LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
MANUAL.
OF
)NCHOLOGY;
' STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.
BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.
('oNSKKVATMK OK Till'. foN< IK.l.oiiH \L Si;.Tl')N <>F T! 1 K ArAhKMY OK XATTUAL Sr]KN( Ks
ol I'llIl.AJ.KI.l'IlIA.
VOL. VIII.
XATK IDJ; C^ALYITIM:!!)^:, TruiMTKUJixE, VE
C.ECID.K, EL'UMID.E, Tl'lMU ).\ I L1J I ).K
PYHAMIDEUJlhE.
PHILADELPHIA:
Published by tlic Author,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COH. IOTH a RACF STS.
1880.
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
\V.M. 1'. (\n.it.\HK,
7:M ^ 7:i S.ANSOM ST., Pn i I.ADKI.IMIIA.
MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.
FAMILY NATIGID7E.
Shell subglobular, spiral, or paucispiral, with or without
epidermis, the margin of the aperture entire. Operculum absent,
or present and paucispiral or concentric, corneous or calcareous.
Animal with voluminous foot, often incapable of entirely
withdrawing into its shell; eyes at the base of the tentacles,
often subcutaneous ; shell often partially or entirely covered
by the mantle. Dentition 3'1 '3.
The Naticidre have been monographed by
Reeve, Conch. Iconica : Natica, 143 sp., 1855. Sigaretus, 26
sp., 1864. Yanikoro, 24 sp., 1875.
Philippi, in Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet, 1852 : Natica, 190
species.
Weinkauff, in Kiister : Sigaretus, 3t species, 1883.
Sowerby, in Thesaurus Conchyliorum : Sigaretus, 28 sp., 1882.
Yanikoro, 24 sp., 1884. Natica, 144 sp., 1883.
Recluz, in Chenu's Illustrations Conchyliologiques, etc.
The present work admits about 225 recent species belonging
to the family ; many of those recognized by previous mono-
graphers being considered synonyms : besides these there are
many unfigured and undetermined forms.
Subfamily I. Naticinde.
Shell turbinate, subglobose or auriform, the spire usuall}'
short; aperture entire, without canal or sinus, the outer lip
sharp, not reflected or margined, the columellar lip callous, more
or less reflected over the umbilicus. Operculum calcareous or
corneous, paucispiral (PI. 1, figs. 12-14).
4 NATICIDJ3.
Animal with small tentacles, which are lanceolate, wide apart,
connected by a veil; eyes absent, or placed under the skin,
behind the tentacles ; foot much produced in front, where it is
furnished with a fold (propodium) covering the head and anterior
margin of the shell ; operculigerous lobe very ample, partially
enveloping the shell ; mantle enclosed. Jaws corneous, waved or
tessellated, subtrigonal (PL 1, fig. 3). Central tooth of the
radula trapezoidal, generally tricuspidate, lateral teeth with a
central large and smaller cusps, inner marginals simple or bifid,
outer marginals simple (PL 1, figs. 4-6).
The animals of Naticidae, characterized by the cephalic disk
forming the propodium, are completely retractile within the
shell in the typical Natica, but not retractile in Sigaretus and
Mamilla. In some species of Neverita, the posterior margin of
the propodium forms on the left side a sort of fleshy siphon ; the
operculigerous lobe, which encircles the shell sometimes has a
sinus on the right side, probably for the introduction of water
into the branchial cavity.
The Natica (PL 7, fig. 43) is an active animal, carnivorous and
very predaceous, living in sandy places, where it hides under the
surface and burrows for bivalves. These it pierces with its
tongue, boring a round hole, generally near the beaks, where
the shell of the victim is thinnest. The eyes, hidden by the
propodium, and subcutaneous, are generally not perceptible, but
can be distinguished in the group Amaura.
The Nidus (PL 7, figs. 44, 45) is unlike that of any other
mollusk in form and composition, being built up largely of
the sand of the sea-bottom, agglutinated into a strap, forming
part of a circle, and provided on one side with a constriction or
rim ; the walls contain the eggs, arranged in quincunx order.
Subfamily II. Lamellar iinse.
Shell thin, sigaretiform, more or less internal, generally pauci-
spiral, sometimes reduced to a non-spiral auriform lamina; spire
short, few-whorled, lateral ; aperture oval, entire, large. No
operculum.
The animal (PL 1, figs. 18, 19) has not the cephalic disk of
Natica. The mantle gradually grows over the shell until the
latter becomes, in some of the genera, completely internal ; eyes
NATICIDjE.
on prominences at the base of the tentacles. Dentition, PI. 1,
fig. 9.
The Lamellariime are carnivorous, living upon Hydrozoa,
Alcyonaria and compound Ascidise. The eggs are deposited in
the midst of colonies of the latter. The first embryonic shell
is nantiloid, with spiral ridges ; the second is more simple,
resembling a Carinaria; these shells are united at their margins
by a thin membrane. The pelagic larval forms have received
the names of Brownia, Echinospira, Calcarella and JasoniUa.
See Manual, ii, t. 8, f. 103-105 ; Structural and Syst. Conch., i,
130, t. 20, f. 51.
Subfamil} 7 III. Vanikoridas.
Shell external, white, with sometimes a velvet}' epidermis,
usually striated, costate or decussated ; nmbilicated, without a
trace of callus. Operculum thin, corneous, non-spiral.
Animal with a long snout, tentacles flattened, much dilated in
the middle, narrow above ; e}-es sessile at their external base ;
mantle margin simple ; foot profoundly bipartite, a narrow,
truncated, elongated propodium and a larger, rounded or sub-
({iiadrangular, operculigerous metapodium ; a large epipodial
veil on each side of the foot ; branchia a single row of triangular
leaflets, partly free. Jaws flattened; radnla short and wide,
having, according to Gray, two series of teeth (?).
Synopsis of Genera.
I. Naticinse.
Genus NATICA, Adanson, 1757.
Shell oval globular, porcellanous, solid, generally smooth,
covered by a fine epidermis, which is transparent, and generally
not very persistent ; umbilicated, or umbilicus more or less
filled with callus ; aperture semilunar, vertical, the outer lip
simple. Operculum large, semilunar, paucispiral, corneous or
calcareous.
Animal with large cephalic lobe, truncated in front, subquad-
r angular.
Subgenus NATICA (sensu stricto).
Shell smooth, solid, brightly colored in bands, spots, stripes,
etc. Operculum calcareous (PI. 1, figs. 12, 13). N. canrena,
Linn.
NATICID^E.
The species are numerous ; mostly inhabitants of warm seas,
in all quarters of the globe. The genus first appeared in the
Jurassic formation. The fossil forms are remarkable for the
persistence of their colors. Nacca^ Risso, is a synonym.
Section STIGMAULAX, Morch, 1852.
Whorls cancellated or grooved. N. cancellata, Lam.
Subgenus NEVERITA, Risso, 1826.
Shell large, depressed orbicular, spire conical or flattened ;
umbilicus open, or partly filled by a tongue-shaped callous process
(funiculum) of the columella. Operculum corneous. Dentition,
PI. 1, fig. 6. N. duplicata, Say.
The shell of Neverita is usually larger sized, sombre colored,
and not so solid as that of Natica. The group inhabits mostly
temperate waters.
Section NEVERITA (typical).
Umbilicus partly filled by a tongue-shaped callous process of
the columella.
Section LUNATIA, Gray, 1847.
Shell subglobose, large, umbilicus open, without funiculum.
Almost insensibty connects with Neverita. Operculum, PI. 1,
fig. 14. N. heros, Say.
Section PAYREAUDAUTIA, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Dolll'us,
1883.
Umbilicus furnished with two funicular plications ; shell small,
variegated. N. intricata^ Donovan.
Appears to connect with the typical group which it resembles
in coloration, but distinguished by its umbilicus and operculum.
Section MAMMA, Klein, 1753.
Shell oval or- suboval, solid, smooth, usually unicolored, white
or yellowish ; aperture semilunar, inner lip oblique, callous, the
callus extending into and more or less completely filling the
umbilicus. N. uber, Val.
Polinices, Montf., 1810, Mamillaria, Swains., 1840, Naticina,
Guilding, 1834, and Naticella, Guilding, 1840, are synonyms.
Section CEPATIA, Gray, 1840.
Shell rotelliform ; umbilicus closed by a large callosity, a
pliciform lamella on the upper part of the columellar lip. Fossil
only. N. cepacea, Lam. Eocene.
NATICID.E. 7
Velainia, Munier-Chalmas, 1884, is a synonym.
Section MAMILLA, Schum., 1817.
Shell oval conic, rather thin, the whorls oblique, rapidly
enlarging ; white or fasciated with brown ; mouth oblong, inner
lip narrow, reflected, usually brown or blackish ; umbilicus not
funiculated. N. maura. Lam.
The synonyms are Naticaria, Swainson, 1840, and Ruma
(Chemn.), H. and A. Adams, 1853.
Subgenus AMPULLINA, ~Lsun. fide Defrancc, 1821.
Umbilicus without funiculum, sometimes open, sometimes
closed by a callosity ; columellar margin usually convex, the
umbilical region limited by a spiral ridge.
Globularia, Swainson, is a synonym.
Only one living species belongs in this group ; the rest are
tertiary fossils.
Section AMPULLINA (sensu stricto).
Spire short, aperture large. N. sigaretina, Lam. Eocene,
Paris (Struct, and Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 66).
Ampullinopsis, Conrad, may perhaps be placed here. Globu-
laria, Swains., is also a synonym.
Section AMAURELLTNA, Bayle, 1885.
Spire scalariform, elongated, sharp ; umbilicus with a narrow
false funiculum. N. spirata, Lam.
Section MEGATYLOTUS, Fischer, 1885.
Callosity of the umbilical region very large, limited by a
semicircular groove, distant from the columella. N. crassatina,
Lam. Lower Miocene.
Section CERNINA, Gray, 1840.
Subglobose, polished, bright colored; aperture large; umbili-
cal region entirely covered by a convex callosity, not limited by
a groove ; columellar margin convex. N.fluciuata, Sowb., the
sole living species of this subgenus.
Anomphala, Jonas, is a synonym.
Subgenus EUSPIRA, Agassiz, 1837.
Spire more or less elevated, suture canaliculated ; whorls few,
angulated or carinated ; umbilical fissure little marked or hidden.
N. canaliculate, Morris and Lye., Oolite, England. (Struct, and
Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 84).
8 NATICID^E.
Subgenus A MAURA, Moller, 1842.
Shell oval, smooth, thin, imperforate, covered by an epidermis ;
aperture oblong, columella short, simple.
Animal with small, compact foot, the right lobe profoundly
sinuated ; eyes subcutaneous, but visible.
A boreal group, commencing with Jurassic fossils, and con-
taining a few living species. N. Candida, Moller.
Section ACRYBTA, H. and A. Adams, 1853.
Shell globular, spire very short; columellar margin incurved,
columella twisted ; lip fragile. N. flava, Gould.
Bulbus, Brown, 1839, is a synonym.
Section AMAUROPSIS, Morch, 1857.
Suture canaliculated. N. canaliculata, Gould.
Section PSEUDAMAURA, Fischer, 1885.
Shell more solid, longitudinally ribbed. N. bulbiformis, Sowb.,
fossil.
Section PTYCHOSTOMA, Laube, 1866.
Shell imperforate, oval; spire large, elevated, sharp ; aperture
oval, angular posteriorly ; columella straight ; the margin arcu-
ated ; lip sinuated near the suture ; growth lines sinuous. N.
Pleurotomoides, Wissman. Triassic.
? Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867.
Shell small, imperforate, white, shining, apex submamillary,
aperture acuminately ovate ; lip arcuate', simple, a little thickened.
It is very doubtful where in the system these little shells
should be placed. The t} r pe species was originally described as
a Macrocheilus, but it was subsequently said to have greater
affinities with Amaura.
Subgenus NATICOPSIS, M'Coy.
Shell imperforate ; inner lip very thick, spreading. Operculum
shelly. N. Phillipsii, M'Coy. Carboniferous, Gt. Brit. (Struct.
and Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 67).
Neritomopsis, Waagen, 1880, is a synonym.
Section ISONEMA, Meek. 7. humilis. Meek. Devonian, Ohio
(S. and S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 71).
Section TRACHYDOMIA, Meek and Worthen, 1866.
Surface covered by small regularly disposed tubercles.
N. nodosa, M. and W. Carboniferous, Illinois.
NATICID^E. 9
Subgenus GYRO DBS, Conrad, 1860.
Shell depressed globose ; aperture generally angular or nar-
rowly rounded below ; inner lip thin ; umbilicus wide, docp,
without callosity, bounded by a revolving carina which is some-
times crenate, with occasionally a second small revolving ridge
within ; whorls shouldered above, the angle generally wrinkled
or crenate.
Cretaceous, United States, India. N. alveata, Conr. (S. and S.
Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 70).
Subgenus TYCIIONIA, de Koninck, 1881.
Shell somewhat depressed, globose, smooth; spire short,
obtuse, suture linear ; last whorl very large, depressed at the
base; aperture semilunar ; lip thin; colnmella thickened by a
callosity which is limited by a shallow oblique groove ; no
umbilicus.
N. Omaliana, de Koninck. Carboniferous, Belgium.
y Subgenus PLATYOSTOMA, Conrad.
Shell subglobose ; spire short ; aperture very large, suborbicu-
lar, dilated ; labrum joining the body-whorl at right-angles to the
axis of the shell.
P. Niagarensis, Hall. Niagara group, New York (S. and S.
Conch , t. Ixiv, f. 74).
Section STROPHOSTYLUS, Hall.
Shell subglobose, spire small, body-whorl large, ventricose ;
outer lip thin, sometimes slightly expanded ; columella twisted
or spirally grooved within, not reflected; umbilicus none. P.
subobtusa, Hall. Lower Helderberg, N. York (S. and S. Conch.,
t. Ixiv, f. 75).
Differs in its twisted or grooved columella.
Section ORIOSTOMA, Munier-Chalmas, 1876.
Umbilicus moderate, circumscribed by a carina ; whorls some-
times partially free. P. Barrandei, Mun.-Chalm. Devonian.
The relations of this group with Natica are somewhat obscure,
as are also those of the typical form with those designated here
as sections. As in many other cases with the older fossil forms
we can only be guided by rather remote general resemblances.
Tylostoma, Sharpe, is considered a member of the group by
10 NATICID^E.
some conchologists ; I have placed it in Tornatellidse (See Struct,
and Syst. Conch., ii, 357).
Genus RUMELLA, Bourguignat, 1885.
Shell small, obliquely oval, polished, spire short, of few whorls ;
last whorl with a large umbilical depression, limited by a basal
angle, and covered by a strong rounded callus ; lip simple. Opcr-
culum unknown.
Lake Tanganika, Central Africa.
The species are said to resemble the group Mamilla in minia-
ture; their position cannot be positively ascertained until we
become acquainted with the animal and operculum.
Genus SIGARJETUS, Lamarck, 1799.
Shell depressed ear-shaped, with minute spire and very large
aperture, externally with revolving striae; color usually white,
sometimes invested with a thin corneous epidermis. Operculum
minute, horny, paucispiral (PL 1, fig. 15).
Animal with large mantle partly or entirely covering the shell
into which it is not able to withdraw entirely. Dentition.
Central tooth of the radula shorter than the lateral cusps (PI. 1,
fig. 7).
Sigaretus inhabits warm seas, on muddy sand-flats ; it is slug-
gish and very timid, moving slowly; when crawling they con-
stantly explore the surrounding surface with the produced fore-
lobe of the foot, which is also used in burrowing.
Living species are rather numerous; fossil, it commences in
the Cretaceous. Catinus (Klein, 1753), H. and A. Adams;
Lupia, Conrad ; Stomatia, Hill ; Cryptostoma, Blainv., 1818, and
Eaynevallia, Ponzi, are synonyms.
Section SIGARETUS (sensu stricto).
Shell depressed orbicular, convex above, mouth rounded ;
umbilicus none or covered by a reflection of the inner lip ; spire
short, oblique.
Section EUNATICINA, Fischer. 1885.
Shell umbilicated, oval oblong, thin, ventricose ; spire sharp ;
inner lip straight, thin anteriorly, with a median callus. S.
papilla, Gin el.
It is Naticina, Gray, 1840 (not Guilding, 1834). Lacunaria,
N ATIC1V1E. 1 1
Conrad, was referred here by me in Structural and Syst. Conch.;
its species having been described as Naticse ; it is now placed in
Lacunidse.
Section AMPLOSTOMA, Stoliczka, 1868.
Subovate, thin, spire short; whorls few, the last large, ventri-
cose, produced in front, widely excavated at base ; aperture
elongatel}* ovate, subangulated, pillar lip smooth, outer lip
dilated and expanded at the margin ; surface nearly smooth.
S. auriformis, Stol., Cretaceous, So. India (S. & S. Conch., t.
Ixiv, f. 85).
The characters are exceedingly close to those of the last
section. Lysis, Gabb., 1864, which I consider a member of the
subfamily Purpurinfe, of Muricida*, has been referred to this
neighborhood by Dr. Fischer.
Subfamily II. Lamellar Unas.
Genus LAMELLARIA, Montagu, 1815.
Shell internal, ear-shaped, thin, pellucid ; spire lateral, very
small; aperture large, patulous, both lips regularly arcuated;
axis imperforate. No operculum.
Animal much larger than the shell, which is entirely concealed
beneath the dorsal shield ; shield thick, verrucose, notched in
front; foot elongated, truncated in front, acuminated behind;
eyes at the outer bases of the tentacles. Dentition I'M, the
central tooth subtrigonal, with the free margin denticulated and
base incurved ; laterals large, the summit lanceolate, the margins
denticulate, no marginals (PL 1, fig. 9).
There are a few living species, and two species in the Miocene.
Interesting particulars of the habits of Lamellaria will be found
in Structural and Systematic Concholog}-, ii, 209.
The synonymy includes Marsenia, Leach, 1847 ; Coriocella,
Blainv-., 1824; Chelinotus, Swains.. 1840; CryptoceUa, H. A: A.
Adams, 1853; Ermsea, Gray, 1857; Cryptothyra, Menke, 1830.
Coriocella and Gryptocella have been considered subgenera, but
have no important characters ; the former was founded upon an
individual accidentally deprived of its shell. The fry, also,
have received several generic names (p. 5).
12 NATICnXffi.
Subgenus MARSENINA, Gray, 1850.
Shell auriform, similar to Lamellaria.
Animal (PL 1, fig. 20) with shield only partially covering the
shell, open in the middle, the anterior margin deeply incised a
little to the left of the middle, and again incised at the middle
of the right margin. Dentition, PL 1, fig. 10. Boreal Seas.
L. prodita, Loven. Colobocephalux, Sars, is a synonym.
Genus ONCIDIOPSIS (Beck), Bergh, 1853.
Shell internal, membranous, flexible, slipper-shaped, nut spiral,
oblong, obtuse at the extremities.
Animal (PL 1, fig. 21) completely enveloping the shell ; dorsal
shield verrucose, thick, margin entire ; foot elongated, lanceo-
late, exceeding the shield at either extremity ; tentacles cylin-
drical, with eyes at their exterior bases. Dentition as in Velutina
(PL 1, fig. 11). Boreal Seas. 0. glacialis, Sars.
? Genus CALEDONIELLA, Souverbie, 1869.
Shell heliciform, imperforate, oval, orbicular, thin, invested by
a thin epidermis which extends beyond the lip ; spire much
depressed, sublateral ; whorls few, rapidly increasing ; aperture
oblique, rather large, the extremities of the simple lip united by
a callus extending widely upon the whorl. Animal unknown.
C. Montrouzieri, Souverb. New Caledonia.
Genus VELUTINA, Fleming, 1822.
Shell thin, mostly external, calcareous, auriform, paucispiral,
invested *by a velvety epidermis ; spire lateral, suture well im-
pressed ; aperture large, rounded, the lip thin, the columellar
lip a little reflected. No operculum.
Animal with large oblong foot; margin of mantle developed,
and more or less reflected over the edge of the shell ; head
broad ; tentacles subulate, blunt, far apart, with eyes on prom-
inences at their outer bases.
Dentition, 2-1-1-1-2, the central tooth subquadrangular, multi-
cuspid, the central cusps ve^r long and sharp ; lateral teeth
multicuspid, marginals narrow, with a few obsolete denticles on
the margin (PL 1, fig. 8).
NATTCTD^E. 13
The Velutinas resemble the pulmoniferous genus Otina, but
are strictty marine. Sometimes they are met with far out at
sea, but usually live among stones near low-tide. Boreal. V.
Isevigata, Pennant.
? Catinella, Stache, is a synonym.
Section LIMNERIA, H. and A. Adams, 1853.
Spire more elevated, peristome not continuous, columella
subcanaliculate. F. undata, Brown.
Morvillia, Gray, 1857, is a synonym.
Section YELUTELLA, Gray, 1847.
Shell in most part covered by the mantle, very thin, flexible,
with short spire ; peristome continuous, thickened. F. Jlexilis,
Montg.
Section LEPTONOTIS, Conrad, 1866.
Margin of the aperture remarkably expanded, surpassing the
spire. F. expansa, Whitfield. Eocene. Alabama.
The shell is minute, and may be embryonic.
SCLEVOGYRA, Whitfield, 1877. Struc. and Syst. Conch., iii, 350.
LYOSOMA, White, 1883. Struc. and Syst. Conch., iii, 350.
These two fossil groups, of doubtful relationships, may
possibly be members of the Naticidae.
Subfamily III. Vanikoridse.
Genus VANIKORO, Quoy and Gaimard, 1832.
Shell subglobose, external, white, with a velvety epidermis,
surface striate, costate or decussate, umbilicated, without a trace
of callus in the umbilicus ; spire not produced; aperture semi-
lunar, outer lip simple.
Animal described in the subfamily. Operculum thin, corneous,
with apical nucleus, not spiral (PI. 1, figs. 16, 17).
A few species are found about corals in warm seas ; fossil,
commences with secondary strata.
About equally well-known under the later and perhaps more
acceptable name of Narica, Recluz, 1841. Leucotis, Swainson,
1840, and Merria, Gray, 1842, are also synonyms.
Section YANIKOROPSIS, Meek, 1876.
Shell subglobose. thick, body-whorl large, spire low ; imper-
14 NATICA.
forate ; outer lip simple, beveled, inner lip closely folded upon and
adhering to the columella and bod} T -whorl, very little thickened,
smooth ; surface with distinct revolving lines and furrows,
developing on the body-whorl strong oblique grooves parallel to
the growth lines. F. Tuomeyana, Meek and Worthen. Creta-
ceous ; Upper Missouri River (S. and S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 87).
Section NATICODON, Ryckholt.
Shell like Vanikoro, but inner lip usually thickened, and
always provided with some kind of a tooth , columella either
slightly hollowed out or solid ; surface smooth, or ornamented
with various spiral or transverse striae. F. spirata, Sowb.
Carboniferous, Europe (S. and S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 76).
This group forms a connecting-link between Vanikoro and Neri-
topsis ; the former having the columellar lip smooth, the latter
insinuated in the middle, or provided with two strong teeth,
while Naticodon has only one tooth ; as regards the thickness of
the shell, this transition seems equally to hold good.
Section NATIRIA, de Koninck, 1881.
Shell globose, spire short, suture profound, axis perforated ;
surface longitudinally plicate, with intermediate parallel stria 1 ,
and slight spiral striee ; columellar margin slightly thickened ;
aperture nearly circular, peristome continuous. Carboniferous-
Trias. F. lirata, Phillips.
Subfamily Naticinse-.
Genus NATICA, Adanson, 1757.
Subgenus NATICA (sensu stricto).
N. MTLLEPUNCTATA, Lam. PI. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25.
Yellowish white, closely painted with small light chestnut
spots, umbilical region and interior of aperture light brown ;
umbilicus with a central entering ridge. Length, l'5-2 inches.
Mediterranean Sea.
Linnaeus classed this among the varieties of his N. canrena.
It is a variable species in its color markings, thus acquiring
several synonyms. Among those of the typical .color-variety are
N.punctata, Karsten, and N. stercus-muscarum, Gmel. (juvenile).
Monterosato has named a var. minor.
NATICA. 15
Yar. MACULATA, Desh. PI. 2, fig. 24.
The spots larger, less sharply defined, often interruptedly con-
fluent, with three interrupted bands of larger spots or macula-
tions.
Appears to connect closely with the type form, but has been
separated as a distinct species of late years by several concholo-
gists on account of differences in the lingual dentition. I retain
the name by which the species is well known instead of the prior
one of N. hebraea, Martyn which has scarcely obtained currency.
Other synonyms are N. trifasciata (Recluz), Adams ; N. aspersa,
Menke ; N. cruentata, Payr.
Monterosato has named as color-varieties, fusca, immaculata,
and rarimaculata. The latter appears to me to connect with the
next species.
Var. SANGUINOLENTA, Brusina. PI. 2, fig. 25.
The punctations coalescing into undulating longitudinal flam-
mules.
X. FULMINEA, Gmelin. PL 2, figs 26, 27.
Shell solid, somewhat tumid and plicately striated next the
suture ; umbilicated, but the umbilicus partly covered by an
overgrowing callous deposit on the upper part of the columellar
lip, which finally becomes A^ery thick ; whitish, with longitudinal
undulating or zigzag chestnut markings, sometimes partly broken
up into spots ; often peppered with minute spots between the
larger markings ; occasionally the zigzag lines break up into
three revolving series. Length, 1-1'75 inches.
West Coast of Africa.
The synonymy includes N. cruentata and N. arachnoidea,
Gmel.; ? N. pardalis, Phil.; N. Ufasciata (Recluz), Reeve; N.
punctata, Swainson ; N. Senegalensis, Recluz (fig. 28) has been
placed here by Reeve and Sowerby ; the figure has the markings
of fulminea, but appears to possess a more conical spire; it is
probably distinct.
N. ADANSONI, Phil. PL 2, fig. 30.
Small, solid, yellowish maculated and spotted with chestnut,
upper and lower portions of body-whorl free from spots, or
10 NATICA.
nearly so ; umbilicus completely filled by the callus of the inner
lip. Length, 15 mill.
W. Africa.
The shell figured by Reeve under this name (fig. 29) is M.
distinct species = N.fanel, Adanson.
N. FULGURANS, Recluz. PL 7, fig. 29 ; PL 2, fig. 28; PL 7, fig. 29.
Yellowish white, with purplish brown angulately flexuous
streaks, often running together ; aperture white ; umbilicus
partly filled by a rather large, convex, rounded central callus.
Length, 25 mill.
Senegal.
Diifers from N. Adansoni in the partly excavated umbilicus,
from N. fulminea in its more conical spire, and less tumid
shoulder of the body-whorl. N. Senegalensis, Recluz (fig. 28)
appears to be a synonym.
N. BOURGUIGNATI, Recluz. PL 2, fig. 31.
Somewhat thick, with well-impressed suture ; umbilicus small,
contracted above by the lip callus and with an entering line
white-flamed longitudinally or punctate with dark chestnut.
Length, 14-15 mill.
Madagascar.
Reeve unites this with the preceding species ; if so, it is .1
strongly marked minor variety.
N. ZEBRA, Lam. PL 2, fig. 32.
Whitish, densely longitudinally painted with narrow, sharply
zigzag chestnut streaks. Length, 1 inch.
Philippines.
N. PELLTS-TIGRINA, Chemn. PL 2, fig. 33.
Whitish, densely spotted with purplish chestnut, a little plicate
at the suture. Diam. 22 mill.
Australia.
N. variolaria, Recluz, is a synonym.
N. MACULOSA, Lam. PL 3, fig. 35.
Spire more elevated than in the last species, umbilicus nar-
rower, maculations obsolete towards the base of the body-whorl
and sometimes near the suture also. Diam. 18 mill.
i,, Jajxtn, Philippines^ Java, el P.
NATICA. 17
It is very doubtful whether this is really distinct from the
preceding species. N. Javanica, Lam., is a synonym.
N. FANEL, Adanson. PI. 2, fig. 29.
Widely umbilicated, with a re-entering callous central ridge,
the umbilicus bounded by a sharp angle ; whorls flattened next
the suture ; punctate with chestnut, some of the punctations con-
fluent into maculations, which are either irregular or form two
or three interrupted revolving series.
Senegal.
Reeve changed the above barbarous specific name to Adan-
soni already used by Philippi. I cannot consent to re-baptize
the species ; better a bad than an unstable name.
N. LYNX, Phil. PL 2, fig. 34.
Rather thick, smooth, whitish, with light chestnut spots,
umbilicus very narrow, nearly filled by the fimiculate callus.
Height 6-66, diam. 5*33 mill.
Mangalore, India.
Closely resembles the preceding species in form and coloring;
distinguished by its much smaller size and narrow umbilicus.
N. IMPERFORATA, Gray. PL 3, fig. 36 ; PL 7, figs. 27, 28.
Solid, with a heavy white callus quite closing the umbilicus,
whorls a little constricted below the suture, where they are
shortly chestnut-flamed, everywhere else densely minutely punc-
tate with chestnut, with obsolete light revolving bands.
Diam. 1 inch.
Gape of Good Hope, West Africa (Marrat).
N. genuaims, Reeve (figs. 27, 28), is a younger and more per-
fect state of this species, with the narrow pale bands more
distinct and bearing dark spots or sagittate markings.
N. FLORIDA, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 37.
Umbilicated, umbilicus brown stained, with a central entering
ridge ; whitish, with close chestnut punctations and two faint
light purplish bands, sometimes obsolete. Length, 22 mill.
Hob. unknown.
N. PULICARIS, Phil. PL 3, figs. 38, 39.
Shell umbilicated, smooth, polished, a little flattened beneath
the suture ; columella callous above ; whitish, closely sprinkled
2
18 NATTCA.
with fine orange dots, with large oblique blotches on the upper
part of the body-whorl (appearing also on the spire), and narrow
revolving bands of the same color on the middle and lower part.
Length, 20 mill.
Hob. unknown.
The above is the description of N. tincturata^ Reeve, which,
in the Index to the " Iconica," is said to be a synonym of the
smaller, obscurely figured N. pulicaris.
N. CINCTA, Ilecluz. PL 3, fig. 40.
Shell white covered by numerous chestnut punctations, with
four narrow white bands spotted with brown. Length, It mill.
Malabar.
I am not acquainted with this species which appears to me
to be nearly related to the preceding. It is omitted from the
monographs of Philippi, Reeve and Soworby.
N. VIOLACEA, Sowb. PI. 3, fig. 41.
Thick, smooth, polished ; white, tessellated with obliquely
square orange-brown spots, arranged in revolving series, some-
times promiscuously interrupted or broken up into hieroglyphic
markings; columella with a heavy violet-colored callous deposit,
covering the upper portion of the umbilicus. Height, 1 inch.
Philippines, Viti Islands.
This is N. rhodostoma, Phil.
N. FABELLA, Jousseaume. PL 3, fig. 42.
Ovately conoidal, solid ; yellowish with minute chestnut dots
and a sutural series of maculations ; aperture white within,
bifasciate with chestnut maculations, the margin minutety chest-
nut dotted ; umbilicus narrow, largely covered by the thick
brownish columellar callus. Length, 13 mill.
Jlab. unknown.
Appears to be very closely related to N. lynx, Phil.
N. TECTA, Adanson. PL 3, fig. 43.
Ovately conoidal, solid, smooth, shining; yellowish, with
short longitudinal chestnut lines at the suture, the rest of the
surface minutely punctate with chestnut ; umbilicus covered by
the white columellar callus. Height, 18 mill.
Guinea,.
NATICA. 19
N. SAGRAIANA, d'Orb. PL 3, figs. 44-46.
Whitish, with light chestnut, narrow zigzag lines, interrupted
by a white band on the periphery ; columellar callus chestnut or
violaceous, nearly covering the umbilicus. Length, 5-7*5 inches.
West Indies, Madeira, W. Africa,
Mediterranean Sea.
N.fulminea, Risso, name preoccupied by Gmelin for another
species; ? N. flammulata, Requien ; N. pulchella, Pfeiffer (fig.
46) ; N. nivea, Anton ; N. Jamaicensis, C. B. Adams; N.fdosa,
Phil. (fig. 45), described as lineolata, preoccupied by Desha3 r es
for a fossil species, are synonyms.
N. VENUSTULA, Phil. PI. 3, figs. 47-49.
Shell shining, white with sparse chestnut lineations, somewhat
zigzag, interrupted by a white band at the suture and a broader
one on the periphery ; columellar callus white, filling the umbili-
cus except a narrow chink. Length, 8 mill.
Habitat unknown.
The lines are not so close as in the last species, the sutural
area is without them, the callus is uncolored and more nearly
fills the umbilicus ; still, I doubt its distinctness. N. Bayani,
Jouss. (fig. 49), is apparently a synonym.
N. TRAILLII, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 50.
Rather solid, somewhat depressed globose, umbilicus large,
partly filled lay the brownish columellar callus ; whitish, painted
throughout with waved oblique dark chestnut lines.
Length, 12 mill.
Malacca.
More depressed than N. Sagraiana, the lineations wider apart,
not interrupted by any peripheral band, etc.
N. MOZAICA, Sowb. PL 3, figs. 51, 52.
Ovate, whitish with four series of ovate, obliquely quadrate
chestnut markings ; columellar callus wide, white, covering the
umbilicus. Length, 15 mill.
Hob. unknown.
The form and callus remind one of the smaller species of
Neritina.
20 NATICA.
N. CIIINENSIS, Lara. PL. 3, figs. 53, 54.
Umbilicus wide, nearly filled by a wide central entering white
callus, leaving a semicircular groove terminating in a narrow
deep perforation above ; white, with obliquely subquadrate
chocolate-colored spots, arranged in four or usually five revolving
series, the second and fourth series often conspicuously larger'.
Length, 1 inch.
China, Singapore, Philippines, Viti Islands.
This is jV. onca, Bolten, of Adams' Genera, and N. Aimei,
Joiisseaume (fig. 54).
N. FORSKALII, Chemn. PI. 3, fig. 55.
Openly perspectively umbilicated, plicately striate next the
suture ; white, longitudinally strigate with chestnut, the striga-
tions interrupted, forming two narrow white bands, base 1111-
colored. Length, 1-1 '5 inches.
Mauritius.
Has been considered by some conchologists a var. of N. rufa,
Born, but the latter is unicolored, interrupted by bands and at
the base, and the umbilicus has a distinct entering ridgo.
N. MAHEENSIS, Dufo. PI. 3, fig. 56.
Strongty plicately wrinkled next the suture ; umbilicus half
filled with a strong white central entering callus; whitish, with
two broad bands of oblique chestnut blotches. Length, 28 mill.
Seychelles Is.
N. RAYNOLDIANA, Eecluz. PL 3, fig. 51.
Rather thick, smooth, umbilicus partly covered on the upper
part by the white columellar callus ; orange-fulvous, sometimes
unicolored, more frequently more or less covered by chocolate
reticulations, often with an irregular band-like interruption on
the periphery. Length, 1 inch.
Ceylon, Singapore, Viti Is.
Sowerby's figure is of a shape not characteristic of this species,
the spire being too elevated.
N. CANRENA, Linn. PL 4, figs. 58-61.
LTmbilicus largely filled with a white entering callus, leaving
a semicircular rimation ; chestnut-brown, with yellowish brown
revolving zones, and longitudinal xigzng brown streaks, becom-
NATICA. 21
ing darker and much more prominent upon the pale bands, base
white.
West Indies, Central America, Florida.
The young of this species has been described under the
name of N. proxima, C. B. Ad. (fig. 59). N. lemniscata, Phil,
(fig. 60), and N. affinis, Busch (fig. 61), appear to me to be
merely }'oung, faded-out examples of this species, although the
first has been identified somewhat doubtfully with a West African
shell (Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., iii, 244). Another synonym is N.
pennata, Schroter.
N. ALA-PAPILIONIS (Cliemii. in part), Auct. PI. 4, figs. 62-61.
Slightly flattened at the suture, umbilicus large, with a central
entering callous ridge; fleshy fawn-colored, with three or four
subequidistant narrow white zones filleted with chocolate, the
interspaces of the first and second and of the third and fourth
zones usually darker colored. Length, 25-35 mill.
China, Philippines, Australia, Seychelles, Zanzibar,
Guaymas and Cape St. Lucas, W. Coast of Mexico.
The above remarkable distribution is fully confirmed by speci-
mens before me. The West Coast shells are known under the
name of N. zonaria, Lam., but Carpenter acknowledges their
identity. N. crenata, Recluz (fig. 63), N. articulata, Phil. (fig.
(54), and N. tseniata, Menke, are S}*nonyms.
Var. BRODERIPIANA, Recluz. Figs. 65-67.
Whorls longitudinally plicately .grooved ; orange-fawn color,
with three white bands articulated with chestnut.
West Columbia, Mazatlan.
X. Taslei, Reel. (fig. 66), and N. iostoma, Menke (fig. 67), are
synonyms of this variety. The latter has been differently
identified, with N. marochiensis, Gmel., but Philippi's figure of
the original t}'pe sets this question at rest.
X. PICTA, Recluz. PI. 4, figs. 68, 69.
Umbilicated, the umbilicus mostly filled by a white entering
callus, smooth; orange fawn-colored, white at the suture and
base, covered with longitudinal short zigzag chestnut lines, and
two or three subequidistant narrow or broader white bands
sagittately marked with chestnut ; the spaces between these
22 NAT1CA.
bands sometimes plain orange-fawn, or Indistinctly or less dis-
tinetly marked with the zigzag lines. Length, 1 inch.
Philippines, So. Australia, N. Caledonia.
N. elegans and N. euzona, Recluz, and N. decora, Phil., are
synonyms.
N. ZELANDICA, Quoy. PI. 4, fig. 70.
Smooth, umbilicus with a central white entering callus ; yel-
lowish fawn-colored, with five white bands painted with chestnut-
colored arrow-headed markings, and a similarly colored wider
sutural band. Length, 22 mill.
New Zealand.
N. CATENATA, Philippi. PL 4, figs. 71-73.
Wrinkled-plicate around the suture, umbilicus large, with a
central entering callus, below which it is wide but shallow, whorls
more obliquely flattened than in the preceding species, brown
fawn-color, white around the base, with three prominent narrow
white bands painted with sagittate chestnut markings; an indis-
tinct additional band often appearing between the second and
third; interior violaceous white. Length, 18 mill.
Panama to Cape St. Lucas, L. Gal.
Allied to N.Zelandica on the one side and to N.marochiensis
on the other. Reeve and Sowerby have confounded it with the
latter and made it a Mediterranean species ; Reeve's figure 92 a,
however, represents the species correctly. N. depressa, Gray,
= N. Grayi, Phil. (fig. 73), is a synonym. Gray's name was
preoccupied by Sowerby for a fossil species.
N. MAROCHIENSIS. Gmelin. PL 5, figs. 74-96 ; PL 7, fig. 36 ; PL
8, fig. 49.
Slightly plicate at the suture, umbilicus largely filled by an
entering white callus ; color variable, grayish, yellowish gray,
yellowish brown, or reddish brown, with about four bands of
arrow-head markings, often running together or more or less
obscured. Length, -75-1-5 inches.
W. Africa, W. Indies, Panama to Mazatlan, Society
and Philippine Islands, Australia, etc.
An exceedingly variable species, with very extended distribu-
tion. It is not the N. marochiensis , of Lamarck, which is
Mediterranean, where the present species does not occur. It is
NATICA. 23
equally well known as N. maroccana, Chemn. The typical
condition of the species is represented by figs. 74, 75. This
form inhabits W. Africa, West Indies, Panama, Pol} T nesia, etc.
N. Cayennensis (fig. 80), N. sagittifera (fig. 36), and N. Sou-
leyetiana (fig. 81), of Recluz, N. undulata, Pease MS., and
probably N. Manceli, Jouss. (fig. 82), and N. undata, Phil. (fig.
88), are synonyms. Very probably N. Gualteriana, Petit (PL
8, fig. 49), belongs here ; it resembles N. tessellata, Phil., quoted,
below.
Yar. LUBIDA, Phil. Figs. 76, 77, 79, 83, 84.
Yellowish green or whitish, the bands obscure, with faint
chestnut lines crossing them instead of the sagittate markings,
suture plicate.
N. tessellata (fig. 79) and N. hebraea, Phil., include specimens
with the color lines more distinctly marked. Occurs mainly in
Central Polynesia, Sandwich Islands, etc., but also in West
Indies and W. Africa.
N.plicatula, Nuttall MS., is a synonym, but the figure given
by Reeve does not represent it, but more probably N. sordida,
Phil. N. Maheensis, Dufo, which I have described on p. 20,
may possibly be a large aberrant form of this variety. N.
limacina (fig. 83) and N. Marchei (fig. 84), Jouss., belong here.
Vtir. LIVIDA, Pfeiiier. Figs. 85-87, 89-92.
Plicate at the suture ; whitish or yellowish white, often with
a broad band of ash-color or brown, almost covering the body-
whorl, sometimes indistinctly doubly banded ; interior of aper-
ture more or less tinted with chestnut or chocolate, the columellar
callus chocolate-colored.
West Indies to Brazil.
Closety allied to the preceding variety, but distinguished by
its colored callus ; it is also usually smaller. N. nifilabris,
Reeve (fig. 86), N. lacernula. Orb. (fig. 87), N. Jamaicensis,
(fig. 89), N. gracilis, Sowb. (fig. 90), and N. nigrescens, C. B. Ad.,
are synonyms. N. Menkeana, Phil. (figs. 91, 92), is referred
here by Morch ; it can scarcely be determined with confidence.
Tar, UNIFASCIATA, Lam. Fig. 93.
Yellowish brown, chocolate or olivaceous, whitish towards the
24 NAT1CA.
base, with a more or less distinct narrow yellowish white band
on the upper part of the whorls ; interior chocolate tinged,
callus white.
Panama, etc.
Large sized like the Var. Chemnitzii, into which it passes. N.
mustelina, Swains., may be a water-worn specimen of this variety ;
it has not been recognized as a species.
Var. CHEMNITZII, Pfr. Figs. 94-96.
Grayish blue or grayish yellow, with four or live rather indis-
tinct bands of sagittate markings either light chocolate or
whitish, often connected by lightning-like whitish longitudinal
streaks ; interior dark chocolate, banded. Large sized.
Panama to Mazatlan and W. Africa.
N. Pritchardi, Forbes (fig. 94), is a synonym of this variety,
as is also possibly N. Cernica, Jouss. (fig. 96), from Mauritius.
N. INSECTA, Jousseaume. PI. 6, figs. 98, 99.
Shell thick, solid ; whitish, with a central yellow band, and a
few longitudinal flexuous chestnut stripes above and below it ;
umbilicus with a slight central entering callus. Length, 8 mill.
Hab. unknown.
Possibly a variety of the preceding species.
N. LINEOZONA, Jousseaume. PI. 5, fig. 97; PI. f>, figs. 100, 1.
Umbilicus open, with a small entering callus ; white, with four
equidistant spiral chestnut lines, and longitudinal chestnut
flammules extending from the suture to the second revolving
line, interrupted between the second and third, and again
extending from third to fourth. Length, 9 mill.
New Caledonia.
N. Gaidei, Souverbie (fig. 100), and N. notata, Sowb. (fig. 1),
are synonyms.
N. LOCELLUS, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 2, enlarged.
Livid flesh-tinged, fulvous brown, .obscurely filleted and
stained ; columella thinly callous ; umbilicus partly filled.
Habitat unknown.
Is possibly a variety of N. marochiensis, Gmel.
N. ASELLUS, Reeve. PI. 6, figs. 3, 4, considerably enlarged.
Whorls faintly plicately striated at the suture, columella
NATICA. 25
covered by a broad callosity ; whitish, with two broad chocolate
bands and a row of spots between them.
Australia.
X. DILLWYNI, Payr. PL 6, figs. 5, 8 ; PI. 5, fig. 78.
Yellowish or fawn-white, with white bands bearing obscure
arrow-head markings of light chestnut ; umbilical region whitish,
partly filled by a callus.
Mediterranean Sea.
The original figure (fig. 8) represents an obscurely colored
state of this species. N. avellana, Phil. (fig. 78) is a nut-brown
variety, the bands obsolete. The late Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys
considered N. proximo, C. B. Ad., a synonym.
X. AREOLATA, Recluz. PI. 6, fig. 23.
Shell rather thin, polished ; yellowish brown, with lighter
zigzag markings ; umbilicus with a large white entering callus.
Length, 15 mill.
Australia, Philippines, Moluccas, Viti Is.
X. ABBBEVIATA, Sowb. PI. 6, figS. 6, 7.
Livid, bifasciately maculated, white-banded and slightly
wrinkled at the suture ; umbilicus closed by the callus ; aperture
chestnut Avithin. Length, 12 mill.
? Mediterranean Sea.
Possibly a form of one of the well-known European species ;
only known to me by Sowerby's figures.
X. MARMORATA, H. Adams. PI. 6, fig. 9.
Whitish, marbled with chestnut and somewhat fiammulate at
the suture, a lighter marbled band on the periphery ; umbilicus
partly reduced by the superior callus; columellar callus and
interior tinged with chestnut. Length, 16 mill.
Canary Islands, Mediterranean.
It is N. Pretoi, Hidalgo.
X. VITTATA, Gmelin. PL 6, figs. 10-12.
Yellowish brown, vittate with chestnut, or laciniated ; umbili-
cus with a central entering ridge. Length, 20 mill.
Morocco, Algiers, So. Coast of Spain.
N. textilis, Reeve (fig. 12), and N. intricatoides, Hidalgo, are
synonyms.
26 NATICA.
N. FORATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 22.
Shell depressed globose, resembling a Turbo ; umbilicus large,
with flattened walls forming an angle with the base of the shell,
and with a central thread-like entering-ridge ; aperture semicir-
cular, the inner lip straight and mostly detached, bounding the
umbilicus ; yellowish white, reticulated and spotted in revolving
series with orange-brown. Length, 15 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.
N. LTMPIDA, E. A. Smith. PL 6, fig. 24.
Rather thin, semitransparent, whitish, gloss3 r , opaque white at
the suture ; umbilicus rather narrow, without any internal ridge.
Length, 8 mill. Torres Straits, Australia.
No operculnm obtained. Is probably a young shell, and cer-
tainly possesses no characters to entitle it to description as a
new species.
N. ANTONI, Phil. PL 6, fig. 25.
Smooth, plicatulate at the suture ; olivaceous brown, with two
spiral series of brown dots, whitish towards the base ; umbilicus
entirely filled with callus. Length, 14 mill.
Loo Choo Islands (Phil.); Mouth of Macusi Riv.,
E.Africa (Smith).
Mr. Smith remarks that a young specimen had a pale band
between the two series of dots which become obsolete in the
adult.
N. COLLIEI, Recluz. PL 7, figs. 34, 30-33.
Obsoletely plicate at the suture ; yellowish, with oblique,
squarish chestnut markings in four spiral series, the two middle
series sometimes confluent ; umbilicus with a central rounded
entering callus. Length, 19 mill. Australia, Japan.
N. concinna, Dunker (figs. 30, 31) and N. bicincta, Schrenck
(figs. 32, 33) are only color-varieties of this species.
N. RUBROMACULATA, Smith. PL 7, fig. 35.
With a band of chestnut-colored maculations above, and
another near the base, the spots connected by longitudinal
flexuous lines ; margin of aperture maculate within ; umbilicus
narrow, with entering callus. Length, 17 mill.
Whydali, W. Africa.
NATICA. 27
X. VARIABILIS, Kecluz. PL 7, fig. 57.
Smooth, shining, rather solid ; yellowish white, covered with a
fine network of chestnut color, with a row of maculations near
the base, and an opaque white band overlaid with the reticula-
tions at the suture ; columellar callus tinged with deep chestnut,
and nearly filling the umbilicus. Length, 22 mill.
Hab. unknown (Reeve); W. Africa (Marrat).
Seems to be nearly related to N. imperforata, Gray.
X. PAVIMENTUM, Rccluz. PL 7, figs. 38, 39.
Yellowish white, with orange-brown flexuous markings or
spots, interrupted on the periphery by a broad light-bluish
band, on the middle of which is a spiral series of orange-brown
squarish spots ; columella filled with callus. Length, 10 mill.
Philippines, Amboina.
N. Cailliaudi, Recluz (fig. 39) is a mere variety of this species.
X. PYGM.EA, Phil. PL 7, fig. 40.
Whitish, covered by small chestnut-colored punctations, with
three obscure bands; umbilicus narrow, open. Length, 10 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.
X. DILECTA, Gould. PL 7, fig. 41.
Covered with a russet-colored epidermis, under which the
shell is ivory-white, reticulated with a very minute network of
rusty brown or fawn-color, leaving occasional white patches, and
with a series of chestnut-colored blotches, revolving on all the
whorls, near the suture; callus tinged with chestnut-brown,
nearly filling: the umbilicus. Length, 16 mill.
? Mouth of the Rio Negro, Patagonia.
X. ADAMSIANA, Dunker. PL 8, fig. 46.
Olivaceous brown, with two lighter bauds covered with longi-
tudinal flexuous chestnut markings; umbilicus with central
entering callus ; suture slightly plicate ; interior of aperture
chestnut colored with two pale bands. Length, 23 mill.
Japan.
X. MOQUINIANA, Recluz. PL 8, figs. 47, 48.
Rather thin ; yellowish brown, with three series of chestnut
maculations, running together in adult specimens, with connect-
28 NATICA.
ing longitudinal stripes ; callus slight, partly covering the umbil-
icus from above. Length, 16 mill.
Hob. unknown,
M, Recluz is of opinion that the operculum will prove to be
corneous.
N. LIMBATA, d'Orb. PL 8, fig. 50.
Thin, smooth, reddish or light purplish, white around the base,
and white lined at the suture; umbilicus narrow.
Length, 16 mill.
Bay of San Bias and Mouth of Rio Negro, Patagonia.
I am not acquainted with either this or the following species.
N. ISABELLEANA, d'Orb. PL 8, fig. 51.
Reddish brown, smooth, thin ; umbilicus narrow.
Length, 13 mill.
Maldonado, Uruguay.
Philippi remarks that the specimen figured and described by
d'Orbigny is probably worn and has lost some of its markings,
as he had seen a Brazilian shell, with four bands, and longitu-
dinal flames which might well be referred to this species.
N. COLLARTA, Lam. PL 8, figs. 54, 52, 53, 49.
Whitish, with irregular, interrupted chestnut streaks, not
extending to the base, slightly flattened at the suture, and milk-
white, bearing fewer, larger sagittate chestnut markings ; umbili-
cus with somewhat inferior entering callus ; interior tinged with
chestnut. Length, 1-1-25 inches.
W. Africa.
N. labrella, Lam.; N. Gambiae, Recluz (fig. 53), an old thick-
ened example ; and N. obstructa, Menke (fig. 49 bis) a faded
specimen, are synonyms. One of the figures of labrella given
by Philippi in Kiister (fig. 52) also represents an individual
denuded of color markings.
N. ELEN.E, Recluz. PL 8, figs. 55, 56.
Depressed, inflated, spire small, suture well impressed, closely
plicately ridged above and below between the growth grooves,
the middle of the body-whorl with incised growth lines only ;
umbilicus very large, with an inferior entering callus ; whitish,
NATICA. 29
densely lineated with chestnut, the markings dislocated in three
spiral series. Length, 1-1*5 inches.
Panama.
Closely allied to the next species in general pattern of coloring
only.
N. Haneti, Recluz (fig. 56), and JV. excavata. Carp., are
synonyms.
N. LINEATA, Lam. PL 8, fig. 57.
Shell smooth, rather largely umbilicated, with inferior entering
callus ; white, flexuously lineated with chestnut, except at the
base. Length, 1-2 inches.
Singapore, Philippines.
N. BURTASENSTS, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 58.
Whorls somewhat slanting above, convex below, smooth,
polished ; bluish white ; with longitudinal flexuous chestnut
li neat ions ; deeply umbilicated ; columella with a broadly re-
flected deep red columellar callosity. Length, 18 mill.
Isle of Burias, Philippines.
N. GRACTLIS, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 59.
Whorls more convex and spire more produced than in pre-
ceding species ; whitish, with crowded oblique longitudinal linea-
tions ; umbilicus reniform, with a median entering callus.
Length, 10 mill.
Philippines.
N. VITELLUS, Linn. PI. 8, fig. 60.
Whorls slightly plicate at the suture ; orange-brown, obscurely
lighter banded, with an upper and a lower series of large white
or yellowish spots ; umbilicus deep, partly circumscribed by a
superior callus. Length, 1-25-1*75 inches.
Philippines, Singapore.
N. ZONALIS, Recluz. PL 8, fig. 61.
Shell covered by a very thin brownish epidermis, beneath
which it is whitish, with two bands of longitudinal, sometimes
confluent chestnut lines ; umbilicus with inferior entering callus.
Length, 17 mill.
Viti Islands.
N. RUFA, Born. PL 9, figs. 62, 63.
Excavately umbilicated, with central entering callus, and
overhanging superior callus ; upper and middle portion of
30 NATICA.
whorls chestnut-color, with a narrow white sutural band, a white
peripheral band, and the lower part of the body-whorl also white.
Length, 1*5 inches. Hong Kong, Singapore, Mauritius.
It is N.fasciata, Martyn, N. leucozonias, Grael.
Var. SPADICEA, Gmelin. Fig. G3.
The coloring lighter and more diffused, often varying in
intensity in obsolete bands and spiral lines, the sutural white
band wider.
Yar. FORSKALI, Chemn.
On p. 20 I have treated this as a distinct species ; it has been
regarded by some conchologists as a variet} r of N. rufa in which
the coloring is interrupted by the growth-lines causing it to
form longitudinal oblique stripes instead of being diffused over
the entire surface. It is very possible that it has been correctly
placed here.
N. HELVACEA, Lam. PI. 9, fig. 64.
Whorls somewhat slanting above, then more convex ; umbili-
cus deep, contracted above by the callus ; a diffused white band
at the suture, then a broad diluted chestnut band extending to
below the periphery, base white ; on the chestnut space, at the
periphery is a narrow white band, above it generally another,
obsolete. Length, 1-5 inches. Singapore.
Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species, which it
decidedly resembles in coloration, differing mainly in the
sloping conical form, and narrower umbilicus with the entering
callus barely indicated. It is usually called N.. globosa, Chemn.,
but this is only a portion of the descriptive phrase used by that
author to designate the species. It is N. spadicea, var. ft, of
Dillw., and N. pallens, Phil.
N. CLAUSA, Brod. and Sowb. PL 9, figs. 65, 67-69, 73.
Shell globose, whitish or yellowish white, spire often tinged
livid, umbilicus entirely covered and closed by a callus.
Length, 1*25-2 inches.
Arctic Seas circumboreal, N. Japan, Alaska,
Melville Isl, Greenland to Massachusetts,
Arctic Europe, Off Coast of Portugal
(nearly 1000 fms.).
NATICA. 31
The late Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys identified this with N. affinis,
Grael. Mr. Verrill in reviewing Dr. Jeffrey's paper (Am. Jour.
Sci., 3 ser., v, 472), dissents from this consolidation, because
Nerita affinis, Gmel., is described as having a nacreous interior,
as inhabiting New Zealand, and is placed in the umbilicated
section of the genus. An inspection of the S}~st. Nat. of Gmelin
shows that in the last particular only is Verrill correct, no
silvery interior is mentioned, the habitat is said to be northern
seas and a reference is made to the Zool. Danica, prodr. of
Miiller. Still, the uncertainty of an unfigured species, insuf-
ficiently described, and the fact that it is, whether correctly or
not, placed among umbilicated species, forbid the use of the
name a-ffmin for the species.
The synonyms are N. consolidates, Couth, (fig. 67), a southern
and smaller form, occurring as far southward as Massachusetts ;
N. septentrionalis, Beck (fig. 69), Greenland; probably N. russa,
Gould, Arctic Ocean ; N. operculata, Jeffreys (fig. 73), Japan.
N. occlusa, S. Wood, a Crag fossil of England, has been
referred to this species ; I think it distinct, as the spire is much
more elevated and the whorls more convex.
Var. VITTATA, Jeffreys.
Spire more elevated, body-whorl with two purplish bands, one
of them showing on the penultimate whorl.
Greenland.
This will perhaps prove distinct ; I should think it, from the
description, more nearly allied to the fossil N. occlusa.
Var. IANTHOSTOMA, Desh. Fig. 68; PL 19, fig. 89.
Yellowish brown, irregularly white zoned, apex blackish;
interior purplish. Length, 2 inches.
Kamtscliatka, Northern Japan.
N. IMPERVIA, Phil. PI. 9, fig. 60.
Oval, with spire very short, rather solid, white, umbilicus
completely filled with callus. Length, 10 mill.
Straits of Magellan.
N. PUSILLA, Say. PI. 21, fig. 6.
Cinereous, or yellowish white, with sometimes one or two
obsolete bands ; columella callous nearly closing the umbilicus,
32 NATICA.
and only leaving an arcuated linear opening; operculum cal-
careous. Length, 6 mill.
Southern Coast of the United Stales;
Buzzard's Bay, 3 to 8 fms. (Stimpson).
This is not N. pusilla of Reeve's " Iconica."
Section STIGMAULAX, Morch, 1852.
N. SULCATA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 75.
Largely umbilicated, partly filled by an inferior entering
callus ; cancellated by revolving and longitudinal close grooves,
often pitted at their crossings ; white, sometimes banded and
mottled with fulvous orange. Length, 20 mill.
West Indict.
The revolving grooves are sometimes very faint, in other
specimens as strong as the longitudinal ones. Other names for
the species are N. cancellata, Gmelin, N. rugosa, Chemn., N.
costata, Menke.
N. SEMISULCATA, Gray. PI. 9, fig. 14.
Deeply and rather widely umbilicated, umbilicus bounded by
an angle, suture excavated, whorls slantingly flattened above ;
polished white, encircled superiorly by five or six linear
grooves. Length, 14 mill.
West Indies.
Is possibly a Mamma. I do not know the operculum.
Subgenus NEVERITA, Kisso, 1820.
Section NEVERITA (typical).
N. AMPLA, Phil. PL 10, figs. 81-83, 85, 86 ; PL 11, figs. 91-93 ;
PL 12, fig. 6.
Depressed globose, indistinctly spirally engraved, a little
depressed below the suture ; umbilicus very wide, spirally striate,
and usually two- or three-ridged, umbilical callus transversely
deeply grooved in the middle, reflected over the upper portion
of the umbilicus, rather small ; color light flesh or yellowish
brown, earlier whorls often livid, interior and callus light choco-
late. Length, 2-2'5 inches.
Indian Ocean, China, Japan, Australia, Mauritius.
The numerous species here united have received from Sowerby
NATICA. 33
and others the name of N. didyma, Bolten (fig. 81), an author
scarcely quotable ; N. vesicalis, Phil. (fig. 92), has also been
used in this connection; but N. ampla has priority of position,
although published at the same time as N. vesicalis. Other
synonyms are: N. robusta, Dkr., N. Lamarckiana (fig. 86), N.
Chemnitzii (fig. 82), JV. Petiveriana (fig. 91), and N. intermedia
of Recluz ; N. problematica, Reeve (fig. 93) ; N. papyracea,
Busch (fig. 85) ; N. bicolor, Schrenck, not Phil. ; N. incisa, Dkr.,
and perhaps N. glaucina, Lam., not Linn.
X. BICOLOR, Phil. PL 11, fig. 94.
Depressed orbicular, smooth, yellowish brown above, whitish
beneath ; umbilicus spirally striate, and few ridged, callus small,
bipartite, chocolate-color ; aperture dark chocolate above, whitish
inferiorly. Length, 28 mill.
Chinese Sea, Japan.
Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species.
X. INCBI, Phil. PI. 10, figs. 81-90 ; PL 11, fig. 95.
Yellowish-, brownish-, or livid-white, chocolate, etc. ; depressed
orbicular ; umbilicus entirely filled with a button-like callus, the
rounded margin of which is sometimes deeply grooved ; aperture
white, or tinged with chocolate. Length, 1-1 '25 inches.
Southern Coast of Australia.
The synonyms are N. Baconi (fig. 95), and N. fibula (fig. 89)
of Reeve, and N. clavata, Sowb. (fig. 90).
X. JOSEPHINE, Risso. PL 10, fig. 84; PL il, fig. 96.
Depressed globose, widely umbilicated, but the umbilicus
mostly filled by the flattened callus ; glaucous or yellowish brown
above, usually lighter or whitish beneath, aperture chocolate-
colored, white inferiorly. Length, 1 inch.
Southern Europe.
It is N. glaucina of Reeve and other authors (fig. 96), not of
Linnaeus or Lamarck ; N. olla, Desh. ; N. Pliilippiana, Recluz
(fig. 84) ; N. albumen, Scacchi, etc.
X. DUPLICATA, Say. PL 12, figs. 3-5 ; PL 13, fig. 10.
More or less conically globose, obsoletely spirally engraved,
and obliquely longitudinally striated, often with a slightly
34 NATICA.
depressed area beneath the suture ; umbilicus wide, spirally
striate, nearly filled by a wide, somewhat overhanging callus,
which is often rugose or obsoletely pitted ; gray, yellowish
brown, livid, etc., callus and interior of aperture chocolate.
Length, 3 inches.
New England to Florida, Gulf Shores of the United Stales, etc.
The species figured by Reeve under this name is Lunatia
heros, Say ; Sowerb}^ has also confounded the two species. N.
Delessertiana, Recluz, combines the typical form with that
described by Gould as N. fossata (fig. 4). The latter is scarcely
entitled to even varietal rank ; it is distinguished by the umbili-
cus being more decidedly striate and bounded by an acute ridge,
but these features common, perhaps predominant in Florida
specimens, seem to shade away with the more northern distribu-
tion. N. Gampeachiensis, Recluz (fig. 10), and N. Texasiana,
Phil. (fig. 5), are synonyms. The bowl-shaped sandy nidimental
ribbon is a common and very curious sea-shore object ; it is very
clitferent in form and structure from the capsules of other gastro-
pod genera.
N. RECLUZIANA, Desh. PL 12, fig. 1.
Shell solid, conically globose, columella strongly callous from
the superior function of the outer lip, nearly filling the umbilicus ;
fawn-color, or yellowish brown, lighter or whitish below, interior
chocolate, callus usually white. Length, 3 inches.
California, N. W. Coast of Mc.i'ico.
The figure is more than usually conical, the general form being
somewhat more conical than in N. duplicata.
N. GLAUCA, Humboldt. PL 11, figs. 97, 98.
Shell very much depressed, rugosely striate, concavely exca-
vated beneath, the umbilicus partly overhung by a thin, tongue-
like callus; whitish, or yellowish, broadly chestnut banded
above, callus and interior chestnut-color.
L. 1-25, diam. 2-25 inches.
Acapulco to Panama.
It is N. Bonplandi, Yal. and N. patula, Sowb. The latter
name should perhaps have priority were it not preoccupied for a
fossil species.
NATICA. 35
***
N. LARVATA, Canefri. PL 23, fig. 64.
Smooth, very minutely decussately striate, subplicate at the
suture ; bluish white, with two indistinct chestnut bands ; umbil-
icus entirely filled by a heavy white columellar callus ; aperture
chestnut-colored. Length, 18 mill.
Hob. unknown.
The operculum has not been observed, and the systematic
position of the species is uncertain. "
Section LUNATIA, Gray, 1841.
N. LEWISII, Gould. PL 13, figs. 11, 12 ; PL 9, fig. 70.
Conical globose, obsoletely spirally striate, yellowish white or
brownish white ; whorls obliquely sloping above with, in old
specimens, an obtuse angle on the shoulder, defined by a slight
concave constriction above and below it ; interior chocolate-
white ; umbilicus narrow and deep, with a tongue-shaped, chocolate-
tinged callus extended partly over it from above.
Length, 3-5 inches.
California Oregon, etc., Japan.
The largest species of the genus. Small specimens are regu-
larly rounded on the upper portion of the w r horls ; it is only with
advancing age that the constriction gradually becomes more
apparent. The species is generally known as N. herculea, Mid-
dendorff, but that name was published two years subsequently.
N. Reiniana, Dunker (fig. 12), a Japanese species, is surely a
synonym ; and N. algida, Gould (fig. 70) is the young.
N. HEROS, Say. PL 13, figs. 13, 1(5 ; PL 14, figs. 19, 20.
Yellowish, or brownish white, with obsolete waved minute
spiral striae, interior flesh-color, columella only slightly callously
thickened, flesh-color, scarcely contracting the narrow, deep
umbilicus. Length, 3-4-5 inches.
Maine to New Jersey.
N. heros is a northern species, gradually replaced southwards
by N. duplicata. The latter has been confounded with it by
British authors. Like N. duplicata, it preys extensively on
other mollusks ; on the Xew Jerse} r coast Mactra solidissima is
its usual victim, being grasped in the voluminous foot of the
36 NATICA.
Natica, whilst the tongue bores a circular hole through the shell
near its beak. The egg-case, like that of N. duplicata, is a com-
mon sea-shore object.
N. triseriata, Say (fig. 16) is a color-variety of the young of
this species ; it has three spiral series of oblique, short chestnut
streaks, under an olive-gray epidermis. In this state the species
resembles some of the typical Naticas in coloration. As the
shell grows larger the markings become more obscure, so that it
is rare to find a specimen an inch in diameter in which any trace
of them remains. In other young specimens there are never
any markings at any stage of growth. N. ampullaria, Lam.,
referred by authors to several species, really appears to belong to
this ; but there seems to be no good reason for reviving it at this
late day. N. pomum, Phil. (fig. 20) appears to be a sj'nonym ;
its locality is unknown.
N. PAPYRACEA, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 14.
Shell thin, globose, yellowish white, obscurel}- two-banded,
umbilicus narrow, interior of aperture and columella flesh-color.
Length, 1*4 inches.
Hob. unknown.
Said to resemble the European Helix pomum. It is probably
the young of one of the preceding species perhaps of N. Lewisii.
N. LEVICULA, Verrill. PI. 13, fig. 17.
Shell thin and light, globose, with deeply impressed sutures,
columellar lip nearly vertical, very slightly callously expanded
above, so as to encroach somewhat on the narrow umbilicus.
Length, 40 mill.
Maine, Massachusetts ; deep water.
Much thinner, with more rounded whorls and different colu-
mella than N. heros. It is very rare, and has only been obtained
during recent years by dredging.
N. GLOBOSA, Jeffreys. PI. 14, fig. 34.
Globular, thin and fragile, semitransparent, glossy, whitish,
suture rather deep, umbilicus narrow. Length, 2*5 mill.
Morocco and Cape Verd Is. (Talisman Exped., 1192-1980 fms.).
I introduce this little species here, because of its remarkably
suggestive resemblance to the preceding one, of which it may
possibly be the young.
NAT1CA. 37
X. PATAGONICA, Phil. PI. 14, fig. 24 ; PL 21, fig. 12.
Shell globose, solid, smooth, white, suture profound, umbilicus
narrow. Length, 1'4 inches.
Straits of Magellan.
N. globosa, King (unfigured), from the same locality, appears
to agree in description, except that it is said to be thin. Per-
haps X. Magellanica, Phil. (fig. 12), may also be referred here.
X. ATROCYANEA, Phil. PL 14, fig. 21.
Ovately globose, rather thin, bluish or bluish-white, with a
white band at the suture, and white also at the base ; umbilicus
narrow ; interior and columclla chocolate-colored.
Length, 1*5 inches.
Straits of Magellan.
X. FORTUNEI, Reeve. PL 14, figs. 22, 23 ; PL 9, fig. 72 ; PL 21,
fig. 9,
Conically globose, with elevated spire and well-marked suture,
umbilicus narrow, slightly contracted by callus above ; yellowish
white to brownish, interior tinged with chocolate.
Length, 42 mill.
China.
Reeve's example was a young one (fig. 22), and resembles
Xatica tennis, Philippi (not Recluz), so closely (fig. 9), that I
am inclined to consider that shell also identical ; although it is
said to be as thin as paper, whilst Fortunei is of medium thick-
ness. The name tenuis was used at an earlier date by Recluz.
Perhaps N. gilva, Phil. (fig. 72), is identical ; if so, the name will
take precedence.
X. PALLIDA, Brod. and Sowb. PL 14, figs. 27, 20, 28 ; PL 13, fig.
15; PL 9, figs. 76-78.
Ovately globose, narrowly umbilicated, smooth, dirty white
under a yellowish brown thin epidermis. Length, 28 mill
Arctic Seas circumboreal ; Maine, Massachusetts.
N. borealis, Gray (fig. 76) ; N. alba, Loven ; N.pusilla, Gould,
Forbes and Hanley (not Say) (fig. 78) ; N. Grcenlandica, Beck
(fig. 35) ; N. lactea, Loven ; N. fo/Z&osa, Reeve, (fig. 77), probably
N. Beverlii, Leach ; N. Gouldii, Phil. (fig. 15) ; N. suturalis,
Gray (fig. 28); N. livida, Laskey ; N. caurina, Gould (fig. 26),
are synonyms.
38 NATICA.
N. SORDIDA, Phil. PI. 12, figs. 99, 100.
Solid, striate longitudinally, reddish brown or orange-brown,
or yellowish white, white at the base ; umbilicus narrow, open,
spirally striate, usually reddish brown as well as the callus ;
interior of aperture whitish or tinged with brown.
Length, I/I inches.
England to Mediterranean, rare.
With this must be united N. Brocchiana, Phil., N. fusca, of
Weinkauff, not Blainville the latter being a somewhat doubtful
spetfies, N. Inevida, Laskey, and N. plicatula, Reeve (fig. 100).
N. COMPACTA, Jeffreys. PI. 14, fig. 31.
Globular, thick, opaque, somewhat glossy, with a few micro-
scopical spiral striae ; light yellowish brown ; suture wide, slightly
channeled ; inner lip thickened, closing the umbilicus, but not by
a pad. Length, 9 mill.
Atlantic, 0. (" Porcupine " and " Lightning " Expeditions).
The young have the umbilicus open.
N. SUBPLICATA, Jeffreys. PI. 14, fig. 32.
Globular, rather thick, opaque, glossy, slightly wrinkled
striate at the suture ; ivory -white ; suture rather deep ; umbilicus
narrow. Length, 10 mill.
Bay of Biscay, Off Cape Verd Is. (370-1192 fms.).
N. ANGULATA, Jeffreys. PI. 14, fig. :}:}.
This is an embryo only, and should not have been described.
Length, 1-25 mill.
Atlantic, Mediterranean (" Porcupine " Exped.).
N. TENUIS, Recluz. PL 14, fig. 25.
Thin, dirty white, smooth, spire elevated, suture well impressed,
columellar callus thin, reducing the umbilicus to a rimate open-
ing. Length, 1 inch.
Valparaiso.
N. JMMACULATA, Totteu. PI. 12, fig. 7.
Conically ovate, the extremities rather pointed, milk-white,
under a thin greenish yellow epidermis ; umbilicus narrow ;
inner lip with white callus. Length, 8 mill.
New England, Nova Scotia, etc., to Greenland.
With this I unite N. nana, Moller, a species described from
Greenland.
NATICA. 39
N. PISIFORMIS, Recluz. PI. 12, fig. 8.
Narrowly umbilicated, white, columella with a white callus
above ; rather solid, whorls somewhat flattened above.
Length, 5-6 mill.
Valparaiso, Chili.
I know nothing of this species.
N. NUCULA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 9 ; PL 9, fig. 80.
Subglobose, body-whorl obliquely flattened or subconstricted
around the middle ; columella with a broad, button-like callosity
completely covering the umbilicus; dull yellowish white, livid at
the apex.
New Ireland.
The figure is said to be "considerably magnified," but no
dimensions are given.
X. OHTUSA, Jeffreys. PL 9, fig. 79.
Conically globose, rather thick, opaque and glossy, whitish,
inner lip callous, completely covering the umbilicus.
Length, 7 '5 mill.
N. Atlantic Ocean.
Closely resembling N. immacidata, Totten in form, but dis-
tinguished by its closed umbilicus.
X. SOLUTA, Gould. PL 9, fig. 71.
Shell small, thin, globular, whorls slightly tabulated above,
suture channeled ; umbilicus deep, narrow, columella somewhat
callous above ; color whitish. Length, 13 mill.
? Southern Coast of South America.
The locality is very doubtful. It does not appear to differ
much from N.pallida, Brod. and Sowb., and P. P. Carpenter is
probably correct in referring it to that species.
N. MONTAGUI, Forbes. PL 14, fig. 30.
Yellowish or rufous white, smooth, suture narrowly channeled,
umbilicus moderate, with a nearly obsolete entering callus.
Length, 10 mill.
Iceland, England, Norway.
It is N. rufa, Montagu ; N. helicina, Saguenza (in part); N.
albula, Marshall, and N. squalida and N. rutila of Macgillivray.
40 NATICA.
N. NOTABILIS, Jeffreys. PL 13, fig. 18.
Somewhat pointed at the extremities, thick, smooth, opaque,
rather glossy ; yellowish white, with three equidistant bands on
the body-whorl, composed of oblique, close, reddish brown
streaks ; umbilicus contracted by a thick but small chestnut-
blotched pad, so as to form a concentric groove.'
Length, 10 mill.
Ojf Say res, Portugal.
Like N. triseriata in coloring, but the whorls are not so
ventricose, spire more pointed, and umbilicus different; it
differs also from N. niacilenta in shape, consistency, color and
umbilicus.
N. MACILENTA, Phil. PI. 6, figS. 11-19.
Shell conic-ovate, smooth, spire rather elevated, openly um-
bilicated ; yellowish white, four-banded with oblique chestnut
streaks, columellar callus' chestnut-tinged. Length, 12-15 mill.
Mediterranean, Atlantic Coast of Spain and N. Africa.
N.pulchella, Risso, is probably the same species, and N. Rizzae,
Phil. (fig. 19), is a slight color-variety. It is very doubtful
whether this species is distinct from N. Guillemini, Payr.,
differing only in its smaller size and more oval shape.
N. GUTLLEMINT, Payr. PL 6, figs. 16, 14, 26.
Narrowly umbilicated, conicalLy globose ; purplish white,
marbled or obscurely five-banded with chestnut blotches, which
are more distinct and irregular around the suture, columellar
callus tinged with chestnut. Length, 18-22 mill.
Southern Europe, Atlantic and Mediterranean.
N. marmorata, Risso, and N. maroccana, Salis, are synonyms.
See remarks under preceding species. N. Franciscana, Recluz
(fig. 26), is a variety.
N. ALDERI, Forbes. PL 6, figs. 13, 15.
Obliquely rounded above, subglobose ; whitish, usually with
five bands of chestnut-colored markings, the three lower ones
sagittate ; umbilicus open, narrow, the columellar callus chestnut-
tinted, slightly impinging above. Length, 12-15 mill.
Northern Europe to Mediterranean Sea.
This is N. nitida, Forbes and Hanley (fig. 15), not Donovan,
NATICA. 41
N. marochiensis, Phil., not Chemnitz ; perhaps N. glaucina,
Linn., in part, A 7 , macilenta, Reeve (fig. 13), not Phil., and N.
lactea, Marshall, N. intermedia, Phil., N. Poliana, Chiaje, etc.
N. CATENA, DaCosta. PL 7, figs. 42-45.
Shell yellowish brown, with a single band of very short flexu-
ous chestnut markings or spots at the suture ; umbilicus open,
rather narrow, partly restricted above ~hy the callus.
Length, 1-5-2 inches.
Europe.
Better known under the later name of N. monilifera, Lam. ;
but it is doubtful whether this species has been properly identi-
fied ; it is certainly the N. monilifera of most authors.
The animal is yellowish or drab, with a purplish tinge on the
upper part, and faintly lineated with brown. The fry are
globular, orange-colored and umbilicated ; they assume the
purplish brown markings after they are excluded from the
leathery band (fig. 44).
According to Bouchard-Chan tereaux the sexual coition lasts
many hours. The spawn-envelope consists of a great number
of rounded cells, each containing from 12 to 15 fry, which
emerge in succession at an interval of two or three clays after at
least two months of foetal life. The eggs are laid usually in
March and April, and the young are produced in May or June.
" When just taken, in vigor, and immersed in sea-water, it is
scarcely possible to contemplate a more beautiful and interesting
object, with its shell rising as a globular pyramid from its
immense circular disk, elegantly marked with fine dark lines on
clear drab ground." CLARK.
It is N. canrena, Maton and Rackett, N. castanea, Lam., N.
Nicolii, Forbes, N. helicina, Brocchi, N. glaucina, Fleming and
Pennant. N. ampullaria, Lam., has been referred to this
species, but the figure of it given by Delessert is more like N.
heros, Say. The brown variety called castanea by Lamarck, has
since been rechristened Var. Leckenbyi, Marshall.
N. LARGILLIERTI, Recluz. PI. 14, fig. 29.
Yellowish brown, rather smooth, inflated, umbilicus narrow,
reduced to a mere slit by the reflected callus.
Length, 32-45 mill. Newfoundland.
42 NATICA.
Believed to have been obtained from the stomach of codfish.
If the original figure is correct, this species appears to have
escaped all other collectors.
Section PAYRAUDEAUTIA, Bucq., Dautz. & Dollf., 1883.
N. INTRICATA, Donovan. PL 6, figs. 20, 21.
Largely excavated umbilicated, with two funicular ridges ;
purple-white, with five or six white bands bearing angular or
sagittate chestnut markings, interior chocolate-tinged.
Length, 15-22 mill.
Azores j Southern Europe, Mediterranean Sea.
N. fasciata, Risso, N. grisea, Requien, N. Valenciennesii,
Payr., are synonyms.
Section MAMMA, Klein, 1753.
N. DEIODOSA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 36.
Depressed ovate, spire minute, body-whorl flattened beneath,
the umbilicus filled by a heavy white callus ; whorls smooth,
striate, pale straw-color. Length, 1 % 75 inches.
Australia.
Differs in form and umbilicus from N. aurantia, Lam.
N. AURANTIA, Lam. PI. 15, figs. 39-41, 37.
Thick, ponderous, body-whorl comically sloping above and a
little constricted in old specimens ; orange-brown; callus heavy,
ivory-white, in adults usually entirely filling the umbilicus.
Length, 2 inches.
Singapore, Moluccas, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia.
Yar. MITTREI, Hombr. and Jacq. (fig. 37), is a specimen in which
the umbilicus is not entirely filled by callus ; A', cifrina,
Phil. (fig. 41), appears to be a similar form.
Var. STRAMINEA, Recluz. Fig. 40.
Color straw-yellow, varying to yellowish white.
N. POWTSIANA, Recluz. PI. 15, fig. 42 ; PL 19, fig. 92 ; PL 20,
figs. 99, 100.
Openly obliquely umbilicated, columellar lip with a heavy
white callus overhanging a central broad entering funiculum ;
whitish or yellowish white, usually overlaid on the body-whorl,
NATICA. 43
except near the suture and at the base with orange-brown, the
latter sometimes evanescent in places, or obscurely banded.
Length, 1-75-2-25 inches.
China, Moluccas.
X. Cumingiana, Recluz (fig. 99), and ? X. poZfc'ttm, Reclaz, and
N. Draparnaudi, Recluz (fig. 100), are synonyms. N. eff'usa,
Swains, (fig. 92), is probably a pale-colored variety.
X. RAVIDA, Souleyet. PL 15, fig. 38.
Deeply perspective!}- umbilicated, globose, very solid, body-
whorl slightly obliquely flattened above ; white, covered with
a thin, rough, horny j'ellowish epidermis, columellar callus very
strong, white. Length, 28 mill.
Payta, Peru (Souleyet) ; St. Elena, W. Columbia (Cuming).
X. ORIENTALIS, Gmelin. PL 20, figs. 1, 2.
Widely globose, plicate at the deep suture; umbilicus broad,
with a white central entering callus, aperture produced below ;
orange-brown, vaiying to yellowish white.
Length, 1-5-1-75 inches.
Singapore.
It is JN r . eburnea, Desh., X. subfulva, Chemn.
X. MAMILLAHIS, Lam. PL 18, fig. 74.
Conic ovate, deeply umbilicated, with a broad entering callus,
flesh-brown or orange-brown, base and columellar callus white.
Length, 2 inches.
West Indies, Caribbean coasts of Central and South
America, Baliia, Brazil.
It is ^T. brunnea, Linck,and -N. Balnensis, Recluz. N. pallium
of the latter author (p. 42), which I have made a doubtful syno-
nym of N. Pou'lisiana, may belong here ; it closely resembles
the present species, but the locality differs widety.
X. OTIS, Brod. and Sowb. PL 17, figs. 72, 70, 71; PL 19, fig. 91;
PL 12, fig. 2.
Conic ovate, yellowish white or light mouse-color, with a yel-
lowish or orange band at the suture; umbilicus open, chestnut-
brown, together with the central entering callus ; interior of
aperture chestnut-color. Length, 1-1-75 inches.
Gallapagos Is. to Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal.
44 NATICA.
N. Gallapagosa (fig. 71); N. perspicua (fig. 91); -V. Salango-
ensis (fig. 70) of Recluz, and V&r.fusca, Carpenter (fig. 2), are
synonyms.
N. BIFASCTATA, Gray. PI. 18, fig. 75.
Light fawn-brown, white next the suture and around the um-
bilicus, with two narrow white bands ; umbilicus narrow, chestnut-
brown, partly covered above with the brown-tinged columellar
callus; interior light flesh- or chocolate-brown, showing the bands.
Length, 1'25-1*75 inches.
Acapulco, Guaymaa, Gape St. Lucas, L. Calif.
N. SUFFUSA, Reeve. PI. 19, fig. 87.
Conic ovate, solid, smooth, transparent white, here and there
opaque, tinged with violet towards the apex ; columellar callosity
violet, nearty covering the umbilicus. Length, 12 mill.
New Ireland.
Is probably a variety only of N. mamilla ; but I have not
seen the species.
N. CONICA, Lam. PL 18, figs. 76, 77.
Elongated conical-ovate, a little compressed and whitish or
orange-tinted at the suture ; balance gf shell fulvous ash-color,
fading to white at the base ; columellar callus heavy, almost
filling the umbilicus which, with the callus, is more or less
tinged with chestnut-color. Length, r25-l*75 inches.
So. Australia.
N. ustulata, Sowb. (fig. 77) appears to be only a slight variety.
N. PYRAMIS, Keeve. PI. 17, fig. 68.
Solid, conical ovate, whitish or yellowish-white ; columellar
callus thick, white, partl} r covering the narrow umbilicus.
Length, 28 mill.
Australia.
I think this will prove to be an uncolored form of the pre-
ceding species.
N. PLUMBEA, Lam. PL 18, figs. 78, 79 ; PL 19, fig. 88.
Conically ovate, rather solid, growth striae ruguse at the suture ;
leaden gray, lighter or orange-banded at the suture ; umbilicus
NATICA. 45
moderate and, with the columellar callus tinted with orange-
brown; interior chestnut-colored. Length, 1-5-2 inches.
Australia, New Zealand.
The form is less conical, the color deeper, the umbilicus more
open than in N. conica.
N. microstoma, Quoy (fig. 79), is probably a synonym, and N.
sordida, Swainson, certainly is. I figure a form called by Gray
N. sordida, var. globosa (fig. 88).
N. LEUCOPEUEA, Reeve. PI. 18, figs. 82, 80.
Differs from N.plumbea only in its more globose form, and more
open umbilicus ; coloring similar. Length, 1-25 inches.
Australia.
Probably only a variety of N. plumbea. N. Strangei, Reeve
(fig. 80), appears to be identical.
N. MELASTOMA, Swainson. PL 18, fig. 81 ; PI. 19, fig. 90 ; PI. 21,
fig. 8.
Obliquely ovate, slightly concave at the suture ; olivaceous,
with a whitish sutural space bearing an indistinct darker band ;
umbilicus widely excavated, and filled up with a heavy chestnut-
colored callus; interior chocolate brown. Length, 1 '25 inches.
Australia.
Partakes of the characters of Neverita, and appears to be
somewhat closely related to N. Incei, Reeve, belonging to that
group. N. sanguinolenta, Desh. (fig. '8), is a synonym.
N. DUNKERI, Phil. PL 21, fig. 7.
Rather solid, smooth, yellowish gray, light-banded at the
suture, and with indistinct darker bands on the last whorl ;
umbilical region defined by an angle, umbilicus completely filled
by the white columellar callus. Length, 17 mill.
Habitat unknown.
This species is placed here because Philippi compares it with
N. melastoma ; I cannot see any resemblance between the two.
N. Dunkeri has not been recognized by subsequent authors.
N. SOLIDA, Blainv. PL 20, fig. 98.
Thick, smooth, fulvous or chestnut-brown, with a rather broad
lighter band at the suture, and another below the periphery ;
46 NATICA.
columellar callus chocolate-colored, broadly reflected, nearly
covering the similarly colored narrow umbilicus.
Length, 30 mill.
Singapore, Philippines.
The synonyms are N. lupinus, Desh.; N. melanostoma, var. of
Gmelin, and N. cinnamomea, Menke.
N. INTEMERATA, Phil. PL 18, fig. 83 ; PI. 19, fig. 93.
White, deeply mnbilicated with a central obtuse entering
callus. Length, 1'5 inches.
Mazatlan.
N. alabaster, Reeve (fig. 93), is identical. Carpenter thinks it
a variety of N. uber, Val.; this is not unlikely, but if so, it estab-
lishes a range of variation in form, umbilicus and callus, which
may reduce the white Mammas to a single species.
N. CANDIDISSIMA, Le Guillou. PI. 16, fig. 49 ; PL 19, fig. 95.
Globosely neritoid, very solid, whorls polished, ivory-white;
callus broad, slightly entering the rather wide umbilicus.
Length, 33 mill.
Moluccas, North Australia.
Is N. Jukesii, Reeve (fig. 95) == N. candidissima, Recluz.
N. PIIYTELEPHAS, Reeve. PL 19, fig. 97.
Globosely ovate, with sharp spire and linear suture ; white,
under a very thin horny white epidermis showing indistinct
revolving lines ; umbilicus compressed, with a slight central
entering callus, the columellar callus above often obsoletely
divided by spiral depressions. Length, 1-25 inches.
Australia.
Perhaps not distinct from N. candidissima.
N. UNIMACULATA, Reeve. PL 19, fig. 96.
Pyriform ovate, compressly umbilicated ; white, under a very
thin horny white epidermis ; columellar callus white, with a
central projection entering the umbilicus, and chestnut-spotted
on the face. Length, 1-25-1 "5 inches.
Panama, Mazatlan.
N". ZOOLOGICA, Jousseaume. PL 20, fig. 3.
Somewhat inflated, solid, white ; angulated around the widely
open umbilicus ; columellar callus rather narrow, chestnut tinged
below. Length, 57 mill.
Hab. unknown.
NATICA. 47
Related by its coloring with the preceding species, from which
it differs in form and in its much wider umbilicus.
N. CASTA, Phil. PI. 17, fig. 63.
Whorls obliquely flattened above, angulated around the rather
wide umbilicus ; columellar callus moderate, entering the um-
bilicus ; white. Length, 1-5 inches.
Hab. unknown.
Distinguished from the other species of the group by the wide
umbilicus and sloping form of the body-whorl.
N. ALBUMEN, Linn. PI. 20, fig. 5.
Obliquely depressed, orange-brown ; umbilicus very wide,
bordered b} r an angle, white, with a strong central entering
callus. Length, 1-5-2 inches.
Singapore, Moluccas, Philippines.
X. COLUMNARIS, Rccluz. PI. 20, fig, 4.
Widely globose, pure white, polished, base strongly angulated
around the very large umbilicus, which bears a slight spiral
ridge and is more or less filled by a strong, broad central enter-
ing callus. Length, 1/5-2 inches.
Philippines, Mauritius.
It is N. pes-elephantis, Chemn., and probably N. funiculata,
Reel.
N. DUBIA, Recluz. PL 1C, fig. 50 ; PL 17, fig. 67 ; PL 18, fig. 73 ;
PL 19, fig. 94.
Thick, with small spire and but slightly marked suture; white
under a slight yellowish white epidermis ; umbilicus narrow,
bounded by an almost cord-like angle, in the adult nearly filled
by an entering callus, at which place the columellar lip often is
cut into one or two mamillary callous deposits.
Length, 1-25-1-75 inches.
Chili, Peru.
N. Atacamensis, Phil. (fig. 94), N. amiculata, Phil. (fig. 73),
and N. rapulum, Reeve (fig. 67), are S3'nonyms.
N. CORA, d'Orb. PL 19, fig. 86 ; PL 16, fig. 58 ; PL 19, fig. 84.
Shell thick, conical ovate, body-whorl obliquely flattened
above ; umbilicus narrow and deep, bounded by a ridge, partly
48 NATICA.
contracted by the broad, thick callus ; white, under a thin
yellowish white epidermis. Length, 18 mill.
W. Coast of South America.
A species of no marked character ; perhaps not distinct from
N. uber, Val. N. elongata, Troschel (fig. 84) appears to be
identical.
N. UBER, Val. PL IT, figs. 61, 66.
Shell white, polished, under an extremely deciduous thin
epidermis, columella densely enameled, usually covering the
upper part of the narrow, deep umbilicus. Length, 1-1*5 inches.
Peru, Panama, Mazatlan.
Carpenter wrote of this shell : " The extreme forms of this
species are so dissimilar as to have warranted their separation.
An examination of some hundreds of specimens, however,
shows that there is no consistency in the types. The shell is
either thin or heavy ; snbglobular or very transverse ; with the
umbilicus quite open, or reduced by the callosity to a mere
chink ; the callus varying greatly in shape and intensity. The
callosity projects considerably beyond the aperture, leaving a
sutural groove. Umbilicus more or less slightly spiral."
Carpenter includes N. uberina of Adams' Genera, N. ovum,
Menke, and N. rapulum, Reeve ; also, somewhat doubtfully, N.
alabaster, Reeve which I have described separately. To this
list is to be added N. virginea, Recluz (fig. 66), and possibly
several of the species from western South America dubia,
Recluz, cora, d'Orb., etc. Finally, I can distinguish forms of
N. uber from the Polynesian and East Indian N. mamilla in no
way except by habitat.
N. PINAMENSIS, Recluz. PL 17, fig. 60.
Compressed on the sides into a quadrangularly ovate form ;
white, under a deciduous horn-colored epidermis ; umbilicus
narrow, nearly filled by the columellar callus.
Length, 1-5-2 inches.
Panama.
The peculiar form described above appears to be characteristic
of the species.
NAT 1C A. 49
N. LACTEA, Guilcling. PL 16, figs. 54-57, 59, 52 ; PI. 15, fig. 45 ;
PL 17, fig. 62; PL 19, fig. 85.
Ovate, body-whorl a little slopingly flattened above, white,
usually clothed with a thin yellowish epidermis ; umbilicus
moderate, partly filled with an entering callus which is often
in distinguish ably joined to the callus above. Length, 1 inch.
West Indies, Canary Islands, Brazil, Cape Horn.
The form appears to be moderately constant, and the epidermis
is more persistent than in the other species ; otherwise than in
the latter particular it is undistinguishable from N. uber, of the
Pacific Coast of X. America.
The synonymy includes N. Caribaea, Phil. (fig. 56) ; N. nitida,
Donovan ; N. uberina, d'Orb. (fig. 57) ; N. Pfeifferi, Phil. (fig.
45) = N. pes-elephantis, Pfr., not Chemn. ; N. porcellana, d'Orb.
(fig. 55), from the Canary Islands; N. puella, Phil. (fig. 85), an
elongated variety, very like the N. corn,, of West Coast of So.
America ; N. puerilis, Gould (fig. 59), from the same region as
N. porcellana and N. Philippiana, Xyst (fig. 62) = N. acuta,
Phil., preoccupied.
Yar. OCHROSTOMA, Recluz. Fig. 52.
Aperture and columellar callus light ochraceous.
N. MAMILLA, Linn. PL 16, figs. 46, 48; PL 15, fig. 43; PL 17,
figs. 65, 69.
Conically ovate, smooth, white, shining, body-whorl slopingly
flattened above ; columellar callus very thick, entirely covering
the umbilicus. Length, 1 '5-2*5 inches.
East Indies, Philippines, N. Caledonia,
Central Polynesia, etc.
The synonymy includes N. pyriformis (fig. 48) and N. inter-
media, of Recluz ; N. virginea (fig. 69), and N. vestalis (fig. 43)
of Philippi, and N. alveata, Troschel (fig. 65), said to have been
collected on the Peruvian coast.
X. ALBULA, Recluz. PL 16, fig. 47.
Depressly globose, subventricose, whorls somewhat squarely
convex, polished, obsoletely grooved-striated, white ; columella
densely callous, filling the umbilicus. Length, 2 inches.
Philippines.
Perhaps only a variety of N. mamilla, Linn.
4
50 NATICA.
N. FLEMINGIANA, Recluz. PI. 16, figs. 51, 53 ; PL 15, fig. 44.
Conically ovate, white, with a dense callosity almost covering
the umbilicus. Length, 1-1*5 inches.
China, Philippines, Australia, Viti Islands, etc.
Only distinguished from N. mamilla by its umbilicus, and
probably a form of that species. N. Vavaosi, Le Guillou (fig.
44), and N. galactites, Phil. (fig. 53), are synonyms.
N. GLABELLA, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 10, 11.
Narrowly deeply umbilicated, subfusiformly oblong, rather
s*olid ; columella with a broadly reflected callosity above ; trans-
parent white, flesh-tinged, callosit}^ flesh-colored. Length, 13 mill.
Hob. unknown.
Reeve figures this as a reversed species, but does not so describe
it; Sowerby's figure is dextral.
Section MAMILLA, Schum., 1817.
N. MELANOSTOMA, Gmel. PI. 21, figs. 13-18 ; PI. 22, fig. 21.
Smooth, polished, with obsolete engraved spiral lines; llcsli-
white, obscurely banded with light flesh-brown, columella and
umbilicus chocolate-colored. Length, l'5-2 inches.
East Indies, Philippines, Western Polynesia,
Mauritius, Madagascar.
The above diagnosis will define the species in a restricted
sense ; the variations of form and coloring are numerous, and it
would be easy to include most of the other species as varieties
at the most.
N. opaca, Recluz is a synonym.
Yar. ZANZEBARTCA, Recluz. Fig. 15.
Shell a little more quadrangular in shape than the type, the
striae more strongly impressed, the brown bands broken up into
series of irregular longitudinal markings.
Yar. MELANOSTOMOIDES, Quoy. Figs. 16, 21.
Founded on thin, young specimens, with the bands broken up
into chestnut spots, frequently becoming obsolete. Washed-out
specimens of this form are N. Sebse, Souleyet (fig. 16). Very
probably the unfigured N. bicincta, Recluz, is also an example of
this variety. *
NATICA. 51
Var. FIBROSA, Souleyct. Fig. It.
The spiral bands distinct.
Var. SUCCINEOIDES, Reeve. Fig. 18.
Shell white, without markings, columelhi and umbilicus
chocolate-colored.
N. SIMMS, Dcsh. PI 21, figs. 19, 20.
Flesh-white, marbled with fawn-colored or light olivaceous
rather obscure markings, with three or four revolving series of
short irregular chestnut streaks and spots ; umbilicus and colu-
niella chocolate-colored. Length, 1-2 inches.
Philippines, New Zealand, Viti Islands.
Embraces N. simioides, Recluz, of Reeve, and probably N.
Samarensis, Recluz both of them unfigured. N. Bernardii,
Recluz (fig. 20), appears to be a slight color- variety. Its habitat
is " ? Gulf of Mexico," doubtless an error.
X. FJLOSA, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 22.
Shell decussated by rather rugose growth-lines, and very close
fine waved revolving striae ; whitish, obscurely wide-banded with
faded chestnut, columella and umbilicus chocolate-colored.
Length, 1*5 inches. Australia.
Very like N. melanostoma in form and coloring, but has not
the polished surface of the latter species, and is immediately
recognized by the very close thread-like revolving striae.
N. PRIAMUS, Recluz. PI. 22, fig. 23.
Thin, inflated, polished, pale chestnut- or fawn-color, with two
spiral series of small chestnut spots ; callus thin, but filling the
umbilicus, chocolate-colored. Length, T5 inches.
Moluccas.
X. MAURA, Brng. PI. 22, fig. 24.
Polished, chestnut- to chocolate-colored, obliquely strigate with
darker color ; columella and umbilicus chocolate-colored ; aper-
ture brownish white. Length, 1*5-2 inches.
Philippines.
E. MACROSTOMA, Phil. PI. 22, fig. 25.
Globosely swollen, polished; white, here and there strigate
with chestnut, and with two bands of chestnut spots and streaks.
Length, 1*5 inches. Habitat unknown.
52 NATICA.
N. UMBILICATA, Quoy. PL 22, fig. 26.
Shell thin, inflated, largely, obliquely, excavately urn bi Heated,
obscurely decussately striated ; subtranspurent white with zigzag
longitudinal light chestnut markings, often interrupted to make
spiral series. Length, '75 inch.
So. Australia.
N. globosa, Tenison-Woods is a synonym.
N. MACROTREMA, Ad. and Reeve. PL 22, fig. 27.
Smooth, thin, very largely excavately umbilicated ; greenish
white. Length, 1 inch.
Borneo.
Perhaps a faded condition of the preceding species.
Subgenus AMPULLINA, Lam., Defrance, 1821.
N. FLUCTUATA, Sowb. PL 22, fig. 28.
Obliquely globose, rather thin, polished ; light fawn-color,
obscurely darker banded, overlaid with zigzag white streaks ;
columella white, densely callous, bordered with chestnut, com-
pletely overlaying the umbilicus; interior whitish, interruptedly
banded with light chestnut. Length, 2-2-5 inches.
Philippines.
It is N. imperforata, Jay. .
Subgenus AMAURA, Moller, 1842.
N. CANDIDA, Moller. PL 22, fig. 29.
Thin, imperforate, bulimiform, with considerably elevated
spire ; white, under a thin epidermis. Length, 12 mill.
Greenland.
Section ACRYBIA, H. & A. Adams, 1853.
N. FLAVA, Gould. PL 22, fig. 30.
Shell thin, subglobose ; aperture large, columella sinuous, a
little dilated above, umbilicus none ; white, under a thin straw-
colored epidermis. Length, 1 inch.
Maine, Newfoundland, northwards ;
Finmark, Nova Zembla.
N, aperta, Loven, and N. Smithii^ Brown, are identical.
NATICA. 53
Section AMAUROPSIS, Morch, 1851.
X. HELICOIDES, Johnson. PL 22, fig. 31.
Thin, with channeled suture ; umbilicus a narrow line ; chalk} r
white, covered with a light yellowish brown epidermis.
Length, 1-1*5 inches.
Newfoundland, Arctic Oeean, Norway, Siberia.
It is N. canaliculata, Gould, N.fragilis, Leach, N. cornea,
Moller, and perhaps N. Islandica, Gmelin.
N. PURPUREA, Dall. PI. 22, fig. 32.
Suture channeled, umbilicus a mere chink or closed, inner lip
with a thin callus ; whorls 4, inflated, with fine revolving grooves ;
purplish brown, under a yellowish epidermis. Length, 1 inch.
Alaska.
Differs from the preceding species in sculpture and color, and
is usually more globose.
N. GLOBULUS, Angas. PL 22, fig. 33.
Rimate, rather thin, shining; orange horn-color, much paler
on the last whorl towards the aperture ; two narrow concentric
raised keels on the subapical whorl ; nearly smooth, a few
microscopical spiral stride here and there crossing the growth-
lines ; columella slightly thickened and expanded over the um-
bilicus. Length, 5 mill.
Holdfast Bay, So. Australia.
The pertinence of this species to Amauropsis is very ques-
tionable.
Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Ad., 1867.
The species, three in number, are unfigured : N. Japonica,
N. glabrata and N. semistriata, A. Ad.
Japan.
Unfigured and Undetermined Species.
X. RUSSA (Arctic Ocean) and N. SEVERA (Japan), of Gould.
N. PHILIPPINENSIS (Philippines), N. ATRYPA ( W. of Gape York,
S. W. of Papua), X. PSEUSTES (Fiji Islands), X. SUTURALIS
(Kerguelen IsL), X. RAD i AT A (Bermuda), X. AMPHIALA (E. N.
E.from N. Zealand), X. LEPTALEA ( West Indies). X. XANTHA
54 RUMELLA.
(near Kerguelen 7s/.), N. PRASINA (Kerguelen 7s/.), N. FAR-
TILIS (Kerguelen 7s/.), N. APORA (Off Arm Islands), N. AM-
PHIALA (= N. VITREA, Hutton, N. Zealand), all of Watson.
N. AUSTRALIS and N. VITREA, Hutton. New Zealand.
N. PARVULA, Tapparone-Canefri. Paj$ua.
N. NUCAHIVENSIS, Jarclin. Marquesas.
N. GRISEA, N. SCULPTA and N. PERSCALPTA, Martens.
Kerguelen's Isl.
N. MALABARICA (Malabar), N. TOURNEFORTI (Seychelles), N.
PUNCTICULATA and N". ALEXANDRIA (Hab.?), of Recluz,
N. UNDATA and N. PUTAMEN, Meuschen (Adams' Genera).
y. ALBA, Potiez et Mich. Hob. ?
.N. STRIATA, Anton. Hab. ?
N. FRINGILLA, Dall. West Indies.
N. APERTA, Sowb. Hab. ?
N. PARVULA (Borneo), and N. SANDALINA (Sandalwood Say), of
Le Gnillou.
N. AFFINIS, Graelin. Northern Seas.
N. QUADRIFASCIATA, Gray. Hab. ?
N. RHODOCHEILA (New Caledonia), and N. MORCHI (Australia) of
Ads. and Reeve.
N. OBTURATA, Phil. Magellan's Strait.
N. SEMIPELLUCIDA, N. FABA, N. CAFFRA, X. OBLIQUATA, Marrat.
W. Coast of Africa.
N. SERTATA and N. SAGITTATA, Menke. Australia.
N. NANA, N.GLOBOSA, N. TASMANiCA, Tenisoii-Woods. Tasmania.
N. BEDDOMEI, Johnston (N. POLITA, Tenison- Woods in part).
Tasmania.
N. SUBCOSTATA, Tenisoii-Woods. Australia.
Genus RUMELLA, Bourguignat, 1885.
According to Bourguignat, the Naticidas are added to the
remarkable assemblage of marine forms inhabiting Lake Tanga-
nika in Central Africa. No figures of the shells have been
published, nor are the animal and operculnm known. Two
species have been described
R. GIRAUDI and R. MILNE-EDWARDSIANA, Bourg. L. Tanganika.
SIGARETUS. 55
Genus SIGARETUS, Lam., It 99.
Typical Species.
S. CONCAVUS, Lamarck. PL 23, figs. 36, 37 ; PL 22, fig. 34.
Fawn-colored, with thin white columellar callus reflected over
the umbilicus ; interior chestnut-brown. Diam. 1*5-2 inches.
Peru, Chili . San Pedro, California.
I have before me a specimen collected living at the latter
locality by Mrs. A. E. Bush. The synonyms are S. maximus,
Phil. ; S. cymba, Menke ; S. Grayi, Desh ; S. neritoides, Recluz,
non Linn. ; ? S. latifasciatus, Reeve, not Ads. and Reeve ; S.
haliotoideus, Reeve, not Linn (fig. 34). According to Dunker,
this species occurs also on the West Coast of Africa.
S. NERITOIDEUS, Linn. PL 22, figs. 35, 38-40.
Less globose than the preceding species, and showing less of
the body-whorl below. Diam. 1*25-1 '75 inches.
East Indies.
S. latifasciatus, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 38) ; S. Javanicus, Gray
(fig. 39) ; S. insculptus, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 40), and S. Leachii,
Phil., are synonyms.
S. JAPONICUS, Lischke. PL 23, figs. 44-46.
Convex, spire somewhat prominent, solid, with slight spiral
striae, scarcely undulated, the interstices alternating broader
and narrower, whitish. Diam. 21 mill.
Japan.
Differs a little in form from the preceding species, of which it
may be only a variety, or even a synonym.
S. L^EVIGATUS, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 47-51.
Convex, thin, translucent white, sometimes obsoletely fasciate
with chestnut, very finely undulately striate, almost smooth.
Diam. 1-5 inches.
Indian Ocean, Java, Australia.
The synonyms are S. Australis, Hanley (fig. 50), S. zonalis,
Quoy (fig. 57).
S. CUVIERIANUS, Recluz. PL 24, figs. 55, 56.
Depressed ovate, spire small, rather prominent, spirally corded
throughout; white, spire flesh-colored. Diam. 28 mill.
Philippines,
5G SIGARETUS.
S. EXIMIUS, Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 52-54.
Convex, thin, oblique, opaque white, whorls densely spirally
corded. Diam. 15-20 mill.
Malacca, Australia.
S. argenteus, Reeve (fig. 54), from Australia, appears to be
identical.
S. MARTINIANUS, Phil. PL 23, figs. 41-43.
Convexly curved, rather solid, whorls slightly concavel}'
impressed round the suture, spirally wave-striated, growth-lines
somewhat rugose; chestnut-brown, vary ing in intensity and some-
times obsoletely banded, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis?
becoming whitish on the base, interior chestnut-tinted.
Diam. 1'5 inches.
West Indies.
This is S. zonatus, d'Orb., S. m.aculatus, S. Fetiti, S. Listeri,
and very probably S. unifasciatus (fig. 43), of Recluz.
S. MACULATUS, Say. PI. 24. figs. 5t, 58.
Globosely depressed, finely spirally striated ; yellowish white,
yellowish chestnut at the suture, and bearing on the body-whorl
two spiral series of spots or maculations. Diam. 1*25 inches.
Florida.
In the young shell, as described and figured by Say (fig. 58)
the maculations are more distinct and regular than in the adult.
The species is still a rare one in collections ; it may eventually
prove to be only a variety of the preceding one.
S. BIFASCIATUS, Recluz PL 24, figs. 59, GO.
Flatly depressed, finely undulately waved-striated ; whitish
under a yellowish epidermis, with two interrupted bands or series
of maculations of chestnut-brown color. Diam., 17*5 mill.
Guinea, W. Africa.
S. Menkeanus, Dunker, is a synonym. Distinguished at once
from the foregoing species by its dorsal flattening.
S. SINUATUS, Recluz. PL 24, figs. 62, 63.
Auriform, convex, thin, pellucid, white, undulately striate.
Diam., 29 mill. Red Sea.
SIGARETUS. 57
S. PERSPECTIVE, Say. PL 24, figs. 61, 64.
More or less flatly convex, white under a light yellowish epi-
dermis, dorsally covered with slightly waved spiral striae, base
flattened. Diam., 1'5 inches.
New Jersey (rare), North Carolina to West Indies.
Say has compared his species with S. Leachii, Blainv., and
several authors have identified it with that species ; but the latter
is really indeterminable, and has accordingly been variously
interpreted. The synonymy easily includes the following: S.
depressus, Phil., a West Indian species ; S. Antillarum, Recluz,
perhaps S. halioitoideus of Lamarck and some other authors (not
Linnaeus), and Cryptostoma Carolinum of Cuvier. The prob-
lematical S. LeacMi, Blainv., may possibly be here referred.
S. DEBILTS, Gould. PL 24, fig. 65.
Flatly convex, spirall}- striate above, smooth below, a little
depressed round the suture ; white, more or less stained with
rusty yellow. Diam., 28 mill.
Lower California.
I cannot detect any difference in the shell between this species
and S. perspectivus.
S. PHTLIPPII, Weinkauff. PL 24, figs. 66-68.
Shell small, white, spirally slightly lindulately striate.
Diam., 18 mill.
Mediterranean.
This is S. haliotoideus, Philippi, not Linnaeus, and bears several
additional names in its fossil condition, if these fossil forms
really are the same species. Some authors have identified the
Linnaean S. haliotoideus as this species, but it is indeterminable.
It would be difficult to point out any good distinctive characters
between this and the preceding and following species.
S. INCISUS, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 69 ; PL 25, figs. 70-72.
Dorsally flatly depressed, strongly spirally striated, striae
slightly undulated ; white. Diam., 1-1*5 inches.
Straits of Malacca, Japan.
Differs from S. perspectivus in locality only ; a comparison of
the characters of the voluminous soft-parts of these animals will
be necessary in order to definitely decide upon the validity of
58 StGARETUS.
the species. S. undulatus, Lischke (figs. 70-72) appears to me
to be very similar.
S. DELESSERTI, Recluz. PL 25, figs. 73, 74.
Plano-convex, thin, pellucid, yellowish chestnut, somewhat
zoned, interior chestnut-colored. Diam., 32 mill.
Philippines.
Dr. Weinkauff refers to this species a shell with a well-defined
chestnut-band (fig. 74); he thinks it scarcely distinguishable from
S. laevigatus, Lam.
S. PLANULATUS, Recluz. PI. 25, figs. 75-77.
Much flattened on the dorsal side, white, under a veiy thin
yellowish epidermis, smooth, or with obsolete or very slight
spiral striae. Diam., 1 '25-1 '5 inches.
Zanzibar, Philippines, Australia.
Distinguished by its smooth flattened surface. It is S. plan '/x,
Phil., S. Gualterianus, Recluz, S. lacteus, Recluz (fig. 77), S.
Indica, Gray.
Section EUNATICINA, Fischer, 1885.
S. PAPILLA, Gmelin. PI. 25, figs. 78, 79, 87, 88.
Whitish, under a yellowish epidermis, moderately umbilicatcd,
spirally engraved. Length, 33 mill.
Tranquebar, Moluccas, Japan, Philippines.
It is S. costulatus, Quoy and Gaimard, S. acuminatns, Ad. and
Reeve. The following appear to me to be only varieties : S.
coarctatus, Reeve (fig. 79), S. nitidus, Reeve (fig. 87), S. acumin-
atus, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 88).
S. TUMESCENS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 82.
Rather thin, ventricose, body-whorl not slopingly flattened.
Length, 1 inch.
IIab. unknown.
Probably only a variety of the preceding species.
S. OBLONGUS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 83.
Resembles S. papilla in form, but the sculpture instead of
incised linear grooves, consists of numerous raised threads.
Length, 30 mill.
Ifab. unknown,
Yery doubtfully distinct from S. papilla.
SIGARETUS. 59
S. PELLUCIDUS, Reeve. PL 25, fig. 84.
Rather solid, deeply umbilicated, transparent white, spirally
linearly incised, grooves stronger next the. suture.
Length, 12 mill.
Malacca.
S. MAMILLABIS, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 85, 86.
Umbilicated, rather thick, white, spirally remotely sulcate,
suture channeled. Length, 1 inch.
Seychelles, Madagascar ?
S. LINNEANUS, Recluz. PL 25, figs. 89, 90.
Umbilicated, thin, white, narrowly regularly spirally grooved,
pellucid. Length, 22 mill.
Sunda Islands, Philippines.
S. Lamarckianus, Recluz (fig. 90), and probably S. cancellatus,
Swains, (not described), are synonyms.
S. FIBULA, Reeve. PL 25, fig. 91.
Rather solid, umbilicated, white, whorls slopingly flattened
above, then gibbose, smooth, or obliquely minutely striate.
Length, 14 mill.
Singapore.
Probably an immature shell, perhaps of mamillari*.
S. PICTUS, Reeve. PL 25, fig. 92.
Rather thin, deeply umbilicated, smooth, shining, white, with
obscure revolving bands of short, longitudinal chestnut mark-
ings. Length, 1 inch.
Adelaide, So. Australia.
Un figured and Undetermined Species.
S. SOUVERBIEI, Folin. This is merely an embryonic shell, 3'5
mill, diameter. It is useless to reproduce the figure.
S. CAROLINUS, Dufo. Seychelles Is.
S. HELTCOIDES, Guillou. Amboina.
S. AUSTRALIS, D unker. Australia.
S. LUCIDUS, Gould. North China.
S. FILTCATUS, Mighels. Zanzibar.
60 LAMELLARIA.
Subfamily IT. Lamellariidse.
Genus LAMELLARIA, Montagu, 1815.
The monographic and anatomical study of this group of shells,
by Bergh (Mem. Acad. Copenhagen, v, ser. iii, 1853), may be
consulted with advantage by the student.
L. LATENS, Miiller. PL 26, figs. 93-95, 98.
Shell thin, white, semipellucid, smooth, shining.
Length, 12 mill.
Norway, Great Britain.
The animal has a depressed mantle, a little convex over the
shell , rather smooth, sparsely spotted with brown , densely radiately
striate below. Sigaretus Stromii, Sars, is a synonym, and I
think that L, tentaculata (Montagu), Forbes, and Hanley (fig.
98), also belongs here, as well as L. stomatella, Risso.
L. PERSPICUA, Linn. PL 26, figs. 96, 97, 99.
Shell haliotiform, polished, outer lip somewhat contracted
above. Length, 16 mill.
Europe.
Animal lemon-colored with oval clear specks or else tessellated
with milk-white, or reddish brown with irregular yellow dots ;
mantle with large tubercles, each surrounded by a border of flake-
white, and having a small dark central speck.
Yar. LATA. Fig. 99.
Shell smaller, broader, more compressed, but not flattened nor
contracted in front. This variet}^ says Dr. Jeffreys, may possibly
equal the preceding species.
The male and female differ somewhat, and have been separated
as distinct species. The synonymy includes also L. ampul! ace.a,
Maravigna ; L. haliotoidea, Miiller, etc. (not Linn.) ; L. Morelli,
Chiaje ; L. Kindelmaniana, Mich. ; L. producta, Leach ; L.com-
planata, Leach ; L. convexa, Bouchard ; L. Audouini, Cantr. ;
L. zonifera, Bergh (fig. 99) ; L. neritoidea, L. Adansonii, and
L.flava, Chiaje.
For a description of the habits of this mollusk see " Structural
and Systematic Conchology," ii, 208.
LAMELLARIA. 61
L. PELLUCIDA, Verrill. PI. 26, fig. 100.
Shell ovate, with oblique spire, delicate, transparent, smooth ;
aperture broad, ovate, not showing the interior of the spire
except from an endwise view. Length, 12-16 mill.
Martha's Vineyard, Mass.; off Delaware Bay, 86-208 fms.
Animal yellowish brown, mottled with darker, broad elliptical,
swollen, without tubercles on the back.
Var. GOULDII, Verrill.
Shell a little shorter, broader, with the spire lower, the apex
less elevated, and suture less impressed ; last whorl more ventri-
cose, and the outer lip and aperture more broadly rounded.
Mantle shorter, broader and higher, with more or less numerous
low verrucas on the dorsal surface ; pale yellow or yellowish
white, more or less blotched or speckled with brown, flake-white
and yellow. Prof. Yen-ill thinks that part of the differences in
the soft parts arise from contraction in alcohol ; some specimens
are intermediate.
L. TENUIS, Jeffreys. PI. 26, figs. 1, 2.
Thin, fragile, semitransparent, glossy, white, microscopically
spirally striate, base with a small but distinct umbilicus.
Length, 2'5 mill.
St. 16, Atlantic 0. (Porcupine Expedition).
This 3'oung shell is scarcely a Lamellaria ; at least, I know of
no other species having an umbilicus.
L. ANTARCTICA, Couthouy. PI. 26, figs. 3,4.
Shell not observed. Animal with back reticulated on an
orange-brown surface, the reticulating lines bordered with white
dots, and the intervals covered with larger ones of bright yellow;
under side of mantle rose-color, narrowly margined with dark
red ; foot lemon-color, paler towards the middle.
Length, 1'6 inches.
Orange Harbor, Patagonia.
L. PR^TENUIS, Couthouy. PI. 26, fig. 5.
Back of animal greenish ochraceous, longitudinally wrinkled,
with a short cinereous pubescence ; under side of mantle and
foot light brownish yellow. Length, 1'25 inches.
Shell not observed.
Orange Harbor, Patagonia.
62 LAMELLARIA.
L. PATAGONICA, Smith. PI. 26, figs, 6-8.
Shell large, very fragile, transparent hyaline, with a slight
milky cloudiness, showing very fine growth-striae ; whorls 3J,
suture deep. Diam., 1 inch. Mantle dirty yellow, with lines
and blotches of light vandyke brown, the under surface around
the foot marked with light-colored striae.
Patagonia.
Is possibly identical with L. Antarctica, Couth.
Section CHELYNOTUS, Swains.
L. TONGANA, Quoy and Gaimard. PL 26, fig. 11 ; PI. 27, figs.
14-16, 18.
Shell shining white, pellucid, margin brown. Length, 28 mill.
Animal with a thick mantle, tuberculate, the tubercles large,
subhexagonal, black, anteriorly produced and bifid ; foot narrow,
brownish. Length, 85 mill.
Tonga Tabou.
This and several following species belong to a section charac-
terized by the produced anterior portion of the mantle and
narrower foot. Very probably L. Berghi is a synonym of the
present species, or of the next one ; Coriocella nigra of Blain-
ville (fig. 16) is also perhaps identical, but cannot be made out
with certainty. L. Cuvieri, Bergh (fig. 18), appears to be an
individual contracted in alcohol.
L. MAURITIANA, Bergh. PL 27, fig. 17.
Shell elevated, yellowish white, pellucid, smooth, with distinct
incremental striae. Length, 1 inch.
Mauritius.
L. BERGHI, Desh. PL 26, figs. 9, 10.
White, pellucid, striate ; open below, showing the whorls.
Length, 16 mill.
Mauritius.
In the specimens before me the margin of the aperture is
narrowly tinted with brown.
L. ISABELLINA, Bergh. PL 26, fig. 19.
Undescribed. The figure represents an oval, flat, white-
margined species, the back light purplish with white spots.
Length, 10 mill.
? Philippines.
Shell not figured.
LAMELLAETA. 63
L. GEMMA, Bergh. PL 26, fig. 20.
Undescribed. Violaceous, covered with small white specks,
the middle of the back, and a few, mostly marginal, spots red-
dish. Length, 21 mill.
? Philippines.
Shell not figured.
L. STEARNSII, Pall. PI. 26, figs. 12, 13.
White, suborbicular, depressed, whorls three, columella sharp,
thin, widely arcuated, showing the apex from below; spire
hardly elevated, suture distinct; aperture very effuse, rounded ;
exterior marked by growth-lines, crossed by microscopic revolv-
ing stride. Length, 6*5-8 mill.
Monterey, Gal.
Mr. Dall described a var. orbiculata, which proves to be only
sexually distinct ; the differences being such as mark the sexes
in the British species.
L. DIEGOENSIS, Dall. PL 26, figs. 21, 22.
Malleate, polished, white, translucent, orbicular, with deep
suture, volutions to apex visible from below. Length, 16 mill.
S. Diego, Gal.
Less calcareous, and more globosely elevated than the pre-
ceding form, as well as larger, and malleated, with no trace of
spiral striae.
L. SEMPERI, Bergh. PL 26, fig. 23.
Undescribed. From the figure it appears to be black, with
strong warty reticulations on the back, and anterior, and pos-
terior wrinkled processes on either side. Shell not figured.
Length, 3 inches.
? Philippines.
Unfigured Species of Lamellaria.
L. (CORIOCELLA) PUNCTATA, Stimpson. Japan.
L. (CORIOCELLA) TUBEROSA, Stimpson. China.
L SPIROLINEATA, Monterosato. Mediterranean Sea.
L. KLECIACHI, Brusina. Mediterranean Sea.
L. RANGII, Bergh. West Indies.
L. INDICA, Leach (L. OPHIONE, Gray). S. Australia, New Zealand.
L. TRANSLUCIDA, Blainv. Hob. unknown.
64 ONCIDIOPSIS.
Subgenus MARSENINA, Gray, 1850.
L. RHOMBICA, Dall. PI. 26, figs. 24, 25.
Pure white, subrhomboidal, moderately elevated, whorls 3 ;
columella thickened, stout, with a groove behind the callus ;
whorl appressed against and slightly flattened below the suture ;
spire very small, not elevated ; aperture subquadrate, outer lip
very much produced above and below, suture deep ; surface
smooth. Length, 12 mill.
Monterey, Cal.
Animal bluish translucent, white, the mantle only partially
covering the shell. Untigured.
L. GLABRA, Couthouy. PL 26, figs. 26-28.
Thin, pellucid, white, smooth and shining, whorls two, the first
a mere nucleus, the aperture oval, very large. Length, 12 mill.
New England to Greenland, Norway.
It is L. halioloidea, Gould, not Linn.; L. micrompliala, Bergh,
(figs. 27, 28).
L. GRCENLANDICA, Holier. PL 26, figs. 29, 30.
Obliquely elevated, whorls 2, the last very large, whitish,
shining. Length, 8 mill.
Greenland, Norway.
L. PRODITA, Loven. PL 27, figs. 31, 32.
More obliquely elevated than the preceding species, with
deeper suture, but perhaps only a variety of it.
Maine to Greenland.
L. AMPLA, Verrill. PL 27, figs. 33, 34.
Inflated, subglobular, the spire not elevated.
Eastport, Maine.
Genus ONCIDIOPSIS (Beck), Bergh, 1853.
0. GLACIALIS, Sars. PL 26, figs. 35, 36.
Shell thin, hyaline, slipper-shaped, flexible. Length, 16 mill.
Animal with a long, narrow foot ; the mantle subverrucose, ash-
colored, maculated with brown.
Norway,
NATICIDvE.
PLATE 1.
PLATE 2.
ATICID^E.
PLATE 3.
56
57
NATICID^E.
PLATE 4.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 5.
95
89
NATICIDJE.
PLATE 6.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 7.
*
NATICID^E.
PLATE 8.
PLATE 9.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 10.
88
NATICID^E.
PLATE 11.
NATICID^E.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 13.
f
NATICIDJE.
PLATE 14.
32
35
31
34-
NATICID^E.
PLATE 15.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 16.
NATICIDJE.
PLATE 17.
68
66
\
$
I
62
69
67
72
NATICID^E.
PLATE 18.
76
'
80
82
73
NATICID^E.
fl&
PLATE 19.
I
96
NATICIIXE.
PLATE 2O.
CALEDONIELLA, VELUT1NA.
O. GRCENLANDICA, Bergh. PL 27, figs. 37, 38.
Shell thin, flexible, subcorneous, with coarse irregular growth-
lines.
Animal with verrucose mantle, color not described.
Greenland.
Possibly = the foregoing species.
0. CARNEA, Kroyer. PL 27, fig. 39.
Shell more elongated than in the preceding species, with a
short wing-like production on the left side.
Animal with high, rounded mantle, verrucose.
Greenland.
0. recondita, Kroyer, is the juvenile of this species.
? Genus CALEDONIELLA, Souverbie, 1869.
The animal has not been observed ; it is therefore somewhat
doubtful whether the genus really belongs in the Naticidae.
C. MONTROUZIERI, Souverb. PL 27, fig. 40.
Imperforate, heliciform, depressed, thin, fragile, fiiiety striate,
the striae somewhat pliciform at the suture, translucent, white,
under a very thin shining yellowish epidermis ; whorls 3 to 3^,
suture narrowly channeled and margined ; extremities of the lip
joined by a parietal callus. Diam., 7 mill.
New Caledonia.
Genus VELUTINA, Fleming, 1822.
Y. L^VIGATA, Pennant. PL 27, figs. 41-44, 48, 59.
Shell thin, translucent, whitish, or usually light pink, with
nujnerous fine revolving stria? crossing the minute growth-lines ;
epidermis thin, transparent horn-color, somewhat tufted on the
revolving striae ; whorls 3J, suture deeply impressed.
Length, 16 mill.
Northern United States to Greenland, Northern
Europe, Kamtschatka.
Often credited to Linnaeus, but his Helix Isevigata may be
regarded as a lost species. It is Bulla velutina, Miiller, V. halio-
loidea, Fab. ; V. capuloidea, Blainv. ; V. striata, Macgill ; V. rupi-
cola, Conr.; V. Mulleri, Desh. (figs. 44, 48), the latter a large
5
66 VELUTINA.
variety from Kamtschatka. F. solida, ^artens (fig. 59), is founded
on a large, pink specimen, denuded of epidermis.
The animal is said to discharge a very copious, tenaceous
clear white slime, which is frothy, and perhaps serves the
Yelutina for concealment.
Y. LANIGERA, Moller. PI. 28, figs. 51, 52.
Very thin and fragile, smoothish, incremental striae slight ;
epidermis yellowish brown, shortly, densely pubescent.
Length, 13 mill.
Greenland, Finmark.
V. PROLONG AT A, Cpr.
Pink, under a smooth, thin, yellowish epidermis, the growth-
lines crossed by very fine slight spiral impressed striae ; whorls
3j, the last very large, suture deeply impressed ; aperture long
oval, junction of columellar and outer lip somewhat angulated.
Length, 10 mill.
Vancouver's Isl.
Unfigured. My specimen is in too imperfect a condition for
illustration.
Section LIMNERIA, H. & A. Adams, 1883.
Y. ZONATA, Gould. PI. 28, figs. 53, 54.
Thin, with sharp minute growth-striae ; whitish, with several
faint chestnut-colored revolving zones, under a yery thin
smoothish epidermis ; whorls less than three, spire minute,
suture deeply impressed ; columella flattened, with shallow
channel behind. Length, 11 mill.
New England, northwards ;
Arctic Seas of both continents.
An arctic specimen measuring 21 mill, has been called var.
grandis by Mr. E. A. Smith. Sars has described a var. expansa
(fig. 53). It is F. canaliculata, Beck. Sometimes the zones are
absent. F. zonata has sometimes been placed erroneously in
the pulmoniferous genus Otina, the shell of which, although
much smaller, resembles it.
VANIKORO. 67
Section YELUTELLA, Gray, 1847.
V. PLICATILIS, Miiller. PI. 28, figs. 55-57.
Nearly membranous, translucent, with obscure spiral striae and
irregular growth-lines ; 3 7 ellowish or yellowish brown ; whorls 2^,
ventricose in fresh, but compressed (from collapse) in dried
specimens, suture deep; epidermis tough, but readily separated
into slight fibrous plaits. Length, *5 inch.
The animal is bright orange color, sometimes speckled with
yellow.
Northern Europe, Greenland.
Is Bulla flexilis, Montagu. V. coriacea, Pallas, may be only a
large variety.
Y. CORIACEA, Pallas. PL 27, figs. 49, 50.
Membranaceous, corneous, subpellucid, rugosely striate ;
whorls 2-|, the last very large, expanded.
Kurile Islands.
Y. CRYPTOSPIRA, Middendorff. PL 27, figs. 45-47.
Shell narrower, more elongated than V. ldevigata,ihe columellar
Up forming an angle with the outer lip below ; coriaceous, or with
a very slight calcareous deposit. Length, 10 mill.
Ochotsk Sea, Alaska, etc.
Undetermined and Unfigured Species.
Y. BERNARDI, Martens (PL 28, fig. 58). Nab. unknown.
Y. PUSIO, A. Ad. Straits of Corea.
Y. SIGARETIFORMIS, Potiez. (A young Natica ?) Australia.
Y. SITKENSIS, A. Ad. Sitka.
Y. STYLIFERA, Fleming = Sty lifer Turtoni.
Y. MARGARITACEA, Duclos. Australia.
Subfamily III. YANIKORIN^E.
Genus YANIKORO, Quoy and Gaimard, 1832.
Y. CANCELLATA, Lam. PL 29, figs. 60, 61.
Broadly patulate, rather thick, cancellated with oblique rather
lamellar ribs and thin spiral ridges ; epidermis yellowish brown.
Diam. 1 inch.
Isl. of Vanilcoro,
68 VANIKORO.
V. Quoyi, Recluz, is a synonym. Many of the following
" species " are probably only slight and unstable modifications
of this form.
Y. GrUERiNiANA, Recluz. PI. 29, fig. 62.
Ribs stronger than in the preceding species, the spiral ridges
seen in their interstices ; umbilicus much wider. Diam. 15 mill.
Philippines.
Y. RUGATA, A. Ad. PI. 29, fig. 63.
Spire elevated, whorls rather strongly plaited, the deep inter-
stices spirally ridged, umbilicus moderate. Diam. 10 mill.
Hob. unknown.
Y. CIDARIS, Recluz. PI. 29, fig. 64.
Rather thin, clathrate with nearly equal longitudinal and spiral
sculpture, umbilicus narrow, almost closed. Diam. 22 mill.
Philippines.
Ribs not so strong as in V. cancellata, spire somewhat more
elevated.
Y. LTGATA, Recluz. PI. 29, figs. 65-72.
Rather thin, longitudinal sculpture low oblique folds, becom-
ing obsolete, spiral sculpture thread-like ; umbilicus moderate.
Diam. 1 inch.
Philippines, Paumotus.
A little more elevated than F. cidaris, with larger umbilicus.
F. Petitiana (fig. 66), F. helicoides (fig. 68), and F. plicata, Recluz
(fig. 67), appear to me to be very slight modifications of the
type form, principally in the oblique ribtets being somewhat
more or less prominent; whilst in F. Deshayesiana (fig. 69),
F. Blainmlliana (fig. 71), and F. Spuleyetiana (fig. 70), of Re-
cluz the growth sculpture is obsolete or faint. Of this form
F. delicata, Pease (fig. 72), appears to me to be the young; it
comes from the Paumotus.
Y. CLATHRATA, Recluz. PI. 29, figs. 73-77, 83.
Rather thick, cancellating sculpture subequal, umbilicus mod-
erate. Diam. 10 mill.
Hob. Polynesia, Australia, I. Bourbon.
Nothing but the smaller size appears to distinguish this from
forms of the last species. N. granulosa, Recluz (fig. 74); F.
semiplicata, Pease (fig. 75); F. Gumingiana, Reel. (fig. 76), and
VANIKORO. . 69
V. disparilis, Desh. (fig. 83), are synonyms. N. Sigaretiformis,
Potiez, has been considered synonymous ; it is really unrecog-
nizable. I add as a synonym V. granifera, Pease (fig. 77), from
Ins. Jarvis. The granular appearance of the original figure
(copied by me) is an exaggeration, and does not agree with the
types before me.
Y. SULCATA, d'Orb. PL 29, figs. 78, 79.
Revolving riblets most prominent, but rendered somewhat
granular by the crossing of the growth sculpture ; umbilicus
moderate. Diam. 9 mill.
West Indies.
Only distinguished from forms of the last species by locality.
I figure a very young shell, in which the spiral ribs are much
more prominent than they remain in the later whorls. V. anomala,
Adams (unfigured), is probabty the same.
Y. STRIATA, d'Orb. PI. 29, figs. 80, 81.
Rather thin, with fine spiral raised lines ; umbilicus moderate.
Diam. 8 mill.
Cuba.
Probably only a variety of F. sulcata.
V. lamellosa, d'Orb (fig. 81), is probably the young of this
species, and F. oxychone and F. Vitrinseformis, Morch (un-
figured), synonyms.
Y. ROSEA, Recluz. PI. 29, fig. 82.
Cancellated, pink; umbilicus widely open. Diam. 5 mill.
Is evidently a juvenile shell.
Moluccas.
Y. ELATA, Sowb. PL 29, fig. 84.
Elevated, thin, very finely decussated, umbilicus narrow.
Diam. 9, alt. 10 mill.
China Sea.
Y. ACUTA, Recluz. PL 29, figs. 85, 86.
Thin, white, subpellucid, very delicately sculptured, the spiral
lines the most prominent ; spire acute, umbilicus wide, aperture
somewhat obliquely produced. Diam. 7-10 mill.
Lord Hood?* Is., Cape Natal, Moluccas.
The above rather incongruous localities are given by Recluz ;
Morch adds West Indies in considering the species a synonym
70 VANIKORO.
of V. lamellosa, d'Orb. I do not think it adult. V. imbricata,
Pease (fig. 86), appears to be a younger state of the same species.
N. RECLUZIANA, Ad. and Angas. PI. 29, fig. 87.
Elevated, acuminated, spire cancellated, last whorl almost
smooth, umbilical channel moderate, long.
Diam. 9, alt. 10'5 mill.
N. So. Wales.
V. SOLIDA, Sowb. PI. 29, fig. 88.
Solid, globose, upper whorls cancellated, rounded, last whorl
finely spirally and concentrically striated, columella tortuous,
umbilical channel long and narrow. Diam. 9, alt. 11 mill.
Hab. unknown.
Y. SEMTSOLUTA, Sowb. PI. 29, fig. 89.
Sculptured spirally with beaded ribs and concentrically with
thin striae, canal elongated, rather broad. Diam. 6, alt. 10 mill.
East Indies.
The lips are so produced as scarcely to touch the body-whorl.
Y. ORBIGNYANA, Recluz. PI. 29, figs. 90-92.
Shell deeply and broadly cancellated with strong distant spiral
ribs and concentric ridges ; umbilicus narrow, deep.
Diam. 4 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Is V. Quoyi, Adams, not Recluz, and V. Gaimardi, Adams
(fig. 91), V. tricarinata, Recluz (fig. 92), and V. Gumingiana of
Reeve and Sowerby, not Recluz.
Y. DISTANS, Recluz. PI. 29, fig. 93.
With distant longitudinal lamellae, and closer spiral striae in
the interstices ; umbilicus broad, semilunar. Alt. 6 mill.
Philippines.
Y. FOVEOLATA, Montr. PL 29, fig. 95.
Strongly ribbed, crossed by thinner but prominent spiral
sculpture ; umbilicus very narrow. L. 5 mill., diam. 4 mill.
New Caledonia'
Y. CUVIERIANA, Recluz. PL 29, fig. 94.
Rather patulous, thin, very finely decussatety sculptured, last
whorl obliquely flattened, umbilicus broad. Diam. 10 mill.
Hab. unknown.
VANIKORO. 7 1
Unfigured or Undetermined Species.
Y. TUBEROSISSIMA, Montagu.
Y. GLABRISSIMA, BrOWQ = GLABERRINA, ReduZ.
The above two species erroneously introduced into the British
catalogues are probably young West Indian shells, but indeter-
minable ; the latter probably a Neritina.
Y. MAURITIUS, Kecluz. A mere embryo. Mauritius.
V: OVOIDEA, Gould. = Isapis.
Y. MONTROUZIERI, Souverb. New Caledonia.
Y. APERTA, Carp. (Diam. 7*5 mill.) Gape St. Lucas, L. Gal
Appendix to Natica.
The following species are described, but not figured, by Roche-
brune, in Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris, 102-104, 1884-5. The last
is from Cape Horn, the others from Sta. Cruz, Patagonia.
N. LEBRUNI, N. COUTEAUDI, N. OMOIA, N. SECUNDA, N. PATENT.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
NATICID^.
Abbreviata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 100, f. 157,
158, 25
Acrybia, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll.,i, 207, 1853, 8, 52
Acuminata (Naticina)), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang,
54, t. 13, f. 8. = S. papilla, Gmelin.
Acuminatus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang,
p. 54, pi. xiii, f. 8. = S. papilla, Gmelin, . . .58
Acuta (Yanikoro), Recluz. Rev. Zool., 47, 1844; Guerin's
Mag., 61, 1845, . . . 69
Acuta (Natica), Phil. Arch. f. Natg., 1845, i, p. 65.
= N. Philippiana, Nyst. Bull. Ac. Roy. Bruxelles, xii, pt.
2, p. 153, 49
Adansoni (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, 155, . 15
Adamsiana (Natica), Dkr. Mai. Blatter, vi, 231, 1860, . 27
Adansoni (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 83.
= N. fanel, Adanson.
Adansonii (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., t. 47, f. 3, 4.
= L. perspicua, Linn. ....... 60
Adspersa (Natica), Menke. Synops., 40.
= N. maculata, Desh. . . . . . . .15
Affinis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3675, . . 31, 54
Affmis (Natica), Phil. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1843, p. 117,
Abbild., i, 13, f. 2, 3. = N. canrena, Linn.
Aimei (Natica), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., 181, 1884, t.
4, f. 10. = N. Chinensis, Lam 20
Alabaster (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 33.
= N. intemerata. Phil. Reeve. Corrections, . . 46, 48
Ala-papilionis (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, p. 257, fgs.
1868 to 1871, 21
Alba (Natica), Loven. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1843, p. 118.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb 37
Alba (Natica), Potiez et Mich. Gall, des Moll., i, p. 289, . 54
Albula (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xvi, 393.
= Yar. N. Montagui, Forbes, 39
Albula (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, p. 194, 1851, 49
(72)
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 73
I'ANK.
Albumen (Natica), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1252, . . 47
Albumen (Natica), Scaechi. Cat., p. 17.
= 1ST. Josephinae, Risso, 33
Alderi (Natica), Forbes. Malacol. Monens., p. 34, . . 40
Alexandrine (Natica), Recluz. Sowb., Thes. Index, . . 54
Algida (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., iii, 73,
1848. = N. Lewisii, Gould, . . . . ' . .35
Alveata (Natica), Troschel. Arch. f. Natg., 1852, p. 159,
t. v, f. 3. = N. mam ilia, Linn 49
Amaura, Holler. Index Moll. Groenl., 7, 1842, . 8, 52
Amaurella, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . . . 8, 53
Amaurellina, Bayle. 1885, 7
Amauropsis, Morch. Rink's Greenland, 1857, . 8, 53
Americana (Natica), Recluz. Sowb., Thes. Index.
?=N. Alderi, Forbes.
Amiculata (Mamma), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, 155.
= N. dubia, Recluz, ........ 47
Amphiala (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 261, 1881.
= N. vitrea, Hutton, Cat. Mar. Moll., 21, 1873, . . 54
Ampla (Neverita), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, 156, 32, 33
Ampla (Marsenina), Yerrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 374,
1880, . 64
Amplostoma, Stoliczka. Pal. India, ii, 312, 1868, . . 11
Ampullacea (Vitrina), Maravigna.
= Lamellaria perspicua, Linn .60
Ampullina, Lamarck, teste Defrance. Diet. Sc. Nat., xx,
446, 1821, 7, 41, 52
Ampullinopsis, Conrad. Smn. Eocene Check List, 20, 1866,
= Ampullina, Lam. ........ 7
Ampullaria (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert., xviii, p. 633.
? = N. heros, Say, . . . . . . . .36
Andouini (Lamellaria), Cantr. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux.,
xiii, 1840. = L. perspicua, Linn 60
Angulata (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 32, 1885, . . 38
Anomala (Narica), C. B. Adams. Contrib. Conch., 109.
? = Y. sulcata, d'Orb.
Anomphala, Jonas (? inedit.). Herrmanns Ind. Gen. Malac.,
i, 61, 1846. = Cernina, Gray, 7
Antarcticus (Sigaretus), Couthouy MSS. Gould, Wilkes
Exped., p. 216, f. 259. = Lamellaria. . . .61, 62
Antillarum (Sigaretus), Reel. Jour, de Conch., 1851, p.
185. = S. perspectivus, Say, 57
Antoni (Natica), Phil. Zeit. f. Malakz., 1851, p. 48 ; E. A.
Smith, Zool. Proc., 720, 1877, .26
Aperta (Natica), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., pt. 39, p. 84, 1883, 54
Aperta (Lunatia), Loven. Oefv. Kong. Yet. Akad. Forhand.
= N. flava, Gld 52
74 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
I'AI.K.
Aperta (Yanikoro), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. H., xiii, 476, 1864, 71
Apora (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 265, . . 54
Arachnoidea (Nerita), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3674.
= Natica fulminea, Gmelin, ...... 15
Areolata (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, 206, . 25
Argenteus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 25,
1864 56
Articulata (Natica), Phil. Kiister's Conch. Cab., 119.
= N. ala papilionis, Chemn. ...... 21
Asellus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 136, 1855, . . 24
Atacamensis (Natica), Philippi. Reise durch Atacama., p.
186, pi. vii, f. 20, 1860. = N. dubia, Recluz, ... 47
Atrocyanea (Lunatia), Phil. Arch. f. Nat., 1845, p. 64, . 37
Atrypa (Natica), Watson.. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 254, 53.
Aurantia (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. (Desh. Ed.), viii,
p. 632, .... ... .42
Australis (Sigaretus), Hanley. Young Conchologist's Book
of Species, frontispiece. = S. laevigatus, Lam. . . 55
Australis (Lunatia), Hutton. Jour, de Conch., 1878, p. 23.
Proc. N. Zeal. Inst., x, 295, ...... 54
Australis (Sigaretus), Dkr. Malak. Blatter, xviii, 151, 1871, 59
Avellana (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 75, t. 11,
f. 14. =N. Dillwyni, Payr, 25
Baconi (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 37, 1855.
= N. Incei, Phil. . . . .33
Bahiensis (Ruma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 399, 1850.
= N. mamillaris, Lam. . . . . . . .43
Bayani (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. de Zool.,
1874, p. 20, pi. ii, f. 5-6. = N. venustula, Phil. . . 19
Beddomei (Natica), Johnston. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
221, 1884, 54
Berghi (Lamellaria), Desh. Moll, de Reunion, p. 77, pi. 9,
f. 18-20, 62
Bernard! (Yelutina), Martens. Archiv Naturg. 149, 1858, 67
Bernardii (Ruma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, 197, pi. 5,
f. 1., 1851. == N. Simise, Desh., var 51
Beverlii (Natica), Leach. Thorns. Ann. Philos., 1819.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. . .37
Bicincta (Ruma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 395, 1850.
1= N. melanostoina, Gmel., var. . . . . .50
Bicincta (Natica), Schrenck. Bull. Ak. Imp. St. Ptrsbg.,
t. v, p. 513. = N. Colliei, Recluz 26
Bicolor (Natica), Schrenck. Nordjap. Moll., 378 (not Phil.).
= N. ampla, Phil. . . 33
Bicolor (Neverita), Phil. Zeitsch. f. Malac., v, 1848, p. 156, 33
Bifasciata (Natica), Gray. Graft', Cuv. An. Kingd., pi. 1, f. 2, 44
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 75
PAOK.
Bifasciata (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Icon. Sp., 62.
= N. fulminea, Gmel. . , . . 15
Bifasciatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1851, p.
190, pi. 6, f. 3-4, 56
Blainvilleana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 141, 1843;
Guerin's Mag., 53, 1845. = V. ligata, Recluz, . . 68
Bonplandi (Natica), Yal. Obs., p. 264, t. 37, f. 3.
= N. glauca, Humboldt, ....... 34
Borealis (Natica), Gray. Zool., Beechey's Yoy., 136.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 37
Bourguignati (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, 170,
pi. vii, f. 8, 1852, 16
Brocchiana (Natica), Phil. Kiister's Conch. Cab., t. 8, f.
2,1852. = N. sordida, Phil 38
Broderipiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p.
205. = N. ala-papilionis, var. . . . , . .21
Brownia, d'Orbigny. Sagra's Cuba, 1841.
= Lamellaria, Montg.
Brunnea (Natica), Linck. Rost., 1807, p. 140.
= N. mamillaris, Lara. . . . . . .43
Bulbosa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 119, 1855.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb 37
Bulbus, Brown. Proc. Geol. Soc., iii, 119, 1839.
= Acrybia, Ads 8
Buriasensis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 212, 29
Caffra (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 204, . 54
Cailiaudi (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 392, pi. 13,
f. 9. = N. pavimentum, Recluz, var., . . . . 27
Calcarella, Souleyet. Jour, de Conch., i. 246, 1850.
= Brownia, d'Orb.
Caledoniella, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 421, 1869, . .12
Caledoniella, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1869, 421;
1870,71, 65
Canrena (Natica), Linn. Mus. Ulr., p. 674, . . 5, 20
Canrena (Natica \ var., Dillwyn. Desc. Cat.
= N. Chinensis, Lam.
Canrena (Nerita), Mat. and Rack, p. 223, No. 1.
= Natica catena, Da Costa.
Campeachiensis (Natica), Recluz. MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
1, 1855. = N. duplicate, Say, 34
Canaliculata (Natica), Gould. Sillim. Jour., xxxviii, 197.
= N. Helicoides, Johnston, 8, 53
Canaliculata (Yelutina), Beck. = Y. zonata, Gould, . 66
Cancellata (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3670.
= N. sulcata, Born 32
76 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PA( J E.
Cancellata (Narica), Lam. An. sans Vert., t. vi, 2e part,
p. 208, ' ... 67
Cancellata (Naticaria). Swains. Treatise on Malac., p. 346,
f. 107. = Sigaretus Linneanus, Recluz, . . . .59
Candida (Amaura), Moll. Grcenl. Moll., p. 7, . . 8, 52
Candidissima (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1851, p. 87.
= N. Jukesii, Reeve, ....... 46
Candidissima (Natica), Le Guillou. Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv.,
1842, p. 105, 46
Capuloidea (Velutina), Blainv. Malac., p. 469, pi. 42, f. 4.
= V. laevigata, Pennant, ....... 65
Caribgea (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1851, p. 234.
= N. lactea. Guild .49
Carnea (Onchidiopsis), Kroyer. Amtl. Ber., 115, 1847, . 65
Carolinum (Cryptostoma), Cuvier. Regn. anim., Edit. 2,
iii, 91. ? = Sigaretus perspectivus, Say.
Carolinus (Sigaretus), Dufo. Ann. Sc. Nat., Oct., 1840,
p. 201, 59
Casta (Mamma), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 117, t. 17, f. 1,
1852, . . 47
Castanea (Natica), Lam. An. sans Vert. (edit. Deshayes),
viii, 643. = Natica catena, Da Costa, . . *. 41
Catena (Nerita), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 83, t. 5, f. 7, . 41
Catenata (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 233, . 22
Catinella, Stache. Jahrb. Geol. Reichs., xxvii, 313, 1877.
? = Velutina, Fleming, 13
Catinus (Klein?), H. and A. Adams, i, 212, 1853.
= Sigaretus, Lam. . . . . . . . .10
Caurina (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii,
239, 1847. = N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. . . 37
Cayennensis (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1850, i, p.
383, pi. xiv, f. 6. = N. marochiensis, Gmel. . . 23
Cepatia, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840, . . 6
Cernica (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. de Zool.,
1874, p. 19, pi. ii, f. 13, 14.
? = N. marochiensis, var. Chemnitzii, . . . .24
Cernina, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840, .... 7
Chelinotus, Swainson. Malacol., 234, 355, 1840.
= Lamellaria, Montg. . . . . . . .11
Chemnitzii (Natica), Pfr. Registr., p. 8.
= N. marochiensis, Gmel. var. . ... 24
Chemnitzii (Natica), Recluz, MSS. Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp.
7, 1855. = N. ampla, Phil.
Chinensis (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert., viii, p. 644, . . 20
Cidaris (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 137, 1843; Rev.
Zool., 5, 1844 ; Guerin's Mag., 20, 1845, . . . . fi8
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 77
I 1 \i . !'.
Cincta (Natica^, Recluz. Jour, de Conch. ,i, p. 384, pi. xiv,
f. 7, 1850, . . 18
Cinnamomea (Natica), Synopsis, 47, 1830.
= N. solida, Blainv 46
Citrina (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 49, 1851.
? = N. aurantia, Lam. ....... 42
Clathrata (Yanikoro), Recluz. Guerin's Mag., 42, 1845, . 68
Clausa (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, p. 360, 30
Clavata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 167, 1883.
== N. Incei, Phil . .33
Coarctatus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon , xv, pi. iv,
f. 17, 1864. = S. papilla, Gmel. var. . . . .58
Collaria (Natica). Lam. An. s. Vert., viii, p. 638, . . 28
Colliei. (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 206, . 26
Colobocephalus, M. Sars. Nyt. Mag. Natur., 168, 1870.
? = Marsenina, . . . . . . . . .12
Colpodaspis, M. Sars. Nyt. Mag. v Natur., xvii, 186.
= Lamellaria.
Columnaris (Natica), Recluz. Petit. Jour, de Conch., i,394,
1850, 47
Compacta (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 33, 1885, . . 38
Complanata (Lamellaria), Leach. = L. perspicua, Linn. . 60
Concavus (Sigaretus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert , vol. 9, p. 10, 55
Concinna (Natica;, Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, 1860, p. 232 ; Moll.
Japon., p. 14, pi. ii, f. 21. = N. colliei, Reel. . . .26
Conica (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p. 632, 44
Consolidata (Natica), Couth. Bos. Jour., v. 2, pi. 3. f. 14.
= N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb 31
Convexa (Lamellaria), Bouchard. Cat. Moll. Boulonn, 149.
= L. perspicu.-i, Linn. ....... 60
Cora (Natica), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pi. 78, f. 10, 11, 47, 49
Coriacea (Velutina), Pallas. Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop., ii,
237, 1788,. 67
Coriocella, Blainville. Diet. Sc. Nat., xxxii, 259, 1824.
= Lamellaria, Montg. . . . . . . 11, 62
Cornea (Natica), Moll. Ind. Moll. Groenl., p. 7.
= N. helicoides, Johnston, ...... 53
Costata (Natica), Menke. Malst. Cat., 1828, p. 12.
= N. sulcata, Born 32
Costulata (Natica), Quoy and Gaim, Voy. Astrl., p. 235,
pi. 66, f. 20, 21. = Sigaretus papilla, Gmel. . . .58
Couteaudi (Natica), Mab*. et Rochbr. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
p. 102, 1854-5, . . .... 71
Crenata (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1853, p. 320,
pi. 7, f. 4, 5. = N. ala-papilionis, Chemn. . . .21
Crosseana (Natica), Kleciach. Weinkaun , Conch. Mittelm.,
ii, 257. = Fossarus.
78 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Cruentata (Natica), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3673.
= N. fulminea, Gmel. . . , . . 15
Cruentata (Natica), Payr. Moll. Corse, 118.
= N. maculata, Desh. ....... 15
Cumingiana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 139, 1843;
Guerin's Mag., 27, 1845. = Y. clathrata, Recluz. . . 68
Cumingiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.
210. = N. Powisiana, Recluz 43
Cuvieri (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mem. Acad. Copenh., 344,
1853. = L. Tongana, Quoy, 62
Cuveriana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Guerin's Mag., 63, 1845, . 70
Cuverianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. 111. Conch. Sig., p. 18, pi.
iii, f. 2, A to L, 55
Cymba (Sigaretus), Menke. Syn. Meth. Moll., p. 88.
= S. concavus, Lam. ....... 55
Cymba (Sigaretus), var., Dunk. Guinea inf., 32, t. 5, f. 20-22.
"= S. concavus, Lam.
Cryptocella, H. and A. Adams, 1853.
= Lamellaria, Montg. . . . . . . .11
Cryptospira (Yelutina), Middend. Malac. Rossica, ii, 100 a ;
Siberian Yoy., p. 216, pi. xxv, f. 8-10, .... 67
Cryptothyra, Menke. Synops. edit., ii, 87, 1830.
= Lamellaria, Montg. . . . . . . .11
Cryptostoma, Blainville. Bull. Soc. Philotn., No. 120, 1818.
= Sigaretus, Lara. . . . . . . . .10
Debilis (Sigaretus), Gould. Bost. Proc., vi, 375, 1852, . 57
Decora (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab. Natica, 118.
= N. picta, Recluz 22
Deiodosa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 35, 1855, . . 42
Delesserti (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 3, f. 8, 58
Delessertiana (Natica), Recluz. Chenu, Illust. Conch., iii,
t. 4, f. 5, 6. N. duplicata, Say, 34
Delicata (Narica), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 282, 1807.
= Y. ligata, Recluz. . 68
Depressa (Natica), Gray. Zool., Beechey's Yoy., p. 136,
pi. 36, f. 2, 1839. = N. Grayi, Phil 22
Depressa (Lamellaria), Ball. MSS., 1866.
= L. Stearnsii, Dall.
Depressus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer oder wenig gekannte
Conchl., bd. 1, p. 2, t. 1, f. 3. = S. perspectivus, Say, . 57
Deshayesiana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 138, 1843;
Rev. Zool., 7, 1844; Guerin's Mag., 48, 1845.
= Y. ligata, Recluz 68
Didyma (Neverita), Bolten. Phil., Chenu, 111. Conch.,
pi. 3, f. 4. = Natica ampla, Phil 33
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 79
PAGE.
Diegoensis (Lamellaria), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii,
538, t. 24, f. 1-3, 1885, 63
Dilecta(Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,iii, 73, 1848, 27
Dillwyni (Natica), Payr. Moll. Corse, pi. v, f. 28, . . 25
Disparilis (Vanikoro), Desh. Moll. Reunion, 77, t. 9, f. 15,
17, 1863. = Y. clathrata, Recluz 69
Distans (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 140, 1843 ; Rev.
Zool., 7, 1844 ; Guerin's Mag., 45, 1845, . . . .70
Draparnaudi (Natica), Recluz. Petit Jour. Con., ii, p. 198,
pi. 5, f. 11, 1851. = N. Powisiana, Recluz. . . .43
Dubia (Xatica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 209, 47, 48
Dunkeri (Xatica), Phil. Zeitschr. f. Mnlakz., 1851, 44, . 45
Duplicata (Natica), Say. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, p.
247, ... 6, 33
Eburnea (Natica), Desb. Lam., An. sans Yert., viii, 646.
= N. orientalis, Gmel 43
Echinospira, Krohn. Archiv Naturg., xix, 1853.
= Brownia, d'Orb.
Effusa (Natica), Swains. Zool. 111., pi. 104.
= ? N. Powisiana, Recluz. . . ... 43
Elata (Yanikoro), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 23, 1875, 69
Elegans (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 381, pi.
14, f. 4. = N. picta, Recluz 22
Elena? (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 205, . 28
Elongata (Natica), Troschel. Arch. f. Nat. g., 1852, p. 158,
pi. v, f. 2. = N. cora, d'Orb 48
Ermaea, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 1857. = Lamellaria, Montg.. 1 1
Eunaticina, 'Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 768, 1885, . 10, 58
Euspira (Agassiz, 1837), Morris and Lycett. Moll. Gt.
Ool., i, 1850, .... . 7
Euzona (Natica , Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 204 ; .
Jour, de Conch., ii, p. 381, pi. xiv, f. 3, 1850.
= N. picta, Recluz, 22
Excavata (Natica), Carpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 165.
= N. Elenae, Reel 29
Eximius (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 22, 1864, 56
Expansa (Moro. zonata, var.), Sars. Moll. Norv.. 147, 1878, 66
Fava (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 205, . . 54
Fabella (Natica), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., 183, t. 4,
f. 11,1884, . .18
Fanel (Natica), Adanson. Coq. de Senegal, pi. 13, f. 3, 16, 17
Fartilis (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 264, . 54
Fasciata (Natica), Martyn. Univ. Conch., pi. 110.
= N. rufa, Born, 30
80 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Fasciata (Necca). Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 149,
1826. = Natica Dillwynii, Payr.
Fibrosa (Ruma), Soul. Yoy. Bonite, p. 581, pi. 35, fs. 8-10.
= Natica melanostoma, Gmel., Yar. . . . . .51
Fibula (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic. sp. 130, 1855.
= N. Incei, Phil., juv 33
Fibula (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 26, 1864, 59
Filicatus (Sigaretus), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc., ii, p. 22,
1845, 59
Filosa (Natica), Phil. Neueo Conch., ii, t. ii, f. 4, p. 8.
= N. Sagraiana, d'Orb 19
Filosa (Natica), Sowb. MSS. Reev., Conch. Ic., 72, 1855, . 51
Flammulata (Natica), Requien. Cat. Moll. Corse.
?= N. Sagraiana, d'Orb 19
Flava (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., v, t. 77, f. 10.
= L. perspicua, Linn. ....... 60
Flava (Natica), Gould. Silliman's Jour., xxxviii, p. 196, 8, 52
Flemingiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.
209, 50
Flexilis (Bulla), Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl.
= Yelutina plicatilis, Miiller, 13, 67
Florida (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 64, 1855, . . .17
Fluctuata (Natica), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. xii, . 7, 53
Forata (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 129, 1855, . 26
Forskalii (Natica), Cheran. Conch. Cab., xi, pi. 197, f.
1901,1902, 20
Fortune! (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 123, 1855; Jour.
de Conch., 1863, p. 262, pi. ix, f. 5, 37
Fossata (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., ii, p. 263, 1847,
= N. duplicata, Say, ........ 34
Foveolata (Narica), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., vi,
138, 1866, . ........ 70
Fragilis (Natica), Leach. = N. helicoides, Johnst. . . 53
Franciscana (Natioa), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ic., sp.
127, 1855. = N. Guillemini, Payr .40
Fringilla (Natica), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 93, 54
Fulgurans (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 206, 16
Fulminea (Natica). Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 149,
1826. = N. Sagraiana, d'Orb 19
Fulminea (Natica), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3672, . .15
Funiculata (Mamma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 400,
1850; ii, 201, 1851. = N. columnaris, Recluz, . . 47
Fusca (Natica), Weink. Medit. Conch., ii, 251.
= N. sordida, Phil, 38
Fusca (Natica), Carpenter. Rept. Brit. Assoc., 523, 624,
1863. = N. otis, Brod. and Sowb 44
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 81
PAGK.
Fusca (Natica), de Blainville. Faune Fran9, t. 14, f. 1, 1 a.
= N. maculata, Desh.
Fuscata (Natica), Humph. Cat., 21, 1797.
= N. mamillaris, Lam.
Gaidei (Natica), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1874, 196, pi.
vii, f. 7 ; 1875, 292, pi. xiii, f. 8. = N. lineozona, Jouss. 24
Gaimardi (Yanikoro), A. Ad. Conch. Icon., sp. 9, 1875.
= Y. Orbigniana, Recluz, . 70
Galactites (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 47, 1851.
= N. Flemingiana, Recluz, ...... 50
Gallapagosa (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.
213. = N. otis, Brod. and Sowb 44
Gambise (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 207,
= N. collaria, Lam. ........ 28
Gemma (Marsenia), Bgh. Semper's Reisen im Arch. Phil.,
Bd. ii, t. xli, f. 7, . . ' .-63
Genuanus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 121, 1855;
Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 243.
= N. imperforata, Gray, . . . . . . .17
Geraudi (Rtimella), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 90,
1885, 54
Gilva (Natica), Phil. Menke's Zeitsch., 48, 1851.
? = N. Fortunei, Reeve, 37
Glabella (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 124, 1855, . . 50
Glaberrima (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 136, 1843.
==N. Neritina . . .71
Glabra (Lamellaria), Couthouy. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., ii,
90, pi. 3, f. 16, 1838, 64
Glabrata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . 53
Glabrissima (Yanikoro), Brown. Wern. Mem., ii, 532, t.
24, f. 12. = Y. glaberrima, Recluz, . . . . 71
Glacialis(Onchidiopsis),M. Sars. Sars, Faun. Moll. Norv. 153, 64
Glauca (Natica), Humboldt. Desh., An. s. Yert., viii, p. 651, 34
Glaucina (Natica), Reeve, etc., not Linn, nor Lamarck.
= N. Josephinse, Risso, . 33
Glaucina (Natica), Lam. (non Linn.). = N. ampla, Phil. . 33
Glaucina (Natica), Linn. Faun. Suecc., edit., 533.
? = N. Alder i, Forbes 41
Globosa( Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 33, 1885, . . 36
Globosa (Lunatia), King. Zool. Jour., v, p. 344.
= N. Patagonica, Phil 37
Globosa (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cat., v, p. 267, pi. 188, f.
1896, 1897. = N. helvacea, Lam 30
Globosa (Ruma), T. Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875,
149. = R. umbilicata, Quoy. Petterd, Jour, of Conch.,
ii, 353, 52, 54
6
82 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PACtfi
Globulus (Amauropsis), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p.
416, pi. xl, f. 5, 53
Globularia, Swainson, Malacol., 345, 1840.
= Ampullina, Lam 7
Gouldii (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeit., 1845, 77.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb 37
Gouldii (Lamellaria pellucida, var.), Verrill. Trans. Conn.
Acad., v, 518, 61
Gracilis (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 387, pi. xiv,
f. 11, 1850, 29
Gracilis (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 102, f. 156.
= N. marochiensis, var. livida, 23
Granifera (Narica), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, 78, 1869.
= Y. clathrata, Recluz, . . . . . . .69
Granulosa (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 140, 1843; Rev.
Zool., 6, 1844 ; Guerin's Mag., 32, 1845.
= Y. clathrata, Recluz, ....... 68
Grayi (Sigaretus), Desh. Lam. Anim. sans Yert., ix, p. 12.
= S. concavus, Lam. ....... 55
Grayi (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 74.
= N. catenata, Phil. ........ 22
Grisea (Natica), Martens. Sitzber. Gesellschaft, Nat. Fr.
Berlin, 1878, 24, 54
Grisea (Natica), Requien. Coq. de Corse, 61.
= N. intricata, Donov 42
Groenlandica (Lamellaria), Moller. Index, Moll. Groenl. p.
10, 1842, 64
Grcenlandica (Natica), Beck. Moll. Ind. Mol. Groenl., p. 7.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb 37
Grdnlandica (Onchidiopsis), Bergh. Mem. Acad. Copenh.,
346, 1853, 65
Gualteriana (Natica), Petit. Jour. Conch., i, p. 396, 1850.
? = N. marochiensis, Gmel. 23
Gualterianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Mart. Conch., i, pi. 16, f.
152. = S. planulatus, Recluz, . . . . .58
Gueriniana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 139, 1843;
Rev. Zool., 7, 1844; Guerin's Mag., 43, 1845, . . .68
Guillemini (Natica), Payr. Cat. Moll. Corse, pi. v, fs. 25-26, 40
Gyrodes, Conrad. Jour. Phila. Acad., iv, 289, 1860, , . 9
Haliotoidea (Helix), Miiller. Zool. Dan. Prodr., 240.
= Lamellaria perspicua, Linn. 60
Haliotoidea (Yelutina), 0. F. Fabr. Fauna Groenl., 390,
1780. = Y. laevigata, Pennant. 65
Haliotideus (Sigaretus), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., i, p. 165, ii,
p. 142. = S. Philippii, Weink ; Kiister, p. 23, . . 57
ILiliotoidcus (Sigaretns), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., x, 775, . 57
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 83
PAGE.
Haliotoideus (Sigaretus), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.
= S. concavus, Lam., 55
Haliotoideus (Sigaretus), Gould. Invert. Mass., 1st Edit.,
244. = Lamellaria glabra, Couth 64
Haneti (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Concb., i, 1850, 389, pi.
13, f. 6, 7. = N. Elense, Recluz, , . 29
Hebrsea (Natica), Philippi. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 73, t. 11,
f. 10. = N. marochiensis, var. lurida, . . . .23
Hebrsea (Natica), Martyn. Univ. Conch., t. 109, 1769-1784.
= N. maculata, Desh. ....... 15
Helicina (Nerita), Brocchi. Conch, foss. subap., ii, 297, t. 1,
f. 10. = Natica catena, Da Costa, 41
Helicina (Natica), Seguenza. Notizie, succincte intorno,
p. 17, 22 part. = N. Montagui, Forbes, . . . .39
Helicoides (Natica), Johnston. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Ber-
wick on Tweed, 1835, ....... 53
Helicoides (Vanikoro), Guillou. Rev. Zool., 105, 1842.
= N. ligata, Recluz, . 68
Helicoideus (Sigaretus), Guillou. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1842,
p. 105, 59
Helvacea (Natica), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., No. 14, . . 30
Herculea (Natica), Middend. Malac. Rossica, ii, p. 96, 1849.
= N. Lewisii, Gould, ....... 35
Heros (Natica), Say. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila., ii, p. 248.
6, 34, 35
Imbricata (Vanikoro), Pease. Zool. Proc., 435, 1860.
? = Acuta, Recluz, 70
Immaculata (Natica), Totten. Silliman Jour., xxviii, p.
351, f. 6, . . ' . . . , . . . 38, 39
Imperforata (Natica), Jay. Cat. 2d Ed., p. 87, pi. iv, f. 10.
= N. fluctuata, Sowb. Jay., 3d Edit., 117, ... 52
Imperforata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Voy., 135, pi.
37,f.l, . . 17, 27
Impervia (Natica), Phil. Arch. f. Nat., 1845, p. 65, . . 31
Incei (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 233, . . 33
Incisa (Natica), Dkr. Kiister, Conch. Cab., p. 81, pi. 12, f. 8.
= N. ampla, Phil ... 33
Incisus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. iii, f. 11, vol.
xv, 1864, ... 57
Indica (Lamellaria), Leach. Angas, Zool. Proc., 199, 1867, 63
Indica (Sigaretus), Gray. Spicilegia, Zool., No. 5.
= S. planulatus, Recluz, ....... 58
Insculptus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,
pi. xiii, f. 10. = S. neritoideus, Linn 55
Insecta (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. de Zool., 1874, 24,
t. ii, f. 1,2, 24
84 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
I'AI.K.
Intemerata (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 233, 46
Intermedia (Neverita), Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., in,
Natica, t. 2, f. 3. = N. mamilla, Linn 49
Intermedia (Natica), Phil. Enum. Moll. SiciL, i, 163, t. 9,
f. 11, 1836. = N. Alderi, Forbes 41
Intermedia (Natica), Recluz (non Phil.). Reeve, Icon., sp.
21. = N. ampla, Phil 33
Intricata (Natica), Donovan. British Shells, v, pi. 167, 6, 42
Intricatoides (Natica), Hidalgo. Moll Esp., t. 20 6, f. 12,
13 ; t. 20 c, f. 10, 11. = N. vittata, Gmelin, . . .25
lostoma (Natica), Mke. Zeitschr., 1847', p. 178.
= N. ala-papilionis, var. Broderipiana, . . . .21
Isabellina (Marsenia), Bgh. Semper's Yoy. Phil. Bd. ii, pi.
xli, f. 8, . ; 62
Isabelleana (Natica), d'Orb. Yoy. Am. Mer. pi. 76, fs. 12-13, 28
Islandica (Natica), Gmelin. = N. Helicoides, Johnston, . 53
Isonema, Meek and Worthen. Phila. Proc., 251, 1865, . 8
Jamaicensis (Natica), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 111.
= N. marochiensis, Gmel. var. livida, . . . .23
Jamaicensis (Natica), C. B. Ad. Contrib. Conch., iii, 1850.
= N. Sagraiana, Orb. . . . . . . .19
Janthostoma (Natica), Desh. Guer. Mag. de Zool., 1841,
pi. 45 = N. clausa, Br. et Sowb. var.
Japonica(Amaurella),A.Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 407, 1860, 53
Japonicus (Sigaretus), Lischke. Malakl. Blatter, xix, 104, 55
Jasonilla, Macdonald. Ann. Nat. Hist., xvi, 206, 1855.
= Brownia, d'Orb.
Javanica (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert., v, 8, p. 644.
= N. maculosa, Lam. . . . . . . .17
Javanicus (Sigaretus), Gray. Griffith's Cuv. Anim. Kingd.,
pi. 41,f.l. = S. neritoides, Linn. . . . . .55
Josephines (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 149,
f. 43, . . . . . 33
Jukesii (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 84, 1855.
= N. candidissima, Le Guillou, ..... 46
Kleciachi (Lamellaria), Brusina. Contr. Fauna. Moll.
Dalm., p. 35, 63
Kindelanina (Lamellaria), Mich. Bui. Soc. Nat. Hist. Bord.,
t. 2, p. 119, 1828. = L. perspicua, Liinn. . . 60
Labrella (Natica), Lam. An. sans Vert., v, S, p. 644.
= N. collaria, Lam. ........ 28
Lacernula (Natica), d'Orb. Cuba, 1842, 2, p. 35, t. 17, f.
23-25. = N. marochiensis, Gmel., var. livida, . . 23
Lactea (Natica), Guild. Linn. Trans., t. vi, p. 29, . .49
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 85
Lactea (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. X. -H., 1815, xvi,
393. = var. X. Alderi, Forbes, 41
Lactea (Xatica), Loven. Phil., Abb and Beschr. Xat., p.
16, t. 1, f. 13. = X. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. . . .37
Lactea (Sigaretus), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1851, p. 186,
pi. 6, f. 1-2. = S. planulatus, Recluz. . . 58
Lacuna (Xatica), Montg. = Lacuna puteolus, Turton.
Lacunaria, Conrad. Smn. Eocene Check List, p. 12, 1866.
= Lacunidae, ......... 6
Laevida (Xatica), Laskey. = X. sordida, Phil. . . .38
Lajvigata (Velutina), Pennant. But. Zool., iv, 140, 1877, . 65
Laevigatus (Sigaretus), Lam. An. s. vert., vi, 2d part,
p. 208, . . ... .55
Lamarckiana (Xatica), Recluz. MSS. Reeve, Conch. Ic., 6,
1855. = X. ampla, Phil 33
Lamarkianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., 7,
t. 1, f. 5 (not t. 3, f. 2 == Delesserti). = S. Linneanus,
Recluz, .......... 59
Lamarckianus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., pi.
3, f. 2. = S. Cuvierianus, Recluz. Chenu, p. 18.
Lamellaria, Montagu (pars). Trans. Linn. Soc., xi, 1815, 11, 60
Lamellosa (Yanikoro), d'Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f.
32-34. ?= Y. striata, d'Orb 69, 70
Lanigera (Yelutina), M oiler. Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 10,
1842, 66
Largillierti (Xatica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1852, p.
408, pi. xii,f. 1, 41
Larina, A. Adams. = Paludinidae.
Larvata (Xeverita), Tapp. Can. Yoy. Magenta, 34, t. 1, f. v, 35
Latens (Lamellaria), Mull. Prodr. Zool. Dan., 242, . . 60
Latifasciatus (Sigaretus), Reeve (noil Ad. and R.). Couch.
Icon., sp. 9. ? = S. concavus, Lam. . . . .55
Latifasciatus (Sigaretus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Yoy.
Samar., p. 55, pi. 13, f. 11. = S. neritoides, Linn. . . 55
Leachii (Sigaretus), Phil. Abb. Conch., pi. l,f. 3.
= S. neritoideus, Linn. ....... 55
Leachii (Sigaretus), De Blainville. Man. de Mai., t. 42, f. 3, 57
Lebruni (Xatica), Mabille et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
p. 102, 1884-5, . . ... 71
Leckenbyi (Natica), Marshall. Ann. Mag. X. H., xvi, 393,
1875. = var. X. catena, Da Costa, . . . . .41
Lemniscata (Xatica), Phil. Kiister, Xatica, 122, t. 17, f. 9.
= N. canrena, Linn., juv., ...... 21
Leptalea (Xatica), Watson. Jour. Jjinn. Soc., xv, 261, . 53
Leptonotis, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., ii, 76, 18G6, . . 13
Leucophaea (Xatica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 51, 1855, . 45
Leucotis, Swainson. Malacol., 346, 1840. = Xarica, Reel. 13
86 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAQJE.
Leucozonias (Nerita), Gen. Syst. Nat., 3672.
= Natica rufa, Born. ....... 30
Levicula (Lunatia), Yerrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., Hi, p.
371, 3fi
Lewisii (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 239,
1847, ...... .... 35
Li^ata (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 138, 1843; Rev.
Zool., 5, 1844; Guerin's Mag., 22, 1845, .... 68
Limacina (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., 1874, i, p. 14,
pi. 2, f. 7-8. = N. marochiensis, var. lurida, . . .23
Limbata (Natica), d'Orb. Yoy. Am. Mer., pi. 57, f. 7-9, . 28
Limneria, H. and A. Adams, i, 200, 1853, . . . 13, 66
Limpida (Natica), E. A. Smith. Zool. Alert, 57, t. 5, f. L,
1884, * ... 26
Lineata (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p. 640, 29
Linneanus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., iii, pi.
l,f. 4, 59
Lineolata (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeit. f. Mai., 1844, p. 107.
= N. filosa, Phil.
Lineozona (Natica), Jouss. Mag. de Zool., 22, t. 11, f. 3, 4,
1874, . . 24
Listeri (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chenu, Conch. 111., pi. 2, f. 2.
= S. Martinianus, var. ? Reeve, . . . . .56
Litterata (Ruma), Souleyet. Adams, Genera, i, 210.
= N. melanostoma, Gm., var. melanostomoides.
Livida (Natica), Pfr. Archiv fur Naturg., vi, 1840, p. 254, . 23
Livida (Lunatia), Lask. = N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb. 37
Locellus (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 134, 1855, . . 24
Lucidus (Sigaretus), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., viii,
p. 14, 59
Lunatia, Gray. Zool. Proc., 149, 1847, . . . 6,35
Lupia, Conrad. Smn. Eocene Check List, 15, 1866.
= Sigaretus, Lam. .....'... 10
Lupinus (Natica), Desh. An. sans Yert., v, 8, p. 648.
== N. solida, Blainv 46
Lurida (Natica), Phil. Kiist., Conch. Cab., 79.
= N. marochiensis, Gm., var. ...... 23
Lynx (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 46, 1851, . ... 17
Lysis, Gabb. Palseont. Calif., i, 138, 11
Macilenta (Natica), Phil.. Abb. und Besch. Conch., ii, pi.
24, f. 14, .40
Macilenta (Natica), Reeve (non Phil.). Conch. Icon., f. 133,
1855. = N. Alderi, Forbes, .... .41
Macrotrema (Ruma), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang, p.
54, pi. xiii, f. 9, .52
Macrostoma (Natica), Phil. Kuster, Natica, 55, 1852, . . 51
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 87
r.\<; K.
Maculata (Natica), Desh. Anim. s. Yert., viii, p. 645.
= N. millepunctata, Lam., Yar. 15
Maculatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Monogr., t. 2, f. 1-2.
= S. Martinianus, Phil .56
Maculatus (Sigaretus), Say. Am. Conch., pi. 25, p. 176, . 56
Maculosa (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p.
641, 16
Magellanica (Natica), Phil. Yoy. Astral, et Zelee, v. 64.
? = N. Patagonica, Phil 37
Maheensis (Natica), Dufo. Am. Sc. Nat., 1840, p. 193, . 20
Malabarica (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 393,
1850, . . 54
Mamilla (Natica), Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 1252, . . 49
Mamilla, Schumacher. Essai nouv. gen. 190, 1817, . 7, 50
Mamillaria, Swains. Malacol., 345, 1840. = Mamma, Klein, 6
Mamillaris (Sigaretus), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 1246, 59
Mamillaris (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. Desh., ed. viii, p.
628 ; Morch. Mai. Blatt., 24, p. 59.
= N. fuscata, Humph. ....... 43
Mamma, Klein (Ostrac, 1753). H. and A. Adams, Genera i,
210, 1853. = Polinices, Montf.
Manceli (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1874,
15, t. ii, f. 11, 12. ? = N. marochiensis, Gmel. . . 23
Marchei (Natica), Jousseaume. Rev. and Mag. Zool., 1874,
p. 17, t. ii, f. 9, 10. = X. marochiensis, var. lurida, . 23
Margaritacea (Natica), Duclos. Potiez et Mich., Gal. des
Moll., i, 292 . . 67
Marmorata (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid.,iv, 147,
1826. = N. Guillemini, Payr 40
Marmorata (Natica), H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 274,
pi. xix, f. 8, 25
Maroccana (Nerita), Salis. Reisen Neap., 379, 1793.
= N. Guillemini, Payr 40
Marbccana (Nerita), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, 270, . . 23
Marochiensis (Natica), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, 256.
= N. Alderi, Forbes, 41
Marochiensis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3673, No. 15, 22
Marsenia, Leach. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., xx, 1847.
= Lamellaria, Montg 11
Marsenina, Gray. Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, 76, 1850, . 12, 64
Martinianus (Sigaretus), Phil. Abbild. und Besch. Conch.,
i, p. 144; Morch., Mai. Blatter, xxiv, pi. 25. . . . 56
Maura (Natica), Brug. Enc. Mesh., pi. 453, f. 4 a, 6, . . 51
Mauritise (Yanikoro), Recluz. Guerin's Mag., 19, 1845, . 71
Mauritiana (Lamellaria), Bergh. Marseniaderne, p. 103,
pi. 5,6, f. 2, 62
88 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Maximus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer Conch., t. 1, f. 1.
= S. concavus, Lam. ....... 55
Megatilotus, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 766, 1885, . . 7
Melanostoma (Nerita), var., Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3674.
= Natica solida, Blainv. ....... 46
Melanostoma (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat.,xiii ed., p. 3674, 50
Melanostoma (Natica), var. 6, Lam. An. sans Vert.
= N. maura, Brug.
Melanostomoides (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astr.
ii, p. 229, pi. f)6, f. 4-8. = N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. 50
Melastoma (Natica), Swains. Zool. Illust., ii, t. 79, . . 45
Menkeana (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 8.
? = N. marochiensis, Gmel., var. livida, . . . .23
Menkeanus (Sigaretus), Dkr. Moll. Guineensia, p. 33.
= S. bifasciatus, Recluz, 56
Merria, Gray. Zool. Beechey's Voy., 137, 1842.
= Narica, Recluz, ........ 13
Micromphala (Marsenia), Bgh. Vid. Meddel. Nat. For., p.
121,1857. = M. glabra, Couth 64
Microstoma (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astr., ii, 232,
t. 66, f. 9. = N. plumbea, Lam 45
Millepunctata (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert., vi, 199, . . 14
Milne-Edwardsia (Rumella). Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanga-
nika, 91, 1885, 54
Mittrei (Natica), Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Astrol. and Zel.,
v. 65. = N. aurantia, Lam. ...... 42
Moerchi (Amauropsis), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1863, p. 423, . . 54
Monilifera (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), viii,
638. = N. catena, Da Costa, 41
Montagui (Natica), Forbes. Malac. MonensiSj p. 32, . . 39
Montrouzieri (Caledoniella), Souverb. Jour, de Conch.,
1869,421; 1870, 71, 12, 65
Montrouzieri (Vanikoro), Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 136,
1879, . 71
Moquiniana (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1853, p.
154, t. v, f. 9, 10, 27
Morelli (Lamellaria), Chiaje. Mem., v, t. 62, f. 1-4.
= L. perspicua, Linn. ....... 60
Morvillia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 45, 1857.
= Limneria, Ads 13
Mozaica (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 107, f. 133, 134, 19
Mulleri (Velutina), Desh. Mag. de Zool., Moll., pi. 28,
= V. laevigata, Pennant, ....... 65
Mustelina (Natica), Swains. Zool. 111., pi. 79.
? = N. marochiensis, Gmel., var.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 89
Nacca, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 148, 182G.
= Natica, Adanson, ........ 6
Nana (Natica), T.-Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, 149 ;
32, 1877, 54
Nana (Lunatia), Moll. Groenl. Moll., p. 7.
= N. immaculata, Totten, ...... 38
Narica, Reclnz. in d'Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, ii, 39, 1841, . 13
Natica, Adanson. Hist. Nat. Seneg., 172. 1757, . . 5, 14
Naticaria, Swainson. Man. Malacol., 346,- 1840.
= Mamilla, Sclmm. ........ 7
Naticaria, H. and A. Adams (not Swainson), Genera i, 208,
.1853.
Naticella (pars), Minister. Beitr. z. Petref., iv, 1841.
= Natiria, de Koninck.
Naticella, Guilding. Swainson, Maiacol., 345, 1840.
= Mamma, Klein, 6
Naticina, Guilding. Trans. Linn. Soc., xvii, 31, 1834.
= Mamma, Klein.
Naticina, Gray (not Guilding, 1834). Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840.
= Eunaticina, Fischer, . . . . . . .10
Naticodon, Ryckholt. Mel. Paleont., 1852, ... 14
Naticopsis, M'Coy. Garb. Foss. Ireland, 33, 1844, . . 8
Natiria, de Koninck, 1881, .14
Neritoidea (Lamellaria\ Cliiaje. Mem., iii, 215, 226, 1828.
= L. perspicua, Linn. ....... 60
Neritoideus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Monogr. Chenu 111. Conch.,
t. 1, f. 7 ; t. 2, f. 2, 3. = S. coneavus, Lam. . . .55
Neritoideus (Sigaretus), Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th Ed., p. 1250, 55
Neritomopsis, Waagen, 1880. = Naticopsis, M'Coy, . 8
Neverita, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 149, 1826, 6, 32
Nicolii (Natica), Forbes. = N. catena, . . . .41
Nigra (Lamellaria), Blainville. Manuel de Malac., p. 466,
pi. 42, f. 1. ? = L. Mauritian a, Bergh.
Nigrescens (Natica), Ad. Coutr. Conch., p. 112.
N. marochiensis, var. livida, . . . . .23
Nitida (Natica), Donovan. Brit. Shells, iv, pi. 144.
= N. lactea, Guild 49
Nitida (Natica), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., iii, 330,
= N. Alderi, Forbes, ....... 40
Nitidus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. iv, f. 20, 1864.
= S. papilla, Gmel., var. ....... 58
Nivea (Natica , Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 30, No. 1174.
= N. Sagraiana, Orb. . . . . . . .19
Notabilis (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 31, 1885, . . 40
Notata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch , sp. 44, f. 168.
= N. lineozona, Jouss 24
90 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
I'ACJK.
Nucahivensis (Natica), Jardin. Mem. de Cherbourg, vi,
p. 193, 54
Nucula (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 140, 1855, . 39
Obliquata (Natica), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 243, . 54
Oblongus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. iv, f. 21,1<S64, 58
Obstructa (Natica), Menke. Zeitschr. f. Malakoz, 1849, p. 36,
= N. collaria, Lam 28
Obturata (Natica), Phil- Mai. Blatter, iii, p. 165, 1857, . 54
Obtusa (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool Proc., 33, 1885, . . 39
Occlusa (Natica), S. V. Wood. Mong. Crag Moll., p. 146,
t. xii, f. 4 a, 6, 1848; Suppl. 76, t. 4, f. 11, 1872.
? = N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb 31
Ochrostoma (Mamma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. -391,
pi. xiii, f. 10, 1850. = N. lactea, Guild, var. . .49
Olla (Natica), Desh. Expd. a Moree, p. 157, No. 218.
= N. Josephinae, Risso.
Omoia (Natica), Mabille et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
103, 1884-5, 71
Onca (Natica), Bolt. H. and A. Adams, Genera i, 206.
= N. Chinensis, Lam 20
Oncidiopsis (Beck), Bergh. Act. Soc. Dan., iii, 1853, . 12
Opaca (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, p. 199, 1851.
= N. melanostoma, Gmelin, ...... 50
Operculata (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 34, t. 4,f. 7, 1885.
? = N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb 31
Ophione (Lamellaria), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 169.
= L. Indica, Leach, Hutton ; Jour, de Conch., 23, 1878.
Orbiculata (Lamellaria), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 122,
1871 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii. 539. = L. Stearnsii, Dall. 63
Orbignyana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc. 140, 1843;
Rev. Zool., 6, 1844. Guerin's Mag. 30, 1845, ... 70
Orientalis (Natica), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3673, . . 43
Oriostoma, Munier-Chalmas. Jour, de Conch., 103, 1876, . 9
Otis (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, 4, p. 372, . 43
Ovoidea (Narica), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 44, . . . 71
Ovum (Natica), Menke. Zeitschr. f. Malakz., 1850, p. l(')5.
= N. uber, Val 48
Oxychone (Vanikoro), Morch. MaL Blatt., xxiv, 94, 1877.
? = Y. striata, d'Orb 69
Pallens (Natica), Phil. Zeit. MaL, 157, 1848.
= N. helvacea, Lam 30
Pallida (Natica), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, 4, p. 372, 37
Pallidula (Natica), Brown. Conch. Great Britain.
= Lacuna pallidula, Da Costa.
INDEX AND SYNONYiMY. 91
Pallium (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p, 397, 1850.
= N. Powisiana, Recluz 43
Panamaensis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 208, 48
Papilla (Sigaretus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3675, No. 20, 10, 58
Papyracea (Natica), Sovvb. (not Buscli). Thes. Conch., sp.
18, f. 149, 1883, . 36
Papyracea (Neverita), Busch. Philippi, Abbild., ii, 45, t. 2,
f. 14. = N. ampla, Phil 33
Pardalis (Natica), Phil. Zeitschr. f. Malakz , 1851, 46.
? = N. fulminea, Gmel 15
Parvula (Natica), Guillou. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 105, 54
Parvula (Neverita), Tapp. Can. Ann. Museo Civico.
Genoa, viii, 325, 54
Patagonica (Lunatia), Phil. Arch. f. Nat., 1845, p. 65, . 37
Patagonica (Lamellaria), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881,
p. 32, pi. iv, f. 9 a b, 62
Patula (Natica), Sowb. Zool. Jour., i, p. 60, pi. 5.
= N. glauca, Humboldt, . . . . . . .34
Pavimentum (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, 208.
Payeni (Natica), Mab. et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom., p.
104,1884-5,71, ........ 27
Pavraudeautia, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. Moll. Rouss., 149,
1883, 6, 42
Pellis-Tigrina (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, p. 265, ])1.
187, f. 1892-93, 16
Pellucida (Lamellaria), Yerrill. Am. Jour. Sc., 3d Ser.,
xx, 395, 1880, 61
Pellucidus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 23,
1864, 59
Pennata (Natica), Schroter. Register, 1788, p. 72.
= N. canrena, Linn. ........ 21
Perscalpta (Natica), Martens. Sitz -ber. Berlin, 1878, p. 25, 54
Perspectivus (Sigaretus), Say. Am. Conch., pi. 25, p. 175, 57
Perspicua (Natica), Recluz. Petit. Jour, de Conch., i, p.
379, pi. 14, f. 1-2, 1850. = N. otis, Brod. and Sowb. . 44
Perspicua (Lamellaria), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1250, 1767, . 60
Pes-Elephantis (Natica), Pfr. Wiegm. Arch., 1840, i, p.
254, 289, non Ch. = N. lactea, Guild, .... 49
Pes-Elephantis (Natica), Chem. Conch, v, 5, pi. 186, f.
1922-3. = N. columnaris, Recluz, , . . 47
Petitii (Sigaretus), Reel. Chenu., 111. Conch., pi. 2, f. 1.
= S. Martinianus, var., Reeve, ...... 56
Petitiana (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 138, 1843;
Guerin's Mag., 24, 1845. = Y. ligata, Recluz, . . 68
Petiveriana (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 17, 1855. = N. ampla, Phil 33
92 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Pfeifferi ( Natica), Phil. Mke. Zeitsch., 1851, p. 45.
= N. lactea, Guild, 49
Philippii (Sigaretus), Weinkauff. Conch. Cabinet von Mart.
and Chemn., 23, t. 5, f. 1-3, 1883, 57
Philippiana (Natica), Nyst. Bull. Ac. Roy. Bruxelles, xii,
pt. ii, p. 153. = N. lactea, Guild, . 49
Philippiana (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Con. Ic., 45,
1885. = N. Josephinae, Risso, 33
Philippinensis (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 252, 53
Phytelephas (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 42, 1855, . 4i
Picta (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 204, . 21
Pictus (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 24, 1864, 59
Pisiformis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 213, 39
Planus (Sigaretus), Phil. Neuer oder wenig gekannter
Conch., i, t. 1, f. 7. = S. planulatus, Recluz, . . .58
Planulatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. 111. Conch. Sig., p. 21, pi.
3, f. 4, 58
Platyostoma, Conrad. Jour. Phila. Acad., viii, 275, 1842, . 9
Platyostomella, Etheridge. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb.,
163, 1879-80. = S. G. of Platyostoma, .... 9
Plicata (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., i, 39, 1843 ; Rev.
Zool., 7, 1844; Guerin's Mag., 40, 1845.
= Y. ligata, Recluz, 68
Plicatilis (Velutina), Miiller. Zool. Dau. prodr., 1776, . 67
Plicatula (Natica), Reeve (not Nuttall). Conch. Icon., f.
107,1855. = N. sordida, Phil. . . . . .38
Plicatula (Natica), Nuttall. Jay's Cat. Shells, p. 68.
= N. marochiensis, var. lurida, 23
Plumbea (Natica), Lam. An. s. Vert. (Desh. Ed.), viii, p.
632, .44
Poliana (Natica), Chiaje. Scacchi, Catal., p. 16.
= N. Alderi, Forbes, 41
Polinices, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 210, 1810.
= Mamma, Klein, ........ 6
Polita (Natica), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,
1875; 32, 1877, 54
Pomum (Natica?), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 234.
? = N. heros, Say, 36
Porcellanea (Natica), d'Orb. Moll. lies Canaries, p. 84,
pi. 6, f. 27, 28. = N. lactea, Guild, .... 49
Powisiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 210, 42
Pnfitenuis (Sigaretus), Couthouy MS. Gould, Wilkes.
Exp., p. 217, f. 260. = Lamellaria, 61
Prasina (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 263, . 54
Priamus (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 213, . 51
Prietoi (Natica), Hidalgo. Moll. Esp. Lam., 20 6, f. 2, 3.
= N. marrnorata, Ad. ....... 25
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 93
PAOK,
Pritcbardi (Natica), Forbes. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1852,
x, p. 307. = N. marocbiensis, var. Cbemnitzii, Pfr. . 24
Problematica (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 21, 1855.
= N. arapla, Phil . .33
Prodita (Marsenia), Loven. Ofvers., 1847 ; Index, 1846, 12,64
Producta (Lamellaria). Leach. Syn. Brit. Moll. Ann. Mag.,
1847. = L. perspicua, Linn. ...... 60
Prolongata (Velutina), Cpr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv,
p. 32, 66
Proxima (Natica), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 111.
= N. canrena, Linn., juv 21, 25
Pseudomaura, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 767, 1885, . 8
Pseustes (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 255, . 53
Ptychostoma, Laube. Sitzb. Wien. Akad., liii, St. Cassian.,
p.' 3, 1866, 8
Puella (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Natica, Taf. x, f. 7.
= N. lactea, Guild, 49
Puerilis (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H , vii, p. 44.
= N. lactea, Guild, .49
Puerilis (Natica). Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 43, . 53
Pulchella (Natica), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 148,
t. 4, f. 42. = N. macilenta, Phil.
Pulchella (Natica), Pfr. Arch. f. Nat. G., 1840, p. 254.
= N. Sagraiana, d'Orb . . 19
Pulicaris (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., p. 90, t. 13,
f. 9, . . . . . . . . 17, 18
Punctata (Natica), Swainson. Zool. 111., t. 104.
= N. fulminea, Gmel. ....... 15
Punctata (Nerita), Karsten. Recluz, Jour, de Conch., 14,
1864. = Natica millepunctata, Lam 14
Punctata (Coriocella), Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., vii, 378, .63
Puncticulata (Lunatia), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 391,
1850, . . 54
Purpurea (Amauropsis), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 124,
pi. 15, f. 16, 53
Pusilla (Colpodaspis), M. Sars. Nyt Mag. for Naturvk., 17,
p. 182, pi. 11, f. 1-6. = Cyprsea Europea, juv.
Pusilla (Natica), Say. Jour. Ac. N. Sc. Phila., ii, p. 257, . 31
Pusilla (Natica), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll.
= N. pallida, Brod. and Sowb 37
Pusio (Velutina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., v,
1860, p. 411, 67
Putamen (Ruma), Meusch. Adams' Genera, i, 210, . . 54
Pygmaea (Natica), Phil. Abbild. neuer Conch., i, 17, t. 1,
f. 12, 27
Pyramis (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 93, 1855, . . 44
94 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Pyriformis (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 211,
= N. mammilla, L. . . . . . . . .49
Quadrifasciata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Yoy., p. 137, 54
Quoyi (Vanikoro), Recluz. Zool. Proc., 137, 1843.
= Y. cancellata, Lam 67
Quoyiana (Yanikoro), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 175, 1853.
= Y. Gaimardi, A. Ad. ... . 70
Radiata (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 258, . 53
Rangii (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mgr., p. 94, No. 8, 1853, . 63
Rapulum (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 47, 1855.
= N. dubia, Recluz, 47, 48
Ravida (Natica; , Souleyet. Yoy. de la Bonite, p. 582, pi.
35, fs. 12-15, . . . 43
Raynoldiana (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 212, 20
Raynevallia, Ponzi. = Sigaretus, Lam. . . . .10
Recluziana (Yanikoro), Ad. and Ang. Zool. Proc. 424, 1863, 70
Recluziana (Natica), Desh. Mag. de Zool., 1841 ; Moll., pi.
37, .34
Recondita (Onchidiopsis), Kroyer. Ampt. Ber., 115, 1847.
? = 0. carnea, Kroyer, juv. ...... 65
Reiniana (Natica), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 71, 1877.
= N. Lewisii, Gould, ... ... 35
Rhodocheila (Ruma), Adams and Angas. Zool. Proc., 423,
1863, 54
Rhodostoma (Natica), Phil. Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv., 1843, p.
117. = N. violacea, Sowh. . . . . .18
Rhombica (Lamellaria), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p.
122, 1871 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 539, 1885, . . 64
Rizzse (Natica), Phil. Zeits. fiir Mai., 1844, p. 108.
= N. macilenta, Phil,, var. ...... 40
Robinsonia, Nevill. = Larina, A. Ad., Paludinidse.
Robusta (Natica), Dkr. Mai. Blatter, vi, p. 232.
= N. ampla, Phil 33
Rosea (Yanikoro), Recluz. Zool, Proc., 140, 1843; Rev.
Zool., 6, 1844; Guerin's Mag., 36, 1845, . . .69
Rubro-maculata (Natica), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871,
p. 733, 26
Rufa (Natica), Born. Mus., 398, t. 17, f. 3, 4, . . . 29
Rufa (Nerita), Montagu (non Born). Suppl., p. 150, t. 30,
f. 3. = Natica Montagui, Forbes 39
Rufilabris (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 103, 1855.
= N. marochiensis, var. livida, ...... 23
Rugata (Yanikoro), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 174, 1853, . 68
Rugosa (Stigmaulax), Chemn. Conch. Cab.,v, 270.
= Natica sulcata, Bour. . : . . . . .32
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 95
Ruma, Chemn. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 209, 1853.
= Mamilla, Schum. ........ 7
Ruinella, Bourguignat. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 89,
1885, 10, 54
Rupicola (Velutina), Conrad. Jour. Acad. Phila., vi, 266,
t. 11, f. 17, 18. = Y. laevigata, Pennant, . ... 65
Russa (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii. 43.
= N. clausa, Brod. and Sowb. ...... 31
Russa (Natica), Gould. Proc. Boste Soc. N. H., vii, 43, . 53
Rutila (Natica), Macgillivray. Moll. Aberdeen, p. 126.
= N. Montagui, Forbes, .... . . 39
Sagittata (Natica), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl., 10, 1843, . 54
Sagittifera (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, p. 168,
pi. viii, f. 4, 5, 1852. N. marochiensis, Gmel. . . .23
Sagraiana (Natica), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 34, pi. 18, f. 20
and 22, 19
Salangoensis (Mamma), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843,
211. = N. otis, Brod. and Sowb 44
Samarensis (Ruma), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, 214.
= N. Simiae, Desh 51
Sandalina (Natica), Guillou. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1842,
p. 105, 54
Sanguinolenta (Natica), Desh. Guer. Mag. de Zool., 1841,
p. 46. = N. melastoma, Swains. . . . . .45
Sanguinolenta (Natica), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Yer., xv,
19. = N. millepunctata, Lam., var. . . . .15
Scsevogyra, Whitfield. Ann. Rep. Wisconsin, 1877, . . 13
Sculpta (Najica), Martens. Sitz.-ber. Berlin, 1878, p. 24, . 54
Sebae (Natica), Souleyet. Voy. de la Bonite, p. 579, pi. 35,
f. 6, 7. = N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. . . . .50
Secunda (Natica), Mab. et Rochebr. Bull. Soc. Philom., p.
104, 1884-5, . 71
Semipellucida (Naticina), Marr. Quart. Jour. Conch., i,
243, 54
Semiplicata (Vanikoro), Pease. Zool. Proc., 435, 1860.
= V. clathrata, Recluz, . 68
Semisoluta (Yanikoro), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp.
24, 70
Semistriata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867. . 53
Semisulcata (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Yoy., p. 137, 32
Semperii (Chelyonotus), Bgh. Semper's Voyage to Philip-
pines, Bd. ii, pi. xli, f. 9, . 68
Senegalensis (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 382,
pi. xiv, f. 5. = N. fulgurans, Reel, .... 15, 16
Septentrionalis (Natica), Beck. Cat. Moll. Grcenl., 7.
= N. clausa, Brod. et Sowb 31
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Sertata (Natica), Menke. Moll. Novae Holland!, p. 10,
1843, ........... 54
Severa (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 43, . 53
Sigaretus, Lam. Prodr., 77, 1799, . .10, 55
Sigaretiformis (Velutina), Beck. Potiez and Mich., Gall.
Moll., i, p. 508, pi. xxxv, f. 21, 22, ... .67
Sigaretiformis (Yanikoro), Potiez and Mich. Gal. des Moll.,
t. 39, f. 21, 22. ? = Y. clathrata, Recluz, . . .09
Simise (Natica), Desh. An^s. Yert., viii, p. 552, . . 51
Simioides (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 76.
= N. simise, Desh ...... 51
Sinensis (Natica), Lam. Moebius, Mauritius, 275.
== N. Chinensis, Lam. ....... 14
Sinuatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1851, p. 189,
pi. 6, fs. 12-14, ......... 56
Sitkensis (Yelutina), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 283, 67
Smithii (Natica), Brown. N. flava, Gould, . . .52
Solida (Yanikoro), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 20, 1875, 70
Solida (Yelutina), Martens. Arch. f. Naturgeschichte, 1858,
i, 150. Y. Isevigata, Penn., var. . . . . .65
Solida (Natica), Blainville. Malacologie, pi. 36, f. 8, . . 45
Soluta (Natica), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., iii, 73, 1848, 39
Sordida (Natica), Phil. Enum, Moll. Sicil., ii, 139, 1844, . 38
Sordida (Natica), Swains., var. globosa. Gray, Zool. Beechcy's
Yoy.,pl. 37, f. 5. = N. plumbea, Lam. . . .45
Sordida (Natica), Swainson. Zool. 111., ii, t. 79.
= N. plumbea, Lam. ....... 45
Souleyetiana (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 385, pi.
xiv, f. 8. = N. marochiensis, Gmel. . . . .23
Souleyetiana (Yanikoro), Recluz. Guerin's Mag., 67, 1845.
= Y. ligata, Recluz, ....... 68
Souverbiei (Sigaretus), Folin. Les Meleagrinicoles, p. 68,
pi. vi, f. 8, 9, ... ... 59
Spadicea (Natica), var /9, Dill. Desc. Cat.
= N. helvacea, Lam. ....... 30
Spadicea (Natica), Gmelin. Syst Nat., 13th Ed.
= N. rufa, Born., var ........ 30
Spirolineata (Lamellaria), Monterosato. Test. Nuovi Sicilia, 63
Squalida (Natica), Macgillivray. Moll. Aberd., 126.
= N. Montagui, Forbes, ....... 39
Stercus-muscarum (Natica), Gmel. S3 7 st. Nat., 3673, juv.
= N. raillepunctata, Lam. ...... 14
Stearnsii (Lamellaria), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 122,
1871, ... ........ 63
Stigmaulax, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 133, 1852, . . 6
Stomatia, Hill. Hist. Anim., 119, 1752. = Sigaretus, Lam. 10
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 97
PAGE.
Stomatella (Lamellaria), Risso. Hist. Nat., iv, 252, 1826.
= L. latens, Miiller, ........ 60
Straminea (Mamma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, 201, 1851.
= N. aurantia, Lam., var. . . . . .42
Strange! (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 81, 1855.
= N. leucophaea, Reeve, ....... 45
Striata (Xatiea), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 31, No. 1203, . 54
Striata (Vanikoro), d'Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 29, 31, 69
Striata (Yelutina), Macgillivray, Moll. Aberd., 160, 1844.
= Y. laevigata, Pennant, ....... 65
Strdmii (Sigaretus), Sars. Beskr. og Lagtt., 67, 1835.
= Lamellaria latens, Miill. ...... 60
Strophostylus, Hall. Pal. N. Y., iii, 303, 1859, ... 9
Stylifera (Yelutina), Flem. = Stilifer Turtoni, Brad., . 67
Subcostata (Natica), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.
S. W., ii, 263, 54
Subfulva (Natica), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, 268.
= N. orientalis, Gmelin, ....... 43
Subplicata (Natica), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 32, 1885, . . 38
Succineoides (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 73, 1855.
= N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. 51
Suffusa (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 139, 1855, . . 44
Sulcata (Natica), Born. Test. Mus. Caes. Yindobonensis,
pi. 17, f. 5, 6, 32
Sulcata (Yanikoro), d'Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, 39, t. 17,
f. 26-28, 1842, . 69
Suturalis (Natica), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Yo}^.,pl. 37, f. 4.
= N. pallida. Brod. and Sowb. . . ' . . .37
Suturalis (Natica), Watson. Jonr. Linn. Soc., xv, 257, . 53
Tseniata (Natica), Menke. Cat. 46, 1830.
= N. ala papilionis, Chemn. . . . . . . 21
Taslei (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., 1853, p. 43, pi. 2,
f. 12, 14. = N. Broderipiana, Recluz, . . .21
Tasmanica (Natica), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm.,
1875, 148; 32, 1877, 54
Tecta (Natica), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 31, No. 1183, . 18
Tentaculata (Lamellaria), Montagu. Linn. Trans., xi, 179,
1811. = L. perspicua, Linn.
Tenuis (Natica), Phil. Bolster's Conch. Cab., 97, 1852.
= N. Fortune!, Reeve, . . . . , . .37
Tenuis (Lunatia), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 388, pi.
xii, f. 7, . 38
Tenuis (Lamellaria), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool Soc., 45, 1885, . 61
Tessellata (Natica), Phil. Menke, Zeitschr., 1848, p. 158.
= N. marochiensis, var. lurida, . . . . .23
7
98 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Texasiana, Phil. Zeitschr., 1848, p. 158.
= Natica duplicata, Say, ....... 34
Textilis (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 115, 1855.
= N. vittata, Gmelin, .25
Tincturata (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., 63, 1855.
= N. pulicaris, Phil. ... .18
Tongana (Lirnellaria), Quoy and Gainm. Voy. Astrol., ii,
p. 217, t. 66 bis, f. 4-8, . . 62
Tonganus, var. (Sigaretus), Quoy and Gaim. Yoy. Astrol.,
ii, 219, pi. 66, bis, f. 9. = Lamellaria Mauritiana, Bergh.
Tournefortii (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 396,
1850, . 54
Trachydomia, Meek and Worthen, 1866, . . . . 8
Traillii (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 137, 1855, . 19
Translucida (Lamellaria), Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat., xlix, 111, 63
Tricarinata (Vanikoro), Recluz. Sowb., Thes. Conch., v,
pi. 482, f. 24, 1884. '= V. Orbignyana, var. . .71
Trifasciata (Natica), Recluz. Adams' Genera, i, 206.
= N. maculata, Desh 15
Tuberosa (Coriocella), Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.,
vii, 378.
Tuberosissima (Yanikoro), Montagu. Test. Brit., 150, t.
29, f. 5, . . 71
Tumescens (Sigaretus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xv, pi. iv, f.
18,1864, 58
Tychonia, de Koninck, 1881, 9
Tylostoma, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., v, 376, 1849, . 9
Uber (Natica), Val. in Obs. Geol. Humboldt, 1833, ii, p.
266, 6,46, 48
Uberina (Natica), d 'Orb. Cuba, ii, p. 31, t. 17, f. 19.
= N. lactea, Guild, . . .... . .49
Uberina (Mamma), Yalenc. Mem. Geol. Humboldt ; Recluz,
Zool. Proc., 210, 1843. = N. uber, Yal 48
Umbilicata (Natica), Quoy. Yoy. Ast., ii, p. 234, pi. 66,
fs. 22-23, 52
Undata (Natica), Phil. Archiv fiir Naturg., 160, 1852.
= N. marochiensis, Gmel. ...... 23
Undata (Natica), Meusch. Adams' Genera, i, 206, . . 54
Undata (Morvillia), Brown. = Yelutina zonata, Gould, . 13
Undulata (Natica), Pse. MSS. Zool. Proc., 516, 1865; Am.
Jour. Conch., iii, 232. = N. marochiensis, Gmel.
Undulatus (Sigaretus) Lischke. Malakl. Blatter, xix, 103.
= S. incisus, Reeve.
Unifasciata (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. (Desh. Ed.), viii,
640. = N. marochiensis, Gm. ...... 23
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 99
PAGK.
Unifasciatus (Sigaretus), Recluz. Chemn., 111. Conch., pi.
3, f. 1. = S. Martinianus, Phil 56
Unimaculata (Natica), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 85, 1855, . 46
Ustulata (Natica), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 112, 1883.
= N. conica, Lam. ........ 44
Yalenciennesii (Natica), Payr. Cat. Moll. Corse, pi. 5,
f. 23, 24. = N. intricata, Don. 42
Yanikoro, Quoy and Gaimard. Zool. Yoy. Astrol.,' ii, 239,
1832. = Narica, Reclnz. , 13, 61
Yanikoropsis, Meek. Invert. Foss. Upper Mo., 1876, . 13
Yariabilis (Natica), Recluz MSS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 104, 1855; Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 243, . . 27
Yarigera, d'Orbigny. Pal. Fran9. Jur., ii, 29, 1850.
= Tylostoma, Sharpe.
Yariolaria (Natica), Recluz. Reeve, Natica, No. 55.
= N. pellis tigrina, Chera. . . . . 16
Yavaosi (Natica), Le G-uillou, MSS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 99, 1855. = N. Flemingiana, Recluz, . . .50
Yelainia, Munier-Chalmas, 1884. = Cepatia, Gray, . . 7
Yelutella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 156, 1"847, . . . .67
Yelutina (Bulla), Mtiller. Zool. Dan., t. 101, f. 1-4.
= Yelutina laevigata, Pennant, . . . . .65
Yelutina, Fleming. Hist. Brit. Anim., 296, 1828, . 12, 65
Yenustula (Natica), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 48, . . 19
Yesicalis (Natica), Phil. Zeit. Mai. 159, 1848.
= N. ampla, Phil 33
Yestalis (Natica), Phil. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 234.
= N. mamillaria, Linn. ....... 49
Yirginea (Natica), Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 81, 1852.
= N. mamilla, Linn. ....... 49
Yirginea (Mamma), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, p. 388, pi.
xii, f. 6, 1850. = N. uber, Yal. . . ... .48
Yiolacea (Natica), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. xi, . . 18
Yitellus (Natica), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1252, . . 29
Yitrea (Natica), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. N. Zeal., p. 21, 54
Yitrinagformis (Yanikoro), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 93,
1877. ? = Y. striata, d'Orb 69
Yittata (Natica), Gmjelin. Syst. Nat., sp. 3674, ... 25
Yittata (Natica), Jeff. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, xix, 318.
= N. clausa, Br. and Sowb., var 31
Xantha (Natica), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 262, . 53
Zanzibarica (Natica), Recluz. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p.
213. = N. melanostoma, Gmel., var. . . . .50
Zebra (Natica), Lam. An. s. Yert. (Desh. Ed.),viii,p. 643, 16
100 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Zelandica (Natica), Quoy and Gaim. Yoy. Astr., ii, p. 237,
pi. 66, fs. 11 and 12, . . . . ' . . .22
Zoologica (Mamma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., i,
272, pi. v, f. 6, 1872, .46
Zonalis (Natica), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, 386, pi. xiv,
f. 9, 10, 1850, 29
Zonalis (Sigaretus), Quoy and Gaim. Yoy. Astrol., vol. ii,
p. 221, pi. 66 bis, f. 1-3. = S. laevigatus, Lam. . . 55
Zonaria (Natica), Lam. An. sans Yert. (Edit. Desk.), viii,
643. = N. ala-papilionis, Chem 21
Zonata (Yelutina), Gould. Invert. Mass., p. 242, f. 160;
E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xx, 137, 1877. . . 66
Zonatus (Sigaretus), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 38. . . 56
Zonifera (Lamellaria), Bergh. Mem. Acad. Copenhagen, 335,
1853. = L. perspicua, Linn.
FAMILY CALYPTRMIDM.
Shell limpet-like, with a more or less spiral apex, interior
simple or parti}- occupied by a shelly process, variously shaped,
to which the adductor muscles are attached.
Animal with a distinct head and lengthened muzzle ; eyes near
the external base of the tentacles ; only one branchial plume is
developed.
The bonnet-limpets are found adhering to stones and shells ;
most of them appear never to quit the spot on which they first
settle, as the margins of their shells become adapted to the
irregularities of the surface beneath, whilst some wear away the
space beneath their foot, and others secrete a shelly base. The
form and color of the shell both depend somewhat upon the situ-
ation in which it grows ; those found on the inside of the mouth
of dead shells are generally flat or even concave above and
white ; those attached to the outside of shells are convex and
colored. The animal is supposed to feed on sea-weed and ani-
malcules ; and an individual kept alive in a glass by Professor
Forbes, ate a small nudibranch (Goniodoris),its fellow prisoner.
Both Calyptraea and Pileopsis sometimes cover and hatch their
spawn under the forepart of the foot. The inner process or shelf
of the shell forms a support for the viscera. The branchia of
this family is composed of narrow, rigid filaments, and Gray has
created for this type the division Plocamobranchia.
Subfamily Calyptrseinse.
Muzzle slit at its extremity ; tentacles subulate, carrying eyes
near their base ; foot short, rounded oval ; the single branchia
finely and deeply pectinated ; adductor muscle horse-shoe shaped
or oval ; jaws rudimentary ; radula with a subquadrangular
middle tooth, the margin pectinated, the central cusp longer;
lateral teeth with denticulate margins ; marginals narrow, curved,
denticulate (plain in Capulus).
Shell conic, patelliform, the summit more or less spiral;
(101)
102
interior polished, porcellanous, simple or chambered by a dia-
phragm or variously shaped process, supporting the viscera ;
peristome entire. No operculum or attached base.
Subfamily Eipponycinse.
Animal without foot, properly so-called ; adductor muscle
fixed to the interior of the shell above, and below either to the
substratum excavated in the surface of the body on which the
mollusk is attached, or to a ventral calcareous opercular-like
piece which completely closes the aperture ; inferior surface of
the body encircled by a sort of ventral mantle with papillary
margins, resembling the dorsal mantle and morphologically cor-
responding to the epipodium ; muzzle long, deeply incised and
terminated by two lateral lobes ; tentacles long, subulate, the
eyes sessile towards their base ; a spatuliform growth below the
neck ; radula as in Calyptrseinae, the marginal teeth denticulated.
Shell conical, peristome simple, with or without an internal
process attached at the apex, but an opercular piece normally
forms the base to the shell and is soldered to the surface of the
body on which it lives attached. The embryonic Hipponyx has
a spiral shell.
These gastropods have so aberrant an appearance that they
have been classed as Rudistes (Sowerby), and Brachiopoda
(Morris), the opercular piece being taken for a ventral valve.
Synopsis of Genera.
L CALYPTRJEIN.E.
Genus CRUCIBULUM, Schum., 1817.
Differs from Calyptrsea (described below), in having an in-
ternal cup-shaped lamina, the margin of which is entire, and
which is attached on one side to the inner wall of the shell.
Temperate and tropical seas.
Dentition, PL 30, fig. 2.
The synonyms are Trelania, Catillina, and Neleta, Gra} r ,
1867 ; Dispotsea, Say, 1826, and Calypeopsis, Lesson, 1830.
Section BICATILLUS, Swainson, 1840.
Cup open and reduced to a curved lamina, adhering for its
entire length. Indian Ocean. Fossil in the miocene of Aqui-
103
taine. The development of the cup appears to be arrested in
this group ; but I am inclined to believe that this is not always
the case.
Genus CALYPTR^EA, Lam., 1799.
Shell conical, trochiform, with central, spiral apex, aperture
basal, circular, entire ; interior furnished with a spiral diaphragm,
the columellar margin of which is twisted, forming a false
umbilicus, free margin convex.
The animal (PL 30, fig. 7) has a short head, the muzzle bilobed,
tentacles rather short, cylindrical, with the eyes on tubercles
at their exterior base ; foot short, rounded, obtuse behind, angu-
lar in front.
Dentition, PI. 30, fig. 3.
The recent species are tropical and subtropical in their distri-
bution ; fossil, the genus first appears in the lower Cretaceous.
Galerus, Humphrey, 1797, and Mitella, Leach, are synonyms.
Subgenus GALEROPSIS, Conrad.
Spire more elevated. G. excentricus, Gabb. Eocene.
Subgenus INFUNDIBULUM, Montfort, 1810.
Summit central, whorls plicate, axis imperforate.
Tropical and subtropical. Found in the tertiary of the United
States and West Indies. Trochita, Schum., 1817, Trochatella,
Lesson, 1830, and Clypeola, Gray, 1867, are synonyms.
Subgenus SIGAPATELLA, Lesson, 1830.
Shell oval with lateral apex, interior plate with submarginal
axis, the free margin concave. Haliotoidea, Swains., 1840, and
Trochella, Gray, 1867, are synonyms.
Genus CREPIDULA, Lam., 1799.
Shell oval, limpet-like, with a posterior, generally lateral spiral
apex ; interior with a lamina or shelf, covering the posterior half
of the aperture.
Animal with head depressed, laterally dilated, muzzle short,
bilobed, tentacles short, subulate ; foot short, subtruncate in
front, rounded behind.
Dentition, PI. 30, fig. 4.
104 CALYPTJUEIDjE.
Adhering to shells or stones, and modifying the form and
surface of their shells in accordance with the inequalities
of their place of attachment ; thus, the same species will be
convex if on the outside of a Natica, concave if on its inte-
rior wall, ribbed in either direction, according to its attachment
on the exterior of a Pecten, etc.; others again are attached in
groups one over another on each others' shell.
The distribution is world-wide ; the individual species have a
wide range, which, added to their great variability, as in
attached shells generally, has caused an enormous specific
synonymy. Generically, the synonyms include Sandalium,
Schum., 1817, Crypta, Humphrey, 1797, Tylacus and Lyro-
scapha, Conrad, Crepipatella, Lesson, 1830, Proscenula, Perry,
1811.
The following sections are founded on characters of little
importance or stability :
Section GARNOTIA, Gray, 1867.
Apex median, posterior, detached and distant from the
peritreme.
Section CRYPTA (Gray, in part, 1867), Fischer, 1885.
Surface spinose.
Section IANACUS, Morch, 1852.
Shell depressed or concave above, apex posterior, but
slightly lateral.
Section SIPHOPATELLA, Lesson, 1830.
Lamina produced in front, its columellar margin subtubular.
Ergsea, H. and A. Adams, 1854, and Noicia, Gray, 1867, are
synonyms.
Section SPIROCRYPTA, Gabb, 1864.
Summit of shell posterior, lateral, submarginal, spiral ;
internal plate attached to the margin on the lower or outer
side, curving upwards and inwards, and uniting with the oppo-
site side at a considerable distance. The plate is subspiral,
thus approaching Infundibulum and Galerus. C. pileum,
Gabb (Struct, and Syst. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 78).
Cretaceous of California.
CALYPTR^ID^J. 105
[Genus GALERICULUS, Seeley.
This genus has two distinct septa, the larger one originating
below the incurved apex, the smaller one at the base. Only the
cast is as yet known ; the shell has the form of a Helcion, but
its upper surface has not been observed. G. altus, Seeley
(S. and S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 79). Cretaceous.]
Genus CAPULUS, Montfort, 1810.
Shell conical, provided with epidermis, apex posterior and
directed to the right, more or less spirally curved ; aperture
basal, the lip continuous, no interior process, the horseshoe-
shaped muscular impression on the inner wall.
Animal with lengthened rostrum ; tentacles subulate, with
the eyes on bulgings at their outer bases ; mantle margin
fringed ; foot suborbicular, simple ; gill-plume placed obliquely
across the mantle-cavity, the elongate linear laminae partly
exposed. Central tooth of the radula trapezoidal, the reflected
margin triangular, having a long sharp median and very fine
lateral cusps, laterals multicuspidate, marginals simple (PI. 30,
fig. 5).
The few species inhabit the seas of Europe, the East and
West Indies, Western America, etc. Fossil, the genus com-
menced with the Silurian, and about twenty species are known.
These animals are said to feed on the seaweed that grows
around them, and on small marine organisms. They appear to
have but limited locomotion, being usually adherent and modi-
fying the margin of the aperture of the shell according to the
surface on which they live. Sometimes they wear away the
surface beneath their foot, forming shallow excavations, or they
secrete an imperfect shelly base by means of that organ. The
egg-cases are membranous and are attached in a tuft at the
front of the foot under the neck.
PileopsiSj Lam., 1812, and Actita, Fischer de Waldheim, are
synonyms.
Section CAPULACM^A, M. Sars.
Shell thin, patelliform, with thin epidermis; apex not spiral,
somewhat inclined to the right and posteriorly. Boreal Seas.
Piliscus, Love'n, 1859, and Pilidium, Midd., not Forbes, are
synonyms.
106
Section BROCCHTA, Bronn, 1827.
Irregularly conical, apex slightly spiral, directed to the left ;
left margin with a profound sinus, its posterior half folded.
Tertiary, 2 sp. C. sinuosa, Bronn (S. and S. Conch., t. Ixiv, f.
80). A single living species is mentioned but not described as
G. reductus, Desh., Isle of Bourbon.
Section THYCA, H. and A. Adams, 1854.
Shell conical, longitudinally grooved, transparent, slightly
curved. Indian Ocean, a single species on Asteria.
Subgenus METOPTOMA, Phillips, 1836.
Shell depressed, conical, elliptical, truncated behind, apex not
spiral, posterior, slightly inclined posteriorly. Carboniferous,
Europe, United States. C. Solaris, Kon. (S. and S. Conch., t.
Ixxxiv, f. 52).
In the above-named work I included this among the sections
of Patella, which it resembles exteriorly ; the muscular im-
pression is like that of Capulus. Tryblidium, Lindstrdm,
1880, is a synonym.
[Subgenus SPIRICELLA, Rang., 1828.
Shell flattened, elongated, with a sinistrally situated apex,
and a corresponding cavity in the interior ; muscular impression
very indistinct.
C. unguiculus, Rang. (S. and S. Conch., t. Ixv, f. 96, 97).
Miocene, France.
The relations of this group are obscure ; it may belong near
Umbrella.]
Genus AMATHINA, Gray, 1842.
Shell depressed, oblong ; apex posterior, not spiral, with
three strong ribs radiating from it to the anterior margin which
is produced into three points.
Animal with elongated head, the eyes sessile on the margin
behind the short tentacles ; mantle margin entire, a tentacular
median filament at the hind part. Indian Ocean.
Genus PLATYCERAS, Conrad, 1840.
Shell depressed subglobose, subovoid or obliquety subconical ;
spire small ; volutions few, sometimes free and sometimes con-
C ALYPTILEID^. 1 7
tiguous, without columella ; aperture more or less expanded,
often campanulate, and sometimes with the lip reflexed ; peris-
tome entire or sinuous. Surface striated or cancellated, often
spirally ridged or plicate, and sometimes strongly lamellose
transversely, nodose or spiniferous.
There are fifty fossil species, Silurian to Carboniferous.
United States, Europe. P. ventricosum, Conr. (S. and S. Conch.,
t. Ixiv, f. 81, 82). As Platyceras was parasitic on crinoids and
other marine organisms, the shells are very frequently deformed.
The subglobose species resemble the Velutinse, but there is
every degree of variation in form between these and non-spiral
shells. From among these the following groups have been
rather arbitrarily separated. / Acroculia, Phillips, 1841, is a
synonym ; in the opinion of some naturalists, Conrad's name
(being preoccupied in insecta) should yield to this.
Section ORTHONYCHIA, Hall, 1843.
Body of the shell straight or curving, gradually diminishing
above, arched or in some degree spiral at the apex, with the
last volution or more quite free. P. spirale, Hall (S. and S.
Conch., t. Ixiv, f. 83).
Section IGOCERAS, Hall, 1859.
Shell cancellated and often plicate. P. pileatum, Conr. Si-
lurian, U. S.
Section EXOGYROCERAS, Meek and Worthen, 1868.
Shell sinistrally spiral, with rudimentary columella. P.
r ever sum , Hall.
[Genus DIAPHOROSTOMA, Fischer, 1885.
Under this new name, Dr. Fischer includes Platyostoma,
Conrad (not Klein, etc.), and its section Strophostylus in this
subfamily. I have placed it in Naticidse, p. 9.]
[ADDISONIA, Dall, 1882.
Dr. Fischer has included this patelliform genus here on
account of its lingual dentition, and the existence of a male
copulatory organ ; for both conchological and anatomical reasons
I prefer to retain it near Fissurella.]
108
II. H1PPONYCINJE.
Genus HIPPONYX, Defrance, 1819.
Shell thick, obliquely conical, non-spiral, apex somewhat pos-
terior and directed backwards, surface rugose or longitudinally
grooved or cancellated ; muscular impression horse-shoe shaped ;
base of attachment (opercular piece) when present, thick.
Animal oval or suborbicular, conical or depressed ; foot very
thin, a little thickened towards the margins ; head globose, sepa-
rated from the body by a neck-like constriction ; eyes upon
swellings of the tentacles.
Dentition, PL 30, fig. 6.
Distribution : Warm seas. Fossil : Cretaceous, Eocene. U. S.,
Europe.
The synonyms are Cochlolepas, Klein, 1753; Krebsia, Morch.,
and Amallhea. Schum., 1817.
The same species will either excavate a cavity to which it
adheres, or secrete a testaceous support. The section Amalthea
was formed for certain species which were supposed to differ
from Hipponyx in not secreting a shelly base, but forming
instead a cavity in the surface of shells. . .
Genus MITRULARIA, Schum., 1817.
Shell conical, more or less irregular with a subcentral, sub-
posterior, subspiral apex ; interior with a central, half cup-shaped
lamina, open in front, free on the sides, attached at the apex ;
basal plate thickened.
Animal with broad muzzle, tentacles lanceolate, with eyes
externally near their base, the neck lobed on either side.
Inhabits temperate and tropical seas, distribution world-wide.
The synonymy includes Cemoria, Risso ; Mitrella, Trochilina,
Trelania and Poculina, Gray, 1807; Lithedaphus, Owen, and
Calyptraea, Lam., 1801, not 1799. Lamarck at the later date
adopted for his type a species belonging to the present group to
which it has since been generally applied, whilst the name of
Galerus, Humphrey, has been the received designation for the
Calyptraea, Lam., of 1799. I follow Dr. Fischer in correcting
this matter, and like him displace the earlier but ill-founded
name of Humphrey for the latter.
C ALYPTR^ID-ffi. 109
[Genus HARTTIA, Walcott, 1884.
A cast indicating a patelliform shell within which extends a
low broad ridge, originating at one end and supports a broad,
subcordate shield-like expansion covering most of the other end.
H. Matthewi, Walcott (PI. 30, fig. 1), Cambrian, St. John, N. B.
A group of doubtful affinities.]
The following extracts from a lecture by P. P. Carpenter,
delivered under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, and
printed in its Annual Report for 1859, scarcely require apology
for their introduction here, in view of their intrinsic interest.
Carpenter and Dr. Gray agree in making large reductions from
the number of published species, although, as a matter of course,
they differ somewhat in detail.
" The Calyptrseids (' slipper ' and ' cup-and-saucer ' limpets)
found on the Spondylus valves are the most beautiful and varied
that are known in any part of the world. The shells are large
a.nd thin, delicately furrowed and as it were engine-turned, with a
profusion of tubercles, which sometimes rise up into long hollow
spines. The colors vary from white to a rich black-brown, or
are variously mottled with sienna, while the shape may be either
an elevated cone or a widely spreading disk. Sometimes the same
individual will begin with one form and sculpture-pattern, and
suddenly change to another ; others again seem to develop per-
manent and widely differing varieties. Occasionally a starved or
diseased Mazatlanian will present the aspect whicli is normal on
the colder shores of South America ; exchanging its thin texture
and delicate sculpture for a coarse, solid, and nearly smooth
shell. So far the views lately propounded with such ability by
the celebrated author of the ' Yoyage of the Beagle ' meet with
sufficient confirmation ; and yet amid all its changes, there is a
habit of growth, hard to describe and yet easily recognized by
the practiced eye, which not only unites the most aberrant forms,
but at once separates them from neighboring species found on
the same coast and appearing very similar to the common ob-
server. The ordinary plan of only preserving in collections a
few picked specimens displaying marked peculiarities, is by no
means favorable to the elimination of truth in reference to spe-
110 CALYPTR^ID^l.
cific variation. These extreme forms are very naturally described
as distinct species, the intermediate connecting links not passing
before the view of the naturalist. On showing to a distinguished
author a carefully eliminated suite of Mazatlan specimens con-
necting the smooth, thin, flat Grepidula squama, Brod., with
the coarse, arched, laminated G. Lessonii, passing through the
forms G. nivea, C. B. Ad., and C. striolata, Mke., he complained
that I had ' kept all the puzzling shells.' In the very useful work
of Messrs. H. and A. Adams, on the ' Genera of Recent Mol-
lusca,' these forms appear under different subgenera. It is not
fair to blame authors for these mistakes, which naturally result
from the imperfection of the material on which they work.
But the prevalence of such errors should lead us to embrace
every opportunity of studying large numbers of specimens, both
from the same and different localities. Patience, accuracy, and
honesty may thus render as valuable service to science as bril-
liant genius, and may supply the materials from which some
master-mind may hereafter develop the most important generali-
zations.
" Those who describe species from minute differences founded
on individual specimens, might do well to study the plates ap-
pended to the ' B. A. Report on the West Coast Mollusca.'
Take e. g. the Grucibulum spinosum, pi. 9. The shell is at first
spiral, like a snail. It then surrounds its entire margin with a
rim, which is the first beginning of what in the adult becomes
the ' saucer ' or outside shell ; that is the hardened skins of the
animal's body (for the shells are not to be regarded as a house,
constructed for the animal to live in, but as an integral part of
the animal itself, like the feathers of birds or our own nails and
hair). At the same time it raises a slight lamina from the labi-
um or ' pillar-lip ' which ultimately becomes the ' cup.' At first,
however, it is like the ' deck ' in the Slipper limpets, from some
species of which it can scarcely be then distinguished. The
Crepidulse, however, continue their deck in a horizontal direc-
tion, while the Crucibulum turns the edges upwards at a more
or less obtuse angle. Gradually during the progress of adoles-
cence, this angle becomes right and then acute, the outer shell
meanwhile taking various forms, round, oblong, or irregular,
according to the nature of the surface to which it has chosen to
CALYPTR^EID^E. Ill
adhere. Often this immature state is continued to a late period ;
if permanent it would belong to the subgenus Dispotaea (Sa}^),
of Messrs. Adams. But normally the sides of the cup close in,
while its body becomes greatly swollen in front. This cup now
assumes the form which is alwa}*s characteristic of the species
under every modification of external growth ; being well rounded
in C. imbricatum, angular at the side in C. spinosum, and with
the sides flattened against each other in (7. radiatum. In C.
rude, the adolescent stage is very soon completed and the cup
is permanently detached from the side of the shell, forming a
veritable ' cup and saucer,' one too after the fashion so prevalent
in America, where the cup-handle has never been formed. It is
a remarkable fact in geographical distribution, that the forms
intricatum and rude, which are typical in the west tropical
fauna of Central America, reappear but very sparingly on the
Caribbean shores ; while C. spinosum, which is far more common,
more variable and more widely distributed being found (under
various names) from California to Chili has not yet been dis-
covered on the eatern side.
" Again, the C. radiatum, which is the most delicately formed
of the whole group, confines itself to the equatorial western
seas, not having been found further north than the Panama dis-
trict. An extremely remarkable specimen of C. spinosum was
dredged by Mr. Cuming in comparatively deep water. The net
brought up a large stone with a small hole in it, on looking
down which Mr. Cuming perceived a number of spines, as
though a sea-urchin was lodging there. A blow of the hammer
discovered the existence of a large cavity within, communica-
ting with the external world only through this narrow opening.
In the hollow of this cavity lay the limpet, turned as it were
nearly inside out. The creature had gone to live there when
3 r onng, and being of sedentary habits, it had not occurred to
him that he might be imprisoned for life by his own corpulence,
else he would probably have made his escape before he had
grown too large. As it was, he grew larger and larger, and as
the walls of his prison rose up round him on every side, he was
obliged to flatten out his shell till it became a plate, instead of a
cone. At the same time, his body protruding into the hollow,
the cup protruded along with it till it stood considerably
112 OALYPTIUEID^B.
beyond the shell, of which it was normally an inside partition.
Thus our Calyptneid was fixed as immovably as any Pholas, but
with this difference in their condition : that the Pholas, being
designed for that kind of life, is not troubled with useless heads
and eyes, and, moreover, is furnished with two long pipes to
convey the water to and from the mouth and gills ; while the
Crucibulum had eyes simply to stare at the wall in the dark,
feelers to push the stone, and a long ribbon tongue, armed with
hundreds of teeth, to rasp the water. And while encumbered
with these unnecessary appendages he had not the benefit of
water-pipes, to bring what alone this lock-jawed subject had to
feed upon. For this want, however, the economy of the animal
provided a remedy. The C. spinosum in its normal growth is
either spinose or not ; the flatter forms being almost always
smooth. The spires are developed from prolongations of the
mantle (or thin shell-bearing skin of the animal), which appear
at irregular intervals, though in regular pattern. Sometimes
the whole shell is covered with crowded prickles C. hispidum,
Brod.), sometimes a few long spines appear at the edge on one
side of the otherwise smooth shell. Sometimes the spines are
few, large and hollow (C. tubiferum, Less.), each of the outer
row communicating through a hole within the inner margin,
which is afterwards filled up. Our prisoner worked for his
living by constructing very large, long and open spine-pipes,
which, instead of standing up at right angles to the shell, were
directed back towards the narrow opening in the stone. It
would appear that by this means the animal was simply supplied
with nourishment, for the shell was above the ordinary size.
" The most common Calyptraeid on the backs of our Spon-
dylus valves, however, was Grepidula aculeata, Gmel. It was
first described from West Indian specimens, which are generally
dead and worn in collections, and afterwards re-described from
fine West Coast shells, as C. hysirix and C. echinus, Brod.
The stunted northern form was named C. Californica by
Nuttall.
" Perfect specimens brought by Mr. Dyson from Honduras
correspond so exactly with those from Mazatlan that it is hardly
possible to resist the impression that they are identical. Speci-
mens from South Africa, from Sydney (Australia) and from the
CALYPTR^ID^E. 1 1 3
Pacific Islands, also present no marks of specific distinction.
It appears to be one of the ubiquitous species, of which several
are found in various genera, and some are known to have existed
far back in time.
" The Crepidula not only undergoes the changes of form from
nearly flat to deeply arched, but from obese to elongated, which
every observer of the common slipper-limpet of the Atlantic
(C.fornicata, abundant from the icy shores of the St. Lawrence
to the tropical waters of the Gulf of Mexico) knows to prevail
in that species ; but in sculpture it may either be crowded with
short spines (C. echinus, Brod.), or have a few radiating lines
of longer spines with nodulous interstices (C. hystrix, Brod.),
or be covered with an irregular mass of spiny knobs (normal
state), or lose the spines altogether in roughened striae (smooth-
water form), or even become almost destitute of sculpture, like
some northern specimens of the stunted variety (C. Calif ornica,
Nuttall). Through all these changes it is recognized by its
spiral stomattelloid growth exemplifying a section of the genus,
the extreme forms of which approach Trochita ; and by its
beautifully waved deck-margin, which resembles a / -^A_-^. The
pointed centre, as the shell increases in size, generally leaves a
characteristic line on the surface of the deck, passing up to the
vertex. But often the point is rounded off, and even degener-
ates into a broad wave. In one specimen co-ordinate with this
degenerac}', a sharp angle was abnormally formed on one of the
sides, so as to give the margin the aspect of a brace turned the
wrong way, thus v Y~^ ; a very good specific distinction, if no
intermediate specimens had been found. A series of deck-
margins belonging to this and the following species, will be
found represented on plate 8 of the British Association Report,
Fig. 1, f. 3, g. The best means of distinguishing the species of
slipper-limpets from each other was found to be the shape of the
nuclear portion and the mode of growth of the very young shell.
Whatever be the abnormal character of the adult, it did not
appear that the offspring had a tendency to the same degeneracy,
but rather to the resumption of the normal type. In the case of
local varieties, the peculiarities are reproduced, because they
depend on circumstances which affect all alike. But in such cases
as those under consideration, where the extremes and all the
8
114 CALYPTR^EID^E.
intermediate forms of variation are found in the same locality,
the changes depending on the accidents of individuals, it is not
yet proved that the idiosyncrasies are transmitted. In fact, the
frequent instances in which the individual itself changes its
form and sculpture at different periods of its life, is against
such a hypothesis.
" It is a fact worth noticing that while some species of shells
are extremely variable, others, inhabiting the same localities, are
very constant in their characters. These are seldom widely
diffused, and are often rare in individuals. A few young speci-
mens of such species were found among the slipper-limpets on
the spondyli ; but the bulk of the specimens belonged either to
C. aculeata, which, as we have seen, is a somewhat ubiquitous
species, or to G. nivea, which, under many shapes and many
names, spreads over the principal parts of the Pacific coast of
America, representing there the very distinct C. fornicata of the
Atlantic. Two extreme forms were described by Broderip, from
Mr. Cuming's collection ; the one, C. squama, thin, flat, and
smooth; the other, C. Lessonii, solid, often arched, and covered
with concentric laminae. These sometimes appear at regular
intervals, and seem to be the normal and unique sculpture of the
shell. It appears, however, that (7. squama (which is the calm-
water form), if exposed to rougher influences, arches its back,
adds layer after layer of porcellanous matter, hiding the color
rays, and leaving the margin like the edge of a quire of paper.
Now, if co-ordinate with this laying on of extra coats, the crea-
ture advances forward, turning up the previous portion, the form
Lessonii is produced ; in general very roughly and irregularly,
which is the C. striolata of Menke, but sometimes very delicately,
with fine sculpture between the laminae as described by Brod. It
is common to find shells living for some time as squama, and
suddenly plunging into the Lessonii types, with one or two
strong laminae. Every stage of intermediate form was found
among the Mazatlan shells. The degraded specimens of the
Chilian seas form a part of the G. protea of d'Orbigny a
convenient receptacle, as the type specimens in the British
Museum show, for the dead and puzzling shells which the
author did not know where else to place. The ordinary condi-
tion, intermediate between the extremes first described, is C.
ALYPTR^ID^J. 115
nivea of C. B. Adams. As it is the normal state, the usual rules
of priority have been set aside, and C. nivea taken for the name
of the species, leaving squama and Lessonii for the principal
varieties. The White Slipper is known under all forms (when
in good condition), by its shaggy, light-green skin, and by the
very peculiar character of the nuclear whirls. These are
remarkably small, though the shell is large, standing out from
the surface, of a reddish tinge, and crowded with regular trans-
verse ribs. The characters have been observed in specimens of
all the forms, although the influences which produce Lessonii
drawing the shell away from the vertex, generally lead to its
abrasion. Sometimes the White Slipper goes to live, when
young, into the empty burrow of a boring mussel. In these
cases, as soon as it has grown to the width of its cave, it is
obliged to develop itself longitudinally, at the same time turning
up its sides in the vain attempt to get more room. The corres-
ponding slipper limpet of the California coast appears to have a
special fancy for this mode of life, as most of the specimens
sent have assumed the form now described. It was first found
by Mr. Nuttall, and distributed by him a C. exuviata. It was so
published in Dr. Jay's catalogue. Dr. Gould, however, figured
and described it as C. explanata. It had been previously figured
by Valenciennes, in the Voyage de la Venus, as C. perforans,
that author supposing that it had made the burrow in which it
was found. The designation representing an untruth, it must
yield to the latest name, which alone is accompanied by a de-
scription. A very singular groove, not found in the Mazatlan
specimens, appears in all the specimens of G. explanata, and
gives name to the shell. It is, however, a mere accident of
growth, differing in every individual, and often not appearing
till the animal approaches maturity. A specimen in situ, in the
Smithsonian Institution, fortunately reveals the cause of this
unique appearance. The creature goes to live in at the outer or
pipe-end of the burrow of a bivalve, which remains at the other
end after the animal has perished. The growth of the shell is
normal till it has attained the breadth of the pipe, be that greater
or less. It then increases down the pipe, the vertex of the shell
being always turned towards the outer end. There is no groove
at this period of its growth, and when the vertex is rubbed off
1 1 6
(as it generally is in elongated specimens), it can hardl}* be dis-
tinguished from similar specimens of the White Slipper. But
as soon as it has reached the bottom of the pipe, where the
dead bivalve (generally a Petricola, a creature with rather short
siphons), still remains undecomposed, it suddenly encounters an
unexpected obstacle. It wedges itself under this (to it) mighty
globe, and turns its delicate mantle, exuding the shelly skin up
the sides of the cavity, but in vain. There is nothing for it but
to retrace its steps, and back out. As it does so, every new
portion formed under the arched bivalve repeats the previous
concave impression, and the grooved slipper is the result. The
sharp instrument of the explanation of one author, and the
" perforation " of the other, is nothing but the little rounded
u clam " tightty wedged at the bottom of its burrow ; and the
same slipper-limpet freely developed under unconstrained influ-
ences, is probably the C. navicelloides of Nuttall, to ascertain
the characters of which we are still in want of perfect specimens.
, " To return to the W.hite Slipper on the back of our Thorn
Oyster. Among the young shells which appear to the naked
eye to be the young G. nivea, were some which under the micro-
scope displayed a much larger but smooth and imbedded nuclear
portion. On comparing these with similarly situated specimens
from the west coast of Africa and from other places, I found
them exactly identical. They probabty belong to the C. ungui-
formis of Lamarck. Now, it so happens that Prof. C. B. Adams,
who in general described every shell of Atlantic types as a new
species, if found on the Pacific coast, in this one instance felt
constrained to adopt the Lamarckian name for the unguiform
Slippers of Panama. It is not certain that in this one instance
he was correct. Some of the specimens he distributed under
the name are undoubtedly compressed and inverted forms of his
own C. nivea ; for every species may take the form of ungui-
formis when grown inside of a dead spiral shell, especially with
a dead hermit crab pressing against it. But there seems suffi-
cient evidence to believe that while each coast has its special
species of slipper-limpets, each one of which assumes protean
changes, there is in this one species which has been scattered, it
may be in dead shells, and on ballast, round the world, and to
be distinguished from all neighboring species by the peculiar
CRUCIBULUM. lit
character of the nuclear whorls. It is too much the custom
among collectors, and even among naturalists, to examine and
preserve only well-conditioned adult specimens. More may
often be learned from deformed and ' ugly ' shells ; and espe-
cially from series in all ages of development." PHILIP. C.
CARPENTER.
In preparing the following pages I have made use princi-
pally of:
W. J. Broderip. Descriptions of some new Species of Calyp-
traeidse. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, I, 3 colored plates. 1835.
This is almost a monograph of the family.
Lovell A. Reeve. Conchologia Iconica. Monographs of
Calyptrsea, Crepidula, Crucibulum, Trochita. 1858.
G. B. Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchy liorum. Monograph of
the family Calyptraeidse. 1883.
J. E. Gray. Notes on the specimens of Calyptrseidae in Mr.
Cuming's Collection. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1867.
Genus CRUCIBULUM, Schum., 181Y.
C. SCUTELLATUM, Gray. PL 31 , figs. 13-24 ; PI. 32, figs. 25-38 ;
PI. 33, figs. 39-43.
Shell solid, chestnut-brown or pale, with brown rays, polished
and often darker colored within, rudely radiately ribbed,
coarsely latticed by concentric ribs, or smoother and closely
radiately striated. Length, 2-2*5 inches.
West Coast of America from Chili to Mazatlan.
Varies greatly in sculpture, height, etc., giving rise to many
synonyms. The type form has been described as C. imbricatum,
Brod. (fig. IT), and the synonymy embraces C. corrugatumj
Carp. (figs. 18, 19), C. rugosum, Lesson, C. dentatum, Menke,
C. costata, Menke, C. Cumingii, Carp., C. extinctorium, Sowb.,
C. rude, Brod., C. gemmaceea, Val., C. pectinatum, Carp. (fig.
24), C. umbrella, Desh. (fig. 20) depressed specimens, and
C. planata, Morch. C. concameratum, Reeve (figs. 21, 22), and
C. serratum, Brod. (fig. 23), are young shells.
118 CRUCIBULUM.
Yar. QUIRIQUINA, Lesson. PI. 32, figs. 30, 31.
Finely radiately costulate, or smooth. Mutations of this
form have been called C. trigonale, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 25), C.
ferrugineum, Reeve (fig. 26), C. lignaria, Brod. (figs. 27, 28),
C. tenue, Brod. (fig. 29) and C. spectrum, Reeve (figs. 30, 31).
Yar. AURICULATUM (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 32, figs. 34, 35.
Whitish or light brown, brown-speckled or unicolored, de-
pressed, rugosely irregularly radiately ribbed.
West Indies.
It can scarcely, except by locality, be distinguished from flat
specimens from the West Coast, yet the flatter rude form is
predominant in the West Indies, whilst in the former localities
it is exceptional. The s} r nonymy includes C. Cuvieri, Desh.,
C.planatum, Schumn., C. Caribbeense, Carp.
Yar. VIOLACEUM, Carpenter. PI. 32, figs. 36, 37.
Ribbed and colored like the preceding species, interior light
violaceous or violaceous brown. -,
Yar. TUBIFERUM, Lesson. PI. 32, figs. 32, 33, 38 ; PI. 33, figs.
39-43.
Closely radiately striated, distantly radiately costulate, the
riblets prickly with short or long tubular hollow processes.
West Coast of America, Chili to California.
Typical specimens of this form might readily be distinguished
as a species, but the intermediates connect it with var. quiriqui-
num. It is better known under the later name of C. spinosum,
Sowb. (fig. 38). Other synonyms are G. cinereum, Reeve (fig.
39), C. hispida, Brod. (fig. 42), C. Peziza, Gray, var. compresso-
conicum, Carp., C. maculatum, Brod. (fig. 43), and G. striatum,
Brod., not Say (= C. auritum, Reeve, figs. 32, 33), the last two
variations connecting with the smooth or finely striate variety.
C. STRIATUM, Say. PI. 33, figs. 44, 45.
Aperture orbicular, apex usually rather high, beaked,
surface radiately striate, cup broadly open, attached fully one-
third of its circumference ; brownish white, brownish within.
New England to New Jersey.
The type of the section Dispotaea, Say, which has no claim to
be separated from the main group.
CALYPTILEA. 119
C. RADIATUM, Brod. PI. 33, figs. 52, 53.
Conically orbicular, whitish rayed with dark chestnut without
and within, radiately striated and very closely finely ridged ;
internal appendage cup-shaped, produced, concavely compressed
on one side.
Bay of Caraccas.
Broderip describes the cup as " pressed in on one side, adher-
ing to the shell not only by its apex, but also by a lateral seain,
which scarcely reaches to the rim of the cup." A doubtful species.
Section BICATILLUS, Swainson, 1840.
C. EXTINCTORIUM, Lam. PL 33, figs 46-51.
Thin, shining, smoothish, apex elevated and twisted; brownish
white, more or less rayed or spotted with chestnut ; interior
appendage small, cornucopia-shaped.
Malacca, Singapore, Mauritius.
It is C. Isevigatum of Chenu, C. morbidum, Reeve (figs. 48, 49),
and G. lividum, Reeve (figs. 50, 51), a brown variety.
C. VERRUCOSUM. Reeve. PI. 33, figs. 54, 55.
Shell orbicular, conical in the middle, top central, somewhat
mamiiiary, yellowish cream-color, rather opaque, more or less
rayed and spotted with chestnut, surface interruptedly laterally
wrinkled ; cup small, cornucopia-shaped.
Yucatan (Norman).
Described without locality, which is supplied from specimens
in Mus. Philad. Acad.
C. MAMMULA, Rochebrune. (Unfigured.) Senegambia.
Genus CALYPTRJBA, Lamarck, 1799.
C. SINENSIS, Linn. PI. 34, figs. 56, 57 ; PI. 30, fig. 7.
Orbicular, thin, smooth or finely scaled, shining within; white
or yellowish white.
Europe.
Dr. Jeffreys writes : "It would seem that this mollusk seldom,
if ever, leaves its place of abode. I found some at Sark, living
attached to small pebbles, each pebble having scarcely a broader
surface than the circumference of the shell, which closely fitted
the sinuosities of the stone. Both shell and pebble were en-
120 CALYPTR^EA.
crusted by nmllipore, and had the same appearance. The mark
of adhesion is glossy, but does not show any excavation. Ac-
cording to Andouin and Milne-Edwards the female hatches her
eggs, and keeps the fry between her foot and the foreign body
to which she adheres ; her patelloid shell thus serves not only to
cover and protect herself, but is also a shield for her offspring.
The eggs are yellow, and inclosed in membranous capsules, which
are flattened, transparent, and filled with an albuminous matter.
These little sacs are from six to ten in number, connected one
with another by a pedicle, and arranged like the petals of a rose ;
each capsule contains ten to twelve eggs. The fry resembles
that of Velutina Isevigata in shape and sculpture ; and the ani-
mal at this stage of growth has large ciliated neck-lobes, as in
other Gastropoda." Brit. Conch., iii, 275.
It is C. vulgaris, Phil. ; C. squama, Desh. ; G. mamma, Sie-
maschko ; C. laevigata, Lam. ; G. muricata, Costa; C.spinulosa,
Chemn.; C. albida, Donov. ; C. succinea, Risso; C. Polii, Scacchi ;
C. spirata, Nardo ; G. carinaria, Bon., besides a number of fossil
synon3 r ms.
C. SUBREFLEXA, Carpenter. PI. 34, figs. 58, 59.
Reddish brown, aculeately radiately striated ; internal appen-
dage lateral, appressly effused.
Gulf of California.
C. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PI. 34, figs. 60, 61.
Depressed orbicular, pellucid, finely concentrically striated;
livid white ; internal appendage rather depressly septum-shaped.
Philippine Islands.
C. CONICA, Brod. PL 34, figs. 62, 63.
Rather thin, concentrically striated ; yellowish white, radi-
ately subtessellatety marked with chestnut, interior bluish white
with the markings chestnut-violaceous ; internal appendage
diaphanous, thin, effused.
West Columbia to Acapulco.
C. MAMILLARIS, Brod. PL 34, figs. 64-75, 78-81.
Rather thin, smooth, with growth-lines ; whitish, becoming
purplish or brownish purple on the spire, the mamillary apex
brownish ; interior light brownish or violaceous.
Valparaiso, Panama, Mazatlan, Sta. Barbara, Gal.
'Payta to Guayaquil (d'Orbigny).
OALYPTR^EA. 121
The synonymy includes G. regularis and C. aspersa (figs. 80,
81), C. B. Ad., G. Lamarckii, Menke, C. lorica, Brod. (Gray),
C.fastigiata, Gould v figs. 66, 67), from Puget Sound, C. solida,
Reeve (tigs. 68, 69), C. lichen, Brod. figs. 70, 71), C. unguis,
Brod. (figs. 72, 73), a distorted young specimen, and C. poculum,
Reeve (figs. 74, 75) = C.fusca, Carp., both young specimens.
C. clypeolum, Reeve (figs. 78, 79) = G. Magellanica, Gray,
said to come from Straits of Magellan may be added,
C. CANDEANA, d'Orb. PL 34, figs. 76, 77, 82, 83.
Small, rounded, thin, spire elevated, growth-lines rugose,
sometimes obsoletely finely radiately striated, white.
West Indies.
It is C. occidentalism Gray, and C. Chinensis, Guilding. G.
lamellosa, A. Ad. (figs. 82, 83), does not appear to have any
distinctive character.
Unfigured Species.
C. PARVULA, D unker. West Indies.
C. CONTORTA, Carp. California.
C. DECIPIENS. Phil. Sts. Magellan.
C. SELLA, Menke. Hob. unknown.
C. VESTITA, Phil. Hob. unknown.
C. SPINIFERA, Gray. Kurrachee.
C. RADIATA and C. RADIOLA, Desh. Hab. unknown.
C. ARIETINA, Rochebrune. Sqnegambia.
Subgenus INFUNDIBULUM, Montfort, 1810.
C. RADIANS, Lam. PL 35, figs. 84-88.
Orbicular, depressed, or elevated radiately subnodulously
ribbed ; whitish or yellowish white, under a yellowish brown
fibrous epidermis, interior white, more or less stained with
chocolate, the septum white. Diam. 2-3 inches.
Peru, Chili.
The synonyms are C. Peruviana, Desh., C. concamerata,
Mart., C. costellata, Phil., C. Trochiformis, GmeL, C. Trochoides,
Dillw., C. Araucana, Lesson, C. sordida, Brod. (fig. 86), a
young shell, C. spirata, Forbes (fig. 87), a darker colored
specimen, said to come from the Gulf of California, but the
habitat has not been confirmed, although probable, and C. corru-
122 CALYPTR^A.
gata, Reeve (fig. 88). A specimen of this species was collected
(dead) at the island of Inagua, Bahamas, by Dr. J. J. Brown,
and is in the museum of the Philadelphia Academy.
C. INTERMEDIA, .d'Orb. PI. 35, figs. 89, 90.
Orbicular, thin, whitish, longitudinally costate, inner margin
of the lamina reflected over the blade.
Peru.
I know nothing of this shell, said to be rare. Is it an
aberrant young G. radians ?
Unfigured Species.
C. SCUTUM, Lesson (C. TENUIS, Gray said to be a syn.).
N. Zealand.
C. VENTRICOSA, Carp. (= C. RADIANS?) Mazatlan.
,C. PHLYCTIPHERA, Rochebrune. Senegambia.
Subgenus SIGAPATELLA, Lesson, 1830.
C. PILEOLUS, d'Orb. PL 35, figs. 91, 100.
Thin, smooth, with revolving distant riblets, thin, diaphanous,
white.
Patagonia, Falkland Is.
C. HELICOIDEA, Sowb. PI. 35, figs. 92, 93.
Whorls oblique, divaricately costate, orange-brown.
Hob. unknown.
C. LATERALIS, Sowb. PI. 35, figs. 94, 95.
Divaricately rugosely ribbed, whitish stained and radiated
with chestnut.
Hob. unknown.
C. CALYPTR^IFORMLS, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 96-99.
White or yellowish white, marked by growth-lines, spire often
light violaceous, covered 03^ a thin fibrous yellowish epidermis,
interior white, more or less stained or blotched with violet.
Australia, New Zealand, IViti Is., etc.
Lamarck described this species as a Trochus, and Deshayes in
removing it to the genus Calyptrsea, changed the specific name
to Lamarckii. I have thought it best to restore the original
name, although rather objectionable. In no case could Deshayes'
name be used, for the next in priority is Sowerby's equally
objectionable C. comma-notata ; then follow C. Novse-Zelandise,
CREPIDULA. 123
Lesson, G. tomentosa (figs. 96-98), and C. maculata (fig. 99) of
Quoy. It is also C. Chinensis of Chenu, not Linn.
Genus CREPIDULA, Lam., 1799.
The slipper-limpets are quite as variable as either of the pre-
ceding groups, and the definitive arrangement of the species
will require continued observation of the growth of shells from
the same brood under diverse conditions. I take the species as
conventionally recognized, although fully aware of some facts
which, at least, militate strongly against the retention of some
of them. As in most attached genera the form and sculpture
are influenced by the surface of attachment ; thus a species flat
and suborbicular when attached to a similar surface will become
high and compressed if growing on the spire of a narrow-
whorled shell.
G. unguiformis, Lam., is generally found on the inside of
large univalve shells, such as Naticas, Fulgurs, etc., and has the
upper surface concave, and the color white ; and Gray thought
that the same species became G. fornicata, Gmel., convex, with
radiating chestnut spots, when attached externally ; but ungui-
formis whilst appearing to prefer the interior station, yet is
sometimes found on the outside of shells, still preserving .its
white color and long shape, but becoming somewhat convex.
The admitted cosmopolitan distribution of G. unguiformis
points to a large geographical range in the other species ; yet
the protected station usually chosen by that species is probably
conducive to its spread and acclimation.
Gray writes (Zool. Proc., 737, 1867): "Messrs. H. and A.
Adams formed the genus lanacus for the white flat specimens of
this genus. All the specimens of the different species that take
up their residence in the inside of the shell assume this form
and color. It has been suggested that, instead of being depend-
ent on the accident of locality, their living in such places is a
habit peculiar to the species, and a proof that they are of a dis-
tinct kind. This theory is set at rest by the fact that some
specimens of the shell show the two states ; that is to say, an
animal growing on the outside of a shell has moved to the inside,
and an animal that commenced life on the inside of a shell has
124 CREPIDULA.
moved to the outside. In the first case the apex of the shell is
convex and brown, and the circumference white and flat; in the
other the apex is flat and white, and the circumference brown
and convex. I have seen one specimen in which the animal has
moved twice, and the shell has a brown tip and margin and a
white flat intermediate space."
I have seen many thousands of specimens of the American C.
fornicata and C. unguiformis, but never noticed any showing
the change above recorded.
The spinous ribbing of C. aculeata is very probably not a spe-
cific character, yet it occurs in connection with a general facies
which is easily recognizable as specific, although not readily
definable.
C. FORNICATA, Linn. PL 36, figs. 1-8.
Smooth, whitish or pink white, with radiating irregular chest-
nut lines often broken up into spots, interior more or less stained
with brown or violaceous. Length, 2 inches.
East Coast of United States from Maine to Florida;
West Indies, Brazil, etc.
I figure a ribbed specimen (fig. 2). The synonymy includes
C. gibbosa, Defrance ; C. nautarum (Humph. ),Morch ; C. Riisei,
Dunker; C. maculosa, Conrad; C. depressa, Sa} r , has been
referred to C. unguiformis, Lam., but specimens presented* to
the Philada. Academy by Mrs. Say are young fornicata. C.
protea, d'Orb., includes this species and C. unguiformis, and is
said to extend from West Indies to Patagonia. I am somewhat
in doubt as to the West Coast distribution of this species as
assumed by Dr. Gray. Most of the Pacific forms which that
naturalist has associated with C. fornicata appear to me dis-
tinguishable by perhaps slight, but sufficiently recognizable
characteristics; C. arenata, Brod. (figs. 4, 5), however, said to
occur at St. Elena, West Columbia, where it was obtained by
Cuming, appears to be absolutely identical, and C. Patagonica,
d'Orb. (figs. 6, 7), differs only in being more rounded in outline
(in the figure) than the usual form of fornicata. G. Aplysioides,
Reeve (fig. 8), from Rio Janeiro, may be added. The shell
which Reeve has figured under the name of C. nautiloidea, -Les-
son, also appears to be referable here.
CREPIDULA. 125
C. GLAUCA, Say. PL 36, fig. 9.
Rather flat, with a sharp pointed apex, yellowish brown with
radiating rows of chestnut spots, interior dark chestnut brown,
more or less mottled or spotted, septum white, diaphanous.
Length, '75 inch.
Long Island Sound to North Carolina.
The darker color and smaller size distinguish this from
the preceding species, but I am not at all sure that it is more
than a varietal state of the young shell. Reeve's figure probably
represents a colorless C.fornicata.
C. CONVEXA, Say. PI. 36, fig. 10.
Convex, with somewhat trigonal outline, high back and ob-
liquely beaked apex ; whitish or glaucous radiately lined with
chestnut spots, with sometimes larger nebulous chestnut-purple
markings. Length, '75 inch.
Nova Scotia to Florida.
The form of this species is due to its attachment on the crus-
tacean Eupagurus longicarpus and the gastropod Ilianassa
obsoleta. The preceding species has been supposed identical
with this, and simply modified by attachment to broad flat sur-
faces ; this may be so, yet the present is a smoother, lighter-colored
heavier shell. Its identity with C. fornicata is not improbable.
C. navicula (Bunker), Morchja West Indian form, insufficiently
described, and unfigured, is probably a synonym.
C. ADSPERSA, Dunker. PL 36, figs. 11,12.
Ovate, more or less convex, rugulose 1 , white with chestnut
spots, epidermis olivaceous. Length, 1 inch.
Benguela.
Possibly a form of the last species.
C. LENTIGINOSA, Sowb. PL 36, figs. 13, 14.
Yellowish chestnut-colored, with purple chestnut radiating
series of spots. Length, 1 inch.
Cape of Good Hope.
Perhaps identical with C. convexa, Say, and the last species.
C. CAPENSIS, Quoy. PL 36, figs. 15, 16.
Suborbicular, flattened, radiately, obsoletely striated, chestnut-
brown, brighter colored within. Length, 1-25 inches.
Cape of Good Hope.
126 CREPTDULA.
This species differs in form from the last as C. glauca does
from C. convexa.
C. PORCELLANA, Linn. PI. 37, fig. 22.
Apex slightly beaked, whitish, maculated and divaricately
stained with purplish chestnut spots. Length, 1'25 inches.
Senegal ; Indian Ocean ?
It is very doubtful whether this is distinct from C. fornicata ;
a sharper apex and divaricating color-lines appear to be its chief
points of difference.
C. MOULINSI, Michaud. PI. 36, fig. 17.
Oval, depressed, smooth or slightly rugose, chestnut-brown.
Length, 1-1-25 inches.
Mediterranean Sea.
Is C. fornicata, Phil., and C. gibbosa, Desh. Dr. Jeffreys and
other good authorities consider this to = C. fornicata.
C. LESSONIT, Brod. PI. 36, figs. 18-21 ; PI. 37, figs. 22-25.
Rather flat, concentrically laminarly frilled, frequently ra-
diately costulate, white, sometimes radiately lineated with chest-
nut. Length, 1 inch.
West Coast of Central America to Monterey, Cat.
C. fimbriata, Reeve (figs. 20, 21), said to come from " Van-
couver's Straits," C. squama, Brod. (fig. 23), C. nivea, C. B. Ad.,
C. striolata, Menke, and probably C. namcelloides and C.
exuviata, Nutt., C. explanata, Gould (figs. 24, 25), and C. per-
forans, Val., are sjmonyms. C. explanata has the form of G.
unguiformis, but Carpenter places it here.
Carpenter (Mazat. Cat., 281), describing this species under
Prof. C. B. Adams' name of C. nivea, writes as follows con-
cerning it :
; ' This creature, when flat and finely grown, is the C. squama
of Broderip. The same shell, when coarsely grown, more convex
and without brown stripes, is C. nivea, C. B. Ad. When the
layers of which it is composed, instead of lying regularly one
over the other, are slightly prominent, it becomes C. striolata,
Menke. When they are drawn forwards and project it becomes
C. Lessonii, Brod. The name of Prof. Adams is retained, in
preference to the prior ones of Broderip and Menke, as repre-
senting the normal condition of the shell.
CfcEPIDULA. 127
u In the squama stage it appears as a very thin, flat shell ; with
the vertex generally lustrous brown, sometimes white ; from this
radiate a greater or less number of brown lines, sometimes more
or less broken into dots, gradually losing themselves in the
white texture of the shell, sometimes reappearing at the margin,
sometimes altogether absent. Yery rarety a rich lustrous brown
is developed inside, shading into a sea-weed green. The shell is
covered with a copious yellowish green epidermis, which lies in
a fringe round the sharp margin. In its ordinary state, the
texture has a tendency to run into layers. The epidermis does
the same, the layers being in shreds and very copious."
C.. DORSATA, Brod. PL 37, figs. 26-30 ; PI. 38, fig. 41.
Thin, wide, irregularly longitudinally corrugated or rudely
ribbed, or smoothish, whitish or yellowish, sometimes violaceous
within ; septum bilobed. Length, *75 inch.
Mazatlan to California.
So distorted is this species in some instances that the apex is
somewhat distant from the margin, and the attachment of the
septum is lateral, so that it was described as a Calyptnea.
C. bilobata, Gray (figs. 26, 27), is a smooth, chestnut-rayed
form of this species; C. lingulata, Gould, is described from a
worn specimen of it. C.foliacea (fig. 28), and C. strigata (figs.
29, 30), Brod., referred by Carpenter to the next species, appear
to me more likely to belong here, if they are not C. aculeata,
Gmel.
C. DILATATA, Lam. PL 37, figs. 31-34 ; PL 38, fig. 42.
Oval, broad, rather thick, smooth, but with distinct growth-
lines ; whitish, under a yellowish brown, thin epidermis, interior
white, but the margin usually stained or radiately lineated with
chestnut ; apex much curved to the side of the shell.
Length, l'5-2'5 inches.
Western Coast of America from Patagonia to Alaska ;
Kamtschatka.
Distinguished by its rugose growth, inflated form, interior
marginal coloring. The synonymy is very large : C. depressa,
Desh., C. Peruviana, Lam., C. patula, Desh., C. Adolphsei,
Lesson, C. nautiloides, Lesson, C. pallida, Brod. (fig. 32), C.
arcuata (Brod.), Orb., C. princeps, Conr., C.preerupta, Conrad,
128 CREPIDULA.
C. grandis, Midd. (fig. 33), C. minuta, Midd. (fig. 42), and G.
nummaria, Gould (fig. 34), the latter from the interior of shells,
hence flattened. It appears to me that nummaria might as well
be referred to C. Lessoni as here, and that C. explanata, which
is placed in the synonymy of G. Lessoni, could also be equally
well placed here ; further, these flat, interior-growing specimens
of Crepidula from the West Coast have about as much right to
a distinctive place as has C. unguiformis.
C. MONOXYLA, Lesson. PL 37, figs. 35, 36.
Whitish, elongated, contorted, high-convex.
Length, 1-25-1 '5 inches. New Zealand.
This species does not appear to have any special character-
istics ; a G. unguiformis growing on the outside of a narrow
shell would be apt to take on the same form. C. contorta, Quoy
(figured), and C. profunda, Hutton, are synonyms.
C. ONYX, Sowb. PI. 37, figs. 37, 38; PL 38, figs. 43-50; PL
39, fig. 59.
Rather thick, rugose, smooth or rarely radiately costellate,
chestnut or chocolate-colored within and without, sometimes
obscurely chestnut-rayed, the septum usually white.
Length, 1*5-2 inches. Panama to California.
Carpenter, in his Mazatlan Catalogue, endeavors to distin-
guish G. rugosa, Nuttall (fig. 37), from this species; the latter
having a shaggy epidermis, whilst that of rugosa, though some-
what lamellar, is glossy, never shaggy. The numerous speci-
mens before me, from many localities, do not seem to establish
this distinction, and probably the shaggy epidermis is the
result of rough water. I suspect that G. adunca, Sowb., with
its sharp ele'vated beak, although placed from this character in
a distinct section, will prove to be an onyx growing upon more
restricted surfaces.
The synonymy will include G. hepatica (fig. 38), perhaps of
Deshayes, at any rate, of C. B. Adams ; but whether the C.
hepatica so identified by Krauss, or his var. complanata (fig. 45),
from the Cape of Good Hope, are identical, remains doubtful :
I can see no difference, judging from the figures. G.immersa,
Angas (figs. 46, 47), from Australia, also appears the same. To
NATICID^E.
PLATE 21
-
JF
'- ""iui^t
16
^1
PLATE 22
NATICIDyG.
PLATE 23
38
ISTATICIE^E.
PLATE 24
55
57
49
56
PLATE 25.
%
72
88
87
79
83
85
84'
NATICID^E.
PLATE 26.
NATICID^E.
PLATE 27.
NATICIDJE.
PLATE 28.
55 56
NATICIE^E.
PLATE 29
4-6
87
89
CALYPTR^EID^E. TURRITELLIDyE.
PLATE 3O
-r-
CALYPTFUEID^E.
PLATE 31
23
1
21
PLATE 32
27
33
?
31
2b
<^?\
36
30
PLATE 33
4-7
mi
53
J
CREPIDULA.
these are to be added G. amygdalus, Yal., C. Ccri[/n\:-
Ad. (juvenile), C. marginalis, Brod. (figs. 48, 49), C. lirata,
Reeve (fig. 50), and perhaps C. Sitchana, Midd. (fig. 59).
Section GARNOTIA, Gray, 1867.
C. ADUNCA, Sowb. PI. 38, figs. 51-55; PI. 37, figs. 39, 40;
PI. 39, fig. 60.
Usually rather high, compressed on the sides, or subtriangular
with a sharp hooked beak distant from the margin, smoothish,
chestnut-brown, under a light yellowish brown epidermis, with
sometimes indistinct ra\ r s, more or less broken up into spots,
interior also chestnut color. Length, 1 inch.
Panama Sts. of Fuca.
A very common West Coast form, the distinctive character
of which may result mainly from its attachment ; the coloring
does not differ from G. onyx. The synonyms are G. solida,
Hinds (fig. 52), C. roxtriformis, Gould (figs. 53, 53 a), G.
uncata, Menke, G. fissurata, Sowb. (fig. 60), and G. rostrata, C.
B. Ad. C. excavata, Brod. (figs. 54, 55), is a large form, a
variety of which has been named fusco-punctata by Morch. C.
incur ua, Brod. (figs. 39, 40), is normally radiately ribbed, but
intermediates occur between it and the smooth typical form.
Section CRYPTA (Gray), Fischer, 1885.
C. ACULEATA, Gmel. PI. 39, figs. 61-65.
Oval, moderately convex, apex lateral, spiral, surface covered
with radiating prickly or spinose ridges; whitish, yellowish or
brownish, often chestnut-rayed, interior often splotched or
rayed with chocolate, septum white. Length, 1-1*5 inches.
Florida to Patagonia, and West Coast, of America
northwards to Southern California, Sandwich
Islands, Japan, Australia, Mauritius, India, etc.
A cosmopolitan species, varying in the development of the
spines, and with a considerable s\'iionymy : C. echinus (fig. 63)
and C. hystrix (fig. 64), of Broderip, C. Galifornica, Nuttall,
MS., C. costata, Menke (fig. 65). C. strigata and C. foliacea,
Brod., which I have referred to the synonymy of G. dorsata,
may possibly belong here.
9
130 CREP1DULA.
Section IANACUS, Morch, 1852.
C. UNGUIFORMJS, Lam. PL 39, figs. 66-68.
Narrow, upper surface, usually flat or concave, with apex
direct and marginal, somewhat lamellar, milk white, interior
highly polished, the septum convex. Length, 1 inch.
Nova Scotia to Texas, West Indies, Mediterranean Sea,
Peru, Panama to California. Australia,
New Zealand, Singapore, etc.
It is Patella crepidula, Linn., C. Italica, Defrance, C. calceo-
lina, Defrance, C. Deshayesii, Folin (figs. 67, 68), C.plana, Say,
C. sinuosa, Turton, G. Candida, Risso. Some authors have
contended that the European G. unguiformis is a different
species from our G. plana ; the comparison of large suites of
both will demonstrate their identity to any one.
Section SIPHOPATELLA, Lesson, 1830.
C. WALSHII, Hermannson. PI. 38, figs. 56-58.
Transverse, concave, white, beak lateral, internal appendage
oblique, inflected at the outer side. Width, 1*25 inches.
Ceylon, Singapore, China Sea, Japan.
It is C. plana, Ads. and Reeve, tfot Say, C- scabies, Reeve
(fig. 58).
C. CHINENSIS, Gray. PL 39, figs. 69-U.
Spiral, with one and a half or two whorls, pale brown or
whitish, internal plate thin with a lateral fold.
China.
Possibl} 7 identical with the preceding species and presenting
a more free growth of it. It is the type of Gray's group
Noicia.
, Unfigured and Undetermined Species.
C. CALYPTILEIFORMIS, Desh. Peru.
C. NERITOIDES, Recluz. = Genus Latia.
C. SUBSPIRATA, Blainv. Hob. unknown.
C. RUGULOSA, Dunker. Cape Good Hope.
C. NAVICELLA, Lesson. Hab. unknown.
C. CHILIENSIS, Lesson. Chili.
CAPULUS. 131
C. LAMELLOSA, A. Ad. Japan.
C. COSTULATA, Dunker. Hob. unknown.
C. LINEOLATA, Desh. Southern Seas.
C. STRIGILLATA, D anker. Hab. unknown.
C. EXCISA, Phil. Ins. Mergui.
C. ATRA, Phil. Hab. unknown.
C. GOREENSIS, Desh. Senegal.
C. HOLURTIIII, Perry.
C. TEGULICIA, Rochebrune. Senegambia.
Genus CAPULUS, Montfort, 1810.
C. HUNOARICUS, Linn. PI. 39, figs. 72-74.
Shell cornucopia-shaped with recurved apex, rather thin,
finely irregularly ribbed, disappearing towards the margin,
growth-lines conspicuous, irregular, undulating the surface of
the shell ; yellowish white to dull reddish brown, under a thin
yellowish brown epidermis, which is easily detached and seldom
remains on the upper part, interior white or pinkish.
Diam. l'5-2 inches.
Europe ; off Martlia's Vineyard^ Mass., 69 and 458 fms.
In British waters it is found in from 7 to 85 fathoms, attached
to rocks and large shells, especially frequenting o} T ster and
scallop beds. It is a common tertiary fossil.
The synon}'mns are C. Ungaricus, Lam., Pileopsis militaris,
Linn, (juv.), G. unguis, Sowb., C. dispar, Michelotti, Protomedea
ornata, Costa.
C. UNGARICOIDES, d'Orb. PL 40, figs. 82, 83.
Rather depressed, very thin, fragile, summit lateral and spiral ;
surface of the shell entirely smooth, but the epidermis has
some radiating raised lines ; rosy white with a few reddish rays.
Diam. 15-22 mill. Payta, Peru.
C. INTORTUS, Lam. PI. 39, figs. 75, 70.
Thin, very obliquely spiral, finely longitudinally rugosely
'costulate, somewhat obsoletely decussated by the growth-
sculpture ; aperture rounded ; white, the epidermis yellowish
brown, hairy. Length, 17 mill.
Florida, West Indies. Paumotus, Philippines, Mauritius.
132 CAPULUS.
A species having a wide distribution in warm seas. It is
? G. militarise Wood, C. incurvus, Gmel., G. liberatus, Pease
(fig. 76).
C. BADIUS, Danker. PI. 39, figs. 17, 78.
Laterally compressed, obsoletely radiately costulate, orange-
brown. Length, 15- mill.
Japan.
Has somewhat the aspect of a Hipponyx.
C. SAGITTIFER, Gould. PL 39, figs. 79, 80.
Smooth, thin, translucent white, with minute arrowhead-
shaped markings of more opaque white, arranged in quincunx
order. Diam. 6 mill.
Hob. unknown.
C. VIOLACEUS, Angas. PI. 39, fig. 81.
Laterally compressed, radiately striated, apex free, inclined
to the right ; internally with a very narrow rib, rounded at the
edge, situated in the cavity of the shell and extending on either
side nearly to the interior of the aperture ; interior violaceous.
Length, 16 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
Described from a single specimen.
Section CAPULACM^EA, M. Sars.
C. RADTATUS, Sars. PI. 40, figs. 84-87.
Thin, transparent, radiately. striate or smooth except growth-
lines, whitish or yellowish, faintly strigate with darker color,
under a thin yellowish epidermis, base rounded, apex small,
inclined. Length, 22 mill.
Circumboreal : Sea of Ochotsk, Alaska, Davids Strait,
Norway, Spitzbergen, Japan.
The synonymns are Pilidium commodum, Midd. (figs. 86, 87),
Piliscus probus, Loven, Capulus dilatatus (figs. 84, 85), and
C. depressuSj A. Adams.
ALLERYA KREBSIT, Morch, and PROPILIDIUM TENUE, Jeffreys,
both referred to this group, are members of the family
SIPHON ARIIDJS.
AMATHINA. 133
Section THYCA, H. and A. Adams, 1854.
C. ASTERICOLA, Ads. and Reeve. PL 40, fig. 88.
High-conical, sculptured with fine close-set radiating riblets ;
white ; margin crenulated. Alt. 6 mill.
Sooloo Sea, on the tubercle of a star-fish.
Unfigured and doubtful species of Capulus.
C. (THYCA) ELEGANS, Tapp. Canefri (unfigured). Papuan Mands.
C. CYTHER^EA, Lesson (unfigured). Tahiti.
C. PALEACEA, Menke (unfigured). Hab. unknown.
C. JAPONICUS, A. Adams (unfigured). Japan.
C. GARXOTII, Payr. = Gadinia.
C. SHREEVEI, Conrad. = Hinge process of Pholas costata, Linn.
Genus AMATHINA, Gray, 1842.
A. TRICOSTATA, Gmel. PL 40, figs. 89, 90.
White, apex posterior but not marginal, recurved, with distant
radiating low striae posteriorly and three strong anterior ridges,
diverging and causing a projection of the margin.
Length, 1 inch. East Indies, Japan.
Patella tricarinata, Linn., to which this is referred by H. and
A. Adams, is an entirely different shell.
A. NOBILTS, A. Ad. PL 40, fig. 91.
Shell shaped like Capulus, solid, white ; apex median, acute,
involute, turned to the right; strongly bicarinated, posterior
margin dilated. Length, 25 mill.
Saghalien Inland, Japan.
A. ANGUSTATA, Souverbie. PL 40, fig. 92.
Elongated, narrow, a little twisted, apex recurved, spiral ; with
three or four anteriorly directed strong carinations, the rest of
the surface with slighter radiating carinae. Length, 12 mill.
N. Caledonia.
A. TRIGONA, Sowb. (unfigured). Friendly Islands.
A. BICARINATA, Pease (unfigured). Sandwich Islands.
Judging from the descriptions, these two species are closely
allied, perhaps identical.
134 mproNYX.
Subfamily Hipponycinae.
Genus HIPPONYX, Defrance, 1819.
Sowerb}', in the first volume of his Thesaurus, has monographed
this genus, consisting then of five species, as a bivalve mollusk
in connection with Crania and Thecidium, mistaking the occa-
sionally formed calcareous base for an attached valve.
H. ANTIQUATUS, Linn. PI. 40, figs. 93-99.
White, apex posterior, concentrically rudely, closely laminated,
more or less distinctly radiately striated ; epidermis pilose.
Length, *75 inch.
Florida, West Indies, Senegal, Polynesia,
California, Panama, Peru', Australia.
The synonyms are H. mitrula, Gmel.; H. Panamensis, C. B.
Ad.; H.foliaceus, Quoy (fig. 98), and H. Cfozmas/brwm, Rochbr.
(fig. 99).
H. SERRATUS, Carpenter. PL 40, fig. 100.
Differs from H. antiquatus in the character of the base of the
shell (margin of aperture), which is broad and flat, made up of
very numerous close-set lamellae, deeply serrated into large,
scarcely rounded lobes ; the interstices are filled with epidermis,
in irregular ribband-like shreds. Length. 1 inch.
Mazatlan.
Living attached to each other or to other shells. H. foli-
aceus, Menke (not Qnoy and Gaimard), is probiibly a
H. SUBRUFUS, Lam. PI. 40, fig. 1.
Shell orange or orange-red, decussated by radiating and con-
centric close striae. Length, '5 inch.
West Indies, Peru, Panama.
H. cernuus, Gmel., is probably identical.
H. tuberculatus, Carp., is similarly colored, with subcentral
apex, close radiating ribs and concentrically tubercnlate, base
thick, lamellate. Length, *5 inch.
Morch refers it here doubtfully. H. trigonus,Gmel., is said to
be flatter than subrufus, with stronger radiating sulci, and to
this Morch doubtfully refers H. barbatus, var. cosfaUahts of Car-
penter; it is perhaps only a variety of subrufus.
HIPPONYX.' 135
H. BARBATUS, Sowb. PL 40, figs. 2, 3.
Shell depressed, apex suberect, subposterior, whitish, concen-
trically and rat! lately striated, with a pilose brownish epidermis,
aperture margin smooth. Length, *75 inch.
Mazallan, Galapagos Is., Polynesia, Japan,
Cape Good Hope.
It is H. australis, Menke, not Lam. H. pilosus, Desh. (fig. 3),
appears to be the same, and has priority, but the species is gen-
erally known as H. barbatus.
H. GRAYANUS, Menke. PI. 40, figs. 4, 5.
Apex subcentral, ribs fewer, coarser and more nodulous than
in H. barbatus, with softer, shorter, fewer and more irregular
hairs, base flat but verj r broad, rather rounded at the inner
margin, cren a ted at the outer, with numerous lamellae, undulated
but not serrated. Length, *75 inch.
Galapagos, Panama, Mazatlan, Sandwich Islands.
Described as H. radiatus, Gray, a name preoccupied by Quoy
and Gaimard, and by Desha3 T es, the latter for a fossil species. I
doubt its distinctness from H. barbatus.
H. CRANIOIDES, Carp. PL 40, figs. 6, 7.
Rounded, convexly planate, the apex subcentral, radiately
striate, concentrically laminate. Length, '85 inch.
Vancouver' ' Island.
H. lumens, Carp. (fig. 7\ is a somewhat higher form, less
worn by attrition, but having the essential characters of the
above ; it is reported from Sta. Barbara and S. Pedro, Cal.
Neither species has very good claims to recognition as distinct.
H. RADIATUS, Quoy and Gaimard. PL 41, fig. 8.
Shell radiateh" broadly costate, apex snbmedian. Dimensions
and habitat unknown.
This species was found on a Pterocera chiragra, consequently
is probably Polynesian. The figure is no doubt magnified, but
the dimensions are not given. It appears to me not unlike H.
auslralis, Quoy.
136 HIPPONYX.
H. AUSTRALIS, Quoy. PI. 41, figs. 9-15.
Rather thin, with broad flat radiating ribs and narrow inter-
stices, concentric sculpture rather faint or obsolete, apex erect,
subposterior ; whitish, or the interstices of the ribs sometimes
orange-brown, interior usually stained with orange-brown.
Length, 22 mill.
Australia, New Guinea, N. Zealand, Mauritius,
Viii Is., Japan.
II. acutnz, Quoy (figs. 12, 13), H. suturalis, Quoy (figs. 14, 15),
H., cornucopias, Hutton, H. orientalis, Dufo, are synonyms. It
is possibly AmaUhea conica, Sch'um. a name which would
have priority if its identity could be fully established ; another
older name which possibly belongs to this species is Patella
cassida, Dillw.
H. IMBRICATUS, Gould. PI. 41, figs. 16, 17.
Apex subcentral, surface rayed with forty to fifty ribs, which
are trellised by concentric growth-lines, yellowish white, chestnut-
color stains the interior. Length, 12 mill.
Sandwich Islands.
H. CRYSTALLINUS, Gould. PI. 41, figs. 18, 19.
White, ctiystalline, apex marginal, recurved, radiately ribbed,
ribs somewhat undulated by the growth-lines, aperture margin
thick behind, thin anteriorly. Length, 12 mill. Nab. unknown.
Described as a Capulus.
H. GRANULATUS, A. Adams. PL 41, figs. 20, 32.
Shell Capuliform, with compressed sides and posterior, declined
apex; reddish brown, with white granules disposed in radiating
series, and subflexuous concentric lines, reddish brown within.
Length, 16 mill.
West Coast of Africa.
Was found attached to the spine of a Cidaris, and reproduces
its granulations ; probably on a larger smooth surface the species
would be very different in form and ornamentation.
H. DANIELT, Crosse. PI. 41, figs. 21, 22.
Apex posterior, sharp; carmine, rest of surface brownish, radi-
ately striate, interior chestnut-colored, more or less varied with
carmine towards the apex. Length, 22 mill.
New Caledonia.
MITRULARIA. 137
The oblique undulating ribs of the original figures, reproduced
by me, are not of specific importance, resulting from a similarly
sculptured surface of attachment ; they do not exist on other
specimens. The species is mainly characterized by its attenu-
ated apex, thinness and color.
H. TICAONICUS, Sowb. PI. 41, figs. 23, 24.
Suborbicular, with the apex posterior and recurved, closely
radiately striate, whitish, under a pale fulvous hairy epidermis.
Length, 15 mill.
Philippines.
I doubt its distinctness from H. subrufus, Sowb.
H. RUGULOSUS, Dunker (unfigured). Samoan Is.
H. PLANATUS, Carpenter (unfigured). Mazatlan.
H. EFFODIENS, Carpenter (unfigured). West Indies.
H. MINOR, Garrett (unfigured). Sandwich Islands.
Genus MITRULARIA, Sehum., 1817. '
M. EQUESTRIS, Linn. PI. 41, figs. 25-32 ; PL 42, figs. 33-56 ; PI.
43, figs. 57-67, 70.
Nearly orbicular or irregular, rather solid, varying to papy-
raceous, rudely convex ; whitish, or more or less stained with
light yellowish ; radiately closely minutely ridged, or striated,
outer edge of base often closely crenulated. Basal plate con-
cave, platter-shaped, with puckered edge. Diam. 1-25 inches.
China Sea, Philippines, Indian Ocean,
Prince's IsL, W. Africa, W. Indies,
W. Coast of Central America, Galapagos Is.
I have interpreted this species in accordance with general
usage, the Linnean species being indeterminable. The synonomy
includes: ? M. Dillwynii, Gray, M. umbo, Reeve (fig. 27), M.
Neptunii, Dillw., var. costata, Morch, M. scutulum, Reeve (figs.
28, 29), M. stella, Reeve (fig. 31), M. cepacea, Brod. (fig. 30),
M. varia, Brod. (fig. 35), M. Layardii, Reeve (fig. 33), M.
Adamsi, Reeve (fig. 36) = M. depressa, Ad. and Reeve, not
Lamarck (fossil sp.), M. alveolata, A. Ad. (fig. 34), M. Vani-
korensis, Quoy (fig. 38), M. cancellata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 37),
138 M1TRULARTA.
M. Roissyi, Dufo, Lithedaplius longirostria, Owen, M. dormitoria,
Reeve (fig. 60), M. ossea, Reeve (fig. 39), H. Hipponiciformis,
Reeve (figs. 40, 41), M. cyathella, Reeve (fig. 42), M. bulla,
Reeve (tig. 43), M. slultorum, Reeve (fig. 44), M. Tongana, Quoy
(figs. 45, 46), M. pileopsis, Quoy (figs. 47, 48), M. chlorina,
Gould (figs. 49-51), M. radiosa, Gould (fig. 52). These forms
represent a great variety in shape and sculpture, and it is not
wonderful that, with the ideas prevalent among conchologists a
quarter of a century ago, they were described as distinct
species. I have, for convenience, separated a series of irregu-
larly corrugated forms as a variety, but they really connect
insensibly with the type.
Tar. TORTILIS, Reeve. Figs. 53-59, G1-6T.
Surface irregularly corrugated and folded, the folds longi-
tudinal, oblique or concentric, sometimes taking every direction,
and so thick as to obscure the radiating stria 1 .
West Indies , Philippines.
This form is very usual, especially in West Indian specimens.
M. diaphana (fig. 54), Reeve, M. Martiniana, Reeve (fig. 55),
M. uncinata, Reeve (fig. 5'7), M.papyracea, A. Ad. (figs. 58, 59),
M. cornea, Reeve (figs. 61, 62), M. cicatricosa, Reeve (fig. 56),
M. saccharimeta, Reeve ffig. 63), M. Balanoides, Reeve (fig. 64),
M. porosa. Reeve (figs. 65, 66), and M. fibulata, Reeve (fig. 67),
are all synonyms.
Tar. ACULEATA, Reeve. Fig. 70.
Radiately striate and scaled, or short spinose.
Honduras.
M. tubifera, Gray (un figured), from the same locality, is doubt-
less a synonym.
M. CORRUGATA, Brod. PI. 43, figs. 68, 69.
Suborbicular, apex subcentral, rugosely radiately ribbed and
striated, ribs scaly towards the margin ; whitish, or light }-ellow-
ish brown. Diam. 40 mill.
Guacomayo, Central America.
Found by Cuming, under stones at 14 fms. A beautiful form,
but perhaps not specifically distinct from M. equestris.
MITRULARIA. 139
M. TECTUM-SiNENSE, Lam. PL 43, figs. 11-74.
Whitish, racliately striated or nearly smooth, with concentric
lamellre, free at the edges. Diam. 1 inch.
Philippines.
The well-known " Chinaman's hat/' M. scabies, Reeve (fig. 74),
is a synonym, and connects with varieties of M. equestris.
M. RUGULOSA, Dunkcr (unfigured). Swain's Isl.
M. LACTUCACEA, Rocliebrune (unfigured). Senegambia.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Aberrans (Calyptraea), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 330.
= Anomia.
Acrocnlia, Phillips. Palseoz. Foss., 1841.
= Platyceras, Conrad, . . . . . . .107
Actita, Fischer de Waldheim. Advers. ZooL, iii, 1825.
= Capulus, Montf. . . . . . . . .105
Aculeata (Calyptrsea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, fig. 31 a, 6,
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. . . . 138
Aculeata (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3693, . 112, 127, 129
Acuta (Crepidula), H. C. Lea. Am .Jour. Sci., 1 ser. xlii,
108, t. 1, f. 4. = C. convexa, Say.
Acntus (Hipponyx), Quoy. Toy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi. 72, 35,
36. = H. australis, Quoy, 136
Adamsii (Calyptrsea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 7, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . . . .137
Addisonia, Dull., 1882, 107
Adolphan (Crepidula), Lesson. Toy. de la Coq., ii. 391.
= C. dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. . . . . .127
Adspersa (Crepidula), D linker. Mollusca Guineensis, 34,
1853, . . 125
Adunca (Calyptrsea), Sowb. Tank. Cat., app. 7, No. 82^,
1825, 128, 129
Albida (Patella), Donovan. Brit. Shells, iv, t. 129.
= Calypt. Sinensis, Linn. 120
140 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Allerya, Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 100, 1877.
= Williamia (Siphonariidae), 132
Alveolata (Calyptrsea), A. Ad., MS. Reeve, Icon., vol. xi,
sp. 8, 1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . 137
Amalthea, Sebum. Essai nouv. Syst., 181, 1817.
= Hipponyx, Defrance, 108
Amathina, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 63, 90, 1842, . 106, 133
Amygclalus (Crepidula), Valenciennes. Voy. Venus, pi. 15.
= 0. onyx, Sowb 129
Angustata (Amathina), Souverbie. J. de Conch., p. 43,
1875; p. 72, t. 1, f. 6, 1877, . . 133
Antiquatus (Hipponyx), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1259, 134
Aplysioides (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 19.
= C. fornicata, Linn. ....... 124
Araucana (Calyptraea), Lesson. Zool. de la Coq., ii, part 1,
No. 156, 1830; Gueriu's Mag., 1831, t. 14.
= Cal. radians, Lara. . . . . . . .121
Arcuata (Crepidula), Brod. Brit. Mus. Cat., xxvii, So.
Am., 49. = Crep. arenata, Brod.
Arcuata (Crepidula), " Brod.," Orb., Gray. Brit. Mus. Cat.,
xxvii, 49. = C. dilatata, Lara. ' 127
Arenata (Crepidula), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxix, 7.
= fornicata (Crepidula), Linn. ..... 124
Arietinus (Galerus), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom., 180,
1882-3, . ..121
Aspersa (Trochita), C. B. Ad. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist.,v,
443, 1852, .... 121
Astericola (Pileopsis), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, 69,
pi. xi, f. 1, 1848, 133
Atra (Crepidula), Phil. Menke's Zeitsch., 68, 1851, . . 131
Auriculata (Patella), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 336, pi. clx.
= scu tell a turn, Gray, var. . . . . . . .118
Auritum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 17, 1859.
= C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . . . . . 1 118
Australis (Hipponyx), JVIenke. Zeit., 180, 1847.
= barbatus (Hipponyx), Sowb. ..... 135
Australis (Hipponyx), Quov. Voy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi. 72,
25-34, . . 136
Badius (Capulus), Dkr. Moll. Mar. Japan, 124, t. 13, f.
15-17, 1882, 132
Balanoides (Calyptnea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 21,
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. . . . 138
Barbatus (Hipponyx), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 5, 1835, .135
Bicarinata (Amathina), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,399, 133
Bicatillus, Swains. Malac, 354, 1840, . . .102,119
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 141
PA^E.
Bilobata (Crepidula), Gray. Zool. Proc., 745, 1861, . .127
Brocchia, Bronn. Zeit. Min., ii, 538, 1827, . . . .106
Broderipii (Crucibulura imbricatum, var.), Carp. Zool.
Proc., 168, 1856. = scutellatum (Crucibulnm), Gray.
Bulla (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi,sp. 4, 1858.
= Mitruiaria equestris, Liim. ...... 138
Calceolina (Crepidula), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 26.
= C. unguiformis, Lam l:jO
Californica (Cr.ypta), Nutt MSS.
= C. aculeata, Gmel 112, 113, 129
Calypeopsis, Lesson. Zool. Vo3'."Coquille, 1830.
= Crucibulum, Scluim 102
Calyptraea, Lam. Syst. an., 70, 1801.
= MitrnlaVia, Sebum 108
Calyptraea, Lamarck. Prodr., 1799, . . . 103, 108, 119
Calyptraeiformis (Calyptraa), Lam. Anim. sans vt., vii, 12, 122
Calyptrseiformia (Crepidula), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 27, No.
12, .... ...... 130
Cancellata (Calyptraea), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Sainarang,
70, pi. ii, lior. 4. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . 137
Candeanum (Calyptraea), d'Orb. Cuba., p. 190, . . .121
Candida (Crepidula), Risso. Hist. Nat. Ear. Merid., iv,
255,1826. = C. unguiformis, Lam 130
Capensis (Crepidula), Quoy. Toy. de 1'Astr., iii, 424, t. 72,
f.-13, 14, >...' 125
Capulacmaea, M. Sars, 105, 132
Capulus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 54, 1810, . .105,131
Caribbeense (Crucibulum Cumingii, var.), Carp. Zool.
Proc., 167, 1856. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . . 118
C.irinaria (Patella), Bonanni. = Calyptraea Sinensis, Linn. 120
Cassida (Patella-), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., 1032, 1815.
? = Hipponyx australis, Quoy, 136
Catillina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 744, 1867 102
Cemoria, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 258, 1S26.
= Mitrularia, Schum 108
Cepacea (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. 27, fig.
4, 1835. = Tectum-sinense (Calyptraea), Gray, . . 137
Cerithicola (Crepidula), C. B. Ad.. Panama Shells, 225.
= C. anyx, Sowb 129
Cernua (Patella), Gm. Syst. Nat., p. 3715, No. 120.
= Hipponyx subrufus, Lam. . . . . . .134
Chamaeformis (Amalthea), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
1881-2, p. 29 ; Nouv. Archives Mas., 2d ser., iv, 273.
= H. antiqnatus, Linn 134
Chiliensis (Crepidula), Lesson. Yoy. Coq., ii, 394, . . 130
142 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PA OK.
Chinensis (Galerus), Chenu. Man., f. 2350-2351.
= C. Calyptrseiformis, Lam 123
Chinensis (Calyptrsea), Guild. Swains. Treatise, 233, f. 42,
1840. = C. Candeana, d'Orb. . 121
Chinensis (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1257.
= C. sinensis, Linn.
Chinensis (Noicia), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 740, . 130
Chlorina (Calyptrsea). Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,ii, 1G1,
1846. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. .... 138
Cicatricosa (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 3,
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. . . . 138
Cinerea (Calyptraea), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842.
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var 118
Clypeola, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 735, 1867.
= Infundibnlum, Montf. 103
Clypeolum (Trochita), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 14,
1859. = Magellanica (Clypeolum), . . . .121
Cochlolepas, Klein. Ostrac., 119, 1753.
= Hipponyx, Defrance, 108
Comma-notata (Calyptrsea), Sowb. Tank. Cat., app. 7, No.
821,1825. = C. Calyptraeiformis, Lam. . . 122
Commodum (Pilidium), Midd. Siberische Reise., ii, 214,
1851. = Capulus radiatus, Sars, . . . . 132
Com plan ata, var. (Crepidula), Krauss Sudafr. Moll., 09.
= hepatica (Crepidula), Desh. 128
Compresso-conicum (Crucibulum spinosum, var.), Carp.
Zool. Proc., 167, 1856. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var. .118
Concamerata (Lepas), Martini. Conch., i, 152.
= C. radians, Lam. ........ 121
Concameratum (Crucibulum), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp.
23,1859. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var 117
Conica (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, t. 28, f. 6, 120
Conica (Amalthea), Schum. Essai nouv. gen., 181, t. 21, f.
4, 1817, 136
Contorta (Crepidula), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi. 72, f.
15,16. = monoxyla (Crepidula), Lesson, . . . 128
Contorta (Crepidula), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 35, 1851.
= C. onyx, Sowb.
Contortus (Galerus), Cpr. Proc. Cal. Soc., iii, 215, . 121
Convexa (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
ii, 227, .125
Cornea (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. 27, f. 5.
= M. equestris, Linn., var. ...... 138
Cornucopias (Hipponyx), Button. Cat. Moll. N. Zeal.;
Jour, de Conch., xxvi, 30. = H. australis, Quoy and Gaim. 136
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 143
PAGE.
Corrugata (Calyptraea). Broil. Trans. Zool. Soc , i, pi. 27,
fig. 2, 1835, "..... .... 138
Corrugata (Trochita), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 9,
1859. = Calyptnea radians, Lam 122
Corruoatum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1856,204. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . .lit
Costata (Crucibulum), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vii, 70.
= C. scutellatum, Gray, ....... 117
Costata (Calyptnea, var.}, Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 100.
== Mitrularia equestris, Linn 137
Costata (Crepidula), Desh., Lain. Anim. sans vt., vii, 644.
= C. aculeata, Gmel .129
Costellata (Calyptnea), Phil. Archiv. fiir Xaturg., 1845,62.
= C. radians, Lam. . . . . . . . .121
Costellatus (llipponyx), var., Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., 4,
1856. == H. subrufus. Lam 134
Costulata (Crepidula), Dkr. Menke, Zeitsch., 100, 1851, . 131
Cranioides (llipponyx), Carp. Ann. Mag. X. Hist., 3 ser.,
xiv, 1864 135
Crepidula, Lamarck. Proclr., 1799 103,123
Crepidula (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1257.
= unguiformis (Crepidula), Lam 130
Crepipatella, Lesson. Illust. Zool., t. 42, 1830.
= Crepidula, Lam 104
Crucibulum, Sebum. Essai nouv. syst., 182, 1817, .102,117
Crvpta, Humphrey. Mus. Callon, 17 ( J7.
= Crepidula, Lam . 104, 129
Crystallinus (Hipponyx), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist.,ii, 161, 1846, 136
Cumingii (Crucibulum imbricatum), var., Carp. Zool.
Proc., 167, 1856. = C. scutellatum, Gray. . . .117
Cuvieri (Calyptrsea), Desh. Regne Animal, pi. 48, f. 4.
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. .... 118
Cyathella (Calyptrsea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 29,
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . ... 138
Cythersea (Pileopsis), Lesson. Vov. Coq., ii, pt. i, 387,
1830, " 133
Danieli (Hipponyx), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 81, 161, 1858;
Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 205 ; 3 ser., ii, 22, . . . 136
Decipiens (Calyptrsea), Ph. Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1845, 61, 121
Dentatum (Crucibulum), Menke. Zeitsch., 1847.
= scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, .... 117
Depressa (Crepidula), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 26.
= C. clilatata, Lam 127
144 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAOB.
Depressa (Calyptrsea), Ad. and Reeve (not of Lamarck).
Moll. Voy. Samarang, 70, pi. xi, f. 2 a, b.
Mitrularia Adamsii, Rve 137
Depressa (Crepidula), Say. Jour. Pliilad. Acad., ii, 225.
= C. forniciita, Say, 124
Depressus (Capulus), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 1801, 138.
= C. radiatus, Sars 132
Deshayesii (Crepidula), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 29, 1867.
= C. unguiformis, Lam. . . . . . . .130
Diaphana (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 23, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. . . . . .138
Diaphorostoma, Fischer. Man. de Conch, 756, 1885.
= Platyostoma, Com*. . . . . . . .107
Dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert, Edit. Desh.
vii, 644, 127
Dilatatus (Capulus), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Dec., 1860, 422.
= C. radiatus, Sars 132
Dillwynii (Calyptraea), Gray. 1825, Brit. Mus., Cat. xxvii,
48. = M. equestris, Linn. . .... 137
Dispar (Pileopsis), Michelotti. Foss. Mioc. It. Sept., 136,
t. 5, f. 1, 2. = Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. . . .131
Dispotaea, Say. Jour. Pliilad. Acad., iv, 131, 1824.
= Crucibulum, Sebum.
Dormitoria (Calyptraea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 5,
1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . .137
Dorsata (Calyptraea), Brod, Trans. Zool. Soc., i, t. 28, f.
10, 1835, 127, 129
Echinus (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, 203, t. 29,
f. 1. = Crep. aculeata, Ginel 112, 129
Effodiens (Hipponyx), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 5, 137
Elegans (Capulus), Tapp.-Can. Museo Civico Genoa, ix, 286, 133
Equestris (Mitrularia), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit , xii, 1257, . 137
Ergaea, H. and A. Adams. Genera i, 370, 1854.
= Siphopatella, Lesson, 104
Excavata (Crypta), Brod. Pro. Zool. Soc., 46, 1834.
= C. adunca, Sowb 129
Excisa (Crepidula), Phil. Menke, Zeitsch., 24, 1849, . 131
Exogyroceras, Meek and Worthen, 1868, .... 107
Expfanata (Crepidula), Gould. Cal. and Mex. Shells, 4, t.
14, f. 7. ? = C. Lessonii, Brod 115,126
Extinctorium (Calyptraea), Lam. Anim. sans Vt., vii, 622. 118
Extinctorium (Crucibulum), Sowb. (non Lam.). Gen., f. 3.
= scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . . . 117
Exuviata (Crypta), Nutt. MS. Gray, Zool. Proc., 738, 1867.
= C. Lessonii, Brod. 115, 126
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 145
PAGE.
Faetigiata (Calyptrsea), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., ii, 161. = C. mamillaris, Brod 121
Ferruo-ineum (Crucibulum), Reeve. Conch. Icon.,xi, sp. 5.
1858. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray,. . . .118
Fibtilata (Calyptni*a), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 11, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn 138
Fimbriata (Crepidula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 11, 1859.
= Lessoni (Crepidula), Brod. ...... 126
Fissurata (Crepidula), Sowb. Tlies. Conch., sp. 10, 1883.
= C. adunca, Sowb 129
Foliacea (Caliptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, t. 28, f. 9,
1835. ? = Crep. dorsata, Brod 127, 129
Foliaceus (Hipponyx), Menke. Zeit., 1851, 30 (non Quoy.
and G.). = H. serratus, Carp. . . . . -134
Foliaceus (Hipponyx), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 72, f. 41-45. -
= H. antiquatus, Linn. . . . . . . 134
Fornicata (Crepidula), Phillippi. Moll. Sicil., i, 119, 1836.
= C. Moulinsii, Mich 113,126
Fornicata (Patella), Linn. 'Syst. Nat. 1257, . . .124
Fusca (Trochita), Carp. Thes. Conch. Index.
= Calyptnea mamillaris, Brod. ..... 121
Fusco-punctata (Crepidula excavata, var.), Murch. Mai.
Bla'tt., vii, 74. = C. adunca, Sowb. . . . .129
Galericulus, Seele} r . Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Scr. iii, vii, 292,
1861, ' 105
Galeropsis, Conrad (not Hupe), ...... 103
Galerus, Humphrey, 1707. = Calyptrrea, Lam.
Garnotia, Gray. Zool. Proc., 739/1867, . . 104,129
Garnotii (Pileopsis), Payraudeau. Cat. 94, pi. 8, figs. 3, 4.
= Gadinia, .133
Gemmacea (Calyptnva), var. Valenciennes. Voy. Venus.,
xv. = scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . . .117
Gibbosa (Crepidula), Def. Diet. Nat. Sci.,xi, 397, No. 2.
= C. fornicala, Linn 124
Gibbosa (Crepidula), Desli. Ann. sans Vert, Edit, ii, vii,
647. = C. Moulinsii, Mich. 126
Glauca (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 125
Goreensis (Crepidula), Desh. Lam. Anim. sans Vt., vii, 645, 131
Grandis (Crepidula), Midd. Malaco. Rossica, 101.
= C. dilatata, Lam 128
Granulatus (Capulus), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 176, 1853,
t. 20, f. 3, . 136
Grayanus (Hipponyx), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 115, 1853, . 135
10
146 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PA as.
Haliotidea, Swains. Malac., 354, 1840.
= Sigapatella, Lesson, ....... 103
Harttia, Walcott. Bull. tJ. S. Geol. Survey, No. 10, 18, 1884, 109
Helicoidea (Trochita), Sowb. Thes. Conch., xxxix, sp. 19,
1*83, 122
Hepatica (Crepidula), Desh. Enc. Meth, ii, 26, No. 7.
? = C. onyx, Sowb 128
Hipponiciformis (Calyptrsea), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp.
26, 1858. = C. equestris, Linn 138
Hipponyx, Defrance. Bull v des Sc., 9, 1819, . . 108, 134
Hispida (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, xxvii, f.
10, 1835. = Cruc. scutellatum, Gray, var. . . 112, 118
Holurthii (Crepidula), Parry. Thes. Conch. Index, . .131
Hungaricus (Capulus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1259, . 131
Hystrix (Calyptnea), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 39, 1834.
= Crep. aculeata, Gmel. 112, 113, 129
lanacus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., i, 146, 1852, . . . 104, 130
Igoceras, Hall, 1859, . ...... 107
Imbricata (Hipponyx), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nut.
Hist., ii, 161, .... . .136
Imbricatnm (Crucibulurn), Brod. Zool. Jour., i, t. 27, f. 7.
== scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . . . Ill, 117
Immersa (Crepidula), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc. ,57, 1865.
= C. rugosa, Nutt 128
Immersa (Crepidula), Ad. and Reeve. Sowerlty, Thes.
Conch. = C. porcellana, Linn.
Incurva (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3715.
= C. intortus, Lam.
Incurva (Crypta), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 40.
= C. adunca, Sowb ... 129
Incurvata (Crepidula), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Journ., iv,
370. = Incurva (Crypta), Brod.
Infundibulum, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 166, 1810, . . 103
Intermedia (Calyptrsea), d'Orb. Voy. Amer. mer., 463, t.
59, f. 4-6, 122
Intortus (Capulus), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vi, pt. 2,
18, 1822, 131
Intusconcamerata (Lepas), Martini. Conch. Cab.
= Calypt. radians, Lam.
Italica (Crepidula), Defr. Diet. Sc. Nat., xi, 397.
= unguiformis (Crepidula), Lam. ..... 130
Japonicus (Capulus), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 138,
1861, . ' . 133
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 147
PAGE.
Krebsia, Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 97, 1877.
= Hipponyx, Defrance, . . . . . . .108
Krebsii (Filiscus), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxiv, 100, 1877.
= Williamia, Monts. (Siphonariidae), . . . .132
Lactucacea (Calyptrjva), Rochebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
179, 1882-3, . . 139
Laevigata (Calyptraea), Chenu. Man., f. 2337.
= C. extinctorium, Lara. . . . . . . .119
Laevigata (Calyptraea), Lam. Aniin. sans vt., vii, 623.
= C. Sinensis (Calyptraea), Linn 120
Lamarckii (Calyptraea), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 186, 1847.
= C. mamillaris, Brod. ....... 121
Lamarckii (Calyptraea), Desh. Lamarck, Anim. sans vt.,
vii, 627, 1836. = C. Calyptneiformis (Trochita), Lam.
Lamellosa (Crepidula), (Crypta), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 297,
1862, 131
Lamellosa (Trochita), A. Ad. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., sp.
16,1883. == Cal. Candianum, Orb 121
Lateralis (Trochita), Sowb. Thes. Conch., xxxix, sp. 9,
1883, 122
Layardii (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 28, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn 137
Lentiginosa (Crepidula), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 18, 1883, 125
Lessonii (Crepidula), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc. ,i, 204, t. 29,
f. 5, 18JJ5, ... ... . 126, 128
Li be rat us (Capulus), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 284, pi.
24, f. 2, 1867. == C. intortus. Lam. . . . . .132
Lichen (Caiyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxviii,
f. 4, 1835. = C. mamillaris, Brod 121
Lignaria (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxvii,
f. 8, 1835. = Scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . .118
Lineolata (Crepidula), Desh. p]nc. Meth., ii, No. 4.
Lingulata (Crepidula), Gould. Otia. Conch.
= C. dorsata, Brod 127, 131
Lirata (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 30, 1859.
= C. onyx, Sowb 129
Lithedaplius, Owen. Zool. Proc., 147, 1842.
= Mitrularia, Schum. 108
Lividum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 25, 1859.
= C. extinctorium, Lam. . . . . . . .119
Longirostris (Lithedaplius), Owen.
- Mitrularia equestris, Linn 137
Lorica (Calyptraea), Brod. Brit. Mus. Cat., xxvii; Gray
(Orb., So. Am.), p. 47. = mamillaris (Calyptraea), Brod. 121
Lyroscapha, Conrad. = Crepidula, Lam 104
148 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGB.
Maculata (Catyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxvii,
4. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . , .118
Maculata (Trochita), Quoy. Yoy. de 1'Astr., iii, 422, pi. 72,
f. 6, 9, 1834. = C. Calyptmeii'ormis, Lam. . . .123
Maculosa (Crypta), Conr. Proc. Pliilad. Acad., 26, 1846.
= Crep. fornicata, Linn. . . . . . . .124
Magellanica (Clypeolum), Gray. Zool. Proc., 735, 1867.
= C. mamillaris, Brod 121
Mamillaris (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi
xxviii, 5, 1835, .... . .120
Mamma (Calyptraea), Siemaschko. Bulletin des Natur. de
Moscou, 1847, 122. = C. Sinensis, Linn. . . .120
Mammula (Dispotoea), Rocbebrune. Bull. Soc. Philom.,
179, 1882-3, 119
Marginalis (Crypta), Brod. Zool. Trans., i, 205, t. 29, f. 9,
1835. = C. onyx, Sowb 129
Martiniana (Calyptnea),Rve. Conch. Icon.,xi, sp. 13, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn., var. ..... 138
Metoptoma, Phillips. Geol. Yorksh., ii, 223, 1836, . .106
Militaris (Pileopsis), Linn. Mantissa, 552.
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn., juv. . . . . . 131
Militaris (Patella), Wood. Ind. Test., 1825.
?= Capulus intortus, Lam. . . . . . .132
Minor (Hipponyx), Garrett. Cal. Proc., vol. i, 103, . . 137
Minuta (Crepidula), Mid'd. Malacp. Rossica, 101.
= C. dilatata, Lam 128
Mitella, Leach. = Calyptrrea, Lam.
Mitrella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 740, 1867. = Mitrularia, Sehum. 108
Mitrula (Patella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3708.
;= Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. . . . . .134
Mitrularia, Schum. Essai nouv. Syst., 183, 1817, . 108, 137
Monoxyla (Calyptrsea), Lesson. Yoy. Coq., ii, pt. i, 391,
1830 ... 128
Morbidum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi,sp. 24, 1859.
= C. extinctorium, Lam. . . . . . . .119
Moulinsii (Crepidula), Mich. Bull. Soc. Linn. Brod., iii, 265.
= Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 680, 1882, 126
Muricata (Patella), Costa, Cat., 124.
= C. Sinensis (Calyptnea), Linn. . . . . .120
Nautarum (Crypta), Humph. Cat., 9, Morch, Mai. Blatt.
xxiv, 103, 1877. = C. fornicata, Linn 124
Nautiloides (Crepidula), Lesson MSS. 111. de Zool., pi. 42.
= C.dilatata (Crepidula), Lam. = C. fornicata, Linn. 124, 127
Navicella (Crepidula), Less. Yoy. Coq., ii, pt. i, 388, . 130
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 149
PAGE.
Navicelloides (Crepidula), Nutt Jay's Cat. of Shells, No.
3035. ? = C. Lessonii, Brod 116, 126
Navicula (Crypta), Dkr. MSS. Morch, Mai. Blatt., xxiv,
105,1877. ? = C. convexa, Say 125
Neleta, Gray. Zool. Proc., 743, 1867.
= Crucibulum, Schum. ....... 102
Neptunii (Calyptrsea), Dill. Descrip. Cat, 1017, 1885.
= C. equestris, Linn. .137
Neritoides (Crepidula), Recluz. Jour. de. Conch., 205, pi.
6, f. 16, 19, 1851. = Latia, Ibid., iii, 260, 1852, . . 130
Xivea (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 234, 1852, 1 15, 126
Nobilis (Amathina), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 312, 1867.
Novae-Zelandise (Calyptraea), Lesson. Voy. Coq., ii, 395,
1830. == C. Calyptrseitbrmis, Lam 122
Noicia, Gray. Zool. Proc, 740, 1867.
= Siphopatella, Lesson. ...... 104, 130
Nuramaria (Crepidula), Gould. Bost. Proc. Otia. Conch. 15.
= C. dilatata, Lam 128
Occidentals (Trochita), Gray. Fig. Moll. An., 1 850, iv, p. 84.
= Calyptraea Candiana. d'Orb. . . . . . .121
Onyx (Crepidula), Sowb. Gen, of Shells, No. 23, f. 2,. . 128
Ori'entalis (Hipponyx). Duf'o. Ann. Sci. Nat, 1840, 207.
- H. australis, Quoy, 136
Ornata (Protomedt-a), Costa^ p. 74, t. xi, f. 6 a, 6, c, Ann.
Mag. Nat Hist., 4th Ser., xii, 251.
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. . . . . . .131
Orthonychia, Hall. Geol. N. Y., iv, 171, 1843, . . .107
Osculans (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat, 1852.
= Scutellina.
Ossea fCalyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 19, 185S.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . . . .138
Paleacea (Pileopsis), Menke. Synopsis, p. 89, . . . 133
Pallida (Crepidula), Brod. Trans, Zool. iSoc.,i, 204, pi. 29,
f. 3, 1835. = C. dilatata, Lam 127
Panamensis (Ilipponyx), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 218.
_ Antiquatns (Hipponyx), Linn 134
Papyracea (Calyptraea), A. Ad. MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 6, 1858. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . 138
Parvulus (Galerus). Dkr. Jahrb. Mai. Ges., 1875, p. 244, . 121
Patagonica (Crepidula), d'Orb. Voy. Amer. mer., 464, pi.
58, 1, 2, 3. ? = C. fornicata, Linn .124
Patula (Crepidula), Desh. Encyc. Meth., ii, 27.
== C. dilatata, Lam 127
150 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAQB.
Pectinatum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856,
168. = C. scutellatum, Gray, lit
Pellucida (Calyptrsea), Rve. Trochita, f. 2, 1859, . . 120
Perforans (Calyptraea), Val. Toy. Venus, t. 24, f. 9, 1846.
= Crepidula Lessonii, Brod. ..... 115, 126
Peruviana (Calyptrsea), Desh. Encyc. Meth., ii, HO, 1830.
= Radians (Trochita), Lam .121
Peruviana (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert. edit. Desh.,
vii, 644. = C. dilatata, Lam 127
Phlyctiphera (Trochita), Rochebrune; Bull. Soc. Philom.,
179, 1882-3, 122
Pileolus (Calyptrea), d'Orb. Voy. Amer. mer., 463, t. 78,
f. 5, 6, .... . . 122
Pileopsis (Calyptraea), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi. 72,
figs. 19, 20. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . 138
Pileopsis, Lam. Extr. d'un Cours., 1812.
= Capulus, Montfort, . . . . - . .105
Pileus (Trochita), Lam. Deless. Icon., t. 34, f. 2.
= Calyptraea radians, Lam.
Pilidium, Midd. (not Forbes). Beitr. Mai. Ross., ii, 1849.
= Capulacmaaa, Sars, . . . . . . .105
Piliscus, Loven. Ofv. K. vet. Ak., 1859.
= Capulacmaea, M. Sars. . . . . . . .105
Pilosus (Pileopsis), Desh. Guerin's Mag. de Zool., pi. 9,
1831. = H. barbatus, Sowb. . . ... 135
Plana (Calyptraea), Ad. and Reeve*. Voy. Samarang, pi. xi,
f. 3. ="C. Walshii, Hermannson, . . . .130
Plana (Crepidula), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii,
226. = C. unguiformis, Lam ' . . 130
Planata (Crucibulum imbricatum, var.), Mb'rch. Mai.
Blatt., vii, 76. = C. scutellatum, Gray, . . .117
Planatum (Crucibulum), Schum. Essai nov. syst.
= C. scutellatum, Gray, var. . . . . . .118
Planatus (Hipponyx), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 298, 1857, . . 137
Platyceras, Conrad. Rep. Geol. N. Y., 1840, . . .106
Poculina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 742, 1867.
= Mitrularia, Schum. ..... .108
Poculum (Trochita), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 1, 1859.
= Calypt. mamillaris, Brod 121
Polii (Calyptraaa), Scacchi. Cat. = C. Sinensis. Linn. . 120
Porcellana (Patella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1257. . 126
Porosa (Catyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 20, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . . . .138
PrsBrupta (Crepidula), Conrad. U. S. Expl. Exped., x, 727,
19, 9, 9 a. == C. dilatata, Lam 127
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 151
Peziza (Calyptraea), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 10.
= Cruc. scutellatum, Gray, var. . . . . .118
Princeps (Crypta), Conrad. Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii, 82.
= C. dilatata, Lam 127
Probus (Piliscus), Loven, 1851.
= Capulus radiatus, Sars. ...... 132
Profunda (Crepidula), Hutton. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal.,
14,1873. = C. monoxyla, Lesson, 128
Proscenula, Perry. Conch., 1^11. = Crepidula, Lam. . 104
Protea (Crepidula), d'Orb. (in part). Vo} r . de 1'Amer. Mer.,
465; Voy. Cuba, ii, 192. = C. fornicata, Linn. . 114, 124
Protea (Crepidula), d'Orb. (in part). Voy. Cuba, 11, 192,
t. 24, f. 30, 31 ; Toy. Amer. Merid., 465.
= C. unguiformis, Lam.
Quinquina (Calyptraea), Lesson. Voy. de la Coq., 397, No.
157, 1830, . ' . 118
Radians (Trochita), Lam. Anira. sans Vert., vii, 11, . . 121
Radiata (Calyptraea), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 17, No. 3, 1830, 121
Radiatum (Crucibulum), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi.
xxvii, f. 6, 1835, Ill, 118
Radiatum (Pilidium), Sars. Reise Lofoten, 64, 1850.
Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., xix, 321, 1877, . . 132
Radiatus (Hipponyx), Quoy et Gaimard. Vo} r . Uranie,
454, t. 69, f. 1-5, .'.... . 135
Radiatus (Hipponyx), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 5, 1835.
= H. Grayanus, Menke. . . . . . . .135
Radiola (Calyptraea), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 173, 1830, . 121
Radiosa (Calyptraea), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
ii, 160. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn 138
Reclucta (Pileopsis), (Brocchia), Desh. Cat. Moll. He
Reunion, page 51, 183, .106
Regularis (Trochita), C. B. Ad. Panam. Shells, 224.
= Mamillaris (Trochita), Brod 121
Riisei (Crepidula), Dkr. Menke, Z Jtsch., 189, 1852.
= C. fornicata, Linn. . . . . . . .124
Roissyi (Calyptraea), Dufo. Ann. Sci. Nat., Oct. 1841, f.
206. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . .137
Rostrata (Crepidula), C. B. Ad. Panama Shells, 235.
= C. adunca, Sowb. ........ Ii9
Rostriformis (Crepidula), Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., ii, 160. = C. adunca, Sowb. . . . 129
Rudis (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc.,'i, 196.
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, . . . . .117
Rugul'osa (Crepidula), Dunker. Menke, Zeitsch., 108, 1846, 130
152 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Kugulosa (Amalthea), Danker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 151, 1871, 137
Rugulosa (Calyptraea), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 150, 1871, 139
Rugosa (Crepidula), Nutt. Jay's Cat. of Shells, 41 ; Zool.
Proc., 1856. = C. onyx, Sowb 128
Rugosura (Crucibulum), Tar., Lesson. Guer. Mag., pi. ii.
= Scutellatum (Crucibulum), Gray, . . . . 117
Sacchari-meta (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 15,
1858. = C. equestris, Linn., var 138
Sagittifer (Oapultis), Gould. Wilkes' Exp., 383, 1852, . 132
Sandalium, Schum. Essai nouv. syst., 183, 1817.
= Crepidula, Lam. ........ 104
Scabies (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 16, 1858.
= Mitrularia tectum-sinense, Lam 139
Scabies (Crepidula), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 18, 1859.
= C. Walshii, Herm 130
Scutellata (Patella), Gray in Wood. Ind., Test. Supp., pi.
viii, 4, 127
Scutum (Calyptrsea), Lesson. Yoy. Coq., ii, pt. 1395, 1830, 122
Scutulum (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 30, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . . . .137
Sella (Calyptraea), Mke. Synopsis, 89, .... 121
Serrata (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxviii,
f. 1. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, . . . .117
Serratus (Hipponyx), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 21)6, . . . 134
Shreevei (Capulus), Conrad. A. J. C., v, 105, pi. 13, f. 3, . 133
Sigapatella, Lesson. Zool. Voy. Coquille, 1830, . . 103, 122
Sinensis (Calyptraea), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1257, . 119
Sinuosa (Crepidula), Turton. Zool. Jour., ii, 364, t. 13, f. 5,
= C. unguiformis, Lam 130
Siphopatella, Lesson. Zool. Voy. Coquille, 1830, . 104, 130
Sitchana (Crepidula), Midd. Mai. Rossica, pt. ii, 100, t. 11,
f. 3-5. ? = C. onyx, Sowb .129
Solida (Crepidula), Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur., 53, pi. 16, f. 7, 8.
= C. adunca, Sowb 129
Solida (Trochita), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 10, 1859.
= C. mamillaris, Brod.
Sordida (Calyptrsea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc. i, pi. xxviii, 2.
= C. radians, Lam. . . . . . . . .121
Spectrum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 13,
1859. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var., .... 118
Spinifera (Mitrella), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 741, . 121
Spinosa (Calyptrsea), Sowb. Gen. of Shells, f. 4, 7.
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . .110, 111, 118
Spinulosa (Trochita), Chemn.
= C. sinensis (Trochita), Linn. . . . . 120
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 153
PAGE.
Spirata (Calyptraea), Nardo. = C. Sinensis, Linn. . . 120
Spirata (Calyptraea), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, 271.
= C. radians, Lam 121
Spiricella, Rang. Bull. Soc. Linn., Brod., ii, 226, 1883, . 106
Spirocrypta, Gabb. Pal. Catif. i, 137, 1864, . . .104
Squama (Crypta), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, 205, 1839.
= Crepidula Lessonii, Brod 110,126
Squama (Calyptnta), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 176, No. 17.
= C. Sinensis, Linn. . . . . . . .120
Stella (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 24, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. ...... 137
Striata (Calyptraea), Brod. (not of Say). Trans. Geol. Soc.,
i, pi. xxviii,-6. = Cruc. scutellatum, Gray. var.
Striata (Calyptraea), Brod. (not S:iy). Zool. Proc., 38, 1834.
= C. scutellatum, Gra} 7 , var. . . . . . .118
Striatum (Crucibulum), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
v, 216,1826, 118
Strigata (Crepidula), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. 28. f.
12. = C. dorsata, Brod 127,129
Strigillata (Crepidula), Dkr. Mi-nke Zeit., iii, 1853, . .131
Striolata (Crepidula), Menke. Zeit. fiir Malac., 1851, 35.
= C. Lessonii, Brod 110, 126
Stultorum ( Calyptnea), Rve. Conch. Icon.,xi, sp. 12, 1858.
= Mitrularia equestris, Linn. ...... 138
Subreflexa (Calyptraea), Carp. Zool. Proc., 233, 1855, . 120
Subrufus (Hipponyx), Lam. Auim. sans Vert., vi, p .18, . 134
Subspirata (Crepidula), Blainv. Malac., pi. 48, bis. f. 7, . 130
Succinea (Calyptraea), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. merid.
= C. Sinensis, Linn. . . . . . . . .120
Suturalis ( Hipponyx), Q.uoy. Voy. de TAstr., iii, 440, pi. 72,
figs. 39, 40. =*H. australis, Quoy, 136
Tectum-sinense (Calyptrsea), Lain. Anim. sans Vert., vii,
624, . 139
Tegulieia (Crypt.v, Rochebruue. Bull. Soc. Philom., 180,
1882-3, \ 131
Tenue (Propilidium), Jeff. MSS. Monts. Bull. Soc. Mol.
Ital., vi, C)6. = Siphonariidju, ...... 132
Tennis (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxvii, .
f. 9. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . . .118
Tennis (Trochita), Gray. P. Z. S., 1867,735 ; Hutton, Jour.
de Conch., xxvi, 30. = C. scutum, Lesson, . . .122
Tennis (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, 199, t. 27,
f. 9. = Cruc. scutellatum, Gray, var.
Thyca, H. and A. Adams. Genera I, 372, 1854, . . 106, 133
Ticaonicus (Tlipponyx), Sowb. Thes., 370, . . .137
154 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Tongana (Calyptrsea), Quoy. Toy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi. 72, figs.
17, 18. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. .... 138
Tomcntosa (Trochita), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 71.
= Calyptraeformis (Trochita), Lam. . . . .123
Tortilis (Calyptraea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 2, 1858.
= C. equestris, Linn. var. . . . . . .138
Trelania, Gray. Zool. Proc., 744, 1867.
= Mitrularia, Schum. . . . . . . .102
Trelania, Gray. Zool. Proc., 742, 1867.
= Crucibulum, Schum 108
Triearinata (Amathinn), Linn. Syst. Nat, Edit, xii, 1259,
= A. tricostata, Gmelin, ....... 133
Tricostata (Ainathina), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., Edit, xiii, 3698, 133
Trigona (Amathina), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, 251, . 133
Trigonalis (Calyptrsea), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang., 70,
pi. ix, 7 a, 6. = Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . 118
Trigonus (Hipponyx), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3714,
? = H subrufus, Lam. . . . . . . .134
Trochatella, Lesson. Voy. Coquille, 1830.
= Infundibulum, Montf. 103
Trochella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 735, 1807.
= Sigapatella, Lesson, 103
Trochiformis (Patella), Gmel. Syst. Nat.
= Cal. radians, Lam. . . . . . . .121
Trochilina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 741, 1867.
= Mitrularia, Schum 108
Trochoides (Patella), Dillwyn. Cat., ii, 1018.
= Calypt. radians, Lam. . . . . . . .121
Trochita, Schum. Essai nouv. syst., 184, 1817.
= Infundibulum, Montf. . . . . . .103
Tuberculatus (Hipponyx), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 4,
1856, 134
Tubifera (Calyptrsea), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1807, p. 748.
= Mitrularia equestris, var. aculeata, . . . 138
Tubifera (Catyptraea), Lesson. Voy. Coquille,ii, pt. 1, 391,
1830. = (Crucibulum), scutellatum, , Gray, var. . 112, 118
Tubiferum (Crucibulum), Say. Gray, in Zool. Proc., 746,
1867. = C. scutellatum, Gray, var.
lumens (Hipponyx), Carpenter. Ann. and Mag., 3d ser.,
xv, 180, 1865 135
Tylacus, Conrad. = Crepidula, Lam. . . . 104
Tryblidium, Lindstrom. 1880. = Metoptoma, Phillips, . 106
Uncata (Crepidula), Menke. Zeitschrift fiir Malac , 1847,
184. = C. adunca, Sowb . 129
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 155
PAGK.
Ungarica (Pileopsis), Lam. Anim. s. Vt.,vii, 609.
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. . . . . . .131
Ungaricoides (Pileopsis), cTOrb. Toy. Amer. Merid., 457,
pi. 78, fig. 4, .131
Unguis (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. xxviii,
f. 3. = C. mamillaris, Brod.
Unguis (Patella), Sowb. Min. Conch., 88, t. 139, f. 7, 8.
= Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. ...... 131
Un<niiformis (Crepidula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii,
642, 116, 123, 130
Umbrella (Calyptrrea), Desh. Enc. Meth., ii, 173, No. 8.
= Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray, var. . . . , 117
Umbo (Calyptrcea), live. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 33, 1858.
' = Mitrularia equestris, Linn, 137
Uncinata (Calyptnea), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 17, 1858.
= M. equestris, Linn., var 138
Vanikorensis (Calyptra?a), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., iii, pi.
72, figs. 21-23. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . 137
^Varia (Calyptraea), Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i, pi. 27, fig. 3,
1835. = Mitrularia equestris, Linn. . . . 137
Ventricosa (Trochita), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 264.
? = C. radians, Lam. 122
Verrucosum (Crucibulum), Rve. Conch. Icon., xi, sp. 19,
1850, 118
Vestita (Calyptraea), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 65, 1851, . . 121
Violaceum (Crucibulum), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc.,
1856,167. = C. scutellatum, Gray 118
Violaceus (Capulus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, 114,
t. 13, f. 23, 132
Vulgaris (Calyptnea), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic., ii, 93.
== C. Sinensis, Linn .120
Walshii (Crepidula), Hermanson. Reeve, Icon., xi, sp. 17,
1859. = Walshii (Crepidula), Hermann, . . .130
FAMILY XENOPHORID^E.
Shell depressed or conical, trochiform, with carinated periph-
ery, not nacreous, soldering shells, stones, etc., to its upper sur-
face. Operculum large, horny, subannular,'with lateral dextral
nucleus, muscular impression sinistral, semilunar, extending the
whole length.
Animal with long, annulate d muzzle, elongated, subulate ten-
tacles, with sessile eyes at their external base ; foot small, used
for jumping, not walking, with the anterior portion expanded,
posteriorly tapering; gill long, composed of narrow laminae and
filaments. Dentition, 2-M'l'2; the central tooth subtrigonal,
multicuspid, laterals large, subtriangular, the margin reflected
and multicuspid, the marginals very narrow and long, arcuated
(PL 30, fig. 8).
These mollusks scramble along like the Strombs ; they extend
and fix the front dilated part of the foot, and draw the posterior
portion up to it, jerking the shell forwards at every movement ;
this mode of progression is adapte.d to the nature of the surface
on which they move, which is usually composed of the debris
of dead shells. The shell resembles a Trochus, but the texture
is not nacreous. The peculiarity of this tribe is the habit of
agglutinating foreign bodies to the upper surface of the shell,
which is carried to such an extent in some instances as to con-
ceal the volutions and give the structure the appearance of a
small pile of fragments of stones and shells. That this imitation
of its surroundings is protective in its nature, there can be no
doubt ; but in some of the species the protection is not apparent,
the agglutinating process being restricted within narrow bounds,
or sometimes not developed, and when exhibited is confined to
a single row of small bivalves or stones on the suture or periph-
ery, arranged with a degree of regularity as to size, and occur-
rence indicating the existence of choice or artistic taste on the
part of the mollusk. Of the shells attached, single valves of
lamellibranchs are preferred, probably because they give more
(150)
157
'surface for their weight than univalves, and as the back affords
the best surface for attachment, the interior of these is turned
lip and free, thus making the whole mass particularly uninviting
to any creature disposed to essay the destruction of the structure
with a view to molluscous food. The near relatives of the
Xenophoridre, the Yermelids, are as well protected by soldering
their shells to the surface of large bodies, but other groups not
very distant appear to have no dependence but on their shefl.
Genus XEXOPIIORA, Fischer de Waldheim, 1807.
Shell conical, trochi form, upper surface carrying shells, stones
and madrepores, irregularly arranged, so as sometimes to almost
completely disguise the surface; imperforate or narrowly rimate ;
lower face of peripheral cnrina striate and granular.
Tropical Seas.
PAors,Montfort, 1810, and P*ew(/o^orws,Meek,are synonyms.
Section TUGURIUM, Fischer, 1880.
Shell umbilicated, only agglutinating in the neighborhood of
the suture, margin of the last whorl prolonged, thin, blade like,
smootl^ below ; operculum trigonal or trapezoidal.
Section ONTJSTUS, H. and A. Adams, 18") 1.
Shell conical, depressed, widely and profoundly umbilicated,
periphery spinose at intervals, suture, towards the apex only,
more or less ornamented with small stones or shells agglutinated
to the surface. Tropical Seas.
Humphrey first used the faulty generic name (being an adjec-
tive), in 1797, but the justifiable exclusion of this author's genera
does not prevent its use in connection with the recognizable
definition of H. and A. Adams; hence I see no absolute neces-
sity for adopting instead Haliphsebus, Fischer, 1880.
Subgenus ENDOPTYGMA, Gabb, 1877.
Shell umbilicated, agglutinating, the basal margin having one
or two internal spiral plications, which have left their imprint on
the cast from which the group is described.
E. UMBILTCATVJM, Tuomey. Cretaceous of Alabama.
158 XENOPHOBIA.
Genus EUTROCHUS, Whitfield, 1682.
Conical above, flat or concave beneath, broadly deeply umbili-
cated ; aperture very oblique, periphery strongly carinated or
expanded ; surface ornamentation unlike above and below. Dif-
fers from the umbilicated forms of Trochidae in not forming a
columella, and from Risella in being umbilicated.
E. CONCAVA, Hall. Carboniferous, Illinois, Indiana.
Genus AUTODETUS, Lindstrom, 1884.
Shell small, widely conical, sinistral, attached by its truncated
apex to foreign bodies, axis imperforate, suture not perceptible
externally. A. calyptratus, Schrenck, Silurian of Gotland. An
aberrant form placed in this family by Lindstrom. -The apical
fixation resembles that of certain Vermetidre, but the shell may
be a tubiculate Annelid. Antic alyptr sea, Quenstedt, 1884, is a
synonym.
Genus CLISOSPIRA, Billings, 18G5.
This curious form from the Silurian of Canada, which I have
placed, with some doubt, in Trochidae, is with equal doubt
referred here by Fischer. It is trochiform, with reticulated
surface ; there is some evidence that towards the apex it is
spirally coiled, but the cavity occupied by the body of tlie
animal appears to be straight and central, with an aperture
expanding trumpet-like all around.
The Xenophoridae have been monographed by Reeve, in Con-
chologia Iconica ; by Philippi, in Kuster's Conchylien Cabinet,
and more recently b}' Dr. Fischer, in Kiener's Coquilles vivantes.
They first appeared possibly in the Silurian, more probably in
the Devonian, and have not been numerous at any period of the
geological history.
XENOPI10RA. 159
Genus XEXOPHORA, Fischer, 1807.
X. CALCULIFERA, Reeve. PI. 44, figs. 75, 76.
Light yellowish brown, whorls convex, obliquely subgranu-
larly undukitely striate, suture and periphery agglutinating, the
periphery undulated ; base widely urabilicated, closely radiately
striated, the stride continued obliquely across the peripheral
blade and there becoming corrugated or granose, middle of base
with revolving grooves. Diaui. 2'5 inches.
China.
X. Sinentis, Phil., is believed to be identical, and should per-
haps be preferred, its date being earlier.
X. SOLARIOIDES, Reeve. PI. 44, fig. 77.
Widely .umbilicated, yellowish white, obliquely rugosely
striated, copiously agglutinating; base radiately arcuately cos-
tulate, spirally granularly lirate, somewhat obliquely costulate
at the periphery, umbilical area infundibuliform, subangular.
Diam. 20 mill.
Philippines.
Yen' like X. calculi/era, but much smaller, and distinguished
by its more profuse crop of foreign bodies.
X. CORRUGATA, Reeve. PL 45, tigs. 81, 82.
Stoutly conical, diagonally wrinkled and corrugated, suture
and periphery closely agglutinating fragments of shells ; base
with curved radiating granose striae, and a few revolving
grooves, imperforate. Diam. 2'5 mill.
Indian Ocean, Japan.
X. CAPERATA, Phil. PL 44, figs. 78, 80 ; PL 45, fig. 83.
Obliquely perforate, light yellowish brown, suture and per-
iphery agglutinating, surface obliquely striate ; base lamellarly
striate and concentrically lirate, some of the lirae strong, ele-
vated, becoming smaller and denser on the peripheral margin.
Diam., 1'5 inches.
E. Africa ; Pondicherry.
Smaller, thinner, with less dilated periphery than the last
species ; distinguished also by its basal sculpture and half-open
umbilicus.
160 XENOPHORA.
X. AUSTRALIS, Souverbie. PL 47, figs. 94, 95.
Perforate, elevated conical, light yellowish brown, obliquely
subflexuously corrugated above, profusely agglutinating; base
subconvex around the umbilicus and spirally silicate, subconcave
and intricately rugate towards the margin, decussated by radia-
ting striae, becoming subnodulous near the umbilicus.
Diam., 1 inch.
New Caledonia.
X. CEREA, Reeve. PL 45, fig. 84.
Perforate, yellowish white, nearly smooth, profusely aggluti-
nating ; base slightly concave, very minutely spirally and con-
centrically striate. Diam. 25 mill.
Philippines*
X. PALLIDULA Reeve. PL 44, fig. 79.
Imperforate, yellowish white, obliquely striate, profusely
agglutinating; base subplane, thinly arcuatel} T radiately striate,
very minutely crispate. Diam. 2'5 inches.
Japan.
X. CRISPA, Konig. PL 45, fig. 85 ; PL 4G, fig. 88.
Umbilicated, rather thin, whitish or light yellowish brown,
obliquely rugate, and profusely agglutinating at the suture and
periphery; base concentrically closely lirate, lime about eight in
number, granular, the vicinity of the periphery obliquely sub-
radiate and granular; columellar callosity hiding a small part
of the umbilicus, which is profound, lanu'llarly plicate.
Diam. 34 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
The operculum is thin, with unilateral lines ; the earlier
whorls of the shell are smooth. First described under the
above name as an Italian tertiary fossil; as a living species,
Tiber! called it X. Mediterranea.
X. SENEGALENSIS, Fischer. PL 45, figs. 86, 87.
Umbilicated, conical, rather solid, whitish, earlier whorls
smooth, subsequent ones with irregular, crispate, oblique strite
and impressed lines, agglutinating at suture and periphery ;
base a little concave, concentrically granosety lirate, the lira? 5
or 6 in number, the lirae of the peripheral carina oblique,
XENOPHORA. 161
crowded, more minutely granular ; umbilicus slightly impinged
on by the columellar callus, striate within. Diam. 16 mill.
West Coast of Africa.
Differs from the preceding species in having fewer basal
costulations, with stronger granules upon them ; differs also in
its subrhomboidal, thin, corneous operculum having the striae a
little angular in the middle. It is X. caper ata, Petit (non
Phil.), and X. crispa, Martens (non Konig).
X. CONCHYLIOPHOEUS, Born. PL 46, fig. 89.
Light brown, rugosely obliquely striated, profusely agglu-
tinating large shells, stones, etc., so as almost to conceal the
upper surface, face concave, imperforate in the adult, with
strong, crowded, curved growth-lines, and nearly obsolete con-
centric low narrow ridges. Diam. 2 inches.
West Indies.
It is X. trochiformis, Bjrn, A", agglutinans, Lam., X. onustus,
Reeve, X. meandrina, X. vulcania, X. Iricostata, and A'. Isevi-
gata, Fischer de Waldh., etc.
X. ROBUSTA, Verrill (unfigured). La Paz, L. Calif.
X. DIGITATA, Martens (unfigured;. West Africa.
X. CAVELIERT, Rochebrune (unfigured). Senegambia.
Section TUGURIUM, Fischer, 1880.
X. EXUTA, Reeve. PI. 46, figs. 90, 91.
Suture and periphery undulated, upper surface occasionally
agglutinating at the suture near the apex, but usually free from
foreign bodies, oblique^ 7 undulately striated and grooved ; under
surface shining, smooth, surrounded by a border of several close,
rugose revolving striae, umbilical funnel closety striated ; yel-
lowish or orange-brown, lighter colored beneath.
Diam. 2*75 inches.
China.
X. INDICA, Gmelin. PI. 46, figs. 92, 93.
Finely obliquely striated, yellowish brown, under surface
smooth, lighter colored, in fresh specimens surrounded by a
brown band, but without the marginal spiral striae of the last
species, umbilical funnel striated, periphery blade-like, only
11
162 XENOPHORA.
irregularly slightly undulated on its edge ; agglutinating only
at or near the apex. Diani. 2 inches.
Indian Ocean.
X. Wagneri, Phil., is a synonym.
X. HELVACEA, Phil. PI. 47, fig. 96.
Differs from the preceding species in the umbilicus, which has
convex sides and is not defined by an angle.
Diam. 3 inches.
Madagascar.
Its distinctness from X. Indica is problematical.
X. CARIBJEA, Petit. PL 47, figs. 97, 98.
Thin, pale yellowish brown, white beneath, occasionally
agglutinating on its irregularly undulating periphery ; upper
surface obliquely, slightly undulatingly striate ; lower surface
radiately finely striate, shining, with concentric obsolete grooves,
bordered by a strong revolving rounded rib, beyond which is
the smooth shining peripheral blade. Diam. 2'5 inches.
Itsle of Marie Galante, West ladies.
X. LAMBERTT, Souverbie. PL 47, figs. 99, 100.
Umbilicus partly covered, its walls convex, not defined by an
angle; base subconvex, strongly spirally sulcate, the peripheral
blade smooth ; upper surface obliquely undulately striate,
agglutinating at the suture, but not at the periphery ; light yel-
lowish brown. Diam. 2 inches.
New Caledonia.
Section ONUSTUS, H. and A. Ad., 1854.
X. SOLARIS, Linn. PL 49, figs. 1, 2.
Upper whorls with a few small agglutinating pebbles and
shells at the suture, then fringed with regular distant hollow
spines on the periphery, surface obliquely granularly striate,
radiately, granularly ridged below ; light yellowish brown.
Diam. 78 mill.
Malacca, Singapore.
FAMILY VERMETID.E.
Shell tubular, septate within, attached or free; sometimes
regularly spiral when young, alwaj^s becoming irregular in the
adult growth ; aperture rounded, usually entire, sometimes fis-
sured. Operculum corneous, annular, sometimes spiral, rarely
absent.
Animal vermiform, elongated, with short snout and distant
short tentacles, bearing eyes at their outer bases ; foot small ; a
single elongated branchia, no copulatory organ ; two corneous
jaws; dentition (PL 30, fig. 9).
These aberrant mollusks were separated by Cuvier in 1830, as
an order under the name of Tubulibranchiata, corresponding
with Tubispira, Desh., 1830, and Protopoda, Gray, 1837. A more
extensive acquaintance with the modifications of the breathing
organs in mollusks has tended to diminish the importance which
Cuvier attached to them.
These animals, generally attached upon shells, or coral, or
living in sponges, often gregarious in large colonies, although
without copulatory organs are unisexual, oviparous or viviparous.
The eggs are often attached to the tube itself. The embryos
(PI. 48, fig. G) are furnished with a spiral shell and the young are
often perforating.
Like most attached shells the Yermetids are exceedingly irreg-
ular in growth, sculpture and coloring, often reproducing the
surface upon which they are fixed. The species are therefore
very difficult to identify satisfactorily, particularly as in many
specinens the parts wherein reside the characteristic marks, the
mouth, the operculum, etc., are wanting. The difficulty is enhanced
bj r the great resemblance of some of the forms to annelids of the
genus Serpula from which they may be distinguished by the
spiral nuclear shell, and interior septa of the tube. The tube
of Serpula is composed of two calcareous layers, that of Yer-
metidse of three. As to the lamellae occurring within the tube,
on the columellar or parietal wall, they are often wanting, perhaps
(163)
164 VERMETIDuE.
absorbed away by the animal, like the teeth of Pupa, and although
they are made subgeneric and sectional characters, they may be
present or missing in the same species, and are consequently of
inferior taxonomic importance.
Prof. 0. A. L. Morch made a special study of the Vermetklae,
and to his papers in the Journal de Conchyliologie, and particu-
lar^ in the Zool. Proceedings, London, 18GO-1862, we are in-
debted for the only scientific arrangement of them. Unfortunately
this author has endeavored to name and describe every slight
variation, and has thus amassed a large collection of forms,
varieties and species, subgenera and genera, the study of which
is even more perplexing than that of the specimens themselves.
His genera are here reduced to subgenera, his subgenera to sec-
tions. Illustrations may be found in the folio volume of Chenu,
in Reeve's " Iconica " and Sowerby's " Thesaurus," but these
respective monographs are only partial in their scope, the two
latter being confined to Siliquaria, and leave much to be desired
on the score of completeness.
Dr. Leon Vaillant (Researches on Lamarck's species of the
Tubispirata in Nouv. Arch, du Museum, vii, 1871), thus classifies
the Yermetidse :
A. Operculum wanting or rudimentary.
1. Genus SERPULORBIS, Sassi.
Operculum \ n
(.rudimentary. S. G. BIVONIA.
B. Operculum present and perfect.
a. Shell smooth within.
2. Genus SIPHONIUM, Gray.
r Concave, with (plain. S. G. SIPHONIUM.
margins Ispinose. S. G. STEPHOPOMA.
Operculum \ Formed of (non eroding. S. G. VERMICULUS.
stacked up < eroding the body to which
Uamellse. Shell ( is attached. S. G. SPIROGLYPHUS.
VERMETID^E. 165
b. Shell wiih. interior plications or lamellae.
3. Genus YERMETUS, Adanson.
With a single columellar plication. S. G. YERMETUS.
With parietal lamellae. S. G. PETALOCONCHUS.
Synopsis of Genera.
Genus YERMETUS, Adanson, 1757.
Animal having two pedal filaments, much longer than and
situated in front and below the cephalic tentacles.
Shell tubular, free or fixed, sometimes regularly spiral when
young, but becoming irregularly protracted or contorted when
adult, with interior septa; aperture circular ; operculum usually
present, corneous, annular, circular, exteriorly concave.
Inhabits temperate and tropical seas. Fossil, secondary and
tertiary.
Subgenus YERMETUS (sensu stricto).
Shell spirally twisted, attached, surface often decussated,
columella bearing one to three longitudinal lamellae. Operculum
very small, concave, scarcely spiral.
Section YERMETUS (typical).
Laminae on the parietal wall.
Section PETALOCONCHUS, Lea, 1843.
Shell with two internal ridges running spirally along the colu-
mella, becoming obsolete towards the apex and aperture. Mostly
fossil.
Y. SCULPTURATUS, Lea. Tertiary. U. S. (S. and S. Conch., t, 67,
f. 76).
Section MACROPHRAGMA, Carp., 1857.
Internal laminae towards the middle of the columella ; superior
lamina sharp, angulately deflexed, externally bicarinate.
Operculum small, very thin, corneous, smooth, subplanate,
scarcely spiral.
Section ALETES, Carpenter, 1857.
Whorls larger than in preceding section, columella with a very
166 VERMEIID^.
faint median thread-like line ; color usually yellowish brown, the
early whorls chestnut.
Operculum concave externally, with 5-6 spiral laminae, the
last abrupt; interiorly convex, shining, with irregular spiral
lirse; muscular area irregular, opaque.
Subgenus BIVONIA, Gray, 1842.
Shell affixed, mostly spiral, with spiral, interruptedly nodu-
lose lirse and a median elevated line; aperture contracted,
circular, columella without ridges. Operculum small, rudimen-
tary. .
When these shells are not perfect, without the aperture
margin, they are difficult to distinguish from Spiroglyphus.
Dofania, Morch, 1860 (in part), is a synonym.
Subgenus SPIROGLYPHUS, Daudin, 1800.
Animal excavating a groove on the surface of shells or stones,
covering it over with shelly material, and thus forming a
tubular planorbiform case. Considered by some naturalists an
annulose animal allied to Serpula, but of this there is no proof.
When first hatched, the shell is spiral and regular, consisting of
one and a half whorls; it soon attaches itself, the channel it
excavates being at first shallow, afterwards deeper ; color bright
purple to nearly black. The operculum is large, thick, convex
exteriorly, with strong concentric laminre, plane interiorly, con-
centrically lirate, with central mamilla, and narrowly elevated
margin.
Stoa, Serres, 1855, is in part a synonym.
Subgenus THYLACODES, Guettard, 1774.
Shell adherent, frequently solitary, tubular, irregularly twisted,
with 3-5 longitudinal nodulous lirge, aperture rounded, colu-
mella not plicate, but frequently partitioned internally perpen-
dicularly to the axis. No operculum, or minute when present.
Dofania, Morch, 1860 (in part), is a synonym ; others are
Serpulorbis, Sassi, 1827 (a name frequently used for the genus),
Serpulus, Montf., 1810, and Serpuloides, Gray, 1850. The sub-
genera Cladopoda, Gray, 1840, Tetrancrnia, Morch, 1850,
VERMETID^B. 167
Hatina, Gray, 1847, and Lementina, Risso, 1826, are founded on
differences of form in the mollusk, mostly as represented by
published figures, and allowing that these are correct, their
value is probably no more than specific. These characters will
be referred to in the descriptions of the species.
Subgenus SIPHONIUM (Brown, 1756), Morch, 1859.
Shell adherent, irregularly twisted, carinated, without internal
armature. Operculum large, smooth, circular, concave exter-
nally, convex interiorly, the scar of attachment central, with
rugose concentric striae, and plain margin.
M. Rougemont has observed at Naples that S. maximum
emits from its mouth a thin veil-like plaited substance, which
entangles small natatory animals and is subsequently with-
drawn (Bull. Soc. Neuch., xii, 94).
Stoa, Serres, 1855 (in part), is a synonym, according to the
text.
Subgenus STEPHOPOMA, Morch, 1860.
Adult shell adherent, spiral, solitary or clustered ; aperture
slightly inflexed above, very obsoletely effused below, without
internal lamellae. Operculum slightly concave, arctispiral, fur-
nished with long divergent multifid setae. Recent and fossil.
The shells are generally very small, and usually so tender as
to be very rarely found fossil in a good state of preservation.
Difficult to distinguish from Vermiculus.
Subgenus BURTINELLA, Morch, 1861.
Young shell adherent, the adult free, thick, widely conically
elevated, trochiform or planorboid, usually sinistral, rarely clex-
tral, last whorl protracted, more or less prolonged, tubular
within, angular exteriorly, aperture circular, not contracted.
Fossil only, 15 species. Oolitic, Cretaceous, Tertiarj- ; Europe,
India.
B. CONCAVA, Stol. (Struc. and Syst. Conch., t. 67, f. 69, 70).
Subgenus TUBULOSTIUM, Stoliczka, 1868.
Shell planorboid to broadly conical, aperture contracted, pro-
longed in a tube. 4 sp. Jurassic, Europe; Cretaceous, India ;
Tertiary, United States.
168
Subgenus VERMICULARIA, Lam., 1799.
Shell free, in its early stage regularly coiled like a Turritella ;
subsequently uncoiled, the tube variously twisted or more or
less straight and prolonged. Operculum size of the aperture.
Carboniferous living. Tropical and subtropical.
There is apparently no other distinction between the shells of
Vermicularia and Burtinella, except that the latter are coiled
in a broad, largely umbilicated cone ; Tubulostium has a con-
tracted aperture. Often called Vermiculus, Lister.
(ienus SILIQUARIA, Brug., 1789.
Animal with rudimentary pedal tentacles ; mantle slit along
the branchial cavity.
Shell tubular, at first spiral, afterwards protracted and irregu-
lar ; tube with a longitudinal fissure, which is sometimes simple,
sometimes formed by a series of perforations ; often both varieties
exist in the same specimen ; aperture circular, without internal
septa or lamella?. Operculum corneous, subcylindrical or
conoidal, formed of a spirally rolled band, with ciliated margin;
axis of the cone filled up internally by a series of spiral radiat-
ing cells (PI. 48, figs. 9, 10). Mediterranean Sea, W. Africa,
Tropical Pacific Ocean.
Fossil, 20 Sp. Tertiary, one species from the upper creta-
ceous. The typical species, as well as several others, occur
imbedded in sponges.
TenagoduSj Gueltard, 1774, is the same, but the genus is much
better known under its later name.
Fischer proposes the following divisions, based on distinctions
in the branchial slit.
Section SILIQUARIA (xevsu stricto).
Slit continuous, open.
Section PYXIPOMA, Morch, 1860.
Slit closed by a lamella, but not filled up outside, open near
the mouth.
Section AGATHIRSES, Moiitfort, 1810.
Slit composed of numerous isolated holes.
VERMETUS. 169
As all three kinds of slit may exist in different parts of a
single specimen, the above classification has but little to recom-
mend it ; and yet in a rough way the distinctions of the slit
hold good.
About a dozen species have been recognized 03- Morch,
Sowerby and Reeve. The monographs of the Thesaurus Con-
chyl. and Conchologia Icon, are essentially the same ; an earlier
one is contained in Chenu's Illust. Conchyliologiques.
The recent species are tropical and subtropical in distribution.
They live on rocks and corals ; the restricted group Siliquaria
inhabits sponges.
Genus CRYPTOBIA, Desh., 1863.
Proposed for a perforation in polyps, sometimes lined by a
shelly plate, sometimes without it ; spire regular, of 5 or 6
whorls, in the middle of the polyp ; the following whorls are
unrolled ; on one of the walls is found a series of fissures, which
traverse the polyp. C. Michilini, Desh., Isle of Bourbon. These
perforations are filled by parasitic sipunculi, which may have
destroyed in some cases the shell of the mollusk.
Genus VERMETUS. Adanson, 1757.
Subgenus VERMETUS (sensu stricto).
Typical.
V. ADANSONII, Daudin. PI. 49, figs. 20, 21 ; PI. 48, fig. 12.
Shell graceful of 5-12 whorls, loosely or more or less closely
coiled, and terminating in a rather straight tube about an inch
in length when adult, strongly striated by 6 to 12 raised longi-
tudinal ridges or lines, sometimes chagreened ; dark brown, be-
coming ash color in dead shells. Operculum very thin, with two
small concentric grooves, about half the diameter of the aper-
ture.
Senegal.
It is Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy, not Linn.
Var. LAMARCKII, Morch (fig. 21).
Does not appear to possess any immutable distinctive charac-
ter ; the tube is said to be thin towards the mouth, the attach-
170 VERMETUS.
ment is by the apex, the surface is sometimes transversely and
not longitudinally sculptured.
Yar. CARPENTERI, Morch.
Is founded upon the presence and form of the interior lamellae
as shown in section by the figure. Carpenter described it as
Petaloconchus renisectus (fig. 12).
Y. VARIANS, d'Orb. n. 49, figs. 22, 23; PI. 48, fig. 11.
Irregularly convoluted, longitudinally rugosely costate or
smooth, violaceous brown.
Brazil to West Indies, W. coast of Florida.
The varieties described by Morch need only to be named and
figured here ; they are scarcely of sufficient importance to justify
separate headings and descriptions. They are :
Var. CARPENTERI (fig. 11), West Indies; var. OCGLUSA, Morch,
West Indies; var. MONILE, Morch, Honduras; var. IRREGU-
LARIS, d'Orb. ; var. ELECTRINA, Morch; var. BAUIA, Morch;
var. CANDIDISSIMA, Morch; var. PERLATA, Morch ; and var.
COSTATA, Morch ; all from the West Indies. As to var.
IRREGULARIS, Morcli quotes the text of d'Orbigny's Cuba,
but writes, " I am nearly sure that the group figured is a
SpiroglyphuS) perhaps mixed with a Vermetus.' 1 ' 1
V. CONICUS, Dillw. PL 49, fig. 24.
Flexuose, spiral at base, tube rather thick, brownish white, the
spiral portion irregularly wound, about 8 whorls.
West Indies.
The sculpture varies as in the preceding species, it usually
consists of longitudinal striae ; the tube is much larger than in
V. varians, and also differs in its light color. It is V. lumbri-
calis, ft. of Gmelin. Morch has vars. PERSONATA, GORPIALTS (decus-
satus, Lam. non GmeL), PROBOSCIS, RETIFERA.
V. RENISECTUS (Carp.), Morch. PL 49, figs. 25, 26.
Brownish ash-color, attached, spirally contorted, lightly longi-
tudinally lirate, the interstices rather smooth, especially towards
the aperture, incremental striae rugose, regular, somewhat gran-
ulated in intersecting the longitudinal lime. Interior with two
VERMETUS. 171
flattened laminae ; one on either side of the columella, and a dis-
tinct line on the middle of the columella.
Philippines.
This is V. renisectus, Carp., in part. Morch describes vars.
GORDIALIS, ASPERULA, ASPERELLA, WOODWARDII, Carp., EBENEA,
PICEA, INDENTATA, MONILIFERA.
Y. CONTORTUS, Carpenter. PI. 49, fig. 27.
Laterally attached, chestnut-color, rather thin, irregular^ con-
torted, first whorls spiral, usually in contact, the last protracted,
closely longitudinally lirate, decussated by incremental lines, the
intersections very obsoletely nodulose ; interior without lamella,
but with 3-5 spiral lime on the columella.
Mazatlan and Gulf of California.
Morch adds vars. REPENS, FAVOSA, CONTORTULA, INDENTATA and
CORRODENS.
Y. NERINOIDES, Carp. PL 49, figs. 28, 29 ; PI. 48, fig. 13.
Closely agglomerated, irregularly spirally twisted, orange-
colored, almost everywhere superficially ashy ; whorls separate,
yet approximating, line somewhat compressed, very obsoletely
nodosely contracted, interstices rather wide, with close incre-
mental striae; internal lamella (fig. 13) large, modifying the inte-
rior as in a section of Nerin&a.
A u sir alia.
Y. OCTOSECTUS, Carp. PL 48. fig. 14.
Solitary, laterally affixed, whitish, irregularly spirally twisted,
longitudinal lira? rather remote, reticulated by closer, rugose
incremental lines, with distant transverse orange lines; interior
laminae prominent, lateral, the exterior part of the chamber small
in the first and large in the last whorl, columellar line acute.
So. Africa? Bed Sea.
" T have seen specimens with and without internal laminae
attached on the same shell. One specimen shows on the outer
wall a sharp keel pointing to the slit between the laminae, which
I have never elsewhere seen so well developed. According to
Carpenter, it differs from the following species in the absence of
the ' remarkable ' structure at the base, and in the comparatively
small size of the outer chamber ; the former character is prob-
ably quite accidental, and the latter is not constant in one and
172 VERMETUS.
the same species. The variety (below) is still more like the F.
oereus, which perhaps will itself prove to be merely a variety
when more specimens have been compared." MORCH.
Yar. DILATATA, Morch. Whorls a little flattened, suture
depressed, dilated, the strong tran verse rugae approximating.
This variety is from the Red Sea, to which locality the type also
probably belongs.
V. CEREUS, Carp. PI. 48, fig. 15.
Solitary, attached, orange-color, with depressed whitish
sutures, the attached side with a series of nodules which, writes
Morch, are the impressions of a coral. There is no sculpture,
the specimen appearing as though it had been attacked by acid.
It is a large species, the penultimate whorl having a diameter of
6-7 mill., the aperture of 4-75 mill. Lateral interior lamellae
about central.
Philippines.
Morch has Vars. GYMNOGASTRA and TENUIS.
Y. CARINATUS. Quoy. PI. 49, fig. 30.
Widely irregularly coiled, carinated, somewhat triangular,
transversely striated, yellowish ash-color, aperture rounded
within.
Isl. Guam.
" I have seen forms which I regard as intermediate between
F. octosectus, Carp., and F. cereus. Carp., approaching to this."
MORCH.
Y. LILACINUS, Morch. PI. 49, fig. 31.
Aggregated, subcylindrical, spirally twisted, purplish, whorls
contiguous with dilated white suture, longitudinal lirae obsolete,
remote, incremental rugae generally remote, stronger towards
the aperture, last whorl slightly protracted ; parietal laminae
very short (broken?), approximating to the columella, median
columellar lira somewhat acute.
Zanzibar.
Section PETALOCONCHUS, Lea, 1843.
Y. SUBCANCELLATUS, Bivona. PL 49, fig. 32.
Solitary, or more rarely gregarious, reclining, almost entirely
affixed, irregularly spiral, with the whorls in contact, brownish,
surface subcancellated by longitudinal and transverse strife, the
VERMETUS. 173
anterior extremity free. Operculum plain, thin. Animal dark
P ur P le - Southern Europe.
It is Serpula ylunwrata, of Linn., 12th Edit., but not of 10th
Edit., and V. intortus^ Weink. " I have examined five or six
groups without finding- any internal laminae, as Sowerby and
Moore appear to have done. In a comparatively few specimens
I have found a distinct medial lira on the coluraella." MORCH.
This author describes vars. OCCLUSA, SUTURALIS and SGOLO-
PENDRINA.
V. VERMICELLA, Lam. PL 49, fig.' 33.
Yellowish, filiform, narrow, transversely rugose, fiexuous,
without longitudinal sculpture, conglomerated into a dense mass.
W. Africa.
It is V. glomeratus, Daudin, V. Lispe (Adanson), Deshayes.
Morch describes a var. FILARIS.
Y. ANELLUM, Morch. PI. 49, fig. 3i.
Shell sinistral, spirorbiform, white, spire attixed, umbilicus
open, whorls few, with transverse close ribs. Diameter of shell
about 2 to 3-5 mill.
Todan Santos Bay, L. California (on Haliotis}.
Very like a Spirorbis in shape, and " perhaps will prove to be
the t} r pe of a new genus." MORCH.
Section MACROPHRAGMA, Carpenter, 1857.
Y. MAOROPHRAGMA, Carp. PI. 48, fig. 1C.
Shell small, chestnut-colored, laterally attached, often eroding,
spirally twisted, first whorls flattened, contiguous, the last
loosely contorted, with close longitudinal lirae and incremental
striae ; interior armature (see figure).
San Diego, Cal., L. CaL, Mazatlan, Realejo.
" V. contortus, Carp., is perhaps the adult stage of this species,
which again possibly may be a form of Aletes centiquadrus."
MORCH.
Y. COCHLIDIUM, Carpenter. PL 48, fig. 17.
Distinguished from the preceding species by its internal
laminae ; the shell is of a lighter color and larger growth.
Australia ; var. from Tahiti.
174 VERMETUS.
Y. FLAVESCENS, Carp. PI. 48, fig. 18.
" Shell externally closely allied to V. subcancellatus, from
which it is principally known by the smaller size and stronger
sculpture. Internally it most resembles V. cochlidium, from
which it may be distinguished by the absence of keels on the
upper lamina through a large part of the length ; and by the
general absence of the third plait, which, when it appears, is
like another fold of the lower lamina in the same direction."
MOIICH.
Sicily.
Section ALETES, Carpenter, 1857.
" The operculum seems to me only different from that of
Vermetus in size, in consequence of the larger calibre of the
shell. The variety of Vermetus conicus, Dillw., would be
referable to this group, if I had not seen one and the same
specimen successively in the different whorls change from
Vermetus (Petaloconchus) to Thylacodes, and ultimately to
Aletes." MOBGH. Yet Morch himself admits these subdivisions
and the distinction of species by small differences in the
internal shell.
Y. CENTIQUADBUS, Yaleuc. PI. 49, fig. 35; PL 50, figs. 36-40.
Laterally attached, spirally twisted, earlier whorls rather
narrow, rapidly increasing, the last wide, spread out and com-
pressed at the margin ; light yellowish brown, with obscure
narrow lines, earlier whorls dark brown, the interstices of the
lirse impressed punctate.
Panama to Gulf of California.
" The first whorls are of a dark brown color and strongly
sculptured with longitudinal liroe and transverse ruga? exceed-
ingly like V. contortus, Carp., which I suppose to be only a form
of this shell, judging from analogy with V. conicux, Dillw. The
columella shows one exceedingly feeble median lira, scarce^ to
be seen except in a very favorable light, and two very conspicu-
ous lateral lirae which seem to answer to the laminae in V.
macrophragma, but they must perhaps be more properly re-
garded as the margins of a thin layer covering all the interior
of the whorls, except the larger median part of the columella,
which shows a slight difference in color." Animal violaceous,
VERMETUS. 175
deepest on the back, more bluish and lighter towards the- mar-
gins of the foot. MORCH.
It is V. effusus, Val. (fig. 36), V. angulatus, Rouss. (fig. 37).
Yar. PANAMENSIS, Rouss. (fig. 35). = Var. maxima, Morch.
Differs in its smoo'.h surface and deep transverse furrows.
Var. PERONII, Val. (fig. 38). Without impressed punctations.
Var. SIPHONATA, Morch (fig. 39). = V. Peronii, Rouss., non
Val. Subcyliiulrical, spirally twisted, vertically attached,
suture dilated, with close, very obsolete nodulous line, the
interstices impressed punctate. Diam. apert, 5'5 mill.
Puntarenas.
Var. TULTPA, Rouss. (fig. 40). Laterally attached, irregularly
spirally twisted ; whorls oblique, smooth or ver} r obsoletely
sculptured on the later whorls, variegated violaceous and
white.
Var. BMDGESII, Morch (unfigured). Very like the last, but the
color is mostly obliterated and the last whorl is partly free
and erect.
V. Rouss^i, Vaillant. PI. 51, fig. 43.
Earlier whorls spirally twisted, afterwards lengthened, undu-
lated, longitudinally lirate, line fading towards the aperture,
cancellate towards the base, which is flattened.
Timor.
The figures of Chenu's Illust. Conch, represent two species.
One of these is selected by Morch as best answering the original
description of V. sipho, Lam., and I have copied it ; the other
appears to be a V. polyphragma, Sassi. Vaillant, from an exam-
ination of specimens in the Paris Museum, thinks that neither of
these figures represents the type, and he therefore describes the
sipho of Rousseau and Morch, as V. Rousssei, Vaillant. I may
add that none of the figures cited by Lamarck himself agree
with his description.
Unfigured Species of Vermetus.
V. BALANi-TiiNTiNNABULi, Morch, and Var. CRYSTALLINA, Morch.
Philippines.
V. PACHYLASMA, Morch. (Possibly a fossil.) ? Guinea.
176 VERMETUS.
Subgeuus BIVONTA, Gray, 1842.
V. TRIQUETRA, Bivona. PI. 50, figs. 41, 42.
Solitary or gregarious, subtriangular, a little depressed, orbicu-
larly or turbinately twisted, transversely flexuoscly rugose,
anterior portion of the shell when free, becoming cylindrical,
but if remaining attached, continuing subtriangular; whitish or
brownish.
Mediterranean Sea.
V. contortuplicatus, Var., A. Scaechi, is a synonym.
Var. PINNICOLA, Morch. Irregularly spiral, with three crcnulated
longitudinal lines. It is V. granulatus, Graven., not Fabr.,
and perhaps V. rupestris, Risso.
Tar. SPIRORBIS, Morch. Solitary, white, cretaceous, spirorbiform ,
with a crenulated dorsal carina, and one or two arcuate
varices in the penultimate whorl.
Var. ALETES, Morch. Laterally affixed, whorls flattened, ob-
liquely declined ; dorsal carina compressed, crenulated,
approximating the umbilicus ; incremental striae membran-
aceous, obsoletely undulated in the umbilical region.
Vars. SERPULINA, EXPANSA and AMPLIATA, Morch.
Yar. FASCICULARIS, Morch (fig. 42). Shells aggregating, base
spiral, anteriorly upright, rounded. '-Forms a transition to
the next species, from which perhaps it does not differ.
Y. SEMISURRECTUS, Bivona. PI. 51, fig. 44.
Solitary, cylindrical, white, apex contorted, rugose, adnale,
anteriorly the tube is free, flexuose, longitudinally striate or
almost smooth. Mediterranean Sea.
V. SEQUENSIANUS, Avadas and Benoit. PI. 51, fig. 45.
Irregularly spirally twisted and attached below, finally becom-
ing erect;, whorls at first angulated, rugosely longitudinally
striate, and with stong incremental striae, the free portion be-
coming cylindrical and smooth, rather fragile, gregarious.
Sicily.
Y. QUOYI, H. and A. Adams. PI. 51, fig. 46.
Solitary, loosely contorted, rather thin, livid white, brown
clouded, attached at the end, last whorl long, flexuous, with
VERMETUS. 177
obsolete longitudinal lirae, and still more obsolete intermediate
striae, incremental striae membranaceous ; aperture circular, diam.
about 4 mill. Philippines.
Shell very like the preceding.
Morch adds vars. LTLACINA, PLANORBOIDES, LAQUEARIS, RUGOSO-
SQUAMOSA, STRIGATA,PAPILLOSA, CORALLIOPIIILA, TRIQUETRA, GRAN-
IFERA,FULGURATA,PUNCTATA, VARTEGATA, FLOS-LACTIS. According
to Yaillant Lamarck's V. eruca, from examination of the speci-
men, is the same and should have priority.
V. GOREENSIS, Gmelin. PL 51, fig. 47.
Conglomerated, rounded, cancellated, yellowish, corneous
within, with close longitudinal elevated striae. L. of tube 8-9
inches, diam. 6-8 mill. Operculum so small as to be hardly
perceptible, not over a quarter of a millimetre in diameter.
W. Africa.
I ' figured Species.
Y. EXSERTA, Dall. West Indies.
Y. CONSTRICTOR, Morch. Australia.
Y. SUTILTS, and vars. MAJOR and TRIQUETRA, Morch.
Panama to Mazatlan.
Y. IONICA, Danillo and Sandri. Dalmatia.
Y. GREGARTA, Monts. Sicily.
Y. PANORMITANUS, Gregorio. Sicily.
Y. COMPACTA, Carp. Vancouver's Island.
Subgenus SPIROGLYPHUS, Daudin, 1800.
Y. SPIRULIFORMIS, De Serres. PI. 51, figs. 48, 49.
Spiruliform, brownish or ash colored, or white, sometimes fas-
ciated, the last whorl detached but continuing spiral, smooth or
with growth-striae. Diam. 1 inch.
Zanzibar, Philippines, Red Sea.
Morch describes vars. SCAPHITOIDES, VORTEX, LEMNISCATA, SPI-
RALIS, SOLIDISSIMA, TMMERSA (fig. 49), ERYTHR^ENSIS, DTSCULUS.
Y. AMMONITIFORMIS, De Serres. PL 52, fig. 54.
Planorbiform, last whorl closely wound like the others, with
strong incremental striae. Diam. 20 mill.
Indian Ocean, on Perna isognomon.
12
178 VERMETUS.
Y. SPIRORBIS, Sowb. PI. 51, fig. 50.
Planorbiform, white, smootkish, whorls not in contact.
? Cape of Good Hope.
V. ANNULATUS, Daudin. PI. 51, figs. 51, 52.
Irregularly spiral, transversely lamellate.
West Indies, on Shells.
Var. CORRODENS, d'Orb. (fig. 51). Having a peripheral carination,
forming a tooth-like projection at the mouth. This is var.
dentifera of Mb'rch.
Var. IRREGULARIS, d'Orb. (fig. 52). Brownish black, irregularly
contorted, transversely rugosely plicate. This is var. glome-
rata, Morch.
Yar. TROCHICOLA, Morch (unfigured).
Y. GLOMERATUS, Bivona. PL 51, fig. 53 ; PI. 52, figs. 55-58.
Conglomerated, tubes cylindrical or subangulated, contorted,
transversely undulately rugose. Mediterranean Sea.
Morch has vars. CRUSTANS and TUBULOSA = ANNULATA, Lam.
(fig. 58).
V. cristatus, Biondi, is the young of this species. Yaillant
remarks that Daudin's species is smaller than V. annulatus, Lam.,
and corrodes the surface upon which it is attached ; as Daudin has
priority he proposes for the Lamarckian species V. annularium.
Monterosato has substituted the name petrsea, because of Ser-
pula glomerata, Linn.; he adds a var. minor.
Embryonal whorls smooth, projecting in the centre of the shell,
and not unlike a very small Amnicola. Has more regular whorls
and wants the tooth-like process of the carina in the aperture of
V. annulatus.
Doubtful and Unfgured Species.
SERPULA COSTALIS and S. iNFUNDiBULUM,of Chenu's Illust. Conch.
Y. ALBIDUS, Carp. Mazatlan.
Y. STiiAMONiT^;. Morch. ? Guinea.
Y. ANGULIFERA, Monts. Tripoli.
Y. PLANORBIS, Dkr. PL 52, fig. 59.
Planorbiform, somewhat solid, white, carinated, transversely
sublamellate, whorls in contact.
Japan, slightly immersed in the surface of
Vermetus imbricatu*, Dkr.
VEEMETUS. 179
Subgenus THYLACODES, Guettard, 1774.
V. POLYPHRAGMA, Sassi. PL 52", figs. 60-62.
Solitary, irregularly twisted, commencing irregularly spiral,
with dilated suture, afterwards rounded, longitudinally finely
striate, the striae often alternately smaller, frequently granose,
sometimes with three or four strong line, remote nodules and
intervening brownish pu notations ; color usually whitish or
yellowish white. Aperture, 14 mill. wide.
Mediterranean Sea.
The synonyms are V. arenaria, Lam., in part., Serpula intes-
tina, Salis, Dentalium intestiniforme, Linn., teste Hanley, V.
gigas, Gray, in part.
Yar. ALETES, Morch (fig. 62). Laterally attached, almost regu-
larly spiral ; last whorl somewhat protracted. It is V.
lineolata, Gravenh.
Yar. AMPLA, Morch. Loosely contorted, rather thin, whorls
scarcely contiguous, the last rather short, solute, with approxi-
mating small longitudinal lira? decussated by incremented
stria?, interstices lightly punctate ; last whorl with two or
three interrupted lira? above, elongately nodulose ; whitish,
or yellowish white, first whorls light violaceous.
Malta.
Y. DENTIFERUS, Lam. PI. 52, fig. 63.
Large, subsolitary or often conglomerated, irregularly twisted
at first, with rugose growth-stride, fine longitudinal lines, and
frequently two or three longitudinal riblets bearing distant
tubercles.
Indian Ocean, Australia.
Mu'rch describes a var. REPENS. The following species is
probabty only a variety, and both might be referred to V. poly-
phragma. The Lamarckian examples appear to include several
species, according to M. Yaillant ; I give the form as restricted
by Morch.
Y. NoV^E-HOLLANDIiE, RoilSS. PI. 53, fig. 64.
Shells agglomerated, inferiorly contorted, then protracted,
180 VERMETUS.
with numerous subdentate longitudinal costellse, and intervening
striae; brownish. Probably identical with the foregoing species.
Australia.
Described by Morch under the name of F. sulcatus, Lam.,
but one of the three types of that species is a fossil and different,
the other two appear to be V. sipho, Lam.
Y. MASTER, Deshayes. PI. 53, fig. 65.
Large and thick, irregularly spiral, not elevated, with about
twenty longitudinal grooves ; grayish, yellowish brown or flesh-
color, corneous within. Length, 1 foot, diam. 16-18 mill.
Cape Verde Is.
Le Masier, of Adanson. It is also F. sipho (Lam. in part),
Blainv., and F. arenarius, Daudin.
Y. BRAZILIENSIS, Rousseau. PI. 53, fig. 66.
Large, solitary, at first spiral, last whorl protected, lightly
curved, erect, with slight distant spiral line.
Diam. apert. 30 mill. Brazil.
Y. ATRA, Rousseau. PL 53, fig. 67.
Usually solitary, thick, spirally twisted, laterally attached,
last whorl protracted, rounded, the affixed ones with expanded
sides ; surface with close growth-Hues, and distant longitudinal
lirulae ; black or very dark brown. Diam. of aperture, about 20
mill.
Philippines, New Caledonia, East Indies.
This is Serpula colubrina, Bolten, F. fuscata, Humphr., ? F.
ochrea, Gmel. Morch adds vars. ALBINA, brown and blackish,
mixed with white towards the aperture, VIOLACEO-FUSCA, L^VI-
USCULA, and AGGLOMERATA.
Y. IMBRICATUS, Dunker. PI. 53, fig. 68.
Rather solid, laterally attached, anterior^ sometimes free and
erect, light brownish, with longitudinal, snbimbricated costulse.
Japan.
Y. NOHOSO-RUGOSUS, Lischke. PI. 53, figs. 69, 70.
Whitish, yellowish or violaceous brown, somewhat solid, irreg-
ularly twisted, anteriorly shortly erect, flat and attached below,
obsoletely carinate and nodosely transversely wrinkled above,
becoming smoother towards the aperture. Japan.
VERMETUS. 181
V. DECUSSATUS, {Jmelin. PI. 53, figs. 71, 72.
Rather solid, variously twisted, solitary, laterally attached ;
whorls rounded, sometimes contiguous at the commencement,
with longitudinal lirae and intermediate striae, decussated by
incremental stria? ; yellowish white, variegated and clouded by
light brown.
West Indies.
Morch describes vars. TENUIS, INTERMEDIA, L^EVIGATA, with
smooth whorls, represented in part by V. PORITES, Rouss. (fig.
72), all from West Indies; and vars. PHILIPPINENSIS and BADIA,
from the Philippine Islands.
V. SQUAMIGERUS, Carp. PL 54, figs. 73, 74.
Yellowish white, usually conglomerated, loosely twisted,
becoming erect, closely longitudinally costate, with intermediate
raised lines, scaly decussated, the erect anterior portion marked
by rugose incremental striae only.
Southern California, Lower California.
Yar. PENNATA, Morch (fig. 74).
Solitary, laterally attached, longitudinal lirae rather distant,
compressed, nodosely serrated, alternately smaller, the inter-
stices striate ; whitish, or yellowish, with angulated (pennate)
incremental striae, which are occasionally chestnut-colored.
California.
This is F. margaritarum, of Val. (Voy. Venus), in part.
V. MICHAUDII, Rouss. PL 54, fig. 75.
Yellowish white, laterally attached, longitudinally closely
striate, with distant annular ribs.
Nab. unknown.
V. PORITES Rousseau. PL 54, fig. 76.
Thin, laterally attached, very lightly longitudinally striated;
incremental striae very close, obsolete, with regular, remote
incremental sulci, the interstices slightly convex; yellowish
white, darker within.
Hob. unknown, on a coral.
Y. LONGIFILIS, Morch. PL 54, fig. 77.
Reclining, laterally attached, loosely twisted, variegated with
yellow and light brown, longitudinally lirulate, with three or
182 VERMETUS.
four stronger, remote line, aperture transversely oval, bluish
within. Australia.
This is the type and only species of the subgenus Tetr anemia,
Morch, which is described as having very long pedal filaments,
subulate, and not retractile, with an intermediate mamilla ; the
mesopodium small, elongated, with two posterior short filaments.
F. dentiferus, Quoy, not Lamarck, is a synonym.
V. INOPERTUS, Riippell. PI. 54, fig. 78.
Olivaceous, rather thick, twisted. Animal with conical
rostrum ; tentacles short, thick, proceeding from a heart-shaped
dorsal process ; no pedal filaments, metapodium large, cylin-
drical, truncate, penis subulate. Red Sea.
It is V. operculatus, Gray, and (according to Issel) F. eruca,
Lam.
V. GRANDIS, Gray. PI. 54, fig. 79.
Clouded, yellowish brown, contorted, laterally affixed, longi-
tudinally striate, flattened on the base, convex above, where there
are two or three more prominent rugose ridge-like striae, aper-
ture round, violaceous.
Australia.
This is the type of the subgenus Cladopoda, Gray, and the
following species are included therein by Morch. The diagnosis
is: Operculum none; foot elongate, front end simple, hinder
extremity oblong, clavate or subtruncate.
It is F. arenarius. Lam., of Quoy and Gaimard. Morch adds
a Var. OXYGONA.
V. ELEGANS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 54, fig. 80.
Animal cinereous, the tentacles, head and foot maculated and
spotted with red. Shell and habitat unknown.
V. ZELANDICUS, Gray. PL 54, fig. 81.
Animal with yellowish head, brown and red-spotted in front,
foot 3'ellowish, spotted with red, mantle widely margined with
orange-red. Shell contorted, having no characters of importance.
New Zealand.
Possibly identical with the preceding species. It is F. -Novse-
Zelandise of Gray.
VERMETUS. 183
. Doubtful^and Unfigured Species of Thylacodes.
Y. CUVJERI, Risso (PL 48, fig. 19). Southern Europe.
This unrecognized species is the type of the subgenus Lemcn-
tina, Risso, distinguished by the remarkably radiated metapo-
dium. Dr. Gray regarded it as " probably only a badly described
and figured Serpuloides arenarius. n
Y. ORYZATA, and var. ANNULATUS, Morch. Panama.
Y. RUMPHII, Blainv. (V. protensa, Dillw., V. vormium, Petiv.).
Nab. unknown.
Y. PROTENSUS, Gmel. Hab.' unknown.
Y. SCABER, Gravenhorst. Hab. unknown.
Y. NATALENSIS, Morch. So. Africa.
Y. ERUCIFORMIS, and vars. ERYTHROSCLERA and LUMBRICELLA,
Morch. California.
Y. RIISET, and vars. MUHLENPFORDET, and LIMACELLA, Morch.
West Indies.
Y. TURONIUS, Rouss. Definitely ascertained to be a fossil. See
Yaillant, Nouv. Arch, du Mus., 193, 1871.
Y. ANNULUS, Rouss. Hab. unknown.
Y. SELECTUS, Monts. and vars. ARBOREA and RAMOSA.
Mediterranean Sea.
Y. MELANOSTOMUS, Morch. Zanzibar.
Y. SIP HO, Lam. Timor.
Y. LAMARCKII, Yaillant. Australia.
Subgenus SIPHONIUM (Browne. 1756), Morch, 1859.
Y. LITUELLA, Morch. PI. 54, fig. 82.
Variously twisted, often openly spiral, laterally attached and
deeply immersed, with a median carina or rib above, which is
more or less nodulous, and close, rugose incremental lines ; color
whitish or ash, often obsoletely brown clouded, early whorls
chestnut colored. California, on Haliotis, etc.
It is V. ammoniformis, Serres.
Y. AFRUM, Gmel. PL 54, fig. 83.
Yery solid, white, corroding and attached lateralh-, spiral,
becoming thinner towards the aperture, with a superior rib and
obsolete longitudinal striae, distant incremental sulci, and close
arcuate incremental striae. Gaboon, W..Africa, on Chama.
It is " Le Datin " of Adanson,
184 VERMETUS.
Y. POLITUS, Daudin. PL 54, figs. 84-86.
Paucispiral, openly wound, like a hunting-horn ; whorls two,
rapidly enlarging to the rounded aperture, laterally attached
and corroding, white, smooth, with somewhat distant annular
constrictions.
Indian Ocean, etc. On Tridacna and Serpula.
V. perforans, Serres, is a synonym.
Y. NEBULOSUS, Dillw. PL 54, figs. 87, 88.
Young shell planorbiform, corroding, chestnut-color to white,
slightly spirally lirulate ; afterwards contorted, variegated with
light brown and white, lirae rugose, with three squamiferous
lirse above ; finally becoming free, with rugose simulations and
sulcations, and longitudinal sculpture obsolete.
West Indies.
Morch describes Yars. SERRATA, ACULEATA, TURBOIDES = Ser-
pula bicarinata, Sowb. (fig. 88), IMBRICATA = Serpula dentifera,
Sowb., PLANORBOIDES, RUGOSA, ANAULAX, FISSURATA.
Y. MARGARITARUM, Yal. (in part). PL 55, fig. 92.
Large, spirally lirulate, with more distant nodose ribs,
chestnut-brown to yellowish.
Panama Mazatlan.
Y. MAXIMUS, Sowb. PL 55, figs. 89, 90.
Large, irregularly twisted, rather smooth, annularly rugose,
dorsal carina becoming spinose anteriorly ; often deeply im-
bedded in coral ; diam. of aperture 1 inch. The young shell is
subtriangular, with dorsal carina.
Java Polynesia.
Morch describes several varieties; among them he names
SCANDENS, MEGACENTRO, PR^ELONGA, BTANGULAR1S.
Undetermined and Unfigured Species.
Y. CARINIFERUS, Gray. New Zealand.
Y. LAMELLOSUS, Hutton. New Zealand.
Y. SUBGRANOSUS, Morch, with Yars. CARTNATA, COST ALE, and
TRIQUETRA. JEast Indies.
Y. LURIDUS, Morch. Society Islands.
VERMETUS. 185
Y. G^EDAROPI, Morch ( V. turboides, Chieregh.).
? Spain on Spondylus.
Y. PICTUS, Morch, and Yar. TURBOIDES. East Indies.
Y. TEXTUM, Morch, and Vars. SCAPTOIDES and UNGUICULATA.
Philippines.
Y. SUBCRENATUS, Lam. East Indies, Philippines.
Yars. SQUAMULOSA, BIFUNICULARIS, CRISTATA, SUBDECUSSATA, and
SPINOSA, Morch.
Y. DACOST.E, Morch (PI. 55, fig. 91). Hab. unknown.
Y. PLATYPUS, Morch. Sandwich Is.
Y. TEREDULA, Morch. ? Morocco.
Y. LEUCOZONIAS, Morch. W. Africa.
Y. MEGAMASTUM, Morch (PI. 55, fig. 93), and Yar. IMBRICATUS,
Carp. California.
? Y. ADAMSII, Morch. ? Borneo, Japan.
Y. PLICARIA, Lam. Australia.
Subgcnus STEPHOPOMA, Morch, 1860.
Y. ROSEUS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 55, fig. 94.
Shell small, spirally twisted, cylindrical, rugose, rose-colored.
Operculum round, brownish, multispira bearing a large number
of divergent multifid corneous hairs.
New Zealand.
Y. PENNATUS, Morch. PI. 55, figs. 95, 96.
Solitary, spirally angulately twisted, with* open umbilicus;
whorls obsoletely quadrangular or pentagonal, closely longitu-
dinally lirulate, incremental striae irregular; white, brownish or
variegated.
W. Coast of Central America.
Morch describes a var. bispinosa, distinguished by a different
form in the bristles of the operculum, when viewed under a lens.
Un figured Species.
Y. SENTICOSUS, Morch. Hab. unknown.
Y. TRICUSPIS, Morch. Australis.
Y. LYNGBYANUS, Morch. Denmark.
186 VEBMETUS.
Subgenus VERMICULARIA, Lam., 1799.
The animal is thus described by Stimpson :
" Mantle fringed at its margin with short filaments ; foot very
short and broad, dilated into rounded auricles anteriorly ; muz-
zle broad, not cleft; tentacula short, conical, with eyes at their
exterior base ; an elevated ridge runs along the back, becomes
flattened into a membrane at the head, and passes round under
the right tentacle, forming a kind of canal, near which is the
anus; its color is light brown, with patches and spots of black.
Viviparous. The young shell is helicoid and reversed. Oper-
culum corneous, black and hard on the inner, and lamellated on
the outer surface ; it is surrounded by a thin, membranous,
flexible portion, about one-fourth its diameter ; thus it is enabled
to close its shell perfectly at the aperture, and yet to retreat far
into the narrower whorls."
V. TORTUOSUS, Solander. PI. 55, fig. 97 ; PI. 56, fig. 1.
Loosely twisted, whorls flattened or slightly concave on the
exterior, smooth, rectangular above and below, margined by a
rib, spire short, conical.
Philippines.
V. costalis, Rouss., is a synonym. It is doubtful whether this
species is distinct from V. lumbricalis ; yet Morch has described
vars. unicostalis (fig. 97) and nidificans.
V. LUMBRICALIS, Linn. PL 55, fig. 98.
Yellowish chestnut color ; whorls rounded with or without one
or two exterior carinae, sometimes with two slight inferior carinae,
smooth or longitudinally striae.
Philippines, East Indies.
This is the well-known type of the family Vermetidae. It is
very doubtful whether it should be restricted to oriental speci-
mens, as no permanent differential characters appear to charac-
terize the forms from other localities which have received distinct
names, as for instance, that of the Atlantic coast of the United
States and West Indies. Morch has described vars. DIAPHANA,
CORNEA, AMPLIATA, RUGULOSA and TERES (= Indicus, Rouss. in
part).
VERMETUS. 187
Y. SPIRATUS, Phil. PL 55, figs. 99, 100.
Shell chestnut-colored, varying to light yellowish ash, more or
less longitudinally striated and carinated.
Atlantic Coast of the UnitedStaf.es, West Indies,
Gulf of Mexico.
Var. MELANOSCLERA, Morch. Shell solid, chestnut-colored, with
dark transverse 1 striae, obtusely quadrangular, exteriorly
angulated in the middle, the angle lighter colored, longitu-
dinally lirulate, interior sides strongly lirate.
Vera Cruz.
Var. QUADRANGULARIS, Moich (= quadrangular, Phil.). Reddish
brown.
Yucatan.
Var. BICARINATUS, Morch. This is the ordinary West Indian and
Florida type as figured above. Dall. describes a V. lumbri-
calis, var. nigricans, growing in large patches, almost form-
ing reefs on the West Coast of Florida. He can scarcely
refer to this form ; more probably it is V. varians, d'Orb.
This is V. lumbricalis, d'Orb., V. Knorri, Desh.
Var. RADICULA, Stimpson (fig. 100). Yellowish ash-color, with
several unequal strong ridges, sometimes spotted with chest-
nut, and intermediate fine lirulse. United States, Mass, to
Fla.
This is V. lumbricalis of Gould, and var. cinerea of Morch.
Vars. UNGULINA, SCALARTS and TERES are also given by Morch.
V. DIMORPHUS, Morch. PI. 5G, fig. 2.
Solid, spirally twisted, variegated ash-color and cinnamon;
whorls loose, laterally connate and affixed, longitudinally closely
stimulate, with three unequal remote exterior lirre, upper side
with a plane surface destitute of sculpture.
Philippines.
Morch adds a var. LITUINA.
V. PELLUCIDUS, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 56, figs. 3-6, 9, 10.
Pellucid, longitudinally striate, carinate towards the apex.
West Coast of Central and South America.
188 SILIQUARIA.
Yar. PLANOBOIDES, Moreh, fig. 9. Rather thin, irregularly plan-
orbiform, laterally aflixed, beautifully densely longitudinally
striated and flatly lirate, spire turretelloid. It is Serpula
regularis, Chenu.
Yar. CBASSA, Morch, fig. 10. Lira? prominent, shell irregularly
twisted. Animal greenish maculated and reticulated with
white, tentacles long, subulate, interruptedly lineated ; pro-
boscis short, rounded. This is Serpula Panamensis, Chenu.
Yar. EBURNEUS, Reeve (fig. 6). Shell white, thick, loosely whorled,
with distant, subobsolete longitudinal sculpture. = Yar.
volubilis, Morch.
There are also vars. LAQUEARIS, CINNAMOMINA, PICTA, TIGRINA,
CASTANEA, DISCIFER and SUBGRANOSA of Morch.
Y. EFFUSUS, Yal. in part (PL 56, fig. 7). Hab. unknown.
Y. TURRITELLA, Rouss. (PL 56, fig. 8). Hab. unknown.
Y. SOLARINUS, Morch (unfigured). Philippines.
Y. RASTRUM, Morch (unfigured). Hab. unknown.
Genus SILIQUARIA, Brug., 1789.
Section SILIQUARIA (sensu stricto).
S. PONDEROSA, Morch. PL 57, fig. 11.
Yellowish white, very thick, large ; whorls broadly convoluted,
apex obtuse, outer half of whorls much thickened by a deeply
transversely fissured layer, slit continuous below, margined above
by waved dentate lamellae, in the earlier whorls usually articu-
lated, thin, filled within by shelly matter.
Australia.
S. SENEGALENSIS, Recluz. PL 57, fig. 12.
Heavy, upper portion of spire-whorls a little convex, plane or
excavated, closely radiately undulate-sulcate, closely volute,
forming a narrow umbilicus, externally transversely deeply fis-
sured, slit open, slightly undulate-dentate ; pink or pale fulvous.
Senegal.
This is S. incisa of Morch, not Chemnitz.
Yar. ROSEA, Morch. Deep rose-color, apex whitish, umbilicus
pervious.
SILIQUARIA. 189
Yar. LINEATA, Morch. Whitish, whorls with close longitudinal
light orange-colored lines below.
S. ENCAUSTICA, Morch. PI. 57, fig. 13.
Small, thick, rugose, irregularly pyramidal, pointed, tube small,
umbilical region covered by an enameled callus, thickened,
roughly wrinkled and transversely fissured on the peripheral
side; slit closed in the upper whorls, then articulated, finally
open, continuous.
Ceylon.
Described from a single specimen in the Cumingian collection.
S. TROCHLEARIS, Morch. PI. 57, fig. 14.
Rather thin, umbilicus narrow, pervious ; whorls 6, at first
close, then dissolute, plane above and below, transversely
densely rugosely fissured, longitudinally very obsoletely striate
and sulcate, with yellowish spiral lines, slit undulately dentate.
Philippines.
S. OBTUSA, Schum. PL 57, figs. 15, 16.
Shell elongated, whorls large, spirally rather finely li rated,
smoother on the umbilical face, thickened on the outside and
transversely fissured; spiral slit simple, frequently closed
towards the apex.
Mediterranean Sea.
It is S. anguina, of Phil., Sowb., etc., but not of Linnaeus.
There are Yars. ROSEA, Montr., and COST^E, Cantraine.
Section AGATHIRSES, Montfort, 1810.
S. AUSTRALIS, Quoy and Gaimard. PI. 58, fig. 20 ; PL 57, fig. 17.
Shell large, thick, apex pyramidal, tube finely longitudinally
striated on the inner side, thick, rugose and transversely fissured
on the outer side, slit represented by round holes, gaping open
near the aperture.
Australia.
Morch describes Yars. SCALARIFORMIS, MULTILIRATA and
T^ENIATA (fig. 17).
S. REENTZII, Morch.
Graceful, obsoletely longitudinally lirulate, rust color, whitish
towards the aperture, with a chestnut line below the slit. First
described as Yar. ferruginea of S. Australis.
190 SILIQUARIA.
S. TOSTUS, Morch. PL 57, fig. 18.
Small, rust color, darker brown at the apex ; tube narrow,
rather smooth, spire suborbicular ; fissure articulated, bordered
by a dentate line on either side.
Ceylon.
Differs (insufficiently) from the next species in the elliptical,
distant pores, the slit being bordered by a narrow elevated
undulated line on both sicUes ; so that except in the last whorl,
the slit seems situated on the top of a feeble carina.
S. CUMINGII, Morch. PL 57, fig. 19 ; PL 58, fig. 21.
Whorls 5, the first scalariform, angulated behind, the angle
evanescent in the last whorl, granularly lirate below, line distant,
the interstices with intervening lirulse, externally transversely
lightly fissured, the fissures evanescent in last whorl, umbilical
region longitudinally undulately striate, decussated by sigmoid,
distant radiating sulci ; slit at first closed, afterwards with open
round holes, which finally coalesce into a denticulated open slit.
Philippines, Japan.
Morch describes Yars. RUDIS, CONIFER, PLATYOMPHALA, LUM-
BRTCALIS, L^VILIRATA, JAPONICA.
S. BERNARDII, Morch. PL 58, fig. 22.
White, clouded with fawn color, thin, elongated, narrowly
and loosely twisted, irregularly pjTamidal towards the apex ;
tube narrow, crenulately striated, slit band roundly articulated.
Australia.
S. ANGUINA, Linn. PL 58, figs. 23-25.
Shell rather thick, broadly irregularly twisted, distantly
spirally ridged, ridges sharply squamose or spined ; tube gener-
ally very slowly increasing ; spiral fissure very narrow, partly
consisting of oblong perforations, partly continuous and dentate
by the coalescence of these ; white, yellowish or purplish, some-
times two colors on the same specimen.
Moluccas, Ceylon.
The synonyms are S. muricata, Born., S. volvox, I)illw.,-$.
ruber, Schum., S. sulcata, Gray, S. polygona, Blainv., S. Dunkeri,
Morch, S. squamata, Blainv. (fig. 25). In the latter form the
slit is simple and open, although otherwise the features are those
of anguina. This is not an error in the representation of the
CRYPTOBIA. 191
shell, for similar specimens are before me, besides intermediates.
These sections of Siliquaria, I repeat, are founded on evanescent
characters, and should be accepted with reserve.
Section PYXIPOMA, Morch, 1860.
S. LACTEA, Lam. PI. 58, fig. 20.
Narrow, smoothish, pellucid, white, obsoletely brown-tinted,
rarely striated, apical whorls slightly pyramidal, fissure articu-
lated, partly closed by an internal lamina near the apex.
Australia, China, East Indies.
Gregarious, forming conglomerated masses.
T. TAHEITENSIS, Morch. PI. 58, fig. 2T.
Rather thick, smooth, fulvous, longitudinally lirulate, cancel-
lated between the ridges, slit narrow, right margin thichkened.
Tahiti.
Shell much larger than the preceding, with stronger lirse, the
interstices cancellated, slit coarctate. The only figure of the
species is from a fragment in the British Museum.
S. WELDII, Tenison-Woods. PL 58, fig. 28.
Graceful, smooth or very lightly longitudinally striated,
whitish, yellowish, or very light rosy, first three whorls with the
slit filled below, afterwards it is open.
So. Australia, Tasmania.
Undetermined or Unfigured Species of Siliquaria.
S. COST^E, Cantraine. Mediterranean Sea.
S. GLABRA, Risso (= the above ?). Mediterranean.
S. MOBII, Morch. Manilla.
S. GIGAS, Lesson. Moluccas.
S. PAPILLOSA, Rees. Hab. unknown.
S. SPIRALIS, Risso (? = S. obtusa, Schum.). Mediterranean.
S. ANGUILL^E, Morch. West Indies.
S. MODESTA, Dall. West Indies.
Genus CRYPTOBIA, Desh., 1863.
The two species, MICHELINI and HETEROPSAMMARIUM, are not
described or figured. Isl. Reunion.
FAMILY TURRITELLIDM.
Animal with a short broad rostrum ; long, subulate, diverging
tentacles, the eyes slightly prominent at their external base ;
mantle margin fringed, slightly plicate or channeled in front and
on the right side ; branchial plume single, very long ; foot very
short, truncate in front, attenuated and obtuse behind, grooved
beneath, operculigerous lobe simple.
The lingual dentition varies in the number of margined teeth ;
thus for T. acicula, the marginals are suppressed, and. the for-
mula is 0-1-1-1-0 (PI. 59, fig. 30); for T. ungulina, 2-1-1-1-2,
(PI. 30, fig. 11), and for T. triplicata 3-1-1-1-3 (PI. 59, fig. 29).
T. lactea, representing the group Mesalia, has the marginal teeth
with smooth edges, formula 2-1-1-1-2 (PL 30, fig. 12).
Shell spiral, not umbilicated, spire very long, of numerous
whorls, with revolving striae or carinations, and curved growth-
striae ; mouth obliquely oval or subquadrangular, usually entire,
lip not thickened. Operculum multispiral.
The genus Eglisia, Gray, 1840, included by man 3^ conchologists
in this family, belongs apparently to the Scalariidae. Yon
Maltzan has recently described a genus Smithia, 1883, which is
said to have a multispiral operculum, and is placed by him in
Turritellidae, yet in the scalariform whorls, depressed superior
portion, etc., it appears to be simply an exaggeration of the char-
acters of Eglisia ; and it is connected with that group by Fischer.
The Turritellidae have been monographed by :
Kiener. Coquilles vivantes. 34 species.
Reeve. Conchologia Iconica. 68 species. 1849.
Boury has monographed the genus Mathilda, in Journal de
Conchyliologie, 1883.
Synopsis of Genera.
Genus TURRITELLA, Lam., 1799.
Shell pyramidal, the numerous whorls spirally striated or
ridged, crossed by arcuated growth-lines, spire very long, aper-
ture oval or subquadrangular, entire, lip thin. Operculum with
fimbriated margin.
(192)
CALYPTR^EID^E.
PLATE 34
66
65
56
64-
69
83
72
82
74
71
CALYPTR^EID^E.
PLATE 35
s
88
\
x>"S/-'
85
100
98
CALYPTR^EID^E.
b
m
21
18
ID
19
CALYPTR^EIDvE.
PL- ATE 37
m
30
CALYPTR^EID^E.
PLATE 38
PLATE 39
CALYPTRvEIDJE.
CALYPTR^EIDvE.
PLATE 41
PLATE 42
CALYPTR^EID^E.
PLATE 43
b9
A 1 * 1 . i : f j ' * .-Wfe* 1 >
XENOPHORID^E
PLATE 44
,
XENOPHORIDvE
ji.^' .
PLATE 45
m
i
I
TURRITELLID^E.
About a hundred species are known, inhabiting all seas, but
principally tropical and subtropical. The fossils number about
four hundred species ; the genus commenced in the trias.
The genus Proto, Defrance, 1824, is probaj% founded on a
young Turritella : Proto of authors (Protoma, Baird) is different.
Section I. TURRITELLA (restricted).
Whorls rounded, spiral!} 7 striate, unicolored, aperture rounded.
Section II. HAUSTATOR, Montfort, 1810.
Whorls flattened, mouth subquadrangular, outer lip sinuous ;
usually undulatingly strigate with chestnut-color.
Section III. TORCULA, Gray, 1847.
Shell turriculated, usually white or horn-colored with faint
strigations of chestnut-color ; whorls subangular, with a median
excavation ; aperture subquadrangular, the outer lip with a slight
median sinus.
Section IY. ZARTA, Gray, 1841.
Shell turriculated, without color markings ; whorls carinated ;
aperture subquadrangular, outer lip simple.
Section Y. TURRITELLOPSIS, Sars, 1878.
Shell like Turritella, the whorls of the spire grooved across ;
aperture oval. The radula is without marginal teeth. Inhabits
boreal seas. Tachyrhynchus, Morch., 1868, separated from
Mesalia by a slight difference in the operculum, is a synonym.
I do not adopt it instead of Turritellopsis because the real dif-
ferences of radula, size and habitat are not mentioned.
Subgenus MESALIA, Gray, 1842.
Shell turritelliform, the last whorl rounded; aperture oval,
slightly produced in front into a rudimentary channel, lip sharp,
arcuated, slightly sinuous behind, columella flattened, a little
twisted at the base. Operculum with fewer whorls than in Tur-
ritella, the nucleus central. Lateral and marginal teeth of the
radula with smooth edges.
West Africa ; fossil in the Eocene.
13
194 Tt T RRlTELLID..
Subgenus ARCOTIA, Stoliczka, 1868.
Turreted, elongated, spirally striate, the incremental lines
straight, not curved ; columella excavated, aperture angulatety
rounded, subeffuse anteriorly.
Jurassic and Cretaceous of India. T. INDICA, Stol. (S. and S.
Conch., t. 67, f. 64).
Subgenus LITHOTROCHUS, Conrad.
Shell having the appearance of an elongated Trochus ; spire
obtuse, the whorls numerous, transversely grooved, last whorl
carinated, smaller than the spire; there is a thickened sutural
band, with very numerous growth-striae ; aperture subtetragonal,
entire.
Lias of Chili. T. HUMBOLDTII, Buch (S. and S. Conch, t. 67,
f. 66).
Genus PROTOMA, Baird, 1870.
Shell turreted, with flattened whorls, aperture oval, narrowly
channeled and excised in front, with a basal swelling and a
fascicle around the excision, lip sinuous behind. Operculum
circular, corneous, multispiral.
A single recent species is known, from West Africa.
This is the genus Proto, of authors, not Defrance, represented
in the Miocene of Europe.
? Genus GLAUCOXIA, Geibel, 1852.
Shell turriculated, conical, sometimes pupiform, the whorls
less numerous than in Turritella, and crossed by costulations ;
outer lip notched or sinuated by an impressed furrow which
winds round the last whorl ; aperture rounded, continuous ; colu-
mella usually distinctly umbilicated. There are about 30 creta-
ceous species, Europe, India and America. Omphalia, Zekeli,
1852 (not Omphalius, Phil.), and Gassiope, Coquand, 1866, are
synonyms.
Usually considered a member of this family, but is remarkably
allied to Melanatria.
tfURRITELLA. 195
Genus MATHILDA, Semper, 1865.
Shell turriculated, rather solid, apex heterostrophe, abruptly
turned from left to right ; whorls in the typical species trans-
versely cingulated and reticulated, longitudinally striated ; aper-
ture entire, subrotund, base sometimes subeffuse ; lip acute,
columella smooth. Operculum corneous, rather solid, multi-
spiral, the external face concave, nucleus central.
Animal with very long thread-like, divergent tentacles, with
rather large e^yes on prominences upon their exterior side, about
a quarter of their length from the base ; foot large, cut out in
front, obtuse behind ; operculigerous lobe having a row of cilia
in constant movement.
Seas of Europe, China, Australia, Strait of Magellan.
There are about thirt^y tertiary and a few secondary species.
" Mathilda," writes Dr. Fischer, " has the shell of Turritella,
with the heterostrophe embryonic whorls of Pyramidella ; the
exterior form of the animal, the position of the eyes, and the
structure of the operculum, relate it to the former." On the
other hand, Monterosato finds in it affinities with Solarium, and
Jeffreys places it in the Pyramidellidre. The radula is. unfortu-
nately unknown.
Subgenus GEQANIA, Jeffreys, 1884.
Shell small, conic, reticulated, imperforate, the nucleus glob-
ular and twisted, not spiral and not sinistral. G. PINGUIS, Jeffr.
Coast of Portugal (abyssal).
Differs from Mathilda in its short spire and non- heterostrophe
apex.
Genus TURRITELLA, Lam., 1799.
Section TURRITELLA (typical).
T. TEREBRA, Linn. PL 59, figs. 32, 33.
Whorls convex, each with about 6 revolving ridges and inter-
mediate close strias, suture deep ; yellowish brown to chestnut-
color. Length, 5-8 inches.
Singapore, Java, Philippines.
T. Archimedis, Dillw} 7 n, is a synonym, and T. spectrum, Reeve
(tig. 33), is at most a variety, developing more numerous ridges.
196 TURRITELLA.
T. BACILLUM, Kiener. PI. 59, figs. 34, 35 ; PI. GO, fig. 42.
Whorls somewhat flattened in the middle, but with deep
suture, with about 6 revolving ridges and fine intermediate
striae ; light yellowish ash to chestnut-color, the ridges on the
larger whorls often marked -by darker lines. Length, 4-5 inches.
Ceylon, China.
This is possibly only a variety of T. terebra, the essential differ-
ence being that its whorls are somewhat flattened in the middle.
T. cerea, Reeve (fig. 35) is a synonym. In the darker colored
specimens, called T. crocea, by Kiener (fig. 42), there is often a
more or less defined lighter colored sutural band.
T. UNGULTNA, Linn. PL 60, fig. 43.
Whorls about fifteen, convex, rather smooth, with about ten
low ridge-like striae, the interstices superficially striulate ; chest-
rut-color, becoming dark chocolate towards the aperture.
Length, 3 inches.
T.fuscata, Lam., is a synonym. West Africa.
T. NIVEA, Gray. PL 60, fig. 44.
Whorls about 20, convex, a little slopingly flattened around
the upper part, encircled by seven to ten low ridges and inter-
mediate striae. Length, 3 '5 inches.
East Coast of Africa.
I have some doubt about the correctness of the locality
assigned for this species, and think it very probable that it will
prove to be a colorless variety of T. ungulina. Jn one of the
specimens before me the spire is chestnut-tinted.
T. COMMUNIS, Risso. PL 60, figs. 45, 46.
Whorls about 15, convex or somewhat flattened, the last some-
times with an obtuse angle below, with spiral slight ridges and
intermediate striae, often several of the ridges stronger ; yellow-
ish brown to rusty chestnut color, often variegated in irregular
longitudinal stripes, interior of aperture usually purplish tinged.
Length, 2 inches.
Europe,
The nomenclature of this species is somewhat involved. It is
TIRRITELLA. 197
T. terebra of Linn. Faun. Suec., but not of the Systema, and
some conchologists prefer this name ; it is more frequent^ known,
however, as T. cornea, Lam., although its identification is not
beyond question. Other synonyms are T. ungulina, Loven, etc.
(not Linn.), T. Linnsei, Deshayes, and T. imbricosoluta, Gregorio,
the latter described as a variety.
T. CAPENSIS, Krauss. PI. 60, fig. 47.
Whorls about 15, rounded, brownish, white-clouded, with
irregular obtuse revolving lines and deep suture, base a little
angulated, aperture light brownish. Length, 28 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.
T. TRIPLICATA, Studer. PI. 60, figs. 48-50.
Whorls 15, with deep suture, spirally striated, three-ribbed,
ribs flattened, the middle one the largest, the upper one smallest,
duplicate, and sometimes obsolete towards the apex ; whitish,
variegated and flamed with chestnut, sometimes all chestnut.
Length, 1-1*5 inches.
Mediterranean Sea; West Africa ;
Canary 7s., Coast of Spain.
Includes T. incrassata, Sowb., T. tricarinata, Brocchi.
Var. TURBONA, Monts. Fig. 50.
Shell larger, bicarinate. Near Civita Vecchia.
T. FASCIALIS, Menke. PI. 59, figs. 36, 37.
Very slender; whorls about 18, convex, four-ridged, suture
deeply impressed ; yellowish, chestnut banded at the suture.
Length, 1 inch.
Japan, China Sea.
Menke described his species without locality; the shell which
Reeve has figured for it is said, on the authority of Cuming, to
have been dredged in " Bay of Montija, Central America (in
coarse sand at the depth of seven fathoms)." That this habitat
is an error can scarcely be doubted ; not only has the locality
failed to yield additional specimens, but Mr. A. Adams has
recognized in the figure a Japanese species of which the unfigured
T. gracillima, Gould, of Japan, likewise, is a synonym. My
type specimens of the latter confirm this. T. bicolor, Ad. and
Reeve (fig. 37), is another synonym.
198 TURR1TELLA.
T. CINGULIFERA, Sowb. PL 59, figs. 38-41.
Slender, with about twelve whorls, contracted beneath the
deep suture, then rounded, with a number of thin, elevated
spiral strise ; whitish to yellowish brown, chestnut banded next
the suture, sometimes with undulating transverse chestnut lines
or a central chestnut band made up of two or three close parallel
lines on the last whorl. Length, '75 inch.
Australia.
The t} r pe is lighter colored than usual ; T. fragilis, Kiener
(fig. 39), better represents the ordinary appearance of the species,
whilst T< fusco-cincta Petit (fig. 40) is a variety with different
development of the ridging, and T. parva, Angas (fig. 41), is a
juvenile.
Section HAUSTATOR, Montfort, 1810.
T. GONIOSTOMA, Yal. PL 60, figs. 51, 52 ; PL 61, figs. 53-57.
Whorls 18 to 20, flattened in the middle, with fine spiral striae, .
and sometimes a few more prominent ridges ; when the latter
are present they usually define the flattened area above and
below, with occasionally some intermediate ridges upon the
area, and a number of stronger ridges on the base of the body-
whorl; ridges sometimes irregularly nodulous; first whorls of
the spire unicarinate in the middle; whitish, thickly marbled,
speckled and irregularly strigate with chestnut or chocolate-
color. Length, 4-6 inches.
Payta, Peru to Mazatlan.
The synonyms include T. Broderipiana, d'Orb. (fig. 53), and
T. Californica, Brod. (teste d'Orb.) ; T. marmorata, Kiener (fig.
54); T. lentiginosa, Reeve (fig. 55) ; T. punctata, Kiener (fig.
56), and T. Banksii, Reeve (fig. 57), a juvenile. This list com-
prises shells nearly smooth, and those with strong revolving
ridges, also both slim and stout specimens, and shows a varia-
bility which, if common to other species of the genus, would
largely reduce their number. The specimens before me fully
suffice to make out the synonymy as I have given it.
T. VARIEGATA, Linn. PL 01, fig. 58 : PL 62, figs. 63, 64.
Whorls 15 or 16, the first few carinated in the middle, the rest
flattened, swollen above the suture, with four or five distant
TURRITELLA. 199
obsoletely granulated ridges, and intermediate fine striae ; whitish,
boldly longitudinally clouded and strigated with chocolate-color.
Length, 2'5-4 inches.
West Indies.
The difference between this and the preceding species is mainly
locality, yet the clouded painting is usually of a bolder pattern.
The T. goniostoma and all its varieties might be united with this
without injury to science.
This is T. lerebra, Donovan; T. marmorata, Chemn., perhaps
T. meta, Reeve (fig. 63), and T. imbricata, Linn., figured by
Reeve as var. elongata (fig. 64).
T. TIGRINA, Kiener. PI. 62, figs. 65, 66.
Whorls 18-20, rather narrow, flatly sloping, swollen below and
obtusely angulated, encircled by eight to ten riblets and inter-
vening close striae, suture deep ; whitish, longitudinally irregu-
larly strigate with dark chestnut or chocolate-color.
Length, 3-4*5 inches.
Panama to Mazatlan.
The more scalariform whorls and more definite obliquely
longitudinal painting distinguish this from the preceding species ;
the upper whorls, also, have no central carina. T. Cumingii,
Reeve (fig. 66), is a synonym.
T. ROSEA, Quoy. PI. 62, figs. 67, 68 ; PI. 61, fig. 59.
Whorls about 15, flat, the last sharply angled around the
base, the angle defined by a rib, above which is another rib ;
encircled by rather close, raised striae, finer on the base; yel-
lowish, marbled with chestnut, the raised striae usually darker
chestnut. Length, 2-2'5 inches. New Zealand.
T. lineolata, Kiener (fig. 68), is described from a light colored
or faded specimen. The coloring of none of the specimens
before me justifies Quoy's specific name. I think that T. Han-
leyana. Reeve (fig. 59), will prove to be a young specimen of
this species.
T. SANGUINEA, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 61).
Whorls 18-20, slopingly convex to an angle above the deep
suture, spirally grooved, witli wider, flat-topped ridges; whitish
variegated on the ridges with transverse oblong chestnut-colored
markings. Length, 2-3 inches. Gulf of California.
200 TURRITELLA.
T. DECLIVIS, Ad. and Reeve. PL 62, fig. 70.
Whorls about 18, flatly slanting to an angle above the suture,
nearly smooth, very finely undulately striated, plicate in the
middle, towards the apex ; yellowish white, stained with livid
brown, the earlier whorls spotted with brown in a row beneath
the suture. Length, 2 inches.
China Sea.
T. SINUATA, Reeve. PI. 61, fig. GO.
Whorls 14, flattened, finely spirally ridged and striated, lip
deeply sinuous ; light fulvous, with a red-dotted white zone
beneath the suture. Length, -65 inch.
Hab. unknown.
T. CINGULATA, Sowb. PI. 62, fig. 71.
Whorls about 17, convexly flattened, spirally strongly three-
ribbed, often with alternate smaller riblets, ribs usually gran-
osely crenulated, suture deep ; whitish, the ribs very dark
chocolate or nearly black, aperture numerously chocolate banded.
T. tricarinata, King, is a synonym. Chili.
T. COLUMNARTS, Kiener. PL 63, fig. 76.
Whorls about 30, narrow, the earlier ones showing two
approximate keels in the middle, the rest rather flattened and
about ten-ridged, the ridges obsoletely granulated, with inter-
mediate fine striae, suture excavated ; yellowish white, with light
chestnut-colored waved longitudinal streaks. Length, 4 inches.
Ceylon.
T. LEUCOSTOMA, Yal. PL 62, fig. 72.
Whorls about 20, very narrow, contracted around the exca-
vated suture, flattened, spirally about 6-ridged, the ridges narrow,
rather distant, granose, the interstices very finely striated ;
whitish, faintly longitudinally clouded with light chestnut, ridges
chestnut-spotted. Length, 3 inches.
West Coast of Central America.
T. COOPERI, Carp. PL 61, fig. 61.
Whorls about 17, slopingly flattened, excavated at the suture,
two-ridged and finely striated spirally, the last whorl doubly
ridged below, with a single ridge above ; yellowish, longitu-
dinally flamed with chestnut or chocolate. Length, T75 inches.
Southern California.
TURRITEI.LA. 201
T. RTJBESCENS, Reeve. PI. 61, fig. 62.
Acuminately turreted ; whorls 13, spirally closely ridged and
striated, the first few whorls keeled in the middle, keel quickly
vanishing; light red. Length, -65 inch.
Bay of Montija, West Columbia.
All the whorls are somewhat prominent in the middle, occupied
by the keel in the first few whorls.
The above is Reeve's description of a young shell which does
not appear to possess any special characteristics ; it will possibly
prove identical with one of the larger species from the same
region.
T. FLAMMULATA, Kiciier. PI. 62, fig. 73.
Whorls 18, the earlier ones two-ridged, the rest convex, seven-
ribbed, the middle ribs broader; fulvous white, stained with rose,
clotted and clouded with chestnut, base rose color.
Length, 2 75 inches.
West Africa.
T. TORULOSA, Kiener. PL 62, fig. 74.
Whorls 15, flatly convex, the earlier ones two-ridged, after-
wards becoming four-ridged, ridges obsoletely granulated, two
lower ones alwa3 T s the most prominent, interstices closely spirally
striate ; light yellowish white dotted and longitudinally flamed
with light chestnut. Length, 3 inches.
? Bed Sea.
Is possibly a mere variety of the following species.
T. TRISULCATA, Lam. PL 63, fig. 75.
Whorls about 18, conspicuously three-ribbed, the intermediate
grooves hollowed, striated ; whitish, violaceous towards the apex,
sparsely longitudinally flamed with chestnut.
Length, 2-5 inches.
Red Sea.
T. RADULA, Kiener. PL 63, fig. 77.
Whorls about 22, doubly ridged above and below, the wide
intermediate space concave, striated, ridges, except the lowest,
rather obsoletely granose, last whorl sometimes lamellated ;
light brownish, spotted, strigated and flamed with chestnut.
Length, 2'75 inches.
Bay of Guayaquil.
202 TURRITELLA.
T. NODULOSA, King. PI. 63, figs. 78-80.
Whorls 14 or 15, nodulously lidged, a central ridge usually
stronger, making an angulation, concave and striate in the mid-
dle ; light yellowish brown, longitudinally chestnut-flamed be-
tween the nodules Length, 2 inches.
Gulf of Dulce, Central America.
Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. T. papillosa,
Kiener (fig. 80), is a synonym.
T. AQUILA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 81.
Whorls 14-15, concavely sloping around the upper part, then
somewhat obscurely broadly two-ribbed, conspicuously engraved
throughout with grooved striae, last whorl neatly ridged and
striated beneath ; swarthy brown, obliquely spotted and
streaked with reddish chestnut. Length, 1-6 inches.
Nagasaki Bay, Japan.
" The painting of this species has rather a dotted appearance
from its being everywhere cut through by the striate grooves."
REEVE.
C. BICINGULATA, Lam. PI. 63, fig. 82.
Whorls about 18, each bearing two strong, rounded, nodulous
ribs, separated by a narrow, concave groove, which is closely
striated, base concentrically ridged ; yellowish or purplish
white, thickly covered witli purple-chestnut longitudinal flames,
aperture maculated purplish. Length, 2'5-3 inches.
Cape Verd Is.
It is T. biangulata, Blsiinv.
T. MACULATA, Reeve. PL 63, fig. 83.
Differs from the preceding species in the keels of the earlier
whorls being comparatively obsolete, the base of the shell more
concave, and marked by numerous colored linear striae, which
are continued over the whole shell. There is none of the bold
blotchy painting which distinguishes T. bicingulata, but the
upper margin of the whorls has a row of irregular chestnut
spots immediately beneath the suture. Length, 2*75 inches.
China Sea.
TURRITELLA. 203
T. KNYSNAENSIS, Krauss. PI. 63, fig. 84.
Whorls 17, convex, with profound suture, with two approxi-
mate central keels (three on last whorl), and narrower spiral
lines ; whitish marbled and longitudinally strigate with chestnut.
Length, 1 inch.
Cape of Good Hope.
T. ANNULATA, Kieiier. PI. 63, fig. 85.
Whorls 20, sloping above, then two-keeled with a narrow
intervening sulcus, closely striate, the stria3 above and below
the keels stronger than in the sulcus; yellowish white,
obscurely longitudinally flamed with light chestnut.
Length, 2'75 inches
West Africa.
T. GUNNII, Reeve. PL 63, figs. 86, 87.
Whorls 18, flattened, irregular^ inconspicuously ridged and
striated, suture excavated ; whitish, with chestnut-colored waved
flames, aperture light purplish. Length, 2 inches.
Tasmania, Australia.
Yar. TASMAXICA, Reeve. Fig. SI.
Whorls 15, rather flattened, ridged at the lower edge, encir-
cled with two ridges and intermediate striae above, interstices
very closely decussated with minute oblique raised striae.
T. INCISA, Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 88.
Whorls 12, flatly convex, concavely angled at the base, spi-
rally very closely marked with engraved striae ; ash-brown.
Length, -75 inch.
Sydney. Australia.
T. INFRACONSTRICTA, Smith. PI. 63, fig. 89.
Whorls about 20, convexly flattened, with excavated suture,
finely lirated and two-ridged ; brownish white, minutely dotted
with chocolate-color on the line. Length, 2 inches.
Andaman Is.
T. HASTULA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 03.
Whorls 22-23, slender, flatly convex, concentrically plicately
w r rinkled, last whorl swollen at the base, with the wrinkles
obsolete, all the whorls spirally impressly striated, the inter-
mediate ridges being obsoletely granulated ; ash-white, arcuately
streaked and variegated with purple-brown. Length, 2*25 inches.
Hab. unknown.
204 TURRITELLA.
T. VITTULATA, Adams and Reeve. PL 63, figs. 00, 91.
Whorls 12, flatly convex, with deep suture, spirally sharply
six-ridged and striated, the interstices showing oblique longitu-
dinal striae, ridges thin, the two lower ones more prominent;
yellowish white to light brown, irregularly interruptedly stained
with chestnut. Length, '75 inch.
China Sea.
T. canaliculata, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 91), is a bleached speci-
men of this species.
T. MULTILIRATA, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 91.
Shell delicate, translucent, whorls contracted round the upper
part, gently slanting below, channeled round the lower part, spi-
rally many-ridged, ridges very finely granulated ; pellucid, white.
Length, 1 inch.
China Sea.
Although described as white, the original figure is decidedly
colored a light violaceous brown.
T. FASTIGIATA, Ad. and Reeve. PL 63, fig. 92.
Whorls 18-20, narrow, convex, contracted above, slanting, then
rounded, very finely ridged and striated, two-keeled towards the
apex ; variegated with pale violet and white, and oblique brown-
ish streaks, ridges dotted or articulated with light brown.
Length, 1'75 inches.
China Sea.
T. CONGELATA, Ad. and Reeve. PL>64, fig. 94.
Whorls 16, convexly flattened, smooth, obscurely three-ridged,
ridges narrow, distant ; translucent white. Length, *75 inch.
China Sea.
T. PAGODA, Reeve. PL 64, fig. 95.
Whorls 14-15, slantingly flattened, spirally sharply ridged,
conspicuously encircled with a single sharp rib below, paired on
the body-whorl, first few whorls two-ribbed; whitish, obscurely
flamed with light fulvous. Length, - 8 inch. New Zealand.
T. CANDIDA, Reeve. PL 64, fig. 96.
Whorls 18, spirally ridged, at first two-keeled around the upper
part, concave in the middle, then with a single keel, two last-
whorls four-keeled, suture excavated ; white, without markings.
Length, 2 inches. Hab. unknown.
TURRITELLA, 205
T. DECIPIENS, Monts. PI. G4, fig. 3.
Whorls about 10, convexly flattened, the suture slightly
marked, with crowded revolving lines, the earlier whorls carinate
in the middle, afterwards becoming indistinct, the middle line a
little more prominent than the others, base concave, defined by
a sharp angle ; light yellowish brown to chestnut-brown, with
fine flexuous chestnut stripes and spots. Length, 1 inch.
Gabes, Tunis.
It is T, subangulata, Auct., not Brocchi.
T. ALBA, H. Adams. PI. 64, fig. 4.
Turreted, thin, white; whorls 12, carinated in the middle, the
last whorl bicarinate, with a broad intervening flattened space,
a little concave, everywhere spirally striate. Length, 14 mill.
Bed Sea.
Apparent!}' a young shell.
Section TORCULA, Gray, 1847.
T. EXOLETA, Linn. PL 64, figs. 98-1.
Whorls 16 or It, rudely ridged above and below, the broad
intermediate space concavely excavated, and sometimes crossed
by thin lamellae, lower rib of body-whorl double ; margin of the
aperture sinuated in the middle ; yellowish white, obscurely
longitudinally flamed with light chestnut, more conspicuous on
the ridges. Length, 2-2*5 inches.
West Indies.
The longitudinal septae are frequently wanting. It is T. tor-
cularis, Born, and T. obsoleta, Gmel. I regard T. cochlea, Reeve
(fig. 100), as a specimen accidentally less closely coiled than
usual, so that the paired lower ribs are exhibited on several of the
whorls. T. excavata, Sowb. (fig. 1), said to come from Agulhas
Bank, So. Africa, is also a synonym.
T. MONILTFERA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 5.
Whorls 15, stout, with upper and lower moderate ridges and
a slightty concave wide middle space, lower carina doubled in
the body-whorl; pinkish white, upper ridge with chestnut spots.
Length, 1-25 inches. e
China Sea.
206
T. CLATHRATA, Kiener. PI. 64, figs. 2, 16.
Whorls 18, narrow, flattened, smooth, strongly two-keeled,
with intermediate sulcus, and sloping concave surface to the
suture above ; fulvous, obscurely marked with spots or stripes of
chestnut, keels paler. Length T75 inches.
Australia.
With this species I unite T. constricta, Reeve (fig. 16).
T. CONCAVA, Martens. PI. 64, fig. 6.
Whorls about 10, alabaster white, obliquely striulate, the first
two whorls smooth, the rest bicarinate, the carinae indistinct, the
lower one at the suture, base concave, margin of aperture deeply
sinuated. Length, 16 mill.
Mauritius.
T. CARINIFERA, Lam. PL 64, fig. 7.
Whorls 15, stout, turreted, slanting on the upper part, then
encircled by two stout carinre, with an intermediate shallow
sulcus, everywhere finely, undulately, spirally striate ; white,
sometimes with a violaceous tint. Length, 3'75 inches.
? Cape of Good Hope.
T. GEMMATA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 8.
Whorls about 15, with two granulated approximate ridges
next the suture, and a single plain ridge at the base, concave in
the middle; white, faintly stained here and there with light
orange brown. Length,! '5 inches.
Hab. unknown.
T. HOOKERI, Reeve. PL 64, fig. 9.
Whorls 15, rather thin, with two sharp, remote keels and
slightly concave interval, lower keel doubled on the body whorl ;
translucent white. Length, 22 mill.
Hab. unknown.
T. ACUTA, Tenison-Woods. PL 64, fig. 10.
Whorls 12, narrow, flat, the earlier ones smooth, then encircled
by a couple of slight ridges, and smaller elevated lines, the sur-
face between the ridges slightly concave ; yellowish white,
obscurely marked with chestnut. Length, 28 mill.
Tasmania.
Figured from a specimen.
TURRtTELLA. 207
Section ZARIA, Gray, 1847.
T. DUPLICATA, Linn. PL 65, figs. 20-22.
Whorls about 16, stout, ponderous, the first few with several
subequal keels, afterwards first one keel and then a pair of them
are developed more strongly, whilst the others become faint or
obsolete, everywhere closely spirally striate ; fulvous cream color,
becoming light chestnut towards the apex. Length, 5-6 inches.
Indian Ocean.
T.replicata and T. acutangula, Linn. (fig. 21), are synonyms.
In the latter the second prominent keel is not developed.
Var. ATTENUATA, Reeve. Fig. 22.
Reeve attempts to distinguish this from T. acutangula by the
want of the single prominent keel, but the variations between
these forms are infinite, so that attenuata can barely stand as a
variety. T. acutangula, Desh., not Linn., is a variety.
T. FERRUGINEA, Reeve. PI. 64, fig. 11.
Whorls 16, convex, finely spirally ridged, first whorls two-
keeled, keels gradually fading, the lower whorls becoming
obtusely subangulated below the middle; whitish, longitudinally
undulately strigate with chestnut. Length, 3*75 inches.
Hab. unknown.
T. AUSTRALIS, Lam. PL 65, fig. 23.
Whorls about 12, with deep suture, encircled by a prominent
central nodulous carina, and a less prominent subnodulous one
below the suture, spirally striate ; yellowish brown, brown banded
on the base. Length, 1 inch. Australia, Tasmania.
T. granulifera, Woods, is a synonym.
Section TuRRiTELLorsis, Sars, 1878.
T. ACICULA, Stimpson. PL 64, fig. 12.
Small, turreted, subulate, thin, white ; whorls 10, verj 7 convex,
longitudinally striate and spirally ribbed; aperture rounded,
effuse anteriorly, peristome acute. Length, 5 mill.
Cape Cod, northwards ; Norway to Sitka.
Distinguished from the young of T. erosa by its much more
convex whorls and prominent ribs. T. tenuisculpta , Carp., is a
synonym.
208 TuRRIfELLA.
T. EROSA, Couth. PL 64, figs. 13, 14.
Whorls 9-11, rather flat, sloping towards the suture, with from
three to live narrow revolving grooves, apex generally eroded;
yellowish brown. Length, 12'5 mill.
Massachusetts to Greenland, Alaska.
T. polaris, Beck, and T. Eschrichtii, Midd. (fig. 14), are syn-
on3 r ms. In the Arctic regions the species attains double the
above dimensions.
T. RETICULATA, Mighels and Adams. PL 64, figs. 15, 19; PL
65, figs. 24-26.
More slender than the preceding form ; whorls 11-12, rounded,
with three to five spiral striae, and longitudinal folds ; yellowish
brown. Length, 17 mill.
Maine to Greenland, Alaska.
T. costulata, Mighels and Adams (fig. 24), M. lactea, Mdller
(fig. 25), T. lacteola, Carp., and T. erosa, var. costata, Aurivil-
lius-(fig. 26), are synonyms. The latter author appears to con-
sider the present species identical with T. erosa: as Arctic
shells are very variable, this may be the case ; yet I can readily
distinguish the two species among the numerous specimens
before me.
Yar. DECLIVIS, Aurivillius. Fig. 19.
Shell without sculpture, Length, 27'5 mill.
Unfigured, Undetermined and Spurious Species.
T. RUNCINATA, T. ACCISA, T. CARLOTT^E, T. CORDISMEI, T. LAMEL-
LOSA, Watson. S. E. Australia.
T. ADMIRABILIS, Watson. Admiralty Islands.
T. DELICIOSA, Watson. N. Australia.
T. AUSTRINA, Watson. Kerguelen Isl.
T. PHILIPPENSIS, Watson. Pt. Philip, Australia.
T. AREOLATA, Stimpson. =Turbonilla.
T. PUSILLA, Jeffreys. Not a Turritella.
T. YUCATANUM, Dall. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.
T. FULMINATA, T. viTTATA, Button. New Zealand.
T. SOPHI^E, Brazier ( T. incisa, Woods, not Reeve).
Pt. Jackson, Australia.
T. AURBOCINCTA, Martens. Friendly Islands.
TURRITELLA. 209
T. SUBSQUAMOSA, D linker. Bass Strait, Australia.
T. DURA, Morch. Realejo, Centr. Am.
T. GRANOSA, Quoy. Not a Turritella.
T. CERITHIUM, Quoy. = Cerithium.
T. YIRQINIANA, Lam. (?) Virginia.
T. TRICINGULATA, Anton., T. NIVEA, Anton. No locality.
T. SPINA, Crosse and Fischer. Australia.
T. TUNCTICULATA, Sowb. Agulhas Bank, So. Africa.
T. IMPRESSA, Say, T. BISUTURALIS, Say. =0dostomia.
T. NEBULOSA, Kiener. Not a Turritella.
T. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.
T. CONCAVA, Say, T. ALTERNATA, Say. =Terebra.
T. ^QUALIS, Say. =Turbonilla.
T. TRICINCTA, Hutton. Described as a tertiary fossil, but is also
living. T. symmetrica, Hutton and T. rosea, Mantell (not
Quoy), are synonyms. N. Zealand.
Subgenus MESALTA, Gray, 1842.
T. BREVIALIS, Lam. PL 65, figs. 2T-29.
Whorls 15, convex, five-ridged, the upper one often forming a
sutural margin, lower ones frequently faint, interstices finely
closely striated ; aperture a little effuse below ; white, ash-color
or brownish olivaceous, aperture often violaceous.
Length, 2-2 - 5 inches.
Northern and Western Africa.
The synonymy includes T. mesal, Deshayes ; T. sulcata, Gray ;
T. suturalis, Forbes.
T. VARIA, Kiener. PL 65, figs. 30, 31.
Whorls 12, convex, about five-ridged ; yellowish white to violet
ash-color, interior brownish. Length, 1 inch.
West Africa, Cuba.
T. Garibaea, d'Orb. (fig. 31), from the latter locality, appears
to be identical ; it remains to ascertain whether this species is
really distinct, or only a small variety of T. brevialis.
T. MELANOIDES, Reeve. PL 65, fig. 32.
Whorls 10, slightly concave at the upper part, obliquely longi-
tudinally plicately ribbed, decussated with numerous spiral striae
14
210 MATHILDA.
and distant ridges, suture impressed ; whitish, sparsely dotted
with chestnut. Length, 1-65 inches.
Hob. unknown.
T. OPALINA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 65, fig. 33.
Whorls 12, rounded, stout, a little constricted above to a
sutural fasciole, smooth, very minutely striate ; yellowish white,
with light chestnut curved longitudinal stripes. Length, 1 inch.
China Sea.
Unfigured Species of Mesalia.
T. PLICATA, A. Ad. Teneriffe.
T. DECUSSATA, A. Ad. Philippines.
T. FREYTAGI, Maltzan. W. Africa.
Genus PROTOMA, Baird, 1870.
P. KNOCKERI, Baird. PI. 65, figs. 34, 35.
Elongate subulate, transversely, narrowly closely sulcate ;
whorls 16, flattened, with well-impressed suture, base of shell
with a spiral fasciole ending in a deep incision of the base of the
aperture; white or brown. Length, 2*5 inches.
Whydah, W. Coast of Africa.
Genus MATHILDA, Semper, 1865.
M. ELEGANTISSIMA, Costa. PL 65, fig. 36 ; PI. 64, figs. 17,18.
Whorls 9, turreted, with rounded spiral ribs more or less
granulated by longitudinal lines, suture narrowly channeled ;
brownish. Diam. 11 mill.
Mediterranean.
M. cochlseformis (fig. 36), M. granolirata (fig. 17), and M.
retusa (fig. 18), Costa, and M.funicalata, Tiberi, are synonyms.
M. ELEGANTULA, Angas. PI. 65, fig. 37.
Whorls 14, thin, translucent, nearly flat, whitish, each with
three rounded spiral ribs, the one next the suture smallest,
between the ribs finely longitudinally striate, striae raised and
very thin, base of last whorl smooth and flattened ; nuclear whorl
sinistral. Length, 11 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
MATHILDA. 211
M. QUADRiciNCTA, Brocchi. PL 65, fig. 38.
Whorls carinated, turreted, convex, encircled by four narrow
crenulated spiral ridges, the interstices longitudinally striate.
Mediterranean.
Described from an Italian tertiary fossil. Eglisia Macandrese,
H. Adams, is a synonym.
M. SINENSIS, Fischer. PL 65, fig. 19.
Whorls 11, elongated turreted, rather thick, embryonal ones
smooth, the others turriculate, subcarinate, cancellate, with deep
suture, traversed by four spiral ribs, the interstices longitudi-
nally costate ; yellowish. Length, 6 mill.
Isle of Chusan, China Sea.
Unfigured Species.
M. TROCHLEA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I.
M. MAGELLANICA, Fischer. Sts. Magellan.
M. CORONATA, Monts. Mediterranean.
Subgenus GEGANIA, Jeffreys, 1884.
M. PINGUIS, Jeffreys. Unfigured. Coast of Portugal.
FAMILY CMGID&.
Shell tubular, with a spiral plane nucleus which is caducous
or persistent, then becoming cylindrical, curved, terminating in
a simple, circular aperture, the posterior portion of the tube
usually divided by one or more septa (PL 66, figs. 47-51).
Operculum horny, multispiral, margin sometimes firabriated.
There are usually three stages of growth in the shell of Cyecum :
first, the spiral or nuclear, soon lost by truncation, the end of
the remaining tube closed by a septum ; second, the adolescent
stage, a curved tube, also lost subsequently ; and, third, the
adult tube, of similar curved shape, and again closed behind by
a septum (PL 66, fig. '39). In Strebloceras the three stages of
growth are persistent and the septa consequently absent.
Animal with a long flat rostrum ; tentacles cylindrical, with
sessile eyes at their outer base ; mantle thick, fleshy, circular,
closely embracing the neck ; a single branchial plume ; foot
short, narrow, truncated in front, attenuated and obtuse behind.
Dentition 2-1-2 ?
These minute mollusks have some points of resemblance with
the Vermetidae, but are alwa} r s free and the foot is without the
anterior tentacular projections which distinguish that family.
The animal is not at all shy, and crawls with considerable vivacity.
The Caecidae, on account of their minuteness, have been neg-
lected by collectors and students. No complete illustrated
monograph of the family exists. P. P. Carpenter was the first
naturalist to study them, and we are indebted to him for some
of the subdivisions of the family at present recognized, as well
as for others which must be relegated to the synonymy. Unfor-
tunately the obvious distinctions of sculpture, often so charac-
teristic of species and higher groups, have not the s} r stematic
importance here which Carpenter supposed them to have ; the
Marquis de Folin, the latest monographer of the group, having
shown that the same species will sometimes vary from a smooth
to a ribbed surface. For this reason, and also because most of
the species have not been figured, our knowledge of them
(212)
213
remains very incomplete and unsatisfactory. About two hun-
dred nominal species have been described, and they appear to
inhabit temperate and warm seas, throughout the world, but are
absent in cold waters. Some tertiary species have been
discovered.
Two of the principal works in which the Marquis de Folin
has described new species, namely, u Les Fonds de la Mer," and
"Annales Soc. Linn. Maine et Loire," xi, are unfortunately inac-
cessible to me. The former publication is particularly import-
ant for its illustrations. The Librarian of the Philadelphia
Academy has made several unsuccessful attempts to secure this
work through the Academy's agents in Europe, and I am reluc-
tantly compelled to do without it ; my monograph is therefore
necessarily very imperfect. On the other hand, I am able to
give illustrations of a number of species of Carpenter and C. B.
Adams hitherto unfigured.
Genus CAECUM, Fleming, 1817.
This is the only genus; the diagnosis consequently corres-
ponds with that of the family. Odontina, Zborzewsky, 1834;
Odcmtidium, Phil., 1836; Cornuoides, Brown, 1827; Brochus,
Brown, 1829; Cdecalium, Macgillivray ; Corniculina, Minister ;
Dentaliopsis, Clarke; Brochina, Gray, 1857, are synonyms.
Costa has described the spiral portion only of the tube of a
Caecum, probably Caecum trachea, under the name of Spiro-
lidium Mediterraneum ; but he included a second species in his
genus, which appears to be a Parastrophia.
The septum of the various species has a prominence upon the
external face, which is directed backwards and presents consid-
erable variation in form.
Subgenus C^CUM, sensu stricto.
Shell commencing with two or three whorls, planorboid (PL
66, figs. 41, 42), which are subsequently lost by truncation, and
the posterior extremity of the adult curved tube closed by a
diaphragm.
Brochina, Gray, was founded on a single specimen, insuffi-
ciently characterized by its convex opercnlum.
214
Carpenter established the sections Elephanlulum, Anellum
and Fartulum, but De Folin rejects these, because they are not
in harmony with all the forms included in them and are insuffi-
cient to meet the present demands of science ; he proposes
instead :
Section I. LEVIA. Shells smooth.
Section II. ANNULATA. Shells annulated.
Section III. COSTULATA. Shells ribbed longitudinally.
Section IV. QUADRILATA. Shells cancellated.
Section Y. ARMATA. Shells spinose.
Subgenus MEIOCERAS, Carpenter, 1858.
Young shell loosely spiral, not in one plane (PI. 66, fig. 43);
the adult truncate behind, something like a cow's-horn, some-
what inflated, smooth, aperture oblique ; operculum externally
concave,
Most of the species occur on the east coast of America between
Florida and Rio de la Plata.
Subgenus STREBLOCERAS, Carpenter, 1858.
Shell not decollated and without septa, the permanent spiral
nucleus lying in a plane obliquely perpendicular to the adult
tube (PI. 66, figs. 44, 45). Mostly fossil.
Subgenus WATSONIA, de Folin, 1879.
Nucleus caducous, tube scarcely curved, conical, aperture
round, very oblique, encircled by a strong rib.
Subgenus PARASTROPHIA, de Folin. 1869.
Shell tubular, with a scarcely spiral and entirely posterior
pointed nucleus, the embryonic shell only having disappeared,
anterior part of tube inflated (PI. 66, f. 46).
Moreletia, de Folin, 1868 (not Gray, 1855), and Spirolidium
Costa (in part), are synonyms.
The feature of this group is the persistence of the second or
adolescent stage of growth, in the adult typical Caecum always
lost by truncation. The posterior end is septate, but pointed.
O&CUM. 215
Genus CAECUM, Fleming, 1817.
Section I. Levia.
C. L^VE, C. B. Ad. PL 66, fig. 52.
Shell rather obese, short, smooth, shining, subdiaphanous,
tinged with brown, slightly contracted in front, the aperture
oblique ; operculum concave. Length, '07 inch.
Panama to Mazatlan.
Folin has described vars. subornatum and cylindrica. The
figure is from a specimen identified by P. P. Carpenter.
C. FARCTMEN, Cpr. PI. 66, fig. 53.
Like C. Ixve, but whitish, aperture less contracted, more slen-
der, septum submucronate ; operculum with a spiral marginal
rib. Length, *064 inch. Mazatlan.
C. VITREUM, Cpr. PL 66, fig. 54.
Subelongate, vitreous, shining, a little tumid towards the
oblique aperture, septum prominent, mucronate.
Length, -073--107 inch. Teneriffe ; Mediterranean Sea.
G. Sardinianum,o\in, and (7.<5^a&ri/7n,McAndrew,aresynonyms.
Var. CLARKTI, Carp. PL 66, fig. 55.
Shell smaller, straighter, septum ungulate, apex more obtuse.
Teneriffe.
C. DEXTROVERSUM, Carp. PL 66, fig. 56.
Narrow, rather elongated, thin, septum tumid, submamillated,
operculum concave. Length, *092 inch. Mazatlan.
The specimen figured is a junior.
Yar. ANTILLARUM, Carp.
A single young specimen was found in W. Indian sponge, not
presenting any characters by which it can be separated from C.
dextroversum. Why should it be designated by a varietal name ?
C. GLABRUM, Mont. PL 66, fig. 57.
Shell narrow, thin, smooth, subdiaphanous, aperture not con-
tracted, nor tumid, white, septum without appendage.
Length, -68 inch. Atlantic Coast of Europe.
The operculum is externally convex, constituting it the type
of Gray's group Brochina. The synonyms include Dentalium
minutum, Linn. ; Brochus laevis, Brown ; Cornuoides minor,
Brown (juvenile); Odontidium levissimum, Cantr. ; Brochus
arcuatus, Brown ; Vermiculum incur vatum, Mont.
216 CAECUM.
C. AURICULATUM, cle Folin. PL 66, fig. 58.
Shell thin, hyaline, cylindrical, a little curved, white, septum
with rounded projection, mouth encircled by a rib.
Length, '075 inch. Mediterranean Sea.
This is C. drier eghinianum, Brusina, and perhaps Odontidium
glabrum, Cantr.
C. GLABRIFORMTS, Carp.
Like C. glabrum, but the septum more tumidly mamillate,
nearly hemispherical. Length, '073 inch.
Mazatlan ; San Diego, Gal.
The shell is said not to differ from C. glabrum.
C. ACHIRONA, de Folin. PI. 66, fig. 59.
Rather solid, yellowish, shining, transversely very minutely
striated, towards the aperture a little inflated and whitish, aper-
ture a little oblique, subcontracted below, septum large, mamil-
lated, subungulate. Operculum slightly convex, doubly margined.
Length, *1 inch. Bahia, Brazil.
C. SOMERI, de Folin. PI. 66, fig. 60.
Elongated, conical, smooth, whitish, almost opaque, aperture
not contracted nor oblique, septum projecting, mamillate at the
apex. Length, *095 inch.
Pernambuco, Brazil.
Unfigured Species, and those of which the Figures are
inaccessible to me.
C. CORNEUM, Dkr. Brazil.
C. ORCUTTI, Dall. San Diego, California.
C. DECURTATA, Monts. Sicily.
C. PARVULUM, C. MTNUTUM, C. IMPERFECTUM. C. VALIDUM, C. COM-
PLANATUM, C. MASSILTENSE, C. MODESTUM, C. CARMENENSE
(I. Carmen), C. CUCCINA (Vera Cruz), C. ORIENTALS (7.
Rhodes), C. VERACRUZ ANUM (Mexico), C. STRIGOSUM (Rio.
Janeiro), C. BIMAMILLATUM (La Guayra), C.CIRCUMVOLUTUM
(Aspinwall), C. SUBFLAVUM (Cape York, Australia), C. suc-
CINEUM (Cape York, Australia), all of de Folin.
C.coRRUGATULUM,C.REVERSUM,and C. TERES, Carpenter. Mazatlan.
C. SUBQUADRATUM, Carp. Port Elizabeth.
C. BIMARGINATUM, Carp. Singapore.
C. ARMORICUM, Folin. Gulf of Gascony.
C. INCOMPTA, Monterosato ( C. glabrum, Brusina). Mediterranean.
OECUM. 217
Section II. Annulata.
C. SUBIMPRESSUM, Carp. PI. 66, fig. 61.
Rather solid, the annulations rounded, with subimpressed
interstices, septum mucronate, mucro small, obtuse, dorsal;
operculum concave. Length, '115 inches.
Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas, L. C.
C. FLORIDANUM, Stimpson. PI. 66, fig. 62.
Arcuate, solid, white, shining, with about 32 acute, elevated
annulations and much wider interstices, aperture a little oblique,
not contracted, septum obtusely mucronate, mucro dorsal.
Florida.
C. PULCHELLUM, Stimpson. PI. 66, fig. 63.
Somewhat solid, light brownish, adolescent stage graceful,
with distant few annulations, adult with about 25 rounded annu-
lations and more or less equal interstices, septum mamillate ;
operculum concave, with about 8 whorls. Length, '1 inch.
New Bedford, Mass.
C. FIRMATUM, C. B. Ad. PI. 67, fig. 66.
Stout, young shell smooth, adult with 23-33 annulations, the
earlier ones more acute, then becoming subquadrate, interstices
also subquadrate, narrow, septum subangulate, the projection
short. Length, ! inch.
Panama, Mazatlan, Todas Santos Bay, L. C.
With this are to be united, according to Carpenter, G. ebur-
neum, C. diminutum (jun.), C. pygmseum and C. monstrosum
(both adolescent), of C. B. Adams.
C. QUADRATUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 67.
Short, solid, with 12-20 quadrate annulations, and deep quad-
rate interstices, aperture subcontracted, septum mucronate, the
mucro small, narrow, subdextral. Length, -072 inch. Mazatlan.
Var. COMPACTUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 68.
Annulations large, planate, interstices small or evanescent.
C. ELEGANTISSIMUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 69.
Diaphanous, vitreous, shining, white, aperture slightly .con-
tracted and oblique, young shell smooth, adolescent and adult
with 14 to 18 distant acute lirae, the interstices very elegantly
arcuate ; septum submucronate and subungulate, the small apex
obtuse. Length, 1 inch. Teneriffe.
218 (LECUM.
Var. SEARLES-WOODII, Carp.
Rings closer (about 24 in the young shell), scarcely sharp and
often obsolete, growth scarcely tapering, very slender, septum
ungulate, turned somewhat to the right.
C. UNDATUM, Carp. PI. 67, fig. 70.
Short, obese, young shell smooth, adult with 10-15 acute
annulations and undulating concave interstices, contracted at
each extremity, septum ungulate, with prominent, acute, elon-
gate apex; operculum concave, with about 15 whorls. *
Panama to Mazatlan.
The adolescent stage is 'C. paruum, C. B. Ad. Folin has
described Yars. contraria and cornea.
C. RYSSOTITUM, Folin. PI. 66, fig. 64.
White, very shining, transversely obsoletely annulated, be-
coming more distinct on the concave side near the aperture,
aperture oblique, much contracted above, septum submamillate,
submucronate. Operculum ? Length, *09 inch.
Went Indies, Venezuela, Brazil.
C. PARADOXUM, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 78.
Shell arcuate, subtranslucent, yellowish white, grayish or
corneous, smooth, with three prominent distant rounded annu-
lations near the apex, and wider interspaces, septum large, with
bead-like projection. Length, -066 inch.
Pearl Islands, Panama.
C. SUBANNULATUM. de Folin. PL 67, fig. 72.
Hyaline, slightly arcuated, very finely numerously annulated,
the septum convex, hardly projecting, aperture encircled b} T a
prominent rib. Length, '066 inch.
Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas.
C. CREBRICINCTUM, Carp. PL 67, fig. 71.
Rather large, solid, reddish brown, with darker longitudinal
rays, often obsolete, with about 80 close, rounded, low annula-
tions, without interstices ; septum subungulate, submucronate.
Length, -14 inch.
Monterey, San Diego and Sf.a. Barbara, Cal.
219
C. CALIFORNICUM, Dall. PL 66, fig. 65.
Small, rather narrow, whitish or brownish, with 34-38, close
acute annulations, and subconcave interstices, septum subungu-
late, apex obtuse, not elevated. Length, '09 inch.
San Diego and Catalina Isl, California.
This is C. Cooperi of Carpenter, not Sanderson Smith.
C. TRACHEA, Montagu. PL 67, fig. 77.
Solid, brownish corneous, young shell smooth, adult with
40-50 close annulations, the interstices small, very minutely
longitudinally striulate, septum subangulate, submucronate,
apex somewhat to the right, obtuse, more or less elevated ;
operculum scarcely concave, with spiral elevated lines and about
15 whorls. Length, *128 inch. England to Mediterranean Sea.
It is Dentalium imperforatam, Mont.; Greseis rugulosa, Can-
traine ; Brochus trachiformis, and striatus, Brown ; Gornuoides
major, Brown; Odontidium rugulosum, Phil, (in part); C.obsole-
tum, Carp, (unfigured), is described as a variety.
C. MAGNUM, Stearns. PL 67, fig. 83.
Very finely, closely annularly striate, septum with sharp narrow
ungulate apex, yellowish brown. Length, *2 inch.
San Diego, Gal.
On the label of this specimen it is said to = G. glabriformis,
Carp. The latter is described as a much smaller species, one-
third the length of the present, smooth, with hemispherical
mucro.
Undetermined Species,
including those of which the figures are inaccessible to me.
C. ELONGATUM, C. CLATHRATUM, Carpenter. Mazatlan.
C. GRACILE, Carp. Japan.
C. REGULARE, Carp. West Indies, Singapore.
C. GURGULIO, Carp. West Indies.
C. GRACILE, Gould (name used by Carpenter). China Sea.
C. MICROCYCLOS and C. ATTENUATUM (Cape York, Australia)',
C. TORQUATUM and C. LTNEICINCTUM ( West Indies)-, C. ELEGANS
and Vars. RUBELLA and FLEXUOSA, C. SUPERBUM, C. OCCULTUM,
C. STRANGULATUM and Var. ACUTA, C. VENUSTUM, C. ERUCA-
TUM, C. T^lNIATUM, C. AGONIATUM, C. BIPARTITUM, C. IMPAR-
TITUM and Var. BICOLOR, C. SEMICINCTUM and Var. SUBACUTA,
and C. EXILE (Tongatabou), all of de Folin.
220 CAECUM.
Section III. Costulata.
C. CLAVA, de Folin. PL 67, fig. 86.
Shining, with subacutely rounded longitudinal costulations,
becoming stronger towards the aperture, and evanescent annular
striae, inflated towards the aperture, aperture contracted, nar-
rowly margined, septum mucronate, prominent, apex obtuse.
Length, '08 inch.
Guadeloupe , W. I.
C. BREVE, de Folin. PL 67, fig. 88.
Very short, cylindrical, slightly bent, subpellucid, white, with
fine longitudinal line, and equal interspaces and a few annular
striae towards the aperture, aperture encircled 03^ a tumid rib,
not contracted ; septum mamillate, subungulate, with dextral
apex. Length, *05 inch.
Jamaica.
Undetermined Species.
C. SUBSPIRALE, ABNORMALE, TNSCULPTUM, OBTUSUM, Carpenter.
Mazatlan.
C. PLICATUM, Carpenter, W. Indies.
C. POLLTCARE, Carpenter. Teneriffe.
C. LAQUEATUM, C. B. Ad. Panama.
C. SEMITRACHEA, Brusina. Mediterranean.
C. CRYSTALLINUM (Honolulu), C. STRIATUM, C. MIRABfLE, Folin.
Section IV. Quadrilata.
C. ANNULATUM, Brown. PL 67, fig. 76.
Elongated, solid, with 20-30 rounded annulations, larger and
more distant towards the mouth, and rather close longitudinal
lirse, septum with a dextral finger-like mucro. Young shell with
more acute annulations, the longitudinal sculpture obsolete.
Length, '122 inch.
Europe, West Indies, Aden.
The more characteristic name of reticulatum was given to the
adolescent form by Brown. It is Orthocera trachea of Fleming.
C. INSTGNE, Folin. PL 67, fig. 87.
Elongated, subdiaphanous, shining, brownish, with wide flatly
rounded annulations and narrow interstices, longitudinally striate
OXCUM. 221
over the ann illations ; aperture oblique, margined by a rib;
septum mucronate, mucro dextral, sharp pointed.
Length, '125 inch.
Jamaica.
C. CORONATUM, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 80.
Yellowish gray, with wide, flatly rounded ann illations and
minute interstices, decussated by prominent, distant rounded
longitudinal costae, with rather wide interstices, aperture bordered
by a tubercular rib; septum mucronate, mucro dextral, sharp
pointed. Length, '08 inch.
Jamaica.
C. IRREGULARE, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 82.
Yellowish or grayish, with wide flattened annulations, becom-
ing higher and more convex towards the aperture, interstices
narrow, and longitudinally striate ; septum mucronate, the mucro
dextral, finger-like. Length, -16 inch.
Bahia, Brazil.
C. PHRONIUM, Folin. PI. 67, fig. 79.
Shell well-curved, with numerous rounded annulations, and
narrow interstices, decussated by longitudinal distant narrow
sulci; mucro spinose. Length, -13 inch.
Haiti.
C. COOPERT, Smith. PI. 67, figs. 84, 85.
Shell with about 24, somewhat rounded longitudinal ribs,
crossed by numerous annulations, which are less marked towards
the middle, white ; septum mucronate, with the apex inclining to
the left, when looking at the back of the shell ; operculum con-
cave. Length, -13 inch.
New England, Long Island Sound.
Because of C. CoopeH, Carpenter, Dr. Cooper changed the
name of this species to C. Smithii and Prof. Verrill to C. costa-
tum, but as Smith's species was published before Carpenter's,
both these names fall into the synonymy. It is a pity that such
a little shell should be burthcned with such a large synonymy
and for which there is no excuse. The desire to rush into print
is so overmastering that no one is deterred by such a slight
obstacle as being unable to refer to the literature of his subject.
The figure given by Yen-ill represents the adolescent stage of
sculpture, with less numerous ribs (fig. 85).
222
Undetermined Species.
C. LTRATOCINCTUM and C. HEPTAGONUM, Carp. Mazatlan.
Of the latter species Folin lias described vars. hexagonum and
octogonum.
C. IMBRICATUM, Carp. West Indies.
C. INFIMUM (Aspinwall), C. MIRIFICUM, C. UNCINATUM, Folin.
Section V. Armata.
C. SPINOSUM, Folin. (Description and figure inaccessible to me).
Undetermined Species of Caecum.
I am unable to refer the following species to their appropriate
sections :
C. TRIORNATUM, C. ABBREVIATUM, C. 1NSTRUCTUM, C. CONTRACTUM,
C. VESTITUM, of de Folin.
C. FASCIATUM, and var. INTAMINATA, de Folin. Mediterranean.
C. SYRIACUM, de Folin. Tripoli, in Syria.
C. VITREUM, and var. SUBORNATA, C. INCLINATUM, C. MARGINATUM,
de Folin. Cape Verde Is.
C. VICINUM, C. CRASSUM, C. SENEGAMBiANUM, Folin. W. Africa.
C. FORMULOSUM, and vars. DECUSSATUM, MARMORATUM and SUL-
CATUM, de Folin. Bahamas.
C. SEPIMENTUM, de Folin. Sandwich Is.
C. SEPIMENTUM, var. ARCUATUM, de Folin. Tahiti.
C. INFLATUM, C. VARIEGATUM, and var. MINIMA, de Folin.
Hong Kong.
C. CHINENSE, de Folin. China, Australia.
Subgenus MEIOCERAS, Carpenter, 1858.
C. NITIDUM, Stimpson. PI. 67, fig. 73.
Shell smooth, shining, whitish or light brown, inflated in the
middle, contracted towards the aperture, aperture oblique, sep-
tum submucronate, the mucro convexly rounded ; operculum
concave, 5-whorled. Length, -088 mill.
Florida, West Indies.
Carpenter describes a species under the name of nitidum,
Bean MS., which appears to be identical.
CAECUM. 223
C. CORNUCOPIA, Carpenter. PI. 67, fig. 75.
Like the preceding, but smaller and less inflated, being sub-
cylindrical ; mucro very acute. Length, '064--09 inch.
West Indies, in sponge of commerce.
C. CORNUBOVIS, Carpenter. PI. 67, fig. 74.
Shell like the preceding, but the septum subangulate, with
narrow, submucronate apex; operculum about 12-whorled, with
an exterior strong spiral lamina. Length, '067-'082 inch.
West Indies,
Unfigured Species.
C. SUBINFLEXUM (Bahamas), C. FJSCHERI and C. IMIKLIS ( Vera
Cruz and Carmen), C. CUBITATUM, C. TENERUM, C. Coxi,
C. UNDULOSUM, C. CROSSEI, C. DESHAYESIT, C. MORELETI, C.
BITUMIDUM, C. CARPENTERI and C. TUMIDISSIMUM, all of de
. Folin.
Subgenus STREBLOCERAS, Carpenter, 1858.
C. SUBANNULATUM, de Folin. Honolulu.
This is the only recent species of the group, and it is unfigured.
Subgenus WATSONIA, de Folin, 1879.
C. ELEGANS, de Folin. Cape York, Australia.
The only species, and unfigured.
Subgenus PARASTROPHIA, de Folin, 1869.
C. FOLINI, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. PI. 67, fig. 81.
Shell elongated, rather narrow, thin, subopaque, white ;
nucleus smooth, oblique, afterwards finely annulated, the annu-
lations microscopically decussated. Length, '085 inch.
Mediterranean.
Spirolidium Mediterraneum, Costa, is identified with this
species by Monterosato.
Undetermined Species.
C. ASTURIANA, de Folin. Atlantic Coast of Spain.
C. CHALLENGERI, de Folin. Cape York, Australia.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
XENOPHORID.E, VERMETIDJE, TURRITELLID.E,
PAGE.
Abbreviatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Abnormale (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 316;
Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, .220
Accisa (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc , p. 220, 1880, 208
Achirona (Brochina), de Folin. Jour, de Conch., p. 57, 1867, 216
Acicula (Mesalia), Stirnp. Shells of N. Eng , p. 35, t. 1, f.
5, 1851 ; Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 118, . . .207
Aculeata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 162, 1861, . . . .184
Acuta (Turritella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas-
mania, p. 143, 1875, .... . 206
Acuta (Caecum strangulatum, var.), de Folin. Les Me"lea-
grin., p. 44. 1867, . . .219
Acutangula (Turritella), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., ix, p. 259.
= T. attenuata, Rve, 207
Acutanoula (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. X, 766.
= T. duplicata, Linn. . . .... 207
Adamsii (Siphonium?) Morch. Gray, Figs, of Moll., t.
88, f. 1, . 185
Adansonii (Vermetus), Daudin. Recueil, i>. 35, 1800, . 169
Admirabilis (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p. 227,
1880, .208
^Equalis (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., v,
p. 208, 1826, 209
Afrum (Siphonium), Gm. Syst. Nat., p 3745, No. 23, . 183
Agathirses, Montf. Conch. Syst., i, 398, 1808.
= s. g. of Siliquaria, Brug 169, 189
Agglomerata (Thylaeodes colubrinn, var.), Morch. Zool.
^Proc,p. 72, 1862, ... . . 180
Agglutinans (Trochus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 14.
Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born. . . . .161
Agoniatum ( Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 42, 1867, 219
Alba (Turritella), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 9, 1872, . . 205
Albina (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. II. Nat.
Sicil., iv, p. 61, 1 172
(224)
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 225
PACK.
Albidus (Yermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 307, 1857, . 178
Albina (Thylacodes coluhrina, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 72, 1862, .180
Aletes (Thylacodes polyphragma, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 66, 1862, 179
Aletes (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 63, 1862, 17C>
Aletes (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 55,
1862, 176
Aletes, Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 301, 1857.
= S. G. of Yermetus, Adanson, . . 165, 174
Alternata (Turritella), Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
ii, p. 243. = Terebra, 209
Ammonitiformis (Spiroglyphus), De Serres. Ann. Sc. Nat.,
iv, 1855, 240, . . . . . . . . .177
Ammonitiformis (Stoa), M. de Serres. Ann. des Sci., 1. c.
p., 242. = Siphonium lituella, Morch, .... 183
Ampla (.Thylacodes polyphragma, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 67, 1862, .179
Ampliata (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
56, 1862, .... 176
Ampliata (Vermiculus Inmbricalis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 172, 1861, . ..... 186
Anatilax (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 163. 1861, 184
Anellum, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 319, 1857; Zool. Proc., 423,
1858, ... 214
Anellum (Yermetus), Mj'rch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 359, . 173
Anguillrtj (Tenagodus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p.
410, 191
Anguina (Siliquaria), Blainv. Man., t. 1, f. 11.
= Tenagodus Cutningii, Morch.
Anguina (Siliquaria), Sowb. Genera.
= Tenagodus obtusus, Schum. ...... 189
An^uinus (Tenagodus), Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr., 701, Xo.
431, 1758, . 190
Angulatus (Yermetus), Rouss. Chenu. Illus. Conch., t. 5,
f. 2. = Y. centiquadrus, Yalenc. . . . . .175
Angulifera (Bivonia), Monts. Enum. e Sin., p. 29 ; 111.
Nat. Sicil.,iv, 61, ...... . 178
Annularium (Yermetus), Yaillant. Nouv. Arch, du Mus.,
190,1871. = S. annulatus, Daudin, ... 178
Annulata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Yiv., p. 20, t. 13,
f. 1, 203, 214, 217
Annulatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.,
1827, 220
15
226 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Annulatus (Thylacodes oryzata var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 78, 1862, Panama, . . . . . , ..183
Annulatus (Serpulus), Lam. Hist., v, p. 364, No. 10, 1818.
= Spiroglyphus glomeratus, Daudin, var. tubulosa, Morch, 1 78
Annulatus (Spiroglyphus), Daudin. Recueil do Mem., p. 50,
1800, . ......... 178
Annulus (Yermetus), Rousseau. Chenn, Illus. Conch., t. 1,
f. 8, - . .183
Anticalyptnea, Quenstedt, 1884. = Autodetus, Lindst., . 158
Antillarum (Caecum dextroversum, var.), Carp. Zool. Proc ,
433, 1858, 215
Antiquarius (Trochus), Meusch. Gev., p. 453, 1787.
= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born.
Aquila (Turritella), Ad. and Rve. Yoy. Samarang, . .202
Arborea(Lemintinaselecta, var.),Monts. II. Nat. Sicil. iv,63, 183
Archimedis (Turritella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., ii, 871,
= Terebra, Linn 195
Arcotia, Stoliczka, 194
Arcuatum (Caecum sepimentum, var.), de Folin. Les Fonds
de la Mer, i, p. 84, Tahiti, . ... . .222
Arcuatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.,
1827. = 0. glabrum, Mont 215
Arenaria (Septaria), Lam., vi, p. 32.
= Thylacodes polyphragma, Sassi, 179
Arenarius (Yermetus), Daudin, p. 35, 1800.
= Th}dacodes Masier, Desh 180
Arenarius (Yermetus), " Lamck." Qnoy, Toy. de 1'Astr.,
p. 289, pi. 67, f. 8-10. = Cladopoda grandis, Gray, . 182
Areolata (Turritella), Stimpson. Shells N. Eng., 35, 1851.
= Turbinella, . . .208
Armoricum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p.
148, t. 23, f. 4, 5, 1869. = Brochina incompta, Mont. . 216
Asperella (Yermetus renisectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 347,1861, . . .171
Asperula (Yermetus reuisectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 347,1861, ' . . . .171
Asturiana (Parastrophia), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p.
218, t. 29, f. 7, .223
Attenuata (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 4, 1849.
= T. duplicata, Linn., var. ...... 207
Attenuatum (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 809, 1879, 219
Atra (Yermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, 111., t. 5, f. 5, . 180
Aureocincta (Turritella), Martens. Sitz., Berlin, p. 107, 1882, 208
Auriculatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . .216
Australis (Xenophora), Souv. Journ. de Conch., xviii, 423,
1870, 160
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 227
PAGE.
Australis (Siliquaria), Quoy. Voy. Astrolabe, . . . 189
Austrina (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 224,
1880, 208
Australis (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. vert., ix, 258, . . 207
Autodetus, Lindstrom, 1884, 158
Bacillum (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 5, t. 4, f. 1, 196
Badia (Vermetus varians, var.), Morcli. Zool. Proc., 340,
1861, . .170
Badia (Thylacodes decussatus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 76, 1862 ' 181
Balani-Tintinnabuli, Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 359, 1861, 175
Banksii (Turritella), Gray. MSS. Brit. Mus., Reeve, Conch.
Icon., sp. 15, 1849. = T. goniostoma, Val. . . .198
Bernard!! (Tenagodus), Morch. Journ. de Conch., 1860, p.
368, 190
Biangulata (Turritella), De Blainv. = T. bicingulata, Lam. 202
Biangularis (Vermetus maximus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
168, 1861, 184
Bicarinata (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 174, 1861, . ... 187
Bicarinatus (Vermetus), Sowb. Man., f. 4.
= Siphonium nebulosum, Dillw. . . . . .184
Bicarinatus (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. s. vert., ix, 67, 1843,
= V. lumbricalis, Linn.
Bicingulata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. vert., ix, 256, . 202
Bicolor (Caecum impartitum, var.), de Folin. Les Melea-
grin., p. 41,1867, 219
Bicolor (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 47,
== T. fascialis, Menke, 1848, .197
Bif'unicularis (Siponium subcrenatum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 158, 1861, 185
Bimamillatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8,
f. 6, 7 ; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, 26 1. Laguayra, . . . 216
Bimarginatura (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 431, 1858, . 216
Bipartitum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . .219
Bispinosum (Stephopoma), Morch. Mai. Bliitt., p. 78, No.
72,1860. = S. pennatum, Morch, . . .185
Bisuturalis (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
ii, 256. = Odostomia, 209
Bitumidum (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine
et Loire, xi, 1869, 223
Bivonia, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 62, 90, 1842 ; Mrs. Gray's
Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, 82, 1850, . . . 164, 166, 176
Bivonia, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 156 (not 1842).
= Spiroglyphus, Daudin.
228 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAG.
Brasiliensis (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t. 5,f. 5, 180
Breve (Caecum), cle Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 53, 1867, . 220
Brevialis (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. vert., ix, p. 256, . 209
Bridgesii (Vcrmetuscentiquadrus var.), Morch. Zool, Proc.,
p. 363, 1861, 175
Brochina, Gray. Guide Moll , p. 101, 1857.
= Caecum, Elem. . 213, 215
Brochus, Brown. Recent Conch. Great Britain, iii, 1827.
= Ciecum, Fleming, ....... 213
Broderipiana (Turritella), d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., p. 388.
= T. goniostoma, Val. . . . . . . .198
Burtinella, Morch. Zool. Proc., 147, 1861, . . . . 167
Caecalium, Macgillivray. = Caecum, Fleming, . . . 213
Cnecum, Fleming. Encycl. Edinb., t. 7, p. 67, 1817, . 213, 215
Calculifera (Phorus), Kve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 162, 1842, . 159
Californica (Turritella), Brod. Orb., Voy. Amer., 388.
= T. goniostoma, Val. . . . . .198
Californicum (Caecum), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii,
541, . 219
Campulotus, Guett. Mem. iii, p. 94, 1774.
= Vermetus, Adanson.
Canaliculata (Turritella), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang,
p. 49, 1848. = T. vitulata, Ad. and Reeve, . . .204
Candida (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 38, 1849, . 204
Candidissima (Vermetus varians, d'Orb , var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 340, 1861, . 170
Capensis (Turritella), Krauss. Siidafrik. Moll., p. 106, t. 6,
f. 8, . . . 197
Caperata (Xenophora), Phil, (not Petit). Zeits. fur Malak.,
1851, 159
Caperata (Xenophora), Petit (not Phil.). Journ. de Conch.,
v, 249, pi. x, f. 3-5, 1856. = X. Senegalensis, Fischer, .161
Caribaea (Xenophora), Petit. Journ. de Conch., v, 248, pi.
x, f. 1, 2, 1856, 162
Caribaea (Mesalia), d'Orb. Cuba., ii, No. 190, t. 10, f. 21.
= T. varia, Kiener, var 209
Carinata(Siphoniurnsubgranosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 165, 1861, 184
Carinatus (Vermetus), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. de PAstr., p.
298, t. 67, f. 25, 26, 172
Carinifera (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ix, p. 258, . 206
Cariniferum (Siphonium), Gray. Dieff. New Zeal., p. 242,
1843, . . , .184
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 229
PAGE.
Carlottae (Turritella), Watson. Linn. Soc. Journ., xv, p.
222, 1880, .... 208
Carmenense (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 216
Carpenter! (Vermetus varians, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
339, 1851, . .170
Carpenter! (Yermetus Adansonii, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
337, 1861, 170
Carpenter! (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn., Maine
et Loire, 1869 .223
Castanea (Vermiculus pellnciclus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 179, 1861, 188
Cavelieri (Xenophora), Rochbr. Bull. Soc. Philorn., 178,
1883, . 161
Cellularia, Schmidt. Moll. Cat. Mus. Gotha, p. 70, 1833.
= Thylacodes, Gtiett.
Centiquadrus (Aletes), var. imbricatus. Carp. Cat., p. 302.
= Siphonium megamastum, var. centiquadra, Morch, . 173
Centiquadrus (Yermetus), Yal. Yoy. Venus, t. 11, f . 1 a ;
Jour, de Conch. ,2, v, 37, . ..... 174
Cerea (Xenophora), Rve. Conch. Icon. (Phorus), fig. 9,
1843, .160
Cerea (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 25, 1849.
= T. bacillum, Kiener, . . . . . . .196
Cereus (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 316, f. 7,
1856 172
Cerithium (Turritella), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., t. 55, f. 27,
28. = Cerithium, 209
Challenger! (Parastrophia), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 806,
1879, . . . 223
Chiereghiniana (Brochina), Brusina. Journ. de Conch., p.
248, 1869. = B. auriculatum, de Folin, .... 216
Chinense (Caecum), de Folin. Les Fonds de la Mer, i, p.
80, t. 9, f. 3,4, .222
Cinerea (Yermicnlus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
164,1861. = Y. spiratus, var. radicula, .... 187
Cingulata (Turritella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 13, . 200
Cingulitera (Turritella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 14, . 198
Cinnamomina (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 177, 1861, 188
Circumvolutum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8,
f. 3 ; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, i62, 216
Cladopoda, Gray. Fig. of Moll., p. 83, 1850.
= S. G. of Thylacodes, Guett 166
Clarkii (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 432, 1858.
= C. vitreum, Carp., var. . . . . . . .215
Clathrata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Yiv.,p. 38, 1. 14, f. 1, 206
230 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGB.
Clathratula (Turritella), Wood. Crag Moll., 1848.
= T. erosa, Couth.
Clathratura (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 322 ; Zool.
Proc., 428, 1858, . . . . . . ' . . .219
Clava (Caecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 54, 1867, . 220
Clisospira, Billings. Paleoz. Fossils, 1865, . . . .158
Cochlea (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 29, 1849.
= T. exoleta, Linn 205
Cochleaeformis (Mathilda), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., p. 5,
f. 1, 1873, . 210
Cochlidium (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 314,
f. 2, 1856, 173
Colubrina (Serpula),Bolten. Verz., p. 50, No. 884, 1798.
= Vermetus atra, Rouss. . . . . . . .180
Columnaris (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq.Viv., p. 10, t. 7, f. 1 , 200
Communis (Turritella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv,
106, . ' . 19G
Compacta (Bivonia), Carp. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, xiv,
p. 427, 1864, . . . . . .177
Compactum (Caecum quadratum, var.), Carp. Zool. Proc.,
p. 428, 1858, ... 217
Complanatum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin.,p. 41 ,1867, 216
Concava (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., v,
p. 207,1826, 209
Concava (Turritella), Martens. Mobius Mauritius, p. 283,
1880, 206
Conchyliophorus (Trochus), Born. Index Mus. Cses, 333, 161
Congelata (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p.
47, 1848, ..... ... 204
Conicus (Vermetus), Dillwyn, ii, p. 1078, 1815, . .170
Conifer (var. of Siliquaria Cumingii), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
404, 1860, 190
Constricta (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., pi. x, sp. 16,
1849, . .206
Constrictor (Bivonia), Mo'rch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 63, 1*62, 177
Contortula (Vermetus contortus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 345, 1861, 171
Contortuplicatus (Vermetus), var. b. Scacchi, Cat. p. 18.
= Dofania gregaria, Monts 176
Contortus (Vermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat. 305, No. 355,
1857, 171-173
Contracturn (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Contraria (Caecum undatum, var.), de Folin. Fonds de la
Mer, viii, 1869, . . ... 218
Contrarius (Spiroglyphus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 329, 1861.
= S. spiruliformis, de Serres.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 231
PAGE.
Cooperi (Turritella), Carp. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 216, . . 200
Cooperi (Caecum), Smith. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum, vii, p. 154,
1862, ix, 393, f. 3, 221
Cooperi (Caecum), Carp, (not Smith, 1862), Supp. Brit. Assoc.
Rep., p. 655, 1864; Proc. Cal. Acad., iii, 216, 1866.
= C. Californicum, Dall 219
Coralliophila (Bivoma Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
60, 1862, 177
Corallophora (Astraea), Bolt. Cat. p. 56.
= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born.
Cordismei (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 224,
.1880, 208
Cornea (Yermiculus lumbricalis, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 172,1861, . 186
Cornea (Turritella), Lam. Kiener, Iconog. t. 13, f. 3.
= T. communis, Risso. ....... 197
Cornea (Caecum undatum, var.),de Folin. Les Meleagrin.,p.
41, 1867, . . . . ' . . . . . .218
Corneum (Caecum), Dkr. Jalirb. Mai. Gesell., ii, p. 244, 216
Corniculina, Minister, Beitr., Geogn. Tirols, 118, 119, 1841.
= Caecum, Fleming, ........ 213
Cornubovis (Meioceras), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 439, 1858, . 223
Cornucopia? (Meioceras^, Carp Zool. Proc., p. 439, 1858, 223
Cornuoides, Brown. Recent. Conch. Great Brit., 1827.
= Caecum, Fleming, 213
Coronata, Monts. Poche Note Conch. Medit., 12, 1875, . 211
Coronatum (Caecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 50,
1867, . 221
Corrodens (Vermetus contortus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 346,1861, 171
Corrodens (Spiroglyphus), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 235, t. 18, f. 1, 3.
S. annulatus, Daudin, var. . . . . . .178
Corrugatus (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 163, 1842, . 159
CoiTiigulatum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 327;
Zool. Proc., 433,1858, 216
Costae (Tenagodus), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., 1836, p. 31.
= Siliquaria anguina, Linn. ...... 189
Costre (Siliquaria), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., 21, 1836;
Morch. Zool. Proc., 413, 1860, 191
Costale (Siphonium), Lam. Hist., v, p. 366, No. 23, 1818.
= S. subgranosum, Morch. ...... 184
Costalis (Serpula), Lam. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 10, f. 11, 178
Costalis ( Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 3, f. 1.
= Vermiculus tortuosus, Solander, ..... 186
Costata (Turritella erosa, var.), Aurivillius. Yega Exped.,
p. 322, 1885. = T. reticulata, Migh. and Ad. . . 208
232 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGB.
Costata (Yermetus varians, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 341,
1861, 170
Costatum (Caecum), Yerrill. Am. Journ. Sci., 3d Ser., iii,
p. 283, t. 6, f. 6, 1872. = C. Cooperi, Smith, . . .221
Costulata (Turritella), Mighels and Adams. Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist, iv, 50, 1842. = T. reticulata, M. and A. 208-214
Coxi (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn., Maine et
Loire, xi, 1869, . . . .223
Crassa (Yermiculus pellucid us, var.\ Morch. Zool. Proe.,
p. 178, 1861, .... ... 188
Crassum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Crebricinctum (Caecum), Carp. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
iii, p. 215, . ... 218
Crispa (Xenophora), Martens. Jahrb. der Dcutsch. Mai.
Ges.,p. 238, pi. ix,f. 1, 1876. = = X. Senegalensis, Fischer, 161
Crispa (Xenophora), Konig. Bronn, Italiens Tertiiir-
Gebilde, 62, 1831, 160
Cristata (Siphonium subcrenatum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 158, 1861, . . 185
Cristatus (Vermetus),Biondi. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia
1859, p. 120, f 5. = Y. glomeratus, Bivona, . . .178
Crocea (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Yiv., p. 24, t. 11, f.
2. = T. bacillum, Kiener, 196
Crossei (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn., Maine et
Loire, xi, 1869, 223
Crustans (Spiroglyphus glomeratus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 333, 1861, . . . . . . . .178
Cryptobia, Deshayes. Jour, de Conch., xi, 396, 1863, . 169, 191
Crystallina (Yermetus balani-tintinnabuli, var.), Morch.
Zool. Proc., p. 359, 1861, 175
Crystallinum (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 812,
1879, .... .'220
Cubitatum (Meioceras), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 223
Cuccina (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 216
Cumingii (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 13, 1849,
= T. tigrina Kiener, .... . 199
Cumingii (Siliquaria), Morch. .Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,
p. 403, . . 190
Cuvieri (Lementina), Risso. Hist. Nat. Europe. Mer., iv,
p. 114, t. 2, f. 16, 18, 1826 183
Cylindrella (Tenagodus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 410, 1860.
Cylindrica (Caecum leve var.), de Folin. Les Meleagrin.,
p. 39, 1867, . 215
Da Costae (Spiroglyphus), Morch. Humph, and Da Costa,
Conch., xi, f. 15,' 185
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 233
PAOB.
Decipiens (Turritella), Monts. Enum. e Sinon., p. 29, . 205
Declivis (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p.
48, 1848, 200
Declivis (Turritella erosa. var.). Aurivilliiis. Vega Exped ,
p. 324. = T. reticulata, Mighels, var 208
Decurtata (Broehina), Monts. II Nat. Sicil., iv, p. 23, 1884, 216
Decussata (Mesalia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 279, 1851, . 210
Decussatum (Caecum formulosum, var.), de Folin. Funds
de la Mer, viii, p. 124, 222
Decussatus (Vermetus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3745, Xo.
21, 17l x 181
Decussatus (Vermetus), Lain. Anim. s. Yert , v, p. 363,
No. 7 (non Gmel.) = Y. conicus, Dillwyn, var. gordialis.
Deliciosa (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 226,
1880, 208
Dendropoma, Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 153.
= Sect, of Siphonium.
Dentaliopsis, Clarke MS. Gray. Zool. Proc., 203, 1847.
= Crecum, Fleming, ....... 213
Dentifera (Vermetus), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., p. 291, t. 67,
f. 27,28. = Thylacodes lono-ifilis, Morch, . . .182
Dentifera (Spiroplyphua annulatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 331, 1861, . 178
Dentiferus (Yermetus), Sovvb. Gen., f. 6.
= Siphonium nebulosum, Dillw. ..... 184
Dentiferus (Thylacodes), Lam. Anim. s. Yert., v, 367, . 179
Deshayesi (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine
et Loire, xi, 1869, . . 223
Dextroversum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 328, 215
Diaphana (Vermiculus lumbricalis, var), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 171, 1861, 186
Digitata (Xenophora), Martens. Sitz-Berich. Berlin, 135,
1878, .... 161
Dilatata (Yermetus octosectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 351, 1861, , 172
Diminutum (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 161, 310.
= C. firmatum, C. B. Ad. . . ... . .217
Dimorphus (Yermiculus), Morch. Proc Zool. Soc., p. 176,
1861, 187
Discifer (Yermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 180, 1861, 188
Disculus (Spiroglyphus Spirnliformis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 329, 1861, 177
Dofania, Morch. J. de C., 2d, iv, 34, 1860.
= Thylacodes and Bivonia, in part, . . , .166
234 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Dunkeri (var. of Tenagodus polygonus, Blv.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 403, 1860, . 190
Pnplicata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1239, . 207
Dura (Turritella), Moroh. Mal.'Blatt., vii, 78, . . . 209
Ebenea (Vermetus renisectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 349,1801, 171
EburiK'iim (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 161, 311.
= C. firmatum, C. B. Ad 217
Eburneus (Vermetus), live. Conch. Syst., ii, pi. 152, f. 2.
= Vermiculus pellucidus, Brod. and Sowb., var. . .188
Echinata (Serpula), Gmel. Syst. Nat.
= Siliquaria anguina, Linn.
Effusus (Vermetus), Yal. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 5, f. 4, 4 a.
= V. centiquadrus, Val 175, 188
Eglisia, Gray. Synops. Brit. Mus., 1840. = Scalariidae.
Electrina (Vermetus varians, d'Orb., var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 340, 1861, 170
Elegans (Watsonia), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 808, 1879, . 223
Eleu'ans (Cladopoda), Quoy and Gaim. L. c. p. 293, pi.
07, f. 11-12, 1833, 182
Elegans (Ciecum),de Folin. Les Melt'agrin,p. 45, 1807, 219, 323
Elegantissima (Mathilda), Costa. Microd. Medit., . . 210
Elegantissimum (Caecum), Cpr. Me Andrew's Rep. Moll.,
N. E. Atl. Brit. Assoc., p. 149, 1856 ; Zool. Proc., 429,
1858, 217
Elegantula (Mathilda), An gas. Zool. Proc., p. 15, 1871, . 210
Elephantulura, Carp. Zool. Proc., p 419, 1858.
= Caecum, Flem.
Elongata Turritella variegata, var.), Reeve. Conch. Icon.,
sp. 19, 1849 199
Elongatum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 319;
Zool. Proc.. 424, 1858, 219
Encausticus (Tenagodus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 408, I860, . 189
Endoptygma, Gabb. Proc. Philad. Acad. for 1876, 302,
1877," 157
Erosa (Turritella), Couth. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., ii, t.
3, f. 1, 208
Eruca (Vermetus^, Lamarck. Anim. sans vert., 2d edit., v,
p. 634, 177
Eruca (Vermetus), Lam. Anim. sans vert.,-ed. 2, v, p 634.
= Serpulorbis inopertus, Riippel, . . . . .182
Erucatum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Melengrin., p. 42, 1867, 219
Eruciformis (Thylacodes), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862,
p. 70, . . 183
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 235
PAGE.
Erythraeensis (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Morch.
Zool. Proc., p. 329, 1861, 177
Erytlirosclera (Thylacodes ernciformis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 70, I860, 183
Eschrichtii (Turritella), Midd. Malac. Rossioa, t. xi, f. 1,2.
= T. erosa, Couth 208
Eutrochus, Whitfield. 1882, 158
Excavata (Turritella), Sovvb. Zool. Proc., p. 252, 1870.
= T. exoleta, Linn 205
Exile (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 811, 1879, . .219
Exoleta (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, No. 561 ;
Edit, xii, No. 644, . ... . 05
Expansa (Bivonia triquctra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc. p.
56, 1862, ... 176
Exserta (Bivonia), Dull. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 39,
1881, .177
Exuta (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 162, 1842, . 161
Farcimen (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Maznt. Shells, p. 326, . 215
Fartulum, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 425, 1858.
= Caecum, Fleming.
Fascialis (Turritella)', Menke. Synopsis, p. 83, 1828, . . 197,
Fasciatum (Caecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 66, t. 1,
f. 2, 3, ... .... 222
Fascicularis (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 56, 1862 ' 176
Fastigiata (Turritella), Ad. and live. Voy. Samarang, p.
48, 1848, . . 204
Favosa (Yermetus contortus, var.), Morch, Zool. Proc., p.
345, 1861, .171
Ferruginea (var of Tenagodus australis,Quoy), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 407, 1860. = S. Reentzii, Morch/. . . .189
Ferruginea (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 32, 1849, . 207
Filaris (Vermetus vermicella, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
357, 1861, 173
Firmatum (Caecum), C. B Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 161, 311, . ^17
Fischeri (Meioceras), de Folin. Fonds de Mer, 18, f. 3, 4, 223
Fissurata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 163. 1861, 184
Flammulata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq.Viv.,p. 7,t. 5,f. 1, 201
Flavescens ( Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
314, f. 3, 1856, .174
Flexuosa (Caecum elegans, var.), de Folin. Les Meleagrin.,
^ p. 45, 1867, . . . . 219
Flo rid an urn (Caecum), Stimp. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
1851, 217
236 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Flos-lactis (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
62, 1862, .... m
Folini (Parastrophia), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. Roussillon, p.
283, t. f. 5, 1884, . ...... 223
Formulosum (Caecum), do Folin. Fonds do la Mer, viii,
p. 124, 222
Fragilis (Turritella), Kiener. Iconog., 34, t. 8, f. 3.
= T. cingulifera, Sowb 198
Freytagi (Mesalia), von Maltzan. Nachrichts. der Deutsch.
Malak. Gesell., May, 1884, p. 68, 210
Fulgurata (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
61, 1862, 177
Fulminata (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. N. Zeal.,
p. 29, 1873, .... . 208
Funiculata (Mathilda), Tiberi. A nidus and Benoit. Moll.
Sicil.,313. '= M. elegantissimn, Costa, . . . .210
Fuscata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ix, 255.
= T. ungulina, Linn. . . . . . . .196
Fuscata (Serpula), Humplir. Wood., Suppl., t. 8, f. 3, 1 828.
= Vermetus atra, Rouss, . . . . . . .180
Fusco-cincta (Turritella}, Petit. Jour, de Concli., p. 368,
t. 11, f. 3, 1853. = T. cingulifera. Sowb. . . .198
I
Gsederopi (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 163,
1861, 185
Geo-ania, Jeffreys. 1884 . . .195
Geinmata (Turritella), Rve. Concli. Icon., sp. 28, 1849, . 200
Gigas (Sipboniura), A. and G. Cbenn, 111. Conch., t. 5, f.
6, 6 a, . 184
Gigas (Serpuloides), Gray. Figs, of Moll , i, t. 58, f. 6, 1850.
= V. polypbragrna, Sassi, . . . . . .179
Gigas (Siliquaria), Lesson. Voy. de la Coq..,ii, pt. i, p. 409, 191
Glabra (Tenagodus), Risso. Hist., iv, p. 1 15, . . .191
Glabriformis (Brocbina), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 437, 1858, . 216
Glabrum (Dentalium), Montagu. Test. Brit., ii, p. 497,
1803, ' 215
Glabrum (Caecum), Brusina (not Mont.).
= Brocbina incompta, Monts. . . . . , .216
Glabrum (Odontidium), Cantraine, ..... 216
Glabrum (Ceecum), McAndr. Geogr. Distr. Test., 1854.
= C. vitreum, Carp 215
Glauconia, Giebel, 1852, ... .194
Glomerata (Spiroglyphus annulatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 331, 1861, .... . 178
Glomerata (Serpula), Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, p. 1266.
= Vermetus subcancellatus, Bivon. . . . . .173
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 237
Gloraerata ( Yermicnlaria), Gravenh. Tergest., p. 60, in part.
= Thylacodes decussatns, Gra., var. tennis, Morch.
Glomeratns (Y^ermetns) Bivona. Xuovi Genera, 12, . .178
Glorneratns (Yermetns), Daudin. Rec. 35.
= Y. vermicella, Lam. . . . . . . .173
Glomeratns (Yerrnetus), Ronss. Chenu, IIlus. Conch., t. 2,
f. 2. = Y. reniseetns (Carp.), Morch.
Goniostoma (Tnrritella), Val. Yoy. Humboldt et Bon-
pland, ii, p. 275, 198
Gordialis (Vermetus renisectns, var.), M'irch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 346, 1861, 171
Gordialis (Yermetns conicns, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
342, 1861 170
Goreensis (Yermetns), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3745, . . 177
Graeile (Csecnm), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 429, 1858, . .219
Gracile (Caecum). Gld. Proc. Bost. Soc. Xat Hist, vii, 407, 219
Gracillima (Ttirritella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vii, p. 386, 1861 ; A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist., 107,
1875. = T. fascialis, Menke, . . . . . .197
Grandis (Cladopoda), Gray. Fig. of Moll., iv, p. 83, pi. 56,
f. 9, 182
Granifera (Bivonia Qnovi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 61,
1862, : . 177
Granosa (Tnrritella), Quoy. Yoy. del'Astr.,iii,t. 55, f. 29,30, 209
Granolirata (Mathilda), Brugnone, Misc. Malac., p. 6, f. 2,
1873. = M. elegantissima, 0. G. Costa, . . . .210
Grannlata (Yermicnlaria ), Gravenh. Tergestina, p. 65, Xo.
5, 1831. = Bivonia triquetra, Bivon., var. pinnicola, . 176
Grannlifera (Tnrritella), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tasmania, p. 143, 1875. = T. Anstralis, Lam. . . 207
Gregaria (Dofania), Monts. En. e Sin., p. 28 ; II. Xat. Sicil.,
iv, 62, . 177
Gunnii (Tnrritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 45, 1849, . 203
Gnrgnlio (Ctecnm), Carp. Zool. Proc., p 426,1858, . . 219
Gymnogastra (Yermetns ccrens, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 351,1861, . . 172
Halipluebus, Fischer. Kiener. Trochidae, 450, 1880, . .157
Hanleyana (Tnrritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 36, 1849.
= T. rosea, Quoy 199
Hastula (Tnrritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 31, 1849, . 203
Hatina, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 62, 90, 1842; 62, 1844, . 167
Hanstator, Mtf. Conch. Syst., ii, 182, 1810, . . 193, 198
Helvacea (Xenophora), Ph. Zeit. fiir Malak., 1851, . .162
Heptagonum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 319 ;
Zool. Proc., 422, 1858, 222
238 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Heteropsammarium (Cryptobia), Dcsh. Moll. Reunion, p.
68, 1863, . . . 191
Hexagonum (Caecum heptagonum, var.), de Folin. Les
Meleagrin., p. 46,1807, . . . ' . . .222
Hookeri (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 61, 1848, . 206
Imbricata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc ,
p. 163, 1831, . . 184
Imbricata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, No. 640.
= T. variegata, var. elongata, Linn. . . . .199
Imbricatum (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc.. p. 422, 1858, 185, 222
Imbricatus (Thylacodes), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., p. 240, No. 59,
I860, ... 180
Imbricosoluta (Turritella communis, var.), De Greg. Bull.
Soc. Mai. Ital.,x, p. 118 197
Imiklis (Meioceras), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 189, t. 26,
f. 5, 6, . 223
Immersa (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 328, 1861. 177
Impartitum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 41, 1867, 219
Imperfectum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleaorin,, p. 40, 1867, 216
Imperforatum (Dentalium), Montagu. Brit. Shells, 496.
= C. trachea, Mont. .219
Impressa (Turritella), Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
ii, p. 244. = Odostomia 209
Incisa (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 65, 1849, . . 203
Incisa (Turritella), Tenison-Woods (non Rve.). Proc. Linn.
Soc. N. S. W., ii, p. 262, 1877. = T. Sophias, Bra/.
Incisns (Tenagodus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 408, 1860.
. = T. Senegalensis, Recluz, 188
Inclinatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p.
142, t. 22, f. 1,2, 1869, . . . . . . .222
Incompta (Brochina), Monts. II Nat. Sicil., iv, p. 23, 1884, 216
Incurvatum (Yermiculum), Mont. Test. Br., p. 518,
C. glabrum, Mont . .215
Indentata (Vermetus contortus, var.), Carp. Morch. Mai.
Blatt., 77, 1860, ... . .171
Indentata (Vermetus renisectus var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 349, 1861, 171
Indica (Xenophora), Grael. Syst. Nat., 3575, . . 161
Indicus (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 5, f. 2 a.
= Vermiculus lumbricalis, Linn. var. teres, Morch, . . 186
Infimum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8, f. 2, . 222
Inflatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p. 121,
t. 15, f. 5, 6, 1869, 222
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 239
PAGB.
Infraconstricta (Turritella), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., p.
817, 1878, . . 203
Infundibulum (Serpula), Chenu. Illus. Conch., t. 10, f. 12, . 178
Incrassata (Turritella), Sowb. Min. Conch. Great Brit., i,
p. Ill, t. 51, f. 6, 1812. = T. triplicata, Studer, . .197
Inopertus (Serpulus), Riippell. Atlas Africa, t. 11, f. 3, . 182
Insculptnm (Ctecnm), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan shells, p. 315,
Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, 220
Insigne (Caecum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 52, 1867, 220
Instructum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Intaminata (Crecum fasciatum, var.), Monts. Nat. Sicii., iv,
24, . 222
Intermedia (Thylacodes decussatns, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 75, 1862, 181
Intestina (Serpula), Salis-Marschlius. Reise, p. 358, 1793,
= Thylacodes poly phragma, Sassi, 179
Intestiniforme (Dentalium), Linn, 1759. Hanley, Ms. of Mus.
Ulric., 49. = Thylacodes polyphragma, Sassi, . .179
Intortus (Yermetus), Weinkaulf (non Lamarck). Conch.
Medit., 328. = V. subcancellatus, Bivona, . . .173
lonica (Bivonia), Danillo and Sandri. Elengo, ii, 65, . 177
Irregulare (Cfficum), de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 47, 1867, 221
Irregularis (Vermetus), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 235.
= Vermetus varians, d'Orb, var. irregularis, Morch, . 170
Irregularis (Yermetus), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 16, but
scarcely desc. = Spiroglyphus annulatus, Daud, var. . 178
Japonica (var. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 405, 1860 190
Juvenilis (Yermetus renisectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 348, 1861, . . . 170
Knocked (Protoma), Baird. Zool. Proc., p. 60, 1870, . 210
Knorri (Yermetus), Desh. An. s. Yert., ix, 68, 1843.
= Yermiculus spiratus, Phil. var. bicarinata, Morch, . 187
Knysnaensis (Turritella), Krauss. Sudafrik. Moll., p. 106, t.
6, f. 9, 1848, .203
Lacquearis (Yermiculus pellucid us, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 177, 1861.
Lactea (Mesalia), Mo'ller. Index Moll. Gnjenlandire, p. 9.
= T. reticulata, Migh. and Adams, 208
Lactea (Siliquaria), Lam. Hist., v, p. 338, No. 5, 1818, . 191
Lacteola (Mesalia), Cpr. Suppl. Rep. Brit. As., p. 655,
1864. = T. reticulata, Migh. and Adams, . . . 208
Lseve (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 162, 311, . 215
240 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Laeve-lirata (var. of Tenagodus Oumiftgii), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 405, 1860, ........ 190
Laevigata (Thylacodes decussatus, var.), M<irch. Zool.
Proc., p. 75, 1862, . . . 181
Laevigata (Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, pp. 213-
214,1807. = X. couchyliophorus, Born, . .161
Lsvvis (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit., 1827.
= C. glabrum, Mont. ....... 215
Laeviuscula (Thylacodes colnbrina, var.), M'irch. Zool.
Proc., p. 73, 1862, . . . . . . . .180
Laraarckii (Serpnlorbis), Yaillant. Nouv. Archiv. du Mus.,
1871, p. 199, . 183
Lamarckii (Vermetus Adansonii, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
337, 1861 ...... .... 169
Lambert! (Xenophora), Souv. Jour, de Conch., xix, 334,
1871; xx, 54, 1872, .... . 162
Lamellosa (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p. 229,
1880, ........ . 208
Lamellosum (Siphonium), Button. Cat. Moll. N. Zeal., p.
30; Manual, 85, ........ 184
Lapidifera (Astraea), Bolt. Cat., p. 56.
= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born.
Lacquearis (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
59, 1862, . ...... 177, 188
Laqueatum (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 162, 311 ;
Carp. Zool. Proc., 420, 1858, . . 219
? Lementina, Risso. Hist. Nat. Europe Mer., p. 114, 182C>.
= S. G. Thylacodes, Guett, ...... 167
Lemniscata ( Spiroglyphus spiruliformis, var. ), Morch.
Zool. Proc., p. 328, 1861, ..... .177
Lentiginosa (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 9, 1849.
= T. goniostoma, Val ........ 198
Leucostoma (Turritella), Val. Voy. Humboldt et Bon-
pland, ii, p. 275, . . . ..... 200
Leucozonias (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 155,
1861, . ..... ... 185
Levissimum (Odontidium), Cantr. Bull. Brux., ix, p. 2,
1842. = C. glabrum, Mont ....... 215
Liratocinctum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p.
317; Zool. Proc., 421, 1858, ... . 222
Ligar (Turritella), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., ix, p. 261.
= T. fiammulata, Kien.
Lilacina (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 59,
1862, ....... . .176
Lilacinus (Vermetus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 352,
1861, .......... 172, 177
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 241
PAGE.
Limacella (Th} r lacodes Riisei, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 69, 1862, .... . . .183
Lineata (var. of Tenagoclus incisus), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
408, 1860, . . , . . . . . . .189
Lineicinctum (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 808, 1879,- 219
Lineolata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 25, t. 5,
f. 2. = T. rosea, Quoy, . . . . . . .199
Lineolata (Vermicularia), Gravenh. Tergest., p. 57, No. 3.
= Thylacodes polyphragma, Sassi, var. Aletes, Morch.
N Linnei (Turritella), Desh. = T. communis, Risso, . .197
Lispe (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., 2d Edit., ix, 65.
= V. ver micella, Lam. . . . . . . .173
Longifilis (Thylacodes), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 79,1862, 181
Lithophorus (Trochus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, pi. 172, f.
1688-1690. = Xenophora conch3 T liophorus, Born.
Lithotrochus, Conrad, . . . . . . . .194
Lituella (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 154,1861, 183
Lituina (Vermiculus dimorphus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 177, 1861, . . -. 187
Lumbricalis (var. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 405, 1860 190
Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Gould. Report Mass., p. 287.
= Vermiculus. spiratus, Phil., var. radicula, Stimp. . 187
Lumbricalis (Vermiculus), d'Orb. Hist. Nat. Cuba, p. 234.
= V. spiratus, Phil., var. bicarinata, Morch, . . . 187
Lumbricalis (Serpula), B. Gm. S} r st. Nat., p. 3742.
= Vermetus conicus, Dillw. . . . . . .170
Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Lam. Hist. An. sans Vert., vi,
pt. 2, 225. = V. Adansonii, Daudin, var.
Lumbricalis (Vermetus), Roissy (non Linn.). Hist. Moll.,
v, p. 399, t. 56, f. 1. = V. Adansonii, Daudin, . .169
Lumbricalis (Vermiculus), Linn. Syst. Nat., x, 787, 1758, 186
Lumbricella (Thylacodes eruciformis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 70, 1862, 183
Luridum (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 164, 1861, 184
Lyngbyanua (Vermetus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 83,
1862; Mall. Blatt., xviii, 128, 185
Macandrese (Eglisia), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 753, 1865.
= Turritella quadricarinata, Brocchi.
Macrophragma (Vermetus), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 309, No.
359, 1857, ....... . 173
Macrophragma, Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 308, 1757.
= S. G. of Vermetus, Adans., 1 60, 173
Macrophragma (Petaloconchus), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 309,
f. 1, .173
10
242 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PACK.
Maculata (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 33, 1849, . 202
Magellanica (Mathilda), Fischer. Man. de Conch., p. 172,
1881, . . . 211
Magnum (Caecum), Stearns, ... ... 219
Major (Bivonia sutilis, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 58, 1862, 177
Major (Cornuoides), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.,
1827. = C. trachea, Mont., young, . . . .219
Margaritarum (Yermetus), Val. Voy. Venus, t. 11, f. 2
(larger fig.), . . 181
Margaritarum (Siphonium), Val. Voy. Venus, pi. 11, f. 2.
Thylacodes squamigerus, Carp., var. pennuta, Morch., . 184
Marginatum (Csecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii,
143, t. 22, f. 3, 4, 1869, . . 222
Marmorata (Turritella), Kiener. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 23, t.
8, f. 4. = T. goniostoma, Val 198
Marmorata (Turritella), Ch., iv, p. 259, f. 1422.
= T. variegata, Linn. . . . . . . .199
Marmoratum (Csecum formulosum, var.), de Folin. Fonds
de -la Mer, viii, p. 124, 222
Masier (Vermetus), Desh. Anim. s. Vert., ix, 65, 1843, . 180
Massiliense (Ca3cum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 216
Mathilda, Semper. Jour, de Conch., xiii, 330, 1865, . 195, 210
Maxima (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 362, 1861, . . . . . . . .175
Maximum (Siphonium), Sowb. Tank. Cat., p. 23, 1825, .184
Maximus (Ouustus), Humphr. Cat., p. 28.
= Xenophora conchyliophorus, Born.
Meandrina (Xenophora), Fischer. Mas. DemidolT, p. 213-
214,1807. X. conchyliophorus, Born, . . .161
Mediterranea (Xenophora), Tiberi. Jour, de Conch., xi, p.
157, pi. vi, f. 1, 1863. = X. crispa, Konig, . . .160
Mediterraneum (Spirolidium), Costa. Microdoride Medi-
terr., p. 66, t. xi, f. 4, 1861. ? = C. Folini, B. D. D. 213, 223
Megacentro (Siphonium maximum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc.. p, 168, 1861, . . 184
Megamastum (Siphonium), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 153, 1861, 185
Meioceras, Carpenter. Zool. Proc., p. 438, 1858.
= S. G. of Caecum, Flem 214, 222
Melanioides (Mesalia), live. Conch. Icon., sp. 3, 1849, . 209
Melanosclera (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 174, 1861, . ...... 187
Melanostomus (Thylacodes), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
99, 1865, .183
Mesal (Turritella), Desh. Anim. s. vert., ix, p. 261.
= T. brevialis, Lam. 209
Mesalia, Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840, . . . 193, 209
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 243
PA^E.
Meta (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 34, 1849.
= T. variegata, Linn., var 199
Michaudii (Thylacodes), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 2,
f. 5, 181
Michelini (Cryptobia), Desh. Moll. He Reunion, pp. 65-67,
1863, , 191
Microcyclos (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 811, 1879, 219
Minima (Caecum variegatum, var.), de Folin. Fonds de la
Mer, viii, p. 120, t. 15, . . . . . . 222
Minor (Cornuoides), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.,
1827. = C. glabrum, young, 215
Minor (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. II Xat.
Sicil.,iv, p. 61, . . ... 172
Minutum (Dentalium), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed.xii, p. 1264.
= C. glabrum, Mont. . . . . . . .215
Minutum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p 40, 1807, . 216
Mirabile (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 45, 1867, . 220
Mirificum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 47, 1867, . 222
Mobii (Tenagodus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1865, p. 98, . 191
Modesta (Siliquaria), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 39.
Modestum (Caecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . . 216
Monile (Vermetus varians, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 339,
1861, ... . .170
Monilifera (Vermetus renisectus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 349,1861, 171
Monilifera (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,
p. 48, 1848, .205
Monstrosum (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 162, 311.
= C. firmatum, C. B. Ad . .217
Moreleti (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine et
Loire, xi, 1869, . . . . . ... 223
Moreletia, de Folin. In les Fonds de la Mer, i, p. 120.
= Parastrophia, de Folin.
Morchia, Mayer. Jour, de Conch., viii, 309, Aug. 1860 (non
A. Adams, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Apr., 1860).
= Burtinella, Morch.
Muhlenpfoidti (Thylacodes Riisei, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 69, 1862, ' .183
Multilirata (var. of Tenagodus Australis, Quoy), Morch.
Zool. Proc., 406, 1860, . . 189
Multilirata (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,
p. 47, 1848, 204
Muricata (Siliquaria), Born. Test. Caes. Vindobon, 446.
= S. anguina, Linn. ........ 190
Mutabile (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, 1869.
244 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PACK.
Natalensis (Thylacodes), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 70,
1862, 183
Nebulosa(Turritella),Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv.,p. 33, 1. 14, f. 2, 209
Nebulosum (Siphonium)', Dillw. II, p. 1076, No. 19, . . 184
Nerinaeoides (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
316, f. 6, 1856, 171
Nidificans (Vermiculus tortuosus,var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 1'70, 1861, ... 186
Nigricans (Vermetus lumbricalis, var.), Dall. Proc. Nat.
Mus., vi, p. 334. = Y. varians, d'Orb.
Nitidura Caecum), Stimp. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, 112, 222
Nitidum (Meioceras), Bean. Carpenter, Zool. Proc., 438,
1858, . . . . . . . . . .222
Nivea (Turritella), Anton. Yerzeich. der Conch., p. 61, . 209
Nivea (Turritella), Gray, MSS. Brit. Mus. ; Reeve, Conch.
Icon.,sp. 44, 1849, . . 196
Nodoso-rugosus (Yermetus), Lischkc. Mai. Blatt., xvi,
p. 106, .180
Nodulosa (Turritella), King. Zool. Journ., v,p,347,No. 56, 202
Novae-Hollandiae (Yermetus), Rousseau-. Chenu, 111. Conch.,
t. 1, f. 4 a. = Thylacodes sulcatus, Lam. . . .179
Novae-Zelandiae (Yermetus), Gray. Fig. of Moll., ii, p. 28,
t. 56, f. 6. = Cladopoda Zelandica, Q. and G. . .182
Obsoletum (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 426, 1858.
= C. trachea, var. . . . . . . . .219
Obsoletus (Turbo), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3612.
= T. Exoleta, Linn. .... ... 205
Obtusum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 317 ; Zool.
Proc., 421, 1858, 220
Obtusus (Tenagodus), Schum. Essai, p. 262, 1817, . . 189
Occlusa (Yermetus varians, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc , 339,
1861, ... 170
Occlusa (Yermetus subcancellatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 356, 1861 173
Occultum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin, p. 44, 1867, 219
Ochrea (Serpula), Gmelin. Syst. Nat, 3744.
?== Yermetus atra, Rouss. 180
Octagonum (Caecum heptagonum, var.), de Folin. Les
Meleagrin., p. 46, 1867, . . 222
Octosectus (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 317,
f. 8, 1856, 171
Odontina, Zborzewski. = Caecum, Fleming, 1834, . .213
Odontidium, Phil. = Caecum, Fleming, 1836, . . . 213
Opalina (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang, p.
48, 1848, 210
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 245
Operculatus (Serpulorbis\ Gray. Zool. Proc., 156, 1847.
= V. inopertus, Riippell, 182
Onustus, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn., 1197 ; H. and A. Adams,
Genera, 1,362, 1854, 157,162
Onustus (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 160. 1842.
= X. conch yliophorus, Born 161
Oi-cutti (Caecum), Dfcll. Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus., viii,541, 1885, 216
Orientals (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, vi, vii, p.
107, t. 11, f. 5, 6, 216
Oryzata (Thylacodes), Morch. Pro. Zool. Soc, p. 78, 1862, 183
Oxygona (Thylacodes grandes, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 81, 1862, 182
Pachylasma (Yermetus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 354,
1861, . 175
Pagoda (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 60, 1848, . 204
Pallidulus (Phorus), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 162, 1842, . 160
Panamensis (Vermetus), Rouss. Ohenu, Illus. Conch., t. 5,
f. la, 6. = Y. centiquadrus, Val., var. . . . 175
Panamensis (Serpula), Chenu. 111. Conch., t. 10, f. 5.
= V. pellucidus, var. crassa, 188
Panamensis (Serpula), Chenu. Illus. Conch., t. 10, f. 5.
=Vermiculus pellucidus, Brod. & Sowb., var. crassa, Morch.
Panormitanus (Vermetus), De Greg. Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital.,
x, p. 119, 1884, ... 177
Papillosa (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 60,
1862, 177
Papillosa (Turritella), Kien. Coq. Viv., t. 14, f. 3.
= T. nodulosa, King, 202
Papillosa (Siliquaria), Rees, Encyc. Chenu, Illus. Conch.,
t. 2, f. 16, . 191
Paradoxum (Caecum), de Folin. Jour, de Conch., p. 48, 1867, 218
Parastrophia, de Folin. In les Fonds de la Mer, i, p. 174,
1869; Jour, de Conch., 203, 1877.
= S. G. of Caecum, Flem 214,223
Parva (Torcula), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 174, t. 26, f. 17,
1877. T. cinguififera, Sowb.
Parvum (Caecum), C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 163, 311.
= C. undatum, Cpr 218
Parvulum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 40, 1867, 216
Pellucidus (Vermiculus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv,
p. 369, ........ .187
Penicillus, Grew. Mus. regal., p. 132 (non Rondelet).
= Yermicularia, Lam.
Pennata (Thylacodes squamigerus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 76. 1862, . . . . . . . .181
246 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
FAOE.
Permatum (Stephopoma), Morch. Jour, de Conch., p. 43,
1860, 185
Perforans (Stoa), M. de Serres. Ann. des Sci., v, p. 241, t.
8, f. 3-6, 1855. = Siphonium politura, Daudin, . . 184
Perlata (Yermetus varians, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
341, 1861, . .170
Peronii (Vermetns), Rouss. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 4, f. 6.
= Y. centiquadrns, Yal., var 175
Personata (Yermetus conicus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 341,1861, 170
Petaloconchus, Lea. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1843, t. 9, p.
229. = S. G, of Yermetus, Adanson, . . . 165,172
Petrsea (Bivonia), Monterosato. II Nat. Siciliano, iv, p.
61. = B. glomerata, Bivona.
Philippinensis (Thylacodes decussatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 75, 1862, . . ... 181
Philippensis (Turritella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p.
223, 1880, 208
Phorus, De Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 158, 1810.
= Xenophora, Fischer, 157
Pkronimum (Caecum), de Folio. Jour, de Conch., p. 44,
1867, .221
Picea (Yermetus renisectus, var.), Morck. Zool. Proc., p.
349, 1861, 171
Picta (Yermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morck. Zool. Proc., p.
178, 1861, 188
Pictum (Siphonium), Morck. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 161, . 185
Pinguis (Gegania), Jeffreys. 211, 1861.
Pinnicola (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
55, 1862.
Planorbis (Spiroglyphus\ Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 240, 1860, 178
Planorboides (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 59, 1862, . . 177
Planorboides (Yermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 177, 1861, 188
Planorboides (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 163, 1861.
Platyomphala (var. of Tenagodus Cumingii), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 405, 1860, 190
Platypus (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 157,
1861, 185
Plicaria (Serpula), Lam. Anim. sans Yert., Y, p. 619, No. 5, 185
Plicata (Mesalia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 123, 1855, . .210
Plicaturn (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 421, 1858, . . 2^0
Polaris (Turritella), Beck. Moller, Tnd. Moll. Groenl., 1842.
= T. erosa, Couth. 208
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 247
PAOB.
Pollicare (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 432, 1858, . . 220
Politus (Spiroglyphus), Daudin. Recueil, p. 49, 1801, .184
Pol} T gonus (Tenagodus), Blainv. Diet., xlix, p. 213, 1827.
= S. anguina, Linn. ........ 190
Polyphragma (Vermetus), Sassi. Jour. Ligur. Sc., v, 482,
1827, 175, 179
Ponderosus (Tenagodus), Morck. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860,
p. 409, 188
Porites (Thylacodes), Ronss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 2, f.
3, a, 6, c. ' (Not figs. d,e), 181
Porites (Vermetns), Rousseau (in part). Chenu, 111. Conch.,
t. f. 3, d, e. V. decussatus, Gmel., var. Isevigata.
Pntlonga (Siphonium maximum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 169, 1861, 184
Proboscis (Vermetus conicus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
343, 1861, 170
Protensa (Serpula), Dillw. II, p. 1085, No. 38, (not Gniel.).
= Thylacodes Rumphii, Gmel. . . ... . . 183
Protensus (Thylacodes), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3744, No. 20, 183
Proto, Defrance. Diet. sc. Nat. pi., 1825 ; xliii, 410, 1826.
= Turritella, Lam.
Protoma, Baird. Zool. Proc., p. 59, 1870, . . .194,210
Pseudophorus, Meek. = Xenophora, Fischer, . . . 157
Pulchellum (Caecum), Stimp. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
1851, ..... 217
Punctata (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 62,
1862, 177
Punctata (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 19, t. 11,
f. 3. = T. goniostoma, Val 1 98
Puncticulata (Turritella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., p. 253, 1870, 209
Pusilla (Turritella), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xvii, p. 184, 1856, .208
Pygmaeum (Caecum^, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, pp. 163, 311.
=.C. firmatum, C. B. Ad. . .... 217
Pyxipoma, Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 409.
= S. G. of Siliquaria, Brug 168, 191
Quadricarinata (Mathilda), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subap.,
375, 1814, 211
Quadrangularis (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 174, 1861, . . . . . . . 187
Quadrangulus (Vermiculus), Phil. Mke. Zeitsch, p. 17, No.
77,1848. =V. spiratus, Phil., var. quadrangularis, Morch, 187
Quadratnm (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 322,
Zool. Proo., 428,1858 217
Quoyi (Bivonia), H. and A. Ad. Gen., p. 359, t. 39, f. 3 a, . 176
248 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Radicula (Vermiculus), Stimp. Shells of N. England, p. 38,
= V. spiratns, Phil., var. . . . . . . .187
Radula (Turritella), Kien. Icon Coq. Viv., p. 13, t. 2, f. 1, 201
Ramosa, (Lemcntina selecta, var.), Monts. II Nat.
Siciliano, iv, p. 63, 183
Rastrum (Vermiculus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 180, 1861, 188
Reentzii (Tenagodus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 98, 1865. . 189
Regulare (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 428. 1858, . ' . 219
Regularis (Serpula), Chenu. 111. Conch., t. 10, f. 14.
= V; planorboides, Morch, ...... 188
Renisectus (Petaloconchus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 315,
f. 5, 1856. = Vermetus Adansonii, Daudin, var. Carpen-
ter, Morch, . 170
Renisectus (Vermetus), Carp. Var. Zool. Proc., 315, 1856,
Morch. Zool. Proc., 346, 1861, 170,171
Repens, (Vermetus contortus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 344,1861, . .171
Repens, (Thylacod'es dentiferus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 68, 1862.
Replicata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. edit., xii, 1239.
= T. duplicata, Linn, 207
Reticulata (Turritella), Migh. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iv,
p. 50, t. 4, f. 19, 1843, . . .208
Reticulatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.
1827. = Caecum annulatum, Brown, .... 220
Retifera (Vermetus conicus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
343, 1861, .... ... .170
Retusa (Mathilda), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., p. 6, f. 3,
= M. elegantissima, Costa, 210
Reversum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazat. Shells, p. 329, . 216
Riisei (Thylacodes), Morch. Zool. Proc., 69, 1862, . .183
Robusta (Xenophora), Verrill. Am. Journ. Sci., xlix, 226,
1870, . .161
Rosea (var. of Tenagodus incisus), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
409, 1860, 188
Rosea (var. of Siltquaria anguina), Linn. Monterosato,
Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital.,v, 224 189
Rosea (Turritella \ Quoy. Voy. del'Astr.,iii,t. 55, f. 24-26, 199
Rosea (Turritella), Mantell (not Quoy). Quar. Journ. Geol.
Soc., vi, t. 28, f. 16. = T. tricincta, Button, . . .209
Rosens (Stephopoma), Quoy and Gaim. Voy. cle 1'Astr., p.
300, t. (17, f. 20-24, 185
Rousssei (Vermetus;, Vaillant. Nouv. Archiv. du Museum,
1871, p. 197, .... . . 175
Rubella (Caecum elegans, var.), de Folin. Les Meleagrin.,
p. 45, 1867, . ' . . . . / . 219
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 249
PAGE.
Ruber (Tenagodus), Schum. Essai, p. 2G2, 1817.
= T. anguina, Linn. . . . . . . . .190
Rubescens (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 63, 1849, . 201
Rudis (var. of Tenagodas Cumingii), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
404, 1860, .-.--. . . .190
Rugoso (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 1(53,1861, . .184
Rugoso-squamosa (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 60, 1862, 177
Rugulosa (Creseis), Cantraine, p. 32.
= Caecum trachea, Mont. . . . . . . .219
Rugulosa (Vermiculus lumbricalis, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 173, 1861, 186
Rugulosum (Odontidiuui), Phil. Moll. Sic., i, p. 102, t. 6,
f. 20. = Caecum trachea, Mont. . . . . .219
Rumphii (Thylacodes), Blainv., 1828, 183
Runcinata (Turritella), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., p. 217, 208
Rupestris (Serpula), Risso. Eur. Mer., p. 204, No. 25.
= Bivonia triquetra, Bivon, var. pinnicola, . . .176
Ryssotitum (Caecum), de Folin. Jour, de Conch., p. 46, 1867, 218
Sangninea (Turritella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 27, 1849.
= T. goniostoma, Val 199
Sardinianum (Ca3cum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 231,
t. 19, f. 11, 12, 1869. = C. vitreum, Carp. . . . 215
Scaber (Thylacodes), Gravenh. Tergest., p. 55, No. 2, 1831.
Hab. unknown, . . . . . . . . .183
Scalariformis (var. of Tenagodus Australis, Quoy),. Morch.
Zool. Proc., 406, 1860, 189
Scahiris QTermiculas spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
174, ISfil 187
Scandens ( Siphonium maximum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 167,1861 184
Scaphitella (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 160,
1861.
Scaphitoides (Siphonium textum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc ,
p. 159,1861, .185
Scaphitoides (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Morch.
Zool. Proc., p. 327, 1861, 177
Scnlopendrina ( Yermetus subcancellatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., 35(5, 1861, .... ... 173
Searles-Woodii (Caecum), Cpr.-McAndr. Rep. Moll. N. E.
Atl. ? = C. elegantissimum, Carp., var. .... 218
Selecta (Lemintina), Monts. Enum. e Sin., p. 281, 1878.;
11 Nat. Sicil., iv, 63, 183
Semicinctum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 42, 1867, 219
250 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Semi-surrectus (Vermetus), Bivon. Nouv. Gen., p. 10, t. 2,
f. 3, 1832, 176
Semitrachea (Caecum), Brus. MS. Monts Na,t. Sicil., iv, 24, 220
Senegalensis (Siliquaria), Recluz. Morch., Zool. Proc.. 408,
18KO, . 188
Senegalensis (Xenophora), Fischer. Journ. de Conch., xxi,
123, 1873, . 1GO
Senegambianum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, W.
Africa, 222
Senticosum (Stephopoma), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc.,p. 150,
1861, . ' 185
Sepimentum (Caacum), de Folin. Les Fonds de la Mer, i,
p. 84, pi. 6,f. 7, . . . . . . . . 222
Sequenzianus (Vermetus), Aradas and Benoit. Conch. Sicil.,
p. 151, 1870, . .... 176
Serpulina (Bivonia triquetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
56, 1862, 176
Serpuloides, Gray. Fig. of Moll., iv, p. 83, 1850.
= Thylacodes, Guett. . 166
Serpulorbis, Sassi. Journ. Ligur. Genes, T, 482, 1827.
= Thylacodes, Guett, 164, 166
Serpulus, Montf. Conch. Syst, p, 22, 1810.
= Thylacodes, Guett, 166
Serrata (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 162, 1861, 184
Siliquaria, Brugniere. Encyc. Meth., i, p. xv, 1789, . 168, 188
Siliquarius, Montf. Conch. S3 7 st., ii, 38, 1810.
= S. G. of Siliquaria, Brug.
Sinensis (Mathilda), Fischer. Jonrn. de Conch., p. 304, t. 9,
f. 3, 1867, . . .211
Sinensis (Xenophora), Ph. Funfter Jahresber. des Ver.
Natur. Kassel, 8, 1841. = Onustus calculifera, Rve. . 159
Sinuata (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 62, 1849, . 200
Sipho (Vermetus), Rousseau. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 4, f. 3,
upper; Morch, Zool. Proc., 364, 1861.
= V. Roussaei, Vaillant. -
Sipho (Vermetus), Lam. Anim. s. vert., v, 367, 175, 180, 183
Sipho (Vermetus), " Lam." Blainv., Diet. Sci., 1828.
= Thylacodes Masier, Desh. . . . . . .180
Siphonata (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 363, 1861 175
Siphonium, Gray. Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, 82, . .164,183
Siphonium, " Browne." Morch, Jour, de Conch., vii, 353.
= Siphonium, Grajr. . . . . . . . .167
Smithii (Caecum), Cooper. Proc. A. N. S., 154, 1872.
= Caecum Cooperi, Smith, ...... 221
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 251
Smithia, von Maltzan. Nachrichts. der Deutsch. Malak.
Gesell., p. 97, July, 1883, . .192
Solarinus (Vermiculus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 171,
1861, . . . . ' 188
Solarioides (Xenophora), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 8, 1843, . 159
Solaris (Xenophora), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1229, . 162
Solaris (Trochus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., v, 127.
= X. Indica/Gmelin.
Solidissima (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis,var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 328, 1861, . . ... 177
Soluta (Vermetus subcancellatus, var.), Monts. II Nat.
Siciliano, p. 61, .... .... 172
Soraeri (Brochina,) de Folin. Journ. de Conch., p. 56, 1867, 216
Sophise (Turritclla), Braz. Proc. Linn. Sinn. Soc. N. S. W.,
viii,p. 227, 1883, 208
Spectrum (Turritella), Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 40, 1849.
= T. terebra, Linn., var. . . . . . . .195
Spina (Turritella), Crosse and Fisch. Journ. de Conch.,
p. 347, 1864 .209
Spinosa (Siphonium subcrenatum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 159, 1861, . .... 185
Spinosum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, ii, p. 84,
t. 3, f. 1, . . 222
Spiralis (Tenagodus),Risso. Hist., p. 115, No. 277, 1826, .191
Spiralis (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var. ), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 328, 1861, 177
Spiratus (Vermiculus), Phil. Archiv fiir Naturg.,244, 1835, 187
Spiroglyphus, Daudin. Recueil, p. 39, 1800, 164, 166, 170, 177
Spirorbis (Serpula) /9, Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3740.
= Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, De Serres, var. immersa,
Morch.
Spirorbis (Bivonia triqnetra, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
55, 1862, 176
Spirorbis (Spiroglyphus), Sowb. Man., f. 8, . . . 178
Spiruliformis (Spiroglyphus , De Serres. Ann. des Sci., iv,
p. 241, t. 8c,f. 1, 1855, '. .... 177
Squamata (Siliquaria), Blainv. Diet, des Sci. Nat., t. 49, f.
213. = S. anguina, Linn .190
Squamigerus (Vermetus), Carp. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 226,
1865, 181
Squamosa (Turritella), Borson. = T. qnadricarinata.
Squamulosa i Siphonium subcrenatum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 157, 1861, 185
Stephopoma, Moerch. Journ.de Conch., 1860, p. 42, 164, 167,185
Stramonitffi (Spiroglyphus), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 330,
1861, 178
252 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAQB.
Strangulatum (Caecum"), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 44,
1867, .219
Strebloceras, Carpenter. Zool. Proc., p. 440, 1858.
= S. G. of Caecum, Flem 214, 223
Stoa, M. de Serres. Annales des Sciences Nat., iv, p. 238,
1855. = Siphonium, Gray, and Spiroglyphus, Dauclin,166, 167
Striatum ^Caecum), Folin. Fonds der la Mer, i, 49, 170, t.
5, f. 3, 220
Striatus (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great Brit.,
1827. = Caecum trachea, Mont 219
Strigata (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc. p. 60,
1862, ... .177
Strigosum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8, f. 5,
Journ. Linn. Soc., x, 261, ....... 215
Suave (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds cle la Mer, viii, 1869.
Subacuta (Caecum semicinctum, var.), de Folin. Les
Meleagrin., p. 42,1867, . . .219
Subangulata (Turritella), Monts. (not Brocc.)
= T. decipiens, Monts. . . . . . . . 205
Subannulatuin (Strebloceras), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 807,
1879, .... 223
Subannulatum (Brochina), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p.
230, t. 39, f. 9, 10, 1869, 218
Subcancellatus (Vermetus), Bivon. Cat. 12, . . . 172
Subcrenatum (Siphonium), Lam. Anim. S. Vert., v,p. 370,
1818, . 185
Subdecussata (Siphonium subcrenatum, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 158, 1861, 185
Subflavum (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 810, 1879, . 216
Subgranosa (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 180, 1861, . . .188
Subgranosum (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
165, 1861, .184
Subimpressum (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p.
320, Zool. Proc., 424, 1858, ... . 217
Subinflexum (Meioceras). de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p.
165, t. 23, f. 8, . .223
Subornata (Caecum vitrea, var.), de Folin. Fonds dela Mer,
viii, p. 142, 1869, 222
Subornatum (Caecum laeve, var.), de Folin. Fonds de la
Mer, 1869, 215
Subquadratum (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 433, 1858, 216
Subspirale (Caecum), Carp. Cat. Mazatlan Shells, p. 315,
Zool. Proc., 419, 18f>8 . .220
Subsquamosa (Turritella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 152, . 209
Succineum (Caecum), de Folin. Zool. Proc., p. 810, 1879, . 216
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 253
PAGE.
Sulcata (Caecum) formulosum, var., de Folin. Fonds de la
Mer, viii, p. 1H4, 1869, . . 222
Sulcata (Siliquaria), Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847.
= Tenagodus aiigiiinus, Linn. ...... 190
Sulcatus (Thvlacodes), Lam. Anim. S. Yert., v, p. 367,
No. 22, 1818, 180
Sulcatus (Mesalia), Gray. Syn. Brit. Mus., 1842.
= M. brevialis, Lam. ........ 209
Sutilis (Bivonia), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 58, 1862, . 177
Superbum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 44, 1867, 219
Suturalis (Mesalia), Forbes. Rep. J2g. Inv., p. 189, 1843.
= T. brevialis, Lam 173,209
Suturalis (Yermetus subcancellatus, var), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 356, 1861, ... .... 172
Symmetrica (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll. X.
Zeal., p. 30. = T. tricincta, Hutton, . . 209
Syriacum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p.
114, t. 11, f. 7,8,1869, .222
Tteniata (var. of Tenagodus Australia, Quoy), Morch.
Zool. Proc., 406, 1860, 189
Tamiatum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 43, 1867, 219
Tachyrhynchus, Morch. Am. Jour. Conch , iv, 46, 1868.
= Turritellopsis, Sars 193
Tahitensis (Tenagodus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 410, 1860, .191
Tasmanica (Turritella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tasmania, p. 140, 1876, . . . . . . . .209
Tasmanica (Turritella). Rve. Conch. Icon., sp. 42, 1849, . 203
Tenagodus, Guett. Mem., 1774, p. 128.
= Siliquaria, Brug.
Tenerum (Meioceras), de Folin. Ann. Soc. Linn. Maine
et Loire, xi, 1869, .... ... 223
Tennis (Thylacodes decussatus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 85, 1862, 181
Tenuis (Vermetus cereus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 352,
1861, 172
Tenuisculpta (Turritella), Cpr. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
hi, p. 216, 1865. = T. acicula, Stimp 207
Terebra (Turritella). Don. Brit. Shells, t. 22, f. 2, dext.
= T. variegata, Linn 199
Terebra (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1239, . 195
Terebra (Turritella), Linn. Fauna Succica, 2171.
= T. commimis, Risso 197
Tereduln (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 155,1861, 185
Teres (Caecum), Carp. Zool. Proc., 434, 1858, . . .216
254 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Teres (Ycrraiculus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
175, 1861.
Teres (Vermiculus him brie alia, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 173, 1861, . ... . 186, 187
Tetranemia, Morch. Jour, de Conch., 1858, p. 353.
= S. G. of Thylacodes, Guett 166
Tex turn (Siphonium), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 159, 1861, 185
Thylacodes, Guettard. Mem., iii, 143, 152, 1774, . .179
Thylacodes, Morch. Jour, de Conch., p. 48, i860.
= Sect, of Vermetus, Adans 1G4
Tigrina (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Yiv., p. 29, t. 4, f. 2, 199
Tigrina (Vermiculus pcllucidus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 179, 1861, . . . . . . ... .188
Torcula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 155, 1847, . . . .193
Torcularis (Turbo), Born. Mas., 358, t. 13, f. 8.
= Turritella exolota. Linn 205
Torquatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 8, f.
2,3; Jour. Linn. Soc., x, 262 219
Tortuosus (Vermiculus), Solander. Portland Catal.,p. 184,
No. 3939 186
Torulosa (Turritella), Kien. Icon. Coq. Viv., p. 18, t. 6, f. 3, 201
Tostus (Tenagodus), Morch. Proc Zool. Soc., p. 405, 1860, 190
Trachea (Dentalium), Montagu. Test. Brit., ii, p. 497, t. 14,
f. 10, . . . 219
Trachea (Orthocera), Flem. Hist. Brit. An., p. 237, 1828.
= Caecum annulatum. Brown, ...... 220
Trachiformis (Brochus), Brown. Recent Conch. Great
Brit., p. 124, t. 50, f. 10, 1827. = Caecum trachea, Mont., 219
Tricarinata (Turritella), Brocchi. = T. triplicata. Studer., 197
Tricarinata (Turritella), King. Zool. Jour., v, 346.
= T. cingulata, Sowb . . 200
Tricincta (Turritella), Button. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal.,
13, 1873, 209
Tricingulata (Turritella), Anton. Verzeich. der Conch. ,p. 61 , 209
Tiicostata ((Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, p. 213-
214,1807. = X. conchyliophorus, Born. . . . 161
Tricuspe (Stephopoma), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 150,
1861, . . .185
Triornatum (Caecum \ de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Triplicata (Turritella), Studer. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, p. 190,
1836, . . .197
Triqueter (Yermetus), var. C. Bivona, Nouv. genre do
Moll., p. 11, 1832. = Dofania gregaria, Monts.
Triquetra (Vermetus), Morch. Zool. Proc., 165, 1861.
= V. subgnmosus, Morch, var. . . . . .184
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 255
PAGE.
Triquetra (Bivonia), Bivona. Nuov. Gen., 11, 1832, . . 176
Triquetra ^Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p. 61,
1862, ... 176
Triquetra (Bivonia sutilis, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., 58,
1862, ... 177
Trisuleata (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ix, p. 256, , 201
Trochicola (Spiroglyphua annulatus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 332, 1861, .... ... 178
Trochiformis (Xenophora), Born. Index Mus. Cses., 355.
= X. conchy liophor us, Born. ...... 161
TYochlea (Mathilda), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, 165, 1875, . 211
Trochlearis (Tenagod us), Morch. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p.
408, 189
Tubulosa (Spiroglyplms gloraeratus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 334, 1861, 178
Tubulostium. Stoliczka. Pal. Ind., 237, 1868, . . .167
Tuo-uri urn, Fischer. Kiener's Trochidae, 450, 1880, . 157, 161
Tulipa (Vermetus centiquadrus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 363,1861, . 175
Tumidissimum (Meioceras), de Folin. Annales Soc. Linn.,
Maine et Loire, xi, 1869 223
Turboides (Siphonium nebulosum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 162,1861 184
Turboides (Serpula), Chieregh. Venez., 1847.
= Siphonium gaederopi, Morch.
Turboides (Siphonium pictum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 161,1861, . 185
Turbona (Turritella), Monts. Ann. del Mus. de Geneva, ix,
p.. 420, 1877, . 197
Turonius (Thylacodes), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 4,
f. 44, .183
Turritella, Lamarck. Prodr., 74, 1799, . 192,193,195
Turritella (Vermetus), Rouss. Chenu, Illus. Conch., t. 14,
f- 3, . . . . . . . . . . .188
Turritellopsis, Sars. Moll. Reg. Arct. Nouv., 186, 1878, -. 193
Tulaxodes, Guett. Mem. iii, pp. 143-152, 1774.
= Thylacodes, Guett.
Uncinatum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 47, 1867, 222
Undatum (Caecum), Carp. Rep., t. 9, f. 1.; Zool. Proc., 430,
1858, . 213
Undulosum (Meioceras), de Folin. Annales Soc. Linn.,
Maine et Loire, xi, 1869, 223
Unguiculata (Siphonium textum, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 160,1861, 185
256 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAOB.
Ungulina (Vermiculus spiratus, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc.,
p. 174, 1861, . . . 187
Ungulina (Turritella), Loven. Ind. Moll. Skand, 153.
= T. comraunis, Risso, . . . . . . .197
Ungulina (Turritel'a), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12th Edit., p. 1240, 19G
Unicostalis (Vermiculus tortuosus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 170, 1861, . 186
Validum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 40, 1867, . 216
Taria (Turritella), Kien. Spec. Nr., 34, t. 2, f. 3, . . 209
Varians (Vermetus),d'0rb. Voy. Amer. Mer. pi. 54, f. 7-10, 170
Variegata (Bivonia Quoyi, var.), Morch. Zool. Proc., p.
62/1862 177
Tariegata (Turritella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 12 ed.. p. 1240, . 198
Variegatum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, viii, p.
120, 1869, t. 15, f. 3, 4, 222
Venustum (Caecum), de Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 43, 1867, 219
Veracruzanum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . 216
Yermetus, Gray. Gould, Adams, Stimpson, Carpenter (non
Adanson). = Vermiculariu. Lam. ..... 165
Vermetus, Ad;mson. Hist. Sen., 161, 1757, . .165,169
Yermicella (Yermetus), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., v, 3C5, 1818, 173
Vermicularia, Lam. Prodr., 1799; Syst., 1801, . . 168, 186
Vermiculus, Lister. Hist. Conch., t. 548, 1688, . . .164
= Vermiculus, Lam. . . . . . . .164
Yermium (Tubulus), Petiv. Gazophyl. Amb., t. 21, f. 18.
= Thylacodes Rumphii, Blainv 183
Yestitum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . 222
Yicinum (Caecum), de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, . . . 222
Yiolaceo-t'usca (Thylacodes colubrina, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 72, 1862, . . . 180
Yirginiana (Turritella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., iii, p. 259, . 220
Vitreum (Caecum), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 142, . . 222
Yitreum (Caecum), Carp. McAndr., Rep. Moll. N. E. Atl ,
Br. Assoc., 1856, . . 215
Yittata (Turritella), Hutton. Cat. Marine Moll N. Zeal.,
p. 29, 1873, . . . 208
Yittulata (Turritella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p.
48, 1848, ... 204
Yolubilis (Vermiculus pellucidus, var.), Morch. Zool.
Proc., p. 178, 1861 . .188
Yolvox (Serpula), Dillw., p. 1079, No. 26.
= Tenagodus anguinus, Linn. . . . . .190
Vortex (Spiroglyphus Spiruliformis, var.), Mcirch. Zool.
Proc., p. 327, 1861, 177
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 257
PAGE.
Yulcanica (Xenophora), Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, p. 213-
214, 1807. = X. conchyliophorus, Born. . . .161
Wagneri (Xenophora), Ph. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 345.
= X. Indicus, Gmelin 162
Watsonia, Folin. Zool. Proc., 807, 1879.
= S. G. of Caecum, Flem 214, 223
Weldii (Tenagodus), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Soc. Tasmania,
1875, p. 144, 191
Woodwardi (Yermetus renisectus, var.), Carp. Proc. Zool.
Soc., p. 316, 1856, 171
Xenophora, Fischer. Museum Demidoff, iii, p. 213, 1807,
157,159
Yucatecanum (Turritella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
ix, p. 93, . .... 208
Zaria, Gray. Zool. Proc., 155, 1847, .... 193, 207
Zelandica (Cladopoda, Yermetus), Q. and G. Yoy. de
1'Astr., p. 293, t. 67, f. 16-17, 182
17
FAMILY EULIMID^.
Animal with slender, subulate tentacles and eyes sessile at
their outer bases, proboscis retractile, invaginate, when extended
very long, mouth without jaw or radula ; foot elongated, pro-
duced in front, mantle with anterior rudimentary siphonal fold.
Shell small, generally elongated, subulate or turriculated,
shining, polished, with spire usually curved or distorted; aper-
ture oval, pyriform, entire, with simple lip, the columellar margin
more or less thickened. Operculum corneous, paucispiral, some-
times absent.
This family, together with the Turbinellidae and Pyramidellidse
which follow it in the present volume of monographs, constitutes
the division Gymnoglossa of Gray, including proboscidit'erous
mollusks having no radula ; the Solariidne and Cancellariidge, also
originally included therein, have radulae and are otherwise related
more closely to different groups.
But little is known of the animals of these little shells ; it is
not certain, but probable that the sexes are separated. They
creep with the foot much in advance of the head, which is usu-
ally concealed within the aperture of the shell, the tentacles only
protruding. They are more or less parasitic on sea-urchins,
holothurians, etc. The small size of the shells, absence of color
in most of the groups, and of sculpture, make the discrimination
of species somewhat difficult.
The Eulimidse have been monographed by Arthur Adams,
Thes. Conchyliorum, ii, 793-805. G. B. Sowerby, Reeve's Con-
chologia Iconica, xv, 78 species, 1866.
Synopsis of Genera.
Genus EULIMA, Risso, 1826.
Shell imperforate, subulate, many-whorled, polished, porcel-
lanous, spire usually curved or twisted to one side, bearing on
one side only, a series of varices forming ribs internally and
marking the position of successive mouths, apex acute ; aperture
oval, entire, pointed above, rounded below, the lip simple, a little
(258)
259
thickened, columellar margin reflected. Operculum corneous,
paucispiral, the nucleus near the inner lip.
Animal with subulate tentacles, approaching at the base, e}^es
large, nearly sessile, foot truncated in front, mentum bilobed,
opercular lobe winged on each side, branchial plume single.
Over fifty species have been described, from tropical and
temperate seas. The genus appeared earty in the secondary and
became abundant in forms during the Tertiary period.
The foot of Eulima secretes a mucous filament which assists
to sustain it in the water. The parasitism of several species has
been observed. E. distorta lives in the interior of Holothuria
intestinalis upon the coast of Norway; several species have
been captured in the intestines of Holothurians at the Philippine
Islands, and one of them insinuates itself so deepty in the integu-
ments of the Holothuria that only the summit of its spire remains
exposed ; at New Caledonia they have been observed attached
to Asterise.
The synonyms are Pasithea, Lea (in part), 1833, and Balds,
Leach, 1847. Monterosato has proposed two sections Vitreolina
and Acicularia, for some of the Mediterranean species. The
first contains the small vitreous species without internal varices,
with curved spire and slightly obtuse apex ; the second has the
apex acute, the shell white, the internal varices occasional.
Subgenus SUBULARIA, Monterosato, 1884.
Shell subulately turriculated ; whorls a little flattened on the
side, smooth, polished, often ornamented with spiral colored
bands, a succession of slight varices on each side of the spire,
not always apparent ; aperture oblong, narrow, entire ; inner lip
thickened, a little sinuous in the middle, outer lip sharp, flexuous.
I reluctant!}' use the above name in preference to the better
known one of Leiostraca, H. and A. Adams, 1853, on account of
Liostracus, Albers, 1850.
Section HALIELLA, Monterosato, 1878. Animal blind.
Subgenus BACULA, H. and A. Adams, 1863.
Differs from Eulima in having spiral striae, and the columella
twisted back so as to form an acute angle at the base of the
aperture. Arcuella, Nevill, 1874, is a synonym.
260
Subgenus APICALTA, A. Adams, 1862.
Shell solid, spire twisted with decidedly mucronated apex,
aperture oblong.
Subgenus MUCRONALIA, A. Adams, 1862.
Shell subulate, straight, often colored, pupoidal, with mu-
cronate apex ; aperture oval-oblong.
The distinction between this group and Apicalia is a very
slight one.
Subgenus SELMA, A. Adams, 1864.
Shell oblong-ovate, subdiaphanous ; spire short ; last whorl
large ; aperture elongately ovate ; columella arcuate, obliquely
subplicate.
Subgenus STYLIFERINA, A. Adams, 1860.
Shell oval-conic, diaphanous, thin, smooth ; whorls numerous ;
apex mucronate, nucleus sinistral ; aperture subquadrangular.
Parasitic on Asteria and Ophiura.
Subgenus LAMBERTIA, Souverbie, 1869.
Shell pu pi form, white, very smooth, polished ; spire mucro-
nate, cylindrical, the summit mamillated ; whorls few ; aperture
semilunar, peristome continuous ; the outer lip sharp, the inner
lip a little reflected at the base, columella slightly twisted.
Operculum unknown.
Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867.
Shell small, oval, imperforate, white*, shining, summit mamil-
lated ; lip and columella thick.
Resembles Macrocheilus in miniature, and is, perhaps, more
nearly related to Stylifer.
Subgenus EULIMOPSIS, Brugnone, 1880.
A fossil group ; the base concentrically striate, whorls scarcely
convex, suture distinct, aperture subrhomboidal, lip sinuous,
columella twisted, base subchanneled.
E. CARMEL.E, Brugn. Pliocene, Sicily. (Struct, and Syst.
Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 84.)
Subgenus IOPSIS, Gabb., 1873.
Shell very small, smooth, polished, spire elevated, suture
nearly obsolete, columella slightly twisted, forming an imperfect
EULIMID^E. 261
basal channel. E. FUSIFORMIS, Gabb. Tertiary, West Indies.
(Struct, and Syst. Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 86.)
Genus SCALENOSTOMA, Desh., 1863.
Im perforate, turriculated, surface not enameled, suture mar-
gined ; whorls numerous, the last with carinated periphery ;
aperture subtrigonal, entire, a little arcuated, columella simple,
rectilinear, forming an angle at its junction with the lip, lip
obliquely, deeply notched near the suture.
Isle of Bourbon.
Subgenus SUBEULIMA, Souverbie, 1875.
Shell much twisted, not enameled, whorls margined at the
suture and with a series of varices on the right side, as in
Eulima,\&st whorl with carinated periphery, but the lip without
superior sinus.
New Caledonia.
Genus NISO, Risso, 1826.
Shell deeply umbilicated, turriculated, many whorled, polished,
apex acute ; w r horls slightly convex, the last with angulated
periphery, aperture angulated above and below. Operculum as
in Eulima.
China, Philippines, W. America.
Bonellia, Desh., 1838, and Janella, Grat., 1838, are S3 T non} T ms.
Section VOLUSIA, A. Adams, 18G1.
Shell longitudinally ribbed.
Section PAL^ONISO, Gemmellaro, 1878.
Shell thicker, more dilated at the base, more pupoidal in form,
lip with a slight posterior sinus. Secondary. N. pupoides,
Gemm. Lias.
Genus HOPLOPTERON, Fischer, 1876.
Shell very small, imperforate, elongate-turreted, shining, with
obtuse summit ; suture linear ; whorls continuous, the earlier
ones smooth, rather flattened, the others bearing on each side a
long, triangular, wing-like varix ; aperture rounded oval, entire,
lip simple, sharp.
China.
The minuteness of this shell and its bizarre appearance suggest
that it is embryonic. It is only T15 mill. long.
262 EULIMHXE.
Genus STYLIFER, Broderip, 1832.
Imperforate, hyaline, thin, ovoid or elongated, smooth, pol-
ished ; whorls numerous, apex very sharp, sometimes bent,
nucleus sinistral, last whorl globular; aperture suboval, inner
lip smooth, arcuated, outer lip slightly sinuous, thin, simple. No
operculum.
Body ciliated ; tentacles slender, subulate, with eyes sessile at
their outer bases ; mantle reflected upon and more or less sur-
rounding the shell, forming a siphonal lobe on the right side ;
foot linguiform, narrow, tubular in front, where it extends much
beyond the head, attenuated behind, with a median groove below ;
verge sharp, elongated, resembling a tentacle.
About twenty species are known from warm seas.
Stylina, Fleming, 1828 (Gray), is a synonym.
Stylifer is commensal or parasitic in its habits, occurring on
Echinoderms ; some are found in the teguments of Asteriae,
others on the upper face of the shells of Echini, between the
spines, and generally near the anal opening ; S. Orbignyanus
lodges itself in a spine of Cidaris, which becomes deformed in
growth, forming an interior cell containing a pair of Sty lifers
and some young ones, the cell having a small mouth on either
side ; other species are obtained from Holothurians, Comatulae,
etc.
The species mentioned above, inhabiting the spines of Cidaris,
appears to be viviparous, but S. Turtoni, on the contrary, is
oviparous. Those which live upon the external surface of their
host are probably commensal rather than truly parasitic.
How does the S. Orbignyanus obtain nourishment?
Subgenus CYTHNIA, Carpenter, 1864.
Imbedded in star fishes like Stylifer , from which it is distin-
guished by its normal nuclear whorls, and thin concentric oper-
culum. W. Coast of N. America.
Subgenus PLICIFER, H. Adams, 1868.
Imperforate, ovately subulate, not shining ; spire styliform,
nucleus sinistral, columella plicate ; lip flexuous, sinuate behind,
aperture entire in front. Found on coral, at Ceylon ; the shell
resembles Leptoconchus in texture.
263
[Genus ENTOCONCHA, J. Miiller, 1852.
Shell obovate, smooth ; spire short, very obtuse, apex not
elevated, whorls rapidly increasing ; aperture transverse, semi-
lunar, angulated above, rounded below, width almost equaling
the height, margins disunited, the columellar margin straight.
Operculum non-spiral. E. MIRABILIS, Miiller.
Found parasitic in Sinapta digitata, one of the Holothuriidae,
at Trieste. A larval mollusk, sometimes referred to the present
group, but now placed, doubtfully, with the Nudibranchiata].
Genus EUCHRYSALIS, Laube, 1866.
Small, thin, pupoid, attenuated at its extremities; whorls
numerous, short, smooth, suture shallow ; aperture long, narrow,
the lip sharp and thin, columella terminated by an indication of
a siphon. Silurian Cretaceous; Europe, India.
Subgenus MITCHELLTA, de Koninck, 1877.
Shell elongated, cylindrical-conic, many whorled ; aperture
long, extremely narrow, sinuous, attenuated at its extremities,
rostrated and prolonged but not canaliculated in front ; peris-
tome continuous, the lips subparallel, outer lip reflected ; surface
spirally striated. Devonian, Australia. The type is sinistral.
Genus MACROCHEILUS, Phillips, 1841.
Shell thick, imperforate, ventricose, aperture effuse below,
outer lip thin, columella callous, slightly tortuous and plicate in
front.
Devonian Carboniferous. M. SCHLOTHEIMII, d'Arch. (Struct,
and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 91).
The synonym}' includes Polyphemopsis, Portlock ; Plectostylus,
Conrad ; Macrochilina and Duncania, Bayle, 1879.
Subgenus PASITHEA, Lea (Restricted), 1833. ,
Spire short, last whorl ventricose. Rather more slender and
cylindrical than the typical Macrocheilus. M. CLAIBORNENSIS,
Lea. Eocene ; Alabama.
Genus BOURGUETIA, Desh., 1871.
Shell large, turreted ; spire long, pointed ; whorls convex, spi-
rally striated or grooved, last whorl large ; mouth oval, angular
behind, widened and rounded below. B. STRiATA,Sowb., Jurassic.
264 EULIMID.E.
Genus LOXONEMA, Phillips, 1841.
Shell elongated, many-whorled ; aperture simple, attenuated
above, effused below, with a sigmoidal edge to the outer lip ;
spire interiorly septate.
Like many other palaeozoic genera, the bad condition of many
of the species and the variation in form and sculpture render it
difficult to place it properly in a systematic work ; some of the
species might go into Turbonillidae, others appear closely allied
to Chemnitzia, and might even be synonymous with it. Michelia,
Romer, and Holopella, Sandberger (in part), are synonyms.
L. COSTATUM, Sandb. (Struct, and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 97).
Genus STROBEUS, de Koninck, 1881.
Shell small, smooth, spire sharp, of 5-7 convex whorls ; mouth
long-oval, outer lip sharp, inner lip callous, with an anterior fold.
Dist. 3 sp. Carboniferous, Belgium.
Genus ORTHONEMA, Meek and Worthen, 1861.
Shell elongate, many-whorled, with revolving carinse, crossed
by nearly straight growth-lines ; aperture angular above, slightly
effuse below, lip simple, nearly straight; axis imperforate.
Devonian and Carboniferous, United States.
Allied to Loxonema, but has distinct revolving carinae, and
wants the sigmoid outer lip of that genus.
Genus RIGAUXIA, Cossmann, 1885.
Shell narrowly elongated, nearly cylindrical, spirally striate;
aperture rounded in front, lip a little sinuous above, inner lip
thickened behind and separated from the columella in front by
a groove. Fossil, Bathonian.
Genus CL1MACINA, Gemmellaro, 1878.
Shell imperforate, many-whorled, elongated, very finely longi-
tudinally striated ; aperture oval, rounded in front, lip simple.
C. CATHERINE, Gemm. Lias.
Genus SUBULITES, Conrad, 1842.
Shell fusiform, spire 'produced ; volutions convex, the last
large ; columella bent and truncated at the base, where it is
separated from the outer lip by a notch as in Achatina ; outer
EULLMID^E. 265
lip very slightly notched near the upper end ; surface of shell
smooth. Palaeozoic 4 , United States.
Buhmella,of Hall (not Pfeiffer) ; 5aZw0rpfca,Whitfield,1882,
and Polyphemopsis, Portlock (in part), are synonyms.
Genus FUSISPIRA, Hall, 1872.
This Silurian group, which I have placed in Buccinidae, may
possibly belong here.
F. VENTRICOSA, Hall (Struct, and Syst. Conch., ii, 141 , t. 51, f. 50).
Genus CHEMNITZIA, d'Orb., 1850.
Shell comparatively large, elongate conical ; spire many-
whorled, the last rather large, somewhat produced below ; aper-
ture ovate, somewhat effuse at base, peristome not continuous,
outer lip sharp, sinuous at or above the middle, columella smooth,
imperforate ; surface longitudinally striate or costate, sometimes
decussated, rarely nodular. Secondary and Tertiary. C. CON-
DENSATA, Desh. (Struct, and Syst. Conch., ii, t. 68, f. 96).
The recent shells known as Chemnitzia,and which were origi-
nally included by d'Orbigny in his diagnosis of 1839, are referred
to Turbonilla, Risso ; they are smaller, ribbed, and do not possess
the broad posterior lip-sinus of the fossil group.
Section CHEMNITZIA (restricted).
Shell lengthened, with cross ribs ; mouth oval, rounded or
angular in front; spire straight or slightly curved, somewhat
callous ; outer lip sharp.
Section RHABDOCONCHA, Gemellaro, 1878.
Whorls striate or ribbed longitudinally, sometimes punctate
or tuberculate.
Section PSEUDOMELANIA, Pictet et Campiche, 1862.
Shell elongated, thick; whorls smooth, with fine curved growth-
lines ; mouth rounded or angular in front ; spire straight or
slightly curved.
Section OONIA, Gemellaro, 1878.
Shell egg-shaped, smooth, with growth-lines ; last whorl large ;
mouth oval, rounded in front; spire slightly curved.
Section MICROSCHIZA, Gemellaro, 1878.
Shell usually with cross ribs; narrowly perforate; whorls
266 EULIMA.
sharp, mostly scalar! form ; mouth oval, rounded in front ; inner
lip and spire callously thickened.
Section BAYANIA, Munies-Chalmas, 1877.
Shell elongated, spire sharp, earlier whorls reticulated, the
last generally smooth, or feebly sculptured, basal lip subsinuous.
About twenty Eocene and Miocene species.
Genus EULIMA, Risso, 1826.
Section EULIMA (sensu stricto).
E. GRANDIS, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 89.
Solid, opaque; whorls 15, rather flat, with lateral continuous
varices, last whorl angulated on the periphery. Length, 40 mill.
Island of Burias, Philippines.
E. MARTINII, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 90.
Whorls numerous, flattened, with varices obliquely impressed,
obliquely continuous to the apex, last whorl rather angular on
the periphery. Length, 35 mill.
China Sea; Singapore.
Reeve gives St. Helena as locality, which requires confirmation.
E. CANDIDA, Marrat. PL 68, figs. 91, 92.
Whorls numerous, short, somewhat rounded, the varices im-
pressed forming a continuous oblique line not reaching the apex.
Length, 44 mill.
Formosa.
A stouter species than the preceding, with shorter whorls, not
angulated on the periphery ; the varix-line does not extend to
the apex.
E. MAJOR, Sowb. PL 68, figs. 93, 94.
Spire more or less curved to the right, often with a sutural
band, very highly polished, white, sometimes blotched or clouded
with chestnut or bluish chocolate, varix-line impressed, contin-
uous. Length, 37 mill.
Tahiti, Sandwich Is., Mauritius.
E. arcuata, Sowb. (fig. 94), is a much curved specimen ; inter-
mediate degrees of curvature are before me. Phasianella inflexa,
Blainv., is possibly this species.
EUL1MA. 267
E. FLEXUOSA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 95.
Whorls 15, flattened, with a semitransparent sutural line, the
last whorl rounded, aperture broadly oval, outer lip flexuously
produced in the middle. Length, 31 mill.
Hab.?
Very close to the preceding species, but the aperture is more
rounded, and the spire is slightly curved to the left above.
E. PICTA, Sowb. PL 68, fig. 98.
Solid, pyramidal; whorls 11, slightly convex, those near the
apex white, the last very obtusely angular, painted above the
angle with an obscure interrupted rose-colored band.
Length, 1 inch.
Habitat unknown
E. CUMINGII, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 96.
Whorls 13, a little rounded, spire nearly straight, varices
irregular, impressed, here and there not apparent.
Length, 35 mill.
Sandwich, Lord Hood's and Viti Inlands.
E. TEINOSTOMA, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 97.
Spire straight; whorls 12, rather flat, with an impressed line
beneath the suture, somewhat pellucid, last whorl rounded,
aperture narrow. Length, 1 inch.
Viti Is. on coral reefs.
Too close to the preceding species ; appears to be narrower.
E. LACTEA, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 99.
Opaque, solid, nearly straight; whorls rather flat, the last
subangulate on the periphery, varices impressed, continuous.
Length, 28 mill.
Philippines.
E. BREVIS, Sowb. PL 68, figs. 1. 2.
Short; whorls convex, spire acuminated, the apex a little
turned to the left, hyaline, whitish or pale fawn color.
Length, 9-19 mill.
Pacific Ocean, on shells of the Pearl Oyster; Isle Annaa.
I am unable to separate E. labiosa, Sowb. (fig. 2), from this
species.
268 EUL1MA.
E. PORCELLANA, A. Ad. PI. 68, figs. 100, 15.
White, opaque, solid, long, narrowly subcylindrical, apex
slightly curved ; whorls flat, the periphery snbangulated, varices
irregular, conspicuous. Length, 1 inch.
Hab. unknown.
E. ACUTA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 3.
Subulate, white, opaque, nearly straight ; whorls flat, body-
whorl long, not angulated, aperture oblong, rather turned back-
wards in front, outer lip thin, not much curved. Length, 1 inch.
Isl. of Luzon, Philippines.
Figured in Conch. Icon, as acuta, Sowb., but that is a much
smaller species, from W. Coast of Central America, and referred
to Leiostraca, by Carpenter.
E. SOLIDA, Sowb. PI. 68, figs. 5, 4.
Solid, subulate, curved, distorted, white, suture margined,
last whorl swollen, somewhat produced obliquely, spire at-
tenuated. Length, 10 mill.
Paumotus, Viti 7k, Sandwich Is.
E. inflexa, Pease (fig. 4) is a synonym.
E. PUSILLA, Sowb. PI. 68, figs. 6, 7.
Solid, subcylindrical, acuminated, narrow, white; whorls rather
flat, the last oblong, aperture narrow. Length, 10 mill.
Viti Is., tit. Helena?
I have from two respectable sources Sty lifer acicula, Gould,
under this name, and as that species has the same outline, it is
difficult to decide which is the proper identification of pusilla.
In making my selection, as above, I am compelled to make E.
exilis, Pease (fig. 7), a synonym.
E. VENUSTA, Pease. PI. 68, fig. 8.
Rather solid, vitreous, ashy white, elongate, subulate, very
narrow, spire very slightly twisted; whorls 9-10, flatly convex,
distinctly margined at the suture. Length, 6 mill.
Tahiti.
Occurs associated with Stylifer acicula, Gld., but is smaller,
more solid and slender, the spire more curved.
EULIMA. 269
E. RETRORSA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 9.
Solid, white, tinged with pale fawn color above, narrow, the
apex recurved ; whorls flat, rather straight, aperture small, oval-
oblong, outer lip thickened, nearly straight. Length, 11 mill.
Tahiti.
Differs from E. pusilla only in the slightly recurved apex.
E. AUGUR, Angas. PL 68, fig. 10.
Rather narrow, white, opaque, solid, apex very slightly curved
to the left ; whorls 10, rather flattened, suture margined, periphery
rounded. Length, 12 mill.
St. Vincent's Gulf, So. Australia.
E. PROXIMA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 11.
Solid, white, opaque, arched backwards; whorls 11, flat, the
last obscurely angular, suture faintly margined. Length, 15 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
E. ARTICULATA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 12.
Acuminately pyramidal, white, articulated and marbled with
chestnut ; whorls rather rounded, varices somewhat prominent ;
outer lip thickened. Length, 23 mill.
Australia.
Scarcely looks like an Eulima, but the varices indicate its
position here.
E. TENISON, Tryon. PL 68, fig. 16.
Obtusely turreted, slightly curved, translucid, whitish ; whorls
7, flattened above, penultimate rounded, last subinflated, aperture
pyriform, the outer lip thin, produced, inner lip reflected.
Length, 3 mill.
Tasmania.
The name is substituted for E. micans, Tenison-Woods, pre-
occupied by Carpenter.
E. CONOIDALIS, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 17.
Shell pyramidal, rather broad below, solid, white, opaque;
whorls flat, periphery angulated, varices irregular.
Length, 16 mill.
Sandwich Is. (Sowerby); Singapore (S. Archer!)
270 EULIMA.
E. POLYGYRA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 18.
Pyramidal, straight, narrow, angular at the base, white,
opaque ; whorls numerous, short, flat, aperture obliquel}' diamond
shaped, small, produced at base. Length, 10 mill.
Isl. Mindanao, Philippines.
E. CONICA, Sowb. PL 68, fig. 19.
Small, white, solid, pyramidal, rather straight; whorls short,
flat, the last angulated, apex sharp, suture distinct, aperture
obliquely subquadrangular, outer lip thick, columella rather tor-
tuous. Length, 5 mill.
Hob. unknown.
Differs from the preceding species in the lower part of the
aperture being acuminated ; it is also more solid, and the whorls
are not quite so short.
E. MODICELLA, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 20.
White, semipellucid ; whorls 11, flattened, varices continuous,
last whorl slightly angulated in the middle ; aperture oval, outer
lip anterior^ produced. Length, 6 mill.
Isl. Zebu, Philippines.
Appears to be too closely allied to E. retrorsa, Sowb.
E. OPACA, Sowb. PL 68, fig. 13.
Rather straight, subulate, white, opaque, solid ; whorls a little
convex, the last oval; aperture ovate, outer lip thick, nearly
straight. Length, 12 mill.
Sandwich Islands (Sowerby).
Somewhat stouter than E. pusilla, Sowb.
E. PYRAMIDALIS, A. Ad. PL 68, fig. 14.
Shell rather short and stout, nearly straight, white, subpellu-
cid ; whorls 10, scarcely convex, the last rounded ; aperture
small, rather rounded, laterally produced, outer lip thin, pro-
duced below the middle. Length, 9 mill.
/. Capul, Philippines (Ginning!); Singapore (S. Archer!)
E. CUSPIDATA, Reeve. PL 68, fig. 22.
Subulate, subventricose, spire straight, apex acuminated ;
whorls a little convex, the last oval, varices inconspicuous.
Length, 12 mill.
Isl. Zebu, Philippines.
EULIMA. 271
E. TORTUOSA, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 68, fig. 23.
Shell solid, white, narrow, tortuous in the middle and at the
apex; whorls rather flat, obliquely varicose, aperture small, oval.
Length, 20 mill.
China Sea.
E. SOLIDULA, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 68, lig. 21.
Abbreviately turreted (apex lost), somewhat solid, tortuous,
varicose; whorls 9-10, convex ; aperture small ; white.
Length, 9 mill.
China Sea.
E. NITIDULA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 24.
Shell white, opaque, rather ventricose, straight ; whorls 10-11,
somewhat convex, the last not angulate ; aperture oval, outer
lip slightly curved inwards above. Length, 9 mill.
Singapore.
Mistaking this name for nitida, which is preoccupied, Sowerby
changed it to E. Adamsi.
E. SUBANGULATA, Sowb. PI. 68, fig. 27.
Pyramidal, thin, banded here and there with pale yellowish
brown blotches ; whorls flat, the last slightly angulated.
Length, 20 mill.
Indian Ocean.
Closely allied to E. hastata, Sowb., from west coast of Central
America, but narrower.
E. ACUFORMIS, Nevill. PI, 68, fig. 28.
Very narrowly elongated, sharp pointed, flexuous, solid, white ;
whorls IT, cylindrical, varices obliquely continuous, last whorl
rounded. Length, 10 mill.
Andaman Islands.
E. ROBUSTA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 25.
Pyramidally subulate, flexuous, apex recurved ; whorls a little
convex, the last large, oblique, rounded at the base, suture mar-
gined ; aperture ovate, produced, inner lip thickened above,
outer lip arcuate ; white, semiopaque. Length, 4'5 mill,
Japan.
Figured from an author's specimen in the museum of the
Philadelphia Academj T .
272 EULIMA.
E. MUNDULA, A. Ad. PI. 68, fig. 26.
Subulate, twisted, spire laterally curved; whorls 9, a little
convex, the last large, oblique at base ; aperture ovate, produced ;
inner lip thickened, outer lip arcuate, scarcely inflexed ; white,
subopaque. Length, 3 mill.
Japan.
Figured from an author's type.
E. MICANS, Carp. PI. 69, figs. 29, 30.
Straight, white, semipellucid, shining; whorls flattened, the
last oblong oval ; aperture narrowly oval, outer lip somewhat
straight and scarcely thickened. Length, 9 mill.
San Diego, Gal.
I think that E. Elodia, Folin (fig. 30), from pearl oysters,
West Coast of Central America, is synoitymous. The figure is
greatly magnified.
E. GRACILLIMA, Sowb. PL 69, fig. 31.
Very narrow, tortuous, solid, opaque, shining ; whorls numer-
ous, the last oblong, aperture narrow, laterally produced, outer
lip rather thick, straight. Length, 12 mill.
Guatemala.
E. PARVA, Sowb. PI. 69, figs. 32, 33.
Very minute, white, rather pellucid, arched in the middle;
apex distorted, last whorl ovate, aperture oval. Length, 3 mill.
Mazatlan.
E. adamantina, Folin (fig. 33), from Meleagrinse, West Coast
of Central America, is a species only 2 ; 5 mill, long and of similar
form ; it is very probably identical.
E. SUBROSTRATA, Sowb. PI. 69, fig. 34.
Small, white, narrow, tapering, near the apex arched and
attenuated ; whorls few, the last oblong and slightly angular ;
aperture oblong, acuminated beneath, columella rather straight,
outer lip thin. Length, 5'5 mill.
Hob. unknown.
E. GIBBA, Folin. PI. 69, fig. 35.
Yentricose, spire acuminating and much curved, the apex
somewhat obtuse, cr3 T stalline, very shining ; whorls 9, somewhat
convex, the last large, tumidly inflated. Length, 3 mill.
W. Coast of Gentr. America, on Meleagrina.
EULIMA. 273
E. OPALINA, Folin. PL 69, fig. 31.
Bather pyramidal, straight, opaque, opaline, streaked with
chestnut, spire subacute ; whorls 10, slowly increasing, a little
convex, the last obtusely angulated in the middle, base contracted,
aperture subquadrangularly oblique. Length, 3*5 mill.
W. Coast Central America, on Meleagrina.
E. PROCA, Folin. PL 69, fig. 38.
Elongate acuminate, whitish, blotched and triangularly clouded
with flesh-color, especially below the sutural band ; whorls 10-11,
somewhat rounded, body-whorl rather long. Length, 3'3 mill.
W. Coast Central America, on Meleagrina.
E. HASTATA, Sowb. PL 69, fig. 39.
Rather straight, pyramidal ; whorls somewhat flattened, the
last with angulated periphery ; rosy, brownish above the middle.
Length, 22 mill.
St. Elena , W. Coast of Central America.
E. OLEACEA, Kurtz and Stimpson. PL 69, fig. 36.
Subulate, solid, straight or but slightly curved ; whorls 12,
flattened, closely coiled, suture inconspicuous ; white, the spire-
whorls marked in a banded manner with pale brown.
Length, 6-25 mill.
New England North Carolina.
Animal white, hyaline, its eyes visible through the shell.
E. CONOIDEA, Kurtz and Stimpson. PL 69, fig. 40.
Conic lanceolate, white, with 13 flat whorls, the last subangu-
Lite, aperture rhomboidal. Length, 9 mill.
North Carolina to Florida.
Figured from a specimen which is believed to be correctly
identified.
E. JAMAICENSIS, C. B. Ad. PL 69, fig. 41.
Whorls about 10, a little convex, spire nearly straight, suture
well marked, body-whorl long, rounded, aperture rather narrow.
Length, 6 mill.
West Indies.
E. SUBCARINATA, cl'Orb. PL 69, fig. 44.
Pyramidal ; whorls 8, flat, last one obtusely carinated, suture
narrowly margined. Length, 3'5 mill. West Indies.
18
274 EULIMA.
E. IOTA, C. B. Ad. PI. 69, fig. 42.
Yery small, conical, white ; whorls few, flat, the last wide and
angulated on the periphery ; apex acuminated and a little curved ;
aperture subrhomboidal ; outer lip sharp; columella perpendicu-
lar. Length, 2 mill.
Jamaica.
Evidently a young shell.
E. INTERMEDIA, Cantraine. PI. 69, fig. 43.
Rather solid, very smooth, semipellucid, white tinged with
light chestnut, narrow ; whorls 13, flattened ; spire subulate ;
apex acute ; body-whorl long, a little tumid, about one-third the
length of the shell; aperture narrow. Length, 7 '5 mill.
Norway to Mediterranean, Canary Is., N. England to Florida.
Is E. nitida^ Phil, (not Lamarck.)
E. POLITA, Linn. PL 69, figs. 45, 46.
Pyramidal, acuminated, straight, or a little curved, solid,
opaque, very shining, white, more or less tinged with fawn or flesh
color; whorls about 10, a little convex, nearly flat, narrow, last
whorl obsoletely angulated ; aperture small, rather narrow.
Length, 17 mill.
Europe.
It is Melania Bosci, Payr. ; E. anglica, Sowb. ; E. elegantissima
and E. glaberrima, Risso ; Melania Gervillei, Collard ; Turbo
j Donovan.
Var. INFLEXA, Monts.
Spire slightly curved.
Var BREVIS, Requien. Fig. 46.
Shorter, more conical, periphery obtusely angulated.
? E. Petitiana, Brusina and E. minor, Monts., are synonyms.
E. INCURVA, Renieri. PI. 69, figs. 48, 47, 51.
Thin, diaphanous; spire aciculate, composed of 10 nearly flat
whorls ; flexuous, body-whorl long, attenuated below.
Length, 2-8 mill.
Europe.
The following are synonyms : E. distorta, Phil., et auct., non
Defrance (which is a fossil of the Paris basin, and a different
EULTMA. . 275
species), E. Philippii,Weirik. (not Rayn. and Ponzi), E. curvata,
Chiereg., E. sinuosa, Scacchi.
Yar. GRACILTS, Forbes and Hanby. Fig. 47.
Larger and scarce^ curved. England.
Monterosato has added vars., ore-rotundato, ore-angusto, devi-
ans and exilis, the latter subsequently made a species under the
name of antiflexa (fig. 51). The figure, which is cited with
doubt by Monterosato, is from Sars, and purports to represent
E. distorta.
E. CURVA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, figs. 49, 50.
Spire elevated, composed of 8 or 9 strongly curved, slightly
convex whorls, suture superficial ; hyaline white, translucent.
Length, 3'4 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Yar. ELONGATA, B. D. and D. Fig. 50.
More elongated, the last whorls narrower.
E. COMPACTILIS, Monts. PI. 69, fig. 52.
Slender, rather thick, semitransparent, whitish ; whorls 7, the
last one half the total length, suture inconspicuous, aperture
narrow. Length, 3*75 mill.
Bay of Biscay to Azores, Mediterranean.
It is E. obtusa, Jeffreys (figured).
E. STALIOI, Brusina. PL 69, fig. 53.
Slightly curved ; whorls 9, flattened, compact, apex rather
obtuse, body-whorl rounded, aperture small, oblique.
Length, 4 mill.
Dalmatia to Madeira.
E. Petitiana, Brusina, which I have made a synonym of E.
polita, var. brevis, is referred to this species by Jeffreys.
E. ABBREVIATA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 56.
Conical, thin, semitransparent, glossy, minutely striate, ivory
white, three apical whorls light brown, apex rather blunt ; whorls
7, a little convex, the last long, rounded ; outer lip straight.
Length, 3'75 mill.
Atlantic Ocean (Porcupine Exped.).
276 EULIMA.
E. PYRIFORMIS, Brugnone. PL 69, fig. 54.
Pyriform ; whorls 9, slightly convex, apex rather acute, body-
whorl obtusely subangulated, large, outer lip nearly straight,
white, apical whorls sometimes brown-tinted. Length, 6 mill.
Bay of Biscay to West Coast of Africa, Mediterranean.
Some specimens are more or less curved. Described as a
fossil. According to Dr. Jeffreys E. chaunax and perhaps E.
hians of Watson are synonyms. The characters are the swollen
shape of the last whorl, the remarkably flexuous character of
the outer lip, and acuminated apex.
Var. BIZONATA, with two narrow chestnut bands, one below the
suture the other at the periphery, both showing on the spire-
whorls.
E. FUSCO-APICATA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 55.
Slender, thin, transparent, very glossy, microscopically striate,
periphery sometimes slightly keeled, vitreous, the apical whorls
chestnut brown; whorls 9-11, narrow, rather convex, outer lip
remarkably flexuous. Length, 5 mill.
Bay of Biscay to Cape Verd Is.
E. JEFFREYSII, Tryon. PI. 69, fig. 59.
Very slender, thick, transparent, very glossy, periphery more
or less distinctly keeled, apex obtuse, glassy white; whorls 8,
compact and flattened, the last about two-fifths the total length ;
mouth rather small. Length, 5 mill.
Bay of Biscay to W. Coast of Africa, Azores.
Described by Jeffreys as E. solida, a name preoccupied by
Sowerby.
E. SUBUMBILICATA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 57.
Short conical, solid, apex obtuse, nearly opaque, white,
periphery obtusely angular ; whorls 5, compressed and somewhat
rounded, the last two-thirds the total length ; umbilicus shallow,
with a small perforation behind the pillar. Length, 1-25 mill.
Atlantic Ocean.
Probably a young shell.
E. MINUTA, Jeffreys. PL 69, fig. 60.
Club-shaped, thin, semitransparent and glossy, whitish, per-
iphery rounded, apex blunt; whorls 5-6, the last about half the
EULIMA. 277
total length ; mouth oval, pointed above, outer lip somewhat
thickened. Length, 2 mill.
Strait of Messina ; Morocco.
E. GLABRA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 61.
Awl-shaped, solid, semitransparent, polished, whitish, tinged
with brownish yellow, apex blunt, periphery rounded ; whorls 8,
flatly convex, the last half the total length. Length, 3'75 mill.
W. Coast of Africa.
E. ACUTALTS, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 62.
Thin, semitransparent, periphery keeled, white, apex sharp;
whorls slightly convex ; aperture a little pointed below.
Length, 1'25 mill.
Mediterranean.
E. PERMINIMA, Jeffreys. PI. 69, fig. 63.
Slender, rather solid, semitransparent, white, slightly tinged
with yellowish brown on the body-whorl, apex bluntly pointed ;
whorls 6-7, compressed and compact. Length, T25 mill.
Zetland, Mediterranean.
E. GENTILOMIANA, Issel. PL 69, fig. 64.
Subulate, very slightly curved, white; whorls 11, flattened,
suture margined, peripher} 7 rounded, apex acute.
Length, 4 mill.
Red Sea.
E. PAIVENSIS, Watson. PL 69, fig. 58.
Solid, whorls 7-8 ; a little rounded, suture slightly margined ;
transparent white, obsoletely stained with rust color, forming
indistinct bands. Length, 4 mill.
Madeira.
E. DENTIENS, D unker. PL 70, fig. 1.
Thick, white, very shining ; whorls 6-7, a little convex, the last
half the total length ; lip thickened, dilated, obsoletely minutely
tridentate within, at the base. Length, 8 mill.
Viti Islands.
Unfigured and Undetermined Species.
E. AFFINIS, E. CONICA, E. GRACiLis, E. ARCUATA, C. B. Adams.
Jamaica.
E. NUTANS, E. EBURNEA, Muhlfeldt. West Indies.
E. BREVIUSCULA. D unker. Brazil.
278 EULIMA.
E. COMPACTA, E. THEESITES, Carpenter. California.
E. FUSCOSTRIQATA, Carpenter. Cape St. Lucas, L. California.
E. BERYLLINA, E. NANA, E.ciONELLA, Monterosato. Mediterranean.
E. MICROSTOMA, Brusina. Mediterranean.
E. CARNEOLA, Gould. Japan.
E. ACICULATA, Pease. Sandwich Islands.
E. CHYD.EA, E. CYL1NDRATA, E. GOMPHUS, E. HYALINA.
E. PSILA, E. FASCIATA, E. CHASCANON, Watson. West Indies.
E. EPHAMILLA, E. oxyLATA (Philippines), E. ACANTHYLLIS (Sand-
wich Islands), E. ACERRIMA (Cape York, Australia), E. SA-
RissA(Per?mwmco),E.LATiPES ( Torres Straits), E. FAMELICA
(Azores), E. CHYTA (Ascension Island), E. CAMPYLA (Cape
York, Australia), E. FALLAX (Viti Is.),}&. AMELIA (between
Marion and Prince Edward Is.), E. HEBES (Pernambuco),
E. DISSIMILTS (Port Jackson, Australia), ''ft. EURYCHAD A. (Cape
York. Australia), all of Watson (Challenger Exped. Shells).
E. ANGULATA, E. ACICULARIS, E. CHRYSALL1DA, E. CLAVULA, E.
CURVATA, E. DENTALTOPSIS, E. DEBILIS, E. EBURNEA, E. FLEXA,
E. GTBBOSULA, E. INDEFLEXA, E. ODONTOIDEA, E. PINGUICULA,
E. PANDATA, E. RECLINATA, E. SUBULA, E. SCITULA, E. SEMI-
TORTA, E. STENOSTOMA, E. STYLATA, E. VALIDA, all of A.
Adams. Japan.
E. PETTERDI, E. LEGRANDI, Beddome. Tasmania.
E. MARGINATA, E. APHELES, E. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods.
Tasmania. '
E. CHATHAMENSIS, Hutton. = Eissoa variegata, Angas.
E. NITENS, E. AMABILIS, Brazier. Torres Sts., N. Australia.
E. AURANTIA, E. VITREA, Petterd. Tasmania.
E. INCERTA, E. DUBIA, Anton. Hob. unknown
E. BIPARTITA, Moroh. Sonsonate, Central Ama.
E. GUILDINGII, A. Ad. West Indies.
E. ACLIS, A. Ad. . Singapore.
E. INCERTA, d'Orb. Cuba.
Subgenus SUBULARIA, Monts., 1884.
E. VARIANS, Sowb. PI. TO, figs. 65-67.
Narrow, thin, pale fawn color, broadly brown banded, or with
two narrow bands, or entirely brown. Length, 10-12 mill.
Xipixapi, Central America.
EULIMA. 279
E. RUTILA, Carpenter. PI. 70, fig. 68.
Thin, glassy s narrow, apex attenuated ; whorls 10, irregularly
banded and blotched with pale red. Length, 7 mill.
California.
E. ELEGANTISSIMA, Folin. PI. 70, fig. 69.
Pellucid, very shining ; whitish, with two pale chestnut, nar-
row, distant bands and oblique chestnut strigations ; whorls 10,
rather convex ; lip brown tinted. Length, 5 mill.
W. Coast of Central Ama.
E. BIVITTATA, H. and A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 70.
Attenuated, pale with two linear approximate chestnut bands
in the middle, showing on the spire whorls. Length, 10 mill.
Sooloo Sea.
Described by Adams and Reeve as E. bilineata, preoccupied
by Alder.
E. SUBULATA, Donovan. PL 70, fig. 71.
Narrow, rather thin, semitransparent, j-ellowish white, with
three pairs of narrow chestnut bands on the body-whorl, and
two pairs on the spire whorls, sometimes each pair coalescing
into a single wider band. Length, 12-16 mill.
England to Mediterranean.
It is Strombiformis glaber, Dacosta ; E. fasciata, Renieri ;
E. trifasciata, Adams ; E. flavocincta, Megerle ; E. Cambes^e-
desiij Payr.; E. Donovani, Forbes ; E. lineata, Sowb.
Yar. PALLIDULA, Jeffreys.
Bands of a paler color, and more or less interrupted.
E. BILINEATA, Alder. PI. 70, figs. 72-74.
Like the preceding species, but usually smaller ; with a single
pair of bands in the middle, and sometimes an obscure band just
below the suture ; upper whorls with a pair or occasionally a
single band ; some specimens have a tawny streak or blotch at
the base. Length, 8 mill.
Norway to Mediterranean Sea.
Scarcely more than a variety of E. subulata.
E. BIFASCIATA, d'Orb. PL 70, fig. 75.
Acicular, spire sharp pointed; whorls about 12, white, with
two distant narrow chestnut bands, visible on the spire.
Length, 6 mill. Cuba.
280 EULIMA.
E. FULVOCINCTA, C. B. Adams. PI. 70, fig. 76.
Whorls few, subventricose ; whitish, with two interrupted
chestnut bands. Length, 4 mill.
Jamaica.
E. VINCTA, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 77.
Subfusiform, thin, pale, with two narrow chestnut lines on the
middle ; whorls a little convex, apex sharp pointed.
Length, 4 mill.
Japan.
The species figured as E. vincta in the Conch. Icon, has no
authority appended, but as the description corresponds, I sup-
pose it to be this species.
E. SAMOENSIS, Crosse. PL 70, fig. 78.
Highly polished, pellucid white, with obscure, interrupted
chestnut lineate maculations, and occasional chestnut-tinted
varices ; whorls 10-11, somewhat flattened, margin of aperture
chestnut. Length, 9 mill.
S a moan Is.
This may be a highly colored state of E. acicula, Gould.
E. UNILINEATA, Adams and Reeve. PI. 70, fig. 79.
Thin, white, with a single narrow peripheral chestnut line,
appearing on the spire. Length, 12 mill.
Sooloo Sea.
E. METCALFEI, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 83.
Whorls very few, the last large, oval, subpellucid, white, orna-
mented with an interrupted chestnut band, and undulating
oblique lines. Length, 11 mill.
Sandwich Is. (W. II. Pease).
E. RECTA, C. B. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 81.
Semipellucid, white, with a very pale rosy tinge; whorls few,
straight, the last oval, ventricose. Length, 10 mill.
Panama.
E. ACUTA, Sowb. PI. 70, fig. 82.
Elongate, subcylindrical, dull white; whorls 12, rather flat-
tened ; aperture narrow. Length, 8 mill.
Bay of Montija, W. Coast of Central Am.
The apex is rather obtuse than acute.
EULIMA. 281
E. NIVEA, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 84.
White, semipellucid ; whorls a little convex, suture margined,
columella subtortuous and thin. Length, 7 mill.
Japan.
E. PURA, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 85.
White, pellucid ; whorls numerous, short, straight, suture mar-
gined ; aperture narrow, columella rather tortuous.
Length, 7*5 mill. Japan.
Narrower than the preceding species.
E. PAUXILLUS, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 80.
White, pellucid ; whorls short, rather flattened, suture margined,
aperture short, columella tortuous. Length, 6 mill.
Japan.
Judging by the figures, this species ought to be united to
the preceding. E. clara,A. Ad. (unfigured) is made a synonym
by Sowerby.
E. MARINE, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 87.
Whitish, opaque, subcylindrical ; whorls short, rather straight,
suture distinct, apex obtuse, columella long, rather straight.
Length, 10 mill.
Japan.
E. MANZONIANA, Issel. PL 70, fig. 88.
Subulate, smooth, very shining, white, apex acute ; whorls 8,
planulate, the last attenuated at the base; aperture small,
narrow. Length, 2*5 mill.
Gulf of Suez, Red Sea.
E ACUTISSIMA, Sowerby. PI. 70, figs. 89, 90.
Pellucid, white, very thin, acuminated; whorls 8, slightly
convex, the last large ; aperture narrow, columella long, rather
straight. Length, 9 mill.
Sydney, Australia.
I consider E. Lesbia, Angas (fig. 90), a synonym.
E. PEASEI, Tryon. PI. 70, fig. 91.
Small, white, pellucid, short, somewhat arched and depressed
in the middle ; whorls few, suture margined ; aperture expanded
below. Length, 4-5 mill.
Sandwich Islands.
Appears from the figure to be more like a true Eulima.
282 EULIMA.
Described by Pease as E. distorta, a name preoccupied by
Defrance.
E. ACICULA, Gould. PI. 70, figs. 92-95.
Transparent white, blotched and obsoletely margined at the
suture with pale fawn color, highly polished ; whorls short,
rather straight, numerous. Length, 8-9 mill.
Fiji and Sandwich Is.
Described as a Stylifer, and may possibly belong to that
genus. The synonyms are E. aciculata, Sowb. (fig. 93), E.
pyramidal, Sowb. (fig. 94), and E. vitrea, A. Ad. (fig. 95).
E. ATTENUATA, Sowb. PL TO, fig. 97.
Elongated, subcylindrical, narrow, semipellucid, white, faintly
banded at the suture; whorls 13, flat, the last oblong, apex
mucronate ; aperture narrow, outer lip produced in the middle,
subemarginated beneath, columella oblique. Length, 13 mill.
Viti Is.
Probably only a large form of the preceding species.
E. HEMPHILLII, Dall. PL 70, fig. 96.
Slender, subulate, brilliantly polished ; whorls 9-10, flattened,
suture inconspicuous ; dark chocolate brown to blackish, with a
lighter stripe at the suture. Length, 3 mill.
Cedar Keys, Fla.
A beautiful little species, remarkably colored.
Section HALIELLA, Monts., 1878.
E. STENOSTOMA, Jeffreys. PL 70 fig. 80.
Thin, white, semipellucid ; whorls very slightly convex, the
last subangulated in the middle, aperture narrow, columella
long, vertical. Length, 6-5 mill.
Norway Mediterranean.
Unfigured Species of Leiostraca.
E. CLAVELLA, E. NIXA, E. NITIDA, E. LANCEATA, E. LEACHII, E.
LABIATA, E. TURGIDULA, E. TANTILLA, E. LEPIDA, E. SPICULUM,
E. ARIEL, E. TITANIA, E. OBERON, E. CONSTANTIA, E. CASTA,
E, LENTIGINOSA, E. HASTATA, E. SUBULINA, E. MlRANDA, E.
EULIMA. 283
METULINA, E. PISTILLUM, E. CRYSTALLINA, E. PUSILLA, E.
PYGM^EA, E. PUSIO, E. EXIGUA, E. NANA, E. PUMILA, E-
PICTURATA, E. CONSPURCATA, E. BIZONA, E. CIRCUMCINCTA,
E. BIFASCIALTS, E. T^ENIATA, E. BALTEATA, E. GRACILENTA,
E. CINCTELLA, E. CINGENDA, E. INTERRUPTA, E. TANTILLA, E.
CRASSULA, E. INQUINATA, E. SC1TULA, E. SPRETA, E. HUM1L1S,
all of A. Adams. Japan.
E. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. N. Caledonia.
E. JEFFREYSIANA, Brusina. Adriatic Sea.
E. OXYCHINA, Folin. (Desc. and Fig. not accessible
to me.) West Indies.
Subgenus BACULA, H. and A. Adams, 1863.
E. MIRIFICA, Nevill. PI. 70. fig. 98.
White, shining; whorls 15, very narrow,, tortuous, closely,
minutely, spirally striated ; columella bent backwards below ;
aperture striate within. Length, 8 mill.
Ceylon.
E. STRIATA, H. and A. Adams (unfigured). China Sea.
Subgenus APICALTA, A. Adams, 1862.
The distinctions between Apicalia and Mncronalia are slight.
The type species of the present group is unfortunately unfigured,
and the two additional species appear to me rather to belong to
Mucronalia, the spire being straight.
E. HOLDSWORTHT, A. Ad. PI. TO, fig. 99.
Thin, polished, ashy white, light brownish towards the apex,
suture distinct, with a subpellucid, narrow margin; whorls 10,
convex, apex styliform. Length, 6 mill.
Ceylon.
E. GUNTHERT, Angas. PI. 70, fig. 100.
Thin, subpellucid, shining, horn colored; whorls 7, narrowly
shouldered below the suture, the last large, inflated, scarcely
angulated at the periphery, apical whorls wanting.
Length, 14 mill.
New South Wales.
E. GIBBA, A. Ad. (unfigured). Japan.
284 EULIMA.
Subgenus MUCRONALTA, A. Ad., 1862.
E. GRACILIS, Pease. PI. 70, fig. 4.
Solid, polished, shining, white; whorls 7, convex, with deep
suture. Length, 4 mill.
Tahiti.
Resembles somewhat in form Apicalia Guntheri, Angas.
E. NITIDULA, Pease. PL 70, fig. 2.
Solid, shining ; whorls well rounded, stained with brown, apex
white, mucronate, aperture small, columella short, rather twisted.
Length, 4 mill.
Sandwich Is.
E. SUBPELLUCIDA, Pease. PL 70, fig. 3.
Short, ventricose, thin, lower part of body-whorl semitrans-
parent; whorls few, spire straight, suture narrowly margined,
last whorl obscurely angulated on the periphery, varices few,
indistinct. Length, 20 mill.
Tahiti.
In this species the columella is somewhat drawn back below,
making the aperture a little oblique; the tenuity of the body-
whorl below the angle is the most distinguishing feature.
E. MUCRONATA, Sowb. PL 70, fig. 5.
Cylindrical, pellucid, narrow, with seven flat whorls and three
additional apical ones which are suddenly contracted, mucronate,
suture margined, aperture narrow, columella oblique, slightly
tortuous. Length, 10 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
E. SANDWICHENSIS, Sowb. PL 70, fig. 21.
Yentricose, thin, white, opaque ; whorls few, convex, the last *
rounded, opaque below. Length, 16 mill.
Sandwich Islands.
E. OBESULA, A. Ad. PL 70, fig. 6.
Yentricose, rather transparent, tinged with pale rose-color ;
whorls few, convex, rapidly increasing. Length, 9 mill.
Ins. Boholj Philippines.
E. ROSEA, Pease. PL 70, fig. 7.
Conical, solid, rosy-brown ; whorls 7, rounded ; aperture rather
round. Length, 5 mill.
Sandwich Is.
More conical in shape than E. nitidula.
EULIMA. 285
E. FULVESCENS, A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 11.
Small, hyaline, light brown, ventiicose ; whorls few, rounded ;
apex mucronate; aperture a little laterally produced.
Length, 4-5 mill.
Ins. Labuan.
E. CALEDONICA, Morelet. PI. 70, fig. 10.
Shining, smooth, polished, rather solid, whitish, more or less
stained with light fawn-color ; whorls 7-8, slightly convex, a
little curved, suture submargined, apex sharply nmcronate.
Length, 6 mill.
New Caledonia, Viti Is.
E. obesula is larger, with more rounded ivhorls ; E. rosea and
E. fulvescens have more convex whorls and the spire is straight.
E. SURVENTRICOSA, Sowb. PL 70, fig. 13.
White, 'short, rather solid, oval ; whorls few, inflated ; aperture
oval, short, outer lip thin. Length, 6'5 mill.
Hab. unknown.
E. MINDOROENSIS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 70, fig. 8.
Whitish, thin, short, ventricose ; whorls few, inflated, the last
large, oval, aperture rather oval, columella slightly tortuous.
Length, 9 mill.
Philippines.
It has been extensively distributed from the Yiti Islands under
the name of E. brevicula, Dunker. I do not know whether this
name has been published.
E. BICINCTA, E. EXILIS, E. LACTEA, E. SUBULA, all of A. Adams.
Japan.
Subgenus SELMA, A. Ad., 1864.
E. SUCCINIOLA, A. Ad.
Elongately oval, thin, rimate, subdiaphanous, corneous, tinged
with chestnut-color, spire short ; whorls 3J, scarcely convex, the
last large ; aperture oblong ; inner lip chestnut-stained, with a
spiral, chestnut-colored plica, outer lip simple.
Japan.
This, the only species, is unfigurecl. No dimensions are given.
286 EULIMA.
Subgenus STYLIFERINA, A. Adams, 1860.
Adams writes concerning this group :
The genus Entoconcha of J. Miiller, which is parasitic on
Sinapta, also has " the columellar margin straight;" but the
form is described as being very different from Styliferina^ there
being almost no spire, and the aperture being transverse and
semilunar. I have never seen a specimen of Entoconcha, which
is also said to be operculate. My shells were, unfortunately, in
the case of both the species, dredged dead, though perfect. I
examined dozens of the blue Asterinse that came up with them,
but found no parasite, nor was I more fortunate with Spatangi
or Clypeasteres.
In describing E. callosa, Mr. Adams places the group in Litio-
pidse ; Dr. Fischer and myself have continued to regard it as a
member of the present family.
E. ORTHOCHILA, E. GONOCHiLA, A. Adams (unfigured). Japan.
E. CALLOSA, A. Adams (unfigured). Gulf of Suez.
E. TURRITA, Carpenter (unfigured). California.
Subgenus LAMBERTIA, Souverbie, 180 9.
E. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. Pi. 70, fig. 15.
Pupiform, thin, very smooth, polished, translucent, white, with
very numerous milk-white lineolations ; whorls 5, convex, rapidly
enlarging, apex short, styliform, mamillary. Length, 10 mill.
New Caledonia.
Described from a single specimen.
Subgenus AMAURELLA, A. Adams, 1867.
E. JAPONICA, A. Adams. PI. 70, fig. 16.
Rather solid, globose, short, spire produced, attenuated,
acuminated, last whorl globose, aperture rather short, acuminated
below, columella tortuous, rather solid. Length, 6*5 mill.
Japan.
E. GLABRATA, A. Ad. PL 70, fig. 12.
Small, white, polished, spire with few whorls, the last one
elongated, columella rather straight. Length, 11 mill.
Japan.
NISO. 287
E. SEMISTRIATA,- A. Ad. PI. 70, fig. 17.
White, partially very finely spirally striated; whorls 4, the
last ovate, oblong. Length, 12 mill.
Japan.
Subgenus SCALENOSTOMA, Desh., 18G3.
E. CARINATA, Desh. PI. 70, fig. 14.
White ; whorls 11, the earlier ones a little convex, subsequently
planulate, the periphery carinate, base convex. Length, 13 mill.
Isle of Bourbon.
E. APICULATA, Souverbie. PI. 70, fig. 18.
White, translucent; whorls 13, rather convex, the last only
showing a strong peripheral carina. Length, 7*5 mill.
New Caledonia.
E, RANGII, Folin. PI. 70, fig. 20.
Yellowish; whorls 12, smooth, peripher}- carinate.
Length, 2'7 mill.
Panama.
E. DESHAYESII, A. Ad. (unfigured). Gulf of Suez.
Subgenus SUBEULIMA, Souverb., 1875.
E. LAMBERTI, Souverb. PI. 70, fig. 19.
Shell much curved, consisting of twelve whorls, with carinated
periphery, the upper whorls with fine spiral striae, soiled white.
Length, 19 mill.
New Caledonia.
On the right side are varices as in the curved species of
Eulima; in fact this appears to be simply a Scalenostoma with
curved spire.
Genus NISO, Risso, 1826.
N. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 24.
Solid, smooth, whitish purple, interruptedly brown-banded on
the periphery, above and below the suture, and surrounding the
umbilicus ; whorls numerous, suture and varices impressed and
edged with brown. Length, 1'5 inches.
S. Elena^ W. Co. of Central America.
288 NISO.
N. MARMORATA, Sowb. PL 71, fig. 21.
Solid, whitish tessellately marbled with chestnut; whorls
rather convex, the last rounded. Length, 23 mill.
Philippine Islands.
N. INTERRUPTA, Sowb. PI. 71, figs. 22, 23.
Whitish, shining, with linear chestnut truncated spots at the
varices, sometimes obsolete ; whorls numerous, the last with
angular periphery. Length, 19 mill.
West Coast of Central America (Cuming).
Dunker includes it in his Japanese list (Moll. Mar. Jap., 89).
N. BRUNNEA, Sowb. PL 71, fig. 25.
Solid, chocolate brown ; whorls convex, the last slightly angu-
lar on the periphery, and paler on the angle, umbilicus small.
Length, 17 mill.
Isl. of Hanan, China Sea.
N. GONIOSTOMA, A. Ad PL 71, fig. 26.
Solid, pale fawn-color, with a wide light chestnut-colored
band; whorls numerous, short. Length, 20 mill.
Isl. of Burias, Philippines.
N. TEREBELLUM, Chemn. PL 71, fig. 27.
Solid, fawn-color, paler at the suture and around the umbilicus ;
whorls numerous, short, a little convex, umbilicus surrounded
by a keel. Length, 23 mill.
Nicobar.
N. CANDIDULA, A. Ad. PL 71, fig. 28.
Solid, white ; whorls short, rather convex, umbilicus moderate,
columella arched. Length, 23 mill.
Philippines.
N. SANDWICHENSIS, Sowb. PL 71, fig. 29.
White, solid, last whorl broad, angular ; umbilicus small, round,
aperture acute below. Length, 8 mill.
Sandwich Islands.
N. JEGLEES, Bush. PL 71, fig. 39.
Thin, semitransparent, smooth, shining; whorls 12, suture
indistinctly defined by a dark chestnut line ; above and below
this there is an indefinite band of yellowish white, becoming
gradually yellowish, light brownish or purple-brown towards the
middle of the whorls, periphery angulated, umbilicus margined
289
by a chestnut line, margin of aperture also chestnut-colored, at
irregular intervals the whorls are somewhat obliquely crossed
by chestnut lines. Length, 7'5 mill.
Cape Hatter as, North Carolina.
N. TRILINEATA, Morch (unfigured). Guinea.
N. OBTUSA, Anton (unfigured). Hob. unknown.
Section VOLUSIA, A. Ad., 1861.
N. IMBRICATA Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 31.
Whitish, longitudinally striated and lineated with red ; whorls
concave above the periphery which is subangular.
Length, 19 mill.
St. Elena, W. Coast of Central America.
Genus HOPLOPTEROX, Fischer, 1876.
H. TERQUEMI, Fischer. PI. 71, figs. 33-35.
Minute, thin, white, translucent, shining ; whorls 7, the first
four smooth, minutely flexuously striated, the others developing
a long wing on either side. Length, 1*15 mill.
China Sea.
A section of this singular shell shows it to be similar to
Eulima as to its interior. The figures represent different stages
of growth.
Genus STYLIFER, Brod., 1832.
S. STIMPSONIT, Verrill. PI. 71, fig. 37.
White, swollen, spire short, rapidly enlarging ; whorls 4-5, the
last very large, smooth, a slightly impressed revolving line just
below the suture. Length, 3'75 mill.
George" 1 ** Bank, Block Island, off Coast of New Jersey, on Echini.
S. TURTONI, Brod. PL 71, figs. 32, 36.
Subglobose, spire small, acuminated, produced ; whorls angular
above, the last very large ; outer lip very sinuous.
Length, 4-5 mill.
Northern Europe to Canary Is., on Echini.
This species is found near the anal opening of its host, and
Dr. Jeffreys was therefore of opinion that it derived its nourish-
19
290 STYLIFER.
ment from the excrement of the urchin, and that its suctorial
proboscis, and the absence of a radula or jaw supports this view.
It is Phasianella stylifera, Turton, S. astericola, Brown, and
S. globosuSj Johnston.
S. ASTERICOLA, Brod. PI. 71, fig. 38.
Ovate globose, spire short, acuminated ; whorls few, the apical
ones minute, lip sinuousty produced above. Length, 10*5 mill.
Galapagos IsL, on Asterias helianthus.
S. Broderipii, Adams, is a synonym.
S. OVOIDEUS, H. and A. Adams. PI. 71, fig. 39.
Subglobose, spire moderately produced ; whorls convex, the
apical ones very minute; aperture pyriform, outer lip slightly
compressed above, sinuously produced. Length, 11 mill.
Borneo, on an Asterias.
This is S. astericola, Ad. and Reeve, not Brod., but I really
can see no valid differences between this and the two preceding
species.
S. ORBIGNYANUS, Hupe. PL 71, fig. 40.
Short, ovate, inflated, pellucid, very shining, yellowish white ;
whorls 7, well-rounded, with deep suture. Length, 6 mill.
Australia.
Found imbedded in the deformed spire of Cidaris imperialis.
S. DUBIA, Baird. PI. 71, fig. 41.
Shell globose, spire produced, pyramidal, acuminated, apical ;
whorls attenuated. Length, 6'5 mill.
New Caledonia.
S. MITTREI, Petit. PI. 71, fig. 42.
Very smooth, pellucid, yellowish white ; whorls 7-8, rounded,
suture profound. Length, 11-5 mill.
Indian Seas (Mittre.), Polynesia (Pease).
I have received from Mr. Pease, under his MS. name of Muqro-
nalia tumida, a shell which I refer to this species.
S. EBURNEUS, Desh. PL 71, fig. 43.
Ivor3 7 -white, very shining, polished; whorls 9, the first two
cylindrical, the others very convex, with deep linear sutures.
Length, 10 mill.
Isle of Bourbon.
STYLIFER. 291
S. APICULATUS, Souverbie. PI. 71, fig. 44.
Thin, very shining, translucent, subh3 T aline white, apex milky :
whorls 10, very convex, with deep sutures, the five superior ones
slowly increasing, the others rapidly, thinly subobliquely striu-
late. Length, 11'5 mill.
New Caledonia.
S. BRAZIERI, Angas. PL 71, fig. 47.
Smooth, pellucid, white, polished; whorls 6, flattened just
below the suture, which is finely, callously margined, apex
styliform. Length, 4 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
S. CUMINGIANUS, Adams. PI. 71, figs. 48, 46.
Spire acuminated, apex styliform ; whorls numerous, the last
inflated ; aperture short, the columella rather straight.
Length, 12 mill.
Hab. unknown.
S. PYRAMTDALIS, Reeve (fig. 46), figured but not described, and
no locality given, appears to be very similar. Deshayes
ascribes to it a shell from the Isle of Bourbon.
S. SUBULATUS, Brod. & Sowb. PI. 71, figs. 49, 50.
Whorls 9-10, the superior ones st\'liform, afterwards rounded,
suture linear, lightly impressed. Length, 15*5 mill.
West Indies.
S. bulbiformis, Sowb. (fig. 50), is probably a synonym.
S. SPECIOSUS, H. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 57.
Hyaline, spire attenuated and styliform above and somewhat
twisted, lower whorls inflated, somewhat straight-sided ; aperture
short, columella rather straight. Length, 16 mill.
Mauritius.
S. BARRONT, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 51.
White, shining, semipellucid, apex mucronate ; whorls 7, con-
stricted, angulated above, longitudinally obliquely striated.
Length, 6'5 mill.
Hab. unknown.
Found on a tropical asterias ; evidently deformed.
S. EXARATUS, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 52.
White, shining, semipellucid ; whorls a little convex, trans-
versely sulcate, longitudinally lightly striate, suture impressed,
292 STYLIFEK.
apex mucronate; aperture subeffuse at base, the lip sinuous, the
margin thickened and expanded. Length, 19 mill.
Philippines.
S. CORALLINUS, Chemn. PI. 71, fig. 45.
White, subulate, very smooth, thin, pellucid ; whorls about 12.
Length, 16 mill.
West Indies.
S. SUBANQULATUS, A. Ad. PI. 71, fig. 53.
White, shining, seinipellucid, apex mucronate, twisted ; whorls
numerous, a little convex, with transverse elevated lines, the
last with subangulate periphery. Length, 18 mill.
West Indies.
Morch describes a var. abbreviata.
S. THOMASIJE, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 58.
Attenuated and suddenly contracted towards the apex, last
whorl obtusely angular; aperture obliquely subquadrate,colum-
ella rather straight, acuminated below. Length, 21 mill.
St. Thomas, W. I.
S. ATTENUATUS, Sowb. PI. 71, fig. 55.
Yery narrow; whorls numerous, the last one subangular on
the periphery, apex a little twisted. Length, 16 mill.
St. Thomas, W. I.
S. PAULUCCIJE, Fischer. PI. 71, fig. 54.
White, smooth, shining, semipellucid ; whorls 11-12, the em-
bryonal ones laterally deflexed, the others subrotund, suture
lightly impressed. Length, 10 mill.
Red Sea.
S. DEFORMIS, Pease. PI. 71, fig. 56.
Thin, smooth, shining, pellucid, white, indistinctly longitudi-
nally striated; whorls 6-10, convex, suture narrowly margined,
last whorl swollen. Length, 12 mill.
Paumotus.
Pease writes : " scarcely two specimens agree in shape," a
lesson to the species makers.
S. FASTIGIATUS, A. Ad. PL 71, fig. 59.
Slightly perforated, spire acuminated, apex attenuated and
obliquely bent; whorls numerous, rather convex, the last large,
round, aperture narrow. Length, 19 mill.
Hob. unknown.
STYLIFER. 293
S. SOLIDUS, A. Ad. PL 71, fig. 60.
Subulate, rather solid, opaque ; whorls numerous, the apical
small, tortuous ; aperture rather short, acuminated below.
Length, 12'5 mill.
Hab. unknown.
S. TASMANICUS, Tenison-Woods. PI. 71, fig. 61.
Milky-white, pellucid, smooth, shining; whorls 7, convex,
suture impressed. Length, 4 mill.
Tasmania.
Figured from a specimen. Is it not rather an Eulima?
Un figured Species.
S. CURTA, Yerrill. Off Martha's Vineyard, 410 fms.
S. BRYCHINA, Watson. So. Atlantic.
S. COMATULICOLA, Graff. Mediterranean.
S. LODDER^E and S. ROBUSTUS, Petterd. Tasmania.
S. ROBUSTUS, Pease. Sandwich Is.
Subgenus CYTHNIA, Carp., 1864.
S. ASTERTAPHILA, Carp, (unfigured). Cape St. Lucas, L. Gal.
S. TUMENS, Carp, (unfigured). Mazatlan.
S. ALBIDA, Carp. Southern California.
Subgenus PLICIFER, H. Adams, 1868.
S NEVJLLI, H. Adams. PL 71, fig. 62.
Thin, semiopaque, whitish, suture distinct; whorls 6J, styli-
form at the apex, the rest irregularly flexuosely striate and
spirally lirate ; columella callous, spirally plicate ; lip profoundly
sinuated behind. Length, 3'5 mill.
Ceylon.
FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDM.
Shell turriculated, composed of nuraerous whorls, with long
spire, the apex heterostrophe ; aperture entire, the outer lip
generally sharp, the columella with one or several plications.
Operculum corneous, paucispiral, with excentric nucleus, the
columellar margin sinuated.
Animal with flattened, ear-shaped tentacles channeled outside
towards their extremity, connate at the base; eyes sessile,
immersed at the icner sides of the base ; proboscis long, retrac-
tile, coming from an orifice situated immediately below the base
of the tentacles ; veil distinct, elongated, entire or divided in
front reaching to the anterior margin of the foot ; foot truncated
or sinused in front, extending far beyond the head, attenuated
behind. Probably carnivorous, but the lingual teeth are want-
ing, or rudimentary.
No zoological characters of importance separate this family
from the Turbonillidse ; the distinction is mainly one of conve-
nience, the present group containing those shells, usually larger,
having two or more columellar plications (only one in Syrnola),
the Turbonillidse being composed of minute shells having a single
small plication, or without any.
The heterostrophe and turned-over summit of the spire is one
of the most remarkable features of the shell, a character found
in few o'ther families of mollusks. In the animal the presence of
a mentum or veil is also a curious feature. It is developed below
the mouth, and may be derived from the conjunction of buccal
tentacles, or perhaps represents the propodium, as in Natica.
The genus Pyramidella and its subgroups contain all the living
species of the family, and a few fossils, cretaceous and tertiary ;
the other genera are exclusively fossil. " The Pyramidellidse
present subjects of much interest to the students of extinct
mollusca ; numerous forms, bearing all the aspect of being mem-
bers of this family occur. . . . Many of them are gigantic
compared with existing species, and the group, as a whole, may
(294)
PYRAMIDELLID.E. 295
be regarded rather as appertaining to past ages than the present
epoch." FOBBES.
Pyramidella and Obeliscus have been monographed by :
Kiener, Coquilles vivantes, 6 species.
Arthur Adams in Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, ii, 53
species.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., xv, 45 species, 1862.
Synopsis of Genera.
Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lam., 1799.
Shell turriculated, of many whorls, longitudinally ribbed or
smooth ; aperture semioval, entire, rounded in front, the columella
straight, with anterior strong plications, outer lip sharp, often
plicate within.
Inhabits tropical seas. Fossil, cretaceous and tertiary.
Subgenus PYRAMIDELLA (sensu stricto).
Shell smooth typically with perforated axis. P. DOLABRATA,
Linnaeus.
Obeliscus (Humphrey, 1797), Morch, 1852, is a synonym.
Section LONCH^EUS, Morch, 1874.
Shell imperforate, last whorl with a median sulcus. P.
PUNCTATA, Chemn.
Section TRIPTYCHUS, Morch, 1874.
Shell subulate, spirally paucilirate, aperture lirate within, sub-
sinuated in front, columella triplicate. P. NIVEA, Morch.
Section AMOURA, de Folin, 1873.
Shell subcylindrical, elongated, with feeble longitudinal ribs
and two spiral cords ; last whorl concentrically striated at the
base ; columella biplicate. P. ANGULIFERA, Folin.
Section TIBERIA, Jeffreys, 1875.
Shell very small, umbilicatcd, columella biplicate. P. NITIDULA,
A. Ad.
Subgenus OTO PLEURA, Fischer, 1885.
Shell oval, turriculated, pupiform, with longitudinal ribs;
aperture oval, siibchanneled at the base of the columella ; coin-
29G PYRAMIDELLID^E.
mella with several plications, lip thickened, often expanded. P.
AURIS-CATI, Chemn.
This is the restricted Pyramidella of H. and A. Adams and
most of their successors ; the smooth shells which Lamarck
designated by that name, being generally known as Obeliscus.
The erroneous application of these names has become so well-
established that I confess I follow Dr. Fisher with some reluc-
tance in his correction of the errors.
Subgenus SYRNOLA, A. Adams, 18G9.
Shell small, subulate, polished ; whorls flattened, suture well
marked ; columelia with a single plication, outer lip simple.
The Syrnolae are small, slender Pyramidellids, with a single
columellar plait. P. GRACILLINA, A. Ad.
Section AGATHA, A. Ad., 1860.
Shell oval acuminated ; spiral plication very strong. P. AUS-
TRALIS, Angas.
Section AMATHIS, A. Adams, 1861.
Aperture dilated, rounded in front, acute behind. Possibly-
synonymous with Agatha. P. VJRGO, A. Ad.
Section OSCILLA, A. Adams, 1867.
Shell solid, ovate or pyramidally turreted, imperforate; whorls
strongly spirally lirate ; aperture oval or subquadrate, with a
strong, transverse, median parietal plication. P. ANNULATA, A.
Ad.
Section ORINA, A. Adams, 1870.
Shell conoidal, profoundly umbilicated ; whorls flattened,
smooth ; aperture subquadrangular, with a single columellar fold.
0. PINGUICULA, A. Ad.
Section ELUSA, A. Adams, 1861.
Shell subulate, tnrreted ; whorls longitudinally plicate ; aper-
ture ovate, columelia with a single plait, outer lip lirate within.
P. SUBULATA, P. TERES, A. Ad.
The above groups are all founded on Japanese species, mostly
unfigured ; the characters appear to be unimportant.
PYRAMIDELLIDjE. 297
Subgenus CHRYSALLIDA, Carpenter, 1857.
Shell small, pupiform, generally cancellated; peristome con-
tinuous, edge of lip simple, columella profoundly but distinctly
plaited ; operculum (in the typical species) radiately corrugated.
West Coast of America, Japan, West Indies. P. COMMUNIS, C. B.
Ad.
This group might be equally well placed in Odostomia.
Section MORMULA, A. Ad., 1863.
Subulately turreted, rissoid, solid, thick, longitudinally plicate ;
aperture large, columella spirally tortuous, lip thickened within,
margin acute. P. RTSSOINA, P. ACLTS, A. Ad.
Lancea, Pease, 1867, is a synonym.
Section STYLOPTYGMA, A. Ad., 1860.
Shell pupiform, subpellucid ; whorls a little convex, with
transverse grooves; aperture Bubquad rang alar, lip dilated, colu-
mella obliquely plicate above. P. STYLINA, A. Adams.
Subgenus ACT^EOPYRAMIS, Fischer, 1885.
Shell elongate, imperforate, subconical ; whorls numerous, with
spiral striae, sometimes cancellated; aperture oval-elongated,
rounded in front ; columella with a strong spiral fold. P. STRIATA,
Gray.
The name is substituted for Monoptygma, Gray, 1840, preoc-
cupied by Lea, 1833. These shells recall the genus Actaeon by
their form and sculpture, and may possibly include some of the
small groups Myonia, Kleinella and Leucotina of A. Adams, now
arranged with that genus.
Section MUMIOLA, A. Adams, 1863.
Shell thin, elongate or ovate; whorls convex, cancellate or
granulose; aperture ovate, the lip-margin regularly arcuate. P.
SPIRATA, A. Adams. Philippines.
Section CARELTOPSIS. Morch, 1874.
Shell turriculated, having the form of Garelia Cumingii. P.
STYLTFORMIS, Morch. West Indies.
298 IYRAMIDELLTD^E.
Genus SYRNOLOPSIS, E. A. Smith, 1880.
Shell subulate, smooth, imperforate ; aperture broadly sinuated
at the base, outer lip sinuous, slightly thickened, furnished far
within with one or two prominent lirae, columella with a distinct
plait. Operculum unknown. S. LACUSTRIS, Smith. Lake Tanga-
nyika, E. Africa (fresh water).
The systematic position of this group is very uncertain : being
lacustrine, Dr. Fischer has included it with doubt in the Hydro-
biinse, but the characters of the shell (the apex is eroded) ap-
pear to me to be closer to the present family.
* * *
Genus XERIXJ2A, Defrance, 1825. ,
Shell elongated, many-whorled, nearly cylindrical; aperture
channeled and produced in front, with plications within the outer
lip and on the columella. About 150 species, Jurassic and Creta-
ceous. N. TRINODOSA, d'Orb., Struct, and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f.
10; N. TRACHEA, Desh., Ibid. t. 68, f. 13.
Section NERIN^EA (sensu stricto).
Folds simple, two or three on the columella, one or two within
the outer lip ; axis solid or perforated.
Section NERINELLA, Sharpe, 1850.
Columella solid, folds simple, one on the outer lip, and one or
none on the columella.
Section TROCHALIA, Sharpe, 1850.
Columella perforated, with one fold, outer wall simple, or
thickened, or with one simple fold.
Section PTYGMATTS, Sharpe, 1850.
Columella solid or perforated, usually with three folds ; outer
wall with one to three folds, some of them complicated in form.
Subgenus HALLOYSIA, Briart and Cornet, 1878.
Shell elongated, turriculated ; whorls numerous, axis widely
umbilicated ; aperture rounded or subquadrangular, columella
biplicate.
N. BiPLiCATA, Br. et Corn. Struct, and Syst. Conch., t. 68, f. 14.
L. Eocene of Mons, Belgium.
PYR AMI BELLA. 299
Subgenus CRYPTOPLOCUS, Pictet and Campiche, 1854.
Shell like Nerinsea, but without columellar or labral plaits;
there is one plication on the posterior face of the aperture (as in
some Cerithiums) ; aperture rounded in front, without channel ;
axis umbilicatecl or imperforate ; 7 species, Jurassic and Cre-
taceous. Europe.
N. MONILIFERA, d'Orb.
Subgenus APTYXIS, Zittel, 1873.
Shell turreted, nearly cylindrical, imperforate; whorls numer-
ous, not embracing; aperture lengthened subquadrangular,
without plications, the columella with a fold-like thickening.
The synonyms are Paclujstylus, Gemmellaro, 1878, and Aptyxi-
ella, Fischer, 1885. The latter name was given because of
Aptyxis, Troschel, 1868 which, however, is a synon} T m.
A. SEXCOSTATA, d'Orb. Jurassic.
? Genus SOLENISCUS, Meek and Worthen, 1860.
Shell fusiform, smooth, body -whorl contracted below into a
distinct canal, columella with a single oblique plait.
S. TYPICUS, Meek. Carboniferous, Illinois.
Genus PTRAM1DELLA, Lam., 1799.
Typical Group.
P. VENTRICOSA, Guerin. PI. 72, figs. 63-65.
Slightly striated longitudinally, the last whorl ventricose ;
yellowish white with irregular light chestnut undulating longi-
tudinal stripes, more or less intensified into revolving bands ;
columella triplicate. Length, 1-25 inches.
Viti Islands, Vanikoro, Singapore.
Besides the type, I figure a white variet}^. P. scitula, A. Ad.
(fig. 65), is only a younger state of this species.
P. CINCTA, Reeve. PL 72, fig. 66.
Smooth, white, with a broad central chestnut zone, appearing
on the spire whorls; columella triplicate, perforation narrow.
Length, 20 mill.
Philippines.
300 PYRAMIDELLA.
P. FASTIGIUM, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 67.
White, polished, narrowly umbilicated, last whorl large, obso-
letely angulated on the periphery ; columella triplicate, outer lip
strongly plicate within. Length, 18 mill.
Isl. of Bohol, Philippines.
P. PERFORATA, A. Ad. PI. 72,' fig. 68.
Widely and deeply umbilicated, white, polished, with a spiral
pale chestnut band ; whorls flattened, the last large, subangulate
on the periphery. Length, 16 mill.
St. John's, W. I.
P. BALTEATA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 69.
Umbilicated, white, shining, with a chestnut band, the whorls
flattened, the last one subangulated on the periphery, columella
biplicate. Length, 6*5 mill.
Isl. Mindanao, Philippines.
P. PUSTLLA, A. Ad. PL 72, fig. 70.
White, perforate, apex obtuse ; whorls rather flattened, suture
deep, last whorl subangulate ; columella biplicate.
Length, 4'5 mill.
Luzon, Philippines.
P. DOLABRATA, Linn. PI. 72, figs. 71-74.
Umbilicated, smooth, white, with three or four narrow chest-
nut spiral lines on the body, and two on the spire-whorls ; outer
lip often lirate within. Length, 1-1-4 inches.
West Indies.
Strombus columella, Meusch., is a synonym.
Yar. SUBDOLABRATUS, Morch.
Shell thin, shortly conical, last whorl inflated, lip without
ridges. Runs into the type form.
Wed Indies.
Var. TEREBELLUM, Mull. Fig. 73.
Whorls somewhat less convex, bands a little wider and choco-
late colored.
Sandwich Islands, Viti Is., Mauritius, Red Sea.
Usually known under the name of the next variety, with
which it is probably synonymous.
Var. TEREBELLOIDES, A. Ad. Fig. 74.
More slender than the last variety, columella with two instead
of three plicae ; whorls with two or three slim chestnut lines.
Length, 1 inch. Polynesia.
PYRAMIDELLA. 301
P. PULCHELLA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 75.
Shell polished, 3 f ellowish white, with a sutural chocolate band,
appearing on the periphery of the last whorl ; columella with
two plications.
Red Sea, Japan.
Described as having a single plication on the columella, which
would place it in Syrnola, but a second plica is more or less
developed.
Section LONCILEUS, Morch, 1874.
P. ACUS, Gmel. PL 72, figs. 76-78.
Polished, white, with dark chestnut or chocolate spots, usually
arranged in three revolving series on the spire whorls and five
series on the bod}"; columella three-plaited, the upper plait largest,
lip sometimes lirate within. Length, 1-25-2 in.
Polynesia, Mauritius, Red Sea.
It is P. punctata (Chemn.), Morch ; P. guttata, Link, and
P. maculosa, Lam. The peripheral groove becomes in this, as in
most of the other species of the section, either obsolete or
indicated by a slight angle.
P. SULCATA, A. Ad. PI. 72, figs. 79-83.
White, nebulously longitudinally strigate with pale orange-
chestnut, frequently breaking up into revolving series of dots ;
aperture channeled at the aperture, columella three-plicate.
Length, 1-1*5 in.
Sandwich Is., Philippines, Australia, Mauritius, Red Sea.
Adams has used for this species a MS. name given it by
Nuttall ; P. tessellata, A. Ad. (fig. 80), is founded on a 3 r ounger
slimmer individual ; P. monilix, A. Ad. (fig. 81), represents a
faded specimen of the same form and age, and P. teres, A. Ad.
(fig. 82), is from a still younger, faded specimen. All these
forms, and the intermediates, are represented in the series before
me. I am inclined to place here also, P. Pratii, Bernardi (fig.
83), a specimen from unknown locality, having the characters of
coloration and basal sinus of P. sulcata, but with a deeper per-
ipheral groove and angle than usual.
P. TURRITA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 84, 85.
Fulvous, obsoletely maculated with a deeper tint ; whorls
302 PYRAMIDELLA.
flattened, suture deep, crenulated, frequently whitish, last whorl
with a distinct median sulcus, aperture produced in front.
Length, 22 mill. North Australia, New Caledonia.
The shell which is figured in the Thesaurus Conchyliorum as
P. gracilis, Brocchi (fig. 85), appears to be very similar to this
species ; the true P. gracilis is a Turbonilla and = T. lactea,
Linn. Issel identifies a Red Sea species with the figure of
gracilis in Kiener, but recognizes the distinction of that figure
from Brocchi's species, and calls it P. Kieneri.
P. CHEMNITZIANA, A. Ad. PI. 72, fig. 86.
Narrowly elongated, white ; whorls numerous, rather flattened,
with angle at the suture, and on periphery of last whorl, aperture
small, columella two-plaited. Length, 9 mill.
Viti Is.
P. GARRETTII, Tryon. PI. 72, fig. 87.
Whorls flattened, yellowish, with chestnut colored nebulous
longitudinal strigations, suture channeled, last whorl with a per-
ipheral sulcus ; columella three-plicate, the upper fold very
strong, lower ones approximate and more oblique.
Length, 15 mill. Viti Islands (Garrett).
P. CONICA, C. B. Adams. PI. 72, figs. 88, 89.'
Whorls flattened, with deep channeled suture, which is some-
times slightly crenulated, periphery also channeled ; fulvous,
faintly banded with darker color ; aperture produced below,
columella triplicate. Length, 13-15 mill.
Florida, Panama, Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas, San Diego, Cal.
Described from Panama; P. uarieguta, Carp., from Cape St.
Lucas, etc., also answers to the description perfectly. I have
received the same species from Sarasota Bay, Fla., under the
erroneous name of P. tessellata, Ads. It was dredged there in two
fms. water by Mr. Henry Hemphill.
P. Jiastata, A. Ad. (fig 89), from St. Elena, W. Columbia, is
another synonym; it is included by Morch in his West Indian
catalogue as a synonym of P. Candida, Meuschen.
V
P. CANALICULATA, Sowb. PL 73, fig. 90.
Whorls flattened, yellowish, banded and spotted with chestnut,
with fine longitudinal white raised strigations, appearing like low
FYRAM1DELLA. 303
rounded riblets, with occasional darker macnlations, especially
on the base, suture and periphery channeled ; aperture channeled
at the base, columella straight, three plaited. Length, 15 mill.
Sandwich Islands.
P. ACHATES, Gould. PI. 73, fig. 91.
Shell pupiforin, with obtuse apex and elongated aperture ;
light fulvous, with pale chestnut maculations in revolving series ;
suture and periphery channeled ; columella triplicate.
Length, 12 mill.
W. Coast of Mexico.
P. clavuluSj A. Ad., is a synonym.
P. JUCUNDA, Angas. PI. 73, fig. 92.
Smooth, shining, white, with two chestnut bands on each
whorl, three on the body-whorl, suture impressed; "columella
with a prominent twisted Ibid encircling the pillar."
Length, 6 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
According to the description this would be a Syrnola, but the
figure shows two columellar folds. ,
P. PAUMOTEXSIS, Tryon. PI. 73, fig. 93.
Shell thin, smooth, hyaline, white, upper whorls suddenly taper-
ing to an acute apex, base slighty produced; whorls 9, convex,
suture margined ; columella slightly callous, with two oblique
plaits, the lower one most conspicuous, the upper smaller and
deep-seated. Length, 10 mill.
Paumotus and Society Islands.
The form of the spire and position of the plicae indicate for
this species a distinct section of the genus. It much resembles
Agatha Australis, Angas, in the lower plication. Described as
P. hyalina, Garrett ; I have changed the name on account of P.
hyalina, Dunker.
Unfigured Species of Pyramidella and Lonchxus.
P. VITREA, A. Ad. (Described as a Syrnola, but afterwards made
an Obeliscus = Pyramidella). Japan.
P. TRIFASCTATA and P. EBURNEA, A. Ad. Japan.
P. SOLIDA, Sowerby. Tranquebar.
P. TASMANICA, Petterd. Tasmania.
304 PYRAMIDELLA.
P. ROSEA, Huttou. New Zealand.
P. MINUTA, Phil. Red Sea.
P. SUTURALTS, Maltzan. Ins. Goree, W. Africa.
P. FLORIDANUS, Morch. West Indies.
P. BICOLOR, Menke. California.
Section TRIPTYCHUS, Morch, 1874.
P. NIVEA, Morch. PL 73, fig. 1.
White, slender; whorls flattened, each with three spiral ribs,
the two upper ones nodulous, body-whorl with two plain ribs below
the nodulous ones, and three revolving ridges below the periphery,
forming columellar folds ; aperture produced below.
Length, 8'5 mill.
Key West,Fla.; West Indies.
P. vincta, Dall, is a synonym. The shell is scarcely a Pyra-
midella the sculpture and plications are different.
Section AMOURA, de Folin, 1873.
P. ANGULIFERA, de Folin. (Description inaccessible to me.)
Section TJBERIA, Jeffreys, 1875.
P. NITIDULA, A. Adams. PL 73, fig. 96.
Deeply umbilicated, small, white, often banded, smooth ;
whorls few, rather flat, suture impressed, columella two-plaited.
Length, 4 mill.
Japan, Mediterranean Sea, Cape Verd Is., West Indies.
These localities are all abundantly confirmed. Dr. Jeffreys
writes : " 1 have carefully compared my i Porcupine ' and Medi-
terranean specimens with those from Japan and Corea, which I
received from the late Mr. Arthur Adams and my friend Capt.
St. John, and I cannot detect the slightest difference between
any of them in shape, colored band, umbilicus or dentition of
the pillar" (Zool. Proc., 364, 1884). Dr. Jeffreys considers the
following synonymous :
P. MINUSCULA, Monts.; P. MEDITERRANEA, Monts. ; P. SUBFAR-
CINATA and P. TitfCTA, Watson; P. L^EVIUSCULA, Jeffreys (not S.
Wood); P. EXILIS (var.), Jeffreys.
PYRAMIDELLA. 305
Subgenus OTOPLEURA, Fischer, 1885.
P. AURIS-CATI, Chemn. PL 73, fig. 95.
Smooth, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs ending in nodules
at the sutures, with spiral rows of chestnut spots, interstices of
the ribs spirally striated. Length, '75-1 inch.
Philippines, Mauritius.
The synonyms are P. spiralis, Wood, P. plicata, Lam.
P. NODICINCTA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 100.
White, with spiral rows of chestnut spots ; whorls angulated
above, with longitudinal ribs produced into nodules at the angles ;
lower part of body-whorl pitted, forming a sort of network be-
tween the pits. Length, *75-l inch. Philippines.
I think this will prove to be a variety of the foregoing species.
P. MITRALIS, A. Ad. PI. 73, figs. 94, 97, 2, 3.
Whitish, clouded and indistinctly banded with pale brown;
whorls rather convex, longitudinall}' ribbed, slightly angulated
at the suture, interstices spirally striated. Length, 15-18 mill.
Philippines, Taheiti ; Mauritius, Red Sea.
P. PROPINQUA, A. Ad. (fig. 97), P. VARIEGATA, A. Ad. (fig. 3),
and P. MAGNiFiCA, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 2), appear to be syno-
nyms.
P. GLANS, Reeve. PL 73, fig. 98.
White, with a narrow chocolate band above and below the
suture, the lower half of the body-whorl chocolate colored, longi-
tudinally closely ribbed, the interstices spirally striated.
Length, 12 mill. Philippines.
Possibly only a variety of the foregoing species.
P. NITIDA, A. Ad. PL 73, fig. 99.
Oral, shining, white, sometimes marbled with pale chestnut;
longitudinally flatly ribbed, interstices pitted. Length, 7 '5 mill.
Philippines, Viti Is.
P. CORRUGATA, Lam. PL 73, fig. 4.
White, with small sparse 3*ellow spots near the suture, longi-
tudinally plicate, the interstices spirally striated; columella
three-plaited. Length, 23 mill.
Isle of France (Coll. Lamarck).
A doubtful species ; looks like a fossil.
20
306 PYRAMIDELLA.
Subgenus SYRNOLA, A. Adams, I860.
P. ELEGANS, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 7.
Subperforate, longitudinally and spirally striate, apex very
acute ; fulvous, with a chestnut line on the periphery and suture;
suture channeled ; whorls flat, periphery obtusely angulated.
Length, 9 mill.
Singapore.
P. BRUNNEA, A. Ad. PL 73, figs. 9, 8.
Solid, narrow, yellowish brown; whorls 15, flatly convex,
aperture ribbed within. Length, 15 mill.
Japan.
This species is figured twice in the Conch. Iconica, first under
the above name, and again as P. fulva, Sowb. (fig. 8), with
brunnea, A. Ad., as a synonym ; Mr. Sowerby being under the
impression that his figures represent different species, and that
Mr. Adams had described them both as brunnea, whereas the
latter only described brunnea once.
P. ATTENUATA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 5.
Slender, whitish, shining, finely spirally striated ; whorls flat-
tened, suture profound. Length, 1T5 mill.
Ins. Bohol, Philippines.
P. ADAMSI, Tryon. PI. 73, fig. C.
Subulate, polished, smooth, orange-brown ; whorls numerous,
flatly convex, suture deep; lip lirate within. Length, 10'5 mill.
Ins. Bohol, Philippines.
For Obeliscus aclis, A. Ad. Preoccupied by himself in section
Mormula.
P. ACTCULATA, A. Ad. PI. 73, figs. 10, 11.
Slender, fulvous white ; whorls numerous, convex, flattened in
the middle, longitudinally substriate, suture deep.
Length, 12'5 mill.
Ins. Cagayan, Philippines (Cuming); Viti Is. (Garrett).
Described as an Obeliscus, and afterw.ards placed in Syrnola.
Sowerby, who includes both in his Pyramidella, apparently
supposes them to be distinct species, and changes the name of
the one to P. denticulata (fig. 11). If his much enlarged figure
is accurate, this is probably a distinct species.
PYRAMIDELLA. 307
P. CROCATA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 12.
Solid, smooth, yellowish brown; whorls rather flat, suture
impressed, periphery rounded. Length, 4 mill.
Japan.
P. GRACILLIMA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 13.
Slender, yellowish white ; whorls flat, the last obtusely angular
at the periphery. Length, 4 mill.
Japan.
P. CINCTELLA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 14.
Smooth, white, with a chestnut line at the periphery and above
the suture; whorls 9, sloping^, flatly convex. Length, 10 mill.
Japan.
P. STRIATULA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 15.
Whitish, subpellucid ; whorls 8, slopingly convex, spirally
striated ; aperture lirate within. Length, 6 mill.
Viti Is.
P. ORNATA, Gould. PI. 73, fig. 16.
Narrowly cylindrical? smooth ; yellowish white, with a chest-
nut line on the periphery and above the suture ; whorls numerous,
convex. Length, 6 mill. Coral Sea.
According to Sowerby S. columnella, A. Ad. (unfigured), is a
S} 7 nonym.
P. CYLINDRELLA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 17.
Narrowly subcylindrical, whitish, with a chestnut line on the
periphery, appearing above the suture on the spire ; whorls
numerous, rather flat, a little swollen near the impressed suture.
Length, 4 mill.
Japan.
P. PUPINA, A. Ad. PI. 73, fig. 19.
Smooth, white, with a spiral chestnut peripheral line, showing
above the suture ; whorls 9, flatly convex, suture impressed ;
aperture a little expanded in front. Length, 5 mill. Japan.
A little wider than P. cylindrella.
P. MODICA, A. Ad. PL 73, fig. 20.
Xarrowly cylindrical, obtuse, white with pale bands and a
chestnut line above the suture ; whorls 9, flattened, suture
impressed. Length, 4 mill. Japan.
Appears to be more narrow than P. cylindrella.
308 PYRAMIDELLA.
P. SEROTINA, A. Ad. . PL 73, fig. 21.
Narrowly subcylindrical, white, with a chestnut line above the
suture and on the x periphery ; whorls 7, the last long, suture
well-impressed ; plication far back. Length 3'5 mill.
Japan.
P. MINUTA, H. Adams. PL 73, fig. 22.
Subulate, tumid in the middle, rather solid, polished ; whitish,
with a chestnut line above the suture and at the periphery ;
suture impressed; whorls 10, flattened; columellar plication
conspicuous, transverse. Length, 4 mill.
Orotava, Tenerijfe.
Appears precisely like P. serotina, except that the plica is
stronger.
P. SUBULINA, A. Ad. PL 73, fig. 23.
Tapering, pointed, smooth, whitish with a chestnut line above
the suture and at the periphery ; whorls numerous, slopingly,
flatly convex. Length, 4 mill.
Japan.
P. SMITHII, Try on. PL 73, fig. 18.
Narrowly elongated, polished, white ; whorls 11, plano-convex,
with a diaphanous band below the suture; columella with a
small plait. Length, 6*5 mill.
Whydah, W. Africa.
Described by Mr. E. A. Smith as S. gracillima, preoccupied
by A. Adams.
P. TINCTA, Angas. PL 73, fig. 24.
Rather solid, smooth, shining, whitish, irregularly banded and
marked with brown; whorls 10^, flatly convex, suture deep;
columellar plait rather prominent. Length, 6 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
P. SOLIDULA, Dkr. PI, 73, fig. 26.
Rather solid, yellowish white ; whorls 7, somewhat flattened ;
lip lirate within, columella short with a strong plica.
Length, 5 mill. Japan.
Yar. FASCIATA, Jickeli.
Upper whorls with a single chestnut line, two lines on the
penultimate and three on the body whorl.
Red Sea.
PYRAMIDELLA. 309
P. HYALINA, Dkr. PL 73, fig. 25.
Whitish, hyaline, smooth, polished ; whorls somewhat convex,
suture deep; lip quadrilirate within, columella uniplicate and
sinuate above. Length, 5'5 mill.
Japan.
Unfigured and Undetermined Syrnolx.
P. BUXEA, Gould. Japan.
P. BIFASCIATA, Woods. Tasmania.
P. BIZONALIS, P. D^EDALA, P. LATEA, P. MERA, P. PISTILLUM,
P. TERETIUSCULA, all of A. Adams. Japan.
P. SUBULA, Gould. China Sea.
P. LUCIDA, A. Ad, Eed Sea.
P. TENUISCULPTA, Lischke (figure inaccessible to me). Japan.
Section AGATHA, A. Ad., 1860.
P. AUSTRALIS, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 27.
Acuminately ovate, rather thin, opaque, whitish ; whorls 8,
slightly convex, suture a little channeled ; columella with a strong
spiral plait. Length, 8 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
Section AMATHIS, A. Ad., 1861.
P. VIRGO, A. Adams (unfigured). Korea Strait; 46 fms.
The following species are added by Mr. Adams, all of them
unfigured and from Japan :
P. PRODUCTA (Odostomia) and P. PELLUCIDA, P. EBURNEA and
P. CONCINNA, described as Menestho.
Section OSCILLA, A. Ad., 1867.
P. ANNULATA, A. Adams. PI. 74, fig. 28.
Whitish 4 whorls numerous, flattened, spirally ribbed, the
interstices longitudinally striated ; columella with a single
posterior plication, lip subcrenulated, interior lirate.
Length, 5 mill.
Philippines; Singapore; Japan.
310 PYRAMIDELLA.
P. LIGATA, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 29.
Rather thin, rosy-white, spiral ribs prominent; whorls 6;
outer lip simple, columella with a small transverse plait.
Length, 2 mill.
Botany Bay, Australia.
Unfigured Species.
P. L1RATA, P. SULCATA, P. CINGULATA, P. C1RCINATA, all of
A. Adams. Japan.
P. ZIZIPHINA, P. EXARATA, Carp. Mdzatlan.
Section ORINA, A. Ad., 1870.
P. piNGuicuLA, A. Ad. (unfigured). Gulf of Suez.
P. PYRAMIDALIS (Syrnola), A. Ad. (unfigured). Japan.
Section ELUSA, A. Ad., 1861.
P. SUBULATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 30.
Umbilicated, apex mucronate, smooth, pellucid, whitish, some-
what shining; whorls plano-convex, strongly longitudinally
costate, interstices punctate; columella uni plicate in the middle,
aperture produced and subchanneled below. Length, 9'5 mill.
Philippines; Japan; Bed Sea.
P. GRACILIS, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 31.
Whitish, shining, with a chestnut line above the suture, and
on the periphery of the last whorl; whorls flattened, distantly
longitudinally costate, interstices smooth. Length, 9 mill.
Philippines; Japan; Bed Sea.
P. RUPPELLT, Jickeli. PL 74, fig. 32.
Subrimate, rather solid, white, a little shining, longitudinally
elegantly plicate, lightly impressly spirally striate ; whorls 11,
planulate, scarcely submargined above ; lip slightly sinuate
above, columella callously thickened. Length, 12 mill.
Bed Sea.
P. METULA, A. Ad. PL 74, fig. 33.
Whitish, apex a little obtuse; whorls 10, planulate, closely
regularly longitudinally ribbed, the interstices spirally striate ;
lip and columella thickened, the latter with a median plica.
Length, 13 mill. Philippines.
PYRAMIDELLA. 311
P. KREBSII, Morch. PL 75, fig. 13.
Yellowish or brownish, shining, closely costate, and spirally
punctate in the interspaces, the costse becoming broader at the
suture, and evanescent on the last whorl, suture with a wide ash-
colored band; aperture Clausiliform, constricted above, inner
lip thick, the columellar plication oblique, wide.
St. Thomas, W. I.
Yar. PINGUIS, Morch.
Shell more solid, with more strongly marked costse.
P. ELEGANS, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 14.
Thin, white, longitudinally costate ; whorls 9, subscalariform,
angularly convex and spirally striate below, suture crenate,
columella uniplicate. Length, 3 - 5 mill.
Cuba.
Unfigured Species of Section Elusa.
P. CASTANEA, P. BADIA, P. STRIGULATA, P. CINNAMOMEA, P. TERES,
all of A. Adams. Japan.
P. ERYTIIROSCLERA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I.
Subgenus CHRYSALLIDA, Carp., 1857.
All the typical species, with one exception, occur on the west
coast of Mexico, Panama, and in the seas of Japan ; they have
been described by Carpenter, C. B. Adams and Arthur Adams,
and none of them are figured.
C. TELESCOPIUM, C. REIGENI, C. ANGUSTA, C. CREBRISTRIATA,
C. EFFUSA, C. FASCIATA, C. INDENTATA, C. OVULUM, all of
Carpenter. Mazatlan, etc.
C. PUMILA, Carpenter. California.
C. MARGINATA, C. COMMUNIS, C. PAUPERCULA, C. B. Adams.
Panama.
C. CURTINA, Gould. So. Carolina.
C. FILOCINCTA, C. ERUCELLA, C. RUFOLTNEATA, C. GALBULA,
C. METULA, C. PLICATA, C. GEMMA, C. COSTELLATA, C. MUN-
DULA, C. TENUICULA, C. INCONSPICUA, C. TEREBRA, C. NANA,
C. MUMTA, C. MUNDA, C. ALVEATA, C. CONSOBRINA, C. CON-
SIMILIS, C. PUPULA, all of A. Adams. Japan.
312 PYRAMIDELLA.
Section MORMULA, A. Adams, 1863.
P. ACLTS, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 34.
White, shining; whorls 8, somewhat flattened, longitudinally
plicate, the interstices smooth ; lip dilated, columella somewhat
thickened. Length, 7 mill. Philippines.
P. ELONGATA, Pease. PI. 74, fig. 35.
Longitudinally closely ribbed, spirally striate ; whorls 14,
convex, with a simple varix on each whorl, suture well impressed ;
columella twisted below, lip widely varicose on its outer edge,
strongly lirate within. Length, 19 mill.
Paumotus (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett).
P. GRANDIS, Ads. and Reeve. PI. 74, fig. 36.
Longitudinally costate, the last whorl smooth below, white.
Length, 15 mill. Eastern Seas.
P. VARTCOSA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 35 a.
Light-brownish, with pale chestnut bands ; whorls flattened,
varicose, closely longitudinally costate, crossed by spiral lirae,
the interstices with spiral raised lines. Length, 1 inch.
Eastern Seas.
P. CORNELLIANA, Newcomb. PL 74, fig. 37.
Solid, white, shining, lightly longitudinally costate, and spirally
striate ; whorls 8, rounded, the 4th and 7tk with an obscure varix ;
lip thickened, indistinctly bilabiate. Length, 10 mill.
Honolulu, Sandwich Is.
Unfigured and Undetermined Species.
P. AMBIGUA, Gould. = Rissoina.
P. EGREGIA, A. Adams. Philippines.
P. MACANDR^EA, A. Adams. Gulf of Suez.
P. RISSOINA, A. Adams. Japan.
Section STYLOPTYGMA, A. Ad., 1860.
P. TYPICA, Tryon. PI. 74, fig. 38.
White, shining, subpellucid, spirally striate ; whorls flattened,
the last with a central sulcus, apex suddenly acuminated ; colu-
mella posterior^ 7 uniplicate. Length, 8 mill.
Ins. Bohol, Philippines.
The name is substituted for P. stylina, A. Ad., preoccupied.
PYRAMIDELLA. 313
P. AURANTIACA, Angas. PI. 74, fig. 40.
Rather thin, shining, fulvous orange, with a pale hand at the
suture, darker on the lower whorls, fading into white towards
the apex ; whorls 8, finely transversely striated ; lip-fold very
small, rudimentar} T . Length, 6 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
Un figured Species.
P. CLAUSILIFORMIS, Carpenter. Mazatlan.
P. PUPIFORME, P. SUBULTFORME, P. CEREUM, P. GIBBUM, P. LAR-
VULA, all of A. Adams. Japan.
P. LENDIX, A. Adams. Japan, Gulf of Suez.
P. NIVEA, A. Adams. Gulf of Suez.
Subgenus ACT.EOPYRAMIS, Fischer, 1885.
P. STRIATA, Gray. PI. 14, fig. 39.
Solid, olivaceous, deeply, distantly, spirally sulcate ; aperture
white. Length, 1 inch.
Philippines.
P. FULVA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 42.
Slender, solid, fulvous, spirally sulcate; whorls flattened,
suture deep ; aperture brown. Length, 1 inch.
Philippines.
P. GRANULATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 43.
White, solid ; whorls rather flat, gradate, longitudinally cor-
rugately plicate, spirally, deeply, distantly grooved ; columellar
fold prominent. Length, 6 mill.
Philippines.
P. LAUTA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 44.
Thin, somewhat pellucid, whitish ; whorls flattened, longitudi-
nally striated, spirally, distantly grooved. Length, 7 mill.
Philippines.
P. AM(ENA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 41.
Thin, rather pellucid, white, substriated longitudinally, spirally
distantly sulcated, interstices elegantly punctate.
Length, 9 mill.
Philippines.
314
PYRAMIDELLA.
P. CASTA, A. Ad. PL 74, fig. 45.
White, thin, semipellucid ; whorls rather convex, spirally
rather closely grooved, interstices beautifully striated ; c>jlumella
oblique, somewhat tortuous. Length, 11 mill.
China Sea.
P. SPECIOSA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 46.
White, thin, semipellucid; whorls 8, rather convex, with
elevated spiral ridges, the interstices longitudinally striated ;
columella nearly straight, with an oblique faint plication.
Length, 9 mill.
Philippines.
P. STYLINA, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 47.
White, subpellucid, middle whorls somewhat enlarged, a little
flattened, thinly spirally striated, substriated longitudinally.
Length, 8'5 mill.
Philippines.
P. SUTURALIS, A. Ad. PI. 74, fig. 48.
Subumbilicated, white, shining, subdiaphanous ; whorls 7,
flattened, suture channeled, spirally sulcate, last whorl subsolute,
with w r hite articulated bands ; columellar plication evanescent.
Length, 8 mill.
Philippines.
P. CONCINNA, A. Ad. PL 74, fig. 50. v
Grayish white; whorls 6, rather flattened, spirally grooved,
interstices microscopically crenulated ; columellar plait oblique,
somewhat obsolete, lip lirate within. Length, 9 mill. *
Moreton Bay, Australia.
P. PURA, A. Ad. PL 74, fig. 49.
Rather solid, white ; whorls somewhat convex, spirally grooved,
intermediate line smooth, grooves longitudinally striated.
Length, 9 mill.
New Zealand.
P. PUNCTURATA, E. A. Smith. PL 78, fig. 52 a.
Subpellucid, brownish white ; whorls 4, spirally punctatc-
sulcate ; columella obliquely twisted. Length, 5 mill.
Whydah, W. Africa.
Unjlgured Species.
P. EXIMIUM, Lischke (figure inaccessible to me). Japan.
P. CLATHRATULA, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I.
SYRNOLOPSIS. 315
P. (XELATA, P. SULCIFERA, P. PUNCTIGERA, P. METULA, P. VITTATA,
all of A. Adams. Japan.
P. TENELLA, A. Adams. Philippines.
P. PUNCTICULATA, P. siNUATA, Gould. China Seas.
P. ACUMINATA, Gould. Japan.
Section MUMIOLA, A. Ad., 1863.
P. SPIRATA, A. Ad. PI. 74, figs. 52-54.
White, under a yellowish or brownish epidermis, longitudi-
nally plicate, transversely grooved, suture channeled; whorls 8,
gradate ; columella with an oblique fold. Length, 7 mill.
Philippines.
P. CINCTA, Carpenter. PI. 74, fig. 51.
White; whorls somewhat rounded, with deep suture, spirally
costate, decussated by longitudinal riblets, most apparent near
the suture. Length, 3 mill.
Southern California.
Figured from a specimen.
Unfigured Species.
P. TESSELLATA. P. RETicosA, A. Adams. Japan.
P. OVATA, P. ROTUNDATA, P. OBLONGA, P. NODOSA, all of Carpenter.
Mazatlan.
Section CARELIOPSIS, Morch, 1874.
P. STYLIFORMIS, Morch. (Unfigured.) West Indies.
Genus SYRXOLOPSIS, E. A. Smith, 1880.
S. LACUSTRIS, Smith. PI. 74, figs. 55, 56.
Smooth, glossy, imperforate, yellowish horn-color, banded
with white beneath the suture ; whorls 12, flattened, finely
striated by flexuous growth-lines, sometimes showing traces of
spiral stria? ; columella strongly plaited above ; outer lip with
one or two lamellae, far within.
Lake Tanganyika, E. Africa.
Bourguignat, who describes (but without figures) several new
species, divides them into two groups, the first having two
3l6 SYRNOLOPSIS.
lamellae, the second a single one. In consequence of this divi-
sion, the above species is placed among those having two
lamellie, and the figure of it given by Mr. Crosse (fig. 56) is
made a new species under the name of S. Grandidieri, because
of having only one lamella. I do not believe the distinction
wilt hold good, as these plicae are either developed or entirely
absent in the same species in Pyramidellidse.
Unfigured Species.
S. HAMYANA, S. ANCEYANA, S. GIRAUDT, S. MINUTA, all of
Bourguignat. Lake Tanganyika.
FAMILY TURBONILLID^E.
Shell minute, white, slender, elongated, many-whorled, usually
longitudinally or spirally sculptured ; columella without plica-
tions or with a single small fold ; apex sinistral.
Animal as in Pyramidellida?. Operculum corneous, pauci-
spiral.
The species are very small, and mostly more slender than in
Pyramidellidae ; they are numerous, and have been separated
into a number of inferior groups, which are, for the most part,
poorly defined so that their classification is difficult and uncer-
tain. As most of these groups are founded on European
species, I have not, as a rule, included any extra-limital forms,
preferring for my purposes a geographical division of the
species. Hitherto the species have neither been monographed
nor catalogued.
Synopsis of Genera.
Genus TURBOXILLA, Risso, 1826.
Shell slender, elongated, many whorled, generally costulate,
apex sinistral, columella vertical, not plicate. Operculum horny,
subspiral,the columellar margin entire, face with a spiral groove.
Animal with wide tentacles, mentum elongated, flattened,
usually bilobed in front; foot large, anteriorly auriculated.
Comprises a great number of small, graceful, usually white
shells ; distribution universal. Fossil, tertiary. The synonyms
are Chemnitzia, d'Orb., 1839, not 1850; Pyrgiscus, Philippi,
1841 ; Orthostelis, Aradas.
Section TRAGULA, Monts., 1884.
Sculpture fenestrate ; spire elevated, acute, apex twisted;
whorls scalariform ; columella without fold or tooth. T.
FENESTRATA, Forbes.
Section TRABECULA, Monts., 1884.
Whorls rounded, longitudinally lamellose ; aperture semicir-
cular, with an exterior rib ; no apparent spiral sculpture ; apex
(317)
318 TURBONILLTD^E.
retrorse ; columella without fold or tooth. T. JEFFREYSIANA,
Seguenza.
Section PYRGISCULUS, Monts., 1884.
Whorls scalariform, lamellarly ribbed, peculiarly spirally
sculptured ; aperture tetragonal, no columellar tooth. T. SCA-
LARIS, Phil.
Section PYRGOLIDIUM, Monts., 1884.
Rather stout, with one or more intercostal nodes in the centre
of each whorl ; no columellar fold; apex inclined to the right.
T. ROSEA, Monts.
Section PYRGOSTELTS, Monts., 1884.
With longitudinal ribs, crossed by spiral striae, forming pit-
tings ; color fulvous or banded ; columella with a re-entering
fold. T. RUFA, Phil.
Section PYRGOSTYLUS, Monts., 1884.
Shell varicose, the columella dentate. T. STRIATULA, Linn.
Subgenus DUNKERIA, Carpenter, 1851.
Whorls rounded, cancellated. T. PAUCILTRATA, Carp.
Section CINGULINA, A. Adams, 1860.
Shell turriculated, subulate; whorls numerous, spirally ribbed,
the interstices striate, aperture oblong, entire in front, columella
straight, simple, lip sharp, arcuate. C. CIRCINATA, A. Ad. ;
Salassia, de Folin, 1870, is a synonym.
Genus LIA, de Folin, 1872.
Shell oval conic, spire whorls decussated, lip undulated by the
spiral sculpture which appears on the colamella, simulating
two plications. L. DECORATA, Folin.
A doubtful group, possibly described from a young specimen.
Genus MURCHISON1ELLA, Morch, 1875.
Shell small, elongate, thin, pellucid, many-whorled, the apex
heterostrophe ; lip profoundly sinuous; whorls subangular on
the periphery, and having two spiral lines which define a sort
TURBONILLID^l. 319
of sinus-band. M. SPECTRUM, Morch. West Indies. A fossil
form from the Parisian eocene is referred to the genus.
Genus YANESIA, A. Adams, 1861.
Shell melaniform, decussated by longitudinal and spiral
ridges, subperforate, thin ; whorls very little rounded ; aperture
oval, rounded in front, entire, lip sharp. Y. TRTFASCIATA, A.
Ad. China.
Resembles a Melania. but is a true marine shell ; the character
of the apex and the animal are unknown, and the classification
is provisional.
Genus EULIMELLA, Forbes, 1846.
Shell elongated, turriculate, solid, smooth, polished; whorls
numerous, apex sinistral ; aperture subquadrangular, lip not
continuous, columella straight, without plications.
Animal with short tentacles ; mentum lobed in front ; anterior
extremity of foot truncated.
Section BAUDONIA, Bay an, 1873.
Shell aciculate, very long; whorls numerous, convex; aper-
ture small, subquadrangular, columella a little sinuous. Recent
and fossil. E. GRACILIS, Desh. Eocene of Paris basin. The
synonyms are Aciculina, Desh., 1862; Rapliium, Bayan, 1873;
Aniso.cycla, Monts., 1880.
This section may well be merged in the typical group.
Section OCEANIDA, Folin, 1870.
Shell conical, elongated. E. GRADUATA, Folin. West Indies.
I know nothing of this section.
Section LIOSTOMTA, 0. Sars, 1878.
Shell relatively shorter, resembling Odostomia, subperforate ;
aperture oval. L. CLAVULA, Loven.
Section MICROBELISCUS, Sandberger, 1874.
Shell cylindrically subulate ; whorls but slightly convex ;
aperture rounded oval, columella arcuate. E. INASPECTA, Fuchs.
L. Pliocene, Hungary.
Section STYLOPSIS, A. Adams, 1860.
Shell subulate, opaque, smooth, not polished ; whorls flattened,
320 TURBONILLID^;.
suture well-impressed ; aperture subquadrangular, columella
straight, simple, lip subangular in front. E. TYPICA, A. Adams.
Corea.
Subgenus MENESTIIO, Moller, 1842.
Shell turriculated, with spiral striae, or decussated ; aperture
oval. M. ALBULA, Fabr. Boreal Seas.
Pyramis, of Couthouy, 1839 (non Schumacker, 1817), is a
synonym.
Genus ODOSTOMIA, Fleming, 1828.
Shell small, perforate, oval, conoidal or turriculated ; colu-
mella with a feeble, oblique, more or less marked tooth ; aper-
ture oval or subrhornboidal, peristome not continuous. Oper-
culum horny, lamellar, subimbricated, with a median spiral
groove, inner margin indented.
Animal elongated, the head large and robust, bearing two
conical tentacles, with e3 r es at their bases, foot depressed, trun-
cated in front; mentum anteriorly bilobed.
Very minute, usually smooth shells, having the habit of
Rissoae, and, like them, sometimes found in bracfkish water.
The species are numerous, of universal distribution, from low-
water to 40 fathoms. Fossil, eocene. 0. PLICATA, Montagu.
Europe.
The synonyms are Odontostoma, Turton, 1829 ; Odontostomia,
Jeffreys, 1837.
The sections will only be used for the division of the Euro-
pean species on which they were founded ; those of other
localities will be described simply as Odostomire.
Section ODOSTOMIA, sensu stricto.
Whorls smooth; lip not grooved within, columellar tooth
well marked. 0. PLICATA, Mont.
Braclujslomia, Monts., 1884, is a synon3*m.
Section MEGASTOMIA, Monts., 1884.
Shell smooth ; aperture large, lip finely grooved within. 0.
CONSPICUA, Alder.
Section ONDINA, Folin, 1870.
Shell oval, thin; whorls smooth or spirally striated, colu-
mellar tooth obsolete. 0. OBLIQUA, Alder.
TURBONILLHXE. 321
Generally known as Auriculina, Gray, 1847, a name pre-
occupied by Grateloup, 1838.
Section DOLIELLA, Monts., 1880.
Shell Doliiform, smooth, apex immersed; peristome con-
tinuous ; columellar tooth feeble. 0. NITENS, Jeffreys.
Section AURISTOMTA, Monts., 1884.
Shell smooth, aperture large, auriculate. 0. ERJAVECIANA,
Brusina.
Section EVA LEA, A. Adams, 1860.
Shell ventricose, spiralty ornamented ; columella plicate.
0. ELEGANS, A. Adams. Odetta, Folin, 1870, is a synonym.
Section POLYSPIRELLA, Carpenter, 1861.
Whorls with spiral ribs, the interstices thinly clathrate, colu-
mella scarcely folded. 0. TRACHEALIS, Gould.
Section PYRGULINA, A. Adams, 1863.
Conoidal, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by spiral striae, colu-
mella feebly plicate. 0. DECUSSATA, Montagu. The S3'nonyms
are Parthenia, Lowe (in part) ; Ncemia, Folin, 1870 ; Parthenina,
Buc., Dautz. et Dollf., 1883.
Section ODOSTOMIELLA, Buc., Dautz., Dollf., 1883.
Shell pupoidal, longitudinally ribbed ; columella plicate.
0. DOLIOLUM, Phil.
Section ELODIA, Folin, 1870.
Shell conical, longitudinally ribbed ; columella plicate. 0. HOR-
TENSI^E, Nansouty.
Section SPIROCLIMAX, Mb'rch, 1874.
Shell subcylindrical ; whorls scalariform ; aperture somewhat
ear-shaped, lip sigmoid ; columella scarcely plicate. 0. SCALARIS,
Mo'rch.
Section MIRALDA, A. Ad., 1863.
Solid, ovate or elongated; whorls flat, plicate posteriorly,
spirally lirate anteriorly ; lip subangulate behind, margin crenate.
0. DIADEMA, A. Ad. Several Japanese species.
322 TURBONILLA.
Genus TURBONILLA, Kisso, 1826.
I. European and West African Species.
Typical.
T. LACTEA, Linn. PL 74, fig. 57 ; PI. 75, fig. 77.
White, rather solid, opaque, glossy, strongly longitudinally
ribbed, ribs terminating below the periphery of the last whorl ;
whorls 12, moderately enlarging, slightly convex; columella
usually without fold. Length, 8 - 5 mill.
Europe.
It is T. elegantissima, Macg. ; T. acuta, Donovan ; T. alba,
Penn. ; T. plicatula, Risso ; T. turritella, Scacchi, and T. gra-
cilis, Desh.
Yar. CAMPANELL^S, Phil. Fig. 77.
Whorls more flattened, costue more oblique.
Sicily.
T. elegantissima, var. similis, Monts., is a sj'iionym.
T. SINUOSA, Jeffreys. PL 75, fig. 84.
Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy, closely longitudinally
flexuousty ribbed, ribs fading out at the periphery of last whorl,
white ; whorls 8, flattened ; columellar tooth slight but distinct.
Length, 4-3 mill.
Mediterranean, W. Coast of Africa.
T. ACUTICOSTATA, Jeffreys. PL 75, fig. 85.
Rather thick, opaque, glossy, with longitudinal ribs and wider
interspaces, ribs terminated at the periphery of the last whorl
by a spiral, thread-like line; whorls 9, rather convex; columella
without tooth. Length. 3 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
T. MAGNIFICA, Seguenza. PL 75, fig. 96.
White or pinkish white, often beautifully iridescent ; whorls
11-12, somewhat flattened, rounded at the impressed suture,
longitudinally ribbed, ribs curved, low and rounded ; columella
not dentate. Length, 12 mill.
New England, Azores, Bay of Biscay.
First described as a Sicilian tertiary fossil, but found living
by the " Travaillieur " and " Talisman " expeditions. Mr. Yer-
TURBONILLA. 323
rill described it as T. formosa, which being preoccupied by Dr.
Jeffreys, he subsequently changed to T. Bushiana.
T. PUSILLA, Philippi. PL '75, fig. 79.
Whorls 9, flattened, with about 16 oblique ribs, spirally
striate. Length, 3 mill.
Sicily, Vigo Bay.
T. GRADATA, Monts. PI. 75, fig. 82.
Rather solid, cylindrical ; whorls 9, longitudinally ribbed,
with wider interspaces; aperture subquadrangular.
Length, 4'6 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Described as a variety of T. lactea, Linn. Jeffreys considers
it a variety of T. pusilla, Phil. T. limitum, Folin, is said to be
a synonym.'
T. INNOVATA, Monts. PI. 75, fig. 76.
Differs from T. pusilla, Phil., in its larger size, straighter ribs
and absence of spiral sculpture. Jeffreys described it in his
British Conchology under the name of T. pusilla, but subse-
quently doubted its identity with that species, and Monterosato
separated it as above. Length, 6'8 mill.
England to Mediterranean Sea.
T. DELICATA, Monts. PI. 75, fig. 81.
More slender than T. lactea, white, shining; whorls 10, flat-
tened, closely longitudinally plicate, interstices smooth.
Length, 3 mill.
Ireland to Mediterranean.
The name is substituted for T. gracilis, Phil., non Brocchi.
T. MICANS, Monts. PI. 75, fig 83.
Thin, semitransparent, very glossy ; whorls 7, flattened, with
from 18-20 long, sharp, curved longitudinal ribs and equal,
smooth interstices. Length, 3 mill.
Gulf of Marseilles ; off West Coast of Africa.
This is T. attenuata, Jeffreys, not Odostomia (Eulimtlla) at-
tenuata, Monts.
T. FULGIDULA, Jeffreys. PI. 75, figs. 86, 87.
Rather solid, subcylindrical, nearly transparent, lustrous ;
whorls 7, flattened, ribs 15 or 16, narrower than the interspaces,
324 TTJRBONILLA.
both crossed by numerous microscopic spiral striae, ribs fading
out at the periphery of the last whorl. Length, 2 mill.
Atlantic Ocean.
T. COMPRESSA, Jeffreys. PI. 75, fig. 88.
Cylindrical, a little compressed in the middle of each whorl,
thick, semitransparent, glossy ; whorls 11, with about 25 longi-
tudinal ribs and subequal interspaces ; color white, a young
specimen having a broad, obscure chestnut-colored band.
Length, 6*25 mill. Mediterranean, Azores, Cape Verd Is.
T. PAUCISTRIATA, Jeffreys. PL 75, fig. 90.
Rather thick, semitransparent, lustrous ; whorls 9, flatly con-
vex, with about 20 straight, slight, irregular longitudinal ribs,
fading out on the body-whorl. Length, 6-8 mill.
Mediterranean ; W. Coast of Africa ;
Culebra, Danish West Indies.
Dr. Jeffreys was somewhat doubtful of the distinctness of this
shell from T. compressa.
T. SEMICOSTATA, Jeffreys. PI. 75, fig. 89.
Rather thick, semitransparent, glossy ; whorls 9, flattened in
the middle, with a few slight longitudinal ribs, sometimes cover-
ing the upper whorls only, but in most disposed irregularly over
the shell ; in one specimen the whole surface is microscopically
spirally striated. Length, 3'75 mill.
Cape Breton, Gulf of Gascony.
T. MACANDRE^E, H. Adams. PL 74, fig. 59.
Solid, whitish or light fulvous ; whorls 16, slopingly flattened,
with numerous rounded ribs, fading at the periphery, and equal
smooth interspaces. Length, 18-24 mill. Vigo.
Described by Mr. Adams as T. speciosa, preoccupied.
T. OBLIQUATA, Phil. PL 75, fig. 80.
Hyaline; whorls 9, convex, with about 14 oblique small ribs
and much wider, smooth interspaces. Length, 3 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Unfigured Species.
T. ACUTISSIMA, Monts. Mediterranean.
T. ROSEA, T. MULLERI, T. SENEGALENSis, Maltzan.
In s. Goree, W. Africa.
TURBONILLA. 325
Section TRAGULA, Monts., 1884.
T. FENESTRATA, Forbes. PI. 74, figs. 58, 60, 61.
Rather solid, almost opaque, gloss3 r ; whorls 8-9, shelving,
with about twenty longitudinal ribs, crossed by fine spiral lines,
ribs terminating at the periphery where there are two strong
spiral ridges, appearing on the spire-whorls, white or yellowish
white. Length, 3'75 mill.
Europe.
It is T. Weinkauffi, Dunker (fig. 61).
T. JEFFREYSIANA, Seguenza (unfigured). Mediterranean.
It is T. clathrata, var. Jeffreysiana, Monts.
Section PYRGISCULUS, Monts., 1884.
T. SOALARIS, Phil. PL 75, fig. 78 ; PL 74, fig. 65.
Shell moderate^ solid, opaque, rather glossy; whorls 9, nar-
rowly shouldered, pale yellowish or cream-color, with frequently
two or three faint tawny bands on the last whorl ; longitudinally
ribbed, with wider interspaces, not reaching the base of the body-
whoii, interspaces spirally striate, the striae often arranged in
pairs. Length, 6'25 mill.
Europe.
T. RUFESCENS, Forbes. PL 74, figs. 62-64.
Whorls convex, flexuously ribbed, with subequal, spirally
striate interspaces; yellowish brown, with two or three chestnut
bands. Length, 6'25 mill.
Europe.
Dr. Jeffreys considered this a variety of T. scalar is ^ Phil. He
also places here T. indistincta, Fleming.
T. FORMOSA, Jeffreys. PL 74, fig. 66.
Narrowly elongated ; whorls 13, narrowly shouldered, making
a channeled suture, with straight longitudinal ribs and somewhat
wider interspaces, which are spirally costulate, a peripheral ridge
terminates the longitudinal ribs on the body-whorl.
Length, 8 mill.
? Shellness, Kent, England.
Dr. Jeffreys suspects that this shell is exotic.
326 TURBONILLA.
T. INDISTINCTA, Montagu. PI. 74, figs. 73, 74.
Whorls 8, rounded, with deep suture, white, flexuously costate,
with fine spiral stria) in the interstices. Length, 4 mill.
Europe, Canary Is.
The synonyms are T. areolata, Rayneval ; T. Julide, de Folin ;
T. nanodea, Monts. ; T. curvicostata, S. Wood ; fiissoa -BaUise,
Thompson ; T. speciosa, Bean.
Section PYRGOLIDIUM, Monts., 1884.
T. ROSEA, Monts.
Shell rosy ; whorls flattened with straight narrow ribs, becoming
evanescent at the periphery of the last whorl, interspaces much
wider, with two spiral series of nodules. Length, 6 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
It is T. intemodulosa of Monterosato, not Searles Wood.
T. CALAMELT, Jousseaume (unfigured). Algiers.
Closely allied to, and perhaps = T. rosea.
Section PYRGOSTELIS, Monts., 1884.
T. RUFA, Phil. PI. 74, figs. 68-70 ; PI. 75, fig. 91.
Moderately solid, opaque, glossy, with 20-30 longitudinal,
narrow and shallow ribs, evanescent at the periphery, the inter-
stices crossed and base encircled by rather broad impressed
lines ; pale fawn-colored or tawn} r , frequently with a narrow
chestnut band above the periphery. Length, 8'75 mill.
Europe.
T. crenata, Lowe ; T. scalarioides, Kisso ; T. simillimus,
Mont. Dr. Jeffreys (Zool. Proc., 356, 1884) thought T. inter-
rupta, Totten, identical and that it ought to be adopted, being
a prior name ; he also thought T. 7?aM6imt, Yerrill and Smith,
the same.
Yar. FULVOCINCTA, Thompson. Figs. 69-70.
Shell thinner, more slender, base narrower, whorls not so
much compressed, band always present and more conspicuous.
Var. DENSECOSTATA, Phil. Fig. 91.
Whorls 9, very slightly convex, with numerous smooth,
straight longitudinal ribs, wider than the interstices.
Mediterranean Sea.
Yar. exigua, Monts., is a synonym.
TURBONILLA. 327
T. COSTIFERA, E. A. Smith. PL 75, fig. 92.
Light fulvous ; whorls 8, rather flattened, longitudinally cos-
tate, the interstices finely spirally striate, with a diaphanous
band below the suture; colurnella uniplicate. Length, 5'5 mill.
Whydah, W. Africa.
T. SPECTABILIS, Monts. (unfigured). Mediterranean.
T. CLATHRATA, Jeffreys. PI. 74, figs. 71, 72.
Shell solid, opaque, shining; whorls 7, convex, with about 20
strong flexuous longitudinal ribs, extending to the base of the
body-whorl, with equal interstices, which are crossed by^two
strong spiral interrupted riblets (three on the last whorl) ; color
whitish or pale reddish brown ; columella without tooth.
Length, 4 mill. Great Britain.
T. SIGMOIDEA, Monts. PI. 75, figs. 93, 94.
Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy; whorls 8, flattened,
with about 25 very flexuous oblique ribs, the wider interstices
spirally striate. Length, 3'75 mill. Algiers, Palermo.
T. FLEXUOSA, Jeffreys. PI. 75, fig. 95.
Rather thin, semitransparent, glossy; whorls 5, flattened,
with 15-20 sharp, flexuous longitudinal ribs, abrupt or sub-
nodose at the suture, almost disappearing at the periphery
where they are crossed by a few spiral striae. Length, 2'5 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Section PYRGOSTYLUS, Monts., 1884.
T. STRIATULA, Linn. PI. 74, fig. 75.
Shell tilin, pale brown, with three darker bands, closely longi-
tudinally ribbed, with much narrower interspaces, both crossed
by distant spiral stria?, of which there are four on the spire-
whorls ; whorls (normal) 9, rounded, with well impressed suture.
Length, 9 mill. Mediterranean.
The synonyms include T. striolata, Weink. ; T. varicosa,
Forbes ; T. potamoides, Cantraine ; T. pallida, Phil.
T. CANDIDA, T. RUGOSA, Folin. Wo>t Africa.
The work in which these are described and figured is not
accessible.
328 TUEBONILLA.
II. Species of East Coast of the United States and West Indies.
T. EMERTONI, Yen-ill. PL 75, fig. 6.
White, lustrous; whorls 11, not very oblique, broadly
rounded, a little flattened on the sides, suture strongly im-
pressed ; surface with slight, rather indistinct and irregular
longitudinal furrows, which are often absent.
Length, 4'8 mill.
Martha's Vineyard.
Smaller than T. nivea, Stirap., with a larger nucleus and less
distinctly ribbed.
T. NIVEA, Stimpson. PI. 75, fig. 11.
White, shining; whorls 11, flattened, longitudinally straightly
ribbed ; the interstices smooth, nucleus small, prominently
upturned. Length, 7 mill.
Maine, nortJi wards.
T. RATHBUNT, Verrill and Smith. PI. 75, fig. 5.
White; whorls 12, rather convex, suture impressed; whorls
rather flattened, crossed by about 30, smooth, even, longitudinal
ribs, intervals as wide, showing eight or ten spiral stria;.
Length, 13 mill.
New England, deep water.
Dr. Jeffreys considered this to = T. rufa, Phil., of Europe.
T. ELEGANS, Verrill. PL 75, fig. 8.
Light } T ellowish ; whorls 10 or more, well-rounded, not dis-
tinctly flattened, with rather deep suture ; surface lustrous, with
numerous rounded longitudinal ribs, narrower than the concave
interspaces, fading out below the middle of the last whorl, and
with numerous revolving grooves, interrupted by the costaa, but
continuous on the lower part of the body-whorl ; sometimes
there is a darker band on the middle of the last whorls and the
revolving striae are darker.
Narragansett Bay, Vineyard Sound, Long Island Sound.
T. AEEOLAT A, Verrill. PL 75, fig. 9.
Whorls 8 or 10, moderate^ convex, somewhat flattened in the
middle, crossed by about 25 longitudinal ribs, the interstices
with rather conspicuous impressed spiral lines, dividing them
TURBONILLA. 329
into pretty regular, small, squarish pits; body-whorl subangu-
lated below the middle, the base only marked by fine spiral striae.
Length, 4 mill.
Long Inland Sound, Vineyard Sound.
T. COSTULATA, Verrill. PI. 75, fig. JO.
Translucent, glossy white, faintly banded with pale brown ;
whorls 6 or more (besides a large apical whorl), flattened, but
slightly convex, with about 20 longitudinal ribs and narrower,
deep interspaces, the latter crossed by close microscopic revolving
striae, which are continued below the subangulated periphery,
the costre vanishing; bands two on the body, one on the spire-
whorls. Length, 4 mill.
Long Island Sound, Vineyard Sound.
T. INTERRUPTA, Totteil. PI. 75, fig. 7.
Whorls* 10, almost flat, crossed by 20 to 30 obtuse ribs, the
interstices with about 14 subequal revolving lines arranged in
pairs, often confounded in one ; ribs obsolete below, where the
revolving lines are uninterrupted ; the whorls are slightly
shouldered, making the suture distinct ; whitish brown or amber-
colored. Length, 6'25 mill.
Mass, to N. Carolina.
Very probably identical with T. rufa, Phil., of Europe, over
which it has priority of publication.
T. TEXTILTS, Kurtz. PI. 75, fig. 12.
Whorls 6 or 7, shouldered, with close, prominent, smooth,
longitudinal ribs, the interspaces crossed by impressed revolving
lines ; white, waxy or chalky. Length, 3 mill.
So. Carolina.
Un figured Species.
T. SPIRATA, Kurtz and Stimpson. No. Carolina.
T. EQUALIS, Say. Vineyard Sound; Southern Coast.
T. STRICTA, T. GRANDIS, Yerrill. Long Island Sound.
T. PERLEPIDA, Verrill. Chesapeake Bay.
T. VIRIDARIA, and vars. VIRGA and PUNICEA, Dull.
Cedar Keys, Fla.
330 TURBONILLA.
T. ORNATA, d'Orb. PI. 76, fig. 15.
Thin, white, closely longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate;
whorls 10, slightly convex, suture deep, crenulated.
Length, 6 mill.
Cuba.
According to Morch, Ghemnitzia latior, C. B. Ad., is a
synonym.
T. MODESTA, d'Orb. PI. 76, fig. 17.
Thin, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs terminating at a spiral
ridge below the periphery of the body-whorl, base smooth, suture
deep; whorls G, moderately convex. Length, 2 mill.
Cuba.
T. PULCHELLA, d'Orb. PI. 76, fig. 18.
Thin, white, longitudinally costate, the costje terminating ori
the body-whorl at a spiral ridge, below which the surface is
smooth; whorls 12, moderately convex. Length, 7-8 'mill.
West Indies.
Morch considers T. levis, C. B. Ad. (unfigured\ a probable
variety.
T. PUSILLA, C. B. Ad. PI. 76, fig. 19.
White, with about 12 strong longitudinal ribs terminating
about the periphery of the last whorl ; whorls 10-11, besides the
nucleus, moderately convex, with well impressed suture.
Length, 3*3 mill.
Jamaica, St. Thomas.
T. TURRTS, d'Orb. PI. 76, fig. 20.
Thin, white, longitudinally costate, terminating in a peripheral
line, below which the base is spirally striate; whorls 14, suture
impressed. Length, 7 mill.
St. Thomas, W. I.; Rio, Brazil
T. SUBSTRIATA, C. B. Adams. PL 76, fig. 21.
White, wax-colored next the suture; whorls 8, flattened, with
22 to 24 longitudinal ribs, and very numerous, scarcely per-
ceptible spiral striae in the interspaces and on the lower part of
the body-whorl ; on the middle of the whorls is a spiral series of
shallow, intercostal pits, suture distinct. Length, 2'75 mill.
Jamaica, St. Thomas.
Morch remarks : " If d'Orbigny possibly has overlooked the
TUEBONILLA. 331
minute spiral stria?, this species is perhaps the same as the
preceding."
T. AMERICANA, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 16.
Thin, white, coarsely longitudinally costate, with intercostal
spiral striaj ; whorls 9, convex, with a small deep-seated colu-
mellar plication. Length, 3 mill.
Rio Janeiro, Brazil to San Bias, Patagonia.
The figure does not show the plication, which must be small
and obscure.
T. PUNCTA, C. B. Adams. PL 76, fig. 1.
White; whorls 10-11, besides the nucleus, scarcely convex,
with distinct suture ; white, with about 26-30 rather prominent
longitudinal ribs, not produced below the periphery of the last
whorl, and numerous crowded intercostal striae, one of which ,
stria; a little above the middle of the whorls and another along
the suture are wide and deep, resembling spiral series of
punctures. Length, 5-5 mill.
Jamaica, St. Thomas.
T. SUBULATA, C. B. Adams. PL 76, fig. 23.
White, or pale brownish white, with two spiral bands of pale
wax-color, and a third on the lower part of the body-whorl;
whorls 10, rather convex, with well impressed suture, with 28-30
slender prominent longitudinal ribs, not quite obsolete below the
periphery, and very fine spiral stria3 between the costae and
anteriorly, the one next the suture larger. Length, 4'25 mill.
Jamaica, St. Thomas.
T. FLAVOCINCTA, C. B. Adams. PL 76, fig. 24.
White, with a broad yellowish brown sutural band; whorls
8-9, besides the nucleus, slightly convex below the middle, a
little shouldered, with distinct suture ; with about 28 rgunded,
slender ribs, becoming obsolete anteriorly, and very minute
spiral striae intercostal and anterior. Length, 3'5 mill.
Jamaica, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe.
T. FASCIATA, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 25.
Thin, white, with a broad chestnut subcentral band; whorls
9, gradate, with deep suture; longitudinally costate, the ribs
332 TURBONILLA.
terminating at the periphery, with intercostal spiral strife con-
tinued and becoming stronger on the base. Length, 3 mill.
Rio Janerio, Brazil ; San Bias, Patagonia.
T PUPOIDES, d'Orb. PI. 76, fig. 26.
Shell strong, white or yellowish brown ; whorls 8, flat, with
strong, subcontinuous costa?, suture margined, base spirally
striate. Length, 3 mill.
Cuba, St. Thomas.
Differs from the preceding species by its margined suture,
stronger and more distant ribs and spiral striae only anteriorly.
T. RIISET, Morch. PL 76, fig. 27.
Thick, orange colored, with two darker bands, one above the
suture, the other median ; with about 40 costre, and very finely
spirally striate ; columella with an indistinct plication.
Length, 3*5 mill.
St. Thomas.
Figured from the type.
T. DUBIA, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 28.
Thin, whitish or fulvous with a white band, whorls 10,
longitudinally undulately plicate, the wider interstices spirally
striate, base without costae but the spiral sculpture stronger.
Length, 4 mill.
West Indies, Rio Janeiro.
Un figured Species.
T. RETICULATA, T. MULTICOSTATA, T. OBEL1SCUS, T. EXILIS, of C.
B. Adams. Jamaica.
T. TURRITELLA, Pfr. Cuba.
III. Species of the Pacific Coast of America.
T. CORA, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 29.
Strong, whitish ; whorls 8, flattened, with well impressed
suture, strongly, longitudinally costate to the base, interstices
wider spirally impressed striate, three of the striae (four on the
body-whorl) more conspicuous. Length, 5 mill.
Near Payta, Peru.
TURBONILLA. 333
T. FESTIVA, Folin. PL 76, fig. 30.
Whitish, suhdiaphanous, with a few, very distant longitudinal
costa?, extending to the base, the very much wider interspaces
spirally striate ; whorls 7, suture profound. Length, 2'5 mill.
Panama.
T. TENUICULA, Gould. PL 76, fig. 3 i.
Rather solid, shining, wax-} r ellow, a little dusky below the
suture; whorls 10, flat, slightly shouldered above, with about
20 straight, longitudinal ribs, the summits of which are cut by
numerous fine revolving striae, deeper in the interstices, which
extend over the base of the shell, the ribs terminating about the
periphery ; revolving striae showing through the aperture.
Length, 7'5 mill.
Southern California.
T. SUBCUSPIDATA, Carp. PI. 76, fig. 33.
Differs from the preceding in being more distantly ribbed,
with broader interspaces, closer and deeper spiral sculpture, the
tops of the ribs elegantly muricated with projecting, curved
lines between ; the suture more deeply impressed.
Length, 6 mill.
S. Diego, Gal.
Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species.
T. TORQUATA, Gould. PL 76, fig. 34, 32.
Solid, white ; whorls 8, a little convex, with about 16 oblique,
flexuous longitudinal ribs, not extending to the base, periphery
subangulate, no spiral sculpture, base smooth. Length, 5 mill.
Sta. Barbara, Gal.
T. Vancouver ensis, Baird, is a synonj'm.
Yar. STYLINA, Carp. (fig. 32), is a narrower form than the type ;
T. gracillima, Gabb, is a synonym of it ; T. Gabbiana,
Cooper, another.
Unfigured Species.
T. LORDI, E. A. Smith. Vancouver's Island.
T. VIRGO, T. CREBRIFILATA, T. CCELATA, T. AURANTIA, T. CHOCO-
LATA, T. TRIDENTATA, all of Carpenter. California.
T. TENU1LIRATA, T. MURICATA, T. G1BBOSA, T. PROLONGATA, T.
C.B.ADAMSI, T. GRACILLIMA, T. FLAVESCENS, T. TEREBRALIS,
T. TJNIFASCIATA, Carpenter. Mazatlan.
334 TtRUONlLLA.
T. GRACILTOR, T. PANAMENSIS, T. SIMILIS, T. STRIOSA, T. TURRITA,
T. ACUMINATA, C. B. Adams. Panama.
T. ACULEUS, T. AFFINIS (T. undata, Carp., a syn.), C. B. Adams.
Panama and Mazatlan.
T. CINCTELLA, T. CRATICULATA, T. SUBULA, Morch.
W. Co. Centr. Am.
IV. Polynesian and Australian Species.
T. HOFMANI, Angas. PI. 76, figs. 41, 42.
Rather thin, white, shining ; whorls 13, slightly convex, lon-
gitudinally broadly ribbed, interstices narrow, smooth, ribs
abruptly ceasing at the periphery of the last whorl.
Length, 10 mill. Port Jackson, Australia; Tasmania.
Described as T. nitida, Angas, a name preoccupied by A.
Adams. T. Marise, Tenison-Woods (fig. 42), from Tasmania,
appears to be identical.
T. FESTIVA, Angas. PL 76, fig. 45.
Semipellucid, white, with a narrow chestnut band on the
middle of the whorls, two bands on the body-whorl ; whorls 8,
rather convex, finely longitudinally plicate, the interstices
microscopically spirally striate, suture deep, last whorl smooth
at the base. Length, 4 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
T. FUSCA, A. Ads. PI. 76, figs. 46, 47. -
Whorls 8, very narrow, rounded, with deeply impressed suture ;
yellowish or brownish, with a central darker band, two bands
on the body-whorl, closely longitudinally plicate, the ribs
becoming obsolete towards the base. Length, 6 mill.
Australia, Tasmania, Japan.
In the darker-colored specimens the bands are obscure ; in
the lighter-colored, they are distinct ( T. bifasciata, A. Adams
(fig. 47). The form is narrower, more cylindrical, longer than
T. f estiva, but may be only a variety of it.
T. MACLEAYANA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 76, fig. 44.
Narrowly cylindrical, thin, translucent, white ; whorls 12,
flatly convex, with deep suture, longitudinally ribbed, ribs ter-
minating at the periphery, interstices and base smooth.
Length, 9 mill. Tasmania.
TURBONILLA. . 335
T. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 76, fig. 40.
Solid, white; whorls 8, convex, suture impressed, with strong,
somewhat oblique rounded ribs, terminating at the periphery,
the narrower intercostal spaces and base smooth.
Length, 7 mill.
Kin<fs Isl. Bass Straits, Tasmania.
Un figured Species.
T. XEOZELANDICA, Hntton. New Zealand.
T. BEPDOMEI, Petterd. Tasmania.
T. CIRCUMDATA, Gould. Sydney Harbor, Australia.
T. IOTA, Gould. Hab. unknown.
T. ACICULARIS, T. CONCINNA, T. BoHOLENSis, A. Ad. Philippines.
T. CORNEA, A. Ad. Eastern Seas.
T. BICARINATA, T. POLYZONATA, T. BiTTiFORMis, Carpenter.
Philippines.
T. DECUSSATA, Pease. Sandwich Islands.
V. Japanese and Chinese
T. PHILIPPIANA, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 37.
Rather thick, whitish ; whorls plano-convex, slightty angulated
above, strongly longitudinally plicate, plicae straight, fading out
at the periphery, interstices and base thinly striate, the base
stronger. Length, 9 mill.
Japan .
T. VARICOSA, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 38.
Whorls 13-14, closety longitudinally costate, here and there
varicose, terminated on the bod3^-whorl by a peripheral spiral
line, decussated by spiral striae, base thinly spirally lirate.
Length, 11 mill.
Japan.
T. MULTIGYRATA, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 43.
Pellucid, white ; whorls 17-18, convex, with deep suture,
covered throughout with wide oblique, curved costie.
Length, 16-17 mill. _ Japan.
Unfigured Species.
T. COMPTA, T. ALBELLA, T. SCITULA, T. TEREBRA, T. CERINA, T.
CANDIDA, T. DEBILIS, T. METULINA, T. SPECIOSA, T. SCALIOLA,
336 TURBONILLA.
T. BICINCTA, T. MUNDA, T. CINCTA, T. FRAGILTS, T. SCULPTILIS,
T. COMMODA, T. N1TIDA, T. MONOCYCLA, T. MODICA, T. VENUS-
TULA, T. EXIMIA, T. PERFECTA, T. MACiLENTA, all of A. Adams.
Japan.
T. RUBROFUSCA, T. CuMiNGii, Carpenter. China Sea.
T. OELATA, T. ORNATA, Gould. Hong Kong.
VI. Indian Ocean Species.
T. VELATNI, Tryon. PI. 75, fig. 99.
White ; whorls 8, shouldered, longitudinally straiglitly plicate,
the wider interspaces with slight spiral impressed striae.
Length, 3'25 mill. Id. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.
Described by Velain as T. scalaris, preoccupied by Philippi.
T. DISCULUS, Velain. PL 75, fig. 97.
White ; whorls 9, rather flattened, with fine, close longitudinal
ribs, terminating at the periphery of the body-whorl.
Length, 3 mill. Id. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.
T. PERONII, Velain. PL 75, fig. 98.
Grayish white, thin, with 7 convex whorls, with irregular
longitudinal riblets, becoming more or less evanescent about the
middle of the whorls. Length, 2'75 mill.
Isl. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.
T. TENUICOSTA, Issel. PL 75, fig. 4.
White, a little shining; whorls 6J, a little convex, suture
margined, thinly, obliquely, longitudinally plicate, plicae fading
out on the last whorl, interstices much wider.
Length, 2'25 mill. Eed Sea.
T. SOLIDULA, Issel. PL 75, fig. 3.
Yellowish white, a little shining, obliquely longitudinally
plicate, interstices much wider, suture not margined ; whorls
8-9, somewhat convex, plications extending over the last whorl.
Length, 3 mill. Eed Sea.
T. CRYSTALLTNULA, Issel. PL 75, fig. 1.
White, pellucid, shining, fragile, with thread-like longitudinal
oblique plications extending over all the whorls, and much wider
smooth interspaces; whorls 9-10, convex. Length, 2 mill.
Eed Sea.
TURBONILLA. 33 7
T. NITIDISSIMA, Issel. PI. 75, fig. 2.
White, translucid, very shining, rather strongly distantly
longitudinally plicate, and no spiral lines; whorls 9-10, a little
convex, with well-impressed suture, the ribs evanescent on lower
part of body-whorl ; aperture a little obliquely channeled below.
Length, 3 mill.
Red Sea.
T. VENUSTA, Issel. PL 75, fig. 100.
White, a little shining, with numerous, vertical costse ; whorls
8-9, somewhat convex, with impressed suture, last whorl suban-
gulated, and without costse below. Length, 3'25 mill.
Eed Sea.
T. CHRYSOZONA, Martens. PI. 76, fig. 48.
Densely cancellated, white, with a single narrow orange band
on the upper whorls, two on the middle ones, three on the last;
whorls 12-13, convex, occasional!}^ varicose, last whorl subangu-
late ; coluraella slightly plicate at the base, where the aperture
is a little channeled. Length, 15 mill.
Mauritius.
T. LACTEA, Krauss. ?L 76, fig. 49.
Solid, white, closely, obliquely, obtusely plicate, with equal
smooth interstices; whorls 10-12, slightly convex, lower half
of body-whorl smooth. Length, 3*5 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.
Unfigured Species.
T. TRACHEALIS, T. OBELiscus, Gould. Simon's Bay, So. Africa.
T. LIRATA, T. DECUSSATA, T. TRIL1NEATA, A. Ad. Ceylon.
T. WOOD-MASONT, T. VITTATA, T. T2ENIATA, T. SUBEMARGINATA,
T. MICROCHEILOS, T. 1NTUSLIRATA, T. CORPULENTA and var.
MINIMA, all of Folin. (Desc. and figures inaccessible to me.)
Andaman Is.
Subgenus DUNKERTA, Carp., 1857.
T. CANCELLATA, d'Orb. PL 76, fig. 50.
Thin, corneous, spirally ribbed, with equal interspaces, ribs
decussated into granules by longitudinal sulcations ; whorls 5,
suture channeled. Length, 2 mill.
Cuba.
22
338 TUEBONILLA.
T. LAMINATA, Carp. PI. 76, fig. 51.
Whorls 8 (besides 2 nuclear ones), convex, with deep suture;
longitudinally and spirally ribbed, the interstices of the decus-
sations appearing pitted, on the last whorl the longitudinal sculp-
ture becomes evanescent below the periphery ; yellowish or
fulvous, more or less distinctly narrowly fasciate with lighter
color on the spire, bifasciate on the body-whorl.
Length, 6'25 mill.
San Diego, Sta. Barbara, Cal
Unfigured Species.
T. INTERMEDIA, T. SUBANGULATA, T. CANCELLATA, T. PAUCIL1RATA,
of Carpenter. Mazatlan.
T. MAJOR, C. B. Adams.- Panama.
T. GEMMULOSA, C. B. Adams. West Indies.
T. SUTURALIS, Gould. So. Carolina.
T. LATELIRATA, Folin. Andaman Is.
T. FASCIATA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.
Section CINGULINA, A. Adams, I860.
T. SPINA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 76, figs. 52, 53.
Whorls numerous, flattened, with scarcely distinct suture,
encircled by three spiral ribs, four on the body-whorl, the lower
part of which is smooth, white. Length, 9 mill.
Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia.
I think T. Brazieri, Angas (fig. 53), will prove synonymous:
it is from Port Jackson, Australia.
T. CINGULATA, Dunker. PI. 76, fig. 35.
Whorls numerous, scarcely convex, suture distinct, with three
revolving ribs on the spire-whorl, seven on the body, intersticess
striate, white. Length, 10 mill.
Japan.
T. TEREBRA, Dunker PL 76, fig. 36.
White, shining; whorls 12, scarcely convex, those of the spire
with three revolving ribs, body-whorl with eight ribs, the lower
ones smaller. Length, 8 mill.
Japan.
LIA, MURCHISONIELLA, VANESIA. 339
E. ISSELI, Tryon. PL 76, fig. 64.
A little sliming, translucent, white, spirally cingulated, inter-
stices longitudinally striated ; whorls 9, the last with 4 cingula-
tions, base smooth. Length, 3'5 mill.
Red Sea.
Described by Issel as Eulimella cingulata, the specific name
preoccupied in Cingulina by Dunker.
Unfigured Species.
T. CIRCINATA, A. Adams. Japan.
T. AUSTRALI s, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania.
T. CARINATA, Folin. (Paper inaccessible to me.)
Genus LIA, de Folin, 1872.
L. DECORATA, Folin. I am not able to consult the description
of this species.
Genus MURCHISONIELLA, Morch, 1875.
M. SPECTRUM, Morch (unfigured). St. Thomas, W. I.
Genus VANESIA, A. Adams, 1861.
V. TRIFASCIATA, Y. SULCATINA, A. Adams (unfigured). Manchuria.
Genus EULIMELLA, Forbes, 1846.
I. European Species.
E. SCILL.E, Scacchi. PI. 76, figs. 63, 56.
White, rather solid, polished ; whorls 11-12, flatly convex, the
last subangulated on the periphery. Length, 9 mill.
Europe.
E. crassula, Jeffreys, and E. Macandrei, Forbes (fig. 56), are
synonyms.
E. COMPACTILIS, Jeffreys. PI. 76, fig. 58.
Shell thinner, much smaller, not so strongly keeled.
Length, 2'5 mill.
Boreal and Arctic Europe.
E. superflua, Monts. (Mediterranean), is possibly a synonym,
according to Jeffreys ; it has not been figured.
340 EULIMELLA.
E. ACICULA, Phil. PI. 76, figs. 59-61, 54, 62.
Rather thin, seraitransparent, polished, glassy white in live,
milk-white in dead specimens ; whorls 8-9, narrow, flattened,
periphery scarcely angnlated. Length, 4'33 mill.
Europe.
Monterosato has changed the name to E. commutata on
account of Auricula acicula, Lam., a fossil species which is a
very doubtful Eulimella.
Yar. TURRIS, Forbes.
Shell of nearly equal breadth throughout, with rather convex
whorls.
Var. VENTRICOSA, Forbes.
Shell thinner, with tumid whorls and deeper suture.
E. gracilis, Jeffreys; E. turritellata, Requien, and E. affinis,
Phil. (fig. 62), are synonyms. Monterosato, who considers ven-
tricosa a distinct species, has-described a var. minima (unfignred).
Var. OBELISCUS, Jeffreys. PI. 76, fig. 54.
Shell smaller and narrower, with more compact whorls.
E. STRIATULA, Jeffreys. PI. 76, fig. 55.
Yery slender ; whorls 8-9, flattened, suture distinct ; white
with distinct spiral striae. Length, 2'5 mill.
Spezid) Italy.
E. NITIDISSIMA, Mtg. PI. 77, fig. 79.
Yery thin, transparent, lustrous; whorls 7 (besides the nucleus),
convex, finely spirally striate, white. Length, 2-5 mill.
Europe.
E. CRASSA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 81.
Thick, opaque, glossy, smooth, white ; whorls 8-10 (?), flat-
tened, suture slight; lip thick, with 8-10 spiral striae within,
columella with a strong spiral tooth.
Length (a fragment only), 6 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
This species has the mouth of an Odostomia, but the form of
the shell and want of sculpture together constitute an Eulimella
as to external appearance.
EULIMELLA. 341
E. PR^LONGA, Jeffrej^s. PL 77, fig. 72.
Thin, semitransparent, very glossy, white ; whorls 10, flattened,
suture slight ; columella with a small, tooth-like thickening.
Length, 6'75 mill.
Mediterranean Sea, West Coast of Africa.
Another problematical species as to its generic position ; the
tooth, however, is not nearly so distinct as in the last. It might
almost rank as a colorless variety of E. unifasciata, Forbes (see
American species).
Unfigured Species.
E. ANGUSTA, and Yar. PERANGUSTA, Monts. Mediterranean Sea.
E. CINGULATA, Requien. Corsica.
E. POINTELI, Folin (desc. and figure inaccessible).
Port Said, Egypt.
E. nitidissima, var. pura, Monterosato, is a synonj-m. It was
found at St. Vito.
E. MACILENTA, Monterosato. Mediterranean.
Name substituted for Odostomia debilis, Monts., not Pease.
E. FOLINT, Fischer. (Probably exotic.) France.
II. Oriental Species.
E. ARABICA, Issel. PI. 76, fig. 57.
Shining, very minutely decussated, translucent, whitish, with
narrow yellowish bands ; whorls 12-13, flattened, the suture
impressed, margined. Length, 5 mill.
Bed Sea.
E. PHILTPPIANA, Dunker. PL 77, fig. 75.
White, subpellucid, very smooth and shining; whorls 9,
flattened. Length, 11 mill.
Japan.
Unfigured Species.
E OPACA, E. VITREA, E. HYALiNA, A. Adams. Japan.
E. CYLINDROPSTS, E. iNFUNDiBULATA, Folin. Andaman Is.
342 EULIMELLA.
III. American Species.
E. UNTFASCIATA, Forbes. PI. 77, fig. 73 ; PL 76, fig. 05.
Smooth, polished, white, with a median, narrow, light chestnut
band; whorls 11, flattened. Length, 6 mill.
New England, Azores, Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean.
This is Eulimella Smithii, Verrill (fig. 65). The columellar
tooth is inconspicuous, and the form of the shell places it in
Eulimella rather than Odostomia.
E. POLITA, Verrill. PI. 77, fig. 67.
Whorls 12, well rounded, smooth and glossy. Length, 8 mill.
Eastport, Maine.
Appears to be closely allied to E. ventricosa, Forbes.
E. LUCID A, Verrill. PI. 77, fig. 68.
Whorls 11, flattened, smooth, polished, with very indistinct
growth-lines, suture distinct, but scarcely at all impressed, trans-
lucent pinkish white. Length, 8 mill.
New England (2033 fathoms).
E. CHARISSA, Verrill. PI. 77, fig. 69.
Small and delicate ; whorls 11, very slender, translucent white.
Length, 5'6 mill.
New England (2033 fathoms).
Smaller, with much more slender spire and smaller apical
whorl than the last ; there are also more whorls in the same
length, they are somewhat more convex and the suture more
impressed.
E. NTTIDA, Verrill. PI. 77, fig. 70.
Smooth, polished, rather large for the genus, moderately
elongated, with a tall, regularly tapering spire of more than
eight moderately convex whorls (apex broken), separated by a
well-defined, somewhat impressed, rather oblique suture.
Length (broken), 6'5 mill.
New England (2033 fathoms).
Most like E. lucida, but the whorls are more convex, the
suture more oblique and more 'impressed, the body-whorl longer,
more produced anteriorly, the aperture narrower, more elongated,
and effuse in front.
EULIMELLA. 343
E. LISSA, Yerrill. PI. 77, fig. 71.
Small, white, polished; whorls 8, flattened, smooth, suture
distinct. Length, 6 mill.
Off Cape Hatteras, N. C. (142 fms.)
Remarkable for the small size of the apical whorl and for its
pupiform outline.
E. ENGONIA, Bush.
White, lustrous; whorls 7^, flattened, distinctly chamfered
above the channeled suture, body-whorl distinctly angulated at
the periphery, where there is a prominent rounded thread
there are also numerous indistinct, unequal striae only visible
under a microscope; columella with a small distinct fold, not
seen in a front view. Length, 6'5 mill.
Gape HatteraSj and Beaufort, N. G.
Described as an Odostomia, and placed here with some doubt
on account of the long slender shell.
Yar. TERES, Bush. PI. 77, fig. 82.
More slender, with flatter whorls, with a distinct impressed
spiral line just below the angle.
E. ALBA, Calkins. PI. 76, fig. 66.
Small, white, shining, pellucid; whorls 12-13, smooth, flat,
suture lightly impressed. Length, 75 mill.
Cedar Keys, Florida.
E. SIMPLEX, d'Orb. PL 77, fig. 74.
Shell thin, white, finely spirally striate ; whorls 7, slightly
convex, with a shallow channel next above the suture.
Length, 2*3 mill. Jamaica.
Unfigured Species.
E. OBSOLETA, Carpenter. Mazatlan.
$. PELLUCENS, E. OPALINA, A. Adams. Japan.
Section OCEANIDA, Folin, 1870.
E. GRADUATA, Folin. (Desc. not accessible). West Indies.
344 EULIMELLA.
Section LIOSTOMIA, Sars, 1878.
E. CLAVULA, Loven. PI. 77, fig. 76.
Thin, transparent, polishec],, microscopically longitudinally
striated, white ; whorls 4-5, rather convex, suture slightly
margined ; umbilicus very small and narrow, but distinct; colu-
mella with a barely discernable tooth or fold. Length, 2 mill.
Europe.
E. pistillus and E.pistiUiformis, Brugnone, and E. Brugnoni,
Monts., are synonyms.
E. EBURNEA, Stimpson. PI. 77, fig. 78.
White, shining, smooth ; whorls 4, rather convex, subangu-
lated at the suture ; aperture ovate-elliptic, peristome thin, sim-
ple, acute, effuse anteriorly ; umbilicus narrow.
Length, 4'5 mill.
New England.
E. ELECTA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 77.
Thin, nearly transparent, gloss3 r . with microscopical growth-
lines ; whorls 4, rather swollen, with deep suture; umbilicus
small and narrow; columella with a superior, small, sunken
tooth. Length, 2 mill.
Between the Hebrides and Faroe Is (516 fms.).
Section STYLOPSIS, A. Ad., I860.
E. TYPICA and E. SULCATA, A. Ad. (Unfigured). Japan.
E. RUFOFASCIATA, E. A. Smith (Unfigured) Japan.
Subgenus MENESTHO, Moller, 1842.
E. ALBULA, Moller. PI. 77, fig. 80.
Corpulent, white; whorls slightly convex, with numerous
spiral lines. Length, 5 mill.
Labrador to Greenland.
This is not the E. albula of most American authors which =
the next species.
EULIMELLA. 345
E. STRIATULA, Coutliouy. PL 77, fig. 87.
Narrow, thick, whitish ; whorls 7-9, flatly convex, with distinct
suture, with growth-lines, sometimes varicose, and 12-15 fine,
regular revolving strise. Length, 15 mill.
Massachusetts, northwards.
Is E. albula, Gould, Tryon, etc., not of Loven.
E. SULCATA, Yen-ill. PI. 77, fig. 86.
Whorls 4, convex, with deep suture, white, spirally, numer-
ously striate, umbilicus very narrow. Length, 3 mill.
New England (115,365 fms).
E. BRUNERT, Yerrill (Unfigured). Off Newport, R. I. (487 fms).
E. HUMBOLDTT, Risso. PI. 77, figs. 83-85.
Whorls 5, and nucleus, rather solid, stout, a little convex, with
deep suture, with numerous spiral riblets decussated by longitu-
dinal striae ; columella with a strong superior plication ; white.
Length, 6 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
The synonyms are E. lactea. Midland ; E. clathrata, Phil. ; E.
turriculata, Calcara ; E. Kuzmici, Brusina ; E. subventricosa,
Phil., and E. brevis, Requien, the two last given as varieties.
Yar. TUBERCULATA, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Fig. 85.
Sculpture stronger, forming a granulated surface.
Yar. SULCATA, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Fig. 84.
Spirally sulcate, the longitudinal sculpture deficient.
Unfigured and Doubtful Species.
E. BULINEA, Lowe.
Mediterranean Sea, Canary and Madeiran Islands.
The S3 T nonyms are E. dissimilis, Tiberi ; E. striata, Brocchi ;
E. elongata, Phil. ; E. Humboldti, var. elongata, Requien.
E. CRATICULATA, Renier. Mediterranean.
E. EXARATA, A. Ad. Japan.
346 ODOSTOMIA.
Genus ODOSTOMIA, Fleming, 1828.
I. European.
The sections are only used for the European species.
Section ODOSTOMIA, sensu stricto.
0. PLTCATA, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 88.
Thin, transparent, polished, with microscopic spiral stride,
very pale yellowish white or white, darker at the suture ; whorls
5-6, suture moderate ; umbilicus none, or a narrow chink in full-
grown specimens ; columellar tooth small, but distinct.
Length, 2*5 mill.
Europe.
It is 0. elongata, Phil., 0. bulimoides, Scacchi.
0. PALLIDA, Mont. PL 77, fig. 89.
Rather solid, nearly opaque, somewhat gloss}^ with microscopic
spiral striae, milk-white or yellowish white; whorls 6-7, some-
what convex, rapidly enlarging, suture moderate, distinct ; um-
bilical chink very narrow or none ; tooth strong.
Length, 5 mill.
Europe.
0. Novegradensis, Brusina, 0. Eulimoides, Hanley (figured),
are synonyms. Jeffreys cites :
Yar. CRASSA, Thompson.
Smaller and thicker; some of the spiral stria? confluent, form-
ing elevated ridges.
Yar. NOTATA, Jeffreys.
Whorls more convex, spiral striae more conspicuous.
Yar. ANGUSTA, Jeffreys.
Thinner and more slender.
0. SUBLONGA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 90.
Rather thick, semitransparent, glossy, ivorj'-white ; whorls
4-5, the last obsoletely angulated on the periphery ; tooth minute,
but distinct. Length, 2'5 mill.
Bay of Biscay, Cape Verd /s., Mediterranean Sea.
ODOSTOMTA. 34 7
0. INSCULPTA, Mont. PI. 77, fig. 91.
Thin, semitransparent,gloss} T ,with distinct spiral incised lines,
with inconspicuous longitudinal striae near the suture, white ;
whorls 6, each narrowly, thickly rimmed just below the suture,
which is slightly channeled ; umbilicus narrow ; tooth incon-
spicuous but always present. Length, 3 - 75 mill.
Northern Europe.
It is 0. obliqua, Loven.
0. UMBILICARIS, Malm. PL 77, fig. 92.
Shell thin, transparent, very glossy, white ; whorls 5-6, with
deep suture; umbilicus very distinct, but small; tooth small,
but prominent. Length, 25 mill.
Northern Europe.
Owing to the transparency of the whorls, the periphery of
each appears like a narrow band round the top of the suc-
ceeding one.
0. MICHAELIS, Brugnone. PI. 77, fig. 93.
Oblong ovate, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly convex,
columella strongly uniplicate. Length, 5'5 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
0. RISSOIDES, Hanley. PI. 77, figs. 94-96.
Thin, transparent, glossy, with microscopical growth-lines
and spiral stria?, pale yellowish white, or whitish ; whorls 5,
convex, rapidly enlarging, suture rather deep, in fresh speci-
mens with a darker band ; umbilicus usually none, or a mere
chink or indentation ; tooth small and partly concealed.
Length, 3 mill.
Europe.
Yar. ALBA, Jeffreys.
Thinner, spire produced, suture deeper and more oblique,
umbilical chink very distinct.
Yar. NITIDA, Alder. Fig. 95.
Whorls more ventricose and umbilicus distinct.
Yar. GLABRATA, Forbes and Hanley. Fig. 96.
Nearly oblong, nucleus of spire exposed and mamillary,
suture deep.
348 ODOSTOMIA.
Yar. DUBIA, Jeffreys.
Oval, more solid, body-whorl longer, umbilical chink distinct,
tooth stronger.
Yar. EXILIS, Jeffreys.
Smaller and more slender; spire elongated, suture slight.
0. LUKISI, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 97.
Solid, opaque, glossy, sculpture only very slight, almost
microscopical scratch-like longitudinal striae, ivory-white ; whorls
5-6, convex, the penultimate a little projecting ; umbilicus small,
but distinct ; tooth small and prominent. Length, 2'5 mill.
Great Britain.
0. UNIDENTATA, Mont. PI. 77, figs, 98, 100.
Solid, almost opaque, glossy, with a more or less distinct
peripheral angle, visible also at the base of the upper whorls, sculp-
ture slight, microscopical, close-set spiral stride, white ; whorls 6
(besides the nucleus), flattened, suture narrow, distinct ; um-
bilicus none, although there is sometimes a small chink ; tooth
long and prominent. Length, 5 mill.
Iceland, Europe, West Africa, Canaries, Madeira, Pernambuco.
0. Monterosati, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. (fig. 100), is a young
shell of this species according to Dr. Jeffrej's ; who mentions a
var. elata, with more elongated spire and narrower base.
O. TURRITA, Hanley. PI. 77, fig. 99.
Solid, semitransparent, glossy, microscopically spirally striate,
periphery obtusely keeled ; yellowish white or whitish, with a
dark border below the suture; whorls 5-6 (besides the nucleus),
suture narrow but distinct; umbilicus none; tooth small, not
prominent. Length, 3 mill.
Europe, Teneriffe, Madeira, Pernambuco.
0. turriculata, Monts. and var. nana, Jeffreys, are enumerated
as varieties by Dr. Jeffreys.
0. ACUTA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 1.
Shell rather solid, but semitransparent and lustrous, with
microscopic close spiral striae, and still more minute, flexuous,
crowded growth-lines, whitish with a tinge of flesh-color ; whorls
ODOSTOMIA. 349
6. besides the embryonic ones, periphery obtusely keeled ; umbil-
icus conspicuous though small ; tooth strong and prominent.
Europe, Canary 7s., Teneriffe.
The outer lip is occasionally striate within.
Yar. UMBILICATA, Alder.
Larger, stronger, white, with a broad base and usually wider
and deeper umbilicus ; peripheral keel obscure.
0. ALBELLA, Loven. PI. 77, fig. 3.
Thin, semitransparent, dull yellowish white ; whorls 5-6, suture
narrow, incised, narrowly banded below; imperforate, or some-
times a narrow chink; tooth small, retired, nearly hidden behind
the pillar. Length, 2'75 mill.
Europe.
0. SULCIFERA, Smith. PI. 77, fig. 4.
White, polished ; whorls 5, subplane, indistinctly longitudi-
nally striate, with a sutural pellucid zone, and a linear sulcus on
the periphery ; columella lightly dentate. Length, 5 mill.
Whydah, West Africa.
0. FALLAX, Monts. (Unfigured). Mediterranean.
Section MEGASTOMIA, Monts., 1884.
0. CONSPICUA, Alder. PL 77, fig. 5.
Shell solid, opaque, glossy, with microscopic spiral and longi-
tudinal striae; pale cream color, varying to chocolate, and
more or less stained with madder ; whorls 8 (besides 2 embryonic),
periphery obtusely angulated, the angle showing at the base of
the spire whorls; umbilicus extremely small, almost covered;
tooth strong, conspicuous, outer lip grooved within.
Length, 8'75 mill.
Europe.
0. CONOIDEA, Brocchi. PL 77, fig. 6.
Solid, white, polished, with microscopic growth-lines, periphery
more or less distinctly keeled or angulated, with an impressed
spiral line ; whorls 8, nearly flat ; umbilicus small, deep ; tooth
350 ODOSTOMIA.
strong, prominent, interior of lip ridged, terminating in small
tubercles within the mouth. Length, 6'25 mill.
Europe.
The synonyms include 0. polita, Bivona ; 0. Nayli, Brusina ;
0. sicula, Phil. ; 0. monodon, Requien ; 0. plica, Cantraine.
O. TENUIS, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 2.
Rather thin, nearly transparent, glossy, no sculpture except
microscopic growth-lines ; whorls 6 ; im perforate ; tooth small
but conspicuous, interior of lip with half a dozen short grooves
or striae. Length, 2'5 mill.
Brittany, Tunis.
Section ONDINA, Folin, 1870.
0. OBLIQUA, Adler. PL 77, figs. 10-12.
Yery thin, transparent, glossy, with fine, close spiral striae,
becoming coarser on the base, whitish ; whorls 5, suture deep
and oblique; outer lip flexuous, retreating, sinuated above,
smooth within, tooth only a slight obscure fold ; umbilicus none,
or a very small chink. Length, 5 mill.
Europe.
0. exilissima, Brusina, is a probable synonym.
Var. WAERENI, Thompson. Figs. 11, 12.
Smaller, with the basal striae more distinct, and the umbilicus
more developed.
0. Galvagni, Aradas, is a S3 - nonym.
0. DIAPHANA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 9.
Very thin, nearly transparent, lustrous, with microscopic
growth-lines, whitish ; whorls 5, suture narrow, oblique ; outer lip
flexuous, deeply sinuous above, tooth obsolete; umbilicus devel-
oped in the adult only, insignificant. Length, 2'5 mill.
Europe.
0. ELEGANS, Monts. PL 77, fig. 13.
Pellucid, white, decussated Ity microscopic striae; whorls 7,
convex, suture submargined ; columella obliquely uniplicate.
Length, 4 mill.
Sicily.
It is 0. mtrea, Brusina, not A. Ad. ; 0. neglecta, Tiberi, not
ODOSTOMIA. 351
A. Adams; 0. striata, Folin. Monterosato enumerates vars.
simplex, exigua and concinna, Monts., and vixornata, Folin.
Un figured Species.
(Including those of which the descriptions are not accessible).
0. MODIOLA, 0. DILUCIDA, Monts. Mediterranean.
0. MESSANENSIS, 0. GRANATA, 0. SEMIORNATA, Folin. Both con-
sidered by Mts. synon3 r ms of 0. exilissima, Brusina, which
Jeffre} T s unites with 0. obliqua, Alder.
0. SCANDENS, Brusina (0. obliqua, Mts., not Alder).
Mediterranean.
0. SULCATA, 0. BILIRATA, Folin. West Africa.
Section DOLIELLA, Monts., 1880.
0. NITENS, Jeffreys. PL 77, fig. 15.
Thin, semitransparent, very glossy, with microscopic growth-
lines, white ; whorls 3, besides the nucleus, suture very narrow,
slightly excavated, margined by the overlapping of the whorls;
umbilicus none; tooth represented by a broad, but not conspic-
uous, fold. Length, 2*5 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Jeffreys refers 0. Erjaveciana, Brusina, to this species, but
Monterosato considers the two species very different.
0. DOLTOLIFORMIS, Jeffreys. PL 78, fig. 26.
Rather thin, transparent, somewhat glossy, with about 20
remote and somewhat wavy spiral striae, almost perceptible by
the naked eye, and numerous microscopic growth-lines, whitish
or yellowish white ; whorls 3, besides the nucleus, slopingly
convex, suture channeled ; outer lip abruptly incurved on
the periphery, tooth strong and conspicuous; umbilicus a
small chink. Length, 1'85 mill.
Europe.
0. valida, Folin, is a synonym.
352 ODOSTOMIA.
Section AURISTOMIA, Monts., 1884.
0. BULIMULUS, Brugnone. PI. 77, fig. 14.
Shell thin, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly convex ; aper-
ture long and rather narrow, with a plicate tooth above.
Length, 5 mill. Mediterranean.
0. bulimoides, Brugn., is a synonym.
Un figured Species.
0. ERJAVECIANA, Brusina (Syns. 0. turriculata, Monts., and
0. retardata, Tiber! ). Mediterranean.
O. FUSULUS, Monts. Mediterranean.
O. MYOSOTIS, Brugnone. Mediterranean.
Section PYRGULINA, A. Ad., 1863.
O. DECUSSATA, Mont. PL 77, fig. 7.
Rather thin, semitransparent, somewhat glossy, with 20-25
flexuous longitudinal ribs and finer, thread-like spiral stria?,
whitish ; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, convex, suture deep and
channeled ; umbilicus slight, forming a narrow chink ; tooth
very retired and inconspicuous, consisting of a narrow oblique
fold. Length, 3 mill.
Europe.
It is Helix arenaria, Maton and Rackelt.
0. EXIMFA, Jeffreys. PI. 77, fig. 8.
Rather solid, semitransparent, glossy, with fine curved
longitudinal ribs, which do not reach the base, these, or more
frequently their interstices are crossed by three spiral striae or
finer ribs on the middle of the body-whorl, giving the shell a
partially cancellated appearance, the next whorls have two or
three similar striae near the base; whorls 4-5, very convex,
almost tumid, suture very deep ; umbilicus extremely narrow
but distinct ; tooth minute, somewhat retired and obscure.
Length, 1-5 mill. Boreal Europe.
0. Barleei, Clark, is a synonym.
ODOSTOMIA. 353
0. INTERSTINCTA, Mont. PL 77, figs. 16, IT ; PI. 78, fig. 21.
Rather solid, semi transparent, glossy, with numerous strong,
slightly curved longitudinal ribs, broader than the interstices,
ending at two or three rows of obscure spiral striae just below
the periphery, forming punctures in the interstices, the upper
whorls similarly marked just above the suture, base generally
smooth, color white ; whorls 5-6, compressly convex, shelving
abruptly towards the suture, each with a thickend rim round the
top, suture narrow, but deeply excavated ; outer lip flexuous,
slightly sinuated above ; umbilicus none, or a narrow chink in
old specimens ; tooth short and retired, but strong.
Length, 3 mill.
Europe, Canary 7s., Madeira.
Yar. TEREBELLUM, Phil. Fig. 17.
Much larger, with elongated spire, ribs more oblique, espe-
cial^ on the body-whorl, tooth prominent.
0. Moulinsiana, Fischer (figured), appears to be equivalent
to this.
Yar. SUTURALIS, Phil. Fig. 21.
Smaller, narrower and more cylindrical than the type, costae
very fine and well curved.
0. striata, Phil, (figured), is a synonym.
Yar. GRACILIS, Phil.
Shining, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, with a single spiral
line on the upper whorls, two on the body-whorl; whorls 5,
suture well impressed. A minute, rather doubtful shell,
variously interpreted ; the following species has been referred
to it. 0. ambigua, Weinkauff, is identical.
0. EMACTATA, Brusina. PL 78, fig. 22.
Shell narrow, cylindrical, having 5 convex whorls besides the
embryonic one, with strong longitudinal ribs and subequal inter-
spaces, periphery marked by a spiral thread, below which, on
the body-whorl, the ribs become evanescent ; tooth minute.
Length, 2-1 mill.
Mediterranean.
It is 0. pygmsea, Brus., not Grateloup ; 0. Silvestri, Arad.
23
354 OBOSTOMIA.
0. MONOZONA, Brusina. PL 78, fig. 18.
Whorls 4, convex, longitudinally ribbed, with wider intervals,
ribs disappearing gradually towards the base of the last whorl,
a few spiral striae on the interstices about the middle of the
last whorl; white; tooth small. Length, 2 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
0. INTERMIXTA, Monts. PI. 78, figs. 19, 20.
Whorls 4, besides the embryonic, slightly rounded, with
strong longitudinal ribs, nearly straight, and fewer in number
than in 0. interstincta , a spiral thread near the suture, and on
the periphery of the last whorl, tooth minute.
Mediterranean.
It is 0. Jeffrey si, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf., not Koch and
Weichman, the latter a miocene species of earlier description.
Tar. FLEXTCOSTA, Bucq., Dautz. Dollf. Fig. 20.
More elongated than the type, the ribs flexuous.
0. PENCHYNATI, Bucq., Dautz. Dollf. PI. 78, fig. 25.
Closely related to 0. inter stincta and 0. intermixta, but dis-
tinguished by its short pupoidal form and turriculated whorls.
Length, T6 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
0. ABBREVIATA, Monts. PI. 78, fig. 23.
Solid, opaque, gloss3 r , with about a dozen strong sharp longi-
tudinal ribs, terminating abruptly at the bluntly angulated per-
iphery ; white ; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, suture shallow ;
tooth small, indistinct; umbilicus none. Length, 2'5 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
Described by Jeffreys as 0. brevicula, preoccupied by Monte-
rosato.
0. SPIRALIS, Mont. PI. 78, fig. 52.
Rather solid, semitransparent, glossy, with about 30 straight
or slightly curved ribs, broader than the interstices, terminated
at the angulated periphery by a series of spiral basal striae,
which are often closely punctured; whorls 5-6, flatly convex,
shelving towards the suture which is narrow and deep; outer lip
sinuous above; umbilicus a rather prominent chink; tooth very
short, blunt and obscure. Length, 3 mill.
Europe.
ODOSTOMIA. 355
0. TURBONILLOIDES, Brusina. PI. 78, fig. 24.
Shell smaller than the preceding species, the whorls more
flattened, ribs straighter, equaling the interstices, basal spiral
striae stronger. Length, 1-6 mill.
Mediterranean.
0. BREVICULA, Monts., 0. AMOENA, Monts. (0. venusta, Mts., a
synonym), 0. XARDOI, Brusina (all unfigured).
Mediterranean.
Section ODOSTOMIELLA, Bucq., Dautz. Dollf. 1883.
0. DOLIOLUM, Phil. PI. 78, figs. 27, 28, 30.
Solid, with smooth, longitudinal, rounded ribs without
intervals; whorls 4, besides the nucleus, convex, with well im-
pressed suture ; yellowish, with two narrow spiral brown lines,
three on the body-whorl, tooth moderate. Length, 2-2 mill.
Mediterranean.
The synonyms are 0. regularis, Folin ; 0. tricincta, Jeffreys
(fig. 30); 0. bicincta, Tiberi ; 0. unicincta, B. D. D., the last re-
ferring to variations in the banding; and 0. cylindrica, B. D. D.
(fig. 28), and elongata, Monts., both described as more narrowly
elongated forms.
Section ELODFA, Folin, 1870.
0. HORTENSI^E, Nansouty^ Desc. inaccessible to me.
Section MIRALDA, A. Ad., 1863.
0. EXCAVATA, Phil. PI. 78, fig. 31.
Solid, opaque, rather gloss}-, with prominent spiral ridges, of
which there are three on the main part of the body-whorl, and
two slighter ones at the base, and two ridges on the spire whorls,
crossed obliquely by sharp longitudinal ribs, extending to the
base, the intersections with the spiral sculpture appearing nodu-
lous, white ; whorls 6, suture broad and very deep ; tooth small
and remote; umbilicus narrow but distinct. Length, 3*75 mill.
Europe.
The synonyms are 0. trinodosa, Ba3 r neval ; 0. turrita, Metcalfe ;
0. Deshayesiana, Recluz ; 0. Harveyi, Thompson.
356 ODOSTOMIA.
0. CANALTCULATA, Phil. PI. 78, fig. 20.
Shell with three series of granulations on the upper whorls,
six on the body-whorl; whorls flattened, suture deeply chan-
neled. Length, 2'5 mill.
Mediterranean.
0. intermedia, Brusina, is a synonym. This species scarcely
differs from the ipreceding.
II. Species of East Coast of United States, and West Indies.
0. IMPRESS!, Say. PL 78, figs. 33, 34.
Thick, opaque; whorls 7, flat, with deep suture, body-whorl
with 15 revolving lines, the upper ones more distant, about four
lines on the next whorl, the number of lines diminishing on the
upper whorls ; tooth distinct. Length, 5 mill.
New England to Florida.
0. insculpta, DeKay, is a synonym.
Var, GRANATINA, Dall. Fig. 34.
Posterior ribs strongly nodulous. Cedar Keys, Fla.
0. TRIFIDA, Totten. PI. 78, figs. 36, 37.
Smooth, glossy; whorls 8, with about 6 impressed revolving
lines, the one above and two next below the suture wider and
more distinct, ten or twelve very minute lines at the base of the
body-whorl ; fold sharp, oblique ; color ivory or soiled white.
Length, 5 mill.
New England, New York.
0. MARGINATA, Cailliaud (fig. 37), appears to be a specimen of
this shell, accidentally carried to French shores.
0. PRODUCTA, C. B. Adams. PI. 78, fig. 43.
Whorls 8, flatly convex, white, under a light brown epidermis,
smooth, columella flexuously plicate. Length, 5 mill.
Massachusetts.
0. FUSCA, C. B. Adams. PL 78, fig. 41.
Whorls 6, rather flat, suture strongly impressed, with an im-
pressed line below it, smooth, white under a shining brown
epidermis ; fold remote, occasionally double, and sometimes
obsolete. Length, 6 mill.
New England to Florida.
ODOSTOMIA. 357
0. DEALBATA, Stimpson. PI. 78, fig. 40.
White, smooth, pellucid ; whorls 6, rather convex, fold incon-
spicuous. Length, 4 mill.
Massachusetts.
0. MODESTA, Stimpson. PI. 78, fig. 39.
White, smooth; whorls 4, flattened, periphery obtusely angu-
lated, suture impressed ; columellar fold small, oblique.
Length, 3'5 mill.
St. George's Banks.
0. SEMINUDA, Adams. PI. 78, fig. 35.
Whorls 7, convex, those of the spire and upper half of the
body longitudinally plicate, crossed by three spiral lines, giving
a granulated appearance, the folds terminate at the periphery,
below it on the body-whorl are four spiral striae; suture distinct,
indistinctly margined ; pillar fold inconspicuous; glossy white,
translucent. Length, 3'75 mill.
New England to Florida.
0. BISUTURALIS, Say. PI. 78, fig. 38.
Smooth, epidermis light brownish; whorls 5-6, with an im-
pressed revolving line below the suture, periphery obtusely
angulated. Length, 5 mill.
New England.
Jaminea exigua, Couth., and Rissoa rupestris, Forbes, are
synonyms.
0. CEDROSA, Ball. PI. 78, fig. 42.
Whitish, thin, seven whorls, reticulated by longitudinal plica-
tions and narrower interspaces and revolving striae, at the per-
iphery the plications cease, but the spiral sculpture is continued
to the base, but fainter and closer, suture submargined by a
deeper line ; white ; fold obsolete or very faint ; no umbilicus.
Length, 5 - 5 mill.
Cedar Keys, Fla., on mud flats.
0. L^VJGATA, d'Orb. Pi. 78, fig. 44.
Thin, oblong, whitish, smooth, shining; whorls 6, slightly
convex, suture opaquely margined, columella with a very slight
fold. Length, 4 mill.
St. Thomas, W. Indies.
358 ODOSTOMIA.
Unfiyured and doubtful Specie*.
0. DISPARILIS, 0. TORNATA, Yerrill. New England.
0. ACUTIDENS, Dall. Florida.
0. CORTICARIA, Say. Pupa.
0. SOLTDULA, 0. CANALICULATA, 0. OVUL01DES,
0. (MIRALDA) BABYLONICA, all of C. B. Adams. Jamaica.
0. (SPIROCLIMAX) SCALARIS, Morch. St. Thomas, W. I.
O. TORCULA, Morch. St., Thomas,- W. I.
0. CUBENSIS and 0. PUSILLA, Pfr. Cuba.
III. Species of West Coast of North America.
0. INFLATA, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 45.
Thin, light ashy, under an ash-colored epidermis ; whorls 4,
besides the nucleus, rapidly increasing, suture impressed, very
minutely, closely spirally striated ; no umbilicus; tooth trans-
verse, acute. Length, 6'5 mill.
California.
0. Sitkensis, Ball. MS., is doubtfully referred to this species.
O. MUCIFORMIS, Carp. PL 78, fig. 46.
Compact, smooth, solid, white; whorls o, besides the nucleus,
subplanate, margins excavated, base lengthened, not umbilicated ;
lip solid, tooth obtuse, transverse. Length, 7 '5 mill.
Neeah Bay.
0. SATURA, Carp. PL 78, fig. 48.
Solid, smooth, white; whorls 5, besides the nucleus, convex,
with impressed suture, base rounded, subumbilicated, lip scarcely
sinuated ; plica strong, transverse. Length, 7 mill.
Neeah Bay.
Yars. GOULDI and PUPIFORMIS are indicated by Carpenter.
0. STRAMINEA, Carp. PL 78, fig. 47.
Like an elate 0. satura, but much more elate, not inflated,
epidermis light 3'ellowish, without strite. Length, 4'5 mill.
Lower California.
Un figured Species.
O. GRAVIDA, Gould. California.
0. BERINGII, Dall. Alaska.
ODOSTOMIA. 359
0. VALLATA, 0. TENUIS, 0. SUBSULCATA, 0. MAMILLATA, 0. LAM-
ELLATA, of Carpenter. Mazatlan.
0. AVELLANA, Carp. Vancouver Id.
Section EVALEA, A. Ad., 1860.
0. TENUISCULPTA, Carp. PI. 78, fig. 49.
Whitish, thin, diaphanous ; whorls 3, besides the nucleus,
with impressed suture, with rather wide spiral sulcations, three
on the upper whorls and upper part of body-whorl, six subobso-
lete on the lower part of body-whorl; tooth acute, small.
Length, 2'5 mill.
Neeah Bay.
Unfigured Species.
0. ^EQUISCULPTA and 0. DELICATULA, Carp. Cape St. Lucas, L. Cat.
0. SUBLIRULATA, Carp. Mazatlan.
Section TYRGULINA, A. Ad., 1863.
Un figured Species.
P. ZIZIPHINA, P. PHOTIS, P. CONVEXA, P. LACUNATA, P. ARMATA
and P. SCALARIFORMIS, Carp. Mazatlan.
P. NOTABILIS (Syns. P. turrita, C. B. Ad., P. quinquecincta,
Carp.), and P. TEREBELLUM (Syn. P. exarata, Carp.), of C.
B. Adams. Panama and Mazatlan.
P. CLATHRATULA, C. B. Ad. Panama.
IV. Polynesian Species.
0. INTEHSTRIATA, Souverbie. PI. 78, figs. 51, 50.
Thin, subpellucid, somewhat glossy, cinereous ; whorls 7, longi-
tudinally ribbed, the interstices with close spiral striae', columella
with a stout fold. Length, 4 mill.
New Caledonia, Samoa and Viti Is.
The last two localities are for 0. densecostata, Garrett (fig.
50), which that gentleman, in a letter to me, acknowledges to be
a synonym.
360 ODOSTOMIA.
0. AMANDA, Garrett. PL 18, fig. 52.
Rather thin, subpellucid, somewhat shining, cinereous, longi-
tudinally ribbed, constricted below the suture, forming a row of
granules, interstices of equal width and spirally impressly striated ;
whorls 7, convex, suture deep and crenulated ; tooth obsolete.
Length, 3 mill.
Viti Is.
0. PULCHRA, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 53.
Thin, slightly shining, remotely longitudinal^ ribbed, with
wider, closely spirally ridged interstices ; whorls 7, convex, nar-
rowly shouldered above ; white; plait small, oblique.
Length, 4 '5 mill.
Viti Is.
0. SULCATA, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 54.
Rather solid, subpellucid, shining, white ; whorls about 12,
longitudinally grooved, with narrower interstices, gradually dis-
appearing on the back of the body-whorl, suture deep ; plait
stout, callous. Length, 8*5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. OBELTSCUS, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 55. -
Shell thin, hyaline, white, decussated by microscopical longi-
tudinal lines and spiral impressed striae ; whorls 10, suture linear,
margined ; plait rather small. Length, 6'5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. VITREA, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 56.
Thin, vitreous, pellucid, smooth, shining; whorls 11, suture
linear, rather widely margined ; aperture with revolving lamellae
within, fold stout; umbilicus with a small fissure.
Length, 7'5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. EXILIS, Garrett. PI. 79, fig. 57.
Fragile, pellucid, shining, white, finely longitudinally striated;
whorls 6-8, convex, suture well impressed ; columellar fold
small. Length, 4 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. DENSESTRIATA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 58.
Thin, pellucid, shining, white ; whorls 11, flatly convex.closelj',
finely spirally striated, crossed by more delicate growth-lines,
suture impressed; plait rather small. Length, 9 mill.
Viti Islands.
ODOSTOMIA. 361
0. ORYZA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 59.
Thin, smooth, glossy, white ; whorls 7, flatly convex, suture
faintly impressed, broadly margined ; columella concave, slightly
callous, with a rather small plait. Length, 3'5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. CRYSTALLINA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 60.
Rather thick, subpellucid, smooth, shining white, decussated
by microscopic striae ; whorls 11-12, nearly flat, suture impressed ;
columella arched, callous, with stout plait. Length, 7*5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. LUTEA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 61.
Smooth, shining, luteous } r ellow ; whorls 9-10, flatly convex,
the last obsoletely subangulated on the periphery, suture im-
pressed and margined ; a slight umbilical fissure ; plait distinct.
Length, 7 mill.
Viti Islands ; New Caledonia.
The last locality is for 0. rufula, Souverbie. The description
does not mention a sutural margin in that species, but it is in-
distinctly shown in the figure.
0. UNILINEATA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 62.
Smooth, shining, subpellucid, white, with a yellowish brown
line just above the suture; whorls about 11, convex, with deep
suture ; aperture lirate within, fold prominent.
Length, 10'5 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. CUSPIDATA, Garrett. PL 79, fig. 63.
Smooth, shining, creamy white, with a microscopical articulate
darker line on the middle of the whorls ; whorls 13-15, convex,
the last showing growth-lines, suture deep; aperture lirate with-
in, slightly expanded at the base; columella callous, fold stout ;
umbilicus fissured. Length, 11 mill.
Viti Islands.
0. ACICULINA, Souverbie. PL 79, fig. 64.
Smooth, subpellucid, white, with two orange-brown revolving
lines, sometimes coalescing into a single broader band ; whorls
11, longitudinally, minutely, impressly striate, suture impressed,
sometimes spirally substriated on the base, varicose around the
umbilicus; columella with an ascending plica. Length, 8 mill.
New Caledonia
362 ODOSTOMIA.
0. BULIMOIDES, Souverbie. PI. 79, fig. 69.
Rather solid, corneous white, longitudinally subobliquely
striated ; whorls 9, slightly convex, with impressed suture ;
plait distinct. Length, 6 mill.
New Caledonia.
0. PUP^EFORMIS, Souverbie. PI. 79, figs. 65, 66.
White, longitudinally costate, the equal interstices spirally
impressed striate ; whorls 9, slightly convex, suture rather deep ;
columella strongly plicate. Length, 5*5 mill.
New Caledonia ; New South Wales.
0. Kreffli, Angas (fig. 66), is a S3*nonym.
0. L-fflvis, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 67.
Thin, subdiaphanous, shining, white; whorls 7, a little
rounded, suture channeled ; fold strongly developed.
Length, 7 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
0. ANGASI, Tryon. PI. 79, fig. 68.
Rather thin, smooth, shining, white; whorls 6, flattened,
suture impressed ; columellar fold strong. Length, 6 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
Described by Angas as 0. lactea, preoccupied by D linker.
0. (PARTHENIA) PASCOET, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 70.
Rather thin, rimate, pale yellowish brown ; whorls 7, longitu-
dinally rather closely plicate, plicae evanescent on the basal
portion of the last whorl, transversely finely striated ; whorls 8,
somewhat convex, suture well impressed ; columellar plait
moderate. Length, 8 mill.
Port Jackson , Australia.
0. YJNCENTINA, Tryon. PI. 79, fig. 72.
Moderately thin, white, regularly longitudinally ribbed, the
interstices crossed by very fine hair-like striae ; whorls 7-J, slightly
convex, contracted at the suture, suture profound ; columellar
plait strong. Length, 5 mill.
St. Vincent's Gulf, Australia.
The specific name is substituted for 0. (Parthenia) yracilis,
Angas, not Pease.
ODOSTOMIA. 363
0. SIMPLEX, Angas. PI. 79, fig. 71.
Rather solid, smooth, whitish ; whorls 7 J, rather flat, a little
angulatecl at the suture ; aperture 1 irate within, plait sharp,
transverse. Length, 4 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
0. STIUATA, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 73
Subpellucid, whitish, spire sometimes stained yellowish or
brownish, finely spirally striated ; whorls 7, planely convex,
slightly angulate at the well-impressed suture ; fold distinct.
Length, 5-5 mill.
Paumotus.
0. POLITA, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 74.
Smooth, glabrous, whitish or yellowish ; whorls 8, nearly
plane, suture slightly impressed; columella callous, fold well-
developed. Length, 6 mill.
Tahiti.
0. RUBRA, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 75.
Longitudinally striated, and indistinctly so spirally, light rose
color; whorls 9-10, plane, suture margined; columella slightly
callous, fold small. Length, 10 mill.
Paumotus.
0. ROSACEA, Pease. PI 79, fig. 76.
Solid, smooth, shining, rosy, paler at the base; whorls 5,
plano-convex, suture obsoletely margined, with a row of obsolete
light spots. Length, 7 mill.
Paumotus.
0. GRACILIS, Pease. PI. 79, fig. 77.
Thin, elongated, finely spirally striated ; whorls 6, flatly convex,
acutely angulatecl at the suture. Length, 4 mill.
Sandwich Is.
0. DEBILTS, Pease. PL 79, fig. 79.
Rather thick, longitudinally striated, and very minutely so
spirally ; whorls 9, flat, acutely angulatecl at the suture, periphery
obtusely angulatecl ; white, spire rosy. Length, 9 mill.
Rowland's Isl.
Undetermined Species.
0. OBTUSA, Gould. Bonin Islands.
0. BULLULA, Gould. Loo Choo.
364 ODOSTOMIA.
Y. Asiatic Species.
0. FASCIATA, D anker. PL 79, fig. 81.
Very smooth, shining, white, with a thin band ; whorls 8, flat,
with incised suture ; plait distinct ; columella barely rimate.
Length, 5 mill.
Japan.
0. LACTEA, Bunker. PI. 79, fig. 80.
Rather solid, white, shining; whorls 8, flattened, with deep
suture; fold conspicuous. Length, 6'5 mill.
Japan.
0. COSTULATA, Bunker. PI. 79, fig. 83.
Longitudinally costate, whitish ; whorls 8, a little convex,
suture distinct; plica oblique, strong. Length, 5 mill.
Japan.
0. CARINATA, A. Ad. PI. 79, fig. 82.
Imperforate, thin, smooth, whitish ; whorls 6, the upper ones
unicarinated. The body bi-carinated, shouldered ; plica distinct.
Length, 3 mill.
Persian Gulf.
Probably a monstrosity.
0. CLYSMATJCA, Issel. PI. 79, fig. 84.
Imperforate, solid, white, a little shining, transversely costu-
late ; whorls 5J, a little convex, suture margined, upper whorls
longitudinally plicate, the last at the suture only ; plait small.
Length, 2 mill.
Red Sea.
0. DECORATA, Phil. PI. 79, fig. 85.
Longitudinally plicated, the wider interstices spirally striated,
plicae continuing to the base; whorls 6, slightly convex, with
well-impressed suture ; plait small. Length, 3 mill.
Red Sea.
0. CRATICULATA, Issel. PI. 79, fig. 86.
Imperforate, yellowish white, solid, a little shining; longitu-
dinally plicate, plicae stopping at the periphery of the last whorl,
spirally costulate throughout ; whorls G^-, flatly convex, suture
profound; tooth small; umbilical region excavated.
Length, 3 mill.
Red Sea.
ODOSTOMIA. 365
0. SUEZIENSIS, Isscl. PL 79, fig. 87.
Yellowish white, translucent, somewhat solid, smooth ; whorls
6, rapidly increasing ; suture lightly impressed, brown margined ;
tooth small. Length, 4 mill.
Red Sea.
0. SOLIDULA, Philippi. PI. 79, fig. 88.
Subim perforate, white, smooth, shining ; whorls 6 ; suture
deep ; lip striate within.
Red Sea.
Issel's figure shows indistinct spiral striae.
Un figured Species.
0. SUTURALTS, 0. SUBULATA, 0. ERYTHR^A, O. DOLIARTS, all of
Philippi. Red Sea.
0. V1RIDESCENS, 0. PHYSOIDES, 0. LIRATA, 0. PUNCTICULATA, Goilld.
China Sea.
0. SUBPLANATA, 0. PLANATA, Gould. Hong Kong.
0. SCALARINA, 0. SOLUTA, Gould. LOO CJlOO.
0. SUBDIAPHANA, 0. ACHATINELLA, 0. PRUINOSA, 0. NEGLECTA,
0. CANA, 0. NIVEA, 0. GONIOSTOMA, 0. OVOIDEA, 0. SUBANGU-
LATA, 0. VITREA, 0. PYGM^EA, 0. NANA, 0. JAPONICA, O. VEN-
TRICOSA, 0. OBESULA, 0. PUPA, 0. TENERA, 0. SCALINA, 0.
ELATA, 0. HYALINA, 0. OBLONGA, 0. (AURICULTNA) OVAL1S,
0. (AURICULTNA) GRAYI, O. (EVALEA) PYRAMIS, O. (EVA-
LEA) ARCUATA, 0. (EVALEA) ELEGANS, 0. (MlRALDA) DIA-
DEMA, 0. (MlRALDA) GEMMA, 0. (MlRALDA) MARIELLA, 0.
(PARTHENIA) CCELATA, 0. (PARTH.) CASTA, 0. (PARTH.)
MINNA, 0. (PARTH.) BRENDA, 0. (PARTH.) ELEGANTULA, O.
(PARTH.) PYGMYEA, 0. (PARTH.) PULCHELLA, O. (PARTH.)
COXCINNA, 0. (PARTH.) MIRANDA, 0. (PARTH.) PURA, 0.
(PARTH.) CKELATA, 0. (PARTH.) BELLULA, 0. (PARTH.) FENES-
TRATA, 0. (PYRGULINA) DECUSSATA, 0. (PYRG.) TANTILLA,
O. (PARTH.) SIMRATA, 0. (PARTH.) LITTORALIS, O. (PARTH.)
PUNCT1GERA, 0. (CflRYSALLIDA) SEM1PLTCATA, 0. (PARTH.)
PAGODULA, 0. (PARTH.) PUSIO, 0. (PARTH.) FOVEOLATA, 0.
(PARTH.) COSTELLATA, all of A. Adams. Japan.
0. VITR^EA, 0. ELLIPSOIDEA, 0. CANALICULATA, 0. MEGACHEILOS,
G. ACUTELIRATA, 0. FALLAX, 0. NfiviLLi, Folin. (Descrip-
tions are inaccessible to me.) Andaman Isl.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
EULIMIDJD, PYRAMIDELLID.E, TUKBONILLID^E.
PAGE.
Abbreviata (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, . 275
Abbreviata (Odostomia), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit.,
88, 1884, 354
Abbreviata (St} T lifer subangulatus, var.), Morch. Mai.
Blatt., xxii, p. 183, 1875, . . . . . . .292
A can thy His (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvii, 118, 278
Acerrima (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvii, 118, 278
Achates (Pyramidella), Gld. Otia Conch., 186, 1852, . 303
Achatinella (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d
ser., vi, 417, 1860, 3^5
Acicula (Eulimellaj, Philippi. Ennm. Moll. Sic., i, p. 158,
t. 9, f. 6, 1836, . 340
Acicula (Leiostraca), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 84, 1849, 282, 208
Acicularia, Monterosato. Noraencl. Conch. Medit., 102,
1884, . 259
Acicularis (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 182, 1853, 335
Acicularis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
125, 1861, 278
Aciculata (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 438, 1860, . . 278
Aciculata (Eulima), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 36 (not Pease).
= E. acicula, Gould, 282
Aciculata (Syrnola), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
808, t. 171,' f. 21, 1855, 306
Aciculina, Desh. (not H. and A. Ad.), 1853.
= Baudonia, Bayan, 1864, 319
Aciculina (Odostomia), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., xiii,
p. 150, 1865, 3C>1
Aclis (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, . . 278
Aclis (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . . 306
Aclis (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
816, t. 172, f. 16, 17, 1855 297,312
Actaeopyramis, Fischer. Man. de Conch., 787, 1885, . 297, 313
Acuformis (Eulima), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiatic Soc.
Bengal, p. 98, 1875, . . . ' 271
Aculeus (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 164, 1852, . 334
(3G6)
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 367
PAGE.
Acuminata (? Chrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panama Sh., No. 220,
1852, ...... 334
Acuminata (Monoptygma), Old. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406,
1861 ' 315
Acus (Obeliscus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., p. 3451, . . . 301
Acuta (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . . 268
Acuta (Leiostraca), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, ' . . 280
Acuta (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d
scr., ii, p. 338 348
Acutalis (Eulima), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xi,
p. 397, t. 16, f. 5, 1883.
Acutelirata (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Andam., 365, . 277
Acuticostata (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proc.. p. 359, 1884, 322
Acutidens (Odostomia), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi,
p. 331, 1883, 358
Acutissima (Leiostraca), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp.
10, 1866, 28L
Acutissima (Turbonilla), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit.,
92, 1884 324
Acutus (Turbo), Donov. Brit. Shells.
= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. ...... 322
Adamantina (Eulima), Folin. Les Meleagrinicoles, p. 62,
t. 6,f. 2, 1867, 272
Adamsii (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,sp. 38, 1866.
= E. nitidula, A. Ad 271
Adamsi (Pyramidella), Trvon, 306
.Eii-lees (Nisso), Bush. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm.. p. 83, 1883-
1885, ........... 288
^Equisculptis (Odostomia), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xiv, p. 46, 1864 359
Aflinis (Chemnitzia),C.B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 165, 1852 ; Carp.,
Zool. Proc., 339, 1863 334
Aflinis (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . . 277
Affinis (Eulima), Phil. Ennm. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 135, 1844.
= E. acicula, Phil., var 340
Agatha, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., vi,422, 1860, 296, .309
Alba (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 2d ser., ii,
337 ; 3d ser., iii, t. 3, f/20. = 0. Rissoides, Hanley,var. 347
Alba (Odostomia), Calkins. Cat. Shells of Florida, p. 239,
t. 8,f. 1, 2 343
Albella (Odostomia), Loven. Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 19, . 349
Albella (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vii, 297, 1861, 335
Albida (Cythnia), Carp. Snppl. Kept., 657, 1864, . . 293
Albula (Menestho), Gould (not Moller). Invert. Mass., 1842.
= M. striatula, Couth 345
368 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PA OK.
Albula (Menestho), Moller. Inrl. Moll. Groenl., 1842 ; Bush.,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,vi,p. 242, t. 9, f. 11, . . .344
Albus (Turbo), Pennant. Brit. Zool.
= Odostomia lactea, Linn. ...... 322
Albus (Turbo), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, 177.
= Eulima polita, Linn. ....... 274
Alveata (Clnysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 45,
1861 311
Amabilis (Eulima), Braz. Linn. Soc., N. S. W., i, p. 285,
1876, . . 278
Amanda (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 225, t. 3, f. 43, 1873, 360
Amathis, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., viii, 303, 1861, 296, 309
Amaurella, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . . . 260, 286
Ambigua (Pyramidella). Gld. Otia. Conch., p. 60, 1846.
= Rissoina, Gld., Otia. Conch., p. 245, . . . .312
Ambigua (Turbonilla), Weink. Conch. Mittelm., ii, 216,
1868. = Odostomia Interstincta, Monts. . . . 358
Amblia (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvii, 127, . 278
Americana (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Amer. Merid. p. 397, t. 53,
f. 17-19 331
Amcena (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 313
Amoena (Odostomia), Monts. Enum. e Sinon., p. 34,. . 355
Amaura, de Folin. 1873, 295, 304
Anceyana (S3 r rnolopsis),Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika,
20, 1885, 316
Angasi (Odostomia), Tryon, 362
Anglica (Eulima), Sowb. Conch. Illust., fig. 8.
= E, polita, Linn 274
Angulata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
127, 1861, 278
Angusta (Chrysallida), Carp. Ann. Mag., xiv, 47, 1864, .311
Angusta (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
iii, t. 3, f. 18. = 0. pallida, Mont., var 346
Angusta (Odostomia), Monts. Conch. Medit., 13, . . 341
Anisocycla, Monts. Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., vi, p. 72, 1880.
= Baudonia, Bay an 319
Annulatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii,
p. 812, t. 171, f. 26, 1855. = Oscilla, A. Ad. . . .309
Antiflexa (Eulima), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 101,
1884. = E. incurva, var. exilis 275
Apheles (Eulima), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
p. 41, 1878, . . .278
Apicalia,A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., ix, 295, 1862, . 260, 283
Apiculatum (Scalenostoma), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch.,
p. 383, 1876; p. 77, 1877, 287
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Apiculatus (Stylifer), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch, p. 238,
t. 9, f. 6, 1862 201
Aptyxiella, Fischer. Manuel de Conch., 689, 1885, . . 299
Aptyxis, Zittel, 1873. Handb. Pal., i, pt. 2, 247, . . 299
Arabica (Eulimella), Issel. Mare Rosso, p. 182, t. 2, f. 5,
1X69 341
Arcuata (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . . 277
Arcuata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,sp. 14, 1866.
= E. major, Sowb. ........ 266
Arcuata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. X. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 22, 1860 365
Arcuella, G. and H. Nevill. Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal,
p. 26, 1874, . . . ' .. 259
Arenaria (Helix). Maton and Rachett.
= Odostomia decussata, Mont. . . . . . 352
Areolata (Chemnitzia), Rayneval. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 354,
1884. = Odostomia indistincta, Mont 326
Areolata (Turbonilla), Yerrill. Rep. U. S. Fish Commis-
sion, i, p. 659, 1874, ... ... .328
Ariel (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii,
p. 239, 1861, 282
Armata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 415, 1857, . . 359
Articulata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, . . 269
Asteriaphila (Stylina), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii,
p. 478, 1864, 293
Astericola (Stylifer), A. Ad. Yoy. Samarang, p. 46, t. 17,
f. 5, 1850. "= S. cvoidea, H. and A. Ad 290
Astericola (Stylifer), Brod. Zool. Proc., p. 60, 1832, . . 290
Astericola (Stylifer), Brown. 111. Conch. Gt. Brit., 133, 1844.
== S. Turtoiii, Brod 290
Attenuata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Eulima,
sp. 46, 1866, .282
Attenuata (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proc., p. 360, 1884.
= Turbonilla micans, Monts. ...... 323
Attenuata (Stylifer), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 11, 1878, . 292
Attenuates (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii,
p. 811, t. 171, f. 22, 1855 306
Augur (Eulima), Angas. Zool. Pr*oc., p. 56, 1865, . . 269
Aurantia (Chemnitzia), Carp. Jour, de Conch., xii, 147,
1865 333
Aurantia (Eulimn), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 144,
1884, 278
Aurantiaca(Styloptygma), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112,1867, 313
Auriculina, Gray (not Grat., 1838). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847,
= Ondina, Monts 321
Auristomia, Monts. H Nat. Sicil, p. 201, 1885, . . 321, 35<2
24
370 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Australis (Agatha), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 15, t. 1, f. 9,
1871, 303, 309
Australis (Cingulina), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Ro}'. Soc.,
Tasmania, p. 14, 1875, 339
Avellana (Odostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
xix, 1864, . . .359
Babylonia (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., p. 6, 1846, 358
Bacula, H. and A. Adams. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, 1863, 259, 283
Badia (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1802, . .311
Balcis, Leach MS. Gray, Zool. Proc., 1847. = Eulima, Risso. 259
Ballire (Turbonilla), Thompson. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv,
15-1. = T. indistincta, Mont., . 326
Balteata(Leiostraca),A.Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 89, 1864, 283
Balteatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
809, t. 171,f. 25, 1855, 300
Barleei (Chemnitzia), Clark. Ann. Nat. Hist., vii, 129, 1851.
= Odostomia eximia, Jeffreys, ..... 352
Barronii (Stylifer), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 137, 1854, . 291
Baudonia, Bayan, 1873, 319
Bayania, Munier-Chalmas, 1877, 206
Beddomei (Chemnitzia), Petterd. Journ. of Conch , iv, p.
136, 1884, . 335
Bellula (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
3 ser., vi, 415, 1860, 365
Bering! (Odostomia), Dall. Amer. Journ. Conch., vii, p.
117, 1872 ..... 358
Beryllina (Eulima), Monts. Jour, de Conch., 151, 1878, . 278
Bicarinata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 171, 1856, . 335
Bicincta (Mucronalia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
v, p. 301, 1860, 285
Bicincta (Odostomia doliolum, var.), Tiberi. Journ. de
Conch., p. 62, 1868, 3f>5
Bicincta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . ;53<i
Bicolor (Pyramidella), Mke. Mai. Blatt., i, p. 28, 1854, . 3u4
Bifascialis (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p.
88, 1864, . 283
Bifasciata (Eulima), d'Orb. Cuba, i, p. 216, 1853, . .279
Bifasciata (Syrnola), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.,
Tasmania, p. 13, 1875, ... ... 309
Bifasciata (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
3 ser., vii, 297, 1861, 334
Bilineata (Eulima), Ad. and Rve. Yoy. Samarang, p. 52, t.
11, f. 24. = Leiostraca bivittata, H. and A. Ad. . . 279
Bilineata (Leiostraca), Alder. Moll, of Northumb. and
Durham, 279
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 371
PAGE.
Bilirata (Jaminea), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, t. 29, f. 3, . 351
Bipartita (Eulima), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 120, 1860, . 278
Bisnturalis (Odostomia), Say. Jour. Philada. Acad., ii, 244,
1821, 357
Bittiformis (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 171, 1856, . 335
Bivittata (Leiostraca), H. and A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll., i,
p. 239, 279
Bizona (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 88,
1864 283
Bizonalis (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi,
p. 334, 1860, 309
Bizonata (Eulima piriformis, var.), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,
369, 1884, 276
Boholensis (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 180, 1853, 335
Bonellia, Desli. (not Rolando), Lain. Anim. sans Vert., viii,
p. 449. = Niso, Risso, 261
Boscii (Melania), Payr. Moll, de Corse., p. 112, t. 5, f. 15,
16,1826. = Eulima polita, Linn -274
Bourguetia, Desh., 1871, 263
Braciiystomia, Monts. II Nat. Sicil., p. 200, 1885.
= Odostomia, Fleming, 320
Brazieri (Cincrulina), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 35, 1877, . 338
Brazieri (Sty lifer), Angus. Zool. Proc., p. 173, 1877, . 291
Brenda (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
478, 1860 365
Brevicula (Eulima), Bunker, 285
Brevicula (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xi, p. 397, t. 16, f. 4, 1883. = O. abbreviata, Monts. . 354
Brevicula (Odostomia), Monts. Enuin. e Sin., 33, 1878, . 355
B rev-is (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., p. 7, 1834, . . . 267
Brevis (Eulima), Requien. Coq. de Corse., p. 58, 1848.
= E. polita, Linn., var. . . . . . . 274
Brevis (Odostomia Hum bold ti, var.), Requien. Coq. Cors ,
p. 59, 1848 . . .345
Breviuscula (Eulima), Dkr. Juhrbuch. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell.,
p. 242,1875 277
Broderipii (Stylifer), Adams. = S. astericola, Brod. . 290
Brugnoni (Odostomia), Monts. Jour, de Conch., p. 266,
1874. = 0. clavula, Lovdn, 344
Bruneri (Menestho), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 539,
1882, 345
Brunnea (Niso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . . .288
Brunnea (S.yrnola), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 810,
t. 171, f. 35, 1855, 306
Brvchius (Stylifer), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xvii,p. 130,
1883, 293
372 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Bulbiformis (Stylifer), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 18, 1878.
= S. subulatus, Brod. and Sowb. ..... 291
Bulimella, Hall. Trans. Albany Inst., iv, 29, 1858.
= Subulites, Conr ......... 25
Bulimoides (Odostomia), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., 8, f. 10,
1873. = 0. bulimulus, Brugn ...... 352
Bulimoides (Odostomia), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch., xiii,
p. 151,1865, ......... 362
Bulimorpha. Whitfield, 1882. = Subulites, Conrad,. . 2(;5
Bulimulus (Odostomia), Brugnone. Monts , Jour, de Conch.,
268, 1874, . . . . ...... 352
Bnlimus (Eulima), Scacchi. = Odostomia plicata, Mont. 346
Bulinea (Menestho), Lowe. Zool. Proc., p. 40, 1840, . . 345
Bullula (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 404, 1861, . 363
Bushiana (Odostomia), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 537 ;
Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 357, 1884. = 0. magnifica, Seguenza, 323
Buxea (Syrnola), Gld. Otia Conch., p. 147, . . . 309
Caclata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., xv, 399, 1865, 333
Caelata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p 303, 18iil, * . ..'... 315
Gaelata (Parthenia), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 4, 1863, 365
Caelata (Turbonilla), Gld. Bost. Proc.. vii, p. 406, 1861, . 336
Calameli (Chemnitzia), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, p.
273, 1880, .......... 326
Caledonica (Eulima), Morelet. Journ. de Conch., p. 342, t.
12, f. 1, la, 1881, ........ 285
Callosa (Styliferina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., vi, p. 124,
1870, ........... 286
Cambessedesii (Melania), Payr. Moll, de Corse, p. 107, t.
5, f. 11,12. = Eulima subulata, Donovan, . . . 279
Campanell0e (Melania), Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 156, 1836.
= Turbinella lactea, Linn., var ...... 322
Campyla (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p.
121', 1883, . . ........ 278
Cana (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., vi,
417, 1860, ....... ... 365
Canaliculata (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Contr. p. 109, 1850, . 358
Canaliculata (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . 365
Canaliculata (Pyramidella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., p. 720, 1873, 302
Canaliculata (Rissoa), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 223, 1844, . 356
Cancellata (Dunkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 435, 1857, . 338
Cancellata (Dunkeria), i'Orb. Cuba, p. 225, t. 17,f. 1-3, 1853, 337
Candida (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, 1853, . 335
Candida (Eulima), Marrat. Proc. Liverpool Philos. Soc.,
p. 339, 1880 ; Smith, Journ. of Conch., iv, 282, . . 266
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 373
PAGE.
Candida (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 207, t.
28, f. 13, 327
Candidula (Niso), A. Ad. Sowcrb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 802,
1855, . . . . . . . . . . 288
Candidas (Obeliscus), Meusch. Morch, Mai. BUitt., xxii,
158. =P. conica, C. B. Ad 302
Careliopsis, Morch. Mai. Blatt., 1874, . . . 297, 315
Carinata (Odostomia), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., p. 206, t. 23,
f. 4, 1873, 364
Carinata (Salassia), Folin, 1870. = Cingulina, . , 339
Carinatum (Scalenostoma), Desh. Conch. Reunion, p. 58,
t. 7, f. 26, 27, 1863, 287
Carneola (Eulima), Gould. Bost. Proc., p. 404, 1860, . 278
Casta (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 301, 1861, 314
Casta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii,
p. 240, 1861, 282
Casta (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 365
Castanea (El usa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, . . 311
C.B.Adamsi (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 427, 1857, . 333
Cedrosa (Odostomia), Dall. Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., vi, p.
331, 1883, 357
Cereum (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, 313
Cerina (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., vii,
297,1861, ... .335
Charissa (Eulimella), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
193, t. 32, f. 4, 4 a, 46, 1884, .342
Chascanon (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p.
114, 1883, . .278
Chatliamensis (Eulima), Hutton. Cat. N. Zeal. Moll., 73.
= Rissoa variegata, Angas, . . . . . .278
Chaunax (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 114,
1883. = E. piriformis, Brugn 276
Chemnitzia, d'Orb. Pal. Fran^, 1850, . . . .265
Chemnitzia, d'Orb., 1839 (not 1850), Hist. Nat. lies Canaries.
= Turbonilla, Risso,' 317
Chemnitziana (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 34 302
Chocolata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 220, 1866, 333
Chrysallida, Carp. Mazat. Cat., 416, 1857, . . . 297, 311
Chrysallida (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p.* 127, 1861, 278
Chrysozona (Chemnitzia), Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, p.
301, t. 20, f. 21, 1880, .337
Chydsea (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 124,
1883, 278
Chyta (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc.,xvii,p. 121, 1883, 278
374 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
FAOE.
Cincta (Chrysallida), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 220, 1866, . 315
Cincta (Pyramidella), Rve. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 198, 1842, 299
Cincta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . 336
Cinctella (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 89,
1864, 288
Cinctella (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., vi, p"; 333, 1860, SOT
Cinctella (Turbonilla), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 119, 1860, 334
Cingenda (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 89,
1864, . . 283
Cingulata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 1861. = Oscilla, 310
Cingulata (Eulimella), Issel. Conch. Mare Rosso, 182,
1869. = T. Isseli, Try on, 339
Cingulata (Eulima), Requien. Cat. Moll. Corse, 58, . .341
Cingulata (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mai. Blalt., vi, p. 239, 1860, 338
Cingulina, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 414, 1860, 318, 338
Cinnamomea (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, .311
Cionella (Eulima), Monts. Jour, de Conch., 154, 1878, . 2T8
Circinata (Cingulina), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 414, 1860, 318, 339
Circinata (Oscilla), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 311, 186T, . 310
Circum'cincta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc.. vii, p.
88, 1864, .283
Circumdata (Chemnitzia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 40T, 1861, 335
Clara (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
129, 1861. = E. pauxillus, A. Ad. . ... 281
Clathrata (Chemnitzia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist.,ii, p. 245, 1848, .'.... . 32T
Clathrata (Odostomia), Monts. (not Jeffr.). Notizie Conch.
Med., 41, 1872, var. Jeffreysiana. = Turbonilla Jeffrey s-
iana, Seguenza, ......... 325
Clathrata (Tornatella), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, 166,
1836. = Menestho Humboldti, Risso, . . . . 345
Clathratula (Chrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panama Sh., 165,
311, 1852, . . 359
Clathratula (Monoptygma), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. 169,
1875, . . . 314
Clansilliformis (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 426, 185T, 313
Clavella (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag.. Nat. Hist.,
p. 129, 1861, . .282
Clavula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
125, 1861, 278
Clavula (Odostomia), LoveVi. Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 18, . 344
Clavulus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
811, t. 171, f. 33, 1855. = P. Achates, Gould, . . 303
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 375
PAGE.
Climacina, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sci. Nat. Palermo, xiii,
126, 1878, 264
Clysmatica (Oclostomia), Issel. Savigny, Descript. de
1'Egypte Coq., t. 3, f. 36, , . . . . . 364
Columella (Strombus), Meusch. Mus. Gevers.,p. 490, 1787.
= Obeliscus dolabratus, Linn. ...... 300
Columnella (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 235, 1862.
= Pyramidella ornata, Gld 307
Comatulicola (Stylifer), Graff. Zeitsch. Wissenscb. Zool.,
v, supplement, p. 124, 1875, 293
Commoda (Turbonilla),' A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . 336
Commimis (Cbrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panam. Sh., 166, 312,
1852, - 297, 311
Commutata (Eulimella), Monts. Nat. Sicil., 203, 1885;
Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 98. = E. acicula, Phil. . . 340
Compacta (Eulima), Carp. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii,
p. 221, 1866 278
Compactilis (Eulima), Monts. Nuova Rivista, 35, . . 275
Compactilis (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch. , iv, 169,
1867, 339
Compressa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 360, 1884, 324
Compta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 ser.,
vii, 298, 1861, 335
Concinna (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, 1853, . 335
Conoinna (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
479, 1860, .' . .314
Concinna (Menestho), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860.
= Amathis, 309
Concinna (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii,
p. 819, t. 172, f. 34, 1855, 365
Concinna (Odostomia elegans, var.), Monts. II Nat. Sicil.,
p. 202, 1885, .351
Conica (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . . 277
Conica (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 44, 1866, 270
Conica (Pyramidella), C. B. Ad. Cat. Panama Shells, 200,
1852, 302
Conoidea (Eulima), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proc., iv,
115, 1851, 273
Conoidea (Odostomia), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. Subapp., ii,
p. 659, t. 16, f. 2, 349
Conoidalis (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 22,
1865, 269
Consimilis (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 44, 1861, 311
Consobrina (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
44, 1861, 311
376 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Conspicua (Odostomia), Alder. Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field
Club, i, 359, 320, 349
Conspurcata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii,
87, 1864, 283
Constant! a (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
viii, 240, 1861, 282
Convexa (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 424, 1857, . 359
Cora (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 398, t. 76, f.
7-9, . .332
Corallina (Stylifera), Chemnitz, xi, f. 2084-2085, 1795, . 2<)2
Cornea (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, 1853, . 335
Corneliana (Proto), Newc. Amer. Journ. Conch., v, p.
164, t. 17, f. 6, 1870, 312
Corpulenta (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Andaman., 1879, . 337
Corrugata (Pyramidella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., ed. Desh.,
iv, p. 56, 305
Corticaria (Odostomia), Say. N. E., i, 2d ed., t. 4. f. 5, A.
C., 1816. = Pupa, 358
Costellata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 302,
1861, . . 311
Costellata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
vii, 42, 1861, 3C5
Costifera (Turbinella), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc,, p. 735,
. 1871, 327
Costulata (Odostomia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 233, I860,. 364
Costulata (Turbonilla), Terrill. Rep. U. S. Fish Commis-
sion, i, p. 658, 1874, .329
Crassa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 350, 1884, . 340
Crassa (Odostomia), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv,
315. = 0. pallida, Mont., var. . . . 346
Crassula (Enlima), Jeffreys. Malac. Conch. Mag., 34.
= Eulimella Scillse, Scacchi, . . .339
Crassula (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 90,
1864, 283
Craticulata (Odostomia), Issel. Mar. Rosso, 180, 1869, . 364
Craticulata (Odostomia), Renier. Brusina, Jour, de Conch.,
238, 1869, . . .... 345
Craticulata (Turbonilla), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 119,
1860 334
Crebrifilata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d
ser., xv, 380, 1865, . . 333
Crebristriata (Chrysallida), Carp. Zool. Proc., p. 170,
1856, 311
Crenata (Parthenia), Lowe. = Chemnitzia rufa, Phil. . 326
Crocata (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Reeve's Conch. Icon., sp.
36, 1865, 307
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 377
PAfJE.
Cryptoplocus, Pictet and Campiche. Mater. Pal. Suisse,
257, 1854, ........ .299
Crystallina (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p.
86, 1864, 283
Crystallina (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. A cad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 226, t. 3, f. 49, 1873, 361
Cr3 7 stallinula (Turbonilla), Issel. Mai. Mar. Rosso, p. 176,
t. 1, f. 18, 1869, . 336
Cubensis (Tornatellina), Pfr. Shuttleworth, Ann. N. Y.
Lye., vi, 73. = Odostomia, 358
Cumingii (Chemnitzia), Carp. Zool. Proc., 170, 1856, . 336
Cumingii (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, . 267
Cumingiana (Styliier), Adams MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
sp. 5, . 291
Curta (St3 T lifer), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 535,
1882, 293
Curtina (Chrysallida), Gould. Bost. Proc.. viii, 280, 1862, 311
Curva (Enlima), Jeffreys MS. Monts., Jour, de Conch., 269,
1874, 275
Curvata (Eulima), A Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 125,
1861 . . .278
Curvatus (Turbo), Chiereg. MS. = E. incurva, Ren. . . 275
Curvicostata (Turbonilla), S. Wood. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.,
xiv, 151. = T. indistincta, Mont 326
Cuspidata (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . 270
Cuspid ata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 228, t. 3, f. 54, 1873, . 361
Cylindrata (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p.
125, 1883, 278
Cylindrella (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234. 1862, 307
Cylindrica (Mumiola doliolum, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Rous-
sitlon, 168, . . 355
Cylindropsis (Eulimella), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, . 341
Cvthnia, Carpenter. Ann. Mag N. Hist., 3 ser., xiii, 312,
1864, 262, 293
Daedala (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 235, 1862, . . 309
Dealbata (Chemnitzia), Stimp. Bost. Proc., iv,p. 114, 1851, 357
Debilis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
127, 1861 278
Debilis (Odostomia), Monts (notofPse.). tfuova Rivista,
p. 34, 1875. = A.nisoc3"cla macilenta, Monts. . . . 341
Debilis (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Jouru. Conch., iii,p. 292,
t. 24, f. 21, 1867, 363
Debilis (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 420, 1860, . 335
Decorata (Lia), Folin, 1872, . . . ' . . . 318, 339
378 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAOE.
Decorata (Odostomia), Phil. Zeitsch. fiir Malac., p. 29, 1849, 364
Decussata (Odostornia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 322, t. 12,
f. 4, . . 321, 352
Decussata (Pyrgulina), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 5,
1863, 337
Decussata (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
18(-;1, 365
Decussata (Turbonilla), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 438, 1860, . 335
Deformis (Stylifer), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 293,
t. 24, f. 23, 1867, 202
Delicata (Odostomia), Monts. Journ. de Conch., p. 267,
1874; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 359, 1884, . . . 323
Delicatula (Odostomia), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xiv, p. 47, 1864, . . 359
Densecosta (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., ii, p.
137, t. 24, f. 9 326
Densecostata (Odostomia), Garrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., p. 223, t. 3, f. 42, 1873. = 0. interstriata, Souverb. 359
Densestriata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., p. 224, t. 3, f. 44, 1873, 3';0
Dentaliopsis (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 127, 1861, . . . 278
Denticulata (Pyramidella), Sowb. Reeve, Icon., sp. 39,
1865, . 306
Dentiens (Eulima), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 152, 1871, . 277
Deshayesiana (Rissoa), Recluz. Rev. Zool., 105, 1843.
= Odost. excavata, Phil. . . .... 355
Deshayesii (Scalenostoma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., vi, p. 128, 1870, .... . 287
Devians (Eulima incurva, var.). Monts. Nuova Riv., p. 35, 275
Diadema (Miralda), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 1860, 321, 365
Diaphana (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist., 2d
ser , ii, p. 341, . . 350
Dilucida (Odostomia), Monts. En. e Sin., p. 32 ; Nat. Sicil.,
202, 1885, . 351
Dbculus (Turbonilla), Yclain. Comptes Rend us, Juillet,
1876, . . 336
Disparilis (Odostomia), Yerrill. Proc. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
196, 1884 358
Dissimilis (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p.
128, 1883, 278
Dissimilis (Menestho), Tiberi. Journ. de Conch., p. 62, 1868.
= M. bulinea, Lowe, . . . . . . . .345
Distorta (Leiostraca), Pease. Zool. Proc. p. 438, 1860, .282
Distorta (Melania), Phil, (not Defr.). Enum. Moll. Sicil.,
i, p. 158, t. 9, f. 10, 1836. = Eulima incurva, Renieri. . 274
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 379
PAGE.
Dolabratus (Trochus), Linn. Grael., Syst. Nat., p. 3585,
No. 113. = Pyramidella, Lam. ... .295,300
Doliaris (Odostomia), Phil. Zeitsch. fiir Malac.,p. 29, 1849, 365
Doliella, Monts., 1880, 321,365
Dolioliforinis (Odostomia), Jeffre3 r s. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.,
2d ser.,ii, 342, 351
Doliolum (Rissoa), Ph. Moll. Sicil., ii, p. 132, t. 23, f. 19,
1844, 321, 355
Donovani (Melania), Forbes. Malac. Monensis, p. 15, 1838.
= Leiostraea subulata, Mont 279
Dubia (Chemnitzia), cVOrb. Cuba, p. 226, t. xvii, f. 4, 6, 1853, 332
Dubia (Eulima), Anton. Verzeich. cler Conch., p. 62, 1839, 278
Dubia (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
' ii, 338. = 0. Rissoides, Hanley, var. .... 348
Dubia (Stylifer),Baird MSS. Brit. Mus. Conch. Icon.,sp. 8, 290
Duncania, Bayle. Jour, de Conch., xxvii, 1879.
= Macrocheilns, Phillips, . ' . . . . 263
Dunkeria, Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 434, 1857, . .318,337
Eburnea (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 127,
1861, 278
Eburnea (Eulima), Meg. v. Miihl. Schrift. Berl. Ntf. Freunde,
p. 216, t. 9, f. 7, 1829, 277
Eburnea (Liostomia), Stimpson. Bost. Proc., iv, 14, 1851, 344
Eburnea (Menestho), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860. = Amathis. 309
Eburneus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 232, 1802, . 303
Eburneus (Sty lifer), Desh. Conch. Reunion, p. 57, t. 7, f. 25,
1863, 290
Effusa (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 422, 1857, . .311
Egregia (Mormula), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 2,1863, 312
Elata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3d ser.,vi, 20, 1860, 365
Electa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 394, 1883, . 344
Elesrans (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 223, t. 16, f. 25-27,
1853, . 311
Elegans (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 22, 1860, 321, 365
Elegans (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi Mar. Sicil., 12,
f. 6, 1869, 350
Elegans (Syrnola), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p 808,
t. 171, f. 19, 1855, 306
Elegans (Turbonilla), Verrill. Amer. Journ. Sci., iii, p. 210,
t. 6, f. 4, 1872, . .328
Eleo-antissima (Eulima), Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 65, t. 6,
f. 5, 1867, 279
Elegantissima (Eulima), Risso (non Mont.). Europ. Merid.,
p. 123. = E. polita, Linn 274
380 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Elegantissima (Eulima), Macg. Moll. Aberd., 141.
= Tnrbonilla lactea, Linn. ...... 322
Elegantnla (ChrysMlida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
478, 1860, 365
Ellipsoidea (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . 365
Elodia, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870, .. . .321, 355
Elodia (Eulima), Folin. Les Meleagrin , p. 66, t. 6, f. 6, 1867.
? = E. micans, Carp . . 272, 355
Elongata (Chemnitzia Humboldti, var.), Rcquien. Coq.
Corse. = E. bulinea, Lowe, ...... 345
Elongata (Eulima curva, var), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. du
Roussillon, p. 192, t. 21, f. 15 275
Elongata (Menestho) Phil. Bronn's Jahrb., 292, 1837.
= Menestho bulinea, Lowe, ...... 345
Elongata (Mumiola doliolum, var.), Monts. II. Nat. Sci.,
p. 84, 18S5, . . . . . . . . .355
Elongata (Rissoa), Phil. Moll Sic., t. 10, f. 16.
= Odostomia plicata, Mont. ...... 346
Elongata (Turbonilla), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p.
293, t. 24, f. 22, 1867 312
Elusa, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, . . . 296, 310
Emaciata (Odostomia), Brusina. Contrib. Moll. Dalm., 69,
1865, 352
Emertoni (Turbonilla), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p.
536, t. 58, f. 14, 14 a, 1882, 328
Engonia (Odostumia), Bush. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
466, 1885, . . ... 343
Entoconcha, Miiller. Ueber Synopta digitata und ueber die
Erzeugung von Schnecken in Holothurien, 1852, . . 263
Ephamilla (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p.
116, 1883, .271
Eqnalis (Turritella), Say. Proc. Phila. Acad., v, p. 208,
1826. = Turbonilla, Verrill, . . . . ' . .329
Erjaveciana (Odostomia), Brus. Journ. de Conch., p. 241,
1869, . ...... 321, 351, 322
Erucella (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 3,
1861, 311
Erythrgea (Odostomia), Ph. Zeitsch. fiir Malac., p. 28, 1849, 365
Erythrosclera (Chemnitzia), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p.
160, 1875, . . .311
Euchrysalis, Laube, 1866, . 263
Eulima, Risso. Hist. Nat. de 1'Europe Merid., iv, p. 123,
1826, 258, 266
Eulimella, Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., xiv, 412, 1846, . 319, 339
Eulimoides (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xx, 17, 1847. = 0. conoidea, Brocchi.
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 381
PAGE.
Eulimoicles (Odostomia), Hanley. Zool. Proc., p. 18, 1844, 346
Eulimopsis, Brugnone, 1880, . .260
Eurychada (Eulima), Watson. Jour. Linn.'Soc., xvii, p.
129, 1883, 278
Evalea,A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. llist.,vi, 22, 41 7, 18HO, 321, 359
Exarata (Menestho , A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
303, 1861, . 345
Exarata (Oscilla), Carp. Mazat Cat., 415, 1857, . . 310
Exarata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 415, 1857.
= Cinirula (Parthenia) terebellum, C. B. Ad., . . . 359
Exarata (Stylifera), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 122, 1855, . . 291
Excavata (Odostomia), Ph. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, p. 154,
t. 10, f. 6, 355
Exigua (Jaminea), Couth. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., ii, 92,
1838. = Odostomia hisuturalis. Say, .... 357
Exigna . (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc.,vii, p. 87, 1864, 283
Exio-ua (Odostomia elegans, var.), Monts. Nuova Rivista,
p. 31, . . . 351
Exigua (Odostomia rufa, var.), Monts. En. e Sin., p. 34,
1878. = Chemnitzia densecostata, Ph 326
Exilis (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74. 1852, . . 332
Exilis (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 242, 1862.
= E. pusilla, Sowb . . .268
Exilis (Eulima incurva, var ). Monts. Enum. e Sinon., p. 35, ii75
Exilis (Mucronaiia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,ix,
p. 295, 1862, . . ... 285
Exilis (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.
223, t. 3,f. 43, 1873, . . 360
Exilis (Odostomia Rissoides, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch.,
iv, 123, 348
Exilis (Pyramidella nitidula, var.), Jeffr. Zool. Proc., p.
363, 1884, . .304
Exilissima (Odostomia), Brus. Contr. Moll. Dalmatia, p.
35,1866. = 0. obliqna, Alder, . . . .350,351
Eximia (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
new ser., iv, p. 299, . .352
Eximia (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, . 336
Eximium (Monoptygma), Lischke. Mai. Blatt.,xix, p. 103,
1872 ; Jap. Meeres Conch., iii, 59, t. 3, f. 4-6, . . .314
Fallax (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii, p. 123,
1883 .278
Fallax (Odostomia), Monts. Nuova Rivista, p. 31, . . 349
Fallax (Parthenia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, 1879, . 365
Farnelica (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 121,
1883, 278
INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Fasciata (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Amcr. Merid, p. 496, t. 76,
f. 4-6, . . 331
Fasciata (Chrysallida), Cnrp. Mazat. Cat. 423, 1857, . .311
Fasciata (Dunkeria), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tasmania, 7-14, 1875, ... ... 338
Fasciata (Eulima), Renieri. Tavol. Alfub., p. 4, 1804.
= E. subulata, Donovan, . . . . . . .279
Fasciata (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc.,xvii,p. 113,
1883, 278
Fasciata (Odostomia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt. vi, p. 234, 1860, . 304
Fasciata (Syrnola solidula, var.), Jick. Jahrb. liir Malac.,
ix, p. 367', 1882, 309
Fastigiata (Stylifer), A. Ad. MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon. f. 16, 2 ( .)2
Fastigium (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch, ii, p.
809, t. 171, f. 8, 1855, 300
Fenestrata (Chemnitzia), Forbes and Jeffreys. Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 345, 1848, . 317, 325
Fenestrata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. "Nat. llist.,
vi, 415, 18C>0, 365
Festiva (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 35, 1877, . 334
Festiva (Turbonilla), Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 49, t. 5,
f. 4-6, 1867, ... 333
Filocincta (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p.
2, 1863, 311
Flavescens (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 432, 1857, . 333
Flavocincta (Cliemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74, 1852, . 321
Flavocincta (Eulima), Meg. v. Miihl. Verhand. Berl. Gesell.,
i, p. 216, t. 2, f. 6 a, b, 1824. = E. subulata, Donov. . 279
Flexa (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 126,
1801, 278
Flexicosta (Odostomia Jffreysi, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Mar.
Rouss., Fasc. 4, p. 170, t. 20, f. 10, . . . . 354
Flexuosa (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool Proc., p. 277, 1851, . 267
Flexuosa (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Rep. Brit. Assoc., p. 112,
1873, 327
Floridanus (Obeliscus), Morch. Mai. B!att.,xxii,p. 158,1875, 304
Folini (Eulimella), Fisch. Berchon's Fonds de la Mer, i,
p. 149, t. 22, f. 8, .... . . 341
Formosa f Chemnitzia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ii, p. 347, 1848, 323, 325
Formosa (Turbonilla), Yerrill and Smith. Amer. Journ.
Sci., xx, p. 392, 1880. = T. Bnshiana, Yerrill.
Foveolata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1860, 365
Fragilis (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1800, . 336
Fulgidula (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proc., p. 359, 1884, . 323
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 383
PAGE.
Fulva (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 313
Fulva (Pyramidella), Sowb. Reeve's Conch. Icon.,sp. 42,
1865. = Syrnola brunnea, A. Ad. . . . . . 30G
Fulvesceus (Eulima), A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 40,
I860, 285
Fulvo-cincta { Leio^traca), C. B. Ad. Shells of Jamaica, . 280
Fulvo-cincta (Turriteila), Thompson. Ann. Mag., v, 98, . 326
Fusca (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 181, 1853, . . 33 1
Fusca (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Bost. Jour. X. Hist., ii,282, 356
Fnsco-apicata (EulimH), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 369, 1884, 276
Fusco-strigata (Eulima), Carp. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xiv, p. 47, 1864, 273
Fusispira, Hall. 24th N. Y. Report, 229, 1872, . . . 2 5
Fusulus (Odostomia), Mons. Jour, de Conch., 306, 1878, . 352
Gabbiana (Chemnitzia), Cooper. = C. torquata, var. stylina, 333
Galbula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 3,
1863, . . 311
Galvagni (Rissoa), Aradas. = Odostomia Warrenii, Thomp. 350
Garrettii (Pyramidella), Tryon, 302
Gemma (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 302,
1861, 311
Gemma (Miralda). A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, 365
Gemmulosa (Dunkeiia), C. B. Ad. Morch, Mai. Bliitt., xxii,
168 338
Gentilomiana (Eulima), Iseel. Mar. Rosso, 183, 1869, .277
Gervillfi (Melania), Collard des Cherres. Catal. Finistiere,
p. 42, 1830. = p]ulima polita, Linn 274
Gibba (Apicalia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., ix, 295,
1862, 283
Gibba (Eulima), Folin. Les Meleagrin., p. 64, t. 6,f. 4, 1867, 272
Gibbosa (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 430, 1857, . . 333
Gibbosula (Eulima), A Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii,
p. 239,1861, 278
Gibbum (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, 313
Giraudi (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika,
20, 1885,' . 316
Glaber (Eulima), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 117, 1779.
= E, subulata, Donovan, ....... 279
Glabra (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 367, 1884, . . 277
Glaberrima (Eulima), Risso. Europ. Merid , p. 124, 1826.
= E. polita, Linn 274
Glabrata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . 286
Glabrata (Odostomia), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., iii,
283. = O. Rissoides, Hanley, var. . " . . . .347
Glans (Pyramidella), Rve. Zool. Proc., p. 198, 1842, . . 305
384 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Globosus (Stylifer), Johnston. Proc. Berw. Club, 1,275,
1841. = S. Turtoni, Brod 290
Gomphus (Eulima), Watson. Juurn. Linn Soc., xvii, p. 125,
1883 ' .'278
Goniochila (Stylif'erina), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.,
3 ser., vi, 335, 1860, . 280
Goniostonia (Niso), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p. 801,
1855, 288
Goniostonia (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d
ser., vi, 416, 1860, . . . . t . . . . 365
Gouldi (Odostomia), Carp. 2d Brit. Assoc. Kept., 144,
1864. = 0. satura, var 358
Gracilenta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p.
89, 1864, 283
Gracilenta (Odostomia interstincta, var.), Monts. Conch.
Mcdit., 12.
Gracilior (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat ,167, 1852, 334
Gracilis (Chemnitzia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 137, 1844.
= Odostomia delicata, Monterosato, .... 323
Gracilis (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 110, 1850, . 277
Gracilis (Eulima), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. Hist, 2 ser., ii, 330,
1848. = Eulimella acicula, Sc. var. .... 340
Gracilis (Eulima incurva, var.), Forbes and Hanley. B. M.,
iii, p. 233, t. 92, f. 6, . 275
Gracilis (Mucronalia), Pse. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, p. "295,
t. 24, f. 27, 1867, 284
Gracilis (Odostomia), Pse. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 292,
t. 24, f. 20, 1867, ' 363
Gracilis (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 128, t, 23, f. 13,
1844. = 0. interstincta, var. ...... 353
Gracilis (Tarthenia), Angas. Zool. Proc.,p 862, t. 54, f. 9,
1878. = O. Yincentina, Tryon, ..... 362
Gracilis (Pyramidella), A. Ad. 310
Gracilis (Pyramidella), Brocc. Adams, in Thes. Conch.
Obeliscus, p. 807. = ? P. turrita, A. Ad. . . .302
Gracilis (Turritella), Desh. Exp. Moree, 147.
= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. 322
Gracillima (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 431, 1857, . 333
Gracilliina (Eulima), Sowb. Rve., Conch. Icon., sp. 32,
1865 . . .272
Gracillima (Obeliscus), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., p. 734,
1871. = S. Smithii, Tryon, 308
Gracillima (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., v, p. 405, 1860, . . 296, 307
Gracillima (Turbonilla), Gabb. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 186,
1866. = C. torquata, Gld., var. stylina, .... 3:}3
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 385
PAGE.
Gradata (Turbonilla), Monts. Enum. Syn. 33, 1878, Bucq.
Dautz. Dollf. Moll. Rouss., 180, 1883, . . . .323
Gracluata (Oceanida), Folin, 1870, .... 319, 343
Granata (Odostomia), Folin, ...... 351
Granatina (Odostomia impressa, var.), Dall. Proc. Nat.
Mus., vi, 831, 1884, 356
Grand idieria (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tan-
ganika, 18, 1885, . 316
Grandis (Chemnitzia), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, p.
52, t. 11, f. 17, . . . , 312
Grandis (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . . 266
Grandis (Turbonilla), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
427, 1885, 329
Granulata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, .313
Gravida (Odostornia), Gould. Bost. Proc., vi, 376, 1852, . 358
Grayi (Auriculina), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., v, 407, 1860 ;
vii, 43, 1861 305
Guentheri (Apicalia), Anoras. Zool. Proc., p. 35, 1877, 283, 284
Guildingii (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, . 278
Guttata (Plotia), Link. Mus. Bost.
= Pyramidella acus, Linn. ...... 301
Haliella, Monterosato. Ennm. e Sinon, 35, 1878, . 259, 282
Halloysia, Briart and Cornet, 1878, 298
Hamyana (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanjanika,
17, 1885, . 316
Harve3 r i (Rissoa), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 1 ser.,
v, 97, 1840. = Odost. excavate, Phil 355
Hastata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . . 271, 273
Hastata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85, 1864, 282
Hastatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
811, t. 171, f. 24, 1855. ' = P. conica, C. B. Ad, . . 302
Hebes (Eulirna), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 127,
1883, . "... 278
Hemphillii (Eulima), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p.
330, 1883, 282
Hians (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 115,
1883. ? = E. piriformis, Brugn 276
Hofmani (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., 183, 1877, . 334
Holdsworthi (Apicalia', A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 585, 1874, 283
Holopella Sandberger (in part ). = Loxonema, Phillips, . 264
Hoplopteron, Fischer. Journ. de Conch., xxiv, p. 232,
1876, 261, 289
Hortensipe (Odostomia), Nan sou ty, . . . .321, 355
Humboldti (Menestlio), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv,
'394, 1826, 345
25
386 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Hnmilis (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 90,
1864, 283
Hyalina (Eulima), Watson. Jonrn. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 126,
'1883, 278
Hyalina (Enlimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vii, 47, 1861, . 341
H'yalina (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.,3 ser., vi, 20, 1860, 365
Hyalina (Pyramidella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, vi, p. 233, 1860, 309
Hyalina ( Pyramidella), Garrett. Proc. Phila. Acad., p. 228,
t. 3, f. 56, 1873, 303
Imbricata (Niso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., i, 1834, . . .289
Impressa (Odostomia), Say. Jour. Phila. Acad., ii, 244,
1822 356
Incerta (Eulima), Anton. Yerzeich. der Conch., p. 62, 1839, 278
Inccrta (Eulima), d'Orb. Cuba, i, p. 218, 1853, . . .278
Inconspicua (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 301 ,
1861, 311
Incurva (Eulima), Renieri. Tavol. Alfab., p. 4, 1804, . 274
Indeflexa (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 1-28, 1861 278
Indentata (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat , 425, 1857, . 311
ludistincta (Chemnitzia). Mont. Test. Br. Supp., p. 129, . 326
Indistineta (Turritella), Flem. Brit. Anim., p. 304.
= Chemnitzia rufeseens, Forbes. . . . . 325
Inflata (O lostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 1865, . 358
Inflexa (Eulima), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 294,
18H7. = K. solida, Sowb 268
Inflexa (Eulima polita, var.), Monts. Enum. e Sinon, 35,
1878, 274
Inflexa (Phasianella), Blainv. Man. Mai., t. 35, f. 5, 1825.
? = Eulima mnjor, Sowb.
Inf'undibulata (Eulimella), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, . 341
Innovata (Turbonilla), Monts. Nomenc. Conch. Medit., 92,
1884, . . . . . .... 323
Inquinata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 90,
1864, 283
Insculpta (Odostomia), DeKay. Moll. N. Y., 115.
= O. impressa, Say, 356
Insculpta (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl., p. 129, . 347
Intermedia (Dunkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 435, 1857, . 338
Intermedia (Eulima), Cantraine. Diagn. Moll. Bull. Ac.
Brux., p. 14, 1835, . 274
Intermedia (Odostomia), Brns. Journ. de Conch., p. 237,
1869. = Miralda camiliculata, Phil 356
Intermixta (Odostomia), Monts. Nomencl. Conch. Medit.,
87, 1884, 354
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 387
PAGE.
Internodula (Odostomia), not of S. Wood. Monts., Jour.
de Conch., 39, 1877. = Turbonilla rosea, Monts. . . 326
Interrupta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 89,
1864, 283
Interrupta (Xiso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . . 288
Interrupta (Turritella), Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., 1st ser .,
xxviii, f. 7, 326, 329
Interstincta (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 324, t. 12,
f. 10, 353
Interstriata (Odostomia), Souv. Journ. de Conch., xiv,
p. 255, 1866, 359
Intus-lirata (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman. . 337
lopsis, Gabb. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., xv, 227, 1873, . 260
Iota (Chemnitzia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406, 1861, . 335
Iota (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Shells of Jamaica, . . .274
Isselli (Turbonilla), Tryon 339
Janella, Grat. (not Gray). Conch. Foss. Adour., 14, 1838.
= Niso, Risso 261
Jamaicensis (Eulima), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., p. 6, 1845, . 273
Japonica (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . 286
Japonica (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 21, 1860, .365
Jeffreysiana (Leiostraca), Brusina. Jour, de Conch., p.
245*, 1869, .... 283
Jeffreysiana (Turbonilla), Seguenza. Monts., Notiz. Conch.
Med., 41, 1872; Nuova Rivista, 32, . . . .318,325
Jeffrey si (Eulima), Tryon, . 276
Jeffreys! (Odostomia), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. Rouss. Fasc.,
4, p. 170, t. 20, f. 10, 1883. = O. intermixta, Monts. . 354
Jucunda (Pyramidella), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 173, 1877, 303
Juliae (Truncatella), Folin. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 354, 1884.
= Odostomia indistincta, Mont.* 326
Kieneri (P3 T ramidella), Issel. Mai. del Mar. Rosso., p. 174,
1869. ? = P. turrita, A. Ad 302
Krebsii (Chemnitzia), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. 159,1875, 311
Kreffti (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112, 1867.
= 0. pupiformis, Souverb. ...... 362
Kuzmici (Turbonilla), Brusina, MS.
= Odostomia Humboldti, Risso.
Labiata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 129,1861, 282
Labiosa (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834.
= E. brevis, Sowb 267
388 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Lactea (Chemnitzia), Krauss. Sudafrik. Moll., p. 88, t. 5, f.
23, 1848, , . . .337
Lactea (Eulima), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 799,
1855, 267
Lactea (Mucronalia), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc.,vii,p. 91, 1864, 285
Lactea (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112, 1867.
= 0. Angasi, Tryon, 362
Lactea (Odostomia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 234, 1860, . 364
Lactea (Odostomia), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1238, . . 322, 323
Lactea (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234, 1862, . . 309
Lactea (Tornatella), Midland. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., iii,
271,1829. = Menestho Humboldtii, Risso, . . .345
Lacnnata (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 414, 1857, . . 359
Lacnstris (Syrnolopsis), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 4, f. 6,
1881. = S. Grandidiera, Bourg.
Lacustris (Syrnolopsis), Smith. Zool. Proc.. 288, 1881 , 298, 315
Lsevigata (Odostomia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 227, t. 17, f. 7-9, . 357
Lsevis (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112, 18;i7, . 362
Lseviuscula (Pyramidella), Jeffreys (not S. Wood). Ann.
and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 15, 1870. == P. nitidula, A. Ad., 304
Lambertia, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch.. 420, 1869, . 260, 286
Lamberti (Subeulima), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., p. 296,
1875, . . 287
Lamellata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 411, 1857, . 359
Laminata (Dunkeria), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
xv, 182, 1865, . 338
Lanceata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 128,1861, 282
Lancea, Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 293, 1867, . . 297
Larvula (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, 313
Latelirata (Dunkeria), Folin. Moll. Andaman, 1879, . . 338
Latior (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 72, 1852.
= C. ornata, d'Orb 330
Latipes (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 120,
1883, 278
Lauta (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 313
Leachii (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
128, 1861 282
Legrandi (Eulima), Beddome. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, p. 168,
1882, 278
Leiostraca, H. and A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., xv, 1856, 259
Lendix (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236, 1862, . 313
Lentiginosa (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
viii, p. 240, 1861, ... . .282
Lepida (Leiostraca), A, Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85,
1864, 282
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 389
PAGE.
Lesbia (Leiostraca), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 16, 1871, . 281
Levis (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 70, 1852; Morch,
Mai. Blatt., xxii, 161. ? = C. pulchella, d'Orb., var. . 330
Lia, de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1872, . . . .318
Ligatus (Oscilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 173,1877, . . 310
Limitura (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 267, 1871,
? = T. crraclata, Monts 323
Lineata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, . . .279
Liostomia,0. Sars. Moll. Keg. A ret. Norveg., 205, 1878, 319, 344
Livata (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, 1853, . 337
Lirata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
418, 1860, 310
Lirata (Odostoma), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, f. 404, 1861, . 365
Lissa (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 195,
t. 32, f. 6, 1884, ... 343
Littoralis (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
3d ser., vii, 42, 1861, . .365
Lodderae (Stylifcr), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, 1884, . 293
Lonchaeus, Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. 158, 1875, . 295, 301
Lordii (Chemnitzia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., vi, p. 288, 1880, 333
Loxonema, Phillips. Palaeoz. Fossils, 98, 1841, . . . 2fi4
Lucida (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 192,
t. 32, f. 3, 3 a, 1884, . . .... 342
Lucida (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, p.
125, 1870, 309
Lukisi (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d
ser., iii, p. 112, t. 2, f. 10, . . . 348
Lutea (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.
226, t. 3, f. 50, 1873, 361
Macandrese (Turbonilla), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 793, 1870, 324
Macandraea (Mormnla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 4th ser.,
vi. p. 127, . . 312
Macilenta (Anisocycla), Monts. Journ. de Conch., p. 318,
1878, . . 341
Macilenta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, 336
Macleayana (Turbonilla), Ten ison- Woods. .... 334
Macrochilina, Bay le, 1879. = Macrochilus, Phillips, . 263
Maculosa (Pyramidella), Lam. Enc. Meth., t. 452, f. 1, ab.
= P. acus, Gmel 301
Macrocheilus, Phillips. Palaeoz. Fossils. 103, 1841, . . 263
Magnifica (Odostomia), Seguenza. Formazione tertiare
nella Provincia di Reggio, p. 264, t. 16, f. 25, 1879, . . 322
Magnifica (Pyramidella), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, p.
53, t. 10, f. 1, 1850. = P. mitralis, A. Ad. . . . 305
390 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Major (Dunkeria), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 167, 1852, . . 338
Major (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . . .266
Mamillata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 41.2, 1857, . 359
Manzoniana (Eulima), Issel. Mar Rosso., p. 184, t. 2, f. 6,
1869, 281
Marginata (Chrysallida), C. B. Ad. Panama Sh., No. 226,
1852, .... 311
Marginata (Eulima), Tenison-Wood. Roy. Soc., Tasmania,
p. 41,1878, ..,.-. . 278
Marginata (Odostoma), Cailliaud. Cat. ties Moll., p. 172, t.
4, f. 1-4, 1865. = O. Trifida, Totten 356
Marias (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
viii,p. 240, 1861, . ... .281
Mariella (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3
ser., vi, 415, 1860, 3C5
Marise (Turbonilla), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Hoy. Soc.,
Tasmania, p, 144, 1875. = T. nitida, Angas. ' . . 334
Marmorata (Niso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . .288
Martini! (Eulima), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch, ii, p. 795,
1855, '. . 266
McAndraBi (Eulima), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist, xiv, 412.
= Eulirnella Scillse, Scacchi. ... . 339
Mediterranea (Pyramidella), Monts. Enum. e Sinon.. p. 31.
= P. nitidula, A. Ad 304
Megacheilos (Noemia), Folin. Moll. Andaman. . . . 365
Megastomia, Monts. Conch. Medit., 94, 1884, . . 320, 349
Menestho (Mdller), Ind. Moll. Grcenl., 10, 1842, . 320, 344
Mera (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, p.
334,1860, 309
Messanensis (Odostomia), Grana f a. Descrip. etc., Naples,
p. 13, 1877. = O. exilussima, Brus. . . 351
Metcalfei (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p.
802, 1855, . .280
Metal* (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 478, 1860, 311
Metula(Monopt3'gma),A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 295. 1861, 315
Metula (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 224, 1851, . 310
Metulina (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85,
1864, . . 283
Metulina (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 421, 1860, . 335
Micans (Eulima),. Carp. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 33, 1865, 272
Micans (Eulima), Tenison-Wood. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, p.
144, 1875. = E. Tenisoni, Tryon 269
Micans (Odostomia), Monts. Nuova Rivista, p. 33, 1875, . 323
Michaelis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., ii, p. 24,
f. 33, 1876, .... 347
Michelia, Romer. = Loxonema, Phillips, .... 264
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 391
PAGB.
Microbeliscns, Sandberger, 1874, 319
Mierocheilos (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Tsles Andaman, . 337
Microschiza, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat. Palermo, xiii,
135, 1878, . 265
Microstoma (Eulima), Brasilia. Jour, de Conch., p. 243,
1869, . . 278
Mindoroensis (Leiostraca), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang, p.
52, t. ll,f. 25, . . . . . . .285
Minima (Odostomia ventricosa, var.), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mai.
Ital., vi. p. 73, 1880, .... ... 340
Minima (Turbonillacorpulenta,var.), Folin. Moll. Andaman,
1879 .337
Minna (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
478, 1860, ... 365
Minor (Eulima polita, var.), Monts. Enum. e Sinon., 1878.
= E. brevis, Requien, 274
Minuscula (Pyramidella), Monts. Nat. Conch. Medit.,
p. 40. == P. nitidula, A. Ad .304
Minuta (Eulimn), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, . 276
Minuta (Pyramidella), Ph. Zcitsch. fiir Maine., p. 32, 1849, 304
Minuta (Syrnola), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 274, t. 19, f. 10,
1869, 308
Minuta (Syrnolopsis), Bourg. Notice Prodr. Tanganika, 21,
1885, ....... ... 316
Mitchell ia, de Koninck. Rech. Foss. Pal. Nouv. Galles de
Sud, 1377 263
Mittrei (Sty lifer), Petit. Journ. de Conch., ii, p. 27, t. 2, f.
8, 9, 1851, 290
Mirabilis (Entoconcha), Miiller. Tiber Synapta digitata, etc.,
1852, 263
Miralda, A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 3, 1863, . 321, 355
Miranda (Chr3'sallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 301,
1861 365
Miranda (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85,
1864, 282
Mirifica (Eulima), G. and H. Nevill. Journ. Asiatic. Soc.
Bengal, p. 2B, 1874, .283
Mitralis (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 177, 1853, . 305
Modesta (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 222, t. 16, f. 22-24,
1853, 330
Modesta (O.lostomia), Stimpson. Proc. Bost. Soc., iv, 16, 357
Modica (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Reeve's Conch. Icon., sp.
41, 1865, 307
Modica (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi,
420, 1860, 336
Modicella (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . 270
392 t INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Modiola (Odostornia), Monts. II Nat. Sicil., p. 203, 1885, 351
Monilis (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 806,
t. 171, f. 12, 1855, 301
Monocycla (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1800.
= T. pagodnla, A. Ad 336
Monodon (Eulima), Requien. Moll. Corse.
= 0. conoidea, Brocchi, ....... 350
Monoptj^gma, Gray. Sowerby, Manual, 66, 1839.
= Actseopyramis, Fischer, ...... 207
Monozona (Odostomia), Brus. Jour, de Conch., p. 240, 1809, 354
Monterosati (Odostomia), B. D. D. Moll. Mar. Roussilon,
167; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 346, 1884.
= 0. unidentata, Mont. ....... 348
Montrouzieri (Leiostraca), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., p.
365, 1872, 283
Montrouzieri (Lambertia), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch.,
420,1869; 73, 1870, 286
Mormula, A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 1, 1863, . 297, 312
Moulinsinna (Odostomia), Fiscli. Jour, de Conch., xii, p.
70,1864. = O. interstincta, var 353
Muciformis (Odostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xv,
1865, .... 358
Mucronalia, A. Ad. Ann. arid Mag. Nat. Hist., v, p. 301,
1860 200, 284
Mucronata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icor.,sp. 42, 1866, 284
Miilleri (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 27, 324
Multicostata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74, 1852, . 332
Multigyrata (Turbonilla), Dkr. Index Moll. Maria Japon.,
p. 79, t. 13, f. 18, 19, 20, .... . 335
Mumia (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
45, 1861, 311
Mumiola, A. Ad. Jour. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 5, 1863, . 297, 315
Munda (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
45, 1861, . 311
Munda (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 420, 1860, . 336
Mundula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
302, 1861, . 311
Mundula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
125, 1861, .... 272
Murchisoniella, Morch. Mai. Blatt., 184, 1875, . . 318, 339
Muricata (Chemnitzia^ Carp. Mazat. Cat , 428, 1857, . 333
Myosotis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Monts. Nomencl. Conch.
Mcdit., 96, 1884, 352
Nagli (Odostomia), Brus. Conch. Dalm., 20.
= 0. conoidea, Brocchi, ....... 350
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 393
PAGB.
Xana (Chrvsallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mao-. y a t. Hist., 45,
1861, 311
Xana (Eulima). Monts. Xuova Rivista, 75, 1875; Jour.de
Conch., 153, 1878, 278
Xana (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc.. vii, p. 87, 1864, 283
X;uia (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. AJair. X. Hist., 3d ser., vi,
21, I860 " 365
Xana (Odostomia turrita, var.), Jeffr. Zool Proc. ,346, 1884, 348
Xanodea (Odostomia), Monts. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 354,
1884. = 0. indistiiu-ta, Mont, "... .326
Xardoi (Odostomia), Brus. Journ. de Conch., p. 241, 18^9, 355
Xi'iilecta (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. X. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 417, 1860, 365
Xeglecta (Odostomia), Tiberi. Journ. de Conch., p. 67, t.
5, f. 2,1868. = O. elegans, Monts 350
Neozelanica (Turbonilla), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll., Xew
Zeal., p. 22, 1873, 335
Xerinoea, Deirance. Bull. Univ. go., 1825, . . . .298
Nerinella, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Gi-ol. Soc., vi, 101, 1850, . 298
Xevilli (Odostomia), Folin, 365
Xevilli (Plicifer), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 292, 1868, . . 293
Xiso, Risso. Hist. Xat. Kur. Merid., iv, p. 218, 1826, . 261, 287
Xitens (Eulima), Braz. Linn. Soc., X. S. W., i, p. 285, 1876, 278
Xitens (Odostomia), Jeffr. Ann. and Mag. Xat. Hist., p. 79,
I.s70 321, 351
Xitida (Eulima), A. Ad. Sowb. in Reeve, Icon., f. 33, 1866,
= E. nitidula, A. Ad.
Xitida (Eulima, Melania), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 134, 1844.
= E. intermedia, Cantr. . . ... . . .274
Xitida (Eulimella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad.,vi, p. 194,
t. 32, f. 5, 1884 .342
Xitida (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Xat. Hist , p.
129, 1861 282
Xitida (Odostomia). Alder. Ann. Mag. X. Hist., xiii, 326.
= 0. Rissoides, Han ley, var 347
Xitida (Pyramidella), A.* Ad. Zool. Proc.. p. 178, 1853, . 305
Xitida (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 419, 1860, . 336
Xitida (Turbonilla), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 112, 1867.
= T. Hofmani, Angas, . . . ' . . . .334
Xitidissima i Anisocycla), Mtg. Test. Brit., ii, 299, . . 340
Xitidissima (Eulima), Macgillivray. Mont. Test. Brit., t.
12, f. 1. = Truncatella Montagui, Lowe.
Xitidissima (Turbonilla), Issel. Mai. Mar Rosso., p. 177,
t. 1, f. 19, 1869, . . .337
Nitidula (Eulima), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii p. 796,
1855, 271
394 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGB.
Nitidula (Eulima), Pease. Zool. Proc., 437, 1860, . . 284
Nitidula (Pyramidella), A. Ad. (Syrnola). Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist', vi, p. 335, 1860, .... .295,304
Nivea (Cherrmitzia), Stimp. Bost Proc., iv, p. 1 14, 1851, . 328
Nivea (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
129, 1861, 281
Nivea (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d
ser., vi, 416, 1860, 365
Nivea (Styloptigma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., 4th ser., vi,
p. 125, 313
Niveus (Obeliscus), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. 159, 1875,
295, 304
Nixa (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
128, 1861, ... 282
Nodicincta (Pyramidella\ A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii,
p. 813, t. 172, f. 5, 1855, 305
Nodosa (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 417, 1857, . . 315
No3mia, Folin. Fonds de la Mer.
= Pvrgulina, A. Ad.,1870, 321
Notabilis (Rissoa), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat., No. 249, 1852 ;
Cap., Zool. Proc., 1863. = Parthenia 359
Notata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d
ser., ii, 336. = O. pallida, Mont., var 346
Novegradensis (Odostomia), Brus. = 0. pallida, Mont. . 346
Nntans (Eulima), Meg. v. Miihl. Morch, Mai. Bliitt., xxii,
182, 1875, . 277
Obeliscus (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 72, 1852, . 332
Obeliscus (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 226, t. 3, f. 51, 1871, ... ... 360
Obeliscus (Odostomin), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist.,
3d ser., i, p. 46, t. 2, f. 5. = Eulimella acicula, Phil., var. 340
Obeliscus (Humph., 1797), Morch. Yoldi, Cat., 1852.
= Pyramidella, Lam. ....... 295
Obeliscus (Turbonilla), Old, Bost. Proc., vii. p. 406, 1801, 337
Oberon (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
viii, p. 240, 1861, 282
Obesula (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . . 284
Obesula (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 21, 1860, . 265
Obliqua (Odostomia), Alder. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii,
327, 320, 350, 351
Obliqua (Odostomia), Monts. (not Alder). En. e Sinon.,
p. 32. = O. scandens, Brus. . . . . . .351
Obliqua (Turbinella), Loven.
= Odostomia insculpta, Mont. ...... 347
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 395
PAGE.
Obliquata (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil.,ii, p. 137,
t. 24, f. 10, 324
Oblonga (Chrysnllida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 418, 1857, .315
Oblonga (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3d ser., vi, 20,
i860, 305
Obsoleta (Eulimella), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 436, 1857, . .343
Obtusa (Bonellia), Anton. Verzeich. der Conch., p. 62,
1839, 289
Obtusa (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884.
= E. compactilis, Monts. ....... 275
Obtusa (Odostomia), Old. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 405, 1861, . 363
Oceanida, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1*70, . . .319, 343
Odetta, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870.
= Evalea, A. Ad., 1860 321
Odontoidea (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 127, 1801, . .278
Odontostoma, Turton. Conch., 1*29.
= Odostomia, Fleming 3_0
Odontostomia, Jeffreys. Mai. and Conch. Mag ,ii, 34, 1839,
Odostomia, Fleming, ...*... 320
Odostomia, Fleming. Brit. Anim., 97, 310, 1828, . 320, 346
Odostomiella, Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Kouss., 167, 1883,
321, 355
Oleacea (Eulima), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proc., iv,
115, 1851, 273
Ondina, Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870, . . .320,350
Onychina (Eulima), Folin. Fouds de la Mer, p. 22, t. 3,
f. 1, 1867, 282
Oonia,Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat. Palermo, xiii, 135, 1878, 265
Opaca (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 30, 1865, 270
Opaca (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 47, 1861, 341
Opalina (Eulima), Folin. Les Mele x agrin.,p. 67, t. 6,f. 7, 1867, 273
Opalina (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 46, 18K1, 343
Orbignyanus (Stylifer), Hupe. Guerin's Mag., p. 124, 1860, 290
Ore-angusto (Eulima incurva, var.), Monts. Enum. e Sinon.,
p. 35, .... 275
Ore-rotundato (Eulima incurva, var.), Monts. Enum. e
Sinon., p. 35, 275
Orina, A. Ad. Ann. Mas. N. Hist., 4 ser., vi, 126, 1870, 296, 310
Ornata (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 221, t. 16, f. 18-21,
1853, 330
Ornata (Pyramidella). Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 403,1861, 307
Ornata (Turbonilla), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 406, 1861, . 336
Orthochila (Styliferina), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.,
4 ser., vi, 335, 1860, 286
Orthonema, Meek and Worthen. Proc. Philad. Acad., 1861, 264
396 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Orthostelis Aradas, 1841. Sunto di 4 Mem. Mai., 5.
== Turbonilla, Risso 317
Orvza (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliihi., p.
224, t. 3, f. 45, 1873, 360
Oscilla, A. Arl. Zool. Proc., p. 310. 1807, . . . 296, 309
Otopleura, Fiacher. Manuel de Conch., 787, 1885, . 295, 305
Ovalis (Auriculina), A. Ad. Ann. Mug. X. Hist., 3 ser., vii,
42, 1861, 365
Oval a (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat , 417, 1857, . . 315
Ovoidea (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
vi, 416, 1860 365
Ovoidea (Stylif'er , H. and A. Ad. Genera of Recent Moll.,
i, p. 239, t. 25, f. 4, 1858, 290
Ovuloides (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 109, 1850, . 358
Ovulum (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat , 423, 1857, . 311
Oxytata (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc.,xvii,p. 117,
1883, 278
Pachystylus, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat. Econ., Palermo,
xiii, 161, 1878, 299
Pao-odnla (Parthenia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
vi, 415, 1860, 365
Paivensis (Eulima), Watson. Zool. Proc., p. 364, 1873, . 277
Palffioniso, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Sc. Nat., Palermo, xiii, 122,
1878, 261
Pallida (Chemnitzia), Phil. Ennm. Moll. Sidl., ii, p. 136, i,
p. 157, t. 9, f. 8. = Odostomia striatula, Linn. . . 327
Pallida (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 325, t. 21. f. 4, 346
Pallidnla (Eulima subulata, var. \ Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,
365, 1884, 279
Panamensis (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat , 167, 1852, 334
Pandata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., p.
125, 1861, 278
Parthenia, Lowe (in part). Zool. Proc., 39, 1840.
== Pyrgulina, A. Ad. 321
Parthenina, Bncq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Rouss., 168, 1883.
= Pyrgnlina, A. Ad 321
Parva (Eulima), 'Sowb. Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 41, 1866, 272
Pascoei (Odostomia), Antzas. Zool. Proc., p. 112, 1867, . 3(12
Pasithea, Lea. Contrib. Geol., 103, 207, 18 J3.
= Eulima, Risso 259
Paucilirata (Dnnkeria), Carp. Maznt. Cat., 434, 1857, 318, 338
Paucistriata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 361,1884, 324
Paulucciae (Stylifer), Fisch. Journ. de Conch., p. 102, t. 7,
f. 3, 1864, .292
Paumotensis (Pyramidella), Tryon 303
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 397
PAGE.
Panpercula (Chrysallida), Ad. Panama Shells (Cerithium),
No. 203, 1852/Carp. Zool. Proc., 850, 1863, . . .311
Pauxillus (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 129,
1861 281
Peasei (Euliraa), Tryon 281
Pellucene (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 46,
1861 . . .343
Pellucirla (Menestho\ A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860. =Amathis. 309
Penchynati (Odostomia), Bucq., Dautz., Doll. Moll. Rouss.,
J71,'t.-20, f. 11, 1883, 354
Perangusta (Odostomia angusta, var.), Monts. Nuova
Ri vista, p. 34, . . . 341
Perfecta (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Ma?., vi, 418, I860, . 336
Perforatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sovb. Thes. Conch., ii, p.
810, t. 171, f. 9, 1855, . . .... 300
Perlepida (Turbonilla), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
427, 18s5, 329
Perminima (Eulima), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xi, p. 398, t. 16,f. 5, 1883, . . . . ' . . .277
Peroni (Turbonilla), Yelain. Comptes Rendus, Juillet, 1876, 336
Pctitiana (Eulima), Brusina. Journ. de Conch., p. 243,
1869. = E. polita, Linn., var. brevis, Requien. . 274, 275
Petterdi (Eulima), Beddome. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, p. 168,
18.-52 278
Philippiana (Eulimella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 226, 1860, 341
Philippiana (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 239. 1860, 335
Philippii (Eulima), Weink. (not Rayn. and Ponzp. Conch.
des Mittelm., p. 228, 1868. = E. incurva, Renieri, . 275
Photis (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat. 425, 1-57, . . 359
Physoides (Odostomia), Old. Bost. Proc., vii, p.. 405, 1861, 365
Picta (Eulima), Sovvb. Thes. Conch., sp. 45, 1866, . . 267
Picturata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 81,
1864, 283
Pinguicula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist , p.
125, 1861, 278
Pinguicula (Orina), A. Ad. Ann. and Ma?., 4 ser., vi, 126,
1870, . ' . 296, 310
Pinguis (Obeliscus Krebsii, var.), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii,
p. 159,1875 311
Pinformis (Eulima), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., i, p. 7, f. 5,
1873 ' 276
Pistilliformis (Odostomia), Brugnone. Misc. Malac., p. 24,
1876. = 0. clavula, Love'n 344
Pistillum (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 86,
1864, 283
Pistillum (Syrnola), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234, 1862, . 309
398 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
Pistillus (Odostomia), Brugnone. Misc. Malac , p. 9, f. 13,
1873. = 0. clavulus, Loven ..... '. .344
Plantata (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 404, 1861, . 3C5
Plectostylus, Conrad. Jour. Pliilad. Acad.
= Macrocheilus, Phillips, ....... 263
Plica (Rissoa), Cantr. Conch. Medit.
= Odostomia conoidea, Brocchi. ..... 350
Plicata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 478,
1860, . ". . ........ 311
Plicata (Odostomia), Hanley. Brit. Mar. Conch., 35.
= O. conoidea, Brocchi.
Plicata (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 325, t. 21, f. 2, 346
Plicata (Pyramidella), Lam. Enc. Meth., t. 452, f. 3.
= P. auris-cati, Chemn. ....... 305
Plicatula (Turbonilla), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv,
1826. = Odostomia lactea, Linn ...... 322
Plicifer, H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 292, 1868, . . .262,293
Pointeli (Anisocvcla), Folin. Fonda de la Mer, 100, 1867,
t. 11, f. 4, . ......... 3+1
Polita (Eulima), Linn. Syat. Nat. Ed., xii, p. 1241, . . 274
Polita ( Eulimella), Verrill. Am. Journ. Sci., iii, pp. 210,
282, t. 6, f. 5, 1872, ...... . .342
Polita (Odostomia), Bivona. Effem. Sci., 4, 1832, t. 1. f. 7 ;
t. 2, f. 11. = 0. conoidea, Brocchi, . . . . . 350
Polita (Odostomia), Pse. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 291, t.
24, f. 17, ....... . . . 363
Polygyra (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, . 270
Polyphemopsis, Portlock. Geol. Londond., 446, 1843.
= Macrocheilus, Phillips, ...... 263, 265
Polyspirella, Cpr. Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 407, 1861, . 321
Polyzonata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 170, 1856, . 335
Porcellana (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, . 268
Potamoides (Turritella), Cantr. Mai. Med., t. 6, p. 25.
= Odostomia striatula, Linn. ...... 327
Prselonga (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool Proc., p. 340, 1884, 341
Prattii (Pyramidella), Bernard!. Journ. de Conch., p. 386,
t. 13, f. 1, 1859, ? = P. sulcata A. Ad ..... 301
Proca (Eulima), Folin. Les. Meleagrinicoles, p. 62, t. 6, f.
3, 1867, ...... . .273
Producta (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 3d Ser.,
vi, 416, 1860. = Amathis, ...... 309
Producta (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Bost. Jour. N. Hist, iii,
t. 3, f. 8, .......... 356
Prolongata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 429, 1857, . 333
Propinqua (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 177, 1853.
= P. mitralis, A. Ad ..... . . .305
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 399
PAGE.
Proxima (Eulima), Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 48,
1846, .... . . .269
Pruinosa f Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist. 3d Ser.,
vi, 417, 1860, . .365
Pseudoinelania Pictet and Campiche. Stol. Sitzb. Wien
Akad., Hi, 1862, 265
Psila (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p 112,
1883, 278
Ptygnmtis, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., vi, 101, 1850, . 298
Pulchella (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 220 t. 16, f. 14-17,
1853, ... 330
Pulchella (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
478, 1860, 302, 1861, 365
Pulchella (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch , iii, p.
808, t. 171, f 20, 1855 301
Pulchra (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 225, t. 3, f. 48, 1873, 360
Purnila (Chrysallida), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 219, 1866, . 311
Pumila (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 87,
1864, 283
Punc-ta (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 72, 1852. . . 331
PimctHta (Pyramidella), Chemn. Conch, t. 4, f. 1493, 1494.
= Peacus, Gmel 295, 301
Puncticulata (Monoptygma), Gould. Bost. Proc , 406, 1861, 315
Pimcticulata (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proc., vii, p. 405,
1861, .365
Punctigera (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.,
296, 1861, . .-. . . . . . . . .315
Punctigera (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
3 ser. vi, 415, 1860, 365
Puncturata (Monoptygma), E. A. Smith. Zooi. Proc., p.
734, 1871, ..'.... ... 314
Punicea (Turbonilla viridaria, Var.), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. vi, p. 332, 1883,. . . .329
Pupa (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 Ser. vi,
21,1860, . 365
Pupaeformis (Odostomia), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch.,
xiii, p. 152, 1865 ; xxiii, 291, 1875, . .362
Pupi forme (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist, v, p. 411, 1860, .... .313
Pupiformis (Odostomia satura, var.), Carpenter. Ann. Mag.
N. Hist., xv, 1865, .... .358
Pupina (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vi, p. 334, 1860, 307
Pupoidea (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 224, t. 16, f. 32-36,
1853, 332
400 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Pupula (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ,44,
1861, 311
Ptira (Anisocyclanitidissima, var.), Monts. Jour, de Conch.,
268,1874. = A. Pointeli, Polin, ... . . .341
Pura (Chr3 r sallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 40,
1861, 365
Pura (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 129,
1861 281
Pura (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch. , H, p. 820,
t, 172, f. 33, 1855, 314
Pusilla (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contrib., p. 74, 1852, . 3:U)
Pusilla (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 7, 1834, . . .268
Pusilla (Leiostraea), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 86,
1864, .283
Pusilla (Odostomia), L. Pfr. Archiv fiir Natur., i, 1840, . 358
Pusilla (Odostomia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil , ii, p. 224, t.
28, f. 21, 1844; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 358, 1884, . . 323
Pusilla (Turbonilla), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 167 (not
Phil.). = T. innovata, Monts.
Pusillus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 809,
t. 171,f. 7, 1855, 300
Pusio (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 45, 1861.
= Parthenia, 3H5
Pusio (Leiostraea), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 86, 1864, 283
Pygmsea (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
44, 1861 365
Pygmaea (Leiostraea), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 86,
1864, . . 283
Pygmaea (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
vi, 21, 1860, 365
Pygmaea (Turbonilla), Brus. Conch. Dalmat., 22, 1864.
= Odostomia emaciata, Brus. ...... 353
Pyramidalis (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 277, 1851, . 270
Pyramidalis (Leiostraea), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp.
13, 1866 2<2
Pyramidalis (Stylifer), live. Elements of Conch., i, p. 129,
t. 12, f. 56, 291
Pyramidalis (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
\i, p. 334,1860, ... ..'... 310
Pyramidella, H. and A. Adams, etc. (not Lamarck).
= Otopleura, Fischer.
Pyramidella, Lam., Prodr., 1799, 295, 299
Pyramis, Couthouy. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.,ii, 101, 1839.
== Menestho, Moller 320
Pyramis (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
"vi, 22, I860, . ' . . . . ' . . . .365
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 401
PAGB.
Pyrgisculus, Monts. II Nat. Sicil., p. 82, 1885.
= Tnrbonilla, 318, 325
Pyririscus, Ph., 1840. Weisfm., Arcliiv., i, 50.
= Turbonilla, Risao, 1826, ...... 317
Pyrgolidium, Monts. Conch. Medit., 89, 1884, . . 318, 326
Pyrjrostelis Monts. II Nat. Sicil., p. 82, 1885, . . 318, 326
Pyrgostylus, Monts. II Nat. Sicil., p. 83, 1885, . . 318, 327
Pynrulina, A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc.. vii, p. 4, 1863. ,321, 352, 359
Pyriformis (Eulima), Brngnone. Misc. Malacol. . .276
Quinquecincta (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 414, 1857.
= P. notabilis, C. B. Ad 359
Rangii (Scalenostoma), Polin. Meleagrinicoles, 61, 1867, . 287
Rnphium, Bayaii. = Baudonia, Bayan, 1873, . . .319
Rathbuni (Turbinella), Yerrilland Smith. Amer. Jour. Sci.,
xx, p. 392, 1880, 326, 328
Reclinata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
126, 1861, 278
Recta (Leiostraca), C. B. Ad. Shells of Panama, p. 199, . 280
Reii'ularis (Odostomia), Folin. Ponds de la Mer, p. 267,
1867. = O. doliolum, Ph 355
Reigeni (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat Cat., 422, 1857, . .311
Retardate (Odostomia), Tiberi, MS. Monts. Nat. Sicil.,
201, 1885. = 0. Erjaveciana, Brus.
Reticosa (Mumiola), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 5,
1863, 315
Reticulate (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 75, 1852, . 332
Retrorsa (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 31,
1*65, 269
Rhabdoconcha, Gemmellaro. Giorn. Ac. Sci, Palermo, xiii,
1878, .265
Ri<zauxia, Cossmann. Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr., 3 ser.,iii, 1885, 264
Riisei (Chemnitzia), Morch. Mai. Bliitt., xxii, p. 165, 1875, 332
Rissoides (Odostomia), Han ley. Zool. Proc., p. 18, 1844, . 347
Rissoina (Mormula), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 1,
18-.3, 297, 312
Robusta (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
125, 1861 271
Robusta (Slylifer), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 140, . 293
Robustns (Stylifer), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 437, 1860 . . 293
Rosacea (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p.
292, t. 24, f. 19, 1867, 363
Rosea (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 437, 1860, . . 284
Rosea (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 28, 324
Rosea (Turbonilla), Monts. Euum. Sin., 34, 1878, . . 326
402 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Roseus (Obeliscus), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. New. Zeal.,
p. 22, 1873, 304
Rotunclata (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 418, 1857, . 315
Rubra (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 291,
t. 24/f. 18, 1867, 303
Rubrofusca (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Zool. Proc., p. 171, 1856, . 336
Rufa (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, p. 158, t. 9,
f. 7, 318, 326, 328, 329
Rufescens (Chemnitzia), Forbes. Brit. Moll., iii, 253, . 325
Rufo-fasciata (Stylopsis), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag.,
xvi, p. 103, 1875, .... . 344
Rufolineata (Chrysallida), A. Ad., Journ. Linn. Soc., vii,
p. 3, 1863, 311
Rufula (Odostomia), Souverbie. Journ. de Conch., p. 290,
t. 13, f. 7, 1875. = 0. lutea, Garrett, . . . .361
Rugosa (Turbonilla), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 208, t. 29,
f 5, 327
Rupestris (Rissoa), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., ii, 107.
= Odostomia bisuturalis, Say, 357
Riippelli (Elusa), Jick. Jahrb. fur Malac., ix, p. 367, 1882, 310
Rutila (Eulima), Carp. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii, p.
222, 1866, ..... .... 279
Salassia, de Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 1870.
= Cingulina, A. Ad. 318
Samoensis(Leiostraca),Crosse. Journ.de Conch., p. 300,1867, 280
Sandvichensis (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 21,
1865, 284
Sandvichensis (Niso), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Niso, sp.
1, 1866, . . . . 288
Sarissa (Eulima), Watson. Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii, p. 119,
1883, . . . .278
Satura (Odostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 1865, 358
Scalariformis (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 413, 1857, . 359
Scalarina (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proc., vii, p. 405, 18(51, . 365
Scalarioides (Turritella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. p.
107, f. 41, 1826. = Chemnitzia rufa, Ph. . . 236
Scalaris (Chemnitzia), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil , i, p. 157. t.
9, f. 9, .... . . 318,325
Scalaris (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Yar. rufescens.
=Cheranitzia rufescens, Forbes.
Scalaris (Spiroclimax), Morch. Mai. Blat., xxii, p. 168,
1875, . 321, 358
Scalaris (Turbonilla), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exper.. vii.,
p. 110, t. 3, f. 7, 1877. = T. Velaini, Tryon, . .' . 336
Scalenostoma, Desh. Journ. de Conch., x, 396, 1863,. 261, 287
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 403
PAGE.
Scalina (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., vi, 20, 1860, 365
St-aliola (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 420, J860, . 335
Scandens (Odostomia), Brus. MS. Monts., Nat. Sicil., 202,
1885, . . . . ' . ... . .351
Scillre (Odostomia), Scacc. Notiz. int. alle. Conch., p. 51, t. 2,
f. 2, 339
Scitula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 128,
1861, 278
Scitula (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii. p. 90, 1864, 283
Scitula (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
^ vii, 297, 1861, 335
Scitulus (Obelise us), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p.
810, t. 171, f. 23, 1855. = B. ventricosa, Guerin.
Soulptilis (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag , vi, 419, I860. 336
Selma, A. Adams. Jour. Linn. Soc., 91, 1864, . .260,285
Semicostata (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 361, 1884, 324
Seminuda (Odostomia) Adams. Bost. Jour., ii, 280, . 357
Semiornata (Odostomia), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, p. 48, t.
2, f. 1, 1873. = 0. exilissima, Brus. . . . .351
Semiplieata (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 478,
I860, 365
Semistriata (Amaurella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 311, 1867, . 287
Semitorta (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
126, 1861, ... 278
Senegalensis (Turbonilla), Maltzan. Nachrichtblatt, xviii,
p. 27, 324
Serotina (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 234,
1862, 308
Sicula (Odostomia), Ph. Zeitsch. fur Malac., p. 88, 1852.
= 0. conoidea, Brocchi, . . . . . . . 350
Sigmoidea (Odostomia), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., vi.
p. 71, 1880, .327
Silvestri (Odostomia), Arad. et Benoit. Conch, viv. mar.
Sic., 219, t. 4, f. 7, 1870, = 0. emaciata, Brus. . . 353
Similis (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat , 168, 1852, . 334
Similis (Turbonilla elegantissima, var.), Monts. En. e Sin.,
p. 33. = T. Campanulas, Ph 322
Simillimus (Turbo), Mont. Jeffrys, Brit. Conch., iv, 164.
= Chemnitzia rufa, Phil. . ". 326
Simplex (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 224, t. 16, f. 28-31,
1853 343
Simplex (Odostomia), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 15, t. 1, f. 10,
^1871, 363
Simplex (Odostomia elegans, var.), Monts. Nuova Rivista,
p. 31, 351
Sinuata (Monoptygma), Gld. Bost. Proc., p. 406, 1861, . 315
404 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGB.
Sinuosa (Eulima), Scacchi. Cat. 15, 1836.
= E. incurva, Ren. ........ 275
Sinuosa (Odostoinia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc ., p. 358, 18S4, . 322
Sitkensis (Odostomia), Ball. MS. Rep. Canad. Snrv., 2037,
1878-79. = ?0. inflata, Carp 358
Smithii (Eulimella), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p.
380, 1880; Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 351, 1884.
= E. unifasciata, Forbes. .......
Smithii (Syrnola), Tryon 308
Solcniscus, Meek and Worthen. Proc. Philad. Acad., 1860, 299
Solida (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 18, 1865, 268
Solida (Pyrarnidella), Sowb. Tank. Cat., App., p. 12, . 303
Solida (Stylifer), A. Ad. MS. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 6, 293
Solidula (Eulima), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 53,
t. 11, f. 27 271
Solidula (Odostomia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 110, 1850, . 358
Solidula (Odostomia), Ph. Zeitsch fur Malac., p. 29, 1849, 365
Solidula (Pyramidella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 233, 1860, 308
Solidula (Turbonilla), Issel. Mai. Mar Rosso, p. 176, t. 1,
f. 17, 1869, 336
Soluta (Odostomia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 405, 1861, . 365
Speciosa (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . .314
Speciosa (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Anim. Mag., vi, 420, 1860, 335
Speciosa (Turbonilla), Bean. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 151.
= T. indistincta, Mont .326
Speciosa (Turbonilla), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 274, t. 19, f.
11, 1869. = T. Macandrese, H. Adams.
Speciosus (Stylifer), H. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 289, 1868, . 291
Spectabilis (Turbonilla), Monts. Nomenc. Conch. Medit.,
90, 1884, . . ... 327
Spectrum (Murchisoniella), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, 184,
1875, .... . 339
Spiculum (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 129, 1861,
Spina ( Cingulina), Crosse and Fischer. Jour.de Conch.,
p. 347, 1864 (p. 44, t. 3, f. 13, 14, 1865), . .' . .338
Spiralis (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Br., ii, p. 323, t. 12, f. 9, 354
Spiralis (Odostomia), Monts. (not Montagu).
= 0. turbonilloides.
Spiralis (Pyramidella), Wood. = P. auris-cati, Chemn. . 305
Spirata (Chemnitzia), Kurtz and Stimpson. Bost. Proc.,
iv, 115, 1851, ... 329
Spirata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . 297, 315
Spirata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
3d ser., vi, 414, 1860, 365
Spiroclimax, Morch. Mai. Blatt., 168, 1874, . . .321
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 405
PAGE.
Splendidula (Niso), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 6, 1834, . . 287
Spreta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 90, 1864, 283
Stalioli (Eulima), Brusina. Jour, de Conch., p. 242, 1869;
Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 368, 1884, . . 275
Stenostoma (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
p. 126, 1861, 278
Stenostoma (Leiostraca), Jeffre} r s. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 3d ser.,H, p. 128, t. 5, f.7, . . 282
Stimpsonii (Stylifer), Verrill. Amer. Jour. Sci., new ser.,
iii, p. 283, 1872, 289
Straminea (Odostomia), Carp. Jour, de Conch., xiii, p.
146, 1865, 358
Striata (Bacula), H. and A. Adams. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xi, 18, 1863, 283
Striata (Monoptygma), Gray. Thes. Conch., ii, 1816, . 313
Striata (Ncemia), Folin. Ponds de la Mer, 1871.
= Odostomia elegans, Monts. . . . . . .351
Striata (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. SiciL, i, 154, t. 10, f. 8,
1836. = 0. interstincta, var. siituralis, .... 353
Striata (Odostomia), Pse. Amer. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 291,
t. 24, f. 16, 1867, 363
Striatula (Eulimella), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,xvii,
p. 186, 1856, 340
Striatula (Menestho), Couthouy. Bost. Jour. N. Hist., ii.
101, 1839, . .345
Striatula (Odostomia), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1238, . 318, 327
Striatula (Syrnola), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p. 812,
t. 171, f. 29, 1855, 307
Striatus (Turbo), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subapp., t. 6, f. 7,
1814. = Menestho bulinea, Lowe, ..... 345
Stricta (Turbonilla), Verrill. Rep. TJ. S. Fish Commission,
i, p. 659, 1874, 329
Strigulata (Elusa), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 237, 1862, . 311
Striolata (Odostomia), Alder. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., iii, 267. = 0. turrita, Hanley, var.
Striolata (Turbonilla), Weink., ii, p. 210.
= Odostomia Striatula, Linn. ...... 327
Striosa (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 169, 1852, . 334
Strobeus, de Koninck, 1881, . ... . 264
Stylata (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 126,
1861, . 278
Stylifer, Brod. Zool. Proc., 60, 1832, .... 262, 289
Stylifera (Phasianella), Turton. Zool. Journ., Oct., 1825.
= Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. . . . ' . . . 290
Styliferina, A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vi, 335, 1860.
260, 286
406 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Styliformis (Careliopsis), Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. Ifi9,
1875, 297, 315
Stylina (Cheranitzia torguata, var.), Carp. Ann. Mag. N.
Hist., 3 ser., xv, 185, 1865, 333
Stylina, Fleming, 1828. = Stylifer, Brod. , . . 262
Stylina (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . .314
Stylinus (Obeliscns), A. Ad. Sowb., Zool. Proc., 224, 1851.
= Styloptvgma typica, Tryon, . . . .297,312
Stylopsis, A.' Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., v, 406, 1860, . 319, 344
Styloptvgma, A. Ad. Zool. Proc.. p. 235, 1862, . 297, 312
SubaDgulata (Pimkeria), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 434, 1857, . 338
Subangulata (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, . .271
Subangulata (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3
ser., vi, 416, 1860, 365
Subangulata (Stylifer), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 122, 1855, . 292
Subcarinata (Eulima), , d'Orb. Cuba, p. 217, t. 16, f. 4-6, . 273
Subcuspidata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Calif. Proc., iii, p. 220,
1866, 333
Subdiaphana (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. X. Hist., 3
ser., vi, 417, I860, . .365
Subdolabratus (Obeliscus dolabratus, var.), Morch. Mai.
Blatt., xxii, p. 157, ... ... 300
Subemarginata (Chemnitzia), Folin. Moll. Andaman., 1879, 337
Subeulima, Souverbie. Journ. de Conch., p. 296, 1875, 261, 287
Subfarcinata (Pyramidella), Watson, 304
Sublirulata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 410, 1857, . 359
Sublonga (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., 345, 1884, . 346
Subpellucida (Eulima), Pse. Zool. Proc., p. 515, 1865, . 284
Subplanata (Odostomia), Gld. Bost Proc., vii, p. 404, 1861, 365
Subrostrata (Eulima), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 43,
1866, . 272
Substriata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Cantr., p. 73, 1852.
= Morch, Mai. Blatt,, xxii, 162, 330
Subsulcata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 411, 1857, . 359
Subula (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann and Mag. Nat Hist., viii, p.
239, 1861, . . . . . , . . . .278
Snbula (Mucronalia), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 91,
1864, \ . 285
Subula (Syrnola), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 403, 1861, . 309
Subula (Turbonilla), Morch. Mai. Bliitt., vi, p. 120, 1860, . 334
Subularia, Monterosato. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 103,
1884, 259, 278
Subulata (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Contr., p. 74, 1852, . 331
Subulata (Eulima), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, t. 172, . . 279
Subulata (Odostomia). Ph. Zeitsch fur Malac., p. 30, 1860, 365
Subulata (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 177, 1853, 310
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 407
PAGE.
Subulatus (Stylifer), Brod. Zool. Proc., p. 61, 1832, . . 291
Subuliforme (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 236,
1862, 313
Subulina (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 85,
18K4, . . 282
Subulina (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 234, 1862, 308
Subulites, Conrad. Emmons' Geol. Kept., N. Y., 392, 1842, 264
Subumbilicata (Eulima), Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., p. 370, 1884, 276
Subventricosa (Chemnitzia Humboldti, var.), Phil. Moll.
Sic., ii, p. 137, 1844, 345
Subventricosa (Leiostraca), Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,sp.
18, 1866, . . . .285
Succiniola (Selraa), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 91, 1864, 285
Suezienzis (Odostomia), Issel. Mai. Mar Rosso., p. 178, t.
2, f. 1, 1869 365
Sufarcinatus (Obeliscus), Watson.
= Pyramidella nitidula, A. Ad.
Sulcata (Menestho Humboldti, var.), B. D. D. Moll.
Rouss., 195, 1883, 345
Sulcata (Menestho), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p.
380, 18SO, 345
Sulcata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada.,
p. 224, t. 3, f. 46,1873, 360
Sulcata (Ondina), Polin. Fonds de le Mer, t. 29, f. 1, . 351
Sulcata (Oscilla), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 417,
1860, 310
Sulcata (Pyramidella), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii, p.
807, t. 171, f. 34, 1855, 301
Sulcata (Pyramidella), Nutt. Jay's Cat. of Shells, p. 68.
= P. sulcata, A. Ad.
Sulcata (Stylopsis), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p.
241, 1861, . .344
Sulcatina (Yanesia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii,
p. 307, 1861, 339
Sulcifera (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist, 296,
1861, . 315
Sulcifera (Odostomia), E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., p. 735,
1871, .349
Superflua (Odostoma), Monts. Enum. e Sinon, p. 34.
? = Eulimella compactilis, Jeffreys, ..... 339
Suturalis (Dunkeria), Gould. Bost. Proc., viii, 280, 1862, . 338
Suturalis (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1851, . . 314
Suturalis (Obeliscus), Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt, xvii, p. 26, 304
Suturalis (Odostomia), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 129, 1844, . 353
Suturalis (Odostomia), Phil. Zeit. Mai, 30, 1849, . . 365
Syrnola, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 233, 1862, . . . 296, 306
408 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Syrnolopsis, E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 5 ser., vi,
426, 1880, 298, 315
Tseniata (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 88,
1864 283
Tjvniatii (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll., Isles Andaman, . . 337
Tjvniatum (Styloptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 235, 1802.
Tantilla (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 89,
18r,4, . . 282
Tantilla (Pyrgulina), A. Ad. Jonrn. Linn. Soc., vii. p. 5,
1803, . 3G5
Tasmanica (Eulima), Tenison-Wood. Roy. Soc., Tasmania,
p. 29, 1875 278
Tasmanica (Obeliscus), Pettercl. Journ. of Conch., iv, p.
140, 1884 303
Tasmanica (Stylifer), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc., N. S. W.,
p. 152, 1870, . 293
Tasmanica (Turbonilla), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc.,
Tasmania, p. 145, 1875, 335
Telescopinm (Chrysallida), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 419, 1857, . 311
Teinostoma (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 276, 1851, .207
Tenella (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 224, 1851, .315
Tenera (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 3 ser., vi, 21, 1860, 3C5
Tenisoni (Enlima), Tryon. 209
Tennicosta (Tnrbonilla), Issel. Mai. Mar Rosso., p. 174.
t. 1. f. 10, 1869, .336
Tenuicula(Chemnitzia), Gould. Shellsof Calif., 10, t. 14,f.l5, 333
Tenuicnla (Chrysallida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 302,
1861, . 311
Tennilirata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 433, 1857, . 333
Tennis (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 412, 1857, . . 359
Tennis (Odostomia), Jeffr. Zool. Proc., p. 347, 1884, . . 350
Tenniscnlpta (Odostomia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv,
1805, . . . . . . . . . .359
Tenuiscnlpta (Syrnola), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., xix, p. 102 ;
Jap. Mar. Conch., iii, 58, t. 3, f. 7, 8, 1872, . . .309
Terebella (Helix). Miili. Hist. Verm., ii, p. 123.
= Pyramidella dolabrata, Linn., var.
Terebelloides (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb. Thes. Conch., ii,
p. 808, t. 171, f. 18, 1855. = Pyramidella dolabrata,
Linn., var 300
Terebellum (Chemnitzin), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 138, 1844,
= interstincta, Mont., var. . . . . . 353
Terebellum (Niso), Chemn. Conch., x, 1. 105, f. 1592, 1593, 288
Terebellum (Obeliscus), Milll. Term., p. 123, No. 319.
= 0. dolabratus, Linn., var. ...... 300
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 409
PAGE.
Terebellnra (Parthema), C. B.Ad. Panama Cat., No. 254,
1852. Carp., Zool. Proe.. 1863, 359
Terebra (Chrysaliida), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 45,
18(>l, . . . .311
Tereura (Turbinella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag.. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vii, 297, 18(51, 335
Terebra (Turbinella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 239, 1800, . 338
Terebralis (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 432, 1857, . 333
Teres (Elusa), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, p.
297, 1861, 296, 311
Teres (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., ii, p. 807, t.
171, V. 31, 32, 1855. = P. sulcata, A. Ad. . . .301
Teres (Odostomia en<ronia, var.), Bush. Trans. Conn.
Acad., vi, p. 467, t. 45, f. 9, 1885, 343
Teretiuscula (Syrnola), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vi, p. 334, 1860, .... ... 309
Terquemi (Hoplopteron), Fischer. Journ. de Conch., xxiv,
p. 234, 1876, . .... 289
Tessellata (Mumiola), A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 6,
1863, 315
Tessellatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
808, t. 171, f. 16, 1855. = P. sulcata, Adams, . . 301
Textilis (Chemnitzia), Kurtz. Cat. Mar. Shells, 8, 1860, . 329
Thersites (Eulima), Carp. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xv,
p. 396, 1865, 278
Thomassiae (Sty lifer), Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 15, 1878, . 2.92
Tiberia, Jeffreys MS. Monts. Atti Ace. Palermo, 5, 31,
1875, 295, 304
Tincta (Syrnola), Angas. Zool. Proc., p. 15, t. 1, f. 11,
1871, .- .308
Tinctus, Watson. = Pyramidella nitidula, A. Ad. . . 304
Titania (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, p.
240, 1861, 282
Torcula (Odostomia), Morch. Journ. de Conch., p. 372,
1876 358
Tornata (Odostomia), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p.
196, 1884, . 358
Torquata (Chemnitzia), Gould. Desc. Shells of Calif., ii, t.
14, f. 16, 333
Tortuosa (Eulima), Ad. and Rve. Toy. Samarang, p. 53,
t. 12, f. 26 .271
Trabeeula, Monteroeato. Conch. Medit., 86, 1884, . .317
Trachealis (Chemnitzia), Gld. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 407, 1861 , 321
Tragula, Monterosato. Conch. Medit., 86, 1884,. . 317, 325
Tricincta (Odostomia), Jeffreys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xvii, p. ^.85, t. 2, f. 12, 13, 1856. = 0. doliolum, Ph. . 355
410 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Tridentata (Chemnitzia), Cpr. Journ. de' Conch., xiii, p.
147, 1865, .... 333
Trifasciata (Leiostraca), H. Adams. Trans. Linn. Soc., v,
t. i, f. 13, 14, 1805, 279
Trii'asciata (Vanesia), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
viii, p. 242, 18,51, 339
Trifasciatus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 332, 1862, 303
Trifida (Odostoraia), Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., xxvi, 368, . 356
Trilineata (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 180, 1853, 337
Trilincata (Niso), Morch. Jour, de Conch., p. 129, 1872, . 2^9
Trinodosa (Rissoa), Rayneval e Ponzi. Jelfre}^, Zool.
Proc., 352, 1884. == Odostomia excavata, Phil. . . 355
Triptychus, Morch. Mai. Blatt., xxii, p. 158, 1875, . 295, 304
Trochalia, Sharpe. Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc.,vi, 101, 1850, . 298
Tuberculata (Menestho Humboldtii, var.), B. D. D. Moll.
Rouss., 195, 1883, . . . . . . . . 345
Tumens (Cythnia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 363, 1856, . . 293
Tumida (Mucronalia), Pease MS. Sty lifer Mittrei, Petit, 290
Turbonilla (Leach), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merkl., iv, 1 826,
317, 322
Tnrbonilloides (Odostomia), Brus. Jour, de Conch., p. 240,
1869, 355
Turgidula (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Ann. and Mas:. Nat. Hist.,
p. 128, 1861, . 282
Turriculata (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi di Sicil., p.
11, f. 5, 1869. = 0. Erjaveciana, Brus.
Turriculata (Odostomia), Monts. Test. Nuovi Mar. Sicil.,
p. 11, f. 5. =0. turrita, Hanley, var 348
Turriculata (Rissoa), Calc. Monog. Glaus, e Bal., 50, 1839.
= Menestho Humboldtii, Risso, 345
Turris (Chemnitzia), d'Orb. Cuba, p. 219, t. 16, f. 10-13;
Amer. Merid., No. 290, ....... 330
Turris (Eulimella), Forbes. Brit. Assoc. Report, 188, 1843.
= E. acicnla, Phil., var 340
Turrita (Chemnitzia), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 169, 1852, . 334
Turrita (Cingula), C. B. Ad. Panama Cat,, No. 255, 1852;
Carp., Zool. Proc., 1863. = Parthenia notabilis, Ad. . 359
Turrita (Odostomia), Hanley. Zool. Proc., p. 18, 1844, . 348
Turrita (Odost.), Metcalfe. Thorpe, Index Brit. Mar.
Conch., 44, 1844. = Odost. excavata, Phil. . . .355
Turrita (Styliferina), Cpr. Proc. Cal. Soc.,iii, p. 219, 1868, 286
Turritella (Chemnitzia), Pfr. A. Ad., Zool. Proc., 180, 1853, 332
Turritella (Rissoa). Sc. Cat. Reg. Neap., p. 15, f. 24,
= Turbonilla lactea, Linn. 322
Turritellata (Eulima), Requien. Coq. de Corse, p. 58, 1848.
= Eulimella ventricosa, Forbes, ..... 340
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 411
PAGE.
Turritus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ii, p.
807, t. 171, f. 17, 1855, 301
Turtoni (Stylifer), Brocl. Zool. Proc., p. 61, 1832, . . 289
Tvpica (Stylopsis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 406, I860,
320, 344
Tvpica (Styloptygma), Tryon, 312
Umbilicaris (Odostomia), Malm. Goetheborg K. vel Verb.,
viii, p. 128, t. 2, f. 10, 347
Umbilicata ( Odostomia), Alder. Trans. Tj'nesiele Nat. Club,
i, 359. = O. acuta, Jeffreys, var 349
Undata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., No. 531, 1857.
= C. afflnis, C. B. Ad. . . . . . . .334
Unicincta (Odostomia doliolum, var.), B. D. D. Moll. Rous-
sillon, 168 355
Unidens (Eulima), Req. Moll. Corse.
= Odostomia plicata, Mont.
Unidentata (Odostomia), Mont. Test. Brit., ii,p. 324, . 348
Unifasciata (Chemnitzia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 433, 1857, . 333
Unifasciata (Odostomia), Forbes. Rep. A eg. Inv., p. 188;
Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 351, 1884, . . .342
Unilineata (Leiostraca), Ad. and Rve. Voy. Samarang^
p. 52, t. 11, f. 53, 280
Unilineata (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
p. 227, t. 3, f. 53, 1873, 361
Valida (Eulima), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 127,
1861, 278
Yalida (Noernia), Folin. Fonds de la Mer, 63, t. 2, f. 6,
1872. = Odostomia dolioliformis, Jeff. . . . .351
Vallata (Odostomia), Carp. Mazat, Cat., 411, 1857, . . 359
Vancouverensis (Chemnitzia), Baird. Zool. Proc., 67, t. 1,
f. 3, 1863. ='C. torquata, Gld.
Yanesia, A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 242, 1861.
319, 339
Varians (Eulima), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 8, 1834, . . .278
Varicosa (Chemnitzia), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 181, t. 20,
f, 15, 1853, 312
Varicosa (Parthenia), Forbes. Rep. ./Eg. Invert., 136, 1844.
= Odostomia striatula. Linn. ...... 327
Yaricosa (Turbonilla), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 239, 1860, . 335
Yariegata (Pyramidella, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., p. 178,
1853, .305
Yariegatus (Obeliscus), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
xiv, p. 46, 1864. = P. conica, C. B. Ad 302
Yelaini (Turbonilla;, Tryon, ., .... 336
412 INDEX AND SYNONYMY.
PAGE.
Yentricosa (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser.,
vi, 21, 1860, 365
Ventricosa (Odostomia, Forbes. Rep. JEg. Inv., p. 188,
1843; Jeffreys, Zool. Prbc., 363, 1884.
(?) = Bulimella acicula, Phil, var 340
Ventricosa (Pyramidella), Guerin. Mag. de Zool., t. 2,
1830, .299
Yenusta (Eulima), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 294,
1867, 268
Yenusta (Odostomia), Monts. Atti Acad. Palermo, p. 33,
1875. = 0. ainoena, Monts.
Yenusta (Turbonilla), Issel. Mar Rosso, 175, 1869, . . 337
Yenustula (Turbonilla), A. Ad. Ann. Mag., vi, 418, 1860, 336
Vincentina (Odostomia), Tr> on, 362
Yincta (Leiostraca), A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc., vii, p. 88,
1864, 280
Yincta (Pyramidella), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., vi, p.
330, 1883. = P. nivea, Morch. . . . . 304
Vinia (Turbonilla viridaria, var.), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Ivlus., vi, p. 332, 1883, . . 329
Virgo (Agatha), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., vi,
422, 1860, 296, 309
Virgo (Chemnitzia), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,xv,
185, 1865 333
Viridaria (Turbonilla), Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p.
332, 1883, 329
Viridescens (Odostomia), Old. Bost. Proc., vii, p. 405,
1861, 365
Vitiensis (Turbonilla), Garrett MSS. Godefroy Shells.
= T. elongata, Pease.
Vitrea (Eulima), A. Ad. Zool. Proc. p. 277, 1851, . . 282
Vitrea (Eulima), Petterd. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 136,
1884, .278
Vitrea (Eulimella), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vii, 47,
1861, 341
Vitrea (Odostomia), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser.,
vi, 416, 1860. . . . 365
Vitrea (Odostomia), Brus. (not of A. Adams). Contr. Moll.
Dalmatia, p. 12, f. 6, 1866. = 0. elegans, Monts. . . 350
Vitrea (Odostomia), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . . 365
Vitrea (Odostomia), Garr. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p.
227, t. 3, f. 52, 1873, 360
Vitreolina, Monterosato. Nomencl. Conch. Medit., 100,
18&4, 259
Vitreus (Obeliscus), A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi,
p. 335, 1860, 303
INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 413
PAflE.
Yittata (Monoptygma), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 295,
1861, . 315
Vittata (TurbonilhO, Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . . 337
Yix-ornata (Odostomia elegans, var), Folin. Fonds de la
Mer, 1871, 351
Yolusia, A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 306,
1861, 261, 289, 350
Warrenii (Odostomia), Thompson. = 0. obliqua, Alder, . 350
Wehikauffi (Torbonilla), Dunker. Jour, de Conch., 343, t.
13 f. 9, 1862; xi, 335, 1863. == T. fenestrata, Forbes, . 325
Wood-Masoni (Turbonilla), Folin. Moll. Isles Andaman, . 337
Ziziphina (Oseilla), Carp. Mazat. Cut., 416, 1857, . . 310
Ziziphina (Parthenia), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 416, 1857, . . 359
REFERENCE TO PLATES.
PLATE 1.
[GURU. PAOK.
1-3. Natica stercus-muscarum, Gmel. Jaws. Troschel,
Gebiss Schiieck., i, t. 14, f. 11. Front, back and
side views, ........ 4
4. Natica lineata, Lam. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 14, f. 10, 4
5. Natica millepunctata, Lam. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 14,
f. 13, 4
<>. Natica duplicate, Say. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 15, f. 9, 4
7. Sigaretus laevigatus, Lam. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 15,
f. 13, . 10
8. Yelutina laevigata, Lam. Dentition. Ibid., i, t. 14, f. 2, 12
9. Lamellaria producta, Leach. Dentition. Fischer's
Manual, viii, f. 528, ... ... 12
10. Marsenina prodita, Gray. Dentition. Troschel, Gebiss,
i, t. 15, f. 18, 12
11. Oncidiopsis Groenlandica, Bergh. Dentition. Ibid.,
i,t. 15, f. 17, . . 12
12. 13. Natica millepunctata. Operculnm. Specimen, . 5
14. Natica heros, Say. Operculum. Specimen, . . 5
414 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
15. Sigaretus laevigatus, Soul. Operculum. Fischer's
Manual, pt. viii, f. 535, . . . . . .10
16,17. Naricacancellata,Chemn. Operculum. Ibid.,f.526, 13
18, 19. Laraellaria latens, Miill. Ibid., f. 530, . . . 12
20. Marsenina prodita, Gray (Loven). Ibid., f. 531, . . 12
21. Oncidiopsis glacialis, Sara. Ibid., f. 532 a, . . .12
PLATE 2.
22. Natica raillepimctata, Lam. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.
A,f. 3, . . .14
23. Natica millepunctata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.
266, 11
24. Natica maculata, Desh. (= millepunctata, var.). Ibid.,
f. 186, 14
25. Natica hebrsea, Mart. (= millepunctata, var. sangui-
nolenta). Moll. Espagn., t. 20, f. 8, . . " . 14
26. 27. Natica fulminea, Ginelin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.
61,62, 15
28. Natica Senegalensis, Recluz. (== fulgurans, Recluz.).
Jour, de Conch., i, t. 14, f. 5, 16
29. Natica Adansonii (N. fanel, Adans.). Reeve, Conch.
Icon.,f. 83, 6, . . . . . . . .17
30. Natica Adansonii, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 6, 15
31. Natica Bourguignati, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, t.
7,f. 8, \ 16
32. Natica zebra, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53 6, . 16
33. Natica pellis-tigrina, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 83, . 16
34. Natica lynx, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 7, . 17
PLATE 3.
35. Natica maculosa, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 57, . 16
36. Natica imperforata, Sowb. Reeve, Ibid., f. 77 6, . 17
37. Natica florida, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90, . 17
38. Natica tincturata, Reeve (= pulicaris). Conch. Icon.,
f. 63, 17
39. Natica pulicaris, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 9, 17
40. Natica cincta, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, t. 14, f. 7, . 18
41. Natica violacea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 656, . 18
42. Natica fabella, Jousseaume. Bull, Soc. Zool. Fr., t. 4,
f. 11, 1884, 18
43. Natica tecta, Anton. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 10, 18
44. Natica Sagraiana, d'Orb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 1 11 a, 19
45. Natica filosa, Phil. (= Sagraiana). Kiister, Conch.
Cab.,t, 11, f. 9, 19
46. Natica pulchella, Pfr. (= Sagraiana). Ibid., 1. 19, f. 13, 19
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 415
F1GUKB. PACK.
47, 48. Natica vcnustula, Phil. Reeve. Conch. Icon.,
f. 138a&, . . . . '. . . .19
49. Natica Bayani, Jouss. (= venustula). Guerin's Mag.,
t. 2, f. 5, 1874 ' . . . .19
50. Natica Trailing Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 137 a, . . 19
51. 52. Natica Mozaica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 133, 134, 19
53. Natica Chinensis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 82 a, 20
54. Natica Aimei, Jouss. (== Chinensis). Bull. Soc. Zool.
Fr., t. 4, f. 10, 1884, 20
55. Natica Forskalii, Chemn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 596, 20
5<>. Natica Maheense, Dufo. Reeve, Ibid., f. 58 c, . . 20
57. Natica Raynoldiana, Recluz. Reeve, Ibid., f. 5G 6, . 20
PLATE 4.
58. Natica canrena, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 14 6, . 20
59. Natica proxima, Ad. (= canrena). Ibid., f. 126 c, . 20
60. Natica lemniscata, Phil. (= canrt-na). Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 17, f. 9 20
61. Natica affinis, Busch. (= canrena). Ibid., t. 13, f. 3, . 20
62. Natica alapapilionis, Chemn. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
f. 60 a, 21
63. Natica crenata,Recl. (=alapapilionis) Jour, de Conch.,
iv,t. 7, f.5, 21
64. Natica articulata, Phil. (= alapapilionis). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 17, f. 4, . . , . . . 21
65. Natica Broderipiana, Reel. (= alapapilionis). Reeve,
Conch. Icon., f. 66 a, . . . . .21
66. Natica Taslei, Reel. (= Broderipiana). Jour, de Conch.,
iv, t. 2, f. 12, 21
67. Natica iostoma, Menke (= Broderipiana). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 17, f. 5, . . . . . . 21
68. 69. Natica picta, Recluz. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67 c 6, 21
70. Natica Zelandica, Quoy. Reeve, Ibid., f. 90 a, . . 22
71. Natica catenata, Phil. Reeve, Ibid., f. 92 a, . . 22
72. Natica catenata, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 1. 18, f. 11, 22
73. Natica Grayi, Phil. Ibid., t. 11, f. 13, . . . . 22
PLATE 5.
74. Natica inarochiensis, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 52, 22
75. Natica marochiensis, Ginel. Sowb., Thes., Conch.,
f. 151, 22
76. Natica lurida, Phil. (= marochiensis). Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 12, f. 4, . . . . ' . . . .22
77. Natica hebraea, Phil. (= inarochiensis, var.). Ibid.,
t. 11, f. 10, 22
416 EEFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
78. Natica avellana, Phil. (= Dillwyni, Payr.). Ibid., t.
11, f. 14, 25
79. Natica tessellata, Phil. (= raarochiensis, var.). Ibid.,
t. 7, f. 7, . . 22
80. Natica Cayennensis, Reel. (= marochiensis, var.).
Jour, de* Conch., i, t. 14, f. 6, 22
81. Natica Souleyetiana, Reel. (= marochiensis, var.).
Ibid., t. 14, f. 8, . . .... 22
82. Natica Mao cell i, Jonss. (= marochiensis, var.). Guer-
in's Mag., t. 2, f. 11, 1874, 22
83. Natica limacina, Jouss. (= marochiensis, var.). Ibid.,
t. 2,f. 7, 1874, 22
84. Natica Marchii, Jouss. (== marochiensis, var.). Ibid.,
t. 2, f. 9, 1874 22
85. Natica livida, Pfr. (= marochiensis, var.). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 11, f. 16, 22
86. Natica rufilabris, Reeve (= marochiensis, var.). Conch.
Icon.,f. 1036, 22
87. Natica lacernula, Orb. (= marochiensis, var.). Moll.
Cuba, t. 17, f. 23, 22
88. Natica undata, Phil. (= marochiensis, var.). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 11, f. 12, 22
89. Natica Jamaicensis, Ad. (= marochiensis, var.). Thes.
Conch., f. 110 . .22
90. Natica gracilis, Sowb. (= marochiensis, var.). Ibid.,
f. 15(5, 22
91,92. Natica Menkeana, Phil. (= marochiensis, var.).
Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 15, f. 8, . . . .22
93. Natica unifasciata, Lam. (= marochiensis, var.).
Conch. Icon., f. 496 22
94. Natica Pritchardi, Forbes (= marochiensis, var.).
Zool. Proc,, ? t. 1 1 , f. 2 6, . . . . . .22
95. Natica Chemnitzii, Pfr. (= marochiensis, var.). Speci-
men 22
96. Natica Cernica, Jouss. (= marochiensis, var.). Guer-
in's Mag., t. 2, f. 13, 1*74, 22
97. Natica lineozona, Jouss. Ibid., t. 2, f. 3, 1874, . . 24
PLATE 6.
98. 99. Natica insecta, Jouss. Guerin's Mag., t. 2, f. 1, 2,
1874, . ....... 24
100. Natica Gaidei, Souverb. (= lineozona). Jour, de
Conch., t. 7,f. 7, 1874, 24
1. Natic-a notata, Sowb. (= lineozona). Thes. Conch.,
f. 168, 24
2. Natica locellus, Reeve (Magnified). Conch. Icon., f. 134, 24
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 41 7
FEGUKE. PAGE.
3, 4. Natica asellus, Reeve (Magnified). Ibid.,f. 136 a, 6, 24
5. Natica Dillwyni, Payr. Thes. Conch., f. 166, . . 25
6, 7. Natica abbreviata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 157, 158, . . 25
8. Natica Dillwyni, Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 5, f. 27, . . 25
9. Natica marraorata, Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 8, 1869, . 25
10, 11. Natica vittata, Gmelin. Thes. Conch., f. 116, 115, 25
12. Natica textilis, Reeve (= vittata). Reeve, Conch.
Icon., f. 1156, 25
13. Natica macilenta, Reeve (= Alderi, Forbes). Ibid., f.
1336, . 40
14. Natica nitida (= Guillemini). Ibid., f. 106 6, . . 40
15. Natica nitida, Forbes (= Guillemini}. Forbes and
Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. 100, f. 3, . . . .40
16. Natica Guillemini, Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 5, f. 25, . 40
17. 18. Natica macilenta, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 1. 10,
f. 10, 11, 40
19. Natica Rizzae, Phil. (= macilenta). Ibid., t. 15, f. 7, . 40
20, 21. Natica intricata, Donovan. Conch. Icon., f. 97 c,a, 42
22. Natica forata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 129 a, . . . . 26
23. Natica areolata, Recluz. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. 11, f. 2, 25
24. Natica limpida, E. A. Smith. Zool. Alert, t. 5, f. L, 26
25. Natica Antoni, Phil. Kiister, Conch.-Cab., t. 19, f. 18, 26
26. Natica Franciscana, Reeve (= Guillemini). Conch.
Icon., f. 127 6, 40
PLATE 7.
27. 28. Natica genuanus, Reeve (= imperforata). Gray,
Conch. Icon., f. 121 a, c, It
29. Natica fulgurans, Recluz. Ibid., f. 100 6, ... 16
30, 31. Natica concinna,Dunker. Moll. Mar. Jap., t. 2, f. 21, 26
32, 33. Natica bicincta, Schrenck. Moll. Amurl., t. 17,
f. 2, 3, . 26
34. Natica Collei, Recluz. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 1126, 26
35. Natica rubromaculata, Smith. Thes. Conch., f. 124, . 26
36. Natica sagittifera, Recluz (= marochiensisj. Jour, de
Conch.', iii, t. 8, f. 5, 22
37. Natica variabilis, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 104 a, . 27
38. Natica pavimentum, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 132, . 27
39. Natica Cailliaudi, Recluz (= pavimentum). Jour, de
Conch., i, t. 13, f. 9, 27
40. Natica pygmgea, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 1. 13. f. 12, 27
41. Natica dilecta, Gould. Moll. Wilke.s' Exped., f. 255, . 27
42. Natica monilifera, Lam. (= catena). Conch. Icon., f.
50 a, 41
43. Natica monilifera, Lam. (= catena). Forbes and Han-
ley, Brit. Moll., t. PP, f. 6, . . . . .41
27
418 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
44, 45. Natica monilifera, Egg Case and Eggs. Forbes and
Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. PP, f. 7 a, 6, . . . .41
PLATE 8.
46. Natica Adamsiana, Dunker. Moll. Mar. Japon., t. 13,
f. 5, 27
47, 48. Natica Moquiana, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iv, t.
5,f. 9, 10, . . . ' 27
49. Natica Gualteriana, Petit. Conch. Icon., f. 114, . . 27
49 bis. Natica obstricta, Menke. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.
17, f. 6, 28
50. Natica limbata, d'Orb. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 7, f. 1, 28
51. Natica Isabelliana, d'Orb. Ibid., t. 7, f. 2, . . .28
52. Natica labrella, Lam. (= collaria, Lam.). Ibid., t. 11,
f. 17, 28
53. Natica Gambise, Recluz (= collaria, Lam.). Conch.
Icon., f. 105, 28
54. Natica collaria, Lam. Ibid., f. 87 0, . . . 28
55. Natica Elenase, Recluz. Ibid., f. 94 a, . . . 28
56. Natica Haneti, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, t. 13, f. 7, 28
57. Natica lineata, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 24, . . .29
58. Natica Buriasensis, Recluz. Ibid., f. 128, . .29
59. Natica gracilis. Recluz. Jonr. de Conch. ,i, t. 14, f. 11, 29
60. Natica vitellus, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 39 6, . . 29
61. Natica zonalis, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, t. 14, f. 9, 29
PLATE 9.
62. Natica rufa, Born. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 70 a, . 29
63. Natica spadicea, Gmel. ( rufa, var.). Ibid., f. 9 a, . 29
64. Natica globosa, Chemn. (= helvacea, Lam.). Ibid., f.
466, . . .30
65. Natica clausa, Brod. and Sowb. Specimen, . . 30
66. Natica impervia, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 11, 31
67. Natica consolidata, Couth. (= clausa). Bost. Jour., ii,
t. 3, f. 14, 30
68. Natica ianthostoma, Desh. (= clausa). Guerin's Mag.,
t. 45, 1841, . . . . . . . .30
69. Natica septentrionalis, Beck (= clausa). Thes. Conch.,
f. 67, 30
70. Natica algida, Gould. (= Lewisii, Gould). Moll.
Wilkes Exped., f. 256, 35
71. Natica soluta, Gould. Ibid., f. 257, . , . .39
72. Natica o-Uva, Phil. (= Fortunei, Reeve). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 11, 37
73. Natica operculata, Jeffreys (= N. clausa, B. and S.).
Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 7, 1885, 30
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 419
FIGURE. PAGB.
74. Natica semisulcata, Gray. Conch. Icon., f. 116 a, 32
75. Natica sulcata, Born. Ibid., f. 95 6,
76. Natica borealis, Gray (= pallida, B. and S.). Ibid.
f. 120,
77. Natica bulbosa, Reeve (= pallida, B. and S.). Ibid.
f. 119,
78. Natica pusilla, Gld. (= pallida, B. and S.). Ibid., f
1176,
79. Natica obtusa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t, 4, f. 6, 1885,
80. Natica nucula, Reeve, f. Conch. Icon., f. 140, .
32
37
37
37
39
39
PLATE 10.
81. Natica didyma, Bolt. (= ampla, Phil.). Thes. Conch.,
f. 14, 32
82. Natica Chemnitzii, Recluz. (= ampla). Conch. Icon.,
f. 7 a, 32
83. Natica incisa, Dkr. (= ampla). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
t. 12, f. 8, . . 32
84. Natica Philippiana, Reel. (Josephinoe, Risso). Conch.
Icon. f. 45 a, 33
85. Natica papyracea, Busch (= ampla). Kiister, Conch.
Cab.,t. 13, f. 4, . 32
86. Natica Lamarckiana, Recluz. (= ampla). Conch. Icon.,
f. 6 6, 32
87. Natica Incei, Phil. Ibid., f. 896, . . .33
88. Natica Incei, Phil. Thes. Conch., f. 101, rv . . 33
89. Natica fibula, Reeve (= Incei). Conch. Icon., f. 130 6, 33
90. Natica clavata, Sowb. (= Incei). Thes. Conch., f. 167, 33
PLATE 11.
91. Natica Petiveriana, Recluz. (= ampla). Conch. Icon.,
f. 17 a, .... . $2
92. Natica vesicalis, Phil. (= ampla, Phil.). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 6, f. 1, . . .'. , . .32
93. Natica problematica, Reeve (= ampla). Conch. Icon.,
f. 21 a, 32
94. Natica bicolor, Phil. ^Kiister, Conch. Cat., t. 6, f. 4, . 33
95. Natica Baconi, Reeve (== Incei, Phil.). Conch. Icon.,
f. 37 a, 33
96. Natica glaucina, Reeve (=Josepliinse, Risso). Ibid., f. 8, 33
97. 98. Natica glauca, Humboldt. Ibid., f. 5 6, a, . . 34
PLATE 12.
99. Natica sordida, Phil. Thes. Conch., f. 98, . . . 38
100. Natica plicatula, Reeve (= sordida). Conch. Icon., f.
107, 38
420 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
1. Natica Recluziana, Desh. Thes. Conch., f. 6, . . 34
2. Natica fusca, Carp. (= otis, B. and S .). Ibid., f. 104, 43
3. Natica duplicata, Say. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., t. 10,
f. 101, . . > 33
4. Natica fossata, Gould (= duplicata). Specimen, . 33
5. Natica Texasiana, Phil. (= duplicata). Kiister, Conch.
Cab.,t. 12, f. 10, ....... 33
6. Natica ampla, Phil. Ibid., t. 6, f. 2, . . . .32
7. Natica imrnaculata, Totten. Invert. Mass., p. 344, . 38
8. Natica pisiformis, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 135, . . 39
9. Natica nucula, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 145, . . 39
PLATE 13.
10. Natica Campeachiensis, Recluz (= duplicata). Thes.
Conch., f. 7, . 33
11. Natica herculea, Midd. (=Lewisii. Gould). Ibid., f. 3, 35
12. Natica Reiniana, Dkr. (=Lewisii). Moll. Mar. Japon.,
t. 4, f. 15, . . . . . . . . 35
13. Natica heros, Say. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., t. 10, f.
99, . . . 35
14. Natica papyracea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 149, . .36
15. Natica Gouldi, Phil. (= pallida, B. and S ). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 8, 37
16. Natica triseriata, Say (= heros, Say). Conch. Icon., f.
1096, 35
17. Natica levicula, Yerrill. Trans. Conn. A cad., vi, t. 29,
f. 3, 36
18. Natica notabilis, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,t. 4, f. 1, 1885, 40
PLATE 14.
19. Natica heros, Say. Thes. Conch., f. 8, . . .35
20. Natica pomum, Phil. (= heros). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
t. 18, f. 9, . 35
21. Natica atrocyanea, Phil. Ibid., t. 8, f. 7, . . . 37
22. Natica Fortuuei, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 123, . . 37
23. Natica Fortunei, Reeve. Jour, de Conch. ,t. 9, f. 5, 1863, 37
24. Natica Patagonica, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 8, f. 6, 37
25. Natica tennis, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., i, t. 12. f. 7, . 38
26. Natica caurina, Gould (= pallida). Moll. Wilkes'
Exped., f. 254, . . . . . . .37
27. Natica pallida, Brod. and Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 137, 37
28. Natica suturalis, Gray (= pallida). Zool. Beechey's
Yoy.,t. 37, f. 4, 37
29. Natica Largillierti, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, t.
12, f. 1, . . . 41
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 421
FIGURE. PAGE.
30. Natica Montagui, Forbes. Thes. Conch., f. .141, . . 31
31. Natica compacts, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,t. 4, f. 5, 1885, 38
32. Natica subplicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 4, f. 2, 1885, . 38
33. Natica angulata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 4, f. 3, 1885, . . 38
34. Natica globosa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 4, f. 4, 1885, . . 36
35. Natica Groenlandica, Beck. Thes. Conch., f. 140, . 37
PLATE 15.
36. Natica deiodosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 35 a, . . 42
37. Natica Mittrei, Hombr. (== aurantia, Lam.). Voy.
Astrol. et Zel., t. 16, f. 33, . . . , .42
38. Natica ravida, Souleyet. Conch. Icon., f. 68 a, . . 43
39. Natica aurantia, Lara. Ibid., f. 20, .... 42
40. Natica aurantia, var. straminea, Recluz. Ibid., f. 32, . 42
41. Natica citrina, Phil. (= aurantia). Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 19, f. 17 42
42. Natica Powisiana, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 22 6, . 42
43. Natica vestalis, Phil. (== mamilla, Linn.). Ibid., f. 386, 49
44. Natica Vavaosi, Guillou (= Fleraingiana, Reel.). Ibid.,
f. 99 a, 50
45. Natica Pfeifferi, Phil. (= lactea, Guild.), Kiister.
Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 12, 49
PLATE 16.
46. Natica mamilla, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 29, . . 49
47. Natica albula, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 23 6, . . 49
48. Natica pyritbrmis, Recluz. (= mamilla). Ibid., f. 16, 49
49. Natica candidissima, Le Guillou. Ibid., f. 28, . . 46
5fl. Natica dubia, Recluz. Ibid., f. 41, .... 47
51. Natica Flemingiana, Recluz. Ibid., f. 80, . . 50
52. Natica ochrostoma. Recluz. (= lactea, var.). Jour.
de Conch., i, t. 13, f. 10, 49
53. Natica galactites, Phil. (= Flemingiana). Kiister,
Conch. Cab.,t. 19, f. 10 . 50
54. Natica lactea, Guild. Ibid., t. 10, f. 2, . . . . 49
55. Natica porcellana,- Orb. (= lactea). "Conch. Icon.,
f. 102 a, . . . .;,.'. . . .49
56. Natica Caribaea, Phil. (= lactea). ,Ibid., f. 118, . . 49
57. Natica uberina, Orb. (= lactea). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
t. 10, f. 6, . . . . ' . . . . .49
58. Natica uberina (== cora, Orb.). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
t. 19, f. 16 4T
59. Natica puerilis, Gould (= lactea). Thes. Conch., f.
132, . 49
422 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
PLATE IT.
FIGURE. PAGE.
60. Natica Panamensis, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 11 6, . 48
61. Natica uber, Yal. Ibid., f. 54, 48
62. Natica Philippiana, Nyst (= lactea). Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 10, f. 5, . . . -. . . .49
63. Natica casta, Phil. Ibid., t. 17, f. 1, .... 47
64. Natica larvata, Canefri. Voy. Magenta, t. 1, f. 5, . 35
65. Natica alveata, Trosch. (= mamilla, Linn.). Archiv
Naturg., t. 5, f. 3, 1852, 49
66. Natica virginea, Reel. (= uber, Yal.). Jour, de Conch.,
i, t. 12, f. 6, 48
67. Natica rapulum, Reeve (= dubia, Reel.). Conch. Icon.,
f. 47,. , 47
68. Natica pyramis, Reeve. Ibid , f. 93 a, . . . . 44
69. Natica virginea, Phil. (= mamilla, Linn.). Ku'ster,
Conch. Cab., t. 12, f. 7, 49
70. Natica Salnngoensis, Recluz (= otis). Ibid., 1. 18, f. 13, 43
71. Natica Gallopagosa, Recluz (= otis). Conch. Icon.,
f. 86 6, 43
72. Natica otis, Brod. and Sowb. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t.
9, f. 4, -43
PLATE 18.
73. Natica amiculata, Phil. (== dubia, Reel.). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 14, f. 4, 47
74. Natica mamillaris, Lam. Conch. Icon , f. 29 a, . . 43
75. Natica bifasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 40, . . . .44
76. Natica conica, Lam. Ibid. , f . 486, . . . .44
77. Natica ustulata, Sowb. (= conica). Thes. Conch ,
f. 112. . . . . . . . . .44
78. Natica plumbea, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 34 ft, . . 44
79. Natica microstoma, Quoy (= plumbea). Kiiste*r, Conch.
Cab., t. 19, f. 14, 44
80. Natica Strangei, Reeve (= leucophoea). Conch. Icon.,
f. 816, ... . .... 45
81. Natica melastoma, Swains. Thes. Conch., f. 100, . 45
82. Natica leucophcea, Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 51 6, . . 45
83. Natica intemerata, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 1. 18, f. 10, 46
PLATE 19.
84. Natica elongata, Troschel (= cora). Archiv Naturg ,
t. 5, f. 2 a, 1852, . . . 47
85. Natica puella, Phil. (= lactea, Guild ). Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 10, f. 7, 49
86. Natica cora, d'Orb. Conch. Icon., f. 1226, ... 47
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 423
FIGURE. PAGB.
87. Natica suffusa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 139, . . . .44
88. Natica sordida, var. globosa (= plumbea). Zool.
Beeehey's Voy., t. 37, f. 5, ..... 44
89. Natica ianthostoma, Desh. (See pi. 9, f. 68). Guerin's
Mag., t. 45,1841, ....... 30
90. Natica melastoma, Swains. Conch. Icon., f. 78, . 45
( .)1. Natica perspicua, Recluz (= otis). Ibid.,f. 12,
92. Natica effusa, Swains. (= Powisiana). Thes. Conch.
f. 82, .........
93. Natica alabaster, Reeve (= intemerata). Conch Icon.
f. 33 6, . . . .....
( ,4. Natica Atacamensis, Phil. (= dubia). Reise Atacama
t. 7,f. 20, . . . .....
95. Natica Jukesii, Reeve (= candidissima). Conch. Icon.
f. 846, ........
96. Natica uni maculate, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 85 a,
43
42
46
47
46
46
97. Natica phytelephas, Reeve. Ibid., f. 42 a, . . .46
PLATE 20.
98. Natica solida, Blainv. Conch. Icon., f. 71 6, . . 45
99. Natica Cumingiana, Recluz (= Powisiana). Ibid.,
f. 13 a, ....... 42
100. Natica Draparnaudi, Recluz (= Powisiana). Ibid.,
f. 446, . . . . ..... 42
1. Natica orientalis, Gmelin. Ibid., f. 69 d, . .43
2. Natica orientalis, Gmelin. Thes. Conch., f. 66, . . 43
3. Natica zoologica, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5,
f. 16, .......... 46
4. Natica columnaris, Recluz. Thes. Conch., f. 37, . . 47
5. Natica albumen, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 316, . . 47
PLATE 21.
6. Natica pusilla, Say. Gould, Invert. Mass., 2d edit.,
f. 613, ......... 31
7. Natica D linker!, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 1. 19, f. 19, 45
8. Xatica sanguinolentn, Desh. (= melostoma). Guerin's
Magazine, t. 46, 1841, ..... -.45
9. Natica tennis, Phil. (= Fortune!, Reeve). Kiister's
Conch. Cab., t. 14, f . 3 ....... 37
10. Natica glabella. Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 124 6, 50
11. Natica glabella, Reeve. Tlies. Conch., f. 159, . . 50
12. Natica Masrellanica, Phil. (= Patagonia, Phil.). Toy.
Astrol. and Zelee. t. 16, f. 28 ...... 37
13. Natica melanostoma, Gmel. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. A,
f. 1, ...... . . . .50
424 REPEEENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAOW.
14. Natica melanostoma, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 72, . 50
15. Natica Zanzebarica, Reel. (= melanostoma, var.). Thes.
Conch., f. 73, 50
16. Natica Sebre, Soul. (= melanostoma, var.). Ibid. , f . 79, 50
17. Natica fibrosa, Soul. (= melanostoma, var.). Voy.
Bonite, t. 35, f. 9, 50
18. Natica succineoides, Reeve. (= melanostoma, var.).
Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 736, 50
19. Natica Sirnine, Desh. (= melanostoma, var.). Ibid.,
f. 76, . . 51
20. Natica Bernardii, Reel. (=== melanostoma, var.). Jour.
de Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 1, 51
PLATE 22.
21. Natica melanostomoides, Quoy (= melanostoma, var.).
Reeve, Icon., sp. 101, ...... 50
22. Natica filosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 74, . . .51
23. Natica Priamus, Recluz. Ibid., f. 23, . . . .51
24. Natica maura, Brug. Reeve, Icon , sp. 25 , . .51
25. Natica macrostoma, Phil. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 9.f. 1, 51
26. Natica umbilicata, Quoy. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 108 6, 52
27. Natica macrotrema, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang,
t. 13, f. 9, . .52
28. Natica fluctuata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 17, . .52
29. Natica Candida, Moller. Adams' Genera, t. 22, f. 9, . 52
30. Natica flava, Gould. Gould, Invert, Mass., 2d cd , f. 616, 52
31. Natica helicoides, Johnson. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f.
1446, . . 53
32. Natica purpurea, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch. ,vii,t. 15, f. 16, 53
33. Natica globulus, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 40, f. 5, 1880, 53
34. Sigaretus haliotoides, Reeve (== concavus 1 ). Conch.
Icon., f. 4 a, . . . . . . .55
35. Sigaretus neritoides, Linn. Ibid., f. 5 6, . . .55
PLATE 23.
36. Sigaretus concavus, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 3 a, 55
37. Sigaretus concavus, Lam. Chenu, 111. Conch., iii, f.il, 55
38. Si^aretus latifasciatus, Ad. and Reeve (= neritoides).
Voy. Samarang, t. 13, f. 11, 55
39. Sigaretus Javanicus, Gray (= neritoides). Conch.
Icon., f. 8 a, 55
40. Sigaretus insculptus, Ad. and Reeve (= neritoides).
Voy. Samarang, t. 13, f. 10, 55
41. Natica Martinianus, Phil. Conch. Icon., f. 2 a, . . 56
42. Natica Martinianus, Phil. Thes. Conch., f. 28, . . 56
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 425
'IGURE. PAGE.
43. Sigaretus unifasciatus,Kecl. Chenu,Ill. Conch., f. 1 a, 56
44-46. Sigaretus Japonicus, Lischke. Kiister, Conch.
Cab., t. 7, f. 7-9, 55
PLATE 24.
47. Sigaretus laevigatus, Lam. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 2,
f. 3, 55
48, 49. Sigaretus laevigatus, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
f. I a, 6, 55
50. Sigaretus australis, ILmley (hevigatus). Ibid., f. 15 a, 55
51. Sigaretus zonalis, Q.uoy (= laevigatus). Ibid., f. 66, . 55
52. 53. Sigaretus eximius. Reeve. Ibid., f. 22 a, 6, . .56
54. Sigaretus argenteus, Reeve (= eximius). Ibid. ,f. 25 a, 56
55, 56. Sigaretus Cuvierianus, Recluz. Reeve, Icon., f.
126,0, 55
57. Sigaretus macnlatus, Say. Thes. Conch., f. 2, . . 56
58. Sigaretus maculatus, 8:13*. Am. Conch., t. 25, . . 56
59. 60. Sisraretus bilasciatus, Reel. Jour, de Conch., ii, t.
6, f. 4, 3, 56
61. Sigaretus perspectives, S&y. Thes. Conch., f. 24, . 57
62, 63. Sigaretus sinuatus, Recluz. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
t. 8, f. 7, 9, . . . . . . .56
64. Sigaretus perspectives, Say. Conch. Icon., f. 16, . 57
65. Sigaretus debilis, Gould. Specimen, . . . .57
66-1 8. Sigaretus- Philippii, Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch.
Cab., t, 5, f. 1-3, 57
69. Sigaretus incisus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 11, . .57
PLATE 25.
70-72. Sigaretus undulatus, Lischke (= incisus). Kiister,
Conch. Cab, t. 7, f. 10-12, 57
73. Sigaretus Delesserti, Recluz. 111. Conch., iii, f. 8 a, . 58
74. Sigaretus Delesserti, Recluz. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t.
4, f. 6 58
75. 76. Sigaretus planulatus, Recluz. Conch. Icon.,f. 7 tf, 6, 58
77. Sigaretus lacteus, Recluz (= planulatus). Kiister,
Conch. Cab., t. 8, f. 1, . . . . .58
78. Sigaretus papilla, Gmel. Conch. Icon., f. 19 a, . .. 58
79. Sigaretus coarctatus, Reeve (= papilla, Gmel.). Ibid.,
f. 176 58
82. Sigaretus tumescens, Reeve. Ibid., f. 18 6, . . . 58
53. Sigaretus oblongus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 21 6, . . . 58
84. Sigaretus petlucidus, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 23 6, . 59
85,86. Sigaretus mamillaris. Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 41,42, 59
87. Sigaretus nitidus, Reeve (= papilla). Ibid., f. 35, . 58
426 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
88. Sigaretus acuminatus, Ads. and Reeve (= papilla.).
Ibid., f. 43 58
89. Sigaretus Linneanus, Recluz. Chenu, 111. Conch., iii,
"f. 4 a, . 59
90. Sigaretus Lamarckianus, Rccluz (= Linneanus). Ibid.,
f. 5a, 59
91. Sigaretus fibula, Reeve. Tbes. Conch., f. 39, . . 59
92. Sigaretus pictus, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 a, . . 59
PLATE 26.
93-95. Lamellaria latens, Mull. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 12,
f. 4, 60
96, 97. Lamellaria perspicua, Linn. Forbes and Hanlev,
t. 99, f. 8, 9, 60
98. Lamellaria tentaculata, F. and H. (= latens). Ibid.,
t. 99, f. 10, 60
99. Lamellaria zonifera, Bergh (= perspicua, var.). Mem.
Copenh., 5 ser., iii, t. 5, f. 8, . . . .60
100. Lamellaria pellucida, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v,
t. 58. f. 5, . 61
1, 2. Lamellaria tennis, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 5,
1885, 61
3, 4. Lamellaria Antarctica, Couthouy. Wilkes' Expl.
Exped., f. 259 a, 6, . . . ' . . .61
5. Lamellaria pnetenuis, Couthouy. Ibid., f. 260, . . 61
6-8. Lamellaria Patagonica, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 9,
1881, 62
9, 10. Lamellaria Berghi, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 9, f.
19,20, 62
11. Lamellaria Tongana, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol.,t.66,bis,f. 5, 62
PLATE 27.
12, 13. Lamellaria Stearnsi, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii,
t. 15, f. 2, 6, 63
14, 15. Lamellaria Tongana, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol., t. 66,
bis, f. 7, 8, .62
16. Lamellaria nigra, Blainv. Blainv. Malacol., t. 42, f. 1, 62
17. Lamellaria Mauritiana, Bergh. Yoy. Astrol., t. 66,
bis, f. 9, 62
18. Lamellaria Cuvieri, Bergh (= Tongana). Cuvier,
Anim. Kingd., 2d Edit., iii, t. 14, f. 4, . .62
19. Lamellaria isabellina, Bergh. Semper's Philipp., t. 41,
f. 8, . .62
20. Lamellaria gemma, Bergh. Ibid., t. 41, f. 7, . . 63
21. 22. Lamellaria Diegoensis, Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
viii, t. 24, f. 2, 3, 63
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 427
FIGURE. PAOK.
23. Lainellaria Semper!, Bergh. Semper's Philipp.,t. 41, f. 9, 63
2-4, 25 Lamellaria rhombica, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii,
t. 15, f. 4, 5, 64
26. Lamellnria glabra, Couthouy. Gould, Invert. Mag.,
2d Edit., f. 607, 64
27. Lamellaria micromphala, Bergh. Mem. Copcnh.,5 ser.,
iii, t. 4, f. 3, 64
28. Lamelluria micfomphala, Bergh. Sars., Moll. Norv.,
t. 21. f. 10 a, . 64
29. 30. Lamellaria 'Groenlandica, Moller. Ibid., t. 21, f. 11, 64
PLATE 28.
31, 32. Lamellaria prodita, Loven. Trans. Conn. A cad.,
v, t. 42, f. 2, 64
33, 34. Lamellaria ampla, Yerrill. Ibid., t. 42. f. 3, . .64
35, 36. Oncidiopsis glacialis, JSars. Sars, Moll. Norv., 1. 12,
f. 6, 64
37, 38. Oneidiopsis Grcenlamlica, Bergh. Mem. Copenh.,
5 ser., iii, t. 2, f. 2, 5, 65
39. Oneidiopsis carnea, Kroyer. Ibid., t. 3, f. 3, . . 65
40. Caledoniella Montrouzieri, Souverb. Jour, de Conch.,
t. 9, f. 4, 1870, . 65
41-43. Yelutina Irevigata, Pennant. Forbes and Hanley,
t. 99, f. 4,5; t. 00, f. 7, ...... 65
44, 48. Velutina Miilleri. Desh. (= laevigata). Gnerin's
Mag., t. 28, 1841, ' 67
45-47. Velutina cryptospira, Midd. Middendorff's Reise,
t. 25, f. 8-10, < 67
49. 50. Velutina coriacea, Pallas. Nov. Act. Acacl. Petrop.,
11, t. 7,f. 32, 33, 67
51,52. Velutina lanigera, Moller. Sars, Moll. Norv., t.
12, f. 3, 66
53. Velutina expansa. Sars (= zonata). Ibid , t. 21, f. 6, 66
54. Velutina zonata, Gould. Gould, Invert. Mass.. 2d ed.,
f. 606, .... . ... 66
55-57. Velutina flexilis, Mont. (= plicatilis), Forbes and
Hanley, t. 99, f. 6, 7 ; t. 00, f. 6 6, . ' . . . 67
58. Velutina Bernardii, Martens. Archly fiir Naturg , t.
4, f. 3, 1858, 67
59. Velutina solida, Martens (= Isevigata). Ibid., t. 4, f. 2,
1858, 65
PLATE 29.
60. Vanikoro cancellata, Lam. Voy. Astrol., t. 66 bis, f. 20, 68
61. Vanikoro cancellata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 1 6, . . 68
62. Vanikoro Gueriniana, Recluz. Ibid., f. 2, . . .68
428 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIOTTRB. PAGE.
63. Vunikoro rugata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 8 6, . . . .68
64. Vanikoro cidaris, Reclnz. Conch. Icon., f. 4, . . 68
65. Vanikoro liorata, Rccluz. Ibid., f . 6 68
66. Vanikoro Petitiana, Rccluz. (=lis;ata). Reeve, Icon.,
f. 5, C8
67. Vanikoro plicata, Reel. (= liorata,). Ibid., f. 3, . . 68
68. Vanikoro helicoides, Reel. (= ligata). Thes. Conch.,
f. '20, 68
69. Vanikoro Desha} r esiana, Reel. (=ligata). Reeve. Icon.,
f. 12, . .08
70. Vanikoro Souleyetiana, Reel. (== ligata). Ibid., f. 11, 68
71. Vanikoro BlainVillinna, Reel. ( ligata). Guerin's
Mag., t. 131, f. 2, 1845, ... . 68
72. Vanikoro delicata, Pease (= ligata). Am. Jour.
Conch., Hi, t. 23, f. 25, . . . . . . 68
73. Vanikoro clathrata, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 14, . 68
74. Vanikoro gran ulosa, Reel. (= clathrata). Reeve, f. 16, 68
75. Vanikoro semiplicata, Pease (= clathrata). Thes.
Conch., f. 5, . . ' . . . .68
76. Vanikoro Cumingiana, Reel. (= clathrata). Guerin's
Mag., t. 124, f. 1, 1845, G8
77. Vanikoro granifera, Pease (= clathrata). Am. Jour.
Conch., v, t. 8, f. 13 68
78,79. Vanikoro sulcata,d'0rb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 26, 28, 69
80. Vanikoro striata, d'Orb. Ibid., t. 17, f. 29, . . . 69
81. Vanikoro lamellosa, d'Orb. (= striata). Ibid., t. 17,
f. 32 69
82. Vanikoro rosea, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 15, . . 69
84. Vanikoro elata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 23 69
83. Vanikoro disparilis, Desh. (= clathrata). Conch. He
Reunion, ......... 68
85. Vanikoro acuta, Recluz. Thes. Conch., f. 12, . . 69
86. Vanikoro imbricata, Pease (= acuta). Ibid., f. 11, . 69
87. Vanikoro Recluziana, Ads. and Angas. Ibid., f. 2, . 70
88. Vanikoro solida, Sowb. Ibid.,f. 1 70
89. Vanikoro sernisoluta, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 246, 70
90. Vanikoro Orbignyana, Ricluz. Guerin's Mag., t. 124,
f. 2, 1845, . ' . . 70
91. Vanikoro Gaimardi, Ads. (= Orbignyana). Conch.
Icon., f. 9,. . 70
92. Vanikoro tricarinata, Reel. (= Orbignyana). Thes.
Conch., f. 24, . . . . . " . . .70
93. Vanikoro distans, Recluz. Conch. Icon., f. 13 6, . 70
94. Vanikoro Cuvieriana, Recluz. Thes. Conch., f. 23, . 70
95. Vanikoro foveolata, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser.,
vi, t. 6, f. 6, .70
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 429
PLATE 30.
FIGURE. PAGE.
1. Harttia Matthewi, Walcott. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv.,
x, t. l,f, 3, . 109
2. Crucibulum peziza, Gray. Dentition. Troschel, Gebiss
Schneck., i, t. 13, f. 5, 102
3. Calyptnea Chinensis, Dentition. Ibid., t. 13, f. 7, . 103
4. Crepidula fornicata, Linn., Dentition. Ibid., t. 13, f. 9, 103
5. Capulus Hungaricus, Linn., Dentition. Ibid., t. 13, f. 14, 105
6. Hipponyxconicus, Schom., Dentition. Ibid., t. 13, f. 15, 108
7. Calyptraea Chinensis, Linn. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., t. BB, f. 8, 103, . . . . * . .119
8. Xenophora trochiformis, Born. Troschel, Gebiss der
Schnecken, i, t. IB, f. 7, 156
9. Yermetus gigas, Qtioy. Ibid , t. 13, f. 4, . . 163
10. Vermetus gigas. Part of jaw. Ibid., t. 13, f. 2, . .163
11. Turritella ungulina, Linn. Ibid., t. 12, f. 11, . .192
12. Turritella lactea, Miller. Ibid., t. 12, f. 13, . . 192
PLATE 31.
13-16. Crucibulum scutellatum,Gray. Sowb. Thes. Conch.,
t. 447, f. 1-4, .... ... 117
17. Crucibulum imbricatum,Brod. (=scutellatum). Conch.
Icon., f. 9a, 117
18,19. Crucibulum corrugatum, Carp. ( scutellatura).
Thes Conch., t. 448, f. 33, 36, 117
20. Crucibulum umbrella, Desh. (= scutellatum). Conch.
Icon., f. 0, . 117
21,22. Crucibulum concameratum, Rve. (= scutellatum).
Ibid.,f. 23, .117
23. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. (= scutellatum). Trans.
Zool. Soc.,i, t. 28, f. 1, 117
24. Crucibulum pectinatum, Carp. (= scutellatum). Conch.
Icon., f. 11 6, 117
PLATE 32.
25. Crucibulum trigonale, Ad. and Rve. (= scutellatum,
var.). Conch. Icon., f. 36, 117
26. Crucibulum ferrugineum, Reeve (= scutellatum). Ibid.,
f. 5a, 117
27. 28. Crucibulum lignaria. Brod. (= scutellatum). Trans.
Zool. Soc., i, t. 27, f. 8, . . 117
29. Crucibulum tenue, Brod. (= scutellatum). Ibid., t.
27, f. 9, 117
430 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
30, 31. Cruel bulum spectrum, Rve. (= scutellatum). Thes.
Conch., t. 448, f. 19, 20, 117
32, 33. Crucibulum auritum, Rve. (= tubiferum, Less.).
Conch. Icon., f. 17 a, 6, ...... 117
34, 35. Crucibulum auriculatum, Chemn. Ibid., f. 15, a, 6, 117
36, 37. Crucibulum violaceum, Carp. (=scutellatum). Ibid.,
f. 12 o, 6, 117
38. Crucibulum spinosum, Sowb. (= tubiferum). Ibid., f.
lOrf, 117
PLATE 33.
39. Crucibulum cinereum, Reeve (= tubiferum). Reeve,
Conch. Icon., f. 10 g,. . . . . . .117
40. 41. Crucibulum spinosum, Sowb. (= tubiferum). Trans.
Zool. Soc., i, t. 28, f. 8, 117
42. Crucibulum hispida, Brod. (= tubiferum). Ibid., t.
27, f. 10, . . . . . . . ' . 117
43. Crucibulum maculatum, Brod. (= tubiferum). Ibid.,
t. 27, f. 11, 117
44. 45. Crucibulum striatum, Say. Thes. Conch., t. 449,
f. 39, 40, 118
46, 47. Crucibulum extinctorium, Lam. Ibid., t. 449, f. 55,
58, .... 119
48, 49. Crucibulnm morbidum, Reeve (= extinctorium).
Conch. Icon., f. 24, 119
50, 51. Crucibulum lividum, Rve. (= extinctorium). Ibid.,
f. 25, 119
52, 53. Crucibulum radiatum, Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., t.
27, f. 6, 119
54,55. Crucibulum verrucosum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 19, 119
PLATE 34.
56, 57. Calyptnca Sinensis, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 5, .119
58,59. Calyptrsea subreflexa, Carp. Ibid., f. 17, . . 120
60, 61. Calyptraaa pellucida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 2, . .120
62, 63. Calyptrsea conica, Brod. Ibid., f. 13 a, b, . .120
64, 65. Calyptraea mamillaris, Brod. Ibid., f. 12 a, 5, . 120
66, 67. Calyptraea fastigiata, Gld. (= mamillaris). Moll.
Wilkes'Expl. Exped., f. 484, 120
68, 69. Calyptrsea solida, Reeve) = mamillaris). Conch.
Icon., f. 10, 120
70,71. Calyptrsea lichen, Brod. (= mamillaris). Trans.
Zool'. Soc., i, t. 28, f. 4, 120
73, 73. Calyptrsea unguis, Brod. (= mamillaris). Ibid., t.
28, f. 3, 120
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 431
FIGURE. PAGE.
74, 75. Calyptrsea poculum, Rve. (= mamillaris). Conch.
Icon., f. 1, 120
76, 77. Calyptnea Candeana, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 24, f.
27,28, ... 121
78,79. Calyptraeaclypeoluin,Rve. (= mamillaris). Conch.
Icon., f. 14, 120
80,81. Calyptraea aspersa, Ads. (= mamillaris). Ibid., f. 4, 120
82, 83. Calyptraea lamellosa, A. Ad. (= Candeana;. Thes.
Conch., t, 449, f. 41, .. . . . .121
PLATE 35.
84, 85. Infundibulum radians, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 451,
f. 95, 96, 121
86. Infundibulum sordida, Brod. (= radians). Trans.
Zool. Soc., i, t. 28, f. 2 121
87. Infundibulum spirata, Forbes (= radians). Thes.
Conch., t. 451, f. 97, 121
88. Infundibulum corrugata, Rve. (= radians). Conch.,
Icon.,f. 96, 121
89. 90. Infundibulum intermedia, d'Orb. Voy. Amer.
Merid., t. 59, f. 5, 6, 122
91, 100. Infundibulum pileolus, d'Orb. Ibid.,t. 78, f. 6, . 122
92, 93. Infundibulum helicoidea, Sowb. Thes. Conch., t.
449, f. 53, 54, 122
94, 95. Infundibulum lateralis, Sowb. Ibid., t. 450, f.
93, 94 .122
96, 97, 98. Infundibulum tomentosa, Quoy (= calyptrae-
formis). Yoy. Astrol., t. 72, f. 1, 2, 3, . . . 122
99. Infundibulum maculata, Quoy (Calyptraeformis). Ibid.,
t. 72, f. 7, .122
PLATE 36.
1. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Specimen, . . .124
2. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 15 a, . 124
3. Crepidula fornicata, Linn. Thes. Conch., t. 452, f. 118, 124
4. 5. Crepidula arenata, Brod. (= fornicata). Trans.
Zool. Soc., i, t. 29, f. 8, 124
6, 7. Crepidula Patagonica, d'Orb. (= fornicata). Voy.
Amer. Merid., t. 58, f. I, 3, . . . ' . .124
8. Crepidula Aplysioides, Rve. (= fornicata). Conch.
Icon., f. 19, 124
9. Crepidula glauca, Say. Am. Mar. Conch., t. 12, f. 189, 125
10. Crepidula convexa, Say. Ibid., f. 188, . . .125
11, 12. Crepidula adspersa, Bunker. Moll. Guinea, t. 5, f.
16, 28, 125
432 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE.
13, 14. Crepidula lentiginosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 453,
f. 130, 125
15, 16. Crepidula Capensis, Qnoy. Yoy. Astrol., t. 72, f.
13, 14, 125
17. Crepidula Moulinsii. Michaud. Bull. Linn. Soc. Bord.-,
iii, t. 1, f. 9, . 126
18, 19. Crepidula Lessoni, Brod. Conch. Icon., f. 16, . 1-26
20, 21. Crepidula timbriata, live (= Lessoni). lbid.,f. 11, 126
PLATE 37.
22. Crepidula porcellana, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 2 a, . 126
23. Crepidula squama, Brod. (= Lessoni). Ibid., f. 5, . 126
24. 25. Crepidula explanata, Old. (Lessoni). Mex. Shells,
t. 14, f. 7, 126
26, 27. Crepidula bilobata, Gray (= dorsuta). Conch.
Icon., f. 29, . . 127
28. Crepidula foliacea, Brod. (= dorsata). Trans. Zool.
Soc., i, t. 28, f. 9, 127
29, 30. Crepidula strigata, Brod. (= dorsata). Ibid., t.
28, f. 12, . . . . . . . . . 127
31. Crepidula dilatata,, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 3 a, . \. 127
32. Crepidula pallida, Brod. (=dilatata). Conch. Icon.,f. 26, 127
33. Crepidula grandis, Middendorff (== dilatata). Mai.
Ross., t. 11, f. 8, . 127
34. Crepidula nummaria, Gld. (= dilatata). Moll. Wilkes'
Exped., f. 480, 127
35. 36. Crepidula contorta, Quoy (= monoxyla). Yoy.
Astrol., t. 72, f. 15, 16, 128
37. Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. ( onyx, Sowb.) Conch.
Icon., f. 106, . . . * 128
38. Crepidula hepatica, Desh. (= onyx). Ibid., f. 23, . 128
39. 40. Crepidula incurva, Brod. (=adunca, Sowb.). Trans.
Zool. Soc.,i,t. 29, f. 6, 129
PLATE 38.
41. Crepidula dorsata, Brod. Trans. Zool. Soc., i,t. 28, f. 10, 127
42. Crepidula minuta, Midd. (= dilatata). Mai. Boss., t.
11, f. 6, 127
43. 44. Crepidula onyx, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 9, . . 128
45. Crepidula complanata, Krauss. (=onyx). Sudaf. Moll.,
t. 4, f. 12, 128
46, 47. Crepidula immersa, Angas (== onyx). Zool. Proc.,
t. 2, f. 12, 1865, 128
48, 49. Crepidula marginalia, Brod. (= onyx). Trans.
Zool. Soc., i, t. 29, f. 9, . . . ' . . .128
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 433
FIGURE. PAGE.
50. Crepidula lirata, Reeve (= onyx). Conch. Icon.,f. 30, 128
51. Crepidula adunca, Sowb. Ibid., f.. 12, . . .129
52. Crepidula solida, Hinds (= adunca). Voy. Sulphur.,
t. 16, f. 8 . . .129
53. 53 a. Crepidula rostriformis, Gld. (= adunca). Wilkes'
Exped. Moll., f. 482, . . .129
54. 55. Crepidula excavata, Brod. (= adunca). Conch.
Icon., f. 4, 129
56, 57. Crepidula Walshii, Hermannson. Ibid., f. 17, . 130
58. Crepidula scabies, Rve. (= Walshii). Ibid., f. 18, . 130
PLATE 39.
59. Crepidula Sitchana, Midd. (== onyx). Mai. Ross., t.
11, f. 3, 128
60. Crepidula fissurata, Sowb. (= adunca). Thes. Conch.,
f. 151, 129
61. 62. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Conch. Icon., f. 22 a, 6, 129
63. Crepidula echinus, Brod. (= aculeata). Trans. Zool.
Soc., i, t. 29, f. 1, 129
64. Crepidula hystrix, Brod. (= aculeata). Ibid., t. 29, f. 2, 129
65. Crepidula costata,Mke.(==aculeata). Conch. Icon.,f. 21. 129
66. Crepidula unguiforinis, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 453,
f. 140, .130
67. 68. Crepidula Deshayesii, Folin (= unguiformis). M-
leagrinicoles, t. 4, f. 9, 10, 130
69, 70, 71. Crepidula Chinensis, Gray. Thes. Conch., t.
453, f. 152, 153, 130
72-74. Capulus Hungaricus, Linn. Forbes and Hanley,
Brit. Moll., t. 60, f. 1, 2 ; t. oc, f. 5, . . . . 131
75. Capulus intortus, Lam. Moll. Cuba, t. 24, f. 22, . 131
76. Capulus liberatus, Pease (= intortus). Am." Jour.
Conch., iii, t. 24, f. 2, 131
77. 78. Capulus badius, Dunker. Moll. Maris Japon., 1. 13,
f. 16, 17, 132
79, 80. Capulus sagittifer, Gould. Moll. Wilkes' Exped.,
f. 486 132
81. Capulus violaceus,Angas. Zool. Proc.,t. 13, f. 23, 1867, 132
PLATE 40.
82, 83. Capulus Ungaricoides, d'Orb. Voy Amer. merid.,
t. 78, f. 4, 131
84, 85. Capulus dilatatus, A. Ad. (== radiatus). Moll. Mar.
Japon., t. 12, f. 13, 14, 132
86, 87. Capulus commodum, Midd. (= radiatus). Reise,
t. 17, f. 4, 5, 132
28
434 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
88. Capulus astericola, Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang,
t. 11, f. 1, . .133
89, 90. Araathina tricarinata, Gmel. Adams' Genera, t. 41,
f. 2, i 133
91. Amathina nobilis, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1. 19, f. 27, 1867, 133
92. Amathina angustata, Souv-erbie. Jour, de Conch., 1. 1,
f. 6, 1877,' 133
93. 94. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Fischer's Manuel,
f. 519, 134
95, 96. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Adams' Genera, t. 41,
f. 3, . . . v 134
97. Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Specimen,
98. Hipponyx foliaceus, Quoy (= antiquatus). Yoy. Astrol.,
t. 72,' f. 42, J34
99. Hipponyx Chamaeformis, Rocheb. (= antiquatus).
Nouv. Arch. Mus., 2d ser., iv, t. 18, f. 11, . . 134
100. Hipponyx serratus, Carp. Specimen, .... 134
1. Hipponyx subrufus, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 73, f. 22, . 134
2. Hipponyx barbatus, Sowb, Ibid., t. 73, f. 26, . . 135
3. Hipponyx pilosus,Desh. (= barbatus). Guerin's Mag.,
t. 9, 1831, -.135
4. 5. Hipponyx radiatus, Gray (= Grayanus, Mke.).
Thes. Conch., i, t. 73, f. 24, 25, . . . . 135
6. Hipponyx Cranioides, Carp. Specimen, . . .135
7. Hipponyx tumens, Carp. (= Cranioides). Specimen, 135
PLATE 41.
8. Hipponyx radiatus, Quoy and Gaimard. Yoy. Uranie
t. 69, f. 4, '
9-11. Hipponyx Australis, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol., t. 72
f. 25, 27, 33, .
12, 13. Hipponyx acutus, Quoy (= Australis). Ibid. ,t. 72
f. 36, 37, . . . .
14, 15. Hipponyx suturalis, Quoy (= Australis). Ibid.
t. 72, f. 39, 40, .. . * .
16, 17. Hipponyx imbricatus, Gould. Moll. Wilkes'Exped.
f. 490,
18, 19. Hipponyx crystallinus, Gould. Ibid., f. 489,
20. Hipponyx granulatus, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t 20, f. 3
1853, .
21, 22. Hipponyx Danieli, Crosse. Guerin's Mag., t. 3, f. 2
1858,
23, 24. Hipponyx Ticaonicus, Sowb. Thes. Conch. ,i, t. 73
f. 28, 29,
135
136
136
136
136
136
136
136
136
25, 26. Mitrularia equestris, Linn. Thes. Conch., t. 445,
f. 1, 2 137
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 435
FIGURE. PAGE.
27. Mitrularia umbo, Reeve (= equestris). Conch. Icon.,
f. 33, 137
28,29. Mitrularia scutulum, Rve. (=equestris). Ibid. , f . 30, 137
30. Mitrularia cepacea, Brod. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 14, . 137
31. Mitrularia stella, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., f. 24, . 137
32? Mitrularia granulata, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 3,
1853, 136
PLATE 42.
33. Mitrularia Layardi, Rve. (= equestris). Conch. Icon.,
f. 28, 137
34. Mitrularia alveolata, A. Ad. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 8, 137
35. Mitrularia varia, Brod. (== equestris). Ibid., f. 250, . 137
36. Mitrularia Adamsi, Rve. (== equestris). Ibid., f. 7 a, . 137
37. Mitrularia cancellata, Ad. and Reeve (= equestris).
Ibid., f. 27 a, . . . . . / 137
38. Mitrularia \ r anikorensis, Quoy (= equestris). Ibid.,
f. 32 6, . . / 137
39. Mitrularia ossea, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., f. 19 6, . 137
,40, 41. Mitrularia Hipponiciformis, Reeve (= equestris).
Ibid., f. 26 a, b, . . 137
42. Mitrularia cyathella, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 29 a, 137
43. Mitrularia bulla, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid!, f. 4 c, . 137
44. Mitrularia stultorum, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid.,f. 12 a, 137
45. 46.' Mitrularia Ton^ana, Quoy (= equestris). Voy.
Astrol., t. 72. f. 17, 18, . . . . . 137
47, 48. Mitrularia Pileopsis, Quoy (= equestris). Ibid.,
t, 72, f. 19, 20, . . . ... . . . 137
49-51. Mitrularia chlorina, Gould (= equestris). Moll.
Wilkes' Exped., f. 487, 137
52. Mitrularia radiosa, Gould (= equestris). Ibid., f. 488 6, 137
53. Mitrularia tortilis, Rve. (= equestris). Conch. Icon.,
f. 2 6, . . . 137
54. Mitrularia diaphana, Rve. (== equestris). Ibid., f. 23 a, 137
55. Mitrularia Martiniana, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 13 a, 137
56. Mitrularia cicatricosa, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid.,f. 3 a, 137
PLATE 43.
57. Mitrularia uncinata, Rve. (= equestris). Conch. Icon.,
f. 17 a, . . . 137
58. 59. Mitrularia papyracea, A. Ad. (= equestris). Ibid.,
f. 6 a 6, .137
60. Mitrularia dormitoria, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 5 6, 137
61,62. Mitrularia cornea, Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 22 a, 6, 137
63. Mitrularia sacchariineta, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid.,
f. 15 a, 137
436 REFERENCE To PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
64. Mitrulariabalanoides,Rve. (= equestris). Ibid., f. 21 6, 137
65, 66. Mitrularia porosa, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid., f.
20 a, 6, 1ST
67. Mitrularia fibulata, Reeve (== equestris). Conch. Icon.,
f. lla,6, 137
68, 69. Mitrularia corrugata, Brod. Ibid., f. 18 a, 6, . . 138
70. Mitrularia aculeata, Reeve (= equestris). Ibid. ,f. 31 a, 137
71, 72, 73. Mitrularia tectum-Sinense, Lam. Thes. Conch.,
t. 446, f. 30, 33, 34, 139
74. Mitrularia scabies, Reeve (= tecturn-Sinense). Conch.
Icon., f. 166, 139
XENOPHORIDJE.
PLATE 44.
75, 76. Xenophora calculifera, Reeve. Kiener, Trochus,
t. 7,f. 1, 159
77. Xenophora solaroides, Reeve. Kiister, Xenoph., t. 47
f. 6,
78. Xenophora caperata, Phil. Kiener, Trochus, t. 79, f. 1
79. Xenophora pallidula, Reeve. Ibid., t. 54,
159
159
160
80. Xenophora caperata, Phil. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., i
t. 10, f. 5, 159
PLATE 45.
81, 82. Xenophora corrugata, Reeve. Kiener, I. 8; Reeve,
Icon., f. 6, 159
83. Xenophora caperata, Phil. Kiener, Iconog., t. 79, f. 1, 159
84. Xenophora cerea, Reeve. Kiister, Trochus, t. 48, f. 3, 160
85. Xenophora Mediterranea, Tiberi (= crispa, Konig).
Kiener, Trochus, t. 66, f. 1 160
86. 87. Xenophora Senegalensis, Fischer. Ibid., t. 65, f. 2, 160
PLATE 46.
88. Xenophora Mediterranea, Tiberi. Kiener, Trochus
t. 66, f. 1, .
89. Xenophora onustus, Rve. (== conchyliophorus). Reeve
Phorus, f. 3 a, .
90. 91. Xenophora exuta, Reeve. Kiener, Trochus, t. 22
f. 1.
100
161
161
92, 93. Xenophora Indica, Gmel. Ibid., t. 9, f. 1, . . 161
PLATE 47.
94, 95. Xenophora Australis, Sowb. Kiener, Trochus, t. 66,
f. 2, 160
96. Xenophora helvacea, Phil. Ibid., t. 53, '. . .162
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 437
FIGURE. PAGE.
97, 98. Xenopbora Caribaea, Petit. Ibid., t. 65, f. 1, .162
99, 100. Xenophora Lamberti, Souverbie. Ibid., t. 44, f. 1, 162
1, 2. Xenophora Solaris, Linn. Reeve, Phorus, f. 5 a, 6, 162
VERMETIDJE.
PLATE 48.
5. Vermetus gigas, Quoy. Voy. Astrolabe, t. 67, f. 13, . 163
6. Verinetus triqueter, Bivona. Embryo. S, velum;
br., branchiae ; e, eye ; f, cephalic tentacle ; p, an-
terior portion of foot (Lacaze-Duthiers). Fischer's
Manuel, pt. viii, p. 690, f. 460, . . t . . .163
7. Vermetus triqueter, Bivona. Animal: m, columellar
muscle ; t, cephalic tentacle ; t p, pedal tentacles ;
op, operculum ; o, ova-capsules, attached in the
interior of the shell (Lacaze-Duthiers). Fischer's
Manuel, pt. viii, 691, f. 461, 163
8. Vermetus maxim us, Sowb. Operculum. Ibid., viii,
692, f. 463, . . 163
9. 10. Siliquaria Bernardii, Morel. Operculum, enlarged.
Ibid., viii, 693, f. 464, 1G3
11. Vermetus varians, Orb., var. Carpenteri. Section,
showing internal lamellae. Zool. Proc., 317, f. 4,
1856, . . 170
12. Vermetus renisectus, Carp. (= Adansoni). Ibid., f. 5, 169
13. Vermetus Nerinoides, Carp. Ibid., f. 6, . . .171
14. Vermetus octosectus, Carp. Ibid., f. 8, . . .171
15. Verinetus cereus, Carp. Ibid., f. 7, .... 172
16. Vermetus macrophracrma, Carp. Ibid , f. 1, . .173
17. Vermetus cochlidium, Carp. Ibid., f. 2, . . . 173
18. Vermetus flavescens, Carp. Ibid., f. 3, . . . 174
19. Vermetus Cuvieri, Risso. Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur.
Merid.,iv, f. 16, 183
PLATE 49.
20. Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy (= Adansonii). Cheuu,
Illust. Conch., i, t. 5, f. 1, 169
21. Vermetus lumbricalis, Roissy (= Lamarckii, Morck).
Ibid., t. 5, f. 1 c, 169
22. 23. Vermetus varians, d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., t.
54, f. 7, 8, 170
24. Vermetus conicus, Dillw. Gualtieri, t. 10, f. Z, . .170
25,26. Vermetus glomeratus (== renisectus, Morch). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 2, f. 2 a, c?, 170
27. Vermetus contortns, Carp. Specimen, . . .171
438 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
PIOTTRK. PAGE.
28, 29. Yermetus Nerinoides, Carp. Ads. Genera, t. 137,
f. 10, HI
30. Yermetus carinatus, Quoy. Yoy. Astrolabe, t. 67, f.
24, 26, 172
31. Yermetus lilacinus, Morch. Humphrey and Da Costa,
t. 11, f. 17, . 172
32. Yermetus subcancellatus, Bivona. Chiaje, Test. Sicil.,
t. 57, f. 18, 172
33. Yermetus Lispe, Adans. (=vermicella, Linn.). Adan-
son, Hist. Nat. Senegal, t. 11, f. 2, . . . .173
34. Yermetus anellum, Morch. Specimen, . . .173
35. Yermetus Panamensis, Rouss. (= centiquadrus). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 5, f. 1 6, 174
PLATE 50.
36. Yermetus effusus, Yal. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 5, f. 4, 1 74
37. Yermetus angulatus, Rouss. Ibid., t. 5, f. 2, . .174
38. Yermetus Peronii, Yal. (= centiquadrus). Yo}\Yenus
t. 11, f. 3, .
39. Yermetus siphonata, Morch (= centiquadrus). Chenu
Illust. Conch., t. 4, f. 6,
40. Yermetus tulipa, Rouss. (= centiquadrus). Ibid., t. 1
f.2, ' . .
41. Yermetus triquetra, Bivona. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 21
42. Yermetus fascicularis,Mch. (= triquetra). Ibid.,i.t. 9
f. 22, .
174
174
174
176
176
PLATE 51.
43. Yermetus sipho, Lam. (= Rousseau, Yaill.). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 4, f. 3, upper, . .175
44. Yermetus semisurrectus, Bivona. Phil., Moll. Sicil., i,
t. 9, f. 19, 176
45. Yermetus Seguenzianus, Aradas. Aradas and Benoit.,
Moll. Sicil., t. 3, f. 6, 176
46. Yermetus Quoyi, H. and A. Ad. Adams 1 Genera, t. 39,
f. 3 a, 176
47. Yermetus Dofan, Adans. (= Goreensis). Adanson,
Moll. Senegal, t. 11, f. 3, 177
48. Yermetus Spiruliformis, De Serres. Ann. Sc. Nat., iv,
t. 8, f. 1, 1855, . . .177
49. Yermetus immersa, Morch. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., ix,
t. 116, f. 999, .177
50. Yermetus spirorbis, Sowb. Sowerby, Manual, t. 1, f. 8, 178
51. Yermetus corrodens, Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 18, f. 2, .178
52. Yermetus irregularis, Orb. Ibid., t. 17, f. 16, . .178
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 439
IGTTRK. PAGE.
53. Yermetus glomeratus, Bivona. Philippi, Moll. Sicil., i,
t. 9, f. 23, 178
PLATE 52.
54. Vermetus Ammonitiformis, Serres. Ann. Sci. Nat., iv,
t. 8, f. 2, 1855, .... ... 177
55-57. Yermetus glomeratus, Bivona. Adams' Genera,
t. 39, f. 1 178
58. Yermetus annulatus, Lam. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t. 2, f. 1, 178
59. Yermetus planorbis, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 2, f. 16, 178
60. Yermetus polyphragma, Sassi. Chiaje, Test. Sicil., iii,
t. 57, f. 1, 179
61. Yermetus gigas, Gray. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 4, f. 5, 179
62. Yermetus aletes, Men. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 18, . .179
63. Yermetus dentiferus, Lam. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t. 4,f. 1, . 179
PLATE 53.
64. Yermetus Novae-Hollandise, Rouss. Chenu, Illust.
Conch., t. l,f. 4, 179
65. Yermetus masier, Desh. Adanson, Hist. Nat. Seneg.,
t. 11, f. 5 180
66. Yermetus Brasiliensis, Rousseau. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t. 5, f. 5, . . 180
67. Yermetus atra, Rousseau. Ibid., t. 5, f. 3, . . .180
68. Yermetus imbricatus, Dunker. Moll. Japon. ,t. 2,f. 18, 180
69. 70. Yermetus nodoso-rugosus, Lischke. Jap. Meeres
Conch., i, t. 5, f. 1, 4, 180
71. Yermetus decussatus, Gmelin. Humphrey and Da
Costa, t. 10, f. 15, 181
72. Yermetus poritis, Rouss. (= decussatus). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 2, f. 3, 181
PLATE 54.
73. Yermetus squamigerus, Carp. Specimen, . . .181
74. Yermetus margaritarum, Yal. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t 4, f. 2 181
75. Yermetus Michaudi, Rouss. Ibid., t. 2, f. 5, . . 181
76. Yermetus poritis, Rouss. Ibid., t. 2, f. 3 c, . . 181
77. Yermetus dentiferus, Quoy (=longifilis). Yoy. Astrol.,
t. 67, f. 27, . . 181
78. Yermetus inopertus, Ruppell. Ruppell's Yoy., t. 11,
f. 3 a, .182
79. Yermetus arenarius, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol., t. 67, f. 8, . 182
440 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
80. Vermetus elegans, Quoy. Ibid., t. 67, f. 11, . .182
81. Yermetus Zelandicus, Gray. Ibid., t. 67, f. 17, . .182
82. Yermetus lituella, Morch. Specimen, .... 183
83. Vermetus Datin, Adans. (= afrum, Gmel.). Adanson,
Hist. Nat. Seneg., t. 11, f. 46, 183
84-86. Vermetus perforans, Serres (= politus). Ann. Sci.
Nat., iv, t. 8, f. 3, 4, 6, 1855 184
87. Vermetus nebulosus, Dillw. Specimen, . . .184
88. Vermetus bicarinatus, Sowb. Sowb. Man., f. 4, . .184
PLATE 55.
89. 90. Vermetus gigas (= maximus, Sowb.). Chenu,
Illust. Conch./t. 5, f. 6, 184
91. Vermetus Dacostse, Morch. Humphreys, Conch., t, 1 1 ,
f. 15, .... ... 185
92. Vermetus margaritarum, Val. Chenu, Illust. Conch.,
t. 4, f. 2, . . . . . .184
93. Vermetus megamastum, Morch. Zool. Proc., t. 25, f.
12, 1861, .185
94. Vermetus roseus, Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 67, f. 20, . 185
95. 96. Vermetus pennatus, Morch. Zool. Proc., t. 25, f. 3,
4, 1861, .... . -185
97. Vermetus costalis, Rouss. (= tortuosus). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 3, f. 1 a, 186
98. Vermetus Indicus, Rouss. (= lumbricalis). Ibid.,t. 3,
f. 26, . 186
99. Vermetus spiratus, Phil. Archiv Naturg., t. 7, f. 1 6,
1836, . . . .187
100. Vermetus radicula, Stimpson (= spiratus). Specimen, 187
PLATE 56.
1.. Vermetus nnicostalis, Morch (= tortuosus). Chenu,
Illust. Conch., t. 3, f. 1, . . . .186
2. Vermetus dimorphus, Morch. Humphrey, Conch., t.
10, f. 6, . . . . 187
3-5. Vermetus pellucidus, Br. et Sowb. Zool. Proc.,t. 25,
f. 17, 18,20, 1861, ... . .187
6. Vermetus eburneus, Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii,t. 152, f. 2, 187
7. Vermetus effusus, Val. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 5, f. 4 a, 188
8. Vermetus turritella, Rouss. Ibid., t. 5, f. 3, . .188
9. Vermetus regularis, Chenu (= pellucidus). Ibid., Ser-
pula, t. 10, f. 4, . 187
10. Vermetus Panamensis, Chenu (= pellucidus). Ibid.,
Serpula, t. 10, f. 5, 187
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 441
PLATE 57.
PAGE.
11. Siliquaria ponderosa, Morch. Conch. Icon., f. 3, .188
12. Siliquaria Senegalensis, Recluz. Ibid., f. 8, . . 188
13. Siliquaria encaustica, Morch. Ibid., f. 10, . . .189
14. Siliquaria troehlearis, Morch. Tlies. Conch., t. 481, f.
14, . . 189
15. 16. Siliquaria obtusa, Schum. Ibid., t. 480. f. 4, 3, . Is9
17. Siliquaria tseniata, Morch. (= Australis). Adams,
Genera, t. 39, f. 5 a, 189
18. Siliquaria tostus, Morch. Conch. Icon., f. 11, . . 190
19. Siliquaria Cumingii, Morch. Ibid., f. 26, . . .190
PLATE 58.
20. Siliquaria Australis, Quoy. Conch. Icon., f. 6, . .189
21. Siliquaria Cumingii, Morch. Ibid., f. 2, . . .190
22. Siliquaria Bernardii, Morch. Ibid., f. 9, . . .190
23. 24. Siliquaria anguina, Linn. Ibid., f. 7, . . .190
25. Siliquaria squamata, Blninv. (= anguina). Clienu,
Illust. Conch., t. 2, f. 12, J90
26. Siliquaria lactea, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 5 a, . . 191
27. Siliquaria Taheitensis, Morch. Ibid., f. 13, . . .191
28. Siliquaria Weldii, Woods. Specimen, . . . .191
TURR1TELLID.E.
PLATE 59.
29. Turritella triplicata, Studer. Dentition. Troschel,
Gebiss,i,t. 12, f. 12, 192
30. Turritella acicula, Stimpson. Dentition. Sars, Moll.
Norw., t. 7,f. 2c?, .192
31. Turritella communis, Risso. Operculum. Fischer,
Manuel, 694, f. 466, .192
32. Turritella terebra, Linn. Kiener, Coq. viv., t. 3, f. 1, 195
33. Turritella spectrum, live. (= terebra). Conch. Icon.,
f. 40 195
34. Turritella bacillum, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 4, f. 1, . 196
35. Turritella cerea, Reeve (= bacillum). Conch. Icon.,
f. 25, 196
36. Turriteila fascialis, Menke. Ibid., f. 47, . . .197
o7. Turritella bicolor, Ad. and Rve. (= fascialis;. Ibid.,
f. 56 197
38. Turritella cmgulifera, Sowb. Ibid., f. 64, . . .198
39. Turritella fragilis, Kr. (== cingulifera). Kiener, Coq.
viv., t. 8, f. 3, 198
40. Turritella fuscocincta, Petit (= cingulifera). Joim de
Conch., iv, t. 11, f. 3, 198
442 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
41. Turritella parva, Angas (= cingulifera). Zool. Proc.,
t. 26, f. 17, 1877, 198
PLATE 60.
42 Turritella crocea, Kiener (= bacillum). Conch. Icon.,
f. 26, 196
43. Turritella ungulina, Linn. Ibid., f. 1,. . . . 1%
44. Turritella nivea, Gray. Ibid., f. 44 196
45. Turritella cornea, Lam. (= communis, Risso). Ibid.,
f. 35, 196
46. Turritella cornea, Lam. (= communis, llisso). Kiener,
Coq. Yiv.,t. 13, f. 3, 196
47. Turritella Capensis, Kranss. Sudaf. Moll., t. 6, f. 8, .197
48,49. Turritella triplicata, Studer. Conch. Icon., f. 43 a, 6, 197
50. Turritella turbona, Monts. (= triplicata). Ann. Mus.
Genoa, ix, 420, ... .... 197
51, 52. Turritella goniostoma, Val. Conch. Icon., f. 10 a, 6, 198
PLATE 61.
53. Turritella Broderipiana, Orb. Conch. Icon., f. 6 6, .198
54. Turritella marmorata, Kr. (= goniostoma). Kiener.
Coq. Viv.,t. 8, f. 1, . . . . . .198
55. Turritella lentiginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 9, . 198
56. Turritella punctata, Kiener. Ibid., f. 39 6, . . .198
57. Turritella Banksii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 15, . . .198
58. Turritella variegata, Linn. Ibid., f. 19, . . .198
59. Turritella Hanleyana, Reeve (= rosea). Ibid., f. 36, 199
60. Turritella sinuata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 62, ... 200
61. Turritella Cooperi, Carp. Specimen, .... 200
62. Turritella rubescens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 63, . 201
PLATE 62.
63. Turritella nieta, Reeve (= variegata). Conch. Icon.,
f. 34, 198
64. Turritella variegata, Linn., var. elongata, Rve. Ibid.,
t. 9, f. 196, . ... .198
65. Turritella tigrina, Kiener. Kiener, Monog., t. 4, f. 2, 199
66. Turritella Cumingii, Reeve (= tigrina). Conch. Icon.,
f. 13 199
67. Turritella rosea, Quoy. Ibid., f. 41, . . . .199
68. Turritella lineolata, Kiener (= rosea). Kiener, Iconog.,
t. 5, f. 2, 199
69. Turritella sanguinea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 27, . 199
70. Turritella declivis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 52, ... 200
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 443
FIGURE. PAGE.
71. Turritella cingulata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 23, . . .200
72. Turritella leucostoma, Yal. Ibid., f. 5, . . .200
73. Turritella flammulata, Kiener. Ibid., f. 24, . . 201
74. Turritella torulosa, Kiener. Ibid., f. 21, . . .201
PLATE 63.
75. Turritella trisulcata, Lara. Conch. Icon., f. 17, . . 201
7(5. Turritella columnuris, Kiener. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 200
77. Turritella ra'dula, Kiener. Ibid., f. 30, . . .201
78, 79. Turritella noclulosii, King-. Ibid., f. 11, a, b, . . 202
80. Turritella papillosa, Kr. (= nodulosa). Kiener,
Coq. Yiv., t. H, f. 3, 202
81. Turritella aquila, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 46, 202
82. Turritella bicingulata, Lam. Ibid., f. 20, . . . 202
8:*. Turritella maculate, Reeve. Ibid., f. 33, . . .202
84. Turritella Knysnaenis, Krauss. Sudaf. Moll.,t. 6, f. 9, 203
85. Turritella annulate, Kiener. Coq. Yiv., t. 13, f. 1, . 203
86. Turritella Gunnii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 45, . . 203
87. Turritella Tasmanica, Reeve (= Gunnii, var.). Ibid.,
f. 42, . . . . 203
88. Turritella incisa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 65 203
89. Turritella infraconstricta, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 50,
f. 20, 1878, 203
90. Turritella vittulata, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icor.,
f. 58, 204
91. Turritella canaliculate, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 57, . 204
92. Turritella fastigiata, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 48, . 204
PLATE 64.
93. Turritella hastula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 31, . .203
94. Turritella congelata. Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 59, . 204
95. Turritella pagoda, Reeve. Ibid., f. 60, ... 204
96. Turritella Candida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 38, ... 204
97. Turritella multilirata, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 54, . 204
98. 99. Turritella exoleta, Linn. Kiener, Coq. Yiv., t.
7, f. 2, .205
100. Turritella cochlea, Reeve (= exoleta). Conch. Icon.,
f. 29, .205
1. Turritella excavata, Sowb. (= exoleta). Zool. Proc.,
t. 21, f. 3,1870, 205
2. Turritella clathrata, Kiener. Conch. Icon., f. 37, . 206
3. Turritella decipiens, Monts. Specimen, . . . 205
4. Turritella alba, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 3, f. 3, 1872, 205
5. Turritella monilifera, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icon.,
f. 50, 205
444 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
6. Turritella concava, Martens. Moebius' Mauritius Moll.,
t. 20, f. 19, 206
7. Turritella carinifera, Lam. Conch. Icon., f. 12 a, . 206
8. Turritella gemmata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 28, . . 206
9. Turritella Hookeri, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 01, . . 206
10. Turritella acuta, Tenison- Woods. Specimen, . . 206
11. Turritella ferruginea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 32, . 207
12. Turritella acicula, Stimpson. Am. Mar. Conch., t. 11,
f. 133, 207
13. Turritella erosa, Couth. Ibid., f. 130, . . . .208
14. Turritella Eschrichti, Midd. (= erosa). Mai. Ross , ii,
t. 11, f. 2, 208
15. Turritella reticulata, Mighels and Ads. Am. M:ir.
Conch., t. 11, f. 131, 208
16. Turritella constrict a, Reeve (= clathrata). Conch.
Icon.,t. x, f. 16, . . . . . . 206
17. Mathilda granolira, Costa (= elegantissima). Misc.
Malacol., f. 2, 210
18. Mathilda retusa, Costa. Ibid., f. 13 210
19. Turritella declivis, Aurivillius. Vega Exped., t. 12,
f. 9, 208
PLATE 65.
19. Mathilda Sinensis, Fischer. Jour, de Conch., t. 9, f. 3,
1867,. ... 211
20. Turritella duplicate, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 1, . 207
21. Turritella acutangula, Linn. (= duplicata). Ibid., t.
2,f. 2 a, . .207
22. Turritella attenuata, Rve. (= duplicata, var.) Conch.
Icon., f. 4, 207
23. Turritella australis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog, t. 4, f. 3, . 207
24. Turritella costulata, Mighels. Am. Mar. Conch., t. 11,
f. 132, 208
25. Turritella lactea, Moller. Reeve, Mesalia, f . 1 , . .208
26. Turritella costata (erosa, var.), Aurivillius. YegaExp.,
t. 12, f. 8, .208
27. 28. Turritella brevialis, Lam. Reeve, Mesalia, f. 2 a, 6, 209
29. Turritella brevialis, Lam. Reeve, Turritella, f, 16 a, . 209
30. Turritella varia, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog., t. 2, f. 3, . 209
31. Turritella Cariboea, Orb. (= varia). Hist. Nat. Cuba,
t. 10, f. 21, .... . 209
32. Turritella Melanoides, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Mesalia,
f. 3, 209
33. Turritella opalina, Ads. and Rve. Reeve, Turritella,
f. 51, 210
34. 35. Protoma Knockeri, Baird. Zool. Proc., 59, 1870, . 210
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 445
FIGURE. PAGE.
36. Mathilda cochlaeformis, Costa. Brugnone, Misc. Mai.,
f. 1 210
37. Mathilda elegantula, Angas. Zool Proc.. t. l,f. 8, 1871, 210
38. Mathilda quadricincta, Brocchi. Conch. Foss. subap.,
ii, t. 7, f. 6, 211
C M C I D ^E.
PLATE 66.
39. Shell of Caecum, much enlarged. Fischer, Man. de
Conch., p. 698!
a, spiral nucleus ; 6, first septum ; c, second septum ;
d, aperture, , .212
40. Animal of Caecum. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., t.
KK, f. 1, 212
41. 42. Nucleus of Caecum. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 1 a,
16, 1877, 213
43. Nucleus of Meioceras. Ibid., t. 5, f. 2, 1877, . . 214
44, 45. Nucleus of Strebloceras. Ibid., t. 5, f. 3, 1877, . 214
46. Nucleus of Parastmphia. Ibid., t. 5, f. 4, 1877, . . 214
47-51. Different forms of the septum. Ibid., t. 4, figs. 13,
17,21,23,25, 212
52. Caecum laeve, C. B. ^d. Specimen, . . . .215
53. Caecum farcimen, Cpr. Specimen, .... 215
54. Caecum vitreum, Cpr. Specimen, . . . .215
55. Caecum Clarkii, Cpr. (== vitreum, var.). Specimen, . 215
50. Caecum dextroversum, Cpr. Specimen, . . .215
57. Caecum glabrum, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll.,t. 69, f. 5 215
53. Caecum auriculatum, Folin. B. D. and D.,Moll. Rous-
silon, 232, 216
59. Caecum Achironia, Folin. Jour, de Conch., t. 3, f. 1,
1867 216
60. Caecum Someri, Folin. Ibid., t. 3, f. 2, 1867, . .216
61. Caecum subimpressum, Cpr. Specimen, . . .217
62. Caecum Floridanum, Stimpson. Specimen, . .217
63. Caecum pulchellum, Stimpson. Tryon, Am. Mar.
Conch., t. ll,f. 135, 217
64. Caecum rhysotitum, Folin. Jour, de Conch., t. 2, f. 6,
ISiiT, 218
65. Caecum Cooperi, Carp. (= Californicum, Dall). Speci-
men, . . .219
PLATE 67.
66. Caecum firmatum, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . .217
67. Caecum quadratum, Cpr, Specimen, .... 217
446 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
68. Caecum compactum, Cpr. (= quadratum, var.). Speci-
men, 217
69. Caecum elegantissimum, Carp. Specimen, . . .217
70. Caecum undatum, Carp. Specimen, . . . .218
71. Caecum crebricinctum, Carp. Specimen, . . . 218
72. Caecum subannulatum, Folin. B. D. D., Moll. Rous-
silon, p. 231, . . . . . . .218
73. Caecum nitidum, Stimpson. Specimen, . . . 222
74. Caecum cornubovis, Carp. Specimen, .... 223
75. Caecum cornucopias, Carp. Specimen, .... 223
76. Caecum annulatum, Brown. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., t. 88, f. 7, ... . 220
77. Caecum trachea, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll.,
t. 69, f. 4, . .219
78. Caecum paradoxum, Folin. Jour, de Conch., t. 2, f. 7,
1867, 218
79. Caecum phronium, Folin. Jour, de Conch., t. 3, f. 4,
1867, 221
80. Caecum coronatum, Folin. Ibid., t. 2, f. 5, 1867, . 221
81. Caecum Folini, Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Roussilon,
p. 233, . . . . .223
82. Caecum irregulare, Folin. Jour, de Conch., t. 3, f. 6,
1867, ... 221
83. Caecum magnum, Stearns. Specimen, . . .219
84. Caecum Cooperi, Smith. Ann. N. Y. Lye., ix, 394, . 221
85. Caecum costatum, Verrill (== Cooperi). Am. Jour.
Science, 3 ser., iii, t. 6, f. 6 221
86. Caecum clava, Folin. Jour, de Conch , t. 3, f. 3, 1867, 220
87. Caecum insigne, Folin. Ibid., t. 2, f. 4, 1867, . . 220
88. Caecum breve, Folin. Ibid., t. 3. f. 5, 1867, . . 220
ETJLIMIDJG.
PLATE 68.
89. Eulima grandis. A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 4, . 266
90. Eulima Martini, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 6, . . . . 266
91. 92. Eulima Candida, Marratt. Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc.
Liverpool, xxxiv, 339, . ... 266
93. Eulima major, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 5, . 266
94. Eulima arcuata, Sowb. (= major). Ibid., f. 14, . . 266
95. Eulima flexuosa, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 169, f. 22, . 267
96. Eulima Cumingii, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon. Eulima, sp. 8, 267
97. Eulima teinostoma, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 3, . . . 267
98. Eulima picta, Sowb. Ibid., f. 45, .... 267
99. Eulima lactea, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 2, . . . . 267
100, 15. Eulima porcellana, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 11, . . 268
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 447
FIGURE. . PAGE.
1. Eulima brevis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 27, . . . . 267
2. Eulima labiosa, Sowb. (= brevis). Ibid., f. 10, . . 267
3. Eulima acuta, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 15, . . . .268
4. Eulima inflexa, Pse. (= solida). Am. Jour. Conch.,
iii,t. 24, f. 26, 268
5. Eulima solida, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 18, . 268
6. Eulima pusilla, Sowb. Ibid., f. 25, . . 268
7. Eulima exilis, Pse. (= pusilla). Am. Journ. Conch.,
iii,t. 24, f. 25, . ... . . . . 268
8. Eulima venusta, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 24, . . 268
9. Eulima retrorsa, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31, . 269
10. Eulima augur, Angas. Ibid., f. 47, . . . 269
11. Eulima proxima, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 48, . 269
12. Eulima articulata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 1, . . . .269
13. Eulima opaca, Sowb. Ibid., f. 30, . . . .270
14. Eulima pyramidalis, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 23, . . .270
16. Eulima micans, Woods (= Tenisoni, Tryon). Speci-
men, 269
17. Eulima conoidalis, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 22, 269
18. Eulima polygyra, A. Ad. Ibid.,f. 24, . . . .270
19. Eulima conica, Sowb. Ibid., f. 44, . . . .270
20. Eulima modicella, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 169, f. 27, 270
21. Eulima solidula, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t.
ll,f. 27, 271
22. Eulima cuspidata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. loon., f. 17, 270
23. Eulima tortuosa, Ad. and Reeve. Ibid., f. 12, . .271
24. Eulima Adamsi, Sowb. (= nitidula, A. Ad.). Ibid.,
sp. 38, 271
25. Eulima robusta, A. Ad. Specimen, .... 271
26. Eulima mundula, A. Ad. Specimen, .... 272
27. Eulima subangulata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 13, 271
28. Eulima acuformis, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, xliv,t. 8, f. I, 271
PLATE 69.
29. Eulima micans, Carp. Reeve, Conr-h. Icon., sp. 33, . 272
30. Eulima elodia, Folin (= micans). Meleagrinicoles, t.
6, f. 6, 272
31. Eulima gracillima, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 32, . . 272
32. Eulima parva, Sowb. Ibid., f. 41, . . 272
33. Eulima adamantina, Folin (= parva). Meleagrini-
coles, t. 6, f. 2, . . . . . . .272
34. Eulima subrostrata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 43, . . 272
35. Eulima gibba, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 6, f. 4, . . 272
36. Eulima oleacea, Kurtz and Stimp. Tryon, Am. Mar.
Conch., t. 10, f. 124, ... ... 273
37. Eulima opalina, Folin. Meleagrin., t. 6, f. 7, . . 273
448 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
38. Eulima proca, Folin. Ibid., t. 6, f. 3, * . . .273
39. Eulima hastata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 9, . . . 273
40. Eulima conoidea, Kurtz and Stimpson. Specimen, . 273
41. Eulima Jamaicensis, Adams. Specimen, . . . 273
42. Eulima iota, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 34, . 274
43. Eulima intermedia, Cantraine. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.,
t. 77, f. 4, . 274
44. Eulima subcarinata, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 5, . 273
45. Eulima polita, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 1(5, . . . 274
46. Eulima brevis, Requien (= polita, var.). Moll. Rouss.,
t. 21, f. 16, 274
47. Eulima gracilis (= incurva, Ren. var.), Forbes and
Hanley. Brit- Moll., t. 92, f. 6, . . . . 274
48. Eulima distorta, Phil. (= incurva). Ibid., t. 92, f. 4, . 274
49. Eulima curva, Jeffreys. B.D.D. Moll. Rouss. ,t. 21, f. 13, 275
50. Eulima elongata, B. I). D. (== curva, var.). Ibid., t. 21,
f. 15, . .275
51. Eulima distorta, Phil. (= incurva, var.). Sars., Moll.
Nov., t. ll,f. 23, 274
52.- Eulima obtusa, Jeffreys (=compactilis, Monts.). Zool.
Proc., 1884. t. 28, f. 10, 275
53. Eulima stalioli, Brusina. Jeffreys, Ibid., t. 28, f. 3, . 275
54. Eulima pyriformis, Brugnone. Jeffreys, Ibid., t. 28, f. 6, 276
55. Eulima fuscoapicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 5, . . 276
56. Eulima abbreviata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 7, . . 275
57. Eulima subumbilicata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 8, . 276
58. Eulima Paivensis, Watson. *Zool. Proc., t. 36, f. 29,
1873, 277
59. Eulima solida, Jeffreys (= Jeffreysii, Tryon). Zool.
Proc., t. 28, f. 4, 1884. . .' . , . .276
60. Eulima minuta, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 9, 1884, . . 276
61. Eulima glabra, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 28, f. 2, 1884, . . 277
62. Eulima acutalis, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1. 16,
f. 5, 1883, . . .277
63. Eulima perminima, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 16, f. 6, 1883, . 277
64. Eulima Gentilomiana, Issel. Coq. Egypte, t. 3, f. 32, . 277
PLATE 70.
65-67. Eulima varians, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Leiostr., f. 1, 278
68. Eulima rutila, Carp. Reeve, Ibid., f. 37, . . . 279
69. Eulima elegantissima, Folin. Meleagrm., t. 6,f. 5, . 279
70. Eulima bivittata, A. Ad. Conch. Icon. Leiostr., f. 6, . 279
71. Eulima subulata, Donov. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.,
Conch., t. 92, f. 7, .279
72-74. Eulima bilineata, Alder. Ibid., t. 92, f. 10, . . 279
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 449
75. Eulima bifasciata, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 2, . 279
76. Eulima fulvocincta, C. B. Ad. Conch. Icon., Leiostr.,
f. 8, 280
77. Eulima vincta, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 20, . . . .280
78. Euliina Samoensis, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 11, f. 3,
1867, 280
79. Eulima rmilineata, Ads. and Rve. Conch. Icon. Leios-
traca, f. 4, 280
80. Eulima stenostoma, Jeffreys. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 282
81. Eulima recta, C. B. Adams. Ibid., f. 3, . . . 280
82. Eulima acuta, Sowb. Ibid., f. 7, 280
83. Eulima Metcalfei, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 5, . . . . 280
84. Eulima nivea, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 16, . . . . 281
85. Eulima pura, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 17, .... 281
86. Eulima pauxillus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 19, ' . . .281
87. Eulima Mariss, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 21, . . . .281
88. Eulima Manzoniana, Issel. Conch. Mar Rosso, t. 2, f. 6, 281
89. Eulima acutissirna, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Leiostraca,
f. 10, 281
90. Eulima Lesbia, Angas (= acutissima). Zool. Proc.,
t. l,f. 14, 1871, 281
91. Eulima distorta, Pease (= Peasei, Tn*on). Conch.
Icon. Leiostraca, f. 15, . . . . . . 281
92. Eulima acicula, Gould. Ibid., f. 11, . . . .282
93. Eulima aciculata, Sowb. (= acicula, Gld.). Iconica,
Eulima, f. 36, 282
94. Eulima pyramidalis, Sowb. ( acicula). Conch. Icon.
Leiostr., f. 13, . . . ^ . . . .282
95. Eulima vitrea, A. Ad. (= acicula). Iconica, Eulima,
f. 19, 282
96. Eulima Hemphilli, Ball. Specimen, .... 282
97. Eulima attenuata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f. 46, . 282
98. Eulima mirifica, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, xliii, t. 1, f. 10, 283
99. Eulima Holdsworthi, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 69, f. 1 a,
1874, 283
100. Eulima Giintheri, Angas. Ibid., t. 5, f. 6, 1877, . . 283
1. Eulima dentiens, Bunker. Specimen, . . . .277
2. Eulima nitidula, Pease. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f. 35, . 284
3. Eulima subpellucida, Pease. Ibid., f. 20, . . .284
4. Eulima gracilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii,t. 24, f. 27, 284
5. Eulima mucronata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 42, . . 284
6. Eulima obesula, A. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 28, . . 284
7. Eulima rosea, Pease. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f. 39, . 284
8. Eulima Mindoroensis, Ad. and Reeve. Conch. Icon.
Leiost., f. 12, 285
9. Eulima Sandvichensis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 21, . . . 284
29
450 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
10. Eulima Caledonica, Morelet. Jour, de Conch., 1. 12, f. 1,
1881, . 285
11. Eulima fulvescens, A. Ad. Conch. Icon. Eulima, f. 11, 285
12. Eulima glabrata, A. Ad. Conch. Icon. Leiostr., f. 19, 286
13. Eulima subventricosa, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Leiostr.,
f. 18, . 285
14. Eulima carinata, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 7, f. 26, . 287
15. Eulima Montrouzieri, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., t.
9,f. 5, 1870, 286
16. Eulima Japonica, A. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 9, . . 286
17. Eulima semistriata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 20, . . 287
18. Eulima apiculata, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f.
5, 1877, 287
19. Eulima Lamberti, Souverbie. Ibid., t. 13, f. 2, 1876, . 287
20. Eulima Rangii, Folin. Meleagrin, t. 6., f. 1, . . 287
PLATE 71.
21. Niso marmorata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Niso, f. 5, . 288
22. 23. Niso interrupta, Sowb. Ibid., f. 8, . . . 288
24. Niso splendidula, Sowb. Ibid., f. 7, . . . . 287
25. Niso brunnea, Sowb. Ibid., f. 9, 288
26. Niso goniostoma, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 2, . . . . 288
27. Niso terebellum, Chemn. Ibid., f. 4, . . . .288
28. Niso cahdidula, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 6, . . . . 288
29. Niso Sandvichensis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 1, . . .288
30. Niso ^Eglees, Bush. Trans. Conn. Acad.,vi, t. 45, f. 10, 288
31. Niso imbricata, Sowb. Conch. Icon. Niso, f. 3, . . 289
32. Stylifer Turtoni, Bfod. Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f. 1, . 289
33-35. Hoplopteron Terquemi, Fischer. Jour, de Conch.,
t. 9, f. 1, 6, 7, 1876, 289
36. Stylifer Turtoni, Brod. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Conch., t. 00, f. 5, 289, . . ... 289
37. Stylifer Stimpsonii, Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v,
585, 289
38. Stylifer astericola, Brod. Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f. 3, 290
39. Stylifer ovoideus, H. and A. Ad. Ibid., f. 2, . . 290
40. Stylifer Orbign}^ana, Hupd. Guerin's Magazine, t. 10,
f. 1 o, 1860, 290
41. Stylifer rlubia, Baird. Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f. 8, . 290
42. Stylifer Mittrei, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 2, f. 8, . 290
43. Stylifer eburneus, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 7, f. 25, . 290
44. Stylifer apiculatus, Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 3d
ser., ii,t. 9, f. 6, 291
45. Stylifer corallinus, Chemn. Conch. Icon. Stylifer, f. 12, 292
46. Stylifer pyramidalis, Reeve (= Cumingianus). Ele-
ments Conch., i, t. 12, f. 56, 291
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 451
fJGURB. PAGE.
47. Stylifer Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc.,t. 26, f. 12, 1877, 291
48. Stylifer Curaingianus, Adams. Conch. Icon., f. 5, . 291
49. Stylifer subulatus, Brod. and Sowb. Conch. Icon.,
Stylifer, f. 17, 291
50. Stylifer bulbiformis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 18, ... 291
51. Stylifer Barroni, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 7, . . . . 291
52. Stylifer exaratus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 14, . . . . 291
53. Stylifer subangulatus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 13, . . . 292
54. Stylifer Pauluccise, Fischer. Journ. de Conch., 3 ser.,
*iv, t. 7, f. 3, . 292
55. Stylifer attenuatus, Sowb. Conch. Icon., sp. 11, . 292
56. Stylifer deformis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 24,
f. 23, 292
57. Stylifer speciosus, H. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 10, . . 291
58. Stylifer Thomasiae, Sowb. Ibid., f. 15-, ... 292
59. Stylifer fastigiatus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 16, . . . 292
60. Stylifer solidus, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 6, . . . 293
61. Stylifer Tasmanicus, Woods. Specimen, . . . 293
62. Stylifer Nevilli, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 28, f. 16,
1868, 293
PYRAMIDELLIDJE.
PLATE 72.
63. 64. Pyramidella ventricosa, Guerin. Thes. Conch., t.
171, f. 13,15, 299
65. Pyramidella scitula, A. Ad. (= ventricosa). Ibid., t.
171, f. 23, 299
66. Pyramidella cincta, Reeve. Ibid., t. 171, f. 11, . . 299
67. Pyramidella fastigium, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 8, . 300
68. Pyramidella perforata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 9, . 300
69. Pyramidella balteata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 25, . 300
70. Pyramidella pusilla, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 7, . . 300
71. 72. Pyramidella dolabrata, Linn. Ibid., 1. 171, f. 2, 3, . 300
73. Pyramidella terebellum, Mull. (= dolabrata, var.).
Ibid., t. 171, f. 5, ....... 300
74. Pyramidella terebelloides, A. Ad. (= dolabrata, var.).
Ibid., 171, f. 18, 300
75. Pyramidella pulchella, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 20, . 301
76. Pyramidella punctata, Chemn. (== acus). Yoy. Astrol.,
t. 67, f. 1, . . 301
77. 78. Pyramidella punctata, Chemn. ( acus, Gmel.).
Thes. Conch., t. 171, f. 14, 27, 301
79. Pyramidella sulcata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 34, . . 301
80. Pyramidella tessellata, A. Ad. (= sulcata). Ibid., t.
171, f. 16, 301
452 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAQB.
81. Pyramidella monilis, A. Ad. (= sulcata). Ibid., t.
171, f. 12, .301
82. Pyramidella teres, A. Ad. (= sulcata). Ibid., t. 171,
f. 31, . 301
83. Pyramidella Prattii, Bernard! (= sulcata). Jour, de
Conch., 2d ser.,iii, t. 13, f. 1, 301
84. Pyramidella turrita, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, f. 17, 301
85. Pyramidella gracilis, Brocchi (= turrita). Ibid., t.
171, f. 4, 301
86. Pyramidella Chemnitziana, A. Ad. Reeve, Conch.
Icon., f. 34 302
87. Pyramidella (jarrettii, Try on. Specimen, . . . 302
88. Pyramidella conica, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . . 302
89. Pyramidella hastata, A. Ad. (= conica). Conch.
Icon., f. 26, - 302
PLATE 73.
90. Pyramidella canaliculata, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 59, f.
7, 1873, 302
91. Pyramidella clavulus, A. Ad. (= Achates, Gld.). Thes.
Conch., t. 171,f. 33, 303
92. Pvramidella jucunda, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 10,
fc !877, 303
93. Pyramidella hyalina, Garrett (= Paumotensis, Tryon).
Proc. Phila. Acad., t. 3, f. 56, 1873, . . . .303
94. Pyramidella mitralis, A. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
f. 20 305
95. Pyramidella auris-cati, Chemn. Reeve. Ibid., f. 21, . 305
96. Pyramidella nitidula, A. Ad. Reeve, Ibid., f. 35, . 304
97. Pyramidella propinqua, A. Ad. (= mitralis), Ibid.,
f. 22, 305
98. Pyramidella glans, Reeve. Ibid., f. 18, ... 305
99. Pyramidella nitida, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 17, . . .305
100. Pyramidella nodicincta, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 19, . .305
1. Pyramidella vincta, Dall. (= nivea, Morch). Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 10, f. 7, 304
2. Pyramidella magnifica, Ads. and Reeve. Yoy. Sama-
rang, t. 10, f. 1, . 305
3. Pyramidella variegata, A. Ad. (= mitralis). Conch.
Icon., f. 23, 305
4. Pyramidella corrugata, Lam. Thes. Conch., t. 172, f. 4, 305
5. Pyramidella attenuata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 22, . 306
6. Pyramidella aclis, A. Ad. (= Adamsi, Tryon). Ibid.,
t. 171, f. 30, 306
7. Pyramidella elegans, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 19, . 306
8. Pyramidella fulva, Sowb, Conch. Icon., f. 42, . . 306
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 453
9/ Pyramidella brunnea, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171, f. 35, 306
10. Pyramidella aciculata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 171, f. 21, .306
11. Pyramidella denticulata, Sowb. (= aciculata). Conch.
Icon., f. 39, 306
12. Pyramidella crocata, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 36, . . .307
13. Pyramidella gracillhna, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 44, . .307
14. Pyramidella cinctella, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 45, . . .307
15. Pyramidella striatula, A. Ad. Tlies. Conch., t. 171,
f. 29, .307
16. Pyramidella ornata, Gould. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 30, 307
17. Pyramidella cylindrella, A. Ad. Reeve, Ibid., f. 37, . 307
18. Pyramidella gracillima, Smith (= Sniithii, Try on).
Zool. Proc., t. 75, f. 17, 1871, 308
19. Pyramidella pupina, A. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 40, . 307
20. Pyramidella modica, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 41, . . .307
21. Pyramidella scrotina, A. Ad. Ibid., f. 43, . . . 308
22. Pyramidella minuta, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., t. 19,
f. 10, 1869, 308
23. Pyramidella subulina, A. Ad. Conch. Icon., f. 38, . 308
24. Pyramidella tincta, Angas. Zool Proc., t. l,f. 11,1871, 308
25. Pyramidella hyalina, Danker. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 9, . 309
26. Pyramidella solidula, Danker. Ibid., t. 1, f. 5, . . 308
PLATE 74.
27. Pyramidella australis, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 9,
1871, 309
28. Pyramidella annulata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 171,
f. 26, 3.09
29. Pyramidella ligata,An<r aS Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 11,1877, 310
30. Pyramidella subulata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172, f. 13, 310
31. Pyramidella gracilis, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 14, . 310
32. Pyramidella Riippelli, Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., xi,
252, . 310
33. Pyramidella metula, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172, f. 12, 310
34. Pyramidella aclis, A. Ad. Ibid , t. 172, f. 17, . . 312
35. Pyramidella elongata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii,
t 24, f. 22, 312
35 a. Pvramidella varicosa, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 181, t. 20,
f. 15, 1853, 312
36. Pyramidella grandis, Ads. and Reeve. Yoy. Samarang.,
t. 11, f. 17, ... ... 312
37. Pyramidella Conieiliana, Neweomb. Am. Jour. Conch.,
v,t. 17, f. 6, .312
38. Pyramidella stylina, A. Ad. (= typica, Tryon). Thes.,
t. 171,f. 28, 312
39. Pyramidella striata, Gray. Thes. Conch., t. 172, f. 18, 313
454 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
40. Pyramidella aurantiaca, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f.
14, 1867, 313
41. Pyramidella amoena, A. Ad. Thes. Concli.,t. 172, f. 21, 313
42. Pyramidella fulva, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 23, . .313
43. Pyramidella granulata, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f 19, . 313
44. Pyramidella lauta, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 20, . .313
45. Pyramidella casta, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 22, . . 314
46. Pyramidella speciosa, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 25, .314
47. Pyramidella stylina, A. Ad. Ibid , t. 172, f. 30, . .314
48. Pyramidella suturalis, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 32, .314
49. Pyramidella pura, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172, f. 33, 314
50. Pyramidella concinna, A. Ad. Ibid., t. 172, f. 34, . 314
51. Pyramidella cincta, Carp. Specimen, .... 315
52-54. Pyramidella spirata, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., t. 172,
f. 26, 28, . 315
55. Syrnolopsis lacustris, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 33, f 21,
1881, 315
56. Syrnolopsis lacustris, Smith. Crosse, Jour, de Conch.,
t. 4,f. 6, 1881, 315
TURBONILLIDJE.
57. Turbonilla elegantissima, Macg. (= lactea, Linn.)
Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. t. 93, f. 1, . . 322
58. 60. Turbonilla fenestrata, Forbes. Ibid., t. 93, f. 6. . 325
59. Turbonilla speciosa, Adams (==. Macandrese). Zool.
Proc., t. 19, f. 11, 1869, 324
61. Turbonilla Weinkauffi, Dunker. Jour, de Conch. ,3 ser.,
ii, t. 13, f. 9, . . 325
62-64. Turbonilla rufescens, Forbes. Forbes and Hanley,
Brit. Moll, t. 94, f. 1 ; t. FF, f. 6, . . . ' . 325
65. Turbonilla scalaris, Phil. Ibid.,t. 94, f. 5, . . . 325
66. Turbonilla foriuosa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 93, f. 5, . . 325
67. Turbonilla internodulosa, Monts. Jour, de Conch.,
t. 3,f. 1, 1877.
68. Turbonilla rufa, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll.,
t. 93, f. 3, . . 326
69. 70. Turbonilla rufa, var. (= fulvocincta). Ibid., t. 93,
f. 4, 326
71, 72. Turbonilla clathrata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 94, f. 4, . 327
73, 74. Turbonilla inclistincta, Monts. Ibid., t. 94, f. 2, . 326
75. Turbonilla Potamoides,Cantraine(=striatula). Conch.
Medit., t. 6, f. 25, . 327
PLATE 75.
76. Turbonilla pusilla (r^innovata). Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.,
v, 76, f. 4, 323
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 455
FIGURE. PAGB.
77. Turbonilla Campanellae, Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 5, 322
78. Turbonilla scalaris, Phil. B. D. D. Moll. Rouss.,t. 21,
f. 4, 325
79. Turbonilla pusilla, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 28, f. 21, . 323
80. Turbonilla obliquata, Phil. Ibid., t. 24, f. 10, . . 324
81. Turbonilla gracilis (= delicata). Ibid., t. 24, f. 11, . 323
82. Turbonilla gradata, Monts. B. D. D. Moll. Rouss.,
t. 21, f. 12, 323
83. Turbonilla attenuata, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 27, f. 4,
1884, 323
84. Turbonilla sinuosa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f. 1, 1884, . 322
85. Turbonilla acuticostata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f. 2, 1884, 322
86. 87. Turbonilla fulgidula, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f. 3, 1884, 323
88. Turbonilla compressa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f. 5, 1884, 324
89. Turbonilla semicostata, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 27, f.
7, 1884, .324
90. Turbonilla paucistriata, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 27, f. 6, 1884, 324
91. Turbonilla densecostata, Phil. B. D. D., Moll. Rouss.,
t. 21, f. 11 326
92. Turbonilla costifera, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75, f. 28,
1871, 327
93. 94. Turbonilla sigmoidea, Monts. Ibid., t. 26, f. 9, 1884, 327
95. Turbonilla flexuosa, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 26, f. 10, 1884, 327
96. Turbonilla Bushiana,Verriil (= magnifica, Seg.;. Trans.
Conn. Acad., v, t. 58, f. 16, . . . ' . . 322
97. Turbonilla disculus, Velain. Archiv Zool. Exp., vi, t.
3, f. 8, 336
98. Turbonilla Peronii, Velain. Ibid., vi, t. 3, f. 9, . . 336
99. Turbonilla scalaris, Velain (=Velaini, Try on). Ibid.,
vi, t. 3, f. 7 336
100. Turbonilla venusta, Issel. Savigny, Coq. Egypte, t. 3,
f. 34, . 337
1. Turbonilla crystallina, Issel. Mar. Rosso, t. 1, f. 18, . 336
2. Turbonilla nitidissiraa, Issel. Ibid., t. 1, f. 19, . . 337
3. Turbonilla solidula, Issel. Ibid., t. 1, f. 17, . . 336
4. Turbonilla tenuicostata, Issel. Ibid., t. 1, f. 16, . . 336
5. Turbonilla Rathbuni, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn.
Acad., v, t. 58, f. 15 328
6. Turbonilla Emertoni, Verrill. Ibid., v, t. 58, f. 14, . 328
7. Turbonilla interrupta, Totten. Am. Jour. Sci., 1 ser.,
xxviii, f. 7, 329
8. Turbonilla elegans, Verrill. Rept. Fish Com., i, t.
24, f. 155, . .328
9. Turbonilla areolata, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., vi,
t, 32, f. 13, . 328
10. Turbonilla costulata, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 12, . 329
456 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAOB.
11. Turbonilla nivea, Stimpson. Gould, Invert., Mass., f.
602 328
12. Turbonilla textilis, Kurtz. Specimen, . . . 829
13. Pyramidella Krebsii, Morch. Specimen, . . . 3ll
PLATE 76.
14. Pyramidella elegans, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 26, . 311
15. Turbonilla ornata, d'Orb. Ibid., t. 16, f. 19, . . 330
16. Turbonilla Americana, d'Orb. Toy. Amer. Merid., t.
83, f. 17, . . 331
17. Turbonilla modesta, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 23, .330
18. Turbonilla pulchella, d'Orb. Ibid., t. 16, f. 15, . . 330
' 19. Turbonilla pusilla, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . .330
20. Turbonilla turns, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 11, . 330
21. Turbonilla substriata, C. B. Adams. Specimen, . . 330
22. Turbonilla puncta, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . . 331
23. Turbonilla subulata, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . .331
24. Turbonilla flavocincta, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . .331
25. Turbonilla fasciata, d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., t.
76, f. 4, 331
26. Turbonilla pupoides. d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f. 33, . 332
27. Turbonilla Riisei, Morch. Specimen, .... 332
28. Turbonilla dubia, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba,t. 17, f. 4, . . 332
29. Turbonilla cora, d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., t. 76, f. 8, 332
30. Turbonilla festiva, Folin. Meleagrin., t. 5, f. 4, . . 333
31. Turbonilla tenuicula, Gould. Specimen, . . . 333
32. Turbonilla stylina, Carp. Specimen, .... 333
33. Turbonilla subcuspidata, Carp. Specimen, . . 333
34. Turbonilla torquata, var. stylina. Specimen, . . 333
35. Turbonilla cingulata. Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 10, . 338
36. Turbonilla terebra, Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 6, . . 33S
37. Turbonilla Philippiana, Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 1, f. 12, . 335
38. Turbonilla varicosa, Dkr. Moll. Jap., t. 2, f. 5, . . 335
40. Turbonilla Tasmanica, Wood. Specimen, . . . 335
41. Turbonilla nitida, Angas (= Hofmani). Zool. Proc.,
t. 13, f. 9,1867, . 334
42. Turbonilla Mariae, Woods (== Hofmani). Specimen, . 334
43. Turbonilla multigyrata, Dunker. Moll. Mar. Jap., t.
13. f. 18, . . . 335
44. Turbonilla Macleayana, Woods. Specimen, . . 334
45. Turbonilla festiva,' Angas. Zool. Proc.,t. 5, f. 4, 1877, 334
46. Turbonilla fusca, A. Ad. Specimen, .... 334
47. Turbonilla bi fasciata, A. Ad. (= fusca). Specimen, . 334
48. Turbonilla chrysozona, Martens. Mobius' Mauritius,
t. 20, f. 21, 337
49. Turbonilla lactea, Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., t. 5, f. 23, . 337
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 457
FIGURE. PAGE.
50. Turbonilla cancellata, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 1, . 387
51. Turbonilla laminata, Carp. Specimen, . . . 338
52. Turbonilla spina,Crosse and Fischer. Jour, de Conch.,
t. 3, f. 13, 1865, 338
53. Turbonilla Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 5,
1877 338
54. Eulimella obeliscus, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d
ser., i, t. 2, f. 5, . . . . . . 340
55. Eulimella striatula, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist.,
xvii, t. 2, f. 15, 1856, 340
56. Eulimella Macandrei (= Scilhe). Forbes and Hanley,
Brit. Moll., t. FF, f. 7 339
57. Eulimella Arabica, Issel. Mar Rosso, t. 2, f. 5, . . 341
58. Eulimella compactilis, Jeffreys. Moll. Norv., t. 22,
f. 15 339
59. 61. Eulimella acicula, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, t. 98,
f. 10, 9, .340
60. Eulimella acicula, Phil. Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 9, f. 6,
1836, 340
f 2. Eulimella affinis, Phil. Forbes and Hanley, t. 98, f. 7, 340
63. Eulimella Scillae, Scacchi. Ibid., t. 98, f. 6, . . 339
64. Eulimella cingulata, Issel. Savisjny, Desc. Egypte, t.
3, f. 25 339
65. Eulimella Smithii, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t.
58, f. 13, 342
66. Eulimella alba, Calkins. Shells of Florida, t. 8, f. 3, . 343
PLATE 77.
67. Eulimella polita, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 538, 342
68. Eulimella lucida, Verrill.' Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 3, . . 342
69. Eulimella charissa, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 4, . . 342
70. Eulimella nitida, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 5, . . 342
71. Eulimella lissa, Verrill. Ibid., vi, t. 32, f. 6, . . 343
72. Eulimella prajlonga, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 6,
1884 ' 341
73. Eulimt-lla unifasciata, Forbes. Ibid., t. 26, f. 8, 1884, 342
74. Eulimella simplex, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 16, f, 29, . 343
75. Eulimella Philippii, Dunker. Moll. Japan, t. 2, f. 8, . 341
76. Eulimella clavula. Loven. Moll. Norv., t. 11, f. 13, . 344
77. Eulimella electa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc. t. 44, f. 3, 1883, 344
78. Eulimella eburnea, Stimpson. Am. Mar. Conch., t.
11, f. 164, 344
79. Eulimella nitidissima, Mtg. Forbes and Hanley, t.
90, f. 6, 340
80. Eulimella albula, Moller. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 9, f. 4, 344
81. Eulimella crassa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 7, 1884, 340
458 EEFERENCE TO PLATES.
FIGURE. PAGE.
82. Eulimella teres, Bush Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, t.
45, f. 9, .433
83. Eulimella Humboldti, Risso. Moll. Roussillon, t. 21,
f. 21, 345
84. Eulimella sulcata (=Humboldti,var.). Ibid., 1. 21, f. 21, 345
85. Eulimella tuberculata (= Humboldti, var.;. Ibid., t.
21, f. 19, . . . 345
86. Eulimella sulcata, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t.
58, f. J7, 345
87. Eulimella albula, Auct. (= striatula). Gould's Invert.
Mass., p. 333, . 345
88. Odostomia plicata, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., t. 98, f. 1, 346
89. Odostomia Eulimoides, Hanley (= pallida). Ibid., t.
95, f. 2, . . 346
90. Odostomia sublonga, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,t. 26, f. 3,
1884, 346
91. Odostomia insculpta, Mont. Forbes and Hanley,
t. 96, f. 6, 347
92. Odostomia umbilicaris, Malm. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch.,
t. 73, f. 7 347
93. Odostomia Michaelis, Brugnone. Misc., ii, t. l,f. 33, 347
94. Odostomia Rissoides, Hanley. Forbes and Hanlej', t.
96, f. 4, 347
95. Odostomia nitida, Alder. Ibid., t. 94, f 6, . . . 347
96. Odostomia glabrata, Forbes and Hanley. Biit. Moll.,
t. 98, f. 3, , 347
97. Odostomia Lukisi, Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., t. 73, f. 2, . 348
98. Odostomia unidentata, Mont. Forbes and Hanlt'3 r , t.
95, f. 7, 348
99. Odostomia turrita, Hanley. Forbes and Hanley,
t. 95, f. 8, 348
100. Odostomia Monterosati, B. D. D. Moll. Roussillon,
t. 19, f. 15, 348
1. Odostomia acuta, Jeffreys. Brit Conch. , t. 73, f. 8, . 348
2. Odostomia tenuis, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 4,
1884, 350
3. Odostomia albella, Loven. Forbes and Hanley, t.
96, f. 5, 349
4. Odostomia sulcifera, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75, f. 19,
1871, 349
5. Odostomia conspicua, Alder. Forbes and Hanley,
t. 95, f. 6, . . 349
6. Odostomia conoidea, Brocchi. Ibid., t. 95, f. 4, . . 349
7. Odostomia decussata, Mont. Ibid., t. 97, f. 6, . . 352
8. Odostomia eximia, Jeffreys. Ibid., t. 90, f. 1, . . 352
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 459
FIGURE. PAGE.
9. Odostomia diaphana, Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., t. 74, f. 5, 350
10. Odostomia obliqua, Alder. Forbes and Han)ey,t. 96, f. 1, 350
11. Odostomia Wavreni, Thompson. Ibid., t. 96, f. 2, . 3-^0
12. Odostomia Warreni, Thompson. Ibid., t. 96, f. 3, . 350
13. Odostomia neglecta, Tiberi. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 2,
1868, 350
14 Odostomia bulimoides, Brngnone. Misc., i, f. 10, . 352
15. Odostomia nitens, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc.,t. 26, f. 5, 1884, 351
1(>. Odostomia inttrstincta, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t.
97, f. 1, 363
17. Odostomia Moulinsiana, Fischer. Jour, de Conch., t.
6, f. 9, 1865, 353
PLATE 78.
18. Odostomia monozona, Brusina. B. D. D., Moll. Rous-
sillon, t. 20, f. 13 354
19. Odostomia Jeffreysii, B. D. D. Ibid,, t. 20, f. 9, . . 354
20. Odostomia flexicosta, B. D. D. Ibid., t. 20, f. 10, . 354
21. Odostomia striata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, t. 10, f. 8, . 353
22. Odostomia emaciata, Brusina. Moll. Roussillon, t. 20,
f. 6, 353
23. Odostomia brevicula, Jeffre3's. Ann. Mag. X. Hist.,
t. 16, f. 4, 1883, 354
24. Odostomia turbonilloides, Brusina. B. D. D., Moll.
Roussillon, t. 20, f. 4, 355
25. Odostomia Penchynnti, B. D. D. Ibid., t. 20, f. 11, . 354
26. Odostomia doliiformis, Jeffreys. Forbes and Hanley,
Brit. Moll., t. 97, f. 5, ." 351
27. Odostomia doliolum, Phil. B. D. D., Moll. Roussillon,
t. 19, f. 20, 355
28. Odostomia doliolum, var. cylindrica, B. D. D. Ibid.,
t. 19, f. 21, 355
29. Odostomia canaliculata, Phil. Moll. Sicil. ,ii,t. 28, f. 19, 356
30. Odostomia tricincta, Jellreys. Ann. Mag. N. Hist, xvii,
t. 2, f. 13, 1856, . 355
31. Odostomia excavata, Phil. B. D. D., Moll. Roussillon,
t. 19, f. 17, . 355
32. Odostomia spiralis, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., t. 97, f. 2, . ... 354
33. Odostomia impressa, Say. Tryon's Am. Mar. Conch.,
t. 10, f. 121, . . 356
34. Odostomia granatina, Dall. Specimen, . . . 356
35. Odostomia semiuuda, Ads. Tryon's Am. Mar. Conch.,
t. 10, f. 120, 357
36. Odostomia trifida, Totten. Ibid., t. 10, f. 119, . . 356
37. Odostomia marginata, Cailliaud. Cat. Moll., t. 3, f. 3, 356
460 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
38. Odostomia bisuturalis, Say. Tryon's Am. Mar. Conch.,
t. 10, f. 118, . . 357
39. Odostomia modesta, Stimpson. Ibid., t. 10, f. 117, . 357
40. Odostomia dealbata, Stimpson. Ibid., t. 10, f. 116, . 357
41. Odostomia fnsca, Ads. Ibid., t. 10, f. 115, . . . 356
42. Odostomia cedrosa, Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, t. 10,
f. 11, 357
43. Odostomia producta, Ads. Tryon's Am. Mar. Conch.,
t. 10, f. 114, . . 356
44. Odostomia Isevigata. d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 17, f. 7, . 357
45. Odostomia inflata, Carp. Specimen, .... 358
46. Odostomia mucitormis, Carp. Specimen, . . . 358
47. Odostomia straminea, Carp. Specimen, . . . 358
48. Odostomia satura, Carp. Specimen, .... 358
49. Odostomia tenuisculpta, Carp., var. incisa. Specimen, 359
50. Odostoma densecostata, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad.,
t. 3, f. 42, 1873, 359
51. Odostomia interstriata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., t.
9, f. 6, 1866, 359
52. Odostomia arnanda, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., t.
3, f. 47, 1873, .... ... 360
52 a. Odostomia puncturata, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75, f.
10, 1871, ...... . 314
PLATE 79.
53. Odostomia pulchra, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad, t. 3,
f. 48, 1873, 360
54. Odostomia sulcata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 46, . . 360
55. Odostomia obeliscus, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 51, . . 3(50
56. Odostomia vitrea, Garrett. Ibid , t. 3, f. 52, . . 360
57. Odostomia exilis, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 43, . 360
58. Odostomia densestriata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3. f. 44, . 3(>0
59. Odostomia oryza, Garrett. Id id., t. 3, f. 45, . . 361
60. Odostomia crystallina, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 49, . 361
61. Odostomia lutea, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 50, . .361
62. Odostomia unilineata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 53, . 361
63. Odostomia cuspidata, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, 54, . .361
64. Odostomia aciculina, Souverb. Journ. de Conch., t. 5,
f. 2, 1865, 361
65. Odostomia pupseformis, Souverb. Ibid., t. 5, f. 4, 1865, 3C2
66. Odostomia KrefTti, A ng-as. Zool. Proc., t, 13, f. 13,1867, 362
67. Odostomia laevis, Angas. Ibid., t. 13, f. 10, 1867, . 362
68. Odostomia lactea, Angas (= Angasi, Tryon). Ibid.,
t. 13, f. 11, 1867, 362
69. Odostomia bulimoides, Souverb. Journ. de Conch., t,
5, f. 3, 1865, 362
REFERENCE TO PLATES. 461
'IGtTRE. PAGE.
70. Odostomia Pascoei, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 12,
1807, 362
71. Odostomia simplex, Angas. Ibid., t. 1, f. 10, 1871, .363
72. Odostomia gracilis, Angas (= Vincentina, Tryon).
Ibid., t. 54, f. 9, 1878, . .... 362
73. Odostomia striata, Pease. Am. Journ. Conch , iii, t.
24, f. 16, 363
74. Odostomia polita, Pease. IJrid., iii, t. 24, f. 17, . . 363
75. Odostomia r libra, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 18, . . 363
76. Odostomia rosacea, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 19, . . 363
77. Odostomia gracilis, Pease. Ibid., iii, t. 24, f. 20, . 363
78. Odostomia Tasmanica, Woods. Specimen.
79. Odostomia debilis, Pease. Am. Journ. Conch., iii, t.
24, f. 21, 3fi3
80. Odostomia lactea, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 2, f. 4, . 364
81. Odostomia fasciata, Dunker. Ibid., t. 2, f. 2, . 364
82. Odostomia carinata, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 23, f. 4,
1873, .... 364
83. Odostomia costulata, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 2, f. 15, 364
84. Odostomia clysmatica, Issel. Savignv Desc. Egypte,
t. 3, f. 36, ". . . . 364
85. Odostomia decorata, Phil. Ibid., t. 3, f. 38, . . 364
86. Odostomia craticulata, Issel. Ibid., t. 3, f. 39, . . 364
87. Odostomia Sueziensis, Issel. Conch. Mar. Rosso., t. 2,
f. 1, 365
88. Odostomia solidula, Phil. Ibid., t. 2, f. 2, . . . 365
XENOPHORID^C
PLATE 46
90
93
XENOPHORID^E
PLATE 47
97
96
98
94 V
95
100
PLATE 48
PLATE 49
VERMETIDyE.
PLATE 5O
VERMETID^E.
PLATE 51
VERMETIDyE.
PLATE 52
VERMETID^e.
PLATE 53
67
VERMETIDyE.
PLATE 54
VERMETID^E.
PLATE 55
VERMETID^E.
PLATE 56
VERMETID^E.
PLATE 57
VERMETID^G.
PLATE 58
TURRITELLID^.
PLATE 59
32
40 4-1
TURRITELLID^E.
PLATE 6O
PLATE 61
60
TTJRRITELLIDyE.
PLATE 62
TURRITELLID^E.
PLATE 63
TURRITELJLID^E.
PLATE 64
PLATE 65
2b 27 30
PL-ATE 66
OECID^E.
PLATE 67
lULIMID^E.
PLATE 68
23
PLATE 69
59 60
63
Cl
64
EULIMID^E.
PLATE 7O
I! 1- 1 1! I!
18 19 20
EULIMID>e.
PLATE 71
55 61
PYRAMIDELOD^E
PLATE 72
S3
PYRAMIDEULID^E.
PLATE 73
PYRAMIDELLIDvE. TURBONILLID>E. PLATE 74
52 53 54 55
TURBONILLID^E.
PLATE 75
1 i; 1
10
TURBONILLID^:.
PLATE 76
TURBONILLID^:.
PLATE 77
TURBONILLID^C.
PLATE 78
18
23
21
19
i m
20
24 25
29 26
30
27 28
31
32
35
34 33
36
39
4-0
38
37
43 45
42
46 47
44-
48
52 ? 51
50 49
TURBONILLlDvC.
PLATE 79
X
RETURN TO the circulation desk of any
University of California Library
or to the
NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station
University of California
Richmond, CA 94804-4698
ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS
2-month loans may be renewed by calling
(510)642-6753
1-year loans may be recharged by bringing
books to NRLF
Renewals and recharges may be made 4
days prior to due date.
DUE AS STAMPED BELOW
JUN132000
12,000(11/95)
N9 551359
Tryon, G.W.
Manual of conchology,
QLU03
T76
ser,l
v.8
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS
TVNews
OpenLibrary