Maple leaves from Canada : for the grave of Abraham Lincoln

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MAPLE LEAVES

FH€M €AHA2)A,

FOR THE

BEIKG A DISCOUaSK DELIVERED BY

REV. ROBERT NORTON,

pastor of t^£ Jirst ^xtshvUxinn ^^urclj,

AND ADDRESS 3Y

REV. ROBERT F., BURNS, '

Pastor of the Canada Presbyterian Church,

AT ST. eATlAHMIS, CAMABA WIST,

April 23rd., 1805.,

Together with Proceedings of Puhlic Meetings, k

ST. CATHARINES:
PRINTED AT E. S. LEAVENWORTH'S BOOK & JOB OFFICE.

1865.

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MAPLE LEAVES

FBOM CANABA:

^rato of |^ka|am Jkoln

BEING A DISCOUKSK DELIVERED BY

REV. ROBERT NORTON,

pastor of 1^£ (first ^wsbgicrian C^urc^,

AND ADDKES3 BY

REV. ROBERT F. BURNS,

Pastor of the Canada Pregbyterian Church,

AT SI. CATIAIIMS, CAMAIA WIST,

April t&Srd., 1865,

Together with Proceedings of Public Meetings, k.

ST. CATHARINES:

PRINTED AT E. S. LEAVENWORTH'S BOOK & JOB OFFICE.

1865.

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^ DUPLICATE

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■CHA>iC».

PEEFATORY NOTE.

For many reasons it has been thought proper that St. Catharines should
weave its Maple Chaplet, to lay upon the gi-ave of Abraham Lincoln. The Rev.
Mr. Norton's Sermon is published in compliance with the terms of the Requisition
on the other side. The Address of the Rev. R. F. Burns, (which is part of a
Discourse,) is also published in accordance with the urgent wishes of many
friends. As au Appendix, tke Proceedings of the ever memorable Funeral Day
are given, abridged from the admirable Report of the St. Catharines " Post."

It may be well to insert here, in a sentence or two, the more prominent facts
in the life of the illustrious deceased.

Abraham Lincolk was born in Kentucky, on the 12th February, 1809. "When
he was about 1, his father removed to Southern Indiana ; and when ho reached
the age of 20, to Central Illinois, where he lived as a farmer. In 1831, he was
clerk in a mill and store. In 1832, he served in the Black Hawk War. In 1834
he was elected to the Legislature of his adopted State, and served eight years,
having been re-elected three times. In 1836 he commenced the practice of law.
In 1837 he took up his residence at Springfield. In 1842 he was married to Miss
Todd, daughter of the Hon. R. S. Todd, of Lexington, Ky. In 1846 he was elected
to Congress, serving for between two and three years, and being counted one of
the foremost of the Whig party. In consequence of his opposition to the annex-
ation of Texas and the Mexican War, he retired into private life. In 1860 he was
elected President of the United States, having received all the votes of the free
States except New Jersey — 180 Electoral votes against 72 for Breckenridge, S9
for Bell, and 12 for Douglas. On the 4th March, 1865, he entered on his second
Presidential term— having received the almost unanimous Electoral vote. On the
night of the I4th April, 1865, he was assassinated.

REV. ROBERT NORTON,

Pastor of tlie First Presbyteriau Church of St. Catharineg, C. "W.
Reteeend and Beloved Sir:

The Undersigned listened with intense interest to your lermon of last Lord's
Day Morning, upon the tragi* death of the late lamented Abraham Lincoln, Chief
Magistrate of the United States of North America.

Believing the views and sentiments therein expressed, to be truthful, forcible
and Scriptural, and that their dissemination in print will promote a just appre-
hension of the great American crisis — a truer Christian sympathy and interna-
tional good will — we respeetfally and earnestly solicit from you a copy of the
same for publication.

Truly yours,

OLIVER S. PHELPS, ALEX. BOLES,

THOS. SHAW, N. M. SAMSOxN,

DANIEL P. HAYNES, H. F. LEAVENWORTH.

M. E. KELLOG, C. W. HELLEMS,

ALPHEUS S. ST. JOHN, JOHN COPELAND,

c. P. SIMPSON, R. Mckinley,

HENRY BROWNLEE, W. A. RAWLINGS,

A. M. MILLS, CHAUNCEY YALE,

St. Catharines, April 24, 1865. WM. W. HUFF,

Mhssrs.' Oliver S. Phelps, Thos. Shaw, D. P. Haynes, & Others ;

Dear Friemds — The Sermon, a copy of which you ask for publication, wns
prepared ia unusual haste ; but since it was received with so much favor, and
oiay promote sympathy between the two great Christian nations of Britain and
America, I place it at your disposal.

Permit me to suggest the propriety of publishing with this Sermon, a guitable
notice of the great and spontaneous gathering of our citizens at Fowler's Hall,
ajpon receiving the tidings of President Lincoln's death.

Sincerely yours,

ROBERT NORTON,
St. Catharines, April 25, 1863.

MR. NORTON'S SERMON.

"And the Lord spake unto Moses that self-same day, lajiag: Get tliee up
into this mountain Abarim, unto Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, over
against Jerico; and behold the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children
of Israel for a possession ; and dik iu the mountain w^hither thou goest up." —
Deut. XXXII ; 48-50.

The Lord rules over all nations. The prosperity and wo,
the life and death of individuals, we are wont to regard as under
his providential supervision. He, who cares for a single person,
more surely cares for the masses of people that make up a na-
tion. The Most High has also definite plans as to nations.
As of old, he now ordains the overthrow of some nations,
•When the cup of their iniquity was full, Egypt and Tyre, and
Babylon, and Persia, and Greece, and Rome fell — God had
ordained it. When Power was perverted to foster oppression,
the decree of extermination went forth. God is terrible when
he condemns a nation. On the other hand there are nations
that are under his special care, as was Israel of old, and Persi,a
during the reign of the virtuous Cyrus. All nations as well as
persons are guilty; and therefore it is not from any special
merit, that they are singled out for progress and a glorious
destiny. The Israelites surely did not deserve to be especially
favored. All that we can say of their merit, is, " they were
less wicked than other nations of the earth." We cannot dis-
cover all the reasons that determine the special favor of God
toward a nation. In the utterances of the prophets we know
full well what it is that provokes his judgments ; but the reasons
for his loving care we can find only as we search the fatherly
heart of God.

God rules by disciplining a favored people, rather than by
lavishing unmixed blessings. The more he loves a peqple, the

b GOD S DISCIPLINE

Sterner is his discipline. Nations are blest or chastened in the
leaders God suffers to be exalted over them. His care extends
to the giving and taking away of rulers. When a people are
mercifully ordained for a safe passage through some fearful
crisis, God gives them leaders adapted for the crisis. " The
pouters that be are ordained of God;'" but this is specially the case
when mighty trials threaten the virtue and very life of a people.

Moses was chosen by a direct and miraculous call of God.
But the divine appointment is just as real, when announced in
other ways. Moses, and Joshua, and David, and Samuel, and
Cyrus, and Alfred, and Queen Elizabeth, and Washington, and
Lincoln, wi&re all raised up of God, to carry out his great plans
of national mercy, to be wrought out amid national wo.

But the history of Israel under the administration of Moses,
is the most clear and instructive exhibition of God's ways of
dealing with a favored people, that can be found on the pages
of any history. The materials that com.posed the chosen people
of God, at the time of their exit from Egypt, were most turbu-
lent and unpromising. Moses, the great, yet meek — energetic,
yet God-fearing — had the most difficult task ever assigned to a
leader. His people were fickle and vicious ; by turns bold and
timorous. The national tie was weak, and the people over
which Moses ruled, can be regarded as little better than a
nation of rebels. Six hundred thousand stalwart men bore
sword and spear as they came out of Egypt ; and six hundred
thousand traitors and rebels against Moses and God, laid their
bones beneath the sands of Arabia.

God's justice against rebellion was most sublime and terrible.
A nation was exterminated even in the process of that discipline
which made their children a loyal and God-fearing generation.
Many a plot was laid against Moses, but rebels could not smite
nor overthrow him till his God-appointed work was done.
Judges, and Sovereigns, and Presidents are armored with steel
that no weapon can penetrate till their assigned task is done.
They are not better men than others. They are not to be
honored as possessed of merit of their own ; but for their office'^s
sake they deserve all honor. They hold the' sword of peace,
and carry God's commission for holding it ; for this let all eyes
centre on them, and all hearts give them honor.

OF NATIONS. 7

The closing scenes of Moses' career are most instructive
and tender. Marching over the graves of their rebelhous
fathers, the loyal, noble, devout hosts of Israel stood on the
borders of Canaan. The beautiful valleys and vine-clad hills
of that fair land lay before them, and every eye w^as fixed upon
the care-worn, reverend form of Moses, as he who should go
on with them to possess the good land, wash away the defile-
ment of its institutions, and re-construct its government on a
divinely-ordained basis.

But all this might not be — God had ordained it otherwise.
Moses had done the work for which he had been raised up, and
now he must die.

That same voice which had thundered forth from the storm-
girt peak of Sinai, spoke unto Moses from the mountains of
Abarim, and ordered him to climb the summit of Nebo, and cast
his eyes over the promised land, and "rfi'e in the mount whither
he went up." Without one complaining word, Moses received
the order. He knew his work was done, and he poured out a
farewell blessing on his people, and then climbed the steeps of
Nebo, and, mounting to the peak of Pisgah, face to face with
God and death, he was bidden to look over the fertile hills and
plains, and rejoice in the goodly land which was soon to be the
peaceful possession of his beloved Israel. Then, said the Lord,
"I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt
not go over thither." Moses beheld the broad vision till he
was satisfied, and then the sleep of God came upon his eyelids,
and the angels buried him.

Blessed is he who dies in the love of a mighty people, in the
midst of great hopes and great promises, assured that his life-
work is done. Thus died Moses, the servant of Israel. Thus
died Stephen amid the dawning glories of the Christian church.
Thus died Wolfe on the heights of Abraham. And thus died
Abraham Lincoln, the late President of the United States.

I stand not here to lavish words of eulogy, but I may honor
a man whom God has honored by placing him at the head of a
great people, to lead them through the most terrible crisis of
modern history.

It is not for a Minister of the Gospel to Uft up his voice in
the din of politics, or discuss party men or party measures in

8 god's discipline

the pulpit; but it is for him to recognize God's Almighty hand,
in national strifes and woes. The Bible deals with the affairs
of nations, as well as individuals ; and if he preach scripturally,
he will hold up the sins of nations, and discuss the judgments
of God, as they thunder through the land.

God has a special care, of modern as well as ancient nations.
His judgments and his discipline are as apparent on the pages
of European and American history, as upon the pages of Jewish
history.

Some nations are being overthrown. Turkey wanes, •' the
waters of the Euphrates are drying up," in accordance with the
prediction of divine prophecy. Spain, once the largest empire
the world has ever seen — great in power and wealth; great in
the horrid reign of her Inquisition, as the destroyer of Protes-
tant martyrs ; great, as the mother of that most hideous insti-
tution of modern society, African Slavery — is shorn of her
power. Her crimes have brought down her ruin. And Rome,
the tyrant of both body and soul, drunk with the blood of saints,
is staggering over the precipice of destruction. God is against
these powers, and the decree of their ruin is almost accom-
plished.

Other nations are the objects of God's special care and favor;
He is working for them a glorious destiny. The signs of the
times tell us this as surely as dawning rays tell us of a rising
sun.

God cared for Germany when she cradled the Reformation
on her bosom ; and he cares for her and prospers her now.
God cared for England, when he tore her from the clutches of
Romanism. He cared for her when he laid bloody Mary low,
and raised up Queen Elizabeth. He cared for her when he
overthrew the despotism of the Stuarts, and disciplined her
through years of civil strife and suffering, that she might be-
eome a truly free and Christian people. He cared for her
when he converted the most gifted of her orators to a simple
faith in Christ, and sent her Wilberforce into Parliament for
thirty long years, to plead the cause of the slave. He cared
for England when Wilberforce and his associates were enabled
to secure the abolition of slavery, before that hideous institution
had grown to such monstrous proportions, that its abolition

OF NATIONS.

might have caused a civil war, in which its dying struggle might
have thrust a dagger into the bosom of our Christian Queen,
even as it has signalled its extinction in the United States, by
the foul murder of a merciful President. O, God is great in
History! By hi? care an infant people were fostered and mul-
tiplied on the shores of America. Says Scripture, " He increas-
eth the nations and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations
and straiteneth them again." While thus bestowing sovereign
mercies on our continent, he planted the true religion here, and
caused it to grow with the nation's growth. Fifty thousand
churches and -fifty thousand preachers now herald the com-
mands of God, in this once howling wilderness. But, like the
children of Israel, the people of America have been a guilty-
people, and drawn down the wrath and discipline of the Most
High. And yet he loves them, and has a mission for them to
perform, so soon as he has purged the national heart of its
sins. The Lord has heard the cry of twenty millions who
have worn the chains of bondage; the complaint of their untold
sufferings and unrequited labor has entered into his ears, and
aroused his wrath. Those millions have been forbidden to read
the Bible by legal enactment. The ties'of marriage and family
have, by law, been declared null and void; and when the crisis
of 1861 came, four millions of immortal beings were then re-
garded and taught to regard themselves as brutes. North and
South, the land has fattened from their unpaid toil ; and Ame-
rican boasts of freedom have received the stamp of hy-pocrisy,
from the black and damning institution of African slavery.

And yet God loves America, and thousands and tens of
thousands of his saints have dwelt, and sighed, and prayed,
among that people, whose national crimes they knew not how
to remove. What they had not wisdom or power to do, God
has done. He has led them by a way that they knew not. He
has led them through a sea of blood more deep and fearful than
the billows of that sea through which Israel passed. He has
been Almighty to discipline as well as to bless. He loved them
even while he "took vengeance of their inventions."

The wrath of man is but the instrument by which God
achieves the discipline of nations. Never, perhaps, in human
history, has such a tide of wrath been allowed to swell up in
B

10 god's DISCIPUNE

the bosom of an infatuated people. Other nations look on m
cool philosophy, and inquire after the motive that has driven
to such appalling acts of war and assassination. Avaunt! ye
speculative dreamers! Stand back before the tornado of wrath
and desperation that surges in a million bosoms, made mad by
slavery. And this very madness is God's great instrument with
which he scourges, and bleeds, and renovates a mighty people.
And now the great drama of discipline draws to a close. The
star of peace and hope rises in the brow of a cloud-canopied
firmament. The last act of this drama comes on; and as the
curtain rises, we see the madness of slavery, in her dying fury,
clutch the weapon of the assassin, and smite down the head of
a great and victorious people. The curtain falls, and a wail of
horror thrills across the American continent. Slavery and
Abraham Lincoln have died together- The one shall be hurled
into the pit of everlasting execration — the name of the other
shall ring in the songs and thanksgivings of a redeemed people
for evermore.

Who was this Abraham Lincoln, whose title is henceforth to
be "the martyred President 1" The Lord called him from the
humblest origin and occupation, even as he did David of old, to
stand at the head of a chosen people. He gave him force and
determination to educate himself. He gave him a large and
noble soul. He was not a brilliant man, but he was better than
brilliant — he was honest and wise. He became, while yet a
young man, the object of unbounded confidence among his fel-
low citizens ; and he rose steadily from one public office to
another, not through any art or intrigue of his own, but because
the people would lift him up. His benevolent heart, from the
very first, abhorred slavery, even while bowing submissively to
the majesty of the law and constitution that tolerated it. He
was among the first in the councils of the nation to bring in a
bill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia,
where the collective power of the nation held undisputed con-
trol. He opposed every aggressive scheme with reference tO'
the territory of adjoining nations. He dared to be right, when
ambitious politicians aspired to be great. He wished his coun-
try to be honest, even as he himself was honest. This con-
scientiousness led him firmly to oppose the annexation of Texas^

OF NATTONS, 11

and all those needless provocations that resulted in the subse-
quent war with Mexico.

In his private life, as I learn from one who knew him well
m his Illinois home, he was plain, frank and affable, and the law
of kindness was on his lips. From intemperance and every
kindred vice he was entirely free. His family were connected
with the Presbyterian Church. Though himself thoughtful and
serious, he made no personal profession of piety. But God's
hand was leading him, and we may believe the great change to
spiritual life was made in his soul while burdened with the
solemn responsibilities of his office, nearly two years ago. In
manly simplicity he avowed his consecration to Jesus, in private
conversation, and he led a life of habitual prayer. God's grace
fitted him to bear with unvarying meekness his honors, ani
calmly to act under the most harrowing difficulties.

It was a most critical period when he was named for the
highest office in the gift of the people. The great issue. Free-
dom or Slavery, forced itself into every national problem. The
slave-holding South was becoming more intensely bitter and
exacting ; and, not content with being let alone, demanded the
extension of the hateful institution into the territories, while
they were becoming settled and prepared to assume the posi-
tion of States. The twenty millions at the North were becom-
ing every year more intensely and conscientiously opposed 1o
human bondage. They would invade no reserved right of any
State, but they demanded the privilege of freely expressing
their opinions as to Slavery, and the prohibition of it in the new
Territories- It was evident that a conflict was approaching.
The elements were gathering blackness^ and yielding, compro-
mising souls did their utmost to evade the crisis, and cry "peace,
peaoe;" but there was no peace! God had decreed war; and
Satan, in the bosom of slaveholders, had decreed it too.

Abraham Lincoln was placed before the people, to represent
one great principle — "opposition to the extension of Slavery."
He was duly elected by the voice of the people. The exaspe-
ration of the slave parly knew no bounds. They vowed they
never would be ruled by an opponent of slavery. With mad
enthusiasm they tore away from the Government, raised
«,Tmies, organized plots, and attempted to seize the capital ani

12 god's discipline

overturn a just and wise Govorninent. Many assassin spirits
openly declared the new President never should be inaugura-
ted ! From the first, the virtuous Lincoln was a doomed man.
The threats grew more wild and loud. He was compelled to
travel to his capital in secrecy and disguise. He was to be a
martyr to his country, but not till his life-work was done. A
thousand raging advocates of slavery would have leaped with
fiendish joy, and even braved death, to plunge the dagger to his
heart. The spirit of murder was abroad, and there was scarce
a voice at the South thai dared remonstrate. But the Heaven-
called President was safe. The Lord was his shield, and the
weapons of assassins were held back.

The spirit that slaveholding engenders is essentially barba-
rous and barbarizing; it delights in cruelty and blood. When
the South Carolina Representative sntote with deadly blows
Senator Sumner, in the Senate Chamber of the United States,
for words he had uttered against Slavery, so depraved was
moral sensibility in the South, that every newspaper approved
of the deed, with two or three insignificant exceptions. The
Slaveholding Power has always justified assassination. While
the Rebellion has been at its hight, the Richmond papers have
publicly advocated the murder of President Lincoln, and pro-
mised the plaudits of the Southern people to the man who was
brave enough to do the deed; and, so far as we know, no officer
or public print of the South ever rebuked or even disapproved
the fiendish proposition.

Lincoln was marked for death, and God alone preserved him
through those four terrible years. He was averse to war, and
would not make even the slightest preparation for it. Frank,
amiable and trusting, he threw himself upon the generosity of
the whole people. Not till the slaveholders deliberately, and
on a large scale, commenced the war, did he enlist a soldier, or
purchase a rifle. But his clemency could not avert what God
had allowed the South to bring upon the nation. War came.
Two millions of soldiers have confronted each other in deadly
conflict. Half a million, it is computed, have been swept to an
untimely grave, or disabled for life. During this long carnival
of blood, God has wrought on the national conscience. Before,
tolerated and caressed, now, slavery has come to be abhorred

OF NATIONS. 13

by all who truly love the Republic. The wealth that slavery
had earned for planters, and nnerchants, and manufacturers, has
all been squandered, and nearly every household is clothed in
mourninff. Lincoln had sworn to support the Constitution, as
supreme Magistrate, and he could not obey the impulse of his
heart to abolish slavery. But when the great military exigency
came, that allowed him as Commander-in-Chief, to set aside all
law for the preservation of the nation, he boldly stepped upon
the platform of Emancipation, and proclaimed the abolition of
slavery throughout the revolted States. This was his great
work. For this God had raised him up, and for this God had
prepared the bloody crisis. But it is one thing to lay out the
work on paper, and quite another to carry the giant purpose
into execution. But the Lord spared him to execute the great
plan. More and more fiercely the war raged, and unheard-of
cruelties were resorted to by the Rebel leaders. The prisoners
of Fort Pillow were massacred in cold blood. The starving of
prisoners was ordered. My heart sickens at the bare thought
of what followed. I cannot paint the horrors of those stockades,
whence over fifty thousand nobleiNorthern youth, gaunt and
idiotic, went through the pangs of most miserable death, up to
the bar of a just God, there to appear as witnesses against those
who ordered their starvation. The Sepoys have done deeds at
which humanity shudders, but none to compare wath the whole-
sale cruelty of the leaders of the Southern Rebellion. God has
made record of it all, and his wrath has not yet been fully
poured out upon the authors of these crimes.

The tender heart of Abraham Lincoln was touched with all
these horrors, and he said with repeated and mournful emphasis
to a lady of my acquaintance, " I never shall be glad any more !
no, 1 never shall be glad any more ! this war is eating out my
life !"

But victory came after victory. The strongholds of rebel-
lion, one after another, fell, with their 2,000 cannon. Rich-
mond capitulated ; army after army laid down their arms. The
nation was wild with joy. Peace lit up the vision of the future.
Thanksgiving guns boomed from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
The nation roused itself from the long agony of suspense, and
shouted and sang its praises to God.

14 god's discipline

The worn President stood apart, without one feeling of ela-
tion. He was pondering schemes of mercy and pardon to the
misguided abettors of treason. Meekly he stood upon the Pis-
gah to which the Lord had invited him to climb. He saw the
broad, bright future. Pie saw America redeemed, renovated,
regenerated, marching on to glory with the foul blot of slavery
washed from her escutcheon. His thoughts were of peace and
millenial blessings. There were voices singing to him out of
the sky of the future, " Glory to God in the highest, and, on
earth, peace and good will to men !" But he might not go in
to possess the land. The decree had gone forth: "Thy work
is done ! this is thine hour to die !" The assassins arm, held
back by Divine power for four long years, leveled the fatal
weapon at his head, and he fell. The blood of a martyred
President, along with the blood of thrice an hundred thousand
patriots, has baptized the soil of a free country. Henceforth
this broad continent is consecrated to freedom, and let all
powers in heaven and earth, say, " Amen, and Amen !"

" Slaves cannot breathe in England !" and never, never
more shall they breathe in America!

Weep not for Lincoln ! He was ready to die. Pie had
settled the question of his citizenship in the spiritual nation of
the redeemed. His great desire to do his duty has been ful-
filled. He had no ambition for a high place. Meek and quiet,
lie is more at home now among the lowliest of the redeemed
about the throne of Christ, than if he were still seated on the
pinnacle of earthly power.

Pie had something worth dying for. And, had he foreseen his
fate, it is not likely he would have shrunk from any duty, nor
held back his life from its needful sacrifice. To secure the
welfare of a great and growing country — to give liberty and an
open Bible to the millions of a race whose inheritance was
slavery, is something worth living and worth dying for. This
was God's allotted work to Abraham Lincoln. He has done it.
Great is his reward in Heaven; and posterity will strew flowers
upon his grave, and bless God for him, as often as returns the
sad yet glorious 14th day of April.

In closing, I remark, that it becomes us to rejoice that the
life of Abraham Lincoln was spared so long. In the midst of

OF NATIONS.

15

funeral grief, in which more than one race and one nation
shares; let us bless the Lord that he was protected in life, until
that life ceased to be a necessity. Most mysteriously was this
assassin, John Wilkes Booth, held back from a long premedi-
tated scheme to either abduct or murder the nation's Chief.
That this loas a premeditated scheme, we have the written testi-
mony of the assassin himself. What held him back so long
from its execution, we cannot imagine, unless it was the direct
interposition of Providence. In this shines most brightly the
mercy of God, and his care of a favored nation.

One admonition the grief and indignation of the present
hour, most emphatically urges upon us. Let us hold no fellow-
ship with the doomed institution of Slavery, and with the trai-
tors and assassins that uphold it. Our own Province, for the
countenance and support that so many of its people have given
to those who have made war in the interest of slavery, may yet
suffer the displeasure and visitation of a holy God. It is no
light thing to express sympathy with those who plunge a nation
into war. with no shadow of an excuse, save that the accursed
institution of slavery was in danger. We are not to condemn
every political revolution. But our condemnation of revolu-
tionists and traitors should be made to turn upon the motive that
prompted their violent acts. When we examine the motive that
impelled to the slaveholders' Rebellion, it is wrong, wholly
wrong, inhuman, and condemned alike by reason and God's
Word. To sympathize, then, with such a giant crime, is, to say
the least, to share in it. To acknowledge that the combatants
have shown great energy, bravery, and many noble qualities,
is neither wrong nor untrue. Such qualities were also dis-
played by Nero and Robespierre; but this did not wash off one
stain of their guilt, nor affect their temporal and eternal doom.
This murder of a good President was but the climax of this un-
godly rebellion ; and this is just as true if the details of the plot
were known to few or many of the rebels. Of the motives that
led to the assassination, we are not left in doubt. We have the
clear written statement of Booth himself. He makes no pre-
tence that he or his family had suffered from any act of the
President. He avows his devotion to the institutions and Go-
vernment of the rebellious States ; and extols slavery as just,

16 god's discipline

and the best form of society. It was his mad zeal for this that
prompted his conspiracy.

O, who will risk his soul, by sympathizing with such men in
such a diabolical cause 1 Their punishment, ordained of God,
is rapidly falling upon their own heads. While we execrate
their crimes, let us mourn the infatuation, and pity the delusion
of the bulk of the Southern people. In regard to most of them,
let us urge the most merciful treatment- l^hey are self-punished,
and punished of God ; let us not add one feather to the weight
of their woes. To the penitent God shows mercy; so should
those ordained by Him to administer earthly government. Let
mercy, mercy! be the watch-word toward the vanquished.
'Tis noble, 'tis God-like to forgive, and heap upon them the
retribution of peace and love.

But this is not all. God is just as well as merciful. If his
servants in the seats of earthly power would be like him, they
would be Just, as m'cII as merciful. The broken law of the
Almighty could not be honoi'ed without the death of a victim.
Who will tell us that human law is such a farce, and human
justice such a mockery, that the impenitent authors of all this
crime and woe should be let go unharmed 1

Look over a thousand miles of battle-field, drenched with
human gore! Look at the regiments of colored troops, butch-
ered in cold blood, after their surrender ! Look at the 50,000
prisoners, deliberately ordered to be starved, as they lie shelter-
less and almost naked, in filth and mire, escaping from their
tortures by the merciful release of death ! Look at the mar-
tyred President, smitten down while in the act of offering free
pardon I

" O Lord God, to whom vengeance belongeth ! O God, to
whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself! lift up thyself, thou
Judge of the earth !"

And ye, O Rulers ! commissioned by Him to wield the
sword of justice, and yourselves soon to be summoned to His
dread tribunal ! O say, shall the chief author of this woe and
slaughter — the head and front of these Satanic crimes, be left
unpunished? In the stockade of the Andersonville prison,
whence 10,800 corpses of noble youth, whom he had starved
to death, were, in sixty short days, carried to the grave — in

OP NATIONS. 17

that foul Golgotha over which humanity weeps, let there be
erected for the prince of this rebellion, the gallows of Haman ;
there let his grave be made; let the black marble be his tomb-
stone, and his epitaph, " Horror ! horror ! horror! — God is just !"

May the grace of the Most High help Andrew Johnson to be
just, as well as merciful I May he not imitate the cruelty of
those whom he punishes ; but let his hand be firm to wield the
sword of justice and of God. May he be the Joshua, leading
a chosen and favored people into the land of promise and resi,
whither Moses might not enter !

For the future of this Western Continent, let us steadfastly
hope. God is working out stupendous designs; it is for us to work
with Him in their accomplishment. That though rulers die,
yet nations live. Divine predictions are marching on to a glo-
rious fulfilment. It is no time for gloom or indolence. Up !
up ! work in the clouded present, for the future is rolling on
with noontide eftulgence 1

Amid this distress of nations, the world is travailing, and the
Millenial day will speedily be borne. If the students of Pro-
phecy for the last three centuries have not been wholly de-
ceived in fixing all their dates, the year 1866 is to witness the
greatest events that have transpired since the death of our
Saviour. What these events will be, we know not ; but it is
probable that they refer to spiritual quite as much as national
transformations. The kingdom of the ever-living Jesus shall
speedily fill the whole earth. Who, unless it be Protestant
England, and Protestant America, will be the standard-bearers
of that kingdom ! Bless God that you were born in this age,
and a citizen of those wondrous nations !

And again, I say,— Up! shake off this funeral grief, and gird
yourself to serve well your country and your God !

MK. BURNS' ADDRESS.

o^erfot^

He whose prerogative it is to- bring- order out of confusiorr^
and light out of darkness, from all this g.eeming evil will evolve
good. It is calculated, assuredly, to supply us with a solemn
and suggestive commentary on the vanity of human dependence.
We are too apt to rest in the (>ut\vard instruments. Perhaps
our neighbors v^^ere beginning to think too much of their great
Chief, and deemed his presence essential to the completion, of
the work in which they are engaged^ But God is not depen-
dent on an arm of flesh. He can carry on His own work in
His own way. By this sad calamity th-ey are taught (and we
also) to cease from man whose breath is in hi& nostrils — to put
not our trust in princes, but in the living God. This mysterious
dispensation seems likely, also, to be overruled by all-wise Pro-
vidence, to draw their country and ours more closely together,
not in any political bonds, but in those of friendship and good
neighborhood. Interested journalists have tried, on both sides,
to produce estrangement. Mercenary hirelingSj dipping
their pens in vinegar, and writing bitter things, have much to
answer for. Events have occurred during this terrible strug-
gle calculated to create asperity of feeling. But as the alien-
ated brothers in the days of old, met beside the grave of their
father Abraham, so, over the honored remains of Abraham Lin-
coln will these two peoples shake hands, and in his grave bury
for ever every ground of variance. Is not this the lesson — will
not this be the result of this universal lamentation ? Every flag
half-mast high; every building draped in the emblems of mourn-
ing; every meeting held; every resolution of condolence passed;
every prayer that rises to Heaven commending that bereaved
iamily and nation to the God of all consolation, will be guaran-

MR. BrRNS ADDRESS. 19

tees raoTe effectual than volunteers, national defences and skill-
ful diplomacy for the perpetuation of a firm and lasting peace.
And, if at any future time, (which may God avert!) causes of
difference should arise, and these brother nations seem disposed
to fall out by the way, his calm, kindly face will look them into
/oue again; and he, being dead, will yet speak, "Let there be
no strife between me and thee, and between my herdmen and
thy herdinea, for we are brethren." Yes, we be brethren —
having the same origin and destiny. One in laws, one in lan-
guage, one in faith, one in the great fundamental elements of
national character — we can echo back the words and recipro-
cate the sentiments of one of their own poets, M'hen he sung —

" Tho' Ages long have parsed

Since our Fathers left their home.
Their pilot in the blast,

O'er uiitravelled seas to roam ;
Yet lives the blood of England in our veins.
And shall we not proclaim
That blood of honest fame,
Which no tyranny can tame

By its chains !
While the maimers, while tlie arts.

That mould a uation's soul,
Still cling around our hearts,

Between let oceans roil,
Our joint communion breaking with the sun;
Yet stiil from either teach
The voice of biood will reach,
More audible than speech,

We are one! we are one !"

This sad calamity will help more than anything else to re-
veal the true character of that accursed system which origina-
ted the tremendous struggle that for the past four years has
raged so near us. Although, for a time, other issues were
raised and persistently urged as the moving spring of the war,
€ven the obtusest intellects and the most obstinate wills are
now ready to acknowledge that slavery was at the bottom
-of it. The demon which possessed the man among the
tombs — whom none could tame, or bind with chains — tearing
him asimder, throwing him down, stripping him of his raiment,
making him foam and rave, and leaving him half dead — vividly
pourtrajs this evil spirit which has so long possessed the body

20 MR. burns' address.

politic in the neighboring Republic, torn and rent it — exhausted
so much of its blood and treasure, and threatened its extinction.
This is the evil spirit which fired the heart, and nerved the arm,
and directed the deadly aim of the dastardly assassin. It has
been undeniably proved that he had no personal wrongs to
avenge. He was smiled upon by his amiable victim. He re-
ceived favors at his hands. Could ingratitude reach a lower
depth 1 Did cowardice ever put on such an air of despicable
meanness I To steal up behind the chair of an unarmed, unpro-
tected, unoffending, unsuspecting man, and that man a benefac-
tor ! Would that the hand had been paralyzed which so ruth-
lessly stopped the pulsations of such a wide, warm heart, and
the workings of such a clear, comprehensive mind !

We know full well that many Southerners sincerely disown the
fiendish crime — that Ould spake truth when he said that it was
the greatest blow the South had sustained ; and the chivalric
Lee no less so, when he declared that he surrendered as much
to the goodness of Lincoln as to the prowess of Grant, and that
the deceased President was the most magnanimous and kind-
hearted man that ever breathed.

We know, too, that many will profess to hoot and hound the
murderer as a villain, who secretly elevate him in their hearts
and homes to the dignity of a hero.

It has not produced the anarchy they expected. Even the
stocks were not in the least deranged by it. Wall-street was
thrown into no panic — it was only covered with crape. Though
more successful than the Gunpowder and Thistlewood Plots,
still it came far short of its full proportions. The Cabinet was
spared, though its distinguished Chief was stricken down. All that
the infatuated conspirators have accomplished has been to
" weld the people into an inflexible band, swayed in a single
direction, and likely to fall with concentrated force on their
own heads. They smote a breast which never shut its gates of
mercy on them ; they have erected another which may be
doubly locked against them." It is the infatuation of Haman
over again. It may seem uncharitable to lay this enormous sin
at the door of the Southern chivalry ; but impartial History
will yet write it down as topping the climax in the lengthened
catalogue of crimes chargeable on the head of that peculiar

3IR. burns' address. 21

institution which Wesley aptly styled, "the sum of all villanies."
The murderer was Southern in his birth, breeding and sur-
roundings. His antecedents, and associations, and antipathies,
were pro-slavery of the rankest kind. Baltimore, his home,
breathed out threatenings and slaughter against his illustrious
victim, when on his way to the Presidential chair. It is the
very tendency of the system, so strangely at variance with the
genius of the nineteenth century, whose death-throes we are
privileged to witness, to form and to foster a blood-thirsty
spirit. Blood, whether drawn by leaden lash, or loaded revol-
ver, is thought little of. The life of a human being becomes of
no more consequence than that of a brute. Slavery revels
amid scenes which would make civilized humanity stand aghast.
Slavery sears the moral sense, deadens all the finer sensibili-
ties, brutifies the affections, and feeds and fires the basest of
human passions. Not to recount the "many infallible proofs"
which Southern slave-pens and auctioneers' blocks, and whip-
ping-posts supply — the rending of the most sacred ties — the
utter ignoring of the matrimonial relation — the unblushing pro-
fligacy— the nameless horrors, which the Inquisition alone can
rival — it is enough to say that the very spirit which has extin-
guished this burning and shining light, was the same that will
have to answer for the cold-blooded massacre of Fort Pillow,
and the starvation of the prisoners at Andersonville — the
very spirit, too, which crept stealthily up to the great anti-
slavery champion, Sumner, and smote him down when quietly
sitting at his desk, in the Senate House.

It has been too common, in Canada, to talk smooth things
with reference to this system, and to fawn on its advocates and
abettors. Abraham Lincoln will not have died in vain if that
death serve to revive the healthy horror of slavery which
should never have slumbered in Canadian hearts — if thereby,
slavery is perched upon a more conspicuous pillory for uni-
versal execration — and the veil which prejudice, and passion,
and interest, and sophistry have woven to conceal its deformity,
be so effectually torn away, that, in the eye of indignant human-
ity, it shall henceforth appear

" A monster of such hideous mieiij,
As to be hated, needs but to be seen."

22 3IR, burns' address.

The martyred President knew the monster he had to grapple
'w'lih. Before ever he had reached the Presidential chair, the
emotions that worked and welled up within him, found vent in
words which have a strange significance when read in the lurid
light of that memorable Good Friday.

" Comihg events cast their shadows before."

Thus, on the 22nd February, 1861, when on the threshold
of his first Presidency, as he raised the flag of his country over
Independence Hall, Pliiladelphia, he spoke of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence, which gave liberty not only to
■*' this country, but I hope," he said, " to the world, for all future
time." Then, Avith a solemnity which the menacing future
justified, he added grandly: "But if this country cannot be
saved without giving up that principle, I was about to say I
■would rather he assassinated on this spot, than surrender it."
The country has been saved by cleaving to that principle, and
he has been assassinated for not surrendering it.

Brave man 1 he was willing to close with the giant monster,
even though in the struggle he would receive his death-wound.
The "witness nobler still," describes this as the acme of human
devotedness — "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man
lay down his life for his friends."

His death is the noblest vindication of his life. That death
•will not be in vain, if it do no more than bring out into vivid
contrast, his own loving, self-forgetting, disinterested, self-sacri-
ficing nature, with the malice, and the rancor which would rather
let loose the "dogs of war," and turn a Continent into an
Aceldama — than submit to its genial, kindly rule.

Nor were these words hastily written. Even in 1858, when
he had no thought of the Presidency, with almost prophetic
eye he saw the "irrepressible conflict" approaching. With
characteristic keenness of perception, he revealed the worm
at the root of his country's prosperity, and sought to make his
countrymen aware of the volcano, on the edge of whose crater
they recklessly slumbered —

*' We are now far ou into the fifth year since a policy was initiated with the
avowed object and confident promise of putting an end to slavery agitation. Un.
der the operation of that policy that agitation has not only not ceased, but has
constantly augmented. In my opinion it will not cease until a crisis shall have
&9ea reached and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot staad," I be-

' MR. burns' address. %S:

lieve this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I
do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but
I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the
other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and
place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of
ultimate extinction ; or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become ahke
lawful in all the States — old as well as new — North as well a.=. South.

The year after, (October, 1859,) the rumbling of the volcano
began to be heard when John Brown, with eighteen at his back,
threw himself on the MalakofT of Slavery ; and John Wilkes
Booth left the theatrical boards at Richmond, to aid the chivalry
of Virginia in the murder of that stern old Puritan. There the
assassin served his apprenticeship, and thence he drew those in-
spirations which ten days ago reached so fearful a culminating
point.

Nor when referring to the Harper's Ferry insurrection, as
revealing the spirit of the slave power, can I omit intimating
my belief that John Brown, not less than Abraham Lincoln,
was a martyr of liberty. He acted the John the Baptist's part.
He prepared the way. He saw the South unequally yoked to
Slavery — Herod-like, in sinful dalliance with this " Mother of
Abominations. He went boldly into its inner chamber and said,
" It is not lawful for thee to have her;" and paid for his fidelity
with his head. Yet, as the headless Baptist never faded from
his royal murderer's view, so has the proto-martyr, whose
"soul is marching on," been a skeleton in each Southern
closet — a Banquo's ghost in their festive halls. He too, like
this second martyr, to whom, in the stern honesty and rugged
grandeur of his character, he bore some resemblance, had
" understanding of the times." The night before his execu-
tion, he thus wrote —

" I am waiting the hour of my public murder with great composure of
mind, and cheerfulness, feeling the strong assurance that, in no other way
could I be used for so much advantage to the cause of God and humanity ; and
that nothing that either I, or all my family, have suffered or sacrificed, will be
lost. The reflection that a wise and merciful as well as just and holy God, rules
not merely the affairs of this world, but of all worlds, is a roclc to set our feet on,
under all circumstances.

"I am quite cheerful in view of my approaching end, being fully persuaded
that I am worth inconceivably more to hang, than for any other purpose.

" I bless God I never felt stronger confidence in the certain and near ap-
proach of a bright morning and a glorious day, than I have felt, and do feel since

24 MR. burns' address.

my coiitinemeiit liero. I cannot remember a niglit so dark as to have hindered
the coming day, or a storm so furious and dreadful as to prevent the return of
warm sunshine and a cloudless sky."

Our neighbors have had, indeed, a "dark night — a furious
and dreadful storm." Their ship of state, laboring in the
trough of the sea, seemed " like to be broken ;" and some,
thinking the great Captain asleep, their hearts failing them for
fear, have cried, " Carest thou not that we perish." But the
martyr of 1865, to whom Mr. Pitt's title (himself too prema-
turely cut of!',) of "the pilot that weather the storm," might be
applied, like the martyr of 1859, was cheered amid all the
gloom, by the thought — ''the morning cometh;" — and now the
"bright morning and glorious day," whose first faint streaks
quivered tremblingly through the bars of John Brown's jail,
seems approaching ; and although just as the hurricane was
being hushed, and the heavens were breaking, a dark cloud has
portentously loomed up, it has rifts through which gleams of
sunlight are being darted, giving assurance to the most despond-
ing, that " though weeping may endure for anight, joy cometh
in the morning."

Thro' the dark and stormy night,

Faith beholds a feeble light

Up the darkness streaking.

" Knowing God's own time is best,

In a patient hope we rest,"

For the full day breaking.

It is cause for thankfulness that Abraham Lincoln lived to
see his great work virtually done, and that he has left behind
him so stainless a name.

A character like his remains a blessing to humanity, and a
study for the coming ages. Had he lived longer, perhaps its
lustre might have been dimmed. Perhaps in the difficult work
of re-construction, through the very benignity of his nature, he
might have erred, and the glory of his second might not have
proved equal to that of his first administration. ** Merciful
men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is
taken away from the evil to come."

He was indeed a "merciful man," kind and tender to a fault —
of the most genial nature — of the most genei-ous impulses. It
pained him to the quick to hurt the feelings of any one ; and

MR. burns' address. 25

one of his last acts was to apologise to a friend for words hur*
riedly spoken, which he misunderstood, and which were recalled
almost, as soon as uttered. The severest provocation would not
throw him into a passion. He possessed his soul in patience.
He would disarm opposition by a little innocent pleasantry^
Yet, with all his harmless levity, and seeming lack of dignity,
were blended a sobriety of judgment, a settled, sustained per-
sistency of purpose, a solemn, at times even sombre saddened
air, which imparted dignity to his ungainly figure, and weight
to his singularly fresh and forceful utterances. His spark-
ling wit and sprightly humor, which appeared to make the
heaviest troubles sit lightly on him, and whose corrusca-
tions lit up the darkest times, were, after all, but " tender
lights playing around the rugged heights of his strong and noble
nature." With tremendous force he seized on plain, stubborn
facts, and with passionless energy, pressed them till his point
was gained. To some he might seem to move too slow; to
others, too fast; but when he felt he was right, with him it was
a very small thing to be judged of man's judgment. When
hot-headed, visionary enthusiasts would be for taking the reins
out of his hands, and driving the car of State to destruction, he
would firmly put on the drag, and hold back to a degree
that would make them curse his dilatoriness.

During those dark days when victory perched on the ban-
ners of rebellion, and the Southern hordes were almost thunder-
ing at the Capital, and when some of these very parlies, seized
with alarm, counselled compromise, he stood firm as a rock.
With all his seeming disposition to yield, nothing would move
liim where principle was involved. A rock was he, rising amid
the whirling eddies of tortuous diplomacy, the surging sea of
contending factions, and the ebb and flow of popular feeling.

" Among innumerable, false, unmoved,
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified.
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal,
^ Nor number, nor example with hire wrought,

To swerve from truth, or change his constant mind,
Though single -"

Hence, in the earlier period of his political history, his stern
opposition to the admission of Texas, and the war with Mexico,
which cost him the temporary loss of popularity, and retirement
D

26 MR. BURNS^ ADDRESS.

into private life. But he lived to see the best part of the peo-
ple come round to his way of thinking, especially on the Mexi-
can question. It has been the same with the great question*
with whose solution his name and fame will be ever asso-
ciated.

When he cancelled Fremont's premature abolition edict,
many of the friends of the slave shook their heads, and boded
evil. But his time was not yet come. A proclamation of
freedom then M^ould have cloven the North asunder, and
secured the establishment of the Confederacy.

When public opinion had reached the point which rendered
such a measure safe, it was at once promulgated. Even then,
it encountered opposition, was laughed at as a bruUim fulnien —
a useless, harmless thunderbolt. But it gradually proved the
sheet-anchor of the Union, and the deatb-biow of the Confede-
racy; and its bitterest opponents are coming round to ihis view.

Yet, in this extreniest step, he was ever true to the kindly
instincts of his nature. He gave due warning before issuing it
at all, and allowed one hundred days of grace prior to its coming
ixito force. He pled with the erring States like a father with
his rebellious children. From his first published utterance after
entering the Presidential chair^ down to the last on the Loui-
siana reconstruction, he was forbearing to a degree.

The echo of the closing words of his last inaugural still
lingers amongst us — like the swan's last notes, the sweetest —

"With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right,
let us strive on to finish the work we nre in, to bind up the nation's wound?, to-
eare for him who shall have borne the battle, and far his widow and his orphans ;
to do all which may achieve and cherish a just aad a lasting peace among our-
selvea and with all nations."

Surely these are not the words of a tyrant. Is it a tyrant's
way to kill with kindness — to heap coals of fire on the head —
not to be overcome of evil, but to overcome evil with goodT
Does it look like a tyrant to counsel clemency to wholesale
murderers — to let doubly-dyed traitors go free 1 Would that
it were " sfc sem'per tyrannis^^ — thus always with tyrants!

At whose door the charge of tyranny most legitimately lies^
it may suffice to put on the one side, Davis, allowing 50,OOQ
Northern veterans to be starved to death in Southern prisons-^

MR. BURNS ADDRESS. »I

and Oft the olfeer hand, Lincoln, permitting as many Southern
soldiers, on their simple word of honor, to return to their homes.
Was this the tyranny for which he was murdered 1

In an age of shams, it is profitable to have such an example
of transparent truthfulness and sterling honesty. In an age of
gold, (alas ! not the golden age !) it is well to be able to point
to one who, amid swarms of speculators and peculators, pre-
served his integrity unimpeached, and whose personal honor is
undimmed by the breath of slander. It is helpful to us all to
know that aiaid all the temptations connected with such a gigan-
tic war, and in a city reeking with impurities, he kept his gar-
ments undefiled, and held fast the profession of his faith without
wavering. To all his other excellencies he added this crown-
ing one — he was a Christian — the highest style of man. And,
as if to show that there are no circumstances, however out-
wardly unfavorable, in which we may not become Christians,
and live as Christians, it was not in his quiet Western home
which he left impenitent, but it was amid the excitement of war
— the toil and turmoil of office — amid all the harrowing and
harrassing cares that came upon him daily, that he acquainted
himself with God, and was at peace.

History will give to this remark^ible man a higher niche
than will be assigned to him now. "We are too near him t&
judge righteous judgment. A century hence his name will be
more fragrant. The difficulties of his position will be more
fully appreciated. The asperities awakened by the present
war will be forgotten. Then yet more luminously will Abra-
ham Lincoln shine forth a bright and beautiful illustration of
whatsoever things are true, honest, lovely and of good report —
a stimulus and a study to the rising generations — a model for
our coming men. The Moses of the great modern Exodus, he
bas not been permitted to enter the promised land of liberty.;
but with eye not dim, nor natural force abated, he got a Pisgah
glimpse.

"Mourn for the man of long-eiidaring blood.

The statesman moderate, resolute,

Whsle in himself, a comn)on good.
Mourn for the man of amplest influence,
Yet clearest of ambitious crime,
«Our greatest yet with least pretfence.

28 MR. burns' address-.

Rich in saving common-sense,
And, as the greatest only are,
In his simplicity sublime.

O voice from which their omens all men drew,.
O iron nerve, to true occasion true,
0 fall'n at length that tower of strength
Which stood four-square to all the winds that blew ?
Such was he whom we deplore.
The long self-sacrifice of life is o'er.
His voice is silent m your council hall
Forever ; and whatever tempests lower,
Forever silent : even if they broke
In thunder, silent ; yet remember all
lie spoke among you, and the man who spoke r
Who never sold the truth, to serve the hour,
Nor palter'd with Eternal God for power ;
Who let the turbid streams of rumor flow
Thro' either babbling world of high and low ;
Whose life was work, whose language rife
With rugged maxims hewn from life ;
Who never spoke against a foe.
Such was he ; his work is done :
But while the races of mankind endure,
Let his great example stand
Colossal, seen of every land.
And keep the soldier firm, the statesman pure;
Till in all lands and thro' all human story
The path of duty be the way to glory.
And let the land whose hearths he saved from shame,.
W&r many and many an age proclaim
At civic revel and pomp and game ;
And when the long-illumined cities flame,
Their ever-loyal iron leader's fame.
With honor, honor, honor, honor to him,
Steraal honor to his name.

— [Tennyson,, on the Duke of WellingtOB-

PUBLIC MEETINGS,

AND DEMONSTRATIONS OP GRIEP,

-A^T ST- O -A. T H .A. I?. I 2Sr E S , O. "S^^T".

Upon the receipt of tidings of the President's assassination^
the most intense excitement prevailed. The flags upon the
pubhc buildings, shipping and private dwellings, were at half-
mast, and nearly every countenance wore the expression of
profound grief.

An impromptu meeting was held, preliminary to a mass
meeting of the citizens, and the Mayor of the city issued the
following

PROCLAMATION.

ARE QUE ST of a large number of the inhabitants of this Town,
having been made to me with a view of adopting some measures
by which we may express our sympathy and respect for the late Abra-
ham Lincoln, President of the United States, during the time of his
Funeral, — I, William Eccles, do therefore, in obedience to such re-
quest, respectfully request that all places of business within the Town
be closed (to-day, Wednesday, April 19lh,^ for the space of one hour:
from 12 o'clock, noon, until 1 o'clock P. M.
Given under my hand and Corporate Seal, this 18th day of April, 1865o.

W. ECCLES, Mayor..
St. Catharines, April 18, 1865.

30 APPENDIX.

At'the hour of twelve, on Wednesday the I8th, the stillness
of Sabbath prevailed, interrupted only by the tolling in concert
of all the bells, and a Union devotional service was held at the
First Presbyterian Church. A notice of the same from the pen
of Mr. William Grant, editor, we clip from the St. Catharines
Evening Journal:

THE PRESIDENT'S FUNERAL.

The religious services at the First Presbyterian Church to-day were
attended by a much larger number of people than could have been
anticipated from the limited notice given, and the services were of the
most impressive and solema kind. The Rev. Dr. Cooney was called to
the Chair, and after opening the meeting in an appropriate manner,
called upon the Rev. R. F. Burns and James R. Benson, Esq., to unite
in prayer. Singing then followed, when the Rev. Robert Norton and
Richard Collier, Esq., offered up short prayers, followed by singing by
the choir and congregation. The Rev. J. B. Howard then engiged in
a most earnest and effective prayer, when an appropriate piece was
sung, and the benediction pronounced by the Rev. Mr. Norton. So
effective were the prayers, and so much did the occasion impres-^ itself
on the minds of the congregation, that we noticed many weeping who
were not wont to indulge in such exhibitions. The church was draped
in mourning, the pulpit being surmounted by the British, Amei-ican,
and Fifth Battalion flags — kindly lent by Col. R. Macdonald and Mr.
Haynes; while outside were two Union Jacks, draped in mourning, and
at half-mast, the latter being supplied by Capt. Norris.

PUBLIC MEETING IN EOWLER^S HALL.

REPORT OF THE SPEECHES, RESOLUTIONS, &c.

Condensed from the St. Catharines Weekly Post, from a full Report
prepared hj Mr. J. D. Murray, Editor.

On the evening succeeding the funeral of the President, by previous
appointment, our citizens assembled in Fowler's new and spacious Hall.
The tasteful arrangement of flags and mourning drapery, the sad inter-
•est which marked every countenance, made the scene and the occasion
peculiar and long to be remembered. It was one of the largest and

APPENDIX. 31,

most influential meetings ever held in this town. The Hall was over-
crowded, and the audience manifested in a subdued, but yet demonstra"
live manner, their approbation of the friendly spirit and sympath etic
feeling towards our American neighbors, and toward the family and
relatives of the late President, which pervaded the several addresses
delivered on the occasion.

On motion of D.^P. Haynes, Esq., seconded by R.Lawrie, Esq., the
Mayor, Wm. Eccles, Esq., was called to the chair.

It was then moved by D. P. Haynes, Esq., seconded by W. E-.
McKiNLEY, Esq., that C. P. Camp, Esq., Town Clerk, act as Secretary.

The Chairman rose and said it was with feelings of pleasure, min-
gled with feelings of the deepest sorrow, he occupied that chair, met as
they were to sympathise with the citizens of a great nation in their
great calamity — the loss of their President, — a good, worthy, and honest
man. I see around me, not Americans only, but English, Irish, Scotch,
and Canadians, and I know that a sense pervades the minds of all pre-
sent that the death of Mr. Lincoln is a great loss, not only to the Ame-
rican people, but to us al^o. No man sought more than he to maintain
the relations of peace existing between these two countries, I am sure,
had he lived, he would continue to raise his voice and hand to avert the
calamity of war. He was cut down by the hand of a cowardly assassin
when the United States were on the eve of realizing the success of his
policy; and though there may be Southern sympathizers in this com-
munity, I am convinced that all will feel that a good and great man has
fallen. Not long ago we became alarmed in this country by the appear-
ance of a speck on the horizon which might have expanded into the
dreadful gloom of a calamitous war, but through the honest efforts and
pacific policy of this noble man the cloud was dispelled, and his policy
towards all other countries was peace. I do not intend to take up any
more of your time by reference to his private and public virtues ; but
allow me, before I sit down, to express my sincere desire that those
banners mournfully draped and blended on our walls, may always float
over a mercantile marine engaged in peaceful commerce, and never,
never be hoisted on either side in a spirit of defiance.

T. Mack, Esq., M. D., rose then to move the first resolution. He
remarked that such an irreparable loss as was sustained by the Ameri-
can people in the death of President Lincoln is often alleviated by the
kind sympathy of neighbors and friends. In this matter it was with
nations as with families. We are to the American people their nearest
neighbors. We have lived with them for about half a century on
friendly terms, and this event which clothed them with sadness came

32 APPENDIX.

liome to us in many ways. He had always entertained great respect
for Mr. Lincoln personally, and it gave hira pleasure to see so much
genuine sympathy exhibited by the Canadian people. It implied that
he (the late President) was held in great esteem, and that the atrocious
crime by which the neighboring nation was deprived of him as their
head, was held in just abhorrence. He alluded approvingly to, Lincoln's
own intentions and integrity, and to his pacific policy towards Great
Britain ; and said he hoped that, whatever expressions of irritation
might bo indulged in, we should never be deterred thereby from per-
forming every duty that devolved upon us as friends and neighbors.
He therefore moved that it be —

Resolved — Tliat wo feel it to be our duty to express our heartfelt sympathy
with our neighbors of the American Union in tlie great loss they have sustained
by the untimely death of their belored President, the late Abraham Lincoln.

Rev. Dr. CooNEY, D. D., seconded the resolution. He said he little
thought when on the preceding Friday evening he addressed an audi-
ence in that Hall, that he would so soon re-appear on that platform
thus overhung by the draped symbolf> of the patriotism and nationality
of these two great kindred nations. In his mind's eye, he thought he
saw before them the coflBu of the illustrious President, and upon it laid
the affectionate tributes of sorrowing nations in emblems of their respec-
tive nationalities; and, representing the Canadian people on that plat-
form, in the name of those principles and virtues which adorn and exalt
a nation, he would take the Maple Leaf — the representative of our own
native forests — and lay it upon the coffin, and he would exclaim — "Sit
tlhi terra levis Abraham Lincolniensis," (Light be the earth on the grave
of Abraham Lincoln.) This was not a time, however, to indulge in rheto-
rical flourishes. The subject was too great and solemn for that. On such
an occasion it was our duty to go to the Bible alone for those sugges-
tions which gave suitable direction to our thoughts and meditations.
There we were taught that " man who is born of woman is of few days
and full of trouble," — a suitable epitaph for the tomb of the deceased
President, for the tombs of Kings and Queens, and of all classes and
conditions of men. When such passages as these are lithographed upon
the tombs and cenotaphs which cover our cemeteries — conveying a
warning which we would do well to bear constantly in mind — then, the
churchyard, instead of being a place of graves, would become a place
of instruction and wisdom. That warning this moment speaks to us
louder than the wail of a mourning nation, which falls on our ears like
a funeral dirge, filling our hearts with sadness — louder than the roar of
cannon and the noise of drums — louder than the measured tread of

APPENDIX. 33

armies — than the funei'cxl toll of bells; more impressive than the solemn
pomp which this day attended the funeral obsequies of the deceased
President; and while it speaks to us through weeping, mourning, and a
heartfelt sympathy, which exhibits itself in a variety of phases, it shows
how important it is for a nation like the United States, — in the midst of
the cloud which even rests upon Mount Zion — which has put our
churches in the drapery of mourning, and caused our drooping national
flag to express a sympathy which otherwise could not adequately be
declared — to look to Almighty God alone for guidance, and cease from
man whose preath is in his nostrils. We feel it to be a duty incumbent
upon us to sincerely sympathise with the people of the United States in
their great national affliction, and we owe it to our Father in Heaven to
extend that sympathy to the family of the deceased President and to
the family of the Secretary of State. After alluding to the assassina-
tion of Mr. Percival, and to the conspiracy which contemplated the
wholesale murder of the Marquis of Harrowby's Cabinet, the learned
Dr. spoke emphatically of the assassination of President Lincoln, — the
greatest crime of the age,^ — criminis Celebris — as giving historic fame to
Abraham Lincoln. We regret we are unable to give a more extended
report of the venerable Doctor's speech.

The following Resolution was moved by Rev. Robert F. Burns,
Pastor of the Canada Presbyterian Church; and seconded by Rev.
Robert Norton, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. Want of
space compels us to omit their lengthy addresses, as reported in the
Post.

Resolved — That we recognise with rehgious awe and humble submission the
will of the Almighty in permitting such a man at such a time, to fall by the hand
of an assassin.

Delos W. Beadle, Esq., rose to move the next resolution. He said he

regretted the absence of the gentlemen to whom it was assigned, W.

McGiverin, Esq., M. P. P., and the more so, as he was conscious of his

own inability to pourtray the private and public virtues which adorned

the life of that great man whose loss the whole brotherhood of nations

have cause to deplore. Nations were not now as in ages past, isolated.

iSteam and electric telegraphs have brought the remotest countries

.•ilmost within speaking distance of one another. The Arts, Science and

Commerce were knitting separate commonwealths and communities

together. And so true is this of our own position in relation to the

United States, that we find it difficult to transact the most ordinary

business without being reminded of how closely identified our interests

are. There is no people that could be equally with us affected by a

foreign policy on the part of the United States different from that pur-

34: APPENDIX.

sued by the late President. The loss of such a man, at such a time, is

to us a source of grief. Knit together as we and the American people

are by ties of blood and commercial intercourse, we have reason to

lament and be sad, for we know not what changes may result from the

sad event that has clothed the neighboring Republic in mourning. So

long as Abraham Lincoln lived we felt safe. We had confidence in his

integrity and wisdom. After some further remarks, he moved that it be

Resolved — That his virtues as a private citizen, and his ability, benevolence
and sterling integrity as the head of a great people, make his loss a calamity, not
to the United States alone, but to the whole brotherhood of civilized nations.

Rev, G. M. W. Carey, of the Queen street Baptist Church, in second-
ing the Resolution, said — I am pleased with this meeting to-night. I
rejoice to see this manifestation of genuine feeUng. It is fit and proper
that we should sympathize with our neighbors of the adjoining Republic
in their deep sorrow at the foul murder of Abraham Lincoln, their
faithful and esteemed Chief Magistrate. The American people have
not been slow in expressing their sympathy with us in our national
bereavements. They manifested their regard for our model and beloved
Sovereign, not only in their eagerness to do the Prince of Wales honor
when he visited this continent, but also in their appreciation of the worth
and true nobility of the Royal Consort, when tidings came of his sudden
and lamentable death. Great Britain, with her colonies, and the United
States together mourned the departure of Albert the Good. And we
do well, sir, to weep with our neighbors in their present great calamity.
The late President needs no poor eulogy of mine; his life speaks for
itself. "He, being dead, yet fpeaketh." He ^ as simple in his tastes
and habits; honest, candid, reverential and God-fearing, firm, humane
and merciful ; and an uncompromising lover, advocate and guardian of
freedom. We deplore the loss of " such a man at such a time," while
using and counselling clemency to a fallen and prostrate, foe. I may
use the language of England's greatest dramati'-t —

" He hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been

So clear in his great office, that his virtues

Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against

The deep damnation of his taking off."
His name will go down to posterity coupled with that of George Wash-
ington, " the Father of his country." He gave liberty to the oppressed
and freedom to the slave. This will make the name of Lincoln memo-
rable. His life, written by some of the scholarly historians of the Re-
public, will find its fitting place among the American classics, such as
the writings of Irving, and Motley, and Everett^ and Bancroft. Now,
and in time to come, when young America inquires for the best model

APPENDIX. y35

of honesty, industiy, integrity and success, be will be pointed by liis
parents, teachers and guardians to the life of Abraham Lincohi.

The Hon. J. G. Currie, M. L. C, in aioving the next Resolution'
remarked, that at the preliminary meeting of American citizens and a
few others,' held on Monday evening, he knew when he suggested that
this meeting should be called to give general expression to the sympa-
thy felt by our people with their neighbors in their national affliction,
that the suggestion would be heartily and warmly responded to; and
in giving utterance thus to our sympathy, he believed we only antici-
pated a similar expression of condolence from our beloved Queen. He
had no doubt that of all the addresses of condolence which the widow
of the late Pre:^ident would receive, none will be kinder or more aiTec-
tionate than the autograph letter of our gracious Sovereign. They met
that evening to perform a solemn duty, not simply because they mourned
the loss of the chief ruler of that great nation, but also because they
esteemed him as a good man and a Christian statesman. There are
times when we feel too strongly to speak or to act, and he fancied he
saw in the mournful expression of their countenances a depth of feeling
to which no adequate utterance could be given. No wonder! He {yh.
G.) could challenge any man to point out a single word that was ever
uttered or penned by the late noble President disrespectful to our na-
tioa or to our institulious. He (Mr. C.) fain hoped that in this respect
his example would be followed by his successor, and reciprocated by
our own statesmen, so that peace and friendly intercourse between
these two great and enlightened niations might be forever perpetuated
and that those national flags which in the drapery of mourning hung
on the walls of that hall, would forever continue side by side in peace.
It was not his object to pronounce an eulogy of Mr. Lincoln. That duty
was assigned to better hands; but he would just in a few words remark
that a good man could place no biography in the hands of a dear child
■better to assist him in the formation of character than the life of Abra-
Uam LiftGoln; and America would cease to exist ere his memory was
■effaced from the minds of the American people. He begged leave to
submit that it be —

Resolvsd — That, united as we are witli the American people by the ties of
kiudrcd, and -by social and commercial intei-course, it is our earnest desire and our '
fervent prater that '' He by whom Kings leign and rulers decree justice, " may
direct the counsels of the Governments of the United States and of our own Em^
pire, so that the pacific policy propounded by the late President may be pursued,-;
and peace «nd amity between these two great Christian nations may be perpetu-
ated.

Rev. J. B. HowAUD, Minister of the VVesleyan Methodist Church,

In seconding this Resolution, delivered a lengthj and most interesting

86

APPENDIX.

address. We have room only for a few choice passages. Pie remarked,
Abraham Lincoln was no ordinary man. I have studied his character
and his policy, from the time when with tearful eye and earnest utter-
ance he said to his friends in Spring-held, " pray for me," down to the
termination of his glorious career, and I have learned to respect, admire,
and love him. But the history of the past four years remains to be
written, and when faithfully written, the name of Abraham Lincoln will
stand on the page of American history only second, if second, to that of
the world-renowned Washington, the illustrious Father of his country.
But my resolution leads me to speak of the unity which exists between
our own nation and the neighboring Republic, and calls upon us to pray
that those bonds of union may be perpetuated and strengthened. These
sentiments, sir, are in accordance with my deepest feelings and my
strongest convictions. I have never beheved that there was any real
danger of war between these two nations; there is nothing for ms to go
to war about; and there are a thousand ties of consanguinity, and lan-
guage, and literature, and commerce to bind us together. We may
safely say, that the heads and the hearts of these nations are rio-ht.
Look at the rulers of our own land. Has our honored and beloved
Queen any enmity towards the American people, or any desire to go
to war with them ? Has that venerable and venerated statesman. Lord
Palmerston, lost confidence in the honor and integrity of the American
Government? or does Lord John Russell, or Mr. Cardwell, or other
leading British statesmen desire or expect a rupture between the two
countries? And on the other hand, did the great, frank, honest, kindly
heart of the lamented Abraham Lincoln cherish one feeling of enmity,
or did his lips ever utter one ungracious word towards our Queen, or
our country? And what American statesman wants to go to war with
Britain. We speak of Wm. H. Seward, and there has been a feelino-
amongst us that he was not quite so friendly towards us as he mio-ht
be. He is an ardent Republican, jealous of his country's interests, and
sensitive regarding her honor. He has an iron will, and a facile pen,
but he has a clear head, and I believe an honest heart. Our leading-
statesmen respect and trust him; and let us earnestly pray that God,
who has so graciously preserved his hfe from the fell thrust of the infa-
mous assassin, may speedily raise him up from his bed of suffering, and
that he may long be spared to devote his splendid talents to secure the
prosperity and happiness of his own great country, and promote the
peace of the world. And, sir, not only are the heads of these nations
sound, but their hearts are right, and their involuntary pulsations are
in sympathetic unity, and when occasion calls for a demonstration of it.

APPENDIX. ^7

we see with what spontaneity it bursts forth. A few years ago our
beloved Queen sent out her illustrious son to represent her in these
distant realms. What was his reception in the United States? How
did our brethren there feel and express themselves ? The deep, strong-
impulses of the national heart were touched and awakened by the pre-
sence of the son of Britain's noble Queen ; and that inetinclive, sponta-
neous, unanimous feehng burst forth in one continuous ovation during
his whole journey through the Northern States. The hearts of the
American nation, the intelligent Christian sentiment of the American
people, is for peace, and not for war. But is this kindly feeling recipro-
cated by us? Were we to be judged by the utterance of some amongst
us, our neighbors might conclude that our strongest feelings towards
them, were those of enmity, and that our most ardent wishes were for
their disintegration and humiliation. But are these really the sentiments
and feelings of the Canadian people ? I think I know something of the
people of this country, and raaugre the assertion to the contrary, I an-
swer, no! Do you ask for proof? Is it not here to-night? is it not
coming to us from every part of our land? is it not felt in every house-
hold, and in every honest British heart? Why does our whole land
put on the habiliments of mourning? why does every city, town, and
village in in our Province show signs of sadness? Why these simulta-
neous gatherings of the people, with sad countenances and tearful eyes?
A neighboring nation mourns ! a kindred people are afflicted ! a Prince
and a great man has fallen amongst them; they are our brethren, their
loss is our loss, and their sorrow is our sorrow. Have we not proof
that those strong ties of kindred which make us one people, are still
unbroken, and can we not confidently believe, while we pray, that the
God of our fathers will in His infinite mercy, continue His blessino- to
the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race, that there may be no
strife between us, but a noble emulation to push forward the victories
of the cross, and to subjugate the world to Christ.

Rev. Henry Holland, Rector of St. George's Episcopal Church
spoke in an impressive tone, of the horrible criminality of assassination;
and urged the recognition of God's Providence in the great catastrophe.
He expressed condolence and sympathy with the bereaved family of the
President, and moved that it be —

Resolved — That we deeply sympathize with the family and relatives of the
deceased President in their sad and unexpected bereaTement, and tbat the follow-
ing gentlemen be a committee to forward tiie address of condofence to Mrs. Lin-
coln, accompanied by a copy of the resolutions adopted by this meeting, viz :

Hon. Jas. G. Currie, J. R. Benson, Esq., and the Mayor.

James R. Benson, Esq., in rising to second the Resolution, remarked

38 APPENDIX.

that it was impossible for him to give expression to his heart's emotions
on this occasion. He was pleased to find that the sympathy manifested
by this meeting extended throughout our Province; and tliat the crime
which deprived the American people of their illustrious Chief Magis-
trate was regarded with just abhorrence. One can defend himself
from the attacks of an open enemy, but who can always be on his guard
ao-ainst the deadly blow of the secret assassin ? Mr. Lincoln received
that blow, not because of any fault or wrong-doing in his private rela-
tions in life, for in his private life he was a most inoffensive man ; but
because the calls of public duty placed him at the head of the Govern-
ment at a critical period. It were strange if different feelings were not
-engendered by the conflict. It'were strange if in the discharge of his
most difficult duties he did not do some things which created harsh
thoughts and provoked harsh criticism; but it was impossible for him
to pursue any other course than he did and remain faithful to his coun-
try. Take him all in all, and we shall not soon see the like of liim
again. He indeed proved to be one of God's noblest works — an honest
man. A previous speaker remarked that he did not mean to discu=;s
Mr. Lincoln's policy. He (Mr. B.) had no fear to speak on that subject.
He had yet to learn that amongst a people who felt proud that the blot
of slavery has been removed from the escutcheon of our own country,
one need hesitate to declare his approval of Mr. Lincoln's policy. Sla-
very was the sole cause of the trouble which culminated in the rebel-
lion, and to perpetuate and extend it the weapons of rebellion were
raised. The name of Mr. Lincoln will go down to posterity side by side
with that of Washington, for upon him devolved the duty of untying the
knot which proved to be the difficulty between North and South. He,
ns the instrument in God's hand, has done for his country what justly
entitles him to stand pre-eminently at the head of the nation for all
time to come. After some more remarks the speaker resumed his seat.
The last Resolution was moved by C. P. Simpson, Esq, and seconded
by Robert Lawrie, Esq. The mover remarked: — The Resolution I
am called upon to move is not one expressive of our esteem for the de-
parted President, or of our great sorrow for his untimely death; nor
'does it refer to our sympathy for the American people, on account of
the great calamity that has so suddenly and cruelly befallen them. All
these have been fittingly expressed by the former speakers. Yet the
Resolution placed in my hands is nevertheless of great importance. We
;have, my friends, heard the thunder of the cannon, speaking forth in
;solernn and perchance wrathful tones, their sorrow for the fall of their
Chief; and that a great calamity has befallen the world. From post to

APPENDIX. 39

post the muffled drum has also called the stern warriors from their
labors, and bid them drop a tear for their fallen Commander; and hearts
long unused to beat with sympathetic sorrow were found to be like
children's, so great was their love for their President, and so overwhelm-
ing the news of his assassination. But the roar of the cannon has died
away, the rolls of the drum closed, and Freedom's legions are looking
home. But my Resolution proposes that we should speak in louder
tone than than that of artillery, and be heard farther than the rolling
drum; that our voice should not only be heard once, but alway; and
that we should tell the people of the great Republic our sorrow and
our sympathy for the loss of a man so great, so noble and so good as
Abraham Lincoln, It is fitting that we thus speak. It is fitting that
the world, and especially our brethren of the great Repubhc, should
know, and remember, that we have wept together in this great wo; that
we of Canada — that we of St. Catharines, have wept from the heart
over the grave of Abraham Lincoln. I move, therefore —

That the Proceedings of this meeting be published in the local papers, and
be forwarded for publication in the Toronto Globe, and Leader, and New York
Tribune, Times, and Herald. — Carried.

A vote of thanks having been tendered to the Chairman, the Rev.
Mr. Holland pronounced the benediction.

Amid all of our Municipal demonstrations of sorrow, sympathy and
respect for the tragic death of the late Abraham Lincoln, at the hands
of a theatrical assassin, none ^vere greater or more sincere than that of
the Colored People of this town, on Wednesday, April 19, 1865; for
they evidently considered him their chosen Moses. And had there
been found one dead in each of their houses, on that memorable day,
as amongst the Egyptians of old, their grief could not have been more
apparent or more expressive. Their church on Geneva street was neatly
draped in mourning on that funeral occasion ; and their excellent pastor,
the Rev. L. C. Chambers, preached a most impressive and feeling ser-
mon to his people — one and all of whom spoke, acted and felt as if they
had lost one of their best friends. Their choir sang with unusual
pathos and fervor many hearse-like airs; and lastly, "John Brown's
soul is marching on."

During the continuance of the civil strife and rebellion in the Uni-
ted States, from the firing of the first gun in April, 1861, at the city of
Charleston, South Carolina, down to the surrender of Gen. Robert E.

40

APPENDIX.

Lee, in April 1865, none were more loyal and brave, or performed
greater or more hazardous services to their Government than did these
dusky sons and daughters of the sunny South. They acted as soldiers,
guides, scouts, bearers of despatches, spies, &c., to Gens. Grant, Sherman,
Sheridan, and to all the- other Northern leaders, and thereby helped on
the good cause of crushing out this cuseless slaveholders' rebellion, and
of bringing about, for their oppressed people, for all time to come, Free-
dom, Liberty and Emancipation.

~n.;iooo. Dg'i.oiS6i

f *