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DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE,

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SCIENCE BULLETIN,
No. 3.

September, 1911,

March Flies

WALTER W. EROGGATT, E.L.5.,

Government Entomologist.

Workers in the respective branches of Economic Science covered

by this series of Science Bulletins will receive such of them as may

be of use in their special branches of study upon application to the

Under Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Sydney.

t 1586

SYDNEY; WILLIAM APPLCGATC GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.— 1911,

No. of Copies Issued, 1,000.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
NEW SOUTH WALES.

SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

MARCH FLIES.

BY

WALTER W. FROGGATT, F.L.S.,

Government Entomologist.

t 1586

SYDNEY: WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICKt GOVERNMENT PRINTER.

1911.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

NEW SOUTH WALES.

SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

MARCH FLIES.

WALTER W. FROGGATT, F.L.S., Government Entomologist.

THE family Tabanidke is one of the most important groups of the flies from
an economic point of view, in habits, range, and numbers. In the latest
list of Diptera, about 1,800 species have been described, of which the
typical genus Tabanus contains half, or 900 species, from all parts of the
world, and in this number are included forty-eight species found in
Australia.

These biting flies are commonly known in the Australian bush as " March
Flies," under the impression that they appear in March; but though usually
most abundant towards the end of summer, they can be found in suitable
localities all through the warmer months of the year. In England their
popular name is " Breeze Flies," on account of their loud hum when, flying;
or " Gad Flies," on account of their blood-sucking propensities, and the
way they annoy horses and cattle in their resting-places. In America they
are known as " Green Heads," from the usual deep green tint of their very
large eyes; and in some districts simply as " Horse Flies."

These flies are well known in the bush, not onh^ from the savage way in
which they fasten on one's horse to suck up blood, but also from the per-
sistent manner in which they settle upon the hands and neck of the traveller,
and allow themselves to be killed in their eagerness to draw blood.

The typical March Fly is of a uniform greyish brown, or dull-yellow
tint, marked with brown; the abdominal segments barred or blotched with
darker tints. The head is large, the greater portion taken up with the large
eyes, which in the males almost meet at the front of the head. ' The
thorax is well defined, as broad as the body, and fitting close against the
head along the front margin. The wings are large, strongly veined, and
adapted for sustained flight; the legs stout; and the abdomen of a uniform
width from the hind margin of the thorax to the rounded tip of the abdomen,
and somewhat flattened on the dorsal surface.

The male March Flies live upon the sap of plants, the honey-dew exuded
by homopterous insects, aphids, &c. ; and they sometimes ' attack aphids and
other soft-bodied insects and suck up their blood ; but it is only the female
flies that have the true blood-sucking instinct. Like mosquitoes " and other
blood-sucking flies, it is probable that the r females, in ^ defrft of 'blood,
adopt the habits of the males,1 and live upon vegetable s'dp.

SCIENCE BULLETIN No. 3.

The females deposit their spindle-shaped brown or black eggs in masses
upon the foliage of plants growing on flat, swampy land, or round the edges
of lagoons and water-holes. According to Professor J. S. Hine, several
species in the United States hatch out in nine days. The larvae live in wet
soil, under rotten logs, or stones, and sometimes even in the water, where
they feed upon all kinds of small creatures. Professor Hine reared them
very easily in jars of moist earth, supplied with chopped-up worms. After
pupating, they remained in the dormant state till the following spring, so
that their life history occupied about eleven months.

The larvae are elongate, eleven -jointed maggots, each segment encircled
with a row of fleshy tubercles, very well defined on the ventral surface.

Nothing is known regarding the life-history of any of our Australian
species, and there is a wide field for investigation in studying the earlier
stages of our biting flies.

In other parts of the world a great deal of attention has been given to the
range and life-histories of Tabanid flies, since it has been proved that several
species transmit, when biting, the blood parasites of man and domesticated
animals, causing some of the most deadly tropical diseases. In most of the
tropical agricultural experiment stations the entomologists are devoting
much of their time to the study of these flies. At the Agricultural Kesearch
Laboratories at Pusa, India, Mr. ITowlett was specially engaged to work
on these flies; and at Cairo, the Soudan, and other stations in tropical
Africa, work is being carried out to find the distribution of these insects.
In the laboratories of the Tropical School of Medicine at Liverpool,
Mr. Newstead is tabulating the collections received from all parts of the
world.

Mr. Austen, of the British Museum, has issued two works, one dealing
with the " Tse-tse Flies of Africa," and the second with the biting flies of
Great Britain. Miss Ormerod had previously, in her " Annual Reports on
Injurious Insects," devoted many pages to them. All over the world col-
lectors are on the lookout for flies belonging to this family, on account of
the important role they play in economic entomology.

Through the publication of Part III of Dr. Kertesz's " Catalogus Dip-
terorum," 1908, we are now enabled to obtain some idea of the number of
species that have been described, and the countries in which they are found.
It is very unfortunate that so many of the Australian species have been
described with no other locality attached except " New Holland " or
" Australia." It is therefore only by collecting specimens, with authentic
locality labels attached, and by sending duplicates to specialists where the
original type specimens are kept and having them determined, that we can
obtain any idea of the range of our indigenous species of biting flies.

The writer proposes to give some notes on the species known to him, some
of which are figured in the accompanying plate, and a list of species
described from Australia.

The genus Pangonia contains a number of large, handsome flies, found
in open forest country, often resting upon the trunks of trees. The mem-
bers of this genus have a world-wide range, and about twenty species have

MARCH FLIES.

been described from Australia. A species has been recorded from New
Caledonia as being the cause of an outbreak of malignant pustules on
cattle. They differ from the typical Tabanus in having ocelli, and the
third joint of the antennae elongate, instead of being compressed.

Pangonia guttata, Donov.

(Figs. 8 and 7.)

This large and handsome species was originally described and figured by
Donovan in his now rare and costly work, "Insects of New Holland, 1805."
It has been described and noticed a good many times since; by Guerin in
the "Zoologie du Voyage de la Coquille," published in 1830; it was again
figured by Macquart seven years later; and it is the insect shown as No. 2
on Plate XXVIII in "Australian Insects, 1907." It has a wide range
along the eastern coast of Australia, but I have seen no specimens from the
western coast. Kertesz also records it from Asia.

It is a large fly, measuring 1| inches from the tip of the wings to the front
of the head, and is broad in proportion. The general colour is black to dark-
chocolate brown 011 the upper surface of the thorax; the wings clouded with
black at the base, running out into light brown towards the tips. The hind
margin of the head is silvery white; the centre of the thorax marked with
two parallel white stripes; a tuft of black hairs on either side, the sides of
the thorax further ornamented with fine silky-white hairs that form an
irregular band, with two tufts 011 the hind margin. Both the upper and
under surfaces of the abdomen are marked with tufts of white hairs, the
cuter margins fringed with tufts of white and black hairs, the latter also
fringing the hind margin of the apical segments of the abdomen.

Pangonia auriflua, Donov.

(Fig. 4.)

This handsome fly also has a wide range along the eastern coast, and was
among the insects figured by Donovan. Kertesz has placed it in Rondano's
genus Diatomineura.

It measures under three-quarters of an inch from the front of the
head to the tip of wings, and is of the usual stout form, with
rather short, rounded abdomen. The general colour of the eyes, upper
surface of the thorax, and abdomen is black; the face, hind margin of
head, and under surface of thorax and abdomen clothed with silvery
white hairs. The centre of the dorsal surface of the thorax is marked with
pale, whitish parallel bars, with a broad band of golden yellow hairs right
round the sides and hind margin; a parallel row of three tufts down the
centre of the abdomen, with the apical segments densely clothed with bright
golden hairs. The wings are semi-transparent, with black nervures.

The genus Tabanus contains our common and most typical March Flies.
It embraces an immense number of species, distinguished from the other
genera of the family in having the eyes bare (not pubescent), and having
no raised tubercle for the ocelli.

SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

Tabanus abstersus, Walk.

This is one of the commonest and most widely distributed species in
Australia, specimens have been received from Cardwell, North Queens-
land; Clarence River and Bega, New South Wales.

It measures slightly over half an inch in length from the front of the head
to the tips of the wings. It is of the usual stout form, with the abdomen some-
what flattened. The general colour is dark-brown, shading into grey tints;
the wings semi-opaque, with the nervures, base, and centre of the wings
clouded with brown. The under surface of the head and thorax is clothed
with fine, grey, downy hairs. The abdominal segments are edged along the
hind margin with a fine white band, well-defined 011 the first four segments,
and forming an angular blotch in the centre, sometimes, though not so
distinctly, expanded on the sides.

, , Tabanus brevidentatus, Macq.

(Fig. 1.)

This is the common, small, greyish-brown March Fly, found in the scrub
or bush around Sydney, which comes round trying to settle upon one's face
or hands, to bite if undisturbed. They are most plentiful about shaded
watercourses and valleys in the Hawkesbury country, and have a wide range
along the coast.

It measures under three-quarters of an inch in length from the front of
the head to the tips of the wings. The general colour is greyish-brown;
face and under surface of the head and thorax clothed with silvery- white
hairs. The centre of the upper surface of the thorax is marbled with
darker brown ; and the central portions of the abdominal segments lighter
than the outer edges, with a delicate white line along the extreme hind
margin of each segment. The wings are semi-transparent, with brown
nervures.

Tabanus sanguinarius, Bigot.

(Fig. 2.)

This is one of our largest species, measuring up to an inch in length
from the front of the head to the tips of the wings. The eyes are dark
brown, with rich, silvery tints ; the face dull white. General colour, yellowish
brown; semi-opaque wings, slightly clouded with dull yellow along the front
margins. The abdomen is somewhat flattened and rounded at the tip.
This March Fly is common in the scrubs of the Tweed River and the
northern parts of New South Wales, and ranges into Southern Queensland.

Tabanus ardens, Wiedm.

(Fig. 3.)

This fly was originally described from Java, but probably has a wide
range over the M&lay Archipelago, as it js very common in the1 open forest
country of the Solomon Islands.

MARCH FLIES.

It measures slightly over half an inch in length from the front of the
head to the tips of the wings. The eyes are dark and shining; face dull
yellow; general colour brownish yellow, with the upper surface of the last
two segments clouded in the centre with brown. The sides and under
surface of thorax and abdomen are clothed with yellow hairs, which also
form a fringe along the outer edge of the abdominal segments. Wings
semi-opaque, clouded with brown; nervures brown.

Tabanus edentulus, Macq.

(Fig. 5.)

In size and general colouration this species might be easily taken for
Tabanus brevidentatus ; but it can be easily distinguished by the more
irregular or lobed form of the thorax, which is of a uniform greyish-brown
tint, not showing any darker black or brownish markings on the dorsal
surface, while the apical bands on the hind margins of the abdominal
segments are more defined and lighter coloured.

This species is common on the highlands of the southern parts of New
South Wales, and probably ranges into eastern Victoria. Specimens in our
collections were obtained at Binda, near Bega, and others from the slopes
of Mount Kosciusko.

Tabanus gregarius, Erich.

(Fig. 9.)

This distinctive species is just under three-quarters of an inch in length
from the front of the head to the tips of the wings. The head and thorax
are lead-coloured; antennae yellow at base, black at the tips; legs brownish
on thighs, with tibiae and tarsi yellow ; wings hyaline, with the front margin
very lightly clouded with yellow. The under surface of the head and
thorax is clothed with long silvery hairs; the abdomen with fine golden
hairs on upper and under surface. The abdomen is dull yellow, with a
broad stripe of blackish brown down the centre of the back, spreading out
towards the apex.

This species was originally described by Erichson, from Tasmania, but
ranges along the eastern coast of Australia well into Queensland.

Tabanus jacksonii, Macq.

(Fig. 6.)

This large species is common on the slopes of Mount Kosciusko, and
differs from all the other greyish-brown species in its larger size, uniform
lead-coloured thorax, and the abdominal segments being mottled with yellow
and brown down the centre, forming fine transverse bands fringed with
golden hairs along the apical segments.

The face is grey, the antennae and legs yellow. The under surface of the
head and thorax is densely clothed with long, white, downy hairs ; the under
surface of the abdomen with more scattered hairs. Wings semi- opaque,
slightly clouded, and blotched in the centre.

SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

Tabanus Regis-Georgii, Maeq.

This is one of the common species, found from the Tweed River, New
South Wales, to Cardwell, North Queensland.

It measures slightly over half an inch in length from the front of the head
to the tips of the wings. It is of a uniform light-brown tint, marbled with
grey on the thorax, with the hind margins of the abdominal segments edged
with greyish white; the wings transparent, with the front (subcostal) area
shaded with brown.

Tabanus nigro-pictus, Macq.

This is a species found about the Richmond River, New South Wales.
It is a large fly, measuring nearly an inch in length; of a uniform reddish-
brown tint; the upper surface clothed with fine golden hairs, the under
surface with grey hairs. The eyes are lead colour; and the dorsal surface
of the thorax is mottled with black showing through the golden pubescence-
It resembles Tabanus sanguinarius in size and general colouration, but
differs in having darker markings upon the thorax.

Tabanus concolor, Walker.

This species has a wide range from Eastern Victoria to the Tweed
Hiver, New South Wales, and probably Southern Queensland. We have
specimens from Mount Kosciusko.

It measures just under an inch in length from the front of the head to the
tips of the wings, and is of a uniform dark-lead colour. There are a few
•cattered, short, white hairs on the sides of the thorax and along the apical
edge of the abdominal segments. The under surface of the head and
thorax is clothed with silvery long hairs, thickest below the mouth parts.
The wings have brown nervures, and are slightly clouded, darkest towards
the shoulders.

LIST OP THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF THE BITING FLIES OF THE FAMILY
Tabanidce, DESCRIBED IN Dr. C. KERTESZ'S CATALOGUE OF THE DIPTERA
OF THE WORLD, VOL. III., BUDAPEST, 1908.

Family : — TABANID.E.

Sub-family :— Pangoniinre.

Genus :— APOCAMPTA (Schiner, 1867).

1. Apocampta subcana, Walker, List Dip. Brit. Museum, 1848 ; Ricardo,
Annal. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, viii, 287, 1901 ; and ser. 7, xiv, 357, 1904.
Walker described it under the Genus Chrysops.

Diachlorus melas, Bigot, 1892, and Apocampta nigra, Schiner, 1868,

are the same insect.

AUSTRALIA.

MARCH FLIES. 9

Genus :— PELECORRHYNCHUS (Macquart, 1850).

2. Pelecorrhynchus eristaloides, Walker, I.e., p. 193, 1848.

Walker described this species in the Genus Silvius, 1848, and later,
in the Supplementary Catalogue, 1854, in the Genus Dasybasis.

AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA.

3. P.fusconiger, Walker, I.e., p. 192, 1848.

He dealt with this species as with the previous one, placing it in the

Genus Silvius.

PORT STEPHENS, N.S.W., AUSTRALIA.

4. P. maculipennis, Macq., Exotic Diptera, 1850. Suppl. 4, 28, Tab. ii;

Fig. 6.

Macquart figured this fly, and it is again figured in the Eugenies Resa,
1868, by Thomas, who placed it in the Genus Ccenopnyga.

AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA

5. P. personatus, Walker, l.c., p. 192, and Suppl. 1, 267, 1848.

Walker dealt with this species as with Nos. 2 and 3.
Schiner renamed it P. ornatus from New Zealand, 1868.

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND.

Genus:— SCIONS (Walker, 1850).

6. Scione singularis, Macq., I.e., p. 192, Supp. 1, 27, Tab. iii, Fig. 2, 1845.

Macquart figured this species under the Genus Pangonia.

AUSTRALIA.

Genus :— PANGONIA (Latreille, 1802).

7. Pangonia binotata, Latr., Encyclop. Method, viii, 703, 1811.

AUSTRALIA.

8. P. conjungens, Walk., List Dipt. B. Mus. 140, 1848. Ricardo Annal. and

Mag. N. Hist, v, 114, 1900.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

9. P. dorsalis, Macq. Dipt. Exot. 100, 1838. Walker, List Dip. B. Mus.,

Supp. 1, 144, 1854. Ricardo, l.c, p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

10. P. fulviventris, Macq., I.e., 1838. Walk, l.c., 1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112,

1900. AUSTRALIA.

11. P. maculiventris, Westw. London and Edinburgh, Philos. Magaz., <fec.,

vi, 449, 1835. Isis, ii, 87, 1838. Ricardo, I.e., p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

12. P. roei, King's Narrative, Survey Coasts of Australia, ii, 467, 185, 1827.

Wied, Aussereurop. Zweifl., Ins. 11, 647, 72, 1830. Walk., l.c , p. 145,
1848, and Supp. 1, 145, 136, 1854. Ricardo, l.c., p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

13. P. Walkeri, Newm., Trans. Ent, Soc., London, n. ser. iv, 56, 1, 1857.

AUSTRALIA.

10 SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

Genus :— EREPHOPSTS (Ricardo, 1900).

14. Erephopsis albinota, Macq., I.e., Supp., 5, 20, 61, 1855 (Pangonia).

Ricardo, I.e., p. 112, 1900. AUSTRALIA.

15. E. aureohirta, Ricardo, I.e., p. v, 116, Tab. i, Fig. 10, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

16. E. contigua, Walk., I.e., p. 138, 1848. Ricardo, ser. v, 112-116, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

17. E. dilatata, Jaennicke, Abhandb. Senckinberg, Naturforsch, Ges., vi, 328,

20, 1867. Ricardo, I.e., p. v, 112, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

18. E. divisa, Walk., Insecta Saunders, Dip. i, 17, 1850. Ricardo, I.e., p.

112-117, 1900. AUSTRALIA.

19. E. gemina, Walk., List. Dip. B. Mus. v, 138, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p.

112-117, 1900.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

20. E. guttata, Don., Ins. N. Holland, 1805. Tab. and figure. Latr. Ency.

Method, viii, 703, 5, 1811. Wied. Aussereurop. Zweifl., Ins. i, 194, 124,
1828. Guer. Voy. de Coquille, Zool. ii, 2, 289, 1830. Walk., I.e., p.
i, 141, 1848, and Supp., 1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-114, 1900.

Syn: margaritifera, Wied, I.e., p, 1828. Macq. Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, vi, 429, 1837 : Dip. Exot., Supp. 3, 8, 1847. Williston,
Kansas Univ., Quart, iii, 191, 1895.

EAST COAST, N. S. WALES, AUSTRALIA.

21. E. Jacksonii, Macq., Dip. Exot., i, 102, 10, 1838. Walk., I.e., p. 1848 ;

Insecta Saunders, Dip. i, 14, 1850; List Dip., Supp. v, 143, 126, 1854.
Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-117, 1900.

NEW SOUTH WALES, AND SWAN RIVER, WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

22. E. limUnervis, Macq., I.e., p. 21, 62, 1855. Ricardo, I.e., p. v, 112,

1900. AUSTRALIA.

23. E. macroporum, Macq., I.e., Tab. xv, Fig 2, 1838. Walk., I.e., p. v, Supp.

i, 143, 129, 1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-117, 1900.

KANGAROO ISLAND, SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

24. E. maculipennis, Macq., I.e., Supp. 4, 20, 45, 1850. Schiner, Novara

Reise, Dip. 99, 46, 1868. Ricardo, I.e., p. 106, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

25. E. Media, Walk., I.e., p. 42, 1848. Ricardo, Z.c., p! 112, 1900.

26. E. quadrimacula, Walk, I.e., p. 1, 138, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-116,

1900. AUSTRALIA.

27. E. submacula, Walk., I.e.. p. 142, 1848. Insecta Saunders, i, 13, 1850.

Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-115, 1900. AUSTRALIA.

28. E. tricolor, Walk., I.e., p. 139, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-117, 1900.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

MARCH FLIES. 11

Genus :— DIATOMINEURA (Rondani, 1863).

29. Diatomineura auriflua, Don, Ins. N. Holland, 1805 ; figured under the

name of Pangonia. Wied. Aussereurop, Zweifl. Ins. 194, 125, 1828.
Walk., I.e., Supp. i, 142, 122, 1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 112-119, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

30. D. brevirostris, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. 4, 22, 48, 1850. Ricardo, I.e.,

p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

31. D. carnea, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, 619, 1892. Ricardo, I.e.,

p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

32. D. clavata, Macq., I.e., p. 101, 1838. Walk., I.e., Supp. 1, 143, 125,

1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

33. D. concolor, Walk., Insecta, Saunders, Dip. 1, 14, 1850. Ricardo, I.e.,

p. 113-118, 1900.

AUSTRALIA,

34. D. constans, Walk., I.e., p. 1, 15, 1850. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113-118, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

35. D. dorsomaculata , Macq., I.e., Supp. 4, 21, 47, 1850. Ricardo, I.e., p.

113, 1900. TASMANIA.

36. D.gagitina, Bigot, I.e., p. 620, 1892. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

37. D. gemella, Walk., List. Dip. B.M. 1, 139, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 118,

1900.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

38. D. jacksonienis, Guer., Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. ii, 2, 288. Tab. xx,

Fig. 3, 1832. Ricardo, l.c., p. 118, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

39. D. minima, Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 119, Tab. 1, Figs.

4-5, 1900. AUSTRALIA,

40. D.patula, Walk., I.e., p. 144, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 120, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

41. D.plana, Walk., I.e., p. 144, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 118, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

42. D. ruficornis, Macq., Dip. Exot., Supp. 1, 25, 31, Tab. iii, Fig. 3, 1845.

Walk., I.e., p. 128, 1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900.

TASMANIA.

43. D. mb-appendicidata, Macq., I.e., p. 19, Tab. ii, Fig. 2, 1850. Ricardo,

Lc., p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA*

12 SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

44. D. testacea, Macq., I.e., p. 99, 1838. Walk., I.e., p. 145, 135, 1854.

Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900. Hunter, Trans. Am. Ent, Soc. Philad.,
xxvii, 134, 1901.

AUSTRALIA.

45. D. testaceomaculaia, Macq., I.e., p. 21, 46, 1850. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113,

1900. AUSTRALIA.

46. D. violacea, Macq., I.e., p. 22, 49, Tab. ii, Fig. 3, 1850. Ricardo, I.e.,

p. v, 113, 1900.

TASMANIA.

Genus :— CORIZONEURA (Ricardo, 1900).

Nearly all these species are originally described in the Genus Pangonia or
Tabanus.

47. Corizoneura angusta, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 617, 1892.
Ricardo, I.e., p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

48. C. anthracina, Macq., I.e., p. 23, 50, Tab. ii, Fig. 3, 1850. Ricardo, I.e.,

p. 113, 1900.

TASMANIA.

49. C. brevipalpis, Macq., I.e., p. 38, 1847. Walker, I.e., p. 144, 134, 1854.
Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

50. C. chrysophila, Walk., I.e., p. 155, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 120, 1900.
Jaennicke, Abha. Senckeriberg, Nat. Ges. vi, 327, 19, Tab. xliii, Fig. 3,
1867. AUSTRALIA.

51. C. dives, Macq., I.e., p. 30, Tab. iii, Fig. 3, 1845. Walker, I.e., p. 124,

1854. Ricardo, I.e., p. 113, 1900.

TASMANIA.

52. C. erratica, Walk., I.e., p. 189, 1848. Ricardo, I.e., p. 121, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

53. C. fulva, Macq., I.e., p. 43, 1850. Ricardo, I.e., p. 120, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

54. C. nigricornis, Bigot, I.e., p. 614, 1892. Ricardo, I.e., p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

55. C. nigrosignata, Thomas, Eugenics Resa, Dipt., 451, 12, 1868. Rt3ardo,

l.c., p. 113, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

56. C. rubiginosa, Bigot, I.e., p. 617, 1892. Ricardo, I.e., p. 114, 1900.

AUSTRALIA.

57. C. rufovittata, Macq., I.e., p. 19, 42, Tab. ii, Fig. 1, 1850. Ricardo, l.c.y
p. 113, 1900. TASMANIA,

58. C. trichocera, Bigot, I.e., v, 616, 1892. Ricardo, I.e., p. 114, 1900.

MARCH FLIES. 13

Genus :— SILVIUS (Meigen, 1820).

59. sihius marginatus, Walk., List Dipt. B. Mus. i, 189, 1848. Ricardo,

Annal. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, viii, 296, 1901.

AUSTRALIA.

60. S. nitescens, Walk., Trans. Entom. Soc., London, n. ser. iv, 124,

1857. Ricardo, Annal. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, viii, 296, 1901.

AUSTRALIA.

61. S. Silvester, Bergr., Stettin. Entom. Zeitg. Iv, 71, 1894.

AUSTRALIA.

:— CHRYSOPS (Meigen, 1800).

62. Chrysops testaceus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Supp. 4, 38, 17, 1850. Ricardo,
Annal. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, ix, 371, 1902.

TASMANIA.

Sub-family : — Tabaninae.
Genus :— DASYBASIS (Macquart, 1846).

63. Dasybasis appendiculata, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. 2, 25, 1, Tab. i

Fig. 1, 1846. Walker, List Dipt. B. Mus., v, Supp. i, 266, 1, 1854
Ricardo, Annal. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, xiv, 350, 1902.

AUSTRALIA

Genus :— TABANUS (Linn., 1761).

64. Tabanus abstersus, Walk., Insecta Saunders, Dipt, i, 58, 1850. Schiner,

Novara Reise, Dipt., 85, 14, 1868.

AUSTRALIA.

65. T. antecedens, Walk., List Dipt. B. Mus., i, 178, 1848. Supp. i, 253,

440,1854.

TASMANIA AND AUSTRALIA.

66. T. avidus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 673, 1892. Described in
the Genus Atylolus.

AUSTRALIA.

67. T. basalis, Walk., I.e., p. i, 182, 1848. '

AUSTRALIA.

P8. T. bifascialus, Macq., Suit, a Buffon, i, 201, 17, 1834. Walk., I.e., v,
Supp. i, 254, 447, 1854.

AUSTRALIA.

69. T. brevidentatus, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. v, 28, 118, 1855.

TASMANIA, QUEENSLAND, AND NEW SOUTH WALES.

70. T. brevior, Walk., List Dipt. B. Mus. i, 188, 1848.

PORT ESSINGTON, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA.

71. T. brevitta, Walk., I.e., p. i, 157, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

14 SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

72. T. cinerascens, King, Narrative, Survey Coasts of Australia, ii, 467, 184,

1827. Wied., Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., ii, 647, 71, 1830. Walk., I.e.,
p. i, 150, 1848, v, Supp. i, 253, 443, 1854.

AUSTRALIA

73. T. cinereus, Walk., I.e., p. i, 167, 1848.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

74. T. claripennis, Big., Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 675, 1892. Described
in the Genus Atylotus.

AUSTRALIA.

75. T. concolor, Walk., I.e., p. 179, 1848.

EAST COAST, NEW SOUTH WALES.

76. T. constans, Walk., I.e., p. 186, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

77. T. cyaneoviridus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Supp. iv, 31, 101, 1850.

TASMANIA.

78. T. eyaneus, Macq., I.e., Supp. iv, 30, 99, Tab. ii, Fig. 7, 1850.

TASMANIA.

79. T. diminutus, Walk., I.e., p. i, 183, 1848.

PORT ESSINGTON, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA.

80. T. dorsolimaculatus, Macq., I.e., Supp. iv, 29, 97, 1850.

AUSTRALIA.

81. T. edentulus, Macq., I.e., Supp. i, 34, 68, Tab. iii, Fig. 13, 1845. Walk.,

List. Dipt. B. Mus. v, Supp. i, 251, 432, 1854. Originally described
from Tasmania.

MT. KOSCIUSKO, NEW SOUTH WALES.

82. T. exulans, Erichson, Archev. f. Naturgesch., viii, 270, 247, 1842. Walk.,

I.e., p. 252, 435, 1854.

AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA.

83. T. fraterculus, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. iv, 30, 98, 1850..V

TASMANIA.

84. T.funebris, Macq., I.e., Supp. i, 33, 67, Tab. iii, Fig.. 12, 1845. Walk.,
I.e., v, Supp. i, 254, 446, 1854.

AUSTRALIA.

85. T.gentilis, Erich., Arch. f. Naturgesch., viii, 1, 271, 249, 1842. Walk.,

I.e., p. 254, 445, 1854.

TASMANIA.

86. T. gregarius, Erich., I.e., p. viii, 1, 271, 248, 1842. Walk., I.e., Supp. i,

252,436, 1854.

BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, AND TASMANIA.

87. T. hyperythreus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 674, 1892. De-
scribed in the Genus Atylotus. > < • .1

AUSTRALIA.

MARCH FLIES. 15

88. T. imperfectus, Walk., List. Dipt. B. Mus., i, 179, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

89. T. leueophilus, Walk., I.e., p. i, 1'54, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

90.. T. limbatinervis, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. ii, 16, 93, 1847; and Su'pp.
iv, 29, 96, 1850. Walk., List, Dipt. B. Mus. v, Supp. i, 254, 444, 1854.

TASMANIA AND AUSTRALIA.

91. T.lunulatus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 688, 1892.

AUSTRALIA.

92. T. maeropthalmus, Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt, 82, 7, 1868.

AUSTRALIA.

93. T. microdonta, Macq., Dipt. Exot, Supp. ii, 17, 94, 1847. Walk., List.

Dipt. B. Mus., v, Supp. i; 252, 438, 1854.

TASMANIA.

94. T. nigriventris, Macq., I.e., Supp. i, 34, 69, 1845. Walk., I.e., Supp. i,

252, 437, 1854.

SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.

95. T. nigropictus, Macq., I.e., Supp. v, 24, 111, 1855. Van d. Walp.,

Catal. Dipt., South Asia, 60, 1896.

INDIA, AND RICHMOND RIVER, NEW SOUTH WALES.

96. T. pallipennis, Macq., I.e., Supp. i, 32, 65, 1854. Walk., I.e., v, Supp. i,

252, 439, 1854.

AUSTRALIA.

97. T. postpone™, Walk., I.e., i, 179, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

98. T. prcepositus, Walk., I.e., i, 158, 1848.

PORT ESSINGTON, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA.

99. T. propinquus, Macq., Dipt. Exot., Supp. v, 27, 117, 1855,

AUSTRALIA.

100. T. pusillus, Macq., I.e., p. 29, 120, 1855.

AUSTRALIA.

101. T. R&gis-Georgii, Macq., I.e., i, IA, 132, 21, 1838. Walk., List. Dipt.
B. Mus., i, 178, 1844 ; Supp. i, 251, 434, 1854.

KING GEORGE'S SOUND, WESTERN AUSTRALIA; NORTH QUEENSLAND TO
TWEED RIVER, NEW SOUTH WALES.

102. T. remo^s,,Walk., I.e., i, 177, 1848.

AUSTRALIA.

103. T. ruftfrons, Macq., I.e., Supp..v, 28, 119, 1855.

AUSTRALIA.

104. T. rufinotatus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 673, 1892.

AUSTRALIA.

16 SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 3.

105. T. fanguinarius, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool., France, v, 675, 1892.

SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND.

106. T. sequent, Walk., I.e., i, 178, 1848.

PORT ESSINGTON, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA.

107. T. sidneyensis, Macq., I.e., Supp. i, 66, 1845. Walk., I.e., v, Supp. i,
253, 442, 1854.

SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES.

108. T. similis, Macq., I.e., Supp. iv, 31, 100, 1850,

TASMANIA.

109. T. vetustus, Walk., List. Dipt. B. Mus. i, 179, 1848.

SWAN RIVER, WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Sydney : William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer. — 191L

k /

MARCH FLIES.

1. Tabanus brevidentatus. 2. Tabanus sanyuinarius.

4. Pangonia auriflua. 5. Tabanus edentulus.

7> Foot of Pangonia guttata. 8. Pangonia gutlata.

[All enlarged.

3. Tabanus ardtns.
6. Tabanus jacksomi.
9. Tabanus gregarius

7 DAT USE

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