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13343 7 35 MATERIALS
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G0 FOR A
CARCINOLOGICAL FAUNA OF INDIA.
THE BRACHYURA PRIMIGENIA
OR
DROMIACEA.
BY
A. ALCOCK, M.B., C.M.Z.S.
SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM.
[Reprinted from the “ Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal,”
Vol. LX VIII, Part (1, No. 3, 1899.]
Winsett on we a PR
CONAN Lid tty, .,
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La :
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CALCUTTA:
BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1899.
; ir Aa ey
meee a) ali ‘ 4
Fat ae
Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 5, The Brachyura
Primigenia, ov Dromiacea. By A. Aucock, M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superin-
tendent of the Indian Museunv.
[Received lst September ; Read 1st November, 1899, |
The opinions adopted in this paper are those of Boas, that the
Dromiucea are Brachyura ; and of Bouvier, that they connect the higher
Brachyura with the Homarid family of Macrura.
I have endeavoured to show that the Dromiacea, or Brachyura
Primigenia, include two natural groups—Dromtidea and Homolidea—
each of which is a collection of families equivalent to the collections of
families recognized as Catometopa, Cyclometopa, etc.; but, as is only to
be expected in dealing with primitive groups, the families are small.
After raising a family to the rank of a tribe, and splitting it up
into several independent families, it may seem inconsistent to unite the
recognized genera of other authors, as is done in this paper with the
genera Dromia, Dromidia, Cryptodronvia, and Petalomera, all of which
are treated as sub-genera of Dromia. But the reason for this treatment
is that these are all linked together by intermediate forms.
The Indian species of Dromiacea number 28 and belong to the
following genera and families :—
| Homolodromidee :—Arachnodromia (? = Homolodromia).
Dromupea 4 Dynomenidz :—Dynomene, Acanthodromia.
( Dromiide :—Dromia (Dromidia, Cryptodromia, Petalomera),
Pseudodromia, Conchoecetes, Sphaerodromia.
573
124 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Homolide :—Homola (Paromola, Homolax) Paromolopsis,
Homo.Lipea Hypsophrys.
Latreillide :—Latreillopsis, Latreillia.
DROMIACEA or BRACHYURA PRIMIGENIA.
Anomoures Dromiens and Homoliens, (part) Milne Edwards, Hist Nat. Crust.
II., pp. 168, 180.
Dromiacea, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 102.
Dromidea vel Anomoura Maiidica Superiora, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. 1,
p. 400.
Anomoura Dromidea, Miers, Cat. Crust. New Zealand, p. 57.
Dromiacea, J. BK. V. Boas, Recherches sur les affinités des Crustacés décapodes,
p. 202.
Anomoura Dromidea, Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 138.
Anomura Dromidea, Henderson, Challenger Reports, Zoology, Vol. XXVI., p. 2.
Dromiacés (Etudes Comparatives des), Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris,
(8) VIIL., 1896, pp. 34-108.
Dromiidea, Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii., Arthropoda, p. 11538.
Carapace seldom broader than long, subquadrilateral or subovoid
(sometimes sub-circular, or urn-shaped, or sub-pentagonal), often (as
also the appendages) pilose. Front narrow.
Orbits and antennulary fossee may either be altogether wanting, or
there may be common orbito-antennulary fossz into which the eyes and
antennules are both retractile.
The antennal peduncle consists of four separate joints, and the
antennal flagellum is long.
The epistome is triangular or truncate-triangular, and is well
delimited from the palate.
The buccal cavern is quadrilateral, but is usually broader in front
than behind. The external maxillipeds may be pediform, or sub-pedi-
form, or completely opercular.
The last pair of legs are dorsal in position, and, with few exceptions,
are prehensile slender and reduced in size, or even sometimes rudiment-
ary. ‘T’he penultimate pair sometimes resemble the last pair.
The abdomen in both sexes is large, and usually consists of seven
separate segments: in the male it has the usual anterior two pairs of
modified copulatory appendages: in the female it has the usual four
pairs of ovigerous appendages and, in addition, a pair of smaller
uniramous appendages situated on the first segment.
The genital ducts of the female open upon the bases of the 2nd pair
of legs (third pereiopods): those of the male open on the bases of the
fourth pair of legs (5th pereiopods). :
The gills are usually phyllobranchie, but may be trichobranchiz,
574:
Carcinological Fauna of India. 125
or may be intermediate in character. The gill-plumes vary in number
from 20 to 8 on either side.
I follow Professor Boas, withont hesitation, in placing the Dromiacea at the
base of the Brachyura; and I further think that no one who has access to a good
spirit-collection of the two groups in question can read M. H.-L. Bouvier’s clever
paper, cited above, Sur Vorigine Homarienne des Crabes, without accepting the
opinion of the latter author—an opinion previously suggested, as the author states,
by Huxley—that the Dromiacea are the directly-connecting link between the Crabs
(Brachyura vera) and the Homaride.
The Dromiacea may be divided into two groups, which seem to me
to have something more than family value, namely, the Dromiidea and
the Homolidea, each of which has retained certain primitive characters
while following its own line of evolution.
Tribe I. Dromippa.
Dromiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 168.
Dromidz, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 2.
Dromide et Dynomenidz, Ortmann, in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii. Arthropoda,
p. 1155.
Carapace sometimes longer than broad, often broader than long,
without linea anomurica.
Eyes and antennules almost always (Homolodromia is the only
exception) retractile into common orbito-antennulary pits, the lower
wall of which is formed about equally (1) by the basal joint of the
antennule itself, (2) by the basal joint of the antenna, and (3) by a
sub-orbital spine or dentiform lobe.
These orbito-anteunulary pits very often show traces of a sub-
division into two fosse, one for the antennule the other for the eye—the
boundary between the two fosse often being a tooth or a sort of fold in
the upper margin of the “ orbit.”
Eye of the ordinary form, situated at the end of a short stout eye-
stalk, the basal joint of the eye-stalk being inconspicuous.
Hpistome triangular, its apex usually being in close contact with
the deflexed tip of the front. Vault of the palate of good depth.
External maxillipeds usually opercular, sometimes subpediform.
Fingers of the chelipeds generally short, stout, channelled along
their opposed surfaces, and strongly calcified in their distal half.
Sternum of the female traversed longitudinally, in part or in
almost all of its extent, by a pair of special grooves that sometimes end
in special tubercles.
The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven separate segments.
Very often a pair of small lateral plates—the rudiments, probably, of
573
126 Carcinological Fauna of India.
the 6th pair of abdominal appendages—is intercalated between the
6th and 7th somites.
The gill-plumes vary in number from 20 to 14 on either side, and
are either trichobranchie or phyllobranchie.
Many of the species are protected by a commensal Sponge or
Ascidian, or by an empty valve of a Lamellibranch shell, carried over
the back.
Tribe II. Homoutpea. lS Vo¥
Homoliens (part), Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IT. 180.
Homolidx, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 18: Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier
Reich, V. ii., Arthropoda, p. 1155.
Carapace longer than broad: linea anomurica, usually present.*
The eyes are not retractile into orbits, nor the antennules into pits.
Basal antennulary joint subglobular.
The eye-stalks each consist of two movable joints, a slender con-
spicuous basal joint which is sometimes of great length, and a stout
terminal joint that carries the eye. The antennal flagella are, except
in the Latreillidx, much longer than the carapace.
The interantennulary septum is a distinct vertical process, and is
not formed merely by the close apposition of the apex of the epistome
to the front.
The front forms a slender triangular prominent rostrum which
may be bifid at tip, and often has a spine on either side of its base.
The division between the epistome and palate is distinct, but the
vault of the palate is shallow.
External maxillipeds pediform or sub-operculiform.
The chelipeds and legs are long and slender: the fingers are not
channelled en cuillére. Only the last pair of legs is dorsal and reduced
in size.
Sternum of the female broad, without any special longitudinal
grooves.
The abdomen of the male, and usually but not always of the female
also, consists of seven separate segments. There are no lateral platelets
intercalated between the 6th and 7th segments.
The gills are phyllobranchiaz, and the gill-plumes vary in number
from 14 to 8 on either side.
* The linea anomurica is a curious suture-line running fore and aft on either side
from the posterior border of the carapace to the inner side of the antennal spine.
For its homologue among the nearer relatives of the Homolidea we have to go to
certain species of Peneus,
576
Carcinological Fauna of India. 127
In comparing the above synopses of characters it will be seen that the Dromidea
as a whole have developed along Brachyurons lines in respect of the antennal
flagella, orbits, external maxillipeds, and shape of the carapace, but have kept near
to the primitive (Homarid) branchial arrangements. Whereas the Homolidea as a
whole show a tendency to approach the higher Brachyura in the reduction of the
branchiz, but have not departed much from the primitive (Homarid) type in the
form of the antennal flagella, external maxillipeds and very imperfect orbits.
Tribe I. DROMIIDEA.
The Dromiidea which, notwithstanding the more Brachyurous form
of the carapace of their best known representatives, are as a whole more
primitive than the Homolidea may be divided into three families—
Homolodromidx, Dynomenidx and Dromidw—eharacterized as follows :—
Family I. Homotopromipz.
Carapace longer than broad, convex in both directions, the true
cervical and the branchial grooves both present,
Front cut into two prominent teeth, between which, but on a much
lower plane, a third small tooth is sometimes present.
Antennal flagella longer than the carapace.
External maxillipeds with a marked pediform cast.
Chelipeds equal, slender, though stouter than the legs.
First two pair of legs much longer than the chelipeds: last two
pair much shorter than the first two pair, subdorsal, prehensile.
The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 separate segments: there
are no lateral platelets intercalated between the 6th and 7th segments.
The gills are trichobranchiw, or are intermediate between trfcho-
branchiz and phyllobranchie: the gill-plumes are very numerous—
there may be as many as 20 on either side.
Epipodites are present on the chelipeds and first two or three pairs
of legs.
The sternal grooves of the female are short, ending at the level of
the genital openings.
To this family belong the following genera :~—
1. Homolodromia, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 1880,
p- 33: Recueil de Fig. de Crustacés Nouveaux, pl. 39, fig. 2.
2. Dicranodromia, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 1880,
p. 31: Recueil de Fig. de Crust. Nouv. pl. 10.
3. *Arachnodromia, Alcock, seq.
Family II. Dynomenip#, Ortmann.
Dynomenidzx, Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V, ii., Arthropoda, p, 1155.
Carapace variable, either longer than broad and convex, or broader
577
128 - Carcinological Fauna of India.
than long and flattish. Branchial groove usually present, cervical
groove sometimes present.
Front broadly triangular, sometimes notched at tip. Antennal
flagella not so long as the carapace.
External maxillipeds typically opercular, completely closing the
buccal cavern.
Chelipeds equal or slightly unequal, generally much stouter than
the legs.
First three pair of legs stout, about as long as the chelipeds.
Fourth (last) pair of legs dorsal and rudimentary.
The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 segments, and there is a
pair of lateral platelets intercalated between the last two segments.
The gills are phyllobranchize but sometimes show the transition
from tricho- to phyllobranchie. The gill-plumes are 16 (?) on either
side.
Epipodites are present on the chelipeds and first three pair of legs.
Sternal grooves of the female ending at the level of the genital
openings.
To this family belong (1) Dynomene and (2) Acanthodromia, both of which are
represented in Indian Seas.
Family III. Drommnpa, restr.
Carapace variable, sometimes as long as or even a little longer
than broad, sometimes slightly broader than long; generally strongly
convex in both directions, sometimes flat; commonly ovoid or subcir-
cular, occasionally pentagonal.
* Branchial groove almost always conspicuous, the true cervical
groove present or absent on the dorsum of the carapace.
Front usually cut into 3 teeth, the middle one of which is always
on a much lower plane than the others and is often of insignificant size
or even absent: the front is rarely triangular, without lateral teeth.
Antennal flagella shorter than the carapace.
External maxillipeds typically opercular, completely closing the
buccal cavern.
Chelipeds equal, generally much stouter than the legs.
First two pair of legs gererally stout, not much shorter than the
chelipeds.
Last two pair of legs generally much reduced in length and slender,
subdorsal and prehensile. There is a tendency for the fourth (last)
* The branchial groove of Bouvier, which by most authors is called the “ cervi-
cal” groove.
578
Carcinological Fauna of India. 129
pair to be a little longer than the third pair, and occasionally the fourth
pair are as long as either of the first two pair.
The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 segments, and there is a
pair of lateral platelets intercalated between the last two segments.
The gills are phyllobranchie and are 14 in number on either side.f
An epipodite of small size is present on the chelipeds but not on
any of the legs.f
The sternal grooves of the female are variable: they may end at
the level of the genital openings, or at the bases of the first pair of legs,
or at the bases of the chelipeds.
To this Family the following genera belong :—
1. *Dromia, Fabr.: seq. ] b
2. *Dromidia, Stimpsoa, Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 225 (subgenus of
Dromia).
3. *Cryptodromia, Stimpson: seq. (subgenus of Dromia).
4. *Petalomera, Stimpson: seq. (subgenus of Dromia).
5. *Pseudodromia, Stimpson: seq. (? subgenus of Dromia).
6. Eudromia, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 13.
7. ?2?Ascidiophilus, Richters, in Mobius, Meeresf. Maurit. p. 158 (it is very
doubtful whether this form really belongs to the Dromiacea).
8. *Conchoecetes, Stimpson: seq.
9. Hypochoncha, Guérin, Rev. et Magasin de Zool. (2) VI. 1854, p. 333.
10. *Sphzerodromia, Alcock, seq.
Tribe II. HOMOLIDEA.
The Homolidea may be divided into two families Homolide and
Latreillide.
To the Homolidz belong (1) Homola (with subgenera Homolaz and
Paromola), (2) Paromolopsis and (3) Hypsophrys, all of which are
represented in Indian Seas.
To the Latreillide belong (1) Latreillia and (2) Latreillopsis, both
of which are found in Indian Seas.
Tam uncertain of the position of Homologenus A. Milne Edwards, which, but
for its singular branchial formula, would be placed with the Homolide. It may
perhaps have to be separated as a distinct subfamily of the Homolide. The refer-
ences to the literature of this genus are: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII., 1880, p. 34,
(Homolopsis name pre-occupied): Challenger Anomura, p. 20: Bull. Soc. Philom.,
Paris, (8) VIII., 1896, p. 63: Bronn’s Thier Reich Y, ii., Arthropoda, p. 1156.
+ Huxley (P. Z. S. 1878, p. 785) gave, as the sum of the branchial formula of
Dromia, gills 16+1 epipodite. Milne Edwards (Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 172) stated
that the gills are 14 in number on either side. I have examined Dromia Rumphii
and D. ciliata, Cryptodromia lateralis, Petalomera granulata and Conchoecetes arti-
ficiosus, in all of which I find 14 branchie and 4 epipodites on either side: of the
epipodites, 3 belong to the maxillipeds, and one—a small one—to the chelipeds.
579
130 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Family I. Homoutp2# restr.
Carapace elongate-quadrangular, or ovoid, or urn-shaped,
Terminal joint of the eyestalk (with the eye) either longer or
shorter than the slender basal joint. Antennal flagella much longer
than the carapace.
External maxillipeds pediform or subpediform.
The gill-plumes are 14 in number on either side, and there are
epipodites to the chelipeds and first two pair of legs.
Homola, Paromolopsis and Hypsophrys, vid. seq.
Family Il. Larreiuiipar.
Carapace elongate-quadrangular, or piriform.
Basal joint of eye-stalk very much longer than the terminal joint.
Antennal flagella not so long as the carapace.
External maxillipeds sub-operculiform.
The gill-plumes are 8 in number on either side and there are no
epipodites to the chelipeds or legs.
Latreillia and Latreillopsis, vid. seq.
Tribe DROMIIDEA.
Family HOMOLODROMIDA.
ARAcHNODROMIA, Alcock,
Arachnodromia, Alcock, Investigator Deep Sea Brachyura, p. 17.
Carapace elongate-oblong bat somewhat broader behind than in
front, deep, inflated, tomentose, its texture thin but well calcified: two
creases break either lateral border, the posterior one being the more
distinct and being continued to the cardiac region (=branchial groove),
the anterior one, or true cervical groove, not. proceeding far on to the
dorsum of the carapace.
The front is horizontal, prominent, and deeply bifid.
The antennule and eye of either side are completely retractile into
a common deep fossa (just as in Dromia) which affords them complete
protection. As in Dromia, the floor of this common antennular-orbital
fossa is formed by a subocular (“antennal”) tooth in contact with the
basal joint of the antenna, and, as in Dromia, the outer wall of the
orbit is breached by a wide gap. The orbital portion of the fossa,
which is loosely filled by the eyes, has the hollow for the eyes much
deeper than the hollow for the eyestalk. The eyestalks are long and
slender, the eyes small but perfectly formed and well pigmented.
The two basal joints of the antenne, which are quite freely mov-
able, largely fill the gap in the lower wall of the orbit, and lie in the
580
Carcinological Fauna of India. 131
same plane with the antennules ; the second joint has its antero-external
angle produced to form a coarsish spine: the antennal flagella are
longer than the carapace.
The palate is particularly well demarcated from the epistome and
is rather broader in front than behind: the ridges that define the ex-
piratory canals are very distinct. The epistome is in the closest
possible contact with the front, but without complete fusion. The
external maxillipeds are distinctly operculiform, but owing to the
moderate expansion of the merus and to the coarseness of the palp, they
have a slight pediform cast: they close the buccal cavern, but not so
tightly as in Dromia.
The chelipeds are equal and are rather slender, though consider-
ably stouter than the legs: the fingers are well calcified and are
hollowed en cwillére, the tip of the dactylus shuts into a notch in the
tip of the opposed finger.
The legs are cylindrical: the first two pairs are very long, the last
two are short, subdorsal in position, and cheliform rather than subcheli-
form.
‘he sternal grooves of the female end opposite the openings of the
oviducts, without tubercles.
The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven distinct segments. In
both sexes the pleure of the 3rd—6th abdominal somites are remarkably
free and independent (i.e. not in contact with those in front and behind)
and the last abdominal tergum is nearly as long as the preceding five
combined. Inthe male this last tergum is marked in a way that
suggests its formation out of a segment fused with a pair of appen-
dages.
This crustacean, as I have previously remarked, so closely resembles the Homolo-
dromia described and figured by Milne Edwards* and referred to by Bouvier,t} that
at first sight it might be supposed to be the same form.
In Homolodromia, however, it is distinctly stated that the antennules are not
retractile, and that there are no special orbits.
In Arachnodromia, on the other hand, there are orbits formed on exactly the
same plan as, and hardly less perfect than, those of Dromia, and they afford
complete protection to the retracted eyes and antennules, the antennulary flagella
folding, as in Dromia, behind the eyes.
* A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. VIII. 1880, p. 32, and Recueil
de figures de Crustacés Nouveaux etc. pl. 39, fig. 2. Not the Homalodromia of:
Miers, which ought to be placed with Psewdodromia,
t+ E. L, Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (8) VIII. 1895-96, p. 37, et seq.
581
132 Carcinological Fauna of Tudia.
The branchial formula is as follows :—
Somites and
their appendages. Podobranchiz. _ Arthrobranchiz. Pleurobranchiz.
Nalits ae O ep. 0 0 = ep.
VIII. Ns 1+ep. 1 O = 2+ep.
IX. ee 1+ep. 2 O = 38+ep.
xX. se Pecrepe 2 9) 3+ ep.
XI. ewe 1+ ep. 2 1 = 4+ep.
XII. es 1+ep. 2 1 = 4+ep.
XIT1. cas 0 2 Ler) 13
XIV. ae 0) 0 1a
5+6 ep. 1k 4 20+6 ep.
The formula is thus the same as.that given by Bouvier for Homolo-
dronva.
1. Arachnodromia Baffini, Alcock and Anderson.
Arachnodromia Bafini, Alcock and Anderson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1899,
p. 7: Alcock, Investigator Deep Sea Brachyura, p. 19, pl. ii. fig. 1.
Carapace square-cut, dorsally convex, very distinctly (from a fourth
to a fifth) longer than broad, its greatest breadth being just in front of
the posterior border, its greatest depth approximating its greatest
breadth, its surface—like that of the appendages and other parts of
the body—tomentose. Except for a few small sharp granules anterior-
ly and laterally and along the lateral border, the carapace is unarmed.
The front is deeply cleft to its base, and has the form of two acutely
triangular teeth.
Upper margin of orbit notched near its outer angle which is
dentiform, the outer angle of the lower margin of the orbit is much
more strongly dentiform, and the (outer) orbital wall between the two
spines is deficient.
Antennal flagella longer than the carapace.
Chelipeds rather slender, unarmed except for a few granules seen
on denudation, about 15 times the length of the carapace : fingers strong-
ly hollowed ‘en cuillére,’ especially the immovable one, which alone has
teeth: wrist not elongate.
First two pairs of legs more than twice the length of the carapace :
their dactyli are about two-thirds the length of the preceding joint, are
stout, are sharply spinate along the posterior edge, and end in a claw.
The last two pairs of legs are about the same length as the carapace :
their small claw-like dactyli shut down on a ring of spines at the end of
the preceding joint.
582
Carcinological Fuuna of India. 133
Colours: dirty whitish, with a bluish tinge on the carapace and a
faint reddish tinge elsewhere; eyes chocolate.
Two males and a female, from off the. Travancore coast, 430 fms. :
a small male from the Andamans, 238-290 fms.
The carapace of the largest male is 20 millim. long and 15 millim.
broad, that of the female is 30 millim. long and 24 millim. broad.
Named in memory of the great Arctic explorer William Baffin,
who, according to Sir Clements Markham, was the first Englishman to
actually plot charts in these Seas.
Family DYNOMENIDA.
This family includes two genera which may be thus diagnosed :—
I. Carapace flattish, broader than long,
covered with hairs .......:..casemeds-2 DYNOMENE.
II. Carapace convex, longer than broad,
covered with spines or spinules......... ACANTHODROMIA,
Dynomenr, Latreille.
Dynomene, Latreille in Cuvier’s Régne An. (nouy. ed. 1829) p. 69: Desmarest,
Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 183: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II., 179: Lamarck,
Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. (2nd ed.) p. 482: De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 104:
Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 402: A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool.,
(6) VIII. 1879, Art. 3: Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii., Arthropoda, p. 1155.
All parts usually tomentose.
Carapace subcircular, flattish, broader than long.
Front broadly triangular, dorsally grooved, more or less distinctly
notched or divided at tip.
Palate well delimited from epistome: efferent branchial channels
well defined.
The chelipeds usually do not differ greatly in size from the first 3
pair of legs: these are stout and of about equal length.
The 4th (last) pair of legs are quite rudimentary and alone are
dorsal in position. .
As regards the branchial formula, according to Bouvier it follows
the Dicranodromia and Homolodromia type.*
Distribution : Tropical Indo-Pacific, from Madagascar to California.
2. Dynomene ptilumnoides, n. sp.
The carapace and appendages are covered with an exceedingly
thick tomentum of club-shaped hairs, the chelipeds and legs are also
* The material at my disposal, at present, does not permit me to indulge in
dissection ; but [ have been able to make out that the branchial plumes and epipod-
ites are more numerous than they are in Dromia, Cryptodromia, &ec.
083
134 Carcinological Fauna of India.
thickly fringed with additional longer hairs. The hairs completely
conceal all the texture and sculpture beneath them. .
Carapace subcircular, slightly broader than long, flattish. The
true cervical groove is well defined, but the branchial groove is hardly
distinguishable.
There are a few very inconspicuous symmetrically-disposed eleva-
tions on the gastric and on the anterior part of the branchial regions.
Front broadly-triangular, deeply grooved in the middle line.
Upper border of orbit oblique, with a fold or notch (best visible from
inside the orbit) marking the equivalent of the inner supra-orbital angle
of the higher Brachyura. Outer orbital angle not dentiform. Suborbital
lobe neither dentiform nor prominent.
Lateral borders of carapace with 5 spine-like teeth, the last of
which is much the smallest and stands at the branchial groove.
Chelipeds in the male a little unequal, the smaller one not stouter
and not quite so long as, the larger one a little stouter and about as long
as, the first 3 pair of legs.
When the chelipeds and legs are denuded their surface is smooth
and unsculptured, except that the posterior border of the dactyli of the
legs is serrated. ;
The fourth (last) pair of legs are small slender rudiments, not a
‘fourth the length of the 3rd pair.
A single male from off the Laccadives, 50 to 50 fathoms. Its
carapace is 10 millim. long and a little over 11 millim. broad.
The smoothness of the carapace, chelipeds, and legs, and the
inequality of the chelipeds distinguish this species from D. hispida, of
which, however, it may prove to be only a variety.
AcantHopromia, A. Milne Edwards.
Acanthodromia, A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., VIII. 1880, p. 31:
HE. L. Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris, (8) VIII. 1895-96, pp. 56, 57: Ortmann
in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii., Arthropoda, p. 1155.
Ditters from Dynomene in having the carapace longer than broad,
convex, and closely covered with spines instead of hairs.
Distribution: Caribbean Sea, Andaman Sea.
3. Acanthodromia margarita, Aleock.
Dynomene margarita, Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 19, pl. ii.
fig. 3,
The whole carapace and dorsal surfaces of the chelipeds and legs
are as closely as possible covered with spines and spinules : the under
surfaces of the body and legs, the eye-stalks, antenne, and external
maxillipeds are closely and crisply granulay.
584
Carcinological Fauna of India. 135
On the middle of the fourth abdominal tergum is a pair of large
smooth tubercles, exactly like pearls, in the closest contact with one
another.
Carapace sub-cylindrical, longer than broad; the regions hardly
indicated, though the branchial groove is fairly plain.
Front triangular, deflexed, dorsally concave; its apex is in close
contact with that of the epistome, and is surmounted by a horizontal
spine similar to the larger spines of the surface of the carapace. Supra-
orbital borders tumid.
Antennal flagellum nearly as long as the carapace.
Chelipeds equal, a little longer and stouter than the first three pair
of legs, and not much longer than the carapace. The fingers are short
and stout, and meet throughout their extent.
The last pair of legs are slender rudiments, hardly longer than the
basal joints of the other legs.
Colours in spirit, milk-white; eyes deeply pigmented.
A single small male from the Andaman Sea, 75 fathoms. The
length of its carapace is 5 millim,
Family III. DROMIIDA.
Key to the Indian Genera and Sub-genera of Dromiide.
IT. Front much as in Dynomene, broadly triangular, dorsally
grooved, notched at tip. The sternal grooves of the
female do not quite reach to the level of the genital
openings on the 2nd pair of legs (third pereiopods) ws SPHHRODROMIA,
II. Front usually cut into 3, sometimes into 2, teeth, rarely
entire and triangular. The sternal grooves of the female
reach at least as far as the level of the bases of the 1st
pair of legs (2nd pereiopods) : —
1. Third pair of legs, though shorter, not less stout
than the first two pair; ending in a huge talon-like
dactylus: fourth (last) pair of legs short and very
‘slender. Carapace flat and pentagonal ... CONCHOECETES.
2. Third pair of legs similar to, though Baristiniea
shorter than, the forrth (last) pair. Carapace usn-
ally convex :—
i, Fourth (last) pair of legs shorter than the
first two pair :—
a. Legs smooth, the meropodites not
specially dilated vee «. DromiA & Dromipia,
b. Legs nodular, the meropodites not
specially dilated a «.. CRYPTODROMIA.
c. Legs nodular; the meropodites of the
chelipeds and first or first two pair of
legs dilated, petal-like .,, -. PETALOMERA
585
eS
136 Carcinological Fauna of India.
ii. Fourth (last) pair of legs at least as long as
either of the first two pair eS .. Psrupopromia. / 4
Sphxrodromia and Conchoecetes, and doubtfully also Pseudodromia, are to be
looked upon as distinct genera. But there are undoubtedly forms that are trans-
itional between Dromia and Dromidia, Dromia and Cryptodromia, and Cryptodromia
and Petalomera, and even between Dromia and Pseudodromia, so that these ought
not, in a natural system, to be separated, though for convenience they may stand
as subgenera.
Dromia, Fabr.
Dromia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 8359: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. &c., V.
p. 883, and Norv. Dict. Hist. Nat. IX. p. 583: Leach, Malac. Pod. Britt. Text of
pl. xxiv A: Risso, Hist. Nat. Crust. Nice, p. 15, and Hist. Nat, Europ. Mérid. V. p. 32:
Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 186: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. p. 170:
Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Verteb. (2nd ed. 1838) V. p. 480: De Haan, Faun.
Japon. Crust. p. 104: Dana, U. S. Expl. Expd. Crust. pt. I. p. 402: Stimpson, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 226: Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 3:
Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier-Reich, V. ii. Arthropoda, p. 1155.
All parts except the tips of the fingers and of the dactyli are, gener-
ally, tomentose.
Carapace not elongate in the adult, strongly convex or subglobose.
Front cut into three teeth, of which the middle one is on a lower
plane than the others and is often so much smaller than them and so
much deflexed as to be hardly visible from a dorsal view.
Palate well delimited from the epistome : efferent branchial channels
well defined, but not always bounded by distinct and unbroken ridges.
The chelipeds may have some of the joints nodose, but the legs are
smooth.
None of the legs have the merus dilated. The last two pair of legs
are distinctly subcheliform, the spine at the end of the propodite
against which the dactylus closes being well developed.
The sternal grooves of the female do not meet, and they end on the
2nd segment of the sternum, between the 2nd pereiopods.
The branchial formula is as follows :—
Somites and Poo: Arthrobranchiz,
F : ini Pleuro-
ees EOE. Ant erior. peer, Dene
Willig S06 ep. 0) O 0) = O ep.
VAL eee 1l+ep. 0 0 0) = l+ep.
TEX et O ep. 1 1 0 = 2+ep.
2 ae O ep. 1 1 0 = 2+ep.
Gee ee 0 1 1 (small) 1 = 3
DIME 590 0 1 1 (small) 1 = 3
DANN. aos 0 1 0 1 = 2
XonVE 0 0 0 il et
Total ... 1+4 ep. 5 4 4. 1444 ep.
586
Carcinological Fauna of India. . 137
Key to the Indian species of the genus Dromia.
I. Carapace, in the adult, broader than long: front cut into 3
teeth of nearly equal size, of which the middle one is slightly
the most prominent: third (penultimate) pair of legs hardly
shorter than the fourth (last) ; no large spiue at the far end of
the posterior border of the propodite of the fourth (last) pair D. rumphit.
II. Carapace, in the adult, at least as long as broad: front cut
into 3 teeth, of which the middle one is so small and so much
deflexed as to be almost invisible in a dorsal view: third pair
of legs very markedly shorter than the fourth; a spine at
the far end of the posterior border of the propodite of the
fourth (last) pair quite as long as that at the same end of the
anterior border :—
1. True antero-lateral border of the carapace with 3 or 4
SPINCSi sires: cee oon oe ... D. cranioides.
2. True antero-lateral border of the carapace entire ... D, unidentata,
4. Dromia Rumphii, Fabr.
Cancer lanosus, Rumph, Amboin. Rariteitk. p. 19. pl. xi. fig. 1: Seba, Thesaurus,
III. pl. xviii. fig. 1.
Dromia Rumphii, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 860: Milne Edwards, Hist.
Nat. Crust. II. 174: De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 107, pl. xxxii: Stimpson, Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 240: Tozzetti, ‘‘ Magenta” Crust., p. 207: Hilgendorf
MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 812: Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 370: Walker,
Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XX. 1886-1890, p. 111: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. &e.,
VI. 1892, p. 548: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool, (2) V. 1893, p. 406.
All parts, except the tips of the fingers and dactyli thickly covered
with a harsh tomentum, with sometimes scattered tufts of longer hair
on the carapace.
Carapace in adults broader than long, strongly convex, smooth ;
the cardiac region and the branchial or “cervical” groove on either
side of it plainly marked, the gastric region faintly indicated.
Front cut into 3 nearly horizontal teeth of nearly equal size, the
middle one on a lower plane and slightly the most prominent.
In young specimens a projection of the upper edge of the ‘ orbit”
marks the position of the true #ther supra-orbital angle of the higher
Brachyura, but in large specimens this is obsolete.
The true antero-lateral borders of the carapace are cut into 3 sharp
but coarsish spines, the 2nd of which often has a small secondary
denticle at its base. In addition there is a spine on the summit of the
infra-orbital lobule, and another at the outer angle of the buccal cavern.
The postero-lateral borders are convergent and have one large
coarse spine, placed immediately behind the cervical groove.
The borders of the arm are dentate, especially the upper border,
and there are 2 or 3 teeth at the distal end of the upper border of the
587
138 Curcinological Fauna of India.
wrist and also along the upper border of the hand: all these dentations
tend to disappear with age, but two tubercles at the distal end of the
outer surface of the wrist are persistent.
The last two pair of legs are about equal in length, being hardly
half as long as either of the first two pair: their propodites are much
shortened and their dactyli are claw-like, forming chele with the
opposing spines at the end of the propodites.
Abdomen of male with a broad convex ridge down the middle
line.
Sternal tubercles of female very prominent.
Iu the Indian Museum are specimens from the Persian Gulf,
Malabar coast (28 to 49 fms.), Ceylon, Coromandel coast, Orissa coast
(25 fms.) and Gulf of Martaban (67 fms.)—also 2 from Mauritius.
The largest specimen, from Mauritius, is 5$ inches across the
carapace.
Distribution : Indo-Pacific Seas from the Red Sea, Mozambique, and
Mauritius, to Japan.
5. Dromia cranioides, de Man.
Dromidia cranioides, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII., 1887-88, p. 208,
pl. xiv. figs. 6-8.
Carapace etc. tomentose. Carapace globose, a little longer than
broad, perfectly smooth except for the “cervical” groove and for two
small faint elevations side by side just behind the front.
Front cut into 3 teeth, the middle one of which is so small and on
a plane so much lower than the others that it is hardly seen in a dorsal
view.
A strongly marked acuminate tooth near the middle of the upper
border of the orbit is equivalent to the inner supra-orbital angle of
higher Brachyura. Sub-orbital lobe dentiform, very prominent. Outer
orbital angle well defined, dentiform.
True antero-lateral borders of the carapace cut into 3 or 4 teeth ;
when 4, it is by intercalation of a little tooth close to the base of the Ist.
A tooth, but not a strongly pronounced one, at the outer angle of the
buceal cavern. :
Postero-lateral borders slightly convergent, with one tooth placed
immediately behind the branchial or “ cervical ” groove.
Borders of arm granular. or obtusely denticulate, as also are the
upper border of the wrist and of the hand: two tubercles at the distal
end of the outer surface of the wrist.
The last two pair of legs have aclaw-like dactylus which meets, in
a cheliform manner, a spine at the end of the corresponding propodite.
in
588
Careinological Fauna of India. 139
The last pair are much longer than the last pair but one, being, in fact,
very little shorter than either of the first two pair.
Abdomen as in D. Rumphii.
The sternal grooves of the female approach one another closely,
but do not actually meet, on the 2nd segment of the sternum, near the
anterior end of which they terminate, without tubercles.
In the Indian Museum are 5 females and 2 males, from the Anda-
mans and Mergui.
The length of the carapace of the largest specimen is 28 millim,
This species may perhaps turn out to be identical with Dromia
indica Gray (Zool. Miscell., p. 40).
6. Dromia unidentata, Riippell.
Dromia wnidentata, Ruppell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer., p. 16, pl. iv. fig. 2, pl. vi.
fig. 9: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 178: A Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv.
du Mus. IV. 1868, p. 72: Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 813: Miiller, Verh.
Nat. Ges. Basel. VIII. 1886, p. 472. zs
Dromidia wnidentata, Kossmann, Reise roth. Meer. Crust. p. 67: de Man,
Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XXII. 1887-88, p. 207, pl. xiv. figs. 4-5: Cano, Boll. Soc.
Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p, 255: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., (2) V. 1893,
p. 405: Ortmann, in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. (Jena. Denkschr. VIII) Crust. p. 34.
Carapace etc. densely tomentose. Carapace about as long as
broad, strongly convex, with some dimples when denuded, two of which,
separating the post-gastric from the branchial regions, are specially
conspicuous. ‘ Cervical” groove well marked.
Front cut into two broadish but sharp teeth, between which, but on
a very much lower plane, is an extremely inconspicuous denticle.
A broad tooth (‘‘ internal supra-orbital angle”’) near the middle
of the upper border of the orbit. Outer orbital angle prominent but
not dentiform. Suborbital lobe bluntly dentitorm, but not prominent.
Antero-lateral borders entire, rather sharp. A slight projection,
hardly amounting to a tooth, on the postero-lateral border, immediately
behind the branchial or “ cervical’ groove.
Chelipeds smooth, except for two tubercles at the far end of the
outer surface of the wrist.
The fourth (last) pair of legs are not so very much shorter than
either of the first two pair and are very much longer than the 3rd _ pair.
The propodites of the last two pair are much broader than long and are
very spiny, one of the spines in the case cf the last pair being as least
as long as the spine against which the claw-like dactylus closes—so
much so, that the last pair of legs appear to end in 3 claw-like spines
the middle one being the dactylus.
589
140 Carcinological Fauna of India.
The abdomen of the male, when denuded, has a broad convex ridge
down the middle line; but when not denuded, the terminal segments
of the male abdomen form with the basal joints of the chelipeds and
first two pair of legs a remarkably flat surface, owing to the abrupt
angular bending up of the last three abdominal segments.
The sternal grooves of the female approach one another closely, but
do not actually meet, on the second segment of the sternum, near the
anterior end of which they terminate, but without tubercles.
In the Indian Museum are 4 males and an egg-laden female, from
Mergui, Port Blair, and the Persian Gulf.
The carapace of the largest specimen is 24 millim. long.
In one of the male specimens, in which the vasa deferentia are, as
usual, wonderfully prominent, there are also openings in the basal joints
of the 2nd pair of legs (3rd pereiopods) corresponding with the genital
openings of the female.
Distribution: Red Sea and Hast coast of Africa, Persian Gulf,
Ceylon, Coromandel coast, Andaman Sea, Malay Archipelago.
Subgenus Dromipia, Stimpson.
Dromidia, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 225: Henderson,
Challenger Anomura, p 12: Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii. Arthropoda,
p. 1155.
Dromidia is stated to differ from Dromia in having (1) the efferent
branchial channels defined each by a distinct ridge, and (2) the sternal
grooves of the female produced to, and approximated together on, the
segment bearing the chelipeds.
Neither of these characters is sufficiently definite to be of generic
value, and I do not think that they are enough to justify even sub-
generic recognition.
Henderson (Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 406) includes
Dromia (Dromidia) australiensis Haswell in the Indian Fauna, basing
his identification on de Man’s figure (Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887,
i. pl. xvii. fig. 6.) But as that figure does not seem to me to correspond
unequivocally with Haswell’s description (Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. Wales,
VI. 1882, p. 755, and Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 139), it is sufficient for
present proposes to quote these references.
Subgenus Crypropromia, Stimpson.
Cryptodromia, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858, p. 225: Miers, Cat.
Crust. New Zealand, p. 57: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 138: Henderson,
Challenger Anomura, p. 5: Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich, VY, ii. Arthropoda,
p. 1155.
Epidromia, Kossmann, Reise roth-Meer., Crust., p. 69.
590
Carcinological Fauna of India, 141
Differs from Dromia only in the following particalars :—
The tomentum when present is much shorter and more velvet-like,
The legs, or at least the first two pairs of them, are nodular, as well as
the chelipeds. According to Bouvier and Ortmaun the chelipeds are
without an epipodite; but in C. lateralis this is not the case, and a
small epipodite is present. The ridges that define the efferent branchial
channels are distinct and unbroken.
The species are all small.
Key to the Indian species of Cryptodromia.
I. Carapace smooth (non-granular) :—
1. No spines on dorsal surface of carapace :—
i. Front cut into 3 teeth, all of which are plainly visible
in a dorsal view: antero-lateral borders of carapace
with more than one tooth: legs nodular :—
a. Antero-lateral borders with 3 teeth (not including
the outer orbital angle and some teeth on the :
subhepatic region) Hoe Or .. C. tuberculata.
b. Antero-lateral borders with 2 teeth (not including
the outer orbital angle, etc.) :—
a, Regions of carapace well defined : no tubercle
on the surface of the maxillipeds... ... CG. canaliculata,
B. A pearl-like tubercle in the middle of the
exposed surface of the merus of the external
maxillipeds see ooo w. C. bullifera,
ii. Front cut into 3 teeth, the middle one of which is
hardly seen in a dorsal view: antero-lateral borders
of carapace with a single tooth, at their anterior end :
legs hardly nodular coe o. C. hilgendoryfir,
2. A dorsal spine on the hepatic region of the carapace, just
behind the outer orbital angle ... see ... OC. de Manii
II. Carapace (and appendages also) profusely granular: the
regions of the carapace well defined and areolated :—
1. Carapace subcircular in outline, its antero-lateral borders
entire ese oC “ ove .. OC. ebaliordes.
2. Carapace pentagonal in Patling, its antero-lateral borders
dentate Hee tee ses see we C. Gilesii.
7. Dromia (Cryptodromia) tuberculata, Stimpson.
Cryptodromia tuberculata, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Philad. 1858, p. 239:
de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 401.
Var. pileifera, nov.
Carapace etc. covered with a short scurfy tomentum which does not
conceal the underlying texture.
591
142 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Carapace broader than long, convex, smooth, without distinction of
regions: the cervical groove broad, shallow.
Front cut into 3 broad triangular teeth of about equal size, the
middle one of which is on a lower plane than the others and is deflexed.
A sharp tooth near the middle of the upper border of the orbit
marks the true inner supra-orbital angle. Outer orbital angle denti-
form. Suborbital lobe dentiform and very prominent.
True antero-lateral border cut into 3 or 4 blunt teeth: in the gap
between the 1st tooth and the outer orbital angle two subhepatic
teeth—one of which is large—show up and, from a dorsal view, look
as if they belonged to the antero-lateral border: there are two similar
teeth, one alone of which is conspicuous, at the outer angle of the buccal
cavern.
On the postero-lateral border, at the branchial or “ cervical’’
groove, is a denticle.
Wrist and palm, and corresponding joints of first two pair of legs,
sharply and profusely nodular or tubercular on the outer surface :
fingers compressed.
The third pair of legs, though much slenderer and less nodular than
the first two pair and only about half their length, are fashioned on
much the same plan, except that the propodite is much shortened : the
spinule at the end of the propodite of this pair is not big enough to
form a chela with the claw-like dactylus.
Last (4th) pair of legs slender and smooth, hardly a dactylus
length shorter than the 2nd pair: their propodite has spines at the end
of both borders, the spine at the end of the anterior border being large
enough to form a chela with the dactylus.
Abdomen of the male slightly convex along the middle line, the
Ath and 5th terga with some little nodules: in the female the 3rd—5th
terga have the surface a little uneven, but not distinctly nodular.
Every specimen has a commensal sponge which covers it com-
pletely like a cap.
In the Indian Museum are 70 specimens from the Andaman reefs.
The carapace of a large egg-laden female is 9 millim. long and
11 millim, broad.
8. ? Dromia (COryptodromia) canaliculata, Stimpson.
? Cryptodromia canaliculata, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 240:
de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 402 (et synon.): Ortmann, Zool.
Jahrb., Syst. etc. VI. 1892, p. 545.
Dromia tomentosa, Heller, SB. Ak. Wien, XLIV. 1861, p. 241: Oryptedromia
tomentosa, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl, 1878, p. 818, pl. ii. figs. 3-5: Kossmann, Reise
roth. Meer. Crust. p. 68,
592
Carcinological Fauna of India. 143
? Cryptodromia pentagonalis, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl., p. 814, pl. ii. figs. 1-2:
Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 406.
Carapace etc. with a short velvet-like tomentum.
Carapace not quite as long as broad, only moderately convex, its
surface smooth, its -regions very fairly indicated: the “ cervical”
groove is distinct, the fronto-orbital region is marked off by a shallow
transverse groove that runs from one antero-lateral angle of the
carapace to the other, and the front itself is longitudinally grooved.
Front cut into 3 broad triangular teeth of nearly equal size, the
middle one nearly horizontal, but on a much lower plane than the
others, which are somewhat upcurved.
A tooth near the middle of the upper border of the orbit marks the
position of the true inner supra-orbital angle. Outer orbital angle
dentiform, Infra-orbital lobe dentiform and prominent.
True antero-lateral borders with 2 teeth: in the concave space
between the lst (large) tooth and the outer orbital angle a stout sub-
hepatic tooth shows up: below this again is a tooth at the outer angle
of the buccal cavern.
On the postero-lateral border, immediately behind the branchial or
“ cervical” groove, is a tooth.
Outer surface of wrist nodular: a few nodules on upper border of
palm : fingers short and stout.
The carpus and propodite of the first 2 pair of legs are nodular.
Last 2 pair of legs short and slender, not nodular, not much more
than half the length of the first 2 pair: the 4th (last) pair very little
longer than the 3rd. Both end in a strong claw-like dactylus, but are
hardly cheliform, although there is a small spine at the end of the
propodite of each. :
Abdomen of male with a convex ridge down the middle line.
In the Indian Museum are 2 males and a female, from the Anda-
mans and the Persian Gulf.
The carapace of the largest specimen is 14 millim. long.
Distribution : Indo-Pacific Seas from the Red Sea and east coast of
Africa to Japan.
9. Dromia (Cryptodromia) bullifera, n. sp.
Carapace etc. covered with a short tomentum.
Carapace about as long as broad, convex, smooth, ‘cervical ”
groove shallow but distinct.
Front cut into 3 acute rather slender teeth, the middle one of
which is on a lower plane and is slenderer than the others.
An acute spine near the middle of the upper border of the orbit
593
144 Carcinological Fauna of India.
marks the position of the true inner supra-orbital angle. Outer orbital
angle spiniform. Suborbital lobe dentiform, fairly prominent.
True antero-lateral borders of the carapace cut into 2 teeth, the
anterior being much the larger and spine-like. In the gap between the
lst tooth and the outer orbital angle two small smooth subhepatic
tubercles are visible, one below the other.
An elegant pearl-like tubercle below the sub-orbital lobe, a similar
but smaller tubercle in the middle of the exposed surface of the merus of
the external mazillipeds and another in the middle of the exposed surface
of the second joint of the antennal peduncle, are characteristic.
An extremely inconspicuous denticle on the postero-lateral border,
behind the branchial or “ cervical” groove.
Outer surface of wrist and upper surface of hand nodular, two of
the nodules on the wrist being particularly acute.
Outer surface of carpus and propodite of first 2 pair of legs broken
but not nodular.
Last 2 pair of legs slender and very short, ending in claw-like
dactyli, but not cheliform.
Abdomen of male convex along the middle liue.
One specimen from the Andaman Sea, 490 fathoms, another from
off Ceylon, 54 fathoms.
The carapace is between 5 and 6 millim. long.
10. Dromia (Cryptodromia) de Mani, n. sp.
Cryptodromia sp. de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII., 1888, p. 211.
Carapace etc. tomentose.
Carapace as long as broad, convex, smooth, the “ cervical” groove
rather indistinct.
Front cut into 3 teeth, the middle one of which is the smallest and
is much deflexed.
A tooth near the middle of the upper border of the orbit (true
inner supra-orbital angle). Outer orbital angle dentiform.
Suborbital lobe dentiform, but not very prominent.
True antero-lateral border with two blunt teeth: two more blunt
teeth on the subhepatic border and one at the angle of the buccal cavern -
are continued on from the antero-lateral border.
A tooth on the hepatic region, dorsad of the antero-lateral border, and
just behind the outer orbital angle, is characteristic.
A tiny denticle on the postero-lateral border, just behind the
branchial or “ cervical” groove.
Outer surface of wrist and upper surface of hand nodular; outer
surface of haud granular.
594
Carcinological Fauna of India. 145
Outer surface of carpus and propodite of first two pair of legs
uneven but not distinctly nodular.
Last 2 pair of legs short, ending in claw-like dactyli, not cheliform ;
the 3rd pair shorter than the 4th.
A single small specimen from Mergui (Anderson collection).
11. Dromia (Cryptodromia) Hilgendorfi, de Man.
Cryptodromia Hilgendorfi, de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. 404,
pl. xvii. fig. 3.
Carapace etc. with a short velvet-like tomentum,
Carapace longer than broad, convex, smooth, without distinction
of regions. “Cervical” groove broad and shallow.
Front cut into 3 teeth, the lateral ones broad and triangular, the
middle one so small aud deflexed as to be hardly visible in a dorsal
view.
There is no distinct tooth in the upper border of the orbit, but
only an angular bulge, to mark the position of the inner supra-orbital
angle. Outer orbital angle and sub-orbital lobe not dentiform.
The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are smooth and entire,
but as they bend sharply inwards towards the orbits their anterior
angle forms a forwardly-directed tooth, the space between which and
the outer-orbital angle is concave.
A very small prominence on the postero-lateral border, just behind
the branchial or “ cervical” groove.
The chelipeds and legs have an uneven surface, but are not really
nodular, though both the inner and outer angles of the wrist are
strongly pronounced.
The last 2 pair of legs are short and slender, the 4th (last) pair
being very little longer than the 3rd; both end in stout claw-like
dactyli but are not at all cheliform.
The abdomen bends in very sharply from the 4th segment, making
the under surface of the body very flat.
In the Indian Museum are a male and a female from the Persian
Gulf.
The carapace of the larger of the two is 12 millim. long.
Distribution: Indo-Malayan coasts.
12. Dromia (Cryptodromia) ebalioides, n. sp.
Carapace hardly at all tomentose: a few hairs on the borders of
some of the leg-joints.
Carapace subcircular with projecting front, convex, its surface
closely and crisply granular: not only are all its regions very distinct
595
146 Carcinological Fauna of India.
but they are also areolated, the individual areole being convex, subcir-
cular, and particularly well defined. ‘The true cervical groove is present,
as well as the branchial groove that generally goes by this name.
Front longitudinally grooved, cut into 3 serrulated teeth of which
the lateral ones are broadly triangular, while the middle one is narrow
and is more prominent than the others.
Upper border of the orbit very oblique, serrulate, devoid of any
tooth to mark the inner supra-orbital angle of the higher Brachyura.
Outer orbital angle and suborbital lobe not prominent.
Lateral borders of carapace serrulate, not toothed, though there
may be a small granular bulge in front of, and another behind, the
branchial groove.
Legs and chelipeds crisply granular, the chelipeds and first two
pair of legs being also nodular.
Last 2 pair of legs very slender, hardly half the length of the first
2 pair, ending in hook-like dactyli, not cheliform.
First four abdominal terga with some symmetrical granular sculp-
ture, the other three granular but not sculptured.
Three specimens, a male and 2 females, from Karachi: the cara-
pace of the largest is 7 millim. long and 8 millim. broad.
This species, and the one following, show the transition to Petalo-
mera, having a granular carapace, on the dorsal surface of which the
true cervical groove is as plain as the branchial groove that is commonly
called “ cervical.”
13. Dromia (Cryptodromia) Gilesii, n. sp.
Closely related to D. sculpta, Haswell.
Carapace etc. without tomentum: afew hairs on some of the leg-
joints,
Carapace pentagonal, convex, its greatest length about equal to its
greatest breadth, the greater part of its surface covered with vesiculous
granules: not only are all the regions very distinct, but they are also
areolated—the areola however not being so individually convex as they
are in D. ebalioides. The true cervical groove is present as well as the
branchial groove.
Front cut into 3 triangular teeth, of which the middle one is the
smallest and is on a lower plane and obliquely deflexed.
Upper orbital border very oblique: a hardly noticeable angulation
—not a distinct tooth—marks the true inner supra-orbital angle. Outer
orbital angle not pronounced. Suborbital lobe dentiform but inconspi-
cuous.
Antero-lateral borders of the carapace cut into 5 small granular
596
Carcinological Fauna of India. 147
Jobules or tubercles, of which only 2 belong to the true antero-lateral
border, the other 3 being on the subhepatic border and at the outer angle
of the buccal cavern.
A granular tubercle on the postero-lateral border, just behind the
“cervical” groove.
Legs and chelipeds crisply granular, the chelipeds and first 3 pair
of legs being also nodular: the nodules on the carpal joints being
prominent and acute.
Last 2 pair of legs very slender, hardly half the length of the first
2 pair, ending in hook-like dactyli, not cheliform.
All the abdominal terga are symmetrically sculptured and granular.
In the Indian Museum are 12 specimens, from off the Malabar
coast, 29 fathoms.
The carapace of an egg-laden female is § millim. long and 83 millim.
broad.
This species is easily distinguished from D. ebalioides (1) by the
sharply pentagonal carapace and less-completely isolated areolew, (2) by
the much more prominent front, (3) by the antero-lateral borders being
broken by irrregular tubercle-like lobules, and (4) by the more abund-
ant sculpture of the abdominal terga: in everything but the form of
the meropodites of the chelipeds and first pair of legs it strongly resem-
‘bles Petalomera.
Subgenus PeTALOMERA, Stimpson.
Petalomera, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 226: Ortmann in
Bronn’s Thier Reich (/oc, cit.) p. 1155 (name only).
Petalomera closely resembles Cryptodromia, especially those species
(e.g. Oryptodromia ebalioides and Gilesii) in which the carapace is
granular and has the cervical and branchial grooves both well deve-
loped ; and, indeed, only differs from Oryptodromia in having the upper
border of the meropodites of the chelipeds and first, or first two, pair
of legs produced to form a crest so high and thin as to give the joint a
petaloid shape.
As in Cryptodromia the sternal grooves of the female are widely
separated, and end on the second segment of the sternum. As in
Cryptodromia lateralis, there is a small epipodite to the chelipeds.
There can be little doubt that, as Bouvier (Bull. Soc. Philomath.
Paris, 1895-96, p. 52) has remarked, Petalomera is a form slightly more
primitive than Dromia.
14. Dromia (Petalomera) granulata, Stimpson.
Petalomera granulata, Stimpson, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci, Philad., 1858, p. 240.
O07
148 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Petalomera granulata var. indica, nov.
Carapace etc. hardly at all hairy: edges of the legs with some
hairs.
Carapace a little longer than broad, convex in both directions, with
numerous unevenly distributed vesiculous granules : all the regions are
distinct, but are not all equally well defined. The cervical and bran-
chial grooves are both present.
Front dorsally grooved in the middle line, cut into 3 serrulate
teeth, of which the lateral ones are large and triangular, while the
middle one is small and is on a much lower plane.
Upper border of orbit serrulate: a tooth near its middle marks the
true inner supra-orbital angle. Outer orbital angle pronounced but not
dentiform. The suborbital lobe forms a granular tubercle or denticle.
Antero-lateral borders of the carapace cut into 3 granular teeth,
the first being subhepatic.
Chelipeds very much more massive than the legs: they and the
first pair of legs have the merus petaloid, owing chiefly to the thin
expanded crest-like upper border of that joint. The merus of the next
pair of legs is not petaloid, though its upper border is sharp. In the
chelipeds the inner border of the wrist and the upper border of the
palm are prominent and, like the upper and outer surfaces of those
joints, are granular: there are also two sharp tubercles at the distal
end of the outer surface of the wrist.
The first two pair of legs have a few small granules on some of the
joints.
The last two pair of legs are slender and end in small claw-like
dactyli, which are opposed to a very small spine at the end of the cor-
responding propodites: the last pair of legs is very slightly longer than
the penultimate pair.
In both sexes the abdomen has a convex ridge down the middle
line and the 2nd-5th terga have a few scattered granules on their
surface.
The largest specimen is slightly over 15 millim, long, and is
15 millim. broad, but in young specimens the carapace is more elongate.
Colours of fresh spirit specimens: yellow with some reddish mark- -
ngs.
In the Indian Museum are 22 specimons, from the Andamans and
from off Ceylon 28 and 34 fathoms.
This variety is to be distinguished from P. granulata only in not
having the merus of the second pair of legs (3rd pereiopods) petaloid.
From P. pulchra Miers (Zool. H. M.S. “ Alert” p. 260, pl. xxvii.
fig. A), it differs only in baving a tooth on the supra-orbital border,
598
Carcinological Fauna of India. 149
which border is serrulate not entire; in having small spines opposed
to the dactyli—at the end of the propodites of the last two pair of
legs; and in being more granular.
PsrupopRomIA, Stimpson.
Pseudodromia, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 226: Henderson,
Challenger Anomura, p. 15; Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier Reich V. ii., Arthropoda,
p. 1155.
Homalodromia, Miers (nec Homolodromia A. M, Edw.), Zool. H. M.S. Alert,
p. 953.
Differs from Dromza in the following particulars :—
The carapace is more elongate: the efferent branchial channels
are defined by ridges.
The fourth (last) pair of legs are as long as, or even longer than,
the first two pair.
The sternal grooves of the female end in two tubercles placed close
together near the bases of the chelipeds.
The front is variable: it may be cut into 3 teeth as in most species
of Dromia, or may be bilobed, or may consist of a single triangular
tooth.
Distribution: Cape of Good Hope, Seychelles, Indian Seas.
N. B.—In Dromia cranioides, Dromia unidentata and Cryptodromia tuberculata
the last pair of legs are very little shorter than either of the first two pair. .
Key to the Indian species of Pseudodromia.
I. Front cut into 2 teeth, each of which isfused at base with
the tooth of the prominent supra-orbital margin; so that
the front appears to be formed of two divergent lobes each
of which has both its angles acutely produced ... P. quadricornis,
II, Front in the form of a single triangular tooth ... .. PP. integrifrons.
15. Pseudodromia quadricornis, n. sp. ?
Perhaps identical with “‘ Homalodromia” Coppinger, Miers, loc. cit. pl. L. fig. B.
Carapace etc. tomentose: a line of peculiarly long silky hairs forms
a fringe or false anterior border to the carapace, behind the deflexed
front.
Front deflexed, dorsally grooved in the middle line, cut into two
broad teeth, each of which is fused at base with a broad supra-orbital
tooth ; so that the front appears to consist of two large lobes, each of
which has its anterior edge concave and its antero-lateral angles acutely
produced.
Carapace in the adult longer than broad, slightly convex from side
599
150 Carcinological Fauna of India.
to side, almost flat fore and aft behind the line of long hairs that marks
the frontal declivity: its surface, when denuded, is quite smooth: only
the branchial or “ cervical” groove and the cardiac region are distinctly
marked.
Lateral borders of carapace entire, except that there may be a tiny
denticle behind the branchial groove.
Outer orbital angle dentiform. Sub-orbital lobe dentiform, de-
flexed.
Chelipeds and legs comparatively slender, the chelipeds shorter
and hardly stouter than the legs. Two acute tubercles on the outer
surface of the wrist.
Fourth (last) pair of legs little slenderer and about as long as
either of the first two pair, ending in a slender claw-like dactylus to
which a spinule at the end of the propodite is opposed.
Third pair of legs not less stout than, but only about half the
length of, the first two pair; ending in a claw-like dactylus.
Length of carapace of an adult female 7 millim,, greatest breadth—
in front of the branchial groove —6 millim.
Five specimens, representing adults of both sexes, from off Ceylon
34 fathoms, and from the Pedro Shoal (off Malabar coast) 20 fathoms.
16. Pseudodromia integrifrons, Henderson.
Pseudodromia integrifrons, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893,
p. 406, pl. xxxviii, figs. 7-9.
The front is entire and subacute, without any trace of lateral teeth.
No supra-orbital tooth. Outer orbital angle poorly marked. The lower
orbital margin is formed simply by the antennal peduncle. Chelipeds
without any teeth or tubercles. The carpus of the third pair of legs
has a prominent lobe at its distal end, anteriorly. Dactylus of fourth
(last) pair of legs straight: its propodite with 3 spinules at its far end.
Loc. Tuticorin.
No specimens in the Indian Museum,
Concna@cetes, Stimpson.
Conchecetes, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 226: Ortmann in
Bronn’s Thier Reich, loc. cit. (name only).
All parts, except the dactyli and tips of the fingers covered with a
close velvet-like tomentum.
Carapace not elongate in the adult, dorsaliy quite flat, sub-
pentagonal in outline.
Front cut into 3 teeth, of which the middle one is on a very much
lower plane (and is much smaller) than the others.
600
Carcinological Fauna of India. 151
Palate well delimited from the epistome. fferent branchial
channels well defined.
Chelipeds in the male much more massive and much longer than
any of the legs.
The third pair of legs though shorter are not less massive than the
first 2 pair, and end in a powerful talon like dactylus. The fourth
(last) pair of legs are short and slender.
The sternal grooves of the female do not meet; they end in tuber-
cles on the second segment of the sternum, between the bases of the
2nd pereiopods.
The branchial formula and the number and disposition of the
epipodites are exactly the same as in Dromia Rumphit.
17. Conchecetes artificiosus (Fabr.).
Dromia artificiosa, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 360.
Cancer artificiosus, Herbst, Krabben, ITI. iii. 54, pl. lviii. fig. 7.
Conchecetes artificiosus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 240:
Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 407.
Dromia conchifera, Haswell, P. L. 8., N. S. Wales, VI. 1881-2, p. 757, and Cat.
Austral. Crust. p. 141, pl. iii. fig. 4.
Carapace etc. with a dense short velvety tomentum.
Carapace pentagonal, with the posterior border of the pentagon
curved, its dorsal surface quite flat, its greatest length (in the adult)
about equal to its greatest breadth, its regions all well defined by
grooves, the cervical and branchial furrows both equally well cut.
There are sometimes a few granules near the borders of the carapace.
Front cut into 3 teeth with granular edges, the middle tooth being
smaller and on a much lower plane than the others.
Upper border of orbit very oblique: a granular spine or tooth
marks the true inner supra-orbital angle of higher Brachyura. Outer
border of orbit apparently wanting, but on denudation a concave row of
granules is found there. Sub-orbital lobe granular and dentiform.
On the lateral borders of the carapace are usually two teeth, one
immediately behind the cervical groove, the other immediately behind
the branchial groove: one (the posterior) or both of these teeth may
be nearly worn away, but usually they are both very distinct. Between
the first spine and the orbital tooth is a (sometimes broken) row of
granules, and between the same spine and the outer angle of the buccal
cavern is a row of granular tubercles: the surface of the subhepatic
region between these two rows of granules may, when denuded, be
granular or not.
The chelipeds of the adult male are, as in Petalomera, much more
601
152 Oarcinological Fauna of India.
massive, compared with the legs, than is usual among the Dromiide :
they are also much longer than any of the legs. The outer (exposed)
surfaces of all the joints are more or less granular, some of the granules
on the palm being very large and visible without denudation: in
addition, the upper border of the arm is denticulate, there are 2 coarse
tubercles at the far end of the outer surface of the wrist, and 2 on the
palm just behind the finger-joint.
The first 3 pair of legs are short, and some of their joints are
granular and have a tendency to be nodular, a nodule on the carpus
being very constant. Of these legs the 3rd pair ends in a characteristic
stout talon-like dactylus the tip of which bends towards a stout lobe
at the proximal end of the posterior border of the propodite.
The 4th (last) pair of legs are very slender: they reach to the far
end of the carpus of the 3rd pair, and end in a tiny claw-like dactylus.
In both sexes the abdomen has a convexity along the middle line.
This species protects itself with the valve of a Lamellibranch shell,
which is held, as in a frame, by the strong hook-like dactyli of the
third pair of legs.
In the Indian Museum are 24 specimens, representing both sexes,
from the Andamans, from various parts of the Coromandel coast be-
tween Tuticorin and the Hooghly Delta, and from off the Indus Delta
up toadepth of 62 fathoms. It appears to prefer a muddy bottom.
There are also 2 specimens from Hongkong.
Distribution: coasts of India, China, and Australia.
18. Conchoecetes andamanicus n. sp. ?
Three small specimens from the Andamans differ from adults in
the following particulars :—
The carapace, though not flatter dorsally, is more depressed and
therefore much shallower.
The front is cut into 2 triangular teeth, between which is a tiny
denticle not visible in a dorsal view.
There is no spine or tooth on the upper border of the orbit.
The antero-lateral borders though granular are thin and overhang-
ing, and are without any traces of spines or teeth behind the cervical.
and branchial grooves. The subhepatic regions are granular but are
not bounded by distinct rows of granules.
Instead of two blunt tubercles behind the finger-joint, there is one
large subacute tubercle.
SpH#ropromiA, Alcock.
Sphzxrodromia, Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachynura, p. 16.
602
Carcinological Fauna of India. 153
All parts except the tips of the fingers and of the dactyli are
tomentose.
Carapace not elongate, subglobose, Front broadly triangular,
somewhat deflexed, dorsally grooved, rather deeply notched at tip (of
the Dynomene-type).
Palate well delimited from the epistome: efferent branchial
channels defined by ridges.
The chelipeds and legs are as in typical Dromia, except that the
chelipeds are not at all nodose.
The sternal grooves of the female are wide apart and do not reach
to the level of the genital openings, exactly resembling those of Dyno-
mene.
Though the gills are phyllobranchie the individual gill-plates are
narrow and thick and are undoubtedly transitional.
19. . Spherodromia Kendalli, Aleock & Anderson.
Dromidia Kendalli, Alcock & Anderson, J. A. S. B. Vol. LXIJI. pt. 2, 1894,
p- 175: Illustrations of the Zoology of the Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xxiv. figs. 1,
la.
Dromia (Sphxrodromia) Kendalli, Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura,
p. 16.
Carapace etc. covered with a dense, yellowish, velvet-like tomen-
tum.
Carapace sub-circular, globose, smooth except for a few vesiculous
granules on the pterygostomian regions and on the posterior part of the
sidewall, only the cardiac region and the branchial, or “ cervical ”’
groove are marked. [The true cervical groove is not distinguishable on
the dorsum of the carapace].
The front consists of two triangular teeth. The upper border of
the orbit is oblique, but there is no tooth—only a break, or fold, better
visible from below than from above—to mark the true inner supra-
orbital angle. The outer angle of the orbit is not defined. The sub-
orbital lobe is broadly and bluntly triangular.
Lateral borders of the carapace entire, the antero-lateral borders
subcristiform and ending at the sub-orbital lobe.
The external maxillipeds when closed leave a gap between their
anterior border and the edge of the epistome.
Vesiculous granules are present on the edges of the arms, on the
upper and outer surfaces of the wrists, and everywhere on the hands
except on the lower part of the inner surface.
The last two pairs of legs are about equal and are about half as
long as the other legs: each ends in a small claw-like dactylus which
is opposed to two or three tiny spinules at the end of its propodite.
603
154 Carcinological Fauna of India.
A single female, with the carapace 18 millim. in diameter from the
Bay of Bengal, off Nellore coast, 112 fathoms.
20. Spherodromia nua, n. sp.
Differs from Spherodromia Kendalli only in the following part-
iculars :—
The carapace though of the same subglobular shape is a little
broader than long; and the antero-lateral border, instead of running to
the orbital angle, runs down without interruption to the outer angle of
the buccal cavern. The surface of the carapace, especially in its antero-
lateral parts, is finely granular under a lens. The sub-orbital lobe is
neither dentiform nor prominent.
A male and a female from the Gulf of Martaban, 70 fathoms.
The carapace of the female is nearly 10 millim. long and nearly
11 millim, broad.
Tribe HOMOLIDEA.
Family I. HOMOLIDAi.
Key to the Indian genera of the Family Homolide.
I. Carapace ovoid. External maxillipeds quite pediform :
terminal joint of the eye-stalk very much longer than the
basal joint, which is obsolescent: dactylus of last pair of
legs very small, and shutting down on the slightly ex-
panded distal border of the propodite eo ... HYPSOPHRYS.
II. External maxillipeds subpediform, the merus, thongh not
a broad joint, having its outer angle distinctly dilated :
terminal joint of the last pair of legs shutting against the
posterior border of the propodite :—
1. Carapace subquadrilateral, or urn-shaped, not de-
pressed; its hepatic spine some distance behind
the level of the supra-orbital spine: the terminal
joint of the eye-stalk is not always quite as long
as the basal joint os ee -.. Homota.
2. _Carapace urn-shaped, depressed ; its hepatic spine
almost on the same level as the supra-orbital
spine: the terminal joint of the eye-stalk is a
little longer than the basal joint... -»- PAROMOLOPSIS.
Howmota, Leach.
Homola, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. XI. 1815, p. 324, and Zool. Miscell. Vol.
Il. p. 82, pl. Ixxxviii: Latreille, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XV. 1817, p. 277, and in
Cuvier’s Regne Animal, ed. 1829, p. 67: Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 133:
Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Merid. Vol. V. pp. 34-35: Roux, Crust. de la Mediterranée
text of pl. vii: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IJ. 181: deHaan, Faun. Japon.
Crust. p. 105: Dana U. 8, Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 403: Heller, Crust. Sudl.
604
Carcinological Fauna of India. 155
Hurop. p. 148: Henderson, “Challenger” Anomura, p. 18: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb.
Syst. etc. VI. 1892, pp. 540 and 542 and in Bronn’s Thier Reich, V. ii. Arthropoda,
p. 1156: A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, “ Hirendelle” Brachyures et Anomures
(Monaco 1894) p. 60: Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 6.
Carapace deep, longer than broad, quadrilateral or urn-shaped, with
deep vertical sides, the gastric region well demarcated and occupying
the anterior half of the carapace, the linea anomurica distinct and dorsal.
Front narrow, forming a rostrum, which is either entire or bifid at
tip and has a spine, often of large size, on either side of its base.
The orbits are quite incomplete and do not even conceal the eye-
stalks, and the eyes, which project far outside them, are retractile
against the sides of the carapace. The eye-stalks are long and are
composed of two joints, a slender basal joint, and a swollen terminal
joint that carries the eye, the terminal joint (with the eye) being nearly
as long as the basal joint.
The epistome is fairly or very distinctly marked off from the palate.
The expiratory canals are very well defined. The external maxillipeds
are subpediform.
The chelipeds are rather slender and generally somewhat spiny.
The legs are long and more or less compressed and spiny, the last pair
are subcheliform, but have the propodite dilated near the basal end and
never twice the length of the dactylus.
The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven separate segments
and is rather broad.
The branchial formula is as follows :—
Somites and Pode: Arthrobranchiz. BEcce
on icin, a . \’ branchiee.
appendages. Anterior. Posterior.
Vive) On ep: ) 0 0 = ep
WITTE. .. 2+ep. 0) 1 0 = 2+ep
IXG OF ep: il 1 = = 2+ep
X. O ep. 1 1 On — 2+ ep.
xen caf eOepe 1 1 1 = 3+ep
MOO eps il 1 i = 3+ ep.
XII. 0 1 (0) 1 = 2
NOVA cs O 0 0 QO = 0
1+6 ep. 5 5 3 = 14+6 ep.
Distribution: West Indies and Atlantic coasts of N. America,
Azores and coast of Portugal: Mediterranean: Hast Indian Seas from
Cape Comorin to the Philippines.
In my Account of the Investigator Deep Sea Brachyura, I have
proposed the following subdivision of the genus Homola :—
1. Homoa. Carapace square-cut, its broadest part being in front,
across the middle of the gastric region: the linea anomurica rather
605
156 Carcinological Fauna of India.
inconspicuous, keeping close ‘to the lateral border. Rostrum a non-
cylindrical bifid tooth, with a smaller spine on either side of its base.
2nd joint of antenna-peduncle having its antero-external angle produced
to form aspine. Palate distinctly delimited from the epistome every-
where except in the middle line. The last pair of legs reach to the end
of the carpus of the preceding pair.
Types H. barbata (Herbst) and H. andamanica, Alcock.
Homotax. Carapace urn-shaped, its greatest breadth being behind,
across the middle of the branchial regions: the linea anomurica conspic-
uous, running well inside the lateral border. Rostrum as in Homola.
2nd joint of antenna-peduncle having its antero-external angle acute,
but not spiniform. Palate as well demarcated from the epistome in the
middle line as it is elsewhere. The last pair of legs reach beyond the
end of the carpus of the preceding pair.
Type H. megalops, Alcock.
Paromota Wood-Mason. ‘“ Carapace decidedly macrurous in form,”
its greatest breadth being behind: the linea anomurica very conspicuous
and well inside the lateral border. Rostrum a simple cylindrical spine
of large size, flanked on either side by a single spine of equal or greater
size. 2nd joint of antenna-peduncle not produced or specially acute at
the antero-external angle. Palate everywhere well demarcated from
the epistome. The last pair of legs not reaching beyond the end of the
merus of the preceding pair.
Tyres H. cuviert, Roux and H. profundorum, Alcock.
Subgenus Homola.
21. Homola andamanica, Alcock.
Homola andamanica, Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 7: and Illus-
trations of the Zoology of the Investigator, Crustacea, pl. xl. fig. 1.
This may, very possibly, prove the same as Homola orientalis
Henderson, though it cannot be quite reconciled with the description,
still less with the figure, of that species.
In any case it is probably only a variety of Homola barbata, with
3 good specimens of which—representing both sexes—it has been
compared. The only differences between it and H. barbata are the
following :—
The eyes are more reniform, The second spine of the lateral
border is just behind the hepatic region. There are spines on the
posterior border of the meropodites of all four pairs of walking legs.
606
Carcinological Fauna of India. 157
Carapace elongate-subquadrilateral,. its greatest breadth is across
the middle of the gastric region, behind which point its sides are quite
straight and vertical: it is well calcified, and, like all other parts except
the antennary flagella, is covered with short soft but stiff hairs that are
not thick set enough to form a coat of concealment.
Rostrum a depressed grooved tooth, bifid at tip. Four spines on
the anterior border of the carapace, namely, one on either side of the
rostrum, one at either supra-orbital angle.
Lateral borders of dorsum of carapace straight, very slightly con-
vergent, spinate; the first spine, which stands alone on the hepatic
region, is of pre-eminent size, the second though much smaller than the
first is much larger than any of the others.
Gastric region very well demarcated, armed with nine large spines
—three in a triangle on either median area, one on either lateral area,
and one on the hinder part of the central area.
Some spines on the subocular, subhepatic, and pterygostomian
regions—largest on the subocular region, where they are definitely
arranged in two crescentic rows. ‘I'wo spines, one beside the other, on
the carapace outside the antenna-peduncle, in addition to the spinuliform
suborbital angle.
Eyes somewhat reniform.
Chelipeds slender, but distinctly stouter than the legs, more hairy
than the carapace, especially, along the edges.of the joints. Upper and
lower borders of arm spiny; wrist with rows of spines on the outer
surface and a spine or two at the innerangle; lower border of hand
spiny, upper border of hand denticulate, cutting edges of fingers sharp,
entire,
Legs compressed, their edges plumed. with short bristles, with long
bristles interspersed, The second and third pair, which are a. dactyl-
length longer than the first, are not quite 23 times the length of the
carapace: in all three pairs both edges of the merus are armed with
stout spines—at least in the distal half, and the posterior border of the
propus and dactylus with compressed articulated spines which are
distant and acicular on the propus but stout very regular and close-set
on the dactylus.
The subcheliform fourth pair of legs reach very slightly beyond
the end of the carpus of the preceding pair: the merus has 3 or 4 spines
on the lower border and a terminal spine on the upper border, the claw-
like dactylus closes against a bunch of spines on the near end of the
propus.
In the Indian Museum area male and female from the Andaman
Sea, 79-90 fathoms; the carapace of the female is about 27 millim.
long, and about 21 millim. wide.
607
158 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Subgenus Homolaz.
22. Homola megalops, Alcock.
Homola megalops, Alcock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., May 1894, p. 408: Illustrations
of the Zoology of the R. I. M. 8S. ‘Investigator,’ Crustacea pl. xiv. figs. 1, la:
Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 9.
Carapace urn-shaped, its greatest breadth is across the middle of
the branchial region; its sides, and still more the spinulate lateral
borders of its dorsum, are elegantly curved; the hairs that cover it are
so inconspicuous as to be recognizable only with a lens.
Rostrum a depressed grooved tooth, entire, or emarginate at tip.
Four spines on the anterior border of the carapace arranged as in H.
barbata.
The only enlarged spine of the lateral border stands alone on the
hepatic region.
Nine spines on the gastric region—two immediately behind the
spines at the base of the rostrum, the other seven in an open S-shaped
eurve across the middle of the region.
A single row of spines on the subocular region, which region is re-
markably hollowed for the reception of the retracted eye. Two spines,
one above the other, on the carapace beside the antenna-peduncle, in
addition to the bluntly-dentiform suborbital angle.
Eyes reniform, very large, their major diameter being one-sixth the
breadth of the carapace.
Chelipeds slender, their arms and wrists distinctly slenderer than
the meropodites of the legs: in the adult male they do not reach half-
way along the merus of the first pair of legs: they are covered with a
short inconspicuous velvet, with hardly any long bristles on the edges
of the joints: they are armed much as in H. barbata, but the upper
border of the hand is spiny and the lower border faintly denticulate.
The fingers, which have a sharp entire cutting-edge, are as long as the
rest of the hand.
The legs have the surface—especially the dorsal surface—of most
of the joints covered with a close short velvet, but have few or no
bristles along their edges. The 2ud and 3rd pair, which are nearly a
dactylus longer than the first, are nearly three times as long as the cara-
pace : the subcheliform 4th pair reach beyond the end of the carpus of the
preceding pair. The first three pair have the anterior edge of their
greatly compressed meropodite closely spinate, and the posterior edges
of that joint and the ischium closely spinulate; their last three joints
have the edges smooth, except for a few small jointed spinules at the
base of the posterior border of the dactylus. The last pair of legs have
608 ;
Carcinological Fauna of India. 159
the posterior edge of their subcylindrical meropodite closely spinate
and have only a single terminal spine on the upper edge, the carpus has
a strong terminal spine on its posterior border, and the propus has a
salient group of spines behind the middle of its posterior border forming
a subcheliform stump for the serrated posterior edge of the claw-like
dactylus.
Colour in life salmon-pink.
Andaman Sea, 188-220 fathoms, a male and a female; 370-419
fathoms, 3 males and 3 females. Bay of Bengal, off Coromandel Coast,
145-250 fathoms, a male and a female. Gulf of Manar, off Colombo,
142-400 fathoms, 2 young males. .
Dimensions of carapace of a full-grown specimen 41 millim. long,
36 millim. broad.
The gills are fourteen in number on either side, arranged as in
Homola barbata, exclusive of a quite rudimentary posterior arthrobranch
to the penultimate pair of legs.
Subgenus Paromola.
23. Homola profundoruwm, Alcock and Anderson.
Homola profundorum, Alcock and Anderson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1899,
p. 5: Alcock, Investigator Degp-Sea Brachyura, p. 10, pl. i. fig. 2.
Carapace very decidedly macruriform, deep, ovoid-triangular,
broadest abaft the middle of the branchial region, tapering to an acutely-
spiniform rostrum of which the length is about a third that of the rest
of the carapace. Diverging from either side of the base of the rostrum
is a spine of similar form and size. The only other elevations on the
carapace are a hepatic spine just behind the hollow for the retracted
eye, an antennal spine just outside the antennal base, and a blunt
denticle near the middle of the ill-defined lateral border.
The gastric region is well delimited, and the linea anomurica is
broad conspicuous and dorsal.
The stout cylindrical terminal joint of the eye-stalks is longer than
the slender basal joint, the eyes are of good size, well pigmented, and
hemispherical.
The chelipeds are slender but are stouter than the legs; the arm
has the outer lower border spinate and, on the upper border, a few
spinules and a strong terminal spine; both the inner and the outer
angles of the wrist are armed with a strong spine, the fingers are much
shorter than the hand and have the cutting-edge entire.
The legs are slender and subcylindrical, the 2nd and 3rd pair,
which are slightly longer than the first, are at least three times the
length of the carapace. In the first 3 pair there are a few distant
609
160 Curcinological, Fauna of India.
spines and a strong terminal spine on the anterior border of the merus,
a few articulating spinules at the far end of the posterior border of the
propodite, and a comb of articulating spines along the posterior border
of the dactylus—the last joint being but half the length of the last but
one. The dorsal fourth pair of legs are far slenderer than the others
and do not reach the end of the merus of the preceding pair: their
propodite is triangular, owing to the expansion of its posterior border,
and opposes a sharply-serrated edge to the less strongly toothed poster-
ior border of the short dactylus—the parts being cheliform rather than
subcheliform.
The body and appendages are coated with very short distant
bristles which do not conceal the surface: there are some longer and
thicker bristles along the edges of the chelipeds, and a very few scat-
tered hairs along the edges of the legs.
Three young females from off the Travancore coast, 430 fathoms.
The carapace of these is about 13 millim. long, and about 9 millim.
in greatest breadth.
ParomoLopsis, Wood-Mason.
Paromolopsis boasi, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist., March, 1891, p. 268,
Paromolopsis, Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 11.
Resembles Homola but differs in the following important part-
iculars :—
The carapace is “more brachyurous:” it is urn-shaped and de-
pressed, its sides being far from vertical and being overhung by the
sharply defined lateral borders. The hepatic region is elongate and
advanced, so that the hepatic spine is on a level with the spines of the
anterior border, and helps to form a very decided false-orbit, The
buccal cavern is scarcely broader in front than behind.
In other respects it agrees with Homola and more particularly with
the subgenus Homolaz.
The branchial formula is the same as that of Homola.
’
24, Paromolopsis boasi, Wood-Mason.
Paromolopsis boasi, Wood-Mason, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p, 268 and
fig. 5: Alcock, Investigator Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 11.
Every exposed surface of the body and appendages, excepting only
the flagella of the antenne, is covered with an even, velvet-like,
tomentum.
Carapace ending in a short, triangular rostrum with an upturned
tip, its greatest breadth, which is across the middle of the branchial
regions, is equal to its length without the rostrum. Unlike the species
610
Carcinological Fauna of India. 161
of Homola, the lateral border is well-defined throughout, is carinated,
is co-extensive with the length of the carapace, and ends in a large
triangular hepatic spine the tip of which is on a level with the tips of
the spines of the anterior border: these are four in number, one on
either side of the rostrum and one at either outer orbital angle.
There is an antennal spine and spinule, there are some definitely-
placed nodular swellings on the well defined gastric region, and the
surface of the denuded carapace is granular, but there are no spines
other than those mentioned.
The swollen terminal joint of the eyestalk is rather longer than
the slender basal joint: eyes of good size, well pigmented, hemispheric-
al, retractile into a very decided hollow in the front wall of the
hepatic region.
The 2nd joint of the antenna-peduncle is not produced or acute at
the antero-external angle; the antennal flagellum is much longer than
the carapace.
Chelipeds (in the adult female and young male) short, just
reaching beyond the end of the carpus of the first pair of legs: the arm
is slenderer than the corresponding joint of the first three pair of legs:
the fingers are longer than the hands: none of the joints are spinate.
The second and third legs, which are longer than the first by their
dactylus, and longer than the fourth by their merus and dactylus, are
3 times the length of the carapace. In the first three pair of legs the
anterior border of the meropodite is armed with large spines, but the
other joints are unarmed : the dactylus is slender, curved, and of great
length, being hardly shorter than the preceding joint.
In the subcheliform, dorsal, fourth pair the anterior border of the
merus ends in a spine and the posterior border of the merus is spiny
throughout, the propus is much dilated and toothed at its basal angle
posteriorly, so as to be J-shaped and has one or two spines on the un-
dilated portion of its posterior border, and the dactylus is short and is
toothed along the posterior border.
The abdomen of the male consists of seven segments.
The carapace of an adult female is 45 millim. long and 43'5 millim.
broad. '
The colours in life vary from red to bluish-pink.
In the Indian Museum are a largefemale and three young females from
off the Andamans, 480-500 fathoms, 498 fathoms and 561 fathoms; a young
male, a large adult female and four young females from off the Travan-
core coast, 406 and 430 fathoms; a large female with eggs from off the
Laccadives, 360 fathoms; and a young female from off Colombo, 597
fathoms.
611
162 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Hyesopurys, Wood-Mason.
Hypsophrys swperciliosa, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March, 1891,
. 269.
ji Hypsophrys, Alcock, Investigator Deep Sea Brachyura, p. 12.
Carapace deep, longer than broad, quadrilateral or ovate-oblong,
with deep vertical parallel sides, the gastric region well delimited and
occupying its anterior half, the linea anomurica dorsal, distinct or
indistinct.
Front narrow, forming a simple or bifid rostrum which has a spine
on either side of its base.
~ The orbits do not afford any concealment to the eyes, but form, on
either side of the rostrum, a broad concave facet sharply marked off
from the rest of the carapace by a ridge that arches round dorsally
from the rostrum to the antennal spine: at the upper and inner angle
of this facet is a well defined hollow that catches the knee of the 2nd
and 3rd joints of the antennulary pedencle when fixed. The eyes are
well formed: the terminal joint of the eyestalk is barrel-shaped much
as in Homola, but the slender basal joint is short or obsolescent, so that
the eyes do not appreciably project beyond the edge of the orbital facet.
The antennules and antenne are identical with those of Homola.
The mouth-parts also are very like those of Homola, but as the
outer border of the merus of the external maxillipeds is hardly at all
expanded these appendages are even more pediform than in Homola.
Chelipeds slender, spiny, equal. Legs of the first three pair long,
with broad compressed meropodites. Fourth pair of legs short, very
slender, cheliform, their dactylus, which is many times shorter than
their propus, shutting down against and co-terminous with the slightly
expanded distal end of the propus.
The abdomen of both sexes consists of seven separate segments.
In general form Hypsophrys resembles Homola barbata, but it differs
from Homola in the following particulars :—
1. The eyestalks are like those of Dromia, the long slender basal
joint of Homola being reduced to next to nothing.
2, Though there are no true orbits there are distinct orbital
facets, and the homologies of these with the orbits of Dromia—in
respect both of conformation and of common use for eyes and anten-
nules—are unmistakeable.
3. The external maxillipeds are unequivocally pediform, the
merus being hardly broader than the ischium.
4. The fourth (last) pair of legs have the subchele or chelw quite
different in form: the propodite is long and is slightly expanded at its
distal end, and the dactylus is a minute joint, ever so much smaller
612
Carcinological Fauna of India. 163
than the propodite, that shuts down against the distal border of the
latter like the blade of a knife.
The branchial formula of Hypsophrys is exactly the same as that
of Homola.
25. Hypsophrys swperciliosa, Wood-Mason.
Hypsophrys swperciliosa, Wood-Mason, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., March 1891, p. 269:
Illustrations of the Zoology of the “ Investigator,” Crust. pl. xiv. figs. 4, 4a, 1895 :
Alcock, Investigator Deep Sea Brachyura, p. 14.
Rostrum simply pointed. Linea anomurica rather indistinct.
Four small spines or teeth on the anterior (orbital) border of the
carapace, two being far apart at the base of the rostrum and one at
either outer orbital angle. Two, or all four, of these teeth may be
obsolescent or obsolete.
Lateral borders of dorsum of carapace not defined, except by a
single isolated spine on the hepatic region. Gastric region sharply
subdivided into three subregions, of which the lateral are somewhat
nodular. Two or three spines on the subhepatic and suborbital
region, the innermost of which is “ antennal,” also sometimes a few
spinules,
Eyes well formed and facetted, but pale. Antennal flagella about
half again as long as the carapace.
The pediform external maxillipeds have their surfaces and edges
devoid of spines.
Chelipeds slender, but much more massive than the legs, about
half a hand-length shorter than the first pair of legs in the adult male :
spines and spinules in rows on edges and on both inner and outer sur-
faces of arms, wrists and hands: fingers about three-fourths the length
of the palm.
The second pair of legs, which are slightly longer than the first
and third and considerably more than twice the length of the fourth,
are slightly more than three times the length of the carapace.
In the first three pair the meropodites are compressed, with the
anterior border spiny and the posterior border much less strongly and
profusely spiny ; the other joints are slender and unarmed, except for
a few articulating spinelets at the far end of the posterior border of the
propodite and in the basal half of the posterior border of the dactylus ;
the dactylus is slightly shorter than the propodite.
The fourth (dorsal) pair are very slender and are unarmed except
at their cheliform ending: their propodite is many times longer than
the dactylus.
The terminal joint of the male abdomen is bluntly triangular.
613
164 Carcinological Fauna of India.
There are some soft bristles on the chelipeds, and a few on the
legs, and some very short and inconspicuous hairs on the carapace.
Colours in life, pink.
The carapace of a large egg-laden female is 19 millim. long and
15 millim. broad.
This species has frequently been taken in the Laccadive Sea and
in the sea to the north of the Laccadives at depths ranging, from 740 to
931 fathoms, on soft bottoms.
In the Indian Museum are more than 30 specimens representing
both sexes, both adult and in young stages.
26. Hypsophrys longipes, Alcock and Anderson.
Hypsophrys longipes, Alcock and Anderson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1899,
p. 6: Alcock, Investigator, Deep-Sea Brachyura, p. 15, pl. i. fig. 1.
Rostrum deeply bifid. Linea anomurica distinct.
Four large spines on the anterior border of the carapace—two close
together at the base of the rostrum, one at either orbital angle.
Lateral borders of dorsum of carapace well defined, spinulate; the
ridge on the side-wall of the carapace that defines the branchial regions
anteriorly is also spinulate. A row of spines on the hepatic region, the
largest of which is on the lateral border of the carapace and has a spine
dorsad of it.
Gastric region obscurely subdivided, each lateral subregion is armed
with 5 or 6 large spines, while on the median region there is a central
spine sometimes followed by a row of spinules. Subhepatic and sub-
orbital region with numerous large spines, one of which is “‘ antennal.”
Eyes well pigmented. Antennal flagella more than twice the
length of the carapace.
Rows of spinules on the exposed surface of the ischium merus and
exognath of the external maxillipeds, and a row on the basal joint of
the antennules.
Chelipeds slender, reaching not far beyond the end of the carpus of
the first pair of legs, the arm and wrist not stouter than the meropod-
ites of the first 3 pair of legs; spinate and spinulate as in the Breeds
ing species ; fingers as long as the hand.
The second and third pair of legs, which are slightly longer than
the first and three times as long as the fourth, are four times the length
of the carapace. In the first three pair of legs the merus is compressed
and has its anterior border spinate and its posterior borders spinulate,
the posterior border of the propodite carries a few distant articulating
spinelets, and the dactylus—which is about two-thirds the length of the
614
Carcinological Fauna of India. 165
preceding joint—has a close comb of articulating spines along its
posterior border.
The fourth (dorsal) pair, which are extremely slender, have the
posterior border of the merus strongly spinate: the propodite is several
times longer than the minute dactylus.
The terminal joint of the male abdomen ends acutely.
Hairs and bristles are sparsely present just as in the preceding
species.
The carapace of a large egg-laden female is 38 millim. long and
30 millim. broad.
In the Indian Museum are eleven specimens, representing adults and
young of both sexes, dredged off the coast of Travancore at 430 fathoms,
on a bottom which, though muddy, was abundantly covered with coral.
Family II. LATREILLIDA.
Key to the genera of the Family Latreillide.
1, Carapace subquadrilateral. Antenna long. All seven
abdominal segments distinct in both sexes ... ... LATREILLOPSIS.
II. Carapace piriform, its anterior portion forming a long
subcylindrical “neck.” Antenna short. The 4th, 5th,
_ and 6th, abdominal segments of the female are fused
together ... Ate St tae .. LATREILLIA.
LaTREILLopsis, Henderson.
Latreillopsis, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 21: Ortmann in Bronn’s
Thier-Reich, v. ii. Arthropoda, p. 1156.
Carapace subquadrilateral, deepish, with vertical side-walls, not
entirely concealing the basal joints of the legs: the regions fairly well
indicated. Front of moderate width, ending in a spiniform rostrum on
either side of which is a long slender divergent “ supra-ocular”’ spine.
Linea anomurica present, most distinct posteriorly.
Eyes as in Latreillia, large and borne free at the end of slender
eyestalks of remarkable length. Antenne long, freely movable from
their base; the peduncle slender, cylindrical, and consisting of four
joints, as usual,
Epistome well demarcated from the palate. Buccal cavern much
broader in front than behind, the efferent branchial channels very well
defined. Though the external maxillipeds do not quite meet across
the buccal cavern they are distinctly operculiform, owing to the expan-
sion of their merus.
Chelipeds long and slender but much shorter than the first 3 pairs
of legs: their joints, like those of the legs, are cylindrical, and the
palm in the male is enlarged and club-shaped.
615
166 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Legs slender, the first 3 pairs very long; the fourth pair reduced
in length, and subchelate.
The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 separate segments.
The branchial formula is exactly the same as that of Laéreillia pen-
nifera, and is as follows :—
Somites and Pod Arthrobranchiz.
heie odo- fe iE: Bs Pleuro-
appendages. ene, Anterior, Posterior. pepe,
Vil. xo Won | 0 0) = ep
VIII. Mee Ops ces: KO 0) 0) = 1+ ep
HBXGs eee OE Ds. ara a 1 0 2+ ep
m: 0 1 1 0 = 2
mal. (0) 0 0 1 = 1
XII. 0 0 0 1 = 1
XG (a) 0 0 1 = 1
XIV. 0 0 0 0 = 0)
1 2 2 3 = 8+3 ep.
Distribution : Oriental Seas (Andaman S. and Philippine S.).
27. Latreillopsis bispinosa, Henderson.
Latreillopsis bispinosa, Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 22, pl. ii. fig. 3. f.
Carapace longer than broad, shaped much as in Homola: frontal
region with three sharp slender spines, the middle one—which is the
shortest and is slightly deflexed—being the rostrum, the other two—
which are about a third the length of the carapace and are slightly up-
tilted—being placed above the bases of the eye-stalks.
Gastric region tumid, with a tubercle posteriorly and a curved
transverse row of tiny tubercles anteriorly. Cardiac region small,
tumid, culminating in two tubercles placed side by side or confluent.
Branchial regions with an irregular surface, and with one or two tiny
spinules on the side wall.
Hepatic regions standing out like a pair of little wings, with two
spines—the foremost of which is nearly as long as the rostruam—pro-
jecting obliquely forwards from their prominent outer angle, and with
one or two small spinules on their under surface.
Hyestalks nearly as long as the supra-ocular spines. Antennal
peduncle about as long as the eyes and eye-stalks combined, the
flagellum more than three-fourths the length of the carapace.
Chelipeds and legs slender, cylindrical, practically smooth, except
for a spine at the far end of the anterior (extensor) border of the merus.
The chelipeds in the male are just over twice, in the female less
than twice, the length of the carapace without the rostrum. In the
616
Careinological Fauna of India. 167
female they are hardly stouter than the legs; but in the male they
are distinctly stouter, especially as regards the palm, which is club-
shaped: the palm is much longer than the fingers.
The first three pairs of legs increase in length, gradually but
slightly, from before backwards, the 3rd pair being between 4 and 43
times the length of the carapace: the dactyli are long and curved.
The fourth pair of legs are a little longer than the male chelipeds:
their last two joints are short, and the dactylus folds down, like a knife-
blade, on a*double row of spines along the posterior border of the
propodite.
In both sexes the last abdominal tergum is shaped like a spear-
head, and the 2nd 3rd 4th and 6th terga have an acute tubercle in the
middle line.
The carapace of an egg-laden female is 8 millim. long, the same
length as that of an apparently adult male.
Colours in spirit yellow, the fingers and eyes dark brown.
In the Indian Museum are two males and a female from the Anda-
man Sea, 53 fathoms (not the same station as that where Latreillia was
dredged).
Distribution : off the Andamans and off the Philippines.
Larreinia, Roux.
Latreillia, Roux, Crust. Medit. pl. xxii. and text: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat.
Crust. I. p. 277: DeHaan, Faun. Japon., Crust., p. 105: Heller, Crust. Sudl. Europ.
p. 146: Henderson, Challenger Anomura, p. 23: A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier,
Crust. Decap. Hirondelle, Brach. et Anom, (Monaco 1894) p. 59: Bouvier, Bull. Soc.
Philom. 1896, p. 64: Ortmann in Bronn’s Thier-Reich, V. ii., Arthropoda, p. 1156.
Carapace elongate-piriform, not covering the basal joints of the
legs, its anterior part prolonged to form a subcylindrical “neck” at the
end of which are the spiniform rostrum, lying deflexed between two
long slender divergent “ supra-ocular” spines, the eyes, the antennules,
and the antennz. The regions are fairly well indicated, and there is
no linea anomurica.
Hyes much as in Homola, large and borne free at the end of very
long and slender basal stalks. Antenne short, of filiform slenderness,
freely movable from their base.
Kpistome of great length fore and aft, corresponding with the
“neck” of the carapace. Buccal cavern well demarcated from the
epistome, the efferent branchial channels well defined. External
maxillipeds not completely closing the buccal orifice: they have a
pediform cast, the ischium and merus being rather narrow and the
flagellum coarse.
617
168 Carcinological Fauna of India.
Chelipeds long and slender, but always much shorter than the first
three pairs of legs: all the joints are slender, except the palm, which in
one or both sexes is club-shaped. Fingers shorter than the palm.
First three pair of legs very long and slender; some of their joints
are spiny.
Fourth pair of legs more or less reduced in length, subdorsal in
position.
The abdomen of the male consists of seven separate segments; that
of the female consists of five segments—the 4th 5th and 6th being fused
together.
The branchial formula given by Bouvier for Latreillia elegans, and
verified by myself for Latreillia pennifera, is as follows :—
Somites and Pade: Arthrobranchiz.
hei : _ Pleuro-
falter Ms SEL Antone Posterior. ee Te
VIL. .. O ep. 0 oe 0 0 = O ep.
VIII. w. L+ep. 0 0 0 = l+ep.
IX. so. O-+ep. 1 1 0 = 2+ep.
X. 0 1 ui 0 = 2
Xl. 0 0 0) 1 = 1
XII. 0 0 0 1 = 1
XIII. 0 0 0 1 = 1
XIV. 0 0 0) 0 = 0
1+3 ep. 2 2 3 = 8+3ep.
Distribution: Atlantic coasts of North America between 38° and
40° N.: off the Canaries and Azores: Mediterranean Sea: Bay of
Bengal and Andaman Sea: Japanese Seas: New South Wales coast.
28. Latreillia pennifera, n. sp.
Very closely related to L. elegans, Roux.
‘Carapace smooth, without spines, though the hepatic regions have
a strong bulge: the “ neck” is rather slender (equally so in both sexes)
and is nearly as long as the rest of the carapace measured in the middle
line.
Rostral spine short, acute, strongly deflexed. Supraocular spines
as long as the eyestalks, about half the total length of the carapace
(‘neck ” included) measured in the middle line; occasionally bearing
some tiny secondary spinules.
Antennules slightly longer than the eyestalks: the outer flagellum
longer and very much coarser than the inner.
The chelipeds, which are slightly longer in the male than in the
female, are between 33 and 4 times the total length of the carapace :
618
Carcinological Fauna of India. 169
their joints are long, slender, and cylindrical, except the palm of the
male, which is club-shaped : there are a few spines on the arm, but the
other joints are smooth: the fingers are not half the length of the
hand (palm).
The first 3 pair of legs, though they increase slightly in length
from before backwards, are not very dissimilar in length, the first
pair being nearly 8 times the total length of the carapace. All their
joints are slender: the merus is spinate, the carpus sparsely spinate,
and the propodite is slightly dilated at the far end of the posterior
border where there are a few spines.
The last pair of legs are between 43 and 5 times the total length
of the carapace and reach almost to—in the female even beyond—the
end of the carpus of the last pair but one: the merus is rather sparsely
spinate, chiefly on the posterior border, and the propodite is plumed on
both sides so as to exactly resemble the vane of a feather: the dactylus
is extremely short.
In both sexes the last abdominal segment is shaped like a spear-
head: in the female the 2nd and 3rd abdominal terga have a median
spine and the 4th has a spine at the proximal end of either lateral
border,
Colours in spirit yellow. In life the carapace is reddish with
longitudinal stripes of dark red, the eyestalks chelipeds and legs are
closely cross-banded with red, and the eyes are purplish black.
The carapace of an adult female, with eggs, is 11 millim. long.
14 specimens from the Gulf of Martaban 53 and 67 fms., and from
off the northern end of Ceylon, 28 fathoms.
619
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