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New York State Education Department

i F. TIN' 343

New York State Museum

Jonx M. O-AkKK Director

M 1'nuTKu l;Ki,i State Entomologist

Bulletin 86
ENTOMOLOGY 23

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

THIRD REPORT ON AQUATIC INSECTS

A study conducted at the entomologic tieid station, Ithaca N. V. under the- direction I
EPHRAIM PORTER FELT D.Sc.

JAMES G. NEEDHAM Ph.D. Professor of biology, Lake Forest College

KHXXETH J. MORTON F.E.S.L. Edinburgh, Scotland

O. A. JOHAXXSEX .M.S. Instructor in civil engineering, Cornell University

Preface 4

Introduction -

Summer Food of the Bullfrog at

Saranac Inn. J. G. NEKIHIAM 9

Ephemeridae. J. G. NEEDHAM .. 17
Xorth American Hydroptilidae.

K. J. MORTON 63

Aquatic Nematocerous Dipi

II. O. A. JOHAXXSKN 76

Explanation to the plait > 316

Legenda to text figure.--

Plates 1-37 fj

Index .

Me ii4:n-s , ..

ALBANY

NKVV YORK STATI-: EDUCATION I >I-:i'AKTM I \ I

1905

Price 80 cents

S! \ll-i T XIAV Vi iKK
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Regents of the University
\Vitli yours wlicn t< rm< c\|nrc

\\"IIITKI.A\\ l\i:iD M.A. LI.. I). Chancellor \Y\v York
1906 ST CLAIR MCKELWAY M.A. I..II.D. LL.D. D.C.L'.

Vice Chancellor Brooklyn

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i9O<) EOGENE \. I'IIII.I'.IN LL.Ii. LL.D. New York

[916 LUCIAN L. SHEDDEN LL.B.

Commissioner of Education

ANDREW S. DKAI-KK LL.D.

Assistant Commissioners

IIn\v\Ki) J. I\(M;KKS M.A. LL.D. l:irst .I

|-'.I>\\AK.M J. i, MiDwix Lit.D. Second .Issistanf C<>»unissioncr

An;rsTCS S. DOWNING M.A. Third .-Issistunt Commissioner

Secretary to the Commissioner

I IARI.AX II. HOKNKR B.A.

Director of Libraries and Home Education

MKIA ii. 1 )KWKV LL.D.

Director of Science and State Museum

JOHN M. CI.ARKF. LL.D.

Chiefs of Divisions

Accounts. WILLIAM MASOX
Attt-ndance, JAMKS D. SULLIXAX
Examinatinns, CHAF^LES F. \\"IIEKLOCK B.S.
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Law, THOMAS E. FINEGAX M.A.
Records, CHARLES E. FITCH L.H.D.
Statistics, HIRAM C. CASE

State Museum, Albany N. Y. Oct. 17, 1904
Hon. Andrew S. Draper

Commissioner of Education, Capitol

SIR : I beg to transmit herewith, for publication as a bulletin
of this division, a third report on aquatic insects, entitled May
Flics and Midycs of Neio York by Dr J. G. Needham, Special
Assistant to the State Entomologist.

Very respectfully

JOHN M. CLARKE

Director
State of Nciv York

Education Department
( 'i>\( M ISSIDNKU'S ROOM

Approved for publication Oct. 24, 1904

Commissioner of Education

PREFACE

This, the third report upon work begun in 1900, like its
predecessors, murks an important advance in knowledge. The
first report, State Museum Bulletin 47, consisting of 230 pages
and 36 plates, gave the life histories of about one hundred aquatic
forms and characleri/ed im species and two new genera. The
most important portion of this work was the monographic ac-
count of the larger dragon (lies (O d o n a t a A n i s o p t e r a I .
There were also valuable additions to our knowledge of the stone
flies (P leco p I e r a) and (lie May Hies (E p h e m e r i d a e),
and the admirable account of the Caddis flies (T r i c h o p t e r a) ,
by Mr Betten, deserves special mention because of its careful bio-
logic treat men i of a heretofore much neglected group. The
second report, Stale Museum Bulletin G8, comprised 419 pages
and 52 plates and was a continuation of the preceding. The
monograph of the Odonata is completed by an exhaustive
account of the smaller dragon flies (Zygoptera). Among
the important contributions may be mentioned: The key to
Coleopterous larvae with an account of some aquatic
C h ry s o m el i d a e by Dr Mac( iillivray, the discussion of cer-
tain aquatic nematocerous Diptera by Dr Johanusen, and a
monograph on the S i a 1 i d i d a e of the Western Hemisphere.
The present report is a continuation of the work, and among its
valuable features should be noted the monographic account of
our May flies, a group of great importance as food for fish. The
small midges, belonging to the C h i r o n o m i d a e, are very
important as fish-food and have been treated exhaustively by Mr
Johannsen. These three publications mark a most decided ad-
vance in our knowledge of aquatic forms and, with the publica-
tion of the monograph on stone flies now in preparation, a large
fund of information will be availa.ble for the student of aquatic
forms.

This study, as was pointed out in the introduction to the first
report, has been made upon broad lines with the avowed purpose
of producing something of value to the fish culturist, who must
first of all be able to identify aquatic forms, something well-nigh

MAY FI.IKS AMI .MllKiKS OK NKW YORK •'

impossible, before these reports were made public. The investi-
gations of Dr S. A. Korbes of Illinois convinced him that nearly
o lie-fifth of the entire amount' of food consumed by all adult lishes
examined by him consisted of aquatic neuropteroid larvae, the
greater part of them being the \oung °f M:'.v Hi('s- '' II1:I.V never
be possible to rear aquatic insects for the purpose of feeding lish.
but it certainly is feasible in some instances to provide conditions
adapted to multiplication of aquatic insects, and therefore valu-
able as feeding grounds for lish. The history of the shellfish in-
dustry gives a little idea of the possibilities along this line. A
number of years ago it was at a very low ebb, owing to unscien-
tific methods in vogue and the lack of individual control. This
has been changed and we now have a thriving industry producing
over two million dollars i siVJOO.T^S) worth of products, accord-
ing to the report of the United States Fish Commission for 1900.
It is exceedingly difficult to obtain figures relating to the value of
our fresh-water fishes, but a compilation from the report of the
United States Fish Commission for the year 11)00 gives the total
value of fresh-water fish in the Hudson river valley and Long
Island at over one million dollars (fl. 192,544), and the report
for 1901 places the value of fresh-water tish obtained in the State
from the Great Lakes at nearly one-fourth a million (I241.91C.I.
These figures, it will be observed, give no idea of the value of
fresh-water fish taken in various lakes and streams throughout
the State, aside from the areas mentioned a.bove. Comparing the
water areas available for shellfish culture and those suitable for
the development of fresh-water lish, it will be seen that there is a
considerable discrepancy in favor of the latter and yet the value
of the product is much smaller. It is slated that a large propor-
tion of the market fish of China are grown in ponds, and that
carp culture is an important industry not only in China but in
Cermany. and that formerly carp were extensively reared in Fug
land. Germany and Sweden, and lately France, have also done
considerable along this line.

It is hardly likely that this country will adopt Chinese methods,
because the great' ditference in the price of labor makes i: imprac-
ticable; still the proper knowledge of the conditions suitable

0 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

for the growth and multiplication of fish may put it within the
power of mam to imike substantial additions to the productivity
of areas under control, without great increase in the cost of man-
agement. These investigations have been conducted primarily to
ascertain the relations existing between fish and insects they feed
upon, and the conditions necessary for the development of large
amounts of fish-food. Much of the preliminary work has been
accomplished. :in.l the data already obtained should prove of great
service to parlies interested in fish culture, especially in making
heretofore barren waters productive.

E. P. FELT

State Entomologist

New York State Education Department

New York State Museum

JOHN M. CLARKE Director

Bulletin 86
ENTOMOLOGY 23

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

I. INTRODUCTION.

-BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM

This bulletin includes further results of the study of material
gathered under the auspices of the New York entomologic field
station, and is therefore complementary to bulletins 47 and 68
of this same series. Bulletin 47 contains the more general re-
sults of the first field season spent at Saranac Inn, introductory
keys to aquatic insect larvae, numerous life histories, and a de-
tailed report of the dragonflies (O d o n a t a-A nisoptera)
of New York State. Bulletin 68 contains the main results of
the second field season spent at Ithaca, further life histories,
detailed reports on the damselflies (Odonata-Zygoptera)
of the state, on aquatic plant-beetles (C h r y s o m e 1 i d a e), on
certain families of nematocerous diptera, and on American
Sialididae; also, an account of the food of the brook trout
in Bone pond.

This bulletin contains the work of three collaborators who
have labored apart on the remaining material gathered for the
station. Mr O. A. Johannsen furnishes the major part, in the
form of a completed review of the C h i r o n o m i d a e . Not-
wiihstanding that these little gnats are enormously abundant
everywhere and are of first importance among insects all'eciing
fish culture, this is the first American monograph we have had
dealing with the family to which Ihey belong. It is a generic
ircahnent of the world fauna, iogeiher with delailc-d descriptions
and life histories (mostly new) of our known species. It is a

8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

work of first importance, and will doubtless serve as a basis for
future studies m this long-neglected family.

Mr K. J. Morton of Edinburgh contributes a paper on the
micro-caddisflies of the family Hydro ptilidae of T r i -
clioptera, which is practically the beginning of the stud}7 of
this group in America.

My own part in this bulletin is a second contribution to the
knowledge of our may-Hies. Because of the great economic im-
portance of this group also, I have thought it worth while to
attempt to provide American students with a better introduc-
tion to the study of the group 1han has hitherto been generally
available. Hence, in addition to new life histories, I have pre-
pared new generic keys to both nymphs and adults, which, with
the detailed explanations and figures, should enable even a
novice to take up the study of this neglected group with some
hope of success.

I have also prepared a brief report on the summer food of the
bullfrog (K a n a c a t e s b i a n a Shaw) at Sarauac Inn, and in
the discussion of that food have included a number of ecological
and systematic notes, among which is a new key to our genera of
H e m e r o b i i d a e .

I planned also to include herein a report on the stoneflies
(Perl id a e) and did much work to that end: but the station
collections are large, and much material has come to me from
friends outside, and my manuscript has grown until it now
si ems better not to include it herein, but to make a separate
bulletin of it. I am therefore continuing the work with the
purpose of making the next station bulletin a monograph of
Xorth American Perlidae. T should be greatly obliged if
American collectors who have even a few specimens would send
me them for study.

In this place I may add a note supplementary to bulletin 68.
The " unknown tipulid larva from a spring " described on pp. 285-
286 and figured in pl.10, figs.4-5, is P e d i c i a a 1 b i v i 1 1 a
Walker. Had Beling's third paper on Tipulid larvae
i Yerh. zool.-hot. Ties. Wiel, vol. 3G) been available to me when I
was studying this larvae, I should have been able to determine
it from his keys and description. The " unknown leptid larva
from rapid streams" of p.286 and pl.10, fig.l, is doubtless a

MAY Ft. IKS A\l> Mllx.rs ol' XKW YoUK

species of Atherix, as has been kindly indicated to me in
correspondence by both Professor A. <!iard of Paris and l>r K.
Lauteiborn of Ludwigshafen.

TIIK Sl'.M.MFJi. FOOD OF Till; BULLFK'0<; , i;,\NA GATES
B1AXA SHAW) AT SAKAXAC I XX

OVith plate 1)

P.Y .IA \IKS G. NKKMII A \[

Bullfrogs are common at Saranac Inn. Any warm evening
their sonorous notes may be, heard reverberating through the
tamarack swamps, echoing and reechoing across Little Clear
pond between Green hill and the outlet, or rising with a startling
crescendo near at hand from the shallows of the reedy creek,
setting the thread-rushes trembling, and fretting the face of the
water with infiuitestimal wavelets, striking with wonder and
admiration the ears of the stranger accustomed only to the
vocal powers of the lesser civilized frogs, By day they sit in the
edge of the water, stolidly basking in the sunshine, picking a
straying bee or dragonfly out of the air, or lapping a floating ant
or an emerging caddisfly from the surface of the water, eating
much or little according to the bestowal of 1'rovidence, and when
alarmed by our too close approach, plunging away with a single
dilatory and awkward leap into deeper water. Their tadpoles,
likewise of phenomenal size, are to be seen about the submerged
timbers in Little Clear pond and creek. They are ofteiiesl
observed resting upon the logs in the sunshine. Frequently.
when crossing the bridge over Big Clear creek on the Otisville
road during our first field season, I stopped to watch them sun-
ning themselves on the submerged bridge timbers, and often
dropped pebbles upon them to see them swim away. They \\ould
wriggle and sidle and slide off the timbers, and then with a
motion that appeared most deliberate strike a straight course
obliquely downward far away across the clear deep waters of the
stream, moving slowly forward h\ sculling undulations of the
enormous banner like i.-iil.

During July and August, 1900, I preserved (he food of a number
of adult bullfrogs from Little Clear creek, taking the stomachs of
chance specimens that were killed for food and preserving and

10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cleaning the contents. Most of the specimens were obtained for
me by my friend l)r O. !S. Westcott of Chicago, who was visiting
the station at that time. 1 suggested that he test the efficiency
of a hook and line baited with a little piece of red silk flirted near
the bullfrogs' heads. He reported the capture of every specimen
properly approached; said that bullfrogs are abject idiots; said
that if one is not hooked at his first dash for the dangling cloth,
but gets his mouth snagged, he will go for the bait again and
again as eagerly as at first. It is indeed remarkable how the
predatory reflexes incited by the sight of the dangling red cloth
prevail over the effects of the wounds.

There now remain in the IS'ew York State collection the pre-
served contents of the stomachs of fifteen of these frogs, and I
have studied this material, with the aid of Mr \V. H. Ferguson,
and report on it here. The following table is largely the work
of Mr Ferguson. I have added to it the single record published
in bulletin 47 p.401, making 10 in all.

The traditional account of the manner of the bullfrog's feeding
pictures him sitting immobile on a bank, watching for insects
passing through the air, and, when these approach, capturing
them by flirting out his long, bifurcated, sticky tongue and
striking them. The picture is incomplete. Doubtless he cap-
tures some of the bees and hover flies and others of the fleetest
insects in just this way, but the larger, heavier and slower ones
he endeavors to meet half way. For instance, on the approach of
a big caddisfly or a blackwing damselfly, he becomes greatly ex-
cited, especially after an unsuccessful stroke at it, and leaps and
plunges toward it with tongue and jaws both reaching for it.
Some of the larger of his captives would not be held by the
adhesiveness of his tongue without the immediate assistance of
his jaws. Moreover, the greater part of his food is not obtained
from the air at all, but from plants, from the ground, and from
the water, and doubtless, by more deliberate methods. The cater-
pillars and sawfly larvae of the table were probably picked from
plants ; the beetles and millipedes from the ground ; the water
striders, floating dead insects, soldierfly larvae, gnat pupae, and
transforming caddisflies from the surface of the water;, and the
mayfly nymph, gnat larvae and some of the snails probably from
beneath the water.

MAY FLIES AND !M11«:ES OF NEW YOKK

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12 NEAV YORK STATE MUSEUM

NOTES ON THE FOOD

General. Leaving aside the plant fragments eaten, which were
of considerable number and variety, which were obtained both
from the water and the air (as shown by the presence of filamen-
tous algae and a broken flower cluster in the same stomach), but
which were probably all obtained accidentally along with animal
food, there were present the remains of 164 animals. Of these
the largest number. 1 .'!!), wore insects, 18 were snails, 3 were
Crustacea, 3 were spiders, and 2 were vertebrates. The most im-
portant part of the food is doubtless insects and snails; the
former in great variety, the latter consisting of a single species.
Leaving aside frog no. 16, whose stomach contained only a large

meadow mouse, the other 15 had eaten on an average 9 insects
and 1.2 snails apiece.

Of the insects eaten two were millipedes (apparently J u 1 u s ,
but not in condition to identify with certainty) and the remainder
were hexapods. The ten orders present had the following numer-
ical representation : Diptera, 42; Hymenoptera. 22;
Hemiptera, 19; Coleoptera, 16; Trickoptera,
15 (not including 4 whose presence w;is evidenced only by sand sup-
posed to have been derived from larval cases) ; Odonata, 11,
and a large mass of eggs of Tetragoneuria; Orthop-
t e r a , 6 ; N e u r o p t e r a , 3 : L o p i d o p t e r a . 2 ( larvae) ;
Ephemeridae, 1 (nymph). Of these the six orders first
named were present in fairly equivalent proportions, and these,
with the snail, Physa heterostropha, may be said to
constitute the staple food of the bullfrog in summer at Saranac
Inn. The bulk of the snails eaten was certainly greater than
that of the insects of any single order. The largest animal eaten
was the meadow mouse, and next in size were the two craw-
fishes.

Vertebrates. There were two vertebrates eaten; frog no. 16
had eaten nothing but a short-tailed meadow mouse ( A r v i c o 1 a
pennsylvanicus) of large size ; that was enough to fill his
stomach to its full capacity. How he came by this sumptuous
morsel I am unable to understand unless he found it dead and
floating down the creek. Frog no. 15 had swallowed a yearling
tadpole of his own species.

MAY 1'i.irs AM> MIIX;I:S OK M:\V VOIIK 1-".

Crustaceans. Frogs nos. 7 and 12 had each eaten a crawfish, of
which there remained as evidence only the clicli|ic(ls. These indi-
catcd half grown individuals o!1 (lie genus C a m b a r u s. Frog
no. I." had eaten, probably by accident, a minute ;ind undeicr
mined eopepod.

Hymenoptera. These collections were made during ilie season
of illicit of the winded males and females of the hit;- carpenter :int
i < ' a m ]> o n o t u s pennsylvanicus) remains of Avhich
\\ere found in nine stomachs. Thus this species occurred a
greater number of times than any other. Stranded specimens
were frequently seen floating down the creek, and ilie frogs ma\
as well have obtained them from the surface as from the air.
Worker bumble bees (Bom bus t e r n a r i 11 s Say and 1'..
cons i m i 1 i s Cr.) were found in five stomachs, and these wen-
doubtless obtained alive. The bullfrog would seem to be. like the
brook trout, immune to bee poison. The other hymeiioptera were
bin three; a wasp (Vespa diabolic a Sauss.) in frog no. 12,
a sawfly larva in frog no. 1, and a minute parasitic hymenopler in
frog No. 11.

Coleoptera. Of the 16 specimens of this order eaten 12 were
C a r a b i d a e (11 adults and one larva) . and there were single
adults of S c a r a b a e i d a e , Chrysomelidae, and C u r -
c u 1 i o n i d a e . and a single larva of E 1 a t e r i d a e .

Diptera. This order was represented by the largest number of
individuals, but many of them were very small. Six families were
represented : T i p u 1 5 d a e , C h i r o n o m i d a e . S t r a t i o -
m y i d a e , S y r p h i d a e , T a b a n i d a e , and Tacliinidae.

A single adult Tabanid was eaten, two adult Tachinids,
four adult S y r p h i d s , the better preserved appearing to belong
to (lie genus E r i s t a 1 i s , five adult T i p u 1 i d a e . all belong-
ing to moderate sized species of the genus T i p u 1 a . There was a
single adult C h i r o n o m i d . but there were eleven pupae, ten
of them from frog no. 14, all belonging to the genus C h i r o n o -
m u s and one larva from the same frog belonging to the same
genus and one belonging in Ceratopogon. A sixth family.
S t r a t i o m y i i d a e . was represented by twelve larvae of
S t r a t i o m y i a b a d i u s ? from frog no. 1 . Tn bulletin ^7.
p.57G, I have recorded that I could find but a single specimen

14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of this species duriiig the season. Of the total of 42 Diptera
eaten 27 were larvae and pupae, and these must have been ob-
tained from the water.

Trichoptera. With the single exception of the large N e u -
ronia postic.a eaten by frog no. 3, all the other caddisflies
were teneral iiua.gos, captured probably as they came to the sur-
face in transformation. This was evidenced by the pupal skins
still hanging to many of the specimens. All were in bad con-
dition in consequence, and in determining them I placed chief
reliance on the characters of the pupal skins. I was able to
assure myself that about nine of the specimens belonged to the
genus II a 1 e s u s and another to Hydropsyche. The sand
found in four of the stomachs scnm-d to indicate that larvae in
their cases had been eaten earlier and entirely digested. Larvae
of F o 1 y c e n t r o p u s 1 u c i d u s and Molanna cinerea
are sufficiently available in Little Clear creek. I have shown in
bulletin 68 that the brook trout in Bone pond swallow the larvae
of another species case and all.

Odonata. Drangonflies constituted as large a part of the food
as any other single group of insects. Although the number was
but eleven, the size of the individuals was relatively large, the
adult A e s c h n a and the nymph of A n a x being among the
largest insects eaten. Four adult and apparently fully colored
blackwings, C a 1 o p t e r y x m a c u 1 a t a, two adults of A r g i a
v i o 1 a c e a and single undetermined specimens of L e s t e s,
E n a 1 1 a g m a and JE s c h n a make up the list, together with
a nymph of Anax junius and an undetermined nymph of
the subfamily A.grioninae. The adults, so far as might be
determined, were all females and might have been obtained while
ovipositing. Frog no. 4 had swallowed a considerable mass of
eggs of Tetragoneuria. In bulletin 47, pp.490-492 (with
fig.19) I have given an account of these eggs. The frog probably
found a cluster unusually close in shore.

Hemiptera. The water skaters (Hydrotrechus sp?)
constitute an important and fairly constant element of the food,
16 of the 19 specimens found being of this genus.

Orthoptera, Five grasshoppers were found singly, the one in
condition fit for determination being Melanoplus femo-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 15

r a t u s and one grouse locust. < 'onsidtTiug the abundance of
these about the edges of the creek, I \\assomewhal surprised ilial
more had not been cairn. As many as this ma\ easily have been
jiickcd 1'roin the surface of I he water.

Lepidoptera. Two moth larvae only.

Epliemeridae. A single nymph of S i p U 1 u r u s alter
n a t u s Say was eaten by frog no. 14. It must have been taken
beneath the surface of the water as these nymphs do not come to
the surface, so far as I have observed, except to transform, and
this one was not ready for transformation. I have given an ac-
count of the habits of the nymph of this species in bulletin 47
p.4:M. It was a surprise to me that no adult May flies were eaten.

Neuroptera. Amphibian stomachs offer a new field for collect-
ing representatives of this order, a field in which I have made
some of my best finds, and that in a very little material. I found
S i s y r a u m b r a t a Ndm. first in the stomach of a tree frog,
as recorded in Psyche vol.10, p.29, and these bullfrog stomachs
contained specimens of a new species of Micromus, and of
Climacia dictyona Xdm. and Hemerobius
a m i c u 1 u s Fitch, — single specimens of each.

SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON HEMEROBIIDAE

Micromus jonas sp.nov.

Allied to M . a n g u 1 a t u s , but smaller; expanse 10mm.
Known only from its wings, bur these alone will distinguish it
(pi .3, fig-2). The fore wing is 4.7mm. long and 1'mm. wide, with
front and hind margins nearly parallel in their middle third.
Their color is rich fulvous, Avith darker fuscous oblique streaks
along the line of both the gradate series, and less distinct, more
transverse marmorate lines between, which become arcuate where
they traverse the bases of Ihe apical forks beyond the second
gradate series; hind wings pale fulvous about margins, the disc
transparent, and the veins traversing it very angulate in their
course with crossveins incomplete, (li-adate veins in fore wing;
inner series .~. outer series I .": in hind wing; inner series. .", I. outer
series 3-4. Saranac Inn, N. Y. Taken from bullfrog stomach
(no.9 of table) in July, 1000.

16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

I have in hand a stud}* of the venation of the H e m e r o -
biidae. This material, especially II e m e r o b i u s amicu-
1 u s Fitch, and another of Fitch's rare species, H . o c c i -
deutalis from Illinois (which I have recently received from
Wisconsin), together with other species of H e in e r o b i u s col-
lected at Saranac1 Inn, Ithaca and in Illinois, have 1 1n-own some
lig-ht on the evolution of the peculiar Hemerobian type of venation.
.My study will in due lime be published elsewhere when it is com-
pleted ; and i lie results to be noted here are merely that H . a m i -
c ul us Fitch and II. occidental is Fitch represent
two stages in the (volution of the type which should be marked
by generic rank. I therefore < haracteri/.e them here and in the
form of • i key, bemuse the key to 1 1 e in e r o b i i d a e in bulletin
47 was not made complete for our genera :

KEY TO THE GENERA OF HEMEROBIIDAE

a Brandies of UK- radial sector arising (/. ' .. sepa-
rating fi'oni vein II,) by a common stalk

b With three ocelli D i 1 a r

1)1) With no ocelli

c Humeral rmssvein (the basal costal cross-
vein) simple and not recurrent
d Some of the branches of vein Cu, forked. . S i s y r a

<hl All of the branches of vein Cn, simple C 1 i m a c i a

cc Humeral erossvein recurrent and bearing a

number of brandies on its outer side

<7 Suheosta and radius separate at the tips.. Polystoechotes
thl Snbeosta and radius conjoined at the tips. . B e r o t h a

an 1! ranches of the radial sector appearing to arise

separately from vein R,

b Humeral crossvein unbranched and not recur-
rent (pl.3, figs. 1 and 2) M i c r o m u s

1>1) Humeral crossvein recurrent and with brandies

on its outer side

c First division of the radial sector arising
before or opposite the basal subcostal
crossvein ; in the hind wing the vein
Mj+2 is well separated from the base
of the radial sector, with a distinct
crossvein between

(1 A closed cell in the first fork of the radius
before the base of the second division
of the sector (pl.2, fig.2); front coxae
longer than the femora

Spad'obius n. gen. type H. occidental! s Fitch

MAY K!.li:s AM) MIIKIKS UK XK\V YoKK IT

</(/ No closed cell in (ho lirsl t'<>rk «[' Ihe r:nli;il

sector iiei'oiv the base of the second divi-
sion of the sector ipl.o, lig.3); coxae of
fore legs shorter than femora

1' a 1 in u 1) i u s n. tfen. type 11. ami <• n 1 u s Fitch
cc First of the three or four divisions of the radial
sector arising well beyond the hasal snli-
cosi;il erossvein (pl.i!, lig.l); iu the hind
wing vein MJ™ is more or less coiitluent
with the base of the radial sector, elimi-
nating or reducing the crossvein be-
tween 1 1 e m e r o b i u s

EPHEMERIDAE

i;\ JAMES G. NEEUIIAM

Cilice the publication of Museum Bulletin 47 little atteution
has beeu given by the workers at the Entomologic Field (Station
to the collection and rearing of mayflies. Incidentally, however,
a number of new and most interesting forms have been brought
together, and nine additional species representing as many addi-
tional genera have been reared — mostly b}' Mr Betten and myself
during the summer of 1901 at Ithaca. It is the purpose of this
paper to give the results of new life history studies, and also new
keys for both adults and nymphs, that shall serve as a better
introduction to the study of this interesting group.

That the group is of great economic importance in water culture
i here can be no doubt. 1'ast food studies have demonstrated
this; and every aquatic collector has found the waters teeming
with the immature stages. There are mayfly nymphs for every
sort of situation in fresh water, and they are almost everywhere
abundant. These are perhaps the dominant insect herbivores of
fresh water. Notwithstanding their ecological interest, the won-
derful ways in which they have adapted themselves to diverse
modes of life in different sorts of places, and their singular,
though fragile, beauty, their study is very much neglected among
us. It is in the hope of interesting more of our field workers in
them that I have added to the life histories and descriptions,
the keys and text figures of the present paper.

Few life histories of American species, whose nymphs have been
positively determined by rearing, have as yet been written. Tin-
singular nymph of T5 a e t i s c a obesa Say has long boon

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

known, having been described by Walsh, its discoverer, and by
Vayssiere and Eaton. In bulletin 47 I described the nymphs
(having in each case bred the species) of Heptagenia
p u 1 c h e 1 1 a Walsh, Baetis pygmaea Hagen, S i p h 1 u -
r u s alternatus Say, Ephemerella excrucians
Walsh, Caeuis diminuta Walker, Hexagenia v a r i a-
bills Eaton, and Ephemera varia Eaton. In the Ameri-
can Naturalist for IDOo, pp.25-31 of vol.ol, Mr Edward \V. Berry
described the nymphs of ?Habrophlebia aniericana
Banks, Blasturus cupidus Say and C a 1 1 i b a e t i s f e r-
ruginea Wnlsh, and in Bulk-tin 68 I described the nymph of
C a 1 1 i b a e t i s s k o k i a u a Xeedham. That is all the bred
species that have hitherto been described in America, so far as I
know.

In the following pages I describe the nymphs of the following
eight bred species, representing as many genera : Cliiroten-
etes albomauicatus sp. nov. C h o r o t e r p e s b a s a -
1 i s Banks, Leptophlebia praepedita Eaton, Caeuis
a 1 1 e c t a sp. uov., Ameletus ludenssp. nov. Ephem-
erella bispiuasp. nov., Heptagenia interpunctata
Say, and Ecdyurus maculipeuuis Walsh, Mr W. E.
Howard furnishing an account of the life history of P o 1 y in i -
tarcys albus Say, which he has studied at Ottawa 111., but
which I have not seen at large. I add thereto descriptions of
five additional species which have not been bred, but to which the
names of native genera are assigned tentatively.

Some of the above descriptions are generic rather than specific :
the study of the nymphs in some genera has hardly gotten down
to the species as yet. Representatives of all these genera are de-
scribed and figured in Eaton's Monograph of Recent Ephemcridae,
at least two of them being tentatively referred to the wrong gen-
era, however. But the excellent and copious figures of that
work make it possible to refer the five species of unbred nymphs
to their genera with some degree of assurance.

I have published directions for collecting and rearing nymphs
of mayflies elsewhere,1 but while speaking of life histories I would
not omit to mention how easy it is to get life-history material in

iPart 0 of Bull. 39, U. S. National Miiseum.

MAY I'M. IKS AND MllxJKS OF NEW YORK 19

this group. As is well known, there is with ma \llies one moult
clui-ing adult life. The nymph, transforming, leaves the water as
a subimago. and later moults again and heroines the imago. The
sul >imago si age lasts I ml a lit I le while 1m t a few minutes with the
most ephemeral species, about a day with the majority of species.
two days with S i p h 1 u r u s a 1 I e r n a t u s kept indoors — being
much more brief than is the period of transformation of even those
species that are most concerted in t ime of appearance on the wing.
It follows from this that when one finds subimagos Hying, he can
go to the water whence they came and be rather sure of finding,
with proper searching, the full-grown nymphs. The subimagos
may be recognixed by their generally duller coloration, and the
possession of fringes of hairs around the wing border (present in
the imago of C a e n i s only among our forms) . Grown nymphs
may be placed in any sort of a dish of water near a window out
of the direct sunlight to transform. The subimagos picked from
the window later may be put in paper bags and left to moult
again. All stages are best preserved directly in alcohol of about
80 per cent strength.

Besides the material for this paper collected by myself and Mr
Betten at Ithaca N. Y. and Lake Forest 111., and that furnished
me from the State Museum collection by Dr Felt, I have received
material used herein from Professor T. D. A. Cockerell collected
at Pecos New Mexico, from Ihe late Mr R. J. Weith, collected at
Elkhart Indiana, from Mr Chauncey Juday, collected at Twin
Lakes Colorado, and from Mrs Mary Rogers Miller, collected at
Thousand Island Park X. Y., for all of which I return grateful
acknowledgment.

For the use of the following keys a little more knowledge of
mayfly structure is likely to be required lhan the average text-
book of entomology affords. A knowledge of the names of the
parts of the body and legs of the typical insect will be assumed;
also, of the principal mouth parts and antennae. It should be
known that the male is readily distinguished from the female by
the possession of much larger compound e\es, these always being
remote from each other in the female, and by the possession of a
pair of jointed appendages called forceps that project backward
from beneath the penultimate segment of the abdomen. The two

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

or three filiform appendages which terminate the abdomen are
here called caudal setae.

The tarsi are typically five-jointed in the adult, though one or
two basal joints show a marked tendency to fuse with the end
of the tibia, and the last joint bears two claws of vari-
able form (Fig.5) ; in the nymph the tarsus is one-
jointed and lx*ars a single claw (Plate 6, fig. 7 and S).
The mouth parts in the adult are atrophied and functionless,
while in the nymph they are highly developed. But one feature
of them needs mention here, however; that is the armature of the
mandible. By comparing pl.G, fig.4, and pl.S, fig.G, it will be seen

Fig. 1 Venation of the wings of Siphlurus; lettering explained in text

that each mandible bears on its inner side a broad more or less
corrugated molar surface, and at its antero-lateral angle several
variable canines.1

To the venation of the wings the student who aspires to an
acquaintance with mayflies would do well to pay special heed.
This is of chief importance because 1) the venation is perfectly
definite and easily observed; 2) it suffers least distortion in pre-
served specimens; 3) it remains the same through the different
developmental stages, and 4) the wings are better retained than
the other appendages, and progress is better in using a key if the
structures mentioned in it have not been lost. The main features

1 Following the terminology of Vayssiere for these parts. Organisation
des larves des Ephemerines: Ann. Sci. Nat. (G) vol.13. 1882.

MAY FUKS AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

of the \enation are easily learned, and afford a ready clue (o the
relationships. Katon says, "Unstable in minutiae, so closely is
i he essential jdan of the neuration adhered to by nearU relaled
niayilies that the general fades of the wing is an important aid
io their classification, affording characteristics as easily recog-
nizable as the style of brandling in the case of trees."

I!y reference to ligs.l, 2 or 3, or any of the wing figures of the
jdates. it will be observed that there are three nearly parallel
veins extending along the front or costal margin of the wing,
costa (C), snbcosta (#c), and radius (jRJ. These three are fol-
lowed by three forking veins that occupy the greater part of the
wing area, the radial sector (Rs), the media (M) and the cubit us
i Or). The middle one of these, the media, forking usually far-

itr. 2 Wings of Callibaetis

ilier outward than the others and being more constant in form,
is one of the best landmarks of the wing. All that lies between
it and vein L\ is radial sector, which, in the fore wings of may-
Hies, is entirely detached from the radius and functions as a

separate vein. The only place in the series where there is likely
to be any difficulty in recognizing the media is in the few genera
closely allied to P.aetis isee fig.2) in which both the media and
the f-iibitns are apparently simple; but it will be readily observed
by carefully noting the number and relation of the longitudinal
veins that the hinder branch of the fork of these two veins is
detached, and appears as an independent sector standing on the
hinder side; the relative lengths of these veins enable one to recog-
nize them all, even when detached, or when, through shifting of
cross veins at their bases, they appear to have formed attach-
ments of a contradictory sort (see vein Cu-z in pi. 8. fig.O). These

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

three forked veins are followed by three typically simple veins,
the first, second and third anal veins, which occupy the smaller
area of the hind angle of the wing. There is much variability
in this region in the different genera, and it is highly important
that these three veins be certainly recognized; to do this it is
only necessary to count off the three longitudinal veins of the
cubitus — the two branches (Ci^ and C»o) and the bisector of the
cubital fork — back of the media, and these three will be the three
best developed veins remaining. In the keys the short, incon-
stant interpolated longitudinal veins arc called inter calaries, and
that whether they become attached to principal veins or branches
or remain independent; and the irregular veins about the margin

Fig. 3 Venation of the fore wing of Ephemera

of the wing are called veinlets. The length of the media is meas-
ured on vein M.,. The fore wing is meant in the key except where
the hind wing is specified. Fig. 3 shows the unilateral forking of
the cubital vein and the divergence of the cubital and first anal
veins at base, characteristic of the subfamily Ephemerinae.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF MAYFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA

Inidfios
a The cubital and first anal veins strongly divergent at the base (fig.3).

Venation never greatly reduced Ephemerinae

T) The fork of the median vein very deep, almost reaching the wing
base; two long simple intercalaries between the first and second
anal veins. In the hind wing the vein R5 separates from vein R,
close beside and therefore is little longer than the next branch of

the radial sector Campsurus

66 The median vein forked for not more than three fourths of its length ;
in the hind wing the vein R5 arises much in advance of other
branches of the sector, being much longer than any of them

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 23

c Between the lirst .-Hid second anal veins is a bunch of 3-4 long,
straight inliTealaries. conjoined hasally l>ol'ore their attachment
to llu« principal veins: (he second anal vein nearly straight and

unbranched Po 1 y m i t a r cy s

CC Between the lirst and second anal veins are only shorter, simiati-,

and slum-times forking interealaries, attached directly to the

first anal ; the second anal vein sinuate and often branched

(fig.3)

(/ The median vein forked % to % its length; vein Cu2 not more

st rongly bent at base than the first anal Euthyplocia

(/</ The fork of the median vein occupying not more than half its
length ; vein Cu2 more strongly bent at base than is the first
anal (fig.3)

The third anal vein simple, but attached to the hind margin by

a number of crossveins ; in the narrow first fork of the

median vein there are one or more crossveins before the

origin of the vein M2 ; male forceps four-jointed

f Caudal setae 3, <$ and $ ; fore tarsus of female imago % as

long as the tibia Ephemera

if Caudal setae 2 in <$ and 3 in $; fore tarsus of 5 % as long

as the tibia Pentagenia

fff Caudal setae 2, rf and $ ; fore tarsus of $ as long as the

tibia Hexagenia

ce The third anal vein with a simple terminal fork and unattached
to the hind margin, although a few isolated short intereala-
ries lie between; in the wider first fork of the median vein
there is no crossveiu before the origin of vein M: ; male for-
ceps 3-jointed Potauianthus

aa The cubital and first anal veins parallel at base (in a few forms with

reduced and scanty venation, appearing a little divergent)
li Eyes of the male simple and remote; hind tarsi with 5 freely movable
segments ; venation never greatly reduced ; intercalary veins be-
tween the first and second anal veins unattached basally and in
two pairs, of which the pair nearer the hind angle is the longer

i pi. 4, figs. 3 and 4) Heptageninae

c Basal segment of the male fore tarsus not surpassed in length by any

of the succeeding segments
d Second segment about as long as the first and longer than the

third E p e o r n s

dd Second segment shorter than the first and about equal to tin-
third Iron

cc Basal segment of the male fore tarsus shorter than some of the

eeeding segments

d Basal segment of the male fore tarsus longer than the fifth seg
merit, the second and third segments of unequal length

e The second segment longer than the third K «• d y n r u s

ce The second segment shorter than the third < ' y n i g m a

(1<1 The basal segment of the male fore 1ar<ns shorter than the fifth
segment, and the second and third segments of about equal
length

24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e Basal segment of the male hind tarsus longer than the third

segment Rhithrogena

ce Basal segment of the male hind tarsus shorter than the third

segment Heptagenia

II) Hind tarsi usually with but four freely movable segments, the basal
segment being more or less completely consolidated with the
tibia ; eyes of the male enlarged, often approximated on the dorsal
side and divided into superior and lateral portions with corueal
facets of different size; venation various, sometimes greatly re-
duced: intercalary veins between the first and second anal never

as in & above Baetinae

c The three anal veins nearly parallel to the hind margin of the wing
and to each other, ending in the outer margin ; in the hind wing
the branches of the radial vein are strongly unilateral on the an-
terior side Baetisca

cc Anal veins strongly divergent distally, usually both the second and
the third ending in the hind margin; forks of the radial vein in
tbe hind wing more symmetrical

d The median vein with a normal fork ; hind wings, when present,
usually but little longer than broad and with a copious
venation

f The intercalaries between the first and second anal veins
variable, but usually more or less independent, and not
directly dependent from the first anal ; three well-devel-
oped caudal setae (except in Bias turns, in our
fauna)
g Hind wings present

li Vein Mo and bisector of the cubital fork independent ;
between the latter and vein Cu2 no intercalaries ; vein
Cu. in the bind wing rarely preserved; caudal setae
generally much longer than the body; penultimate
segment of the male forceps shorter than the ante
penultimate
i In the hind wing the subcostal vein reaches nearly to

the wing apex ; male forceps three-jointed
/ Hind wing with a slight concavity at the middle of
costal margin ; 5-0 longitudinal veins between
R2 and R5; veinlets numerous about the wing
margins and crossveins numerous in the hind
wings

A- Third anal vein of the hind wing wanting; caudal

setae of about equal length ....Leptophlebia

/,/,- Third anal vein of the hind wing present, and often

followed by one or two additional intercalaries;

median caudal seta distinctly shorter than the

others B 1 a s t u r u s

jj Hind wing with an angular lobe projecting forward
from the middle of the costal margin ; 4 longitud-
inal veins between R2 and R5 ; wing margins free
from veinlets, and few crossveins in hind wing

Habrophlebia

MAN II IKS \M> Mllti.'KS (»!•' NKW YolIK -•"•

// Tn (ho hind wing the subcostal vein terminates in tin-
cost :i at hardly more than half tin- length of the
wing, just he\ OIK! tlio obtuse aiigulalion li:i\mir a
thickened margin : forceps of male more or less His

tiiirtly four-jointed Choroterpes

//// Vein M, and the bisector of the cubital fork both tending
to attach themselves to the posterior branch of their
respective forks; between the latter and vein «'u.
are -enerally some short inlercalaries (the cubital
region thus being better developed than in group // i ;
caudal setae about as long as the body; penulti-
mate segment of the male forceps longer than the
antepenultimate

/ Veins Cu: and 1st A separate to base. .Ephmerella
7i Veins Cu, and 1st .4. fused toward the base

D r u n e 1 1 a geu. nov.

gg Hind wings absent C a e n i s

ff The intercalates between the first and second anal veins repre-
sented by a series of veinlets, often sinuous or forking,
extending directly from the first anal to the wing margin ;
costal angulation of hind wing close to the base; but two
well-developed caudal setae, the median one being rudi-
mentary or wanting; basal joint of hind tarsi evident but
not well developed

// Median caudal seta, a distinctly segmented rudiment (pl.6,
fig.l); forceps of male three-jointed; posterior pro-
longation of sternum of ninth segment of abdomen of
female bifid at tip

// 1'asal segment of fore tarsus of male shortest; claws of
each tarsus unlike each to each; hind wing with the
costal angulation acute, and the fork of the median
vein occupying two thirds the length of that vein

C o 1 o b u r 1 1 s

lih Basal segment of fore tarsus of the male longest; claws
of each tarsus alike; hind wing with the costal angula-
tion obtuse, and the median vein forked through one

third it? length C h i r o t e n e t e s

<jij Median caudal seta more rudimentary or wanting; forceps
of the male distinctly four-jointed; posterior prolonga-
tion of the sternum of the ninth abdominal segment in
the female entire at tip
h Claws of each tarsus alike: caudal setae at least one

half longer than the body Siphlurus

lili Claws of each tarsus unlike; caudal setae about as

long as the body in both sexes Ameletus

Median vein apparently simple, its posterior fork (M3) being
detached and appearing as an intercalary; hind wings when
present at least twice as long as wide, and provided with
but 1-3 longitudinal veins

26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e Hind wings present

f Fore wings with numerous costal crossveins before the bulla ;
hind wings with a moderate number of crossveins

Callibaetis
ff Fore wings without costal crossveins before the bulla ; hind

•wings without crossveins or with but 1-3 of them
g Marginal intercalary veinlets in pairs; hind wings oblong,

with a short costal angulation Baetis

gg Marginal inteivalary veinlets of the fore wing single; hind
wings linear, with a spur-like costal augulation

C e n t r o p t i 1 u in
ce Hind wings absent Chloeon

Nymphs

a Mandibles with an external tusk-like ramus, visible from above ; gills
on abdominal segments 1-7 (often rudimentary on 1), double, flat-
tened, linear, the margins fringed with respiratory filaments

Ephemerinae

1) Mandibular tusks longer than the head (burrowing species)
c Witb no frontal prominence

d Legs increasing in length posteriorly; gills of the first abdominal
segment simple; labruui longer than wide; maxillary palpus

t\vo-joiuted Polymitarcys

dd Legs decreasing in length posteriorly ; labrum wider than long ;

maxillary palpus three-jointed Euthyplocia

cc With a conspicuous frontal prominence

d Frontal prominence rounded Hexagenia

</(/ Frontal prominence bifid at tip Ephemera

1)1) Mandibular tusks shorter than the head, inconspicuous, only their

tips visible from above Potamanthus

6&& Unknown C a m p s u r u s and Pentageuia

aa Mandibles without projecting tusk-like ramus ; gills not as in a

& Eyes dorsal ; body strongly depressed ; tarsal claws with lateral teeth ;

dwellers in rapid streams and on wave beaten shores ; adopted to

clinging to flat surfaces of rocks, timbers, etc..H eptageninae

c Gills represented on abdominal segment 7 by simple, lanceolate or

linear filaments, differing markedly from the lamellae of the

preceding segments II e p t a g e u i a

cc Gills of the seventh abdominal segment lamelliform, like those be-
fore them, but smaller

d Gills on all the segments divaricate in pairs E c d y u r u s

dd Gills of segments 1 and 7 approximated at their tips, being
decurved beneath the abdomen, those of segment 1 much
enlarged

e Head widest toward the front; mandible with its outer canine
linear, truncate and denticulate on the end ; labrum retracted
far back from the flaring margin of the frons ; maxilla with
its palpus hairy and the tip of its lacinia armed with three
large teeth Iron

MAY FUKS AND MIDGES OF XK\V YdKK 27

66 I lend widest toward the rear; mandible with Its outer canine
shaped like a shoemaker's lust, the heel pointing lalenilu
and tlie Ion-, slender, aeute toe obliquely forward; lahnim
pendent from the ilaring but notched edge of the irons ;
maxilla without strong teeth at tip of its lacinla and without

long hairs on its palpus R h i t h r oge n a

bb Kyes lateral: form of body various; claws smooth or toothed below

Baetinae

o Gills completely concealed under au enormously enlarged, four-

spiued dorsal thoracic shield B a e t i s c a

• (Jills exposed; thoracic dorsuin normal
d Outer caudal setae fringed on both sides
e Gills on abdominal segments 1-7, double
f Gills filamentous

g Each a pair of simple filaments Laptop hlebia

gg Each a pair of clusters of slenderer filaments

Habrophlebia

ff Gills lamelliform, at least on the middle segments

g Lamellae of each gill similar B 1 a s t u r u s

gg Lamellae of each gill markedly differing in form at tip

(see pl.S. fig.S) Choroterpes

ce Gills absent from one or more of segments 1-7; one pair more

or less elytroid, covering those behind it

f Gills present on the seventh abdominal segment, elytroid on
the third or fourth segment; a pair of tubercles on the
apical margin of each segment beside the middorsal line

g Head smooth above E p h e m e r e 1 1 a

gg Head armed above with a pair of erect occipital tubercles

Drunella, gen. nov.

ff Gills absent from the seventh abdominal segment, elytroid on
the second segment; no dorsal abdominal tubercles

C a e n i s
dd Outer caudal setae fringed only on the inner side

e Posterolateral angles of the hinder abdominal segments pro-
longed into thin, flat, sharp lateral spines

f Fore legs conspicuously fringed with long hairs; gill tufts
present upon the bases of maxillae and front coxae and at

bases of lamellae on abdomen Chiroteuetes

ff Fore legs without conspicuous fringes ; no maxillary or coxal

gills ; no gill tufts at base of lamellae on abdomen
g Gills double on the basal abdominal segments; end of max-
illa fringed with simple hairs S i p h 1 u r u s

gg Gill lamellae all single; end of maxilla fringed with pec-
tinated hooks Ameletus

ee Posterolateral angles of the hinder abdominal segments hardly

more than acute — not prolonged in thin flat lateral spines
/" Gill lamellae simple
g Lamellae obtuse at apex; maxillary palpus rounded at the

apex Baetis

gg Lamellae acute at apex ; end of maxillary palpus trun-
cated Centroptilum

28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ff Gill lamellae double, at least on some of the anterior ab-
dominal segments
g Antennae shorter than the body; tracheae of gill lamellae

pinnately branched Callibaetis

gg Antennae longer than the body; tracheae of gill lamellae

palmately branched Cloeou

eee Unknown C o 1 o b u r u s

In the preparation of the foregoing keys 1 have used freely
Eaton's Monograph of Recent Ephcmcridac, that great storehouse
of information concerning the structure of mayflies. Although
in a few minor details I have not been able to accept the classifi-
cation therein given, I wish to acknowledge my obligation at
every turn to its great wealth of illustration, and to express my
admiration for the spirit in which its classification is set forth:
"It is only by taking cognizance of points of difference .and agree-
ment in many details, in the anatomy and the mode of develop-
ment and the habit of leading representatives of the various
alliances of genera, at different periods of their lives, before and
after their exclusion from the egg, that the mutual affinities of
the several associations of genera to one another can be demon-
strated adequately. T'ntil such comparisons can be and shall
have been carried out, the whole question of their arrangement
can only: be dealt with in a tentative and experimental manner;
and it will be fortunate if error be avoided in the necessary
grouping of the genera into provisional alliances of apparently
kindred forms, preparatory to the study of their affinities. It
is far more easy to demonstrate defects in proposed methods of
classification than to devise a trustworthy system in their
stead."

I have correlated nymphal and adult structures, and have ex-
pressed that correlation in the foregoing keys, wherein all the
major divisions are strictly parallel for the two stages. That
this is now possible is a sign of progress toward a natural sys-
tem of classification. The one serious incongruity in Eaton's
system — the interpolation of J o 1 i a in the subfamily E p h e-
m e r i n a e ; an incongruity that grew out of a previous error,
inherited from Joly — the breeding of Chirotenetes has
enabled me to remove. The nymph " J o 1 i a r o e s e 1 i ': is
doubtless that of the sole European species of C h i r o t e n-
etes, Ch. ignotus Walker. A comparison of the figures

MAY FLIKS AND MIDGES OF XEW YORK 29

of pl.'JT of Katon's Monograph \vilh those of m\ pi. ."• ;iml <! will
show (he dose agreement of it with O h. a 1 b o in a n i c a t u s,
and demonstrate its generic position. The adult which Joly
furnished Eaton as having been bred from this species of nymph
was doubtless a poor specimen of Pol y m i t a r <• y s v i r g o
(Hiv. This was suspected by Katon and yet he allowed the adult
to determine thv position of the species in his system. Doubt-
less the nymph Jolia furnished a reason for including
O 1 i g o n e u r i a and its allies in the E p h e in e r i n a e also.
The nymph of O 1 i g o n e u r i a is certainly nearest C h i r o-
t e ne te s of all forms hitherto described; and it has not yet
l.eeii shown that the very degenerate imagos may not as well
have descended from this part of the series, and belong in the
B a e t i n a, e as here understood. My present ideas of the
major natural complexes of the order may he expressed as fol-
lows:

1 Subfamily Ephemerinae;a fairly homogeneous series.1

2 Subfamily H e p t a ge n i n a e; a very homogeneous series.

3 Subfamily Baetinae; a very heterogeneous series, only
definable as lacking the characteristics of the other two, and in-
cluding five fairly distinct groups, some of which may be found
worthy to rank as equivalents of 1 and 2 above:

ft) The group of Oligoneuria (Oligoneuria to Homeoneuria

of Eaton: pis. 3 and 20 of bis monograph); five genera, represented

in tropical America and in the old world
M The group of Baetis, including all our genera of Baetinae

except B a e t i s c a , and many exotic genera
c) The group of B a e t i s c a , including B a e t i s c a only
(7) The group of P r o s o p i s t o m a , including the exotic P r o s o p i s -

t o m a only
c) Tin' uTuiip of tin- nameless Chilean nymph figured on pi. 53 of Eaton's

Monograph

'These three subfamilies, which I indicated parenthetically in my key to
nymphs published in bulletin 47, I had already recognized in 1807. Shortly
afterward my friend Mr C. A. Hart, of the Illinois State Laboratory of
Natural History, sent me a manuscript key in which these major divisions
were plainly indicated, and also a number of minor divisions, including the
tribes Baetini and Caenini of Banks (Trans. Amer. Ent Soc.
20:247. 1900). This key was then already in use by entomological stu-
dents at (he University of Illinois, the basis for these divisions having
been recognized independently and, perhaps, prior to my own recognition
of them.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the breedings of mayflies now to be reported upon, are
not very numerous, they could hardly be better distributed for
the purpose of supplementing existing knowledge. The C h i r o-
tenetes life history is the most important, because of the
difficulties and discord it clears away. It is well supplemented
by the breeding of A m e 1 e t u s, which shows that to this
genus belongs the nymph that Eaton referred by supposition
to Chirotenetes (Monograph, pl.40) . Furthermore, the
other new life histories represent additional genera or very
striking species. A few notes are added concerning species
whose life histories have been previously known.

The following notes and descriptions follow no systematic
order of arrangement, but are ordered as was convenient in writ-
ing them:

Baetisca obesa Walsh

This singular mayfly, known hitherto from Rock Island, Illi-
nois and Indiana, the place of its discovery, has been found at

two places in New York State: In the
Niagara river, by Mr K. P. Van iMizee
of Buffalo. ;uul at Newport, where a
single nymph was taken May 30, 1902,
by Mr 1). B. Young and is now in the
New York State Museum collection.
I have also received specimens from
Mr R. J. Weith, taken in the St Joe
river at Elkhart, Indiana, but only a
few subimagos. however. The rather
striking color pattern of the wing
of the male subimago (in the imago
the wing is wholly hyaline) is well shown in the accompanying
figure reproduced from a photograph (pl.4 fig.l). I present
on the same plate (fig.2) a new figure of the nymph also. It is
absolutely unique among mayfly nymphs. Its huge four-spined
carapace is formed by a backward prolongation of the thoracic
dorsum. It meets a conspicuous pyramidal elevation on the
middle of the abdomen to inclose a respiratory chamber, within
which the gills are included. The labium (fig.4) is most inter-

Fig-. 4 The nympal labium of
Baetisca obesa Say. (The
two muscle bauds indicated by
dotted lines in the basal segment
of the left palpus are the same
that move the lateral lobe of the
dragonfly labium)

MAY FLIKS AMI M11HJKS OF MEW Yoltlx 31

esting also, because it oilers a transition form to the Odonala.
A comparatively slight decree of consolidation of the labial
parts here present, and a slightly better development of the I \\ o
points ai the tip of the palpus (of which the last joint is homo
logons with the movable hook, and the internal prolongation of
I lir preceding joint equals the end hook of the Odonata), would
give the grasping labiuiu, so characteristic of the nymphs in
that order.

Much has been written concerning the anatomy of this inter-
esting species — especially the anatomy of the nymph. A full
bibliography and a new description with some excellent figures
are given in Katon's Monograph, pp.L'1'i; _!".». pl.21 and 4±

Less is known concerning its manner of life. In a general way
it may lie said to inhabit the more rapid portions of our larger
rivers and to be very local. It is rare in collections.

•/

Chirotenetes albomanicatus sp. nov.

Tin1. tuh He-gloved howdy1

Plates 5 and 6

This is the common Ithaca species, whose nymph is figured on
page 87 of Comstock's Mint mil for the Study of Insects. It has
been referred hitherto to C h. s i e c u s Walsh. It differs from
Walsh's description of that species in its larger size, later sea-
son of appearance, separateness of eyes in male subimago, colora-
tion of front tarsi and of forceps and in conspicuous black trans-
verse apical lines on abdominal segments. It agrees better
with Eaton's description and fairly well with his figure of that
species, but I doubt whether Eaton had the species of Walsh.
Pending the reidentification of Walsh's species, I think that less
confusion will result if this one be kept apart under a new name.

This species is abundant in all the rapid streams about Ithaca.
I have observed the nymph, especially in those places where the
creek lied is Hat slu-lving rock over which 1he water streams in a
thin sheet. In such places the flat, rocky floor of the stream is

'Lost it he not dis'-erned. T will state openly Hint the common name
"howdy," which I apply to the members of this genus, is a very free trans-
lation Into western vernacular of the generic name.

32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

covered with a thin, filmy growth of algae, with abundant nets
of the caddisfly seine-maker, H y d r o p s y c h e ; and the broken
edges of the floor ledges are fringed with black masses of black fly
larvae, Simulium. Sim u Hum and Hydropsyche
are fixed in their places, but Chirotenetes wanders about
freely over the ledges, clinging securely even in the swiftest
water, keeping of necessity head up stream, moving by short
quick dashes, effected by sharp strokes of its powerful tail fin
and gill covers, moved synchronously. It is also found in the
stiller pools at the sides of the current, in which dwell other may-
flies of the genera C a e n i s and B a e ti s; and also among
the rocks in the current, under which cling other nymphs of
H e p t a g e n i a , Blast ur us and Choroterpes.

Measurements. Length, imago and subimago, <$ 11-12 mm.; $
12-1.'). H mm.; setae additional, subimago, J1 13; $ 11; imago, <£ 23;
$ 20 ; fore leg of <$ and $ subimago and of $ imago two thirds as
long as body, of £ imago seven eights as long as body.

Subimago. Color brownish tinged, with tawny changing to
rufous with age. with a pale middorsal line the entire length of
the body dilated and overspreading the dorsum of the meso-
thorax. Fore legs rufous, with whitish or pale lutescent tarsi, of
which the sutures are narrowly marked with brown in the male.
Middle and hind legs wholly pale. Wings subhyaline, paler on
the inner margin, all crossveins bordered with ashy brown (pi. 5,
fig.2). Abdominal segments pale brown, the apical margin with
a transverse apical line and the lateral margins with a longi-
tudinal dash of darker brown; last segment and setae and ap-
pendages wholly pale. The ventral prolongation of the ninth
segment in the $> is bifid apically as in the imago, but not declined
at the tip. The eyes of the male are not contiguous, and the for-
ceps limbs are straight, and surpass the tip of the rudimentary
middle seta by the length of the latter.

£ imago. Thorax brownish, abdomen rufescent; head pale
lutescent below, rufescent above between the black-ringed ocelli
and the eyes. Thorax darker brown above and below and paler
along the sides, but without definite markings. Fore legs bright
rufous, with wholly white tarsi ; middle and hind legs wholly
pale whitish. Wings hyaline. Abdominal segments rufous, trans-
verse apical carinae and lateral margin distinctly lineate with
blackish brown ; segment 10 paler, yellowish rufescent, strongly
produced backward above in a 'broad obtusely truncated superior

MAY FI.IKS AM> MIIMIKS OK NK\V YORK 33

lobe. Along the sides of the abdomen is an interrupted line of
black dashes on the lateral margin and there is a minute black-
dot .above the anterior end of each dash on either side of each
segment. Setae white, slightly tinged with yellowish on basal
segments, but not ringed. Forceps (pi. (5, fig.l ) long and
arcuate, the basal segment of each limb feebly differentiated;
coloration pale yellowish white, slightly infuscated in the middle.
$ imago. (Plate .">, fig.l ). Head above whitish or very pale lute-
ous ; ocelli ringed with black; a black spot beneath each eye and
another at its hind angle above upon a minute triangular back-
ward prominence of the occipital margin. Thorax tawny yellowish
brown above, the hind margins of the tergal sclerites narrowly
margined with blackish brown; venter deeper brown. Wings and
legs colored as in the male. Abdomen brownish rufescent, less
rufous than in the male, but with the apical lateral margins more
distinctly lineate with blackish brown. Segment 10 pale, pro-
duced .above into a posterior rounded loibe. Segment 9 produced
below in a long acutely bifid lamina, decurved at the apex, and
surpassing the level of the tip of the superior lobe on segment 10.

A noteworthy feature of both subimago and imago, hitherto ap-
parently unnoticed in any mayfly, is the persistence of the maxil-
lary and coxal gill tufts of the nymph. These are present as
conspicuous blackish tufts on the inner sides of the front coxae
and at the sides of the atrophied maxillae. They are most con-
spicuous (probably because less dessicated) in the subimago, but
the constituent filaments, filled with black pigment, are easily
recognized in either.

The nymph. ( Plate r>. figs. 3 and 4) . Length of full grown female
13 mm., antenna 4 mm. and seta 7 mm. additional.

Body rather stout, thorax slightly compressed, abdomen
strongly depressed and upcurved posteriorly, its sides parallel as
far as the seventh segment, and distinctly wider than head and
thorax, then tapering to the base of the stout setae. Integument
strongly chitinized.

Head short Avith vertical face, evenly contoured above, covered
at the sides by the low, broad, well-rounded eyes. Middle ocellus
directlv in front but the other two visible from a.bove. A median
frontal vertical carina below the middle ocellus ends in a stout,
sharp downwardly directed triangular spine. Antenna (Plate 0.
fig.O) stout, naked, basal segment stouter and paler, the shorter
segments immediately succeeding brownish, the succeeding seg-
ments again pale to the tip, Mouth parts unusually hairy, the

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

•

somewhat quadrangular labruni covered above with stout bristles
and fringed beyond the bristles around its border with copious
soft yellowish hairs (pl.fi, fig.2). Labium with two jointed palpi of
singular form, the basal joint of each cylindric, naked; the second
joint twice as long, flattened, its inner margin straight, its outer
margin arcuate, its exterior border closely beset with a single
linear series of long thin setae, its apex bearing a minute obtuse
inwardly directed prominence, set off by a minute notch from
the inner margin, and perhaps representing the remains of a
palpal segment (pl.G, flg.3). Galea and laciuia hairy beneath,
the latter less than half as large as the former and more
triangular in outline. Mandible naked (pl.G, fig.4), the outer
canine tridentate at tip, the inner one spine-like, but with a flat
margin on one side below overlapping the palp. Maxilla (pl.G,
fig.5) with palpus two-jointed and similar in form to the labial
palpus; end of lacinia terminating in a long straight spine; a
copious tuft of gill filaments takes origin under the base of the
stipes.

Thorax strongly arched dor-sally and slightly flattened laterally.
Legs short and stout, the tibia longest in the fore leg, where
one third longer than the femur, decreasing in length successively
on middle and hind legs. Fore legs with a remarka.ble develop-
ment of stiff fringes of tawny hairs, a single ventral fringe on
the femur, a double fringe beneath the tibia, the basal portion
containing hairs as long as the combined tibia and tarsus, but
the length of the fringe diminishing apically, and a ranch shorter
single fringe beneath the tarsus. There is also on the fore leg a
single elongate and flattened tibial sppr, more than hal* oo lorig
as the tarsus, and strongly recalling by its AilU ^structure

the flat spur on the swimming legs or the diving beetle
Cybister (pl.fi, fig.7). The single tarsal claw is short and
arcuate and denticulate on its inferior margin; on middle and
hind tarsi the claw acquires a special convexity on the basal part
of its inferior denticulate surface, especially marked in the hind
tarsus (pl.6, fig.9). There is a large tuft of several times forked
gill filaments attached to the base of the fore coxa within.

Abdomen cylindric at base, becoming depressed and upcurved
posteriorly and laterally carinate, the lateral margins on seg-
ments 8 and 9 ending in long, straight, sharp lateral spines, half
as long as their respective segments. There are minute and i^-
conspicuous lateral spines also on segments 1 to 7, hardly more
than acute angles on 1-4. Gills on segments 1-7, covered by obo-
vate protecting lamellae (Plate 6, fig.lO), which are slightly
oblique, increase slightly in size on segments 1-3 and are
equal on 4-7. Each lamella has the front margin, the

MAY FI.1KX AND MllHiKS OK NKNV YORK 35

base of the hind margin and a. diagonal superior carina
strongly chitinized. The purplish white-lipped gills are
clustered in small Hat Infts of 2-3 times branched lila-
nieuts attached to the bases of the lamellae, and they are
shorter than the shortest of the lamellae. Setae stout
in basal half, with dense internal fringes of tawny hair. There
is a darker band across the middle beyond which the tips are
slenderer, and the fringes disappear, the whitish tips being bare.

Color, rich chocolate brown above, paler below and on sutures,
a pale median stripe extending upward from the mouth over the
head and ending upon the prothorax. Tibiae and tarsi pale with
broad median rings of brown.

The fore legs are widest apart and the middle ones most approx-
imate at base.

The dates of my bred specimens are July 12, 14 and 19, 1901.
Transformation takes place at the surface of tbe water as in
other species, and tbe subimago stage continues about 24 hours.
On warm nights in midsummer subimagos swarmed into my
trap lanterns above Fall creek, Ithaca, but no images came to
them. Images were easily taken along tbe sides of the gorges
anywhere, sitting rigidly, their white fore feet extending full
length forward; so they wrould sit and allow themselves to be
picked up witb the fingers. This is a fine species, interesting for
the agility of the nymph in the water and for the rich coloration
and striking attitude of the adult.

Food. "NYith a view to more accurately determining what is
the food of this species I had microscopic mounts made of the
cleared stomach contents of nine well grown nymphs from Fall
creek. Plant remains constituted in all cases fully half of the
stomach contents — in some cases a much greater proportion.
There were recognizable remains of numerous Cyanophy-
ceae and other algae, and numerous stalked diatoms of the
Gomphonema group (which may have been taken in with
the larger plant stems to which they were attached), but the
greater part was a brownish mass of remains of the decaying
leaves of higher plants. That Sinmlium larvae had been eaten
by four of the nymphs was determined by the presence of
isolated rays of the fans. Ecdyurus m a c u 1 i p e n n i s
nymphs, common in the stream and of favorable size for the food
of this species, had been eaten by at least seven of the speci-

NEW YORK STATE Ml'SKl'M

mens examined, as evidenced by the presence of recognizable re-
mains; the claw (fig.ll) or the curiously coiled malpighian
tubules, or the outer canine of the mandible (tig.Di). Nymphs
of some species of Caen is had been eaten by four, and a
small platode and a very young nymph of 0 h i r o;t e n e t e s
by a single specimen.

Ameletus ludens sp. nov.

The genus Ameletus has not hitherto been known east-
ward of the Rocky mountains. It is represented in the State
Museum collection at Albany by a number of nymphs and two

....

Fig. 5 Ameletus ludens sp. nov., female subimago; u, end of abdomen below,
showing truncate apical lobe of the 9th sternum ; v, fore tibia and tarsus

bred female suibimagos taken by Mr. D. B. Young at Newport,
N. Y. on the 22d of May 1902. They were found in the head-
waters of a small, swift stream, elevation about 000 feet, in the
Hasenclever hills, a spur of the Adirondacks.

Female subimago. Length, 9 num.; setae, 6 mm. additional;
wing, 8 mm. Color obscure 'brownish, paler on the sutures and
below; antennae darker toward the tip; incomplete dark-brownish
rings about the ocelli; on the vertex a pair of longitudinal black-
ish marks, confluent in the middle ; a broad median whitish tract
upon the mesothorax, produced behind and dilated at the sides;
subapical paler bands on the femora, the tips again darker;
wings uniformly pale fumose, the venation is shown in pl.S, fig.9;
brown marks on the ventral ganglia, becoming more evident
posteriorly.

MAY FLIES AND Ml DUES OF NEW YORK

The accompanying text figures will facilitate the recognition
of this species when more and better specimens are at hand.

This species is a typical representative of A in e 1 e t u s ,
agreeing in. close detail with the generic characters set forth in
Eaton's Monograph p. 210, but it is smaller than any of its con-
geners. Its nymph is apparently the one figured by Eaton on
pi. 49 of his Monograph, and referred to 0 h i r o t e n e t e s .

The nymph. ( IM.T. fig.l.) Length, U.5 mm.; antennae, 1 mm.
and setae, 4 mm. additional. Body elongate, \rith vertical face,
arched thorax, depressed and tapering abdomen. Antennae short,

T?ig. 6 Parts of nymph of Ameletus In dens sp. nov. ; y, maxilla: /., single gill
lamella from one of the middle abdominal segments

taipering, bare; ocelli in front; labrum quadrangular, a little
longer than wide, emarginate in front, where f ringed "with fine
jilumose hairs. Mandibles stout, triangular beyond the molar
surface. l>earing the canines upon the prominent apex, outer
canine more ihan twice as large as the inner, the latter preceded
by a slender subulate spine on the distal margin. Maxilla with a
very weak and slender and obscurely three-jointed palpus. The
comibined lacinia and galea obscurely trape/.oidal. the tip of the
former indicated by a short, slender and sharp spine, the distal
border of the galea fringed densely with a series of strongly
arched, regularly graduated and iM-aiitifully pectinated hooks
(fig.Gr). Labi u in with better developed, three-jointed palpi,

38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cultriform galeae, fringed with spiuules externally, and broadly
triangular laciniae, separate to the base.

1'rothorax rather short, closely applied to the front of the large
niesothorax ; wing cases reaching llie apex of the second abdominal
segment. Legs rather short, stout, pale, with darker lines upon
the sutures, the darkest one at the base of the claw.

Abdomen gradually tapering, gracefully upcurving ill the rear.
Gill laminae on segments 1-7. similar in form on all the seg-
ments (tig.ti: i ; smallest on segment 1, largest on segment 6, obo-
vate, with a somewhat thickened front margin, and a longitudinal
dorsal chit inons ridge. There are no free gill tilaments attached to
lamellae. Lateral spines mi segments 1 !» straight, sharp, increas-
ing in si/e posteriorly. Setae rather short and stout, equal,
fringed copiously within, traversed by a broad distinct band of
brown which occupies their middle third, and slightly washed
with brown again at the extreme lips.

This nymph differs from the one figured by Eaton (pl.4!l,
Monograph) in having the middle lobe of the tongue (hypop-
harynx) bilobed. This genus differs from all others as yet
known except T h r a u 1 u s in the possession of a pectinated
fringe on the distal border of the galea of the maxilla.

Choroterpes basalis Banks

This species 1 have studied in the Fall creek gorge beside the
Cornell Insectary at Ithaca. It is a very common species there.
The nymph is found among the smaller stones in the side cur-
rents of the creek in the bottom of the gorge, associated with
other nymphs of 10 c d y u r u s m a c u 1 i p e n n i s , B a e t i s ,
C a e n i s etc. It clambers about under these stones, and when
they are lifted out of the water it is easily picked off by hand.
The form of the gill tips i Plate 8, flg.8) will instantly distinguish
it from all others in the stream.

Imagos were abundant about the middle of July. My bred
specimens are dated July 14, 1901. Xot many images were ob-
served at large except on early afternoons, when the sunshine
was warm and bright. Then they would swarm out in the open-
ing of the gorge, and dance high up in the air between the banks
of green in myriads. Rising and falling in rapid undulations,
moving in large companies up and down the gorge, they rarely
descended low enough to bring the lowermost within the reach

M\Y FLIES AND MIUCKS OF NEW YORK

of the net; and when by climbing on a big rock in the opening I
captured a net full of them I found they were all males. About
the same time also subimagos swarmed into my trap lanterns
that overhung Fall creek, and a few imagos with them.

The nymph, i IM.7. fig.2.) Length, 7 mm.; antennae, 3 mm.,
and setae. 7..""> mm. additional, P.ody strongly depressed, widest
across the rather prominent mesothorax. Head flattened above;
eyes round, prominent, situated just before the hind margin.
Antennae situated midway the length of the head, which before
them is pilot shaped, dilated at the sides and sharp-edged. Ocelli
three, rather large, situated in a nearly straight transverse row
in the male, in a triangle in the female. La;brmn half as long as
broad, widened anteriorly, rounded on the anterior angles and
deeply emarginated in front, where fringed with short stiff bris-
tles (pl.8. fig. •">.). Mandible (pl.8, fi,g.f>t stout, its two canines each
tridentate on tip, its palp deeply bifid; on the inner margin just
before the molar surface is a low conic tubercle. Maxilla (pl.8,
fig.4) short and stout, the palpus two-jointed, the consolidated
galea and lacinia squarish, the tip of the former ending in a long
and distinctly pectinated spine, the inner and distal margins
densely fringed with slender hairs. Labium ('pl.8, fig.3) with
three jointed palpi, the broad galeae and the narrow laciniae with
their tips on a level, and densely fringed with spinules, the spin-
ules on the laciniae being stouter.

Thorax depressed, increasing in width to the bases of the wings.
The wing cases reach the base of the fifth abdominal segment.
The legs are rather short and stout, with flattened and dilated
femora and slender tibiae, pale with a more or less complete
brownish ring beyond the middle of the femora and some fainter
markings at the knees.

Abdomen depressed, regularly tapering from the third seg-
ment to the end, segments slightly increasing in length to the
ninth, the tenth somewhat more than half as long as the ninth,
produced above in a rounded lobe with a narrow blackish border
that is interrupted by paler in the middle of the margin. There
are sharp, triangular lateral spines on segments 4-9, increasing
in length and sharpness on the succeeding segments, represented
on segments L* and 3 by mere angles of the fiat margin, on 8 one
fourth as long as the segment, dills very peculiar; on segment 1
a simple linear or slightly tapering filament (pl.S, tig.7 I that is
fully as long as the succeeding lamellae; on "2-7 double, hmielli-
form, with pinnately branching tracheae; each of the pair of
lamellae is typically three-loln-d ; the middle lobe of the upper-
most la.melJa is itself lamelliform, oval or oblong, separated by

40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

marginal notches from the two other lesser loin's (pl.S, fig.8). The
middle lobe of the lower lamella is likewise Hat, but narrow,
linear, and with a belter development of the two other lobes at
its base. There is a slight decrease in length on segments 2-7;
and on l', and again on 7, the anterior of the three lobes of the
upper lamella is scarcely developed. Setae three, fragile, slender,
with minute apical whorls (>f spinules on the segments.

Color olivaceous brown above, with a variable middle pale line,
fenestrate upon the dorsum of the abdomen with paler olivaceous.
I'.elow, with a broad pale median area.

Several of my nymphs from Fall creek have colonial Vorticel-
lidae attached promiscuously about the dorsum, or aggregated
about the bases of the setae.

Pl.S. fig.l. shows the venation and tig.L' of the same plate shows
the form of the appendages of the male imago in this species.

Baetis pygmaea Ha gen

This dainty little maytly, which I described in bulletin 47 (pp.
421 iL'.'t, pi. 15, fig.l o and 14), I bred also from nymphs obtained
in Fall creek with those of the preceding species, and I took a
few specimens of the imagos in trap lanterns hung about the
creek during July 1001.

Callibaetis skokiana Xeedham

I wish to record here concerning this species that I have made
a careful examination of microscopic mounts of the stomach con-
tents of ten well-grown nymphs taken from the (Jym pond on the
campus of Lake Forest College in Illinois, and have found them
containing no recognizable animal remains whatever, but only
remains of plant tissues. chieHy the disintegrating fragments of
the dead leaves of the higher plants, such as litter from the
pond bottom, with a scanty sprinkling of algae — Cy a n o p h y-
ceae and stalked diatoms.

Blasturus cupidus Say

I have found his species common in Six Mile creek at Ithaca,
where I bred it in 1807. I have apparently identical nymphs in
my collection from Elkhart, Indiana, and Raleigh, North Caro-
lina. The images of this genus appear in late spring. As be-
fore remarked, Berry has described the nymph in the American

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Naturalist vol. 37, pp.27-29, 1 !><>:'>. It will be at once distin-
guished from all other genera by the form of the gill lamellae,

Fig. 7 Gill lamellae of the nymph of Blasturus cupidus Say; e, from the 1st
segment ; f, from the 4th segment Jg, from the.Tth.segment

a figure of which is herewith given (fig.7). There are well-de-
veloped lateral spines present on abdominal segments 8 and 9
only.

Ephemerella

This is one of the genera of E p h e m e r i d a e that shows
great nymphal specialization independently of adult life, The
nymphs are obviously very diverse in form and structure; the
irnagos very much alike, or else their differences are easily over-
looked. Eaton pointed out in his Monograph the remarkable
differences between the nymph which I have since bred and
shown in bulletin 47 to be that of E. excrucians, and that
of the European E. i g n i t a; , the only bred species with which
he was acquainted. He referred to this nymph as a new un-
named genus allied to Ephemerella; but it is the nymph
of the typical species. I describe herein the nymphs of two
native species closely allied to E. ignita. I have compared
both nymphs and adults with E. excrucians. I have not
found differences that would seem to justify the generic separa-
tion of the imagos; and notwithstanding the evident differences
of the nymphs, I think they may as well, for the present, at
least, remain associated together under the one name. The
nymphal differences are chiefly in the number and arrangement
of the gill lamellae, and these things are perhaps most subject
to the influence of environment.

42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Among the other four North American nymphs described by
Eaton are two that will doubtless represent good and distinct
genera; and one of these I have been able to identify; for it I
erect the new genus DruneUa. The structural relations
between the American nymphs of the Ephemerella alli-
ance described by Eaton and those I have since obtained may be
set forth by means of the following key:

a Antennae inserted in deep angular notches in the front margin of the
frons; dorsal hooks of abdomen wanting; nymph from Colorado,
imago unknown1
aa Antennae inserted upon the upper surface of the frons; dorsal hooks

hooks more or less developed in a double row upon the abdomen
6 Head armed with high occipital tubercles; hind wings visible at the

sides below the fore wings D r u u e 1 1 a gen. nov.

b& Head smooth above; hind wings visible on the dorsuiu between the

bases of the fore wings
c Gill lamellae present on abdominal segments 3-7

d Front femora strongly tul.eivulate on inner margin; lateral spines
of abdominal segments poorly developed, the abdominal margin
not serrate. Eaton's no. I from Washington2 ; imago unknown
dd Front femora smooth on inner margin; lateral spines of abdom-
inal segments strongly developed
e Dorsal hooks of abdomen erect, high, strongly developed

Ephemerella bispina sp. nov.
ee Dorsal hooks of abdomen slightly developed, hardly elevated

above the surface. 1'nknown species from New York (p.45)
cc Gill lamellae present on abdominal segments 4-7

d The operculate anterior lamella of the 4th segment covers suc-
ceeding lamellae but imperfectly, these successively protruding
their whole apical margins. Katon's no. IV; imago unknown3
dd The operculate anterior lamella of the 4th abdominal segment
covers closely all succeeding lamellae, only their extreme
apical margins visible

e Body hardly more than twice as long as wide; Ephemer-
ella sp? from Pecos N. Mex.
ee Body more than three times as long as wide

Ephemerella excrucians

Dnmella gen. nov.4

I have determined the nymph of this genus by means of the
venation of the developing wing. Professor Cockerell sent me
two nymphs from Pecos New Mexico, one of which, a male

1 Eaton no. III. Monograph, p. 132, pl.39, 22 figs.

"-Monograph, p.131, pl.38, figs. 1-10.

'Monograph, p.133, pl.40, 17 figs. (Colorado)

4 To my friend, Professor Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 43

specimen, is in perfect condition for showing the venation. It
shows the basal fusion of veins Cu2 and 1st A that Eaton long
since described and figured as characteristic of Ephemerella
grand is Etn (Monograph, pi. 14, fig.24&). This character,
together with the rather strong joinings together of the other
anal veins basally, readily distinguished this large species from
Ephemerella proper. The figures of venation I give herewith
(pi. 10, figs. 1 and 2) are drawn from the nymphal wing,
which shows the venation better than does the single female
imago I have seen. I have another identical nymph collected at
Twin Lakes Colorado, by Mr Chauncey Juday. Since the type
of E . g r a n d i s is from Colorado, it seems very probable that
the nymph belongs to this species. In pi. 10, figs.3, 4 and 6 I
present figures of the male nymph, which differs slightly from
the female,, figured by Eaton.

Ephemerella bispina sp. nov.

The six specimens of this species that I have seen were sent
me in the last lot of material received from the late Mr E. J.
Weith. They were collected at Elkhart Indiana, shortly before
June 18th— the date on which they reached me at Lake Forest.
There were among them single male and female images, a male
subimago, and three nymphs. The species is apparently near to
E . w a I k e r i Eaton from Albany river near Hudson's bay —
still so insufficiently known — and to E . i g n i t a Pol. of Europe.

Imago. Length, 9 mm.; wing, 9 mm.; setae of 5, 10 mm. (of <$
wanting) ; of $ subimago, 6.5 nun.

Male imago deep brown, varied with olive green. Antennae
brown; a whitish ring around their bases. Thorax rich dark
brown above and on all carinae, greenish in the sutures and fur-
rows, excepting the median longitudinal furrow. Beside the
median prolongation of the hinder lobe of the mesothorax is a
pair of acute spines, each decurved at tip and about as long as
the space between 1lie.ni is wide. Wings subhya line; veins pale
brownish, as is also the subcosliil space. Legs brown, the femora
sprinkled with distinct blackish dots; fore leg dark, becoming
gradually lighter toward the tip; middle and hind legs paler and
tinged with greenish ; chiws all brown, the obtuse one of each pair
darker than the other.

Abdomen pale brown, except Hie llljli segment which is yellow-
ish, paler on the sutures and thereby appearing ringed; an in-

44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

distinct middorsal row of minute brown longitudinal dashes.
Appendages all In-own, the inner ones augulated and thickened
in the middle and bent upward thereafter to the tip (this appear
ing only in lateral view ; hence, not shown in the figure) ; forceps
(pi. 10, fig.10) strongly directed downward, the basal segment
distinctly ditl'erentiuted, Hie apical segment unusually long and
slender.

The female imago is greenish yellow, with pale whitish legs and
setae. The basal segments of the antennae are brown and there
is a pale brownish tinge to the dorsum of the thorax and the
lateral margins of (he abdomen. Wings hyaline, veins whitish.
The ventral apical lol>e of the 9th abdominal segment surpasses
the tip of the 10(h segment and is obtusely rounded apical ly.

The male subimago is dark greenish brown, darker on the head,
the top of the thorax and the apex of the abdomen; the abdominal
sutures, however, are distinctly paler. Legs pale yellowish or
greenish, the fore tarsus pale brownish. Wings smoky brown.
The two dorsal apines are paler in the <$ subimago and absent
in the $.

The nymph. Length, 9 mm; seta, 4.5 mm, additional. Body
elongated rather slender, depivssed. thinly hairy, widest across
the mesothorax. Head short"; face oblique. Antennae hardly
longer than the head, almost bare. Labrum quadrangular, one
fourth wider than long, emarginate in front and hairy on the front
border, the hairs being longest on the outer angles. Mandibles
short and thick, with the outer canine very broad, .'{-toothed at
apex, the inner canine of equal length but slenderer; molar sur-
face narrow. Maxillary palpus hardly half as long as the laciuia.
Third joint of the labial palpus a conic rudiment.

Thorax flat below, well rounded above; legs short and thinly
hairy; claws (pi. 10. fig.")') with inferior row of about 10 denticles.

Abdomen depressed, its lateral margins serrate by reason of the
flat lateral spines in which the side margins of segments 3-9 ter-
minate. There are two rows of dorsal spines on segments 3-8,
erect laterally, flattened, almost cultriform. Gill lamellae present
on segments 3-7, double; anterior lamina thickened, covering the
delicate posterior one, trapezoidal, obtusely pointed at its inner
apical angle, palmately veined; posterior lamina shorter, thinner,
its margins cut into a small number of fingerlike filaments. The
lamellae regularly overlap, each anterior lamina covering the
basal fifth of the one behind it. that of segment 7 shorter. Setae
closely parallel, slender, fragile, sparingly pilose. Their two
proximal articulations faintly ringed with brown. Color
olivaceous, with a broad band of brown extending from the rear
of the eye to the base of the lateral caudal seta. There is also a
narrow middorsal line of brown on the abdomen.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 45

This species differs in the nymphal stage from the nymph next
described, chiefly the presence of well-developed dorsal hooks and
the absence of black rings on the base of the setae.

Ephemerella unicornis s'p. nov.

Along with the six specimens of E . b i s p i u a came a single
male of another apparently very distinct species, distinguished
at a glance from all the others by an erect conic tubercle upon the
front margin of the middle lobe of the mesothorax. This species
is notably smaller, measuring but 5 mm. in length, with the setae
of the same length and the wing hardly longer. The hind wing
also is marked with a more distinct basal costal angulation than
is common in this genus. The spines beside the backward pro-
longation of the middle lobe of the mesothorax are present also
in this species but apparently not so large. Unfortunately the
specimen, although perfect, is a subimago, and the mature colora-
tion can not be given; it will probably be brownish since in the
subimago it is greenish asiiiE. bispina. The abdominal
appendages are well enough developed to show that the end seg-
ment of the forceps will be much shorter than inE. bispina,
while the inner appendages will probably be of the same type as
in that species, though probably relatively shorter.

Ephemerella sp?, near ignita

This species occurs at Ithaca, but I have thence but a single
nymph. There are two nymphs in the U. S. National Museum
labeled " From stream on Mr Chamberlain's farm, Richfield
Springs, N. Y., May 13, 1837." It is very closely allied to the
European E . i g n i t a , as figured and described by Eaton
(Monograph, pl.40; whole figure copied in Cambridge Natural
History, vol.5, p.43C>, fig.282).

One of the two nymphs from Richfield Springs is apparently
grown. It measures in length 8 mm., setae, 3.5 mm. additional.
Body rather more elongate than in the typical species; eyes lat-
erally prominent; abdomen (pl.ll), n'g.7| strongly depressed, the
usual submedian double row of dorsal tubercles scarcely .indicated.
Lateral spines, thin, flat, sharp, on segments 4-0, a mere tooth on
4. increasing in size thereafter to segment 8, broader and less
sharp on 9. Gills present on segments 4-7, double, on 4 scarcely

4G NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

operculate, overlapping the next behind it hardly more than that
one overlaps its successor. Setae slender, pale, ringed with dark
brown at base, thinly hairy except at base (Plate 10, fig.7).

Ephemerella sp?

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has sent me from Pecos, N. Mex.,
a single nymph of so remarkable form I Plate 9, fig.2). I desire to
make it known herewith. Its affinities are obviously with
Ephemerella e x c r u c i a n s , and it differs from all the
"allies of Ephemerella' figured by Katon from western
North America. Therefore I brielly characterize it here and
present a figure made from a photograph of the single known
immature specimen.

Body excessively tlat and thin, about twice as long as wide,
widest across the middle of the abdomen. Head short and much
narrower than the prothorax; eyes and ocelli dorsal, remote;
antennae short, bare, about as long as the head is wide, composed
of only aibout twelve segments, of which the basal one is as usual
longest and thickest.

All lateral margins very hairy. Prothorax half as long as
wide, straight on front and sides with rather acute front angles,
somewhat widened posteriorly. Legs short ; femora flattened,
widest before the middle and fringed on both margins.

Abdomen short, about as wide as long, excessively flat, with
huge, serrate lateral spines on segments 2-0, increasing in breadth
posteriorly, but longest on the middle segments, all strongly
curved posteriorly. Segments slightly increasing in length suc-
cessively to the 8th, 9 much longer, 10 only about one fifth as
long as 9, but slightly produced on the dorsal side. Gills cov-
ered by an oblong opercular Lamella attached at the apex of
segment 4. Of the underlying gills I have made no exatinination,
not wishing to injure the unique specimen. Setae 3, closely paral-
lel at base, broken in the specimen. Coloration very obscure, the
animal being apparently covered in life by adherent silt, 'but there
is a trace of a brownish ring on the middle of each tibia and
another on each tarsus.

Pecos. New Mexico, July or August 1903.

Professor Cockerell sent me from Pecos also a fine pair of
imagos and these may represent the same species as the nymph
above described. I should have felt inclined to refer these to
Ephemerella inermis Eaton but for the conspicuously
bifid prolongation of the 9th abdominal sternum in the female;

MAY FLTES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 47

this Eaton describes as being entire. Otherwise, there is close
agreement. The length is 7 nun. in male, S mm. in female; setae;
10 mm. in male, C-7 mm. in female. The segments of the male
fore tarsus in order of diminishing length are 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, the
first segment being one fifth as long as the second. The legs
are wholly pale. The setae of the male are strongly ringed with
black except at the extreme tip in the male, wholly pale in the
IV male. The head and thorax and basal segments of antennae
are brown. The abdomen in the male is rufous, paler on the
middle segments, and suffused with brownish apically above; in
the female abdomen there are broadly triangular transverse basal
bands of paler on the middle segments. The posterior prolonga-
tion of the sternum of the 9th segment in the female abdomen is
deeply divided by a wide U-shaped notch. The abdominal appen-
dages of the male are shown in pi. 10, fig.9.

Ephemerella excrucians Walsh

In Bulletin 47 I published a description of the nymph of this
species (pp.425-42G), bred at Saranac Inn. On June 30, 1901,
Mr. J. O. Martin gave me a live nymph which he had just col-
lected from the shore of Cayuga lake, and I reared this also.
Since that time I have received a large number of specimens from
different places in Indiana, notably from Elkhart, sent me by
the late Mr I\. J. Weith. From some of the latter, selected to
show the great variety in depth of color pattern, I have had a
new photographic figure made, which I present herewith (pl.9,
fig.l). It will serve immediately for comparison with the very
different form of nymph found in the species above described.
On pi. 10. lig.S arc represented (he abdominal appendages of the

male imago.

? Caenis allecta, sp. m>v.

This is the commonest species in Fall creek at Ithaca. It
swarmed into trap lanterns hung about the creek during July.
Its nymph lives in the pools and side channels of that turbulent
stream, where the water flows gently among small rock frag-
ments over a bottom thinly strewn with silt. Imagos of our
smallest species, Oa e n i s h i 1 a r i s Say, come to the trap
lanterns with this one, but in smaller numbers; its nymph I have
not found.

XK\V YORK STATE MUSEUM

Imago. I, en- ih. :;.."i-4.5 mm.; setae, about 10 mm. additional;
expanse of wings. S nun.; fore leg of male, 3.5 mm.

(Jeneral color brown, marked with purplish or slaty gray; head
and thorax brown, carinae and margins of ocelli blackish. Wings
hyaline, with the usual purplish streak along the radius for two
thirds its length. Abdomen pale yellowish brown on base and
apex, the middle two thirds washed with gra\ ; some elongate
blackish marks on the lateral margins of the 7th to Oth seg-
ments; setae white; antennae, femora and forceps yellowish;
tibiae and tarsi, except the terminal joint, white. Venation of
the wing and the male forceps as shown in the accompanying
figures (figs.s and 9).

IV. y Venation of wing of yi'aenis allecta
sp. MOV.

Fig. 9 Ventral view of
male abdominal appeml-
ages of VCaenis al-
lecta sp. nov., imago.

Nymph. Length. 1'.." 4 mm.; setae, 1.5 $ to 2 mm.; <$ mm. ad-
ditional.

Color greenish In-own, obscure on the head, with a transverse
broken and obscure line between the paired ocelli, antennae and
legs pale, a pair of brown submedian dots on the prothorax; ab-
dominal segments pale basally and on the sutures; gill covers
darker beyond the Iwisal third; segments 8-10 darker with a mid-
dorsal pale line on 8 and 9. Lateral spines on segments 3-9, flat
and thin, best developed on the middle segments, becoming less
divergent posteriorly and losing their lateral fringes of spinules.
Setae stout at base, rapidly tapering; middle one distinctly longer
in female and shorter in male than the laterals, all with scanty
apical circlets of spinules on the segments. Legs scantily and
abdomen copiously beset with short hair that is usually covered
with adherent silt.

Aside from the not very satisfactory differences of coloration,
this nymph, differs from that of C. d, i m i n u t a in having the
sides of the prothorax parallel; in diminuta the prothorax is
widened anteriorly, and in having a greater part of the abdomen
covered by the opercular lamella; in this species that lamella

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

covers part of the 8th segment ; in d i in i n u t a it does not wholly
cover the 7th segment.

Were it not that these differences of structure of the nymph
are so slight I should have thought a separate genus necessary
for this new species; for the differences in venation and in the
genitalia are certainly as great as usually serve for generic
separation. These principal differences may be tabulated as
follows:

Character

Caenis diminuta,
hilaris, etc.

C. allecta

Anal veins

disconnected

conjoined basally

Vein Mo

absent

present

Crossveins

uniserial

pluriserial

Forceps of male. . . .

one-jointed

three-jointed

Basis

straight edged .

bilobed at sides and emarginate

in the middle

Among some mayflies that were kindly collected for me bj
Mrs Mary Rogers Miller at Thousand Island Park, on the St
Lawrence river, are a number of typical specimens of our two
previously described species, C. diminuta Walker and
C. hilaris Say, that fit the descriptions exactly. In ordet
to promote accuracy in the determination of the most difficult
forms, I have prepared the drawings herewith presented (pl.ll,
figs.3-6) of the wings and male genitalia of these species. It
will be observed by comparing the wings with Eaton's figures
that in venational characters ? C. allecta agrees better* with
the Europaean genus Tcicorythus and the South Ameri-
can genus L e p t o p h y e s , than with Caenis . But there
are disagreements also with these, and the <$ genitalia and
nymphs of these are as yet not certainly known.

Leptophlebia praepedita Ktn. ?

This species, hitherto known only from New Hampshire and
not yet reported from New York State, is common about Lake
Forest, Illinois, where I have found it in three quite diverse
situations: 1) in the Skokie (north branch of Chicago river), a
sluggish creek flowing through open meadows and marshes;

50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

2) McCorniick ravine, where a puny stream, overhung with
witch-hazel and dogwood, Hows between deep banks through a
hardwood forest; and :!i in a glacial pothole, grown full of
buttoubush (Ce p ha 1 a n 1 li n si on die top of a moraine. In
all these situations the \\aler is fairly permanent, disappearing
only in seasons of e\i reme droulli.

The species appeals to be dim-mil in i(s habits. Males may
be found in abundance sin ing <>n top of the leaves of shrubs be-
side the water, or Iliitini; over tin-in in the bright sunshine,
quickly gathering in companies and dam-in^ up and down, and as
quickly dispersing and sei i liu- again. Tln-\ lly at low elevation,
and are easily taken in large numbers in a net, and are as easily
swept when at rest from tin- witch -hazel leaves.

I found tin- species tirst in the Skokie May 8, 1901. There
were then a very few subimagos on the wing, and a bed of
mixed ranunculus and polygouuni in the water was fairly
swarming with the nymphs. I took a large number home and
{•laced them in a bowl of water, where they began transforming
the next day. The subimago stage lasts about 24 hours.

When Eaton described the species he had some doubts as to
whether it should go in Le p t o p h 1 e b i a; but the characters
of the nymph are in essential agreement with those of the typi-
cal species of Leptophlebia, and thus confirm the refer-
ence of the species to thai genus. In pi. 11, h'g.l, is represented
the venation, and in fig.2 the J1 abdominal appendages are shown.

The nymph. Length of body. (l.r» mm.; antennae 2 mm. and
setae 6 mm. additional. J.ody slender, scarcely depressed, widest
across the mesothorax. smooth. Face nearly vertical, ocelli in
front, eyes rather small situated just before the hind angles of
the head; antennae pale, basal segments rather stout, the follow-
ing ones rather tapering to slender and very fragile tips. Mouth
parts very similar to those of Choroterpes, shown on
pi. 5, the maxillae more oblique on the end of the combined
lacinia-galea, and lacking the pectinated spine tipping the former;
the palpi, however, are three-jointed beyond the basal palpiger,
and the palpi of the labinm are two-jointed ; thus the conditions
of segmentation in these appendages are reversed in the two
forms; this segmentation, however, is often very indistinct, and
more or less evidence of division of the last segment when there
appear to be but two are generally discoverable in all the palpi.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Legs rather short, nearly bare; femora scarcely flattened, but
somewhat concave on the side applied to the body; pale brownish,
paler at the sutures. Whig1 cases reaching posteriorly as far as
the apex of the 3d abdominal segment.

Abdomen very slightly depressed, regularly tapering posteriorly,
its segments very slightly increasing in length to the 9th, the 10th
a little shorter on the dorsum, where produced 'backward in a
rounded lobe, one half shorter at the sides; short lateral spines
on segments 8 and 9, larger on 9, the lateral angles of the pre-
ceding segments obtuse.

Gills present on segments 1-7, double, similar, or slightly
longer on the middle segments, divided in nine tenths of their
length into two long, slender, simple tapering filaments, pig-
mented with purplish along the tracheae. (Setae 3, equal, nearly
bare at base and sparingly whorled with spinules beyond, grad-
ually tapering to long slender tips.

General color olivaceous, paler below, with a very narrow
median pale line on head and prothorax, a median row of pale spots
on the abdomen of the female becoming larger posteriorly, and a
pair of spots either side on segments 3-9, becoming confluent with
the median one on 9 ; male darker and more uniformly brown.

May 8, 27, 30, 31 ; June 13, 14, 18.

Heptageninae

I deem it necessary to state that I have scarcely entered into
the study of this interesting and difficult complex of interrelated
forms, having dealt at first hand only
with those species in whose life his
tories I have become interested. The
foregoing keys for this group of genera
are based largely on characters culled
from Eaton's Monograph, and these are
but a few of the many characters
therein given, and the value of these
few as absolute distinctions of closely
allied genera I have not personally
tested. This group should furnish a
most inviting field for some special
student, especial^ here in North America, where it is so abuud
antly represented.

In this group the independent specialization of the nymphs is
extreme. Their life is relatively long, and the conditions under

l-'iv. 10 Ventral view of male
abdominal appendages of Ec-
<l y ii r n s in aculipennls
Walsli, imago; f, forceps; i, in-
ner appendages

NEW YORK STATE MTTSEUM

which they dwell are very diverse. The conditions of adult life
are, however, much the same in all; and we find the adults much
more alike. The beginner will certainly find them much more

difficult to distinguish, and would
do well to study nymphs and adults
together. The critical diagnosis of
the species will doubtless rest on the
highly individualized genital arma-
ture of the male. A suggestion of
the strength and definiteness of the
characters presented by these parts
may be had from reference to the
accompanying figure of the male for-
ceps and inner appendages of E c d y u r u s m a c u 1 i p e n n i s
(fig.10). These project strongly from the ventral side of the apex
of the abdomen, and are easily separated therefrom in fresh or

Fig. 11 Tarsul claws of nymphs of
Hep tag eninae ; w, of Hepta-
genia inter punctata Say; x,
of R h i t h r o g e n a e 1 c g a n t a 1 a
Etn. V; y, of Iron sp '/ from <'<>>•
Glen, Ithaca; z, of EC dy in us
maculipenuis Walsh; bind
claws in curb case; middle ones
would be similar; front ones some-
times different

Fig. 12 Labra of nymphs of Hepta-
geninae; h, of IronspV from Coy Glen,
Ithaca; i, of Rhithrogena elegan-
tula Etn. V; j, of Ecdyurus maculi-
pennis Walsh; k, of Heptagenia
interpunctata Say

Fig. 13 Mandibles of nymphs of Hepta-
geninae; c, of Rhithrogena elegan-
tula Etn. ?; d, of Iron spV from Coy
Glen, Ithaca; e, of Ecdyurus maculi-
p e n n i s Walsh ; f, of Heptagenia
interpunctata Say

alcoholic specimens by a longitudinal snip with a pair of fine
scissors. They may then be permanently mounted on a slide as
microscopic preparations so as to give a square ventral view.
It is from preparations so made that all the figures of the male
appendages in this paper have been drawn.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

The nymphs in this subfamily are recognizable at a glance by
their dorsal ly placed eyes, with the lateral flaring margins of the
sides of the head projecting beneath them. They are all strongly
depressed also, and have lateral pectinations to the tarsal claws
(fig.ll). aiding them doubtless in clinging to their supporting
surfaces washed by currents of streams or waves of shores.
Further than this, however, there is very great diversity among
them, and E c d y ui r u s , Iron and R h i t h r o< g e n a . fur-
nish a most interesting ill list ration of a special adaptation to
life in torrents. In K <• d y n r u s (pl.10, fig.3) the gill lamellae

I Fig. 14 Maxillae of nymphs of Heptageninae ; m, of Iron sp ? from Coy Glen,
Ithaca; n. of Heptagenia interpunctata Say; o, of Rhithrogena elegan-
tula Etn. ': ; p, of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh

are all divergent and the gill filaments are beneath their bases.
In Iron (pi. 10, figs.G and 7) and in Khithrogena (pl.10,
fig.4 and 5) the abdomen is more limpet-shaped, and the gill lamel-
lae form a closely overlapping series whose outer border fits the
supporting surface to which the nymph dings as closely as do also
the flaring lateral and front margins of the head; but this is not
all, the gills have migrated outward and now lie upon the bases
of the lamellae, exposed on the outside to the stream of water
which now dashes over, but does not flow beneath the lamellae.
Furthermore, by the enlargement and approximation beneath
the thorax of the foremost lamellae and by the depression and
inward curvature beneath the tip of the abdomen of the hind-
most of them, there is formed beneath the abdomen a disk for

.'. I NEW YORK STATi: M TSEUM

adhesion to the surfaces of the stones, fairly well developed in
Iron, very perfect iii Rhithrogeua. So complete is its
border that when applied to the surface of a stone, any elevation
of the abdomen would create a partial vacuum beneath it. It
doubtless serves in a different way tin- saint- purpose as the row
of smaller discs po>se>sed by the larva of tin- m-i winged midge
(B 1 e p h a r o c c r a), found in the same situations; and among
anatomical shifts for a living is one uf the most remarkable
known to me.

The three figures of mouth parts of nymphs of the four genera
hereinafter described (figs. 12, 13 and 14) show very considerable
structural dill'erein-'-s. It is because of the remarkable definite-
ness of such minute parts as the canines of the mandible that I
have been able to determine with certainly some of the elements
of the food of nymphs of C h i r o t e n e t e s a 1 b o m a n i -
c a t u s , its food being all reduced to very minute fragments.

Heptagenia interpunctata Say

This is the commonest species in Fall creek at Ithaca, with
E. m a c u 1 i ]> e n n i s a close second. Both species swarm into
trap lanterns set about the creek during July — mostly subimagos
just risen from the water. During the daytime imagos are easily
found sitting on the vegetation along the sides of the gorge.
H. interpunctata is also a common species on the shore
of Lake Michigan near my home in Lake Forest, being very
abundant along shore in the latter part of August, associated
with II. flavipennis Walsh, and a few scattering speci-
mens may be taken as late as September.

The rather well marked color pattern of the wing of this species
is shown in the photograph reproduced in Plate 4, fig.4.

The nymphs of this species are found in all the streams about
Ithaca in rapid water under large stones. They are distinguish-
able at a glance from those of all other species by the black
markings of the under side, shown in pl.G, fig.3.

The nymph. (Pl.G, fig.3). Length of full grown female nymph,
9.5 mm.; antenna. 2 mm., and setae, 11 mm. additional.

Body strongly depressed, widest across the head, but with the
sides behind the head parallel to the middle of the abdomen,
thence tapering rather rapidly to the base of the setae.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 55

Head flat, almost orbicularly rounded, limuloid, the iiifero-
lateral margins thin, flat, flaring, fringed with de>curved hairs.
Eyes distinctly dorsal, the lateral margins of the head projecting
beneath them. Antennae minute, hardly longer than the head,
the basal segments ibrown and the remainder pale.

Mouth parts as shown in figs. 12h, 13f and 14n.

Prothorax with its declined and flaring lateral margins decur-
rent upon the sides of the imesothorax ; legs short ; femora much
flattened, and with well -developed posterior fringes of hair; simi-
lar fringes on middle and hind tibiae, l>ut scarcely developed of
fore tibiae.

Abdomen rather short, strongly depressed, and much ta.pering
beyond the 7th segment; lateral spines on segments 2-9, on 3-5
minute, on 6-9 strong, straight and sharp, longest on 7 and 8, the
tip of that on 8 reaching the level of the middle of the 9th seg-
ment. Segments of the abdomen diminishing slightly in length
to the 7th, the 8th and 9th, then successively a little longer ; 10th
produced in a rounded posterior loibe.

Gills represented on segments 1-7, on 1-6 double, consisting of
an anterior protecting lamina and a posterior basal one, mar-
gined with respiratory filaments, whose tips are visible at the
inner margin of the lamina. Gill lamella on 1 Oblong, somewhat
oblique, with a small lotoe beside the basal attachment on the
side next the median line of the body; on 2-6 similar, becoming
somewhat more elongate and less oblique; posterior lamina with
its outer two fifths cut into a border of 1-2 branched respiratory
filaments. On segment 7 there is a simple linear lanceolate fila-
ment (representing the anterior lamina only) whose tip reaches
the level of the apex of the 9th abdominal segment.

Setae long, slender and very hairy for more than half their
length, the hairs distinctly shorter externally; tips pale, whitish,
ringed with darker and nearly destitute of hair.

o »/

'Coloration olivaceous or greenish brown, darker on head on
sides of prothorax and on dorsum of abdominal segments 6 and
10. On the head there is a pale spot ibefore the middle ocellus,
another one Ibetween each lateral ocellus and the eye, and an
oblique pale streak extends from the eye to the margin below it.
A pale, narrow middorsal line extends from the rear of the head
to the meta thorax. The legs are pale, with two broad light-brown
.bands on each of the femora. On each of the exposed abdominal
segments is a transverse pale basal area which includes on each
segment, except the 6th, a pair of brownish dots; these dots are
elongated into longitudinal dashes on segments 8 and 9. Abdo-
men beneath conspicuously barred with brown (pl.9, fig.3),
one angulated bar on each segment, the bars interrupted in the

5G M:\V YOUK STATK .MI'SKCM

middle on both basal and apical segments, but best defined
apical ly.

Bred at Ithaca Isth July. I'.mi.

Heptagenia sp. no. ::

The nymph of this species was nut bred. Like the two
preceding it is strongly marked and easily nvogni/ed. It
occurs in the larger streams, clinging to rueks in the swiftest
currents.

The nymph, i Pl.r>. liu. l.i Length, in mm.; antenna. l\ mm.,
and setae l.'i mm. additional.

Body rather elongate, scarcely wider across the head than
across the mesothorax. Head strongly depressed, evenly rounded
in front, with flaring infero lateral margins, dilated at the sides
and distinctly visible untside the e\es. Antennae slender. pale.
Prothurax slightly narrowed pusteriurly. its margins flaring,
dilated. Legs moderate, pale; femora with indistinct median
and apical darker bands, and with a scanty development of the
usual posterior fringes of hair. \\ings reaching the level of the
base of the 4th abdominal segment.

Abdomen regularly tapering posteriorly. Segments 8-10 slightly
diminishing in length. Id a little produced on the dorsal side, and
produced in a sharp triangular spine on each lateral margin;
lateral spines developed only on segments 7 -!l. Ix-st developed on S.

Gills represented on segments 1-7. on 1-fi double, consisting of
an anterior protecting lamella and a posterior respiratory
lamella whose border is cut into a long fringe of branching gill
filaments; upper lamella obliquely oval, produced at the tip into
an acute spine-like point, becoming broader distally (obovate) on
4 and 5, and narrower again on (>. On segment 7 there is a
simple linear hairy filament, obtuse at the apex and hardly reach-
ing the level of the base of the lateral spine on the 8th segment.

Setae 3, long and hairy, the hairs becoming whorled and finally
obsolete toward the tip.

The distinctive features of the color pattern are shown in the
photographs reproduced in pl.9, fig.4. These are a broad
pale middorsal band divided with brown on the posterior
abdominal segments, lateral pale dashes at the sides of the
abdominal segments, and a brown longitudinal dash either side
of segments 8 and 9 below.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 57

Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh

As remarked under the account of the II e p t a g e 11 i a
interpunctata, this species was found commonly in Fall
creek, at Ithaca. Its larvae were more commonly found at the
edges of the stream ; those of that species oftener in the current,
but both often occurred together. This is a dainty little species
with narrow wings, conspicuously marked with black on the
crossveins (pl.4, fig.3). My 'bred specimens bear the dates July
9th, 13th and 14th, 1901.

The nymph. (IM.7, fig.3.) Length, 7 mm.; antennae, 2 mm.,
and setae, 5 mini, additional.

Body strongly depressed, elongate triangular in outline, widest
across the dilated, depressed and squarish frous, and rather regu-
larly tapering posteriorly; head rather flat above; paired ocelli
larger and more approximate a'bove in the male than in the fe-
male; antennae slender and short. Mouth parts as shown in
figs.l2j, 13e and 14p.

Legs short, femora flattened, with a thin external fringe of
hairs; tibiae slender and somewhat tapering; wing cases reach-
ing the level of the apex of the 3d abdominal segment; abdomen
rather short and slender, slowly tapering to the apex, middle seg-
ments longest, segments 8 and 9 slightly shorter, 10 again longer
on the dorsal side, but shorter at the sides and .below; lateral
spines present on segments 5-9, longest on 6 and 7, straight and
sharp; setae divaricate, the median one in the mature nymph more
slender; the apical rings of brown on the segments of the setae
are alternately (broader and narrower, and the apical whorls of
setae are excessively short.

General color pattern olive brown, mottled with pale greenish,
darker on head and prothorax, divided by a median narrow pale
line, and varied upon the sides with pale hieroglyphics; abdomen
with pale and indistinct fenestrate markings along the sides. In
the male there are broad dorsal blotches on the dorsum of seg-
ments 4 and 5; in the female, on segments 7, 8 and 9.

Iron sp?

This species has not been bred. It is found in Coy Glen — a
spring-fed stream near Ithaca, possessing a rich and peculiar
fauna. Among our forms hitherto made known this species is
peculiar in the possession of but two caudal setae in the nyrnphal
stage. I have a number of nymphs collected years ago, from
which, unfortunately, the date label lias become detached.

r.s NEW YOI;K STATI: MTSIMM

The nymph. (P1.7. ligs.r, and T.I Length, apparently full
gn>\\ n. !i nun.; antenna. l..~ nun.. :iml setae, !» nun. addit ional.

Body elongate, ^trough depressed, widest across the front of
ihr licad and the incus. .1 horax. ilirsr iM-ing of about equal width;
head widest an-oss the front well before the e\es, and strongly
narrowed posteriorly to tin- obtuse hind angles; infero lateral
margins of tin- head iliin and llaring a^ usual, and closely fringed
with hairs; antennae short, slender, pale. Mouth parts as shown
in ligs.lL'h. i::d and 1 hn.

Itorsiini of the proihorax a liiile produced laterally, and angu-

late obtusely in the middle of ihe *ides. Legs i lei-ale, tibiae

and femora all with \\ell developed external fringes of hair;
femora \er\ moderately llaiieiied ami dilated, the fore femora
most so; tarsal da\\ peciinaie. there being t \\ o to four minute
teeth at its anterior border before the apex ili^.lb/i. The \\ in^
cases reach the base of i he hh abdominal segment.

Abdomen rejrularh tapering posteriorly, its se-ments increas-
ing in length lo ihe middle. Tun lateral s|>ines each side of
seu'iiieiiis L' i! and one on segment 7. all stout, triangular, and
directed outward.

(lills represented on segments 1 7: on 1 a very largo, broadly
and obtusely triangular Hap of membrane shaped like the gill
scoop of a crawlish. attached by the middle of one of the sides.
its front end extending foruard and 1\ ing against the base of the
hind leg. its hind end o\erlapping the succeeding gill lamella.
On segments L' 7 the lamellae are ovoid, dorsally carinate, ob-
tusely pointed membranous plates, each with regularly arcuate
front margin overlapping the hind margin of the one on the pre-
ceding segment, and each bearing at its base a tuft of 7-15 short,
finger-liko gill filaments. The lamellae diminish in breadth pos-
teriorly, and become less divaricate in pairs, and the tips of the
7th pair are curved beneath the abdomen.

Setae 2. rather short and stout, the median seta being repre-
sented by a minute triangular rudiment. The tips of the develop-
ing male forceps project beyond the apex to the 10th segment.

This remarkable nymph dwells in the swiftest parts of the
stream, and its whole organization exhibits the most wonderful
adaptation to life in such a place; the extra grappling armature
appended to its claws and especially its flattened form with
thin rr/f/r.s all tin ir,/,/ around closely applicable to the supporting
surface, and admirably adapted to divert the flow of the water.
Probably the oval enclosure of the gill lamellae of the ventral side
of the abdomen acts as a sort of sucker, and holds the animal

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 59

securely to the rock surface. The net winged midge B 1 e p h a r -
o c e r a is the commonest associate of this species in Coy Glen.

This is another genus that has not hitherto been known east-
ward of the Rocky mountains.

Rhithrogena elegantula Etu ?

For the sake of illustrating a still more perfect development
of the ventral abdominal disk framed with gill lamellae,, as well
as illustrating the variety of form in this group, I insert here a
figure and a brief description of a nymph from Twin Lakes,
Colorado, sent me for study by Mr Chauncey Juday, collected in
the summer of 1902 :

The nymph. (P1.7, figs.4 and 5.) Length of full grown female
nymph, 10 mm.; male, 9 mm.; antennae and setae broken. Body
short, stout, flat, narrowly elliptical behind the dilated head;
head widest across the eyes, semicircular in outline, its thin
lateral margins naked; behind the widest portion the sides con-
verge with very great abruptness to the hind margin; antennae
short and stout and bare, the joinings of the segments becoming
oblique apically. Mouth parts as shown on figs.121, 13c and 14o.

Prothorax three to four times as wide as long, produced at the
sides in an obtuse projecting angle; legs rather short and nearly
bare, the femora moderately curved and flattened with a fringe
of rather stiff, very short bristles on the curving superior carina;
each of the claws with a basal lateral tooth (fig.lla?).

Abdomen short and ovate; gill plates on segments 1-7 mem-
branous, white, obtuse, closely superposed at their broadly over-
lapping edges, bearing copious tufts of long, simple gill filaments
at their bases above. The anterior ends of the lamellae of the 1st
segment meet beneath the jnetaihorax, and the incurved tips of
those of the 7th segment meet beneath the slightly upcurved tip
of the abdomen. Setae in male 2, with a rudimentary middle one,
in female 3 well-developed, bare, the median paler than the others;
extreme bases of setae brown, like the general integument of the
bod}'.

EPHEMERINAE

Since the publication of bulletin 47 I have made no new breed-
ings in this subfamily, but my friend Mr W. E. Howard of
Ottawa, TIL, has mi red and studied our I* o I y ni i t a r c y s
a 1 b u s Say and has prepared at my request the following

GO NK\V YottK STATF. MI'SKCM

account of that interesting species, which differs in some respects
from the well-known P o 1 \ m i l a r <• \ s virgo oiiv:

Polymitarcys albus Say

r.Y \V. K. HOWAKI)

This description was undertaken at tlie re.jin si of Prof. ]SVed-
ham, who idcniiiicd tlie imago for me. Without his kind assist-
ance in this respect, as well as in many others, it would not have
Ix-en prepared.

Nymphs of P. a 1 h u s are abundant in both the Illinois and
Fn\ rivers at Ottawa. These rivers How at this place over bot-
toms of solid sandstone, with bars of loose sand ac.-umulatcd in
the eddies. The streams are swift in the main currents, and the
nymphs of this sjKK-ies are to be found under Hat stones at the
edge of swift water when about ready to transform. It was
from two such situations that most of my collections were made,
from which I succeeded in breeding a single specimen. 1 have
seen the subimagos emerge and arise from the surface of tin-
water in great numbers, but always just far enough out from the
shore, so that the nymph skins were immediately swept into the
current, where they disappeared before they could be procured.
The difficulty in collecting the skins from the natural breeding
places is further heightened by the emergence occurring during
the evening twilight.

According to my observation, not only this species but all
others observed invariably emerge from the nymph skin at the
surface of the water and leave the skin afloat. This makes the
collecting of the sloughs a much more difficult task than in the
case of stonerties and dragonflies.

My collections indicate that this is a midsummer species in
northern Illinois. My bred specimen is dated June 22. None of
the images in my collections shows an earlier date than this, but
I have nymphs which are evidently near to transforming which
were collected the first week of June. Imagos and subimagos of
the collections are scattered all through July, but August 5th
shows them most abundant. At about this date they were ob-
served in swarms. By the end of August they are much less
numerous, and I have no collections which are as late as Sep-
tember.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 61

The snbiniago stage lasts 24 hours, arid when the final emergence
takes place the subimago alights on some object near the edge
of the stream, where it transforms in less than a minute. The
skin of the subimago remains attached to the bases of the setae
of the imago and in this manner is carried out over the stream by
the flying insect, where it is finally released after some minutes.

The adult of this species is briefly described in Eaton's Mono-
graph, p.47. The habitat given there is Passaic river, Belle-
ville, N. J. (Williamson) ; Winnipeg river (Say) ; Red river of
the north and New York (Hagen). This seems to indicate a
rather wide distribution for P . a 1 b u s in the eastern and
northern United States, but during the summer of 1903 I made
collections from several of the boulder and limestone streams
tributary to the Wabash in Indiana without obtaining a single
specimen.

The nymph. Length, 14-16 mm.; antennae, 3.5-4 mm., and
setae, 7-8 mm. Body depressed^ widest across pro thorax where
the thin lateral margins project; eyes prominent and lateral;
three somewhat crescent-shaped ocelli arranged in the form of a
broad-based triangle; antennae many-jointed, 'bearing a whorl of
minute bristles at the apical ends of the joints, the first two
joints much stouter and the joints 4-8 decidedly shorter than the
others, projecting beyond the mandibular tusks by a little less
than half the length of the latter; mandibular tusks about 2.5
mm. long, stout at base, narrowing rather abruptly near the mid-
dle, the slender distal half tapering gradually to the acute,
slightly out-curved tip; the basal half of tusk is thickly set with
stout, acute spines, being less numerous on the slender distal
portion, and entirely disappearing at about one third the distance
from the tip; a few long hairs are borne on the outer side near
the base; mandible stout, bearing two prominent tridentate fangs
on its anterior surface nearly parallel with the distal half of the
tusk, the middle tooth of each the longest; the endopodite arising
from Hie base of the inner fang is inclined toward the molar
surface, and bears a brush of long hairs on its inner side near
the tip; the la.brum is about half as long as broad, slightly
emarginale in front, and thickly covered with fine hairs; maxillae
somewhat slender, the outer basal portion fringed with stiff hairs;
the maxillary palpi three jointed I>esides the short pedicel, the
second joint the shortest, the third joint aibout as long as the
first and second together; outer side of third joint bearing a few
long hairs, the stoutest ones being near the distal extremity, the

ti- \K\V YoiiK STATK MI'SKf.M

inner side covered with liner ones; the firsl joint fringed with
short, still' hairs on outer side only; the galea truncate at the tip,
Avhich is densely fringed with tine hairs, inner margin with fe\\er
sioni hairs, and the inner distal angle hearing a few stout spines;
the labium \\ilh three-jointed palpi, the large ovate galeae with
their lips projecting a little In-yond the tips of the small lanceo-
late laciniae, both galeae and laciniae pilose.

Thorax depressed, widest across prothorax where the pronotnin
is continued laterally into a wide, thin margin, each margin end-
ing anteriorally with a prominent acute process. The wing pads
reach to about the base of the third abdominal segment. The
legs are rather long, the foreleg being the longest; the fore
femora stand almost at right angles to the long axis of the body,
the middle femora at about 4."» . and the hind femora closely ap-
pressed and nearly parallel with the bod \ ; the fore femur bears
three or four rows of short ^pines on its anterior side, and a few
stout hairs on its posterior side near the distal extremity; the
fore tibia is long, and iis inner side, as well as that of the
tarsus, bears a fringe of long hairs; the former bears at its inner
apical extremity a long, pointed process closely a p pressed against
the inner side of the base of the tarsus; the inner sides of the
fore tibia and tarsus both In-ar a number of small, sharp spines,
being the most prominent on the tarsus and the apical process of
the tibia.

Abdomen long and gradually tapering from about the third
segment, tenth segment about as long as wide. (Jills present on
segments 1-7. each gill inserted on a lateral prominence bearing
a minute tooth just in front of the gill base, the lateral promi-
nence located just in front of the lateral, hinder angle of the
segment, directed outward at an angle of about 45° to the long
axis of the body; the first pair of gills small, single and spatu-
late, with minute fringes, are curved upward against the body
and are nearly concealed beneath the edges of the wing pads; the
other gills are double and shaped somewhat like a tuning-fork,
the two branches linear acuminate, about equal in length, the
outer branch bearing a. rounded prominence at its basal end at
the outer side; the respiratory filaments long, linear, about one
third the length the gill lamina.

Setae about half the length of the body, plumose throughout
the greater part of their length, and then tail-pointed, the median
seta not so stout at the base as the others.

'Colors of the body chiefly brOwn, amber on legs and thin mar-
gins of the body, an amber stripe along the dorsal median line
of the abdomen ; a brown band on each femur near the distal
extremity, and a small brown blotch near the base of each.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 63

NORTH AMERICAN HYDROPTILIDAE

HY KENNETH J. MORTON, F. E. S. (LONDON)

Some time ago Professor Betten sent to me several tubes con-
taining a large number of examples of Hydroptilidae
collected at Ithaca, N. Y. The examination of these has re-
vealed quite an unexpected wealth of species, so many indeed
that they should form a very satisfactory basis from which to
start on the investigation of the North American forms com-
prised in this wonderful family. With the approval of Profes-
sor Needham and Professor Betten, I have here undertaken the
attempt to describe the species found at Ithaca, and further ad-
ditional material has been received from Illinois (Needham) and
from New Mexico (Cockerell). A few specimens from the col-
lection of the late lamented Mr. R. McLachlan, London, have also
passed through my hands.

The condition of the material, preserved as it is in alcohol,
puts a limitation on the character of the descriptions. The ex-
ternal fades- of the perfect insects is practically lost, most of the
hairy clothing having been rubbed off. To a great extent, there-
fore, the descriptions will be confined to the details of the J1
genitalia, and even with regard to these I may add that much
better preparations could have been made from dried specimens.
After all the external f acies affords very little aid in the determi-
nation of the species, although in collecting these insects in a
restricted area one learns to know them by their appearance.
In the meantime only the males are dealt with. The difficulty
of associating with the respective males the true females of say
six species of H y d r o p t i 1 a found in the same tube is one
that will appeal to any one who ha® ever made the attempt.
Eaton's memoir on the family (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon., 1873,
pp.125-150) was the first which dealt with these minute insect
forms after the newer methods. McLachlan in his Monographic
Krrixitiii (itnl N////o/>.s-/.s- <>f lite Tr/<-/i<>/>/ era <>f /lie European Fauna
(London 1874-1880) gives ;i full general account of the family and
good descriptions of the European species which were then
known to him. As the best general account existing, McLach-
lan's work forms the basis for the present paper as regards

G4 NKW YORK STATE .MISKKM

genera, etc. Since Mel.achlan's work appcan d. much has been
done towards obtaining a better knowledge <>t' tin- family from
different points of view, and our information is now much more
detailed and exact with respect to the structure and morphologi-
cal value of the so-called appendages, this improvement being
largely due to the more extended use of microscopical prepara-
tions in studying these insects; and something has also been
learned concerning the early stages of the lives of these tiny
creatures which, as larvae, construct curious habitations of
most diverse forms. As contributors to this knowledge may be
mentioned the names of Klapalek. Kis, and the writer of the
present notice.

(Quoting from McKadilan iop. cit. |)..".n:!i: "The minute insects
comprised in this family may be just ly termed Mi cm T rich op I era,
for the largest European form expands to no more than in mm.,
the smallest to only 3i mm. Where they occur they usually
swarm in great numbers, running with extreme rapidity, and
very difficult to capture. Although ihe_\ occasionally appear to
delight in warm sunshine, they are more especially crepuscular
or even nocturnal, and are attracted by light to such an extent
that the walls and ceilings of rooms near water are often dotted
with these dark atoms which have entered by open windows.''

The largest measurements are attained in A gray lea and
A 1 1 o t r i c h i a . no species of which is here described. The
average expanse may be set down as 5-7 mm., the females as a
rule being slightly larger than the males in a given locality.

The following table of the genera is taken from McLachlan's
Revision CDK! synopsis of Ein-o/x nn Triclwptcra, ipp.50-4-5, with
the addition of a new genus which is described on p. 72.

A Wings broader, subobtuse, the posterior with no costal elevation or ex-
cision. (Xeuration tolerably complete; spurs 0, 3, 4 ; ocelli present

and distinct) Agraylea

B Wings narrower, often acute or snbacute ; the posterior with a more or
less decided costal elevation followed by an excision
a Spurs 0, 3, 4

b Ocelli present and distinct

c Neuration tolerably complete Allot richia

cc Neuration less complete

d Wings scarcely acuminate Ithyt richia

dd Wings strongly acuminate Oxyethira

6b Ocelli absent (wings acuminate) Orthotrichia

MAY FLIES AND MI DUES OF NEW YORK 05

aa Spurs 0, 2, 4 (ocelli absent; wings scarcely acuminate; bead

with elevated lobes posteriorly) Hydroptila

11 a a Spurs 1, 2, 4 (ocelli present, wings acuminate, but scarcely

acute) Stactobia

aaaa Spurs 0, 2, 3 (ocelli present ; wings acuminate) ..Neotrichia

ID. ignoring the three species referred to in Hageu's Synopsis,
pp. 2745, I have followed a course far from satisfactory to myself,
but the only one possible in the circumstances. Whether these
species can now be satisfactorily elucidated depends altogether
on the condition of the types.

Mr. McLachlan informs me that the C y 1 1 e n e in i n u t i s -
s i m e 1 1 a of Chambers proved to be lepidopterous.

Unless otherwise stated the locality is Ithaca, N. Y.

HYDROPTILA

The genus Hydroptila, as at present constituted, con-
tains many European species, and it is highly probable that the
North American forms.will prove to be more numerous. A glance
at the figures of the appendages will however serve to show that
the genus is, in respect of these important parts, far from homo-
geneous, and it will no doubt sooner or later be split up into
two or more genera. The typical form may be taken as that
represented by H y d r o p t i 1 a s p a r s a Curt., the nearest
American form being H. consimilis. In this group there
is a large somewhat campanulate dorsal plate, regarded by
McLachlan as the united superior appendages.

1. Hydroptila consimilis n. sp.

The <$ appendages as far as they can be described from the
available specimens, are as follows: A large dorsal plate, convex
above, notched on its outer margin, and the angles of the plate
seen from above appear to be acutely produced, viewed from
the side they are seen to be rounded. Side pieces of the last
segment produced into somewhat curved subacute processes.
Inferior appendages nearly parallel, blades slightly outturned at
the tip which is pointed and blackened; the inner margin is
oblique near the apex; a small wart on the inner margin before
the apex ; the outer or upper margin bears a row of short spinous
hairs. The penis considerably below the apex has a strong
curved acute process. Ventral lamina short.

lid M:\V YOKK si \ 1-1: MI SKI M

Tliis species, as has bci'U indit -ated, is close to II. s p a r s a ,
but dillVrs from that species in minor details, and particularly
in (In- process on tin- p<-ms. this process in H . sparsa being
smaller and nearer ilie lip of the organ.

Ithaca. N. V.. and I'.eltra-c. Texas.

2. Hydroptila delineatus n. sp.

This species has the lol.es on (lie head enormously developed.
The antenna- are about i'.l jointed in the g.

Tile las! dorsal segment appears to I »e deeply excised, the excision

being followed liy a large semit rans|iarent plate ditticult to sep-
arate from ihe basal portion of the appendages, but apparently
having a small submariiinal projection on either side of a larger
median one, but the outline of the plate is rather uncertain. The
inferior appendages are nearly parallel, the apex ouiiiirned and
upturned: the apical portion seen from the side has the lower
angle someuhat produced while the upper part of the apex forms
a kind of knob which in some positions shows a slight angle on
its anterior side. Arising from the upper side of these append-
ages is a long spirally curved acute process which winds itself
round the under side of the apical lobe. On the outer (or lower)
edge of the apj emlages. near their middle, is a slightly raised part
bearing two or three spinous hairs. Ventral lamina short.

This species can be determined without dilliculty from the
\entral aspect of the appendages. It has no very near known
ally.

3. Hydroptila spatulata n. sp.

The dorsal plate in the <$ narrower than in consimilis,
deeply notched in the posterior margin. Inferior appendages
approximated at the base, slightly curved outwards and down-
wards, superior edge with a few spines; apex apparently scabrous.
Side pieces of the last segment produced into rather long sub-
acute processes. The penis, usually much exserted, with a flat-
tened rounded apex, immediately below which is a small acute
process placed at right angles. Ventral lamina very long and
slender, slightly swollen at the apex when viewed from the side,
the outer margin obliquely truncate, blackish and roughened. No
verv near allv known to me.

.MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OK NEW YORK 67

4. Hydroptila hainata n. sp.

The dorsal plate in the male is small, broadest in the middle,
apex excised. Beneath it there is a small rounded penis-cover.
The appendages are narrow, finger-shaped, aristate and widely
divergent. Two strong hooks visible at the posterior margin of
the last ventral plate or segment. The penis is very slender,
curved at the apex and accompanied by a slender sheath of equal
length. Ventral lamina very long; in lateral outline somewhat
club-shaped, but lower margins oblique and minutely serrate.

This species is certainly near to the European femoralis,
but it differs especially in the form of the dorsal plate which in
femoralis is not notched and is boat-shaped in outline.

5. Hydroptila perdita n. sp.

Antennae about 31-jointed in the g. The dorsal plate is large,
rounded posteriorly, gradually becoming wider, the margins
slightly retracted at the base, a small hollow looking patch near
the apex. The inferior appendages subparallel blades, twisted
outwards at the apex, which is obscurely bifid; scattered
spinous hairs, particularly on external (superior) margin. Penis
broad towards the base; in the exserted part tapering to a
point, below which is a very strong curved acute process standing
out strongly from the stem. Ventral lamina small.

ITHYTRICHIA

The tyjiical forms of this genus are rather robust-looking
insects bearing considerable resemblance to the species of
If y d r o p t i 1 a , but they are at once distinguishable on account
of their distinct ocelli and the absence of the elevated lobes on
the posterior part of the head.

6. Ithytrichia clavata n. sp.

In the <$ the antennae are about 24-jointed. The appendages
may be described as follows: There appears to be a transparent
dorsal plate with outer margin nearly semicircular in outline,
but the plate is very difficult to separate from the other parts.
There are very large side pieces of subtriangular form in the
lateral aspect, blade-like if viewed from above, the apex down-
turned and outturn cd rather acute and blackened at the extreme

S .\K\V YOKK STATE MUSEUM

tip. What may be termed the inferior appendages are not dis-
linelly separated from I he side pi. 'res, and consist of a ventral
plale apparently deeply slit; seen from the side the separate
divisions of the plate appear as a rather long appendage slightly
upturned and blackened at the point. The penis is club-shaped
at the apex in one aspect ; in another il is slightly excised at the
apical margin and Ihe dub is hollow with a slender rod-like
process lying within it. The penis seems to be formed of two
joints, the apical prohalily capable. of being partly retracted
within the other; the latter joint is broad at the proximal part,
but becomes constricted before the apex: a spiral sheath arises
from about the middle of the organ. IJeneath the penis is a
transparent process out of which proceed two or more spines, and
on either side of this central process are sometimes visible two
minor ones.

There is some uncertainty about the form of the dorsal plate,
but the true form of this will be readily ascertained from prepara-
ations made from fresh or dried specimens. Equally there is
uncertainty about the cleavage of the ventral plate. These trans-
parent membranous plates appear to suffer in form from immer-
sion in alcohol.

A species closely allied to 1 . 1 a m e 1 1 a r i s of Europe, of
whose appendages no adequate figures have so far, been published.
Tn T. 1 a m e 1 1 a r i s in the part corresponding to thnt which is
called above " inferior appendages " there is, I believe, no slit,
although a long, narrow part where the membrane is thinner
sometimes gives an illusory idea of a slit. Tn lamellar! S
the dorsal plate is produced in the centre with a blunt, slightly
rounded lobe, while the process underneath the penis is about
equal in breadth to the above-mentioned lobe, and instead of
being simple as in c 1 a v a t a it is subdivided by an excision.

The larva referred to in Pxt/rJic, vol. ix, pp..°>7.")-S. is almost cer-
tainly that of the species just described. Whether the views ex-
pressed in that paper are well founded or not can only be
determined by a more complete knowledge of the life history of
the creature, the working out of which should be sufficiently at-
tractive even if it does not result in the verification of Professor
Xeodham's views.

MAY FLIKS AND MllMJKS OF MOW YORK 09

The larva of 1 t h y t r i <• h i a was originally discovered by a
Mr Bolton of Birmingham who formerly supplied living
microscopical material for students, and it was noticed by me
in Ent. Mon. Mag., 1st series, vol. xxiv, p.171 (1888) ; it has also
recently been described by Ulmer (Stett. Eutomol. Zeit. 1902,

p.364).

7. Ithytrichia confusa, u. sp.

Antennae about i*S jointed in the $, long and slender, none of
the joints really submouiliform, entirely fuscous, save a few basal
joints, which are pale yellow.

The last segment is open dorsally and within it lies a compli-
cated organ represented in fig. 16. The appendages are closely
approximated ventrally; in the side aspect they consist of a broad
basal part, from the upper portion of which springs a long blade-
like process, with rounded outer margin, beset within with
numerous spines or spinous hairs. The outer margin of the basal
par! is brse! with strong incurved teeth.

This species, which is very easy of identification, is referred
provisionally to Ithytrichia, but the form of the append-
ages and the long slender antennae isolate it from the typical
species of 1 1 h y t r i c h i a . It is almost certain to be ultimately
regarded as the type of a new genus.

ORTHOTRICHIA

The Kuropeau species frequent both standing waters and rivers.
They are insects Avliich measure from (J-8 mm. in expanse of wing,
and McLachlan says of O. a n ,u' u s i e 1 1 a that its antenna' have
about •'!!) joints in the -, and about :',L in the $. The most promi-
nent features in the ' genitalia are as follows: Large dorsal
plate which is more or less asymmetrical, usually notched in its
outer margin and with stronger chit i nixed parts, which assume
(lie form of hooks or strong teeth. The penis is of very great
leiiL'tli. very slender, apparently divided into two parts, the apical
part which probably forms about £ of the whole, being probably
retractile (according to McLachlan, and I think he is correct).
In O r t h o I r i c h i a t e I e u s i i Kolbe, the side pieces of
the last segment are asymmetrical, on one side being produced
into a rather long, slightly curved sub-acute process, the other

70 NEW YORK SIAI1. .\HSi:r.M

into quite a short process, while the inferior appendages are much
incurved, also asymmet rical, one of the appendages having a large
ante-apical swelling or blunt tooth. In Orthotrichia
angustella .Mi L. ilie side pieces are apparently on much the
same plan, but the appendages are strongly divergent.

8. Orthotrichia brachiata, n. sp.

Although but one poor specimen existed in the collection, I have
no hesitation in referring this to the genus O r t h t r i c h i a
on its general characters. As a species it is critically near 0.
angustella and llie t\v<> are almost certainly represent al ive
of each other on the two continents. In O . b r a c h i a t a the
side pieces appear to be asymmetrical, but the specimen is some-
what damaged in this respect. The penis is typical of the genus
and is notched at the apex. Alongside of il is a very strong acute
sheath and under it a cover with rounded apex. The inferior
appendages are very strongly divergent, aristate. Above these
(according lo what is found in O. angustella! there should
be two spiniform proi -lightly divergent and terminating in

a hair, but in the specimen before me these can not be made out
satisfactorily. The margin of the last ventral segment has a
small chii ini/ed median plate broader anteriorly and with excised
fore and hind margins, the posterior projections each bearing a
short bristle. The dorsal plate is as usual unequal on its two
sides, but I can see no trace of teeth, although portions of the
margin are more or less strongly chitinized.

Tt is to be regretted that the material is so unsatisfactory, but
the figures should serve for identification.

OXYETHIRA

This genus, conspicuous on account of its narrow wings, has
proved one of the most prolific of species in the European fauna.
No estimates can be placed on the number of species that may
eventually be found in North America; the possibilities are
boundless.

9. Oxyethira coercens, n. sp.

Antenna1 in the $ about 31-jointed.

The last segment dorsally is semicircularly excised when
viewed from above; seen from the side the edges are strongly

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 71

toothed. The ventral plate, if viewed from the side, is in the
form of a strong claw with serrate margin; from beneath, its
margin is excised rather deeply, and each of the side lobes has
about three teeth. On cither side the apex of a blackish rod
is usually visible. The penis has the apex much dilated and
armed with two or three teeth.

This species, which belongs to the same group as the European
O. f r i c i Klap., should be very easily recognized from the
ventral plate.

10. Oxyethira viminalis, n. sp.

The margin of the last dorsal segment is slightly and simply
excised. Beneath, the margins of the segment recede and form
a deep excision. The ventral plate has the margin nearly
straight, and above it are two blackish appendages — no doubt
the homologues of the hooks which lie above the ventral plate
in several European forms. The penis is large, and with its
sheaths forms a very complicate structure; the apex, however,
is simple. The only other appendages visible are a pair of
lateral rods.

Described with great hesitation from a single J1 from Ithaca,
but after wards, fully verified from further material from Prof.
NVrdliam (Lake Forest, 15 Oct. 1902).

11. Oxyethira dualis

In this species the appendages are very simple; seen from
above the penultimate segment is deeply excised; from the same
point of view is visible a quadrate penis cover, the posterior
margin of which has two slight excisions. From beneath is
seen the simple ventral plate, almost straight in its posterior
outline, the hind angles slightly oblique; the plate is rather
broader at its base and on each lateral margin is a faint angle.
The apex of the penis has an elongate swollen part, probably
exaggerated in figs. 37 and 38, through the presence of some
extraneous matter; after preparation this part had the appear-
ance of having two slightly chitinized straight rods and a sickle-
shaped one.

1 £ Las Vegas, New Mexico. (Cockerell.)

72 M^\\ VOUK STATIC .MUSEUM

Another larger female. probably also an Oxyethira, was
ill tlu- sending i'roin New Mexico, but I can say nothing definite
about it in the absence ui' llie '.

, .NOV. GEN.

{Spurs 0, -, o. Ocelli present. Head posteriorly with two large
pyriform \sarts; disc ele\ated \vilh a median longitudinal line.
Antenna- \\itli 1>-1:» joints (probably in both sexesj, joints
shorter and more submouiliiorm in the $; rather stout, basal
joint moderate! v long and slightly curved, second joint some-
what shorter, the 1'oiir following subequal and cylindrical, the
remainder submouiliform. (1'alpi uncertain from the material
in hand.; Legs long and slender. Neural ion apparently simpler
than in am of the oilier known genera, (t'ompare the figures.)

12. Neotrichia collata u. sp.

In the $ the apex of the abdomen may be described as fol-
lows : Above there is a semi transparent transverse plate, at
either side of which are two rather longer thin processes which
seein to be slightly out-turned at the apex. There are also
semitrausparent side pieces rather slender and slightly curved.
The inferior appendages consist of t \\ o parallel contiguous proc-
esses which at the apex on their inner edges are obliquely
truncate and bear one or two teeth. The penis in its' apical
portion consists of two closely lying parts of nearly equal
length, slightly hooked at the tips.

A minute and exceedingly interesting form. The figures were
rather difficult to obtain from the material received, but the
important characters are set forth and will serve sufficiently for
identification.

From New Mexico a large number of interesting cases be-
longing to two or probably three species have been sent. One
is a veritable O x y e t h i r a , while the others belong probably
to H y d r o p t i 1 a , but I arn not sure whether the differences
shown by some of the cases are due to individual variation or
point to the presence of two species.

u\\ ri.iKS AM> MIIH;KS OK NK\V YORK

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE

In the interval that has elapsed since the above paper was
written, Mr. Nathan Banks has published two papers which con-
tain references to North American Eydroptilidae (two
species of Hydroptilid;e, Knt. Xews. April '04, p. IK]; and A List
of Neuropteroid insects, exclusive of Odonata, from the vicinity
of Washington, 1). C., 1'roc. Knt. Soc. Wash. Vol. vi. No. 4,
pp.215-6). These may give rise to questions of synonymy, but at

Fig. 15 Hy<lrr>i>tili<l strnet nres: A i; r a y I o a 111 u 1 t i p n n r t ;i t a ; 40, apex of

abdomen from beneath, 41, same fi i siile, :LJ. n-iaiiyulnr pieces from side, 43, same

wheii mufh exserted, ll, ventral lamina; O r t h o t r i c h i a a m e r i c a n a (?)
45, apex of abdomen from beneath.

the moment I am unable to deal with the subject which I think
may be safely left to be cleared up by American siudenis.

In the same interval some furl her material has come to hand
from Professor Needham and Professor P>e((en, but this has been
only partially examined. It includes an A u r a y 1 e a w liidi ap-
pears to be the same as the European A. m u 1 I i p u n c ta t a .
and an Orthotrichia which 1 had described under the name of O.
c r i s t a t a but which may be O. a m e r i <• a n a , P>auks. There
is also another good species o! 11 v d ropl i 1 a , but the material
is hardly sufficient for description.

74 M:\\

STATE Mrsr.r.\i

Professor Xeedham bred tin- Agraj i »• M and sent me the
larva and cases. The metainorpho>.<-s of A graj lea and many
Other European forms h;i\.- been d<-s. i -ih.-d recently ill an admira
ble way by Hi-rr A. ,1. Silfvenius of IIi-lsin»r(.i>.

Ag^aylea multipunctata ('nil.

.MrLachlan. Key. \ Suiopsis. p.riUti. describes ili«- species as
follo\\ s :

Antenna- blackish fuscous. llodv blackish fuscous; abdomen

ureenish in life; blackish in dr\ i-Nanipli's \viih jialc latci-al lines;
the ventral surface clothed \\ilh silkv yellowish hairs. Head and
pronotnin clothed \\iih greyish \c||o\v haii-s. Le^s snlileslaceous
\\ilh fuscous femora; dollied \\ilh pale hairs. Anterior win.^s
ordinarily blackish, \\iih numerous distinct .mdden-yello\\ mark
ings, mostly forming spots, but usually there is also a hui.u and
broad space near the apex of the costal margin, about two don
ijate spares on the inner margin, and t\\o or three apical spots
extending into the frii.-i-s \\hidi are otheruise dark (but these
markings are \rr\ variable; individuals oc. ur in \vliidi they are
entirely absent, the \\inus then beiny wholly blackisli. or in which
they invade the \\lmle \\in-. obli tei-a t inn the dark ground and
causing the insecl to appear pal.- cinereous). 1'osierior win-s
cinereous -rry, \\ith eoin-olorous. sliditly iridescent fringes.

In the <$ there appears to be a bilohed shining \ellowish plato
under the margin of the last dorsal segment. Sujn-rior (interme-
diate?! appendages in the form of two contiguous yellowish
bauds, very strongly curved downwards; from between them
escapes the penis, \\hich is dark, straight", updireded. its apex
dilated and truncate. Inferior append-t.-'-s. viewed ventrally,
very distant, ujtciirved. yellowish, sulx-ylindrical, but they are
apparently connected with two upcurved contiguous median
processes, seen from the middle of the ventral margin, more slen-
der than the appendages and blackish at the tips; internally, on
either side of these, is a triangular piece. Lobe of the ante-
penultimate ventral segment long, flnth n«l and (idjircxvftl <Iilnl«l
gradually to the ajtc.r, which is shallowly excised and narrowly
blackish; the colour otherwise testaceous; at the base of this lobe
is a subtriangular blunt tooth.

In the $ the abdomen ends in a stout upcurved ovipositor, and
there is the usual small sharp tooth on the antepenultimate ven-
tral segment.

Expanse 7^4-9 mm.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 75

The foregoing description was made no doubt entirely from dry
examples. Tlie words italicized and the stouter form of the in-
ferior api :eiidages are almost the only characters which served
to separate the closely allied A. cognatella, a very critical
species regarding which I have some doubt.

The superior (intermediate?) appendages of McLachlan, de-
scribed by him as in the form of two contiguous yellowish bands
very strongly curved downward, appear to be separate at the base
only, the downturned tip .being rounded. Between the divided
base escapes the penis, which is not shown in the figures here.
The construction of the socalled triangular pieces is very peculiar
and their appearance depends much on the degree to which they
are exserted.

The North American insect is practically identical with the
European ; the only difference appears to be in the upcurved con-
tiguous median processes which are probably rather shorter and
stouter in the American form. The latter was bred by Needham
at Lake Forest in June, and he sent the same species from Chic-
opee Mass. (23 April '03). Tt will probably prove to be common
in the Northern States.

Orthotrichia americana Banks ? (Ent. News 1904, p. 116)
0. cristata Morton, U. S.

The dorsal plate in the <$ is almost entire in its outer edge;
from the one side, on the upper surface, arises a short hook, while
on the other side, nearer the middle, arises a long, slender, much-
curved acute process bent strongly inwards under the plate itself.
The last ventral segment terminates in two separate blackish
plates which are broadest where they approach each other, nar-
rowing outwards, their apices bearing a spine; between these
plates is a black appendage which seen from the side is hook-
shaped and bears two spines. The seventh ventral segment with
a process covered with strong thick blunt hairs; the sixth segment
with a small tooth.

Lake Forest, 111. (Needham).

The process on the seventh ventral segment is very similar to
iliat found in the European O. t e t e n s i i .

76 NEW Yi'KK STATE M I SEU \l

M-:.MAT(>('i:i:ors DIPTKHA n

Chironomidae

i:v OSKAI; AUGUSTUS JOHANNSBN

The present work forms a coin inn:ii ion of the paper entitled
••Aquatic Nemaioceroiis Diptera." published in bulletin 68
i)i' the NY\v York Siaie Museum ir.iii.'t). In that paper the
Blepharoceridae, S i inn 1 i i d a <• . r u 1 i c i d a e , and
ill.- 1> i \ i d a e were treated, hi this paper (he Chironomi-
dae will lie considered, the classification reviewed, the chirono-
niid genera of ihe world described and discussed, and finally de-
scriptions miveii of Hie imagoes of all km>\\ n North American

species e\ce|il those bdoiiLMMU lo llie i:roiip ( ' e r a < O J) O g O D

(sens, hit. I. I )escript ions will also he given of all larvae and
pupae as far as known. The luilk of the material studied was
collected in New York. Inn many specimens were obtained from
the .Mississippi \alle\. Rocky mountain and 1'acilic coast states.
In dra\\inti up the descriptions of the species upward of 5000
pinned specimens and much alcoholic material was studied. In
order to save space the references i,, \\orks of authors are abbre-
viated. only the author's name followed by a date is given, the
complete reference beini;- -i\en in the bibliography in the back
of the book. The study upon this family of Hies was begun
in the spring of 1901 and was ion tinned throughout four sea-
sons. The work was done in the entomological laboratory of
Cornell university under the direction of Professor J. H. Corn-
stock, to whom I wish to express my thanks for advice in the
preparation of this work. 1 am also under obligations to Pro-
fessor Kello.uii of Leland Stanford jr. university. Professor C. O.
Houghton of Delaware agricultural college, Professor Aldrich of
Idaho. Mr. A. L. Melamler of Washington State, and Doctors Mac-
(lillivray and Riley of the instructino- staff of Cornell university;
and especially to Professor .1. ({. Needham of Lake Forest uni-
versity for specimens and many favors.

The family of the Chironomidae or midges comprises
a large number of very delicate, and often minute flies, of which
over 800 species are known throughout the world. They resemble
mosquitoes in some respects, but are usually more delicate, and

MAY FLIES AN'D MlWaCS OF NKW YORK T7

may be distinguished from them by their wing venation. These
midges a,re often seen, especially in early spring or autumn, in
immense swarms dancing in the air, and are frequently to be
found at these seasons upon the windows of dwellings where (hey
are often, perhaps usually, mistaken for mosquitoes.

Professor Williston relates (189G) that over meadows in the
Rocky mountains he has seen them rise at nightfall in most
incredible numbers, producing a humming noise like that of a
distant waterfall, and audible for a considerable distance. Most
of the species are inoffensive or actually beneficial as scavengers.
The group Ceratopogon, howrever, forms an exception,
some members of which, known as sandflies, or punkies, have
the power of sucking blood, and are particularly troublesome in
the mountains, along streams, and at the seashore. The Chiro-
nomidae are very widely distributed, being apparently as prevalent
and as numerous in the frigid as in the torrid zone. There are
about 500 European species, many of which were described by
Zetterstedt, from Sweden and Lapland. Of the species hitherto
described from North America over one third are from Alaska,
Greenland and Hudson bay territory. A surprisingly large num-
ber of species are common to both Europe and North America.
When the fauna of Asia, Africa and South America is as well
known the total number of species will doubtless be increased

many fold.

Geological distribution

One would scarcely expect the delicate, minute flies of this
family to be preserved from mesozoic times, yet they seem to be
not altogether unknown. Two species referred to Macropeza are
figured, one by Geinitz from (lie Lias of Dobbertin and one by
LJrodie from the English Purbecks; t\vo other obscure forms from
the English Pui-becks are figured under the name of C h i r o n o -
m u s ; and Oorethrium p e r t i u a x and Cecidomium
grand aevum of Westwood, from I lie same beds, appear
to belong to this family rather than to the C e c i d o in y i i d ae
or Culicidae. R h y p h u s prisons Erodie, from the
English Purbecks. also probably belongs here and not to the
Rhyphidae.

78 NEW YORK STATE MTSKHM

The family is very abundant in amber, Loew having found seven
spe.-ies of T a n y pus, more than forty of Chironomus
and t\veiii\ six of Ceratopogon. Giebel also describes
two spec -ies of Chiro nonius and one of Ceratopogon
in amber, and these genera had previously been recognized as
• M •run-in;: there by P>urmeister. Krirkson and olhers. Duisberg
also records a peculiar .-vims, Sendelia, from the same.
lint the occurrence of the family in a fossil stale is not confined
to amber; thirteen species of Chironomus have been
d( scribed from Kol t. < icuin-m. Kndoboj. and rtali, and the genus
lias lircn recognized also in \V\oming. while numerous pupae
distinguishable a.s belonging in several species are recorded by
Ileyden from Kott. (Vratopogon has also a species at Rott, and
it has been recogni/ed at Aix and in Sicilian amber. Numerous
specimens of the family occur at Florissant, but they are usually
in very poor condition; they have also occurred in the British
Columbian tortiaries. Scndder (1886).

Economic importance

The only function of the imago of the Chiromoniid,
at least in the group Chironomus, and perhaps T a u y p u s
also, is that of reproduction. Miall and ITammond (1900) say,
" It is evident that Chironomus does not feed in the winged
state. The mouth parts, though of elaborate structure, are never
used in feeding, and the alimentary canal of the fly is empty,
except for a greenish fluid, which fills the stomach of the pupa
and newly hatched fly. . . . The larvae of C h i r o u o m u s feed
on dead leaves and other vegetable refuse. Microscopic examina-
tion of the contents of the stomach reveals a blackish mass of
vegetable fragments, besides Diatoms, Infusoria, eggs of other
aquatic animals and grains of sand."

Some species of the group Ceratopogon are blood suckers
and their mouth parts as figured by Professor Kellogg (1899)
seem admirably adapted to this function.

The larvae and pupae of the Chironomidae are of much
importance as fish-food. Professor Needham (1900, p.204) men-
tions the fact that large numbers of the larvae of a species of
Chironomus were taken from the stomachs of brook trout,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 79

proving that these fish live almost exclusively upon " blood-
worms," at certain seasons at least. Garman (1888) says:
" Probably no other one genus of insect constitutes as important
an item, in the food of as large a number of fishes." "NYhile Forbes
(1877) in giving a list of the organisms which form food of
fishes records C h i r o n o m i d a e as- occurring in the stomachs

of many species.

Enemies

Besides the fish which devour vast numbers of Chirononiid
larvae, the nymphs of dragonflies, caddis worms, Perla, Sialis,
beetle and other predaceous larvae constantly prey upon them;
while the adults are eaten by dragonflies, by the net-winged
midges (Blepharoceridae) and other predaceous insects.
In a swarm of these midges very often one also sees a number
of dancetiies (E nip ids) constantly seeking victims.

Methods of capturing, rearing and mounting

Sweeping the low brush, rank grass, and herbage along the
banks of ponds and streams is the usual way of capturing these
flies, and often in a favorable location hundreds may be caught
in a few hours; but the most satisfactory manner of catching
is by means of a cyanide traplantern, such as is described by
Professor Needham (1901, p.398). By means of it several
thousand specimens may be taken in a single night. The most
favorable time for setting the lantern is a sultry, cloudy night,
during the summer or spring; and the most favorable location
is near the bank of a pond or creek.

The larvae and pupae and sometimes the eggs also* may be
scooped from the bottom of the pond by means of a small coffee-
strainer net; or swept by means of a brush into a cloth sagnet
from the surface of the rocks at the bottom of the shallowr creek
as described by Professor Needham (1899, p.5). From thence
they are transferred to jelly tumblers, or for those forms which
require rapidly flowing water to a jar from which the water
is drawn as rapidly as it enters by means of a continuous siphon
as described by Professor Coins! ock in "Insect Life," p.330. If
the larva is nearly full fed, but a short time will be required
for it to transform. If the specimens are still quite small, some

SO NEW YOUK STATE .MISKI'.M

dead leaves and rubbish ma\ he put in the glass for them to
I'--' d upon. The larvae of Ghironomus usually hide them
selves from view, and in the mud ami debris form tubes which
"pen at the surface. vYhen placed in a jar I heir chief anxiety
is to bury themselves in the mud. and ver\ soon the\ will gather
bits of dead leaves ami panicles of sand about them, binding
them together with \isrid threads passed out of (lie month, and in
a short time will be completely concealed in a mu^h tube. These
tubes are frequently seen upon the surface of dead leaves, on
stones, sticks, etc. One species is known fo be a leaf miner
I I'd tit, I'.lllll). The larvae of species belonging to the groups
O e r a t o p o g o n and Tanypus usually do not form tubes,
but remain free. Specimens captured in the fall may live all
winter and not transform until spring. Some specimens of
Ceratopogou taken bv ihe writer in September lived until
the following .Mav in the larval stage, and it is probable that
they live thus nearly a year. The larvae may be found all Ihe
.\ear around, while the adults are common e \.-epi ing in the dead
of winter, and a few specimens may be found even at that season.
The larvae are best preserved in alcohol, either lirst killing
them in hot water, or placing directly in the alcohol. If any
peculiarity of color mark in- is observed it should lirst be noted,
as the spirits soon remove much of the pigment. The adult should
be mounted with great care, either upon an elbow pin (MacGil
livray. I'.HCJb), or upon a minutien nadel. a short and very
slender headless pin, thrust through a small piece of cork or
pith and then into the under side of the thorax of the ily.
Through the other end of the cork an ordinary insect pin is
placed, and the specimen is then ready for the cabinet. It is
also very desirable to preserve some specimens of each species
in alcohol, or better still, in a mixture of formaldehyde and
glycerine. The latter preserves the original colors quite well,
especially if kept in the dark. These specimens should be put
in very small vials and should, of course, bear the same number
label as the pinned specimen. Tlr,- fore tarsi of the genus
Chironomus are very easily broken off. and therefore it is
qnite necessary that great care should be observed in preserving
them since their presence is necessary in the determination of

MAY FLIKS AND MllKiKS OF MOW VoKK 81

some of the species. It is the practice of the writer to remove
one wing and all the legs from one side of at least one specimen
of each species and to mount them (preferably dry) upon a slide;
this method allows of ready measurement and comparison.

Characteristics of egg, larva, pupa, and adult

The adults may be characterized as follows: More or less
mosquito like in form, seldom reaching ten millimeters in
length. The head is small, somewhat compressed, palpi usually
four-jointed; proboscis short; antennae of variable length, from
six to fifteen jointed; the first joint disk-like, the last one
elongated, the male antennae usually plumose. Eyes reniform
or oval; ocelli rudimentary or wanting. Thorax highly arched,

frequently projecting over the head, without transverse suture;
scutelluni small and hemispherical; metathorax well-developed.
Abdomen long and slender, eight-jointed, the hypopygium pro-
jecting forceps-like; ovipositor but little developed. Legs usually
long and slender; coxae moderately long; tarsi frequently very
long. Wings either bare or hairy; the veins of the costal margin
beiuo- stout and in marked contrast with those in I lie other part

of the wing, which appear to be fading out. Venation variable.
The larvae usually have blood or tracheal gills, and are soft-
skinned and worm-like. The pupae are free, SOUK- are active and
resemble C u 1 e x , others float upon the surface of the water
and still others remain at the bottom of the pond until ready to
emerge.

The flies with which they might be confused are tin- crane
flies and the mosquitoes. The former (T i p u 1 i d s) are usually
larger, have proportionately longer legs, have more numerous
and more distinct wing-veins, ami have a Y-shaped suture upon
the dorsuui of the thorax. The latter ( C u 1 i <• i d si have scales
upon the wing, and all, except ing the subfamily Core
thrinae. have an elongate biling proboscis. The adults of
the genus ( ' h i r o n o m u s ha\ e a peculiar habit of holding their
fore legs high above the surface upon which they stand, while the
mosquitoes usually hold np their hind legs.

There is one other family of flies, the Stenoxenidae, which
must be distinguished from the f h i r o n o m i d a e . This

82 M:U \IIKK STATE

peculiar family has but a single- genus, a singh- species, and is
represented bt\ but a sin:;!'- specimen. \\hich is m»\\ in the I'nit.-d
JStatc-s National Museum. This family will fall in tin- couplet
with the C h i r o n o m i d a e in HP- key given by (.'omshu-k
(ISli-Vi, ami by NVillisi.ui (1896), bin differs from all the members
of this famih l.\ its peculiar \\ing \enaiinn i pi.:;:.. lig.JD). The
description of tip- family \\a> lirst given l>.\ Mr. ( 'oijiiillet I

(1899a).

'/'In-

Tlu- eggs of most of the Ohironomidae are deposited
in \\aiei-; Mime species in s\\ih ibi\\iiig \\;lier. uiiiers in sea or
lake walei-, while inosl id llienr lay them in stagnant pools or
JMtllds. or in slow l!o\\ilig si reams. The e--* of a ie\\ species are

deposited iii bark, in manure, and in debris. Some species la,\
them in strings resembling some\\hat a minatiire siring of load's
eggs; while others lay them in clumps. The eggs ihemselves are
elongate, cigar-shaped. iiMialh pointed at each end. Tlie_\ hatch
in a 1V\\ da\ -

The

The lar\ae an- \\orm-like, but vary somewhat in form with
the dill'erent genera. Most of them are aipmtie, while a few live
in the earth, in manure, or under bark i pi. Hi. lig.l ; pi. 17. tigs.l and
I: pi. !!•. tig.!)).

Kxcrptiug some of the I' e r a I o p o g o u they are provided
with both thoraeic ami anal proh-gs. and move by creeping in
a manner somewhat like a geometer larva, without, however,
such regularity, nor does the middle section hump up, but loops
irregularly to one side or the other. Many species are blood-red
in eolor, and hence are frequently known a.s blood-worms. They
have a distinct head with well-formed labrum, labium, epipharynx.
hypopharynx. mandibles and maxillae, the mandibles moving in
oblique planes. The body N distinctly segmented, usually with
twelve joints besides the head, the three thoracic segments being
but little thicker than those of the abdomen. The twelfth seg-
ment is provided with a pair of prolegs, some caudal setae and
blood gills: sometimes there are two pairs of conspicuous blood
gills upon the ventral surface of the eleventh segment also. The

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 83

terrestrial larvae of C e r a t o p o g o n have prominent spines
and setae upon the body, while the aquatic forms are nearly
devoid of ihem (pi. 17, figs.l and 4) . The aquatic larvae of C e r a-
t o p o g o 11 have no prolegs and the body is very slender and
snake-like. The larvae can exist at great depths, and have been
fished up from the boltom of deep lakes. They have been found in
sail \\ater (Packard, J70a) .

The pupae

The pupae of C h i r o n o m u s are frequently found in the old
larval cases; others swini very freely near or at the surface after
the fashion of a pollywog. The pupa of T a n y p u s is active
and resembles that of C u 1 e x in form and habit. The pupa of
the aquatic Ceratopogon is more elongate than T a u y -
pus, is not active, and floats, nearly motionless, in a vertical
position. All of the pupae have an enlarged thorax and usually a
pair of respiratory tubes or filaments, while the caudal end is
somewhat broadened and paddle-like or prolonged into two-
pointed lobes, with ciliate margin.

The imagines

To the imaginal characters of the family already given the fol-
lowing may be appended:

The head is small, spheroidal, flattened where it joins the
thorax, in some genera somewhat hollowed out between the eyes.
The compound eyes are large, with conspicuous facets and dis-
tinctly separated from each other. They are kidney-shaped (reni-
forui) ; that is, hollowed out around the base' of the antennae.
The ocelli are wanting. The front, the space between the eyes, is
limited by the upper margin of the head and a line drawn through
the root of the antennae. The vertex is the uppermost part of the
front, near the margin of the occiput.

The face is the portion below the antennae, which is prolonged
more or less downward to form the proboscis. The oral margin
and an indefinite space immediately contiguous to it is called the
epistoma or peristoma. The episloma is usually convex, provided
with setae or sensory hairs. The maxillary palpi are the slender,
usually four-jointed appendages, the most conspicuous of the
mouth parts. The labrum, hypopharynx and labium differ with

84 NEW YoKK STATI-: MISKIM

the dillereiit genera. Iii C h i r (Mi u in n s and allied genera
there is no trace of mandibles. In <'eratopogou the mouth
|;aris arc tilled for piercing. For homnlogjes of the mouth parts,
see Kellogg's papers in Psyche, IS!;!). The antennae or feelers are
\ariable in form and mini I ><T of joini s ; the ih-si visible joint (called
I'd joini b\ Mia II and Hammond P.Miih is usually enlarged, fol-
lowed b\ a se;-miil \\hidi is some) iim-s also somewhat enlarged,
these two Iteing called Hie scajie. These are always more or less
dill'erenl iated from the remainder, which constitute the Hagellum.
In Ihe male the joints of the llagellum are usually provided with
long hairs. The lirsi joim of Miall and Hammond i P.KiOj is the
e\t reiiieK short hidden one, which is sunk in t In- hi ad, and almost
entireh occupied by the muscles \\hirh move the antennae to and
fro. The next joint, the large one, exhibits a peculiar structure,
which is believed in ser\e lor I he percept ioll of sound. (M. aud H.
P.MHI. and Mayer 1 ^7 1 . i The head is connected with the thorax
by a neck, whose cuticle is membranous.

The thorax is composed of three parts, the prothorax, the ineso-
thorax and metathorax. The prothorax is t[iiite narrow, forming
a rounded collar back of the neck, within which are the mnsclis
of the foreleg. On ihe dorsal surface it appears as a narrowband
with a median incisure and suture. The liiimerus or humeral
callus belongs also to the proihorax according to Miall and Ham
mond iP.lllih. It is called (he paratreme by Lowne. The meso
thoi-ax is very lar^e; it is highly arched, and in some it projects
somewhat over the head. On its fore edge is the anterior thoracic
spiracle. The upper or dorsal surface of the mesothorax is often
called the mesoiiot um. and it has attached to it at its posterior
margin, and rut oil' from it by an impressed line, the scutellum, a
small, semioval body, which really belongs to the mesothorax (see
p].:n . tig. 16, C h a s m a t o n o t n s) . The wings are attached to
each side of and just below the scutellum. Behind and beneath the
scutellum is a smooth and rather prominent oval-arched portion,
the metanofum or upper portion of the metathorax (or post scutel-
lum of Miall and Hammond 1900) . Below and between the fore and
middle legs is a very prominent hemispherical part (especially in
Chironomus), the niesosternum. The sides of the body in
front of the wings are called the pleura, and the under surface of

MAY FLIES AM) .MllMJHS OF NEW YORK 85

the thorax ;is a whole is called the sternum or pectus. The inter-
mediate legs are attached to the hiiid part of the inesosternum by
oval sockets. The metathorax is much smaller than the ineso
thorax. Its dorsal surface, called the metanotum, has already
been mentioned. On the side is the posterior thoracic spiracle,
and above it is the haltere (balancer or poiser) the rudimentary
hind wing, a slender organ with a dilated head. The ventral sur-
face of the meta thorax is short and narrow and is largely occupied
by the insertion of the hind legs.

The abdomen is composed of nine segments more or less
closely fused together. In the male especially it is long and
slender and terminates with the geuitalia. The genitalia varies
ureatly with the different genera (pis. 32, 33). The anus opens
on the dorsal surface of the ninth segment. The under surface of
abdomen is sometimes called the venter.

The three, pairs of legs are long and slender, especially so in
Chironomus, are attached to the prothorax, mesothorax
and nietathorax, and are called respectively the front, middle and
hind pairs. The older writers who used the Latin terminology
spoke of the forelegs as pedes antici, the middle legs as pedes
medii, and the hind legs, pedes postici. When they spoke of the
fore and middle legs together they called them pedes auteriores.
Some writers still use the term anterior legs for fore and middle
pairs, and posterior legs for the middle and hind pairs. The
coxa is the part attaching the leg proper to the thorax; while
the trochanter is the short, small, ring-like portion between the
femur and coxa. The femur or thigh is the stoutest portion of
the leg; the tibia is the next part succeeding the femur. The tarsus
is the distal division of the leg and is composed of five joints, of
which the first, that next the tibia, is called the metatarsus.
The ungues or claws are two booklets on the underside of the
last tarsal joint. In most genera these are simple, but a few
have. uniserrate or bifid claws. The pulvilli, two pad-like fleshy
cushions attached to the last joint of the tarsus below the claws,
are often present. The empodium is a median appendage between
the daws, and is usually present also. The usual shape in this
family is that of a sickle shaped process, pectinate on the convex
side.

86 \!-:\V YoKK STATIC MTSEUM

The wings are usually rather slender and delicate, with the
anterior veins (those nearest the costal border! rather stunt,
while the posterior \ein> are usualh \rry delicate and indistinct.
The surface of the wing is delicately hairy in a number of species,
though Hie majority have hare wings.

lie low is given the ( "omstock -Needham terminology of wing
\enaiion as used in this paper, together with the equivalent terms
of the Srhinerian system as applied \\ith hut slight moditicat ions
to i he Nematocera generally :

Comstock— Needham ScLinorlati

Costa (0) = Osia
Suhcosta (Sc) = Auxiliary

Kadius i K , First longitudinal
K' = Second
K Third

Media i.Mi - = Fourth
ruhitus (Cu) Fifth
Anal i.\ . : Sixth

The cos ta ends at or l»cfore the tip of the wing in all the
genera; the suhcosta. though sometimes rather indistinct, is
usually present; the radius is stout and \\rll developed, and
usually with two or three hram-hes, K_, in some genera appear-
ing like a crossvein ; the media usually present and always sim-
ple; the ciihitus is nearly al\\a\s two-branched: anal vein usually
present though delicate. Compare pi. 17, figs.UMi;, pls.1^7 to 31.
The halteres. the slender organs with knobbed ends which are
supposed to be the rudimentary second pair of wings, are rarely
wanting.

For a description of the internal anatomy of both larva and
imago the reader is referred to Miall and Hammond's work on
the harlequin fly (1900).

A large number of genera have been erected to contain the
species of the world. Of these some may be placed as the
synonyms of others, leaving still over 40 valid genera. In order
to facilitate identification a key to the North American genera
is offered besides the more general one for the genera of the
world.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 87

KEYS TO GENERA OF THE CHIRONOMIDAE

Larvae

a Abdomen with prominent rounded elevations or cushions, with rows of
teeth on the inferior (anterior) angles of the segments

13. Psamathiomyia
'hi Ahdominal segments without these cushions

I) Aquatic footless snake-like larva, or terrestrial larva with thoracic
and anal feet, and many setae and bristles on body segments, pi. 17,

figs. 1 and 4 ( Group Ceratopogon)

M) Not as above

c With retractile antennae, the latter often quite long, long stilt-like
legs, the caudal tufts of hair mounted on cylindrical processes,

pl.19, lig.9 ( Group T any pus)

cc Not with all the above characters

(I With the two caudal hair tufts mounted on cylindrical projec-
tions

r With six seta-like processes on each of the caudal projections,
three long and three short. Eyes prominent, round, on ante-
rior angles of the head, pi. 34, figs. 21, 22, 23 (European)

26. W u 1 p i e 1 1 a
- - Eyes not on anterior angles of head

f With blood gills on venter of eleventh segment

31. Hydrobaenus
ff With blood gills only at end of twelfth segment

44. Metriocneruus
dd Caudal tufts on small rounded papillae

e Antennae elongate, at least one half and often as long or longer

than the head ; compare also pi. 20, fig.10
f With two anal blood gills, pl.36, figs. 1, 2, 3

25. C o r y B o n e u r a ( 1 e m n a )

ff With four anal blood gills ; antennae mounted on basal promi-
nence, pi. 26, figs. 5, 8 42. Tanytarsus

ee Antennae short

f Larvae usually blood red ; eleventh body segment with two
pairs of blood gills, pi. 15, fig.4. .38. C h i r o n o m u s (pt.)
ff Larvae greenish, yellowish, or whitish

g The maxiliary palpus usually noticeably longer than broad.
Larva in pools, pond water, or slow streams, pi. 23, figs. 3

and 1(5 38. Chironomus (pt. )

//.'/ I 'a I pus a I »out as long as broad, pl.24, figs. 5, 12, 20

/; Full-grown larva not over G mm. long, green or bluish-
green in color. Anterior abdominal segments of greater
diameter than the posterior ones. Mandibles often
transversely wrinkled; the anterior prolegs usually with
pectinate setae

f 39. C r i c o t o p u s
\ 41. O r t h o c 1 a d i u

* M:\V \«\\\<. STATIC MTSIMM

lilt Full grown l:irv;i over C> mm. in length; mandible not

transversely wrinkled
i I.abium with its teeth rounded. ]il.'_'u. lig.'.i

36 1> i a in c s :i waltlli.1
ii Lahium with its middle tooih broadly truncate

:;7. T li :i 1 a s s i» in y i a f u s c a
Null-'. See :nlilriiil:i f..|- se\rral a n< HUM \«\\< >\ ..... ies.

n I'lipM tlo.-its nearly m<-t i<mli"-s in a vertical portion at the surface of the
water. |il.l7. lig.11 ...................... tfirt>ui> <' 'fill n i> <> y <> n )

mi I'lipa in>| as ab:i\e

// Active pupa swh ..... inir \\illi a j.Tkini,' nmtimi in lln- wali-r like a ciilcx

pupa, pl.l'.i. liu'.s ............................. ( dnnii, '/' n n >/ /i u .\ )

C \\\\\i II-II.L' M-lac i-r lilaiiifiits :il i-amlal i-inl

'/ Caudal lilaiuciils very numrnHis and fi-rinini: a raudal paddle,

l-l.-.-J. liir.l I. and pl.'J«;. flg.15
' Tlioraric n ^pirati i'.\ "I'^ans a luft nf lilaniniH. iil.li;. li^.L'

38 i ' li i r '• 11 it in u s

• • lle^piralory < Trails < mi^i-i in^' "f a main shaft with lateral hairs

or setae. . \l>d" men with setae and hrisiles.

II'. T a n y t a p 8 U 8
ihl Caudal appendage \\ith Imi.L' setae

• \\'illi ei-ht luiiu' Betae "U eaeh side <>l .-aiidal appendaL''-. pl..".i;.

Ii-s. 1 and .", ............... •_'.*,. Cor y n •• n e u r a 1 •• m n a e

• ' \\'illl a tuft iif li'HL' >e|ae nil each side; thi>raeie res| lira! ' M'V

'•r-an a sini]»|e lin-er lil^e process, pi. "I. I'IL:>. ."• and s

.",1. II y d r i> I > a e n u s
<••• \Yilh three or four pairs <if slmrt setae, a |']ale-like Hieker or with a

paddle
»/ I'lali-like su.-ker at i-audal end. pi..". I. li^s. M and l.j

•_".». T e 1 m a toget on (St Paulii)
<hl With two or three pairs of short setae <>r with paddle

- Without thoracic respiratnry tuhes. Ahdoiuinnl se-nieiits with

a fringe of consjiic-uous spines or setae or projections, pi. 48,
liiT.l.".. and j.l.r.o, fig.10 in I'.ul. f.s N. V. State Museum, 1'.«>::

:;.">. D i a m e s a
37. T h a 1 a ssom y i a
[44. M e t r i o c n e m u s

ee With respiratory tubes. Abdominal segments usually without a
fringe of prominent setae, pi. 124. fig.-4. also pi. 24, figs. 13, 14, 15

."'.i. Cricotopus
41. O r t h o c 1 a d i u s

The larva of T h a 1 a s s o in y i a c o n g r e g a t a (an European species)
has a labium like Diamesa waltlii.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 89

Imagines

NOTE. — In counting the antennal joints the large basal joint is included,
but not the hidden first joint.

o Wings absent or rudimentary

& Wings reduced to mere vestiges, legs short and not slender, antenna
with seven joints, mouth parts rudimentary, pl.36, fig.13, female

14. Clunio
&& Rudimentary wings reaching at least to the end of the first abdominal

segment

c Halteres wanting, wings in the form of a flattened racket, tarsal
claws with a little subapical tooth. Palpi four-jointed ; antenna

five (?) jointed 10. B e 1 g i c a

cc Halteres distinct

(I Palpi four-jointed ; antenna of the female four-jointed, of the male

six-jointed, pl.35, figs. 16, 21, 22 11. E r e t in o p t e r a

</(/ Palpi two- jointed ; antenna of the female six-jointed

e Second joint of antenna like those following, inonilliforin, pi. 37,

figs. 5, 6, 7 12. II a 1 i r y t u s

ee Second joint longer than those following ; male antenna also
with six joints, pl.35, figs. 4 to 9. ..13. , P s a ni a t h i o m y i a
a a Wings present

& The M-Cu crossvein present (i. e., cell M closed by a vein), pi. 37, fig.24
c Antenna with twelve or more joints

d Antenna with .fourteen joints usually plumose; fourth tarsal joint
usually shorter than the fifth ; wing bare, pi. 30, fig.13, male

35. D i a m e 8 a
dtl Not as above

c Antennae with, fifteen joints both in male and female ; plumose
in the former ; the vein M simple, pi. 27, figs. 1 to 15

(Group T any p us)
f Wing bare

g Fork of the cubitus petiolate 15. P r o c 1 a d i u s

gg Fork of cubitus proximad of crossvein

16. A n a t o p y n i a n. gen.
ff Wing pubescent

g Fork of cubitus proximad of crossvein

h Antennae of male and female each with fifteen joints, U,

and R3 distinct 17. A b 1 a b e s m y i a n. gen.

//// Antennae of female with twelve joints, the male with fif-
teen joints, R3 indistinct (Australian genus)

18. I s o p 1 a s t u s

gg Fork of cubitus petiolate 10. T a n y p u s

ee Antennae with twelve or fourteen joints ; wings hairy ; cubitus
not forked; anterior crossvein long and very oblique, pl.37,

fig. 16 20. P e n t a n e u r a

cc Antennae with less than ten joints

d Crussvein near basal third of wing, pl.37, fig.ll. Antennae about
eight-jointed (Chile).. 21. Podonoinus

00 NEW YORK STATF MlSKUM

i1<] Crossveins near middle of wing

c Palpi six-jointed ; antennae -even jointed ; wing venation as

shown on pl.37. fi- 21 K 'hil.O 22. II e p t a g y i a

• ' Palpi fonr-.iointcd

f Antennae of female seven or eiirht jointed; male antennae

fourteen- jointed : win;: l>are 3~t. D i a in e s a

ff Antennae «(' female with eight joints, tlie male with nine.

short-haired .°,0. E u t a n y p n «

Ai-ecirding to the description the female of K n t a n y p n s
does not -eem to differ from the female of D i a m e s a .
1>1> 'I'lie M-( "u ems-vein absent

C Wing with four or live very indistinet longitudinal veins; wing Hnh-
shaped. the anterior margin with a long curved seta, the antenna

with alioiit twelve joints 23. C o r y n o c e r a

Wing margin without a I»IIL: c-iir\td -ela

il Prol M.. is and palpi rudimentary ; al-di-men shortt-r than the thorax

i female apter-ms) 14 C 1 u n i o

</</ Pali>i not rudimentary

\ntennae with not more than ten joints
f Antennae six-jointed

H The I: M CTI --vein, if in-esent. at the Im-al ipiarter of the

wing
h The KM • u near hasal quarter of the win^. pi. 37,

fig.13 (Chile) _'l. S]»aniotoma

/(/; The K M ero-s\rin «-.ialesecnt with the longitudinal
veins ; wins; rluh shaped ; the anterior cells thickened,

pi ..':<;. liir.T 25. Coryuoneura

The R-M crossvein neai- the middle of the wing
/( Wings hairy: antennae with the four intermediate joints
vertieillate with very long hairs; male unknown

irope), pl.34. tig.20 2r,. W u 1 p i e 1 1 a

///( Wings with margin ciliated; antennae with sparse ver-
ticils of spreading hairs (Kerguelen Island), pi. 37,

fig.l 27. L i m n o p h y e s

ff Antennae with seven to ten joints

U Antennae with ten joints, not plumose ; costal cell thickened,

pi. 30, fig.7 _.~i. Coryuoneura (male)

;/(j Antennae with seven or eight joints

h Thorax with a longitudinal fissure ; wings black with
white markings, pl.31, fig.10. and pl-27, fig.lG

28. Chasmatonotus
Jih Thorax witliout this fissure

i Claws cleft, venation as figured ; antennae seven-jointed
in male and female, pl.34, fig.lG

29. Telmatogeton

MAY I'UKS AND MIIH.'KS OF NKAV VolJK 91

// < 'laws simple

; Very small species; black, including its legs, wings
and halteres ; male with fourteen nearly bare joints,
female with seven joints; legs with woolly hairs;
metatarsi somewhat elongated; claws distinct,

pl.34, figs. &-11 31. Hydrobaenus

jj Not such flies

/,• Antenna of male with eight joints ; female like
Or t hoc la dins, (Australia), pl.3G, fig.26

32. D o 1 o p 1 a s t u s
Tck Antenna of male not eight jointed ; the female with

seven joints

/ Wings very short, in the female scarcely reach-
ing the middle of the abdomen ; the abdomen
with a seta-like tubercle near the tip on each
side ; fore tibia longer than the metatarsus

(Spitsbergen) 33. Smittia

// Wings of moderate length

in Thorax prolonged and bent downward ; hal-
teres hammer-like, pi. 35, figs. 26, 27, 28 (Ar-
gentina ) . Synonym of Chirouomus?

34. B u r m e i s t e r i a
in in Thorax highly arched; halteres with knob

( Group C li i r o n o m U s)
it The fourth tarsal joint obcordate, shorter

than the fifth . J37' T h a 1 a s s o m y i a

(45. S c o p e 1 o d r o m u s
HII Tarsal joint linear
o Wings bare

/; Front metatarsi as long or longer than

the tibiae 38. Chirouomus

l>l> Front metatarsi distinctly shorter than

their tibiae

q Legs black and white annulate, at least
the fore pair . . .30. C r i c o t o p u s
<!<; Legs not so banded

r Posterior branch of cubitus sinuous,
pl.30, figs. 1 to 4

40. C a m p t o c 1 a d i u s
rr This branch straight, gently arched,
pl.30, figs. 5 to 10

41. O r t h o c 1 a d i u s
oo Wings hairy

;; Front metatarsi longer than their tibiae

42. T a n y t a r s u s

M:\V V«.I:K STATT Misi:r.\i

/</' Front nn'taiarsi ^horlcr Ilian their tibiae
V Thorax produced conieally in fn.nl
over (lie head : hind tibiae dilated
and hairy, pi..", I. li- '_' t

-1.".. F n r y <• n e in n s

'/'/ Thorax moderately produced; hind
tibiae nut dilated

I I. M e t r i u c n e in u s
Antennae \\ilh thirteen lu tifteeii joints
/ Antennae liftceii-joinied ; Fnropcaii and tropic genera

.-/ Wing hyaline: le-x \ ery long: antennal joints of varying
len-tlis.pl.:;:,. \\^. 1,2,3 ............ .".<>. M a e r <> p e /. a

«/.'/ Wind's sputii'd i \\V-i Indies and Mexi.-ui .....->. Oecacta

if Antennae with fourteen ur fe\ver juints

.'/ Tlmrax rounded and nut produced over the head; antennae
with thirteen or fourteen joints; le^s of moderate length
// Antennae with thirteen juint^: \\in.i: venation as shown

on pi.:1.:,, liir-. in and 1-1

/ 1'alpi with thne joints. i'1'liis is probably a synuiiym
of the next i ..................... '2. Terse stlies

ii Palpi with four joints ............ 1. Lep t ocon o p s

//// Antennae with foiii-iecu joints, plumose in the male,
spar.-rly haired in the female; wiim venation as on
pi. 17. ii.i.'s. i:; [,. p; ......... i <;,•>, u /I Cera t <> p o <j <> » )

/ Winers hairy; la^t joint of tarsus with an empodiuin
/ Kiiiinitliuin \\ell developed; almost as lonj; as the
daws, these without setae, pi. 18, fig.7

3. Ceratopogon

/.• Hind metatarsi shorter than the second tarsal
joint, or both of equal leii.mh

i Sub. -en. F o r c i p o in y i a ) '
7,-/r Hind metatarsus longer than the second joint

( Sub. gen. Ceratopogon)

//' Kmpodjiim not so distinct, h-ss than half as long as
the claws; these furnished with setae on the under
side. pi. 18, fig.8 ................ 4. Culicoides

// Wings bare; pulvilli and empodiuin wanting

/ Wing with Kj distinctly separated from K2+3 and not
connected with it by the crossvein-like It:. pl.17.
flg.lo ............................... 6. Bezzia

// Wing with 11, present; cells sometimes indistinct.

pl.17. flgs. i:;. 1-1. 1C
/,• Media wanting, pl.17. fig.13

7. B r a c h y p o g o u

'According to Kieffer (19(12) this submenus can not stand, because in some
species one sex would be classed here and the other sex with the next
subgenus.

MAY KI.IKS AND M incus OF NEW YOKK 0.°>

/,/,• Media present - (X y I o c r y p t a1)

/ Femora unarmed 8. C e r a t o I o p h u s

II Some of all the femora spinose beneath

9. P a 1 p o in y i a

in Neither fore nor bind femora thickened2
n Having hairy soles (plantae)

1. Subgeuus A 1 a s i o n

//// Having spiuose soles (plantae), pi. 17, fig.10
2. Subgenus Sphaeromyas
in /n Either fore or bind femora tbickened

11 Hind femora thickened, spinose beneath

3. Subgeuus S e r r o in y i a
mi Fore femora thickened, pi. 37, fig.9

4. Subgenus Heteromyia

iiif Tburax produced over the head; legs usually quite long;
antenna of tbe male usually with fourteen joints ; tbat of
the female with seven joints. (Go hack to ii following /,
29 Telinatogetoii, page 90, and read through to
qq, Metriocne m u s)

KEY TO GENERA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CHIRONOMIDAE

« Wings rudimentary (Pacific coast), pi. 35, figs. 15 to 24

11. E r e t m o p t e r a
a a Wings present

l> The M-Cu erossvein present, pi. 37, fig.24

c Antennae with fifteen joints ; both in the male and the female tbe
a I ma 1 joint oval, pi. 27. (Go back to the Group Tanypus,
f, p. 89, of the preceding key.)
CC Antennae with fourteen or fewer joints, when the" apical joint is

oval then antenna with fewer than ten joints

i! Antenna of the male with fourteen joints, the apical joint very
long and cylindrical ; antenna of tbe female with seven or eight
joints ; fourth tarsal joint obcordate ; wings bare, pl.30, fig.13

35. D i a in e s a

'/</ Antenna of male with nine joints, short haired ; antenna of female
with eight joints. The female does not appear to differ from

1 > i a in e s a 30. E u t a u y p u s

lilt The M Cu erussvein absent

c Wing club-shaped, the costal cell thickened, pl.SG, fig.7 ; antenna of
male with ten, the female with six joints. .25. Go r y n o n e u r a
"• Not as above

»/ Thorax with a longitudinal fissure ; wings black with white mark-
ings: antennae seven-jointed in male and female, pi. 27, fig.10,
and pi. .'"51, lig.K! 28. Chasmatonotus

'This division is called Genus P a 1 p o m y i a l.y Kieffer (1902).
"This division is called Subgenus P a 1 p o in y i a by Kieffer.

94 xi \\ Y«.I:K STATE MISKTM

<l't Thorax without a lon-itudinal fissure

• flaws cleft ; antennae seven- jointed in male and female; lial

tens lun- (Alaska and Oregon) '_".» T .• 1 in a t o g e t o n

• • Claws in.1 cleft

f Antennae with thirteen to tifteen joints

\ntennae with fifteen joints; win-s spotted (West Indies

and Mexico) 5. Oecacta

gO Antennae with fourteen or fewer joints

// Thorax rounded, not produced over Hie head; antennae
with tliirtecn or fourteen joints; le-s of moderate
length

i Antennae with thirteen joints; win;: as li-ured, pi. 35,
tig. H>. Palpi with three joints. (=L e p t o co n o p s

SkuseV) 2. Terse stbes

\nteiinae with fourteen joints; win- venation as fi-ured,
pl.17. li-s. i:i to if,, i Co hack to the Croup Ccrut-
n ]i i, ;/ o n liti on p.'.i'j ,,r di,. previous key. i

ffd-ltlt Thorax pi-odnced over the head, legs u-ually long;
antennae of male with the fourteenth joint Ion.-, slen-
der, and plum"-.,, i female with seven joints. < < ;.,
back to -roup OhironomuS Him. p.'.M of previous
key. >

The subdivision of the (li-otip ( ' •• r ;M <» p o g o n into smaller
.ucncra ;iiid suho-riiiT;! ;i> ui\rn in the lirst k<>y is adapt CM! from
one given by tin- Abbe J. -T. Kk'llVr ilDO-i, \vith some slight
modifications. The three South American genera Psycho-
p li a e u a , T e t r a p h o r a , and Didymorphleps, have
been omitted from the key. They are jtrobably synonymous with
previously described genera, though from the brief descriptions
it is impossible to say. They all belong to the Group C e r a t o p -
ogon, and their descriptions are all reproduced upon a subse-
quent page.

Genus 1. Leptoconops Skuse

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 288. 1889. (P1.35, fig.14)
Antennae in female 2+11 jointed; first joint of scapus large,
disciform; second smaller, globose; llajiellar joints globose,
gradually diminishing in size, more ovate towards apex, terminal
joint elongate-ovate. Proboscis prominent. Palpi four-jointed;
first and second joints small, third greatly incrassated, about
three times the length of the first or second; fourth not as long
as last, slender cylindrical; wings naked. All longitudinal veins
taking their origin at the base of the wing. Venation as figured.
Australian species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 95

Genus 2. Tersesthes Townsend
Psyche. 1893. 370. (P1.35, figs. 10, 12, 13)

Antennae 13-joiuted, set in large, circular excavations in the
middle of the head; first joint largest, round; second more elon-
gate, smaller, but larger than the following joints; last joint
elongate conical; intermediate ten joints equal, submouiliform,
with hairs somewhat shorter than width of joints. Palpi three-
jointed, longer than proboscis, first joint shortest, second joint
swollen, third narrow with a terminal whorl of hairs; proboscis
consisting of a lower lip (labium), with the lancets free but
usually more or less approximated to its anterior aspect, both of
equal length, extending straight downward, about as long as the
head ; lancets serrate on the outer edge at tip. No ocelli. Eyes
reniforni, rather deeply excavated on the inside margin, dichoptic,
front averaging one third the width of the head. Thorax
moderately stout, but not humped, a little wider than the head,
longer than wide, without transverse suture, scutellum promi-
nent. Abdomen seven-jointed, somewhat elongate, not wider than
the thorax, first three segments subequal, fourth smaller, three
terminal segments narrowed, ovipositor exserted, consisting of
two clavate pieces joined laterally on the basal half, and termin-
ally divergent. Wings moderately broad, not elongate ; hind
margin with a delicate fringe of hairs, the surface sparsely
clothed with very short, microscopic hairs (revealed only with a
high objective) ; six longitudinal veins, first and second approxi-
mated, strongest, ending at about one third the length of the
wing; third gently curved distally and ending near the wing
apex; fourth apparently forked, fifth distinctly forked, sixth be-
coming obsolete before fork of the fifth ; an apparent rudiment
of a seventh vein; no crossveins, except one at extreme base of
wing, which connects the first and sixth veins, marginal vein
not extending beyond the tip of the wing. Legs slender, not
dilated, coxae not elongate; hind tibiae spurred, middle and
even front tibiae with microscopic spurs; metatarsi elongate, sec-
ond joint of hind tarsi also elongate, of middle tarsi somewhat
elongate, of front tarsi scarcely so. penultimate tarsal joint of
all the feet shortened, the last and ante-penultimate joints about
equal ; no pulvilli.

'.Hi NEW VoKK STATi: MUSEUM

Professor Mik in (In- \Yiencr Knf. /eihinu'. 1*!M. p. HI I. says;

" I Meses ( leader lassl sidi olnic Millie ant' jenes der < Sal lunj;

( ' (i r y n (» n c u r a Winner!/. /.uruckfiihren i Ver^l. V. d.

Wulp IMpi. NeedcH. IsTT. ri.YIIi. li-.t'.i. dime dass ii-h
hiermit et\\a den I',esiaml der (laiiuiijn Tersest lies an/weifeln

niochte " l"|iui c(iiii|iaris(ni (if Iliis drscri|il ion \\-jtli

Ilia I of Leptoconopfi SI. use. and u| |>l. :'..".. liiLi.lll. \villi li^.l I.
it \\ ill he seen Ilial the-e genera are cel'lailllx \e]-\ closely related

if not identical. The only marked dilVereiu-e is thai LeptO-
c o n o p s has t\vo small hasal palpal joinis while T e r s e s I h e 8
is said I o have Imt one (i.e. Leptoconops has four jo in led
and T e r s e s i h »• s three-jointed palpi). <>nl\ one S|HM ies.

Tersesthes torrens Townsend
1893. Tersesthes Town. Psyche. 371

Female, (lenei-al color Idackish: e\es dark brown; antennal
excavations cinnamon color, nearly ihne limes llie diameter of
tirsl aiilennal joint; troni. face and lancels shining black, the
froni \\iih four blackish hairs on vertical margin arising from
four papillae; anieniiae black, clothed \\ith \\hiiish pubescent e;
palpi blackish, labinm brownish \\iih some \\hitish |mlK?scence
terminailx ; occipital orbits with a few black hairs. Thorax and
sciitellnm deep shining black, smooih. glabrous, except that the
thorax has some scattered black hairs anteriorly. Abdomen soft
opaipie brown. \ar\iiiLi' to li^ht bro\vn. in some of ihe sjiecimens
llavous or rufous at base; balsam mounts showing two oval black
sp(»is ibodies?i at base of fifth segment; ovipositor brownish,
l.i -s Idackish. tarsi brownish, tibiae slightly so. Win^s grayish
hyaline, with hardly a smoky llavous tinue. the delicate fringe
of hind margin somewhat lon-esi on anal an.ule whi're it lei-nii-
nates abruptly; veins pale, except first and second longitudinal
veins, which are brown and end in a brown stigma on costal
margin (the first vein becomes obsolete just before reaching
stigma i ; halteres lu-ownisli. knobs whitish.

Length of body (inc. ovi];ositor i . one and three fiflhs milli-
meters i empty; to two and one-fifth millimeters (abdomen
distended with blood); of winif one and one-fifth millimeters.
Fresh and alcoholic sjiecimens are slightly longer. r)escril>od
from both dried and alcoholic specimens and balsam mounts.
Six specimens collected June 21, on Continental divide. Socorro
countv X. Mex.. 7000 ft.

MAY FLIES AM) MIDGKS OF NKNV YolIK 1)7

GROUP CERATOPOGON Meigen
Illiger's Mag. 11:261. 1803

This group may primarily be divided into two series; those
species having hairy wings belonging to one and those with bare
wings to the other. The larvae of the former group usually
live under bark, while those of the latter are aquatic. The
larvae of the first group may be characterized as follows: The
head is short, the antennae minute, the mouth parts are
small, and the mandibles apparently move in a more or less
vertical plane. The mandibles in some species have several
apical teeth (pi. 17, fig.G). The body consists of 12 well-marked
segments of which the first three, usually a little larger than
the following, belong to the thorax. The head, thorax, and
abdomen are provided with various spines, setae, and tubercles,
differing with the species. On the ventral surface of the first
thoracic segment is the anterior proleg, a short, more or less
cylindrical process,, divided into two branches, at the tip of each
of which is a crown of a few claws (pi. 17, fig.7). The last ab-
dominal segment has a pair of prolegs, each with a few bilobed
claws (pi. 17, fig.S). Blood gills appear to be present and consist
of delicate white filaments. The pupae of the members of this
group remain partly sticking in the larval skin, the thorax and
the first three or four abdominal segments projecting out (pi. 17,
fig.9). The thorax is large, prominent, the respiratory trumpets
(fig.9, t) when present are small and inconspicuous; the abdom-
inal segments variously armed with spines and setae.

The eggs and the method of egg laying of several members of
the second group will subsequently be described. The larvae
of the second (aquatic) group swim well with a writhing
snake-like motion. They are usually whitish in color, slender,
12-jointed (not counting the head), the thoracic segments
shortest ; the middle abdominal segments of the greatest diam-
eter, and the last segments usually longest (pi. 17, fig.l). The
head is very small, somewhat elongate, oval, with a pair of eyes,
each eye consisting of one or two pigment spots. There are
usually a few setae upon the head. The antennae (pi. 18, figs.la
and 3a) are very small and inconspicuous, and in all species
which T have seen, two-jointed. Of the mouth parts the

98 NEW YORK STATK Ml'SKl'M

mandibles are I In- most conspicuous, .slender at the tip and
simple, but enlarged basally (pi. IS. fig.l). The labnini is rounded
ami provided with one or two pairs of papillae, which may be
larger than the antennae aiu,l of similar construction (pl.18,
lig.lhi. The maxillae ( tig. -in. /• i are lleshy. lobed. and each pro-
vidi-d \\itli a large | wo -jointed palpus ip). The hibium is quite
small and inconspicuous, and dilVers from the corresponding part
in Chironomus in having a soft and rounded edge, but
upon its inner surface forming tin- iloor of the mouth cavity it
is heavily chitini/.ed und formed into one or more cephalad pro-
jerting teeth ipl.is. lig.L'/i. The thorax ami abdomen are wholly
without prolegs; usually with but few or no setae excepting at
the caudal end where iliere .-ire about eight long setae and a few
short ones. Projeeiing from the rectum, when not retracted,
may be seen llie delicate while hi 1 gills.

The pupa is brownish, somewhat tapering, with an ovate
thorax. It floats nearly motionless at the surface of the water,
or is attached to plants a little above the surface but still
within the water film. The respiratory trumpets are slender,
and more or less cylindrical with the aperture slightly enlarged
( pl.1S. ligs.it and Id/ i. The abdominal segments are provided with
spines, setae and tubercles. The anal fin ends in two pointed
lobes I pi. IS. 1iir.ll i. IM-of.-^or Mik. on !>ag" 1^:: in Vol. 7 of the
Wiener Ent. Zeit., described a species of Ceratopogon
with hairy wings, but having a footless larva. This form occu-
pies a place between the above two groups; and its habitat, the
very moist or wet. ulcerous parts of the stems of Aesculus
hippocastanum, also suggests an intermediate form.
This species differs from all known members of both groups in
possessing instead of either setae or prolegs a retractile disk,
on the periphery of which are arranged five pairs of curved
spines. It agrees with the second group in having no prolegs,
and with the first in having a mandible with a three-toothed
margin.

The pupa has cylindrical, elongate respiratory trumpets; the
abdomen is provided with spiny tubercles, and the caudal end
has a crown of tubercles1. The adult would be classified with Kief-
fer's 2'enus C u 1 i c o i d e s .

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 99

Another aberrant form, C. m u r i n u s Winn. is noted by
G. Gercko on p. Ill I, \Yiener Kut. Zeit. Vol. r>. The larva was
not observed, but the pupa, although of an aquatic form, gave
rise to a hairy winded adult. The respiratory trumpets of this
species are quite peculiar. They are elongate, cylindrical, and
then suddenly contracted on the apical third. An Ithaca, N. Y.,
specimen, bred from the slender snake-like aquatic larva, also
gave rise to a hairy winged adult. The larval skin was unfor-
tunately lost. The pupa has a cylindrical breathing trumpet
resembling the one described by Gercke.

The imago. The imagines of the group Ceratopogon are
very small flies, commonly called " puukies," which differ from
the other genera of this family in having more robust legs, in
their wing venation, and in their not having the thorax projecting
over the head. To this group belong the genera Ceratopogon
sens, str., Culicoides, Bezzia, Brachypogon,
C e r a t o 1 o p h u s , P a 1 p o m y i a (with its subgenera A 1 a -
sion. S p h a e r o m i a s , S e r r o m y i a and H e t e r o m -
y,i a) , and probably Oecacta, Psychophaena, T e t r a -
p h o r a and D i d y m o r p h 1 e p s .

Head flattened in front; epistome slightly projecting; palpi
four-jointed, the second joint longer or thicker than the others,
the fourth almost as long as the second; proboscis somewhat pro-
jecting; formed for biting; antennae elongated, filiform. 14-
jointed, the first joint annular, the following eight spherical or
somewhat annular; in the male long plumose, in the female with
few hairs, the last five joints in both sexes elongated, especially in
the male, and furnished with short hairs; eyes reniform, the
ocelli wanting. Dorsum of the thorax very convex, scutellum nar-
row, metanotum short. Abdomen eight-segmented, rather long,
sometimes narrowed basally. Genitalia somewhat prominent.
Legs moderately long and quite robust; especially the femora,
which are often furnished with spines or setae; tibiae sometimes
flattened; tarsi various, the claws with or without teeth or setae.
Wing* bare or hairy, folded over the back when at rest; the media
simple, the cubitus always two-branched; wing venation of the
types shown on plate 17, figs. 13 to 10; halteres distinct and
uncovered.

Genus 3. Ceratopogon sens. str. (KiefTcrl

Bnl. Soc. Ent. Fr. 00. 1SOO. Ceratopogon Meigen pt. (1803).

(P1.18, flg.7)

Wings long-haired, especially those of the female. Last joint of
the tarsus with very apparent and hairy (not setose) empodium.

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Other characters as in the group Ceratopogon. Type
species C. bipunctatus Linn. There are numerous Ameri-
can species belonging to this genus.

Ceratopogon sp.
(P1.17, figs. 4 to 8)

The larvae of this species were found under oak hark. Th ox-
are five or six nun. long, bristly, cylindrical, tapering slightly
from the thorax to the caudal end; color whitish. Head dark
brown. e\<- spots and mouili parts blackish; each of the thoracic
feet armed with a circlet of about eight simple, blackish claws
(fig.7). anal feet each with nine or ton bilobed blackish claws
(fig.S). The mandible is as shown in fig. 0. The chaetotaxy of
tlie head and body is shown in figs. 4 and r». Each segment of
the abdomen has upon each side a long, honey yellow curved
bristle with slightly enlarged end. two slightly curved black, bar-
bel la to bristles, two slightly curved long black setae, and upon the
dorsnm a pair of honey yellow spear-shaped setae. The thoracic
segments are similarly armed, except that the first has two slender
yellow setae instead of the spear-shaped pair.

The pupa is 2.5 to 3 mm. in length, yellowish, head darker (fig.
0). The thorax with a triangular shield-like dorsnm. with a pair
of yellow barbellate blunt filaments anteriorly, laterally and pos-
teriorly; and a short pair in front of the reddish imaginal eyes.
The respiratory trumpets (fig.OO are small, rather inconspicuous,
with the apical end enlarged. The mesothorax has two barbellate
filaments; the first four abdominal segments each with eight yel-
low, pointed, delicately barbellate filaments and two shorter blunt
ones. The remaining segments, which are concealed in the cast
larval skin, are unarmed ; the apical end is provided with a pair
of slender, pointed lobes.

Only one specimen of the imago was reared and is not suffi-
ciently well preserved to describe. For further descriptions of
larvae and pupae of members of this genus the reader is referred
to Mr W. H. Long's paper (1902).

Subgenus Forcipomyia Megerle in litt

Meigen Syst. Beschr. 1:59. 1818

Labldomyla Stephens Catl. Brit. Ins. 1829

The manuscript name Forcipomyia bipunctata

Linn, .was given to the species now known as trichopterus

Meig.. by Megerle and later Stephens grouped the species b i -

punctata, trichopterus, pictipennis Meig.,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 101

nemorosus Meig., n em oral is Meig., and others under
the name of L a b i d o m y i a without giving a description of the
genus. The type species t r i c h o p t e r n s has the characters
of Ceratopogon sens, str., but has its metatarsus shorter,
or no longer than the following joint, and the venation of the
l.\pe shown on the pl.17, fig.H. The Abbe J. J. Kieffer, however,
SMVS this subgeuus cannot stand because that in certain species
the male would be classed as F o r c i p o m y i a and the female as
Ceratopogon.

Genus 4. Culicoides Latreille
Gen. Ins. et Crust. 4:251. 1809. (P1.18, fig.8)

Antennae filiform, 14-jointed, hairy ; the second and the six fol-
lowing, cylindrical ovate; the four or five following these rather
more elongate, subcylindrical, the last one largest, ovate cylindri-
cal. The proboscis markedly longer than the head, conical. The
wings deflected, the venation resembles that figured on pi. 17, fig.
14. The type is C. pulicaris L. (Ceratopogon punc-
tata Meigen). Kieffer (1902) characterizes the genus as fol-
lows: The surface of the wing with long hairs, at least that'of
the female; the tarsi with minute pulvilli not half as long as the
tarsal claws, the latter with long setae at the bases. A number of
North American species belong to this genus.

Genus 5. Oecacta Poey
Memorias Hist. Nat. Cuba. 1 :236. 1851

Judging from the description and figures given by Poey this
genus is very closely related to either Ceratopogon or
Culicoides. The only important distinction given in 1h<'
description is the si :i It-men i Hint there are fifteen antennal joints
instead of fourteen. From the figure uivcn it appears Hint the
author had counted the basal articulation beneath the large basal
joint as one, which would only make fourteen joints as reckoned
for Ceratopogon. The wing venation. assrmiii..> Poey's
drawing to be stridly correct, does not differ so markedly from a
typical Ceratopogon as to exclude it from that genus. The
venal ion resembles that shown on plate 17. ligure II, excepting
that R, does not quite reach I he margin, and R., seems to be want-
ing. R, terminates in the stigma. Since Professor Townsend
(1897), who has seen this fly, did not question the validity of the

102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

, I shall for the present regard it as distinct. The following
is ;ni abslrad of 1'oev's desi ript ion :

Antenna! joinls. lil'leen; palpal joinls. live; ocelli, lihi;il spurs,
and pulvilli wauling; \\iniis hair\ ; cells few in number; sexes
similar. The aniennae of ilie male appear to be a lillle more
hairv than Ihoso of the female.

Oecacta furens 1'oey

Memoi-ias, etc. 1:230. Tab. XXVII. 1851

Lentil) L' mm. from lh«- head lo the end of the wing; thorax
liron/e colored, spoiled wilh fuscous; alidomen fuscous; legs
whitish, (he arl iciilal IOTIS and a ring upon each femur and iiltia,
fuscous; front and aniennae rufous; \\inus \\liilish. spoiled wilh
fuscous; halleres yellow. The uin-s ai-e lu-oad. co\ered \\ilh
miniiie scales and \viih a cons|iieuoiis fringe on the margin.

Towusend ilsKTi Bays: "Dry pinned specimens show the
wiiiirs to lie sfron-]\ iridescent in certain lights, the dark and
while spots alike, as well as the veins and whole wiu^ surface,
especialK noticeable hein^ \:irioiis rich shades of Idue and violet.
Poey remarks at some length on this peculiarity. When Ihe wing
is held up to the light and looked through Ihe dark spots appear
faint, excepting only the elongate reciangular Mack stigma; this
can be seen with the naked eye."

Cuba (Poey i ; Mexico ami Jamaica (Townsend).

Genus 6. Bezzia KielTer
Bui. Soc. Ent. Fr. 69. 1899

"Belongs to the group Ceratopogon. Wings bare, tarsi
without empodium. radius :! -branched Ci. e. without the cross-
vein-like K,i. i'Pl.17. fig.l.~ i . TypeT. ornala M«-igen. Sev-
eral American s]ieci<-s belong to this genus.

Bezzia setulosa Loew

1861 Ceratopogon Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 312

(P1.18, figs. 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

The larvae were found in the Renwick swamps. Ithaca, N. Y..
July 10th. They are white without brown markings and about
7 mm. long. The head is brown, each eye consists of two nearly
contiguous spots. On the dorsal surface of the head are several
pair of small setae. The labruin is rounded, with two pairs of
small apical papillae, one pair apparently jointed, and one or two

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 103

pairs with setae. Mandibles curved, slender at the apex, stout
basally (fig.4). The hypopharynx lies rather far back from the
mouth opening, about on a line with the eye spots. It is curved,
like the jawbone of a mammal, the dorsal surface of the middle
section being fringed. In fig. 5 this fringe is flattened down. The
labium is rounded, and has a single cephalad projecting tooth on
its inner surface. Upon the outer surface are twro setae on each
side (fig.G). The body is wholly devoid of setae excepting at
the caudal end. At the caudal end there are eight long setae
arranged in four groups of two each (pl.17, fig.3). Besides these
there are four verv small and delicate ones. The blood gills

(retracted in most specimens) are white, short, slender, and
lanceolate in outline.

The pupa is dark brown in color, writh the abdomen slightly
paler. Length 3.5 to 4 mm. The respiratory trumpet is slightly
enlarged at the apical end (pl.lS, fig.9), about five times as long
as wide. Upon the dorsal surface is a group of about ten small
setae. Upon the dorsal surface of the first abdominal segment
there is a group of five or six very small setae on each side. The
following segments, excepting the last two, have from 6 to 10
setae on the dorsal surface, arranged as shown in fig. 10. Upon
the ventral surface each segment has from 8 to 10 very small setae,
each placed on the apex of a prominent tubercle (fig.ll) . The anal
fin consists of two pointed lobes writh blackened tips.

To LoewT's description of the imago (loc. cit.) may be added that
the fore and middle tibiae sometimes have one or two stout black
setae besides the fine hair-like setae; and in the female each claw
has a very small tooth on the inner side. The male genitalia as
shown on pi. 32, fig. 1.

Bezzia sp.
(Pl.17, figs. 10 to 12)

The larvae were taken from the stomach of a brook trout at
Saranac Inn, N. Y. They do not appear to differ much from the
larvae ofB. setulosa, excepting that the labium possesses
three teeth on the inner surface instead of one (fig.10). The pupa
(fig.ll) may possibly belong to this species, for it is the only
species which was found in that vicinity at that time, but of it
many specimens were found. The respiratory trumpet is as shown
in fig. 12. Each abdominal segment has upon its ventral surface
several elongate In-own spots. The setae are short, and the basal
tubercles smaller and fewer than inB. setulosa. The lobes
of the anal tin are elongate and pointed (fig.ll).

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Adults bred from the pupae described above wore preserved in
alcohol, and hence the color characters are somewhat doubtful.

Female. Brownish, abdomen pale, legs brown ;md white, daws
simple, no pulvilli nor enipodium ; fourth t;irsal joint one ha If MS
long :is the lil'th. posterior t;irsi ciliate with hair like setae, last
joint with only a i'e\v hairs; wings hare, without the crossvein-like
II,; length 3.5 mm. Head and month parts bn>\\ nish ; antennae
bro\\ n with white incisures; basal joint l»rown. Thorax brown
i perhaps cinereous in dried specimens) with indications of dorsal
stripes. Alidomcii brown dorsally and white vent rally. Coxae
brown, fore and middle legs \\hite. \\ilh l>rowu knees and articu-
lations, hind legs brown, hasal H of the femora, hasal ,l, of the
tibiae, and of metatarsi whitish. In some specimens the fore and
middle femora and tibiae have a brown ring near or beyond the
middle, and the posterior femora are vJiolK hro\\ n. Sometimes
the posterior tibiae also have a whitish ring near the lip and the
hind tarsi whitish. Ilalteres white with the tip of the knob some-
times darkened.

Genus 7. Brachypogon Kiell'er
Bui. Soc. Ent. Fr. G9. 1899

Belongs to the group Oeratopogon distinguished by
having the wings bare, in having media coalesced with R^, the
branches of the radius males. -cut. pnlvilli absent. (P1.17, fig.13).
Type (Vratopogon vitiosns Winn. No North American
species have thus far been described.

XYLOCRYPTA Kleffer
Genus Xylocrypta Kieffer. Bui. Soc. Ent Fr. G9. 1899

From the other genera of the group Ceratopogon it is
distinguished in having the wings bare, the media simple,
and the tarsal claws with teeth. Type species Ceratopo-
gon fasciata Meigen.

Xylocrypta Kieffer is made a synonym of Palpoinyia
Kieffer by its author (1902). The name may be retained for a
group, including species, having a wing of the type shown on
pl.17, fig.16, and having femora either with spines (genus
P a 1 p o m y i a) or without (genus Ceratolophus).

Genus 8. Ceratolophus Kieffer

Belongs to the group Ceratopogon. Wings bare ; media
simple, Rj and R, connected by the crossvein-like R._, (resembling
P a 1 p o m y i a pl.17, fig.16) ; femora unarmed.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 105

This name was first given by its author (Kieffer 18996) to
a genus characterized thus: The wings are bare, the media
simple, the tarsal claws without teeth. Type of the genus is
Ceratopogon femoratus Fabr. This species has now
been made the type of the subgenus Serrouiyia (q. v.). In
a later paper Kieffer (1902) made Ceratolophus a sub-
genus of P a 1 p o m y i a. But since, according to Skuse (1889),
Palponiyia has the femora armed, Geratolophus
better be retained as a distinct genus. Several American species.

Ceratolophus sp.

The egg-laying of this species was observed by Professor
Needham, Dr. A. D. MacGillivray and the writer in July. The
little flies hover in considerable numbers near the rocks over
which the spray of Fall creek dashes. Selecting a suitable spot
upon the rock, above the surface of the water, but splashed by
the spray, the female begins egg-laying. The eggs are laid
rapidly, about two per second, until several hundred eggs have
been set up on end, side by side in a little clump of about 5 mm.
in diameter. Upon a single suitable rock many clumps may be
found. The eggs when first deposited are white, but they soon
become black. Another species not determined lays a similar
clump of eggs on the surface of the pond lily leaves. The larvae
which emerge I was unable to distinguish from newly hatched
larvae of other species.

Imago. Black, legs paler, length 2 mm. Head subsuming black;
mouth parts and antennae fuscous, the basal joint of the
latter black. Thorax wholly shining black, when viewed obliquely
a little pruinose. Abdomen dull black, the first and last joints
brownish. Femora yellow, (lie hind pair brown on the apical
half; the fore tibiae yellow, the middle pair pale brown, the hind
ones dark brown. All tarsi brown. All legs with few hairs and
no prominent setae. Wings hyaline, bare. Halteres black. The
crossvein-like R, is situated near base of the radial cell. Ithaca,
N.Y.

Genus 9. Palpomyia Megerle in litt.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. 1:65. 1818. Stephens, Catalogue Brit. Dipt.

238. 1829

On page 238 of his Catalogue of British Insects (1829) Stephens
affixes this name to all species of Meigen's group B of Cera-

106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

t o p o g o n. The name was first published by Meigeu as a manu-
script name of Megerle's, for a species belonging to the above-
mentioned group, a group diaraeteri/ced as having the ilexor sur-
face of the fore femora spinose.

Accordingly, and as skuse ilss'.ij has already stated, 1' a 1
p o m y i a may be defined thus: Belongs to the group < ' < • r a t o
pogou; wings bare, with live radial cells, K, present; media
simple; some or all the femora spinose lineal h; pulvilli and em
podium wanting.

Kieffer (1'JOl'j in his definition for the genus includes also those
species whose femora are without setae; but it seems to me that
Skuse's interpretation of the genus has the claim of priority,,
thus leaving C e r a t o 1 o p h u s as a distinct genus and using
the name 1* a 1 p o m y i a I'm- those species having sciose femora.

Subg-enus 1. Alasion rondani

Dipt. Prodroiiius. 2: 11. liv>7. (=Apogon, Prodromus.

1 : 175. ISoG. Freoc.)

In the analytical table Apogon is briHly desei -ibrd as fol
lows: Femora, at least the anterior pair, spinose beneath;
antennae of the male vertieillaie with short hairs as in the
female. Spec. i.\p.; Ceratopogon h o r t u 1 a n n s Meigen.
On page 14, Prodr. II. '57, Kondani changes the name Apogon
to Alasion on account of preoccupation.

C. h o r t u 1 a n u s is made a synonym of C. f 1 a v i p e s by
later authors. These authors say nothing of the short-haired
antennae of the male, and it appears that there is perhaps some
error here on Rondani' s part. The type species C. f 1 a v i p e s
is placed among the S e r r o m y i a by Bezzi. This seems un-
warranted since the hind femora are not thickened. In the table
given by Kieffer (1902) it would fall in the division with Pal-
po my ia.

The name might stand as a subgeneric name as one of the
divisions of Palpomyia. It may then be defined as follows:
Wings bare, B2 present, crossvein-like; media simple; some or all
the femora spinose beneath, not thickened; the soles (plantae) of
the feet hairy, not spinose; in this last character distinguished
from S p h a e r o m y a s . Several American species.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 107

Submenus 2. Spliaeromyas Stephens

Catalogue Brit. Dipt. 236. 1829; Curtis Brit. Ins. 6:285.
(P1.17, fig.16; pl.18, figs. 13, 14)

In the figure given by Curtis the tarsal claws resemble Win-
nertz's (1852) pl.I, fig.!5a, and the wing pl.VIII, fig.63.

Wing bare, five radial cells, K2 present, crossvein-like ; media
simple; some or all the femora spinose beneath; terminal joint
of the tarsi armed with a double row of spiny bristles, each claw
(at least in the female) with a tooth on the inner side. Belongs
to group Ceratopogon. Type of the genus C . fascia-
t u s Meigen (=- a 1 b o m a r g i n a t u s Steph) . Several Ameri-
can species.

Sphaeromyas argentatus Loew
1801 Ceratopogon Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 310

The egg-laying of this species was first observed by Professor
Needham, by whom my attention was called to it. During the
latter days of June and the first of July about sundown the
female fly hovers about three or four inches aibove the water's
surface close to the shore in a place sheltered by the shrubs and
weeds. With the head pointing toward the shore and the body
swaying rhythmically laterally to and fro, the egg-laying begins.
The eggs are enclosed in a gelatinous ribbon, placed at right
.•ingles to the long axis. A short section of this ribbon with the
eggs side by side is shown on pl.31, fig.9. The ribbon when de-
posited is about 1.5 inches in length, flat, and appears wrinkled
like a paraffin ribbon. The lateral swaying of the body at the be-
ginning of the egg-laying is of about one inch amplitude, but as the
ribbon of eggs increases, the amplitude decreases until just before
deposition it is less Ilian -J- inch. When the egg string is about ^
inch long I IK- 11 v seizes ii wilh her hind and middle legs, the hind
legs guiding, the middle legs paying out the string as its length
increases. The fore legs are folded up under the body. This
egg-laying process occupies from three to five minutes; when
completed the fly suddenly darts down to the water's surface,
deposits her eggs and flies away.

The eggs when first laid are whifish, but later, as develop-
ment progresses, i hey heroine brown. lOach egg is iihout 0.4 mm.
in length by .07 in width; somewhat pointed at one end and

108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

flattened at the other, the latter with a minute rectangular
bolster with knobbed corners.

The larvae emerge in the course of four or five days; a slender,
white, snake-like creature, differing in no wise from the full
grown Ceratopogon larva excepting that it has a rela-
tively larger head; the posterior end has the usual setae. None
were reared to maturity, hence no dissections could be made of
the head, nor were any pupae obtained. The imago has been
fully described by Loew (1861).

Submenus 3. Serromyia Megerle in litt.

Meigen Syst. Beschr. 1:66. 1818; P r i o no m y i a Stephens. Cat'l Brit.
Ins. 237. 1829; Ceratopogon pt. C. Meigen, Stephens, loc. cit.

The name Serromyia was first published by Meigen as a
manuscript name of Megerle's for Ceratopogon femora-
t u s Fa.br. Later, in 1829, Stephens places into the P r i o n o m-
y i a all of Meigen's Ceratopogon group C, the members
of which have the hind femora thickened, and spinose beneath.
According to both Skuse (1889) and Kieffer (1902), the genus
may be defined as follows: Wings bare, the crossvein like E,
present; hind femora thickened, and spinose beneath. Belongs
to the group Ceratopogon. Several North American species.

Submenus 4. Heteromyia Say

Amer. Ent 2 : 79. 1825 ; and Compl. Wr. 1. (=P a c h y 1 e p t u s Walker.

Ins. Saunders Dipt. 426. 1856.)

Heteromyia may be considered as a subgenus of P a 1 -
p o m y i a and defined thus : Wings bare, the vein R2 present,
crossvein-like (resembling pi. 17, fig.16) ; media simple; femora
spinose beneath, fore femora thickened (pl.37, figs. 8 and 9). Say's
description is as follows:

Artificial character. Antennae porrect, filiform, 14-jointed, five
terminal joints elongated; palpi exserted, four-jointed; basal joint
shortest, a little contracted in the middle; ocelli none; eyes reni-
forin; posterior feet much elongated, slender, and with a single
nail at the tip ; anterior pair with somewhat elongated coxae, and
much dilated femora, armed with a series of short spines on the
anterior edge, on which the arcuated tibia closes.

Natural character. Body moderately slender; head small,
rounded, flattened before ; antennae in the middle of the face ; first

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 109

joint large, but not long; the eight following joints suboval; the
five terminal joints long, not dilated, cylindric, each being twice
the length of the preceding ones; eves reniforni, large, wider be-
nealh. and approaching above; steinniata none; palpi arcuated,
four-jointed, fust joint shortest, last joint longest; proboscis
shorter than the head; thorax subglobular, convex above and pro-
jecting a little forward acutely before; beneath convex; scutel
transverse; wings moderate, somewhat lanceolate; poisers naked;
feet unequal; anterior pair with the coxae somewhat elongated;
thighs dilated, and with a series of spines on the lower side;
tibiae arcuated, accurately closing on the inferior, surface of the
thigh; tarsi moderate; intermediate pair slender, longer than the
auteriors; third pair longest, slender, the tarsi elongated, termi-
nated by a single long and slender nail.

In specimens of Heteroniyia fasciata Say, I find the
wing has the crossvein-like R2 though very delicate and indistinct.

Walker's description of Pachyleptus agrees exactly with
that of Say. Arribalzaga (1893) redescribes the genus at length
for a specimen in his possession. Heteroniyia fasciata
Say, differs from Arribalzaga's description of Pachyleptus
in the following particulars: Face convex and not keeled; the
apical joint of the palpus is longer than the second and third,
which are subequal ; and the hind tarsi which are much elongated
have only the first and second joints subequal, the others being
shorter. As these differentiating characters are of specific rather
than generic importance, I think Pachyleptus should be
considered a synonym of H e t e r o m y i a .

In one particular only may there be a chance that the two
genera are distinct. In Walker's description nothing is said of
the wing venation excepting the statement that the veins are like
those of Ceratopogon in structure ; but Arribalzaga states
that Ro is wanting. This condition agrees with the figure given
by Say I |d..'!T. lig.Sj. In the type species, however (IT. fas-
ciata ), this vein is present, at least in all the specimens that
I have seen, although it is quite delicate and indistinct. Should
it be found that certain species do have this vein and others do
not, the former may be called Heteroniyia and the latter
Pachyleptus Arribalzaga i -Pachyleplus Walker?)

There are several North American species.

110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Walkers (1856) description is as follows:

Pachyleptus. Nearly allied to ( ' e r a t <> p o g o n. Body
slender; head small, nearly round: palpi moderately long; anten-
nae mutilated; thorax convex; abdomen nearly cylindrical, some-
what contracted towards the base, much more slender than the
thorax, and almost twice its length; posterior legs rather long
and slender; femora subdavate; fore legs raptorious; femora thick,
tibiae slight l\ curved, closely applied lo the femora: wings nar-
row ; veins like those of C e r a t o p o .g o n in si rnctniv.

Ceratopogon sp. sens. lat.
(Pl.lS, figs. 1-3)

The larvae were found in Eddy pond, Ithaca N. Y., in April.
They are white with brown markings; length 8-9 mm. Head
brown: each eye cousins of t\\o nearly contagious spots; anten-
nae two-jointed and very short : setae on the head as shown in
figure 3. The labrum (n'g.l) is rounded, with a pair of jointed
and a pair of simple papillae. The mandible is shown in fig.'Jw.
the maxilla in fig.2m./ . the latter has a prominent two-jointed
palpus, labium (tig. IV i rounded, with three cephalad projecting
teeth on the Moor of the niouih cavity. The segments of the
thorax are marked with brown, the first with three blotches on
dorsal surface. The second with two latiral spots, and two longi-
tudinal lines which rise at the anterior margin and extend half
the length of the segment, the third with two nearly contiguous
spots on each side, and a pair of spots on its anterior margin.
Each abdominal segment has a pair of elongate spots at the
anterior margin, a dorso-latcral and a ventro-lateral stripe, the
latter prolonged anteriorly and joined by a, transverse fascia at
the incisure; a fine median central stripe is produced forward
from the transverse fascia. These stripes vary in length, in
some specimens forming almost continuous longitudinal stripes
along the abdomen. Setae of caudal end are about eight in
number, comparatively small, and arranged not in pairs but
singly. Pupa and imago not obtained. Of this species speci-
mens have been kept living in aquaria from October to April.

Ceratopogon sp. sens. lat.

Professor A. S. Packard (1870) published an account of a larva
and pupa which belongs to the group of the bare-winged
Ceratopogon. It is described as T a n y p u s sp. to which
genus it certainly does not belong. The larva and pupa were
found at Clear Lake. Lake county, California. The description
states that the caudal end is without bristles or hairs of any

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK HI

kind. It is said that the pupa has no respiratory appendages,
only peculiarity which would distinguish it from other known
belonging to this group.

Genus Psychophaena Phillip!
Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien. 628. 18G5

Proboscis ri|ii:illmii- the head in length; palpi four-jointed,
third joint thickened, obconate, the fourth a little shorter,
slender and cylindrical; antennae pilose, 11-jointed (also of the
male?) the first joint thickened, the following seven subglobose
and (in the female at least) not petiolate, the rest elongate, the
apical one lanceolate; the posterior margin of the wing with
long cilia; legs pilose, not spurred, the metatarsus longer than
the following joints. The wing venation resembles fig.14. pi. 17,
but the media separates from R.1+-, a little distad of the forking
of the cubitus, this forking being almost as far distad as the
tip of the radial veins. .The radial cells short. Type P. p i c t i-
p e u n i s Phillipi (Chile). This genus as defined does not differ
from Geratopogon or Cu lie aides.

Genus Tetraphora Phillipi

Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien. 630. 1865. (P1.37, fig.lS)
The antennae equal in length, the head and the thorax taken
together, about 12-14 joints, moniliform, verticillate with long
hairs, the basal joints subglobose, the intermediate ones nar-
rowed apically, bulbous. Wings hairy, venation as in fig. 18.
Legs long, the first tarsal joint about as long as the four follow-
ing. Type T. fuse a. Phil. (Chile). From the figure of the
wing it appears that Hi is gen us is probably a synonym of eitln-r
Geratopogon o>r G u 1 i c o i d e s .

Genus Didymorphleps \\Yycnbergh
Stettiner Ent. Zeit. 44:108. 1883. (P1.35, fig.25, after Weyenbergb)

The wing venation and other characters as figured and
described by \Veyenbergh is essentially that of a Cerato-
p o g o n or C u 1 i c o i d e s, but according to this author is said
to presi-nt some differentiating characters. The cilia of the an-
terior wing margin are coarse and bristle-like and of equal
length; those of the posterior margin are more delicate and of

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

unequal length. The entire wing is so thickly covered with
microscopic hairs that it appears nearly opaque. There are
several peculiarities in the venation to which the author calls at-
tention. The It.!-?-; does not reach the margin; parallel to and
above it is a vein (perhaps a fold) which enters the margin;
the latter vein is not connected with any vein at its base. Above
this is a forked vein (fold) which has no connection at its base.
This is absent in the female. This forked vein or fold is of com-
mon occurrence in many C e r a i o p o g o u wings. Upon each
side of the cubitus there is a vein (probably a fold) running
parallel to it. These folds are absent in the female. The
halteres have prominent knobs. According to the text (but m>i
the figure) the vein which enters the anterior \\iug margin be-
fore the mid-length of the wing has a point of contact with the
bend of the OIK- which enters the anterior margin a little dislad
of the middle. The legs and antennae are like those of 0 e r a-
topogon. In regard to Hie male antennae the author says:
" Pas 1'te (ilied diese Fiihler hat der hingen llaarbusch welcln-r
Cera 1 01 logon kenn/eichnei. alter an der Spitze ist es so zu sagen
gaffelig frisert uud seine Innensi-iu- nicht so glatt wie die Aus-
senseite, weil erstere kleine borstige Haare zeigt welche eiu wenig

vorragen."

Kach joint of the antennae of the female possesses four long
hairs, each hair about as long as the antenna.

Type of the genus 1). h o r t o r u in \Yeyenbergh, 1. c.

It does not appear that the venation differs materially from
some species of Ceratopogon. Compare the wing of
C. r o s t r a t u s \Yinn., pl.IV, fig.iW, Winnertz (1852). The
other characters given certainly do not distinguish it, and there-
fore this genus must be considered as a synonym of either
Ceratapogon or Culicoides.

Genus 10. Belgica Jacobs
Ann. de Soc. Belgique. 106. 1900

The head somewhat rounded, longer than high, a little wider
than the thorax. Face flat, the eyes not emarginate, placed at
half the hight of the face, " eyes not smooth." Antennae in-
serted opposite the eyes, a little lower than their transverse

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 113

diameter, with five distinct and separated joints; the first joiut
short, cylindrical, cut obliquely from without to within, the
last joint as long as the third and fourth together, with trun-
cated base and rounded tip. The antennal joints are provided
with hairs, the last with longer and stouter ones. The fifth joint
in certain specimens appears to have a suggestion of a division
simulating a sixth joint. The epistome is prolonged, triangular,
and truncate. The palpi not more slender than the antennae,
have four joints, the last joint being one-half as long as the one
preceding. The thorax is produced over the head, the humeri
are prominent, the center of the thorax is arched, and widens
out to the abdomen. The scutellum is triangular with truncated
apex. Legs. — Anterior coxae are prominent, first pair is some-
what separated from the following pair, the femora are com-
pressed and widened; the tarsal claws with a little subapical
tooth and two pulvilli. The wings are stumpy, in the form of a
flattened racket, more or less developed according to the speci-
men. Halteres are wanting. The abdomen is 8-segmented; in
the male it terminates ventrally with a large plate carrying two
lamellae covering the genitalia; with the female these organs are
hidden in the abdomen. Translation from the original. The
genus was erected for two Patagonian species, B. antarctica
and B. magellanica.

Genus 11. Eretmoptera Kellogg
Biol. Bui. 1:82. (P1.35, figs. 15 to 24)

Under this name Professor Kellogg published a description
of a maritime fly which bears such a resemblance to the genus
Psamathiomyia Deby that I at first considered them
synonymous. There appear to be, however, several characters
which may be of sufficient importance to separate them generi-
cally. In Eretmoptera the maxillary palpi are four-seg-
mented, while in Psamathiomyia they are two-jointed;
the female of the former has four-jointed antennae, while both
sexes of the latter have six-jointed antennae. The remaining
distinctive characters seem to be of specific rather than of
generic value. The flies were collected December 27, 1898, by
Mr J. C. Brown at Point Lobos, a rocky point on the Pacific

114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

coast near Monterej', California. The Hies, of which there were
many, were resting- or running on the surface of the ocean water
of the tide pools, and had a tendency to gather in large numbers
in " patches " and " in ball like masses " on the surface of the
water. None were seen below the surface, nor were any seen
flying. They moved about on the surface of the water very
rapidly. The following is a description given by 1'rol'essor Kel-
logg, of the species:

Eretmoptera browni Kellogg

Biol. Bui. 82. 1900

Male (fig.21). Length L' mm. Head slightly broader than the
thorax, eyes widely separated, very small, very convex, hairy,
and with rather large I'aeets; ocelli absent; antennae (fig.-i'j
short, length 3 mm.; six-segmented, the liasal segments wide and
globose, the sixth segment longest, the second next, the third and
fifth about equal, the fourth shortest, with a few short strong
hairs on each segment ; and the surface everywhere with a fine
stiff pubescence. The month parts are of simple Xemato-
cerous type, short, and with distinct labriim epipharyux,
maxillae, hypophar.Mix. and labinm: mandibles absent; labrum-
epiphannx Mig.l'.h short, broadly triangular, with obtusely
rounded tip. Maxillae with short, weak, tapering, pointed lobe,
and 4-segmented palpi, :> mm. long; the palpi with the last two
segments longest and equal, and all the segments provided like
the antennae with a few short si ray hairs and a fine stiff pubes-
cence (fig.16) ; hypopharynx (fig.lSi elongate, triangular, as long
as the labrum-epi pharynx, hut narrower and more acute; labium
(fig.17) short, lip-like, with free paraglossae, without pseudo-
tracheae. The face is whitish with a median longitudinal dark
line, and the anteunary fossae with dark margins; the basal
segment of the antenna is rather dark, the other segments pale.
Thorax without bristles, dark above, pale beneath. Legs long
and slender, whitish with blackish joints: middle and hind legs
longest and equal, front legs only a little shorter; average meas-
urement of middle leg. femur 1 mm., tibia 1 mm., tarsus 1 mm.;
tarsus 5-segmented. segment one as long as segment two, three
and four together; segment five slightly longer that segment four;
tibiae of all legs with a single apical spur; tarsal claws strongly
curved, thickened at base, with three delicate spines on basal half;
no pulvilli; empodium (fig.l.l emp.) rather long, curving, filiform,
and plumose or pectinate for its whole length. Wings narrow,
strap-like, extending only to fourth abdominal segment, length
.75 mm., and wholly without veins ; whitish, somewhat wrinkled,

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 115

and finely spinulose (fi.u-.-1). These si range veinless wings are
not especially thin or delicale, but on the contrary are rather
thickened, the costal margin being csjiecially thickened and per-
haps folded. The hnlteres (fig.20) or the structures which oc-
cupy the usual position of the halteres, are not of the usual
pedicel and knobbed type common among Dipt era, but are
minute lobe or scale-like processes, appearing like rudiments of
metathoracic wings; like the mesothoracic wings, they are rather
thickened and finely spinulose; they are widest at the base and
taper to a rounded tip; they average .08 mm. in length. Abdomen
with nine segments, tapering gradually posteriorly; mottled
blackish and gray above, lighter below, palest laterally; a few
scattered, small, wholly inconspicuous hairs, the body appearing
glabrous; external genitalia consisting of a pair of large, con-
spicuous, strong, articulated claspers (fig.24) which are covered
with a pubescence.

Female. Length 2.5 num., thus being 14 longer than the male;
this extra length is all in the abdomen, which is markedly larger
than the abdomen of the male in every way. The head and
thorax are narrower than the robust abdomen, which is suib-
cylindrical, tapering only slightly posteriorly. Eyes as in the
male very small, very widely separated, and hairy. Antennae
only 4-segmented. Mouth parts essentially as in the male, with,
however, appreciable differences in shape; the labrum-epipharynx
is narrower at base, and is more pointed apical ly; the labium
with paraglossae separated farther back and slightly narrower.
The reduced wings and halteres like those of the male, the wings'
length .85 mm., slightly elongated. The abdomen consists of nine
segments mottled blackish, with conspicuous white sutural spaces,
caused by the distension of the abdomen. The external genitalia
are inconspicuous. There is a short, emarginare dorsal plate with
rounded tips and a pair of lateral processes. There appears to
be no extrusible ovipositor.

Pupa of female. A single pupa taken with the imagines from
a tide pool. Length 2.5 mm. Immediately recognizable as pupa
of the female from the similarity in size, shape and markings.
Abdomen just as in I he adult in regard to size, shape, color
and markings. The antennae, legs and wings are folded on the
lateral and ventral aspects of the anterior part of the body, and
extending backwards to ihardU reaching) the posterior margin
of the second abdominal segment. There are no external tra.cheal
gills or elongated spiracles (breathing lubes). There are no
bristles nor special clinging organs. The pupa is of a very simple,
unmodified, unprotected type.

116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Genus 12. Halirytus Eaton
Ent Mo. Mag. 12:60. 1875. (P1.37, figs. 5, 6, 7)
Imago, female. Head suborbicular, palpi very short, two-
jointed; antennae divergent, six-jointed, the basal joint very large,
nearly orbicular, the next four much smaller, submoniliform. the
apical joint oval, ;il><>ut as long as the preceding two together;
the basal joint has one rather short and a few still shorter bris-
tles near its middle, and tin- apical joint has a short bristle on
one side, and a finer hair on the other side near its base, and
some extremely minute pubescence, which is hardly discernible
even under the microscope (fig-7) ; genae each with one minute
bristle below the eye; epistome scutil'orm; eyes suborbicular,
protuberant, close io their upper orbit behind are three short

bristles, the hinder two lire ne;ir 1 ogel her ; ocelli ;ibseilt. Meso

not unt somewhat ciicullate, being strongly arched in front and pro
jr. -ting for\\;ii-<ls above the head: snitellum s«-mi -ellipt ical. promi-
nent, with a transverse line of minute ere.-t bristles; nn-tanoi inn
very transverse, exceedingly short ; the sjiirades on each side "f
'he mesoihorax are very prominent; wings rndimeniary. some-
what narrowly obovate. reaching to the apex of the lirst abdom'nai
segment; halleres small, clavate and slender; legs very long, the
posterior tibiae not thickened nor spurred; the proximal joints of
the tarsi very long, ungues and pulvilli very small. Abdomen
with seven dorsal and six ventral segments (exclusive of the
base supporting the valves of the ovipositor), subcylindric ; ovi-
positor pointed obliquely downwards, composed of a stout basal
joint terminated by a pair of acute short lanceolate lamellae en-
closing a smaller pair of spicules. Male unknown.

The larvae probably feed on Enteromorpha. The species
is found on the Kerguelen Island. Type of genus is H. arnphi-
b i u s, Eaton.

This genus is akin to Corynonenra, from which it is
separated by its two-jointed palpi, the comparative nakedness of
its antennae, its entire eyes, the spurless tibiae of which the
hind pair is not thickened, its rudimentary wings, and perhaps
by the number of abdominal segments. If the portion reckoned
above as the base of the ovipositor be regarded as a segment, then
there is no difference between these genera in that last particular.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 117

All the known species of Corynoneura are extremely minute.
In the original diagnosis the number of the segments was said to
be five; they were enumerated from below, :md the proximal seg-
ment was taken to be metathoracic.

The foregoing description is taken from Verrall's article in
Phil. Trans, of the Royal Soc. of London, vol. 168, p.246. The
figures on pl.37 are also copied from Verrall. No North American

species.

Genus 13. Psamathiomyia Deby

Journ. Royl. Micr. Soc. 180. 1889. (P1.35, figs. 4 to 9)
This genus was erected for a small Dipteron found in abund-
ance during the latter days of April, 1888, at Biarritz in the
south of France. The following is an abstract of Mr Deby's
paper:

Psamathiomyia pectinata is a marine insect, living
below water during its early existence, the larva feeding on
Enteromorpha. The adult escapes from the pupal case
while the descending tide has laid bare the algae covered rocks;
these small insects swarm at such times, being especially active
when the sun shines on them. The males are more numerous than
the females, and are also much more rapid in their motions. . . .
Both sexes have rudimentary wing's, quite useless as organs of
flight, so that these insects cannot possibly escape from the
rising tide, which on this coast is accompanied by heavy surf
and breakers. It is presumed that the life of the imago does not
exceed the few hours during which the tide has receded. Several
specimens which were immerged in a vial of sea water were
immediately drowned. These insects being small have to be
looked for with attention, but once discovered they are easily
recognized; the black, very long-legged males look like minutes,
spiders, while the dingy brown louse-like females, which they
drag after them, have the appearance, from a distance, of the
cocoons some spiders carry behind them.

Generic characters. Antennae fiig.G) six-jointed in both sexes,
three middle joints submoniliform, neither fealhered nor plumed,
much shorter than Hie thorax and head; mesonotum (fig.9) cucul-
late, projecting over the head; legs very long and slender,
especially in the males, the terminal joint of the tarsus being

118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

furnished (along with Ilio iisu:il daws) with a special finger-like
projection, extending over and between the claws, while a doubly
curved curious comb-like appendage faces it from below (pl.35,
fig.8) .

AVings rudimentary (ligs.l and .~> i ; much smaller in the females
than in the males; wings without nervures. Halteres distinct
(fig.7). The convex eyes are distant in b<»ih sexes luii farlherest
apart in the females. Both the claws on the end of the tarsi of
the male are deeply cleft or bifid (fig.8), those of the female
being simple. The comb-like appendages are similar in both
sexes.

The external genitalia of the male consist of a powerful two-
jointed pair of forceps, the lower joints of which are large,
massive, subglobular. while the terminal joints are small and
linear, and s<> ;irl iculaii d to llie lirsi us In nine inwardly between
them when not in use. These lerminal joints of llie forceps carry
at their lips an armature of short, sharp, scattered, horny spines.
The ovipositor of the female is conical, narrowing towards the
acute apex : it is const it nted ..f i \\ o lateral plales or valves, which
cover and protect two very delicate, parallel, acute, membranous
spiculae.

Mr Deby further gives an extended description of the species,
and a plate of eleven figures showing details of structure. The
figures of the wings, the thorax, and the foot of the male are
here reproduced on pl.35.

Of the remaining figures, that of the male forceps is like
that of Eretuioptera brown i Kellogg, shown in fig-24,
pl.Hr>. excepting that the basal joint of the latter is somewhat
longer ; and the legs of the male of Psamathiomyia are
shown as being proportionately longer than in the American
species. Of the structural specific characters the following are of
especial importance. The eyes are prominent and convex; the
facets are large and hemispherical; the. ocelli are absent. Each
eye carries at its posterior lateral edge a black chitinous append-
age of an oblong shape and of unknown use. The palpi are con-
spicuous, two-jointed, the terminal joint rich in sensory bristles.
The empodium of both sexes is deeply fringed by a series of
lengthened simple as well as forked or bifid teeth upon its outer
edge, while its inner edge is quite smooth. The tergites of the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 119

abdomen in both sexes number eight. Length of the male about
4 mm.; of the female 4.5 mm.

The larva. The larva of P s a m a t h i o m y i a is linear,
vermiform, and of a yellow color. The apparent number of seg-
ments of the body, including the head, is twelve, one for the
IK 'ad, three for the thorax, and eight for the abdomen. The
thoracic segments are shorter than the following; the apical one,
into which the head is retractile, being the smallest. The
thoracic anterior inferior angles of the somites carry incon-
spicuous minute bristly tubercles, while the abdominal seg-
ments, with the exception of the first and of the anal segment,
are supplied in the same place with prominent rounded eleva-
tions or cushions which infringe on the anterior edge of the pre-
ceding segment. These appendages carry nine to ten parallel
rows of very minute dark colored teeth, giving them1 the resem-
blance to microscopic currycombs. In front of each row of these
teeth and standing at some distance one much stouter spdne is
visible. The anal segment terminates in five conical and some-
what incurved fleshy appendages, one of which is ventral and
much larger and broader than the others. This appendage
carries near its apex a large bunch of short-curved bristles,
while those opposed to it bear several tufts of similar bristles,
and the intermediate appendages are quite glabrous. The total
length of this larva is 5.10 mm. The length of the anal segment,
including its appendages, is .06 mm., that of the three thoracic
segments .66111111.. while the middle segments of the abdomen
measure .45 mm. in length by .90mm. in width. The chitinous
mandibles are distinctly visible; they appear, as far as can be
made out, to be widely ihree-lobed or toothed, and to be in com-
munication with two long internal chitinous rods, with slightly
swollen heads, which terminate as far back as the last thoracic
segment.

Pupa of the male. The pupa case, after the imago has escaped
through a dorsal slit in the mesonotnm, shows distinctly the
three sternal divisions of the thorax, as well as I he various seg-
ments of the abdomen. These are eight in number, unless the
anal terminal process is considered as a segment, in which case
the iilidomeii lins nine segments. The sheaths of the legs are
quite free, bag-shaped, distinctly jointed, rounded at the ends.

120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The hinder ones are convolute. The mesonotum shows a median
transverse depression. The total length of the pupa is 4.5 mm.

Genus 14. Clunio Haliday
Natural History Review II, Proc. 02. 1855. (P1.36, figs. 11, 12, 13)

Small ferruginous species, characterized by tlieir one-jointed
palpi and rudimentary proboscis.

The head is rounded and placed low; proboscis rudimentary,
the palpi one-jointed. Antennae 11-jointed, the first two joints
spherical, the third much elongated, the following rounded,
scarcely hairy, the last joint quite long. Front broad at the
vertex with a small protuberance; ocelli wanting or at least rudi-
mentary; eyes round, somewhat hairy; niesoiiotuni oval, over-
hanging the head, no Iransverse suture; scutellum semicircular;
the metanotum moderately large. Abdomen shorter than the
thorax, the segments crowded together, the last one broadened;
the genitalia longer than the rest of the abdomen. Legs mod-
erately long, anterior pair widely separated from the others;
tibiae with a spur; the metatarsus elongated, the fourth joint
smallest; cla\\s and pulvilli well developed. Halieres leaf-like.
Wings comparatively large, anal angle prominent'. The venation
of the type shown in the ligure.

According to the Abbe KielVer il^'.is p. 1(17. footnote), the figure
of llaliday and here reproduced is not entirely complete. He
says, •• Le dessin de Halidav ne represente par la premiere ni la
derniere nervure; en outre le rameau inferieur de 1& 4e fait un
angle aigue avec le rameau su]>erieur. . . ."

Of the female and of the life history the following is given by
G. H. Carpenter (1894) p.129.

We discovered quite a colony of Clunio in a r i n u s Hali-
dav on a mass of green sea-weed (Cladophora) covering a rock
which had been left exposed by the tide. On some of the weed
with the insects upon it being placed in a tube and examined, it
became clear that we had now secured both sexes, for two of
the males were carrying about with them (attached in cop.)
wingless females. These when captured had their abdomens dis-
tended with eggs, and appeared of a dull greenish color. The
female Clunio is much degraded (fig.13). Not only are the
wings reduced to very small vestiges, but the legs are weaker,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 121

and the antennae are shorter and of fewer joints (7) than are
those of the male (whose antennae are 11-jointed). The male,
by means of his strong claspers (so marked a character of the
species), was able to hold the body of the female out in a straight
line with his own, and thus carry her about; so that when he
walked on the glass of the tube her legs could be seen kicking
freely in the air.

During the next day each of the females laid about seventy
eggs, enclosed like those of Chiron onius in a gelatinous tube.
The egg is narrowly spindle-shaped, and measures 0.16 mm. in
length. By the morning of the second day egg-laying seemed to
have finished, and the body of the mother became much shrivelled
up. As in both sexes the mouth parts are vestigial, it is probable
that life in the imaginal state is short.

Further examination of the Cladophora revealed a larva
of the Chironomid type, which there can be little doubt is
that of C 1 u n i o (fig.ll) . This larva (4 mm. long) is, excepting
the head, which is brown, of a green color, closely agreeing with
the sea-weed on which it feeds and lives. The head bears two
deep black ocelli on each side (the posterior much larger than
the anterior) and a pair of two-jointed antennae. The mandibles
are powerful, armed with teeth, and articulated so as to move in
almost vertical planes, though somewhat inclined inwards. They
act, in conjunction with the serrated labial plate, as scissor-like
cutters. There are twelve body segments, the first and last of
which are each provided with a pair of sucker feet, the an-
terior pair armed with numerous spines, and the posterior with a
few hooks. This larva has not the ribbon-like appendages and
special breathing processes found in that of Chironomus.
Chevrel (1894) states that the female has no halteres; that the
labium of the larva has six or eight teeth, and that the last abdomi-
nal segment of larva has two long divergent setae. No North
American species have been recorded.

GROUP TANYPUS
T a n y p u s Meigen. Illiger's Mag. 2 : 261. 1803

This group includes the genera Procladius, Anatopynia, Ab-
labosinyia. Isoplastus, Tanypus and probably also P.entaneura,
Podonomus, and Heptagyia.

122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Eggs. The egg masses of the group T a n y p u s doubtless
vary ;is much iu form and manner of deposition as do those of
C h i r o n o in u s. The eggs of one species of Tan y p u s are
described by Hammond (Postal Microscopical Journal) as cir-
cular gelatinous masses, adhering i<> floating objects. The eggs
are arranged in double rows, along about eight straight and
parallel lines which extend across I lie disk ipl.31, fig.ll). I have
caught female specimens of a species of Tanypus (A.
monilis) while laying eggs and found still attached to the
abdomen a string of eggs, resembling that of Ceratopogon
i S p li a o r o m y a s) argent a (a. From an examination of
the dried egg strings it appears that in this species the eggs are
arranged transversely, ihe egg siring being about 1.5 inches in
length.

Larva. All the spe.-i.-s of this group agree, as far as I am
aware, in having an elongate cylindrical body, a more or less
elongate head, a somewhat enlarged ihorax and distinctly marked
abdominal segments, to the last of which are attached the legs.
The head in some specj.-s is natrow and >lend<T. over twice as
long as wide, and in others less than l..~i times as long as wide.
The eye spots are situated on the sides of the head a little
cephalad of the middle. The antennae are more or less elongate,
in some species quite long and slender, in others short and stout,
varying in length from less than 1..~ to over three times as long-
as the mandibles. The basal joint ranges from two-thirds to
nine-tenths of the entire length; the second joint is usually
slender, the third and fourth very minute. At the apex of the
first joint (at the base of the second joint) is a slender process
nearly or quite as long as the second joint. The antennae
are retractile to about the apex of the long basal joint, ex-
tending back into sockets in the head. They are retracted
by special muscles, and extended again by blood pressure. Mein-
ert (1882) was the first to call attention to the retractile antennae
of Tanypus larvae. The labrum is broad, truncate in front,
smooth on the dorsal surface, the under surface delicately haired.
In some species I have observed several pairs of very slender
jointed appendages (pl.20, fig.6). I have discovered no part which
is comparable to the epipharynx in C h i r o n o m u s.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 123

The mandibles are rather broad at the base, considerably curved
and prolonged into a long- apical tooth, the mesal teeth being short
and sometimes indistinct or wanting. The maxilla consists of a
broad, more or less square, fleshy process, with hairs or filaments
projecting cephalad and mesad (pl.19, fig.l mx.), and a prominent
palpus (p) with a short basal joint. The palpus is provided with
several papillae or apical processes.

The hypopharyux consists either of a horseshoe-shaped piece
having a toothed margin (pi. 20, figs. Hi and Oh), excepting the mid-
dle section, or of two curved pectinate pieces, their tips nearly
touching each other; besides this there is a pointed slender lobe
(figs.lx and 6x) on each side of the labium. The laibium usually
has five, though sometimes ibut four, marginal teeth, differing
slightly in shape in the different species. The thorax is some-
what larger in diameter than the abdominal segments, and its
three segments not so sharply separated. The anterior prolegs
are quite long and slender. They have a long common base, and two
branches, at the ends of which protrude the retractile claws.
These claws are comparatively fewr in number, quite distinct, and
not hair-like like those of Chiro nonius. The abdomen has
nine segments and is in some species provided with lateral cilia.
To the last segment of the abdomen are attached the abdominal
legs and appendages (pl.19, fig.10). On the dorsal surface, and
attached to the posterior margin of the ninth segment, are two
moderately slender cylindrical processes, about three times as
long as wide, each with a crown of six or eight long setae at the
tip; between the posterior legs is a pair of pointed blood gills (b),
and immediately dorsad of this pair is another pair. Often also
there is a pair of long setae dorsad of the upper pair of blood
gills. The anal feet are long and stilt-like, Degeer comparing them
to wooden legs. The claws are slender, each usually with a basal
tooth (pl.19, figs. 11 and 12), and are retractile. Blood worms
are greedily devoured by Tanypus larvae. The alimentary
canal has a reddish tinge, which suggests that the larva preys
upon the small red worms known as T u b i pex or some other
small creature which contains haemoglobin in its blood. Crus-
tacea actually have been seen alive in the alimentary canal. The
trachea 1 system is better developed than in C h i r o n o m u s

\-\ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

larvae; but it docs not appear to open to iln- surface. (Miall and
Hammond, 1!>00.) Tanypus larvae arc said to make tubes
like those of (Mi i r o n o m n s , but in captivity they seldom seem
to do so.

Pupa, tin-ally rcscmMos that of Culex. hut differs in the
form of the breathing trumpet, tin- form of tin- caudal tin. and in
lacking the stellate hairs on the posterior margin of the thorax.
It often remains l»clo\v the surface but can come up to breathe.
When alarmed it sinks and often holds on to objects at the bottom
of the water by means of its tail. The pupa is further provided
with suckers on the abdomen, which enables it to hold on to solid
obje. K. M'Mtiert ilSMii says that the suckers are circular de-
pressions outside the dorsal shields of the abdomen. The pupa of
Tan\ pus varius shows them most distinctly. Here they
are borne in pairs by four abdominal segments (3-6). When
the pupa has attached itself by -i single sucker, it can turn about
without losing its hold. The form of the pupa is shown on pi. 19,
fig.S. The thorax is large and bulky, the abdomen slender and
curved under the thorax. The breathing trumpets vary in the
different species (figs. i'. :',. 7. i::. and IS) ; in some species they
are long, slender, cylindrical, and tube-like; in others spindle-
shaped or funnel-shaped; and in one an elongate ellipsoid with
a small aperture. The surface may be smooth, spiuose, or reticu-
late. On the dorsum of the thorax back of the trumpets there
is, in some species at least, a row of short spines (pl.19, fig.S).
The wings, legs, antennae and eyes of the adult are distinctly
visible in the more mature pupae. There are seven abdominal
segments besides the anal to which the caudal fin is attached.
There are no distinct spinose markings in the species which I
have examined. The caudal fin varies with the different species;
in some it is composed of two pointed projections, in others these
are more lobe-like, while in an extreme form it is in the form of
a rounded paddle (pl.19, figs. 4, 6, 15, 19, and pl.20, figs. 4 and 8).

The imago. Body elongate and pubescent. Eyes separate in
both sexes. Palpi four-jointed, curved, first joint shorter than
the second, second shorter than the third, fourth nearly as long
as the second and third. Antennae in both sexes fifteen-jointed,
filiform, seated in a notch in the eyes ; plumose in the male, joints
two to thirteen very small, fourteenth long, fifteenth short and

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 125

conical; in the female the antennae are pilose, the fifteenth
thicker than the others, pubescent and more acuminate. Thorax
elevated, with a depression in front of the scutellum, scutelliim
rather small; metathorax with a longitudinal furrow. Abdomen
composed of eight segments, long, hairy ; more hairy and longer in
the male than in the female. Wings often pubescent, hairy along
the hind border, the subcostal vein ending beyond the middle of
the wing, vein Rx ending about two thirds the length; vein R2+3
emerging from the crossvein and the lower branch (R3) ending at
beyond three fourths the length; vein R4+3 also proceeding from
the crossvein, ending a very little in front of the tip; cubitus
forked as usual, the M-Cu crossvein present. Legs long and slen-
der, pubescent, unarmed; coxae of moderate size, claws very
small; in the male the fore tarsi are often pilose, in the female
always bare.

The group T a n y p u s which is equivalent to the genus of
Meigen (1803) has been divided by Skuse (1889) into three
genera, Procladius, Isoplastus, and T a n y p u s
sens. str. Skuse proposed to retain the name T a n y p u s for
those species in which the wings are hairy, and in which the
fork of the cubitus is proximad of the M-Cu crossvein. This
cannot well be maintained since Meigen (1803) gives c i n c t u s
Fabr. (= punctipennis Meig.) as the type species, and it
possesses hairy wings and the fork of the cubitus distad of this
crossvein (i. e. petiolate). I therefore suggest retaining the name
Tanypus for the last-mentioned division and propose the
name of Ablabesmyia for the former. Skuse has already
provided for the bare-winged species with the fork of the cubitus
petiolate the name Procladius. Isoplastus applies
to an Australian genus. There remain still the species having
liai-o wings with fork of the cubitus proximad of crossvein, for
which I propose the name of A n a t o p y n i a . These new
genera will be more fully characterized farther on.

Genus 15. Procladius Skuse

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 4:283. 1889

Tanypus Meigen, pt 1803

Antennae in tlic male; 1. ".-join led. Wings naked. R, and R3
distinct. Fork of the cubitus short, its base lying midway
between the M-Cu crossvein and the tip of its posterior branch

126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

(pl.37, fig.12). In some species pel idle nt ihc ciiln'ms is very short
(pl.27,fig.4).

The only Inrvn which I have found lK-litii.niii.u- l<» ihis genus is
that of n (1 11 in It r ;i 1 11 s n. sp. i pi. I'll, li.us. I.~H. I'upae of the
;ilniv«- species and of 1'. ]i i n u' n i * I'\v. \\ill '»• found described
Upon ;i sillise.|iieiit p;iue Ipl.l'.l. li.us.:'. I. .-iinl pl.L'tl. li.us. I :ilid 5).

KEY TO SPECIES OF PROCLADIUS

I ni'i'/i

a Legs iiiiiriinn in color, pale or dark

b Legs piceous or brownish; fore metatarsus about one sixth shorter
tlian tlie tiliia : opaque l>la<-k spe«-ies. ilmrax cinereous, Mack slripi d ;
crossvein liirlitly cinereous: \\ings while; halteres \\hite; length

-I..", uiiii 1. t u r p i s /ell.

bb Legs yellow: liro\\n spe.-ies. proihorax. a spot near its liiiincrus and
sciilellum dark yellow; length I.', mm. (Colorado)

2. occidentalis
aa r^'.^s hi colored

b Yellow or red dorsum of thorax < usually pale specie- i

C Scutelluiu and metanotum yellow, the latter sometimes with a line

of hlndc

<l Small yellowish s] thorax \\hitish with three shilling red-
dish --tripes : lei i -th 1.. ".(.,-_'.•_'.". mm 3. pu s i 1 1 u s

<1il Larger yellow -peeies. T> mm 4. b e 1 1 u s

cc Seutellum and meiaiiotum, either one or both, with considerable

hlack upon thc'in
»/ Tips of fore femora black; abdomen black and fnsous ; male,

length 4..~> mm 5. thoracicus

(/r/ I'ore femora not as above

• Fore femora wholly yellow; alKlomen yellow; segments with

black bases ; female, length 3 mm G. concinnus

ee Fore femora black and yellow

f Femora black, bases yellow ; male abdomen black and white;
female abdomen black : male fore tibia white with black
tip; female fore tibia black ; length 3mm. (Cuba)

7. humeralis

ff Femora and tibiae yellow, each with two black rings; abdo-
men black and yellow ; female, length 3.5 mm.

8. tricolor

bb Black or fuscous dorsum of thorax (dark species)
c Femora more than half yellow

d Abdomen wholly dark brown suhshining; thorax shining brown,
with three shining dark brown stripes ; tibiae nearly wholly
brown ; halteres sordidly yellow ; female, length 3.5 to 4 mm.

9. c a 1 i g i n o s u s n. sp.
dd Each abdominal segment basally or apically yellow

e Thorax pitchy black ; pleura ferruginous ; abdomen black ; bases
of segments yellow ; male, 3 mm 10. flavicinctus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 127

ee Thorax and pleura with three wide dull dark brown or black
stripes ; abdomen brown, each segment with a yellowish pos-
terior margin ; length 2.5 nim. ; female

11. a d u in b r a t u s n. sp.
cc Fore femur black, excepting the immediate base

d Middle femora yellow ; abdomen shining black ; female, length

3.3 mm 12. p i n g u i s

dd All femora black with white bases; thorax black; pleura with
upper half white ; female abdomen black ; male abdomen white
and black 13. scapularis

1. Tanypus (Procladius?) turpis Zetterstedt

1838 Ghirononius Zett. Ins. Lappon. 811
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. IX. 3596

Duskj- cinereous, opaque, dorsum of thorax with three black
stripes; antennae brown; wings and halteres white, the crossvein
fuscous ; legs brown ; the fore tarsus of the male short pubescent,
its metatarsus about one sixth shorter than the tibia. Length of
male 5 mm; female 4 mm.

Male and female. Head dark. Antennae of the male brown,
paler at the tip; that of the female 3rellow with a brown apex.
Thorax cinereous, with three rather wide blackish stripes, the
median one abbreviated posteriorly and continued by a fine dark
line to the cinereous scutelluin; metathorax blackish.

Abdomen black, that of the male slender, pilose, the last three
segments with little wider pale margins, the caudal append-
ages small, slender, and incurved; in the female the abdomen
is a little stouter and pubescent. Wings white, bare, the anterior
veins subtestaceous, the remaining veins slender and white, the
oblique R-M crossvein subfuscous; the perpendicular M-Cu cross-
vein is slender and spotless. Legs rather slender, wholly brown or
pale, slightly pubescent. Fore tarsus a little shorter than the tibia,
the second tarsal joint one half as long as the metatarsus, the
remaining joints gradually decreasing in length. (This species
may possibly belong to the genus Anatopynia.) Greenland,
New Jersey (Johnson, 1904).

2. Procladius occidentalis Coquillett
1902 Tanypus Coq. Proc. Nat. Museum. 25:92

Brown, (lie prothorax, a spot near each hunierus. and (he scutel-
lum dark yellow, legs light yellow, hallens whitish; hairs of
antennae brown and yellow, wings hyaline, bare, first vein no!
connected with the second by a crossvein (i. e. R2 and R3 coa leg-
cent ) ; fifth vein lYubitus) forks a short distance beyond the
crossvein, the latter situated nearly its length before the small
crossvein; length 4.r> nun. A male specimen. Colorado, New Jer-
sey (Johnson, 1904).

128 NEW YORK STATE MTSKUM

3. Procladius pusillus Loew
1SGG T any pus L\v. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male and female. Very pale \cllow. the thoracic stripes and the
metnnotum ochreous red, cadi abdominal segment with a fuscous
basal fascia. wanting or indistinct in the female, die legs white,
the extreme tips of the tibiae and ihe apical ends of ihe tarsi
black, the fourth tarsal joint simple. wings bare, subhyaline. the
1 TMssvein subfiisruiis. Length l.~ to I'.:1, mm. Wing 1..", to l.S mm.
Much resenibes T. lie II us. but is jialer and smaller.

The head is pale. The disk of the occiput red, antennae fuscous,
in the female with pale base; in the male the hairs subfuscous.
Thorax pale \ellow, with three red stripes, the median one pos-
teriorly much abbreviated and often divided by a tine line, lateral
ones much abbreviated anteriorly. Metanotuiu and the upper
half of the pleura red; ihe pleura are sometimes wholly red.
Scutellum yellowish. Abdomen <>f ihe male \\hilish. each segment
with a fuscous basal ring; the abdomen «>f the female is some-
times wholly white or pale yellow, sometimes with lateral sub-
fuscous spots, rarely e-M-h segment with a subfuscous ring. The
legs are white, short pilose, extreme tips of tibiae black, the tarsi
marked like 1'. bellus llalteres while. Wings bare, sub-
hyaline 1rans\n>e vein snbfuscous or fuscous. Washington !>.<'.
(P1.127. rig.l).

To the above Description may be added that the tips of two or
three joints of the tarsi are blackish, the fourth and fifth tarsal
joints infuscated. Fore metatarsus about one-third shorter than
its tibia. Specimens from Ithaca. X. Y. Michigan.

4. Procladius bellus Loew
1S66 T a n y p u s Lvr. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male and female. I'allidly yellow, the thoracic stripes and the
meianotum reddish, pleura and peel us red and fuscous variegated.
the abdomen black annulate, the tarsi towards the tip. and the
extreme tips of the tibiae black, the next to the last tarsal joint
normal, the wings bare, snbhyaline. the transverse veins fuscous.
Length 2.7 to 3 mm. Wings 2.5 to 2.7 mm.

The head pale or dilutely play yellow, the disk of the occiput
ferruginous, the antennae of the female pallid, blackish towards
the tip. that of the male subfuscous, with basal and apical joints
black, with pale pile. Dorsum of thorax pallidly yellow, with
three reddish stripes, the median one much abbreviated pos-
teriorly and divided by a very slender pale line; the lateral stripes
much abbreviated anteriorly. Scutellum pallidly yellow. Meta-
notum reddish or ferruginous, often marked with a fuscous

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 129

median line. Pleura variegated reddish and fuscous. Abdomen
pallid, each segment with a black or fuscous basal fascia, wider
on the more posterior segments. The legs covered with whitish
or pale yellow pile; the extreme tips of the tibiae are black; the
first pair of tarsi are black from the tip of the metatarsus on-
wards, the base, however, of the second joint in the male being
pallid; the second and third pairs have pale first and second
joints excepting the extreme tips; the remaining joints are black,
though in the male the base of the third joint is pale. The fourth
tarsal joints are all simple and sublinear. Halteres white. Wings
bare, subhyaline, crossveins fuscous or black. Washington D. C.
(Loew.) Fork of cubitus petiolate. (S. Henshaw, in litt.)

5. Procladius thoracicus Loew.
1866 T a n y p u s Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 4

Male. Reddish, shining, flagellum of the antenna, scutellum,
and abdomen, excepting the base of each segment, black fuscous,
the legs yellowish, the tip of each tibia and each tarsus, except-
ing the base, black, the fourth joint of the latter short, that of
the middle and hind pairs obcordate, the wings bare, subhyaline,
the crossveins fuscous. Length 4.5 mm. Wing 3 mm.

Head yellowish red, the first joint of the antenna the same
color or dusky red, the flagellum and its hairs fuscous. Thorax
reddish, shining, the color of the humeri verging upon yellow,
the scutellum blackish fuscous, the metanotum reddish or sub-
fuscous. Each segment of the abdomen with fuscous black un-
evenly distributed, so that often they are wholly black excepting
the basal joints. The legs are pale yellow, the extreme tips of
the fore femora and of all the tibiae are black, the fore tarsi
have the last four joints and the apical third of the first joint
black; the middle and hind tarsi from the tip of the second
joint are black; all the fourth tarsal joints are short, those of
the second and third pair of legs are obcordate. Halteres white.
Wings bare, subhyaline, crossveins fuscous. Washington, D. C.
(Loew.) Fork of cubitus petiolate. (S. Henshaw, in litt.)

6. Procladius concinnus Coquillett
1895 T a n y p u s Coq. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 308

Light yellow, three vittae on the thorax reddisli yellow, the
middle one bordered each side with black, the lateral ones chang-
ing into black posteriorly; a dot at each front angle of the
scutellum, middle of motnnotum, a fascia at base of each ab-
dominal segment except the first, apices of tibiae, of metatarsi,
of the second joint of middle and hind tarsi, the whole of the
remaining joints and the last four of the front tarsi black.

130 NEW VOKK STATK M I'SEUM

Penultimate joint of hind tarsi obcordate, as broad as long.
Win<js naked, whitish h .\aline, veins pale yellowish, small cross-
\ciii clouded with brown, lirsi vein forked before its apex, the
fifth i cubit us i forking slightly beyond the crossvein. Length .'!
mm. Female. Tick Island. Florida.

7. Procladius humeralis Loew
1SGG Tauypus Lw. liorl. Knt. /cit. 3

Male and female. Keddish, the humeri and Ihe upper half of
the pleura white, the pecius and melanotum fuscous, the legs
white and Mark variegated, the wings bare, with a central black
spot which covers the cross veins, the penultimate tarsal joint
short, obcordate.

Male. The abdomen while and black ringed, the fore tibiae
while except the tip.

Female. The abdomen wholly black, the fore tibiae wholly
Mack. Length L'.T mm. to ::.:: mm. Wing L'.r. to '2.1 mm.

Head white, the disk of i he occiput fuscous. The antennae
fuscous, of which the llagellum of the male is paler. The thora x
red. in the male opaque, in the female somewhat shining and
often more deeply colored; the collar, humeri and upper half of
the pleura in both sexes white, though the color is less pure in
the female. The pecius and meiaiiolum fuscous black. The ab-
domen of the male is black, bui i he first t\vo segments. Ihe tip
of the third and fifth, and the fourth and sixth except (he base,
are while. All the femora in both sexes excepting the white bases
are black or pitchy; the fore tibiae of the female are of the same
color, those of the male are white with black tips; Ihe middle
tibiae of the female are usually black", rarely with a fuscous ring;
those of the male are white with black tip and base; the hind
tibiae except base and tip are whit*4 in both sexes; the fore tarsi
are black, the first joint is white except the tip. in both sexes; in
the male the base of the second is often lutescent; the first two
joints of the middle and hind tarsi of both sexes are white, with
black lips, the remaining joints being wholly black ; all the fourth
tarsal joints short, obcordate. The wings are bare, subhyaline,
with a small black spot covering the crossveins and anastomosing
with a minute spot on the cubitus. Cuba. (Loew.) Fork of
cubitus sessile. (P. Henshaw, in litt.) May possibly belong to
Anatopynia.

8. Procladius tricolor Loew
1861 T a n y p u s Lw. Berl. Ent Zeit. 309

Female. Yellowish, the thorax with reddish ferruginous stripes,
fuscous marginate, the abdominal segments with black bases and
yellow posterior margins ; the legs black-ringed ; the wings hya-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 131

line, bare, the longitudinal veins pale, the crossveins fuscous
black and fuscous bordered. Length 3.5 mm. Wing 3.75 mm.

The head is very pale yellow. The palpi fuscous. The antennae
are short, fuscous, with the scapus (basal joints) pale yellow.
Tlie humeral spots of the thorax and the pleura are pale yellow;
the dorsal stripes are confluent, reddish ferruginous, and fuscous
marginate. The scutellum is fuscous, with a yellow median line.
The metanotum is fuscous black ; the pectus ferruginous. The
first segment of the abdomen is wholly yellow, the second is yel-
low -with a fuscous base; the remaining segments are black, each
with a yellow posterior margin. The legs are yellow, black an-
nulate; the median ring of the femur is wide but somewhat faint,
the apical ring narrower and distinct; the tibial rings are dis-
tinct, the sub-basal one Avide, the apical one narrow. The fore
tarsus from the tip of the first joint is black, the middle and hind
tarsi each have the tip of the first joint and all the following
joints black. Halteres pale yellow. Wings hyaline, bare, the
longitudinal veins are yellowish, the crossveins are fuscous black
with a fuscous border. New York. (Loew.) Fork of cubitus
sessile. (S. Henshaw, in litt.) May possibly belong to Anatopynia.

9. Procladius caliginosus new species
(P1.27, flg.2)

Female. Dark brown, somewhat shining, with robust body.
Wings bare, slightly smoky, crossvein clouded. Length 3.5 to 4
mm.

Resembles P. pinguis Loew, differs from it in having the
antennae wholly fuscous, and in having the tibiae nearly wholly
brown. The head, mouth parts and antennae wholly fuscous, ver-
tex, shining. Dorsum of thorax shining brown, with three shining
dark brown stripes, the middle one divided. Scutelluim and meta-
notuim shining dark brown. Pleura pale brown, sternum darker
brown. Abdomen wholly dnrk brown, subsuming. Coxae pale,
trocanters and femora yellow, the apical one third of the first
pair of the femora and the apical one fourth or one fifth of the
second and the third pairs brown; tibiae brown, the middle sec-
tion of the middle pair slightly paler, the hind pair with a broad
yellowish band beyond the middle. Tarsi brown, the basal two
thirds of middle and hind metatarsi yellowish. Fourth tarsal
joints obcordate. Wings slightly smoky, particularly along the
course of the veins; anterior veins brown, crossvein clouded with
brown. RL, present, crossvein like, near the tip of Rj. The cubitus
forks a little beyond the M-Cu crossvein. Halteres sordidly yel-
low. Fore metatarsus about O.fi as long as its tibia. Several
specimens, Ithaca, N. Y.

NEW YORK STAT1-: .MlSKl.M

10. Procladius flavicinctus Loew
1801 Tuny pus L\v. I'.crl. Kut. /ril. i>.309

Male. 1'itchy black, shining; the base of cadi segment of the
abdonieii yellow; the wings hyaline, bare, the hea\icr veins fus-
cous; halteres white; legs yellow, the lips of the fore and hind
tibiae and the apical half of all the tarsi black. Length .". nun.
Wing '2.7 nun.

'Shining pitchy black. I'alpi yellow; face \ello\v; antennae
dark fuscous, its hairs of the same color. Pleura ferruginous.
The base of each of the a.hdominal segments is yellow, the yellow
of the anterior ones wide and entire, that of I he posterior ones
narrow and interrupted. The daspers are obtuse, equalling the
seventh segment in length. The legs are yellow, the tips of the
fore tibiae widely, tin- hind tibiae narrowly, black-ringed, the
fore tarsi from t he t ip of t he first joint . I he middle and hind tarsi
from the lip of the second joint onwards are black. The wings
are bare, hyaline, very faintly cinereous, the more delicate veins
testaceous, the heavier ones fuscous. Pennsylvania. (Tx)ew.)
Fork of cubitus petiolate. i s. llenshaw. in litt.)

11. Procladius adumbratus n. sp.

(Pi. 20, figs. 1-5)

The larvae were collected in -Inly and October in Kddy Pond,
Ithaca N. Y. The larva is a buff yellow, mottled more or less
with brownish spots. Length about 5 mm.

Head short, about one and one-half times as long as wide,
brownish, antenna about one-fourth longer than the mandible,
its basal joint more than three fourths the entire length. The
eye spots black, simple. Mandible rather slender, apical tooth
sharp, black tipped; the lateral teeth small and indistinct.
Maxilla large, with a prominent stout palpus. Hypopharynx
composed of a pair of curved pectinate chitinous branches ap-
parently connected in the center by membrane (fig-1, h). Labium
(1) with five teeth, the laterals a little longer than the median.
The lateral margins of the abdomen fringed with long but very
delicate pale hairs. Anterior legs with numerous, short, curved,
but not pectinate claws. The posterior claws are of two kinds,
the centrals long and slender (fig.2), and the marginals short and
flattened (fig.3) ; all of the same brownish color. The dorso-anal
papillae are long and slender, each with ten long brownish setae.
The four anal blood gills are pointed and slender, but not as long
as the anal prolegs.

The pupa is brownish; length about 3 mm. Respiratory
trumpets slender (fig.5), about as long as one of the abdominal

MAY FLIKS AND MllKJKS OF NK\V YOKlv 133

segments, the surface with minute, pointed, chitiiious scale-like
projections. ]>ody smootli and hairless; Ihe abdominal seamen Is
under the highest magnification minutely punctate; the lateral
margins of the last two segments with four or live pale, slender
h'laments. The caudal tin ( tig. 1 ) with rounded paddle, and with
small, short, marginal setae.

The imago, female. Head, including front, vertex, hack of head,
orbit, and basal antennal joint, yellowish. The second anlennal
joint and a triangular spot on vertex polished black; the remain-
ing antennal joints, the dorsal surface of proboscis and palpi deep
fuscous. Thorax, including pleura and pectus. yellowish like the
head, the last sometimes blackish; the dorsum with three dark
brown or black longitudinal stripes, the middle one divided; scu-
tellum and nietauotum blackish. Abdomen fuscous, each segment
\vith a wide dusky yellow, posterior margin; venter dusky yellow,
the hair of scutellum and the first abdominal segment stiff and
black, the remaining abdominal segments with yellowish hairs.
Legs yellowish, the tips of the tibiae and of the metatarsi, and the
whole of the remaining tarsal joints subfuscous or blackish. Fore
metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia. Fourth tarsal
joint olxordate.

Wings subhyaliue, hairless, the radial veins yellow, the basal
part of the media and cubit us as far as the crossveins dusky,
the latter also darkened; the other veins pale; Iv.2 present, near
the apex of Rj ; the cubitus forks far distad of the crossveins.
Halteres pale yellow. Length 2^ mm. Ithaca X. Y.

12. Procladius pinguis Loew
1861 T a n y p u s Lw. Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.308

(IM.27, fig.3; pl.19, figs. 3 and 4)

The larva is of a reddish color of almost as deep a shade as a
Ch iron o m u s larva. The single larval skin was lost. The
pupa, is fuscous: its respiratory trumpets are white, compara
tively large, with the free end open and larger in diameter than
at any other point. The surface quite smooth. The abdomen is
nearly devoid of setae, excepting the margin of the last two
segments, which are as shown in tig. I. pl.l!); each with about live-
filaments on each side. The caudal fin is nearly circular in out-
line with a V-shaped notch at the apex, margin ciliafe.

The imago, female. Black, shining; wings cinereous hyaline,
bare, the heavier veins dark fuscous; halteres white; first pair of
legs pitchy black, bases of femora yellow; middle and hind legs

134 NKW YORK STATIC MfSlCUM

yellow, the extreme tips of the tibiae and the apical half of each
tarsus black. Length ."...'! nun. Wing. •">.! mm.

The species resembles T. n e r vosns i Furopean!. but the
\ello\\ base of the aiiieiuiae and the white halteres distinguish il
with certainty. Shining pitchy black, palpi fuscous; face and
front sordidly ferruginous; antennae fuscous, the scapus and the
basal joints of the ilagellum yellow. Pleura ferruginous; pectus
\ellow. The fore le^s pitchy black, ihe coxae and basal third of
each femur yellow; the middle le^s \ello\v. the bases of their
tibiae infuscated. the ti| s of the tibiae and the part of the tarsus
from the tip of the metatarsus fuscous black ; the hind legs yellow,
the tip of tibia and the part of tarsus beyond the lip of the second
joint fuscous black, llalteres \ellowish white. Wings cinereous
hyaline, bare, the more delicate veins pale fuscous, the heavier
ones dark fuscous. New York.

To the ;ibo\e description may be added that in a newly
emerged specimen the dorsum of the thorax is distinctly striped,
with the space between the stripes \ellowish. The fourth tarsal
joint is longer than the fifth, and but little broadened. Legs
sparsely haired. Fore tibia about t \\jce as long as its meta-
tarsus. Wing venal ion as figured. One bred specimen. Ithaca,
X. Y.

13. Procladius scapularis Loew
1SGG Tany pus Lw. Berl. Ent. Xi-it. p.2

i P1.-J7. li-,4)

Male. The abdomen white and black annulate, the fore tibiae
and the fore metatarsi white except ing their tips.

Female. Abdomen \\holly black, the fore legs excepting the
bases of the femora black. Length )! to ."..T mm. Wings, 2.5 to
~.~ mm.

Male and female. I'.lack. the humeri and the upper half of the
pleura white, the le^s white and Idack variegated, (lie wings bare,
with a central black spot tovering the crossveins. the fourth tarsal
joint short, obcordate.

Head white, the disk of the occiput pitchy black; antennae of
the female short, fuscous; of the male antennae the first joint
is black, the Ilagellum subfuscous. The thorax of the male is
Idack and opaque, that of the female is pitchy black and sub-
shiny; the humeri. the collar, and the upper half of tlie pleura
white in both sexes. Scutellum same color as the thorax. Abdo-
men of the male black, excepting the whole of the first two seg-
ments, the posterior margin of the third, the posterior four-fifths
of the fourth, and the posterior one-half of the sixth, which are

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 135

white; the abdomen of (he female is wholly black. All the
femora excepting their white bases are black, or pitchy black
in both sexes; the tibiae and fore tarsi of the female are the
same color; those of the male are while, but the tips of the
tibiae and the tarsi from the end of the tirst joint are black.
The middle and hind tibiae are white, the base and tip widely
black; the middle and hind tarsi black, the first joint except its
tip white; all the fourth tarsal joints of both sexes short,
obeordate. llalteres whitish. Wings bare, subhyaline, with a
small black spot, which covers the crossvein and anastomoses
with a small spot (also black) on the cubitus. The female differs
in having black middle tibiae each with a white ring. Wash-
ington, I). C.

A male and a female specimen, the first from New Jersey, the
second from Washington, D. C., in my possession agree perfectly
with the above description. Jt may be added that the basal two-
thirds of the antennae and its hairs are pale fuscous, the apical
one-third darker.

Genus 16. Anatopynia, new genus
T any pus Meigen. Illiger's Mag. 1803 (pt.)

Belongs to the group Ta, nypus. Antennae fifteen-jointed
in both sexes; wings bare; E2 usually present near the tip of R3;
fork of the cubitus slightly proximad of the M-Cu. crossvein.
Type of the genus T . p 1 u m i p e s Fries (1S23).

To this genus probably belong also the following European
species : forcipatus Egger (1803) ; n u d i p e s Zett. (1850) ;
consobrinus Zett.; lactipennis Zett.; morio Zett.;
pub it arsis Zett. The species tricolor Lw. (N. Y.),
humeral is Lw. (Cuba) and turpis Zett. (Greenland) may
possibly belong in this genus. See descriptions on p. 127, 130. Of
this group Meinert (1SSG) has figured the respiratory organ of
the pupa of p 1 u m i p e s.

Genus 17. Ablabesmyia, new genus
T a n y p u s Meigen. 1803 (pt.) ; Tan y p u s Skuse. 1889

Antennae 15-jointed (counting basal joint); wings hairy, the
cubitus forks at or before the M-Cu. crossvein.

For this subdivision Skuse (1889) had proposed to retain the
name Ta nypus Meigen, but this cannot be maintained for
the reasons given on p. 125.

M:\V YOIJK STVTK

KEY TO SPECIES OF ABLABESMYIA
Larva*

<i I.aliium \vitli hill four teeth. pl.T.i. Hg..~. . .'-!.">. Species from Ithaca, N. Y.
mi I.abiiim with live led li

// Several elaws of Hie posterior feet stouter :ill(l e< >HSpicll< Ulsl.V darker

colored than ll ..... tilers. pl.T.i. I'm. II. Antennae over three times as

long as I lie i na i id i hies. . ............................ »;. in i> n i 1 i s

lih ('laws of posirrior feel all the <ai ..... -nlor

-• Antennae rather short and stout < pl.l'n. lig. 1> less than !.."• times
as long as Ihe maiidihle; sides of abdomen fringed laterally \vith
hairs .................. I' r o <• 1 a d i n s a d u in h r a t n s ( q. v.)

<•<• Antennae over t \\iee as liuiu' as the mamlihles

<l Teeth nf lahium of almiit equal length i antennae three tiir.es as
long as the mandible, pl.'J". ti_r.i'> .................. 4. <• a r n e a

</'/ Not as aho\ e

< .Maiidihle stout at ha-e \\iili disiind tooth near apex ; hasal
joint of antenna Mhmit I u o thirds of total length, pl.l'.l, ti.i;s. If.
and 17 .............................. '_"_'. 1' a s t u o s a n. sp.

'< Antenna \\ilh its ha<al joint c.ver three fourths the total length,
pl.l'.i. li_r. 1 ......................... U;. f la vif rons n. sp.

a S\viiuininir paddle rounded, not sharply notched at apex

h Trumpet rather elongate, over four times as lon^ as wide; swimming
paddle as shown in pi. -Jo. li-. I

1' i- o e 1 a d i u s a d u in h r a t u s (q. v.)

bit Trumpet short i pl.T.i. I i •_'..". i : swimming paddle as shown on pl.TA
flg.4 ........................... I' r o e 1 a d i u s p i n £ u i s (<j. v.)

<ni Swimming paddle with l\\« pointed lohes

li Thoraeic resjiiratory oruan ( trumpet i eLrur shaped, with very small
aperture, pl.l'.t. lij:. 1.", ................................ 0. m o n i 1 i s

hl> I'.rea tiling or.iran funnel or elnh-shaped

r r.reathinu' oriran eluh -shaped. pl.T.i. ti^.L'. . 1<>. flavifrons n. sp.
rr r.reathiiiL: oriran not of this type

<l Swimming paddle rather hroad, hut little longer than wide. pi. 10.
fig.G. Trumpet as shown in liir.7 .................. 10. d y a r i

ild Swininiin.i; paddles quite pointed

' I'addle and hreathing trumpet as shown on pi. 10, figs. 18
and 10 .................................... 22. f a s t u o s a

cc As shown on pi. 20, figs. 7 and 8 ................... 4. c a r n e a

Imagines

a Wings clouded (banded or spotted)
b Legs nearly uniform in color

c Wings uniformly spotted with fuscous; fuscous species; the thorax
with three dusky stripes; legs yellow; length 4.5 mm. ; female.
(=?decedens Walk. ) ................... 1. p i c t i p e n n i s

cc Smaller paler species; the wings with few large bars or spots

<? The first fascia of the wing lies distad of the crossvein ; length
2^ to 4 nun ., ................... 2. bifasciata

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 137

dd The fascia lies proximad or over the crossvcin

c The abdominal segments of the male each have brown posterior

margins ; head brown, 3 mm 3. f u t i 1 i s

ec The abdominal segments of the male have brownish fasciae or
spots near (interior margin of cadi; the female has a brown-
ish abdomen with paler posterior margins to the segments
f Three to five mm. in length ; pale yellowish ; abdominal fas-
ciae of the male pale brown ; dorsal stripes reddish or

brown 4. c a r n e a

ff Two and one half mm. or less in length; thorax brownish;

dividing lines cinerous 4a. var. a. c a r n e a

) Legs distinctly bicolored
c Wings spotted but not banded

d Species with brown or black thorax and abdomen, pi. 37, fig.17

(Greenland) - 5. p u 1 c h r i p e n n i s

(W Pale (reddish or yellowish) species

e Tibia with three rings; femur with one at the tip (=annu-

latus Say) G. monilis

ee Tibia not with three rings

f Femur with two brownish rings near the apex ; wing with
about eleven brown spots (California and New Mexico)

7. v e n u s t a
ff Femur with one ring

g Abdomen of male pale yellow, black and brown fasciate ;
wing with apex from slightly before tip of R1? grayish
brown and containing several whitish hyaline drops ;

length 5 mm. (Washington) 8. g u 1 1 u 1 a r i s

gg Abdomen brownish fasciate ; wing with apical half with
many mostly isolated brown spots ; length 3 to 4 nun.

( New Mexico ) 9. b a r b e r i

cc Wing with one or more cross bands

d Femora and sometimes tibiae also with brown bands

e Wing with median band and apical third of wing brownish,
marked w7ith several hyaline spots ; each femur with sub-
apical ring, tibia with basal ring ; length 3 to 4 mm.

10. d y a r i
cr Apex of wing with band or spot, but no hyaline spots in it

f Wings yellow, humeral crossvein brown clouded, brown fascia

across wing and at apex of vein It,, each femur with

apical and tibia with basal band ; tarsi white, apical joint

brown ; length 3 to 3.5 mm. (New Jersey) . .11. j o h n s o n i

ff A pale brown cloud near the tip of the wing also ; length 3 to

5 mm 12. o r n a t a

</<l Femora and tibiae not banded, or with only apices of femora and

either bases or apices of tibiae slightly darkened
e Wing with one faint: brown band. Yellow species with three
thoracic stripes, metanotum, spots on pleura and sternum,
brownish black; apices of femora and bases of tibiae brown-
ish ; length 3 mm. ; female (Alaska) 13. a 1 g e n s

138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ec Wing with t\vo cross bands and the apex largely brown, these
bauds containing hyaline spots; apices of femora and tibiae
slightly darkened ; length :; nun. ( New Hampshire) (com-
pare dyari) 14. discolor

aa Wings not clouded excepting sometimes the m^svein of a faint smoki-

ness near the apical end
b Pale species
c Species over 3 turn, in length

d Wholly yellowish species 15. m e 1 a n o p s

d'l Abdomen, at least of Hie male, with brown fasciae
C Thoracic stripes, metanotum. and sternum In-own

1G. f 1 a v i f r o u s n. sp.

ce Thoracic stripes, etc.. yellow - 1. n i g r<> p u n<- 1 a t a

cc Species less than '_'.."• mm. in length

d Tliofax not striped; pale yellow >pc.-ies

e Length 1.5 to - mm.. I'mnt metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia ;

(St Vincent Island) IT. flaveola

ee Length 1 nun., basal cells ..f win- short (D. C.)

20. p i 1 o s e 1 1 a
<lil Thorax with longitudinal stripes

6 Abdomen pale yellow; the male with se-meiits two to five with
a band near the base and nearly the whole of the following
segments pale brownish; month parts brown; 1L present near
the tip of HI; length 1. •_'.'• to •_'..'. mm. (New Mexico). (A
variety with yellow mouth parts from New York.)

18. p a 1 1 e u s
ee Not as above ; basal cells of wing short

f Species 1.5 to 2.2.~> mm. long; abdomen brown with ashy pos-
terior margins to the segments; crossvein proximad of the
basal third of the wing (New York and St Vincent Island)

19. i n d e c i s a
ff Species 1 mm. in length (Wellington, D. C.)

20. p i 1 o s e 1 1 a
6& Darker species

c Halteres pale fuscous; blackish; legs sordidly yellowish brown;
tibiae long-haired: thorax dark; abdomen somewhat shining and
fuscous haired; the R-M n-ossvein near the middle of the wing;

length 2.5 mm. (Greenland) 21. t i b i a 1 i s Staeger

cc Not as above

d Length 3 mm. ; metatarsus about 0.6 as long as the tibia ; halteres

white 22. f a s t u o s a n. sp.

dd Length 3.5 to 4 mm. ; halteres luteous 23. hirtipennis

1. Ablabesmyia pictipennis Zetterstedt

1838 T any pus Zett. Ins. Lappon. SIS. (=? T. decedens Walker)
1S7S T a n y p u s O. S. Cat'l. Dipt. 22

Female. Fuscous black, pilose; the thorax with three dusky
stripes ; the wings white, uniformly sprinkled with fuscous clouds ;
the halteres white; the legs yellow. Length 4.5 mm. This species

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 139

resembles T. n e 1) u 1 o s u s (an European species) but is a little
smaller, the abdomen is not annulate, the incisurcs only being
narrowly pallid, and the wings are white, uniformly fuscous
spotted, hairy. Greenland. (Staeger and Lundbeck.)

T. n e b u 1 o s u s mentioned above is a grayish brown fly
about 7 mm. long, with striped thorax and banded abdomen;
legs reddish yellow, the tibiae with dark tips and the tarsi
dusky; wings hairy, clouded; the fork of the cubitus sessile.

The description of T a n: y p u s d e c e d e n s Walker p. 22.
(1S4S) is as follows: This species resembles T. nebulosus
Meigen, but the spots of the wings are much, fainter and the tips
of the thighs and of the shanks are not dark. Length of the body,
4 mm. Of the wings 10 mm. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River,
Hudson Bay Tor.

2. Ablabesmyia bifasciata Coquillett
1901 T any pus Coq. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23:609

Male. Differs from johnsoni (see number 11) as follows: Front
corners of scutellum brown, apical joint of tarsi white, no brown
band on femora, nor on tibiae, brown of abdomen confined to a
fascia at base of segments 2 to G and middle of dorsum of seventh,
(front tarsi wanting), hairs of wings chiefly brown, humeral
crossvein not bordered with brown, the first fascia lies beyond the
small crossvein; length, 4 mm.

Female. Hairs of antennae whitish, abdomen yellow, destitute
of brown markings, otherwise as in the male. Length 2.5 mm. A
specimen of each sex.

Habitat. Rivertou, N. J. (C. W. Johnson)*; Pennsylvania; and
Boston, Mass.

3. Ablabesmyia futilis Van der Wulp
1868 T any pus Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. ser.2. 2 (X), 330

Fuscous; the abdomen white and fuscous annulate; scutellum,
legs and halteres pale yellow; wings pilose, clouded and spotted;
fork of the cubitus sessile. Male; length, .°>mm.

Male. The head is dark 'brown, on the eye margins with a paler
sheen; proboscis and palpi brown; antennae with its hairs yellow-
ish brown. The thorax moderately arched, dark brown, the ante-
rior margin, the humeri, and a pair of longitudinal stripes upon the
dorsum with a whitish sheen; scutellum whitish yellow; meta-
notum blackish. Abdomen transparent whitish, with a broad
brown posterior margin on each scgmciil and a blackish brown
interrupted longitudinal dorsal stripe; the last segment wholly
darkened, somewhat flattened, the last two segments a little broad-

140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ened; the claspers brownish yellow, MS long as the last segment;
the hair of the abdomen pale yellow or light brown, very dense
and long. Legs unicolored, pale brownish yellow; the coxae
alone somewhat darker; the fore tarsi not hairy; the fore meta-
tarsus about one fourth shorter than the tibia; the fore femora
upon the flexor surface, as also the whole of the hind legs with a
moderately long, delicate, yellowish hair. Halteres pale yellow
or whitish. Wings hairy, hence grayish, clouded and spotted;
the most conspicuous spot 'Covers the crossveins, another spot
nearer the wing tip between the radius and media, another below
the crossveiu not far from the posterior margin; the humeral
crossvein is black ; the media is bent downwards a little just be-
fore its ending at the wing tip ; the fork of the cubitus begins at
the M-Cu crossvein and is therefore sessile. Translation from the
Dutch of Y. d. Wulj). Wisconsin.

4. Ablabesmyia carnea Fabricius

1805 Cb. ironomus Fabr. Syst. Ant. 41, 1C

1818 T a n y p u s Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 :G7, 21

1850 T a n y p u s Zetterstedt. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3620

1864 T a n y p u s Schiner. Fauna Austriaca. 2 :G20

1877 T a n y p u s V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerlandica. p.304

1823 Tan y pus albipes Fries. Monogr. Tanyp. Suec. 1C, 11

(P1.20, figs. 6, 7, 8)

•

Larva. Larvae from Ithaca, N. Y. Reddish yellow. Head
about three times as long as wide, the antennae slender, three
times as long as the mandible, the first joint three-fourths of the
total length. The labrum smooth above, hairy beneath, with
two short and two more elongate, very slender-jointed papillae.
Mandibles slender, apical tooth black tipped, elongate, lateral
teeth small and irregular. Maxilla with a stout cylindrical
palpus, having a crown of 5 or 6 apparently jointed terminal
joints. The marginal teeth of the labium are rounded, of equal
size and five in number; those of the hypo-pharynx are minute,
rounded and also of equal size (fig. 6, h). The body has a very
few scattered minute setae. Caudal appendages as shown in
pi. 19, fig.10. The claws of the posterior legs are very slender,
and the slender, central ones apparently without a basal promi-
nence. Anterior claws quite numerous and slender, not pecti-
nate.

Pupa. Yellowish; length 4 mm. Respiratory trumpet cucum-
ber shaped with basal end somewhat curved and tapering (pi. 20,
fig.7); near the base of each is an arcuate transverse line of
short, pale, blunt tubercles. Abdominal segments nearly devoid
of setae. The caudal fin (pl.20, fig.8) consists of two pointed

MAI rui:s \MI \niM.i:s OK \K\V YOUK 141

processes, each with a pair of pale, slender filaments, and on tin1
lateral margin of cadi of the last two segments are four or live of
such filaments.

Imago. Male and female. Tale yellow, wings marked, legs
pale yellow. Length .'! to T> mm.

Male. Head pale yellow, including liasal joint, of the antenna.
Antennae yellowish brown, eyes black, palpi and apex of the
proboscis fuscous. Thorax pale yellow with three wide buff-
colored stripes; or it may be said that the dorsum of the thorax
is bull' colored, haying three fine whitish lines, upon each of
which there is a close row of pale hairs. In some lights the
anterior part of the thorax, a space in front of the scutellum
and the scutellum haye a whitish sheen. Pleura, metanotum
and sternum are yellow or buff-colored, the first has 3 brownish
bars or spots; the last has its sides brownish. The abdomen is
pale yellow; near the anterior margin of each segment is a trans-
yerse row of brown spots; these are sometimes confluent and
thus form bands; the last two or three segments are more
brownish. (lenitalia conspicuous, pale yellow. The hairs on
abdomen and genitalia pale. Logs, including coxae, cream-
white, the hairs pale, apex of each tibia with a very minute black
comb with one tooth prolonged into a spur. Fore metatarsus
more than three-fourrhs as long as its tibia. Wings hairy; a
brown cloud covering the crossveins, a larger paler cloud at the
tip of Rj extending nearly across the wing, but yery faintly
beyond the media; a third faint cloud at the apex of Cu2 extend-
ing to the media; a fourth yery faint one in the anal cell. Veins
pale, except the crossveins which appear dark. Some of the
spots on the wing in some specimens coalesce so their wings
may be said to have two cross bands. Italteres white.

Female. Differs from the nial<- in Inning pale yellow anten-
nae; palpi sometimes pale, abdomen yellow, the posterior margin
of the segments with a whitish sheen. The wings are broader.

^'(u•. a. female. Differs from (he above in having the anterior
end of all three dorsal stripes tipped with dark brown, and two
small dark brown spots on the middle of the median stripe.
.Metanotum with a white central line, pleura with three brown
dashes, two vertical and one hori/onlal. Several specimens.
Ithaca X. Y.

1 fir. 1). female, hilfers from a typical specimen in having a
deeper yellow thorax, brownish stripes, yellowish brown meta-
thnrax. pleura and sternum yellowish brown or brownish.
Abdominal segments with indistinct yellowish posterior mar-
gins. Legs yellow, last two tarsal joints infuscated. Several
specimens. Ithaca X. Y.

342 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

\'(ir. c. male. Yellowish brown; length 2 to 2.5 mm. Thorax,
including pleura, sin -1111111. anil nietanotum reddish brown, scutel-
lum and hnnieri yellow, dorsuni of thorax with three indistinct
longitudinal stripes darker l>rowu. I»y oblique light it appears
as if then- were four dark brown stripes and live narrow whitish
ones. Abdomen yellowish white, with the anterior margin of
each segment blackish, this color produced backward on the
dorsal and ventral surface in a line line, forming broken longi-
tudinal stripes. Posterior segments and the genitalia more
brownish.

Female like the male, but the abdomen is brown, with slightly
paler posterior margins. Ithaca X. Y.

5. Ablabesmyia pulcripennis Lnndbeck
1898 Tany pus Lundb. Yiilensk. Mc.ldr]. p.293

(P1.37, fig.17)

Male. Thorax cinereous black, with three wide black stripes,
the median one posteriorly, the two lateral ones anteriorly ab-
breviated, the former divided by a line longitudinal line, the in-
termediate space and the lateral margin of the dorsum with
erect black pile; sciitellum and metathorax black, the sternum
and the sides of the thorax cinereous. Abdomen slender, black,
with dense brown pile, the claspers quite large, shining, pilose.
Antennae brownish. Legs brown or dusky, tibiae and tarsi
white annulate. Ilalteres yellow. ^Vings densely clothed with
hairs, and therefore cloudy; at the costal margin yellowish
tinged, the costal veins pah- brown, the others not colored. The
venation as shown on pl.o", fig. IT. The legs have long pile, the
fore metatarsus is one-third shorter than the tibia.

Female. The female is shorter and stouter than the male, the
legs are a little paler, the femora yellow, with ihe tips blackish
brown. Legs all with shorter and less dense pile, the antennae
brown, shorter than the thorax, in other respects like the male.
Greenland. Translation.

6. Ablabesmyia monilis Linne

1758 T i p u 1 a Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X. p.587

1707 T i p u 1 a Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2 :975

1804 Cuironomus Meigen. Klass. 1 : 19, 24

ISIS T a n y p u s Meigen. Syst. Besclir. 1 : 60

1S50 T a n y p u s Meig. Zett Dipt Scand. 9 : 3613

1864 T a n y p u s Meig. Sehiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 620

1877 T a n y p n s Meig. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 1 : 302

1776 Tipula inaculatus Degeer. Meru. 1'hist. Ins. 6 : 394

1823 Tan y pus a n u u 1 a t u s Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3:15

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 1 !•">

(PI. 10, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and pl.27, fig.G)

Larva. The hi r vac were found in Ithaca and Saranac Inn,
N. Y. They are yellow with In-own markings; length 6-7 mm.
Head brown, about twice as long as wide; antennae slender,
2.5 times as long as the mandibles, the basal joint about six-
sevenths of the whole length. Mandible slender (fig.14 md) the
apex black and sharp, the two lateral teeth short and sharp.
Maxilla (mx) large with a mesad projecting process; its palpus
(p) jointed, about one-half as long as the mandible, with a pair
of apical papillae. Labium (1) with five black teeth, the laterals
larger and longer than the median; hypopharynx (h) with a
toothed margin, excepting its middle section (covered by the
labium) which connects the lateral parts. The anterior claws
are numerous, slender, curved at the tip but not pectinate. The
abdomen is glabrous. The posterior appendages resemble those
shown in fig. 10, having elongate dorsal papillae each with about
six apical setae. The claws of the anal prolegs differ from those
of allied species in having two on each foot stouter, and much
darker colored (fig.1.2) than the others (fig.ll). Besides the stout
dark ones there are the usual number of paler, stout marginals,
and slender centrals.

Pupa. Dark yellow, mottled ; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Respira-
tory organs ellipsoidal, dark colored (fig.13), smooth surfaced,
the polygonal areas of the chitin distinctly visible. The apical
aperture minute. At the base upon the thorax there is a trans-
verse row of small, sharp tubercles. The surface of the abdomen
without hairs, excepting the lateral margin of the last two seg-
ments, which have four or five long filaments. The caudal fin
has two pointed lobes each with a pair of filaments.

Imago. Whitish; antennae of the male with pale brown hairs;
of the female still paler; palpi yellowish. Thorax pale ashgray
with five narrow longitudinal stripes, with wider intermediate
spaces; the fine lines with hairs; scutellum reddish yellow,
int'tanotum brownish black. Abdomen of the male with a more
or less distinct interrupted longitudinal stripe, which broadens
on the last segments; the claspers whitish, rather short (pl.32.
fig.3). In the female the abdomen is wholly dark brown. Legs
white, with narrow brown rings, one just before the tip of the
femur, three on the tibia, two on the first tarsal joint and one
on each of the following joints. In the male the fore tarsi and
the hind legs are short haired; the fore metatarsus about one-
fourth shorter than the tibia. TIalteies white; wings with a
whitish tint, hairy, with brown bordered crossveins and many
brownish gray spots. R2 is present, near the tip of Rx ; the cubitus
forking proximad of the crossvein. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

144 NEW YORK STATi: MUSKI'M

1 can not distinguish tin- American specimens from those
which I have from Kurope. The marks upon the abdomen of
the male are quite variable; in sonic specimens 1 he y are simply
spots on the posterior lateral margins of the segments, in others
tlie\ form a broken median dorsal stripe, and in still others they
are almost entirely wanting. The male geiiitalia in some speci-
ments are somewhat brownish. The dark spots upon the wing
are arranged as follows: One on the humeral crossvein, one on
the discal crossvcins. one at the tip of R,, and one at the tip of
R44.v The paler spois are larger than the darker ones. There
is one below the tip of R4+ ,, one in the middle of cell K4+0, a
small one at the tip of the median, and one at the tip of each
branch of the cubit us. one or two in the median cell and several
in the anal cell. The fork of the cubilus is also clouded. Some
of these spots are not always distinct because the color is due
to the darker colored hairs, which are easily rubbed oil'. The
wing of the female is usually darker than that of the male.
I I'l.-T, fig.G.) Specimens from New .Jersey, Illinois, Ithaca, N. Y.,
South Dakota.

Osten Sacken. in a note in his catalogue of the North American
Diptera (isTSi. first calls attention to the fact that T. a n n u-
1 a t u s Say and m o n o 1 i s Linn, may be synonymous. I have
compared the North American species, which agree perfectly with
Say's description, with specimens of monilis from Europe,
and I can find no differences. For the sake of comparison, Say's
description is given below.

TIIHI/IIHS (innitlatH* Say
Jour. Ac. Nat. Se. Phil. 3:15. 1S'_'::

Tergnm annulate Avith dusky; wings clouded with dusky and
with three or four blackish points. Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Head and stethidium red-brown ; thorax, the anterior dilated
line with a brown line along its middle; feet white, thighs having
an anmilus near the tip. and tibia with one at base and two near
the tip fuscous: wings with large, obsolete, dusky, spots or
clouds, and three or four black-brown points, of which two are
toward the middle of the wing, and the remainder on the costal
margin near the tip; tergum segments with a dusky annulus at
their bases. Length about 3/20 in. Male.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 145

7. Ablabesmyia venusta Coquillett
1902 T u n y p u s Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25 :91

(P1.27, fig.8)

Male. Head black, mouth parts brown, antennae pale yellow,
middle of joints of basal half and whole of the apical joint brown,
the hairs brown and yellowish ; thorax black, opaque, mottled
with grayish pruinose spots and lines; scutellum yellowish, its
narrow base, stripe in middle, and nearly whole of under side
dark brown; aJbdomen whitish, an interrupted band on the hind
end of the first five segments and nearly the whole of the follow-
ing segments brown ; legs yellow, two bands near apex of each
femur, one near base of each tibia, also apices of tibiae and of joints
of tarsi -brown; wings covered with hairs, hyaline, marked with
aibout 11 brown spots located at extreme base of wing, on
humeral crossvein, before middle of axillary cell, beyond middle
of anal cell, on the central crossveins, near middle of cell R^+g
near apex of this cell, beyond middle of cell M and of cell Cu, and
at the apices of the vein R: and of R3 ; Rx near its apex connected
with R3 by R2; cubitus forks slightly before the crossvein. Length
4 mm. Los Vegas Hot Springs, N. M.

Four male specimens from Leland Stanford jr. University,
California, agree with the description given by Mr. Coquillett,
excepting that the fasciae at the posterior margins of the abdomi-
nal segments are not interrupted, but are produced forward a
little at the middle. Upon the ventral surface of each segment
in front of the posterior margin there is a black spot. The large
basal joint of the antenna and the genitalia are brown. Hal-
teres vellow.

Four female specimens from the same place are like the male,
but the antennae are wholly fuscous, and the abdomen is darker,
with more yellowish, and the venter is brown. The fore meta-
tarsus is about six tenths as long as its tibia.

8. Ablabesmyia guttularis Coquillett
1902 T any pus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:92

Head and its members dark brown, joints two to four of an-
tennae, apices of the other short ones, and a space before the apex,
light yellow, plumosity brown, changing into whitish at the apices;
thorax black, opaque, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with
three indistinct dark vittae, the middle one divided by a median
black line prolonged to the scutellum, the latter light j-ellow;
the abdomen pale yellowish, first segment with two brown vittae,
the others with a black fascia before the middle of each, hairs of

146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

each segment consisting of an anterior whorl and a posterior
transverse pair of clusters ; legs light yellow, coxae black, a brown
band before apex of each femur and another beyond base of each
tibia, apices of tibiae and of tarsi brown, front tarsi ciliate with
several rather long hairs; wings wholly r<i\ered with hairs, whitish
hyaline, from base to small crossvein marked with four brown
spots, one on humeral crossvein, two in anal cell, and one before
apex of basal cell R, passing over the crossvein at apex of basal cell
M and reaching the Aving margin, where it is greatly extended
and rather faint; a brown spot at base of vein R4-K,, apex of wing
from slightly before the tip of II l grayish brown and containing
several whitish hyaline drops; Rx near its tip connected with R3
by the oblique R, ; halieres whitish; length ;"> mm. Two males.
Pullman, Washington.

To the above description I ma.\ add that the female differs from
the male in having the abdominal segments more yellowish, writh
narrow basal fasciae, and the wing markings are somewhat darker,
the anal cell being brown with several hyaline spots; length 4 mm.
Five females. Pullman, Washington.

9. Ablabesmyia barberi ('oqnillett
1902 T any pus Coq. Tree. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:90

Male. Yellowish \\hiie. apices and a broad band at middle of
antennae; three vitiae on inesnnotum; the metanotnm, spots on
the pleura and sternum, black; month parts, a band near bases
of segments 2 to 5; the whole of the following segments except
their hind borders, also apices of femora, both ends of tibiae,
apices of first four joints of tarsi and whole of last one, pale
brownish; mesonotnm opaque, gray pruinose; hairs of the an-
tennae pale yellowish; wings covered with hairs, hyaline, from the
base to the small crossvein marked with three brown spots, one
on the humeral crossveiu and two behind the anal vein ; from small
crossvein to wing tip are many, mostly isolated, brown spots;
R! near its apex connected with R, by the oblique R2; cubitus
forks slightly before the crossvein; length 4 mm.

Female. Like the male except that there is no black ring at
middle of the antennae, and the abdomen is dark brown, chang-
ing into yellow at the apex, the broad hind margins of the seg-
ments whitish ; length 3 rum. Las Vegas, Hot Springs N. M.

10. Ablabesmyia dyari Coquillett
1902 T a n y p u s Coq. Ent. News, p.85

(P1.19, fig. 7, and pl.27, fig.9)

The pupa is figured and briefly described by Doctor H. G.
Dyar (1902) p.56. He says, "It resembles a Culex pupa,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 147

lias the same habits, resting- al I he surface of the water with
the slender funnel-shaped prothoracic air tubes penetrating the
surface film and quickly descends when disturbed. The anal
paddles resemble those of G u 1 e x , but are more hairy."

This species was also bred in a laboratory jar at Ithaca N. Y.,
the larva having been collected from one of the ponds in the
vicinity. The empty larval skin of the single specimen was lost.

Pupa. Fuscous green. Respiratory trumpet (pl.19, fig.7)
somewhat elongate, its free end open, the surface rugose. There
are no blunt setae near the base. Body nearly devoid of setae,
excepting the margin of the last two segments, which have four
or five lateral filaments each. The caudal fin consists of two
pointed lobes with ciliate margins (pl.19, fig-6).

Imago. Male and female. Yellowish brown, the scutellum,
abdomen, halteres and legs pale yellowish, the abdomen chang-
ing into yellowish brown toward the apex and with a similarly
colored band on the preceding segments except the first, a brown-
ish band before apex of each femur and near the base of each
femur and near base of each tibia ; autennal plumosity of male
brown mixed with whitish and changing into white at the apex;
niesonotum opaque, grayish pruinose, the three vittae indistinct,
yellowish brown; abdominal segments 2 to 6 bearing near the
base a dorsal cluster of rather long brown hairs; front tibiae
only pubescent, their tarsi bearing a few rather long hairs, middle
and hind tibiae densely covered with such hairs; wings densely
haired, hyaline, a median band and the apical third brownish and
marked with several hyaline spots; median band very irregular,
greatly contracted at the middle and expanded at each end, the
median crossvein about at its middle and clouded with darker
brown, the hyaline spots principally situated near the hind mar-
gin of the wing; brown at apex of wing contains about eight
hyaline spots and dots; cubilus forks slightly before the cross-
vein; length 3 to 4 mm. Washington D. 0. ; New York; Massa-
chusetts; South Dakota; Pennsylvania, and Michigan.

In an immature specimen the parts of the body described
above as yellowish are more or less green. Wing venation as
figured on pl.27, fig.O. The fore metatarsus is but little over one-
half as long as its tibia.

11. Ablabesmyia johnsoni <'o<|uillett
1901 T any pus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 2.°, :G09

Male. Yellow, the srutHhiin, lialteros, and tarsi white; apical
joint of the latter, a band before apex of each femur and near
base of each tibia brown, abdomen whitish, each segment with

148 NEW YORK STATi: MUSEUM

ail irregular brown mark, composed principally of two median
vittae and a posterior arcuate fascia, most distim-t on the median'
segments, on the apical ones expanded so as to rover nearly the
entire dorsuin ; hairs of antennae mixed pale yellow and In-own,
their apices chiefly whitish, niesonotnm opaque, whiiish prninose;
in certain lights three dark yellow \ iliac arc visible; fi-ont tarsi
clothed with very short hairs, ihc Mrs I joint two-thirds as long
as the tihia; wings whiiish hyaline, almost wholly covered with
yellow hairs, humeral crossvein bordered \\iih brown, a broad
pale brownish fascia crosses the wing jnsl before Ihe small cross-
vein, and a second slightly broader one at apex of K,. cnbitus fork-
ing a short distance before the small crossvein; length •>>.."i mm.

Female, hill'ers from the male as follows: Abdomen with
dark yellow mottlings. destitute of brown markings, hairs of
antennae whitish, viliae of mesonolnin more distinct; length •">
nun. Kiverton X. -I.

12. Ablabesmyia ornata .Meigen

ts:;x Tany pus Mvij,'. Sy^t. r.,-<clir. It, 7:31
1804 Tany pus Scbiner. Fauna Austr. L':''.'Jo
1877 Tany pus V. d Wulp. Dipt. NY«Tl. p.304

Male. 1'ale yellow: the antenna and its hairs of the male
pale brown. Thorax with three deeper \ello\\- stripes; the t\vo
lateral ones bounded anteriorly b\ a line brown or black line,
which is continued over the pleura to the base of the wing; nieta-
notuin brownish. Abdomen with slightly darkened incisures; the
last segments of the male brownish yellow; claspers yellowish,
quite stout. Legs whitish ; near the apex of the femur a brownish
ring; the tips of the tibiae slightly browned; fore metatarsus a
little shorter than the tibia; fore tarsi of the male slightly ciliate.
ITalteres white. Wings hairy, pale yellow, with two cross bands
and a dark spot at the anterior margin a short distance from the
tip; the crossveins blackish bordered; the venation as usual.
Length 5..") mm.

Yar. a. female. Differs from the above in having the abdomen
with mottled dark brown irregular fascia on each segment. The
fore metatarsus about three-fourths as long as its tibia.

Yin: 1). female. Differs from the typical form in having three
distinct, opaque, ferruginous thoracic stripes, huineri white, an-
terior margin of the dorsuin narrowly blackened ; no blackish
pleura! spots ; metanotium and sides of scutellum ferruginous or
brownish. Aibdomen brown, segments with paler posterior mar-
gins. The brown clouds on the wings so coalesce that the wings
may be described as having two wide, irregular cross bands, one
before the middle and one between the middle and the tip ; cross-
veins almost black. Several specimens, Itbaca. N". Y.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 149

13. Ablabesmyia algens Coqnillett

1902 T any pus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:90

Female. Yellow, three vittac on the mesonotum; the metano-
tuim, spots on the pleura, and the sternum, 'brownish black; mouth
parts, apices of femora, and bases of tibiae brownish; mesonotum
grayish pruinose, the vittae somewhat polished; wings covered
with hairs, hyaline, crossed at the middle 'by a faint brownish
band which extends from small crossveiu half way to the wing
tip; Rj near its apex connected with R3 by the oblique R2; ctibitus
forks slightly before the erossvein; length 3 mm. Popoff Island,
Alaska.

14. Ablabesmyia discolor Coquillett

1902 T a n y p u s Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25 :89

Female. Yellowish brown ; antennae, scutellum, large portion
of abdomen, legs except apices of femora and tibiae, also the
halteres, yellow; mesonotum grayish pruinose, most dense at the
liumeri and in front of scutelluin ; wings whitish hyaline; two
crossbands and the apex largely brown ; the first band is on a
line with the humeral crossvein, and along costa is broadly con-
nected with the second band, which is located at the small cross-
vein; behind the cuibitus the second baud is prolonged to meet
the brown at apex of wing; the latter begins a short distance
before the apices of R! and of On,, and encloses a large hyaline
spot in apex of cell M and cell <1u,, also two yellowish costal
spots ; the brown along the costa comprises two spots of a darker
color than the remainder of the brown at the apex of the wing,
and between the first of these spots and the preceding brown
band is a large yellow costal spot; wings densely covered with
hairs, which are yellowish on the hyaline portions and brown
on the dark spots; R, connected with R.. a short distance before
its tip by the oblique R2. Cu'bitus forks slightly before the cross-
vein. Length 3 mm. New Hampshire.

15. Ablabesmyia melanops Wied. (Meig.)

1818 T any pus Meigen. Syst. Besciir. 1:G5, 18

1850 T a n y p u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3621

1SG4 T a n y p u s Scbiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :G21

1877 T a n y p u s V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.SOG

17." Tipula ? a r u D d i n o t i L. Fauna Suec. ed. II. p.434

183.8 T a n y p u s Meig. Syst. Bosch. 1 :GG, 19

1823 Tanypus b i c o 1 o r Fries. Monogr. Tanyp. Suec. 17,12

I'ale reddish yellow, including the antennae, palpi, legs and
halteres; eyes black. Thorax with three reddish longitudinal
stripes, the median one divided; the intermediate spaces and the

150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

flattened area in front of scutelluin with a whitish sheen. Abdo-
men of the male whitish; the posterior segments sometimes with
reddish longitudinal stripes. The abdomen of the female a pale
tlesli color. Legs almost white. Fore metatarsus about three
fourths the length of its tibia; the fore tarsi of the male and the
hind legs hairy. Wings whitish, unspotted, with pale hairs and
almost colorless veins; K, short, near the tip of-R^ appearing
like a nnssvein, but diflieuli to see on account of the hairs: the
cubitus forks proximad of the erossveiu. the latter being proxi-
mad of the middle of the wing. Length •">.."> to 4.5 mm. Speci-
mens from Ithaca, N. Y.. Michigan, Nebraska and New Jersey.
I can not distinguish the American specimens from those which
I have from Kurope. The dorsal stripes of the thorax are buff-
colored, but the are usually distinct.

!>//•. />. ffiiHili'. Thoracic stri]es reddish. Length 2.5 mm.
From Ithaca, N. V.

16. Ablabesmyia flavifrons n. sp.

Larva. The larvae were found rather abundantly in a small
ditch of (lowing water. Ithaca, X. Y.

Sordidly white, slightly mottled with brownish; length 9 mm.
Head pale brown, about 1 .."» times as long as wide; the parts of
the head resemble those figured on pi. 20. fig.G. The antennae are
about 2.5 times as long as the mandible, the basal joint being
nearly seven eighths of the whole length. The maxilla is large,
the palpus prominent but shorter and stouter than that shown in
the above-mentioned figure (compare li^s. 1 and 14). The labrum,
hypopharxnx, and the feet are like those of niionilis (pi. 19,
fig.14), but all the claws of the posterior feet are of the same
color.

Pupa. The only essential difference between this pupa and that
of m o n i 1 i s (pl.19, fig.S) is the absence of the row of tubercles
at the base of the breathing trumpet and the form of the trumpet.
The latter is rather small, about two thirds as long as the third
abdominal segment, enlarged at the apical end (pl.19, fig. 2).

Imago, male. Yellowish white and brown. Abdomen fasciate.
Legs pale. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

Head yellow, palpi and tip of proboscis subfuscous; basal joint
of the antenna dusky, ilagellum brown with brown hairs, second
antennal joint yellow. Pleura, scutelluin and dorsuim of thorax
pale yellow, the last with three broad, dull brown stripes, the
middle one divided; sternum and metauotum blackish. Abdomen
pale yellow, the anterior third or half of each segment brown;
genitalia and venter pale yellow. Legs yellowish, tarsi some-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF MOW YORK 151

times slightly darker, extreme lip of each tibia with black speck;
fourth (arsal joinl linear; lore inclalarsus about Him- four! lisas
long as its tibia; fore tarsi and middle and hind legs with rather
long hairs. AYings hyaline, pale yellow haired, crossvein not
clouded; K, present near (lie tip of R,, cubitus forking slightly
before the crossvein. d'l.'JT. fig.ll.) llalleres pale.

Female. Antennae wholly yellow, exce])t fuscous apical joint;
abdomen dusky yellow, posterior margins of segments slightly
paler.

This species agrees with the description of n i g r o p u n c t a-
tus Staeger (1839), but the sternum and metanotimu are dusky
and not yellowish. Several bred specimens Ithaca, N. Y. ; Idaho;
Pullman, Washington.

17. Ablabesmyia flaveola Williston
1896 T a n y p u s Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.275

Male. Posterior forked cell not petiolate; wings hairy; front
metatarsi nearly as long as their tibiae. Light yellow; antennae
brownish, the pluauosity gray; abdomen somewhat iufuscated
towards the tip; legs light yellow throughout, with rather abun-
dant light yellow hair; wings hyaline, clothed moderately densely
with gray hair. Length 1.5 to i' mm. St Vincent Island, West
Indies.

18. Ablabesmyia pallens Coquillett
1902 T a n y p u s Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. LM :91

Male. Head brown, mouth parts and basal joint of antennae
concolorous, remainder of antennae yellow, Ihe hairs brown and
whitish ; thorax whitish, three vittae on mesonotum, nietanotuni,
spots on the pleura and sternum dark yellow; abdomen pale yel-
low, a band near base of segments '2 to 5 and nearly the whole
of the following segments, pale brownish; legs and halteres
whitish; wings hyaline, covered with hairs, R, near its apex con-
nected with K, by the oblique R, ; cubit us forks slightly before
the crossvein; length 1'..") nun.

Female. Abdomen wholly yellow, otherwise as in the male;
length, slightly over 1 mm. Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M.;
New .Jersey, I.Johnson, '1)4).

Var. a, (pl.27, lig.l l.i

Male, horsuin of thorax with three wide fuscous stripes,
linmeri and scutellum yellow, the latter perhaps a little darker.
Pleura brown, metanoiiim and sternum blackish. Palpi and pro-
boscis yellow. Specimens from Ithaca. X. Y.

].~">L! NEW YORK STATK MISKI'M

19. Ablabesmyia indecisa Williston
18'JG Tanypus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loncl. p.27G

(P1.27, figs. 12 and 13)

Male and female, Wings hairy; posterior forked cell not petio-
late; front metatarsi shorter than their tibiae. Head and basal
joint of the antennae reddish yellow; palpi and the remainder of
the antennae brownish yellow; aniennal plnmosiiy of the
male gray, towards the tip blackish. Thorax reddish yellow;
bare, opaque, with three slender, reddish brown stripes in front,
separated by ashy intervals: on each side posteriorly with an
elongate brown spot, the middle of which is ashy; scntellum light
yellow; metanot inn brownish red. Abdomen slender; opaque
brown, the posterior angles and borders of the segments ashy:
the yellow of the venter sometimes encroaches upon the (brown
of the dorsum ; sixth and seventh segments more distinctly yel-
low; the seventh and eighth segments with the posterior portion
blackish. Legs yellow, less hairy than in A. flaveola. Wings
hyaline, moderately hairy. Length 1..~i to ~.'2r> nun. St Vincent
Island.

I have compared my male specimens with the cotype male speci-
men from the St Vincent collection of Cornell university, and
cannot detect anv dill'erences.

•

Yar. a. (fig.ll'i. .Male and female; agrees with Williston's de-
scription, excepting that there are but two reddish brown stripes
in front (i.e. the usual middle sfrije with a very slender dividing
line) ; and all the abdominal segments are marked alike with ashy
borders.

To Williston's description of the normal species the following
may be added: The brown of each segment of the abdomen more
intense just in front of the ashy posterior margin. The abdomen
of the female is reddish brown, the iucisures yellow and the mar-
gins of the segments ashy. Specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., and
Pennsylvania.

20. Ablabesmyia pilosella Loew
1SGG T a n y p u s Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. p.5

Female. Testaceous or subfuscous. with pale pile, the dorsum
of the thorax without stripes, the scutellum, legs and antennae
very pale, the last with long pile and toward the tip blackish, the
wings thickly pilose, subcinereous, the basal cells short. Length
1 mm. Wing 1.2 to 1.3 mm.

Small, opaque, testaceous or subfuscous. The antennae ordi-
nary, pale, blackish towards the tip, clothed with very long pile,
the last joint not thickened. The dorsum of the thorax without

' MAY FLIKS AMI MllHiKS OF XICW YORK 153

the usual stripes, sometimes whitish; scuttellum pale. Legs and
halteres whitish; wings thickly pilose, subcinereous, I lie costal
margin somewhat yellowish, the basal cells short. Translation,
i Loew.) District of Columbia.

Through the kindness of Mr S. Henshaw of Cambridge, Mass.,
who examined (lie type for me, I may add that the fork of the
cubiius begins before the M-Cu. crossYein; the basal cells are
short, one third or less than the wing in length, and the abdomen

is brownish.

21. Ablabesmyia tibialis Staeger

1845 T a n y p u s Staeger. Groeiil. Antl. Nat. Tids. 2 deii. R. B. I. 354

Blackish; halteres and legs pale fuscous, hind tibiae of the male
long pilose; wings grayish, hairy. Length 2.5 mm.

Male. The blackish body is without markings; thorax dark;
abdomen is somewhat shining and fuscous haired. The legs are
sordidly yellowish brown, sparsely haired; the tibiae, particularly
the hind pair, are long-haired. The wings are covered with gray
hairs; the vein Rt runs parallel with the wing margin and ends
one third the wing length from the tip, K4+- ends near the tip,
the oblique R-M crossveiu being near the middle of the wing; the
media is slender and ends at the wing tip ; the fork of the cubitus
lies directly under the R-M crossvein; the M-Cu. crossveiu is
vertical (its position is not stated by Staeger) ; the branches of
the radius are stout, but the cubitus and the anal veins are nearly
invisible.

Lundbeck (1898) p.l'!)4 describes the female as follows:
Female. Resembles the male, but the abdomen is shorter and
stouter; the wings are wider and the veins are a little stouter;
with long pile on the hind tibiae, though not so long as that of
the male; in other respects like the male.

Greenland (Staeger and Lund'beck).

22. Ablabesmyia fastuosa u. sp.

(P1.19, figs. 16-19)

A single larva from Eddy pond, Ithaca, X. V., in April.

Larva. Reddish, length about 7 mm. Head brown, rather
short; about H times as long as wide; antennae more than twice
as long as the mandible. The basal joint about (wo thirds of
total length (fig.17). Mandible resembles that of mouilis,
but with a broader lateral tooth ilig.HJi. Maxilla prominent with
long palpus, hypopharynx and labium like that of monilis;
the latter, however, has teeth in the middle shorter than the
lateral ones, while the former has the teeth nearly equal in length.

154 NEW YORK STATi: MUSEUM

Feet as usual, all claws of the same brownish color. Dorso-aual
papillae with six to eight setae. Blood gills as in in o n i 1 i s .

Pupa. Palo fuscous. Length about 4 mm. Breathing trumpet
(fig.lS) about three limes as long as broad, with large apical
aperture, its surface spinose scaled. The surface of the abdomen
under a very high magnification appears finely punctate. The
lateral margin of 1he last two segments with the usual 4 or 5
filaments. The caudal fin (fig. 10) has two pointed lobes, the sur-
face covered with minute spinose scales.

Imago. Female, fuscous, legs and wings unmarked, the latter
hairy and \\itli darkened crossvein. Length about 3 mm.

Head, including palpi, proboscis, and antennae fuscous; eyes
black. Thorax, including pecius, pleura, scutellum and metano-
him fuscous; the dorsum, wilh the humeri, space in front of
scutelliim and three line longitudinal lines more cinereous, in
some lights the other parts appear more cinereous. Hairs dusky,
abdomen fuscous, posterior margins of the segments cinereous;
the hairs pale. The legs pale fuscous; the extreme tips of the
tibiae darker. Fore metatarsus (i.t; as long as its tibia. The
wings subliyaline. hairy, unmarked, erossveins and the radius
darker than the oilier veins, rrossveins specially distinct, K..
present: ciibitus forks a little proximad of the crossvein. Hal-
teres white. P.red specimen. Ithaca, X. Y. Michigan. A
specimen from Pullman. \Yash.. has dorsum of thorax and scutel-
lum yellowish, the three dorsal stripes distinct, dull brownish
black.

23. Ablabesmyia hirtipennis Loew.
18G6 Tany pus Loe\v. Berl. Kut. Zeit. (Centur. VII). p.r,

Female. Wholly fuscous, wings about the same color, thickly
pilose, erossveins black, all of the tarsal joints linear. Length
3.5 to 3.8 mm. Wing -1.1 to 1.2 mm.

Fuscous; antennae, the posterior margin of each of the
abdominal segments and the femora, excepting the tip. rather
paler, palpi darker: the tarsi long in proportion, dark fuscous
toward the tip, all its joints linear, decreasing in length, the last
one shorter than the one preceding. Wings cinereous fuscous,
thickly covered with long fuscous pile, the veins as is usual with
the species of this genus, the erossveins black, the others sub-
fuscous, K .!_•_- running into the margin of the wing near its tip.
Translation. Maine.

Mr. S. Heushaw of Cambridge, Mass., who kindly examined the
type for me, writes that the fork of the cubitus begins proximad
of the crossvein, the halteres are luteous, and the thorax is
striped.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 155

24. Ablabesmyia nigropunctata Stacger.

1839 Tanypus Staegor. Krojor ; Nat. Titlsskr. 2:589,16
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3624
1864 Tanypus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:021

Male and female. Whitish; antennae pale; eyes black. Thorax
in dried specimens yellow, in life with a reddish tinge; dorsal
stripes pale; sternum and metalhorax yellow; scutellum white.
Abdomen whitish, slender in the male, pilose, the last three
segments a little wider, each segment with a brown, basal trans-
verse fascia on dorsal surface, venter spotless; anal appendages
white. Abdomen of the female stouter, pubescent, spotless.
Wings white,, spotless; hatleres white. Legs white; fore meta-
tarsus about one fourth shorter than its tibia. Fore legs of the
male without long hairs. Pullman, Washington.

25. Ablabesmyia (?) sp.

A larva from Beebe lake, Ithaca, N. Y., is yellow; 5 or 6 mm.
long; resembles P. a d u m b r a t u s in having a short head, com-
paratively short antennae and in shape of the mandible; but
differs in having but four marginal teeth in the labiuin (pi. 19,
fig.5) and in having rather more slender marginal claws in the
posterior feet.

Genus 18. Isoplastus Skuse.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. p.279. 1889

Antennae in the male 15-jointed, in the female 12-jointed.
\Viiigs pubescent. Marginal crossvein (R2) and second longi-
tudinal vein (R3) pale and indistinct. Fork of the cubitus with
its base at base of M-Cu. crossvein.

This genus was erected to contain several Australian species.
It may later be found that this genus can not be separated from
A b 1 a b e s m y i a in which case the name Isoplastus has
precedence.

Genus 19. Tanypus Meigen.
Illiger's Magaz. (part.) p.261. 1803

One of the subdivisions of the old genus T a n y p u s of
Meigen. Wings hairy; cubitus forks distad of the M-Cu. cross-
vein, and is therefore petiolate.

Skuse (1889) gives the name T a n y p u s to the group having
hairy wings and the fork of the cubitus sessile; but since Meigen
gave the species c i n c t u s (== p u n c t i p e n n i s) as the repre-
sentative of the genus, and since it possesses a petiolate cubitus,

156 NEW YORK STATK MTSKI'M

it appears to me that tho name slum Id Im retained for species
having this character.

KEY TO SPECIES OF TANYPUS

Imagines

a Wings clouded (banded or spotted)

h Legs nearly uniform in color; wings uniformly spotted with fuscous;
thorax with three dusky stripes; legs yellow; length 4.5 mm. ;

female A b 1 a b e s m y i a p i c t i p e n n i s

lili Legs distinctly bicolored. Femora brownish with white subapical

rings; abdomen blackish (New York and Texas) ... .1. s t e 1 1 a t u s

«a Wings not clouded, excepting sometimes the crossveins or a faint smoki-

ness near apical end; dusky species

/> Ilalteres pale fuscous; blackish species: legs sordidly yellowish
brown; wings grayish, hairy; tibia long-haired; thorax dark; abdo-
men somewhat shining and fuscous haired ; anterior crossvein in the
middle of wing; length 2.5mm. (Greenland)

I'l. A b 1 a b e s m y i a t i b i a 1 i s
1>1> Not as above
c Scutellum black ; legs usually brownish or black

il Apical half of wing smoky ; abdomen brown. .4. c u 1 i c i f o r m i s
tlil Apical half of wing not smoky

«• Thorax gray with black stripes; abdomen cinereous black;
M-Ou cross vein far proximad of the fork of the cubitus ; ha)-
teres sordidly yellow; fore metatarsus but little more than
half as long as the tibia : length 2 to 3.25 mm.

2. posticalis

ee Thorax with lateral ferruginous stripes; crossveins clouded;
fore metatarsus about three fourths as long as its tibia ;

length 4mm . 3. crassinervis

cc Scutellum yellowish; legs usually paler brown or yellow

il Apical half of wing distinctly smoky, especially near the anterior
margin; abdomen dark brown; length 3.5 to 4.5 mm. (New

York ) 4. culiciformis

(Id Wing nearly hyaline ; abdomen with whitish incisures

5. choreus

The species p i c t i p e n n i s and t i b i a 1 i s Staeger
have been included in the foregoing as well as in the key for
A b 1 a b e s in y i a because there is some doubt as to the posi-
tion of the M-Cu. crossvein. They are, however, described with
Ablabesmyia.

Tanypus tibialis Say (G) and T any pus balti-
moreus Macq. (7) are not sufficiently described to place in
the keys; both of these descriptions are reproduced in the body
of this work. Tanypus annulatus is a synonym of
A. mouilis, and T. decedens Walker is perhaps the
same as pictipennis Zett.

MAY KLIKS AXM MllxiKS OF NEW Y()UK I ~>~

1. Tanypus stellatus Coquilletl
l!»o-j Tanypiis C<><[. Proc. r. S. Nat. Mus. 25:89

Yellowish bro\\ 11. antennae except the basal joint pale yellow,
abdomen blackish, a whitish ring at three fourths the length of
each femur, tibiae except: each end, and tarsi except apices of
the joints, light yellow, halteres light yellow; mesonotuni thinly
grey pruinose: wings covered with brown hairs, whitish hyaline,
marked over nearly the entire surface with many brown spots,
several of which are continent and enclose small whitish spots;
costal cell except at its apex brown; K3 near its apex connected
with R3 -by the oblique RL,, cu'bitus forks a short distance beyond
the ( rossvein ; length '2 mm. Female. Texas. Kansas, New York.

Some male and female specimens captured in Ithaca, N. Y., I
have identified as this species. The females agree very well with
the description given by Mr Coquillett; the descriptions of the
specimens are as follows:

Male. Head, palpi and basal joint of antenna fuscous, the
antenna and its hairs a trifle paler. Dorsuni of thorax Avith three
dull dark-ibrown stripes, the middle one divided; the fine lines
separating the dark dorsal lines, the lines separating the dark
humeral spots from the lateral lines, the anterior margin, and
the posterior margin of the middle line, cinereous white. The
two minute tubercles of the collar sometimes pale. Metanotum,
pleura and sternum, dark brown; scutellum a little paler. Hairs
pale. Abdomen dull brown, the posterior margins of the segments
whitish. Claspers short, stout, and dark brown. Coxae brown,
each femur brown, with a white ring not far fro in the apex, each
tibia yellow with brown base and tip, tarsi yellow, joints black at
tip, last joint darker; fourth tarsal joint slender, and longer
than the fifth. Wings with many brown spots, that upon the
cnissveins most conspicuous. Two near the tip of Rj, one on the
humeral crossvein. one dark one on the median crossveins, four
in cell K.,-1..-., (':i('h divided longitudinally by a wing fold; two or
three in the cell M; one or two between branches of the cubitus;
and several in the anal cell. AYnation as shown. Halteres
sordidly yellow, the knobs somewhat infuscated, their tips paler.
Length .'! mm.

Female. (PI. 27, fig.7.) Like the male, but the abdomen is usually
wholly brown, occasionally the margins of the segments very nar-
rowly whitish. Tibiae excepting the knees sometimes brown.
Length 2 mm.

2. Tanypus posticalis Lundbeck
1808 T any]) us Lund. Vidcnsk. Mcdilel. p.295

Thorax black, shining, with two longitudinal cinereous stripes;
or it may be described ;is having three wide black stripes, shining,

158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the median one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated,
and the median one is divided by a fine line; the intermediate
space and the lateral margins have some erect yellow pile; scutel-
lum and metanotmn black; abdomen slender, cinereous black,
with long yellow pile, claspers quite large, pilose. Antennae
blackish ibrown; legs more or less dilutely brown. Halteres
sordidly yellow. Wings hyaline, distinctly but not densely hairy,
the costal vein brown, the others pale, the cubitus forks far distad
of the M-Cu. crossvein (pl.37, ng.20). The second and third pairs
of legs with long pile, the first pair bristly, the fore metatarsus
a little more than half the length of its tibia. Male. Length 2
to 3.25 mm.

The female is shorter than the male, stouter, the antennae
shorter than the thorax; in other respects like the male. North
Greenland.

3. Tanypus crassinervis Zetterstedt
1838 Tanypus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 817. 1
1845 Tanypus Zett. Staeger. Nat. Tids. p.354
1850 Tanypus Zett. Dipt. Scaiid. 9:3599
1898 Tanypus Zett. Lundbeck. Vid. Med. p.294

Black, opaque, halteres whitish, lateral margin of the thorax
ferruginous, antennae 'brown, wings white, somewhat hairy,
anterior veins conspicuous, crossveiu iufuscate, R2 present, the
fork of the cubitus petiolate; legs blackish or fuscous, fore tarsi
bare, metatarsus about one fourth shorter than the tibia.
Length about 4 mm.

Male and female. Resembles P. mervosus (an European
species) font is a little smaller, the body opaque, not shining, the
wings with pale hairs, and the legs unicolored. 'Head black;
antennae dark, the hairs (in the male) brownish; palpi dark,
thorax black, lightly cinereous shining, dorsum of the thorax in
the male with a lateral ferruginous stripe, the humeral spots
sometimes more distinct; in the female often reddish yellow, with
three wide black stripes, the lateral ones abbreviated anteriorly.
Scutellum and metanotum black. Abdomen black, in the male
pilose, genitalia small, ovate; afodomen of the female pubescent.
Wings white, slightly hairy, anterior veins distinctly fuscous,
crossveins more deeply infuscated, the posterior veins distinct
but paler. Venation as in P. nervosus (pl.37, fig.24). Legs
formed as in the latter, sometimes brown, sometimes fuscous
testaceous. An European species, also recorded from Greenland
byiStaeger (1845) and Lundbeck (1898).

4. Tanypus culiciformis Linne
1767 Tipula Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:978
1805 C h i i- o n o m n s Fabr. Syst. Antl. 47, 44

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 159

1818 T a n y p u s Meig. Syst. Bescbr. 1 : G3, 13

1S50 T a n y p u s Zett. Dipt. Scancl. 9 : 3G10, 17

1864 T a n y p u s Scbin. Fauna Austr. 2 : 617

1877 T a u y p u s V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 299, 4

182G T a n y p u s fasciatus Macq. Rec. Soc. Sc. Agri. Lille. 187, 5

1838 T a n y p u s t e n u i s Meig. Syst. Besclir. 7 : 15, 34

Male. Head dark brown, including mouth parts and antennae.
Dorsum of the thorax Avith three dark ibrown stripes, the middle
one divided by a flue line. Humeri and scutellum yellowish
brown, sternum and metanotum and sometimes scutellum also,
blackish; the pleura a little paler. Abdomen dark brown, the
posterior margins of the segments paler, more yellowish; hairs
brown. Uenitalia short and robust (pl.32, fig.2). Legs yellowish
or brownish; the tips of the femora, tibiae, and all the tarsal
joints darker. The metatarsus usually yellowish. Fourth tar-
sal joint linear and longer than the fifth; the fore metatarsus
about one fourth shorter than the tibia; the fore tarsi and the
posterior legs somewhat hairy, wings hairy, hyaline, the apical
half smoky, especially near the anterior margin; crossveins dark
clouded, Rx with R2 near its tip, the petiole of the cubitus about
one half as long as the fork (pl.27, fig.15). Halteres white.

Female. Antennae except apical joint yellowish ; the humeri
paler and the legs less hairy than in the male. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.

A number of specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., one from Riverton,
N. J., one from Idaho, and one from Chicago, 111., I cannot dis-
tinguish from European specimens.

5. Tanypus choreus Meigeii

1804 Tanypus Meigen. Klass. 1:23,6

1818 Tanypus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 62, 12

1839 T a n y p u s choreus Meig. Staeger. Nat. Ticls. 2 :585, 7
1850 T a n y p u s Meig. Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3G09, 15

1864 Tanypus Meig. Schin. Fauna Austr. 2 : 617

1877 T a n y p u s Meig. V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 299, 5

1804 Tanypus fasciatus Meig. Klass. 1:21,3

1804 Tanypus sylvaticus Meig. Klass. 1 : 24, 9

Antennae brown, including the antennal hairs of the male;
pulpi more or less brown. Thorax brown, with three darker
longitudinal stripes, the spaces between the longitudinal stripes
and the flattened area in front of the scutellum whitish; ster-
num greyish; scutellum yellow; metanotum black. Abdomen
brown-black with whitish incisures; venter yellow anteriorly; the
anal segment of the male broad and flattened, the claspers short,
yellow Nasally, blackened toward the tip. Legs yellowish brown;
the tips of the femora and of the tibiae and the whole of the
last four tarsal joints brown; the first joint of the fore tarsus is

100 NEW YOKK STATE .MISKIM

one fourth shorter than the tibi;;; fore tarsi of the male bearded.
TTalteres whitish. AYings slightly hairy, hyaline, slightly smoky
near the tip; ihe crossvein brown clouded; the cubitus forking
distad of the crossvein ; venation resembling that of P. n e r v o -
sus (pl.37, fig.L'li.

The female is usually somewhat lighter colored. Length 3.5 to
4.5mm. Translation from Y.d. Wulp i 1 >7T i . "Coloring some-
what variable." Schiner ilSti4i. North America i()sten Sacken,
1878).

6. Tanypus tibialis Say.

1823 Tanypus Say. Juurn. Ac. Xat. Sc. I'liilad. 3:15,2
1828 Tanypus Wioil. Ausser. Kurop. 7\v. Ins. 1 :2o, 4
1878 Tanypus Ost. Sack. Call. Dipt N. A. p.22

Thorax reddish brown; tibia while at base; abdomen white, a
double baud on the middle and lip black. Habitat : Pennsylvania.

Wings immaculate; poisers while; feet fuscous, basal half of
the tibia while; lergum. second joint with a spot each side, two
middle segments with each a band, of which Ihe anterior one is
much broader, and terminal segments deep fuscous, pleura yellow-
ish. Length of male more than 1 I'D in.

7. Tanypus baltimoreus Macquart
IV,.") T e r n i p u s Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V. Ifi, 1
1878 Tanypus Ost Sack. Call. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Female. Palpi tawny, shining cinereous. Antennae wanting.
Thorax with wide black bands; abdomen black, posterior margins
of the segments white. I>«gs lawny ; tarsi dusky. Ilalteres brown.
Wings greyish, with an oblique black line; veins normal. Length
3.5 rum. From Baltimore. Translation.

Judging from the description this species seems to resemble
T. c u 1 i c i f o r m i s , but it has brown halteres. Nothing is
said either about the wing venation with respect to fork of the
cubitus, whether sessile or petiolate; or whether the wing is hairy
or bare; it is therefore impossible to say to which one of the
four genera of the group Tanypus it belongs.

Genus 20. Pentaneura Philippi
Verb. z. b. Ges. 35. 629. 1865

The antennae equal in length to the head and thorax taken
together, mouiliform, 12-14 jointed, verticillate with long hairs,
the joints subglobose, not petiolate, the last joint elongate. Palpi
elongate, equaling the antennae, joints suibcyliudrical. Wings

MAY I'M. IKS AMI MIlKJKS ill' \K\V YORK 101

narrow, very hairy, venation as shown on pL'17, fig.K!. Legs
hairy, elongate, especially the tarsi; iirsl tarsal joint equal to
the two following in length; fourth and fii'th together c([ual to
the third. Type, 1'. grisea I'll. Chile. No North American
species.

Genus 21. Podonomus Philippi
Verb. z. b. Ges. 7. 001. ISC.r,

'1'horax strongly produced over the head. Antennae of the
female short, snbcvlindrical, vert ieillate with long liairs, eight (?)
jointed, the last joint equal to the two or three preceding l'pl.^7,
tig.lth. Venation as shown on pi.-">7, tig. 11. Legs elongate, equal,
tarsi elongate, the metatarsus a.bout the same length as the tibia,
the second about one half as long as the first, the remaining ones
short and of equal length. Type. I*, s t i g m a t i e n s . Chile.

From the wing venation it appears that this genus is related to
the group T a n y pus. No North American species.

Genus 22. Heptagyia Philippi

Verb. z. b. Ges. 41. 635. 1865. (P1.37, figs. 21, 22, 23)
Head small. Antennae short, 7-jointed, cylindrical, first joint
large and thick, the following snbequal, the last one oblong, equal-
ing the two preceding ones taken together. Ocelli none. Palpi
long, 6-jointed, almost exceeding the antennae, first three joints
suhcylindrical and equal, the fourth and, fifth shorter and sub-
globose, the last one slender, oblong, equalling the fifth one in
length. Thorax very much swollen, with a deep suture near and
parallel to the anterior margin. Wing venation as shown in tig.21.
lyegs elongate, slender, anterior femora not thickened, not armed,
anterior tibiae with unarmed extremities, posterior tibiae with
minute apical spines; tarsi elongate, tirst joint nearly equalling
the remaining ones in length. Type. T. annulipes Ph.
Chile. No North American speries.

Genus 23. Corynocera Xetlerstedt
In sect a lapponica 856. 1838

Ile;id moderately large, transverse; antennae porrect. shorter
than the thorax, arcuate, cylindrical, about 12-joiuted; the first
joint short, thick, bare, the following HI very small, rounded,
closely sessile, delicately haired, the 12th elongate, conical, wider,

162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

bare; palpi slight ly projecting, bent, proboscis short; eyes round,
somewhat prominent, remote; front wide; ocelli wanting; dorsum
of thorax elongate, arched, higher lhan the head, no transverse
suture, somewhat depressed in front of the scutellum ; scutelluan
small. Abdomen 7 or 8 jointed. Legs short, robust, of unequal
length, wholly bare and unarmed; coxae not elongate; halteres
short. Wings as long as the abdomen. Hub-shaped, rather narrow,
bare, with 4 or ."> discal veins diverging apically, all very indis-
tinct ; on the anterior margin at the apex is a long somewhat
curved sela ; the posterior margin is not ciliate. The wings of
the female are shorter than the abdomen, the genitalia of the
male clubbed, legs more robust ; the abdomen of the female
pointed, with two short appendages. Metamorphosis and life his-
tory unknown. Translation from Schiner p.()41 (1SG4).

The only species of this genus is <\ crassipes Zett.
(=ambigua /ell.i. a small, brownish black tly, with pale legs,
whitish wings and halleres. Length L' to L'.lT) mm. Lapland and
Germany (lieu thin).

Genus 24. Spaniotoma Philippi
Verb. z. b. Ges. 35. 629. 1SG5. (P1.37, figs. 13 and 14)

Thorax prominent above the head. Antennae short, scarcely
exceeding the palpi in length. (J-jointed, the joints oval, sparsely
verticillate with short hairs, the last joint rather acute. Palpi
4-jointed, the first joint thickened, the last one slender, elongate,
divided (?).

The wing venation (fig.13) resembles that of C h i r o n o in u s
(sens, lat.) though the crossvein is rather nearer to the base of the
wing than in the typical Chironomus. The description does
not state whether the wing is hairy or bare. The figure given by
Philippi shows the fore metatarsus shorter than its tibia. The
genus may possibly be synonymous with either Metriocnemus
or O r t h o c 1 a d i u s .

Type S. bivittata Philippi., Chile. No North American

species.

Genus 25. Corynoneura Winuertz

Stettin. Ent. Zeitg. 7:12. 184G. (P1.36, fig.7, and pi. 32, fig.4)
Small species, distinguished by the absence of the anal angle
of the wing. Head round, proboscis short, palpi incurved, four-

MAY FLIES AND MIIMJKS ()!•' NKW >(>ItK

1G3

jointed, the last joint elongated. Antennae of the male 10-
jointed, the first joint thick and disk like. Hie following eight egg
sha])cd, the last one thicker and longer than the others, all with
long hairs, the last one vert iciilal e ; antennae of the female
• I jointed, the first one thick and disk-like, the following four
ellipsoidal, the last one somewhat elongate, all with short
hairs. Eyes round, ocelli wanting. Mesothorax greatly arched,
prolonged over the head, without transverse suture; sen tell urn
small: meiathorax much arched. The 8-jointed abdomen is
narroAv and long. Legs elongated; slender; the posterior pair
of tibiae somewhat thickened, spurred; metatarsi elongated;
claws and pulvilli very small. Wings in outline club-shaped,
bare, and bent down; anal angle wanting; anterior margin
thickened. Halteres free; venation as shown on pl.36, fig.7.
Genitalia of male shown on pl.32, fig.4 (after Kieffer). Antennae
of male 11-jointed according to Kieffer (1899).

Of the larvae and pupae of the members of this genus, but one
species has been described as far as I am aware; i. e. Cory-
no n e u r a 1 e m n a e Franenfeld (1866) . (Pl.36, figs. 1 to 5.)
He describes the larvae as filiform, thickened anteriorly, white,
with distinct incisnres ( fig.l ) . The chitinous pale brown head
is oval, with two black eye spots. The antennae1 3-jointed 1.5
times as long as the head. The first thoracic segment is in the
form of a truncated cone, upon the ventral side of Avhich is a
cephalad projecting1 process, with a bilobed extremity, each lobe
possessing a crown of delicate setae. The next thoracic segment
largest, with two oval, stigma-like spots on each side. The fol-
lowing 8 gradually deceasing in size; the last is nearly cylindri-
cal, and has upon the dorsal surface a prominence upon which
there are several upright setae. There are two anal blood gills
and two prominent anal prolegs, at the extremity of each of the
latter there is a circle of curved setae. Length 3.7 mm.

The pupa is described as being smooth and pale yellow in color;
the wing sheaths being one third of the entire length. The ab-
dominal segments are distinct; the anal end is blunt, upon each
side with a hyaline crescent-shaped disk, each with 8 long setae
upon its margin (fig.4 and 5). Length 1.2 mm. The imago
resembles 0. s c u t e 1 1 a t a "\Vinn. (an European species) .

164 NKW YORK SI-ATI: MTSKIM

1. Corynoneura atra Winnertz

1852 Corynoneura Winn. Stett. Ent Zeit 13,50,4
1864 Corynoneura Schinor. Fauna Austr. 2:594

Male. Iiorsuin of thorax velvet-black; pleura sordidly yellow.
Abdomen dark In-own. Head black; antennae brown, with
brown, shimmering whitish hairs: palpi yellow; legs whitish
with dark articulations, last three joints of the hind legs brown.
Wings shimmering milky white. Length .8 mm. Europe and
Greenland according to Lundbeck (1898).

The male geniialia i* slio\\n mi |>l.:;_'. li^.J lal'ier KielVer).

2. Corynoneura celeripes \Yinnert /.

1852 Corynoneura Winn. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 13, 50, 3
1864 Corynoneura Schinor. Fn. Austr. 2 : r>'J4

Female. Yellow: dorsuni of thorax with ihree l>road black
longitudinal si ripe-, the laterals anteriorly abbreviated; pleura
and nietanofum blackish brown or Mark. Abdomen black with
delicate, whitish incisures: M-nter sordidly yellow, blackened api-
cally. Head black; palpi and antennae \elio\v. the apical joint
of the latter brown. Legs whitish, with dark articulations, the
last three joints of the hind tarsi blackish l>ro\\n. Wings shim-
mering whitish. Length 0.8 mm. Europe and Greenland accord-
ing to Lundbeck (is'.t^i. This species is supposed to be the
female of C. atra. See Lundbeck (1898) and Kieffer (1902).

A single female specimen reared from a larva found in pond
water (Ithaca, N. Y.) agrees with the above description, excepting
that the pleura are yellowish.

Genus 26. Wulpiella Kieffer
Bui. Soc. Ent France, p.66. 1899

Small species having 4-jointed palpi ; antennae of female 6-
jointed, the 4 intermediate joints verticillate Avith very long hairs.
Tarsal cla.ws simple; metatarsus shorter than its tibia. Wings
hairy, the venation as in Chironomus (pl.34, fig.20). The
type is W. scirpi Kieffer, an European species. No North
American species.

In a note on p.824 of Ann. Soc. Ent. France (1900) the author
states that in the figure given by him the crossvein has by mistake
been omitted.

The larva is yellowish white, with dark head : length 4 mm. It
has black eyes at the anterior angles of the head ; a pair of short
three-jointed antennae, mandibles four or five toothed, and a

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 165

seven to nine toothed labium. Thoracic and anal prolegs
present, the latter with prominent retractile claws (fig.22). The
caudal papillae are cylindrical, pointed apically, each with three
short and three long setae.- (Plate 34, figs. 21, 22, 23.)

Genus 27. Limnophyes Eaton

Ent. Monthly Mag. 60. 12. 1875. (P1.37, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4)
Imago. Head small, ovately triangular; eyes roundly oval,
hnrdly reniform ; ocelli absent: antennae divergently porrect,
filiform, G-jointed, with sparse verticils of spreading hairs (fig.3),
the basal joint very stout, the second much smaller than the first,
but yet slightly thicker than the remaining joints, which are of
even width, the apical joint as long as the preceding two together;
mouth short, the margin hairy, palpi 4-jointed (fig.2). Thorax
robust, above arched anteriorly and produced like a hood over
the head (fig.4) ; its contour viewed from above is somewhat
ovate, and it has a,bout four longitudinal rows of short, fine, sparse
hairs ascending upwards and inwards; scutelhim moderately
large, prominent, semicircular or roundly subquadrate. Wings
otbloug (fig.l), suddenly constricted at the ibase, rather straight
along the costa, the apex almost parabolic, the margins ciliated.
The subcostal vein very short, becoming obsolescent in the sub-
costal area, the radius two-branched, Rx extending beyond the
middle of the costa, the media united by a crossvein to the radius
just proxirnad of the point of furcation; R4_f.. like R1? accompanied
by a slight crease in the membrane; the cubitus rather deeply
forked, the furcation acute, -similarly accompanied by a crease
which follows its lower branch; this last branch is succeeded by
one or two longitudinal folds simulating additional veins (anal
veins ?). Halteres large. Legs slender, with fine short hairs;
tibiae almost scabrous, with a minute spine at the apex interiorly ;
the first tarsal joint much longer than the next. Abdomen slfir
der, 8-jointed, with a few hairs above; ovipositor formed of two
very short lamellae. Larvae not observed.

In the original diagnosis it was stated that the number of
joints in the palpi and abdomen were respectively 5 and 7. It
appears to be more correct to regard them as being 4 and 8
jointed. The antennal joints are very likely to vary in number
with the sex, and to be more numerous in the male than in the
female.

M:\V VOKK SI-.\TI: .\

The above description is copied from Yen-all's paper in Phil.
Trans, p.245, vol.108, only the nomenclature of the wing veins
bring changed. The figures I to 4 on plate ::7 ;ire also t;ikeu
from Verrall, and illustrate details of the species L . p u s i 1 1 u s
Eaton, a small gnat found ;ii Koyal Sound. Kerguelen Island. Xo
North American species.

Genus 28. Chasmatonotus Loew

Berl. Ent. Zcit. p.51. ISOi

This genus is related to Hydrobaenus but differs from it
in that the palpi are longer, and tin- llagellimi of the antenna
is composed of 5 joinls in both sexes (i. e. antenna T-jointed),
see pi. .'II. h'g.<i. The dorsiim of the thorax has a narrow lissure
which widens posteriorly in a Hat area in front of the scutellum
i pl.::i . lig.Ki i : hence the name. The wings of our i hree American
species are black with white markings.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHASMATONOTUS

I nnl'liii' *

<i Win;: \\ith two ]ir<niiiiiei)t wliito spots i pl.'J". li^.li'.i; the larger near
the base of tin- win;:. Ilio smaller s>i]i<|iiailrangular, in the fork of the
ciiliitus. a little distad of the middle of the wini; (New York, Illinois)

1. bimaculatus
an Win.L' not marUcd in this wa\

1) Winir \\-itli a longitudinal vitta bet wren Hie media and the cubitus ;
thorax black witli front corners, and bind end, and a part of the
pleura yellow; abdomen with posterior margins of the segments
whitish (Alaska) ............................. 2. univittatus

bb AVin.L' with a broad transverse band, extending from the radius to the
posterior maririn (New York) .............. 3. unimaculatus

1. Chasmatonotus bimaculatus Osten Sacken

1877 Chasmatonotus O. S. Bui. U. S. Geol. Surv. 3 : 191

1878 Chasmatonotus O. S. Catal. Dipt. N. A. p.±-'

Male, lllaek ; wings of the same color and with two large white
spots. Length about 1.5 mm.

Black; thorax shining; base of the abdomen laterally pale
greenish yellow; feet black; front coxae and base of all the femora
yellowish; the first tarsal joints are of the same pale yellowish
color except the tip. which is black. Knob of halteres greenish.
Wings black; the first white spot is in the shape of a cross band
between the second vein and the anal angle ; second spot is square,
and situated on the hind margin, within the fork of the cubitus,
pl.27, fig.16, pl.31, figs. 6 and 16, pl.32, fig.G.

MAY FI.IKS AND MI1MJKS OF NK\V

The first posterior cell and the cell within the fork of the cubitus
are much longer lh;in in O. unimaculatus Lw., and the
latter cell is longer and l»roader. Hence il happens that although
in both species the cross hand-like spot is placed immediately
inside of the ]troximal end of I lie fork il occupies the middle of
the wing in C. n n i in a c u 1 a t u s , and is much nearer the base
in C. b i m a c u 1 a t n s . The abdomen of the male ends in a
comparatively large and conspicuous forceps (the " hypopygium
maris globosum " in Mr Loew's description of C. in a c u 1 a t u s
seems to indicate a different structure?) . (O. S. loc. cit.)

Catskill mountains and Quebec (Osten Sacken 1877). Several
male specimens from Lake Forest, Illinois, received from Profes-
sor Xeedham. New Jersey (Johnson, 1004).

2. Chasmatonotus univittatus Coquillett
1900 Chasmatonotus Coquillett. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sc. 2 : 395'

Male. Black: the bases of antennae, front corners and hind
end of thorax, pleura, except the lower portion and one or two
spots; halteres, trochaiiters. and bases of femora and of tibiae,
yellow; posterior margins of abdominal segments whitish, meso-
notuin polished; abdomen subopaque; wings black, the extreme
base and a vitta extending from it three quarters the length of the
wing, between the medial and cubital veins, white; length 2.5 mm.
Sitka. Alaska.

3. Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew

18&± Chasmatonotus Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 50

IMS Chasmatonotus Loew. O. S. Cat' 1. Dipt. N. A. p.'J'J

Male and female. Black, with black wings, having a whitish
spot on posterior margin. Length 2 mm.; wing '2 mm.

Head black, the eyes in both sexes separated by a wide shining
front. Proboscis short, black; palpi black, four-jointed; ihe first
joint short, the next Iwo moderate, the second clavate; the third
stouter; the fourth linear, a little longer than the preceding.
Antennae fuscous black, short, in both sexes alike; the basal joint
globose; the five joints of the flagellum sliorl pilose, the first
joint cylindrical, the three following short ovate, the last oval.
Thorax black, the dorsum shining, the pleura opaque; scutellum
the same color. Abdomen black, subopaque, the first segments in
the female lurid; hypopygium of the male black, globose. Legs
black, the bases of the femora sordidly yellow and the tarsi in
immature specimens cinereous. Halteres black. Wings black,
with a subtriangular white spot extending from the posterior
margin as far as K4_._- of the wing. New Hampshire (O. S.)

168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Genus 29. Telmatogetou Schiner
Verb. zool. bot. ges. Wien. 16-931 :186G

Tlie larva and pupa have not been described as far as 1 am
aware, but figures of both are given by Schiner (1868) of an
East Indian species T . St. P a u 1 i Schiner. These figures
are reproduced on pl.:!4, tigs. 1U, 13, 14 and 15.

Imago. Head small and deeply set; the thorax highly arched.
robust, rising abrupt l\ behind the head; the abdomen is short
and slender; the wings long and of uniform width, extending far
beyond the abmi-Mien ; I'M- legs are IMU. h elongated. r,yr-s ova!,
in both sexes widely separated by the deeply excavated front; the
ocelli are wauling; palpi 4-joinled, the basal joint small, the fol-
lowing ones of equal length, thickly haired; antennae in both
sexes alike, 7-joinled, scarcely as long as the head, the first joint
extraordinarily large and thick, the second one slender, the next
four disklike. much wider than long, closely joined, the apical
joint elongated, somewhat thickened at the base, gradually becom-
ing smaller towards the tip; the basal joint hairy above and
below, the others bare. Metal horax strongly developed; the
s. uiellum small; abdomen 7 -jointed; male genitalia two-lobed,
the lobes closely connected, not spreading or forceps-like; oviposi-
tor of the female pointed; the upper sheath longer than the lower
one. Legs long and slender, particularly the hind pair. At the
end of each of the tibiae is a pair of short spines, and at the apical
end of the metatarsus is a single one; ihe metatarsus is elongate
the second joint scarcely one half as long as the first, the third
less than two thirds as long as the second, the next two each half
as long as the third; the claws horny, well-developed, furcate at
the extreme tip; pulvilli small but well-developed; the enipodium
large, filling the space between the claws, ciliated at the apical
end. Wings long, the anal angle right-angled, the posterior mar-
gin nearly parallel with the anterior margin; the subcostal vein
running parallel to the costa but not reaching the margin; the
cubitus forks proximad of the middle of the wing, its lower branch
not quite reaching the margin, anal veins quite short (pl.34,
fig.16). Halteres long with a broad knob. The type of the genus
is T. St. Pauli Schiner (h>c. cit). A small blackish fly with
dusky wings from the Island of St Paul in the Indian Ocean.

MAY FLIES AM) MIluiKS <>K M-)\V YnKK

One species of tliis genus lias been described from North America
T. alaskensis Coq. (1900). The venation of the American
dilVcrs slightly from this description. See below.

Telmatogeton alaskensis Coquillett
1900 Telmatogeton Coquillett. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sc. 2 : 395

Male. Head and its members brownish black., the front velvet
black, tirst joint of antennae velvet brown ; antennae about as long
as the head, the first joint nearly three times as wide as the
others, the latter subcylindrical, the last joint slightly longer
than the others and subconical in profile; thorax opaque black,
the lateral margins and upper part of pleura varied with yellow-
ish, scutellum, rnetanotum, and abdomen brownish black, the
lateral margins of the latter and hind margins of the ventral
segments yellow; coxae mottled black, brown and yellowish, the
remainder of legs blackish brown, front femora each bearing a
transverse, contiguous pair of blunt tubercles near the tip of the
under side, and just beyond them a pair of rather * widely
separated cavities; front tibiae each bearing a blunt tubercle on
the under side near the base, the inner side of each front tibia
rather strongly dilated at its first third; first joint of the tarsi
nearly three times as long as the second; each of the last three
joints slightly over one half as long as the second joint, claws
cleft almost to the middle; halteres whitish; wings brownish
gray, veins brown, first section of the media yellow, bases of the
branches of the radius nearly coalesced; length 4.5 mm. Yaku-
tat. Alaska.

This species agrees very wHl with I)r Schiner's description
and figures except in the structure of the legs, but these are not
sutticiently different to warrant (lie establishing a separate
genns for the present form. Coquillett (loc. cit.) Specimens also
from Oregon and California. In these specimens the cubitus forks
immediately under the crossvein, the latter oblique, the subcosta
reaches the wing margin slightly distad of Cn... Length 4 to 0 mm.

Genus 30. Macropeza Meigen
Syst. Beschr. 1:87. 1818. (P1.35, figs. 1, 2, 3)

Small, blackish gray species, with long wings and extraordi-
narily long legs. Head small; transversely oval; the proboscis
and palpi short, antennae 15-jointed; the second basal joint
quite large and thick, the other joints peculiarly arranged, the
first seven each small at the base and widened toward the end;

170 \i;\v YOKK STATK MISKIM

the next small, the following ones again, slender and elongate,
the last oin- small; these are all only thinly haired itig.:5j. The
eyes round, bare, the ocelli wanting (or rudimentary?!; front
broad. The arching of the thorax gradually becomes greater
from the head backward, the transverse ^mure wanting: scutel-
lum short but wide; metathorax moderately large. Abdomen
8-jointed, hypopyginm somewhat projecting. Legs long: coxae
not elongated, the fore femora shortest, the posterior pair long-
est ; tibiae without spurs; tarsi of the posterior pair of legs ex-
tremely slender, and at least as long as the femora and tibiae
taken together, the metatarsus about twice as long as ihe follow-
ing joints taken together, apical joints small, the sole of the clawed
joint bristly, the claws quite long and bent; the halteres promi-
nent. Wings long and narrow: venation as shown in tigs. 1 and 1*.
The first figure is from V. d. \Vnlp i ls77i the second after Meigen
(1818). No North American species ha\-' lieen described.

Genus 31. Hydrobaenus Fries

Yrtensk. AUad. Ilandl., 1829. 176. 1830
I'-ilnr.Tiis Kutht'. Isis. XI. l'J07. 1831

i I'l.::i. \\z<. "J to 11)

Fries i isi'.ih describes the larva and pii|ia at considerable length
and gives figures illustrating details of each; the latter are repro-
duced on pl.:tl. tigs, i' to ."» and 8.

Larva. The larva is described as being 4 mm. in length, green-
ish in color, quite slender, and cylindrical. The head (fig.2) is
small, obcoi dale and black. The antennae are three-jointed. On
the ventral side of the tirst thoracic segment is a pair of feet with
setae (fig.3). <)n the dorsal surface of the eleventh abdominal
segment are two cylindrical processes, the extremity of each with
a tuft of long hairs. On the ventral surface of this segment are
the blood gills, two in number and shorter than in Chirono.-
m u s. The twelfth segment has the usual anal feet and four blood
gills, the latter, however, differing from C h i r o n o m u s in hav-
ing at the apex of each a little tuft of hairs.

Pupa. (Figs. 5 and 8) Thorax with short and narrow respira-
tory tubes. The caudal end is provided Avith two tufts of long
hairs. The species shown by Fries is H. lugubris, an
European species.

Imago. Very small black species, the males as well as the
females of which have the antennae with short hairs. Ilead small,

MAY FLIKS AM' M1IK.KS OF XKW YO|;K 171

flattened in front; epistome somewhat prominent; proboscis not
much extended; palpi sliorl. four-jointed, the last join! somewhat
longer than the one which precedes il ; antennae of the male 14-
joiuted (tig. 7); the basal joint thick, the last joint elongated and
thicker than the rounded preceding joints, short and sparsely
haired; the female with a 7-jointed antenna (lig.di, the first and
last joint as with the male, hives crescent-shaped, the concave,
side enclosing the antennae, bare; ocelli wauling. Meso thorax
produced over the head, well arched; abdomen narrow and long,
S jointed, hypopygium small (tigs. 10 and 11). Legs moderately
long, covered with fine, woolly hair; the metatarsi somewhat elon-
gaied but not as long as the tibia*'; claws distinct, puvilli very
small. Wings shorter than the abdomen and with the cell Mt
open; anal angle rounded ifig.lh. Halteres free. Fries' figure
(copied on pi. 34, fig.7 ) shows the male antennae with but 13 joints,
although the description says there are 14.

This genus has not yet been recorded from America.

Genus 32. Doloplastus Skuse
Proc. of Linn. Soc. of N. S. W. 4 :260. 1889
Antennae i'---d jointed in male, otherwise as in female of

0 r t h o c i a d i u s. Wings naked. Third longitudinal vein

1 K, .-) nearly straight. Costal vein extending a little beyond tip
of third longitudinal ( K.^:, t. Posterior branch of fifth longitu-
dinal i C'u., I straight. Legs unicoloured. In fore legs the meta-
tarsus considerably shorter than tibia. Forceps of male robust.
An Australian genus.

Genus 33. Smittia Holmgren

Kougl. Svenska. Vetensk. Ak. Handl. Bel. 8. no.5. 1869. 47
Front wide, eyes oval, somewhat prominent, at the base of the
antennae' slight ly emarginate. Antennae short, llagellum (female)
sparsely haired, ."i-jointed (i.e. antennae therefore 7-joiuted), the
first and ihe last joint longer i ban the others. Oral margin slightly
produced, palpi rather stout. Thorax like that of other Chi-
r o n o m i d s. Abdomen somewhat blunt , t he t ip on both sides with
u seta-like tubercle. Wings narrow, short, scarcely reaching the
middle of the abdomen; venation much as in Chiro nonius,
but: more difficult to distinguish; stouter towards the costal
margin. Legs rather long, fore femora stouter, the tarsi a
little longer than the tibiae. This genus takes a position between

MOW 'i »I:K STATI-:

D i a 111 e s a and r h i r o n o in u s, but easily distinguished from
them by the short \\ 'ings. Type of the genus S. b r e v i p e n n i s
(=C h i r o n o in u s b r e v i p e n n i s Boehem) .

It is not stated in the description whether the wings be hairy or
bare. From the statement that the tarsi arc a little longer than
the tibiae, it appears that the metatarsus is shorter than the
libiae. The genus may, therefore, be most nearly allied to
< > r t h o c 1 a d i u s , C a m p t o c 1 a d i u s or to M e t r i o c -
n em us . In the description given by tin- author in Knt. Tidskr.
p.181, 1883, it is stated that the abdomen of the male is narrow
;ind the anal end somewhat thickened almost like that of
D i a m e s a . Genus has not been recorded from America.

Genus 34. Burmeisteria \Ye\enl>er^h
Tiil.j. v. Kntomol. 130. 1886. (P1.35, figs. 26-28

Like Chironornus, but the thorax is narrowed anteriorly
and In-lit down ward overlian.uin.u (he head Mig.i'Ti. The halteres
are long and llai Mig.LNi. the stem very short, henre covered by
the knob. \Yings with « iliated mar-in i liu.-'i i .

In the generic description given by \\Cyenbergh the number of
antennal joints is not stated; although, the statement "like
Chi ro nonius'' would seem to imply that this genus pos-
sesses the same number as C h i r o n o m u s (i. e. 14) . Weyen-
bergh's figure also shows about this number. Arribalzaga (is'.c;
p. 241) states that the genus should be regarded as a synonym of
C h i r o n o m u s sens. str. and further says that the wings are
bare.

The type of the genus is B. ph.otoph.ila Weyenb. (loc.
eit.). recorded from Argentina. "Xo other species have been re-
corded.

Genus 35. Diamesa Meigen
Syst. Besclnv 7:12. 1838. (P1.30, fig.13, and pl.32, figs. 5 and 14)

Larva. The larvae of the known species are yellowish or
greenish in color and are found in swiftly flowing water. In form
they are of the usual C h i r o n o m i d type, most resembling
those of Orthocladius. The blood gills of the eleventh
abdominal segments, which are usually found in C h i r o n o m u s
are wanting in this genus ; their absence probably due to the fact

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OK NKW V(»KK

that the larvae arc found only in well aerated water. When taken
from the streams and placed in still water lliev soon die, usual Iv

within a IV w hours. (P1.36, fig.14-25, after Heeger; 1853; and
pl.20, fig.9).

Pupa. The pupae are apparently without thoracic breathing
organs: if they are present they must lie extremely minute and
have been overlooked. The anal end with G or 8 short setae; the
posterior margin of each abdominal segment with spines or setae.
(See pl.4S, fig.13, in Bul.63, X. Y. State Museum, '03.)

Imago. Head small; broad and flattened in front, the face pro-
longed into a short broad proboscis; eyes elongate, only a little
einarginate, ocelli wanting. Antennae inserted close to the eye
margin. 14-jointed in the male, basal joint broad and disk-like,
the fourteenth very much elongated like that of the males in
C h i r o n o in u s and of a similar structure; densely plumose;
antennae of the female seven or eight jointed (pl.31, fig.7), the
joints rounded or oval, the last one somewhat longer and cylin-
drical. In both sexes the basal joint disk-like. Palpi four-
jointed. Thorax highly arched; produced more or less over the
head, slightly flattened in front of the scutellum. Abdomen like
that of most C h i r o n o m ids; rather long and slender in the
male; shorter and stouter In the female. Legs long and rather
stouter than in C h i r o n o m u s . fore metatarsus equal to or
shorter than the tibia; the fourth tarsal joint, of most species at
least, short, obcordate. Wings bare, venation as shown on pl.30,
fig.13. resembling T a n y p u s in having the M-Cu crossvein ; the
subcosta slender, but distinct, Hl and R4+- ending in the costa;
between these is the slender and delicate Ko+;i; the media is
simple; the R-M crossvein oblique; the M-Cu crossvein erect; the
cell M is present; the cubitus forks a little before the M-Cu
crossvein; the humeral crossvein is present. Genitalia as shown
on pi. 32. figs. 5 and 14.

Several species have been recorded from Europe and North
America. Haliday in Walker's Ins. Brit. Ill (185G) has recorded
species the males of which are said to have bare or short-haired
antennae.

174 NI:W YOKK STATI: :\irsi;iM

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIAMESA

Larvae

<i Mimtli parts as shown on pl.2o, figr.9 1. \v a 1 t 1 i i

«(/ Mouth parts as shown on pl.:;»;. li-s. is to 17, ; the dorsal surface of the
ahdoniinal segments marked with transverse I'aseine (European

-peries I .",. <• U 1 i <• o i d e S

Pupae

a Anal end with six slender filaments 1. w a 1 I 1 i i

an Anal end with ek'lit lilanieiits :5. e u 1 i e o ides

Imagines

it I la'teres pale yellow ; t horaeii- -t ri| >es Mark ; len^t h 1.5 to 5 mill. (United

Stales. Knro|te. ( Jivenlaiid i 1. w a 1 t 1 i i

ad llaltores white ; thoracic stripes cinereous black ; length •JJ.". to i/jr> mm.
i < iivenlaiid i I', chorea

I cannot separate a b e r r a t :i Lundheck (1898) from
w a 1 t 1 i i .

1. Diamesa waltlii .Mei^en

1838 Diamesa Meigen. Syst. Besehr. 7:13,1

1856 Chironoinus Ilalid. in Walk. Ins. lirit. Dipt. 3:194

1864 Diamesa Schiner. Fauna Austr. L':r,1.~>

1S9S Diamesa a her rat a I.undbeek. Videiisk. .Meddel. L's'.i, 77

Larva, i 1'l.L'O. Jig.!h Tlir larvae \\<-rc taken in company with
the larvae of T h a 1 a s s o in y i a f u s c a amoiio llie alpie ou
the surface of rocks over \vhirh llie water ilows i-apidly. In color
it is pale liTeen. in .u'('ii«'i'al appearam-e and even in many/- details
of structure it Breath i-esemliles T li a 1 a s s o m y i a fusca.
The dorsal selerile of llie head is elon.ua led. shield-shape, with
two pairs of marginal setae; on the lateral selerite there is one
seta near the base of the mandible just above the lateral line,
one pair belo\v this one and a little cephalad; another pair about
one quarter of the len^ih of the head caudad of these but lying
as far below the lateral line as the first is above. Directly caudad
of the first, but midway between the front and hind margin of the
head, is another; close to the dorsal suture, one quarter the length
of the head cephalad of the caudal margin is still another; and
finally there is a single one on each side at the base of the labium.

The mouth parts are as shown in the figure. The epi pharynx
is shown with its parts extended. In the figure given by the
writer in Unl. GS. X. Y. State Museum (1903) these parts are
shown folded down. The lateral arms (la) are each expanded
apically into a handlike process with T or S fingers. The mandi-
bles each have 5 blunt teeth, a fringe of coarse-branched hairs
projecting mesad. and two stout setae on the dorsal surface near

.MAY FLIES AMD MIDGES OF NEW YORK

the base. The labium (1) has aibout 19 blunt teeth; the antennae
a iv of moderate length, bare, and with three terminal append-
ages. The entire body a p] .cars to be devoid of hairs. The
thoracic and anal feet are of the usual O h i r o n o in u s type.
The dorsal tuft of the anal segment, is present; blood gills of the
eleventh segment absent.

Pupa. The pupa is fuscous in color, -with a slightly greenish
tinge. Thoracic respiratory organs apparently wanting. On the
dorsal posterior margins of each of the abdominal segments, ex-
cepting the first and last, there are 10 to 12 short, stout caudad
projecting teeth, the two or three lying nearest the lateral mar-
gin being smaller than those near the median line; and on the
ventral surface of the segments, excepting the first, second and
last, there are six or eight stout teeth projecting cephalad. At
the anal end there are three pairs of short hollow filaments which
may have a respiratory function. The length of pupal life is
about two days.

This pupa greatly resembles that of D. c u 1 i c o i de s as de-
scribed by Heeger (1S53) excepting that there are eight abdominal
filaments in the latter while there are but six in the former.

Described from, specimens taken in Oascadilla creek, Ithaca,
N. Y. An empty pupal skin from Las Vegas, New Mexico, from
Professor Cockerell does not differ from the one described above.

Male. Black ; head black, including eyes, mouth parts and
antennae, the latter densely covered with long, dark brown hair.
Its first joint enlarged, disk-like, the second twice as long as
broad, the following 11 a little shorter than broad, the 14th
longer than all the rest taken together.' The palpi are somewhat
shorter than the antennae, four-jointed (besides a small basal
piece), the first joint shorter, the fourth longer than the other
two. Dorsum of the thorax black, subshining, with a faint cin-
ereous bloom covering the surface, excepting the three slightly
raised longitudinal stripes, which are deep black, and between
which are arranged some scattered black setae; scutellum dark
brown, with black setae; motanotum and pleura black, the latter
with a gray bloom; abdomen black, longer than the wings in
fresh specimens, covered with fine brown hairs, posterior mar-
gins of the segments narrowly cinereous. Genitalia conspicuous
and rather complex (pi .32, fig.14) ; the apical joint of the ap-
pendages triangular in outline with a sharp point; the basal
joint with a pointed process attached near its base on the inner
side, mesad of which are two smaller pointed projections. The
dorsal keel .is nearly straight and spike-like. Legs uniformly
fuscous, all the fourth tarsal joints shorter than the fifth, tarsal

1TG NI:\V vtiKK .STATIC MI-SI; i M

claws simple. Wings broad, aiid nearly as long as the abdomen
in fresh specimens; usually longer than the abdomen in dried
specimens; cinereous in color, the anterior veins conspicuous,
brownish or blade; media and cnbitus pale, posterior margin
very delicately ciliaie. Ilalteres usually pale, in an occasional
specimen brownish, ilic knob triangular in outline. Length ;!.."> to
r. nun. i pi.:;u. iig.i:;i.

Female. Cinereous black, front and opistome cinereous, eyes
but slight h excavated at base of aiilennae; palpi and antennae
fuscous, the latter \\iili s joints counting the disk-like basal
joint, short haired ipl.I'. lig.T i ; scuielliini liemispherical, dark
brown, with black setae; abdomen fuscous with short brown
hairs, posterior margins to the segments darker except on the
extreme edge, which is pale yellow; genitalia small, brown and
leaf-like; |ei;-s fuscous; claws simple; wings broad, and longer
than the abdomen ; anterior veins black ; media and cnbitus pale ;
length ."...". to r. mm. In other respects like the male. Described
from bred and captured specimens. New York, Idaho, Washing-
ton State, Greenland.

Fitch's C h i r o n o m us n i v o r i u n d u s . which I formerly
considered a s\imnym til hi a mesa \valtlii Meig.. I now
regard a.s distinct.

According to Lundbeck i L898), I>. w a 1 t 1 i i dues not possess
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing, he quoting Meigen as
authority for this statement; the European specimens, however,
which I have do possess these cilia, as do also my American speci-
mens. The cilia are quite short ami rather dilliciilt to see with a
hand lens. 1>. aberrata Lundbeck (1898, p.290), according
to its author, differs primarily from D. waltlii in possessing
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing; but since waltlii
does have the cilia, this distinction fails, and the two names must
be regarded as synonymous. In the description of aberrata
the scutellum and legs are said to be pale brown, while in
waltlii, as described above, they are dark brown or fuscous.
These differences are at most only varietal in character; and
furthermore, in immature specimens these parts are usually
somewhat paler than in mature specimens.

2. Diamesa chorea Lundbeck
1898 Diamesa Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 291

Greatly resembling D. aberrata Lundb.; its smaller size,
obscure coloring, white halteres and more slender legs will dis-
tinguish it.

MAY FL1I<:S AND M11HJKS ()[•' MOW YORK

177

Male. Thorax cinereous, with three cinereous black stripes,
the two laterals anteriorly abbreviated, the interval berween
sparsely hairy, seutelluni cinereous brown. pilose, nietathorax
cinereous-black, the pleura gray, the perl us cinereous-black.
Abdomen slender, cinereous-black with yellow hairs, the venter
paler, the anal segments wide. Antennae brown, 14-jointed,
plumose. Le.iis more or less dull brown, slender, sdose. llalteres-
white. Whi^s slightly tinted, nearly hyaline, the margin short
ciliale, the venation like that of D. aberrata. The fourth
tarsal joints shorter, or at least not longer than the fifth; the fore
metatarsus is somewhat shorter than the tibia.

Female. Antennae 8-jointed, short, the last joint elongate,
fusiform, the abdomen shorter and stouter than that of the male;
differs from the female of 1). aberrata in its smaller size,
shorter antennae, and wholly cinereous abdomen. Length of male
and female 2.75 to 4.25 mm. Greenland. Translation.

3. Diamesa culicoides Heeger
1853 Sitzb. K. K. Acad. Wiss. Wien. 10:7

The larva, pupa and adult of this European species were de-
scribed by Heeger (1853). Heeger's figures are reproduced on
1 1 ].::<;. fig. 15 to 25.

According to this author 80 to 100 eggs are laid by the female
in groups of 10 or 12 upon stones or other objects along banks of
the brook where they may be washed by the wuter from time to
time. The eggs are described as being yellowish-white, nearly
cylindrical, slightly smaller at one end, scarcely .25 mm. in length
and nearly one-half as wide. The larvae emerge in about 8 or
10 days. They are white in the beginning; later the dorsal sur-
face becomes brownish. When full grown about 12 mm. in
length. The eyes are subtriangular, small, flat and black; the
labnmi is rounded, brownish-yellow, chitinous, scarcely one-
sixth as broad as the head, one-half as long as broad, with four
rounded teeth. The lower lip is one-half as broad but twice as
long as the labrum, pale yellowish, truncated anteriorly, with the
anterior margin densely hairy; the palpi are attached basally
to this, and have the same structure as the lower lip. The labium
is dark brown, is one-fourth as broad as the head, with a semi-
circular anterior margin, this margin provided with six very short
rounded teeth on each side, and in the middle with a broadly
truncated one (fig.19) ; the mandible (fig.lS) is subcordate, one-
fourth as long as the head, with five short rounded teeth, proximad
of which there is a long row of yellowish brown, movable setae.
The larva spins a thin, tube-like dwelling from which the head

176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

claws simple. Wings broad, and nearly as long as the abdomen
in fresh specimens; usually longer than the abdomen in dried
specimens; cinereous in color, the anterior veins conspicuous,
brownish or black; media and cubitus pale, posterior margin
very delicately ciliate. Halteres usually pale, in an occasional
specimen brownish, the knob triangular in outline. Length 3.5 to
5mm. (pl.30, fig.13).

Female. Cinereous black, front and epistome cinereous, eyes
but slightly excavated at base of antennae; palpi and antennae
fuscous, the latter with 8 joints counting the disk-like basal
joint, short-haired (pl.P, fig.7) ; scutellum hemispherical, dark
brown, with black setae; abdomen fuscous with short brown
hairs, posterior margins to the segments darker except on the
extreme edge, which is pale yellow; genitalia small, brown and
leaf-like; legs fuscous; claws simple; wings broad, and longer
than the abdomen ; anterior veins black; media and cubitus pale:
length 3.5 to 5 mm. In other respects like the male. Described
from bred and captured specimens. New York, Idaho, Washing-
ton State, Greenland.

Fitch's Chirononius nivoriundus, which I formerly
considered a synonym of Diamesa waltlii Meig., I now
regard as distinct.

According to Lundbeck (1898), D. waltlii does not possess
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing, he quoting Meigen as
authority for this statement; the European specimens, however,
which I have do possess these cilia, as do also my American speci-
mens. The cilia are quite short and rather difficult to see with a
hand lens. D. aberrata Lundbeck (1898, p.290) , according
to its author, differs primarily from D. w a 1 1 1 i i in possessing
cilia on the posterior margin of the wing ; but since waltlii
does have the cilia, this distinction fails, and the two names must
be regarded as synonjinous. In the description of aberrata
the scutellum and legs are said to be pale brown, while in
waltlii, as described above, they are dark brown or fuscous.
These differences are at most only varietal in character ; and
furthermore, in immature specimens these parts are usually
somewhat paler than in mature specimens.

2. Diamesa chorea Lundbeck
1898 Diamesa Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 291

Greatly resembling D. aberrata Lundb.; its smaller size,
obscure coloring, white balteres and more slender legs will dis-
tinguish it.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 177

Male. Thorax cinereous, with three cinereous black stripes,
the two laterals anteriorly abbreviated, the interval between
sparsely hairy, scutelluni cinereous brown, pilose, metathorax
cinereous-black, the pleura gray, the pectus cinereous-black.
Abdomen slender, cinereous-black with yellow hairs, the venter
paler, the anal segments wide. Antennae brown, 14-jointed,
plumose. Legs more or less dull brown, slender, setose. Halteres-
white. Wings slightly tinted, nearly hyaline, the margin short
ciliate, the venation like that of 1). aberrata. The fourth
tarsal joints shorter, or at least not longer than the fifth ; the fore
metatarsus is somewhat shorter than the tibia.

3. Diamesa culicoides Heeger
1853 Sitzb. K. K. Acad. Wiss. Wien. 10:7

The larva, pupa and adult of this European species were de-
scribed by Heeger (1853). Heeger's figures are reproduced on
pl.3G, fig. 15 to 25.

According to this author 80 to 100 eggs are laid by the female
in groups of 10 or 12 upon stones or other objects along banks of
the brook where they may be washed by the water from time to
time. The eggs are described as being yellowish-white, nearly
cylindrical, slightly smaller at one end, scarcely .25 mm. in length
and nearly one-half as wide. The larvae emerge in about 8 or
10 days. They are white in the beginning; later the dorsal sur-
face becomes brownish. When full grown about 12 mm. in
length. The eyes are subtriangnlar, small, flat and black; the
labrum is rounded, brownish-yellow, chitinous, scarcely one-
sixth as broad as the head, one-half as long as broad, with four
rounded teeth. The lower lip is one-half as broad but twice as
long as the labrum, pale yellowish, truncated anteriorly, with the
anterior margin densely hairy; the palpi are attached basally
to this, and have the same structure as the lower lip. The labium
is dark brown, is one-fourth as broad as the head, with a semi-
circular anterior margin, this margin provided with six very short
rounded teeth on each side, and in the middle with a broadly
truncated one (fig.19) ; the mandible (fig.lS) is subcordate, one-
fourth as long as the head, with five short rounded teeth, proximad
of which there is a long row of yellowish brown, movable setae.
The larva spins a thin, tube-like dwelling from which the head

M;\V MI|;I< STATK MTSKI \l

mass is boiled or treated with hardening agents. The interior
of the cylinder is I raversed by interwoven cords. As many as 19
spires hiivc been counted in one egg mass and since each spire
commonly contains about I." e^gs, the total may amount to 850

or even more."

In an nndricrminrd Norili American species observed b\ the
writer. the egg mass is in ihc form of a cliini]) enveloped in gela-
tine. which is moored l>y means of a coi-d lo a stone or a weed
along ihe hank of a pool. The eggs within this elumji have no
definite arrangement but lie at random Hig.lui. Another North
American species lays a siring in which the eggs are arranged
-ho\\u in lig.l.~. and still another as shown in lig.12.

Larva. All the larvae of the numbers of this group are rather
slender. ha\e a rather short head, and possess thoracic and anal
pro legs ipLlCi. In si/.- the mature larvae \ary from 4 or 5 mm.
to upwards of i1.". mm. .Many of the largest species are blood red
in color, while the smaller ones are yellow, light or dark green.
brownish, or pink. The head is small, brownish in color, heavily
chit ini/.ed. and a lit t le longer t ban wide. The sch-rites of the head
..insist of a doi>al. \eniral. and two lateral plates, besides a num-
ber of smaller ones. The dorsal sclerite is elongate shield-shaped,
often with a few setae. Attached to the front margin of this
plate is the labrum. which hangs Hap-like in front of the mouth
and may be bent backward; and on the under surface are several
pairs of setae, usually pectinate. Attached to the ventral surface
of the labrum is the epipharynx. This is a rather complex struc-
ture; it is attached at its anterior margin, its free margin projects
ventrad and caudad. Its form varies in the different genera.
The lateral plates bear two pairs of rudimentary eyes (pigment
spots) as well as the antennae and the jaws. The antennae (pl.16,
fig.5, and pl.22, fig.la) are situated on the anterior end of the
lateral plates; they consist of a comparatively long basal joint
and several shorter terminal ones. The mandibles (pl.22, fig.l,
md) situated ventrad of the antennae are stout and have a four or
five, toothed margin. They are articulated in such a manner that
they move in an oblique plane, striking the labium (pl.16, fig.5).
The labium is attached or rather is coalescent with the front
margin of the ventral sclerite of the head, the suture separating

MAY FLIKS AND MIlXiKS OF NKNV YORK 181

the sclerite from the lateral ones only faintly marked. Miall and
Hammond (1000) consider the ventral piece as a portion of the
lateral sclerite. The margin of the labium is toothed (pl.22,
fig.l 1) ; the size and arrangement of the teeth vary in the different
species. Near the base and veutrad of the mandibles are the
maxillae ( fig.l mx) consisting of fleshy processes, with a short
cephalad projecting palpus (fig.l p), and some setae and papillae.
On each side of the labium is a striated and flexible fan-shaped
flap which helps to close in the month. On the floor of the mouth
cavity, lying close to the labium, is the hypopharynx (fig.l hy),
with various setae and papillae. The prothoracic pair of feet is
furnished with a large number of slender, curved hairs, some-
times pectinate, the two feet very close together so that they
appear almost as one (pl.21, fig.8). The first three segments of
the body in specimens which are ready to transform are enlarged
and represent the thoraxj the intermediate segments of the
abdomen are subequal in length and usually have a few setae. On
the ventral surface of the eleventh segment of those species which
are blood red in color there are two pairs of long blood gills
pl.lG) ; on the caudal end of the dorsal aspect of the last segment
are two small papillae each surmounted by a tuft of a few long
hairs; ventrad of these there is a bunch of four short blood gills.
The anal feet are about as long as the eleventh segment, each one
with a crown of from 10 to 20 bifid claws (pl.21, fig.9).

Pupa. The pupa is somewhat elongate, the thorax enlarged,
and the abdomen 8-segmented, not counting the anal appendages
(pl.16 and pl.23, fig.9). Upon the cephalic end of the thorax are
the respiratory organs, which may consist of a pair of much
branched filaments, or a pair of tubes or knobs, or may be entirely
wanting. On the abdomen there are frequenlly a few lateral fila-
ments, and at the caudal end of the lateral fins of the eighth seg-
ment there is often a chitini/ed comb or spur (pl.22, figs. 8 and
20) with a variable number of teeth depending upon the species.
Usually the dorsuni of each abdominal segment is marked by a
large number of short and very minute setae arranged in some
constant pattern for a given species i pl.22, figs. 3, 12, 13, 14, ].~>i.
The ninth or anal segment may be provided with a fringe of
matted hairs, forming a paddle, or may have only a few charac-
teristic setae.

182 >:;:\y VOIIK STATE .\irsr:r.M

Imago. Kather large to very snmll species, characterized by the
structure of their antennae and the win<; venation. Head small,
somewhat compressed laterally; epistome somewhat prominent,
and usually hairy: prolmscis short ; palpi incurved. four jointed,
the last joint somewhat elongated. Antennae of the male 14-
jointed, the lirst joint large. disk-like; the second cylindrical,
the following ones rounded and closely crowded, the last joint
very long. often as long ;is the others taken together; all long
plumose; that of the female 7 jointed, the lirst disk-like, the second
cylindrical, the following egg or pear-shaped, short verticillate,
the hist one cylindrical or ellipsoidal, short-haired; eyes reniform.
ocelli .-ire wanting. Mesothorax highly an-hed. projecting over
the head, without transverse suture, with a depressed area in
front of the sen lei him : the pec t us deeply arched, scut id him small;
metanolum \\ell developed. Abdomen long and narrow, com-
pressed cylindrical. X-jointed; h\popygiuin long-like. Legs very
slender and long, especially the anterior pair, which are widely
separated from the following pairs; coxae elongated, the lihiae
sometimes very short, and the metatarsi often much elongated,
the vesture woollv and short, sometimes fringe-like ; claws and

pulvilli present. Wings long and slender, hairy or hare, folded
over the abdomen when a! res! ; in the male oflen shorter than
the abdomen. Venation as in the figures on pis. 28. 20. .'50, and
31; anal angle present ; the halteres free.

A^an der Wnlp (1874) divided this group into a number of genera,
using as characters for the subdivisions the relative length of
the fore tibia to the metatarsus, the condition of the wing, i.e.,
whether hairy or bare, and the course of the cubitus. Descrip-
tions of these genera are given on subsequent pages.

Genus 37. Thalassomyia Schiner
Verb. zool. bot. Gesell. G:218. 1856

This genus was erected by Schiner (loc. cit.) to contain the
species T, frauenfeldi, of which only the female was
known. More recently I)r Tomosvary (1884) described another
species T. congregata, , and in 1903 the writer described
the male and female of a third, T. o b s c u r a . Ooquillett
(1902) described a fly which he called Orthoicladius

MAY FI.1KS AM) MIIMJKS OK \K\V VdltK

j> 1 a I v p u s from Arizona and which probably also belongs to
this genus, making four species Ilius far known.

The eggs of T. congrega I a are laid in strings of gelatine,
in which the elongate oval eggs are placed. The larvae of the
two species of which they are known live in rapidly flowing
\\aier. Here the larva spins upon the surface of ihe rock a
cocoon so loose, transparent, and open that it is not hidden by
it, though it prevents the larva from being washed away. The
larva greatly resembles Dii a m e s a from which the one Ameri-
can species which is known in the larval state can be distin-
guished by the form of its labium. The larva is pale green in
color with a dark brown head, and without blood-gills on the
ventral surface of the eleventh segment. The pupa is apparently
without thoracic respiratory organs; and the dorsal surface of
the abdomen is provided wilh numerous setae.

Imago. The genus resembles in many respects both Ortho-
c 1 a. dins and I) i a in e s a ; from the former it may be distin-
guished by its having the fourth tarsal joint of all the feet in both
sexes obcordate and shorter than the fifth; from the latter genus
in having no M-Cu. crossvein I pi. .'SO, fig.ll').

Head" small, broad, eyes elongate, somewhat emarginate, ocelli
wanting. Antennae 14-jointed in the male, long, densely haired,
the 14th joint like that of 0 h i r o n o m u s; antennae of female
7-jointed, sparsely short-haired, joints rounded, basal joint of
both male and female flattened, disk like. Palpi 4-jointed.
Thorax arched. Abdomen of the male moderately slender, of the
female shorter and stouter. Legs moderately slender, fore meta-
tarsus shorter than the tibia, the fourth tarsal joint of all the
feet in 'both sexes shorter than the fifth and obcordate. Wings
bare, venation resembling that of ()rt hocla d i us, the M-Cn.
crossvein wanting. The forking of the cubit us may be either
proximad or distad of Hie KM crossvein.

KEY TO SPECIES OF THALASSOMYIA

Imagines

a Dorsum of thorax blackish with indications of three stripes; humoral
spots, scutellum, and pleura yellnwish or hruwnish : abdomen dull
black, first two segments greenish : li-ni.rili 3 to 5 mm. (Now York)

1. o b s c u r a

aa Thorax black, humeral spot yellow; length 2.5mm. (Flagstaff, Arizona)

2. platypus

184 • NEW YoitK STATI: MrsF.r.M

1. Thalassomyia obscura Johannsen
1903 Thalassomyia Johamisni. N. Y. State Museum bul. 68. 437

Larva. The eggs were not found. The larva is 8 to 10 mm. in
length when full grown, pale or \ellowish green iu color, iis
head is dark bro\\n and lic;i\ily rliiliui/.cd. The head is some-
what longer than wide, the dorsal siiinre \\ell marked. Two setae
are placed immediaiely in from of the iransverse suhire. and at
the a]»ical end of the labrum are two more. The lateral arms of the
ventral surface of the labrum are rather sliori ami si out, and some-
what pointed. The .-interior ventral margin of the lahrnm is provided
with short lleshv lilamenls instead of.setae as is usuallv the case in

•

C h i r o n o m u s. The antennae are small. the l>;\sal joints about
four times as long as \\ide. each with i\\o terminal pieces, one of
which is four-jointed, the other simple. The mandiMe is about
twice iis long us broad, \\iih li\e blunt teeih; articulated at the
base is a long slender process with four terminal spines. The
maxillae are short prut uh.-iviices. covered with pointed projec-
tions, with a very short palpus with its terminal papillae, and
two stout setae projecting ventrad. The hypopharynx is tongue-
like, with two long basal pieces. Its apex and its dorsal surface
are covered with pointed papillae; vent rally there is an open
arched rib. At the cephalic en 1 of the ventral sclerite. and coales-
cent -\vith it. is the labium. with 11 blunt marginal teeth, the
middle one wide and broadly truncated. On the prothoracic seg-
ment are the two prolegs. each with about :;o long curved spines,
and a number of short and very small spines on the ventral sur-
face. At the base is a single slender seta, on each side a little
dorsad of the lateral line are two more, and candad of these and
"below the lateral line a group of three. The eleventh segment is
without blood gills; the twelfth with two comparatively short
legs, each with a crown of 8 to -10 bifid claws; on the dorsal sur-
face are two small protuherences upon each of which is a tuft of
five or six long setae. Ilet ween the legs and projecting candad
are four short blood gills.

Pupa. The pupa is about 4.5 mm. long, with the colors of the
adult. It is much shorter in comparison to its breadth than is
C h i r o n o m u s . The wings extend to a little beyond the pos-
terior margin of the second abdominal segment. Eight segments
are present besides the short anal segment. On the dorsum of
each segment, toward the caudal margin, is a transverse band of
stout black bristles. Each band is composed of five or six rows.
The most caudad of these rows contain the longest bristles.
The anal segment is composed of two small lobes, each with a
single apical bristle. After two to four days of pupal life it
transforms into the imago. (See pl.50 in X. Y. State Mus.
Bul. 68.)

MAY KUKS \.\1> MIIK.KS OF NKW YORK 185

Imago, male. Front and epistome yellow, palpi fuscous, shorter
than the antennae, iis lirst joint about 1.5 times as long as broad,
the second twice, the third three times and the fourth four times
as long as the lirst. Antennae fuscous, 1 (jointed, the lirst disk-
like, (lie second longer than broad, the third to the thirteenth
about as long as broad, the fourteenth longer than all the others
taken together; all furnished with long brown hairs except the
apical one-fourth of the fourteenth. Dorsurn of the thorax black-
ish; yellow on the humeri and pleura, covered with a white bloom,
most conspicuous on the humeri. The dorsum of the thorax has
a dirty yellow ground color, but the three black longitudinal
stripes are so wide that only a little of the ground color shows,
excepting on the humeri and the two very narrow faint longi-
tudinal stripes separating the three wide, black ones; the scutel-
lum is chestnut; metathorax black; pectus brown; abdomen dull
black, the dorsum of the first two segments greenish; the extreme
edge of each segment, paler fuscous; the venter greenish, darker,
almost black on the more posterior segments. The green is sharply
separated from the dorsal color on a lateral line. In dried speci-
mens this green color becomes dusky; legs almost black, the coxae
and the bases of the femora yellowish, fore tarsi only pubescent,
not hairy; fore metatarsus about three fourths as long as the
tibia; tarsal claws simple; wings hyaline, hairless, the anterior
veins yellowish, the rest hyaline, venation as in fig.l-, pl.30 ; ante-
rior and posterior margins delicately ciliate; genitalia inconspic-
uous. Halteres white. Length 3 to 5 mm.

Female. Antennae seven-jointed, black, with short hairs.
Thorax with black stripes a little narrower than in the male,
hence the yellow stripes separating- them and those on the humeri
more conspicuous. Pectus. s< utellum, and a little space in front
of the latter brown; the pectus in dried specimens sometimes
nearly black; pleura yellow, metanotum black; abdomen as with
the male, but the venter is paler; legs black, coxae and bases of
femora yellow; tarsal claws simple; wings hyaline, anterior mar-
gin and tip a little dusky; anterior veins yellow; wing margins
delicately ciliate; venation as with the male; halteres white.
Length :> to 5 mm. Manv captured and bred specimens. Ithaca,
X. V.

2. Thalassomyia platypus Coquillett

1902 Orthocladius Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 25 :93

Black, a large dull yellowish humeral spot, halteres. trochanters,
and extreme bases of femora yellow; hairs of antennae dark gray,
thorax opaque, grayish pruinose; tarsi only pubescent, the fourth
joint dilated, emarginate at the apex, noticeably shorter than the
fifth, first joint of front tarsi three fourths as long as the tibiae;

186 \K\V MiKK STATi: Ml SKIM

wings hyaline, small crossveins not darker than I he adjacent

veins, not clouded with In-own, third vein beyond its middle

slightly bowing toward the costa : length 1'..") mm. Male. Flag-
staff, Arizona. New .Jersey i. Johnson i.

Thalassomyia frauenfeldi Schiner

Theobald in "An Acconni oi i'.riiish Files." p.L'Oi', reproduces
a note id' .Mr Swainson. which reads in part as follows:

. . . I found this larva several times on Obelia /oophytes

gro\\ ing at tl ml of St Anne's pier. Next 1 found it on some

< 'oryne from the. Mumbles t Swansea i and more recent ly 1 dredged.
ii from lifteeii fathoms oil Spanish lle;id I Isle of .Mam adhering
to sea \\eed. Professor .Miall. of Leeds, to whom I sent specimens,

thought it would ultimately turn out that .Johnston's Compon-
tia was Schiuer's Thalassomyia Irauenfeldi. This*
seems verv j:ossiJi!e. as the descript ions are \er\ simihr. . ."
The figure given by Theobald i iS'.ll'i is reproduced on pl.-'M, lig.l.

Genus 38. Chironomus Meigen
miner's MUI.M/.. _ :'_'»;o. Iso:;. « ' h i r o u o ni u s , p.-irl i

Larva. The larvae of this ^enns dill'er from those of tl ther

genera of the -jronp < ' h i r o n o m u s primarily in the form of
the month paits. and are known us Idoodworms; some species,
however, have pale larvae. The antennae are short, with tlie
first joint nearly twice as lou^- .-|S the remaining four taken to-
li'i ther. Set on the end of the lirsi joint, there is. liesides the
second joint an nnseumented ap]iendaue. On the under surface
of the labi-um are several pairs of setae and sometimes a pair of
fan-shaped organs, perhaps sense-organs. The epipharynx is well
developed, and on each side of it is a loni;- chitinized, sickle-
shaped ]irocess. which are called the lateral arms in the following
descriptions i pl.1'1'. ti^.10 la. and jd.l'.'l. ti<;-.lll lr). At the anterior
margin of the epipharyn-x is a minute comb with candad jn'oject-
ing teeth (pi .-3, fig. 10 c) ; candad of these is a horseshoe shaped
piece with the open end projecting cephalad (fig.lOi. Within
this arch are several curved pectinate setae, which may be erected,
though they are usually folded down as shown in the figures. The
maxilla has. besides the rather prominent palpus, some cephalad
projecting filaments on the outer lateral margin and a number of
setae, papillae and filaments on the inner margin ipl.-l', fig.l mx).
The eleventh abdominal segment has usually though not always
two pairs of blood gills besides those on the twelfth segment.

MAY 1'UKS AM) MII><;i:s OK XKW YORK 187

Pupa. The pupa usually remains within the lube constructed
by the larva, but is capable of swimming freely like a frog larva.
It is provided with a pair of much branched thoracic filaments,
and its caudal segment is fringed with long matted hairs or
filaments forming a paddle (pl.LM, tig.'J f) .

Imago. The genus C h i r o n o m u s as restricted by Van der
Wulp 1 1ST4 and 1877, p.lM.T) is defined by him in the latter work
as follows: Face usually hairy, lengthened downward snout-like;
proboscis .short, palpi bent, 4-joiuted, the last joint elongated.
Antennae filiform, in the male 14-jointed, the first joint short,
disk-like, the second cylindrical, the following rounded, closely
sessile, the end joint very long and slender, all long and densely
plumose; toward (he Up the hairs become gradually shorter; in
the female the antennae are much shorter, 7-jointed; the first joint
short, disk-like, the second cylindrical, the following four oval,
sparsely haired, the last joint somewhat elongate. The eyes on
their mesal margin deeply emarginate, ocelli wanting: Thorax
highly arched, more or less projecting over the head, flattened in
front of the scutellum, pectus very prominent, scutelluni small ;
metanotum well-developed; the markings of the thorax, if not
imicolored, consist of three, usually wide longitudinal stripes, of
which the median is posteriorly and the two laterals anteriorly
abbreviated; sometimes the median stripe is divided longitudin-
ally by a fine line, which continues to the scutellum. Abdomen
cylindrical, in the male sometimes flattened, the last or anal seg-
ment distinctly separated from the preceding, longer than broad,
the genitalia projecting tong-like, the claspers filiform or leaf-like.
Legs long and slender, particularly the fore pair, of which the
tibiae are frequently very short, while the fore metatarsus is
always longer than its tibia ; the fore tarsi of the male are some-
times peculiarly haired; the tarsal claws and pulvilli upon all
the feet are small but distinct. The wings are bare, in the male
often shorter than the abdomen, the anal angle always present,
sometimes strongly projecting; subcostal vein delicate but dis-
tinct, as is also Kt which enters the costa beyond the middle of
the wing; R4+r/ emerges from the small crossvein, at its extremity
usually slightly curved downward, entering the margin not far
from the apex of the wing; the media is unbranched and joins

188 xt;\v YORK STATK MISKTM

the wing margin at or a little below the apex; the cubitus is
forked; the R-M crossvein is at aliout the mid length of the wing;
the humeral n-ussvein is sometimes wanting.

To the aliove description I may add that K. . is present though
usually quite delicate. The male genitalia consist of a dorsal
downward curved keel, a pair of elongate lateral lobes, a pair of
inferior ami a pair of superior IO!K-S i pl.:!L'. tig. 7 to 13) .

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHIRONOMUS

Larva<

Tla- tooih on tin' middle lii t' a lahium having mi odd iminber of teeth

will !M- r:illcd the middle or incdi:in Inotli. the lirst tooth laterad of this
will IK- called the !ir<t lateral: the <e.-oiid. Hie second lateral, and so on.
When there is aii e\eii unmix r of iceih. the lirst one laterad of the median
line will he called the lirst lateral: the se< -mid. the second lateral, etc.

a Luhium with an odd nninher of teeth (i. e. center line bisects the middle

tooth)
l> Middle tooth broadly truncate. pl.'Jl. tiu'.ls; pl.'J.",, fig.15

C First lateral tooth smaller than the aecond, second truncaie, pi. 23,

I i _•.!."• 59. ?pluinosus

CC First lateral about same size as the third lt'». f 1 a v i c i n g u 1 a

lib Middle tooth rounded
• • Middle tooth trilohed

<l Teeth short, pl.23, fig.S GO. d e c o r u s n. sp.

(Id Teeth lonjr. pl.2:!. fig.13 79. C h i r . sp.

CC Middle tooth simple

<I First and second lateral teeth rather closely united, pi. 21, fig.l

• Teeth as shown on pi. 21, fig.l 25. t e n e 1 1 u s

- • First and second laterals more distinctly separated than shown

on this plate 48. dux n. sp.

>1<1 First and second laterals as distinctly separated as the other
teeth

• Middle tooth shorter than the first laterals; blood red larva

80. C h i r . sp.

• • Middle tooth as long or longer than the laterals

f Second and third laterals longer than the first laterals and

closely united, pi. 37, fig.27 63a. t e n t a n s

ff Not as above

g Second laterals longer than the first and third

h As shown on pl.23, fig.l GOa. d o r s a 1 i s

1th As shown on pi. 37, fig.25 63. prasinus

gg Teeth gradually becoming smaller from the median line

towards the lateral margin

h Teeth almost uniform in size, pl.22, fig.7. .81. C h i r . sp.
Jih Middle tooth distinctly larger

i Middle tooth semicircular, pl.23, fig.3. .52. lobiferus
// Middle tooth hyperbolic, pl.22, fig.ll. .43. modestus

MAY KLIKS ANU MIHUKS <>!•' NK\V YORK 189

aa Labinm \vitli an even number of teeth

It The two middle teeth much paler in color than the others, pl.22, fig.22

82. Chir. sp.
Itl) The teeth uniformly dark

c Middle pair (first laterals) shorter than the second laterals, pl.22,

fig.2-Jt 44. fulviventris n. sp.

cc Middle pair as long or longer than the laterals

(/ Middle pair (first laterals) noticeably longer than the second

laterals
c Third laterals longer than the second, pl.22, fig.l

41. f 1 a v u s n. sp.
CG Third laterals about same size as the second; bloodworms, pl.21,

fig.G 32. nig r leans n. sp.

</</ The middle pair about the same size as the second laterals ;
bloodworms, pl.23, flg.G, No. S3 ; and pl.22, fig.21, No. 84

Pupae

aa Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment terminates in a spur, which

may be simple or toothed
b Spur simple, without teeth

c Abdominal segments each with a few long setae, pl.22, fig.20

40. ? f u 1 v u s n. sp.

cc Abdominal segments each with a pattern of very minute spines
<l Spurs of eighth segment stout, pl.23, fig.12. .60. d e c o r u s n. sp.
(/(/ Spurs slender and seta-like

e See pl.22, figs. 8 and 12 43. niodestus

ce See pl.21, figs. 2 and 3 25. t e n e 1 1 u s

bb Spur, if present, with teeth

c Spur wanting, pl.22, fig.14 43b. Var. of m o d e s t u s

cc Spur present

(/ Large species over 15 mm. in length, pl.23, fig.14

59. ? p 1 u m o s u s
ild Smaller species

e Each abdominal segment with a fuscous transverse band near
the anterior margin, produced at the ends into lateral longi-
tudinal vittae, pl.22, figs. 3 and 4 41. f 1 a v u s n. sp.

< i Not so marked. Species from Saranac Inn, pl.22, figs. 13 and 17,

;i nd fig.18 (perhaps T a n y t a r s u s sp.)
aa Lateral fin with a comb of three or more teeth
b Comb with three distinct- teeth, pl.22, fig.2G

44. f u 1 v i v e n t r i s n. sp.
Ib Comb not as shown in this figure

c The median abdominal segments each marked with three trans-
verse bands; the first and third narrow, the middle one wide with
a number of hyaline spots, pl.21, figs. 10 and 17

1C. f 1 a v i c i n g u 1 a
cc Abdominal segments not so marked

d In nearly mature pupae may be seen the lobes on the dorsum of
each abdominal segment of the enclosed imago, pl.23, figs. 4
and 5.. ..52. lobiferus

190 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

del Not as above

.? Dorsuin of each median abdominal segment marked with spines
of several sizes; those in a transverse row near the anterior
and the posterior margins are most prominent

32. nig r leans n. sp.
ee The spines most conspicuous in two oblong patches beyond the

middle of each segment
f The teeth of the comb of the eighth segment projects caudad,

pi. 22, figs. 15 and 1G 43a. Var. aofniodestus

ff Teeth of the comb of the eighth segment project laterad.
Markings on the abdomen resembles pi. 22, fig.15, but covers
more area on the anterior segments. 48. dux n. sp.

Wej'eubergli (1874) gives a few notes on the larvae of several
species, among others, C . n ti b e c u 1 o s n s , d i v e r s u s ,
r i p a r i u s, a n n u 1 a r i s , c h 1 o r i s , v i r e s c e n s, and
tentans. Of ten tans only is a description given. Doctor
Dyar (1902) gives descriptions of larva and pupa of C. anony-
mus Will. (No. 55). This description is in part reproduced on
a subsequent page.

Imagines

Most of Say's and Wiedemaun's species have been recognized and have
been placed in the following key. Of Walker's species only one or two
have been recognized and for this reason a separate key is given upon a
subsequent page for them :
a Wings with spots or cross bands

1) Dorsum of thorax polished black (humeri may be yellow)

c Humeral region of thorax tinged with yellow, wing with only a faint

cloud 1. brachialis

cc Thorax entirely black (var. of above?) 2. atrinianus

l>b Dorsum of thorax not polished black
c Wings with spots

d Each wing with about eleven spots ; brownish or greyish species ;

3 mm. in length (New Mexico) 3. v a r i p e n n i s

rid Wings not so marked

c Thorax pale yellow, wing with four spots ; length 1.2 mm.

Cuban species 4. o c t o p u n c t a t u s

ee Thorax brownish

f Wing with three dark spots ; thorax indistinctly striped ; abdo-
men dusky ; length 2 to 2.5 mm 5. scalaenus

ff Wing with five or six spots, or bars ; abdomen of female with
whitish posterior margins to the segments; length 2mm.

( St Vincent Island ) G. s p i 1 o p t e r u s

cc Wings with cross bars

d Brownish species ; abdomen of female black with white posterior
margins to the segments ; length 2 mm. (St Vincent Island)

G. spilopterus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 191

(/(/ Yellowish or greenish species

e Legs pale; tibiae with black tips'; thorax and abdomen yellow;

length 4 mm 7. fascipennis

ce Some or all femora partly black ; nietanotum with brown vittae

or spots ; length about 4 mm.
f " Metanotum marked with a transverse pair of triangular

brown spots " 8. t a e n i a p e n n i s

ff " Metanotum marked with a pair of brown spots which
approach each other posteriorly." (This may be a synonym
of the t a e n i a p e u n i s above) . .9. p u 1 c h r i p e n n i s
aa Wings unmarked, excepting sometimes with darkened crossvein

& Dorsum of thorax and abdomen black. The former may have indis-
tinct stripes and the latter may have paler incisures
c Legs black or fuscous
d Thorax shining black

e Halteres white ; wings white, immaculate ; male ; length

2.75 mm 10. b r u n u i p e s

ce Halteres with brown knob ; wings hyaline, very slightly smoky,
with anterior veins and crossvein brown ; fore metatarsus
nearly twice as long as its tibia ; length 3.5 mm.

11. b r u n n e i p e n n i s n. sp.
dd Thorax grayish, with black stripes ; abdomen black

e Abdomen uniformly dark brown or black ; halteres white with

end of knob brown 12. caliginosus n. sp.

ec Abdomen with whitish incisures or margins

f Fore metatarsus % longer than its tibia ; halteres dark in the
male, paler in the female ; anterior tarsi of the male with

long hairs 13. niveipennis

ff Fore metatarsus % longer than its tibia

.'/ Anterior tarsi of the male long-haired ; abdominal segments
with narrow white posterior margins ; wings hyaline with

black crossvein (Greenland) 14. hyperboreus

(j<j Anterior tarsi of the male short-haired ; abdominal seg-
ments with cinereous margins ; wings slightly cinereous

15. s t' a e g e r i
cc Legs more or less pale

d. Halteres with gray or black knobs

e Femur black with yellow apical ring; tibia black and yellow;

wings with black crossveiu 16. flavicingula

ce Legs not so marked

f Mesonotum and scutellum shining black

11. b r u n n e i p e n n i s n. sp.
ff Mesonotum pruinose, scutellum yellowish ; length 2.3 mm.

17. h a 1 1 e r a 1 i s
del Halteres with pale knobs

c Basal joint or joints of abdomen yellow

jf First and second abdominal segments 3rellow ; male

18. n i t i d e 1 1 u s
ff First segment only yellow 19. f a 1 1 a x u. sp.

192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ee* Basal joints black

f Crossvein clouded with black or brown

g Fore metatarsus about iya times its tibia in length ; ante-
rior tarsi of both sexes very slender and without hairs or

with but few hairs ; legs pale 20. r i p a r i u s

gg Fore metatarsus less than 1% times its tibia in length;

anterior tarsi of the male bearded

li The second fore tarsal joint shorter than the third ; male

fore tarsi long and densely bearded. . . .21. b a r b i p e s

lih The second fore tarsal joint longer than the third; male

fore tarsi long but thinly bearded. . . .22. a n n u 1 a r i s

ff Crossvein not clouded

g Length about 7 mm. ; black, abdomen black, in the male
sometimes with yellow latteral spots ; male fore tarsi
delicately bearded ; fore metatarsus about iy2 times the

length of its tibia 23. d i s p a r .

gg Length less than 6 mm.

h Thorax shining black, not striped ; abdomen black
i Legs blackish, fore metatarsi white ; length 4 mm.

24. albiinanus
U Legs pale yellow ; abdomen of female with paler base ;

length 3.5 mm 25. t e n e 1 1 u s

lih Thorax duller, with indications of black or grey stripes
i Abdomen either olive green, or black and white

;' With dark olive green abdomen; legs ferruginous;

length 4.5 nun. ; male 26. c h 1 o r i s

jj With white posterior margin on each abdominal seg-
ment ; legs black and white ; length 4 to 5 mm.
k Fore femora black, fore metatarsus less than 1.33

times as long as its tibia 27. devinctus

lik Middle section of each femur, white; fore meta-
tarsus about 1.6G times its tibia in length

28. c a 1 i f o r n i c u s n. sp.
ii Abdomen black

; Thorax blackish with black stripes; legs wholly
white, except sometimes middle section of fore
femora is brownish (abdomen of male is white) ;

female 32. n i g r i c a n s n. sp.

;';' Thorax dark brown with broad yellowish median
vitta on anterior half and a pair of gray vittae on
posterior part ; abdomen velvet-black, hairs yellow

(District of Columbia) 29. p a 1 1 i a t u s

6& Thorax or abdomen or both with considerable green or yellow or gray
c Thorax entirely shining black, excepting sometimes the humerus,
which may be yellow

d Abdomen yellow with brown bauds 1. brachialis

dd Abdomen bright green, paler when dry, posterior segments darker
e Halteres wholly pale 30. pedellus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 193

ee Halteres with black tip 31. pedestris

cc Thorax not shining black

d Legs dark brown ; thorax yellow with three black stripes ; female

10. brunnipes
dd Legs more or less yellow

e Thorax dark brown with three broad black stripes ; abdomen
nearly white, excepting sometimes the last three segments ;
incisures occasionally slightly fuscous
/ Legs white, the middle section of each fore femur occasionally

brownish ; male 32. nig r leans n. sp.

if Legs white, apical one third or one half of each fore femnr and
basal one third or one half of each tibia black ; middle
and hind knees sometimes also darkened ; last three abdomi-
nal segments blackish ; male 30. pedellus

ee Thorax not so marked when the abdomen is pale

f Abdomen fuscous, the anterior segments yellowish green

33. a b e r r a n s n. sp.
ff Abdomen not marked in this manner
g Abdomen nearly uniform in color

h Abdomen brown, olive green or black

i Abdomen dark olive green ; legs ferruginous ; fore
femora dark ; crossvein not clouded ; female

26. c h 1 o r i s
ii Abdomen dark green, brown or black

; Thorax yellow unstriped ; abdomen brown ; legs yel-
low; length 3 to 4 mm. (St Vincent Island)

34. 1 u g u b r i s
jj Thorax brown or yellowish with stripes

k Legs wholly yellow; abdomen black with yellowish

base ; female 25. t e n e 1 1 u s

klc Legs partly brownish

I Thorax dark brown with broad yellow median
vitta, and a pair of gray vittae on posterior
part ; abdomen velvet black ; anterior femora

brownish 29. p a 1 1 i a t u s

U Thorax with black or brown stripes
m Halteres pale ; female with dark greenish abdo-
men ; fore metatarsus nearly twice as long

as its tibia 35. f u m i d u s n. sp.

mm Knob of halteres with a dark tip ; abdomen

fuscous 12. c a i i g i n o s u s n. sp.

Till Abdomen pale, bright green or yellow ; in dried speci-
mens sometimes somewhat brownish ; crossvein uncol-
ored

i Species exceeding 6% mm. in length
; Abdomen of female yellow.; male with darker mark-
ings in front of incisures ; pectus, metanotum and
scutellum pale; dorsum yellow with three dark yel-
low stripes ; length 6.5 to 7.5 mm ... 36. t e n d e n s

194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

jj Thorax pale greenish, with a " fuscous longitudinal
line on the anterior dilated line ". ..37. 1 i n e a t u s
ii Species less than G nun. in length

j Thorax reddish yellow, shining, with three dark
brown stripes ; metanotnm brown, scutellum yel-
low; abdomen green (when dried sometimes
brownish) ; legs yellow ; tarsal articulations usually
darkened ; fore metatarsus but little longer than

its tibia ; length 5 to 6 mm 38. albipennis

jj Not as above ; thoracic stripes buff-colored

k Thorax and abdomen green, the former with a
median black line, besides the usual buff-colored
stripes ; metanotum with a black spot ; length

5 mm 39. t a e n i o n o t u s

kk Thorax without the black median line

I Species having the fore metatarsus more than

1% times as long as its tibia
111 Yellow species (in dried specimens)

n Deep yellow species, usually 3 to 4.5 mm. in
length ; fore metatarsus about 1.75 times
the length of its tibia ; female

40. f u 1 v u s u. sp.
mi Pale yellow species with a striped thorax;

abdomen having a greenish tinge in living
specimen ; length 2 to 2.5 mm.

41. f 1 a v u s n. sp.
mm Abdomen green and usually thorax also

n Fore tibia two thirds as long as its femora,
fore metatarsus nearly twice as long as the
tibia ; length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

42. b r e v i t i b i a 1 i s
•nil Fore tibia more than two thirds as long as

the femora
o Species 3.5 mm. or more in length

p Male genitalia with the lateral arms
slender, and somewhat lanceolate ;
thorax with buff-colored stripes; its
ground color greenish yellow or yel-
low in the male ; green in the female

43. modestus

pp Genitalia of male with the lateral arms
much prolonged and clubbed at the
end, pl.32, fig.9

43. Var. b. modestus
oo Species 3 mm. or less in length

43. Var. a. modestus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 195

11 The fore metatarsus less than 1.4 times as long

as its tibia
iu Yellow or whitish species

n Deep yellow species ; female with greenish
tinged abdomen ; male with brown abdom-
inal fasciae ; fore metatarsus about 1%
times as long as its tibia ; length 4 to

5mm 44. fulviventris n. sp.

nn Species with white or very slightly green-
tinted abdomen ; thorax testaceous ; knees
blackish, fore metatarsus about 1.25 times
as long as its tibia ; length 4 mm. ( See

also No. 54) 45. p a 1 1 i d u s n. sp.

inm Green species

n Joints of the legs each with a moderately
wide black apical band ; fore femora and
fore metatarsus of about equal length and
each about 1.33 longer than the tibia

46. f r e q u e n s n. sp.

nn Joints of legs without distinct black apices
o Fore femora and tibiae of equal length;
fore metatarsus about 1.33 times as long
as the tibia ; fore tarsi of male hairy

47. v i r i d i s

oo Fore femora noticeably longer than the
tibiae ; fore tarsi of male bare

48. dux n. sp.

gt> Abdomen bicolored, each segment with crossbands or
marked incisures which may be light or dark, yellowish
or brownish
// Thorax with wide' black stripes

/ Species over 7 mm. in length ; thorax green or greenish

yellow in ground color ; thoracic stripes shining ;

legs yellowish, knees, fore tibiae, and tarsi in part,

blackish; crossvein clouded. .. .49. viridicollis

U Species 5 mm. or less in length

; Thorax reddish with black stripes ; scutellum black,
abdomen yellow and black ; legs and antennae yel-
low ; length 5 mm. ; male 50. j u c u n d u s

ji Thorax yellow with a blackish V-shaped mark on the
dorsuni ; abdomen yellow with black baud on pos-
terior margins of segments 1 and 2 ; fourth and
part of fifth black ; metatarsus 1.25 times as long
as the fore tibia (St Vincent Island)

51. longirnanus

li h Thorax with grayish, brownish or ferruginous stripes
i With an oval lobe or mace shaped prominence on each
abdominal segment; wings with faint cloud on cross-
vein ; length 7.5 mm 52. 1 o b i f e r u s

196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ii Abdomen not marked in this manner
; Crossvein pale

k Abdomen yellowish green ; black or brown mark-
ings in front of the incisures

I Thorax pale greenish, the dilated lines yellowish
testaceous with a " longitudinal narrow line
very distinct and fuscous on the anterior
dilated line ;" length 7.5 inm. (= 1 i n e o 1 a

Wied.) (Illinois) 37. lineatus

II Without fuscous line on the anterior dilated line
m Ground color of thorax pale greenish (when
recent) ; abdomen pale greenish, the seg-
ments distinctly tipped with blackish above ;
length 6.5 to 9 mm. (This may be a syno-
nym of tendens) 53. festivus

mm Ground color of thorax yellowish

n Length 6.5 to 7.5 mm. Abdominal segments
slightly darker on apical margin

36. tendens
nn Length 5mm. or less

o Thoracic stripes brownish ; fore metatar-
sus about one fourth longer than its

tibia 51. longimanus

oo Dark yellow species ; abdomen yellow with
ferruginous transverse bands on the seg-
ments ; fore metatarsus one eighth longer
than tibia ; male

44. f u 1 v i v e n t r i s n. sp.
kk Abdomen not marked thus ; species 5 mm. or less

in length

I Thorax yellow, not striped ; abdomen yellow ;
fore metatarsus one fourth longer than its
tibia; length 2 to 2.5mm.; male (St Vincent

Island) 54. willistoni nom. nov.

II Thorax striped

m Abdomen yellow with ferruginous transverse
bands on the segments ; fore metatarsus
about one eighth longer than its tibia; legs
yellowish ; male

44. f u 1 v i v e n t r i s n. ep.
nun Abdomen more or less brown or dusky

n Abdomen black with the first segment and
the distal part of the next 2 or 3 yellow-
ish ; fore metatarsus twice as long as its
tibia ; length 4 to 5 mm. ; male (St Vincent

Island) 55. anonymus

nn Abdomen not marked in this manner

o Abdomen black with segments 7 and 8 yel-
low ; the fore metatarsus about one third
longer than its tibia (St Vincent Island)

56. innocuus

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 197

oo Abdomen brown, posterior margins of
anterior segments widely yellowish, with
cinereous bloom ; crossvein indistinctly
clouded ; fore metatarsus over two
thirds longer than its tibia ; length 3 to
4 mm. (Illinois and New York)

57. s i m i 1 i s n. sp.
jj Crossvein clouded with brown

k Brownish species with strongly defined wing veins ;

length 6 mm 58. r e d e u n s

kk Not such species

I Fore tibiae blackish ; in mature specimens the
dorsal stripes and metanotum black ; fore meta-
tarsus 1.5 times longer than its tibia ; length

7 to 9mm 49. viridicollis

II Fore tibiae pale

m Large species 10 or 12 mm. in length ; fore
metatarsus 1.25 times the length of its tibia ;
male fore tarsi long haired
n With dusky thoracic stripes

59. p 1 u m o s u s
nn With reddish thoracic stripes

59a. ferrugineovittatua
mm Smaller species

n Dorsum of thorax whitish or pale cinereous

or greenish, with reddish stripes
o Fore metatarsus over 1.33 times its tibia

in length ; male fore tarsi bare
p Metanotum reddish or brownish, fore
metatarsus 1.6 times its tibia ; length

5 to 7 mm GO. decorus

pp Metanotum blackish ; fore metatarsus
less than 1.5 times its tibia in length

60a. d o r s a 1 i s

oo Fore metatarsus about 1.2 times its tibia
in length ; male fore tarsi hairy ; abdom-
inal fasciae reddish, incisures whitish ;
length 7.5 mm. 61. stigmaterus
nn Dorsum of thorax with brown or cinereous

stripes

o Length 3 or 4 mm. ; fore metatarsus about
two thirds longer than its tibia

57. s i m i 1 i s
oo Larger species

p Fore tarsi of male bare

q Male claspers slender ; fore metatar-
sus about 1.5 times its tibia in
length ; dorsum of thorax yellow
with brownish gray stripes ; head
blackish ; length 8 mm.

62. cristatus

198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

qq Male claspers stout ; abdomen gray,
segments with pale margins

62a. t e n t a n s

pp Male fore tarsi with long hairs ; fore
metatarsus about one fourth longer
than its tibia ; abdomen with a tinge
of green. (=intermedius)

63. prasinus

Auxiliary key to species of Chironomus (sens, lat.)

This key contains those species of the group Chironomus, the
descriptions of which are too brief or imperfect to permit of a place in the
foregoing or in the keys which are to follow. With but three exceptions
the species contained in it were described by Francis Walker :

a Abdomen dark. Species with brown, gray or black thorax, usually not

striped
6 Hairy black species, 7.5mm. long; wings white with fuscous costa;

halteres a dirty ochre ; Arctic species 64. polaris Kirby

6B Not as above

c With dark halteres

d Species 5mm. or more in length; legs dull yellow; hairy; fore

feet very long 65. attenuatus

dd Less than 2 mm. in length

G Length 2 mm. ; chest thick ; wings white ; bare ; male

66. crassicollis

ce Length 1 mm. ; wings hyaline ; hairy? 67. fimbriatus

cc With pale nalteres

d Tibiae and tarsi with black articulations ; black species ; 4.5 mm.
long ; abdomen yellow at base ; wing with cross band ; bare

68. n i g r i t i b i a
dd Not as above

e Gray species ; abdomen black with white rings ; length 6 mm. ;

Arctic species 69. b o r e a 1 i s Curt.

ee Brown species

f Species 6 mm. long. Thorax reddish striped, pleura whitish ;
abdomen dark brown, incisures paler ; wings whitish, bare ;

male 70. a 1 b i s t r i n

ff Species less than 4 mm. in length

g Length 3.5 mm. Thorax brown, gray-striped ; halteres yel-.

low; wings hairy? male 71. brunneus

gg Length 1 mm. Thorax brown ; halteres pale brown ; wings

hairy? 67. fimbriatus

na Abdomen usually pale; species with green, pale red or yellow thorax;

striped, excepting in a few of the palest
b Abdomen dark brown, or if not, then with black markings or margins

on the anterior segments

c Posterior margin of segments black ; thorax with broad black
stripes ; scutellum black : length 5 mm. ; male. . . .50. j u c u n d u s

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 199

cc Abdomen brown with paler margins

d With metathorax black, femora yellow, tarsi dark, wings with the

usual spot ; hairy? Length 5 mm. ; male 72. 1 a s i o p u s

dd Not as above

e Thorax reddish, striped, with two white side stripes ; pleura
hoary ; scutellum pale red ; legs pale tawny ; tips of thighs,
shanks, and feet darker ; wings bare. Length G mm.

70. albistrin
ee Thorax testaceous with three brown stripes ; pleura pale with

dusky spots ; abdomen with spots on sides of last two seg-
ments; middle and hind tibiae dusky; wings unspotted (see

Orthocladius) oceanicus Packard

bb Abdomen, basal half at least, yellow or green, no black markings on

anterior segments
c Wings with a brown cross band ; body straw-colored ; length 3 mm. ;

male (habitat unknown) 73. h i 1 a r i s

cc Wings without band

d With brownish or reddish abdomen and thorax
e Fuscous species 3.5 mm. long; male; wings hairy?

71. brunneus
ee Abdomen brown with broad, dingy, yellow bands on posterior

part of the segments ; metathorax black ; wings with stigma ;

hairy ? Length 5 mm 72. lasiopus

dd With yellow or greenish thorax and abdomen
e Species 5 mm. or more in length

/ Large species 9 mm. in length, with green thorax ; abdomen
yellow ; wings white ; hairy? (See the genus E u r y c n e -

mus) lasiomerus

ff Species 5 to 6 mm. in length

g Saffron or pale orange-colored species ; legs pale yellow ;
wings hyaline, fringed, hairy? Female. (See the genus

Eurycuemus) unicolor

gg Thorax silky white with three tawny stripes ; abdomen
yellow, last two segments dull ; legs yellow, a tawny
band around each thigh ; wings hairy?. . . .74. a n t i c u s
ee Species 2.5 mm. or less in length

f General color citron yellow ; the thoracic stripes each with a
black dot at tip; wing bare? Length 2.25 mm.

75. b i m a c u 1 a
ff Without black dot at tip of each thoracic stripe

g Thorax pale yellowish green, with three dull red stripes;
metathorax brown ; length 2 mm. ; male and female ;

wings hairy ? 76. c o n f i n i s

gg General color yellowish green

h Length 1.5 mm. ; antennae pale brown ; wings deeply

fringed ; hairy? 77. p e 1 1 u c i d u s

hh Length 2 mm. ; antennae yellow ; male; wings hairy?

78. t r i c h o in e r u s

200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1. Chironomus brachialis Coquillett.

I'.M.H Chironomus Coquillett Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 23:607
1902 Chironomus ?atrimanus Coq. Proc. Nat. Mus. 25 : 94

Male. Head black, the face brownish yellow, mouth parts
bi'OAvn, first joint of antennae black, the others yellow, hairs of
antennae pale yellow, changing into white at their apices ; thorax
and scutellnm black, polished ; abdomen yellow, middle of dorsum
of second segment prolonged to the lateral margin at the hind
end, on the front end extending entirely around the segment,
narrow bases of the three succeeding segments and whole of the
following ones, including the genitalia, brown ; legs yellow, apex
of front femora, front tibiae and their tarsi except the basal two
thirds of first joint, knees of other legs, apices of their tibiae,
sutures of first three tarsal joints and whole of the two following
brown, front tarsi fringed with rather long hairs on outer side of
second and third joints; wings bare, basal portion hyaline and
with yellow veins, the remainder grayish hyaline and with brown-
ish veins, an indistinct darker brown spot on the small crossvein ;
halteres yellow. Length 5 mm.

Female. As in the male except that the first antennal joint is
yellow, broad humeral region tinged with yellow, second and three
following abdominal segments largely brownish (front tarsi want-
ing), wings with a broad brown cross band which in its outer
portion includes the small crossvein. Habitat Westville, N. J.

A male specimen from Ithaca, N. Y., agrees with the above
description excepting that the anteuual hairs are wholly yellow.
In this specimen the thorax when viewed obliquely is faintly pol-
linose; the last three albdoimnal segments are flattened; the geni-
talia rather short ; the fore metatarsus is about one fourth longer
than its tibia ; and the venation as shown on pl.28, fig.l.

2. Chironomus atrimaims Coquillett

1902 Chironomus Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 94
This may possibly be identical with the preceding.

Female. Head yellowish brown, antennae yellow, the last joint
and the mouth parts brown ; thorax and scutellum black, highly
polished; abdomen somewhat polished, black, the first segment
yellow, hind margins of three to six yellowish ; legs yellow, front
tibiae and their tarsi black, apices of femora, both ends of middle
and hind tibiae, apices of joints of their tarsi and whole of the last
two joints blackish, front tibiae four fifths as long as the first
joint of their tarsi ; wings strongly tinged with yellow on the basal
third, followed by a wide brown baud extending from costa to fifth

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 201

vein (cubitus) remainder of wing hyaline; halteres yellow; length
4.5 mm. Kansas City, Missouri.

3. Chironomus varipennis Coquillett
1902 Chironomus Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25 :94

Male. Head and body dark brown, a large dull yellowish hu-
meral spot, antennae except the first joint yellow, the hairs gray;
thorax opaque, largely gray pruinose, narrow hind margins of
abdominal segments gray pruinose; femora brown, the ends nar-
rowly and a band before the apex of. each, yellow ; front tibiae
very short, yellow, the bases brown, other tibiae brown, an indis-
tinct yellowish ring beyond the base; front tarsi wanting, the
others yellow: wings whitish, marked with 11 brown spots as
follows: Three in a row behind the fifth vein (cubitus), one before
middle and another in middle of apical margin of third posterior
cell (cell riij) one in base of first posterior (cell R4+5), another
in the cell below it, and a third midway between the latter and the
base of tiiis cell, one in middle and another in apex of first pos-
terior cell (cell Ki-f-,), also a small one in apex of second posterior
cell (cell M) ; halteres whitish; length, 3 mm. Las Vegas, Hot
Springs, N. M.

4. Chironomus octopunctatus Loew

1861 Chironomus Loew. Wiener Ent. Monatschr. 5 : 33
1878 Chironomus O. S. Caf 1. N. A. Dipt, p.21

Male and female. Pallidly yellow, the tips of femora and tibiae
black, wings with four blackish spots. Length 1.2 mm., wing
1.3 mm.

Very pale yellow, legs whitish; posterior part of the thorax
shining white and on each side with a darker line. The abdomen
fuscous with posterior margin of each segment pale yellow. The
tips of the femora rather widely, and of the tibiae rather narrowly,
black. Anterior tarsi six times longer than the tibiae. Wings
whitish, veins pale yellow; each wing with four blackish spots,
in certain lights iridescent; the first is at the anterior fork, the
second is between that and the tip of the wing; the other two are
at the posterior margin ; one of them, composed of two contiguous
spots, is situated where the second branch of the cubitus enters
the wing margin, the second one midway between this and the
base of the wing. Cuba. Translation. Loew, loc. cit.

5. Chironomus scalaemis Schrank

1803 Tipula Schrank. Fauna Boica. 3:73,2324
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 54
1850 Chironomus Zetterstedt. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3501
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 600
1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 1 : 266

202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Head dark brown; the palpi lighter, the antennae yellowish,
the antennal hairs of the male pale brown. Thorax and abdo-
men blackish brown, the thorax sometimes a little lighter with
indistinct stripes; the next to the last abdominal segment of the
male is broad, the last much smaller; the claspers yellowish, fili-
form, quite long; the hairs of the abdomen pale yellow. Legs
pale yellow ; the extreme tip of each tibia with a brown spot ; the
fore metatarsus is fully twrice as long as its tibia; the fore tarsi
of the male slightly hairy, yet not bearded. Halteres pale yellow.
Wings with a whitish tint and three gray spots which are par-
ticularly distinct in the female; one in the anal cell, another in
the fork of the cubitus and the last distad of the crossvein.
Length 2 to 2.9 mm. Translation. V. d. Wulp. loc. cit.

This fly has been recorded from New Hampshire. About a dozen
specimens, male and female, from Ithaca, N. Y. and Washington
State agree with the above description excepting in the following
particulars: The space separating the two larger spots upon the
wing is filled by a very faint cloudiness ; the thorax and abdomen
are rather brownish in color, the segments of the latter with indis-
tinct paler posterior margins, in some specimens the bases of the
femora and the tarsi are slightly infuscated and the fore meta-
tarsus is If instead of twice as long as its tibia. The length also
ranged from 1.5 to 2 mm. instead of from 2 to 3 mm. (pl.28, fig.2).
As I had no European specimens for comparison I hesitated to
pronounce my specimens as distinct species.

6. Chironomus spilopterus Williston

1896 Chironomus Williston. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 273

(Pl.28, flg.3)

Male and female. Face and front yellowish brown. Basal joint
of antennae brownish-yellow; flagellum brownish, the plumosity
of the male antennae blackish gray. Mesonottum brown or yellow-
ish brown, lightly white dusted; in Avell preserved specimens
brown vittate on the sides, and in front in the middle. Pleura
black, in part luteous. Scutellum yellow or yellowish brown.
Abdomen black, with yellowish hair; in the male, slender; in the
female, broader, and with whitish posterior margins to the
segments. Legs yellow, with rather abundant yellow hair; femora
in part brown or brownish; front tibiae not more than one half
of the length of the front metatarsi. Wings whitish hyaline, with
pale blackish spots, which are more distinct when seen obliquely,
and situated as follows : One near the base, another near the mid-
dle, and a third near or at the tip of the first posterior cell

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 203

(cell R4-te) ; a streak near the middle, and a spot near the tip of
the cell in front of the forked cell ; a spot on the posterior branch
of the furcation, and one or two in the anal angle. Length 1.75
to 2.25 mm. St Vincent Island.

7. Chironomus fascipennis Zetterstedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 813, 21

1850 Chironomus Zett Dipt Scand. 9 : 3505
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austv. 2 : 599

Male. Wholly pale yellow, not shining; the antennae testace-
ous, somewhat infuscated, the first joint yellow, the hairs sordidly
yellow. The eyes black. The palpi fuscous. The thorax with
three yellow stripes; the wings hyaline, with two moderately
wide fuscous cross bands, one at the middle of the wing, rather
faint, the other a little more distinct at the tip ; besides this there
is a fuscous spot at the base. Halteres white. The legs pale,
somewhat pilose, middle and hind tibae with black tips. Anterior
tarsi bare. Length 3.5 mm. New Jersey (Johnson) .

8. Chironomus taeniapennis Coquillett

1901 Chironomus Coquillett Proc. U. S. Nat Mus. 23:607

1902 Chironomus ?pulchripennis Coquillett. Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus. 25:94

Female. Yellow, tinged in places with green, especially on the
abdomen, mouth parts, apical half of the femora, bases of front
and middle tibiae and nearly the whole of the hind ones brown,
metanotum marked with a transverse pair of triangular brown
spots; wings whitish, the costal cell from the humeral crossvein
to apex of auxiliary vein (Sc), a cross band extending from the
latter point to hind margin of wing where it is greatly dilated,
finally the apical fourth of wing, black. Length 4 mm. Massa-
chusetts, New Jersey. Coquillett, loc. cit. Illinois, New York.
South Dakota, Pennsylvania.

Upon a comparison of the above description with that of
pulchripennis it will be seen that they greatly resemble
each other. The examination of a series of Ithaca specimens
shows considerable variation in the extent of the dark coloring.
To the description I may add that the male does not differ from
the female except that the flagella of the antennae are brownish ;
the genitalia yellow, the lateral arms long, the keel slender,
curved, and not much enlarged. In the living specimen the gen-
eral color is quite green, but upon drying some specimens become
almost yellow. The abdominal markings are variable; in some

204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the last four segments have upon them irregular blotches of
brown or black. The posterior end of the lateral thoracic stripes
range from a pale yellow in some specimens to a dark brown in
others; depending, perhaps, upon their maturity. The amount
of black upon the legs is also variable; in an extreme case all
the tibiae and the femora except the immediate bases of the latter
are black. The fore metatarsus is about one fourth longer than
its tibia. Described from numerous specimens (pl.2S, fig.4). I
have a purchased specimen,, collector unknown, bearing the label,
C. fascipennis Zett., Riverton, N. J., which is not the latter
species but is C. taeniapennis.

9. Chironomus pulchripennis Coquillett
1902 Chironomus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat Mus. 25 : 94

This seems to be a synonym ofC. taeniapeunis Coq.

Female. Head and antennae yellow, apical half of last joint
of the latter and the mouth parts brown ; thorax opaque, greenish
yellow, mesonotum marked with a pair of lateral brown vittae
behind its middle, metanotum with a pair of brown spots which
approach each other posteriorly; scutellum and abdomen green,
the latter with the hind margins of the segments yellowish, bases
of segments six to eight and nearly the whole of the following
two brown ; legs whitish, the knees black, this color extending
nearly to the middle of the middle and hind femora, front tibiae
t as long as the first joint of their tarsi ; wings whitish, the
costal cell except its apex brown, a broad brown band crosses the
wing, passing over the bases of the first and third posterior cells
(cells R4-..5 and CuJ and prolonged along the hind margin nearly
to the anal angle, apex of wings broadly brown from the third
vein (Rt-jna) to the upper branch of the fifth (cubitus) ; halteres
white; length 4 mm. Franconia, N. H. Coquillett, loc. cit.

10. Chironomus brunnipes Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3518,35
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 273

Black, subshining, thorax of the male the same color, thorax
of the female yellow with three black stripes ; the antennae and
the legs brown; the wings white; the anterior tarsi of the male
bare; the metatarsus is a little longer than the tibia; caudal
appendages small, short subfiliform. Length 2.7 mm.

Male. Brownish black. Antennae with brown plumosity.
Abdomen very narrow, linear, hairy. Caudal appendages short
subfiliform, dusky. Wings white, crossvein not clouded; halteres
white. Legs brown, tarsi paler, the fore metatarsus is about 1.5

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 205

times as long as the tibia, but is twice as long as the second tarsal
joint; the remaining joints gradually1 decreasing in length; legs
slender and bare.

Female. Dorsum of thorax yellow with three black stripes.
Abdomen rather stout, pubescent. In other respects like the male.
Translation. ? Greenland. (Lundbeck.)

11. Chirononms bruimeipeimis n. sp.

Resembles albimanus Meigen but differs in being slightly
larger, in having the knob of the halteres fuscous, and in having
the fore metatarsus nearly twice as long as its tibia.

Female. 'Shining black; legs partly brown. Length 3.5 mm.
Head black, proboscis, palpi and antennae fuscous. Thorax in-
cluding scutellum, metanotum, pleura and pectus shining black;
humeri fuscous. Abdomen black, subopaque. Legs brownish;
coxae yellowish, femora, brown, fore pair yellowish on basal half;
tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi 'brown excepting basal half or two
thirds of the metatarsi which are yellowish or brownish yellow.
Wings hyaline, very slightly smoky; anterior veins and the cross-
vein brown, posterior veins yellow. Halteres fuscous, stem yel-
lowish. Ithaca, N. Y.

12. Chironomus caliginosus n. sp.
(P1.22, fig.5)

Female. Fuscous; legs partly brown; wings smoky. Length
6 mm.

Head, including palpi and proboscis fuscous. Antennae ferru-
ginous, the basal joint and the incisures yellow, apical joint
darker. Dorsum of thorn x yellow, gray pollinose with three dull
black stripes; pleura, sternum, metanotum, and scutellum fuscous.
Abdomen fuscous with yellow hairs; posterior margin of segments
very slightly grayish; when viewed obliquely from behind the
apical half of each segment appears gray pollinose. Fore coxae
pale brown, the others fuscous; femora brown; fore femora with
basal two thirds and middle femora with basal one half yellow;
all tibiae brown ; tarsi yellow, tips of the joints brown ; fore meta-
tarsus 1.5 times as long as its tibia. Wings smoky, especially
along the course of the veins; veins reddish brown including
crossvein. Halteres white, with end of knob brown. Two speci-
mens. Ithaca, N. Y.

13. Chironomus niveipennis Fabricius

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. 42, 21

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschreib. 1:51, 73

1850 Chironomus Zett Dipt Scand. 9 : 3566, 92

206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 598

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt Neerl. 269, 40

1895 Chironomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 320

1838 Chironomus obscurus Zett. Ins. Lappon. 815, 31

1830 Chironomus pilicornis Meigen. (nee. Fabr.). Syst Beschr.

6:254
1838 Chironomus rudis Zett. Ins. Lappon. 809, 3

Larva and pupa. Miall and Hammond (1900) state that the
larva inhabits a tube and that it possesses red blood. There are
no ventral blood gills. The pupa has a tail flu composed of thirty
or forty long setae, and the abdominal segments are laterally ex-
panded. On the second abdominal segment are paired postero-
lateral transparent appendages of small size, enclosing blood
spaces. There are two conical prominences, each bearing a long
seta, on the vertex of the head. The tracheal gill divides into
three primar}- branches as usual. The secondary branches are
comparatively few; each encloses a number of tracheae which
pass to the ultimate branches.

Imago, male. Black; dorsum of the thorax dark gray, with
three black longitudinal stripes, scutellum sometimes brown; ab-
domen black, at the incisures a little more gray, the last few
segments somewhat wider and flattened (as with the males gen-
erally), hairs dark, the forceps short and black, the arms slender.
Head, antennae and palpi black. Legs black, the tibiae and the
tarsi often brownish, the fore tarsi of the male densely bearded
with brown hairs; the metatarsus a little longer than the tibia.
Wings whitish, the anterior veins more distinct, the crossvein
black. Halteres dark. The female does not have the bearded fore
tarsi and her halteres are often sordidly white. Length 6 to 7
mm. Schiner, loc. cit.

Florida (Johnson). Some specimens from South Dakota which
T identify as this species have both anterior and posterior margin
of each abdominal segment grayish, the posterior most distinct;
the fore tarsi of the male long but rather sparsely haired, and the
fore metatarsus about one-eighth longer than its tibia; the second,
third, fourth and fifth fore tarsal joints gradually decreasing in
length.

14. Chironomus hyperboreus Staeger

1845 Chironomus Staeger. Krojer : Naturh. Tidsskr. n. s. 1 :349

1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat'l. N. A. Dipt 20
1898 Chironomus Lundbeck. Videnskab. Meddel. 272, 49

1865 Chironomus polaris Bohem. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh.

574, 18

Blackish, thorax grayish, with three black stripes, abdomen
black, with narrow whitish fasciae, wings white with a black spot.
Length 7 to 8 mm.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 207

Male. Legs black, the anterior tarsi densely bearded.

Female. Legs fuscous-brown, fore femora testaceous at the base.

" The plumes of the male antennae are black, the abdomen is
black, that of the female nearly coal-black, with narrow, sharply
marked whitish posterior margins of the segments. The legs are
black, those of the female more brownish, the fore femora with a
somewhat yellowish base. . . . The fourth tarsal joint of the
fore legs is about three quarters the length of the third. The
male fore tarsi are densely bearded." Greenland. Staeger,
loc. cit.

The male specimens with bare fore tarsi described by Staeger
(loc. cit.) as varieties from Greenland, have been separated by
Lundbeck (1898) as a distinct species under the name of C.
s t a ege r i (q. v.)

15. CMronomus staegeri Lundbeck

1898 Chironoinus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 271, 48
1838 Cliironomus annular is Zett. Ins. Lappon. 809, 2
1845 Chironomus hyperboreus Staeger. Krojer : Natur. Tidsskr.
n. s. 1:349

1869 Chironomus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet Ak. Handl. 8 :46

This name was given by Lundbeck to those specimens which
Staeger (loc. cit.) considered a variety of C. hyperboreus
differing from the type in having the anterior tarsi of the male
bare.

Male. Antennae nearly as long as the thorax, fuscous black,
densely plumose, palpi black. Thorax black, scarcely shining,
cinereous puinose; the mesothorax with short hairs, the usual
three stripes more or less distinct; the scutelluni elevated, bristly.
The abdomen fuscous black, pale haired, the apical margin of each
segment hoary or cinereous, the caudal appendages narrow and
bristly. The wings narrow, cinereous, whitish or lightly smoky
tinted, toward the costal margin a little darker; anterior veins
strong and dark, the others pale and translucent ; the radial veins
straight, toward the tip nearly parallel with the media; the sub-
costal vein slightly curved, the peduncle of the cubitus extends
but very little distad of the tip of the basal cell, the branches
slightly < nrved. Halteres dirty white, the tip of the knob and
the base of the peduncle often darker. Legs fuscous black, the
middle and hind pairs rather long-haired, the fore tibiae and
tarsi thinly and shortly haired, fore metatarsus one fourth longer
than its tibia.

208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Female. Similar to the male but the dorsal thoracic stripes are
more distinct, apical margins of abdominal segments more widely
cinereous or sometimes pale gray; the radial veins lightly curved
at the tip; the legs sometimes dilutely black fuscous, sometimes
paler. Length 6.5 to 7.5 mm. Greenland. Holmgren (loc. cit).

16. Chironomus flavicingula Walker

1848 Cuironoiiius Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 20
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Catal. Dipt. N. A. p.20

(P1.28, fig. 6, and pl.32, fig.7)

The blood-red larvae of about 12 mm. length were dredged from
the sand in the bottom of a shallow pond near Ithaca N. Y.

Larva. (P1.21, figs. 13 to 19.) Head dark brown; antennae
short; labrum with about ten pairs of pale setae, two or three
pairs of which are quite short (flg.15, under surface fig-14) ; at
extreme apex with a pair of fan-like appendages (f), which hang
downwards, though shown in the figure folded out in a hori-
zontal plane; caudad of this there is a comb with long, fine,
caudad projecting teeth. The epipharynx (fig.13) with three
cephalad projecting fan-like organs (f1) forming the "posterior
comb," five or six lateral setae (s), several pairs of ventrad pro-
jecting curved and branched setae (s) ; caudad of these is an
arched chitinized piece (fig.l-lb) ; laterad of this are the dark
brown, chitiuized, caudad and veutrad curved lateral arms not
shown in the figure. The black tipped mandibles are as usual,
with the mesad projecting branched hairs, and two laterad pro-
jecting setae; each maxilla (fig.lOmx) has prominent palpus, a
large seta and numerous papillae on the mesal margin, a pair of
large setae at the base of the palpus, another pair (not shown in
figure) at base of the mandible. The hypopharynx (fig.lOhy) has
a rounded apical margin with numerous short hairs and papillae.
The labium (fig.lS and fig.19 1) has a broad, blunt, central tooth
and six small laterals on each side. There are two long setae
ii|:on each side of the head below the eyes. The fore feet are
short, with very numerous, short, curved, yellow setae. The
body seems to be entirely devoid of hairs. Each posterior foot
is provided with a number of bilobed brown claws. The dorso-
caudal papillae of the last segment are about as long as wide,
with 6 or 7 long setae at the tip, and one or two short ones on
the side; caudad of these and immediately above the upper pair
of blood gills are two more long setae. The blood gills of the
eleventh segment are present; those of the twelfth are nearly as
long as the posterior feet; slightly conical and four in number.

Pupae. The pupa is dusky in color when nearly mature, show-
ing the colors of the imago. The respiratory filaments are white,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 209

conspicuous in the living specimen and much branched, the setae
markings upon the dorsum of each abdominal segment as is
shown in fig.16; the seventh and eighth segments are entirely
without, and the sixth usually has but few, setae. The posterior
margin of the second has the usual black longitudinally ridged
fascia. The lateral 'fin of the eighth segment, together with the
terminal spur, are shown in fig.17. The caudal paddle is fringed
with -long, pale, delicate, matted hairs.

Imago, male. Body gray, with two large white spots on each
side of the chest; abdomen fringed with hairs on each side, and
having a white silvery band on the hind border of each segment;
feelers black; legs black, hairy, a yellow ring near the tip of each
thigh, and two yellow rings round each shank; feet dull }<ellow
Inwards the base; wings colorless, with the usual dark spot on
each; veins pale brown; poisers gray. Length of body 5.5 mm.,
of the wings, 10 mm. St Martin's falls, Albany river, Hudson
bay. Walker, loc. cit.

At the head of the division to which this species belongs,
Walker states that the wings are hairy. This, however, is evi-
dently an error. To the above description the following may be
added.

Male. Head and occiput black, proboscis and palpi dull black,
the former with dark brown hairs. Antennae brownish yellow,
the large basal joint black, the hairs dark brown. Thorax wholly
black, the dorsum and the scutellum with cinereous bloom, the
former with three cinereous stripes, the middle one divided by a
fine black line, the hairs pale brown. Abdomen velvet black, the
posterior margin of each segment dorsally with a moderately
wide white fascia extending to lateral margins. When viewed
from behind, the last three or four segments appear to me mot-
tled with cinereous, leaving a black median line on the fifth and
sixth segments. Venter dull black; genitalia brownish yellow,
moderately long (pl.32, fig.7). Abdomen sparsely covered with
long, nearly erect, yellowish hairs. Coxae brownish black,
moderately shining; femora brown, excepting the yellow basal
articulation and a yellow subapical ring; tibiae cream white, with
brown base and tip; the brown of the front pair quite pale, the
hind pair having in addition a median ring which is sometimes
indistinct. In some specimens the basal half of fore tibiae is also
brown. Tarsi cream white, the tips of all joints and the whole
of the fifth brown, the brown of the fore pair being quite pale.
The anterior tarsi are delicately bearded. The anterior meta-
tarsus about one fifth longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, cross-
vein dark brown; venation as figured. Halteres brownish yellow
with apical half of the knob dark brown.

210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Female. Like the male, excepting in the following particulars:
Tips of antennal joints reddish brown, the hairs pale; thorax
with a little more cinereous coloring, the hairs upon the abdomen
a little shorter; fore tarsi bare. Described from a number of
specimens. Ithaca, N. Y., Kansas.

17. Chironomus halteralis Coquillett

1901 Chironomus Coq. Ent. News. p. 17

(P1.2S, flg.7)

Head black, palpi and antennae yellowish brown, plumosity
of male antennae dark gray; thorax dark brown, the anterior end
tinged with yellow, a pair of broad, gray pruinose vittae on the
posterior half of the mesonotum, the hairs light yellow; scutellum
dark yellow ; abdomen black, slightly polished, thinly covered \vith
rather long yellow hairs; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, bases
of femora slightly tinged with brown; front tarsi slender, almost
as long as the body, destitute of hairs, the first joint about twice
as long as the front tibia; middle and hind tibiae and their tarsi
in the male, thickly covered with rather long yellow hairs, much
sparser in the female; halteres pale yellow, the knobs black; wings
bare, hyaline, the apical half slightly darker, veins in the basal
half yellow, in the apical half more brow^nish ; length 2 to 3 mm.
Washington, D. C. Coquillett loc. cit.

A number of specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., agree with this
description.

18. Chironomus nitidellus Coquillett
1901 Chironomus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23 :608

Male. Head black, mouth parts yellow, antennae, except the
basal joint, yellow, the hairs whitish ; body black, polished, the
first two abdominal segments and the claspers yellow; legs yellow,
the femora except their bases, front tibiae wholly, and apices of
hind ones brown, front tarsi bare; wings bare, whitish hyaline,
the veins brown, halteres yellow; length, 2.5 mm. Kiverton, N. J.
Coquillett loc. cit.

19. Chironomus fallax n.sp.
(P1.28, fig.S)

Female. Black ; first abdominal segment yellow or greenish ;
legs partly black. Length, 3.5 mm.

Head, including proboscis, palpi and antennae yellowish, the
basal joint of the latter somewhat brownish. Thorax cinereous
black, with three broad shining black stripes, more distinct when
viewed obliquely. Pectus, pleura, and scutellum brown, the

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 211

last sometimes paler. Abdomen fuscous, the first segment
yellowish-green, in living specimens bright green; the remaining
segments more or less distinctly marked with sordidly yellow
hind margins; hairs pale brown or yellowish. Fore coxae brown,
middle and hind pairs yellow. Legs cream white, the fore femora
excepting their bases and tips dark brown; tips of middle and
hind tibiae each with minute black comb; pulvilli present, em-
podium pectinate. Fore metatarsus about 1.4 times as long as
its tibia. Wings hyaline with a milky tinge; veins slightly yel-
lowish; venation as shown in figure; halteres yellowish. Ithaca,
N. Y.

20. Chironomus riparius Meigen

1804 Chironoiuus Meigen. Klass. 1 : 16, 3

1818 Chirouornus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 23, 6

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3489, 7

1864 Chirouoruus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 603

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.253, 8

1895 Chirouomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 320

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.272, 50

1826 Chironomus annularis Macq. Recueil Soc. Sc. Agri. Lille.

p.194, 2

1826 Chironomus viridipes Macq. Recueil Soc. Agri. Lille.

195, 4

1838 Chironomus zonulus Zett. Ins. Lappou. p.810, 7

(P1.28, fig.9)

Male and female. Dorsum of the thorax, especially in front of
the scutellum, light gray, with three black longitudinal stripes,
the median one divided by a fine line, abbreviated posteriorly
though continued to the scutellum by a black line; the lateral
stripes abbreviated anteriorly ; scutellum gray or grayish yellow ;
the metanotum gray. Abdomen black, the posterior margins of
the segments sometimes with wide, sometimes more narrow whit-
ish bands; the posterior segments gray; forceps small. The
antennae brown, the hairs of the same color ; the palpi darkened.
Legs brownish, yellow or pale yellow, the femora sometimes with
a greenish tinge, the articulations dusky; the fore tarsi of the
male not hairy; the metatarsus 1.5 times longer than the tibia;
the second tarsal joint one half as long as the metatarsus but
longer than the third; third and fourth about equal in length.
Wings whitish, with a small brown spot. Halteres yellowish.
The antennae of the female are yellow at the base. Some speci-
mens have the humeri yellowish or greenish, but these may be
distinguished from nearly related forms by their slender fore
tarsi. Length 6.75 to 9 mm. -Translation in part from Schiner,
loc. cit.

212 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

According to V. d. Wulp, loc. cit., and Weyenbergh (1874) the
larvae are transparent and pale green; some larvae from, which
I bred this species resemble C . d e c o r u s u. sp. in the form of
the labimn as well as in other details. Ithaca, N. Y. ; Idaho;
Washington State; Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Minnesota;
New Jersey; Douglas, Alaska.

21. Chironomus barbipes Staeger

1839 Chironomus Staeger. Krojer : Naturh. Tidsskr. 2 :561, 5

1850 Chironomus Zett Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3486, 5

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 601

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.252, 6

(P1.28, fig.10)

Male. Hairy, blackish species with hyaline wings having the
anterior veins somewhat reddish; halteres sordidly yellow, the
extreme tips a. little darker; the second joint of the fore tarsus
shorter than the third. Length 8 mm.

Head and basal joint of antenna dull black, the flagellum of the
latter and the palpi fuscous. Antennal hairs dark reddish brown.
Thorax cinereous, with three faintly marked wide cinereous black
stripes; scutellum, pectus, pleura and metanotum cinereous.
Abdomen black, the posterior margins of the segments cinereous,
covered with long brown erect hairs. Geuitalia brown, the
claspers rather short and stout, the dorsal keel of moderate size.
The coxae cinereous; the legs testaceous, the bases of the femora,
the knees, the tips of the tibiae, and the middle and hind tarsi
a little darker, the fore tarsi except basal half of metatarsus
brown and densely bearded with long brown hairs. The fore
femora and tibiae and basal half of metatarsi nearly bare; the
whole of the middle and hind legs quite hairy. Fore metatarsus
about one sixth longer than its tibia; the second tarsal joint
shorter than the third. The wings narrow and long, hyaline with
very slight yellow tinge; the costa, radius, R-M crossvein and the
basal half of the media testaceous, the other veins hyaline; vena-
tion as figured. Halteres yellowish.

Female. Basal half of antennae yellowish, fore tarsi bare.
Readily distinguished from related species by its short second
tarsal joint.

Van der Wulp (1877, p.252), suggests that this may possibly be
a synonym of C. p a 1 1 e n s Meigen.

Two male specimens, Chicago, 111., May, 1899.

22. Chironomus annularis Degeer

1776 T i p n 1 :i Degeer. Mem. pour serv. a 1'hist. d. Ins. 6 : 379, 18
1809 Chironomus Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 4 : 250
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 21, 3

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 213

1850 Chironoruus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3485, 4

1864 Chironoinus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 602

1877 Chirononius V. d. Wulp. Dipt Neerl. p.253, 7

1804 Ghironoruus annulatus Meigen. Klass. 1 : 12, 2

1818 Cbironoruus pallens Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 22, 5

1818 Chironomus tristis Meigen. Syst Beschr. 1 : 48, 62

This species resembles riparius but differs in having the
posterior margins of the abdominal segments grayish, not sharply
separated from, but blended into, the black; and in having the
third and fourth tarsal joints of the fore legs subequal in length.

Male. Head aud antennae blackish, palpi aud pro/boscis fuscous.
Dorsum of the thorax cinereous with three dull, black stripes;
metanotum, pleura, and sternum dull black, slightly pruinose;
scutelluin fuscous. Abdomen fuscous or black, the posterior
margins of the segments grayish, the hairs yellowish, genitalia
small, black. Coxae blackish; legs subfuscous, tarsi slightly
darker. Fore metatarsus about one fifth longer than the tibia,
the third and fourth tarsal joints about equal in length, the fore
tarsi and the middle and hind legs long-haired. The wings
hyaline, the anterior veins dark, particularly the crossveiu. The
venation as figured (pl.28, fig.ll). Halteres whitish. Length
7 to 8 mm.

Female. Like the male but the anterior tarsi are bare, and in
the single specimen the tips of the femora are darkened. Ithaca,
N. Y. A darker variety (var. tristis Meig.) with slightly infus-
cated halteres from Washington State.

I have compared my specimens with specimens from Europe
and can detect no differences.

23. Chironomus dispar Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6 : 247, 85

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3506, 22

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 604

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.257, 13

1838 Chironomus lucid us Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.SlO, 5

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt Scand. 9 : 3509, 25

'Shining black; the abdomen somewhat brownish, with paler
hairs and occasionally reddish yellow lateral spots; the anal
segment narrower and shorter than the preceding segment; the
forceps strong, its arms nearly as long as the last abdominal seg-
ment. Head black, the palpi brown, the antenna together with
its hairs blackish. The legs yellow, the coxae brown ; the tibiae
brown at the tip, fore tarsi delicately ciliate, the metatarsus one
half longer than its tibia. Wings whitish. The crossvein not

214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

darkened. The female has yellow antennae, the abdomen is with
out spots, and the legs are of a more pronounced whitish yellow.
Length, 7 rum. Translation in part from Schiner. New Jersey.
(Johnson.)

24. Chironomus albimanus Meigen

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst Beschr. 1 : 40, 45

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3551, 77

1864 Chironomus Sehiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 604

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.268, 38

1804 Chironomus annularis Meigen. Klass. 1 : 17, 16

Male. Head black, proboscis, palpi and antennae sordidly
yellow, basal joint of the last black; anteuual hairs brownish.
Dorsum of the thorax shining black, sometimes with faint indi-
cations of three fine cinereous lines; scutellum, metanotum,
pleura and pectus shining black. In immature specimens the
thorax is more brownish and the stripes are wider. Abdomen
shining black; the anterior segments fuscous; the hairs and the
genitalia yellowish, the claspers of the latter slender and short;
coxae shining brown or black; legs pale yellowish, apical one
half on two thirds of all the femora, the whole of the fore tibiae
and the extreme tips of the middle and hind ones black or deep
brown; each fore tarsus with its first joint whitish, the others
slightly infuscated ; anterior legs bare; fore metatarsus 1^ times
as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline with a slightly smoky tinge;
veins including crossvein yellowish and distinct; venation as fig-
ured (pl.28, figs. 12, 13). Halteres whitish. Length 4 mm.

Female. Like the male, but the abdomen is nearly wholly shin-
ing black in matured specimens and the veins of the wings seem
a little darker. Length 3 mm. Ithaca, N. Y. The American
agree perfectly with my European specimens.

25. Chironomus tenellus Zetterstedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.812, 15
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3517, 34

(P1.21, figs. 1 to 4)

Larva. The larva is pale red, 4 to 5 mm. in length. Head brown,
about 1,5 times as long as wide, with a few small dorsal setae.
Antenna (fig.4) short, about three fourths as long as the man-
dibles, the basal segment being three fifths of the total length.
The labrum (fig.l ulr.) has upon its lower surface the normal
three pairs of large setae and three pairs of smaller ones. The
epipharynx (fig.l) has the usual lateral arms (la) with the dark
colored extremities, the transverse comb with 5 or 6 blunt, rather
indistinct teeth, and the stout curved pectinate hairs. The man-
dible (fig.l rnd) is stout, with blackened teeth, a longitudinal

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 215

row of hairs on the dorsal side (not shown in the figure) over-
hanging the teeth, a long prominent seta on its lateral surface,
and a few long much branched setae on the dorsal surface of the
niesal margin. The maxilla (fig.lmx) has a short stout palpus,
a few short setae and papillae and a group of delicate mesad pro-
jecting filaments. The labium (fig.l 1) has a black margin, the
middle tooth is rounded, the second laterals are small and closely
united to the first laterals. The anterior and posterior prolegs
are as usual with the species of C h i r o n o m u s , the claws of
the posterior pair are bilobed; caudad of the anal papillae with
their tufts of setae, is a conspicuous pair of spines or bristles.
The papillae mentioned above are somewhat infuscated at the
tij). The anal blood gills are present, though none were discov-
ered on the ventral surface of the eleventh segment.

Pupa. The pupa is brownish, about 4 mm. in length. The two
respiratory organs, each composed of numerous white filaments,
are conspicuous. The abdominal segments have the microscopic
spines covering nearly the whole dorsal surface (fig.3). There
are two patches near the anterior margin of each segment, a
large discal patch of slightly larger spines, and posterior trans-
verse rows of still larger blunt ones. Between these patches and
gradually merging into them are numerous smaller spines. Thus
the entire surface is practically covered with microscopic spines
of varying sizes, the anterior patches more distinctly separated
from the remainder. The lateral fins of the eighth abdominal seg-
ment each has the usual four lateral filaments, and terminates
in a slightly sinuous spur (fig.2). The caudal fin has the usual
fringe of pale matted filaments.

Imago, male and female. Shining black; thorax of the male the
same color, that of the female paler with three brown stripes.
Antennae yellow, the antennal hairs of the male the same color;
palpi yellowish; sternum schistaceous. Abdomen of the male
slender, pilose, black, the first and second segments wholly, and
the posterior margins of the third, fourth and fifth fusrous, the
last three segments, widened and somewhat dilated; genitalia
small, resembling those shown on pl.32, fig.8; the inferior lobes
with curved setae; the superior lobes in this species are much
shorter and without peduncle, pale in color; abdomen of the fe
male stouter, black, paler at the base, pubescent. Wings white,
with pale veins, spotless. Halteres white. Legs with the coxae
pale yellow, or white, spotless, the middle and hind legs pale
haired ; the fore legs bare ; the fore metatarsus over 11/2 times as
long as the tibia, and twice as long as the second tarsal joint.
The thorax of the female is sometimes wholly brown. Length 3.5
mm. Translation in part from Zetterstedt, loc. cit.

216 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

A specimen from New Jersey is doubtfully referred to as this
species by Johnson in Smith's catalogue of the insects of New
Jersey. Several bred specimens from Ithaca, N. Y.

26. Chironomus chloris. Meigen

1818 Chironomus. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 28, 17

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3511, 27

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 604

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.256, 12

Length 5.5 to 7.5 num. Head 'blackish, antennae and palpi dark
brown; antennal hairs in the male broAvn ; paler toward the tip.
Thorax shining, blackish green, with black longitudinal stripes,
the ground color usually so dark that the thorax appears wholly
shining black, as do also the scutelluin, metanotum, pectus and
pleura ; the pectus with light gray pruinose appearance. Abdomen
olive green, black toward the caudal end ; the anal segment of the
male half as long as the preceding segment; the claspers small,
slightly broadened at the middle; the hair of the abdomen gray-
ish ; after death the abdomen usually becomes wholly black. Legs
brownish yellow; the femora,, at least the knees, the tips of
the tibiae and tarsal joints dark brown, the last tarsal joint
wholly darkened; fore metatarsus 1.5 times as long as its tibia;
fore tarsi of the male somewhat hairy but not bearded, the
posterior legs of both sexes delicately ciliate. Halteres pale
yellow, the kno'bs slightly darkened. The Avings when held against
the light appear brownish yellow, when held over a dark surface
they appear whitish ; the veins very pale brown ; crossvein not
darkened. Translation from V. d. Wulp. loc. cit.

The female has a yellow dorsum of thorax with three black
stripes, the scutellimi is yellow, and the abdomen sometimes has
narrow whitish incisures.

According to V. d. Wulp (1868) this European species also
occurs in the United States. Weyeubergh (1874, p. 151) says that
the larva is almost colorless, and is found upon weeds hanging
into the water.

27. Chironomus devinctus Say

1829 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat Sc. Phil. 6 : 150
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2 : 349

1878 Chironomus Ost Sack. Cat'l, Dipt. N. A. p.20

(P1.28, fig.14)

Tergum black, incisures white; feet with black iucisures; body
dusky; stethidium dusky livid; thorax trilineate and blackish;
scutel dull honey yellow, halteres and wings white; tergum brown-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 217

ish black, incisures, particularly those near the base, -\vhite; thighs
black, anterior (fore pair) pale at base; the others with a white
animlus near the tip; tibiae and tarsi white, with black incisures.
Length nearly 5 mm. Inhabits Indiana.

Some Ithaca specimens, both male and female, agreeing with
above description may be more fully characterized as follows : The
entire insect has the appearance of being black, and greatly resem-
bles C. flavicingula Walker, differing in having white
halteres and an unclouded crossvein. The thorax may be described
as being wholly blackish with cinereous lines between the usual
three black dorsal stripes; scutellum pale brownish. The narrow
white posterior margins of the abdominal segments are very dis-
tinct and sharply defined. The fore metatarsus is more than 1 }

times as long as its tibia. My single male specimen has lost its
fore tarsi. The wings are hyaline, all the veins, including the
crossvein, pale. Ithaca, N. Y.

28. Chironomus californicus n. sp.

Male. Head yellowish brown, antennae with the hairs dull
yellowish brown, large basal joint blackish; palpi dusky. Thorax
opaque, bare, cinereous with three dull grayish or blackish dorsal
vittae; burner! more or less yellowish; pleura and pectus gray
or blackish; scutellum yellowish or pale brown; metanotum dull
black. Abdomen linear, slender, gray haired, lusterless black,
apical margin of each segment pale green or yellowish; the last
three segments slightly wider, depressed. The genitalia fuscous,
short and filiform. Wings white, the crossvein not darkened.
The wing surface does not appear uniformly white, but the narrow
space on each side of the veins is less purely white by reflected
light. Halteres white. Legs white; the coxae grayish; the base
and tip of each femur and of each tibia brownish or blackish ; the
tarsal joints somewhat infuscated. The middle and hind legs
pale haired, the fore pair only pubescent; the fore metatarsus
about two thirds longer than its tibia ; the second tarsal joint
about half as long as the metatarsus, the third and fourth but
slightly shorter than the second. This species resembles C.
n i v e i p e s Zett. but differs in the coloring of the legs. Length
5 to 6 mm. Pasadena, California.

29. Chironomus palliatus Coquillett
1902 Ohironomus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:95

Male and female. Head, mouth parts, and first joint of antennae
dark brown, remainder of antennae livid, the hairs gray;' thorax

218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dark brown, mesonotum opaque, a broad, yellowish median vitta
on the anterior half, and a widely separated pair of gray pruinose
vittae on the posterior half; abdomen opaque, velvet-black, its
hairs yellow; legs yellowish white, front and middle femora,
except their apices, also bases of hind femora brownish, middle
tibiae tinged with brown, front tarsi only pubescent, front tibiae
three fourths as long as their first tarsal joint, hind tibiae and
their tarsi in the male densely clothed with rather long hairs;
wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow, small crossvein not
darker than the adjacent veins, third vein (R4-f-3) almost straight;
halteres whitish ; length 2.5 to 4 mm. Washington, D. C. Coquil-
lett, loc. cit.

30. Chironomus pedellus Degeer

1776 Tipula Deg. Mem. pour serv. a 1'hist. d. Ins. 6:378, 17

1818 Chironoruus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:28, 16

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3535, 57

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 606

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.259, 19

1794 Tipula cantans Fabr. Ent. Syst. • 4:247, 67

1804 Chironomus Meigen. Klass. 1 :13, 7

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.45, 34

1803 Tipula littoralis Schrnk. Fauna Boica. 3 : 74, 2325
1880 Chironomus var. atricornis Strobl. Progr. Gymn. Seiten-
stetten. p.53

Male. Dorsum of the thorax shining black; the humeri with
ferruginous or yellowish-green spots, which seem to be the remains
of the original ground color; the scutellum and the metanotum
also black. The abdomen a beautiful, bright green which becomes
paler or more yellowish in dried specimens. The posterior seg-
ments flattened, black, or blackish-brown; the forceps quite small
and slender. Head and palpi brownish ; the antennae brown, its
hairs lighter, the basal joint yellow. Legs pale yellowish, in life
somewhat greenish ; the coxae, the fore knees broadly, the middle
and hind knees narrowly brown banded, the tips of the tibiae and
the tips of the tarsal joints broAvnish; the femora and the tibiae
of the fore legs of equal length ; the fore metatarsus about one
fourth longer than its tibiae, and not bearded. Wings whitish,
with pale veins; venation as shown on pl.28, fig.16; the halteres
pale.

Female. The female has yellow antennae with only black tips;
and the humeral spots are more spread out, appearing to crowd
the black dorsal patch into longitudinal stripes. Length 5.5 to
6 mm. Wisconsin (V. d. Wulp) ; New Jersey (Johnson). Several
male specimens from Ithaca, N. Y.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 219

31. Chironomus pedestris Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6 : 246, 81
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3537, 58
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 606

Resembles C. p e d e 1 1 u s , but the extreme tips of the tibiae
are black, the fore femora are entirely black with the exception of
the base; and the tips of the knobs of the halteres are black.
Length 5.5 to 6 mm. Schiner loc. cit.

Green, shining, thorax and tip of abdomen, black; dorsmn of
thorax of the male with three wide confluent black stripes; an-
tennae of the male pale brown; wings white; tip of the knob of
the halteres blackish; legs pale, the extreme tips of the tibiae,
the whole of the fore femora except the yellowish bases are black ;
the anterior tarsi of the male nearly bare, fore metatarsus about
one fourth longer than its tibiae; the male claspers short and
slender. The first five abdominal segments in the dried specimens
are pale yellow. Everything else as with C. p e d e 1 1 u s Zetter-
stedt. New Jersey (Johnson).

32. Chironomus nigricans n. sp.
(P1.21, figs. 5 to 12, and pl.28, fig.15)

Larva. The larvae were collected from the ponds in the vicinity
of Cayuga lake, Ithaca. N. Y. Thev are blood-red, slender, about

«/ Cj

12 mm. long, head short, pale brown, edge of the labium and
tip of the mandibles black, each eye consisting of a pair of dis-
tinctly separated spots, one of these spots being again divided
by a fine line. The antennae is slender, about three fourths
as long as the mandible, its first joint five sevenths as long as
the others taken together (fig.5). The labrum is of the usual
form, with about five pairs of curved subapical setae, and
a pair of flattened, ventrad-projecting fan-like processes. The
epipharynx (fig.10) has a pair of curved, transverse, toothed
ridges, a transverse comb (c) composed of five leaf-like parts,
each part with four or five pointed lobes. The lateral arms, not
shown in the figure, are of the usual form, each having a bilobed
extremity, the outer lobe being slender and pointed, the inner
one shorter and broader. The three pairs of pectinate setae
which are placed within the horseshoe-shaped ridge are con-
spicuous (fig.10). The mandibles are stout, with black apices,
the usual subapiral hairs, mesad projecting branched setae, and
a pair of slender lateral projecting setae (fig.7). The maxilla
has a moderately stout palpus with a slender apical seta, several
stout pale setae, some fine hairs near its base, several mesad
projecting pointed lobes, and a number of scattered papillae

220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

(fig.6). Upon the hypopharynx (hy) is a pair of slender branched
processes besides the usual hairs and papillae. The middle pair
of the teeth in labium (fig.<> 1) are the longest, and the second,
third and fifth laterals are longer than the first, fourth and
sixth. The setae of the anterior prolegs are pale brown, and
rather coarser and more distinct than those of most of the
r h i r o n o m i d larvae (fig.8). The posterior prolegs have the
usual bilobed claws of which the two lobes of each marginal claw
make a smaller angle with each other than do the central claws
(fig.9). Immediately dorsad of the four short and thick anal
blood gills is a pair of small setae; the basal nodule upon which
each dorso-anal tuft of setae is placed is quite small, about as Avide
as it is long. The ventral blood gills of the eleventh abdominal
segment were not seen in this specimen.

Pupa. (Figs. 11 and 12.) The pupa is greenish brown, about
6 mm. in length, with the usual pair of white thoracic respiratory
tufts. The dorsum of the second and third abdominal segments
are marked as shown in fig.ll. Near the anterior margin of each
of segments four, five and six is a transverse row of short but
conspicuous dark spines. The epidermis at the base of each spine
is brown ; the entire dorsal surface of the segment behind this
row is microscopically punctate with extremely short spines.
Near the posterior margin these spines become somewhat larger,
forming an irregular double or triple transverse row. Second
segment is like the following segments, but has in addition the
usual transverse row of longitudinal ridges on its posterior mar-
gin. All these segments have a few pale setae arranged as shown
in the figure. The seventh and eighth segments are nearly devoid
of markings, though they have a few small setae. The lateral fins
of the eighth segment each has the usual lateral filaments, and
each ends in a chitinous < omb of five teeth (fig.12). The caudal
fin has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. (P1.28, fig.15.) Male and female, blackish; legs white,
male with whitish abdomen. Length 4 to 5 mm.

Male. Head, including palpi, proboscis, antennae and its hairs
pale fuscous. Dorsum of the thorax dark brown with three sub-
shining broad blackish stripes, metanotum and pectus blackish;
pleura and scutellum a little paler. The hairs of the mesothorax
and scutellum yellow. Abdomen white with a greenish tinge, the
last three joints including the genitalia sometimes pale fuscous,
and occasionally the posterior margins of segments very narrowly
darkened. The claspers elongate, the inferior lobes slender and
slightly clubbed. Hairs pale. Legs white, the tips of the middle
and hind tibiae each with a minute black circular comb with two
of its teeth slightly elongated into spurs. Fore tarsi of male,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 221

bare. Wings white with a slight milky tinge; veins colorless, in-
cluding the crossvein ; venation as figured. Halteres white, some-
times with a slight greenish tinge. In an occasional specimen the
middle section of each fore femur is brownish.

Female. Like the male, excepting that the abdomen is black or
deep fuscous, dull; in well-preserved specimens the posterior mar-
gins slightly cinereous; hairs pale. The fiagella of the antennae
and sometimes the palpi also yellowish. In both sexes the fore
metatarsus is about one third longer than its tibia. One bred
specimen and a number of captured ones from Ithaca, N. Y. ; also
some from New Jersey.

33. Chironomus aberrans n. sp.

Female. Resembles C. fallax u. sp. but is paler. Length
3.5 mm. Head, including antennae, wholly yellow, palpi pale fus-
cous. Dorsum of the thorax and scutellum yellowish, the three
dorsal stripes, pectus and a mark on the pleura, brownish; meta-
notum dark brown. Abdomen fuscous, the first two and the
basal part of the third greenish or yellowish; posterior margins
of the other segments indistinctly paler fuscous; hairs pale.
Coxae, the knees, the tips of the middle and hind tibiae and of the
tarsal joints brown; the apical half of front femora, basal half
and the tips of the front tibiae, and the tips of the fore tarsal
joints dark brown. Wings hyaline, with a milky tinge; the veins,
including the crossvein, yellow; venation as shown on pl.28, fig.lT.
Halteres white. The fore metatarsus is about one fifth longer
than its tibia.

Male. Like the female but differs in having the first four or five
abdominal segments, yellowish. Ithaca, N. Y., Pennsylvania,
Washington State. New Jersey.

34. Chironomus lugubris Williston
1896 C h i r o n o m u s Williston. Ti-ans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274

Male. Similar to C . 1 o n g i m anus (No. 51) , but differs
in lacking the brown stripes of the mesonotum, which is uni-
formly light yellow, in the abdomen being uniformly brown, and
in the femora being wholly light yellow. Length 3-4 mm. Willis-
ton, loc. cit. Fore metatarsus about 114 times as long as its tibia.
St Vincent Island, West Indies.

35. Chironomus fumidus n. sp.
(P1.2S, fig. 18)

Male. Fuscous ; length 2.5 to 3 mm. Head with palpi, pro-
boscis, and antennae pale fuscous; the basal joint of the last,
brown, the second joint yellowish, the hairs pale fuscous. Dorsum

222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of thorax pale yellowish, pruinose, or with a greenish tinge, with
three brown stripes ; the scutellum yellow ; the metanotum,
sternum (and sometimes the pleura also) dark brown. Ajbdomen
dark brown or black, sulbshiuiug, sometimes the segments with
a suggestion of a pruinose margin ; hairs pale brown. Legs yellow,
the knees and the tarsi somewhat infuscated; tips of the tibiae
blackish. Legs hairy, including the fore tarsi ; fore metatarsus
nearly twice as long as the tibia, the second and third nearly
suibequal in length, the fourth but little shorter, the fifth shortest.
Wings hyaline, sometimes slightly smoky, anterior veins yellow,
the crossvein but little if any darker. Halteres pale yellow.

Female. The head with mouth parts and antennae (except the
apical joints) more yellowish, thoracic stripes sometimes more
reddish, and the abdomen a blackish green; anterior tarsi bare;
in other respects like the male.

This species dliffers from C. halteralis Goq. in having pale
halteres and the female having a blackish green abdomen. From
C. 1 o n g i p e s Staeger, an European species, it differs in having
shorter tarsi. Ithaca, N. Y., July and August.

36. Chironomus tendens Fabricius

1794 T i p u 1 a Fabr. Ent. Syst. 4 :243, 47

1805 Chironoinus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.39, 7

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 :34, 30

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3525, 45

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :605

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.257, 15

1899 Chironomus Johnson, in Smith's Cat'l. of N. J. Ins. p.627

Dorsum of the thorax shining reddish yellow, with three wide
ferruginous longitudinal stripes, which occupy nearly the whole
of the dorsmn; the median one abbreviated posteriorly, and only
continued in an embossed yellow line to the scutelluim; pectus,
metanotum and scutellum ferruginous. Abdomen yellow or yel-
lowish green ; white-haired; the anterior ends of the segments
and on the dorsuim of the posterior segments somewhat darker;
the forceps slender and strongly upcurved. Head yellow;
antennae with the shaft brown, the basal joint and the hairs
ferruginous; palpi brownish. Legs pale yellow, sometimes the
tip of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints slightly darkened ; fore
tarsi of the male more or less thickly haired ; metatarsus one
fourth longer than the tibia. Wings whitish yellow; halteres yel-
low. The female is wholly shining ferruginous, with rather
deeply yellow tinged wings. Length 6.5 to 7.5 mm. Schiner, loc.
cit. New Jersey (Johnson).

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 223

37. Chironomus lineatus Say

1823 Chironornus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat Sc. Phil. 3 : 14, 5
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2:42, 5

1828 Chironomus lineola Wiedemann. Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins.

1 : 17, 6

1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21
1899 Chironomus lineola Wied. Johnson in Smith's Cat'l. of
Ins. N. J. p.626

Wings white; stetkidium yellowish testaceous, a fuscous longi-
tudinal line on the anterior dilated line.

Thorax pale greenish, the dilated lines yellowish testaceous, a
longitudinal narrow line very distinct and fuscous on the anterior

o v

dilated line, and green rather obsolete behind; sculel pale; wings
immaculate; feet whitish, incisures of the knees of the inter-
mediate and posterior feet brown ; tergum greenish, posterior
margins of the incisures dusky. Length of the- female nearly
three tenths of an inch (7.5 mm.). Pennsylvania. Say, loc. cit.
New Jersey (Johnson).

38. Chironomus albipennis Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6 : 248, 87

1850 Chironomus Zett Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3526, 46

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 608

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. 257, 14

1809 Chironomus Johnson, in Smith's Catalogue of Ins. of N. J.
p.627

'Shining ferruginous; thorax with three chestnut longitudinal
stripes; a spot on each pleuron and the metanotum more or less
brown ; the scutellum yellow. The abdomen green, in dried speci-
mens brownish above, the anal segments flattened, the forceps
short and sublanceolate, the arms incurved, and hairy. Palpi and
antennae brown, the hairs of the latter lighter at the tip. Legs
pale yellow, the tarsal joints usually darkened; sometimes the ex-
treme tips of the tibiae are also darkened ; fore tarsus of the male
delicately but distinctly haired, its metatarsus an eighth longer or
at least as long as its tibia. Wings white, the costal veins of the
female ferruginous, the crossvein not darkened. Halteres pale.
Length 5 to 6 mm. A specimen from New Jersey is doubtfully
identified as this species by Johnson (1899).

I have a purchased specimen, collector unknown, bearing the

label C. albipennis, Riverton, N. J., but which in reality
is not al'bipennis, 'but is C. n i g r i c a n s n. sp.

39. Chironomus taenionotus Sav

1829 Ohironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat Sc. Phil. 6 : 149
1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2 : 349

1878 Chironomus Ost Sack. Cat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21

224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Female. Stethidium green trilineate; a black line on the middle
of the anterior line. Body bright pea-green ; head yellowish, ter-
minal joint of the antennae blackish ; thorax with three dilated,
pale honey yellow vittae; a black line along the middle of the
anterior one ; wings white ; meta thorax pale honey yellow ; with a
blackish spot in the middle, divided by a green line; tergum im-
maculate; pectus pale honey yellow; feet pale greenish, anterior
tibiae and tarsal incisures dusky. Length more than one fifth
inch (=5mm.). Indiana. Say, loc. cit.

40. Chironomus fulvus n. sp.

Larvae collected in Beebe lake near the shore in August ; reddish
yellow in color. Length about 5 mm. The empty laryal skin was
subsequently lost, hence no further description can be given.

Pupa. A single pupa from which emerged a specimen so greatly
resembling the species described below that I believe them to be
identical. This pupa had very much elongated respiratory or-
gans ; nearly as long as the body, the main trunk flattened, slender,
diminishing in diameter toward the end, the apical end subdivid-
ing into three or four branches. Each abdominal segment with a
transverse row of rather conspicuous spines near the posterior
margin, and a number of long setae, three or four pairs of which
are laterals, one or two pairs discal, and a marginal pair, all as
shown on pl.22, fig.20. The lateral fin of the eighth segment is
provided with a somewhat sinuous yellow spur a little caudad of
the middle. The caudal fin is fringed with the usual flattened
matted filaments, those more caudad being longer and broader
than the others (pl.22, fig.23).

Imago. (P1.28, fig.19). Deep yellow; wings hyaline, yellow
tinted. Length 3 to 4 mm.

Female. Head yellowish, occiput dusky, palpi, antennae and
proboscis subfuscous; the base of the second joint and sometimes
the basal joint and some of the intermediate joints of the antenna
yellowish. Dorsum of the thorax pale yellow, with a whitish
sheen, with three testaceous stripes, the middle one divided by
a fine line. Humeri whitish, scutellum and part of the pleura
yellow, the remaining parts of the thorax reddish yellow. Abdo-
men reddish yellow, the more posterior segments brownish, the
posterior margins of the segments a very little, if any, paler;
hairs yellow. Coxae and legs yellow, the fore legs excepting the
middle section of the femora, and the whole of the middle and
hind tarsi excepting the basal half of the metatarsi, fuscous. Tips
of middle and hind tibiae with minute black comb. Wings
hyaline, with a slight yellow or dusky tint; anterior veins includ-
ing the crossvein yellow ; venation as figured. Halteres pale yel-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 225

lowish, sometimes with a slight greenish tint. In immature spe-
cimens the parts described above as dnsky are more yellowish.
The fore metatarsus is about three fourths longer than the tibia.
Numerous female specimens. One bred specimen believed to be
the same, the pupa of which is described above. Ithaca, N. Y.

41. Chironomus flams n. sp.
(P1.22, figs. 1 to 4; pl.28, fig.20 ; pl.32, fig.12)

Larva. No eggs were found. The larvae were taken in com-
pany with T h a 1 a s s o m y i a f u s c a from the surface of the
rocks washed by swift flowing water. Some specimens of the
larvae found in August were placed in still water, and in due time
transformed and emerged, so that it appears that this species
will live in still water also. The full grown larva is pale yel-
lowish green, with pale brown head. Length 6 to 7 mm. and quite
slender. The head is rather short, pale brown, the eye spots each
consist of a pair of contiguous spots, conspicuously black, and the
black ends of the mandibles show prominently. There are several
setae upon the head, one in front, one close to but mesad of the
eye and a pair on top of the head between the eyes; besides these
there is a transverse row of about G setae a little distance back of
the eyes. The antennae (pl.22, fig.la) are slender, about the
length of the mandibles; the first joint is about three
fifths of the whole length, the white apical process of
the first joint is nearly as long as the four apical joints
taken together. The two apical processes of the second
joint are about as long as the third joint. The labrum has
about six pairs of rather prominent pale setae, some of them
pectinate, and a pair of short pale fan-like processes at the apex.
The mandibles (fig.l md) are stout and have a densely black tip;
the maxilla (fig.l mx) has a prominent palpus, a pair of exceed-
ingly delicate slender mesad projecting processes with several
setae. The epipharynx has the usual pair of lateral arms, a trans-
verse comb composed of three hand-like processes, and the curved
pectinate hairs. The hypopharynx (fig.l hy) has the usual
papillae. The labium has a conspicuous black margin with the
two middle teeth longest, the first laterals much smaller, the
second laterals larger than the first, those laterad gradually de-
creasing in size outwards. The anterior prolegs have numerous
curved hairs, the posterior pair (fig.2) with numerous prominent
bilobed hooks. The ninth abdominal segment (fig.2) has the nor-
mal dorsal tufts of setae, four pale blood gills, of which the apical
two thirds of each is considerably smaller in diameter and pointed
at the apex. Dorsad of the upper pair is a pair of rather promi-
nent setae.

226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Pupa. Pale yellow, with yellowish brown thorax; length 3.5
to 4 mm. Thoracic respiratory tracheae are delicate, much
branched, and white in color. The second and third abdominal
segments (fig.3) each are marked with an anterior transverse row
of caudad projecting short setae, the disk more or less covered
with smaller and more delicate ones, leaving a number of round
clear spaces. The fourth and fifth are like the third, the following
ones with fewer setae. The first is bare, the second has besides
those mentioned the usual transverse row of black, longitudinal
ridges. The anterior lateral margin of the anterior segments is
marked with a pale brown cloud, most easily seen in the empty
pupal skin. The lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment has
the usual filaments, each fin terminating in a toothed process, deep
brown in color (fig.4). The caudal fin has the usual fringe of
matted hairs.

Imago, male. Yellow ; length 2 to 2y2 mm. Head with pro-
boscis, palpi, and basal joint of antenna yellow; antennal flagella
and sometimes tip of proboscis pale fuscous. Thorax with all
its parts pale yellow, the dorsum with three deeper yellow stripes.
In some specimens the metanotum, parts of the pleura and the
pectus somewhat deeper yellow. Abdomen wholly pale yellow,
with whitish hairs; in living specimens the abdomen is some-
times pale yellowish green; genitalia (pl.32, fig.12) long and
slender and yellow in color; the daspers long, the superior lobes
blunt with curved spines, the inferior lobes very slender and with
an elongate apical seta each. Legs wholly pale yellow, and
excepting the first pair rather hairy. Tips of the tibiae with the
usual minute black comibs. The fore femur is about one third
longer than its tibia, and the fore metatarsus fs about 1% as
long. Wings hyaline, with a slight milky tinge, veins colorless;
venation as shown on pl.28, fig.20. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male, but the antennae are yellow, apical
joints are fusrous. The abdomen has a faint suggestion of white
margins on the segments. In some specimens the dorsal stripes
are quite indistinct; in living specimens the thorax is sometimes
a greenish yellow and the abdomen bright green. This species
must not be confused with Tany tarsus exiguus which
it closely resembles, but from which it may be distinguished by
its distinct radial veins and hairless wings. Ithaca, N. Y.

42. Chironomus brevitibialis Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3537, 59

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 606

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.261, 22

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Yidenskab, Meddel. p.273, 51

or*

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 22 1

This pale green' species resembles C. v i r i d i s, but is smaller;
the thoracic stripes, the sternum and the metanotum pale ferru-
ginous, sometimes subobsolete; the clampers of the male quite
long and slender ; the legs pale yellow or white ; the femora some
times slightly greenish; the extreme tip of the tibiae and of the
metatarsi and the whole of the last tarsal joints brownish. Well-
colored specimens, with distinct ferruginous thoracic stripes, have
the legs more greenish, and the fore legs brownish. The fore tibia
is one third shorter than the femur and the fore metatarsus nearly
Iwice as long as its tibia; the remaining tarsal joints are much
shorter; fore tarsi are bare: the hind legs are hairy. Halteres
and wings white. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Translation from V. d.
Wulp. Greenland (Lnndbeck) ; Washington State; Long Island,
N. Y.

43. Chironomus modestus Say

1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acacl. Nat. Sc. Pbil. 3 : 13, 3

1828 C h i r o n o m n s Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1:18, 8

1859 Chironomus Say. Oompl. Wr. 2:41, 3

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Larva. (P1.22, figs.S to 12) . The larva is buff -colored or yellow,
with a slight reddish tinge ; length 6 to 7 mm. The head is brown
with a few dorsal setae; antennae (fig.9) slender, as long as the
mandibles, basal, joint three fifths of the whole length. The
la.brum (fig.10 ulr) with a few prominent pale setae, several hairs
of which are pectinate. The epipharynx with the us-ual pectinate
setae, lateral arms and transverse comib, the last with but five
blunt rounded teeth. Mandibles, ifig.ll) with blackened teeth.
Maxillae i tig.ll mx) with short palpus, several setae and a small
group of mesad projecting slender lobes. Labinm ( fig. 11 1) with
rounded margin, the teeth with rounded outline, and a pair of
ventral setae. Posterior prolegs with bilobed claws, anal blood
gills distinct; the posterior dorsal tufts of setae are each placed
upon a papilla which is about as broad as long, and which has a
very delicate seta on its side.

Pupa. Pale green, length 5 to 5.5 mm. Respiratory organs
consist of a pair of tufts of white filaments. Dorsal surface of
the fourth abdominal segment (fig.12) marked with two trans-
versely oval patches of microscopic setae near the anterior mar-
gin and a. large patch with few clear spaces covering the greater
portion of the dorsum ; this patch is widest at the posterior mar-
gin. The third, fifth and sixth segments are similarly marked,
but the patches are smaller on the fifth and sixth, and larger on
the third; the seventh and eighth are usually bare; the second
has the usual transverse row of longitudinal ridges on its poste-
rior margin, and the dorsal surface is marked like that of the

228 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

third, though the setae near the posterior margin appear a little
more prominent. Near the posterior ventral margin of the first,
the anterior and posterior ventral margins of the second, and
sometimes on the anterior margin of the third also there is a row
of rather long, slender, conspicuous, pale setae. Each lateral fin
of the eighth segment has the usual set of four pale filaments and
a brownish yellow slightly sinuous tooth (fig.Sj. The caudal fin
has the usual fringe of filaments. The dorsal surface of the first,
second and third segments is frequently slightly gray clouded.

The larva and pupa of this species have also been described by
Dr Dyar (1902, p.57) from Bellport, N. Y.

Imago, male. iStethidiuui yellowish, abdomen pea green. Eyes
black ; antennae, shaft brown, whitish at the base ; humerus, scutel
and intervals between the dilated lines of the thorax pale; wings
immaculate, costal edge near the tip somewhat dusky ; feet green-
ish white, anterior tibia and the tarsi dusky. Length one fifth of
an inch (=5 mm.). Pennsylvania (Kay) ; New Jersey (Johnson) ;
Ithaca, N. Y.

To Say's description, given above, may be added the following:
The female is like the male, but the antennae are more yellowish
and the abdomen more deeply green. The fore tarsi of the
male are nearly bare; the fore femur is about one third longer
than the tibia, while the metatarsus is about five sixths longer.
The male genitalia are figured on pl.32, fig.S, those of the female
in fig.ll.

There appear to be several varieties of this species, differing
slightly in the adult state, and more distinctly in larval and
pupal stage. It is possible that when these and closely allied
species are better known, my varieties will be considered dis-
tinct species.

Var. a. Larva reddish. The fourth albdominal segment of the
pupa as shown on pl.22, fig.15; the lateral fin of the eighth seg-
ment with comb of several teeth (pl.22, fig.16) . The imago differs
principally in being smaller, in length not exceeding 3 mm., while
the smallest specimens of the typical variety are over 3.5 mm. in
length. In color, too, they are more deeply green, including the
thorax and legs. The wing venation is as shown on pl.29, figs.l
and 2.

Var. 6. The pupa differs from those of the preceding varieties
principally in being devoid of spurs at the end of the lateral fin
of the eighth segment. The dorsal surface of segments 5 to 9 is
marked as shown on pl.22, fig.14. The imago is about 3 mm. in

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 229

length; the longitudinal stripes of the thorax rather faint; the
male genitalia as shown on pl.32, fig.9; the lateral arms pro-
longed, curved upwards and enlarged at the ends; the inferior
lobes slender, about one half as long as the outer pair, with a
slight enlargement at the end ; the superior arms are still shorter
and curved; the dorsal keel is elongate, curved downwards, and
with a slight notch near the tip. Both of these varieties from
Ithaca, N. Y.

44. Chirononms fulviventris n. sp.

Larva. Slender, head brown, tip of the mandible and edge of
the labium black; each eve consists of two distinct spots. An-
tennae short, stout, basal joint four sevenths of total length; the
appendage at the apex of the first joint longer than the four
apical joints. Labnun and epipharynx resembles that of
decorus n. sp., the transverse comb like that shown on pl.22,
fig.19; the lateral arms prominent and uniformly brown. Man-
dibles and maxillae normal; the labium has the middle pair of
teeth shorter than the first and second laterals (pl.22, fig.24).
The ventral blood gills were not discovered ; the four anal gills
longer than the anal prolegs ; the other appendages normal.

Pupa. The pupa has the dorsal surface of the abdomen marked
like that shown on pl.21, fig.ll ; the terminal spines of the lateral
fins of the eighth segment are shown on pl.22, fig.26. The caudal
fin has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. Male, deep yellow; length, 3 to 4 mm. Head yellowish,
palpi, proboscis and antennae pale fuscous, the basal joint of
the last yellow, its hairs yellowish brown. Dorsnm of thorax
yellowish with 3 wide testaceous stripes, the middle one divided
by a fine line; mesonotum and pectus reddish brown; scutellum
and pleura yellowish, the latter with some blotches, reddish
brown. Abdomen brownish, the anterior and posterior margins
of each segment yellowish. Last 3 segments broadened, all hairs
yellowish brown. The genitalia have a pair of elongate lateral
arms, a pair of blunt clubbed inferior lobes with curved setae, a
pair of hook-like superior lobes and a downward curved keel (one
half of these parts are as shown on pl.32, fig.10). The coxae, the
femora, particularly the apical half, the basal half of the fore
tibiae and the immediate bases of the middle and hind tibiae, the
tips of all tibiae, and all tarsal joints yellowish brown; the re-
maining parts more yellowish or whitish ; all hairs pale, fore tarsi
bare. The wings hyaline, all the veins pale. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male, but the abdomen is nearly uniformly
yellow. In both sexes the fore metatarsus is only about one
eighth longer than its tibia. Specimens of larva, pupa and adult,
from Saranac Inn, N. Y. ; several adults from Ithaca, N. Y.

230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

45. Chironomus pallidus n. sp.
(P1.29, fig.5)

Male. The thorax yellow ; abdomen whitish ; length 4 to 4.5 rnm.
Head yellow, including two basal joints of antennae; proboscis
and palpi fuscous or subfuscous; the flagellum of the antenna
dusky yellow. Thorax ferruginous, the scutellum, the humeri,
space in front of the scutellum and between the ferruginous dorsal
stripes is yellowish or whitish; metathorax testaceous, brown or
sometimes blackish. Abdomen white; yellowish or pale greenish
toward the tip. Genitalia white. Legs white, tip of fore femur,
base and tip of fore tibia, blackish ; extreme tips of middle and
hind tibiae each with a minute black comb; the knees of middle
and hind legs sometimes slightly infuscated. Fore metatarsus

*—> <j t;

about one quarter longer than its tibia; fore legs nearly bare,
middle and hind ones rather hairy. Wings hyaline, veins nearly
colorless. Halteres white.

Female. Antennae yellow with apical joint fuscous. Abdomen
pale greenish. Ithaca, N. Y. July and September.

46. Chironomus frequens n. sp.
(Pl.29, fig.7)

Differs from brevitibialis (No. 42) in that the fore meta-
tarsus is only one third longer than its tibia, the tibia more than
three quarters as long as its femora. The face and palpi are
yellowish in some specimens. The apical one third of the fore
tibia and of the metatarsus, the third fore tarsal joint, the whole
of the fourth and fifth joints of all the feet, and the tips of all
the other tarsal joints, blackish. The tips of the second and third
tibiae each with a minute black comb. The paler portion of tibia
and metatarsus is white. In other respects the two descriptions
correspond. Length 3.5 to 4 mm. Many female specimens. Ithaca,
N. Y.

47. Chironomus viridis Macquart.

1834 Chironomus Macq. Suit, a Buffon. 1 :52, 21

1838 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 7 : 6, 127

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3531, 53

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 605

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.258, 17

1895 Chironomus Johnson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil, p.320

17G7 Tipula? virens Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:975,34

1838 Chironomus v u 1 n e r a t u s Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.814, 28

Male. Dorsmn of the thorax greenish yellow, with three fer-
ruginous longitudinal stripes as with C. ten dens. The
sternum, a spot on the pleura and the inetanotum ferruginous.
Abdomen a beautiful light green ; on the dorsum, particularly

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 231

toward the posterior end, somewhat darker; the posterior seg-
ments somewhat flattened; the forceps moderately long and
strong. Head yellowish, palpi brown, antennae brown, with its
hairs lighter, the basal joint yellow. Legs pale yellow; the ex-
treme tip of each tibia brown; the tarsi toward the end some-
what darker; the foremost pair delicately haired, but not bearded;
the fore metatarsus one third longer than its tibia ; occasionally
the fore tibiae and tarsi darkened ; the femora, however, are
usually somewhat greenish. The fore femora and fore tibiae are
of about equal length. Wings whitish, with pale veins.

Female. The antennae are yellow and have brown tips. Length,
5.5 to G.25 mm. Translation from Schiner loc. cit. Florida
(Johnson).

48. Chironoinus dux n. sp.
(P1.29, fig.S)

Larva. The blood-red larva resembles in structural detail that
of 0. modestus (pl.22, figs. 9 to 11). The labium differs in
having the second lateral tooth smaller than the third ; somewhat
resembling fig.l on pl.21, but the second lateral is more distinctly
separated from the first.

Pupa. The pupa has the dorsal surface of the fourth, fifth and
sixth abdominal segments marked somewhat like that shown on
pl.22, fig.15. The second and third segments are more widely
covered with microscopic setae, leaving here and there small, cir-
cular, bare spots. The terminal comb of the lateral fin of the
eighth segment resembles that shown on pl.22, fig.16, but the comb
stands out more nearly at right angles with the long axis of the
body, and the teeth are somewhat curved caudad.

Imago, male. Length 5 to 6 mm. Bright green. Head and
proboscis and basal joints of palpi pale green, the apical joints
of palpi slightly infuscated. Basal joint of antenna yellow, the
flagellum fuscous, the hairs brownish. Dorsum of thorax with its
three stripes, the meta thorax, the sternum and a few spots on the
pleura buff-colored ; the hunieri, space between the dorsal stripes,
space in front of the scutellum, the scutellum and the pleura,
green. Abdomen .green with pale hairs. Genitalia yellow. Coxae
and femora green, middle and hind tibiae greenish or yellowish,
fore tibiae yellowish, slightly infuscated. Tarsi fuscous, the
metatarsi slightly paler. Middle and hind legs rather hairy; fore
legs nearly bare. Fore metatarsus about one third longer than
its tibia ; wings hyaline, the anterior veins yellow, the crossveins
the same color; venation as figured. Halteres green.

Female. Slightly darker than the male. Dorsal stripe of the
thorax more brownish, tibiae slightly infuscated, especially the
front pair; and the extreme tips of the femora also show a trace
of brown. Ithaca. N. Y.

232 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

49. Chironomus viridicollis V. d. Wulp

1858 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 2 : 161, 2

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.254, 9

1898 Chironomus Johnson, in Smith's Cat'l. of Ins. N. J. p.627

Male and female. Thorax green, shining, black, striped; ab-
domen fuscous; legs yellowish green, the knees and the fore tibiae
black; the fore tarsi of the male bare, male anal appendages small
and slender. Length 6.75 to 9 mm.

Antennae and palpi dark brown, the antennal hairs of the male
yellowish gray. Thorax shining, bright green; the dorsal stripes
(of which the middle one is divided by a fine line), two or three
spots at the root of the wing, the sternum, and the metauoturn,
brownish black. Abdomen shining, blackish, with yellow hairs;
the posterior margins .of the segments appear light gray, and a
longitudinal dorsal stripe sometimes becomes visible. The last
abdominal segment of the male is not as long as the preceding, its
appendages are filiform, pointed, not longer than the eighth seg-
ment. Legs greenish yellow; the tip of the fore femur, the en-
tire fore tibia, the knees of the last pair of legs, the tips of the
tibiae of the last pair of legs, the tips of the first two joints of all
the tarsi, and the whole of the last tarsal joint of all the legs,
brownish black. The fore metatarsus is about H times as long
as its tibia, the next tarsal joint is one half as long as the meta-
tarsus, the third and fourth are still shorter, and of about equal
length, the fifth is the shortest. The fore tarsi of the male are
not hairy. The last pair of femora and tibiae are pale haired.
Halteres with a pale peduncle and a greenish head. Wings almost
hyaline, the costal margin with a brownish tint, the veins brown-
ish, the anterior ones darker; the crossvein somewhat darkened.
Translation from V. d. Wulp, loc. cit.

Reported by Johnson from New Jersey. A number of speci-
mens from Ithaca N. Y., cannot be distinguished from the
European species. The wing venation is as shown on pi. 29, fig.9.

50. Chironomus jucundus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:16

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21

Male. Wings bare; chest red, with a broad black stripe on
each side; scutcheon black; abdomen yellow, hairy; hind borders
of the segments and the whole of the latter segments, black;
feelers tawny, and adorned with tawny hairs; legs pale yellow,
hairy; tips of shanks brown; wings white; veins pale yellow;
poisers white. Length of body, 2-| lines (5 mm.) ; of the wings, 4
lines (8 mm.). Georgia. Walker, loc. cit. New Jersey (Johnson,
1899).

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 233

51. Chironomus longimanus Williston

(P1.29, fig.10)
1896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274, 3

Male. Head yellow. Antennae, save the basal joint, black or
deep brown, the plumosity grayish black. Thorax light yellow; a
blackish brown stripe, running from in front of the root of each
wing, and joining in the middle in front, forming a V-shaped
figure; below these stripes the sides of the inesonotuni are of a
purer yellow; the nietanotum and a spot below the halteres
blackish. Abdomen yellow; a black band on the posterior margin
of the first and second segments; the fourth segment, the pos-
terior, or greater part of the fifth segment, and the hypopygium,
black 01- dark brown. Legs yellow; the base and tip of the four
posterior femora, and the proximal end of their tibiae brown;
front legs much elongate, the metatarsi about one fourth longer
than their tibiae. Wings nearly hyaline. Legs, 3 to 4 mm.
Williston, loc. cit. St. Vincent Island, West Indies.

52. Chironomus lobiferus Say

1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3 : 12, 1

1859 Chironomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2 : 41, 1

1828 Chironomus lobifer Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1 : 16, 4

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sacken. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Larva. Blood red : length 14 to 15 mm. Head dark brown,
cadi eye consists of two distinctly separated spots; the antennae
are about three fifths as long as the mandibles, brownish in
color, the basal joint about five ninths of the whole length, the
remaining joints slender (pl.23, fig.2). The mandibles, labrum,
and epipharynx resembling those of C. d e c o r u s . The setae
of the epipharynx pectinate. The teeth of the transverse comb
as large as in C. d e c o r u s but not all are of the same length.
The maxilla and the labium are as shown on pl.23, fig.3; the
toothed margin of the latter being deep black. The setae of the
anterior pair of legs are curved and hair-like. The anal prolega
have the usual bilobed claws; the four anal blood gills are short,
about three times as long as wide; the caudal setae are as usual.

Pupa. The pupa has plumose respiratory filaments; the mark-
ings of the dorsum of the abdominal segments consists of a uni-
formly distributed area of miscroscopic spines. The lateral fins
of the eighth segment (pl.23, fig.5) has the usual lateral filaments,
and each terminates in a very small comb of about seven teeth.
The caudal fin bears the usual fringe of matted filaments.

Imago. Antennae yellowish brown; thorax pale cinereous, the
three lines testaceous: scutel and metathorax testaceous; wings
white, with a brownish obsolete point near the middle; pectus
testaceous; feet pale yellowish, tergum somewhat glaucous, the

234 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

segments with their bases and an obsolete longitudinal line black ;
on the middle of the base of the second, third, fourth and fifth
segments is a small, longitudinally oval, slightly elevated lobe,
extending nearly one-third the length of the segment. Length
three tenths (=7.5 mm.) . Inhabits the United States. Say,
loc. cit.

The larvae and pupae were collected by Mr C. S. Banks at
Albany N. Y. The imago was not bred, but from nearly mature
pupae it was determined that on the dorsal surface of the pos-
terior margin of each abdominal segment excepting the last in
attached a spiked mace-like appendage (pl.23, fig.4) which ex-
tends one third the length of the segment following. On the
anterior segments this lobe is somewhat smaller and shorter.
As it lies closely applied to the dorsal surface of the segment it
appears as if it were a nodule of that segment rather than a
process from the segment preceding. The imaginal colors could
be distinctly seen through the pupal skin, agreeing with the de-
scription given above.

53. Chironomns festivus Say

1823 Chirononius Say. Journ. Acad. Nat Sc. Phil. 3 : 13, 2
1828 Chironornus Wied. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. 1:16, 5
1859 Chiroiiomus Say. Compl. Wr. 2, 41
1878 Chirononius Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Body pale, when recent, light green; pectus, three thoracic
lines and scutel testaceous; wings white. Bodv pale yellowish
brown, when recent, pale green; head at base of the antennae
testaceous; antennae light brown; eyes deep black; thorax trili-
neate with testaceous, scutel testaceous; wings white, immacu-
late; pectus testaceous between the two anterior pairs of feet;
feet pale, hairy; thighs green; tarsi dusky at the incisures; an-
teriors nearly naked, with hairy tarsi; abdomen, second, third,
fourth and fifth segments tipped with blackish above. Length of
female 7/20 of an inch (9 mm.). Observed particularly in Illi-
nois. 'Say, loc. cit.

Wiedemann describes both male and female, but gives the
length as 6.5 mm. A male specimen bearing the label C. 1 i n e o 1 a
Wied., Westville, N. J., agrees with the above description of
festivus, and I believe it to be the latter. In this specimen
the fore metatarsus is about 1.4 times as long as its tibia, and the
fore tarsi are provided with long hairs. This species seems to be
closely related to C. t e n d e n s

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 235

54. Chironomus willistoni nom. nov.

1896 Chironomus sp. Will. Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. p.275, 6

Male. Light yellow, the antennae brownish, and, rarely, the
posterior part of the abdomen also brownish. Extreme tip of the
four posterior tibiae black; front metatarsi about one fourth
longer than their tibiae. Wings hyaline; anal angle only feebly
indicated. Length 2 to 2.5 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vincent
Island, West Indies.

55. Chironomus anonymus Williston
1896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274, 2

The larvae are described by Dr H. G. Dyar (1902). . They are
bright red in color, and possess the four ventral blood gills of
the eighth segment. The mouth parts are not described. The
pupa is of the usual type. Both larvae and pupae were found in
a rain-water barrel at Bellport, N. Y.

Imago, male. Head red, or reddish yellow, the front more yel-
low. Antennae brown, first joint red ; plumosity at the tip black-
ish. Meson otuau light brownish red; two stripes and the humeri
yellow; scutellum light yellow. Pleura light brownish or reddish
yellow. Metanotum brown. Abdomen blackish, the first segment
and the distal part of the next two or three segments yellow or
yellowish. Legs yellow; the immediate tip of the tibiae and the
tip of all the tarsal joints dark brown ; proximal end of the front
tibiae also brown ; front tibiae about one half the length of their
metatarsi, and not longer than the second joint. Wings nearly
hyaline. Length 4 to 5 mini. Williston. loc. cit. St Vincent
Ts'and, West Indies.

A male specimen from Illinois differs from a St Vincent co-type
specimen in being paler, in having the thoracic stripes, pleura,
metanotum and sternum pale reddish yellow or buff colored, the
remaining parts greenish yellow, the abdomen as described, the
paler parts with a greenish tinge.

56. Chironomus innocuus Williston
1896 Chironomus Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.274, 5

Male. Head and basal joints of the antennae light yellowish ;
palpi brown; antennae brown. Thorax light yellow; mesonotum
with a brown stripe in the middle in front, and, on either side, an
oval brown spot, the three separated, and the middle stripe
bisected by a slender yellow line. Scutellum light yellow. Meta-
notum brown; halteres brown. Abdomen black, with black hair;

236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the seventh and eighth segments light yellow, with yellow hair.
Legs light yellow ; the extreme tips of the four posterior tibiae
black ; distal joints of the front tarsi infuscated, as also the front
tibiae; front metatarsi about one third longer than their tibiae.
Wings hyaline. Length 3 to 4 mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vin-
cent Island.

57. Chironomus similis n. sp.

(P1.29, fig.13)

Resembles C. cristatus Wied. ; differs in being smaller and
in having proportionately longer fore metatarsi. Length 3 to 4
mm.

Male and female. Head brownish, palpi and antennae including
basal joint dark brown, antennal hairs of the male yellowish
brown. Thorax dusky yellow, the three dorsal stripes and ster-
num brown, scutellum yellow, metanotuni blackish. Abdomen
brown, posterior margins of the anterior segments widely yellow-
ish, with cinereous bloom; anterior margins narrowly yellowish,
the brown marking prolonged caudad along the middle line;
posterior segments almost wholly brown with cinereous bloom.
Legs yellow or yellowish brown, knees and tarsi sometimes a little
darker. Fore metatarsus three fourths longer than the tibia;
fore tarsi nearly bare; middle and hind legs hairy. Wings
hyaline, veins yellow, crossvein brown though not very prominent.
Halteres yellow. Chicago, 111., Brookings, S. D., and Ithaca, N. Y.

58. Chironomus redeuns Walker

1856 Chiron emus Walker. Ins. Saunders, I. Dipt, p.422
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1900 Chironomus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 22 : 250

Female. Wings bare. Tawny. Antennae (brown, tawny at the
base. Thorax with four brown stripes, the outer pair paler,
broader and shorter than the inner pair. Abdomen brown, with
a hoary band on the hind border of each segment; under side
tawny. Legs testaceous; tips of the femora, of the tibiae and of
the joints of the tarsi brown. Wings limpid; veins brown,
strongly defined; discal mark distinct. Halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 3 lines (= 6 mm.) ; of the wings 5 lines
(=10 mm.). United States. Walker, loc. cit. Puerto Rico and
Mississippi (Coquillett, loc. cit.).

59. Chironomus plumosus Linne

1758 T i p u 1 a . Syst. Nat. ed. X. p.587, 19
1761 T i p u 1 a . Fauna Suec. ed. II. p.434, 1758
1767 Tipula. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. 2:974, 26

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 237

1804 Chironoinus Meigen. Klass. 1 : 11, 1

1818 Chironoraus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 20, 1
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scan<L 9:3481, 1
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 601

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.249, 1

1878 Chironomus Ost Sack; Cat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21

1805 Chironomus annular is Latr. Hist. Nat d. Crust et d. Ins.

14:289, 1

1818 Chironomus grandis Meigen. Syst Beschr. 1 : 21, 2

(P1.29, flg.ll)

The larva and pupa were obtained from the swamps in the
vicinity of Cayuga lake, Ithaca, N. Y. No adults Avere reared,
although several were captured in the neighborhood. The ex-
tremely large size of the larva and pupa, together with the color-
ing of the latter, lead me to believe that my specimens are the
early stages of C. p 1 u m o s u s. In fact the only species which
has been taken here in a number of seasons collecting which is
large enough to have larva and pupa of this size is p 1 u m o s u s,
and I therefore shall tentatively so consider it.

Larva. Blood red, length of body about 22 mm. Head brown,
antenna short and stout, basal joint about half as long as the man-
dible; the latter with blackened teeth and with the usual mesad
projecting setae. La,brum, epi pharynx and hypophar3rnx were
destroyed. Maxilla with short palpus and a mesad projecting
lobe with setae and papillae as shown in fig.16 of pl.23. Labium
(pi. 23. fig.15) broad with short blunt teeth; the middle tooth
broad with a nearly straight apical margin, the first lateral small
and more or less rounded, the second lateral broad and a little
longer than the middle one; the third pair smaller and closely
united with the second; fourth, sixth and seventh laterals about
of equal size with rounded margins, the fifth slightly smaller.
Anterior prolegs with very numerous fine hair-like setae. Ventral
and anal blood gills present. The larva (4) mentioned by Gar-
man (1888) is probably this species.

Pupa. Grayish brown in color; the markings of the enclosed
imago visible; length about 16 mm. Respiratory filaments much
branched and whitish in color. The dorsum of the abdominal
segments uniformly covered with microscopic spines, those near-
est to the posterior margins of the segments a little stouter than
the others. The lateral fin of the eighth segment terminates in a
Htitinous process or spur, the extremity of which is divided into
7 or 8 spines in close contact (pl.23, fig.14). Caudal fin with the
usual fringe of matted filaments. The mutilated condition of the
larva and pupa renders further description impossible.

238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

•

Imago, male and female. Dorsuin of the thorax dull pale yellow,
with three blackish gray, wide, longitudinal stripes, middle one
posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated; in front of
the scutellum with a shining whitish gray spot; pleura near the
coxae darkened, with grayish sheen ; nuetanotuin gray. Abdomen
pale yellowish, each segment with a broad brown spot, which often
widens into cross bands, the last few segments and the sides of
the others in certain lights with whitish gray sheen, the hairs pale
3*ellow; the last few segments flattened, the anal one with its
incisure deep, the forceps brownish yellow, slender. Head yellow-
ish; antennae brown, the hair is light brown; palpi ferruginous,
often quite dark. Legs yellow, the knees darkened, the other
articulations, narrow blackish brown ; fore tarsi of the male with
long hairs; metatarsus one fourth longer than the tibia; middle
and hind legs delicately 'but long and thickly haired. Wings
whitish with a black spot. The female quite robust, colors darker,
abdomen brown, with gray reflections, the incisures appearing at
most slightly whitish, the antennae yellow, at the end brownish.
The coloring of this species is varia.ble, sometimes lighter, some-
times darker, occasionally it has a touch of ferruginous, which is
then particularly noticeable on the antenna! hairs ; on the whitish-
gray posterior segments of the abdomen often appear regularly
arranged brown markings. The metamorphosis of this species
was first described iby Reaumur. Length, 11 to 12 num. Schiner,
loc. cit.

Brought from Mackenzie river by R. Kennicott (Ost.-Sack., loc.
cit.). Reported from Chautauqua lake N. Y., by C. V. Riley
(1886). Some male and female specimens from Ithaca N. Y.,
and Washington State, agree with the description and with speci-
mens from Europe in all particulars.

59a. Chironomus ferrugineovittatus Zetterstedt.

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3492
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :602
1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.251

Male and female. Head yellow, the antennae and palpi brown,
antennal hairs of the male dusky yellow, antenna of the female
yellow with a brown apical joint. Thorax pale yellow, with three
broad ferruginous longitudinal stripes, pleura with ferruginous
spots ; pectus and metanotum gray ; the flattened area in front of
the scutellum with a whitish sheen. Scute! him as also the
abdomen of the male for the most part yellowish, both with A
suggestion of green ; upon some of the abdominal segments a
brown dorsal mark ; the posterior segments with a whitish sheen ;

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 239

the anal segment cordate, a third shorter than the one imme-
diately preceding; forceps brownish yellow, slender and pointed;
the hairs on the sides yellowish ; abdomen of the female dark gray,
with whitish incisnres. Legs yellow with brownish articulations ;
the last two tarsal joints darkened; tarsal proportions as in
p 1 u m o s u s ; male fore tarsi hairy. Halteres yellow. Wings
with a slightly yellow tinge, whitish in reflected light; the cross
vein dark brown. Length 9 to 12 mm. Washington State.

60. Chironomus decorus n. sp.
(P1.23, figs. 7 to 13; pl.29, fig.12)

Larva. The larvae were found everywhere in the ponds and
ditches around Ithaca N. Y. They are blood red, and about
12 mm. long. The head is dark blackish brown; the antennae
are short, normal. The dorsal sclerite is narrow ovate, posterior
end pointed, truncate anteriorly, with three setae along each
lateral margin, the first at the extreme anterior end, the last one
half way between the anterior and the posterior end, the second
midway between these. Articulated to the cephalic margin, and
overhanging the month opening is the labrum. There are two
pairs of prominent setae upon its dorsal surface; numerous
papillae, two or which are quite prominent on the anterior
margin and upon the anterior ventral surface. The arrange-
ment of the setae and the armature of the epipharynx shown
in fig.10. The epipharyngeal comb (c) has relatively long and
uniform teeth; the lateral arms are dark brown in color.
Each eye consists of two distinctly separated pigment spots.
The mandibles (fig.7) are black-tipped, with a fringe of apical
setae, a prominent lateral spine, and a group of mesad pro-
jecting branched setae; the hypophar3rnx has its usual papillae
upon the fore margin ; the maxillae are prominent, each with two
lateral setae, the palpus is short and thick. The labium has a
black margin with an outline as shown in fig.S. In many speci-
mens the teeth appear to be slightly longer in proportion than
shown in this figure. The anterior prolegs have very numerous
curved setae. The body is nearly devoid of even minute setae.
The anal prolegs are normal, claws dark, bilobed. Anal setae as
usual. The eleventh body segment has four long white blood gills
on the ventral surface, and caudad of the dorsal setae of the
twelfth segment are four short ones.

The larva (1) mentioned by Garman (1888) is probably this
species.

Pupa. Dusky greenish brown, the colors of the imago showing
through the integument. Length 7 to 8 mm. Trachea! filaments
prominent, white and much branched. Thorax with a few scat-

240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tered setae. Segments of the abdornen with a seta-pattern as
shown in fig. 11 and 12; the pattern more indistinct on the last
two segments. On each lateral margin of the fifth to the eighth
segment there is a brown longitudinal dash, most conspicuous
and half the length of the segment on the fifth. The black chiti-
nized lateral spur of the eighth segment is prominent and without
teeth (fig.12) . The anal appendage has the usual fringe of matted
hairs.

Imago, male. Length 6 to 7 mm. Head yellow, antennae and
proboscis more or less brownish, large basal joint of the antennae
and the palpi reddish brown, the latter sometimes fuscous. Thorax
greenish yellow with a whitish sheen, the pleura and the scutellum
the same color ; the three thoracic stripes, some pleural spots, the
metathorax and the pectus dull testaceous or reddish, sometimes
even brownish; the middle dorsal line divided by a fine line.
Abdomen hairy, pale yellow or greenish yellow, in life more dis-
tinctly green, infuscated toward the tip; each segment with a
brownish transverse fascia slightly in front of the middle. These
fasciae are widest on the dorsal line, and are obsolete on the last
few segments. Genitalia brownish yellow, hairy, moderately
elongated (pl.32, fig.13). Legs including the coxae pale greenish
yellow, short haired; tarsi, particularly towards the tip, infus-
cated; tips of tibiae and of all tarsal joints fuscous, fifth joint
wholly fuscous. Tarsal claws simple, pulvilli small, empodium
stout, curved, blunt, and pectinate on the convex side. The fore
metatarsus about 0.6 longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, cross-
vein conspicuously clouded with dark brown, anterior veins yel-
low, posterior ones hyaline, the two branches of the cubitus and
the anal vein accompanied by a faint brown streak. Venation as
shown on pl.29, fig.12.

Female. Differs from the male as follows : Slightly shorter,
antennae yellow, last joint fuscous; thorax more greenish than
yellow, abdomen greenish with dark bauds as in the male, but
the bands are always wider and usually cover the whole surface
of the segment excepting the apical third or fourth. In other re-
spects like the male. This species seems to be very common in
many parts of the country. New York, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Kan-
sas. Washington State, and Nebraska.

60a. Chironomus dorsalis Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 :25, 10
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3529
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :605
1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.255
1830 Chironomus cingulatus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 6:245

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 241

1850 Cliironoruus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3498
1834 Chironomus nigroviridis Macq. Suit. Buffon. 1 :51
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scancl. 9:3529

1839 Chironoinus venustus Staeger. Kroj. Nat. Tidsskr. 2:562
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3496
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :603
1847 Chironomus waldheimii Gimrnerth. Bui. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou. 20. 2 :142, 69

Larva and pupa. Miall and Hamniuiid (1900) state that the
larva is blood red, and possesses both the ventral blood gills of
i IK- eleventh segment and the anal blood gills of the twelfth. The
labiuui is as shown on pl.23, fig.l. The pupa is of the usual type,
resembling the one shown on pi. 16, fig.2. The abdominal mark-
ings and the spurs of the lateral fin of the eighth segment are not
described.

Imago, male and female. Head yellowish; palpi and antennae
dark brown, the last usually yellowish or reddish yellow at the
base, the autennal hairs of the male pale brown with reddish
yellow sheen; very dark varieties (var. nigroviridis) dark brown
with pale brownish sheen. Thorax yellow, yellowish green,
sometimes very pale green ; the thoracic stripes, the pleura and
the sternum chestnut, sometimes ferruginous, sometimes blackish;
the meta thorax always blackish brown ; the middle thoracic stripe
of the male divided by a fine depressed line, in the female more
distinctly separated. Abdomen of the male a translucent green
or yellowish green; the second and the following segments each
with a large blackish brown dorsal mark which frequently is in
the form of a cross band; the last segments are wholly blackish
brown, with a whitish shimmer; abdomen of the female blackish
brown with pale green pruinose margins to the segments. Legs
pale green or yellowish; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints
brown; the fore metatarsus 1.5 times as long as the tibia, and
nearly twice as long as the second joint; the following joints
gradually diminishing in length; the fore tarsi bare. Halteres
yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brown, the crossvein
usually slightly clouded. Length 5.75 to 7.5 mm. Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Kansas.

61. Chironomus stigmaterus Say.

1823 Chironomus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3 : 15, 6

1859 Chironomus Say. Oompl. Wr. 2:42, 6

1828 Chironomus glaucurus Wied. Aussereurop. zweifl. 1 : 15, 3

1878 Chironomus Ost Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Tergum pale, toward the tip glaucous.

Male. Antennae pale yellowish brown ; thorax pale cinereous,
lines very pale testaceous, sometimes tinged with dusky; scutel

242 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

yellowish ; metathorax reddish brown ; wings white with a fuscous
subcentral stigma; pectus testaceous; feet pale yellowish; terguui,
basal segments pale reddish brown with whitish tips, terminal
segments somewhat glaucous. Length 0.3 inch (=7.5 mm.).
Habitat United States.

I have seen specimens, which I identify as this species and
agreeing perfectly with the above description, from Kansas, Wash-
ington State, California, Wisconsin, Idaho, New Jersey and South
Dakota. The male has hairy fore tarsi; the fore metatarsus in
both sexes is about one-fifth longer than the tibia. The species
resembles cristatus but differs in having paler thoracic
stripes, in being generally paler, and in its metatarsal proportions.
From f e s t i v u s and tendens it differs in having a darkened
cross vein.

62. Chironomus cristatus Fabr.

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. 39, 4

1821 Chironomus Wied. Dipt. exot. 1 : 11, 1

1828 Chironomus Wied. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. 1 : 14, 1

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

(P1.29, flg.14)

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellowish, with grayish-brown
stripes; abdomen yellowish, brown banded. Length 8 mm.

Antennae brownish. The dorsum of the thorax with the usual
three stripes, which, however, are not lead-colored, since they lack
the metallic lustre, but are brown, and appear in different lights
to be covered with a grayish bloom; the pleura have grayish spots,
the sternum and the metathorax ash-gray. The brown cross band
of each segment of the abdomen lies at the base of the segment;
each band is somewhat wider at the middle, where it is somewhat
prolonged into a fine line, sometimes reaching the posterior margin
of the segment. Legs yellowish. North America. Wiedemann,
loc. cit.

According to Fabricius (1805) the head is blackish and the legs
pale with blackish articulations. Some male and female speci-
mens from Chicago, 111., and Ithaca, N. Y., agreeing with Wiede-
manu's description may be further characterized thus: Face and
palpi brown; large basal joint of the antenna brown in the male;
iut the female the antenna is yellow except the apical joint;
scutellum yellowish; the last two or three abdominal segments
nearly wholly dark brown with cinereous bloom; male genitalia

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 243

dark brown. Legs yellow, knees of the fore legs and the fifth
tarsal joint of all the legs pale brown; extreme tips of all the
tibiae and of all the tarsal joints dusky; fore metatarsus about
1.5 times as long as its tibia; fore tarsi of male bare. Wings
hyaline, veins yellow, the crossvein brown. Length 6.5 to 8 mm.
New York, Illinois, Washington, Kansas, Idaho, South Dakota,
New Jersey (Johnson).

62a. Chironomus tentans Fabricius

1805 Chironomus Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.38, 3

1818 C h i r o 11 o in u s Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 :24

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3482

1864 Chironomus Schiuer. Fauna Austr. 2:603

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.255

1818 Chironomus abclouiinalis Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1 :32, 25

1804 Chironomus vernalis Meig. Klass. 1 :13, 5

Larva. Concerning the larva Weyenbergh (1874) writes:
" The larvae were found among the rotting leaves in- the water.
They were .full grown in March and the beginning of April; blood
red in color, long and slender in form, and about 20 mm. in
lengtb. . . . The mandible is deep brown, chitinized and sharply
toothed, particularly the vertex (pl.37, fig.28) is very sharp. The
lower lip (labium) is also sharply toothed, the teeth symmetri-
cally placed as shown on pl.37, fig.27. . . . The anal appendages
are large. ..."

Imago, male and female. Length 7.5 to 9.75 mm. Head grayish
yellow ; palpi dark brown ; antennae of the male dark brown, the
hairs paler brown, sometimes verging upon ferruginous; antennae
of the female reddish yellow, darkened apically. Thorax pale
yellow or light green; the moderately wide thoracic stripes, a line
produced posteriorly from the median stripe to the scutellum, a
part of the pleura and the metanotum, dark gray; the whole
thorax especially when viewed from behind, with a whitish sheen.
Abdomen dark gray, the segments with whitish or grayish pos-
terior margins; the anal segment of the male short and broad,
the claspers bent, unusually stout. Legs yellowish, the knees, the
tips of the tibiae, and the whole of the tarsi, blackish; the fore
metatarsus nearly one half longer than its tibia, the second tarsal
joint about half as long as the first and but little longer than the
third; the latter but little longer than the fourth; the fore tarsi
not ciliate, even the hairs of the hind legs inconspicuous; these
legs in both sexes robust. Halteres yellowish. Wings whitish;
the anterior veins pale brown, crossvein slightly darker, the other

244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

veins nearly colorless. The thoracic stripes of some specimens
are ferruginous; the ground color of the entire insect in this case
verges toward green; the antennal hairs of the male is then also
mainly pale yellow. In this species the pale thorax contrasts
strongly with the dusky abdomen. Translation; V. d. Wulp.
loc. cit.

According to Zetterstedt (1850) the ratio of fore metatarsus to
tibia is the same as in plumosus (i. e. one and one fourth to one).
This is the case in specimens from Ithaca, N. Y., Idaho, South
Dakota, Utah, Iowa.

63. Chirononms prasinus Meigen

1818 Chironoinus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 22, 4

1877 Chironomus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.250, 2

1839 Chironomus iutermedius Staeg. Krojer : Naturh. Tids.

2:559, 3

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3484, 3

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 601

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

1818 Chironomus pilipes Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 26, 13

Resembles plumosus but is smaller, the abdomen in living
specimens is light green (which color in dried specimens becomes
yellowish) with blackish dorsal spots which sometimes spread out
in the form of a cross band, seldom wanting; posterior margins
of the segments with a whitish sheen ; abdomen of the female
darker; with greenish white pollinose, posterior margins to the
segments. The ratio of tibia to metatarsus, the hair of the legs,
etc., like plumosus. Length 7.5 to 9 mm. Translation, V. d. Wulp,
loc. cit. Northwest of North America. Osten-Sacken (1878).
Idaho, Minnesota, New York.

According to Hammond (1885) the larva is blood red, and pos-
sesses both anal and ventral blood gills. Judging from a draw-
ing given by him the labium of the larva appears to be like that
figured on pl.37, fig.25.

64. Chironoinus polaris Kirby.

1824 Chironomus Kirby. Snppl. App. Parry's 1st Voyage. CCXVIH

1831 Chironomus Curtis. Ross' Voyage. LXXVII

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Oat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.288

Black, hairy, wings lacteous, iridescent, the costa fuscous with
nervures darker, halteres dirty ochre. Length 7.5 mm. Breadth,
12 mm. Curtis, loc. cit.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 245

Lundbeck (1898, 272) says in regard to this species and C.
bo real is Curtis, that they are probably identical with either
C. hyper bore us or C. staegeri. He says further th.it
C. p o 1 a r i s of Holmgren is not identical with either of the
above-named species, he having seen the Holmgren specimens.
In Holmgren's species the fore metatarsus is shorter than the
tibia, while according to the figure given by Curtis in Ross' Voyage
LXXVII, it appears that p o 1 a r i s Kirby is a true C h i r -
o nonius (sens. str.). Arctic regions.

65. Chironomus attenuatus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt Brit. Mus. 1:20
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. ]NT. A. p.20

Male. Body dark gray, thinly clothed with yellow hairs; abdo-
men very long, fringed with hairs on each side; feelers brown;
legs dull yellow, hairy, especially the four hinder thighs and
shanks ; fore feet very long, hairy at the base ; wings slightly gray,
with the usual dark spot on each, and having a fringe of very
short hairs ; veins brown ; poisers dark gray. Length of the body
:> lines (=6 mm.); of the wings 5 lines (=10 mm.). St Martin's
falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay.

According to the heading of the group to which this species
belongs the author states that the Avings are hairy. White moun-
tains, New Hampshire (Slosson).

66. Chironomus crassicollis Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 18
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Body blackish brown, downy; chest thick; abdomen
much narrower than the chest; feelers and legs brown; wings
white, not hairy, very iridescent; veins pale yellow; poisers
brown. Length of the body one line (=2 mm.) ; of the wings 1.5
Hue (=3 mm.). St Martin's falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay.
Walker, loc. cit.

67. Chironomus fimbriatus Walker

1848 Chironomus WTalker. List Dipt. Brit Mus. 1 : 20

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Body brown, hairy, abdomen fringed with hnirs; feelers and
legs pale brown, the latter hairy; wings colorless, hairy, fringed;
poisers pale brown. Length of the body one half line (==1 mm.) ;
of the wings one line (=2 mm.). St Martin's falls. Albany river,
Hudson's bay. Walker, loc. cit.

246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

68. Chironomus nigritibia Walker

1848 Chirononius Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 16
1878 Chironoruns Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Wings bare; chest black; abdomen yellow at the base; palpi
brown ; legs yellow ; tips of thighs and of shanks, and of joints of
the feet, black ; wings colorless ; a broad brown band across each
wing, faint toward' the hind border; veins brown; yellow towards
the base; poisers lemon-color. Length of body 2.25 lines (=4.5
mm.) ; of wings 4.5 lines (=9 mm.). St Martin's falls, Albany
river, Hudson's bay. Walker, loc. cit.

This species may be the same as C. b r a c h i a 1 i s Ooq.

69. Chironomus borealis Curtis

1831 ChiTonomus Curtis. Ross' Voyage. LXXVII
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Black, thorax gray, abdomen with 7 whitish rings; costa fus-
cous; legs lurid. Length, 6 mm. Breadth, 12 mm.

Black, basal joint of the antennae ochreous; thorax hoary;
abdomen clothed with long subdepressed yellowish hairs, the mar-
gins of the segments shining whitish or silvery; wings lacteous,
opalescent, the costa fuscous, the nervures darker; halteres
yellow; legs dull castaneous ochre, tips of the thighs and tarsi
fuscous. Arctic regions. Curtis, loc. cit. Greenland.

According to Lundbeck (1898) this species may be the same as
either C. hyperboreus, or C. s t a e g e r i , though Curtis'
description is too brief to admit of a positive statement.

70. Chironomus albistria Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 17
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Body reddish brown ; stripes on the chest red or flesh-
color; side stripes passing into two broad white stripes; sides of
chest hoary; scutcheon pale red; abdomen dark brown, hairy;
sutures of the segments paler; feelers pale brown; legs pale
tawny, hairy; tips of thighs, of shanks, of feet, darker; wings
whitish, not hairy; veins pale yellow; poisers white. Length of
the body 3 lines (=6 mm.) ; of the wings 4.5 lines (=9 mm.). St
Martin's falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay. Walker, loc. cit.

71. Chironomus brunneus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21
1878 C h i r o n o m n s Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Wiugs hairy. Head and chest brown, the latter with
the usual three stripes of a pale gray color; abdomen of a yel-

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 247

lowish brown; feelers brown; legs yellowish brown; thighs
yellow at the base; wings colorless; veins and poisers yellow.
Length of the body 1.75 lines (3-J mm.) ; of the wings 3.5 lines
(=7 mm.). St Martin's falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay.
Walker, loc. cit. ; New Jersey (Johnson).

72. Chironomus lasiopus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 19
1878 Chironomus Ost Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A.' p.21

Female.. Wings hairy. Head and chest yellow ; the usual three
stripes on the latter brown, confluent, and occupying the whole
of the back; feelers brown; scutcheon dingy yellow; hind chest
black ; abdomen brown, with a broad, dingy yellow band on the
hind border of each segment; legs clothed with short yellow
hairs; thighs yellow; shanks darker; feet brow-n; wings colorless,
with the usual spot on the disk; veins brown, poisers pale yellow.
Length of body. 2.5 lines (=5 mm.) ; of the wings, 4 lines (=8
mm.). St Martin's falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay. Walker,
loc. cit.

73. Chironomus hilaris Walker
1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt Brit. Mus. 1 : 17

Male. Wings bare. Body straw-color; head and chest tawny,
the latter produced in front, and having its usual three
stripes of a yellow color; feelers tawny; eyes black; legs brown;
thighs white towards the base; middle shanks pale yellow, ex-
cepting the base and the tips; wings white, each having a broad,
irregular, brown band across its disk; veins yellow; poisers pale
yellow. Length of the body 1.5 lines (=3 mm.) ; of the wings 3
lines (=6 mm.). Habitat unknown. Walker, loc. cit.

74. Chironomus anticus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Wings hairy. Chest a little produced in front, silky white,
with the usual three stripes of bright tawny color; abdomen pale
yellow, hairy; last two segments dull taAvny; legs pale yellow,
hairy; a tawny band round each hind thigh; tips of the thighs,
of the shanks, and of the joints of the feet, tawny ; wings whitish
from the base to the middle, pale tawny thence to the tips,
slightly fringed; poisers pale yellow. Length of body 2.5 lines
(=5 mm.) ; of Avings 4 lines (=8 mm.). Georgia. Walker, loc. cit.

75. Chironomus bimacula Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 15
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Female. Wings bare; body citron color; chest produced in
front, with the usual three stripes of orange color; a black dot

248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

at the tip of each side stripe; feelers brown; legs dingy yellow;
wings pale; veins and poisers pale yellow. Length of body 1.25
lines (=2.5 mm.); of wings 2.5 lines (=5 mm.). St Martin's
falls, Albany river, Hudson's bay. Walker, loc. cit.

76. Chironomus confinis Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 15
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Pale yellowish green; chest with the usual three lines
dull red; the middle stripe divided; hind chest brown; abdomen
green, yellowish towards the base, darker at the tip; the sides
hairy; feelers brown; legs dull yellow, hairy; wings colorless,
hairy ; veins pale brown ; poisers white.

Female. Chest yellow; middle stripe not divided; abdomen
dingy yellow. Length of the body one line (=2 mm.) ; of the
wings two lines (==4 mm.). St Martin's falls, Albany river, Hud-
son's bay. Walker, loc. cit. In the heading of the group Walker
says that the wings are bare.

77. Chironomus pellucidus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1:21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Body pale yellowish green; feelers pale brown; abdomen
and legs very hairy; wings colorless, hairy, deeply fringed; veins
dull yellow; poisers pale yellow. Length of the body f line
(=1.5 mm.) ; of the wings 1.5 line (=3 mm.). St Martin's falls
Albany river, Hudson's bay. Walker, loc cit.

78. Chironomus trichomerus Walker

1848 Chironomus Walker. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 21
1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Wings hairy. Pale greenish yellow; sides of abdomen
fringed with hairs; eyes black; feelers and legs yellow, the latter
thickly clothed with short hairs; wings whitish, deeply fringed;
poisers pale yellow. Length of the body one line (=2 mm.) ; of
the wings two lines (=4 mm.). ;St Martin's falls, Albany river,
Hudson's bay. Walker, loc. cit.

79. Chironomus sp.
(Pl.23.fig.13)

In the figure mentioned above is shown the labium of a blood
worm found in Fall creek, Ithaca N. Y., in the quiet water. This
labium resembles that of Chironomus decorus, but the
teeth are considerably longer.

MAY FLIES AXI» MIDGES OF NEW YORK 249

80. Chirononms sp.

1896 Chironomus Osborn. Bui. Iowa Exp. Station, p.405

The larvae were found in the city water at Booue, Iowa. The
larva is figured and briefly described by Osboru, loc. cit. It is
biood red, possesses the four ventral blood gills of the eleventh
segment as well as the anal gills. The figure shows the labium
with the middle tooth shorter than the first laterals; the last
laterals longer than those immediately preceding (pl.'->7, fig.26,
after Osborn).

81. Chironomus sp?
(PI. 22, flg.7)

Yellow larvae 6 or 7 mm. long from Saranac Inn N. Y. Head
pale yellow, tip of mandible and labium black. The labrum,
antennae and epipharynx resemble that of O r t h o c 1 a d i u s
shown on pi.23, fig.3. The lateral surface of the mandible is not
wrinkled; the maxillae and the labium are as shown in pi. 22, fig. 7.
The setae of the anterior pro legs are delicate, curved and appar-
ently not pectinate. The posterior appendages resemble those
shown on pl.25, fi,g.6.

82. Chirononms sp.
(P1.22, fig.22)

Larvae from Saranac Inn and from Ithaca N. V. Blood red;
length 8 to 10 mm.; resembling the larvae of C. flavicin-
gula. Differ in having the middle pair of teeth of the labium
paler than the laterals.

83. Chironomus sp.

A blood worm from Beebe lake, Ithaca N. Y. ; resembles the
larva of C. flavicingula in form, size, color, shape of
prolegs, and appendages, etc. but differs in the form of its labium,
there being an even number of teeth arranged as shown on pl.23,
fig.6.

84. Chironomus sp.

The larvae (collected at Saranac Inn N. Y.) construct loose,
black, cylindrical cases composed of sand, decaying leaves, etc.
These cases are about four times as long as wide. The length of
the larva is about 10 mm.; the maxillae resembles that shown on
pi. 22, fig.7. The margin of the labium is as shown on pi. 22, fig.21.
The eyes are each composed of two distinctly separated spots.

85. Chironomus sp.
1900 Chironomus Pettit. Mich. Acad. Sc.

The larvae are pale green in color, and very small and slender.
They were found to mine in the water-lily leaves. The insect
works by tunneling or plowing a furrow which extends from the

250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

top of the leaf to the lower epidermis. This tunnel is often
several inches in length and winds about in all directions in a
serpentine manner. . . . From the front end of this tube
the insect extends its head and feeds. . . . The pupae are
apple-green in color, as are also the adults. Michigan.

Five species of larvae of Chironomus have been described
by Garman (1888). Of these No. 1 is probably identical with C.
d e c o r u s ; No. 4 with plumosus ; the others are described

below.

86. Chironomus sp. Garinan

1888 G a r m a n . Illinois State Lab. Nat Hist. Bui. 3 :160

Larva No. 2. Length about 10 mm. Head pale brown, under
side black. Two eye specks. Labium with four teeth on each
side; median tooth shorter than the two next it. Hairs of ante-
rior pediform appendage rusty. A pair of small club-shaped
(respiratory ?) appendages at posterior edge of -the penultimate
segment. Anal papillae conspicuously enlarged distally. Illinois.

87. Chironomus sp. Garinan

1888 Garman. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bui. 3 :160

Larva No. 3. Length about six mm. A single eye speck. Pos-
terior segments without fleshy respiratory appendages. Anal
papillae apparently jointed. Illinois.

88. Chironomus sp. Garman

1888 G a r m a n . Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bui. 3 :160

Larva No. 5. A very small pupa (3 mm.) taken in August still
retained its larval skin, the labium of which differs from that of
the preceding larvae in lacking the median tooth. Its condition
would not permit of more extended comparison with the others,
and it may prove the same as (3).

Genus 39. Cricotopus V. d. Wulp
Tijdscbr. v. Entom. XVI (LXX) and XVII. 132 -
Larva. 'Small, yellowish or green in color, the anterior abdomi-
nal segments stouter than the posterior ones. Eleventh segment
without ventral blood gills. Antennae, labium, epipharynx and
labium essentially like those of Chironomus. Maxilla with
a number of mesad and cephalad projecting blades (pl.24,
fig.lwa?). Mandible frequently transversely corrugated on its
convex surface (pl.24, figs. 4 and G). The anterior feet frequently
with coarse pectinate setae.

MAY FLIES A XL) MIDGES OF NEW YORK 251

Pupa. The thoracic respiratory organs are simple, tube-like,
sometimes with enlarged extremities. Abdominal segments with
minute and short setae. The anal segment with 0 terminal setae,
three on each side.

The larvae and pupae of O r t h o <• 1 a d i u s do not seem to
differ from C r i c o t o p u s .

Imago. This genus resembles C li i r o n o m u s , from which
it is distinguishable in having the fore metatarsus a half or a third
shorter than the tibia. The last abdominal segment of the male
is much shorter than the preceding and is broader than long; the
claspers are short and broad, and usually white in color (pl.33,
tig. 2). The legs are white and black annulate, the fore tarsi are
bare or covered with very short and inconspicuous hair (in an
exceptional case the male has bearded tarsi) ; the hind tarsi are
also usually bare. The halteres are always while or pale yellow.
Wings bare, the anal angle, particularly in the male, is promi-
nent; Ri+5 is straight or slightly bent at its extremity, the cross-
vein is a little beyond the middle of the wing; the cubitus is
forked, the base of the fork a little distad of the crossvein; the
lower branch is straight or gently arched toward the hind mar-
gin : the humeral crossvein is wanting or rudimentary.

The species of this genus are all small (2 to 4 mm.) and with
black and yellow coloring1, the dorsum of the thorax has 3 shin-
ing black stripes, which sometimes are so wide as to entirely
obliterate the yellow dividing lines, so that only the humei-i remain
yellow.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CRICOTOPUS

Larvae
a, Sides of each abdominal segment with pencil of long hairs, pl.24, fig.9

3. trifasciatus
era Abdomen without such pencils

& Middle tooth of the labium longer than the first laterals, pi. 24,

figs. 1, 2, 4 4. e x i 1 i s n. sp.

&& Middle tooth about as long as the first laterals, pl.25, fig.22

6. v a r i p e s
Pupae

a Pattern upon each abdominal segment in two wide transverse bands,

resembling that shown on pl.25, fig.7 4. e x i 1 i s n. sp.

aa Not marked in this manner

b Markings as shown on pl.24, fig.7; thoracic respiratory organs as

shown on fig.8 3. trifasciata

&& Dorsum uniformly covered with minute spines 6. v a r i p e s

252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Imagines

a At least the apical half of the middle and hind femora black

& Abdominal segments with narrow white posterior margins ; fore
metatarsus about one fourth or one third shorter than its tibia

1. tremulus
&b Abdomen with wide white or yellow fasciae

c Abdomen with the first, most of the third, half of the fifth, and
posterior margins of the second and the fourth, yellow

2. gerninatus
cc Abdomen not marked in this manner

d With the fore metatarsus about one half as long as the tibia
e With yellow bands on the first, fourth and seventh segments

3. trifasciatus (var. tricinctus)
ee With yellow bands on the first, fourth and fifth segments

4. e x i 1 i s n. sp.

dd With the fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia
e With yellow bands on the first and fourth segments

5. bicinctus
ee With the first and second wholly, and a part of the third and

fourth segments yellow 6. varipes

aa Middle and hind femora for the most part yellow or white
I) With first, fourth and seventh abdominal segments yellow

3. trifasciatus
?>& Abdomen not marked in this manner

c Metatarsus of the fore legs about one half as long as the tibia ;

abdominal segments with yellow margins 7. sylvestris

cc Fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as the tibia ; abdominal
segments with brown posterior bands 8. debilis

NOTE. — Consult also the auxiliary key containing Walker's species, p.198.

In occasional (Specimens of some member® of this genus the
part which is usually yellow is found to be black. In this case,
however, the black is shining, arid easily contrasts with the vel-
vet black of the other parts.

1. Cricotopus tremulus Linne

1758 T i p u 1 a Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X. p.5S7, 23

1767 T i p u 1 a Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XII. p.975, 31

1804 C h i r o n o m u s Meigen. Klass. 1 : 15, 11

1818 Chirouonius Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:45,56

1850 C h i r o n o m u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3562, 88

1864 C h i r o n o m u s Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 611, 72

1884 Cricotopus Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3 : 202

1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith's Oat'l. Ins. N. J. p.627

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellow, with wide, posteriorly
confluent longitudinal shining black stripes; the pleura some-
times paler with black spot at the base of the wing; the scutel-

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 253

him and the metanotum shining black. The abdomen dull black,
basally and at the incisures whitish; anal segment thicker than
the preceding one ; the forceps white. Head black, the antennae
brown, its hairs lighter at the tip. Legs black or brown, ante-
rior coxae, with all the femora at their bases and wide bands on
the middle of all the tibiae white; the second and third joints of
all the tarsi also white; the fore metatarsus marked^ shorter
than the tibia. Wings grayish, in certain lights whitish.
Halteres white.

Female. Differs from the male in having darker veins in the
wings. Length 2 to 3 mm. New Jersey (Johnson).

Translation from Schiner, loc. cit.

2. Cricotopus geminatus Say.

1823 Chironoinus Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 3:14,4

1859 C h i r o n o m u s Say. Coinpl. Wr. 2 : 42, 4

1878 C h i r o n o m u s Ost. Sack. Oat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith's Cat'l. Ins. N. J. p. 627

Thorax fuscous; pleura gray; abdomen white, annulate with
black. Humerus gray, the color being a continuation of that of
the pleura; pectus livid; feet white; thighs blackish, pale at the
base; tibia at base and tip, and tarsi at tip fuscous; abdomen with
three broad double bands, formed thus: second segment fuscous
with the exception of the posterior margin, third segment fus-
cous on the basal margin, fourth segment fuscous excepting the
posterior edge, fifth segment fuscous on the basal half, sixth and
seventh segments entirely fuscous. Length 3-20 of an inch
(3.75 mm.). Pennsylvania. Say, loc. cit. New Jersey (John-
son).

3. Cricotopus trifasciatus Panzer

1813 Ohironomns Paiiz. Faun. Germ. p. 109, 18

1818 Chironoinus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:42,50

1850 C h i r o n o m u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3556, 83

1864 C h i r o n o m u s Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:610

1818 C h i r o n o m u s t r i c i n e t u s Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 41, 49

1850 Chironoinus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3555, 82

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 610

1874 Cricotopus V. d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 17 : 132

1877 Cricotopus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p. 272, 3

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Oat'l. Dipt N. A. p.21

(P1.24, figs. 5 to 10 ; pl.29, fig.15)

Larva. The larva is yellowish with a brownish or reddish
tinge. Some are wholly yellow. Length 4 to 5 mm. This larva
differs from all others thus far examined in having a bunch of
long, fine, pale yellow hairs (pi .24, fig.9) near each lateral margin

254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of each of the abdominal segments. The hair tufts are about as
long a.s a single body segment, excepting on segments one and
two, where they are shorter or entirely wanting. The head is
brown, about 1.5 times as long as wide; antennae, labrum, and
epipharynx resembling those shown on pl.25, fig.3; the setae at
the apex of the labrum longer than shown here. Mandibles
(pl.24, fig.6) with a branched basal and two simple dorsal setae;
convex side wrinkled. Maxillae (fig.5) with short palpus, a few
papillae and a tuft of mesad projecting setae. The labiuui (fig.5)
somewhat triangular, having a toothed outline as shown in the
figure. Prothoracic feet with numerous curved yellowish brown
setae. Abdominal setae as described above. The anal prolegs
and appendages were destroyed in the few specimens which I
have.

Pupa. Length 8 to 4 mm. with black and yellow markings of
the adult showing through the integument. Each prothoracic
respiratory organ is slender, nearly cylindrical, with smooth sur-
face and rounded ends, its length about 0.25 inni. (fig.8.). The
markings of the second, third and fourth abdominal segments as
shown in fig.7. The fifth, sixth and seventh are similarly though
much less plainly marked. The markings on each segment con-
sist of a large area of very minute caudad projecting setae with
a few scattered bare patches, a transverse band of stouter caudad
projecting setae near the posterior margin and a band of cephalad
projecting setae upon the margin. The latter band is particu-
larly conspicuous on the second segment. The caudal appendage
is quite small, and is provided with three pale setae on each
posterior angle (fig.10, which also shows the male genitalia of
the enclosed imago).

Imago, male. Dorsum of the thorax yellow, with three wide
nearly confluent shining black stripes; a spot on each pleuron,
the scutellum, sternum and the metathorax also black. The
abdomen dull black, the first, fourth and seventh segment with
pale yellow cross bands ; besides this the posterior margins of the
other segments narrowly white; anal segment thicker than the
others ; forceps white. Head yellow ; the palpi black ; the antennae
brown, its hairs white at the tip. Legs black, the fore coxae, the
bases of all the femora, a broad band on each tibia whitish; the
fore tarsi black or brown, each middle tarsus with its two basal
joints, and each hind tarsus with three basal joints white. Meta-
tarsi of the fore legs of the male only one half as long as the
tibiae. Wings whitish.

Female. Abdomen more yellowish ; one may say, abdomen yel-
low with three black fasciae, the two anterior ones each divided
by the light colored incisures; the legs also with more yellow.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Length 3 to 4 mm. Schiner, loc. cit. (tricinctus). North Amer-
ica (O. S.) ; Ithaca N. Y.; Chicago 111.

"The variety with less black. The thoracic stripes narrower, and
the femora only black at the tip, is known as var. t r i f a s c i a -
tus". V.d.Wulp (1877).

4. Cricotopus exilis n. sp.
(P1.24, figs. 1-4; pl.29, flg.16; pl.33, fig.2)

Larva. The yellowish green larvae were taken from the rocky
bottom of the shallow but swift, Fall creek water at Ithaca N. Y.
Length, 4 to 5 mm. In most of its details the larva is like that
shown on pl.25, figs. 12 to 15 ; but I fail to find a seta on each side
at the base of the labhmi. The lateral surface of the mandible
is wrinkled (fig.4), and the curved setae of the epipharynx are
more prominent (fig.2) ; neither are the oblique wrinkles below
the teeth of the labium present. Claws of anterior prolegs are
coarse and pectinate.

Pupa. The pupa is yellowish with black; the colors of the
adult showing through the integument. Length about 2 mm.
The markings of the abdominal segments resemble those shown
on pl.25, fig.7. The caudal appendages consist of the genital sacks
and the three setae at the end of each lateral process of the anal
segment.

Imago, female. Head, occiput and upper half of front blackish,
the narrow horizontal space above the antennae and face bright
yellow; palpi brownish; probocis yellow; antennae brown, the
two basal joints yellowish, antennal hairs whitish with an
occasional black one. Thorax dusky yellow with three wide
shining black stripes, the median one much abbreviated behind,
and very narrowly divided posteriorly by a yellow stripe, lateral
stripes much abbreviated in front. Pleura yellow with 4 brown-
ish spots or bars at base of wings; pectus yellowish brown;
scutellum and metanotum black, the latter with a very narrow
yellow median line. Abdomen black and yellow, its dorsum with
yellow markings as follows : First segment, narrow basal margin
•of second, very narrow apical margin of third, all of the fourth
and fifth except brownish clouds among the marginal setae, sixth,
seventh and eighth faintly at base and apex, and all of anal seg-
ment; thus leaving most of the second, third, sixth, seventh and
eighth blackish. Genitalia white. Sides of abdomen and venter
sordidly yellow, darkened apical ly. Near the posterior margin of
each segment there is a row of black setae, excepting on the first
segment, where they are paler colored. Coxae yellowish. The
basal one fourth of the fore and basal one half of middle and hind

256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

femora, yellow; the remainder of the femora black, but the line
of division not sharply marked. Fore tibiae white with black
bases and tips; middle and hind tibiae yellow with black tips, and
sometimes bases also. Fore tarsi dark brown; middle and hind
ones yellowish brown, each joint darkened apically; fore meta-
tarsus about one half as long as its tibia. Wings bare and spot-
less, veins yellow. Venation as figured. Halteres yellow.

Male. Like the female but with less yellow; antennae brown
with yellow basal joints, hairs pale brownish; genitalia white,
length 1.5 to 2 mm. Ithaca, N. Y.

5. Cricotopus bicinctus Meigen.

1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Besclir. 1:41,48

1850 Chirouonius Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3553, 81

1864 Chironomus Scliiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 610

1874 Cricotopus V. d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 17 : 132

1877 Oricotopus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.271, 2

1830 Chironomus dizonias Meig. Syst. Beschr. 6 : 252, 101

Head with the antennae and mouth parts black, the antennal
hairs of the male whitish at the tip. Thorax shining black with
yellow humeral spots (male) or yellow with wide sometimes con-
fluent longitudinal lines (female) ; scutellum, metanotum, sternum
black. Abdomen black, the first and the fourth segments and in
the female the venter also, yellow; the claspers of male snow
white. Legs black, fore coxae and the bases of the femora pale
yellow; each tibia on its middle section, together with the hind
tarsi, except the tips of the joints, white; fore metatarsus one
third shorter than its tibiae. Wings whitish, the anterior wing
veins and the crossveins pale brown (pl.29, fig.17). Length 21/4
to 3 mm. V. d. Wulp. loc. cit.

Several specimens from Ithaca. N. Y., agree perfectly with this
description. In one or two specimens of the male, the yellow
humenal spot is indistinct, and in another it is wanting. In some
specimens also the hind legs are pale brown, so that the white
tibial ring is conspicuous only on the fore legs. In some female
specimens the thoracic stripes are brownish.

6. Cricotopus varipes Coquillett
1902 Cricotopus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25:93

Larva. Yellowish, or with a greenish tinge. The body tapers
both toward the head and caudal end; hence the middle body
segments are of greater diameter. Length 6 to 7 mm. Head
dark brown, labrum, and epipharynx resembling C. e x i 1 i s , the

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 257

epipharynx with several pairs of rather stout curved spines,
besides several small setae; the lateral arms stout, with black
apices. The mandibles wholly black, with the lateral surface
faintly wrinkled, apical tooth long and slender. Antennae and
labruin as with 0 . e x i 1 i s and Onthocladius fugax
(see pl.25, fig.3). The labium and maxillae as shown on pl.25,
fig.22. Each eye consists of two spots nearly in contact, the
anterior spot much smaller than the posterior. Setae of the
anterior prolegs are coarse, curved, but apparently not pectinate.
Posterior appendages resembling those shown on pl.25, fig.6.

Pupa. Colors yellow and black. Length about 5 mm. Respira-
tory organ not discovered in the single specimen in my possession.
Dorsuni of abdominal segments uniformly covered with minute
spines. Anal appendage like that of C. e x i 1 i s.

Imago, male. (P1.29, fig.18.) Head and its members black,
hairs of antennae gray; thorax black, mesouotum highly polished;
metanotum and scutelluin opaque, velvet black ; abdomen velvet
black, the first two segments and the hind margins of the following-
two polished yellow; genitalia yellow; femora black, the extreme
bases and trochanters yellow, front tibiae and tarsi brown, the
former with a broad median white band, other tibiae and tarsi
yellow, their apices brownish, legs only pubescent, first joint of
front tarsi two thirds as long as the tibiae; wings whitish hyaline;
small crossvein slightly darker than the adjacent veins, K4+-
almost straight; halteres yellow; length 2.5 mm. Great Falls,
Md. Coquillet, loc. cit.

Female. Like the male excepting for sexual characters. The
white band on the fore tibiae is nearer the base than the tip, so
that the black at the basal articulation is much less than at the
apical end. The yellow margins of the third and fourth abdominal
segments are quite narrow, and nearly wanting in some specimens.
The thorax of the female is more brownish, polished, with pleura
and humeri paler, sometimes yellowish. Male and female from
Saranac Inn, N. Y., Ithaca, N. Y., Washington State.

7. Cricotopus sylvestris Fabricius

1794 T i p u 1 a Fabr. Enf. Syst. p.252, 89

1805 O h i r o n o niu s Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.47, 46

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 43, 53

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scancl. 9 : 3558, 85

1864 Chironomus Scliiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 611

1874 Cricotopus V. cl. Wulp. Ti.jds. v. Ent 17 : 132

1877 Cricotopus V. d. Wulp. Dipt Neerl. p.274, S

1899 Cricotopus Johnson, in Smith's Cat'l. Ins. N. J. p.627

2.")S NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

1820 Chironomus triannulatus Macq. Recueil Soc. Sc. Agri.

Lille, p.202, 30

] 838 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 7 : 9, 139
1804 Chironomus vibrato rius Meigen. Klass. 1 : 16, 13

Male. Dorsum of the thorax yellow, with three black stripes,
often confluent posteriorly, a spot on each pleuron, the scutel-
Inni, sternum and the metanotum shining black. The abdomen
black, the base and the iucisures yellowish or whitish, the incis-
ures of the fourth and fifth segments usually wider, fascia-like;
in fact the markings of the abdomen somewhat variable; the anal
segment wide; the forceps white. Head brownish yellow; the
palpi darker; antennae brown, its hairs lighter at the tips. Legs
black, the fore coxae and femora narrowly white at the bases,
each tibia with a wide white or yellow band at the middle, middle
femora with the bases widely yellowish, hind femora whitish to
the tip; fore tarsi all black or brown; middle tarsi to the third,
the hind tarsi to the fourth joint whitish ; metatarsus of the fore
leg about one half as long as its tibia. Wings whitish ; venation
as figured (pl.29, fig.19).

Female. The female has the base of the abdomen and the venter
yellow, the incisures being whitish. Length 2 to 3 mm. Schiner,
loc. cit. New Jersey (Johnson). Some specimens from Chicago,
111., agree perfectly with the above descriptions.

8. Cricotopus debilis Williston

1898 Orthocladius Will. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p.275

(Pl.29, fig.20)

Male. Red or reddish yellow. Plumosity of the antennae
brownish-black. Mesonotum with three shining brown spots or
stripes, narrowly separated. Abdomen slender; each segment
with brown posterior band. Legs yellow; front femora brown on
distal end ; front tibiae light yellow on the proximal half or two
fifths, dark brown on the distal portion, about one third longer
than the corresponding metatarsi ; front tarsi infuscated; the four
posterior femora somewhat infuscated distally. Wings hyaline.
Length 2.5 to :> mm. Williston, loc. cit. St Vincent Island.

I have examined a cotype specimen of this species now in the
Cornell university collectiDii, and find that it should be included
with Cricotopus, instead of with Orthocladius as
Professor Williston has it ; unless, as the Abbe Kieffer has already
pointed out, Cricotopus should be considered as a synonym
of Orthocladius.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK. 259

Genus 40. Camptocladius V. d. Wulp
Tijdschr. v. Eutomol. XVI (LXX) ; XVII, 133

Kesembles in most respects Cricotopus; the fore meta-
tarsus is shorter than its tibia; the anal segment of the male is
short and broad, the claspers white with white hairs. Legs uui-
eolored, at least not white and black annulate. The halteres of
most of the known species are dark. Wings bare, R4+5 is bent
upwards, sometimes short and ending noticeably before the end
of the costa, or running close to it for a distance, the cell R4_f.5
therefore quite broad ; the crossvein usually on or proximad of the
mid length of the wing; the cubitus forked, the base of the fork
usually noticeably distad of the crossvein ; the lower branch sinuous
(])].:!(!, li.gs. 1 to 4). Usually small black species from 1.5 to 3 mm.
in length. In olhcr respects like C h i r o n o m u s.

The larvae of some species have been found in dung. Accord-
ing to Arribalzaga the palpus in Camptocladius has but
one joint; in all the species that I have seen there are four joints
as in O h i r a n o m u. s .

KEY TO SPECIES OF CAMPTOCLADIUS

Imagines

a Thorax with more or less yellow

/> Abdomen and thorax yellow, the latter with three wide blackish lines ;

wings slightly hairy (Greenl.) 1. graminicola

bit Abdomen pale fuscous, or fuscous

c Anterior crossvein is about one third the wing length from the base ;
thorax yellow, black-striped; abdomen pale fuscous, more yellow-
ish anteriorly ; legs yellow ; length 1.5 mm. ; female

2. Camptocladius sp.
cc Anterior crossvein is two fifths wing length from the base ; abdomen

fuscous ; length 2 mm 3. f u m o s u s n. sp.

aa Thorax wholly black

~b The crossvein is noticeably proximad of the fork of the cubitus
c Fore metatarsus about one third shorter than its tibia

d 11^-, not parallel to the costa, the cell above it quite distinct;

wings hyaline, whitish ; length 2 mm 4. aterrimus

ild ll^ long, and curves so as to be nearly parallel to the costa,
nearly obliterating the cell above it, especially toward the apex ;
wing often with a slightly smoky tint ; body subshming ; no
black dash at the base of the wing ; length 1.5 mm.

7. minimus
cc Fore metatarsus about one half as long as its tibia

d Fore legs pubescent, middle and hind ones sparsely short pilose;
palpi black, thorax black, lightly cinereous, with two rows of
yellowish hairs; wings white; length 1.75 to 2.25mm. (Green-
land) :...5. puinilio

dd Not as described above

260 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

e The posterior branch of the radius ends far before the tip of
the wing; wing milk white with a short black bar at its
base; antennae of the male with pale hairs; length 1.5 to

2 mm 6. bysinnus

ee RI+S moderately long ; peduncle of the halteres pale ; wing milky
white ; antennae and palpi black (Greenland) . . .8. p a r v u s
&& Crossvein but little if any proximad of the fork of the cubitus.
Greenland species

c Middle legs very pilose 9. velutinus

cc Middle tibiae and tarsi nearly bare 10. e x t r e m u s

NOTE — Compare also the auxiliary key containing Walker's species on

p.198

1. Camptocladius graminicola Lundbeck

1898 Ghironomus Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. p.278, 59
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1 :214

Male. Thorax yellow, subshining, with three blackish brown
stripes, the middle one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly
abbreviated ; the pleura yellow, the pectus blackish brown, scutel-
Inra yellow, metathorax brown. The abdomen yellow, with yellow
hairs, toward the tip sometimes a little darkened. The antennae
yellow or pale brown, the palpi yellow. The legs also yellow or
pale brown. The halteres yellow; the wings white, the anal lobe
moderately produced, obtuse-angled, the veins pale, toward the
costal border a little darker. The vein R^ is straight, the costa
is produced a little beyond the tip of the wing, M is almost
straight, and runs into the tip of the^wing, the cubitus forks
under the crossvein, its upper branch enters the wing margin
under the tip of R4+3; its lower branch is suddenly deflected.
The middle and hind legs are yellow pilose, the fore pair
pubescent, the anterior metatarsus a little shorter than the tibia.

Female. Similar to the male, but shorter, and also paler in
color; the antennae shorter than the thorax, the abdomen pale
yellow, the posterior margins of the segments darker, the wings
wider, and finally, the tip of the wing very thinly haired. Green-
land. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

The male has a few very indistinct hairs upon its wing near the
apex ; the hairs upon the wing of the female are rather more con-
spicuous. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

From this statement it appears that this species might with
propriety have been classed with Metriocnemus.

2. Camptocladius sp.

(P1.30, fig.l)

Female. A single specimen from Lake Forest 111. resembles the
next species. C. f u m o s u s , but differs in being paler or more
yellowish, and in having the small crossvein at about one third
the wing length from the base. Length 1.5 mm.

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 261

3. Camptocladius fumosus n. sp.
(P1.30, flg.2)

Male. Fuscous. Head and palpi dusky yellowish, occiput gray-
ish ; antennae wholly fuscous, the hairs brown. Dorsum of thorax
with three wide subsuming black or dark brown stripes, the an-
terior margin, the humeri, the narrow lines separating the dorsal
stripes, and the pleura yellow, the scutellura brownish yellow :
sternum and metauotum subshining brown or blackish. Abdomen
and genitalia uniformly fuscous, with pale hairs. Legs pale fus-
cous, the bases of the femora yellow. Hairs pale. Front meta-
tarsus about one half as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline with a
yellowish tinge; the fork of the cubitus is beyond the crossvein;
tip of K4-f.- is rather dose to the tip of the wing and distad of the
extremity of On,. Halteres yellow. Length 2 mm. Ithaca N. Y.

4. Camptocladius aterrimus Meigen
1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1:47,59
1839 Chironomus Staeger. Kroj. Tidsskr. 2 : 578, 61
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3573, 99
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 612

1874 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17 : 133

1877 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.276

Velvet black. Antennae, legs and halteres black, plume of the
antennae of the male blackish, with a whitish shimmer near
the tip. Fore metatarsus about one third shorter than its tibia.
Wings Avhitish, the anterior veins pale brown, the others uncol-
ored, without a short black longitudinal dash at the root of the
wing, R^- gradually bent toward the costa and joining it not far
from the end; the posterior branch of the cubitus somewhat less
bent than in 0, by s sin us; length 2.25 mm. Fork of the
cubitus noticeably distad of the crossvein. Y. d. Wulp, loc. cit.
Greenland; Staeger. loc. cit.; Michigan; New Jersey.

5. Camptocladius pumilio Holmgren

1869 Chironomus Holm-. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 41

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.276, 57
1902 Camptocladius Kert'esz. Cat'l. Dipt. p.l:215

Male. Thorax black, lightly cinereous, subshining, posteriorly
with two cinereous, strongly approximated stripes, with yellow
pile arranged in two rows. Abdomen black or fuscous black,
the base sometimes paler, shining, and with yellow pile. The
antennae a little longer than the thorax (not shorter as Holm-
gren has it). The palpi are black; the legs are more or less
brown. The halteres are fuscous black, with the peduncle some-
times sordidly white. The wings are whitish hyaline, the anal

262 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

lobes moderately produced, rounded, obtuse angled; the veins
toward the costal border are brown, the others thin and pale,
both branches of the radius curved ; the costa does not extend
beyond the tip of the vein E4-f-, the media runs into the margin
of the wing a little beyond the tip, cubitus forks far distad of the
crossvein, its anterior branch ends in the posterior margin of
the wing a little proximad of the end of E^-u-, the posterior branch
is suddenly deflected. The middle and hind legs are sparsely
pilose, the fore pair is pubescent; the metatarsus of the fore legs
is but little more than one half as long as its tibia.

Female. The antennae shorter than the thorax, the wings
shorter and wider, the veins a little more distinct, the media more
curved, and the abdomen more robust; everything else as with the
male. Length, male and female, 1.75 to 2.25 mm. Greenland.
Lundbeck, loc. cit.

6. Camptocladius byssinus Schrank

1803 Tip u la Schrank. Fauna Boica. 3:76,2330

1818 C h i r o n o m u s Meigen. Syst Beschr. 1 : 46, 58

1845 Chironoinus Staeger. Krojer. Naturh. Tids. n. s. 1 :352, 7

1850 C h i r o n o in u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3572, 98

1864 C h i r o n o m u s Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 612

1874 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Ti jdschr. v. Ent. 17 : 133

1877 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p. 276

1878 C b i r o n o m u s Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt N. A. p.20.
1898 C h i r o u o m u s Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.273, 53

Velvet black; antennae brownish, plume of the male antenna
whitish. Legs blackish brown or pitchy, the hind legs hairy, the
fore metatarsus about one half as long as its tibia, the remaining
joints in decreasing lengths. Halteres black. Wings milk white,
with almost colorless veins excepting at the root of the wing,
where there is a short black dash (the basal portion of R) ; R4-j-.-,
short, bent toward the costa, which it enters far from its ex-
tremity (pi. 30, fig.3) ; the cell E2+3 hence quite wide even near
its apical end; posterior branch of the cnbitus sinuous; fork of
the cnbitus noticeably distad of the crossvein. Length 1.75 to
2.25 mm. V. d. Wulp, loc. cit. New Jersey. (Johnson, 1809) ;
Greenland (Staeger and Lundbeck) ; Ithaca N. Y., Michigan,
Washington State, Alaska.

7. Camptocladius minimus Meigen

1818 C li i r n n o m u s Meip:. Syst. Beschr. 1 :47. (11

1S50 C h i r o n o m u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3573, 100

1864 C h i r o n o in u s Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :612

1874 C a in p t o c 1 a dins V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent 17 : 133

1877 Camptocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.277

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 263

Black, slightly shining-. Antennae black, the plumes of the
male dark brown. Legs blackish or pitchy or even yellowish
brown; the fore metatarsus one third shorter than its tibia. Hal-
teres black. Wings with a grayish tint; the anterior veins pale
brown, the others nncolored; no black dash at root of wing; R4-f-5
bent upwards toward (lie costa and for a short distance appears
lo coalesce so that at a casual glance it appears thickened at the
end; posterior branch of cu.bilus not so strongly bent as in
byssinus; fork of the cubitus noticeably distad of the cross-
vein, pl.30, fig.4. Length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. Ithaca N. Y.; Idaho.
Larva found in dung (Howard, 1001).

8. Camptocladius parvus Lundbeck

18US C h i r o n o m u s Liiinlh. Vidensk. Meddel. p.275, 55
1002 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1:215

Female. Thorax black, somewhat shining, with two sometimes
indistinct cinereous stripes, or with three black stripes, the mid-
dle one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly, abbreviated. The
scutellum is brown, the abdomen is black or fuscous, slightlv vel-

cu tJ */

low pilose. The antennae and palpi are dark. The legs are brown,
more or less pale. The halteres are dark, the peduncle and the
base of the knob sordidly white. The wings are hyaline, in cer-
tain lights clear white, pruinose or milky, the posterior margin
long ciliated, the anal lobe but little produced, rounded; the veins
pale and thin; the radius is somewhat brownish, its anterior
branch is short, and runs into the costa near the middle of the
wing; its posterior branch is nearly straight, the media curves
towards the tip and runs into it, the cubitus forks somewhat
distad of the crossvein, its posterior branch is suddenly deflected,
the anterior branch and the main trunk are about of equal length.
The middle and hind legs are distinctly pilose, the anterior meta-
tarus is one half the length of its tibia. Length 1.5 mm. Green-
laud. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

9. Camptocladius velutinus Lundbeck

1898 C h i r o n o m n s Luudb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.274, 54
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1:215

This species resembles C . byssinus and C . minimus,
but differs from the former in having smoky wings and in being
smaller; from the latter in having shorter metatarsi, and from
each in its wing venation.

Female. Thorax black, velvety, with two indistinct longitudinal
stripes, anteriorly continent; the abdomen black, velvety, sparsely
yellow, pilose; the scutellum brown. Antennae and palpi dark.

264 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The legs black or blackish brown. The halteres are dark, peduncle
and base of knob sometimes sordidly white. The wings gray or
smoky, the anal 'lobe moderately produced into an obtuse angle;
the veins are thin and pale, the radius is dark, Rrt5 almost
straight, the costa extends a little beyond the tip, the media runs
into the tip of the wing, the fork of the cubitus is about opposite
the crossvein, its posterior branch suddenly deflected. The middle
and hind legs are very pilose, the fore metatarsus is about one
half the length of its tibia. Length, 1.5 mm. Greenland. Lund-
beck, loc. cit.

10. Camptocladius extremus Holmgren

1869 Chironomus Holrugr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 40
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.276, 56
1902 Camptocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1:214
1865 Chironomus aterrinius Bohem. 6fv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh.
p.575, 21, part

Male. Black, silky. Antennae fuscous black. Wings whitish
hyaline, toward the costa subinf uscated ; the halteres fuscous
black, the legs the same color.

Female. Black, cinereous pruinose. The antennae pilose, the
legs fuscous black. Wings somewhat cinereous toward the costa,
subinfuscated. Halteres dark.

Male and female. Wings moderately wide, bare, the margins
ciliated, the anterior veins stronger and darker than the others,
which are pale and thin ; there are two distinct spurious costal
veins (folds?) ; a short subcostal vein is usually present. The
fork of the cubitus is a little distad of the crossvein, Cu2 much
curved ; R4+5 ends very near the tip of the wing. The legs of the
male have longer pile than those of the female ; in both sexes the
tibiae and the tarsi of the fore and middle legs nearly bare. The
fore tibiae rather long, straight, thickened at the base ; fore meta-
tarsus one half or at least one third shorter than its tibia. Length
about 1.5 mm. Greenland. Holmgren, loc. cit.

This species is closely related to C. byssinus, but it differs
in that the base of the fork of the cubitus lies under the crossvein
or but little distad of it. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

Genus 41. Orthocladius Van der Wulp
Tijdscbr. v. Entomol. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 132
The larvae and pupae greatly resemble those of C r i c o t o -
pus, and I have been unable to find a single character which
will separate all the species of the one genus from those of the
other.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 265

Imago. Resembles Cricotopus and Camptocladius.
The fore metatarsus is shorter than the tibia; the legs are not
black and white annulate, but nearly uniform in color, either
dark or light, in the latter case at most with only dark articula-
tions. Wings bare, R! enters the costa beyond the mid length of
the wing; R44.5 straight or only slightly bent, reaching the end
of the costa; crossvein at or even before the mid-length of the
wing; the forking of the cubitus usually noticeably distad of the
crossvein; the posterior branch straight or gently curved. Geni-
talia of the type shown on pl.33, fig.l, thus resembling Cricoto-
pus (fig.2). The species usually small, though occasionally of
moderate size. In other respects like Chironoinus. It will
be noted that it does not differ structurally from Cricotopus,
differing only in color characters.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ORTHOCLADITJS

Larvae
a, Mandible slender with sharp apex ; antennae slender ; margin of labium

irregular, pl.24, fig.12 5. f 1 a v u s n. sp.

aa Mandible rather stout ; margin of labium with regular teeth

b First laterals of the labium notched on the outer margin; mandible

with lateral surface wrinkled 15. f u g a x n. sp.

&& First laterals with rounded margins

c Labium on the lower surface with two converging folds, pl.25, fig.14

7. sordidellus
cc Labium without these folds, pl.24, fig.21 8. n i v o r i u n d u s

Pupae
a Posterior margin of each abdominal segment with a row of long stout

setae, pl.24, figs. 15 and 16 5. f 1 a v u s n. sp.

aa The segments without these setae

& Dorsal surface of each segment nearly uniformly covered with minute
spines and four pairs of setae; respiratory organ with enlarged

apical end, pl.24, figs. 22, 23, 24 8. n i v o r i u n d u s

?>& Dorsal surface with several transverse patches of minute spines

c The patch covering the center of the disk of each segment largest,

pl.25, figs. 7 and 11 15. f u g a x n. sp.

cc The middle band consists of two irregular rows of short stout spines

7. sordidellus
Imagines
a Yellowish species. (The females, and the species with brown abdomens,

should be sought for in the next section also. )

6 Large species G mm. in length ; yellow ; thorax with three dark yellow
or brown stripes ; abdomen with two brown spots on each segment ;
male 1. par

266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

66 Smaller species with pale or yellowish brown abdomen ; if not, then

abdomen is without distinct spots
c Thoracic stripes black

d Thorax yellow ; three vittae on mesonotum, spot below each wing,
the pectus and metanotuni black, mesonotnm highly polished,
scutellum brownish yellow ; legs brown, fore metatarsus three
fourths as long as its tibia ; length 2.5 mm. ; abdomen pale

brown; male. (District of -Columbia) 2. p o 1 i t u s

eld Abdomen fuscous black ; legs brownish ; length 3 mm. ; female.

( See sordidellus also) 3. f r i g i d u s

cc Thoracic stripes brown or reddish

d Abdomen of male with spots on sides of last two segments. East-
ern species 4. o c e a n i c u s

dd Abdomen not spotted

e Species having black tibiae and tarsi ; length 3.5 to 4 mm.

5. f 1 a v u s u. sp.
ee Tibiae and tarsi yellow or pale fuscous ; smaller species

f Minute yellow species having the crossvein of the wing at the

basal third ; length .75 to 1 mm G. s o r d e n s n. sp.

ff Larger species with the crossvein beyond the basal third of the

wing ; length 2 to 3 nun 7. sordidellus

aa Blackish or fuscous species

6 Wings with an hourglass-shaped spot 20. c 1 e p s y d r u s

66 Wings not so marked ; halteres dark ,

c Wings slightly smoky in both sexes ; for metatarsus over .6 as long

as its tibia
d Fore legs of male long haired; thorax of female anteriorly with

yellow spots 19. b a r b i c o r n i s

dd Fore legs of male nearly bare ; thorax of female blackish

8. u i v o r i u n d u s

cc Wings of the male at least, milk white; fore metatarsus about one
half as long as its tibia ; larva terrestrial. . .9. s t e r c o r a r i u s
666 Wings not so marked ; halteres white or pale

c Legs pale ; thorax with three stripes, sometimes indistinct

(i. The fore metatarsus about one half as long as its tibia ; hind
tibiae and tarsi scarcely pubescent ; length 1 to 1.3 mm.

10. a t o ni a r i u s
dd Fore metatarsus more than one half as long as its tibia

e Thorax yellow with three brown stripes ; scutellum yellow,
metathorax black ; abdomen brownish, or sordidly yellow ;
legs pale yellow, tipped with black; wings white; length 2 to

4 mm 7. sordidellus

ee Usually smaller species (2.5mm. or less) and otherwise not as

above

f Fork of the cubitus under the crossvein
g Fore metatarsus a little shorter than its tibia; thorax,
including scutellum and pleura, yellow, the three stripes,
pectus and metanotum brown ; abdomen fuscous, base and
venter yellowish ; length 2 to 2.25 mm. (Greenland)

11. difficilis

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 267

gg Fore metatarsus 0.6 as long as its tibia; female with a

peculiar egg guide, pl.33, fig.7 12. a b s u r d u s n. sp.

ff Fork of cubitus distad of crossvein

ff Rj-fc enters tbe wing margin far proximad of tip of Cut;

length 1.25 to 2 mm. (Greenland) 13. claripennis

gg R4-fs enters wing margin distad of CUi

h Small blackish species 1 to 1.5 mm. long; fore metatar-
sus a little shorter than its tibia 14. m i n u t u s

1th Species 2 to 2.5mm. long; greenish black; fore metatar-
sus a little over one half as long as its tibia

15. f u g a x n. sp.
cc Legs fuscous or black ; thorax of male usually not striped ;

antennae black
d Small black species 1 to 1.5 mm. in length ; fore metatarsus a

little shorter than its tibia 14. m i n u t u s

dd Larger species 2.5 to 3 mm. in length

e Fourth tarsal joint obcordate, shorter than the fifth. (For

description see genus Thalassoniyia) platypus

ec Fourth tarsal joint linear

f Fore metatarsus at least three fourths as long as its tibia
g Anterior tarsi of the male densely hairy ; wings white ;
veins fuscous at bnse; abdomen subshining black ; length

3 mm 16. p u b i t a r s i s

gg Fore tarsi of the male nearly bare ; last three abdominal
segments with pale margins ; thorax of the female
striped. (Compare also sordidellus)

3. f r i g i d u s

ff Fore metatarsus not more than two thirds as long as its tibia
g Wings whitish hyaline, a little darker in the female; abdo-
men fuscous, with fuscous hairs

17. o b u m b r a t u s n. sp.

gg Wings cinereous ; abdomen velvet black with the margins of
the segments shining black ; fork of the cubitus under or
but very slightly beyond the crossvein 18. b a s a 1 i s

NOTE — Consult' also the auxiliary key of Walker's species on p. 198

1. Orthocladius par Coquillett
1901 Orthocladius Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat Mus. 23 : 608

Male. Yellow, the antennae except the basal joint, apices of
front femora, of their tibiae and of their first two tarsal joints,
the whole of the remaining joints, also the last two on the other
tarsi, brown ; a pair of rather large black spots on abdominal seg-
ments two to eleven (sic.) ; mesonotum marked with three darker
yellow vittae, hairs of antennae bright yellow, becoming brownish
at their apices; front tarsi destitute of long hairs, the fourth joint
more than one third as long as the first; wings bare, whitish hya-
line, the portion in front of R± and R4+. dark gray, the veins
brownish ; length 6 mm. Riverton, N. J. Coquillett, loc. cit.

268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

2. Orthocladius politus Coquillett
1902 Orthocladius Cog. Proc. U. S. Nat Mus. 25 :93

Male. Head j-ellow, antennae brown, its hairs yellowish brown ;
thorax yellow, the three vittae on mesonotum, spot below each
wing, the breast and metanotum black, mesonotum highly polished,
scutellum brownish yellow, polished, its base opaque blackish;
abdomen yellowish brown, becoming darker toward the apex ; legs
brown, trochanters and extreme bases of femora yellow, middle
and hind tibiae and bases of their tarsi dull yellowish, legs only
pubescent, fourth tarsal joint slender, as long as the fifth, first
joint of front tarsi three fourths as long as the tibiae; wings
hyaline, small crossvein not darker than the adjacent veins, R4+5
almost straight; halteres yellow; length, 2.5 mm. Washington
D. C. Coquillett, loc. cit. ; New Jersey, (Johnson).

3. Orthocladius frigidus Ze tiers tedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.812, 14

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3516, 33

1872 Chironomus Holmgr. 6'fv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. 29 : 105

187S Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.279, 61

1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1:218

Male and female. Black, subopaque, dorsum of the thorax in
the male with a testaceous margin ; in the female testaceous with
three separated black stripes; the wings cinereous hyaline; the
antennae and the legs fuscous. Length 3 mm.

Black, somewhat opaque, and but slightly pubescent. The an-
tennal hairs of the male fuscous black. The thorax pale fuscous
underneath, the dorsum with three stripes ; these in the male are
dilated and confluent, in the female separated, black in color, as
is also the metathorax; scutellum yellow. Abdomen of the male
narrow, of the female more robust ; in both sexes it is black, some-
what hairy; the last three segments with pale apical margins.
Wings subhyaline, spotless, the crossvein and the radius subfus-
cous. Halteres white. The legs wholly fuscous black, tibiae and
tarsi slightly paler; somewhat pubescent; fore metatarsus about
one fourth shorter than its tibia; fore tarsi bare. Greenland
(Staeger, Holmgren and Lundbeck).

According to Lundbeck (1898,p.280) the species which Staeger
(1815, p.354) mentions is not O . frigidus but O . p u b i -
t a r s i s Zett.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 269

4. Orthocladius ( ?) oceanicus Packard

1869 Cbironomus Packard. Proc. and Conirnun. Essex Inst. 6 : 42
1878 Chironornus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. p.2l

Larva. It is pale whitish in color, the thoracic rings being
tinged on their harder parts with green. It is .22 to .25 of an
inch in length. The labium is somewhat triangular and multiden-
tate on the anterior side. This larvae differs from fresh-water
larvae of the same genus from Lake Champlain in not having the
three-jointed filamentous appendages inserted just above the anal
legs. The pair of anal legs is well-developed, and terminates in
a single crown of hooks, which can be retracted entirely out of
sight. In the fore legs the hooks are much more numerous and
arranged in longitudinal rows, about twenty-five in number; those
on the upper side of the tip being much the largest, those at the
base being minute (pl.34, figs. 17, 18, 19).

Pupa. There are no thoracic filaments, nor is the abdomen
terminated with hairs, but the genital armor is well-developed.

Imago, male. The antennae of the male are about as long as the
thorax, arising from a knob-like basal joint; the joints are of even
length, and from each one arises long delicate hairs, which in our
specimens were somewhat appressed to the antennae. But we
think it was due to the immaturity of the specimens, and that the
hairs stand out as usual in the genus. The lingua is short; palpi
well-developed, incurved; eyes large globose, prominent, black.
The body is throughout pale testaceous; on the anterior half of
the thorax is an oblong light brown spot and an irregular oval
spot on each side of the posterior half of the thorax, extending
to a point opposite the insertion of the wing. On the under side
of the mesothorax is a broad, flattened, corneous area, the fore
legs being widely separated from the two posterior pairs. The
sides of the thorax are pale with a few dusky spots. The legs
are long and very slender, the middle and hind tibiae and
tarsi dusky. The wings are white, reaching when folded to the
end of the third segment from the end of the body. The abdomen
is dusky brown, paler at the tip, with a dusky spot on each side
of the last two segments; on the under side is a faint greenish
tinge. The tip is flattened, the anal forceps are large with the tip
bent in, forming a V, and meeting on the median line of the body.
Compared with what is evidently a true Chiron omus from
Labrador, and other species living in Massachusetts, the thorax
of the present species is longer and less globular, the meso-
sternum presents a longer area, and the antennae are longer and
slenderer. The wings are unspotted; there is no transverse costal
veinlet at the base of the wing; the costal vein terminates beyond

270 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the middle of the wing, and the first subcostal veinlet terminates
on the outer third of the wing, differing in these characteristics
from the more typical Chironorni. The abdominal hairs are
also shorter.

Female. The female has short 7-jointed antennae, of which the
terminal joint is nearly twice as long as the one next to it; they
are slightly hairy. The female of our species differs from the
other true Chironomi in the shorter and stouter antennae
and shorter and smaller palpi. The eyes are much as usual, as is
the size of the head in proportion to the thorax. Our female
specimen was too incomplete for further description.

The larvae were dredged-from Salem harbor. Packard, loc. cit.

The terminology of the wing veins given above is as was given
by the author, and therefore does not conform to that used in the
other descriptions.

5. Orthocladius flavus n. sp.

Larva. (PI. 24, figs.ll to 17) Yellowish; head yellowish brown;
length about 10 mm. Head short, extreme apical margin of
labiuni and posterior margin of head black. Antennae yellow,
moderately long, about one fourth or one third the length of the
head, slender; apical joints very short and slender (fig.!2a).
Labrum flap-like, with rounded margin and having a pair of
widely separated short yellow setae, the lateral margin fringed.
Its under surface (and epipharynx?) differs considerably from
the usual type, consisting here of slender caudad projecting lobes
and the usual pair of lateral arms with black apices (fig.14) . The
mandibles (fig.12 md) 'are yellow, slender, pointed, and only the
tip and the teeth black. The inner membranous part has several
setae on its cephalic margin. The maxillae (fig.12 mx) are yellow,
broad, flattened, each with a short palpus and a number of
papillae. At the basal articulation are two branched setae. The
hypopharynx (fig.ll) is horseshoe-shaped, with papillae on its free
margin. The labium (fig.12 1) has several moderately long lateral
teeth, several blunt short teeth nearer the central line, and two
small sharp ones at the apex. The anterior feet are very short,
the yellowish brown claws simple and quite numerous. The body
is yellow, moderately stout, with a very few scattered, small,
slender setae. Posterior feet are rather short, about as long
as the last body segment, claws nearly black, each with two
teeth; the outer one slender, curved, the inner one straight,
stout, and about one third as long as the outer one, each foot
with 16 to 20 claws. The four anal blood gills are as long as.
the feet, blunt, and white in color. The two dorsal papillae are

MAT PLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 271

dark brown on the under surface and pale above, but little longer
than wide, each with 7 or 8 long brown setae at apex.

The larva constructs an oval case (flg.17), about 16 mm. in
length, the thick outer coat of which is gelatinous, transparent;
the inner tube in which the larva lives is dark brownish green,
owing to the material (Spirogyra, etc.) of which it is constructed.
When it is disturbed the larva escapes from a hole at the end of
the tube. Normally it keeps up a water circulation through the
tube by the undulating motion of its body.

Pupa. The pupa resembles very much that of T ha las-
so m y i a f u s c a . It is dusky yellowish brown in color, the ven-
tral surface somewhat lighter. The respiratory organs are
slender, about one fifth as long as the thorax, the surface covered
with distad projecting scales (fig.13). Upon the dorsal surface
of the thorax are several pairs of short black setae. The dorsal
surface of all abdominal segments is finely sprinkled with very
minute, short, dark setae; the armature of the posterior margin
of the seventh segment is shown in fig.15; the margins of the
other segments resemble this arrangement, but the spines become
gradually shorter cephalad so that on the first segment the spines
are replaced by short tubercles. The anal fin is broad and some-
what rounded at the apex, with two pale slender setae near the
apex, and with a margin of moderately long, pale, matted hairs
(ftg.lG).

Imago, female. Yellow; antennae, palpi, metathorax, and legs
excepting femora, black. Length 3.5 to 4 mm.

Head and proboscis yellow, the latter with black tip; occiput
slightly infuscated, palpi deep brown, the basal joint and basal
one half of second joint of antenna yellow, the remaining joints
deep brown. Thorax deep yellow, with three deep brown lines, the
middle one divided by a yellow hair line, a dark brown spot in
front of base of wing; pleura and scutellum yellow, pectus and
metanotum black. Upon the yellow field of the dorsuni and
upon the scutellum are several irregular rows of short black hairs.
Abdomen pale yellowish brown, disk of each segment a little
darker, the posterior margin dorsally with a narrow, ventrally
with a wider, yellow fascia. Hairs black. Genitalia yellow and
inconspicuous. Fore pair of coxae 3*ellow, middle and hind pair
fuscous ; all le.gs black ; flexor surface of all femora, except ex-
treme tip, yellow. The extreme basal portion of extensor surface
of all femora also yellow. Legs microscopically hairy, fore tibiae
with one, and middle and hind tibiae each with two small black
spurs; pulvilli and empodium present; fore metatarsus about 0.6
as long as its tibia. The hyaline wings are broad and long, extend-
ing beyond the tip of the abdomen, the veins distinct, the anterior

272 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

ones yellow, the posterior ones hyaline. Venation as shown in
pl.30, fig.6. Halteres cream white; peduncle slightly darker.
One specimen bred from larva taken from pond water July 2,
Ithaca N. Y.

6. Orthocladius sordens n. sp.

(Pl.30, fig.5)

Female. Yellow; face, proboscis, palpi and antennae yellowish,
the palpi and the antennae, except the basal joints, somewhat in-
fuscated. Vertex brownish yellow. Thorax yellow with its three
dorsal stripes, rnetathorax and the sternum reddish. Abdomen
yellow, sometimes somewhat infuscated. Fore metatarsus about
one third shorter than its tibia ; legs yellow, tibiae and tarsi some-
what infuscated. Wings hyaline, anterior veins yellow, posterior
one colorless; cubitus forks distad of the crossvein; crossvein at
basal third of wing; venation as figured. Halteres yellow. Length
f to 1 mm. Several specimens, Ithaca N. Y. Two mutilated speci-
mens from South Dakota may also belong here.

7. Orthocladius sordidellus Zetterstedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Dappon. p.814, 26
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3521, 38
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 609
1874 Orthocladius V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17 : 133

1877 Orthocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.280, 6

1839 Chironomus variabilis Staeger. Krojer : Naturh. Tids.

2:571, 44
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3519, 36

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt, p.21

1S98 Chironomus Lundb. . Vidensk. Meddel. p.280, 63

1839 Chironomus variaus Staeger. Krojer's Tids. 2 : 573, 47

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3546, 71

Larva. (P1.25, figs. 12 to 15.) Yellowish green; head short,
brown, with a number of delicate dorsal setae. Each eye consists
of two nearly contiguous spots. Antennae (fig.13) short, about
three fifths the length of the mandibles, brown in color with apex
of each joint paler. Labruni blunt at apex, with a few short mar-
ginal papillae and apical setae (fig.12) ; epipharynx with the usual
lateral arms, but the curved setae are very much reduced and
modified. Mandibles stout, apical one half, sometimes wholly,
black or dark brown, with a long, slender, lateral seta (fig.14 md).
The maxilla ( fig.14 mx) has a short palpus, some papillae, and a
mesad-projecting tuft of pointed filaments; upon its ventral sur-
face a pair of setae, and another larger pair upon the anterior
margin of the ventral head sclerite below the base of the maxilla.
The hypopharynx has three tufts of papillae upon its margin, one

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 273

median and the others lateral. The labiuin has rounded teeth, the
first laterals as long as but not as wide as the middle one; the
remaining laterals are more pointed. A7iewed from the ventral
surface two oblique folds or thickenings in the chitin, one on each
side nearly parallel to the toothed margin, may be seen. The
claws of the anterior prolegs are coarse and pectinate. The anal
prolegs and appendages resemble those shown on pl.25, fig.6. The
larvae were taken from a brook near Ithaca N. Y.

Pupa. Yellowish; length 3 to 3.5 mm. Respiratory organs very
small. The marking on the dorsum of the abdominal segments (a
side view of one is shown in fig.15) consists of four transverse rows
on each of segments 2, 3, 4, and 5 ; and two rows on 1, 6, 7, and 8.
The first transverse row on a segment consists of about two or
three rows of extremely minute spines ; the second an interrupted
double row of short but stout spines ; the third an irregular triple
row near the posterior margin ; all these pointing caudad ; and
finally in the fold of the incisure there is an irregular triple row
of much smaller ones pointing cephalad. The second and last rows
are wanting on segments 1, G, 7, and 8. The caudal appendages
are like those shown on pl.24, fig.3, for a species of C r i c o -
t o p u s . Larva and pupa have recently been described by Taylor
(1903).

Imago. (P1.30, fig.7) This species resembles Chironomus
viridis, but differs in the generic characters. Dorsum of thorax
with three dark brown stripes; the ineta thorax and sternum
black ; scutellum yellow ; the abdomen brownish, the forceps small,
the arms rather thick. Antennae, including the basal joints,
brown; the hairs pale brownish; palpi brownish red. Legs pale
yellow ; the extreme tips of the tibiae black ; the tarsi dusky ; fore
metatarsus one third or one fourth shorter than its tibia. Wings
whitish. Halteres yellow. Length 2.75 to 4 mm. Greenland, .New
York, Washington, Texas, Illinois.

Zetterstedt's description of v a r i a b i 1 i s , which is considered
a synonym of the above, is as follows :

Male. Antennae with dark hairs. Head blackish; palpi fus-
cous. Thorax subopaque, yellow or testaceous, with three black or
brown stripes, often distinct, sometimes very wide subcontinent,
covering nearly the whole of the dorsum, leaving the huineri pale.
Sternum blackish; scutellum more or less yellow; metathorax
black. Abdomen narrow, hairy, black, the venter yellowish or
testaceous, after death often blackish. The caudal end black, the
appendages leaf-like or narrow ovate. Wings white or cinereous
hyaline, spotless ; halteres pale yellow. Legs nearly bare, brown,
fuscous or testaceous, the femur toward the tip often darker, the
fore coxae-yellow, the tarsi often fuscous, especially the fore pair.

274

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The fore metatarsus about one fourth shorter than its tibia, and
about one third longer than the next tarsal joint; tarsi bare.
Length 2.5 to 3 inni.

Female. Differs from the male thus : The base of the antenna
is often yellow, the thoracic stripes are always distinct, the yellow
of the dorsum is usually conspicuous; the abdomen is stouter, less
hairy, venter very often conspicuously yellow; the wings cinereous,
the wing veins near the costal margin subtestaceous, and lastly,
the body is stouter. Length 2 to 2.7 mm.

8. Orthocladius nivoriundus Fitch

1846 Chirononius Fitch. Winter insects of Eastern New York, p.274
1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat'l. Dipt'. N. A. p. 21
1898 Orthocladius Johnson. Cat'l. N. J. Dipt, p.627

I formerly erroneously regarded this species as a synonym of
D i a m e s a waltlii.

Larva. (P1.24, figs.18 to 24). The larvae were collected from
pond water on March 28 and the flies emerged the following week.
The larva is a pale green creature, somewhat infuscated on the
dorsum. Length 6 mm. Head deep brown, short; antennae
(fig.19) short, a little less than three fourths as long as the mandi-
ble, first joint three fifths of total length, apical appendage of the
first joint as long as the second and third joints taken together.
Each eye consists of a pair of spots separated by a fine line.
Labrum with three pairs of moderate size and about three pairs
of small setae on the lower surface; epipharynx with the usual
arms and curved pectinate setae. The mandible is stout, with
black toothed apex; the maxilla (fig.21 mx) has a small palpus,
several plunt setae, some fine hairs and a bunch of mesad pro-
jecting, delicate, pointed' filaments. The free margin of the labium
is provided with black teeth, the middle one broad, with a rounded
margin (fig.21 1). The dark thoracic prolegs have the usual
slender hairs, but these are apparently either bifid or pectinate.
The anal prolegs have sharp bilobed claws. The papillae of the
anal hair tufts are short and dark brown in color. Caudad of
these is a pair of prominent setae and on the ventral surface
cephalad of the anal prolegs is another pair. The anal prolegs
are of the usual form. The anal blood gills are present.

Pupa. Black or deep fuscous; abdomen paler. Length about
4 mm. The thoracic spiracles. are slender, tubular, with a rough-
ened surface (fig.23) ; length perhaps a little less than an ab-
dominal segment. The dorsum of each segment, excepting the
seventh and eighth, is nearly wholly covered with very short,
microscopic spines, besides about four pairs of longer black setae
as shown in fig. 22. Sometimes those near the caudal margin

MAT FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 275

are wanting, or replaced by others nearer the anterior pair. The
lateral fins of the seventh and eighth segments have four or five
pale, slender filaments; the caudal appendage is fringed with
slender hairs, and there are three stout setae at each angle of the
apex.

Imago, female. (P1.30, fig.8) Grayish black. Length 2.5 to
3 mm. Wholly grayish or brownish black, including head with
all its parts, thorax and abdomen. Legs pale brown ; fore legs
nearly wholly bare, middle and hind ones sparsely haired. Fore
metatarsus about 0.6 as long as its tibia. Wings slightly smoky
hyaline, anterior veins brown., posterior veins hyaline. Venation
MS shown in figure. Halteres dull black.

Male. Wholly black, very slightly shining. Thorax with a
suggestion of three black dorsal stripes; the other parts dull.
Abdomen with dark brown hairs. Autennal hairs, black. Legs,
dark brown, or almost black, fore tarsi nearly bare. Anal angle
of wing prominent ; anterior veins brown, wings slighty cinereous.
Genitalia black. Length 3.5 mm. In other respects like the
female.

This species differs from s t e r c o r a r i u s in having smoky
wings in both sexes, abdomen of female darker, and in having an
aquatic larva. Ithaca N. Y. The following is a copy of Fitch's
description.

Black; poisers obscure brown; Avings pellucid-cinereous, their
anterior uervures blackish. Length about .15 inch to the tip of
the abdomen in the male — females one third shorter.

This species is black throughout, and clothed with fine black
hairs. The thorax has three slightly elevated longitudinal ridges
immediately forward of the scutel. The wings, when the insect
is at rest, are held against the sides of the abdomen, often verti-
cally in the males, but more commonly in the females with their
inner margins in contact, thus forming a steep roof covering the
back. They are diaphanous, of a cinereous tinge, and feebly irri-
descent. Their inner margins toward their bases are slightly arcu-
ated. The suibmarginal or postcostal nervures — those which
bound the closed basillary cell, and which proceed from this cell
to the margin — are particularly obvious, being of a blackish color,
excepting the nerve which proceeds from the inner angle of this
cell to the apex of the wing, which, with the nervures inside of it,
scarcelv differ in color from the surface which thev ramifv. The

» t «/

poisers are oibscure-brownish, truncated at their apices, the capitu-
lum being in the form of a reversed triangle. The abdomen in
the female is shorter than the wings, somewhat compressed, ap-
proaching to an ovate form when viewed laterally, with the venter

276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

often of a dull brownish tinge; in the males it projects beyond
the tips of the wings, is slender, cylindrical, or very slightly
tapered towards the tip, with some of the terminal segments sep-
arated iby a strong contraction.

This is a very common species, appearing upon the snow in the
winter season, and upon fences, windows, etc., in the fore part
of spring, the males and females being about equally numerous.
The beautiful plumose antennae of the former distinguish them
at a glance from all other insects abroad at this season. At times
they may be met with in immense swarms.

Some specimens of larvae "and adults from Gallinas river, Las
Vegas N. M. (altitude 6400 feet), do not appear to differ excepting
in being a little larger; the genitalia of the male resembles that
of Diamesa waltlii. It is possible that on examination of
more material the New Mexican form may prove to be a distinct

species.

9. Orthocladius stercorarius Degeer

1776 Tipula Deg. Mem. pour serv. a 1'hist d. Ins. 6:388, 22

1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 46, 57

1850 Chironoinus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3571, 97

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2:612

1872 -Chironomus Holrngr. Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. p.105

1874 Orthocladius V. d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 17 : 133

1877 Orthocladius V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.279, 2

1878 Chironomus Osten Sacken. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.277, 58
1804 Chironomus chiopterus Meig. Klass. 1 : 17, 18

Wholly dull black; the antennae blackish brown, the hairs
scarcely lighter. Forceps of the male black. Legs blackish
brown, pitchy, or occasionally still paler; the fore legs bare; the
fore metatarsus only one half as long as its tibia. Wings milky
white. The halteres black or brown. The female has somewhat
darker wing and lighter abdomen. Length 1.5 to 2.75 mm.
Greenland. Holmgren and Lundbeck.

10. Orthocladius atomarius Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3522, 40
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 609
1884 Orthocladius Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3 : 202
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.283, 68

Kesembles O. sordidellus, but is much smaller and the
structure of the tarsi is different. Thorax brown, subshiuing,
the dorsum usually yellowish, light brown or testaceous, with
three nearly confluent dark stripes ; metathorax black. Abdomen

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 277

brown, venter lighter, genitalia small. Antennae and its hairs
brown. Legs yellow or sordidly white, nearly bare; fore metatar-
sus only one half as long as its tibia; bare. Wings whitish,
immaculate. Halteres white. Length 1 to 1.3 min. Schiner,
loc. cit. Greenland, Lundbeck. Ithaca, N. Y.

11. Orthocladius difficilis Lundbeck

1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.282, 67
1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1:217

Male. Thorax yellow or reddish yellow, with three dark brown
stripes, the median posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbre-
viated. Scutellum yellow, the metathorax brown, the pleura
yellow, the sternum brown ; abdomen fuscous black, yellow pilose,
the base and the venter yellow. The antennae brown; the palpi
sordidly yellow. Legs yellow; the tip of each of the tibiae black-
ish brown. Halteres yellow; wings almost hyaline, the anal lobe
produced, right angled, rounded at the apex; the veins pale and
thin, a little stronger and darker at the costal margin. R4+5
straight, and enters the margin of the wing a little distad of the
C^; the costa is not produced beyond the tip of the wing, the
media is straight and enters the tip of the wing, the fork of the
cubitus lies below the base of R4-f5, its upper branch is a little
longer than the main trunk, the lower branch is lightly curved
at the tip. The middle and hind pairs of legs are hairy or pilose,
the fore metatarsus is a little shorter than the tibia.

Female. Is a little smaller than the male, and the base of the
abdomen is but little or not at all yellow ; in other respects like
the male. Length of male and female 2 to 2.25 mm. Greenland,
Lundbeck.

12. Orthocladius absurdus n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.9; pl.31, fig.8; pl.33, flg.7)

Female. Yellowish brown, including the legs. Genitalia with
peculiar clasper-like egg guides. Length 3 mm. Head yellowish
brown, including proboscis, palpi and antennae, the basal joint
of the last yellow; first joint disk-like, the mcisure between the
second and third not sharply marked, the seventh elongate (pl.31,
fig.8). Thorax, including scutellum, pale yellowish brown; the
three dorsal stripes, the metanotum, a spot on the pleura and
the pectus darker brown. Abdomen yellowish with a greenish
tinge, the dorsum of each segment brownish, except on both
sides of each incisure narrowly pale yellow. Hairs pale and
sparse. Genitalia with the usual lobes of the female, but in
addition a pair of slender arms each with six or seven long setae
at the extremity (pl.33, fig.7). Legs uniformly yellowish brown;

278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

fore metatarsus about 0.6 as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline,
veins yellow, rather distinct, the anterior veins quite stout (pl.30,
fig.9). Haltereis pale. One specimen, Ithaca N. Y.

At first I considered this specimen the male of a new genus
owing to the peculiar clasper-like appendages of the extremity
of the abdomen; but the robust form of the abdomen, the form
of the genital lobes, and the antennae, lead me to believe that
the specimen is a female.,

13. Orthocladius claripennis Lundbeck

1898 C h ij- o n o in u s Limclb. yidensk. Meddel. p.281, 66
19U2 Orthocladius Kertesz." Cat'l. Dipt. 1 : 217

Resembles O . m i n u t u s Zett., but its smaller size, the
position of the fork of the cubitus, and the shortness of B1? dis-
tinguishes it.

Male. Thorax fuscous black, with three indistinct black stripes
(at least in dried specimens) ; scutellum brown. Abdomen more
or less pale fuscous, with yellow pile. The antennae reddish
brown; the palpi yellow. Legs slender, yellow, the tibiae black-
ish brown at the tip. The halteres white; the wings hyaline and
the anal lobe moderately produced, obtuse-angled, the veins slen-
der and pale; E4+5 is short, and enters the margin of the wing
far proxiuiad of the tip of Cux; the media is almost straight,
and runs into the tip of the wing; the fork of the cubitus is a
little distad of the base of K4+5, its lower branch is almost
straight, only at the tip is it curved. The middle and hind legs
are pilose; the fore metatarsus is a little shorter than its tibia.

Female. Is shorter and paler than the male, thorax yellow,
with three brown stripes, the middle one posteriorly, the two
lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated, and the scutellum is yellow;
in other respects like the male. Length, male and female, 1.25
to 2 mm. Greenland. Lundbeck. loc. cit.

14. Orthocladius minutus Zetterstedt

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3522, 39
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 609
1884 Orthocladius Mik. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 3 : 202
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Yidensk. Meddel. p.2Sl, 65
1S9S Orthocladius var. plasensis Strobl. Glasnik Zeru. Mus.
Bosni i Hercegov. 10 : 613

Black, or blackish brown, somewhat shining, the last abdomi-
nal segment wider than the one preceding it; the forceps small.
The antennae, including its hairs, brown. Legs yellowish brown,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 279

the femora somewhat darker; the fore tarsi of the male bare or
nearly so, fore metatarsus somewhat shorter than the tibia, the
hind tibiae and tarsi thickly haired; wings whitish, spotless.
Halteres white. The female has a light spot on each hunierus,
and the posterior legs have fewer hairs. Length 1 to 1.5 mm.
Greenland. Lundbeck.

15. Orthocladius fugax n. sp.

Larva. In little rolls or tubes of debris upon the flat rock
bottom of Cascadilla creek (Ithaca N. Y.) little bluish green
larvae with dark brown heads were found. These larvae are
rather more robust than those of many Chironomids, the
middle body segments being fully as wide as they are long. The
total length of a full-grown larva is from 3 to 4 mm. Head dark
brown, short, with the suture separating the dorsal from the
lateral sclerites quite distinct, the dorsal sclerite being elongate-
oval, acute-angled at its caudal margin, with three setae upon
each lateral margin, the most posterior of these being cephalad
of the middle transverse line; opposite this last seta near the
suture but upon the lateral sclerite is another seta a little caudad
of this, also near the suture there is still another, and on each
side near the ventral surface, directly ventrad of the paired eye
spot, there is a pair. The pale brown antennae (pl.25, fig.Sa) are
short, only about one half as long as the mandibles. The latter
is stout, its apical half blackened, and with a stout seta on its
side. The labrum (fig.3) has a somewhat blunt apex with a
few small setae; the epipharynx has the usual pair of arms the
ends of which are not conspicuously darkened. The maxilla
(fig.2 mx) has a short palpus and a few papillae and a group of
mesad projecting filaments. The labium is brown, has a deep
margin of black, the middle tooth is rounded, the first lateral has
a more or less distinct notch on its lateral edge, the remaining
laterals have rounded tips (fig.2 1). Each anterior proleg is pro-
vided with perhaps about 50 long and rather coarse pectinate
setae (fig.5) and many shorter ones. The posterior legs are each
provided Avith a number of claws, those on the periphery as
shown on pl.25, fig.9, those in the middle of the foot as shown in
fig.S. The papillae upon which the caudal setae are placed are
short and pale in color. The anal blood gills are rather long and
prominent (pl.25, fig.O). The diameter of the anterior abdominal
segments is considerably greater than that of the posterior.

Pupa. Dark fuscous green. Length 2.5 to 3 mm. Respiratory
organ slender, broadened toAvard the apex, its surface roughened
(pl.25, fig.4) ; its length a little greater than the setae at the

280 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

caudal end. A side view of the markings of the second, third
and fourth segments is shown on pl.25, fig.7; a dorsal view is given
in flg.ll. On the sixth, seventh and eighth segments the markings
are less conspicuous. The microscopic spines, though short, are
rather coarser than in allied species. Besides these spines there
is usually on each segment a pair of small setae. The caudal
appendage consists of the usual genital sacks and six setae, three
on each side of the apex.

Imago. (P1.30, fig.10.) Greenish black; thorax brown; length
2 to 2.5 mm.

Male. Eyes hairy; head deep brown, face between the bases of
the antennae yellowish; proboscis, palpi and antennae pale fus-
cous, the basal joint of the last deep brown; antennal hairs
brownish. Palpus with the first joint about as long as broad,
second and third about twice as long as broad, fourth about 1.5
times as long as the second. Dorsum of the thorax and the
scutellum dusky greenish yellow, the three stripes of the former
and the metathorax deep brown. The pleura and the sternum are
somewhat paler in color. Sometimes the scutellum and the space
between the dorsal thoracic stripes are pale brown. The dorsal
surface of the abdomen is velvet black with a slightly greenish
tinge, the first segment wholly and the ventral surface of most
of the succeeding segments green, posterior margins of each seg-
ment subshining black ; the venter of the apical segments blackish.
Genitalia pure white, similar to that of Cricotopus shown
on pl.24, fig.10. Upon both the dorsal and ventral surface of each
abdominal segment there are two irregular transverse rows of
black setae, most numerous on the seventh and eighth segments.
These are best seen in a balsam mount. Legs, including coxae,
sordidly yellow, the knees sometimes widely, and tips of tibiae
slightly darkened, moderately hairy; apex of fore tibiae each
with one, middle with two short equal spurs ; the posterior tibiae
each with one long curved spur, one short one, and a row of
slender apical setae. The empodium, at least of the hind feet, is
curved and pectinate. The wings are hyaline, the veins distinct,
pale fuscous, crossvein not clouded; costa with black setae; vena-
tion as figured. Halteres pale.

Female. Like the male, differing only in sexual characters; i. e.
the more robust abdomen, form of genitalia etc. In both sexes
the fore metatarsus is about 0.6 as long as its tibia. The green
of the first abdominal segment is not always distinctly visible.

Var. a. Like the foregoing, but with the abdomen, usually in-
cluding the venter dull fuscous or brown. Numerous specimens.
Ithaca N.Y., Chicago 111.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 281

16. Orthocladius pubitarsis Zetterstedt

1838 Chironorous Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.811, 11
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt Scand. 9 : 3514, 30
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.280, 62
1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt 1 : 221

1845 Chironomus frigidus Staeger (nee Zett). Krojer: Naturh.
Tids. 1:351,4

Blackish, subopaque, dorsum of thorax with three black stripes ;
antennae dark, wings white, legs fuscous testaceous, the fore
metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia, fore tarsi of the male dis-
tinctly pilose; genitalia small, the appendages somewhat leaf-
like. Length of the male 3.5 mm. ; of the female 3 mm.

Male and female. The fore metatarsus nearly as long as the
tibia, male genitalia subovate, and the densely pilose fore tarsi in
the male distinguishes this species.

The head, antennae, and palpi blackish. The thorax blackish,
or dull cinereous, subopaque, with black stripes. Scutellum and
metathorax blackish. Abdomen of the male slender, linear, sub-
opaque, black, fuscous pilose, the incisures narrowly whitish, sub-
shining, the anal appendage short, subovate, black ; of the female
stouter, blackish, pubescent. Legs of the male fuscous testaceous,
the middle and hind legs pubescent; the fore femora and tibiae
bare, fore tarsi distinctly and densely pilose ; in the female paler,
the articulations narrowly blackish. The fore metatarsus nearly
as long as the tibia, the second tarsal joint about one half as
long. Halteres pale. Zetterstedt, loc. cit. Greenland, Lundbeck.

17. Orthocladius obiimbratus n. sp.
(P1.30, fig.ll)

Male. Grayish black. Face yellowish, eye margin, occiput,
antennae excepting the second joint, black ; antennal hairs brown-
ish or blackish, proboscis and palpi fuscous. Thorax opaque,
grayish pruinose, the humeri and the anterior margin sometimes
indistinctly yellowish, scutellum brown or yellowish brown. Ab-
domen fuscous with fuscous hairs, genitalia small. Legs fuscous,
or subfuscous, middle and hind legs hairy; the trochanters and
extreme bases of femora yellow ; fore metatarsus about two thirds
as long as its tibia. Wings whitish hyaline, anterior veins pale
yellowish, posterior veins colorless, crossvein not clouded; R4+5
almost straight beyond its middle, bowing only a very little
toward the costa ; venation as figured. Halteres pale yellow.

Female. Somewhat paler than the male; the dorsum of the
thorax has three wide blackish stripes, the space between them

282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

and the humeri yellowish. Abdomen blackish or brownish, venter
sometimes yellowish. Wings darker than those of the male, the
anterior veins dark, R4+5 slightly bowed toward the costa beyond
its middle. In other respects like the male. Length, male and
female, 2.5 to 3 mm.

In immature specimens the legs and particularly the femora
are pale. The paler female specimens resemble pubitarsis ;
the male differs in having no pale margins on the posterior ab-
dominal segments.

Numerous specimens, Ithaca N. Y. Douglass, Alaska.

18. Orthocladius basalis Staeger

1845 Chironomtis Staeger. Krojer : Naturh. Tids. n. s. 1:351, 6

1872 Chironoruus Holingr. Of v. K. Vet. Akad. Fort. 29 : 105

1878 C h i r o u o m u s Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt'. N. A. p.20.

1898 C h i r o n o m u s Lundb. Vidensk. Medclel. p.279, 60

1902 Orthocladius Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1 : 216 .

1869 Chironomus pavidus Holrugr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
8:5, 42

The following is Holmgren's description of pavidus:

Male. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax, with fuscous
black hairs; the joints somewhat separated. Thorax smooth and
wholly shining, excepting the scutellnm and metanotum ; meso-
thorax with three stripes, the middle one produced anteriorly, and
depressed posteriorly in front of the scutellum, with three short
projecting points; scutellum obtuse, elevated and pilose. Ab-
domen black, subopaque, pale haired, the first segment wholly, the
posterior margins of the others shining. Wings narrow, cinereous
white or slightly smoky, darker along the costa; crossvein
straight; subcosta slightly curved, extending to about the middle
of the wing, with two distinctly spurious veins (folds?) ; fork of
the cubitus but little distad of the crossvein. Halteres white or
yellowish. Legs black fuscous, the middle of tibiae or before the
base very frequently paler; the middle and hind legs sparsely
haired; the fore tibiae and tarsi very short haired; fore meta-
tarsus about one third shorter than the tibia. Length 3 mm.

Staeger's description of basalis is as follows :

Female. Head black, front shining. Thorax with humeri and
pleura in front of base of wings yellowish, the dorsum with three
confluent black stripes; the sternum grayish black. The coxae
shining black. Abdomen velvet black, the first two segments
yellowish brown (in fresh specimens perhaips pure yellow), and
the posterior margins of the following segments shining black.
The wings are 'somewhat darkened; the anterior veins and the
crossveins are dark brown and prominent, the other veins are

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 283

indistinct; the subcostal vein ends proximad of the fork of the
cubitus. The color of the legs is pitchy brown, the base of the
fore femora and the middle of the hind tibiae are somewhat yel-
lowish; the fore metatarsus is about one half as long as its tibia,
the second tarsal joint is one half as long as the first.

Lund beck (1808) compared Holmgren's and Staeger's types and
declared them identical. Greenland, Washington State.

19. Orthocladius barbicornis Linne

1767 Tipula Linne. Syst. Nat. Ed. XII, 2:974, 25

1805 C h i r o n o m u s Fa.br. Syst. Antl. p.42, 20

1818 Cer atopogon Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:71,4

1864 Cliironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 :612

1884 Orihocladius Mik. Wion. Ent. Zeitg. 3:202

1805 C h i r o u o m u s o b s c u r u s Fabr. Syst. Antl. p.40, 11

1818 Chirouom us Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:47,60

1850 C b i r o u (i m u s Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 :3568

Male. Black, or deep fuscous. Head including palpi and
antennae black, the hairs of the latter somewhat paler. Thorax
with scutellum and metanotum black. Abdomen slender, black,
hairy, incisures scarcely paler; caudal appendages short oval,
black. Wings white (pale brownish yellow by reflected light),
anterior veins testaceous. Halteres blackish. Legs black or
pitchy, occasionally paler, uniformly and distinctly hairy; fore
femora, and tibiae with long, the tarsi with short hairs. Fore
metatarsus one fourth to one third shorter than its tibia; the
other joints gradually diminishing in length. Length 4 mm.
(Zetterstedt in part.)

Female. Thorax anteriorly with yellowish or yellowish brown
spots, representing the remains of a pale ground color; the
lialteres are paler; the wings darker. (Schiner.)

Some specimens from St. Paul Minn., and from Washington
State do not differ from my European specimens.

20. Orthocladius clepsydrus Coquillett
1902 O r t h o c 1 a d i u s Coq. U. S. Nat. Museum Proc. 25 :92

Female. Black, the extreme bases of femora and of front tibiae,
also the other tibiae except their apices, whitish; mesonotum
polished, scutellum and dorsum of abdomen opaque, velvet-like;
wings hyaline, each marked with an hourglass-shaped black spot
extending from one fourth length of wing almost to apex of upper
branch of fifth vein (CuJ, the constricted portion lying above
the forking of the fifth vein (cubitus), thp basal expanded portion
reaching from fourth vein (media) nearly to hind margin of wing,
the apical extending from third vein (R^) almost to hind margin

284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

of wing; legs only pubescent, first joint of front tarsi. about half
as long as the tibiae, fourth tarsal joint rather slender and almost
as long as the fifth ; length 1.5 mm. Las Vegas Hot Springs, New
Mexico. (Coquillett, loc. cit.)

Genus 42. Tanytarsus Van der Wulp
Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 134

Larva. Small species resembling Chironomus, occasion-
ally red in color, though more often yellowish. Distinguished
from allied genera by their long antennae with elongated apical
joints, and the frontal protuberances upon which the antennae
are mounted. The epipharynx and its appendages resembles that
of Chironomus (pl.25, fig.16, and pl.26, fig.14) ; the maxilla
has upon its inner angle one or more spine-like blades which pro-
ject mesad and cephalad (pl.26, fig.12 mx) ; the thoracic segments
frequently have a few short setae. The ventral surface of the
eleventh abdominal segment apparently lacks blood gills.

Pupa. The thorax has a pair of respiratory organs, each of
which consists of a central shaft with lateral filaments (pl.26.,
fig.3). The dorsal surface of the abdominal segments is charac-
teristically marked with hairs and setae (pl.25, figs. 18 and 20, and
pl.26, fig.ll) . The eighth segment has a comb at the caudal end of
each lateral fin, and the anal segment has a fringe of hairs form-
ing a paddle (pl.26, figs. 6 and 15).

Imago. (P1.30, figs. 14 to 21) Antennae of male 14-jointed,
long plumose ; antennae of female 7-jointed, sparsely haired, first
joint in both sexes large and disk-like. Palpi bent, 4-jointed, the
last joint usually a little longer than the preceding. The eyes reni-
form, ocelli wanting. Thorax highly arched, projecting somewhat
over the head ; metanotum arched. Abdomen of the male slender,
the anal segment distinctly separated from the preceding; genitalia
long and slender; abdomen of the female shorter and stouter.
Legs slender, fore tarsi elongated, the fore metatarsus longer than
its tibia; hind legs usually hairy. Wings distinctly hairy; anal
angle small; crossvein upon or even proximad of the mid length
of the wing; R4-f.5 joins the margin at the extremity of the costa;
media simple; the forking of the cubitus is under or just distad of
the crossvein; the lower branch is straight or gently bent down-
wards. Species rather small.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 285

KEY TO SPECIES OF TANYTARSTTS

Larvae
a Moderate sized pink or red species, with long filaments at the extremity

of antenna, pi. 26, fig.la

7> With a hump on dorsal surface of last abdominal segment, most dis-
tinct in fresh specimens, pi. 26, fig.5 5. dives n. sp.

&& Without this hump 3. gmundensis

aa Small yellowish species, antennae without long filaments

I) Antennae with two delicate processes with slightly enlarged ends at
extremity of the second joint, pl.26, figs. 13-14 ; larva usually found

in its fibrous case, pl.26, fig.9 13. e x i g u u s n. sp.

1>l) Antenna with a pointed process at end of second joint, pl.25, figs.
16, 17 / 10. d i s s i rn i 1 i s n. sp.

Pupae

a Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment with a simple terminal spur,
pl.26, fig.15 ; second abdominal segment with two small patches of setae
near the anterior end and a transverse row near posterior end; pupa

in a fibrous case, pl.26, fig.9 13. e x i g u u s n. sp.

aa Lateral fin of the eighth segment with a comb

1> Fourth abdominal segment with two patches of short stout setae on
anterior end and a few scattered setae on the surface, pl.26, fig.7

5. d i v e s n. sp.
l)b Fourth segment with two longitudinal rows of setae caudad of the

anterior patch
c With a transverse row of stout setae on posterior margin of third

segment, pl.25, fig.20 10. d i s s i m i 1 i s n. sp.

cc With two patches of setae near posterior margin of the third seg-
ment, pl.25, fig.18 Var. a. of d i s s i m i 1 i s

Imagines
a Thorax uniformly black or brown ; thoracic stripes wanting or very

indistinct

1> Legs white or pale yellow ; wings white ; thorax and abdomen subshin-
iug black ; male abdominal segments with paler posterior margins ;
fore metatarsus about 0.15 longer than its tibia

1. o b e d i e n s n. cp.
bb Legs dusky yellow, fuscous, or black

c Halteres black or dusky ; thorax and abdomen subshiuiug black ; fore
metatarsus about 0.16 longer than its tibia

2. nigripilus n. sp.
cc Halteres pale

d Fuscous, including legs ; thorax subshining ; fore metatarsus over

0.4 longer than its tibia 3. gmundensis

dd Smaller dark brown or fuscous green species ; fore metatarsus
less than one fourth longer than its tibia

4. d e f 1 e c t u s n. sp.

286 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

(ta Thorax green or yellow ; if darker, then with distinct stripes
b Dark brown or greenish species, thoracic stripes, usually dark
c Brownish species

(/ Two mm. or less in length ; fore metatarsus but little longer than

its tibia 4. deflectiis n. sp.

(Id Three mm. or more in length

r Yellowish brown thorax with brownish stripes ; fore metatarsus

1.5 times as long as its tibia 5. dives

re Fore metatarsus 1.3 times as long as its tibia 6. T . sp.

cc Greenish species

d Crossvein nearly in the middle of the wing; length 2.5 to 3 mm. ;

dark green species 7. j u u c i

<1<1 Crossvein noticeably before the middle of the wing

c Fore metatarsus twice as long as its tibia 8. p u s i o

ee Metatarsus of fore legs not twice as long as its tibia
f With dark brown thoracic stripes ; length 2 to 3 mm.

0. f a t i g a n s n. sp.
ff With yellowish or brown thoracic stripes ; length 1.25 to

1.75 mm 10. d i s s i m i 1 i s n. sp.

l)b Yellow species ; thoracic stripes when present, pale or reddish

c Testaceous ; abdomen brown, segments with slightly paler margins ;
fore metatarsus one fourth longer than its tibia

11. f u 1 v e s c e u s n. sp.
cc With yellowish green, or green abdomen

d Fore metatarsus not more than one half longer than its tibia

e Fore metatarsus one half longer than its tibia ; yellowish green

species, more or less dusky 10. d i s s i m i 1 i s n. sp.

cc Fore metatarsus one third longer than its tibia ; paler species ;

length 2.5 to 3 mm 12. m u t i c u s u. sp.

<1<1 Fore metatarsus more than 0.7 longer than its tibia

c Species 2 mm. or more in length ; fore metatarsus twice as long

as its tibia 14. tennis

(•<• Species less than 2 mm. in length

f Fore metatarsus about three fourths longer than its tibia

13. e x i g u u s n. sp.
ff Fore metatarsus about 2.5 times as long as its tibia

15. f 1 a v e 1 1 u s
1. Tany tarsus obediens n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.14)

Male. Subsuming black; wings and legs cream white. Head
black, palpi, proboscis and antennae with its hairs fuscous, the
basal joint of the last yellowish. Thorax snbshining black,
hunieri sometimes slightly yellowish and dorsum with faint indi-
cations of two narro\v cinereous lines, and three lines of yellow
hairs. Abdomen black, the posterior margins of all the segments
white or yellow; hairs yellowish; genitalia elongate, yellow.
Coxae brown; legs cream white, with white hairs; middle and
hind tibiae each with a minute black comb at the tip; fore tarsi

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 287

very short-haired, fore metatarsus about one sixth longer than
its tibia. "Wings cream white, with white veins; venation as fig-
ured. Halteres white.

Female. Like the male but with yellow antennae, and the
abdomen is nearly uniform in color, paler margins at most but
feebly indicated. Length, both sex< s. 3.5 to 4.r> mm.

In one male specimen the abdomen is wholly black, and the
basal joint of the antenna brown. This fly greatly resembles the
female of C h i r o n o m u s n i g r i c a n s n. sp., from which it
may readily be distinguished by its hairy wings. Numerous speci-
mens; Ithaca X. Y., May. .June, July. Washington State.

2. Tany tarsus nigripilus u. sp.

Resembles T . s y 1 v a t i c u s V. d. W.. an European species,
but differs in having black halteres.

Male. Black, subshining; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Head black;
palpi, proboscis and antenna*' also black, the last with blackish
hairs. Thorax wholly subshining black, the dorsum when viewed
obliquely from in front with two more distinctly shining black
stripes. Abdomen black, siibshiniug, incisures faintly cinereous,
hairs black. Claspers slender, brownish. Coxae and legs black,
long-haired, particularly the fore tarsi, which are almost bearded ;
fore metatarsus about one sixth longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, slighth brownish tinted, anterior veins brownish, pos-
terior ones pale; cubitus forks about under the crossveiu. Hal-
leres fuscous or black.

Female. Like the male, but the fore tarsi are less hairy and
the halteres are paler. Ithaca X. Y.. April. Washington State.

3. Tanytarsus g-mundensis Egger

1SG3 C h i r o n o m u s Egg. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien. 13 : 1100
18G4 C b i r o n o in u s Schinor. Fauna Austr. 2 : 597, 7
1874 T a u y t a r s u s V. d. Wulp. Tijcl. v. Ent. 17 : 134
1S77 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.285

<I'1.:;<>. tig.l.T)

Male. Fuscous. Head, including palpi, proboscis and anten-
nae fuscous, the last with fuscous hairs. Thorax and abdomen
wholly fuscous, the last with yellowish hairs; genitalia brown.
Legs fuscous, trochanters and bases of femora yellow; short-
haired. Fore metatarsus about 1.5 times as long as its tibia.
Wings hyaline, veins near the anterior margin yellowish, and
others paler. Halteres yellow.

Female. Like the male but with broader wings. Length 3 to
4 mm. f cannot distinguish the American from my European
specimens. Ithaca N, Y., Chicago 111., Washington State. April
and October.

288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

4. Tanytarsus deflectus n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.16)

Female. Brown; abdomen paler. Head, including palpi and
antennae brown, second and third joints of the antenna more
or less coalescent; rostrum with prominent black setae. Thorax
including pleura, pectus, and metanotum, brown; the first with
three darker brown stripes; scutellum a little paler. Dorsum of
thorax with dark setae. Abdomen uniformly yellowish brown,
with black hairs. Legs, including coxae, brownish yellow, the
knees slightly darker; quite hairy; fore metatarsus about one
fifth longer than its tibia. Wings very hairy, anal lobe not
prominent. Halteres white. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

The respiratory organs of the pupa consist of two slender more
or less cylindrical processes armed with one lateral seta at about
one third from the apex, and with two or three shorter ones on
the apex (pl.22, fig.6). The pupal skin is so mutilated that a
further description cannot be given. Several captured and one
bred specimen. Ithaca N. Y.

5. Tanytarsus dives n. sp.

Larva. The larvae were found in the sand at the bottom of a
pool of water, drainings from a pile of manure. Blood red, with
a greenish tinge on the sides, and a prominent hump on the
anterior part of the dorsum of the last segment (pl.26, fig.5).
Length 6 to 7 mm. Head dark, about l1/^ times as long as wide,
antennae much elongated, about two thirds as long as the head,
or fully as long when they are measured to the tips of the two
long filaments of the second antenna! segment (pl.26, fig.l). The
first joint long and slender, with a slender seta on its side, and
a spur at the tip near the base of the second segment; second
segment about three times as long as wide, with two long slender
filaments at the tip near base of third segment. The third and
fourth segments slender, delicate, and inconspicuous; these two
taken together less than the length of the second joint. The
dorsal sclerite of the head not distinctly separated from the
laterals. Upon the dorsal aspect of the head are eight pairs of
rather long setae, arranged as shown in fig.l. Each antenna is
mounted upon a frontal prominence. There are two distinctly
separated eye spots upon each side of the head. The labrum is
rather more prominent than usual with Chiron omus, with
five or six pairs of conspicuous curved subapical setae, a pair of
pectinate hairs, several pairs of smaller setae, and an apical pair
of short, jointed papillae. The epipharynx resembles that of
C h i r o n o m u s , with its horseshoe shaped ridges, the curved,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 289

overhanging setae, and the transverse comb, the latter having a
number of uniform rather long, slender, caudad projecting teeth.
Caudad of this are three hand-shaped processes, each with five or
six slender, apical, finger-like projections. The lateral arms are
prominent, and have enlarged, bifid extemities. Each mandible
has a stout subapical and mesad projecting seta, a fringe of sub-
apical hairs, and a slender dorsal, laterad projecting seta (fig.2).
The maxilla (fig.4 mx) has a comparatively long palpus (p), a
number of small papillae and setae and some mesad curved spines.
The hypopharynx has the usual fringe of fine hairs and papillae
(fig.4 hy). The Iflbium (1) has about 13 blunt, rounded teeth, the
middle one most prominent.

The anterior prolegs have numerous curved, slender, hair-like
setae. In nearly mature specimens the thorax is somewhat en-
larged. The body has few if any setae. The last segment (fig.5),
has a prominent hump near the anterior margin; the posterior
prolegs are rather prominent, with a small number of stout claws ;
each of the dorso-caudal setae tufts is mounted on a prominence.
The anal gills are four in number and comparatively short, about
twice as long as wide. The larva makes a rough, loose, cylindrical
case which partly conceals it.

Pupa. Length 4 to 5 mm. Dusky, with the thoracic respira-
tory organs each consisting of a single slender shaft, with lateral
hairs (fig.3), about as long as a single abdominal segment. The
dorsal surface of the abdomen is marked with minute setae,
spines, and hairs, as shown in fig.7. This figure shows segments
two to six inclusive. The dorsum of the second segment is nearly
uniformly covered with fine, very short, miscroscopic spines, four
or five pairs of pale setae and the usual chitinous, longitudinally
ridged, posterior margin; the third has anteriorly two patches
of short black spines, two patches of fine hairs, the rest of its
dorsal surface punctate with minute spines, and five or six pairs
of pale setae; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments each have two
dense patches of short black spines near the anterior margin,
sparsely punctate with minute spines, and provided respectively
with about eight, seven and five pairs of pale setae. The eighth
segment (fig.6) has the usual, lateral fins, with its filaments, and
has also the combs, each with five or six prominent black teeth.
The caudal fin is fringed with long, pale, matted hairs.

Imago, male. Dusky brown, sometimes blackish, legs yellow-
ish brown; length 3.5 to 4 mm. Head, palpi, proboscis and an-
tennae brown, the hairs of the last also brown. Dorsum of
thorax gray pruinose, with three subshining brown or black
stripes, humeri sometimes a little yellowish. The pleura, sternum
and metanotujn subshining black, the last with a narrow longi-

290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tudiual groove; scutelluiu sordidly yellow or brownish. Abdomen
subsuming, fuscous, the sides and venter a little paler, the last
two or three segments and sometimes the lateral margins of some
of the others black; posterior margins of all the segments slightly
paler than the rest of the surface. Genitalia brownish, conspicu-
ous, with four pairs of appendages, the outer pair elongate (pl.33,
fig.5). All hairs reddish brown. Coxae dark, legs pale brown,
extreme tips of middle and hind tibiae black, fore tarsi moderately
hairy, middle and hind legs with long but delicate pale brown
hairs. Fore metatarsus over 0.4 longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, costal margin very slightly yellowish, anterior veins pale
yellowish, hairs dusky (pi. 30, fig.lT). Halteres pale.

Female. Like the male but shorter; antennae yellow; wings
more densely hairy, and wider in proportion to its length. Length
of male 4 mm., of female 2.5 mm. Ithaca N. Y.

6. Tany tarsus sp.

Pupa. Respiratory tubes are very delicate and transparent,
each apparently consists of about six long slender filaments re-
sembling those of a Simulium pupa, but they appear to be jointed.
The dorsal markings of each abdominal segment consist of an an-
terior and posterior transverse baud of moderately coarse, short
spines, a central area of very minute spines, arranged as shown
on pl.22, fig.13. The lateral fins of the eighth segment terminate
in a spiny spur as shown on pl.±2, fig.lT. The caudal fringe is as
usual.

Imago, male. Head yellowish, including proboscis, palpi, and
antennae, the basal joint of the last brown. Thorax reddish
brown; the narrow space between the three wide brown dorsal
stripes and the scutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale brown, venter
more yellowish excepting toward the extremity. Incisures but
little if any paler, genitalia and the abdominal hairs pale. Legs,
including the apical half of the coxae, whitish, the tip of each
middle and hind tibia with a minute black circular comb, one
tooth of which is prolonged into a spur. Fore metatarsus about
one third longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, with a slight milky
tinge, hairs pale, veins colorless. Halteres pale. Length 3.5 to
4.5 mm.

Female. Like the male but abdomen more brownish. Saranac
Inn N. Y.

7. Tanytarsus junci Meigen

1818 C h i r o n o m u s Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 50, 68
1874 Tany tar s.us V. d. Wulp. Trjd. v. Ent. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.287, 9
189S -Chi r ouo m us Lundb. Videusk. Meddel. p.283, 60

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 291

1830 C h i r o n o in u s vernus Staeger (nee Meig.)- Kroj. Nat. Tids.

2:580, TO

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3579, 108

1864 Chironomus Scliiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 597

Antennae and palpi brown; antennal hairs of the male pale
brown. Thorax dark green, with three broad, black, longitudinal
stripes ; the sternum and the metanotuni shining black. Abdomen
dark olive green : the anal segments of the male rounded, shorter
and a little broader than the preceding; the claspers as long as
the anal segment, broad in the middle, at the base and at the
extremity somewhat narrowed ; the abdomen of the female is much
darker, almost black. Legs variable, blackish brown to yellowish
brown ; the forelegs long and slender, the fore metatarsus almost
twice as long as the tibia (ratio about 4:7) ; the second tarsal
joint about one half as long as the metatarsus; the following
joints gradually decreasing in length; hairs of the legs dense and
light brown in color. Halteres whitish. Wings hyaline, appear-
ing, grayish owing to its hairs; crossvein a little proximad of the
mid length of the wing; the fork of the cubitus directly below the
crossvein. Male, length 3 to 3.5 mm ; female, 2.5 mm. Transla-
tion from V. d. Wnlp, loc. cit. Greenland. Lundbeck.

8. Tanytarsus pusio Meigen

1830 Cliirononius Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 6 : 256, 117

1850 Chironomus Zett Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3583, 115

1864 C h i r o n o ru u s ? Scliiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 597

1874 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Entom. 17 : 134

1877 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.287, 8

Male. Greenish; thorax with three dark stripes. Head green-
ish, palpi subfuscous, proboscis yellowish; large basal joint of
antenna fuscous, the next few joints yellow, the remaining ones
dark; hairs subfuscous. Thorax green with three dorsal stripes,
the sternum and the metanotuni blackish. Abdomen green,
darker toward the caudal end; hairs pale; genitalia prominent,
yellowish. Legs greenish yellow, the tarsi and the fore femora
and tibiae slightly infuscated, middle and hind legs hairy. Fore
metatarsus nearly twice as long as its tibia. Wings hyaline,
hairy, veins pale, crossvein proximad of the mid length of the
wing; fork of cubitus distad of crossvein. Halteres greenish
yellow. Length 2 to 3 mm.

Female. The thoracic stripes reddish or brownish, and the
abdomen paler green, otherwise like the male.

Near the anterior margin of each segment of the abdomen in
some specimens there is a faint indication of a darker fascia.
Male and female specimens; Ithaca N. Y. Brookings, S. D,

292 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

9. Tany tarsus fatigans n. sp.
(P1.30, flg.18)

Female. Head greenish ; palpi, and antennae except basal joint,
infuscated; proboscis yellow. Thorax greenish, with three dark
subshining, brown or blackish stripes ; scutellurn and pleura pale
greenish or yellow ; rnetanotum and sternum blackish. Abdomen
grass-green. Legs pale yellowish, slightly infuscated; hairs not
long ; fore metatarsus over one third longer than the tibia. Wings
hyaline, sparsely haired, veins yellowish, venation as figured.
Halteres greenish. Length, 2 to 3 mm.

Var. a. One female specimen has darker face, proboscis, and
fuscous legs, otherwise agrees with the above description. Taken
at same time and place. Ithaca N. Y., April.

10. Tanytarsus dissimilis n. sp.

(P1.25, figs. 16 to 21)

Larva. Small, white, with brownish tint; found among the
trash in the bottom of a muddy pond. Length 3 to 4 mm. Head
pale brown, short, with a few dorsal setae. Eye spots, a pair on
each side, distinctly separated, antennae nearly double the length
of the mandible (fig.17). Labrum with a. number of prominent
curved setae, some of them pectinate (fig.16 1) ; epipharynx nor-
mal (fig.16). Mandible with a subapical and a lateral seta and
a row of fine hairs overhanging the tip. Maxilla with a short
palpus, some small papillae and several slender, pointed, mesad
projecting lobes (fig.16 mx). The anterior feet are provided with
numerous pale curved setae. Thorax with a few pale and very
inconspicuous setae. Claws of the posterior prolegs few in num-
ber and bilobed. Caudal blood gills four in number and rather
prominent. Caudal setae brown; a single shorter and more
delicate seta is placed upon each pedicel upon its anterior side.

Pupa. Pale yellowish ; length about 3 mm. Thorax with long,
slender pointed respiratory organs with hairs upon them, Upon
the thorax caudad of the middle are a few rather conspicuous
setae. The second, third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments
are marked as shown on pl.25, fig.20. The second has two gray
triangular pigment spots, their bases near the posterior margin ;
a few small setae, and the usual transverse posterior row of longi-
tudinal ridges; the third has a broken transverse posterior row
of long and prominent black setae, besides a few scattered ones;
the fourth has an anterior row which joins the cephalic ends
of the two longitudinal rows of long black setae and an anterior
median patch of short, stout, black spines, besides several scat-
tered setae; the fifth has two contiguous or nearly contiguous
patches near the anterior margin of short stout black spines, and

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 293

a pair of discal setae. The lateral fin of the eighth segment
terminates in a comb with six or seven short black teeth. The
caudal fin is elongate and has the usual fringe of matted hairs.

Imago. Differs from T . e x i g u u s n. sp. in being darker,
in having a shorter metatarsus, and in the form of the male gen-
italia. It is yellowish green, sometimes nearly wholly yellow,
more or less infuseated, with three brown thoracic stripes.

Male. Head yellow, including proboscis, palpi and the large
basal joints of the antennae; the antennae brown, the basal por-
tion of each hair appearing paler; eyes black. Thorax yellow,
slightly infuscated, with a greenish tinge, usually with three more
or less distinct buff or pale brown, sometimes darker, stripes.
Abdomen green, slender, yellow toward tip; genitalia elongate
(pl.33, fig.3), with a dorsal downward curved keel (d), and four
pairs of appendages; an elongated pair of lateral lobes (1), a pair
of inferior lobes (i) with rounded ends, a pair of short, blunt,
superior lobes (s) with much incurved ends, and finally a pair of
brush-like appendages (a) projecting mesad from the side of the
superior lobes. Legs hairy, uniformly light yellow, sometimes
slightly infuscated, tips of middle and hind tibiae each with a pair
of minute black combs with an elongate middle tooth, forming
a spur. Fore metatarsus about one half longer than its tibia.
Wings pale, hairy, the heavier veins close to the anterior margin,
all veins pale yellow. Halteres white. Length 1.75 to 2.25 mm.

Female. Like the female of T . e x i g u u s n. sp. but is con-
siderably darker yellow; the thoracic stripes are brown, meta-
thorax brown, abdomen deeper green, the legs pale grayish yel-
low, sometimes fuscous. In dried specimens all colors appear
rather dusky. Length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. Proportion of metatar-
sus to its tibia like that of the male.

This species was bred a number of times during May, July, and
October from pond water. Ithaca N. Y., Ottawa, Canada (from
Professor Fletcher) .

Var. a. Larva can not be distinguished from the foregoing ; the
pupa differs in having fewer setae upon the dorsum of abdomen.
( See fig.lS for the arrangement of these setae.) This variety has
been bred several times. There seems to be no intermediate stage.
The adults of this variety seem to be a little more dusky than
those of the other.

11. Tanytarsus fulvescens n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.19)

Male. Testaceous ; segments of the abdomen brown with paler
posterior margins. Length 3 mm. Head with palpi, probocis,
and antennae, and its hairs brownish. Dorsum of the thorax,
pleura and scutellum testaceous, with cinereous reflections; tlie

294

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

three dorsal stripes, the sternum and the metanotum brown,
the long hairs in the longitudinal rows and those on the scutel-
lum brown. Abdomen brown, with blackish hairs, posterior
margins of the segments cinereous white; the genitalia brown,
the lateral lobes long and stout. Legs yellowish or testaceous,
the tarsi a little darkened, fore legs with short, the middle and
hind legs with long hairs. Fore metatarsus about one fourth
longer than its tibia. Wings hyaline, appearing somewhat dusky
on account of the dark hairs which cover them; veins yellow,
margin deeply fringed, venation as figured. Halteres yellow, the
knob sometimes slightly infuscated.

Female. Face, basal joints of the antennae and the hairs of
the thorax more yellowish ; otherwise like the male. Ithaca N. Y.
July.

12. Tanytarsus muticus n. sp.

(P1.30, fig.20)

Male. Yellowish, with three reddish brown thoracic stripes.
Head yellowish or greenish, palpi and proboscis yellow; antennae
including the hairs and the basal joint brownish. Dorsuin of
the thorax greenish yellow, with three broad reddish brown
stripes, metathorax and sternum brown; s-cutellum and pleura
yellowish. Abdomen greenish, yellow, somewhat infuscated.
Hairs pale; genitalia yellow in color and elongate. Legs yellow,
somewhat darkened, except the trochanters nnd ba'ses of fenrora;
the middle and hind pairs longer haired than the fore pair; fore
metatarsus one third or one fourth longer than its tibia. Wings
hyaline, hairy, veins pale yellow ; venation as figured. Halteres
yellow. Length 2.5 to 3 mm. Ithaca N. Y.

13. Tanytarsus exiguus n. sp.

Larval case. Numerous fibrous, slender, conical cases are found
attached to the rocks in the bottom of shallow brooks in places
where the water flows most swiftly during the summer months.
Hundreds of these cases may be sometimes found upon a single
piece of rock no larger than a man's hand. The cases are slender,
conical, with a basal stem and three, or occasionally four, apical
filaments; the body is about 3.5 to 4 mm. in length. The color is
a pale brown like that of dried grass ; the structure is fibrous like
that of a Simulium case. The case is reinforced longitudinally
by three ribs, the basal prolongations of the filaments ; the stem is
sliglitlv enlarged at the base, bv which it is attached to the rocks.

fj t/ CJ

During the early summer most of the cases will be found attached
by the stem alone, but later in the season most of them lie fiat on
the rock and are attached along one side like Simulium pupal
cases. Within this case is a small greenish yellow larva, or later,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 295

the tiny pupa. The case is shown on pl.26, fig.9. Ulmer (p.401,
1903) notes a similar structure for an European species.

Larva. (Pl.26, figs.S to 15) . The larva is pale greenish yellow,
with a brownish yellow head and elongate antennae, the length
is from 3 to 4 inin. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, with
a number of short setae, two at the base of each antenna, two
on the front, one mesad, one laterad and one in front of each
pair of eyes. There are two eye spots on each side (figs.8 and
14). The antennae (fig.13) are over one half as long as the head,
each mounted upon a lateral prominence. The first joint is three
times as long as the second, and has a seta on its side a little
distad of the middle, and an apical seta 1.5 times as long as the
second joint, the latter having two apical setae with rounded
ends. The third joint is shorter thau the second, the fourth
is shorter than the third, the latter has a delicate apical seta.
All setae are very pale yellow in color. The labrum is prominent
and has two pairs of stout apical setae, one pair of which is
curved and elongated (fig. 14 ) ; besides this there are five or six
pairs of smaller lateral setae. The epipharynx is like that of the
genus C h i r o n u m u s , with the usual comb, curved setae, and
bifid lateral arms. The mandibles (nid) have black tips, the max-
illae (figs. 12 and 14 mx) each have a prominent palpus and an
elongate niesad projecting process with several blades, very deli-
cute and transparent; the brown labiuni with its black teeth has
an outline as figured (fig.12 1). The pro legs have the usual curved
hairs. Each segment of the thorax has a very few scattered setae
arranged in two transverse rows. The abdomen is practically de-
void of setae. The last segment has the usual dorsal tufts of
setae, four short though conspicuous blood gills, and prolegs with
their retractile bilobed claws.

Pupa. Pale yellow, with brownish thorax, length about 2.5 mm.
The respiratory organs are slender, uubranched, pointed fila-
ments, and bare; about one third the length of the thorax. The
second, third, fourth, fifth and sometimes the sixth segment of
the abdomen is dorsally marked with a pair of brown spots, upon
which are a number of short brown setae, near the anterior mar-
gin. The second segment has in addition a transverse row of
much finer microscopic spines near the posterior margin, and the
usual transverse ridged row upon the posterior edge (fig.ll).
There are also a very few scattered minute setae. Each lateral
fin of the eighth segment has fomr pale, slender filaments and a
single 'brown apical spur. The caudal fin has the usual fringe of
long matted hairs or filaments (fig.15).

Imago, male. Tale yellow, a.bdomen pale yellowish green. The
head with proboscis and palpi pale yellow; antenna somewhat

296 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

infuscated, with pale hairs, basal joint yellow; palpi elongate;
the eyes conspicuously black, deeply notched. Thorax wholly yel-
low, with three buff-colored, sometimes indistinct, dorsal stripes.
Abdomen quite pale green, very slender and Avith pale hairs; geni-
talia (pl.33, figs.4 and 4a) yellow, with four pairs of appendages;
an elongate pair of lateral lobes with upturned ends (1), a pair of
elongate interior lobes with rounded ends (i), a pair of short
superior lobes with sharp apex and recurved setae (s), a pair of
mesad projecting brushlike appendages (a), and finally a curved
dorsal keel (d). Legs wholly cream white, tips of middle and
hind tibiae each Avith two tiny black combs, one tooth of each
comb being prolonged into a short spur. Legs rather hairy ; fore
metatarsus nearly three fourths longer than its tibia. Wings
white, hyaline, spotless, hairy, margin with long fringe, veins
pale. Anterior veins closely croAvded toAvards costal margin, so
that the veins are difficult to distinguish. Halteres white.
Length 1.5 to 2 mm.

Female. Like the male, differing only as follows : A little
shorter, antennae yellow, last joint dark on the lateral surface;
abdomen shorter and broader, and often entirely yellow, though
sometimes green.

This species is very common among the shrubbery near swift-
flowing brooks. Ithatfa N. Y.

14. Tanytarsus tenuis Meigen

1830 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beselir. 0:255,112'
1850 Chirononius Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9:3581, 113
1864 Chironomus Scbiuer. Fauna Austr. 2 : 598
1874 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Eut. 17 : 13-4
1877 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Dipt Neerl. p. 288, 11
1898 Chironomus Luudb. Viderisk. Meddel. p.284, 70

Pale greenish yellow; dorsum of the thorax with three ferru-
ginous longitudinal stripes; sternum and metathorax also fer-
ruginous. Abdomen of the male very slender, somewhat darkened
toAvard the end, and with long claspers. Antennae yelloAvish, the
hairs appearing lighter; palpi dark brown. Legs pale yellow, the
tibiae with black spots at the tip ; fore metatarsus twice as long
as its tibia. Wings whitish, delicately haired. Halteres pale
yellow. Length 2 to 3 mm. Schiner, loc. cit. Greenland. Lund-
beck. Specimens from South Dakota and Washington seem to be
this species.

15. Tanytarsus flavellus Zetterstedt

1838 Chironomus Zett. Ins. Lappon. p.SlG, 41
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3584, 117
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 598

.MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 297

1874 T.any tarsus V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17:134
1877 Tanytarsus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Neerl. p.288, 12

(P1.30, fig.21)

Head, antennae and palpi pale yellow; the anteimal hairs of
the male brownish yellow; tip of the palpus brownish ; eyes black.
Thorax, scutelluui and inetathorax pale yellow, the thoracic
stripes pale ferruginous; abdomen pale green; the claspers pale
yellow. Legs and halteres pale yellow ; fore metatarsus about 2.5
times as long as its tibia. Wings with yellowish tint, pale veins
and densely haired. Length 1.25 to 1.5 mm. Translation from
V. d. Wulp. Several specimens; Ithaca N. Y.

Tanytarsus (?) sp.

This is a very peculiar little larva from Saranac Inn N. Y. which
I doubtfully refer to Tanytarsus, though it may belong to
some one of the other genera, Ghasinatonotus, Euryc-
n e m u s , etc., the larvae of which have not yet been described
as far as I am aware.

Larva pale yellowish, length about 2.5 mm. It was found in a
little case constructed of grains of sand like those of some caddis-
flies. A dorsal view of the head is shown on pl.20, fig.10. The
head is about iy2 times as long as wide, dark brown in color.
There are a number of setae upon the dorsal surface, distributed
as in the figure; on the posterior part are about 12 blunt tuber-
cles; at the base of each antenna (a) is a peculiar process with
sharp, finger-like projections (b). The antennae are wanting in
the single specimen, but judging from the size of the basal articu-
lations they are probably considerably elongated. The labrum
possesses prominent setae; the epipharynx is provided with the
usual transverse comb, prominent and elongate lateral arms, and
curved setae. The mandible is stout and has a prominent lateral
subapical seta. The maxilla has a prominent palpus, and the
labium has a toothed margin much resembling the one .shown on
pl.22, fig.7, but with the central tooth somewhat wider and with
but 13 instead of 15 teeth. The anterior prolegs have a number
of slender, curved, pale setae, not pectinate. Upon the dorsal
surface of the thoracic segments are a few long, slender, pale
setae. The posterior end of the abdomen is wanting in this
specimen.

Genus 43. Eurycnenms Van der Wulp

Tijdschr. v. Entom. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 135

Imago. Head flat in front, covered by the conically produced
thorax ; front broad, arched ; eyes small, reniform ; ocelli wanting.

298 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Antennae of the male as long as the head and thorax taken
together, 14-jointed, the first joint short, disk-like, the following-
joints densely plumose; the antennae of the female shorter, 7-
jointed, with a few erect hairs. Proboscis short, palpi curved,
4-jointed, the joints of about equal length. Thorax and abdomen
hairy, the thorax strongly developed, highly arched, conic-ally pro-
duced in front; scutellum and metanotum arched; the sternum
projecting almost nipple-like from between the fore and middle
legs (pl.34, fig.24) . Abdomen cylindrical, thegenitalia moderately
enlarged; legs thickly haired, the apical ends of the femora and
all of the tibiae, particularly the hind ones, thickened; the fore
metatarsus about one fourth shorter than the fore tibia, upon each
side with long cilia. Wings long and narrow, thickly haired; the
anal angle prominent; Rx and R4_i.3 straight, the latter ending at
the end of the costa ; crossvein proximad of the mid length of the
wing; media unbranched, almost straight and entering the margin
immediately below the apex of the wing; the fork of the cubitus
distad of the crossvein; both branches bent gently downward;
humeral erossveins quite distinct. V. d. Wulp, loc. cit.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EITRYCNEMUS

Larvae and pupae of the species of this genus have never been described
as far as I arn aware. Walker's two species may not belong to this
genus, but are placed in the following key because of that author's state-
ment " allied to a e s t i v u s ."

Imagines

a Thoracic stripes and fasciae on abdominal segments brown ; length 4 mm.

(N. J.) 1. scitulus

aa Thoracic stripes yellow

' & Thorax yellow ; length 5.5 mm 2. u u i c o 1 o r

&& Thorax green with orange colored stripes ; length 9 mm.

3. 1 a s i o m e r u s

1. Eurycnemus scitulus Coquillett
1901 Eurycnemus Coq. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23 : COS

Female. Yellow, the palpi, apices of antennae, four vittae on
the mesonotum, a small spot below and slightly in front of each
wing, the metanotum, except the upper margin and sides, a broad
fascia at base of abdominal segments two to seven; the knees,
apices of tibiae and of tarsal joints, dark brown; mesonotum sub-
opaque, front tarsi bare; wings almost wholly covered with brown
hairs grayish hyaline, the portion in front of the first (RJ and
third (R4-f-5) veins pale brown; veins brown; length 4 mm.
Habitat : Riverton, New Jersey.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 299

2. Eurycnemus (?) unicolor Walker

1818 C h i r o n o m u s Walk. List Dipt. Brit. Mus. 1 : 19
1878 C h i r o n o m u s Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Female. Body hairy, saffron or pale orange color; feelers yel-
low; eyes black; legs pale yellow, very hairy; wings colorless,
hairy, fringed; veins yellow; poisers pale yellow. Length of body
5.5 mm.; of wings, 9 mm. Nova Scotia. Allied to a e s t i v n s.

3. Eurycnemus ( ?) lasiomerus Walker

1848 C b i r o n o m u s Walk. List Dipt Brit. Mus. 1-: 19
1878 C h i r o n o in u s Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.21

Male. Wings hairy. Head orange; feelers very downy; their
hairs yellow; chest green; the usual three stripes orange colored;
abdomen yellow, thickly fringed with hairs along each side; legs
yellow, hairy, especially the feet and the tips of the shanks of
the fore legs; wings white; veins pale yellow; poisers yellowish
white. Length of body 9 mm.; of wings 12 mm. Ht- Martin's falls,
Albany river, Hudson's bay.

This species has the chest produced in front like C . a e s t i -
vus Curtis (=C . hirtipes Macq.) to which it is nearly
allied. Walker, loc. cit. C. aestivus, mentioned above, is
a synonym of elegans Meig., the type species of the genus
Eurycnemus.

Genus 44. Metriocnemus Van der Wulp
Tijd. v. Entom. XVI (LXX) and XVII, 136

Imago. Antennae of the male fourteen- jointed, long and densely
plumose; antennae of the female seven-jointed, with a few sub-
erect hairs; in both sexes the first joint is thick, disk-like. Pro-
boscis short, palpi bent, four-jointed. Eyes emarginate, ocelli
wanting. Thorax highly arched, more or less produced over the
head, sternum strongly arched. Abdomen as in C h i r o n o m u s ;
in the male the anal is distinctly separated from the preceding
segments, and is provided with a pair of filiform or sometimes
widened claspers (pl.33, figs. 6, 8). Legs slender, the hind legs
hairy, fore metatarsus shorter than its tibia. Wings hairy, par-
ticularly toward the tip; anal angle prominent; the vein R4j.3
straight and running parallel with the distal end of Rt and ending
a short distance before the tip of the costa ; the crossvein is at or
even a little proximad of the mid length of the wing; the media is
simple; the fork of the cubitus is directly under or even a little

300 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

distad of the crossveiii; both branches gently bent downward
toward the hind margin of the wing; humeral crossvein more or
less distinct. Small species usually not exceeding 4 mm in length.
V. d. Wulp, loc cit. For a characterization of larva and pupa, see
M. knabi.

KEY TO SPECIES OF METRIOCNEMTJS

Imagines
a, Yellowish species

6 Abdomen brown with the incisures more or less yellow
c Fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia; length 1 to

1.33 mm 1. n a n u s

cc Fore metatarsus about 0.8 as long as its tibia ; length 3 mm.

2. f 1 a v i f r o n s n. sp.
66 Abdomen chiefly yellow

c Large species 6 or 7 mm. in length ; thorax yellow with three brown-
ish stripes, and yellow abdomen with brown spots

3. par. n. sp.
cc Smaller species with abdomen nearly uniformly yellow

d. Species having wings only sparsely haired ; the posterior branch
of the cubitus suddenly deflected ; abdomen yellow ; length 2 to
3mm. (Greenland). (See Camptocladius gramini-
cola)
dd Not as above

e Rffc short, ending far before the tip of the wing; halteres
white ; length 1.25 to 1.75 mm. (Greenland)

4. debilipennis
ee R4-f0 extends nearly to the tip of the wing ; halteres yellow

5. lundbeckii nom. uov.
aa Grayish, brown, or blackish species

6 Thorax with three blackish stripes ; ground color yellow ; scutellum
and metanoturn black ; legs sordidly yellow or pale fuscous ; fore
metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia ; abdomen fuscous ;

male ; length 2 mm 6. e x a g i t a n s n. sp.

66 Not as above
c Legs yellow

d Thorax gray with black stripes ; abdomen usually with whitish
incisures ; fore metatarsus nearly as long as its tibia ; length

3 mm 7. incomptus

dd Thorax with yellow ground color and blackish stripes ; abdomen
with posterior margins of segments yellow ; fore metatarsus 0.8

as long as its tibia 2. f 1 a v i f r o n s n. sp.

oc Legs black or brown

d Smaller species ; length 1.5 to 2 mm.
e Halteres black ; dull black, resembling Orth. stereo ra-

rius 8. atratulus

ee Halteres white ; black ; metanotum somewhat polished

11. knabi

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 301

(Id Larger species ; if 2 to 2.5 mm., then velvet black, and otherwise

not as above

e Legs long and densely haired ; fore metatarsus two thirds as
long as its tibia ; length 3 to 4 min. (Greenland)

9. u r s i n u s

ee Legs sparsely haired ; male velvet black, female dull ; fore meta-
tarsus but little over half as long as its tibia

10. fuscipes

NOTE. — Consult also auxiliary key containing Walker's species, p.198.

1. Metriocnemus nanus Meigen

1818 Chironomus Meigen. Syst. Beschr. 1 : 50, 69
1874 M e t r i o c n e m u s V. d. Wulp. Tijd. v. Ent. 17 :136
1877 Metriocnemus V. <1. Wulp. Dipt. Need, p.292, 4

Antennae and palpi dark brown; head and thorax yellowish
green, the stripes grayish black, the sternum black. Abdomen
brown above with pale incisures, the venter pale yellow. Legs
brown. Wings hyaline, the veins somewhat brown. Halteres
white. Length, male, 1.33 mm.; female, 1 mm. Meigen, loc. cit.

This species is said to occur in Greenland (Lundbeck) . The iden-
tification being doubtful, Lundbeck redescribed the Greenland
specimens. For these I propose the name lundbeckii (see
no. 5.)

2. Metriocnemus flavifrons n. sp.

(P1.31, fig.l)

Male. Head yellow, proboscis and palpi fuscous, the first joint
of the antenna shining brown, the second yellow, the remaining
joints and the hairs fuscous. Ej-es black. Dorsum of the thorax
yellow with three dull, dark brown stripes, sparsely covered with
pale hairs. Pleura yellow, scutellum, metanotum, and sternum
dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with the posterior one third
of each segment yellow; hairs and the genitalia pale brown.
Coxae brown, legs yellowish, the tarsi slightly infuscated, legs
very sparsely haired, anterior metatarsus about four fifths as
long as its tibia. Wings hyaline, hairy, R4+5 straight and ends
dose to the tip of the wing; halteres pale. Length 3 mm.

Female. Like the male, but has wider wings; venation as
figured. Ithaca N. Y., July.

3. Metriocnemus par n. sp.
(P1.31, fig.2; pl.33, fig.6)

Male. Yellow, the antennae except the basal joint, apices of
front femora, of their tibiae and of the first two-tarsal joints,
the whole of the remaining joints, also the last two on the other

302 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

tarsi, brown ; a pair of rather large black or dark brown spots
on abdominal segments two to seven, last segment and the geni-
talia (pi. 33, fig.6) also brown; mesonotum marked with three
darker yellow or brownish vittae, the middle one divided, hairs
of the antennae brownish; front tarsi destitute of long hairs,
middle and hind legs rather hairy, the fore metatarsus about
three fourths as long as its tibia, the fourth joint of the tarsi
more than one fourth as long as the first; wings hairy, whitish
hyaline, the veins yellowish; venation as figured; length 6.5 mm.
In one specimen, the one with the darker thoracic vittae, the
tips of the middle and hind femora and tibiae are darkened.
Axton, N. Y. A female specimen from New Jersey has dark
brown thoracic stripes and larger spots on abdomen.

In the paper by Messrs MacGillivray and Houghton in the
Entomological News, January, 1903, this fly was identified as
Orthocladius par Coq., with the description of which it
agrees pretty wrell except for its hairy wings; the latter fact I
had overlooked.

4. Metriocnemus debilipennis Lundbeck

1898 C h i r o n o m u s Lunclb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.28G, 76
1902 Metriocnemus Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1 : 229

Male. Thorax yellow, with three brown stripes, the median
one posteriorly, the lateral ones anteriorly abbreviated, the
pleura yellow, the sternum brownish gray, the scutellum yellow,
the metathorax brown. Abdomen yellow, with yellow pile.
Antennae brown ; the palpi sordidly yellow. Legs yellow, the
halteres white. The wings whitish hyaline, hairy, the anal lobe
but little produced, obtuse-angled, Rt and Rt+- run close
together, the latter much shortened, and runs into the costa far
before the tip of Ciij; the media runs into the tip, the base of
the fork of the cubitus is a little distad of the base of R4+3, the
lower branch is a little curved at the tip. The middle and hind
legs are distinctly pilose, the anterior metatarsus is a little
shorter than the tibia.

Female. A little shorter than the male, also a little paler, the
wings wider and more hairy, the anal lobe more widely rounded ;
in other respects like the male. Length, male and female, 1,25
to 1.75 mm. Greenland. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

5. Metriocnemus lundbeckii nom. nov.

1898 C h i r o n o m u s n a n u s Lundb. (nee Mcig.). Viden. Med. p.28o

Male. Thorax yellow, in dried specimens often sordidly yellow

or fuscous, with three brown stripes, the middle one abbreviated

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 303

posteriorly or less distinct, the lateral ones anteriorly abbre-
viated; the pleura yellow, the sternum brown, the scutellum
yellow, the metathorax more or less dilutely brown. Abdomen
yellow with yellow pile. Antennae dilutely brown or yellow ; the
palpi yellow. Legs and halteres yellow. Wings whitish hyaline,
moderately hairy, the anal lobe not produced, widely rounded, the
veins thin and pale, toward the costa a little stronger, R4-<-5
straight, its apex nearly over the tip of Cu^ ; the costa is produced
a little beyond the tip of the radius, the media runs into the tip,
the posterior branch of the cubitus is suddenly deflected. The
middle and hind legs are hairy; the fore metatarsus is a little
shorter than its tibia.

Female. Shorter than the male, its thorax a little paler, the
wings a little more hairy ; in other respects like the male. Length
1.5 to 2 mm. Southern Greenland. Lundbeck, loc. cit.

Var. a. (P1.31, fig.3.) Some Ithaca specimens agree very well
with the above description, but the palpi are pale fuscous instead
of yellow, and the sternum is dusky yellow instead of brown.
The fore tarsi are slightly infuscated and the posterior branch of
the cubitus is suddenly deflected near the end similar to but in less
degree than in C a m p t o c 1 a d i u s ; in the latter respect it
differs particularly from my specimens of M . n a n u s Meigen.
The fore metatarsus is about three fourths as long as its tibia.

Var. ft. A specimen from Chicago is wholly yellow; the mouth
parts, antennae, three thoracic stripes, a spot on the pleura, the
nietanotum and sternum, brown. The legs, excepting the coxae
and trochanters, somewhat infuscated. Wings hyaline, hairy,
anterior veins slightly yellow. Halteres yellow. Length 2.5 mm.

6. Metriocnemus exagitans n. sp.
(P1.31, fig.4)

Male. Head yellowish, palpi and antennae fuscous, proboscis
yellowish; d'orsum of thorax with three subshining blackish
stripes, the middle one divided; the phira, hunieri, and space
between the dorsal stripes, yellow; a spot on the pleura, the
sternum, scutellum and metanotum subshining black. Hairs on
dorsum black. Abdomen wholly fuscous or subfuscous, . the
hairs and the genitalia somewhat paler. Coxae fuscous, the
trochanters and bases of femora yellow; remaining parts of the
legs sordidly yellow or pale fuscous; the fore metatarsus about
two thirds as long as its tibia. Wings hairy, hyaline, very slightly
smoky; R4_f.- extends nearly to the tip of the wing; costa extends
a little beyond the tip of R4+5; venation as figured. Halteres
yellowish. Length 2 mm. Two specimens, Ithaca, N. Y.

304 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

7. Metriocnemus incomptus Zetterstedt

1838 Chironoinus Zert. Ins. Lappon. p.816, 42

1850 Chironoinus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3586, 121

1864 Chironomus Scbiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 607

1898 Chirouomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.285, 73

Gray; dorsum of the thorax with three black longitudinal
stripes, which are often indistinct; the metanotum blackish; the
abdomen with pale incisures, at the base sometimes lighter. Head
dark; the palpi pale yellow, the antennae testaceous. Legs pale
yellow, the coxae and all the articulations brown or at least
darker; fore metatarsus but little shorter than its tibia. Wings
whitish, spotless, thickly haired ; the halteres pale. Length 3 mm.
Schiner, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.)

The fly described by Van der Wulp as M . incomptus is a
synonym of M . m o d e s t u s Meigen according to Kertesz
(1902).

8. Metriocnemus atratulus Zetterstedt

1850 Chironoinus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3590, 128

1864 Chironoruus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 608, 56
1884 Metriocnemus Mik. Wien. Eut. Zeitg. 3 :202
1898 Chironoinus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.285, 74

(PI.31, fig.5; pl.33, fig.S.)

Resembles Orthocladius stereo rarius Deg., but
differs in having hairy wings. Dull black; abdomen black-haired;
the anal segment wider. Antennae and its hairs black. The legs
black, the tarsi brown ; the fore metatarsus but little more than
one half as long as its tibia. Halteres black; wings white, with a
darker stripe at its base; delicately haired. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.
Schiner, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.)

Several specimens from Ithaca, 1ST. Y., agreeing with the above
description have the thoracic hairs, especially of the male, pale

brown.

9. Metriocnemus ursinus Holmgren

1869 Chironoinus Holmgr. K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:5, 39
1898 Chirouomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p. 284, 71
1902 Metriocnemus Kertesz. Cat'l. Dipt. 1 : 232

1865 Chironoinus arcticus Bohem. 6fv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh

p.574, 19
1845 C h i r o n o m u s a t e r r i in u s Staeger (nee Meig. ) . Krojer.

Naturh. Tids. 1:353,8
1878 Chironoinus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p.20

Male. Head black; antennae fuscous black, densely plumose,
basal joints of the flagellum stouter. Thorax black, subopaque,

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 305

in some lights shining cinereous; black bristled, especially on the
sides in front of the wings; scutellum obtuse, black bristled.
Abdomen black and black-haired, the anal segment obtuse, flat-
tened (after death), the appendages bearded. The wings cinereous
whitish, toward the costa somewhat infuscate, the tip hairy, espe-
cially in the radial cell, the remaining surface nearly bare; the
posterior margin ciliate. Halteres fuscous black. The legs fus-
cous black and long-haired except the fore tibiae and tarsi, which
are short pilose; fore metatarsus one third shorter than its tibia.
Female. The thorax and abdomen with pale setae, the wings
somewhat hairy; the halteres fuscous black or sometimes pale
fuscous. Length 3 to 4 mm. Holmgren, loc. cit. (Greenland,
Lundbeck.)

Lundbeck (1898 p.284) in a note states, " The wings are very
sparsely haired and only toward the apex, the wing of the female
being a little more hairy between the branches of the radius
than that of the male. The hairs seem to. rub off readily, and
hence many specimens are found with only a trace."

10. Metriocnemus fuscipes Meigen

1818 Chironomus Meig. Syst. Bescbr. 1 :49, 65
1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt. Scand. 9 : 3578, 107

1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 607

1874 Metriocnemus V. d. Wulp. Tijds. v. Ent. 17 : 136

1877 Metriocnemus V. d. Wulp. Dipt. Need, p.291, 2
1898 Chironomus Lundb. Vidensk. Meddel. p.284, 72

1865 Chironomus carbo Phil. Verb., z. b. Ges. Wien. 15 : 600, 11
181S Chironomus picipes Meig. Syst. Beschr. 1:25,74

1850 Chironomus Zett. Dipt Scand. 9 : 3589, 125
1864 Chironomus Schiner. Fauna Austr. 2 : 612

1878 Chironomus Ost. Sack. Cat'l. Dipt. N. A. p. 21

Black, not shining; the anal segment of the male wider than
the preceding one. Forceps small, its arms rather robust. Palpi
and antennae black, the hairs of the latter sometimes tinged with
brown. Legs black, or pitchy; fore metatarsus about one half as
long as its tibia. Wings pale brownish or whitish according to
the incidence of the light ; the hairs dark, more perceptible at the
tip ; fork of the cubitus distad of the small crossvein. Halteres of
the male black, of the female pale. Length 3 to 4.5 mm. Schiner
and V. d. Wulp, loc. cit. (Greenland, Lundbeck.)

The species described by Zetterstedt appears to be different,
judging from the different relative lengths of fore tibia and
metatarsus.

306 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The following is Meigen's description of M . p i c i p e s :

Wholly velvet black, including antennae and halteres ; only the
legs are pitchy, and the wings are grayish, hairy. Length 2 to
2.5 mm. (Greenland, Staeger.)

11. Metriocnemus knabi Coquillett
1904 Metriocnemus Goq. Canadian Entomologist, p.ll

Larva. Pale yellow ; head dark yellow ; eyes, apical half of the
mandibles, margin of the labiuni, dark brown. Claws of both fore
and hind prolegs yellow; the dorso-caudal papillae yellow, with
about six black setae. Head short, about 1.5 times as long as
wide; antennae short like Chirouomus; eye spots small, each
composed of two confluent pigment spots, the anterior one

Fig. 16 Ventral aspect of Fig. 17 Dorsal aspect of

larval mouth parts of Me- caudal end of pupa of Me-

triocnemus knabi x!80 triocnemus knabi x!80

smaller. Mouth parts resembling those of Orthocladius, the
mesad projecting processes of the maxillae spine-like, the palpi
small; the laibruni, epipharynx, lateral arms and hypopharynx
as in the above-mentioned genus. Labium with the first and
second pairs of lateral teeth smaller than the third, fourth and
fifth pairs. Anterior prolegs with simple setae (i. e. not pecti-
nate) , at the base punctate with groups of minute and very short
spines. The claws of the posterior prolegs of two sizes, the
laterals slender, the peripherals shorter, stouter and broadened
at base. There are four anal blood gills on the 12th segment
but the ventrals of the llth segment appear to be wanting. The
dorso-caudal papillae are more than three times their diameter
in length, in this respect resembling Tanypus. At the apex of
each papilla there are about six long black setae.

Pupa. It resembles an Orthocladius pupa, but the breathing
trumpets are apparently wanting. The dorsal posterior margin
of each abdominal segment minutely scalloped. Near the anterior

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 307

margin of each segment there is a transverse patch of short, fine
setae with stout bases. The last segment terminates in a bilobed
paddle. The genital sack of the male pupa is longer than that of
the female. The specimens of larvae and pupae upon which these
descriptions are based were obtained from Mr. Fred Kuab.

Imago, male and female. Black, knobs of the halteres whitish,
hairs of antennae brown, those of the body yellowish ; mesonotum
somewhat polished, front tibiae twice as long as the first joint of
their tarsi, hind tibiae outwardly fringed with rather long hairs,
all tarsi with a short pubescence, but without hairs, the fourth
joint slender and longer than the fifth; wings grayish hyaline,
densely covered with brown hairs, third vein (R4-f.-) almost
straight; length 1.25 to 2 mm. Westfield, Massachusetts. De-
scription of the imago from Coquillett; loc. cit.

The male genitalia of the type shown on pi. 33, figs. 1, 2 and 8.

Genus 45. Scopelodromus Chevrel
Arch, de Zool. Exp. et Gen. 4 ser. 1:1. 1903.

This genus as defined by its author appears to be closely related
to or identical with Thalassomyia. Antennae in both sexes seven
jointed; the first joint disklike, the second slightly elongate, the
third to sixth short and closely sessile, the seventh ovate and
slightly enlarged, its apex with a minute button. The palpi are at
least as long as the antennae, four jointed; the first joint appear-
ing double, mushroom shaped, its stem obconate, short pubescent,
its head flattened, discoidal, pilose and provided with setae;
the second joint is splicrical and with a short pedicel; the third
and fourth joints are elongate as in Thalassomyia. The tarsal
claws of all the feet of the female, both claws of each hind foot,
and the outer claws of the other feet of the male, simple; the
inner claw of each fore and middle foot of the male is stouter,
flattened, spoon shaped, and from the figure it appears as if the
apical margin were scalloped; the empodium pectinate. The apex
of the abdomen of the female is provided with a pair of jointed
appendages; the basal joint of each is slender, the second short,
obconate, the third disklike, thin, its plane vertical, oval in out-
line, its apical margin notched ; male genitalia resembles that of
Thalassomyia fusca. The form of the head, eyes, thorax, abdo-

308 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

men, legs, etc. like Thalassomyia. The fore metatarsus is shorter
than its tibia, the fourth tarsal joint on all feet of both sexes
obcordate, shorter than the fifth; apex of each tibia with two
delicate setae; wing venation as in Thalassomyia, the surface
under a low power, appears punctate, under high power, short
haired.

The larvae were found upon the rocks among the algae at the
seacoast, in the Bay of Saint Malo, Brittany. They are described
as green in color, ten or twelve mm. in length. The labiuni has
14 teeth, the two median, larger than those adjacent; in other
respects it does not appear to differ from Thalassomyia fusca.
The eggs are oval, measuring 200 to 280 microns, and are
deposited singly or in little groups, embedded in a jellylike
substance.

The type species and the only one described, is S . i s e m e r i -
ni u s Chevrel. From Chevrel's description it will be seen that
the female differs from Thalassomyia fusca and c o n -
gregata in the form of the first and second palpal joint and
in color characters. Whether it differs in any particular from
T. frauenfeldi I am unable to say since Schiner's description does
not mention the form of the palpal joints. The male differs from
the male of T. fusca in the number of antenna! joints, the form
of the first two palpal joints and in the formation of the tarsal
claws. The males ofT. congregata and frauenfeldi
have not been described as far as I am aware.

Genus 46. Macroptilum Becker
Mitteilungen d. Zool. Museum. Berlin No. 2. 2:77
Since the foregoing pages were written it was found that this
genus, which was recently described by Becker, was overlooked.
The type of the genus and the only described species is M a c r o p-
t i 1 u m n u d u m BeckeT, from Egypt.

Errata
P. 142, line 14, for " pulcripennis " read " pulchripennis."

ADDENDA

A number of larvae representing- three species were taken by
Mr. R. E. Richardson from the stomach of a shovel-nose sturgeon.
The fish was caught June 1904 in the Mississippi river -near
Grafton, Illinois. All the specimens were in rather poor con-
dition, but they nevertheless exhibit peculiar characters which
prevent placing them in any of the foregoing genera. Two of
them (A and B) are certainly members of the group Chironomus,
and possibly belong to the genus Tanytarsus. The third one is a
Chironomid having both Chironomus and Ceratopogon affinities.

Chironomus sp. A.

Length 7 mm. Body stout, greenish in color; head brown, small,
only about half as wide as the thoracic segment, tapering; eyes
each consisting of two small distinctly separated pigment spots,

Fig. 18 Mandible and labium; larva A x400; larva B x!80

situated as far cephalad as the margin of the labium. Anterior
prolegs with rather numerous curved setae; posterior prolegs
slender with a few bilobed pale brown claws. Antennae long,
more than half the length of the head, three- jointed, besides the
short basal prominence and two slender apical processes; first
joint long, second very short, no longer than wide, third about f
as long as the first. Mandible stout, darkened apically, with
moderately stout teeth; labium with margin concave (see figure).
Teeth arranged on each <side of the center line, the middle section
toothless. There are four anal blood gills but there are none on
the ventral surface of the eleventh segment; above the superior
pair of anal -gills are two stout setae; the dorso-caudal papillae
are short, each with a tuft of long pale brown setae.

310 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Chironomus sp. B.

Length 6.5 nim. ; color greenish ; head brown, rectangular, nearly
as wide as the first thoracic segment ; eyes as in species "A" de-
scribed above; antennae long, about half as long as the head,
three-jointed, not counting the basal prominence and the apical
processes; the first and third joints about of equal length, the
middle one a;bout f as long as the first. Mandible stout, black
tipped, the teeth very prominent; labium rounded, teeth small,
the first laterals shorter than the second (fig.lSB). Fore pro-
legs with rather short spines; posterior prolegs not visible and
probably destroyed. Caudal papillae and anal blood gills present,
but not in sufficiently good condition to describe; ventral blood
gills wanting.

Chironomid sp. C.

Length 9 mm. Body stout, green in color; head very small,
slender and tapering, yellowish; mouth parts resembling those
of Ceratopogon ; mandibles small, slender, sharp, and apparently
move in a nearly vertical plane. .On the convex surface of the
mandible is a slender spine. The antennae are long and slender,
nearly as long as the head, the articulations indistinct, apex with
slender processes. Eyes each consisting of a pair of pigment
spots situated on the posterior fourth of the head. Margin of
the labium apparently straight, toothless, not blackened, bounded
on each side by the fan-shaped membrane which is present in
Chironomus, the striations particularly distinct. Anterior pro-
legs prominent, with comparatively few, long, slender, curved,
yellow, but not pectinate claws. These claws are not hair-like
as in Chironomus, but more like the claws of the anterior prolegs
of Geratopogon sens. str. Posterior prolegs long and very slender,
claws few in number and very small, very much smaller and
shorter than those of the fore legs. Dorso-caudal papillae with
its setae and the anal blood gills present. The poor condition of
the specimens renders further description impossible.

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MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 313

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*1866 Laboulbene. Ann. Soc. Ent. France. 6, 285.

*1S69 Laboulbene. Ann. Soc. Ent. France. 9:157-166.

1805 latreille. Hist. Nat. d. Crust, et d. Ins. XIV.

1809 latreille. Gen. Ins. et Crust. 4:248.

*1900 Leger. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (Feb.).

*1891 Levi-Morenos. Journ. Roy. Micro. Soc. 337.

*1758 Linne. Fauna Suecica. 436.

1758 Linne. Syst. Nat. Ed. X.

1767 Linne. Syst. Nat Ed. XII.

18S2 Lintner. Inj. and otber Ins. of State of N. Y. 1st Rept.

1885 Lintner. Inj. and otber Ins. of State of N. Y. 2d Rept.
*1843 Loew. Stett. Ent. Zeit 28.

1861 Loew. Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V. 33-43.

1861 Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeit. Scbr. V.

1865 Loew. Berl. Ent. Zeitscbr. IX.

1866 Loew. Berl. Ent Zeitscbr. X.
*1902 Long. Biol. Bui. 3. 3-15.

1898 Lundbeck. Vidensk. Meddel. 269-295.

*1830 Lyonet. Mem. Postb. 17.

*1830 Lyonet. Mem. d. Mus. drbist Nat. XIX. 85-89.

1903a MacGillivray & Houghton. Ent. News. 10.

1903b MacGillivray. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. (March).

1826 Macqnart. Recueil. Soc. Sc. Agri. Lille.

1834 Macqnart. Suites a Buffon. Dipteres I.

1855 Macquart. Dipteres Exotiques 5e. Suppl.

1874 Mayer. Amer. Journ. Sc. 3d ser. VIII. 89-103.

1874 Mayer. Amer. Nat. VIII. 577-592.

1803 Meigen. Illiger's Magaz. II.

1804 Meigen. Klass. u. Beschr. d. Europ. Zweifll. Ins. I.

1818 Meigen. Syst Bescbr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Ins. I.

1830 Meigen. Syst Bescbr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Ins. VI.

1838 Meigen. Syst. Bescbr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Ins. VII.

*1886 Meinert. Vidensk. Selsk., 6. Raekke, naturvid. III. 4.

*1882 Meinert. Ent Tidskr. 3:83-86.

*1895 Miall. Nat Hist of Aquatic Insects. Svo. 395pp.

*1891 Miall. Nature, XLIV. 457-462.

*1900 Miall & Hammond. The Harlequin Fly.

1886 Mik. Wiener Ent Zeitg. V. 187.
*1888 Mik. Wiener Ent Zeitg. VII. 185.
*1S89 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. VIII. 73, 235.

314 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

•

*1S94 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. XIII. 23.

*1896 Mik. Wiener Ent. Zeitg. XV. 242-247.

* Monnier. Bulletin Soc. Vand. 2. XIII. p.60.

*1S97 Morley. Eut. Monthly Mag. XXXIII. 90.

*— Mueller, 0. F. Von Wiirmern des siissen u. salz. Wassers. 22.

*1899 Needham. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bui. 39. Part O.

*1901 Needham. N. Y. State Museum, Bulletin 47.

*1903 Needham. N. Y. State Museum, Bulletin 68.

1873 Nowicki. Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Dipt. Fauna Galizieus.

*1896 Osborn. Iowa Experiment Station Kept. No. 32.

*1S70 Osten Sacken. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. III. 51.

1877 Osten Sacken. U. S. Geol. Survey. Bulletin. Art. XIII.

1878 Osten Sacken. Catalogue of Diptera, N. A.

*18G9 Packard. Proc. and Commun. Essex Instit, VI. 42.

*1870 Packard. Amer. Journ. Sc. I. 100-110.

*1870 Packard. Monthly Micros. Journ. V. 133.

*1SS4 Packard. Amer. Nat. XVIII. 826-828.

1813 Panzer. Fauna Germanica. CIX.

*1S47 Perris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

*1870 Perris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 138, 232, 320, 366.

*1900 Pettit. Mich. Ac. of Sc. First Kept. 110.

1865 Philippi. Verh. z. b. Gesel. Wien. XV, 600. 11.

1851 Poey. Meru. sobre la Hist. Nat. de la Isla de Cuba. I.

*173S Reaumur. Mem. IV.

1884 Ridley. Ent. Monthly Mag.

*1SS6 Riley. Ann. Kept. U. S. Comm. Agr. (Chironomus).

1856 Rondani. Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus. I.

1857 Rondani. Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus. II.

1823 Say. Journ. Ac-ad. Nat. Sc. III.

1824 Say. American Entomology. II.
1829 Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. VI.
1859 Say. Complete Writings. I, II.
185G Schiner. Verh. z. b. Ver. VI. 216.
1862 Schiner. Fauna Austriaca. I.
1864 Schiner. Fauna Austriaca. II.

*1S6S Schiner. Reise der Oestr. Fregatte Novara. Diptera.
*1S48 Scholtz. Ent. Z. Breslau. 1 :3, 9, 22.

1803 Schrank. Fauna Boica. III.

*1854 Schubaert. Handel. Nederl. Eiitorn. Vereeu. 10-12, 13-15.
*1849 Schubaert. Allgem. Konst. en Letterbode. 40, 41.
*1850 Schubaert. Allgem. Konst. en Letterbode. 48-50.

1SS6 Scudder. U. S. Geol. Survey, Bui. 31. 91.

1889 Skuse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2). IV. 215-331.
*1879 Slater. The Entomologist. 87.

Slosson. Lists of Diptera. Ent. News.

1899 Smith. See Johnson (1S99).
*1872 Smith. U. S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries. II. 693.

1839 Staeger. Krojer's Naturhist. Tidsskr. II.

1845 Staeger. Krojer's Naturhist. Tidsskr. I, n. ser.

1829 Stephens. A Syst. Cat'l. of Brit. Ins.

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 315

*18G7 Swainson. Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. 99.

*1S94 Swainson. Brit. Natur. 107.

*1903 Taylor. Ent. Soc. London. Trans. 521.

*1892 Theobald. An account of the Brit, flies. I. 171-204.

*18S3 To'mosvary. Ternieszetrajza Fiizetek. VII. 19.

*18S4 Tomosvary. Ertekezesek a terin.-tud. korebol. XIV. 1.

1893 Townsend. Psyche. 6:370.

1894 Townsend. Journ. Institute Jamaica. I. 381.

1897 Townsend. Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist. Ser. (1 XIX. 17. 1.

1875 Treat. Amer. Naturalist. IX. 6GO.

1903 TJlmer. All. Zeit. f. Ent. 8:401.

1858 Van der Wulp. Tijdschr. v. Entorn. II.

1808 Van der Wulp. Tijdschr. v. Entomol. X (II).

1873 Van der Wulp. Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XVI.

1874 Van der Wulp. Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XVII.
1877 Van der Wulp. Diptera Neerlandica. I.

*1900 Vaney. Comptes reudus. L'acad. d. Sc. Paris (Nov.).

*1847 Verloren. Acad. Roy. cl. Belgique. Sav. Etr. II-III.

1875 Verrall. Phil. Trans, of the Royl. Soc. London. Vol. Ids.
*1SG1 Vinen. Linn. Soc. London. Jr. of Proc. 3.

*1838 Fisher v. Waldheim. Oryctogr. d. Moscou. X.

*1G84 Wagner. Ephem. Acad. Nat. Curios. De generatione Cnlicuiu. 3G8.

1848 Walker. List Diptera Brit. Mus. I.

1856 Walker. Ins. Saundersiana, Diptera. I.

1S5G Walker. Ins. Brit. Diptera. III.

*1893 Wassmann. Wien. Ent. Zeitg. XII. 277.

*1S9S Weltner. S. B. Ges. naturf. Berlin. 63-68.

*1840 Westwood. Introduction, etc. II. 124, 510, 516.

*1873 Weyenbergh. Stettiner Ent. Zeit. 452-458.

*1874 Weyenbergh. Tijdschr. v. Ent. XVII. 149.

1883 Weyenbergh. Stettiner Ent. Zeit. XLIV.

*1SSG Weyenbergh. Tijdschr. v. Entomol. XXIX. 125-133.

1828 Wiedemann. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. I.

1830 Wiedemann. Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. II.

1896 Williston. Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 253-449.

1896 Williston. Manual of the N. A. Diptera.

1900 Williston. Biologia Oentrali Americana. Diptera. 224-225.

*1S73 Willemoes-Suhm. Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool. XXIII. 351.

1846 Winnertz. Stettiuer Entomol. Zeit. VII. 12.

1852 Winnertz. Linnaea Entomologica. VI.

1852 Winnertz. Stettiner Ent. Zeit. XIII. 50.

Wulp. See Van der Wulp.

*1842 Zeller. Isis. 807.

1838 Zetterstedt. Insecta Lapponica. Diptera. (1838-1840.)

1850 Zetterstedt. Diptera Scancl. IX.

*1S50 Zetterstedt. Diptera Scand. IX. 3476, 3483, 3653.

1852 Zetterstedt. Diptera Scaucl. XI.

1855 Zetterstedt. Diptera Scand. XII.

1860 Zetterstedt. Diptera Scand. XIV.

316 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

EXPLANATIONS TO THE PLATES

PLATE 1
The bull-frog, Rana catesbiana Shaw. Photo by Dr. J. L. Hancock

PLATE 2
Hemerobian wings

1 Wings of Heine robins tutatrix Fitch.

2 Wings of Spadobius occidentalis Fitch.

PLATE 3
Hemerobian wings

1 Wings of Micromus insipid us Ilagen.

2 Wings of M i c r o in u s j o n a s sp. nov.

3 Wings of Palruobius arniculus Fitch.

PLATE 4
Mayflies

1 Wings of subimago of Baetisca obesa Say. showing color

pattern : 1, 2, 3, anal veins.

2 Lateral view of nymph of Baetisca obesa Say

3 Wings of imago of-Ecdyurus maculipeunis Walsh

4 Wings of imago of Heptageuia inter puuctata Say

PLATE 5
Chirotenetes

1 Female imago of Chirotenetes albomanicatus sp. nov.

2 Wings of subimago of same

3 Lateral view of nymph of same

4 Dorsal view of nymph of same

PLATE 6
Chirotenetes

1 End of male abdomen of Chirotenetes albomanicatus sp.*

nov. viewed from below ; f, forceps ; m, rudimentary median caudal
seta

2 Labrum of nymph of same species

3 Labium of nymph of same

4 Mandible of nymph of same

5 Maxilla of nymph of same, with suboval gill tuft attached

6 Base of antenna of nymph of same

7 Fore leg of same, with coxal gill tuft attached

8 Hind leg of same

9 Claw of hind tarsus of same

10 Gill lamella of the fourth abdominal segment with gill tuft attached to
its base on the under side

PLATE 7
Mayfly nymphs (photographed from alcoholic specimens)

1 Nymph of Ameletus ludens sp. nov.

2 Nymph of Choroterpes basalis Banks

3 Nymph of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh

* White fore torsi accidentally cut away in cutting out the back-ground.

MAY PLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 317

4 Ventral view of nymph of Rhithrogena elegantula Etn. ?

5 Dorsal view of the same

6 Ventral view of Iron sp? from Coy Glen near Ithaca

7 Dorsal view of the same

PLATE 8
Choroterpes and Ameletus

1 Wings of imago of Choroterpes basalis Banks

2 Abdominal appendages of the male imago of same, from below

3 Labium of nymph of the same

4 Maxilla of nymph of the same

5 Labrum of nymph of the same

G Mandible of the nymph of the same

7 Gill filament of the first abdominal segment of the same

8 Gill lamellae of the fourth abdominal segment of the same
!) Venation of the wings of Ameletus 1 u d e n s sp. nov.

PLATE 9
Mayfly nymphs (photographed from alcoholic specimens)

1 Three nymphs of Ephemerella excruciaiis Walsh, showing

differences in depth of coloration ; the left front foot of the left hand
specimen has been lost and is regenerating

2 Nymph an unknown Ephemerella from Pecos New Mex.

3 Dorsal and ventral views of nymphs of H e p t a g e n i a interpunc-

tata Say

4 Dorsal and ventral views of nymphs of Heptagenia sp? no. 3,

from Ithaca N. Y.

PLATE 10
Drunella and Ephemerella

1 Venation of fore wing of nymph of Drunella g r a n d i s Etn. ?

2 Venation of hind wing of same

3 Face of the nymph of same (male)

4 Claw of hind tarsus of same

5 Claw of hind tarsus of Ephemerella b i s p i u a sp. nov.

G Lateral view of nymph of Drunella g r a n d i s Etn?, legs removed

7 Dorsal view of abdomen of nymph of Ephemerella sp? from

Richfield Springs N. Y.

8 Male abdominal appendages of Ephemerella ex crucians

Walsh

9 Male abdominal appendages of Ephemerella sp? from Pecos N.

Mex.
10 Male abdominal appendages of Ephemerella b i s p i u a sp. nov.

PLATE 11
Leptophlebia and Caenis

1 Venation of wings of Leptophlebia praepedita Etn.

2 Abdominal appendages of male of same, drawn from mounted slide, the

ventral processes of the inner appendages somewhat turned aside by
pressure of the coverglass

3 Venation of the wing of Caeuis hilaris Say

4 Venation of the Wing of Caenis diniinuta Walker

318 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

5 End of male abdomen of same from below

6 End of male abdomen of C a e n i s h i 1 a r i s Say, from below.

3 and 4 to same scale ; 5 and 6 to same scale

PLATE 12
Nymph of Polymitarcys albus Say

DRAWINGS BY W. E. HOWARD

1 Dorsal view of the nymph

2 Mandible

3 Maxilla

4 The right fore leg

5 Labium

0 Antenna

7 A gill from the fourth abdominal segment

8 Labrum

PLATE 13

1 Apex of abdomen of H y d r o p t i 1 a c o n s i ni i 1 i s from beneath

2 Apex of abdomen of Hydro p til a consimilis from above

3 Apex of abdomen of H y d r o p t i 1 a c o u s i m i 1 i s from side

4 Another view of penis of Hydroptila consimilis

5 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus from beneath

6 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus from side

7 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila delineatus latero dorsal

aspect

8 Apex of abdomen of H y d r o p t i 1 a s p a t u 1 a t a from beneath

9 Dorsal of plate of Hydroptila s p a t u 1 a t a from above (not

quite satisfactory)

10 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila s p a t u 1 a t a from side

11 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila h a m a t a from beneath

12 Apex of abdomen of Hydroptila hamata from above

13 Apex of adbomen of Hydroptila hamata from side

PLATE 14

14 Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from beneath (not

satisfactory)

15 Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from side

16 Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia c o n f u s a from above

17 Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia confusa lat'ero ventral

aspect

18 Apex of abdomen of Orthotrichia brachiata from beneath

19 Apex of abdomen of Orthotrichia brachiata from side ( n t

satisfactory)

20 Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira coercens from beneath

21 Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira coercens from above

22 Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira c o e r c e u s from side

23 Apex of abdomen of Oxyethira v i m i n a 1 i s from beneath

24 Apex of abdomen of Neotrichia collata from beneath

25 Penis of Neotrichia collata

26 Apex of penis of Neotrichia collata, another view

27 Fore wing of Neotrichia collata

28 Hind wing of Neotrichia collata

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 319

PLATE 15

29 Head of Neotrichia collata

30 Apex of abdomen of Neotrichia collata from above

31 Apex of abdomen of II y d r o p t i 1 a p e r d i t a from beneath

32 Apex of abdomen of II y d r o p t i 1 a p e r d i t a from above

33 Apex of abdomen of H y d r o p t i 1 a p e r d i t a from side (some-

what crushed)

34 Penis of II y d r o p t i 1 a p e r d i t a

35 Apex of abdomen of Ithytrichia clavata from above

30 Dorsal plate of H y d r o p t i 1 a consiinilis (dry example from
Eelfrage Texas)

37 Apex of abdomen of O x y e t h i r a d u a 1 i s from beneath

38 Apex of abdomen of O x y e t h i r a d u a 1 i s from above
30 Apex of penis of O x y e t h i r a d u a 1 i s

PLATE 16
Chironomus sp.

1 Adult male. x6

2 Pupa

3 Head of adult female

4 Larva (the second and third segments coalescent)

5 Frontal aspect of larval head

PLATE 17
Ceratopogon sens. lat.

1 Larva. x6

2 Hypopharynx of larva. xlOO

3 Caudal end of larva. xlOO

4 Ceratopogon sens. str. Larva. xlO

5 Ceratopogon sens. str. Body segment of larva. x40

6 Ceratopogon sens. str. Mandible of larva. xlSQ

7 Ceratopogon sens. str. Thoracic prolegs of larva. x400

8 Ceratopogon sens. str. Claw of hind proleg of larva. x400

9 Ceratopogon sens. str. Dorsal aspect of pupa. x!5

10 Bezzia sp. Dorsal aspect of labium, maxilla and its palpus

11 Bezzia sp. Ventral aspect of pupa

12 Bezzia sp. Thoracic respiratory organ of pupa. xlOO

13 Brachypogon wing

14 C e r a t' o p o g o u sens. str.. wing

15 Bezzia wing

16 S p h a e r o m y a s wing

PLATE 18
Ceratopogon sens. lat.

1 Dorsal aspect of labriuu of larva ; a, antenna ; b, papilla. x400

2 Dorsal aspect of labium and maxilla of larva; p. palpus. x400

3 Lateral aspect of head of larva ; m, mandible ; a, antenna. xlO€

Bezzia setulosa

4 Mandible of larva. x400

5 Hypopharynx of larva. x400

6 Dorsal aspect of labium of larva. x400

320 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ceratopogon sens. str.

7 Foot of imago

Culicoides sp.

8 Foot of imago

Bezzia setulosa

9 Respiratory organ of pupa. xlOO

10 Dorsal aspect of pupa. x!5

11 Ventral aspect of pupa. x!5

12 Fore femur of imago. x40

Sphaeromyas argentatus

13 Fore fifth tarsal joint of female imago. x40

14 Hind fifth tarsal joint of female imago. x40

Bezzia setulosa

15 Antenna of male imago. x40

16 Antenna of female imago. x40

PLATE 19
Ablabesmjia flavifrons

1 Ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; nid, mandible; nix.

maxilla; p, palpus; 1, labiurn. xlOO

2 Respiratory organ of the pupa. x50

Procladius pinguis

3 Respiratory organ of pupa. x50

4 Caudal appendage of pupa. x!5

Ablabesmyia sp.

5 Labiuin of larva. x!80

Ablabesmyia dyari

6 Caudal appendage of pupa. x!5

7 Respiratory organ of pupa. x50

Ablabesmyia monilis

8 Pupa. x5

9 Larva. x5

Procladius adumbratus

10 Caudal end of larva. x50

Ablabesmyia monilis

11 A pale claw of the posterior proleg of larva. xlOO

12 A dark claw of the posterior prolegs of larva. xlOO

13 Respiratory organ of pupa. x40

14 Ventral aspect of head of larva : a, antenna ; md, mandible ; mx.

maxilla ; p, palpus ; 1, labium ; h, hypopharynx ; x, lateral process, xlOO

15 Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

Ablabesmyia fastuosa

16 Mandible of larva. xlOO

17 Antenna of larva. xlOO

18 Respiratory organ of pupa. x40

19 Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OP NEW YORK 321

PLATE 20
Procladius adumbratus

1 Ventral aspect of head of larva : a, antenna ; md, mandible ; mx,

maxilla ; p, palpus ; I, labiurn ; h, hypopharynx ; x, lateral process. x!80

2 Slender claw of posterior proleg. x!80

3 Stout claw of posterior proleg. xlSO

4 Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

5 Respiratory organ of pupa. xlOO

Ablabesmyia carnea

6 Ventral aspect of bead of larva : a, antenna ; md, mandible ; mx, max-

illa ; p, palpus ; 1, labium ; b, hypopharynx ; x, lateral process. xlSO

7 Respiratory organ of pupa. xlOO

8 Caudal appendage of pupa. x40

Diamesa waltlii

9 Ventral aspect of the head: md, mandible; mx, maxilla; p, palpus;

ulr, labrum : la, lateral arms ; 1, labium ; by, hypopharynx

Chironomus sens. lat. sp.

10 Dorsal aspect of head: ds, dorsal sclerite ; a, antenna (wanting);
b, frontal process

PLATE 21
Chironomus tenellus

1 Ventral aspect of bead of larva : ulr, 'labruin ; la, lateral arms ; md,

mandible ; mx, maxilla ; p, palpus ; 1, labium. x!50

2 Caudal end of pupa. xGO

3 Lateral aspect of the fifth abdominal segment of pupa. x60

4 Antenna of larva. xlSO

Chironomus nigricans

5 Antenna of larva. xloO

G Ventral aspect of head of larva : 1, labium ; by, hypopharynx ; mx,
maxilla ; imx, inner lobe of maxilla ; p, palpus. x!50

7 Mandible of larva. xlSO

8 Anterior prolegs of larva. x25

9 Posterior end of larva. x25

10 Epipharynx of larva : an, anterior corub ; c, posterior comb. x250

11 Dorsal aspect of second and third abdominal segments of pupa. x25

12 Comb at caudal end of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. xGO

Chironomus flavicingula

13 Ventral aspect of epi pharynx of larva, distended : f, posterior comb ;

s, curved setae. x250

11 Ventral aspect of labrurn : a, epipharynx (shown "enlarged in fig.13).
x!50'

15 Dorsal aspect of labrum. x250

16 Dorsal aspect of third segment of pupa. x25

17 Lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. xGO

18 Labium of larva. xlSO

19 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva : 1, labium ; mx, maxilla ; p,

palpus; by, hypopharynx

322 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

PLATE 22
Chironomus flavus

t Ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna; md, mandible; mx,
maxilla ; p, palpus ; by, hypopharynx ; 1, labiuni ; f, fan-membrane.
x!50

2 Caudal end of larva : a, caudal setae ; b, blood gills. x35

3 Lateral aspect of second and third abdominal segments of pupa. x35

4 Spur of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. xGO

Tanytarsus deflectus

6 Respiratory organ of pupa. xlOO

Chironomus sp. (81)

7 Ventral aspect of mouth parts, labium and maxilla. xlOO

Chironomus modestus

8 Eighth segment and anal appendage of pupa. x50

9 Antenna of larva. xlOO

10 Labrum, ventral aspect : la, lateral arms. xlOO

11 Ventral aspect: 1, labrum ; ind, mandible; nix, maxilla; p, palpus;

f, fan-like membrane. xlOO

12 Dorsal aspect of fourth abdominal segment of pupa. x50,

Tanytarsus sp.

13 Dorsal aspect of fourth abdominal segment, x-10

Chironomus modestus var. b.

14 Dorsal aspect of posterior part of abdomen of pupa. x40

Chironomus modestus var. a.

15 Dorsal aspect of fourth segment of abdomen of pupa. x50

16 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. x50

Tanytarsus sp.

17 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. x40

18 Spur of the lateral fin; possibly of another species. xlOO

Chironomus fulviventris

19 Posterior comb of the epipharynx of the larva. xlOO

Chironomus (?) fulvus

20 Dorsal aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. x50

•

Chironomus sp. (84)

21 Labiuni of larva. xlOO

Chironomus sp. (82)

22 Labiuui of larva. xlSO

Chironomus (?) fulvus

23 Lateral fin of the eighth segment of pupa. x50

Chironomus fulviventris

24 Labium of larva. xlOO

25 Antenna of larva. xlOO

26 Lateral fin of the eighth abdominal segment of pupa. xlOO

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 323

PLATE 23
Chironomus dorsalis

1 Labium of larva (after Miall and Hammond, 1900). xlOO

Chironomus lobiferus

2 Antenna of larva. xlOO

3 Ventral aspect of larval head: 1, labium; mx. maxilla; p, palpus;

f, fan-like membrane. xlOO

4 Lobe of an abdominal segment of the imago. xlOO

5 Comb of the lateral fin of the eighth segment of the pupa. x40f)

Chironomus sp. (83)

6 Labium of larva. xlSO

Chironomus decorus

7 Mandible of larva. xl.~,<i

8 Labium of larva. xlOO

0 Pupa. xO

10 Ventral aspect of labrum of larva: an, anterior comb; c, posterior

comb ; lr, latera 1 arm. .\ l.'id

11 Dorsal aspect of second abdominal segment of pupa. x4o

12 Anal end of pupa, x-lu

13 Labium of larva (of another variety or possibly species). \1^<>

Chironomus (?) plumosus

14 Spur of the lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa, xluo
!•"» Labium of larva. xlSO

1<; Maxilla of larva : p, palpus. xlSO

PLATE 24
Cricotopus exilis

1 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1. labium ; mx, maxilla; p.

palpus; by. hypopharynx. x2f>o

2 Ventral aspect of the labrum. x2.r>o

3 Caudal end of pupa. xf.O

4 Mandible of larva. x2r.o

Cricotopus trifasciatus

5 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva, labium and maxilla. x1:">0
0 Mandible of larva. x!50

7 Lateral aspect of abdominal segments of pupa. x.3o

8 Respiratory organ of pupa. xl5u
0 Lateral hair-tuft of larva. xl.'u

10 Caudal end of pupa with the caudal end >f enclosed imago, x ."•.'>

Orthocladius flavus

11 IIy|K)i>harynx of larva. xSO

12 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: a., antenna; md. mandilile:

mx, maxilla : p. palpus ; 1, labium. xS<>

13 Respiratory organ of pupa. x(i()

14 Ventral aspect of labrum of larva : -la. lateral arm. x2.">0

l."> Lateral aspect of the posterior end of the seventh abdominal segment

of the pupa

in Caudal end of pupa. x25
IT Larval case, natural size

324 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Orthocladius nivoriundus

18 Ventral aspect of labruni of larva : la. lateral arm. x!50

19 Antenna of larva. x!50

20 Mandible of larva. x!50

21 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva : 1, labium ; mx, maxilla ; hy,

hypopliarynx. x!50

22 Dorsal aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. xSO

23 Respiratory organ of pupa. xfiO

24 Caudal appendage of pupa. x35

PLATE 25
Orthocladius fugax

1 Mandible of larva. x!50

2 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva : 1, labium ; mx, maxilla ; p,

palpus ; hy, hypopliarynx

3 Latero-ventral aspect of labruni of larva: a. antenna; ep, epipharynx ;

c. lateral arm. x!50

4 Respiratory organ of pupa. xl50

5 A pectinate hair from anterior prolegs of larva. x4(10

6 Caudal end of larva. xf!0

7 Lateral aspect of second, third and fourth abdominal segments of pupa.

x60

8 Claw of posterior proleg of larva. x250

9 Peripheral claw of posterior proleg of larva. x250

11 Dorsal aspect of fifth abdominal segment of pupa

Orthocladius sordidellus

12 ATentral aspect of labruni of larva. x!80

13 Antenna of larva. xlSO

14 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva : 1. labium ; md, mandible ;

mx, maxilla ; p, palpus ; Ir, labrurn. x250

15 Lateral aspect of abdominal segment of pupa. x!50

Tanytarsus dissimilis

16 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva: 1, labium; md, mandible;

mx, maxilla ; p, palpus ; Ir, labruni. x250

17 Antenna of larva. x250

18 Dorsal aspect of abdomen of pupa of variety a. x60

19 Comb of the lateral fin of the eighth segment of pupa. x250

20 Dorsal aspect of the abdomen of pupa. xfiO

21 Comb of lateral fin of eighth segment of pupa. x250

Cricotopus varipes

22 Ventral aspect of mouth parts of larva : 1, labium ; mx, maxilla ;

p, palpus

PLATE 26
Tanytarsus dives

1 Dorsal aspect of head of larva : a. antenna ; Ir, labruni. x60

2 Apical end of mandible of larva. xlSO

3 Respiratory organ of pupa. xGO

4 Ventral aspect of month parts of larva : 1, labium ; mx, maxilla ; p,

palpus ; imx, inner lobe of maxilla ; hy, hypopliarynx. x250

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 325

5 Caudal end of larva. x25
fi Caudal end of pupa. x25

7 Dorsal aspect of abdominal segments of pupa. x25

Tanytarsus exiguus

8 Larva. x20

0 Fibrous case of larva and pupa. xG

11 Dorsal aspect of second abdominal segment of pupa. xlOO

12 Ventral aspect of month parts of larva: 1, labinm ; md, mandible;

mx, maxilla ; p, palpus. x400

13 Antenna of larva. x250

14 Latero-ventral aspect of head of larva: a, antenna: md. mandible:

mx, maxilla ; 1, labinm

15 Caudal end of pupa (male). xlOO

PLATE 27

1 P r o c 1 a d i u s p u s i 1 1 u s

2 P r o i? 1 a d i u s c a 1 i g i n o s n s

3 Procladius p i n g u i s

4 P r o c 1 a d i n s s c a p n 1 a r i s

5 Ablabesmyia carnea var. c.

6 Ablabesmyia monilis

7 T a n y p u s s t e 1 1 a t u s

8 Ablabesmyia v e n u s t a

9 Ablabesmyia d y a r i

10 Ablabesmyia melanops

11 Ablabesmyia flavifrons

12 Ablabesmyia indecisa

13 Ablabesmyia i n d ec i s a (after Williston)

14 Ablabesmyia pallens, var. a.

15 Tanypns culiciformis

16 Chasmatonotus b i m a e u 1 a t u s

PLATE 28

1 C h i r o n o m u s b r a c h i a 1 i s

2 C h i r o n o m u s s c a 1 a e n u s

3 C h i r o n o m u s s p i 1 o p t e r u s (after Williston )

4 Chiron o m us taeniapennis

5 C h i r o n o m u s c a 1 i g i n o s u s

6 C h i r o n o m u s f 1 a v i c i n g u 1 a

7 C b i r o n o m n s h a 1 1 e r a 1 i s

8 C h i r o n o m u s f a 1 1 a x

9 Chironomus riparius

10 Chironomus b a r b i p e s

11 Chironomus a n n u 1 a r i s

12 Chironomus a 1 b i m a n u s ( male)

13 Chironomus albimanns (female)

14 Chironomus devinctus

15 Chi r o n o m u s n i g r i c a n s
1 f! C h i r o n o m u s p e d e 1 1 u s

1 7 C h i r o n o m us a b e r r a n s

32G

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

18 Chironomus fumidus

19 Chi ro nonius fulvus

20 Chironomus f 1 a v u s

PLATE 29

r o n o m u s m o d e s t u s var. a. female

r o n o in u s modestus var. a. female

ronomus modestus var. b. male

ronomus modest us female

ronomus p a 1 1 i d u s

ronomus f u 1 v i v e n t'r i s

r o n o in us f r e q u e n s

ronomus dux

ronomus v i r i d i e o 1 1 i s

r o n o m n s 1 o n g i m a n u s ( after Williston)

ronomus p 1 u ru o s u s

ronoruus decorus

ronomus s i m i 1 i s

r o u o m u s cristatus

cotopus trifasciatus

cotopus exilis

cotopus bicinctus

cotopus v a r i p e s

cotopus sylvestris

cotopus debilis (after Williston)

PLATE 30

1 C a m p t o c 1 a d i u s sp.

2 Camptocladius furnosus

3 Camptocladius byssinus

4 Camptocladius minimus

5 O r t h o c

6 O r t h o c

7 Orthoc

8 Orthoc

9 Orthoc
10 Orthoc

adius so r dens
a d i u s f 1 a v u s
adius s o r d i d e 1 1 u s

a d i u s n i v o r i u n d u s
adius a b s u r d u s
adius f u g a x

11 O r t h o c 1 a d i u s o b u m b r a t u s

12 Thalassomyia fuse a

13 D i a m e s a w a 1 1 1 i i

14 T a n y t a r s u s o b e d i e n s

15 T a n y t a r s u s g m u n d e u s i s

16 Tanytarsus deflectus

17 Tanytarsus dives

18 T a u y t a r s u s f a t i g a n s

19 Tanytarsus f u 1 v e s c e n s

20 Tanytarsus m u t i c u s

21 T a n v t n r s u s f 1 a v e 1 1 u s

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 327

PLATE 31

1 M e t r i o c 11 e in u s f 1 a v i f r o n s

2 M e t r i o c n e m u s par

3 M e t r i o c n e 111 u s luiidbeckii

4 M e t r i <> c n e ui u s e x a g i t a n s

5 M o t r i o c n e in us a 1 r a t u 1 u s

6 C h a s in a t o n o t u s b i in a c u 1 a t u s (bead of male)

7 Diamesa \v a 1 t 1 i i (antenna of female)

8 O r t b o c 1 a d i u s ah s u r d u s ( antenna of female)

!> A part of an egg string of S p b a e r o m y a s a r g e n t a t u s

10 An egg mass of C b i r o n o m u s sp. x2

11 An egg mass of T a n y p n s sp. i after Miall)

12 A part of an egg string of C b i r o n o m n s sp.

13-14 A part of the egg string of < ' h i r o n o m u s dor sal is (after

.Miall and Hammond)

\~> A part of an egg string of (' b i r o n o m u s sp.

16 Dorsal aspect of thorax of a male c b a s m a t on <» i n s bimacula-
tus. x4o

PLATE 32
Genitalia : d, dorsal keel ; 1, lateral; s, superior; i, inferior lobe

1 Bex/ia s e t n 1 o s a . Dorsal aspect. Male. xlOO

2 Tanypus e u 1 i c i f o r m i s. Male. xKiO
.'! Ablabesuiyia monilis. Male. xlOO

I Co r y n o n e u r a c e 1 e r i p e s (after Kieffer i
5 Diamesa p r a e c o x (after Kieffer)

tj C b a s in a t o n o t n s l> i m a <• u I a I u s. I >orsal aspect . Male, x.">0
7 ( ' b i r o n o m u s f 1 a v i e i n g u 1 a . Dorsal aspect. Male, \lnii
M ( ' b i r o n o m u s mo dest us. Dorsal aspect. Male. xH.'O
!» < ' b i r o n o m u s m o d e s t n s var. b. Latero-ventral aspect. Male.
xlOO

10 ( ' li i r o n o in u s fulviveiltl'is. Male. xlOO

] 1 C biro n o m us m o d e s t u s . Female, xloo

12 C b i r o n o m u s flavus. Ventral aspect. Male, xloo

13 C b i r o n o m u s d e c o r u s . I )orsal aspect. Male, x loo

14 Diamesa waltlii. Dorsal aspect. Male. x50

PLATE 33

Genitalia: d. dorsal keel; 1, lateral lobe; s, superior lobe; i. inferior
lobe; a, appendage of tbe superior lobe

1 O r t b o e 1 a d i u s k e r v i 1 1 i ( after Kieffer)

2 0 r i c o t o p u s exilis. Male. xlOO

3 T a n y tarsus dissimilis. Ventral aspect. Male, xlfio

4 T a n y t a r s u s e x i g u u s . Ventral aspect. Male. x350

4a T a n y t a r s u s e x i g u u s . Male. Latero-ventral aspect. xlOO

5 T a n y t a r s u s dives. Mule. Dorsal aspect. xlOO
G Metriocnemus par. Male. Lateral aspect. xlOO

7 Ortbocladius absurd us. Lateral aspect. Female. xlOO

8 Metriocnemus a t r a t u 1 n s (after Kieffer)

328 XEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

PLATE 34

Compontia cruciformis (=Thalassomyia frauenf eldii V)

1 Dorsal aspect of larva (after Theobald, 1892)

Hydrobaenus lugubris (after Fries)

2 Dorsal aspect of head of larva

3 Anterior prolegs of larva

4 Lateral aspect of larva

5 Lateral aspect of pupa

6 Antenna of female

7 Antenna of male

8 Caudal appendage of pupa

9 Wing of iniago

10 Male genitalia

11 Lateral aspect of male clasper

Telmatogeton St Pauli (after Schiner)

12 Lateral aspect of larva.

13 Anterior prolegs of larva

14 Lateral aspect of pupa

15 Caudal sucker of pupa

16 Wing of imago

Orthocladius ? oceanicus (after Packard)

17 Ventral aspect of larval head

18 Posterior prolegs of larva

19 Anterior proleg of larva

Wulpiella scirpi (after Kieffer)

20 Wing of iniago

21 Dorsal aspect of larva

22 Anterior proleg of larva

23 Ventral aspect of head of larva

Eurycnemus sp.

24 Lateral aspect of male (after Van der Wulp. )

PLATE 35
Macropeza

1 Anterior part of wing of imago (after V. d. Wnlp)

2 Wing of imago (after Meigen)

3 Antenna of imago (after Meigen)

Psamathiomyia pectinata (after Dehy)

4 Wing of male

5 Wing of female

6 Antenna

7 Haltere of male

8 Leg of male

9 Dorsal aspect of head and thorax

Tersesthes torrens (after Townserul)
10 Wing of imago

12 Palp of imago

13 Antenna of imago

Leptoconops (after Skuse)

14 Wing of adult

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 329

Eretmoptera (after Kellogg)

15 Foot of imago

.10 Palp of imago

17 Labium of imago

18 Hypopharyux of imago

19 Labium-epipharynx of imago

20 Haltere of imago

21 Dorsal aspect of the male

22 Antenna of male

23 Antenna of female

24 Male genitalia

Didymorphleps (after Weyenbergh )

25 Wing of imago

Burmeisteria (after Wi-vi-nlif rirh i

20 Wing of imago

27 Lateral aspect of head and thorax of male

28 Haltere

Stenoxenus i:ifl'T ( 'o<|uillftt )

21 > Wing of female

PLATE 36
Corynoneura lemnae (after Frauenfeld)

1 Lateral aspect of larva

2 Anterior prolegs of larva

3 Posterior prolegs of larva

4 Caudal end of pupa

5 Lateral aspect of pupa

Corynoneura sp. (after Winnertz)
t; I lind leg of imago

7 Wing of imago

8 Palpus of imago

9 Antenna of male

10 Antenna of female

Clunio marinus

11 Lateral aspect of larva (after Carpenter)

12 Dorsal aspect of male (after Theobald)

13 Dorsal aspect of female (after Carpenter)

Diamesa culicoides (after Heeger except fig.U)

14 Lateral aspect of larva (after Brauer)

15 L>orsal aspect of larva
10 Ventral aspect of pupa

17 Lateral aspect of pupa

18 Mandible of larva

19 Labium of larva
2u Maxilla of larva

21 Labrum of larva

22 Antenna of larva

23 " Underlip " (i.e. hypopharynx) of larva

24 Claw of hind foot of larva

25 Anterior proleg of larva

NEW YOHK STATE MTSF.UM
Doloplastus (after Skusc)

20 Wing of imago

PLATE 37

Limnophyes (after Yen-all i
1 Dorsal aspect of female
- Mouth parts of female

:; Antenna

4 Lateral a sport of head and thorax

Halirytus (after Verrallj
"i Fore leg of female
G Lateral aspect of female

7 Antenna of female

Heteromyia i after Say)

8 Wing of imago

9 Fore leg of imago

Podonomus lal'ler I'liilippi i
1O Antenna
1 1 Wing of imago

Procladius (after Skusei

12 Wing of imago

Spaniotoma (after I'hilippi)

13 Wing of adult

14 Antenna

Isoplastus (after Skusei
!."> Wing of imago

Peiitaneura latter Philippi )
10 Wing of imago

Ablabesmyia pulchripennis (after LundberU

17 Wing of imago

Tetraphora (after Philippi)

18 Wing of imago

1'J Antenna of imago

Tanypus posticalis (after Lundbeek)
•_Ni Wing of imago

Heptagyia (after Philippi)

21 Wing of imago

22 Antenna of imago

23 Palpus of imago

Procladius nervosus (after V. d. Wulp)

24 Wing of imago

Chironomus prasinus
2.") Labium of larva (after Hammond)

Chironomus sp.
20 Labium of larva (after Osborn)

Chironomus tentans (after Weyeuliersh)

27 Labinm of larva

28 Apex of mandible of larva

MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK 331

LEGENDA TO TEXT FIGURES

Fig. 1 Venation of the wings of S i p h 1 u r u s ; lettering explained in text.
p.20

Fig. 2 Wings of C a 1 1 i h a e t i s . p.21

Fig. 3 Venation of the fore wing of Ephemera, p.22

Fig. 4 The nyinphal labinin of Baetisca obesa Say. (The two
muscle bands indicated by dotted lines in the basal segment of
the left palpus are the same that move the lateral lobe of the
dragonfly labium). p.JJO

Fig. 5 Ameletus 1 u d e n s sp. nov., female subimago ; u, end of abdo-
men from below, showing truncate apical lobe of the 9th sternum ;
v, fore tibia and tarsus. p.3G

Fig. G Parts of nymph of Ameletus 1 u dens sp. nov. ; y, maxilla ;
z, single gill lamella from one of the middle abdominal segments,
p. 37

Fig. 7 Gill lamellae of the nymph of Blasturus cupidus Say;
e, from the 1st segment; f, from the 4th segment; g, from the
7th segment, p. U

Fig. 8 Venation of wing of ? C a e n i s a 1 1 e c t a sp. nov. p.48

Fig. 9 Ventral view of male abdominal appendages of ? C a e n i s
a I lee t a sp. nov., imago, p.48

Fig. 10 Ventral view of male abdominal appendages of E c d y n r u s
m a cu 1 1 i pen n i s W.-tlsh, imago; f, forceps; i, inner appen-
dages, p.ol

Fig. 1 1 Tarsal claws of nymphs of H e p t a g e n i n a e ; w, of II e p t a -
g e n i a i n t e r p u n c t a t a Say ; x, of R h i t h r o g e n a e 1 e -
g a n t u 1 a Etn.? ; y, of Iron sp? from Coy Glen, Ithaca ; /.. <>f
Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh ; hind claws in each
case ; middle ones would be similar ; front ones sometimes
different, p.52

Fig. 12 Labra of nymphs of II e p t a g en i n a e ; h, of Iron sp?
from Coy Glen, Ithaca ; i, of Ilhithrogena elegantula
Etn. ? ; j, of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh ; k, of
Ileptagenia interpunctata Say. p.52

Fig. 13 Mandibles of nymphs of H ep t a ge n i n a e; c, of Rhitb.ro-
g e n a elegantula Etn. ? ; d, of Iron sp? from Coy Glen.
Ithaca; e, of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh; f. of
H e p t a g e n i a i n t e r p u u c t a t a Say. p.52

Fig. 14 Maxillae of nymphs of H ep t a g e n i n a e ; m, of Iron sp?
from Coy Glen, Ithaca ; n, of H e p t a g e n i a interpunc-
tata Say ; o, of Rhithrogeua elegantula Etu. ? :
p, of Ecdyurus maculipennis Walsh, p.53

Fig. 15 Ilydroptilid structures: A gray lea m u 1 1 i p u n c t a t a ; 4U
apex of abdomen from beneath; 41, same from side; 42, triangu-
lar pieces from side; 43, same when much exserted ; 44. ventral
lamina; Orthotrichia americana (?); 45, apex of
abdomen from beneath, p.73

Fig. 16 Ventral aspect of larval mouth parts of M e t r i o c n e m u s
k n a b i . xlSO. p.30(J

Fig. 17 Dorsal aspect of caudal end of pupa of M e t r i o c n e m u s
knabi. x180. p.306

Fig. 18 Mandible and labium; larva A, x400; larva B, xlSO. p.309

Plate 1

Bullfrog

Plate 2

;\
'a-

Hemerobiaii wings

Plate 3

Hemerobiau \\iings

Plate 4

I I I
H» '/

//..•

May fly structures

Plate 5

( 'liirotenetes
The white-gloved howdy

Plate 6

Chirotenetes

Plate 7

\ V

May tly nymphs

Plate 8

Choroterpes and Anieletus

Plate 9

May fly nymphs

Plate 10

Drnnella and Eplieinerella

Plate 11

Leptophlebia and Caenis

Plate 12

I' o 1 v in i t a r c v s a 1 I) u s

Plate 13

Hydroptilid structures

Plate 14

llyclroptilid structures

Plate 15

32.

Hydroptilid structures

Plate 16

Chirononius

Plate 17

Ceratopogon .ur

Plate 18

(Vr.-itopoiron group

Plate 19

Tanypus ,t;roup

Plate 20

met

Tanypus jn'oup and others

Plate 21

Chirononins : details of larva and pupa

Plate 22

Chirononms : details of larva and pupa

Plate 23

•' ill

5 l»i? fi

- vr'V, •''. :

Chironoinus : details of larva and pupa

Plate 24

( 'ncotopus :ni(l Orthocladius

Plate 25

Orthocladins. Tanytarsus, Cricotopus

Plate 26

Tanytarsus

Plate 27

• >

Tanypus yroup and Chasuiatonotus

Plate 28

Chirononms

Plate 29

riiironomus (1 to 14). Ork'otopus (15-20)

Plate 30

Camptoclaclius (1 to 4), Orthochulius (5 to 11), Thalassornyia (12).
Dianiesa (13). Tnnytavsus (14 to 21)

Plate 31

Metriocnemus (1 to 5), Chasiuatouotus (6 aud 16), Diamesa (7).
Ortliocladins (8). Eggs and egg masses (0 to 15)

Plate 32

Plate 33

Genitalia

Plate 34

Miscellaneous details

Plate 35

Miscellaneous details

Plate 36

Miscellaneous details

Plate 37

Miscellaneous details

INDEX

The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths ; e. g. 1363
means page 136, beginning in the third ninth of the page, i. e. about one
third of the way down. Page numbers referring to descriptions of species
are printed in black face type.

abdominalis, Chironomus, 2434.
aberrans, Chironomus, sec Chirouo-

nrus aberrans.
aberrata, Diamesa, see Diamesa

aberrata.
Ablabesmyia,897, 121", 1257, 135s-557,

156s ; key to species, ISG^SS3.
( ?) sp., 1554 ; explanation of plate,

320".

adumbrata, 155*.
algens, 1379, 149'.
barberi. 137", 1465.
bifasciata, 136", 139*.
carnea, 1363, 1369, 1373, 1404-^423;

explanation of plate, 3213.
var. a, 1373.

var. c, explanation of plate, 3254.
discolor, 1381, 1493.
dyari, 136r, 1377, 146"-47S ; expla-
nation of plates, 320", 325s.
fastuosa, 1364, 136s, 138s, 153s-54";

explanation of plate, 320*.
flaveola, 1384, 15 14, 152*.
flavifrous, 1364, 1367, 1383, 1505-
513; explanation of plates, 3204,
325'.

futilis, 1371, 1397-404.
guttularis, 1379, 145s-465.
hirtipennis, 138s, 154".
indecisa, 138", 1521; explanation

of plate, 325'.
johnsoni, 137s, 1479-484.
melanops, 138", 149—504 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3255.
monilis, 1223, 1362, 136*, 1374, 142<-
449, 1539, 1541, 1569; explanation !
of plates, 320°, 3207, 3251, 3275.
nigropunctata, 138", 1513, 1551.

Ablabesmyia ornata, 137s, 1484.
pallens, 1385, 15 18.

rar. a, explanation of plate, 3259.
pictipeunis, 1369, 138s-394, 1562,

1567.

pilosella, 1384, 138°, 152s-533.
pulchripeunis, 1373, 142'; explana-

tion of plate, 330°.
tibialis, 1387, 1533, 1564, 1567.
venusta, 137', 145' ; explanation

of plate, 325".
absurdus, Orthocladius, sec Ortho-

cladius absurdus.
Adams, C. F., cited, 310°.
adumbrata, Ablabesmyia, 1554.
adumbratus, Procladius, sec Procla-

dius adumbratus.
Aeschna, 14".

sp., 147.

Aesculus hippocastanum, 98T.
aestivus, Chironomus, 291)5.
aestivus, Eurycnemus, 299s.
Agraylea, 646, 64s, 741.
cognatella, 75a.

multipunctata, 739. 742-75'; expla-
nation of figure, 331" ; figure, 73.
Agrioninae, 147.
Alasion, 93", 994.
rondani, 106'.

alaskensis, Telnmtogeton, 1691, 1692.
albimanus, Chironomus, sec Chirono-
mus albinianus.

alliipennis. Chironomus, 194-, 223*.
albistria. Chironomus, 198s, 1Q&,

246a.

albivitta, Pedicia, 8s.
albomanicatus, Chirotenetes, see
Chirotenetes albomanicatus.

334

NEW YORK STATE Ml'SETM

albomarginatus, Ceratopogon, 1073.
albus, Polyroitarcys, see Polymitar-

cys albus.

Aldricii, acknowledgments to, 76s.
algens, Ablabesmyia, 137D, 149'.
allecta, Caenis, sec Caenis allecta.
Allotrichia, 64°, G49.
alternatus, Siphlurus, 15", 1SJ, 192.
Ameletus, 25°, 27s, 30'.

ludens, 18°, 36--3S5 ; explanation
of plates, 31<i°, 3173; figures, 36,
37 ; explanation of figure, 331".
americana, ? llabropblebia, 183.
ainericana, Orthotriehia, sec Ortho-

triebia americana.
aruiculus, Hemerobius, 155, 16'.
amicnlus, Pahnobius, see Pabnobius

amiculus.

amphibius, Ilalirytus, 110s.
Anatopyuia, S97, 121°, 125', 1277, i:;u\
131% 135'.

consobriuus, 1357.

forcipatus, 1357.

humeralis, 1357.

lactipennis, 135r.

morio, 1357.

nuclipes, 1357.

pubitarsis, 1357.
Anax, 146.

junius, 147.

angulatus, Micromus, 15".
angnsteila, Ortbotriebia, see Ortbo-

trichia angustella.
annularis, Cbironoinus, sec Cbirono-

mus annularis.
annulatus, Cbironoruus, 2131.
annulatus, Tanypus, see Tanypus an-
nulatus.

annulipes, Tanypus, 101s.
anonymus, Chironomus, 1004, 10(>fl,

2353.

antarctiea, Belgiea, 113s.
anticus, Cbironoinus, 1997, 2477.
Ants, 11.
Apogon, 1065.
Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera, 7<>-

315.
arctieus, Chironomus, 30-18.

argentata, Ceratopogon (Spbaero-

mias), sec Ceratopogou (Spbaero-

inias) argentata.
argentatus, Spbaeromias, sec Spbae-

roiuias argentatus.
Argia violacea, 14'"'.
Aristotles, cited, 31Or'.
Arribalzaga, F. L., cited, 1<)9\ 109\

172°, 2594, 31O°.
aruudiueti, Tipnla ?, 149\
Aspcr, cited, 310".

aterriinus, Camptocladius, 2597, 261*.
aterrinius, Cbironoinus, 2644, 304n.
Atberix sp., 9'.
atomarius, Ortbocladius, 2(1()7, 276s-

77\

atra, C'orynoneura, 164', 1G4\
atratulus, Metriocnenius, see Alelri-

ucneiiius atratulus.
atricornis, Cbirunomus rar., 21Sr'.
atrimanus, Cbironoinus, Ifio", 2001

20or-r.

atteuuatus, Cbironoinus, 19,S\ 245s.

badius ?, Stratioiuyia, IS9.

Baetiuae, 243, 272, 29*, 29\ 29".

P.aetini, 299.

Baetis, 26e, 27°, 29", 323, 38r.
pygmaea, 181, 404.

Baetisca. 243, 27s, 297.

obesa, 179, 304-314 ; explanation of
plate, 3164 ; figure, 30 : explana-
tion of figure, 3312.

Balbiani, cited, 310'". 31 11.

baltimoreus, Tanypus, 156s, 160'.

Banks, C. S., menticmed, 2342.

Banks, Natban, cited, 73'.

barberi, Ablabesmyia, l.°>7r>, 146\

barbicornis, Ortbocladius, 206", 2833.

barbipes, Cbironomiis, see Chirono-
mus barbipes.

basalis, Choroterpes, sec Choroterpes
basalis.

basalis, Orthocladius, 2677, 282n.

Becker, cited, 31 11.

Bees, 11.

Belgiea, 89s, 112V-136.
antarctiea, 113".
magellanica, 113".

INDEX TO MAY FLIES A.VP MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Bel ing, cited, 89.

l.cllus, Procladius, 12U5, 1285, 1287~

29s.

bellus, Tanypus, 1283.
Bergroth, cited, 3111.
Berkeley, cited, 3112.
Berotha, 167.

Berry, Edward W.. cited, IS3, 40'.
Bettcn, Cornelius, material collected

by, 19", G3-.

Beuthin, cited, 1625, Sir.
l!<-/zi, cited, 1067.

Be//.ia. !>2S, W\ 102e ; explanation of
plate, 319s.

*/»., 1037-44 ; explanation of plate,
3197.

-dulosa, 102^ 37, 103s; explana-
tion <if plat.-s, 3199, 320J, 320s,

:;273.

Bibliograpby of ( 'hironoinidae, 310s-

159.
hicinctus. Cricotopus. .svr Cricotopus

bicinctus.

Iticolor, Tanypus, 1499.
bifasciata, Ablabesniyia, 13G9, 139'.
bimaonla, Cbironoinus, 199s, 2479-

481.
biniaculatus, Obasmatonotus, see

( 'liasniatonotus bimaculatus.
bipunctata, Forcipomyia, HMI:I.
liipunctatus, Ceratopogon, ICO1.
bispina. Epbemerella, sec Epbemer-

ella bispina.

bivittata, Spaniotoma, 102s.
Blackwings, 14°.
Blasturus. 24°, 2T4. 321.

cupidus, 183, 40S-41:", figure, 41;

explanation of figure, 331 3.
Blepbarocera, 54-, 591.
Klepbaroceridae, TCr. TO4.
Blood worms, 791, 123s.
Bobemann, cited, 3112.
Bolton. mentioned, fi91.
Bombus consimilis, 134.

ternarius, 134.
borealis, Cbironomus, 198T, 2451,

2463.

borealis, Eutanypus, 178s, 1789-795.
Boucbe, cited, 3112.

bracbialis, Cbironomus, .sre Cbirono-
mus bracliialis.
bracbiata, Ortbotricbia, s<'e Ortbo-

tricbia bracbiata.
Bracbypogou, 92;', ;»94, 104"'; explana

tion of plate, 3197.
Brauer, F., cited, 311-.
Bremi, cited, :',113.
brevipennis, Cbironomus, 172'.
brevipenuis, Smittia, 172'.
brevitibialis, Cbironomus. 1',)4T, 226°-

27\ 2303.
Brodie, cited, 77s.
Brook trout, food of, 7T.
Brown, J. C., mentioned, 113°.
browni, Eretmoptera, 1143-15'J, 118r.
brunneipennis, Cbironomus, 1'."1+.

I'.ir, 205 .
brunneus, Cbironomus, 198s, 199*.

246°-471.
brunnipes, Chirononius, 1914, 193',

204T-52.
Bullfrog, summer food of, at Sara-

nac Inn, by J. (I. Needbam, 9--153.
Bumble bees, worker, 134.
Burmeister, cited, 782.
Burmeisteria, 91", 172': explanation
of plate, 3293.

pbotojibila, 1727.
byssiuus, Camptocladius, 2i!1';, LM547.

Caenini, 299.

Caenis. 194, 2.V, 27°, 323, 3(r, 387.
allecta. IS5, 47S-49S ; figures, 48,

explanation of figures, 3314.
diminuta, 18J, 48°, 49"; explana-
tion of plate, 31 7'J.
bilaris. 49:1.
bilaris, 47'1, 49'1 ; explanation of

plate, .°,179, 318'.

californicus, Chironomus. 1927, 2175.
caliginosus. Cbironomus, xre Chirono-
mus caliginosus.
caliginosus, Pmdadius, xcc Procla-

dius caliginosus.

Callibacti^. 2t!'. 28'; explanation of
figure, 3311 ; wings of, figure. 21.
ferruginea, 183.
skokiana, IS3, 40';.
Calopteryx maculata, 14".

33G

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Canibarus, 131.

Camponotus pennsylvauicus, IS3.
Campsurus, 22s, 266.
Carnptocladius, 91s, 172s, 2591-643,
2651, 3035; key to species, 2595-
GO3.

sp., 259°, 260°; explanation of
plate, 3266.

aterrimus, 2597, 2614.

bysinnus, 2601, 2624 ; explanation
of plate, 32GG.

extreruus, 260s, 2643.

fumosus, 2597, 200s, 26V; expla-
nation of plate, 326°.

gramiuicola, 259% 2603, 3005.

inmiinus, 259s, 2G2--633 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3266.

parvus, 2GO", 2633.

pmnilio, 259°, 2617-623.

velutiuus, 2602, 2637-643.
cantaus, Tipula, 2183.
Carabidae, 11, 135.
carnea, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-

inyia caruea.

Carpenter, G. H., cited, 1207, 3113.
catesbiaua, Rana, see Rana cates-

biana.

Cecidoinium graudaevurn, 77s.
celeripes, Coryuoneura, see Coryno-

neura celeripes.
Centroptilnm, 263, 279.
Ceratolopbus, 93l, 994, 104s, 104;1~53,

10G4.

.sp., 1053.
Ceratopogon (group), 7G4, 773, 78s,

8T, 883, 92°, 94s, 947, 971-121S.
Ceratopogon (genus), 139, 781, 804, 831,

S34, 841, 926, 927, 1012, 1017, 102s,

1115, 1117, 112s, 2833.

sens, hit., explanation of plates,
3195, 319s, 3201.

xrn$. st>:, 99a-1013.

*!>., 100-.

sp. .ST».S\ hit., no3, iios-ir.
albomarginatus, 1073.
(Sphaeroinyas) argentata, 1223.
bipuuctatus, 1001.
fasciata, 1047.
fasciatus, 1073.

Ceratopogon femoratus, 1052, 1084.
tlavipes, 10G6.
hortulanus, 1066.
ornata, 1027.
punctata, 1013.
rostratus, 1127.
vitiosus, 1045.
Cliaguuu, cited, 3113.
( 'hasmatouotus, 84s, 909, 939, 1663,

2974 ; key to species, 1665.
biuiaculatus, 1GG':, 1667-673; expla-
nation of plates, 3256, 327=,
3274, 327a.
niaculatus. 1G73.
uuimaculatus, 1G67, 1G71, 1676.
univittatus, 106°, 1674.
Chevrel, cited, 3085, 31 13.
Child, cited, 31 13,
chinpterus, Chironomus, 276".
Chironouiidae, 7s, 137, 76-310 ; biblio-
grapby, 310S-15;) ; characteristics
of egg, larva, pupa and adult,
81--S69 ; economic importance, 785-
792 ; enemies, 792 ; geological dis-
tribution, 777-785 ; key to genera,
!S71-945 ; methods of capturing,
rearing and mounting, 794-812 ;
North American, key to genera,
935-945.

Chironomus (group), 179C-308!).
Chironomus (genus), 13s, 77s, 78', 783,
801, 809, S33, S41, 849, 855, 87s, 8S4,
916, 917, 98^, 1213, 1221, 1229, 1235,
1239, 1241, 127s, 1337, 1404, 142s,
1589, 1627, 1648, 1708, 1719, 1721,
1724, 1729, 1734, 1745, 1864-2507,
2512, 252s, 256a, 257s, 2581, 2S93,
2603, 261*, 2617, 2G24, 262°, 263s,
264C!, 2G54, 2G84, 2691, 2725, 2743,
2765, 276s, 2772, 2783, 278s, 2811,
282s, 2833, 2842, 2877, 288°, 2909,
2915, 29G8, 2969, 2991, 299s, 2997,
SOI8, 3025, 3041, 3044, 304s, 3055 ;
key to species, 18S3-999.
sp., 188°, 1887, 188°, 1891, 2351, 248s-
50r, 3094-10r; explanation of
plates, 319', 3223, 322s, 3233, 3273,
3309 ; figures, 309.
yens. hit. sp., explanation of plate,
321*.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDGES OF NEW YORK

Chironomus abdoroiualis, 2434.

aberrans, 193*, 2213 ; explanation
of plate, 3259.

aestivus, 2995.

albiinanus, 1924, 2053, 214- ; expla-
nation of plate, 3259.

albipeiinis, 1942, 2231.

albistria, 198s, 1992, 246*.

annularis, 1904, 192s, 2115, 2129-13»,
2143, 23T2 ; explanation of plate,
325s.

annulatus, 2131.

anonynius, 1904, 1969, 2353.

anticus, 1997, 247T.

arcticus, 304s.

ateiTinms, 2<i4*, 304*.

rur. atricoruis, 2185.

atriinanus, 1908, 2001, 2007-!1.

attenuatus, 1985, 2453.

barbipes, 1923, 212- ; explanation
of plate, 325s.

biniacula, 199s, 247D-481.

borealis, 198T, 2451, 2463.

brachialis, 190°, 1929, 2001, 2463 ;
explanation of plate, 325T.

brevipennis, 1721.

brevitibialis, 1947, 226°-273, 2305.

brunneipennis, 1914, 191s, 205-.

brnnneus, 198s, 1994, 2469-471.

brunnipes, 1914, 1931, 2047-52.

califoniicus, 1927, 2175.

caliginosns, 19P, 193s, 2055 ; expla-
nation of plate, 325T.

oliiopterus, 276".

cbloris, llMf. 1925, 1935, 21 62.

cingulatus, 2409.

continis, 199°, 248-.

crassicollis, 198% 245".

c-ristatus, 197°, 2363, 2423, 2424-
43- ; explanation of plate, 326*.

decorus, IS8\ 1895, 1976, 2121, 233°,
2393-40s, 2489, 250' ; explanation
of plates, 3233, 32G4, 327T.

devinctus, 192G, 2168-174; explana-
tion of plate, 3259.

dispar, 1924, 2137.

diversus, 1903.

Chironomus dizonias, 2564.

clorsalis, 1797, 1SS9, 1977, 2409-418 ;
explanation of plates, 3231, 3273.

dux., 188°, 1903, 195f\ 2313 ; expla-
nation of plate, 3263.

elegans, 2993.

fallax, 1919, 210S-113, 2214 ; expla-
nation of plate, 325s.

fascipennis, 1911, 2032, 2043.

ferrugineovittatus, 1975, 2387-392.

festivus, 1963, 2343, 242*.

fimbriatus, 198°, 198s, 245s.

flavicingula, 1885, 1S99, 191s, 2082-
102, 2173, 249^, 249"!; explanation
of plates, 321s, 325s, 327s.

flavus, 1893, 1897, 194B, 22S--263 ;
explanation of plates, 3221, 326.1.
3277.

frequens, 1954, 2305 ; explanation
of plate, 3263.

frigidus, 2812.

fulviventris, 189'J, 189s, 1952, 1966,
196s, 2293; explanation of
plates, 3227, 3229, 3263, 327".

fulvus, 1S95, 1945, 2243-25- ; expla-
nation of plates, 322T, 322s, 3261.

fumidus, 193s, 221u-225; explana-
tion of plate, 3261.

glaucurus, 2419.

grandis, 237-.

halteralis, 191s, 210-, 2224 ; expla-
nation of plate, 325s.

hilaris, 1994, 2474.

birtipes, 299s.-

byperborens, 191°, 206s-74, 207',
2451, 246°.

iunocuus, 19G9. 235s-362.

interuietlius, 2444.

jucundus, 195s, 1989. 232s.

lasioruerus, 1996.

lasiopus, 1991, 199-\ 2473.

lineatus, 1941, 19ti-, 2231.

lineola, 196". 223-. 234s.

lobifer, 2335.

lobiferus, 18S9, 189;1, 1959, 2334-345 ;

explanation of plate, 3232.
longinianus, 195U, 1965, 2217. 233' ;

explanation of plate. 3204.
lougipes, 2225.

338

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Cliiroiionius lugubris, 193°, 22V.

modestns, 18S9, 1895, 1948, 227* 29',
2314 ; explauatiou of plates,
322s, 326', 327", 327T.
var., ISO6, 194".
var.. a, 190"; explanation of

plates, 3226, 3262.
r«r. b, explanation of plates,
3225, 32G2, 327°.

uanus, 302".

nigricans, 1893, 190", 192s, 1933,
2195-213, 223°; explanation of
plates, 321°, 3259.

nigritibia, 198°, 2461.

nitidellus, 191", 210".

niveipennis, 1916, 205°-74.

niveipes, 217s.

nivoriundus, 170".

nubeculosus, 1903.

obscurus, 206", 283*.

oceanicus, 1993.

octopunctatus, 190s, 2015.

palleus, 212s, 2132.

palliatus, 192s, 19S7, 217U-183.

pallidns, 195-'. 230' ; explanation
of plate, 3'Jii.

pavidus, 2824.

pedellus, 192°, 193s, 2183, 219",
2194 ; explanation of plate, 3259.

pedestris, 1931, 2191.

pe-llucidus, 199°. 248".

pilicornis, 20G2.

pilipes, 2445.

phunosus, 1883, 189°, 1974, 236:'-387,
250" ; explanation of plates, 3235,
326".

polaris, 1984, 200", 244s-45\

jtrasinus, 188', 108=, 2443 ; expla-
nation of plate, 330s.

pnichripeunis, 191s, 2035, 2044.

redenns. 1973, 236°.

riparius, liMi-1. lt)2a, 211S~12"; ex-
planation of plate, 325s.

nulis, 206e.

scalaenns, 190s, 201S>-2C; explana-
tion of plate, :(,257.

siniilis, 197-', 197s. 236- ; explana-
tion of plate, 32(V.

spilopterus, 190;1, 202"-31 ; expla-
nation of plate, 3257.

rhironoimis staegeri. 1917, 2074-82,

2451, 24G°.

stigma terns, 1977, 2418-424.
taeniapeimis, 191-, 2035, 2043, 2044 ;

explanation of plate, 3257.
taenionotus, 1943, 2239-242.
teudens, 193'-', 19G4, 2225, 230°, 2349,

2424.
tenellns, 188°, 1895, 192", 193°, 2147-

161 ; explanation of plate, 3215.
tentans, 188s, 1904, 198', 243ML43 ;

explanation of plate, 3309.
triannulatus, 2581.
trichoinerns, 199°, 248°.
trieinetus, 253T.
tristis, 2132.
unicolor, 1997.
variabilis, 272".
varipeimis, 1907, 2011.
veuustus, 2411.
vernalis, 243'.
reruns, 2911.
ribratorins, 2581.
virescens, 1904.

riridieollis, 1957, 1973, 232' ; expla-
nation of plate, 326s.
viridipes, 2115.
viridis. 1955, 2271, 2307.
vnlneratus, 230°.
waldbeimii, 2412.
willistoni, 1967, 2351.
zoiiulus, 2115.
Chirotenetes, 257, 27?, 28°, 293, 301,

32'J. 3G2, 372.

albouianicatns. is4, 29', 315-36J,
544 : explanation of plates, 31G5,
3166.

ignotus, 28D.
Chloeon, 263.
chloris. Chironoinns, sec Chironomus

chloris.

chorea, Diainesa, 1743, 176°-774.
chorens, Tanypns, 1567, 159"-60L'.
C'hoi-oterpes, 25", 274, 324.

basalis, 18s, 38'-404 ; explanation

of plates, 310°, 317".
Cbi-ysoinelidae. 7r, 13°.
cinctns. Tanypus. 125", 1559.
cinerea. Molanna, 144.
eingulatns, Chironouins, 240".

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AM) MIDGES OF XE\V YORK

339

claripennis, Ortbocladius, 2G7'J, 278".
davata, Itbytricbia. .s-rr Itbytricbia

clavata.
clepsydrns. Ortliocladins, 200', 283*-

84'.
Climacia, 10".

dietyona, 15'.
i 'Incou, 28'-'.
Clnnio, SO'J, !>o4, 120--21A

inarinus, 12<f; explanation of

plate, 3297.

Cockerell, T. D. A., acknowledg-
ments to, 19°; mentioned, 42", 462,

4G1', U31 ; cited, 3114.
cnrrcciis, Oxyethira, sec Oxyetliira

coercens.

cn^natella, Agraylea, T52.
Cnleoptera, 11. 125, 135.
collata, Neotricbia, see Neotrichia

collata.

Col. .burns, 25r, 28-.
('uinpnntia, ISC.1.

cruciformis, explanation of plate,

328'.
(•(.mslock. J. II., cited, 31°, 79", 822,

st;J, 3114; acknowledgments to, 76T.
cniicinnus, rrocladins. 12C.T, 129s-

30J.

ci.nliiiis; ('hiri.nomus, lt)9;', 248-.
confiK.a, Ithytricbia. .s-rr Ithytricbia

confusa.
congregata, Thalassomyia, see Tlia-

lassomyia congregate,
consimilis, I'x.ml.us, 134.
coiisimilis, Ilydroptila, sec llydn.p

tila consimilis.

consobrinus, Auatopynia, 1357.
Co.iuillett, <-ited. S2^. 14^s. 182:'. 2H7;,

2f,7;1. 208\ 2841, 3074, 31 15.
Coretbrinae, 81s.
Coretbrium pertinax. 77s.
(."oryuocera, 90", ILU'-GS5.

crassipes, 1G24.

t'orynoneura, 87r, 90^. 90s, 93s, 9(3',
110s, 1171, 162°-639.

si>., explanation of plate, 329".

atra. 1641. 1(145.

celeripes, 1643 ; explanation of
plate, 327:'.

Corynoneura lemnae, 886, 1635 ; ex-
planation of plate, :>29%
scutcllata, 1G39.
Cox, cited, :J11U.
Crane flies, 81r.

crassicollis, Cbironomus, 19S5, 245".
crassinervis, Tanypus, 156°, 1584.
crassipes, Corynocera, 1621.
Cricotopus, 87°, 8S9, 917, 250s-589,
2591, 2G4'J, 2651, 265% 273% 2806 ;
key to species, 2517-52°.
bicinctus, 2524, 256" ; explanation

of plate, 3265.
debilis, 252°. 258°; explanation of

plate, 3265.

exilis, 2519, 251% 2523, 255-56%
256°, 2572, 2574; explanation of
plates, 323°, 32G% 327s.
gemiuatus, 252-, 2533.
sylvestris, 2525, 2573-583 ; explana-
tion of plate, 326%
tremulus, 252-, 252T-533.
trifasciatus, 2517, 2519, 252% 2537-
55- ; explanation of plates, 3237,
326%

/•(//•. tricinctus, 2523.
varipes. 251s, 251% 2524, 256S-57T ;
explanation of plates, 324s, 32G5.
cristata, Ortbotricbia, 739, 758.
cristatus. Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus cristatus.
cruciformis, Compontia, see Compon-

tia cruciformis.
Crustaceans, 11. 131.

/"^Tll^»-»- OO1 -1.) IJ

L ulex, oo , l--t .

( 'ulicidac, 7G2.

Culicids. si8.

culiciformis, Tanypus. ,STP Tanypus

culiciformis.

Culicoides, 927, 989, 994, 1013, HH7,
111"', 1117, 1119. 112".

sp., explanation of plate, 320'.

murinus, 99l.

pulicaris, 1013.
culicoides, Diamesa. .sv •<> Diamesa

culicoides.
cupidus, Blasturus, sec Blasturus

cupidus.

Curculionidae, 13°.
Curtis, cited, 107% 2449, 246% 31 17.

340

NEW YORK STATE MUSE I'M

Cyanophyceae, 357, 40s.
Cybister, 347.

Cyllene niinutissiruella, 653.
< 'ynigrua, 23°.

Dahl, cited, 3117.

Daruselflies, 7".

Barest, cited, 3117.

debilipennis, Metriocnemus, 300°,

3025.
debilis, Cricotopus, see Cricotopus

debilis.

Deby, cited, 1186, 3117.
decedens, ? Tauypus, 1389, 156°.
decorus, Chironomus, see Chirono-

mus decorus.
deflectus, Tanytarsus, see Tauytar-

sus deflectus.
Degeer, cited, 123s, 3117.
delineatus, Hydroptila, see Hydrop-

tila deliueatus.
Derham, cited, 3118.
devinctus, Chironomus, see Chirono-

mus devinctus.
diaboliea, Vespa, 135.
Diamesa, 88s, 89s, 90", 90s, 937, 1721,
172s- 78s, 1833; key to species,
1741.

aberrata, 1744, 174s, 1767, 1769,
1773.

chorea, 1743, 1769-774.

culicoides, 1742, 1755, 1774-783 ; ex-
planation of plate, 329s.

praecox, explanation of plate, 327s.

waltlii, 8S1, 88°, 1741, 174-, 1743,
1744-76S, 170", 2744, 2764 ; expla-
nation of plates, 3213, 326s, 3272,
3277.

dictyona, Climacia, 153.
Didymorphleps, 94°, 995, 1113-12S;
explnnatinu of plate, 3293.

hortorum, 1126.

ditncilis, Ortbocladius, 2669, 277-.
Dilar, 1C5,
diminuta, Caenis, see Caenis dimi-

nuta.
Diptera, 7r, 11, 12=, 13"-141; aquatic

Neniatocerous, 76-315.
discolor, Ablabesmyia, 1381, 1493.

dispar, Cbironomus, 1924, 2137.
dissimilis, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-

sus dissimilis.
diversus, Chirouoinus, 190s.
dives, Tanytarsus, sec Tauytarsus

dives.

Diving beetle, 347.
Dixidae, 762.

di/onias, Chirouoinus, 2561.
Doloplastus, 913, 171s; explanation

of plate, 3301.
dorsalis, Cbironomus, see Chirono-

mus dorsalis.
Douglass, cited, 2S23.
Dragonflies, 7", 143.
Prunella. 2.".4, 278, 42L', 424, 42S^34.

grandis, explanation of plate, 3176,

3177.
dualis, Oxyetbira, see Oxyetbira

dualis.

Dufour, cited, 311s.
Duisberg, cited, 782.
dux, Cbirouonius, sec Chironomus

dux.
Dyar, II. G., cited, 146°, 1904, 2283,

dyari. Ablabesmyia, see Ablabesmyia
dyari.

Eaton, cited, IS1, 18s, 21', 283, 28s, 313.
317, 37\ 384, 418, 42U, 431, 47', 50s,
51T, Gl2, 03s, 311s.
Ec-dyurus, 23°, 268, 533.

maculipenuis, IS3, 35°, 387, 524, 54',
571 ; explanation of plates, 3164,
316° ; figures, 51, 52, 53 ; explana-
tion of figures, 3314, 3315, 3316,
3317, 331s.
Ix-ucr, cited, 311°.
Elateridae, 13°.
elegans, Chironomus, 2995.
elegantula, Rhitbrogena. sec Rhith-

rogena elegantula.
Ellenberger, cited, 311°.
Empids, 794.
Enallaguia sp., 147.
Enteromorpha, 116s, 1175.
Epeorus. 23s.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AXI> MIDGES OF XEAV YORK

341

Ephemera, 23*, 26° ; explanation of
figure, 3311 ; venation of fore
wing of, figure, 22.

varia, 18-.
Ephemerella, 253, 275, 415-423.

sp.t, 42', 4G--474; explanation of
plate, 3177, 317s.

*l>. ? near ignita, 45'5-461.

bispimt, IS5, 425, 434-45l, 453, 455 ;
explanation of plate, 317T, 317".

excrncians, 18-', 417, 42s. 4t>!, 47°;
explanation of plates, 3174. 317T.

grandis, 431, 433.

ignita, 4 17, 43°, 457.

iuerinis, 46°.

unicornis, 45".

walkeri, 43°.
Ephemeridae, 11, 12°, 15-; by J. G.

Needham, 173-62U; life history,

ID1; structure, i97-227; classifica-
tion, 2S7-303.
Ephemerinae, 22s, 2<>4, 28s, 20", fi9°-

629.

Eretnioptera, SO3. 9:'.5, 113B-15": ex-
planation of plate, 329'.

brown i, 1143-15'J, IIS7.
Erickson, cited, 782.
Eristalis, 13s.

Eirrycnemus, 92", 199°, 2974, 297°
98T; key to species, 2985.

sp., explanation of plate, 328°.

aestivus, 299-.

lasionierus, 29S7, 299\

scitulus. 29S7, 29S\

unicolor, 29S7, 2991.
Eutauypns, 902, 933. 178'-795.

borealis. 178°, 178°-79r'.
Euthyplocia, 233, 26r>.
exagitans, Metriocnenuis, sec Metri-

ocnemus exagitaus.
excrncians, Ephemerella. see Ephem-
erella excrucians.
exiguus, Tanytarsus, see Tanytarsus

exiguus.
exilis, Cricotopus, sec Cricotopus

exilis.

Explanation of plates, SIG'-SO".
extremus, Campfocladius, 2603, 264:!

Fabricius, J. C., cited, 242s, 3119-12'.

Fabriciuvs, O., cited, 3119.

fallax, Chironomus, see Chironomus
fallax.

fasciata, Ceratopogon, 104T.

fasciata, Heteroniyia, 1094.

fasciatus, Ceratopogon, 1073.

fasciatus, Tanypus, 1592, Ia97.

fas'cipeniiis. Chironomus, 1911, 203-,
2U43.

fastuosa, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia fastuosa.

fatigaus, Tauytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus fatigans.

femoralis, Plydroptila, 673.

femoratus. Ceratopogon, 105'-', 1084.

femoratus, Melanoplus, 149-15'.

Ferguson. W. II., work of, 104.

ferruginea, Callibaetis, 18:i.

ferrugineovittatus, Chironomus,
1975, 2387-39-.

festivus, Chironomus, 19(>3, 234%
2424.

Figures, legenda to, 331'.

fimbriatus, Chironomus. 198", 198s,
2455.

Fitch, cited, 275?. 3121.

flavellus, Tanytarsus. see Tanytar-
sus ttavellus.

tlaveola, Ablabt-smyia, i::s\ 1514,
ir.24.

flavicinctus. Procladius. 12(>;t, 1321.

tlavicingula, Chirononnis, see Chiro-
n o:in us flavicingula.

flavif rons, Ablabesmyia, see Abla-
besmyia flavifrons.

fiavifrons. Metriocnemus, «ee Metri-
ocnenius tlavifrous.

flavipennis, HeptagenLa, 547.

flavipes, Ceratoi>ogon, 100°.

flavus, Chironomus. .srr Chironomus
flavus

flavus, Orthocladius. .sir Orthocla-
dius flaviis.

Forbes, cited, 79-, 312'.

forcipatus, Auatopynia, 135°.

Forcipomyia, 92°, lOO"-!2.
bipuuctaita, 100s.
nemoralis, 1011.
nemorosus, 10]'.

342

NEW YORK STATE MUSEFM

Forciponiyia pictipennis, 1009.

tricbopterus. 100°, 101'.
Fraueufeld, cited, 312- .
frauenfeldi. Tbalassmnyia, see Tba-

lassomyia frauenfeldi.
frequeus, Cbironomus. .m- Cbirono-

mus frequeus.
friei, Oxyethira, 71:1.
Fries, cited, 1113, 312- .
frigidus, Cbironomus. 281".
frigidus. Ortbocladius. 2<>»>:1, 2(i7:'.

2684.
fug-ax, Ortliocladius, sec Ortbocla-

dius fugax.
fulvesceus, Tauytarsus, x<r Tany-

tarsus fulvescens.
fulviventris, Cliirononius. *rr Cbiro-

nomus fulviventris.
fulvus, Cbiroiionius, *-*r Cbironomus

fulvus.
fumidus. Cliironomus. .srr Cbirono-

nuis fumidus.
funiosus, Camptocladius, see Camp-

tocladius fumosus.
furens. Oecacta, 1023.
fusca. Tetrapbora, 1117,
t'usca, Thalassoniyia, *< r Tbalasso-

myia fusca.

fusci|ies. Metriocnemus, Snl-.SOS'-e1.
futilis, Ablabesmyia, 1371, 139T-404.

Garman, II., cited, TO1, 239", 250%
3122.

Geinitz, cited. 77s.

geminatus, Cricotopus, 252-, 253".

(Jeoffroy, cited, 312J.

(Jercke. cited, KO1. 312-.

(Jervais, cited, 312*.

(iiard, A., acknowledgments to. !>' ;
cited, :;12:.

(Jiebel, cited, 78l.

(Jimmertbal. cited, 3123.

(lirault, cited, 3123.

glaucurus, Cliironomus, 241".

gmundensis, Tanytarsus, see Tauy-
tarsus gmundensis.

(}(>edart. cited. 3124.

<;.).-xo. cited, 3121.

Gompbonema, 35s.

graminicola, Camptocladius. 2595,

26C3, 300s.

grandaevum, Cecidomium, 77s.
grandis, Cliironomus, 237'.
grandis, Drunella, sec Drunella

grandis.

grandis, Epbemerella, 43', 43".
( Irassboppers, 14'J.
grisea, Pentaneura, 1G1-.
Grouse locust, 15'.
Guerin, cited, 3124.
guttularis, Ablabesmyia, 137°, 145s-

Habrophlebia, 24°, 274.

americana, IS3.
I la-en, cited, 05", 3125.
llalesus. 144.

llaliday, cited, 173°, 3125.
Halirytus, 89', HG1-!?-'; explana-
tion of plate, 330".

ampbibius, 11»'>\
balteralis, (^'bironomus, see Cliirono-

mus balteralis.
baniata, Hydroptila, see Hydroptila

bamata.
Hammond, cited, 78°, 84% 86s, 122-,

124'. 179T. 1S11, 241-, 2447, 3123, 313°.
Hart. C. A., mentioned, 29s; cited,

312?.

Ileeger, cited, 1731, 1775. 3125.
Ilemerobiidae, 15°-173; key to genera,

1()4-173.
Ilemerobius, 17'.

ainiculus, 155, 16l.

occidentalis, 1i;J.

tutatrix. explanation of plate. 316-.
Hemiptera, 11, 125, 149.
Hensba\v. S.. cited, 1293, 129s, 130s,

131"'. 1324, 154"; acknowledgments

to, 153J.
Ileptagenia, 241, 2C,T. 32*.

$p. ?, explanation of plate, 3175.

sp., no. 3, 56:.

tlaviponnis, 547.

interpunctata, IS5, 545-56\ 571 ; ex-
planation of plates, 3165, 3175 ;
figures, 52, 53 ; explanation of
figures, 3315, 331a, 3317.

pulcbella, 18'.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AM) MIDiiES OF \E\V YORK

343

Heptageninae, 237, 267, 2&\ 515-544;
figure, 52; explanation of figure,
3315, 331", 3317.

Heptagyia, 901, 121", 101s ; explana-
tion of plate, 3307.

, Heteromyia, 933, 99\ 108"; explana-
tion of plate, 330s.
fasciata, 109*.
lietorostnipha. Physa, 127.
Ilexagenia, 235, 26".

variahilis, 18".
rieyclen, cited, 784.
hilaris. Caonis, .src Caenis bilaris.
hilaris, ( 'Iiironomus, 199', 247*.
hippocastanum, Aesculus, 987.
hirtipeiinis. Ablabesmyia, 138s, 154".
birtipes, < 'liiroiionius, 299s.
Holmgren, cited, 2047, 268°, 27G7, 2824,

2832, 305s, 312".
I loineonenria, 29".
hortoruin, Pidynmrpbleps, 112".
hortnlaiius, < Vratopogon, IOC8.
Hongbton, C. O., acknowledgments

to. 70'; cited. 3o2', 313".
Howard, \Y. K., cited, 185, 2633, 312";
mentioned, 5',)° ; Polymitarcys al-
IMIS, GO=-G211.

Howdy, white-gloved, 315-362.
linnu'i-alis, Prodadius, 12GT, 1302.
humeralis. Tanypns. l."..V.
Ilydrobaenus. S7\ S8", 91:, 1GG3, 1705-

71'.
lugultris, 170''; explanation of

plate, 3282.

IIydi-o]isyche. 144, 32', 322.
Ilydroplila. r,:;7, G.Y. c,.v (;;•'•, 72'.
ap., 73:'.

consimilis, G.7;, 657-66J, (!G7; expla-
nation of plates. 318'. 3193.
dt'linealus. 66- ; explanation of

plate, 318*.
fenioralis, c.7;.
liamata, 67'; explanation of plate.

:;i8r>.
perdita, 674 ; explanation <>f jtlate,

3191.

sparsa, G56, 661.
spatulata, 667 ; exjdanation of

plate, 31Sri.
Hydroptilidae, S2, G31-729, 732.

Hydrotrechns. .«;>. ?, 14°.
Ilyinenoptera, 11, r_", i:;:.
liyperhorens, Chironomns. sec Chi-
rononius Iiyperboreus.

ignita, Ephemerella. 417, 43", 457.

ignotns, Chirotenetes, 289.

Tnims, cited, 3127.

incoiuptns, Metriocuemns, 300s, 304'

inderisa, Ablabesmyia, HOC Alilabcs-

myia indecisa.
inermis. Epbemerella, 4G9.
innocuus, Chironomus, 196", 235s-

362.

Insecta lappouica, 1619.
insipidns, Microinns. -srr Microinus

insipidus.

intennedius, (.'liironoinus. 2444.
interpunctata, Heptagenia, see. Hep-

fagenia interpunctata.
Iron. 23s, 269, 533, 541.

*l).'l, 57s-59-'; explanation of plate,
3171; figures. r>2, 53; explanation
of figures, 331", 331". 3317.
iscmerius, Scopelodromus, 308"'.
Isoplastus. 89s, 121°, 1255, 1257, 155";

explanation of plate, 330s.
Itliytrichia. G4n. (;7C-G96.

clavata. 678-69"; explanation of

plates. 3187, 319=.

confusa, 69-; explanation <if jilate,
3187.

lamellaris. 68".

Jacobs, cited. 3127.
Jawormvski, cited, 312T.
.Toblot. cited. 31 1'7.
.Tohannsen. Oskar Augustus. Aqua-
tic Xematoceras Diptera. 7s. 7r>-

315; cited. 312s.
Jolmson. cited. 21(i'. 21S'J, 222", 2234,

2284, 2318, 2327, 232:', 243a. 258\

2G2\ 2(i84, 3.12s.
jobnsoni, Ablabesmyia, 137s, 147"-

48'.
Jolia, 28s.

roeseli, 289.
Jonas. Microinus. see Microinus

Jonas.

344

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

jucundus, Chirouomus, 195s, 198°,

232s.
Juday, Chauneey, acknowledgments

to, 197; mentioned, 433, 59".
Julus, 124.

junci, Tany tarsus, 2863, 290"-915.
junius, Anax, 147.

Kellogg, V. L., acknowledgments to,
76s ; cited, 788, 843, 113r, 1142, 312s.

Kennicott, R., mentioned, 238".

Kertesz, cited, 312".

Kerville, cited, 3129.

kervilli, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
cladius kervilli.

Keys, use of, 19s; to species of Ab-
labesmyia, ISGMJS*; to species of
Camptocladius.259M>03; to species
of Chasmatonotus, IfvG4; to genera
of Chironornidae, S71-945; to
species of Chirononius. 18Ss-99"";
to species of Cricot'opus, 2517-52°;
to species of Diamesa, 1741; to
species of Eurycnemus. 29S3; to
genera of Hemerobiidae, 1P>4-173;
to genera of Mayflies of North
America, 22S-2S2; to species of
Metriocnemus, 3002-!2: to species
of Orthocladiuis, 2fi54-677; to
species of Procladins, 1262-273; to
species of Tanypus, 1561 ; to species
of Tanytarsus, 2851-867; to species
of Thalassoiiiyia, 1839.

Kieffer. Abbe J.T.. cited, 92°. 93", 945,
101*, 1052, 1063, 106s, 10Sr>, 120",
1634, 1&46, 258s, 31 2", 3131, 313».

Kienitz, cited, 3132.

Kirby, cited, 3132.

Klapalek, cited, 64s.

Knab, Fred, mentioned, 3072.

knabi, Metriocnemus, sec Metrioc-
nemus knabi.

Kollar, cited, 3132.

Kollicker, cited, 3132.

Knpfer, cited, 31 32.

Labidomyia, 100s, 1011.
Laboulbene. cited, 3133.
lactipennis, Anatopynia, 1357.
lameilaris, Ithj^trichia, 68s.

lapponica, Insecta, 1619.

lasiomerus, Cliironomus, 199fi.

lasiomerus, Eurycnemus. 2987. 299'.

lasiopus, Chirononius. 1991, 1995, 2472.

Latreille, cited, 3133.

Lauterborn, R., acknowledgments
to, 9J.

Leger, cited, 3133.

lemnae, Corynoneiira, see Coryno-
neura lemnae.

Lepidoptera, 11, 126, 152.

Leptoconops, 924, 943, 947, 962 ; expla-
nation of plate, 328".

Leptophlebia, 248, 273, 505.
praepedita, 185, 49S-51S; explana-
tion of plate, 3179.

Leptophyes, 497.

Lestes, ,s-p., 147.

Levi-Morenos, cited, 313*.

Limnophyes, 907, 165--662 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3302.
pusillns, 1662.

lineatus, Chironomus, 1941, 1962, 2231.

lineola, Chironomus, 1962, 2232, 234s.

Linne, cited, 3134.

Lintner, cited, 313\

littoralis, Tipula, 2185.

lobifer, Chironomus. 233'.

lobiferns, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus lobiferus.

Loew, cited, 781, 103s, 1083, 3135.

Long, W. H., cited, 100s, 3135.

longimanus, Chironomus, see Chi-
ronomus longimanus.

longipes. Chironomus, 2223.

Lowne, cited, 846.

lucidus, Folycentropus, 14*.

ludens, Ameletus, see. Ameletus lu-
dens.

lugubris, Chironomus, 193", 2217.

lugubris, Hydrobaenus, see Hydro-
baenus lugubris.

Lundbeck, cited, 1391, 1537, 1645, 2073,
2073, 2273, 2451, 2465, 2607, 2fi08, 2623,
262s, 263T, 264s, 2G48, 2689, 2767, 2772,
277s. 2787, 2792, 2816, 2915, 296s, 3015,
3028, 3034, 304s, 3059, 3136.

lundbeckii, Metriocnemus, see Metri-
ocnemus lundbeckii.

Lyonet, cited, 3139.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIIHiES OF NEW YORK

345

MacGillivray, A. D., acknowledg-
ments to, 763 ; mentioned, 105* ,

cited, 3024, 313°.
McLachlan, R., mentioned, 634 ; cited,

63s, 644, 647, C53, 699, 742, 75s.
Mac-quart, cited, 3137.
Macropeza, 77r, 923, 1698-704 ; expla-
nation of plate, 3287.
M.-id-optilum, 308s.

nudurn, 308°.

maculata, Calopteryx, 14s.
ni.-u'ulatus, Chasniatonotus, 1673.
maculatus, Tipula, 142°.
niaculiponnis, Ecdynrus, see Ecdyu-

rus maculipennis.
magellanica, Belgica, 113".
marinus, Clunio, see Clunio marinus.
Martin, J. O., mentioned, 475.
Mayer, cited, S44, 313T.
Mayflies of North America, key to

genera, 22'-2S'-'. Sec also Epheni-

eridae.

Megerle, cited, 106'.
Meigen, cited, 105", 1061, 125", 155n,

3061, 3137.

Meinert, cited, 124:i, 313s.
Melander, A. L., acknowledgments

to, 7G8.

Melanoplus femoratus, 14!1-151.
melauops, Ablabesmyia, sec Ablabes-

myia melanops.

Metriocnenms, 875, 88s, 922, 934, 162s,
1723, 260s, 299"-3073; key to
species, 3002-!2.

atratulus, 3009, 3044 ; explanation
of plates, 327-, 3279.

debilipennis, 300°, 3025.

exagitans, 3007, 303T ; explanation
of plate, 327J.

flavifrons, 300s. 300s, 3015; expla-
nation of plate, 3271.

fnscipes, 3012, SOS^G1.

incomptus, 300s, 3041.

knabi, 301)°, 3063-74 ; figures, 306;
explanation of figures, 3319.

lundbeckii, 300", 3015, 3029-36; ex-
planation of plate, 3271.

modestus, 304*.

nanus, 3003, 3013, 3035.

Metriocnemus par, 3004, 301°-24 ; ex-
planation of plates, 3271, 327".

liicipes, 3061.

ursinus, 301", 3048-55.
Miall, cited, 78°, 842, 86s, 1241, 1797,

1811, 1863, 2412, 3139.
Micromus, 167.

«/)., 153.

augulatus, 15".

insipidus, explanation of plate,
316s.

jonas, 15"-164; explanation of

plate, 316s.

Midge, net-winged, 542, 591.
Mik, cited, 96', 98°, 3139-141.
Miller, Mrs Mary Rogers, acknowl-
edgments to, 197 ; mentioned, 495.
Millipedes, 11.
minimus, Camptocladius, see Canip-

tocladius minimus,
minutissimella, Cyllene, 653.
ininutus, Orthocladius, see Ortbocla-

dius minutus.
modestus, Chironomus, see Cbirono-

niiis modestus.

modestus, Metriocnemus, 304*.
Molanna cinerea, 144.
monilis, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia monilis.
monilis, Tanypus, 144".
Monnier, cited, 3141.
morio, Anatopynia, 1357.
Morley, cited, 3141.
Morton, Kenneth J.. North American

Hydroptilidae, 631-729.
.Mostiuitos, 817.
Mueller, O. T., cited, 3142.
multipunctat'a, Agraylea, see Agray-

lea multipuuctata.
murinus, Culicoides, 991.
muticus, Tany tarsus, sec Tanytar-

sus muticus.

nanus, Chironomus, 3029.

nanus, Metriocnemus, 3003, 3013,
308s.

nebulosus, Tanypus, 1391.

Needham, James G.. bulletin on
stoneflies (Perlidae). 8°; The Sum-
mer Food of the Bullfrog (Rana

346

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

catesbiana Shaw) at Saranac Inn,

92-155; Ephemeridae,173-G29; cited,

GS9, 716, T89, 79°, 79s, 862, 3114, 3142;

mentioned, 741, 755, 1054, 1074, 1673;

acknowledgments to, 76s.
nemoralis, Forcipomyia, 1011.
nemorosus, Forcipomyia, 1011.
Neotrichia, 652, 722.

collata, 725; explanation of plate,

3189, 3191.
nervosus, Procladius, see Procladius

nervosus.

nervosus, Tanypus, 1341.
Neuronia postica, 142.
Neuroptera, 11, 12", 154.
nigricans, Chironomus. sec Chirono-

mus nigricans.

nigripilus, Tanytarsus, 285s, 2873.
nigritibia, Chironomus, 198°. 2461.
niSTOpunctata, Ablabesmyia, 1383,

1512, 1551.

nitidellus, Chironomus, 1919, 2106.
niveipennis, Chironomus, 191", 205"-

7*.

niveipes, Chironomus, 217s.
nivoriundus, Chironomus, 1765.
nivoriundus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-

cladius nivoriundus.
Nowicki, cited, 3142.
nubeculosus, Chironomus, 1903.
nudipes, Anatopynia, 1358.
nudum, Macroptilum, 3089.

obediens, Tanytarsus, see Tanytar-
sus obediens.

obesa, Baetisca, see Baetisca obesa.

obscura, Thalassomyia, 1829. 183",
1 84^8 5s.

obscurus, Chironomus. 2062, 2834.

obumbrat'us, Orthocladius, see Or-
thocladius obumbratus.

oceidentalis, Hemerobius, 162.

occidentalis, Procladius, 1264, 127s.

oceidentalis, Spadobius, see Spado-
bius occidentalis.

oceanicus, Chironomus, 1993.

oceanicus, Orthocladius, src Ortho-
cladius oceanicus.

octopunctntus, Chironomus.
2018.

Odonata, 11, 126, 145.
Odonata-Anis.optera, 76.
Odonata-Zygoptera. 7°.
Oecacta, 92s, 942, 995, 101«-22.

furens, 1023.
Oligoneuria, 293, 29".
ornata, Ablabesmyia, 137s. 1484.
ornata, Cerat'opogon, 1027.
Orthocladius, 87", 889, 919, 162s, 1715,
1723, 1729, 1834, 183s, 1859, 2494,
2512, 258°, 25S9, 264s-84\ 3066;
kej' to species, 2654-677.

absurdus, 2671, 2777-782; explana-
tion of plates, 3267, 327-. 3279.

atomarius, 2GG7, 2768-77-.

barbicornis. 266°, 283'.

basalis, 2677, 282s.

claripennis, 2G72, 278-.

clepsydrus, 2665, 283s-84'.

difficilis, 2669, 2772.

flavus, 2655, 2657, 26G4, 2704-72';
explanation of plates, 323s, 3267.

frigidus, 26G3, 2G7\ 2684.

fugax, 2572, 2G.T1. 2115s. 2G73, 2792
809; explanation of plates, 324s,
3267.

kei*villi, explanation of plate,
327s.

niinutus, 2G72, 2G73, 2784, 278s-792.

nivoriundus, 265", 2G57, 26G6, 2743-
764; explanation of plates, 324',
32G7.

obumbratus, 2437°, 2816-823; ex-
planation of plate, 32GS.

oceanicus. 26G3, 269'-704; expla-
nation of plate, 32S5.

par. 2G59, 2677, 3024.

platypus, 1829-831, 2G74.

politus, 2662, 268'.

pubitarsis, 2675, 2G89, 28 11, 2822.

sordens, 26G4, 272-; explanation of
plate, 3267.

sordidellus, 2G5n, 2G5S. 2G64, 2G<T.
2675, 2725-742, 2769; explanation
of plates. 324=, 32G7.

stercorarius, 2G6G, 27o5, 2764, 3009,
3045.

variabilis, 2737.
Orthoptera, 11, 12°. 149-15-.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIDf.'KS OF NEW YORK

347

Ortliotrichia, <>4". <;(,)';-7<J7.

americana, T.">", 75": iiynrc. 7.",: ex-
planation of figure, 331s.
angustella, G97, 701, 703, 705.
bracuiata, 702; explanation of

plate, SlS8.
rristata, 739, 75°.
ti'tensii, 69°, 75°.
Osboru, cited, 249-, 3142.
osien Sacken, cited, 1G03, 238°, 244T,

3143.

Oxyethira, G49, 707-721, 729.
coercens, 709-713; explanation of

plate, 318s.
dualis, 717-72' ; explanation of

plate, 319s.
frici, 713.

viruiualis, 713; explanation of
plate, 318°.

Pachyleptus, 108°, 1094, HO1.

Packard, A. S., cited, 110s, 2703, 314'.

pnlleus, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-
myia pallens.

pa liens, Cbironomus, 2128, 2132.

palliatus, Chiroiionms, 1!)2S', 1937,
217°-183.

pallidus, Cbironornus, see Cbirono-
mus pallidus.

rahnobius, 171.

amiculus, explanation of plate,
31G3.

Palpnmyia, 931, 93°, 994, 1049, 1052,
105'-64, 106s.

ranger, cited, 3144.

par, Metriocneruus, see Metriocue-
mus par.

par, Ortbocladius, 2G59, 2677, 3024.

parvus, Camptocladius, 2602, 2633.

pavidus, Cbironomus, 2824.

pectinata, Psamathioinyia, see Psa-
matbiomyia pectinata.

pcdcllus, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus pedellus.

pedestris, Cbironomus, 1931, 2191.

Pedicia albivitta, 8s.

pollucidus, Cbirouomus, 199°, 248".

pennsylvanicus, Camponotus, 133.

Pentagenia, 268.

I'eiitaneura, 8D;', 1219, 160S-612; ex-
planation of plate, 3303.

.u'rist'a, K51-.
perdita, Hydroptila, see Hydroptila

perdita.
Perlidae, 86.
Perris, cited, 3144.
pertiuax, Coretbrium, 77s.
Pettit, cited, 3144.
Pbilippi, cited, 3145.
pbotophila, Burmeisteria, 172T.
Pbysa beterostropba, 127.
picipes, Metriocnemus, 30G1.
iiictipeuuis, Ablabesmyia, see Abla-

iK'smyia pictipennis.
pii-tipenuis, Forcipomyia, 1009.
pictiponnis, Psycbopbaena, 1115,
pilicoruis, Cbironomus, 2062.
pilipes, Cbironomus, 2445.
pilosella, Ablabesmyia, 1384, 1383,

152'-533.
pinguis, Procladius, see Procladius

pinguis.

Plant-beetles, aquatic, T.
Plates, explanation of, SIG'-SO9.
platypus, Ortbocladius, 1829-831, 2671.
platypus, Tbalassouiyia, 1839, 185s-

86l.

plumipes, Tanypus, 1356.
plumosus, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus plumosus.

Podonomus. 89a, 1219, 161- ; explana-
tion of plate, 3304.

stigmaticus, 1G1'.
Poey, cited, 314\
polaris, Cbironomus, 1984, 20G9, 244s -

453.

politus, Ortbocladius, 2GG2, 2681.
Polycentropus lucidus, 144.
I'olymitarcys, 231, 265.

alltns, 18", r.9'J, 602-629 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3182.

virgo, 292, GO1.
Polystoecbotes, 16e.
postica, Neuronia, 142.
posticalis, Tanypus, see Tanypus

posticalis.

Potamantbus, 23°, 268.
praecox, Diamesa, see Diamesa

praecox.

348

NEW YORK STATE MFSEI'M

praepedita, Leptophlebia, see Lep-

tophlebia praepedita.
prasinus, Cbironomus, see Chirono-

mus prasinus.
Prionomyia, 1083, 1084.
prisons, Khyphus, IT.
Procladius, 897, 12 lu, 1255, 1257, 125s-
273 ; key to species, 1262-273 ; ex-
planation of plate, 3304.
adumbratus, 126", 1271, 1325-33«,
1363, 136° ; explanation of plates,
3207, 3211.

bellus, 1263, 1285, 1287-293.
caligiuosus, 1269, 1315; explanation

of plate, 325*.
conciuims, 12G7, 129S-30-.
flavicinctus, 1269, 1321.
bunieralis, 1267, ISO2.
nervosus, 1586, 158s, 1G02 ; explana-

tion of plate, 330s.
occidentalis, 1264, 127s.
pinguis, 126s, 127', 1316, 133G-343,
136° ; explanation of plates, 3205,
325".
pusillus, 126% 1281; explanation

of plate, 3254.
scapularis, 1272, 1345-354 ; explana-

tion of plate, 3254.
tboracicus, 126", 129s.
tricolor, 120s, 130°-315.
turpis, 12G4. See also Tanypus

(Procladius) turpis.
Prodrornus, 1065.
Prosopistoma, 297.'
Psainathiouryia, 87-, 894, 1137, 1173-

201.
pectinata, 1174 ; explanation of

plate, 32S8.
Psycbophaeua, 94°, 995, 111-.

pictipennis, 1115.
pubitarsis, Orthocladius, see Ortbo-

cladius pubitarsus.
pubitarsus, Tauypuis, 1357.
pulcbella, Ileptagenia, 181.
pulcbripennis, Ablabesuiyia, see Ab-

Inbesuiyia pulcbripenuis.
puk-liripennis. Cbironomus, 1913, 203",

pulicaris, Culicoides, 1015.

puuiilio, Camptocladius, 259°, 2617-

62\

puuctata, Ceratopogon, 1015.
punctipeunis, Tanypus. 12.7\ 155°.
Punkies. 774.

pusillus, Limnophyes, 1GG-.
pusillus, 1'rocladius. see Procladius

pusillus.

pusio, Tanytarsus, 2S63, 2915.
pygmaea, Baetis, 18', 404.

Rana catesbiaua, 8"; summer food
of, at Sarauac Inn, by J. G. Need-
bam, 92-155; explanation of plate,
3161.

Reaumur, cited, 23S5, 3143.

redeuns, Cbironomus, 1973, 2366.

Rhitbrogena, 241, 272, 533, 537, 541.
eleg'antula, 59"; explanation of
plate, 3171; figures, 52, 53; ex-
planation of figures, 3315, 3316,
3317, 331s.

Rhyplius prisons, 779.

Ricbardsou, R. E., mentioned, 3091.

Ridley, cited. 3145.

Riley, C. V., acknowledgments to,
76s; cited, 238°, 3145.

riparius, Obironomus, see Cbirono-
mus ripariuis.

Ris, cited, 643.

roeseli, Jolia, 288.

Roudani, cited, 3145.

rondaui, Alasion, 1064.

rosti'atus. Ceratopogon, 1127.

rudis, Chirononius, 2062.

St Pauli, Telmatogeton, see Telma-
tog-eton St Pauli.

Sandflies, 774.

Say, cited, 1095, 1098, 1447, 2243, 228*,
2536, 3146.

scalaenus, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus scalaenus.

sc;ipularis, Procladius, sec Procla-
dius scapularis.

Scarabaeidae, 13".

Scbiner. cited. 1GO:1. 1G24, 1G82, 2119,
214\ 2J!S5, 25H3, 2837, 296s, 3047,
3059, 3147.

Scholtz, cited, 3147.

INDEX TO MAY FUT.'S AND .MTlKiKS OF Ni:\V YORK

349

Schrauk, cited, 314T.
Sehubaert, cited, 314s.
scirpi,Wulpiella,seeWulpiella scirpi.
seitulus, Eurycnenius, 2987, 298\
Scupelodromus, 91°, 3074-8T.

isernerius, 3085.
Scnddcr, cited, 7S5, 314".
sciitcll;il;i, Corynoneura, Hi.",".
Sendelia, 782.

Scrromyia, 933, 995, 1067. 108:!.
sctulosa. Bezzia, see Bezzia setulosa.
Sialididae, American, 77.
Silt'veuius, A. .].. cited, 74-.
similis, Chiroiiomus, see Chironomus

similis.

Simuliidae, 7G-.
Siniiilium, 32-.

Slphlurus, 25s, 27s; figure, 20; expla-
nation of figure, 3311.

alternatus. 152, IS2, 192.
Sisyra, 16°.

urabrata, 154.

skokiaua, Gallibaetis. 183, 40C.
Skmso, cited. 10G2, 1085. ]2~v'. 12.">7,

135°, 155", 314s.
Slater, cited, 314s.
Slosson, cited, 245°. 314°.
Smith, cited. 3149.
Smittia, 914, 171r-723.

lu'evipennis, 1721.
Snails, 11.
gardens, Orthocladius, we Ortho-

clndius sordens.'

sordidellus, Orthocladius, see Ortho-
cladius sordidellus.
Spadobius, 169.

occideutalis, explanation of plate,

3162.

Spaniotoma, 905, 1625; explanation
of plate, 33<F.

bivittata, 1628.
spai-sa, Hydroptila, 65G, 6G1.
spa tula t'a, Hydroptila, see Hydrop-
tila spa tul a ta.

Sphaeromas, 932, 995. 1071; explana-
tion of plate, 319s.

argentata. see Ceratopogon
(Sphaeromas) argentata.

argentatus, 1074-83; explanation
of plates, 3203, 3273.

Spiders, 11.

spilopterus, ChiroiKniius .sec Chiron-
omus spilop'terus.

Stactobia, G51.

St'aeger, cited, 130'. l."»-".T, L'u73, 261T,
262s, 208", 283% 3<)G', 3149.

staegeri, Chironomus, see Chirono-
mus staegei'i.

stellatus, TanypU'S, see Tanypus stel-
latus.

Stenoxenidae, 81°.

Stenoxenus, explanation of plate,
3294.

Stephens, cited, 105°, 314°.

s.tercorarius, Orthocladius, see Or-
thocladius sitercorarius.

stigmateriis, Chironomus, 1977, 241s-
421.

stigmaticus, 1'odouomus, 1614.

Stoueflies, 8U.

Sti'atLomyia badius?, 13a.

Stratiomyidae. 137.

Swainson. cited, 18(r, 3151.

sylvaticus, Tanypus, 159s.

sylvaticus, Tanytarsus, 2873.

sylvestris, Cricotopus, see Cricoto-
pus sylvestris.

Syrphidae, 13T.

Tabanidae, 137.
Tachiuidae, 137.

taeniapenuis, Chironomus, see Chi-
ronomus taeniapennis.
taeuionotus, Chironomus, 1943, 2239-

24=.
Tanypus (group), 1219-79", 87s, 883,

89°, 936.

Tanypus (genus), 781, SO4, 833. 834,
89s, 1219, 140', 142:, 141". 1401,
1493, 149s, 1514, 151a, 1533, 155s-
60s, 1784, SOW; key to species,
1561.

sens. str.. 1255.
,*>•/'., 110"; explanation of plate,

3273.

annnlatus, 142;). 144';. 1447, 156*.
aoinulipes, 161s.
baltimoreus, 156s, 1605.
bellus, 1283.

350

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Tauypus bicolor, 149".

choreus, 1567, 159'°-602.

cinctus, 125°, 155".

crassinervis, 156°, 158*.

culiciformis, 15G4, 1567, 158B-59'!,
1607 ; explanation of plates, 325",
3275.

decedens, 1389, 156".

fasciatus, 159-, 159'.

monilis, 144".

iiebulosus, 1391.

nervosus, 1341.
. plumipes, 1358.

posticalis, 156a, 1579-583; explana-
tion of plate, 3307.

punctipennis, 1256, 155°.

stellatus, 1563, 1571; explanation
of plate, 325".

sylvaticus, 159s.

tenuis, 1592.

tibia lis, 15G8, 1603.

tricolor, 135T.

(Procladius?) turpis, 1273, 1357.

varius, 1244.

Tanytarsus, 877, 885, 919, 2842-978 ;
key to species, 2S5a-S67.

sp., 28G", 290', 2973; explanation
of plates, 3225, 322".

deflectus, 285°, 2S62, 2881 ; explana-
tion of plates, 322-, 326s.

dissimilis, 2853, 2856, 2864, 2866,
2924-93s ; explanation of
plates, 3246, 3278.
var. a, 2856.

dives, 2S5-, 285% 2S62, 2885-904;
explanation of plates, 3249-251,
3269, 327".

exiguus, 2268, 2853, 2854, 2867, 2932,
2935, 2947-965; explanation of
plates, 3252, 3278.

fatigans, 28G4. 2921 ; explanation
of plate, 3269.

ttavellus, 2867, 2969-97s; explana-
tion of plate, 326".

fulvescens, 2865, 2939-943; expla-
nation of plate, 32G9.

gmundensis, 2S52, 2859, 287T ; ex-
planation of plate, 3268.

Tanytarsus junci, 2863, 2909-916.

inuticus, 2S66, 294* ; explanation of
plate, 3269.

nigripilns, 285s, 2873.

obediens, 2858, 2S68-S73 ; explana-
tion of plate, 326s.

pusio, 28G3, 2915.

sylvaticus, 2873.

tenuis, 28G6, 2966.
Taylor, cited, 2735, 3151.
Telmatogeton, 887, 909, 934, 94\ 1681-
691.

alaskensis, 1691, 1692.

St Pauli, 1683, 1689 ; explanation of

plate, 3283.
teudens, Cbirouonius, see Cbirono-

nius teudens.
tenellus, Chirononius, see Cbirono-

nius tenellus.
tentaus, Chirouonius, see Cbirouo-

mus tentans.
tenuis, Tanypus, 1593.
tenuis, Tauytarsus, 286°, 296".
teruarius, Bombus, 134.
Ternipus, 16^.
Teraesthes, 924, 943, 95l-96\

torrens, 964; explanation of plate,

3289.

tetensii, Ortbotricbia, 69', 759.
Tetragoneuria, 126, 148.
TetVaphora, 94°, 995, 1115; explana-
tion of plate, 330°.

fusca, 1117.

Text figures, legenda to, 3311.
Thalassoinyia, 88s, 91°, 182s-864,
3075 ; key to species, 1839.

congregata, 889, 1829, 1831, 3085.

frauenfeldi, 1829, 1862, 308a ; expla-
nation of plate, 3281.

fusca, 882, 174% 2253, 2713, 3085;
explanation of plate, 326-.

obscura, 182°, 1839, 1841-858.

platypus, 1839, ISS'-SG1.
Theobald, cited, 186*, 3152.
tboracicus, Procladius, 126°, 1293.
tibialis, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-

niyia tibialis.
tibialis, Tauypus, 1568, 1603.

INDEX TO MAY FI.IKS AND MUM.F.S OF NK \V YORK

353

Tipula, 142', 158", 201", 212", 2184,
222% 252s, 257s, 2624, 2T64, 283".

arundineti, 149s.

cantans, 2183.

littoralis, 218s.

maculatus, 142°.

•>. virens, 230s.
Tipulid larva, 8s.
Tipulidae, 13T.
Tipulids, 817.

Tomosvary, cited, 182", 3152.
torrens. Tersesthcs. sec Tersest lies

torrens.

Tortricids, 1781.

Townsend, cited, 101°, 102', 315-'.
Treat, cited. 3152.

tn-mulus, Cricotopus, 252% 2527 531
triannulatufi, Chironoinns, 2581.
trichomerus, Cbirouomus, 199'', 248'.
Trichoptera, 82, 11, 123, 14-.
trichopterus, Forcipomyia, 100", KM.
tricinctus. Chironomus, 2537.
tricolor, Trocladius, 120s, 130"-31.
tricolor, Tanypus, 13.T.
Trimrytlins, 497.
I rifasciatus, Crieotopus, sec Crico-

topus trifaseiatus.
tristis. Chironomus. 2 !.">'-.
Tubipex. 123".
tnrpis. Procladius. 12(1'.
turpis. Tanypus i Procladius). 127'',

1357.
tii'talrix. llcim-robius. .srr Ilemero-

Itius tutatrix.

Ulmer, cited, G92, 2951, 315'.
unihrata, Sisyra. 15*.
unicolor, rhirononius. 1!tli;.
unicolor. Enrycnemiis. 2987. 299'.
unicornis, Epheuierella. 45'-'.
nnimaciilatus, Chasnmtonotus, ir>(>7.

1671, 167e.
univittatus. Chasrnatonotus. IfiO",

1674.
nrsinus, Metriocnernus, 3012, 304s-5 .

Van der Wulp, cited. 1404. 1704. 1S27.
1ST2. 2121, 21 GG. 21 67. 218". 2273, 2327.
244-. 244\ 2r,r,-. 2."ifr. 201 \ 262s. 207s.
298', 3002, 3044, 3059, 3153.

Van iMi/.ro. K. I'., iiiciitioin-d. 30s
Vaney. cited. :!1."»4.
varia. Ephemera. 1SJ.
variabilis. Chiroiioinus. '2~21'.
variables. Ilcxa.^cnia. IS2.
variabilis. Orthocladius, 27:i7.
vari[)ennis. ( 'hiroiiounis, 1907, 2011.
varipes. Cricotopus, xrc Cricotopu.s

varipes.

varius, Tanypus, 124*.
Vayssiere, cited. IS1. 2ir'.
velutinus, Caniptucladiiis. 200-.

263T-643.
venust'a. Ablabcsmyia. -s-rv Ablabes-

myia veuusta.

venustus. Chironoiiius, 241'.
Verloren. cited, Ml."i'.
vernalis. (Miiroiionuis. 2434.
vernus, ( 'liinmoinus, 291'.
Vcrrall. <-ited. 11 7% 3154.
Vcspa diabolica. 13r>.
vibralorius, Chirnntunus. LJ.'S'.
vini.iiialls. < (xycthira, sec Oxyt-thira

viminalis.
^'inen, cited, 3154.
violacea. Argia, 14fi.
'! vireiis. Tipula, 230s.
virescens. Chironomus. I'.iu'.
virsj'o. Polymitarcys. 2!l2. nil'.
viridicollis. Cliirononms. \rr C'hiron-

omus viridicollis.
viridipes, Chironomus, 21 1\
viridis, Chironomus, 19.V. L'271. 2307.
vitiosus, CeratO'pogon. 1O4"1.
Von Grimm, cited, .">124.
von Waldheim, Fishei-. cited. Ml."4,
vulneratus. CliirMiK.mus. 2::d:1.

Wagner, cited. :',!.") .

Avaldheimii. Cliironomus. 241-.

Walker, cited. !(«»'. 11u'. 232'1. 24." \
24.V, 24(V, L'4ir. 247-/2474. 247°, 247s,
2481, 2484. 24S", 24S\ 2677, 2995, 3155.

walkeri. Eplienierella. 436.

Walsh, cited. IS'. :U7.

waltlii. Diamesa. xcr !>iaipesa
waltlii.

Wassmann, cited. 31.V.

Water skaters. 14".

350

XKW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Tauypus bicolor, 1499.

choreus, 15G7, 159°-60-.

cinctus, 125°, 1559.

crassinervis, 156°, 1584.

culiciformis, 1564, 1567, 158"-590,
1607 ; explanation of plates, 3?58,
3275.

decedens, 1389, 156".

fasciatus, 159=, 1597.

inoiiilis, 1448.

nebulosus, 1391.

nervosus, 1341.
, plumipes, 1358.

posticalis, 1566, 1579-583 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3307.

punctipennis, 1256, 155°.

stellatus, 1563, 1571; explanation
of plate, 325°.

sylvaticus, 159s.

tenuis, 1592.

tibialis, 156s, 1603.

tricolor, 1357.

(Procladius?) turpis, 1273, 1357.

varius, 1244.

Tanytarsus, 877, 885, 919, 2842-978 ;
key to species, 2S5J-S67.

sp., 28G2, 290', 2973; explanation
of plates, 3225, 3226.

deflectus, 2859, 2862, 2881 ; explana-
tion of plates, 3222, 326s.

dissimilis, 2853, 2856, 28G4, 2866,
2924-938 ; explanation of
plates, 324s, 3278.
var. a, 2856.

dives, 285s, 2S55, 286% 2885-904;
explanation of plates, 324°-251,
326", 327».

exiguus, 226s, 2S53, 2854, 2867, 2932,
2935, 2947-96!; explanation of
plates, 3252, 3279.

fatigans, 2864. 2921 ; explanation
of plate, 326'.

flavellue, 2867, 2969-973 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3269.

fulvescens, 2865, 2939-943 ; expla-
nation of plate, 3269.

ginundensis, 285=, 2858, 2877 ; ex-
planation of plate, 326s.

Tanytarsus junci, 2863, 2909-191".

nmticus, 2868, 2944 ; explanation of
plate, 3269.

nigripilus, 285s, 2873.

obediens, 285s, 286s-873 ; explana-
tion of plate, 3263.

pusio, 2863, 2915.

sylvaticus, 2873.

tennis, 28G6, 2968.
Taylor, cited, 2735, 3151.
Telinatogeton, 887, 909, 934, 941, 1681-
691.

alaskensis, 1691, 1692.

St Pauli, 1682, 1688 ; explanation of

plate, 3283.
tendens, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-

mus tendens.

tenellus, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus tenellus.

tentans, Cbironomus, see Cbirono-
mus teutaus.
tenuis, Tanypus, 1593.
tenuis, Tanytarsus, 286°, 296".
teruarius, Bombus, 134.
Ternipus, 1605.
Tersestbes, 924, 943, 95l-964.

torreus, 964 ; explanation of plate,

32S9.

tetensii, Ortbotricbia, G9", 75°.
Tetragoneuria, 12s, 14*.
TetVapbora, 94°, 995, 1115; explana-
tion of plate, 330s.

fusca, 1117.

Text figures, legenda to, 3311.
Thalassomyia, 883, 91°, 182s-864,
3075 ; key to species, 183".

congregata, 88°, 1829, 1831, 3085.

frauenfeldi, 1829, 1862, 80S8; expla-
nation of plate, 3281.

fusca, 88=. 1745, 2253, 2713, 30S3 ;
explanation of plate, 326s.

obscura, 1829, 1839, IS^-SS8.

platypus, 1839, ISS^SB1.
Tbeobald, cited, 1864, 3152.
tboracicus, Procladius, 126a, 1293.
tibialis, Ablabesmyia, see Ablabes-

myia tibialis.
tibialis, Tauypus, 156s, 1603.

INDEX TO MAY FLIES AND MIFH.ES OF \IO\V VOUK

351

Tipula, 142', 158", 201", 212", 2184,
222% 252s, 2578, 2624, 2T64, 283".

arundineti, 149s.

'•antans, 2185.

littoralis, 218'.

maculatus, 142''.

•>. virens, 230s.
Tipulid larva, 8s.
Tipulidae, 13T.
Tipulids, 817.

Tomosvary, cited, 182", 3152.
torrens. Tersesthes, sec Tersesthes

torrens.

Tortrieids, 1781.

Townsend, cited, 101s, 102', ,°,15J.
Treat, cited, 3152.

iremulus, Cricotopns, 2522, 2521 53 .
triannulatus, Chironoruns, 2581.
trichomerns, Ohirouonius, 199", 248'.
Trichoptera, 82, 11, 125, 142.
trichopterus, Forcipomyia, 100", 1011.
tricinctns, Chironomus, 2537.
tricolor, Procladius, 126s, 130"-31\
tricolor, Tanypns, 1357.
Tricorythus, 497.
trifasciatus, Cricotopus. .srr Cricu-

topus trifasciatus.
tristis. Chironomus. 21.".-.
Tubipcx. 12.",".
turpis, Procladins, 12(1'.
turpis, Tanyidis irrddadiiisi. 127 .

1357.

tmtatrix. Ileinerolrius. *cc Ilcincru-
bius tutatrix.

Ulmer, cited, 692, 2951, 3153.
uinbrata, Sisyra, 154.
unicolor. Cliirononnis. 1!)97.
unicolor. Enrycnenms. 29.S7, 299'.
unicornii?, Ephemerella, 45-.
unimaculatus, Chasmatonotus. 1(ir>7,

1671, 1676.
univittatns. Ohasmatonotus, 1fifir'.

1674.
nrsinus, Metriocnemus, 3012, 304s 5 .

Van der Wulp, cited, 1404. 1704. 1S2T,
1S7-. 21 21. 210°. 2167, 218". 2273, 2327,
244-, 2446, 255-. 256", 2fil7. 262s. 2973,
29S5. 3002. 3044. 305°, 315s.

\'an Puzoe. E. I'., incntioucd, 30s.

Vaney. cited. ."ITi1.

varia. Ephemera. IS-.

variabilis. Chirononnis. 272".

variabilis. ITcxayciiia. 1S-.

variabilis. Ortlmcladius, 27o7.

varipenuis, Chironoums, 1907, 2011.

varipes. Cricotoims. xrc Cricotopus
varipes.

varius, Tauypus, 1244.

Vayssiere, cited. IS1. 20".

velutinus, Cainptncladius. 2GO-,
2637-64.

venust'a. Ablabesinyia, see Ablabes-
inyia venusta.

\ciuisrus. <'liii'(iiionnis, 241'.

N'erloren, cited. .",1.")4.

vernalis. (Miirotioinns, 243*.

vcinns, Chironomus, 291'.

Veri'all. cited. 117J. 3154.

Vesp.a diabolica. 13s.

vibralnrius. (Miiroiinnuis. 2.18'.

v'.ininal:s. Oxyethira. .vrr Oxyethira
viminalis.

\Mnen. cited. 315'.

violacea. Aryia. 14''.

'; virens. Tipula, 230s.

virescens. ('liii'oiiDiiius. 1iMi'.

virs'o, Polymitarcys. 29-. (1111.

viridicollis. Chironomus. see Chiron-
omus viridicollis.

viridipes, Chironomns. 211'.

viridis, Chironomus. 19.V. 227'. 2307.

vitiosus. Ceratopofjon, KM .

Ynn Grimm, cited. 312'.

von Waldheim, Fisher, cited. 31."i4.

vulneratus. Chironomus, 2Md:1.

Wagner, cited. :!1 .">•"•.

Avaldheimii. Chironomus. 241-.

Walker, cited. 1O91. 11<i'. 23211. 245s,
245", 246s. 2-4 ir, 247;j/2-174. 2476, 247s,
24S1, 2484, 248", 248*, 2C,77, 299'"', 31 5\

walkeri. Ephemerella. I",'1.

Walsh, cited, IS1. 317.

waltlii. Piamesa. *ec Daamesa.
waltlii.

Wassmann. cited. .",1 .">"•.

Water skaters. 14".

352

NEW YORK STATE MTSEI'M

Weitb, R. J., acknowledgments to,

10"; mentioned, 307, 43r', 47'1.
AYeltner, cited, 3155.
AA'estcott, O. S., specimens obtained

by. 10'.

AAVstwood, cited, 315s.
Wcyenbergh, cited, 1119, 190s, 2121,

2167, 2434, 315s.
AYliite-s'loved howdy, :Us-:!(r.
Wiedemann, cited. 242*. 31 57.
AVillemoes-Snhm, cited. 315T.
NVilliston, cited, 77=, 82=, 152s, 2334,

L'.'I.V, 235C, 2.°,fr. 258s, 258". 31 .V.
willistoni, Chirononius, 19GT. 235'.

Winnertx, cited. 1127. 315\
Wnlp, see Van der Wnlp.
Wulpiella. 87% 907, 1647-65;.

scirpi. 104s; explanation of plate.
32S5.

Xylocrypta, 931, 104".

Young, D. B.. mentioned. :!<IB, 3G7.

Zeller, cited. 315s.

Zetterstedt, cited. 77s. 215s, 2442,

2737, 281*. 283". :\(W. .'U5".
zonulus. Chirononius, 21 13.

Neiv York State Education Department
New York State Museum

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DIVISION i ZOOLOGY. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The
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Hand-colored plates : pts-6 bound together.

DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com-
prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith-
erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and med-
ical properties. 2V. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.

v. i Flora of the State of New York. 12+484?. 72.pl. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

v. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572?. 89?!. 1843.

300 copies with hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com-
prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State
of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture, il. pi.
sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print.

v. i pti Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24+536p.
1842.
8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W. ; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard-
ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany
1842-43. Out of print.

v. i ptr Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37+^53?- 4^pl. 1843-

v. 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10+4379.
1842.

v- 3 Pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 3o6p. 1842.

v. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+683?. i£>pl-
1843.

DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York;
comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution
of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological
formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri-
cultural productions of the State. Sv. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out
of print.

v. i Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11+371?. 2ipl.
1846.

v. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46?. 42?!. 1849.
With hand-colored plates.

v. 3 Fruits, etc. 8+340?. 1851.

v. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 95?!. 1851.
Hand-colored.

v. S Insects- Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272?. 50?!. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York. Sv.

il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth.
v. i Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System.

23+3138?. 99pl. 1847. Out of print.
v. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System.

8+362?. 104?!. 1852. Out of print.
v. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany

Sandstone, pti, text. 12+532?. 1859. J.$3-5o1

pt2, 143?!. 1861. [$2.50]

v. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and
Chemung Groups. 11+1+428?. 09?!. 1867. $2.50.

v. 5 pti Lamellibranchiata I. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg,
Hamilton and Chemung Groups. 18+268?. 45?!. 1884. $2.50.

— • Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham-
ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293?. 51?!. 1885. $2.50.

pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder-
berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. i, text.
15+492?. v. 2, I20pl. $2.50 for 2 v.

NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamil-

ton Groups. 24+2o8p. 67?!. 1887. $2.50.
v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg,

Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64+236p. 46?!. 1888.

Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida.

42p. iSpl. 1888. $2.50.
v. 8 pti Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachi-

opoda. i6+367p. 44pl. 1892.' $2.50.
- pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. i6+394p. &4pl. 1894. $2.50.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and
of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242p. O.

Handbooks i893-date. 7^/2x12^2 cm.

In quantities, i cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below.
H5 New York State Museum. 52p. il. 40.

Outlines history and work of the museum with list of staff 1902.
HIS Paleontology. I2p. 2c.

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads : Definition ; Relation to
biology ; Relation to stratigraphy ; History of paleontology in New York.

HIS Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York.
8c.

Itineraries of 32 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially
for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the
classic rocks of the State.

H16 Entomology. i6p. 2c.

H17 Economic Geology. 44p. 40.

HIS Insecticides and Fungicides. 2Op. 30.

H19 Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32p. 30.

Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New

York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th Museum Report,

v. i. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to i inch. i$c.

- Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to I inch. In atlas
form $3; mounted on rollers $5. Loiver Hudson sheets 6oc.

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put-
nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of Sulli-
van, Ulster and Suffolk counties ; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut.

- Map of New York showing the Surface Configuration and Water
Sheds. 1901. Scale 12 miles to i inch. 150.

Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base;

scale i in. = I m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub-

lished separately.

*Albany county. Mus. rep't 49, v. 2. 1898. 500.
Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898.
Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties].

Mus. rep't 51, v. i. 1899.

Rockland county. State geol. rep't 18. 1899.
Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900.

*Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. 1001. loc.
*Niagara River. Mus. bul. 45. 1901. 250.
Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep't 19. 1901.
Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48.

1901.

Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902.
Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep't 21. 1903.
Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903.
*Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. loc.
Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale i in. = ]/? m.) Mus. bul.

69. 1903. 2oc.

*Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus. bul. 63. 1904. 20c.
*Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. 150.
*Watkins-Elmira quadrangle. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 20c.
*Tully quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. loc.
*Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. xoc.

•"•':

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Full text of "May flies and midges of New York. Third report on aquatic insects. A study conducted at the entomologic field station, Ithaca, N.Y."

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