Medals by Giovanni Cavino, the "Paduan"

VRENCE

For review and bibliographical note see
Numismatic Circular Vol. LXXIII. No.11.pg.252
November

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

r

MEDALS

BY

GIOVANNI CAVING,

THE 'PADUAN.'

BY

RICHARD HOE LAWRENCE.

NEW YORK :
PRIVATELY PRINTED.

1883.

Stack
Annex

5015342

PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.

ARMAND, Alfred. — Les medailleurs italiens des quinzieme et
seizieme siecles. Deuxieme edition. Paris, 1883. 2 vols. 8°.

BOLZENTHAL, Heinrich. — Skizzen zur Kunstgeschichte der moder-
nen Medaillen-arbeit (1429-1840). Berlin, 1840. 30 pis. 12°.

CICOGNARA, Leopoldo. — Storia della scultura dal risorgimento
delle belle arti in Italia fino al secolo di Napoleone. Venezia, 1813-
18. 131 pis. 3 vols. f°.

COHEN, Henry. — Description historique des monnaies frappees
sous 1'empire remain, communement appelees medailles imperiales.
Paris, 1859-68. 120 pis. 7 vols. 8°.

Deuxieme edition. Paris 1880-82. Vols. I. & II. 8°.

Du MOLINET, Claude. — Cabinet de la Bibliotheque de Sainte-
Genevieve. Paris, 1692. ills. f°.

GAETANI, Pier-Antonio. — Museum Mazzuchellianum, seu numis-
mata virorum doctrina prsestantium quse apud Jo. Mariam Comitem
Mazzuchellum Brixiae servantur a Petro Antonio de Comitibus
Gaetanis. . .edita, atque illustrata. Accedit versio Italica studio
Equitis Casimi Mei elaborata. Venetiis, 1761-63. 208 pis. 2 vols. f°.

KEARY, C. T. — A guide to the Italian medals exhibited in the
King's Library [British Museum]. London, 1881. 7 pis. 8°.

LITTA, Pompeo. — Famiglie celebri Italiane. Milano, 1819-1852.
ills. 8 vols. f°.

MONTIGNY, C. de. — Des faussaires. Jean Cavino et Alex. Bassiano,
Padouans. In Le Cabinet de 1'Amateur et de 1'Antiquaire. Paris,
1842-46. I., pp. 385-414 ; IV., pp. 9-30. ills.

GIOVANNI CAVINO.

Giovanni Cavino, an Italian medallist, contemporary with Ben-
venuto Cellini, was born at Padua in 1499 or 1500. We know
almost nothing of his life. It is probable that his medals were all
executed in Padua, where he resided until his death in 1570. He
was buried in the church of S. Giovanni di Verdara, and for a long
time the stone bound by an iron ring, which he used in coining,
was preserved in that church. He left a son, Vincenzo, who seems
to have aided him during the last years of his life, and who prob-
ably continued to use his dies after his death.

Cavino's medals are very numerous. Many of them bear portraits
of distinguished jurists of Padua and of professors at the Uni-
versity. But his best known and most numerous works are his imi-
tations of Roman large-brass coins and medallions which are known
as "Paduans."

1 The imitation of Roman art seems from an early period to have
been traditional at Padua, which contained one of the greatest
universities of Europe. The earliest Italian medals were struck in
that city and are quite classical in style. In the case of Cavino,
this close adherence to the style of his Roman models is very
marked and it prevented him from equalling the best medallists of
his period as an artist in portrait medals. At the same time it en-
abled him to produce very perfect copies of Roman coins. In this
last work he was assisted by his friend, Alessandro Bassiano, a
scholar and antiquarian of Padua, of whom little is known, except
that he left in manuscript the' lives of the twelve Caesars. We learn
of their association from a medal struck about 1540 to commem-
orate the event (No. 79).

One hundred and twenty-two of Cavino's dies have been pre-
served and are at present in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris.
They were brought from Italy in the seventeenth century by Th.
Lecomte, who obtained them from the Lazzara family of Padua,
and who bequeathed them to the Abbey of Sainte Genevieve in
1670. They are described and illustrated by Claude du Molinet
in his work, entitled : Le Cabirlet de la Bibliotheque de Sainte
Genevieve. Paris, 1692, f°

Cavino's imitative medals were not originally designed as forgeries,
and it was against his wishes that they were passed off as genuine
antiques. But as such many of them found their way into the most
celebrated collections of Europe and were the subjects of numerous
dissertations. Even during the present century several of them were

6 GIOVANNI CAVING.

regarded as antique by such numismatists as Mionnet and Bar-
th^lemy.

The greater number of the coins usually termed " Paduans "
are cast from moulds and are of little value and easily detected ;
but the pieces struck from Cavino's dies possess much artistic merit
and are often not readily distinguishable from ancient coins. There
are, however, several general points of difference which become ap-
parent after careful comparison with the genuine coins. The
" Paduan " is usually too round and regular, and the flan is too
thin ; the dots of the border or engrailment are large and in irreg-
ular relief ; the letters are flat and square, especially N ; M is
broad at the base and narrow at the top ; H and D are square and
heavy, and A and V are too narrow and sharp. The coins struck by
Cavino himself (the dies were used after his death) are usually
composed of red and yellow copper, poorly alloyed.

Several of Cavino's medals are found in silver ; but most of the
examples in this metal have been melted down in later times,
consequently but few of them have been preserved.

All of Cavino's medals are rare, imitative pieces as well as portrait
medals, and all are worthy of preservation as the work of an Italian
medallist of the sixteenth century.

IMITATIVE MEDALS.

No. 7.

IMITATIVE MEDALS.

JULIUS CESAR.

1. C • CAESAR - DICTATOR. Bust of Julius Caesar 1., laureate ;

above, in front, star ; behind, lituus.

Rev. VENI VIDI VICI in three lines within palm and laurel
wreath.

Large-brass. This reverse is not found on ancient coins. Cohen, VI.,
p. 556. Keary, 117.

2. C • CAESAR • DICT • PERPETVO. Similar type r.

Rev. L BVCA. Caduceus and fasces crossed, globe, axe,

and two hands clasped.

Large-brass. The reverse of this coin is imitated from a denarius struck
by L. Aemilius Buca. Montigny, i .

JULIUS CAESAR and AUGUSTUS.

3. Similar obverse.

Rev. DIVVS • AVGVSTVS • PATER. Bust of Augustus 1.,
laureate.
Large-brass. There are no genuine coins with these types. Montigny, 2.

AUGUSTUS.

4. DIVVS • AVGVSTVS • PATER. Bust of Augustus 1., laureate.

Rev. OB • GIVES -£ER inscribed on a shield within an
oak-wreath supported by two capricorns ; beneath, globe
and rudder ; S • C. *%•

Large-brass There are no genuine coins of Augustus with this Reverse.
Montigny, 3. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 104, No. 302. Keary, 118.

In addition to Cavino's pieces 'there are modern dies of three medallions
of Augustus :

i.— DIVVS • AVGVSTVS P P, Head of Augustus 1., laureate.
Rev. Temple with six columns, adorned with numerous statues, and
statue within ; in the tympanum of the pediment, S • P • Q • Rt Modern
invention. Cohen, I., p. 69, No. 259. and pi. III. ; VII., p. 6, No. 259.

2.— Similar obverse. Rev. CIVIB • ET SIGN MILIT • A •
PART • RECVP. Triumphal arch. Imitated from a denarius. Cohen,
VI., p. 559, note. Cf. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 75, No. 82.

8 IMITATIVE MEDALS.

3.— Obverse similar to No. 4. Rev. PROVIDENT. Altar. Imi-
tated from a middle-brass, struck under Tiberius. Cohen, I., p. 71, No.
272 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 94, No. 228.

TIBERIUS.

5. Tl • CAESAR • AVGVSTI • F • IMPERATOR -V. Bust of Ti-

berius 1.

Rev. ROME • T • AVG. The altar of Lyons.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin, punctuated in a similar way
on the reverse. Montigny, 4. Cohen, I., p. 123, No. 39 : VII., p. 19,
No. 9; 2d Ed-, I., p. 192, Nos. 28 and 29. Keary, 119. Friedlaender,
Ein Verzeichniss von Griechischen falschen Munzen. . .Berlin, 1883. p. 9.
There is another fine modern large-brass coin of Tiberius, the obverse of
which is imitated from a middle-brass, the reverse from a large-brass
having for obverse the letters 5 . C surrounded by an inscription : yj .
CAESAR DIVI AVC F AVCVST IMP VIM. Head of
Tiberius 1. Rev. CIVITITABVS ASIAE RESTITVTIS -S C-
Tiberius seated 1. holding sceptre and patera. Cf. Cohen, I., Nos. 23 and
51 ; 2d Ed. I., p. 189, Nos. 2 and 3.

ANTONIA.

6. ANTONIA • AVGVSTA. Bust of Antonia r., draped.

Rev. Tl • CLAVDIVS • CAESAR • AVG • P • M • TR • P •
IMP. — S- C. Veiled figure standing 1., holding simpuvium.
Middle-brass. Imitation of a coin struck under Claudius. The veiled
figure on the reverse of the genuine coin represents Antonia in the character
of a vestal virgin, while on the " Paduan " the figure is bearded and re-
sembles Claudius. With this exception it is one of the most perfect of
Cavino's imitative coins. Montigny, in Le Cabinet de 1'Amateur, IV., p
9. Cohen, I., p. 136, No. 6 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 223, No. 6.

AGRIPPINA senior.

7. AGRIPPINA • M • F • MAT • C • CAESARIS • AVGVSTI. Bust of

Agrippina r., draped.

Rev. S • P • Q • R • MEMORIAE • AGRIPPINAE. Carpentum

1., drawn by two mules.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 6, and illus. on
p. 400. Cohen, I., p. 142, No. i ; 2dFd., I., p. 231, No. i.

8. AGRIPPINA • M • F • GERMANICI • CAESARIS. Similar bust.

Rev. Same.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Keary, 120. Cf. Cohen, 2d
Ed., I., p. 231, No. 2. These large-brass coins of Agrippina are the most
beautiful of all Cavino's imitative coins.

CALIGULA.

9. C • CAESAR • DIVI • AVG • PRON • AVG • P • M • TR • P • Illl •

P • P . Bust of Caligula 1., laureate.

Rev. AGRIPPINA DRVSILLA IVLIA.— S • C. The three
sisters of Caligula standing facing, as Securitas, leaning on
column, Concordia, holding patera, and Fortuna, holding
rudder ; each holds cornucopia.

IMITATIVE MKDAI.S. g

Large-brass. This obverse and reverse are not found together on genuine
coins. Montigny, II. Cohen, I., p. 148, No. 13; 2(1 Ed., 1., p. 237,
No. 4.

10. C • CAESAR • AVG • GERMANICVS • P • M • TR • POT. Head

of Caligula 1.

A't'i1. Similar type, without S • C.

Denarius. There are no genuine silver or gold coins with this reverse.
Montigny, 12. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 237, No. 4.

1 1. C • CAESAR • DIVI • AVG • PRON • AVG • P • M • TR • P • III •

P ' P. — PIETAS. Pietas seated 1., holding patera; 1. arm

resting on female statue.

Rev. DIVO • AVG. — S • C. Caligula standing 1., sacrificing
at an altar, attended by two persons, one leading a bull,
the other holding patera ; behind, temple of six columns,
ornamented with garlands and statues.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. The " Paduan " is sometimes

found countermarked with the letters N • C • A • P • R. Montigny, 10.

Cohen, I., p. 149, No. 19; 2d. Ed., p. 238, No. 10.

12. C • CAESAR • DIVI • AVG • PRON • AVG • P • M • TR • P • III •

P • P. Head of Caligula 1., laureate.
Rcr. Same.

Large-brass. This obverse and reverse are not found together on ancient
coins. Montigny, 7. Cohen, I., p. 149, note I ; 2d Ed., I., p. 238,
note I .

13. Similar obverse.

Rev. ADLOCVT • COM.— S • C. The emperor standing 1.,
addressing five soldiers, who carry standards surmounted by
eagles.

Large-brass. All the genuine coins of Caligula with this reverse are with-
out the letters S • C. Montigny, 8. Cohen, I., p. 147, No. 10 ; 2d Ed.,
I., p- 236, No. i.

Cavino designed four varieties of the Adlocutio type, which he used indis-
criminately for the different emperors.

i. °— ADLOCVT • COM S C. Emperor standing 1., addressing
five soldiers who carry standards surmounted by eagles.

2.° — ADLOCVT • S • C. Emperor standing r., upon a platform, ad
dressing soldiers armed with spears ; behind the emperor stands a male
figure.

3.°— ADLOCVT • S • Ci Emperor standing 1., upon a platform, ad-
dressing soldiers who carry standards.

4.° — ADLOCVTId Emperor, accompanied by two persons, standing
upon a platform, addressing soldiers ; behind, horse.

CLAUDIUS.

,4. Tl -CLAVDIVS -CAESAR • AVG • P • M - TR • P • IMP- P • P.
Head of Claudius r., laureate.

Rev. NERO • CLAVDIVS • DRVSVS • GERMAN • IMP.— S •
C. Triumphal arch surmounted by the equestrian statue of
Prusus r., between two trophies.

10 IMITATIVE MEDALS.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 5. Cf. Cohen, I.,
p. 164; No. 80; 2d Ed., I., p. 254, No. 48.

15. Similar obverse.

Rev. SPES • AVGVSTA.— S • C. Spes standing 1., extending
her hand toward the emperor who stands between two sol-
diers.

Large-brass. This reverse belongs to Vespasian, No. 34. Montigny, 13.

Cohen, 2d Ed., II., p. 223, No. 1408.

NERO.

16. NERO • CLAVD • CAESAR • AVG • GER • P • M • TR • P • IMP •

P • P. Bust of Nero r., laureate.

Rev. ANNONA • AVGVSTI -CERES— S • C. Ceres seated
1., holding torch and ears of corn ; before her stands Annona
holding cornucopia, resting r. hand on her hip ; between
them, an altar with modius upon it ; in the background, a
prow r.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 14. Cohen, I., p.
186, No. 79; zd Ed., I., p. 279. No. 14.

Cavino engraved two dies with the head of Nero, both having the same in-
scription, but on one the head is bearded, while the other is without beard.

17. Similar obverse.

Rev. DECURSIO. — S • C. Nero on horseback riding r.
holding spear, and followed by a horseman bearing standard

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 15. Cohen, L,p.
191, No. 122; 2d Ed., I., p. 285, No. 83. Keary, 121.
In addition to the ' Paduan ' there is another modern die with the Decursio
type, of the size of the denarius, which has been used for gold, silver and
bronze. Obv. NERO CAESAR AVG • C IMP. Head of Nero r.,
laureate. Rev. DECVR. The emperor on horseback riding r. , with
couched spear, followed by a foot-soldier ; before him, a fallen soldier with
spear and shield. Cf. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 285, Note I. *

1 8. Similar obverse.

Rev. AVGVSTI.— S • POR • OST • C. The Port of Ostia,
within, seven ships ; above, lighthouse, surmounted by a
statue ; below, the river Tiber reclining, holding oar and
dolphin.

Large-brass. The genuine coin with similar obverse has eight ships on the
reverse. Montigny, 16. Cohen, I., p. 187, No. 95 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 281,
No. 38.

19. Similar obverse.

Rev. ADLOCVT • COH.— S • C Emperor standing 1. ad-
dressing five soldiers who carry standards surmounted by
eagles.

Large-brass. This variety of the Adlocutio is not found on the genuine
coins of Nero. Montigny, 17. Cf, npte to No. 13.

IMITATIVE MEDALS. II

GALBA.

20. IMP - SER • SVLP • GALBA • CAES • AVG • TR • POT. Bust of

Galba r., 1'aureate.

Rev. HONOS • ET • VIRTVS.— S • C. Honos and Virtus

standing, face to face ; Honos holds sceptre and cornucopia ;

Virtus in armor, holds spear and sword, and foot on helmet.

Large-brass. Genuine coins with this reverse have a different inscription on

the obverse. Montigny, 18. Cohen, I., p. 232, No. 133 ; 2d Ed., I., p.

325, No. 92.

21. Similar obverse.

Rev. ADLOCVT -COM.— S • C. Emperor addressing his

soldiers.

Large-brass. The genuine coins of Galba with the Adlocutio reverse all
bear the inscription ADLOCVTIO • S • C. Montigny, 19-21. Cohen,
I., p. 229, No. 104 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 320, No. 6. Cf. note to No. 13.

OTHO.

22. IMP • M • OTHO -CAESAR • AVG • TR • P • Head of Otho r.

Rev. SECVRITAS • P • R • Securitas standing 1., holding

wreath.

Denarius. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 22. Cohen, I. 253,
No. 13 ; 2cl Ed., I., p. 353, No. 16.

2v IMP • OTHO • CAESAR • AVG • TR • POT • Head of Otho r.

Rev. SECVRITAS • P • R • - S • C • The emperor standing
r., before an altar, extending his hand toward four soldiers
who carry standards.

Large-brass. Types invented by Cavino. No copper coins of Otho were
struck at Rome. Montigny, 23. Cohen, I., p. 254, Note I. 2d Ed., I.
p. 354, Note i.

24. IMP -OTHO • CAES • AVG • P • M -COS • II • Head of Otho r.

Rev. SECVRITAS • P • R • Securitas standing 1., holding

wreath.

Large-brass. Imitated from a denarius, No. 22. Montigny, 24. Cohen,
2d Ed., I., p. 354, Note i.

25. IMP • OTHO -CAESAR • AVG • TR • P • Head of Otho r.

Rev. S • C • Figure standing in a temple.

Middle-brass. Montigny, 25. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 354, Note i. See
note to No. 23.

VlTELLIUS.

26. A -VITELLIVS • GERMANICVS • IMP • TR • P. Head of

Vitellius r.

Rev. MAT • AVG • MAT • SEN • MAT • PATR. Female (Julia
Domna) seated 1., holding olive branch and sceptre.

1 2 1M1TATIVK MKDA1.-.

Denarius. The reverse-type and inscription belong to Julia Domna, but it
does not appear that Cavino engraved an obverse-die for this empress.
Montigny, 26.

27. A • VITELLIVS • GERMANICVS • IMP • AVG • P • M • TR • P .

liust of Vitellius r., laureate.

Rev. HONOS • ET • VIRTVS.— S • C • Honos and Virtus
standing face to face, one with foot on dolphin, the other on
tortoise.

Large-brass. The dolphin and tortoise are not found on the genuine coins
of this type. Montigny, 27. Cohen, I., p. 262, No. 69; 2d Ed., I., p.
359, No. 38.

28. A • VITELLIVS -GERMAN • IMP • AVG • P • M • TR • Bust of
Vitellius r., laureate.

Rev. S • C • Mars helmeted, walking r., carrying trophy over
his shoulder, and spear.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin with similar inscription on obverse.
Monligny. 28. Cohen. I., p. 265, No. 86 ; 2d Ed. I., p. 362, No. 78.
In addition to the ' Paduans' there are modern dies of two other coins of
Vitellius:

i. A VITELLIVS GERM IMP • AVC P M TR P. Head
of Vitellius r. , laureate.

Rev. PAX • AVCVSTI • — S • C • The emperor standing ]., giving
his hand to a soldier. Middle-brass. Cohen. 2d Ed. I., p. 361, No. 68.
The obverse inscription on the genuine coin is GERMAN • IMPi etc.

2._A VITELLIVS CERMA IMP AVC- P M • TR P.
Bust of Vitellius, r., draped and laureate. Rev. SECVRITAS P
ROMAN! — S C. Securitas seated 1. , near an altar by the side of which
is a torch. Large— brass. This coin is imitated from a middle-brass coin
having a different obverse-inscription, and a cornucopia instead of a torch
near the altar on the obverse. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 362, No. 83.

VESPASIAN.

29. IMP • CAES • VESP • AVG • P - M -COS • Illl. Head of

Vespasian r., laureate.

Rev. IMP • The emperor in a quadriga r., holding sceptre
and branch.

Denirius. The genuine coins of this type have no inscription on the
reverse. Montigny, 30. Cohen, L, p. 296, No. 234; 2d Ed., I., p. 382,
Note I, and p. 418. No. 643.

30. IMP • CAESAR • VESPASIANVS • AVG • P • M • T • P • P • P •

C • V. Bust of Vespasian r., laureate.

Rev. IVDAEA • CAPTA. — S • C. Judcea, mourning, seated r.,
beneath palm-tree ; behind stands male captive.

Large-brass. The inscription of the obverse is not found on genuine coins.
Montigny, 31. Cohen, I., p. 306, No. 307; 2d Ed.. L. p. 385, No. 239.

IMITATIVE MEDALS. 13

31. IMP • CAES • VESPASIAN • AVG • P • M • TR • P • P • P • COS •

III. Bust of Vespasian r., laureate.

Rev. HONOS • ET • VIRTVS.— S • C. Honos and Virtus,
standing face to face.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 33. Cf. Cohen,
I., p. 304, No. 297 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 382, No. 202.

32. Similar obverse.

Rev. ROMA • RESVRGES.— S . C. The emperor standing
1. raising Roma, at whose side stands Virtus.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 29. Keary, 122.
Cohen, I., p. 317, No. 392; 2d Ed., I., p. 400, No. 425.

33. Similar obverse.

Rev. S • C. Mars, naked, walking r., carrying trophy and
spear.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 32. Cf. Cohen, I.,
p. 320, No. 413 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 401, No. 441.

34. Similar obverse.

Rev. SPES • AVGVSTA— S • C. Spes standing 1., extending
her hand to the emperor, who is accompanied by two soldiers.

Large-brass. On the genuine coin Spes holds a flower in her hand and one
of the soldiers carries a standard. Montigny, 34. Cohen, I., p. 326, No.
461 ; 2d Ed., L, p. 408, No. 514 ; II., p, 223, No. 1408.

TlTUS.

35. DIVO • AVG • T • DIVI • VESP • F • VESPASIAN.— S • C. Titus

seated 1., holding laurel branch ; around him, arms, etc.

Rev. View of the Flavian Amphitheatre or Colosseum from
above.; to 1., the Meta Sudans.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 35. Cohen, I., p.
359, No. 163 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 461, No. 399.

36. IMP • T • CAES • VESP • AVG • P • M • TR • P • P • P • COS •

VIII. Bust of Titus 1., laureate.

Rev. Similar to obverse of No. 35.

Large-brass. This obverse and reverse are not found together on genuine
coins. Keary, 123.

37. Similar obverse.

Rev, IVDAEA • CAPTA. — S • C, Judrea, mourning, seated
r. beneath palm-tree ; behind, male captive standing r.,
around him, arms.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 36. Keary, 124.
Cf, Cohen, I., p. 363, No. 187 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 439, No. 114.

14 IMITATION MEDALS.

38. IMP • T • CAES • VESP • AVG • P • M • TR • P • P • P • COS •

VIII. Bust of Titus r., laureate.

Rev. Similar.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 37. Cohen, 2d Ed.,
I-, P- 439, No: 114.

39. Similar obverse.

Rer. S • C. Mars, helmeted, walking r., carrying trophy
over his shoulder, and spear.

Large-brass. Genuine coins with this reverse have a different inscription
on the obverse. Montigny, 38. Cf. Cohen, I., p. 373, Nos. 259-262 ; 2d
Ed., I., p. 446, Nos. 198-203.

There are modern dies of another large-brass of Titus, with the following
reverse : ITALIA. Italia seated on a globe, wearing turreted crown.
Cohen, VII., p. 78, nota ; 2d Ed., I., p. 461, note I.

DOMITIAN.

40. IMP • CAES • DOMIT • AVG • GERM • COS • XVII • CENS •

PER • P . P. Bust of Domitian r., laureate, in paludamentum.
Rev. PONT - MAX • TR • P -VIII • LVD • SAEC.— S • C. The
emperor seated 1., upon a suggestum, receiving offerings
from a woman and child ; before him a basket ; on the side
of the platform, SVF P • D • ; behind, temple.

Large-brass. The genuine coin of this type bears on the reverse the in-
scription COS • XI III • LVD • SAEC.— S • C. Montigny, 39. Cohen,
VII., p. 80, No. 305 ; 2d Ed., I., p. 477, No. Si, and p. 502, note i.
There are three other modern dies of this type which differ from Cavino's
in several respects :

i°. IMP CAES DOMIT AVC GERM COS Xllll PERP
P • P. Head r., laureate. Rev. Similar, but with TR • P • VII.

2°. IMP CAES DOMIT AVC GERM COS XII CENS
PER P P. Head r., laureate. Rev. Similar, but with TR P
VIII ; and SPQQO on the front of the platform.

3°. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS Xllll CENS

PER • P • P. Head r., laureate. Rev. Same as preceding reverse.
Cohen, VII., p. 80, No. 305.

41. Similar obverse.

Rev. SPES • AVGVSTA.— S • C. Spes standing 1., extending
her hand toward the emperor who is standing between two
soldiers.

Large-brass. This reverse belongs to Vespasian, No. 34. Cohen, 2d Ed.,
II., p. 223, No. 1408.

DOMITIA.

42. DOMITIA • AVGVSTA - IMP • DOMIT. Head of Domitia r.

Denarius. The reverse die for this obverse is not known. It may have
been used with reverse of No . 26, which has no corresponding obverse.
Montigny, 40. Cf. Cohen, 2d Ed., I., p. 535, No. I.

IMITATION MEDALS. 15

NERVA.

43. IMP • NERVA • CAES • AVG • P • M • TR • P • COS • II • P • P.

Head of Nerva r., laureate.

Rev, ADLOCVT • AVG.— S • C. The emperor standing 1., on
a platform addressing four soldiers.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 42. Cf. Cohen, I.,
p. 473, No. 66 ; 2d Ed., II, p. i, No. I.

44. Similar obverse.

Rev. CONGIAR • P • R.— S • C. The emperor holding
scroll seated r., on curule chair placed on a suggestum,
presiding at a congiarium ; before him, a praefect distribut-
ing gifts to a citizen who is mounting the steps of the sug-
gestum ; behind, soldiers, and Liberalitas.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 41. Cf. Cohen, I.,
p. 475, No. 81 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 4, No. 37.

TRAJAN.

45. IMP • CAES ' NERVAE • TRAIANO • AVG • GER DAC • P • M •

TR • P • COS • V • P • P. Bust of Trajan r., laureate.

Rev. S • P -Q • R -OPTIMO • PRINCIPI.—S -C. River
god reclining 1., under an arch supported by two columns •
beneath, AQVA • TRAIANA.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 43. Cohen, II.,
p. 50, No. 307 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 20, No. 23.

46. IMP • CAES • NER • TRAIAN • OPTIM • AVG • GERM • DAC.

Bust of Trajan r., laureate, in paludamentum.

Rev. PARTHICO • P • M • TR • P • COS • VI • P • P • S • P •

Q • R Head of Sol r., radiate.

Denarius. The S on the reverse of the imitative coin is reversed. Mon-
tigny, 44. Cohen, II., p. 18, No. 99 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 38, No. 188.
There are also two other modern dies of large-brass coins of Tiajan, both
imitated from genuine coins :

i. -IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG • CER
DAC P M TR P COS VI P P Bust r., laureate. Rev.
S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI. BASILICA VLPIA
S • C. A grand edifice, adorned with statues. Large-brass. Cohen, II.,
p. 51, No. 319 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 22, No. 44.

2.— Similar obverse. Rev. PORTVM • TRAIANI. S • C. Walls
of an hexagonal port, vessels at anchor within. Large-brass. Cohen, II.,
p. 59, No. 366 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 49, No. 306.

HADRIAN.

47. HADRIANVS • AVGVSTVS. Bust of Hadrian r., in cuirass and

paludamentum.

Rev. FELICITATI • AVG.— COS • III • P • P • S • C. (lalley
sailing r., with two ranks of oars, bearing standards, and in
the bow, statue of Neptune, holding sceptre.

l6 IMITATIVE MEDALS.

Large-brass. On the genuine coins there are eight rowers in the first row
and six in the second, while the " Paduan " has ten, and eight ; and on
the genuine coins Neptune holds a trident in place of a sceptre. Montigny,
45. Cohen, II., p. 212, No. 876 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 167, No. 710. Keary,
125.

48. Similar obverse.

Rev. FID • EXERCIT. — S ' C. The emperor addressing three
soldiers.

Large-brass. This reverse-type is not found on the genuine coins of
Hadrian. Montigny, 46. Cohen, II., p. 213, note I ; 2d Ed., II., p.
167, note i.

49. HADRIANVS • AVG • COS -III • P • P. Bust of Hadrian r., in

paludamentum.

Rev. Bridge ; to 1., circular building.

Medallion. Type invented by Cavino. Cf. Montigny, 47. Cohen, II.,
p. 172, No. 576; 2d Ed., II., p. 234, No. 1508.

50. IMP • CAESAR • TRAIAN • HADRIANVS • AVG. Bust of Hadrian

r., in cuirass and paludamentum.

Rtv. COS • III ' NEP. Galley with rowers.

Denarius. The genuine coin with this reverse-type is without the inscrip-
tion NEP., and the obverse-inscription is different. Montigny, 48. Cohen,
II., p. 123, note i ; 2d Ed., II., 143, No. 445.

ANTINOUS.

51. OCTIAIOC • MAPKCAAUC • 0 • IEPEYC -TOY • ANTINOOY.

Bust of Antinous r., in paludamentum.

Rev. TOIC • AXAIOIC • ANEeHKE. Mercury with caduceus

holding back Pegasus.
Medallion. Montigny, 92. Keary, 126.

52. ANTINOOC • HPOC. Bust of Antinous r., crowned with ivy,

wearing cuirass and paludamentum.

Rev. MAGIS • VICI • SED • TIBI. Horseman r., piercing
with his spear another horseman whose horse has fallen ; in
the background r., triumphal arch.

Medallion. Cf. Armand, I., p. 182, No. 22. This rare medal was formerly
owned by M. His de la Salle, and was sold with his collection at London,
in 1880 (No. 207 of the catalogue of the sale). It was purchased by M. Al-
fred Armind, to whom I am indebted for its description. See No. 99.

53. L • AELIVS • CAESAR. Bust of ^Elius r., draped.

Rev. PANNONIAE • CVRTA • AEL— S • C. Two persons
facing each other, one seated, the other standing.
Large-brass. This type is not found on the genuine coins of /Elius. Mon-
tigny, 50. Cf, Rasche, Lexicon universae rei numariae veterum, III, 2d
pt., 485.

JMITATIVE MEDALS. 17

54. L • AELIVS ' CAESAR. Head of ^Elius r.

Rev. TR • POT • COS • II • S • C— CONCORD. Concordia

seated 1., holding cornucopia and patera.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 49. Cf. Cohen,
II., p. 270, No. 28 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 258, No. 7.

ANTONINUS Pius.

55. ANTONINVS • AVG • PIVS • P • P • TR • P • XVI. Head of An-

toninus r.

Rev. COS -III. The emperor standing r., receiving an
olive-branch from Roma, who is seated 1. upon a cuirass and
crowned by Victory standing behind.

Large-brass. The reverse-type belongs to a medallion of Lucius Verus,
No. 62. Montigny, 51.

In addition to the ' Paduan ' there are modern dies of three medallions of
Antoninus Pius, the types of which are not found on genuine medallions.

i.— ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS • Nil.

Head of Antoninus Pius r.

Rev. Bacchus and Ariadne seated r. ; a panther at the feet of Bacchus ;
facing them, Silenus holding wine cup ; to 1., a slave carrying plate ; to r.,
two Bacchantes, one playing on a flute, the other on a tambourine ; in the
centre, a term and a satyr. Cohen, II., p. 336, No. 425 ; VII., p. 137,
No. 425 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 397, note.

2. — Similar obverse (same die as the preceding obverse).
Rev. Hercules standing r., before a tree, holding club, bow and lion's
skin ; upon a rock before him is Telephus suckled by a hind. Cohen, II.,
P- 337, No. 430 ; VII., p. 137, No. 430 ; 2d Ed., II., p. 397, note.

3.— ANTONINVS • AVG PIVS P P TR P XI COS
Illl. Bust of Antoninus Pius r. , laureate, wearing aegis.
Rev. Theseus fighting the centaurs; to 1. , Eurytus carrying off Hip-
podameia ; and a dead centaur on the ground ; to r., one of the Lapithse
fighting; in the back-ground, temple with four columns. Cohen, II., p.
338, No. 436 ; VII., p. 137, No. 436; 2d Ed., II., p. 397, note.

MARCUS AURELIUS.

56. M • ANTONINVS • AVG • TR • P • XXIX. Bust of M. Aurelius r.,

laureate, in cuirass and paludamentum.

Rev. IMP • VII • COS- III. Victory seated r. on shield,
holding palm, and on her knees a shield inscribed VIC ' AVG.;
in front, trophy.

Medallion. Imitation of a genuine medallion. Montigny, 52. Cohen,
II., p. 503, No. 367. Cavino engraved two obverse dies for this medal,
which differ but slightly in workmanship.

57. AVRELIVS • CAESAR • AUG • Pll • F • COS • T. Bust of M. Au-

relius r., in cuirass and paludamentum.

Rev. TR • P • VII • IMP • Illl • COS • III • P • P. Jupiter
seated r., on the seven hills of Rome, receiving the emperor
who holds Victory and is crowned by Virtus.

Medallion. The reverse type belongs to a medallion of Lucius Verus, No.
60. Montigny, 53. Keary, 127. Cohen, II. , p. 507, note.

1 8 IMITATIVE MEDALS.

58. Similar obverse.

Rev. A seated figure (Argos), near a building, working at
the prow of a ship ; before him stands Minerva leaning on a
shield inscribed VIC ' AVG.

Medallion. On the genuine medallion the inscription of the obverse is
COS • II • and on the reverse the shield bears a griffin in place of VIC •
AVG. Cohen, II., p. 511. No. 400; VII., p. 164, No. 400.

FAUSTINA, junior.

59. FAVSTINA-AVG • ANTONINI • AVG • P.I • FIL Bust of Faustina

r., draped, hair bound with fillet.

Rev. S • C. The empress and five veiled women sacrificing
to r. and 1. of an altar before the temple of Vesta ; a statue is
seen in the cella.

Medallion. Imitation of a genuine medallion. Montigny, 54. Keary,

128. Cf. Cohen, II., p. 588, No. 101.

Lucius VERUS.

60. L • VERVS -AVG -ARM • PARTH • MAX • TR • P • VMM. Bust

of L. Verus r., laureate.

Rev. TR • P • VM • IMP • MM • COS • III • P • P. Jupiter
seated r. upon the seven hills of Rome receiving the emperor
who holds Victory and is crowned by Virtus.

Medallion. The genuine medallion is without P ' P • on the reverse.

Montigny, 55. Cohen, III., p. 16, No. 97.

61. L • VERVS • AVG • ARM • PARTH • MAX. Bust of L. Verus L,

laureate.

Rev. TR • P • VM • IMP - MM - COS • III. Same type.

Medallion Imitation of a genuine medallion. Montigny, 56. Cohen,
III., p. 16, No. 97. See No. 57.

62. L • VERVS • AVG • ARM • PARTH • MAX • TR • P • VMM. Bust of

L. Verus r., laureate, in cuirass and paludamentum.

Rtv. COS • 111. The emperor standing r., receiving an
olive branch from Roma who is seated 1. on a cuirass and
crowned by Victory, standing behind.

Medallion. Imitation of an ancient medallion. Montigny, 57. Cohen,
III., p. 14, No. 92.

63. Similar obverse.

Rev. Same as reverse of No. 58.

Medallion. This reverse-type belongs to Marcus Aurelius, No. 58. Mon-
tigny, 58.

COMMODUS.

64. M • COMMODVS • ANTONINVS • AVG • PIVS • BRIT. Bust of

Commodus r., laureate, in cuirass and paludamentum.

IMITATIVE MEDALS. 19

Rev. P • M • TR • P • X • IMP • VI • COS • III • P • P.—
SALVS. Salus seated 1., holding patera to serpent which is
twined round a tree ; before her, statue (of ^Esculapius ? )
upon a column.

Medallion. The reverse of this beautiful medallion is imitated from a
large-brass coin. Montigny, 59, and Le Cabinet de 1'Amateur, IV., p. 20,
ills- Keary, 129. Cohen, III., p. 118, note and p. 168, No. 735. This
reverse was also used with the obverse -die bearing the head of Cosimo
Scapti, No. 108.

In addition to the ' Paduan ' there is a modern die of another medallion of
Commodus, with Annius Verus ; Obv. COMMODVS • CAES •
VERVS • CAES- Youthful busts face to face of Commodus and Annius
Verus ; each wears paludamentum. Rev. TEMPORVM • FELICITAS.
The four seasons represented by four children with attributes. Cf- Cohen,
II., p. 608, No. i. This piece is an exact imitation of a genuine med-
allion, except that the hair on the head of Commodus is raised from the
forehead, as on the coins of Pompeius.

PERTINAX.

65. IMP • CAES • P • HELV • PERTINAX • AVG. Bust of Pertinax

r., laureate.

Rev. PROVIDENTIAE • DEORVM • COS • II.— S- C. Female
figure standing 1., extending her hand toward a globe.

Large-brass. On genuine coins the globe is always radiate. Montigny,

60. Cohen, III., p. 205, No. 44.

In addition to the ' Paduan ' there is a very deceptive modern middle-
brass coin of Pertinax, imitated from a genuine large-brass : Obv. IMP •
CAES P HELV PERTINAX AVC. Head of Pertinax r.,
laureate. Rev. LIB • AVC • TR P • COS • II.-S • C. Liberalitas
standing facing, head 1., holding tessera and cornucopia. A genuine
middle-brass has a similar reverse, but the obverse inscription is different,
and the head is radiate. Friedlsender, Ein Verzeichniss von Griechischen
falschen Mtlnzen . , . Berlin, 1883, p. 50. Cf. Cohen, III., p. 204, Nos.
35 and 36.

DlDIUS JULIANUS.

66. IMP • CAES • M • DID • SEVEH • IVLIAN • AVG. Bust of Didius

Julianus r., laureate.

Rev. P • M ' TR • P • COS. Fortuna standing 1.

Denarius. The inscription on the genuine coin is SEVER- Montigny,

61. Cohen, III., p. 208, No. 6.

67. IMP • CAESAR • M - DID • SEVERVS • IVLIAN • AVG • P • P.

Bust of Didius Julianus r., laureate, in cuirass and paluda-
mentum.

Rev. COS • II. — S • C. Quadriga 1., horses in high action ;

above Victory flying r., crowning the charioteer.
Medallion. The reverse is imitated from Syracusan decadrachms. Mon-
tigny, 62. Keary, 130. Cohen, III., p. 209, note.

ALBINUS.

68. CLOD • SEPT • ALBIN - CAES. Head of Albinus r.

Rev. ITALIA. — S • C. Italia seated, holding Victory.

20 IMITATIVE MEDALS.

Large-brass. This reverse is not found on the genuine coins of Albinus,
Montigny, 63.

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS.

69. L • SEPTIMIVS • SEVERVS • PERTINAX • AVG • IMP • VII. Bust

of Sept. Severus r., laureate.

Rev. DIVI • M • Pll • F • P • M • TR • P • Illl • COS • II • P • P.

Mars standing, leaning on a shield and spear ; behind him,

cuirass.

Medallion. Imitation of a genuine medallion. Montigny, 64. Cf. Cohen,
III., p. 290, No. 467.

CARACALLA.

70. M • AVRELIVS • ANTONINVS • PIVS • AVG • BRIT • P • M -TR •

P • XVI. Bust of Caracalla r., laureate, in cuirass and paluda-

mentum.

Rev. IMP • II • COS • III! • P • P.— S • C. The emperor in
triumphal car drawn by four horses walking r.

Medallion. The reverse is imitated from a large-brass of Titus. Montigny,

65. Cohen, III., p. 413, No. 382 ; VII., p. 221, No. 382.

GETA.

71. IMP • CAES • SEPT • GETA • PIVS • AVG • PONT • TR • POT •

COS -II • P • P. Bust of Geta r., laureate, in cuirass and

paludamentum.

Rev. ADLOCVTIO. The emperor accompanied by two per-
sons on a platform, addressing his soldiers ; behind, horse.

Large-brass. There are no genuine coins of Geta with the Adlocutio

reverse. Montigny, 66. Cohen, VII., p. 227, No. 472. Cf. note to

No. 13.

ELAGABALUS.

72. IMP • CAES • M • AYR • ANTONINVS • PIVS • AVG. Bust of

Elagabalus r., laureate.

Rev. SACERD • DEI • SOUS • ELAGAB.— S • C. The em-
peror standing L, sacrificing at an altar ; in the field 1.,
star.

Large-brass. Imitation of a genuine coin. Montigny, 69. Cohen, III. »
p. 542. No. 222.

The following dies by Cavino have no corresponding obverse and reverse :
MACRINUS. Rev. PONT MAX TR • P II COS • II -P P. The
emperor in a quadriga, crowned by Victory. Denarius. Montigny, 67.
Cohen, III., p. 493, No. 39.

DIADUMENIANUS. Obv. M • OPEL ANT DIADVMENIANVS •
CAES. Head r. Denarius. Montigny, 68.

In addition to Cavino's imitative coins there are modern dies of a large-
brass of Julia Paula, and of medallions of Severus Alexander and Mamsea.

JULIA PAULA. IVLIA • PAVLA • AVC. Bust of Julia Paula r.

Rev. CONCORDIA • AETERNA. S • C. Elagabalus standing r.^
giving his hand to Julia Paula ; between th.e.ni stands Concordia, facing.

IMITATIVE MEDALS. 21

Large-brass. Cohen, III., p. 549, No. 19. The A and V on this imita-
tive piece are much narrower and sharper than on the genuine coins.

SEVERUS ALEXANDER and JULIA MAM.KA. i. — IMP • SEV • ALEX-
AMD • AVG IVLIA MAMAEA AVG MATER AVC.
Busts of Severus Alexander and Julia Mamaea face to face ; Severus in
paludamentum and cuirass ; Mamaea draped and wearing stephane.
Rev. FELICITAS • TEMPORVM. Alexander seated 1. on curule
chair, holding globe and roll ; and crowned by Victory standing behind ;
before him stands Julia Mamaea (?) r. , holding sceptre, and behind, Felici-
tas (?), standing 1. Imitation of a genuine medallion. Cohen, IV., p. 70,
No. 6.

2. — Similar obverse.

Rev. PONTIF MAX TR P V COS II P P. The Baths
of Severus Alexander. Imitations of a genuine medallion. Cohen, IV., p.
71, No. 10.

HOMER.

73. OMHPOC. Bust of Homer r., draped.

Rev. Male figure wearing helmet and cuirass standing be-
tween Jupiter and Ceres seated ; before him, eagle and
Victory ; beneath, sea and land personified.

Contorniate. The inscription on the genuine contorniate is always
f/'MEPOC. Montigny, 94. Cohen, VI., p. 554, No. I. Mazzuchelli,
I., p. 7, pi. II., 4.

MITHRADATES VI. (the Great) Eupator (Dionysus) B. c.
121-63.

74. Head of Mithradates r., with flowing hair.

Rev. BA^IAE/l^ • MIGPAJATOY ; EYnATOPO^. Stag
feeding 1., in the field 1., star and crescent, and 2\<£ ; in the
field r., monogram (IAYP) and Q\2 ; all in wreath of ivy-
leaves and berries.

Tetradrachm. Copy of a genuine coin. Montigny, 93. Friedlsender,
Ein Verzeichniss von Griechischen falschen Miinzen . . . Berlin, 1883.
PP- 34-5-

ARTEMISIA.

75. APTEMI^IA^ • BA^IAI^^A. Head of Artemisia 1., veiled.

Rev. MAY^jflAEION. Mausoleum surmounted by quadriga,
and ornamented with statues.
Medallion. Types invented by Cavino. Montigny, 91.

76. Head of Hercules r., within ornamented circle.

Rev. Hercules standing 1., leaning on a long club, receiving
from Deianeira the garment steeped in the blood of Nessus ;
in the exergue, eagle and rB ; all within ornamented circle.
Medallion. Montigny, 90. Cicognara, II., pp. 426-30.

22

PORTRAIT MEDALS.

No. 80.

PORTRAIT MEDALS.

ACCOLTI (Benedetto), b. at Florence in 1497 ; archbishop of
Ravenna in 1525 ; cardinal in 1527 ; d. 1549.

77. BE • ACCOLTVS • CAR • RAVEN NAE. Bust of cardinal Accolti

r., wearing cardinal's cap.

Rev. OPTIMIS • ARTIBVS. A light house with two torches ;

beneath, Neptune r., reclining upon the waves, holding

trident.

Dia. 34 m. Armand, I. Montigny, 77. Mazzuchelli, L. , 7, Litta, I.,
Accolti.

ANTONINI (Floriano).

78. FLOR1ANVS • ANTONINVS • ANDRE/t • F (ilius). Bust of

Floriano Antonini r., draped.

Rev. AETERNITATI • SACRVM (in ex.). A group of per-
sons standing before an edifice of two stories.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 2. Montigny, 81. Mazzuchelli, LXIV., 5.

BASSIANO (Alessandro), and Giovanni CAVING.

79. ALEXAND ' BASSIANVS • ET • IOHAN • CAVINEVS • PATAVINI.

Jugate busts of Alessandro Bassiano and Giovanni Cavino r.,

in Roman dress.

Rev. GENIO • BENEVOLENTIAE • DVLCIS. Genius stand-
ing 1., holding dolphin on 1. arm, and pouring incense on an
altar.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 10. Keary, 116.

80. Similar obverse.

Rev. CERERI - LEG I FERAE. Ceres standing 1., holding
cornucopia and book of laws.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 9. Montigny, 70.

81. Similar obverse.

Rev. VI RT • • AET • -CONS. Eagle, with wings spread,

PORTRAIT MEDALS. 23

standing 1. upon an overturned vase, out of which grows a
plant.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 8. See also No. 87.

BATTAGLINI (Giovanni).

82. IOHANNES • BATTAGLINVS. Bust of Giovanni Battaglini 1.

Rev. EN • HAEC • VESTI • VETE. Male figure seated near
an edifice in ruins.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 3.

BENAVIDI (Giovanni Pietro Mantova), a celebrated physician
of Padua ; d. 1520.

83. 10 • PET • MAN • BONAVf • MEDICVS • PATER. Bust of

Gianpiero Benavidi 1., in loose robe.

Rev. AETERNITAS • MANT. Fapade of temple of eight
columns ; within, a statue.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 4. Montigny, 82. Mazzuchelli, XXXVI., 4.

BENAVIDI (Marco Mantova), son of the preceding, b. 1489 ; he
held the chair of jurisprudence at the university of Padua ;
knighted by Charles V., 1545 ; d. 1582.

84. MARCVS • MANT • BONAVIT • PATAVIN • IVR • CON. Bust of

Marco Mantova Benavidi 1., in loose robe.

Rev. Similar to obverse of No. 83.
Dia. 38 m. Armand, 5. Mazzuchelli, LXXXIV., 2.

85. Similar obverse.

Rev. AETERNITAS • MANT. Same as reverse of No. 83.

Dia. 38 m. Armand, 6. Montigny, 83. Keary, 114. Mazzuchelli,
LXXXIV, 5.

86. Similar obverse.

Rev. LVCAS • SALVIONVS • PAT • IVR • CON. Same as ob-
verse of No. 107.
Dia. 38 m. Armand, 32. Montigny, 95.

87. MARCVS • MANTVA • BONAVITVS • PATAVINVS • IVR • CON.

Bust of Marco Mantova Benavidi 1., in Roman dress.

Rev. ALEXAND - BASSIANVS • IT • IOHAN • CAVINEVS •

PATAVIN I. Same as obverse of No. 77.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 7. Mazzuchelli, LXXXIV., 4. Cicognara, II.,
p. 426.

CAVING, see BASSIANO.

CONTARINI (Marcantonio), a patrician of Venice, surnamed "il
Filosofo"; d. circ. 1550.

88. M • ANTONIVS • CONTARENVS. Bust of Marcantonio Con-

tarini 1., in Venetian tunic.

24 PORTRAIT MEDALS.

Rev. PAT AVI VM — M • D • XL. Female figure (Padua),

helmeted, seated 1. on arms, holding scales and cornucopia.

Dia. 40 m. Armand, n. Montigny, Si. Keary, 106. Mazzuchelli, XLV., 5.

CORNARO (Girolamo), rector of the University of Padua.

89. HIER • CORNELIVS. Bust of Girolamo Cornaro r., in loose

tunic.

Rev. PAVPERTATIS • PATAVIN/t • TVTOR.— M • D •
XXXX. Cornaro seated 1. in curule chair on platform, feed-
ing the poor; beneath chair, dog r.; on platform, DEO
OPT • FAV.

Dia. 36 m. Armand, 12. Montigny, 80. Keary, 115. Cicognara, II.,
426-30.

DECIANO (Tiberio), a lawyer, b. in Auronzo, 1508 ; became a
magistrate of Udine, and in this capacity defended the priv-
ileges of that town ; d., 1581. He left several treatises and
commentaries on civil and canon law.

90. TIBERIVS • DECIANVS • IVR • CON • VTINENSIS • AN • XL

Bust of Tiberio Deciano r., in Roman dress.

Rev. HONESTE VIVAS • ALTERV • NON • UtDAS • IVS •
SVV • CVIQ • TRIBVAS.— IVRISPRVDENCI/E. Deciano
kneeling r. offering table of law to Jurisprudence seated 1.,
beside her stand Justice and Peace, holding laurel-wreath
above her head.

Dia. 38 m. Armand, 13. Montigny, 86. Keary, 100. Mazzuchelli,

LXXXIV., i.

DULCI (Giovanni An. Vin.), a jurist of Padua, b., 1482.

9r. 10 • AN • VI N • DVLCIVS • IVR • CON • CAN • PAT AVI N • AETA •
LVII.— 1539. Bust of Dulci 1.

Rev. GEN 10 • BENEVOLENTIAE • DVLCIS. Same as re-
verse of No. 79.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 14. Montigny, 88.
GEMMI (Girolamo).

92. HIERONIMVS • GEMMI. Bust of Girolamo Gemmi 1., in tunic

and cloak.

Rev. PAT AVI VM. Woman holding back horse galloping 1.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 16. Keary, 107.

GRIMANI (Marino), Venetian ; created cardinal in 1528 ; he
was legate of the Pope at Perugia and gained the gratitude of
the inhabitants of that city by his wise administration ;
d., 1546.

93. MARINVS ' GRIMANVS • S • R • E • CARD. Bust of cardinal

Grimani r., in cardinal's cape.

PORTRAIT MEDALS. 25

Rev. PASTORIS • MVNVS. Male figure standing 1., holding

vase and staff.

Dia. 36 m. Armand, 17. Montigny, 73. Mazzuchelli, LVII., 6. Tresor
de Num., I., XXXV., 4.

94. MARINVS • GRIMANVS ' CAR • LEGATVS. Bust of cardinal

Grimani r., in cape.

Rev. PERVSIA • SVRGE (in ex.). The cardinal standing r.,
giving his hand to a fallen female (Perugia).
Dia. 34 m. Armand, II., p. 175, No. 9. Mazzuchelli, LVII., 7.

GUALTERUZZI (Goro).

95. GORVS • GVALTERVTIVS. Bust of Goro Gualteruzzi 1.

Rev. PATAVIVM. Same as reverse of No. 92.
Dia. 34 m. Armand, 18.

JULIUS III. (Giovanni Maria del Monte), b., 1487 ; elected
Pope in 1550 ; d., 1555.

96. IVLIVS • TERTIVS • PONT • MAX • A • V.— 10 • CAVINO • P.

Bust of Pope Julius III. r., in papal robes.

Rev. ANGLIA • RESVRGES.— VT • NVNC • NOVISSIMO •
DIE. The pope in papal robes and tiara, giving his hand to
kneeling female (England) ; by his side stand Queen Mary,
Charles V., Philip II., and Cardinal Pole.

Dia. 48 m. Armand, 27. Tresor de Num., Med. pap., IX., 4* Bolzen-
thal, p. loo. Bonanni, Numismata pont. rom., I., 15, 243. This rare
medal was struck to commemorate the reconciliation of England with the
Pope, and the re-establishment of |the dominion of the Romish church. It
has been imitated in recent times.

LUDOVISI, see PANICO.
MELSI (Giovanni), a jurist of Milan.

97. IOANNES • MELSIVS • IVR • C. Bust of Giovanni Melsi r., in

loose robes.

Rev. GENIO • MELSI. Genius standing 1., holding cornu-
copia, and pouring incense on an altar.

Dia. 36m. Armand, 20. Mazzuchelli, LXXXIIL, 5.

MONTE (Balduino del), brother of Pope Julius III. ; made
count of Montesansavino in 1550 ; d., 1556.

98. BALDVINVS • DE • MONTE • COMES. Bust of Balduino

del Monte 1., draped.

Rev. PROVIDENTIA • CHRIST. Female standing, holding

sceptre and rudder ; before her, a globe.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 21. Montigny, 75.

99. Similar obverse.

Rev. MAG IS • VICI • SED • TIBI. Horseman r., piercing
with his spear another horseman whose horse has fallen ;
in the background r., triumphal arch.

26 PORTRAIT MEDALS.

Dia. 40 m. Armand, 22. Montigny, 74. Mazzuchelli, LX., 6. Litta, I., del
Monte. This reverse, which is larger than the obverse, belongs to a medal
of Antinous (No. 52).

ORTENBURG (Bernhardt, Count of).

too. BER • COM • ORTENBVRG • XIX. Bust of the Count of
Ortenburg r., in cuirass.

Rev. A warrior about to bridle a free horse.
Dia. 39 m. Armand, 24.

PANICO (Girolamo, Count of), a citizen of Padua. He was a
poet, and having become blind he was named Tiresias.

LUDOVISI (Pompeo), father of Gregory XV. ; was several times
a magistrate of Bologna, and died podesta of Lojano, 1565.

101. HIERONYMVS • PANICVS • PAT • POMPEIVS • LVDOVISIVS •

BON. Jugate busts of the Count of Panico and Pompeo
Ludovisi 1., one in embroidered, the other in plain tunic.

Rev. TVTARE • COLENTES • ET • NOS • ET • TVA •
SIGNA • PI VS. Two shields.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 26. Keary, no.

102. Similar obverse.

Rev. GENIO • BENEVOLENTIAE • DVLCIS. Same as
reverse of No. 79.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 25.

PASSERI (Marcantonio), b., 1491 ; professor of Philosophy at
the University of Padua ; d., 1565.

103. M • ANTON I VS • PASSERVS • PATAVIN. Bust of Marcantonio

Passeri r., in loose robe.

Rev. PHILOSOPHIA ' CO MITE • REGREDIMVR. Human
figure formed of two bodies joined, having one head with
two faces.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 28. Montigny, 78. Mazzuchelli, LXIX., 3.

104. M • ANTON I VS • PASSERVS • PAT. Similar bust.

Rev. PHILOSOPHIA- DVCE • REGREDIMVR. Same type.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 29. Montigny, 79. Mazzuchelli, LXIX., 4.

105. Similar to obverse of No. 103.

Rev. SVPER • ASPIDEM. Female, half draped, standing
1., raising her hands toward the sun, and crushing a serpent
with her foot.

Dia. 37 m. Kluyskens, Des hommes celebres dans les sciences et les arts...
Gand, 1859, II., p. 300.

QUIRINI (Francesco), patrician of Venice, poet and warrior.
He wrote in 1544.

106. FRANC • QVIRINVS. Bust of Francesco Quiririi r., in Roman

dress.

PORTRAIT MEDALS. 2J

Rev. PERPETVA SO BOLES. Romulus and Remus

suckled by the wolf r.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 30. Montigny, 76. Mazzuchelli, XLIV., 4, The
reverse alludes to the pretended descent of the Quirini family from
Romulus, who was called Quirinus after his deification. We find both
Romulus and Remus spoken of in Juvenal zs> gemini Quirini (li, 105).

SALVIONI (Luca), a jurist of Padua.

107. LVCAS • SALVIONVS • PAT • IVR • CON. Bust of Luca

Salvioni r., in loose robe.

Rev. CERERI • LEG I FERAE. Same as reverse of No. 80.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 31. Montigny, 95. Keary, 113. Mazzuchelli,
XCVI., 9.

See also No. 86.
SCAPTI (Cosimo).

1 08. COSMVS • SCAPTIVS. Head of young Cosimo Scapti r.

Rev. P • M • TR • P • X • IMP • VI • COS • III • P • P.—
SALVS. Salus seated 1. holding patera to a serpent which
is twined round a tree ; before her, statue (of ^Esculapius ?)
upon a column.

Dia. 37 m. Armand, 33. Keary, 108. Same reverse as imitative coin
of Commodus, No. 64.

VERZI (Niccolo), a jurist of Capo d'Istria.

109. NIC- VERTIVS- P-F- IVSTIN • IVRE -CON. Bustof Niccolo

Verzi r., in tunic.

Rev. CERERI • LEG I FERAE. Same as reverse of Nos. 80

and 107.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 35. Keary, 112. Mazzuchelli, XCIII., 2.

no. Similar obverse.

Rev. SVPER • ASPIDEM. Same as reverse of No. 105.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 34. Montigny, 87. Mazzuchelli, XCIII., I.

ZUPONI (Giovanni Paolo), a citizen of Padua.

in. 10 • PAVLVS • ZVPONVS • PATAVINVS. Head of Giampolo
Zuponi r.

Rev. VIRT • • AET - • CONS. Same as reverse of No. 81.
Dia. 37 m. Armand, 36. Montigny, 89. Keary, in.

CHRIST.

112. IESVS • LIBERATOR • ET • SALVATOR.— 1565. IOAN
CAVINVS • PA. Bust of Christ 1., with 1. hand raised.

Rev. DEVS • TRINVS • ET • VNVS. God, with three faces,
upon a globe ; to r. and 1., head of cherub ; beneath, two
angels blowing trumpets.
Dia Armand, 19. Montigny, 71. Cicognara, II., 426-30.

28

PORTRAIT MEDALS.

113. PORVS ' CON SI LI I • FILIVS.— IOANES CAVINVS. Bust of Christ r.,
draped.

Rev. OMNIA • SVRSVM • TRACTA - SVNT. Christ on the
Cross, at the foot of which are Mary, Mary Magdalene, and
John.

Dia. 37 m. Zeitschrift flir Numismatik, VIII., 1881, p. 119, ills. The ob-
verse inscription is explained by a passage of Plato (Symp. 203 b. c.), where
mention is made of a mythological person called H6poft " the way," the son
of M/7nf " Counsel," and Zeus. This Poros, married to Penia, "Poverty"
begat Eros, "Love." Plato's myth has thus been seized upon by Cavino
as a beautiful and poetic prophecy of Christ.

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF THE REVERSE INSCRIPTIONS.

ADLOCVTIO, Caligula, 13 ; Nero, 19 ; Galba, 21 ; Nerva, 43 ;

Geta, 71.

AETERNITAS • MANT, Benavidi (G. P.), 83 ; Benavidi (M. M.), 85.
AETERNITATI • SACRVM, Antonini, 78.
AGRIPPINA DRVSILLA IVLIA, Caligula, 9, 10.
ANGLIA - RESVRGES.— VT • NVNC • NOV1SSIMO • DIE, Julius III.,

96.

ANNONA • AVGVSTI • CERES, Nero, 16.
AVGVSTI.— POR • OST, Nero, 18.

BA2IAE.02 • MI0PAJATOY • EYJTATOPO^, Mithradates VI., 74.

CERERI • LEG I FERAE, Bassiano and Cavino, 80; Salvioni, 107;

Verzi, 109.

CONGIAR • P • R, Nerva, 44.
COS • II, Didius Julianus, 67.
COS -III, Antoninus Pius, 55 ; Lucius Verus, 62.
COS • III • NEP, Hadrian, 50.

DECURSIO, Nero, 17.

DEVS • TRINVS • ET • VNVS, Christ, 112.

DIVO -AVG, Caligula, n, 12.

DIVI • M - Pll • F • P • M TR • P • III) • COS • II • P • P, Septimius

Severus, 69.
DIVO • AVG . T . DIVI • VESP • F • VESPASIAN, Titus 36.

EN • HAEC • VESTI • VETE, Battaglini, 82.

FELICITATI - AVG.— COS • III • P- P. Hadrian, 47.
FID" EXERCIT, Hadrian, 48.

GEN 10 • BENEVOLENT! AE . DVLCIS, Bassiano and Cavino, 79 ;

Dulci, 91 ; Panico and Ludovisi, 102.
GENIO • MELSI, Melsi, 97.

30 ALPHABETICAL LIST

HONESTE • VIVAS • ALTERV • NON • L/tDAS • IVS • SVV • CVIQ •

TRIBVAS.— IVR IS PRVDENCI/£, Deciano, 90.
HONOS -ET • VIRTVS, Galba, 20 ; Vitellius, 27 ; Vespasian, 31.

IMP, Vespasian, 29.

IMP • II • COS • III! • P • P, Caracalla, 70.

IMP • VII • COS • III.— VIC • AVG, Marcus Aurelius, 56.

ITALIA, Albinus, 68.

IVDAEA • CAPTA, Vespasian, 30 ; Titus, 37, 38.

L • BVCA, Julius Caesar, 2.

MAGIS • VICI • SED • TIBI, Antinous, 52 ; Balduino del Monte, 99.
MAT • AVG • MAT • SEN • MAT • PATR, Vitellius, 26.
MAY 2H A El ON, Artemisia, 75.

NERO • CLAVDIVS • DRVSVS • GERMAN -IMP, Claudius, 14.

OB -GIVES • SER, Augustus, 4.

OMNIA • SVRSVM • TRACTA • SVNT, Christ, 113.

OPTIMIS • ARTIBVS. Accolti, 77.

PANNONIAE • CVRTA • AEL, Aelius,53.

PARTHICO -P-M-TR-P -COS -VI -P -P-S • P • Q • R, Trajan, 46.

PASTORIS • MVNVS, Grimani, 93.

PATAVIVM, Gemmi, 92 ; Gualteruzzi, 95.

PATAVIVM.— M . D • XL, Contarini, 88.

PAVPERTATIS • PATAVIN/E • TVTOR.— M - D • XXXX —DEO • OPT •

FAV, Cornaro, 89.

PERPETVA • SOBOLES, Quirini, 106.
PERVSIA • SVRGE, Grimani, 94.

PHILOSOPHIA • COMITE • REGREDIMVR, Passeri, 103.
PHILOSOPHIA • DVCE • REGREDIMVR, Passeri, 104.
P-M-TR-P • COS, Didius Julianus, 66.
P • M • TR • P • X • IMP • VI • COS -III • P - P.— SALVS, Commodus,

64 ; Scapti, 108.
PONT ' MAX ' TR • P ' VIII • LVD • SAEC.— SVF - P • D, Domitian,

40.

PROVIDENTIA • CHRIST, Balduino del Monte, 98.
PROVIDENTIAE • DEORVM • COS • ll.Pertinax, 65.

ROMA • RESVRGES, Vespasian, 32.
ROME -T -AVG, Tiberius, 5.

SACERD ' DEI • SOUS ' ELAGAB, Elagabalus, 72.

OF THE REVERSE INSCRIPTIONS. 31

S • C, Otho, 25 ; Vitellius, 28 ; Vespasian, 33 ; Titus, 39 ; Faustina,

junior, 59.

SECVRITAS • P ' R, Otho, 22, 23, 24.

SPES • AVGVSTA, Claudius, 15 ; Vespasian, 34 ; Domitian, 41.
S • P • Q • R • MEMORIAE • AGRIPPINAE, Agrippina, 7, 8.
S • P • Q • R • OPTIMO -PRINCIPI — AQVA 'TRAI ANA, Trojan, 45.
SVPER • ASPIDEM, Passed, 105 ; Verzi, no.

Tl • CLAVDIVS • CAESAR • AVG • P • M • TR - P - IMP, Antonia, 6.

TOIC • AXAIOIC • ANEoHKE, Antinous, 51.

TR • POT • COS • II.— CONCORD, Aelius, 54.

TR • P • VII • IMP • Illl • COS ' III • P • P, Marcus Aurelius, 57 ;

Lucius Verus, 60, 61.
TVTARE • COLENTES • ET • NOS • ET • TVA • SIGNA • PIVS, Panico

and Ludovisi, 101.

VENI VIDI VICI, Julius Caesar, i.

VIC • AVG, Marcus Aurelius, 58 ; Lucius, 63.

VIRT • • AET • • CONS, Bassiano and Cavino, 81 ; Zuponi, in.

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