Full text of "Medical lexicon. A dictionary of medical science; containing a concise explanation of the various subjects and terms of physiology, pathology, hygiene, therapeutics, pharmacology, obstetrics, medical jurisprudence, &c., with the French and other synonymes; notices of climate, and of celebrated mineral waters; formulæ for various officinal, empirical, and dietetic preparations, etc"

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DISCARC 

A    NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STAT?  JJBRARY 

DICTIONARY 


OF 


MEDICAL   SCIENCE; 


COVTAIVIHG 

▲  00NCI8B  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  VARIOUS  SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY, 

HYGIENE,  THERAPEUTICS,  PHARMACOLOGY,  OBSTETRICS,  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,  Ac* 

WITH  THE  FRENCH  AND  OTHER  8YNONYME8;  NOTICES  OF  CLIMATE,  AND  OF 

CELEBRATED  MINERAL  WATERS;  FORMULA  FOR  VARIOUS  OFFICINAL, 

EMPIRICAL,  AND  DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS,  ETC. 


ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.D..LL.D., 

or  or  THi  nrvriTCRS  of  mmcwi,  no*  in  jvftemow  mxdioal  ooumi,  raxLtMBmA* 

TIOB-PUSIDlin  Or  TBI  AMBUGAV  rHUOOOTBIOAL  80CHfT,  no.  00. 


ELEVENTH  EDITION,  REVI8ED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
BLANCHARD    AND  L 

1854. 


Entered^  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1851,  by 
BLANCHARD  AND   LEA, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  tbe 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Printed  by  T.  £  &  P.  Q.  Oollict. 


to 


/ 


ROBERT  M.  PATTERSON,  M.D. 


EX-FBESIDENT  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PHILOSOPHICAL  SOCIETY,   ETC.  ETC. 


ONCE  HIS  COLLEAGUE  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  YIBOINU, 


ALWAYS  HIS  FRIEND, 


ii  $Bork  18  9tititate)tf 


WITH  UNCHANGED  AND  UNCHANGEABLE  SENTIMENTS,  BY 


THE  AUTHOR. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  EIGHTH  EDITION. 


In  issuing  a  new  edition  of  his  Dictionary  the  Author  has,  again,  the  pleasure 
to  express  his  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  it  has  met  with  from  the  profes- 
sion. The  last  two  editions  comprised  about  nine  thousand  subjects  and  terms  not 
contained  in  the  edition  immediately  preceding,  many  of  which  had  been  introduced 
into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the  progress  of  the  science,  and  others 
had  escaped  him  in  the  previous  revisions. 

That  the  author  has  not  suffered  his  exertions  to  diminish,  in  the  preparation  of 
the  present  edition,  is  sufficiently  manifested  by  the  feet,  that  he  has  added  about 
four  thousand  term,  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  last  These  additions 
have  necessarily  required  a  great  amount  of  labour,  which  has  been  cheerfully  be- 
stowed, however,  in  order  that  the  work  might  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the 
vast  favour  which  it  has  experienced.  It  has  been  the  anxious  desire  of  the  author 
to  make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the 
student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been  legitimated 
in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science;  and  the  present  very  carefully  revised,  greatly 
enlarged,  and  accurately  printed  edition  cannot  fail  to  be  more  extensively  useful, 
and  to  offer  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practitioner  and  student,  than 
any  of  its  prede 


BOBLBT  DUNGLISON. 
Philadelphia,  18  Gibakd  Stxut. 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE 

PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


The  present  undertaking  was  suggested  by  the  frequent  complaints!  made  by  the 
author's  pupils,  that  they  were  unable  to  meet  with  information  on  numerous  topics 
of  professional  inquiry,— especially  of  recent  introduction, — in  the  medical  diction- 
aries accessible  to  them.  It  may,  indeed,  be  correctly  affirmed,  that  we  have  no 
dictionary  of  medical  subjects  and  terms  which  can  be  looked  upon  as  adapted  to  the 
state  of  the  science.  In  proof  of  this,  the  author  need  but  remark,  that  he  has  found 
occasion  to  add  several  thousand  medical  terms,  which  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  the 
only  medical  lexicon  at  this  time  in  circulation  in  the  country. 

The  author's  object  has  not  been  to  make  a  mere  lexicon  or  dictionary  of  terms, 
but  to  afford,  under  each,  a  condensed  view  of  its  various  medical  relations,  and  thus 
to  render  the  work  an  epitome  of  the  existing  condition  of  medical  science.  In  its 
preparation,  he  has  freely  availed  himself  of  the  English,  French,  and  German 
works  of  the  same  nature,  and  has  endeavoured  to  add  every  subject  and  term  of 
recent  introduction,  which  has  fallen  under  his  notice;  yet,  with  all  his  care,  it  will 
doubtless  be  found  that  subjects  have  been  omitted.  The  numerous  additions,  how- 
ever, which  he  has  made,  and  his  strong  desire  to  be  useful,  "  by  removing  rubbish 
and  clearing  obstructions  from  the  paths  through  which  learning  and  genius  press 
forward  to  conquest  and  glory,"  will,  he  trusts,  extenuate  these  and  other  objections 
that  might  be  urged  against  the  work;  especially  when  the  toil,  which  every  com- 
piler of  a  dictionary  must  endure,  is  taken  into  consideration ;  a  toil  which  has  been 
so  forcibly  depicted  by  the  great  English  Lexicographer,  as  well  as  by  the  distin- 
guished Scaligxb: 

"81  quelqn'un  a  eommis  qoelqne  crime  odtauc, 
S'fl  a  ta6  son  pdre,  on  bla*ph6m6  les  Dieux, 
Qn'il  false  nn  Lexicon:  a'il  est  snppliee  an  monde 
Qui  le  pnnitse  mieux,  je  venx  que  Ton  me  tonde." 


EXPLANATION. 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the  term 
may  be  sufficient;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  obtained  under 
the  term  referred  to.  For  example,  the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be  synony- 
mous with  Trunk.  This  may  be  sufficient  for  the  inquirer:  should  it  not,  the 
requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turning  to  Trunk. 


ABBREVIATIONS  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Da. 

Danish. 

E. 

English. 

F. 

French. 

F.  or  Fah. 

Fahrenheit. 

Fam. 

Family. 

G. 

German. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

L 

Italian. 

Ir. 

Irish. 

L. 

Latin. 

linn. 

Linn»us. 

Nat  Ord.  Natural  Order. 


P. 

Portuguese. 

Ph.D. 

Pharmacopoeia  of  Dublin. 

Ph.E. 

u 

Edinburgh. 

Ph.L. 

« 

London. 

Ph.  P. 

u 

Paris. 

Ph.  U.S. 

u 

of  the  Uni- 
ted   States 
of  America. 

R. 

Reaumur. 

S. 

Spanish. 

S.g. 

Specific  Gravity. 

Sax. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Sex.Syst 

Sexual  System. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

NEW    DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL   SCIENCE. 


A. 


A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a,  av, 
bare,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a  privative 
or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of  the  particles 
in,  im,  un,  ir,  in  English.  Thus:  Stheni'a  means 
strength; — Aatheni'a,  want  of  strength; — Ana- 
mia,  want  of  blood,  Ac.  Occasionally,  in  com- 
pound words,  they  have  an  intensive  meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

A,  or  a.a.     See  Abbreviation. 

AARZHIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A. 
is  in  the  canton  of  Berne  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
sodium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  oxyd  of  iron, 
and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

AASMUS,  Anhelatio. 

ABACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ahydro- 
solphnretted  saline  spring,  not  far  from  Ratisbon 
or  Regenteberg  in  Bavaria. 

ABAIS8EMEXT,  Depression:  see  Cataractr- 
a.  de  la  Matricet  Prolapsus  uteri. 

ABAISSEUR  DE  L'AILE  DU  NEZ,  De- 
pressor alee  nasi — a.  de  f  angle  dee  Uvrea,  De- 
pressor anguli  oris — a.  de  la  livre  infirieure, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris — a.  de  la  mackoire  in- 
firieure,  Digastricus — a.  de  Varil,  Rectus  inferior 
oeuli. 

ABALIENATIO  MENTIS,  Insanity. 

ABALIENA'TUS.  Corrup'tue,  Corrupted ;  from 
ab,  and  alienue,  'different.'  Membra  abaliena'ta. 
Limbs  dead  or  benumbed.  —  Celsus,  Scribonius 
Largus. 

ABANGA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants  of 
SL  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the  seeds 
of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in  diseases  of 
the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or  four,  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

AB APTIST'A.  Abaptieton  or  Abaptie'tum,  from 
«,  privative,  and  flavrifciv,  'to  plunge/  A  term 
applied  to  the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of 
which  prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  into 
the  cavity  of  the  cranium. 

ABAPTISTON,  Abaptista.         • 

ABAPTISTUM,  Abaptista. 

ABAREMO-TEMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  mountains,  and  appears  to  be  a 
mimosa.  Piso  relates  that  the  decoction  of  its 
bark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringent,  was  applied 
In  that  country,  to  ulcers  of  a  bad  character. 

ABARNAHAS,  Magnesia. 

ABARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis  and  Synar- 
throsis. 

ABATARDISSEMENT,  Degeneration. 

ABATTEMENT,  Prostration. 

ABATTIS,  Gibleta. 
3 


ABBREVIATION 

ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  spring,  six  leagues  from  Paris,  and 
one  from  Poissy.  It  was  onee  much  frequented, 
but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIATION,  Abbrevia'tio,  Brachun'ri; 
Brachya'moe,  Abbreviate' r a.  (F.)  Abriciation, 
from  brevity  'short'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formulae.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old,  when 
every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol.  The 
chief  abbreviations  now  adopted  are  the  following: 

R.  Recipe,  Take. 

A.  ▲*,  axa,  (ava)  utriueque,  of  each. 
Abdom.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Fbbr.  Abeente/ebre,  In  the  absence  of  fever. 
An.  or  Add.  Adde  or  addatur. 
Ad  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 
Advov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 
Alter*.  Hon.  Alterni*  horie,  Every  other  hoar; 
Alt.  Adstrict.  Alvo  adetrietd,  The  bowels  be- 
ing confined. 
Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Comm.  Aqua  communis,  Common  water. 
Aq.  Font.  Aqua/ontie,  Spring  water. 
Aq.  Bull.  Aqua  bulliene,  Boiling  water. 
Aq.  Fbbv.  Aqua /erven*,  Hot  water. 
Aq.  Marin.  Aqua  marina,  Sea  water. 

B.  A.  Balneum  arena,  A  sand-bath. 
Balb.  BaUamum,  Balsam. 

BB.  BBDS.  Barbadenrie,  Barbadoes, 

Bib.  Bibe,  Drink. 

Bis  ind.  Bit  indie*,  Twice  daily. 

B.  M.  Balneum  maria,  A  salt  water  bath. 

Bol.  Bolu*. 

Bull.  BuUiat,  Let  it  boil. 

But.  Butyrum,  Butter. 

B.  V.  Balneum  vaporie,  A  vapour-bath. 
Cbbul.  Caruleus,  Blue. 

Cap.  Capiat,  Let  him  take. 

C  0.  Oornu  cervi,  Hartshorn. 

0.  0.  IT.  Cornu  cervi  u*tum,  Surnt  hartshorn. 

C  M.  Ora*  manl,  To-morrow  morning. 

C  N.  Cra*  nocte,  To-morrow  night. 

C.  V.  Ora*  ve*pere,  To-morrow  evening. 
Cochl.  Cochleare,  A  spoonful. 

Cochl.  Ampl.  Cochleare  amplum,  A  largt 
spoonful. 

Cochl.  1st.  Cochleare  infantum,  A  child's 
spoonfuL 

Cochl.  Mod.  or  Med.  Cochleare  modfam  «r 
medium,  A  dessert-spoonfnL 

(S3) 


ABBREVIATION 


34 


ABBREVIATION 


"1 


Cocbl.  Part.  Cochleare  parvum,  A  tea-spoonful. 

Col.  Cola,  and  Cokttura,  Strain,  %nd  to  the 
strained. 

Coup.  Composites,  Compound. 

Oonf.  Con/ectio,  Confection. 

Cons.  Conserva,  Conserve. 

Cont.  Continuetur,  Let  it  be  continued. 

Coq.  Coque,  Boil. 

Cort.  Cortex,  Bark. 

Crast.  Cra*tinu»,  For  to-morrow. 

Cuj.  Cujus,  Of  which. 

Cujttsl.  Oujuslibet,  Of  any. 

Ctath.  Cyathus,  A  glassful. 

Ctatd.  The*,  A  cup  of  tea. 

D.  Dot's,  A  dose. 

D.  et  S.  Detur  et  signetur,  (placed  at  the  end 
tf  a  prescription. )  » 

D.  D.  Detur  ad,  Let  it  be  given  In  or  to. 

D.  D.  Vitr.  Detur  ad  vitrum,  Let  it  be  given 
in  a  glass. 

Dbaur.  Pil.  Deaurentur  pilules,  Let  the  pills 
be  gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Debita  spissitudo,  A  due  consist- 
ence. 

Dec.  Decanta,  Pour  off. 

Decub.  Decubitus)  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 

DeD.  in  D.  De  die  in  diem.  From  day  to  day. 

Dej.  Alv.  Dejectiones  alvi,  Alvine  evacuations. 

Dep.  Depuratus,  Purified. 

Det.  Detur,  Let  it  be  given. 

Dieb.  Altern.  Diebue  alternie,  Every  other  day. 

Dieb.  Tert.  Diebue  tertiie,  Every  third  day. 

Dig.  Digeratur,  Let  it  be  digested. 

Dil.  Dilutus,  Dilute. 

Dim.  Dimidiue,  One-half. 

Dist.  Dietilla,  Distil. 

Div.  Divide,  Divide. 

Doneo  Alv.  Solut.  Ft/er.  Donee  alvus  eoluta 
fuerit,  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 

Drach.  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

Ejubd.  Ejmdem,  Of  the  same. 

Enex.  Enema,  A  clyster. 

Exhib.  Exhibeatur,  Let  it  be  exhibited. 

Ext.  super  Alut.  Extende  euperalutam,  Spread 
upon  leather. 

F.  Fiat,  Let  it  be  made. 

F.  Pil.  Fiat  pilula,  Make  into  a  pill. 

F.  Ven^s.  or  F.  VS.  Fiat  venasectio,  Let  bleed- 
ing be  performed. 

Feb.  Dur.  Febre  durante,  The  fever  continuing. 

Fee.  Intern.  Femoribue  internie,  To  the  insido 
of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Arm  at.  Fistula  armata,  A  bag  and  pipe, 
a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Floree,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 

Frust.  Fruetillatim,  In  small  pieces. 

Gel.  Quavis,  Gelatind  qudvis,  In  any  kind 
•of  jelly. 

G.  G.  G.  Gummi  guttm  Gambia,  Gamboge. 
Gr.  Granum,  A  grain. 

Gtt.  Gutta,  A  drop. 

Gtt.  or  Gutt.  Quibusd.  Gutti* quibutdam,Witii 
-some  drops. 

Gum.  dummi,  Gum. 

Guttat.  Guttatim,  By  drops. 

Hon.  Decub.  Hord  decubitus,  At  bed-time. 

Hor.  Interx.  Horie  intermedin,  At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  fford  eomni,  At  bed-time. 

Inf.  lu/unde,  Infuse. 

Ind.  Indies,  Daily. 

In j.  Enex.  Injiciatur  enema,  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulx.  In  pulmento,  In  grueL 

Jdl.  Jnlepue,  A  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.  Lateri  dolenti,  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight 

Lit.  Llb,  Libra,  Pounds. 


Liq.  Liquor. 

M.  Miece,  Mix. 

Mac.  Macera,  Macerate. 

Man.  Manipulue,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prix.  Man*,  primo,  Early  in  the  morning. 

Mic.  Pan.  Micapanie,  Crumb  of  bread. 

Mm.  Minimum,  The  60th  part  of  a  drachm  by 
measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send. 

Mitt.  6ang.  Mittatur  sanguis,  Let  blood  be 
drawn. 

Mod.  Prescript.  Modo  prmeeripto,  In  the 
manner  directed. 

Mor.  Sol.  More  solito,  In  the  usual  manner. 

Muc.  Mucilago,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.  Nux  mosehata,  Nutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 

Ol.  Lini,  S.  L  Oleum  lint  sine  igne,  Cold-drawn 
linseed  oil. 

Oxn.  Bid.  Omni  biduo,  Every  two  days. 

Oxn.  Bih.  Omni  bihorio,  Every  two  hours. 

Omn.  Hor.  Omni  hord,  Every  hour. 

Omn.  Man.  Omni  mant,  Every  morning. 

Omn.  Nocte,  Every  night 

Omn.  Quadr.  Hor.  Omni  quadrante  horse, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

0.  0.  0.  Oleum  oliva  optimum,  Best  olive  oil. 

Ov.  Ovum,  An  egg. 

Ox.  OxymeL 

Oz.  Undo,  An  ounce. 

P.  Pondere,  By  weight 

P.  and  Pug.  Pugillus,  A  pugil. 

P.  M.  Partes  aquales,  Equal  parts. 

Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus,  In  divided  doses. 

Pbract.  Op.  Emet.  Peraetd  operations  emetiei, 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill. 

Post  Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  singulas  sedee 
liquidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 

Pot.  Potio,  A  potion. 

P.  P.  Pulvis  patrum,  Jesuits?  bark. 

P.  Rat.  JEtat.  Pro  rations  atatis,  Aocording 
to  the  ago. 

P.  R.  N.  Pro  re  natd,  As  occasion  may  be. 

Pulv.  Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q.  P.  Quantum  pfaccat,  As  much  as  may  please. 

Q.  S.  Quantum  sufficiat,  As  much  as  is  sufficient 

Quor.  Quorum,  Of  which. 

Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris,  Am  much  as  you  wish. 

Rad.  Radix,  Root 

Ras.  Rasura,  Shavings. 

Rect.  R'ectijicatus,  Rectified. 

Red.  or  Redig.  in  Puly.  Redacius  in  pufre- 
rem,  or  Redigatur  in  Pulverem,  Powdered,  or  Let 
it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  TJxbil.  Regio  umbilici,  The  umbilical  re- 
gion. 

Repet.  Repetatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.  Secundum  artem,  According  to  art 

Sex.  Semen,  Seed. 

Sexi-dr,  Semi-drachma,  Half  a  drachm. 

Sexi-h.  Semi-hora,  Half  an  hour. 

8ei»v.  Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sebquih.  Sesquihora,  An  hour  and  a  half. 

Sesunc.  Sesuncia,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  Non  Val.  Si  non  valeat,  If  it  does  not  answer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  Si  opus  sit,  If  there  bo  need. 

Si  Vir.  Perx.  Si  vires permittant,  If  the  strength 
will  permit 

Solv.  Solve,  Dissolve. 

Sp.  and  Spir.  Spiritue,  Spirit 

Ss.  Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coct.  Sub  finem  eoctionis,  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling.  ^ 

Sux.  Sumat,  Let  htm  take;  also,  Summttaies, 
The  tops. 


AMCMS 


ABDUCTOB 


8.  V.  Spirit**  vim,  Spirit  of  wine. 

8.  V.  R.  Spirit*  vim  rectificatus,  Rectified 
«pirit  of  wine. 

d.  V.  T.  Spirit**  vini  tenuior,  Proof  spirit  of 
wine. 

Syr.  Syruput,  Syrap. 

Ten*.  Dkxt.  Tempori  dextro,  To  the  right 
Sample. 

T.  0.  Tinctura  opii,  Tinctire  of  opium. 

Tr.,  Tra.  end  Tctct.  Tinctura,  Tincture. 

Trit.  Tritura,  Triturate. 

V.  0.  8.  or  Vit.  Ov.  Sol.  Vitetto  ovi  solutus, 
Dissolved  in  the  yolk  of  en  egg. 

VS.  Vemtsectio,  Venesection. 

Z.  Z.  Anciently  myrrh:  now  rinriber  or  ginger. 

lb,  Libra,  A  pound. 

J,  Undo,  An  oonce. 

g,  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

rt,  Scrupulum,  A  scruple. 

1%  Minimum,  A  minim. 

ss,  Semi—is,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 

j,  one;  ij,  two;  iij,  three;  iv,  four,  Ac 

The  same  system  is  not  always  followed  in  ab- 
breviating. The  subjoined  will  exhibit  the  usual 
mode: 

R 

In/us.  Ouhmb.  f  §  ias 

Tinet.  Gent.  e.  f  gi 

jgrr.  Oort.  Aurant.  fgss 

77«et.  cap*.  gtt. 

CapL  eoch.  y.  p.  r.  n. 
This,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows: 

Recipe 

Infusi  Colombo*  sesqui-fluidunciam. 
Tinctura  Gentian*  Composite*  fluidrachmam. 
Syrupi  Oorticis  Aurantiorum  semi-fluidrach- 


zL  M. 


Tinctures  Capsici  guttas  quadraginta. 
Misce. 
Capiat  eoehlearia  dno  pro  re  nata. 

ABCES,  Abscess — a.  Aigu,  see  Abscess — a. 
Chaud,  see  Abscess— a.  Ohronique,  see  Abscess — 
a.  Par  congestion,  see  Abscess — a.  Diathtsique, 
see  Abscess — a.  Froid,  see  Abscess— a.  Mitaeta- 
tique,  see  Abscess — a.  Scro/uleux,  see  Abscess— 
a.  Soudain,  see  Abscess. 

ABDOMEN,  from  aWere,  'to  conceal;'— 
Stroll,  HypogaJtrion,  Jfypoeat'lium,  Episfchion, 
Lap'ara,  Hypoehoi'lion,  Garter,  Hypou'trion, 
Nedys,  Abdu'men,  Venter,  Venter  imue,  Venter 
iH'Jimu*,  Ateus,  Uterus,  The  belly,  (P.)  Ventre, 
V.  in/irieur,  JSae  ventre.  The  largest  of  the 
three  splanchnic  cavities,  bounded,  above,  by  the 
diaphragm;  below,  by  the  pelvis;  behind,  by  the 
lumbar  vertebrae ;  and  at  the  sides  and  fore  part, 
by  muscular  expansions.  It  is  distinguished  into 
three  anterior  regions,  from  above  to  below;  vit. 
the  epigastric,  umbilical,  and  hypogastric,  each 
of  which  is  itself  divided  into  three  others,  one 
middle,  and  two  lateral :  thus,  the  epigastrjc  re- 
gion comprises  the  epigastrium  and  hypochon- 
dria; the  umbilical,  the  umbilicus  and  flank*  or 
lumbar  regions ;  and  the  hypogastric,  the  hypo- 
gastrium  and  Uiao  regions.  None  of  these  re- 
gions has  its  limits  well  defined.  The  chief  vis- 
cera contained  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen, 
Co/Ha,  Cavum  Abdom'inis,  are  the  stomach,  in- 
testines, liver,  spleen,  pancreas,  kidneys,  Ac  It 
is  lined  by  the  peritoneum. 

Abdomen,  Pendulous,  Physconia. 

ABDOM'INAL,  AWomWfo,  Ventra'lit,  Ven- 
tral. That  which  belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as 
abdominal  muscles,  abdominal  viscera,  Ac 

ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos- 
eopia. 

ABDOMINISCOP'IA,  Gaetroscap'ia.  A  hy- 
brid word,  from  Abdomen,  'the  lower  belly,'  and 
eMoxtu,  'I  view;'  Laparoscop'ia,  Abdom'inis  Ex- 


plora'tio.  Examination  of  the  lower  belly  at  a 
means  of  diagnosis.    See  Auscultation. 

ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levator  anguH 
oris. 

ABDUCENTES,  Motor  oeull  external. 

ABDUCT  EUR  I)E  L'iEIL,  Rectus  extermif 
oouli— a.  de  VoreilU,  Abductor  auris — a.  du  gros 
orteil,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis — a.  du  petit  orteil, 
Abductor  minimi  digit!  pedis— a.  court  du  ponce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis — a.  long  du  pouce,  Ab- 
ductor longus  pollicis. 

ABDUCTION,  Abduc'tio,  from  abducere,  to 
separate,  (ab  and  dueere,  'to  lead/)  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abrup'tio,  Apag'ma,  Apocfas'ma,  a  fracture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abducteur. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  separat- 
ing them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Auricularib,  Abductor  auris — a. 
Indicia  pedis,  Prior  indicia  pedis,  Posterior  indicis 
pedis — a.  Medii  digit!  pedis,  Prior  medii  digit! 
pedis — a.  Minimi  digit!,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti — a.  Minimi  digiti,  Prior  minimi  digiti — a. 
Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi — a.  Pollicis  manus, 
and  a.  Brevis  alter,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abductor  auricula'ri*.  (F.) 
Abducteur  de  Poreille.  A  portion  of  the  posterior 
auris,  whose  existence  is  not  constant,  which 
passes  from  the  mastoid  process  to  the  concha. 

ABDUCTOR  In'DICIS,  Semi-intcros'seus  in'dici*. 
A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  os  trapezium  and 
metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  first  bone  of  the  forefinger.  Its  use  is  to 
bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Abductor  Mih'imi  Diq"iti,  Carpo-phalan'geus 
min'imi  digiti,  Oarpo-phalangien  du  petit  doigt, 
Exten'sor  ter'tii  interno'dii  minimi  digiti — (Dou- 

flaa.)  ffypoth'enar  minor  metacarpeus.  See 
lexor  parvus.  It  originates  fleshy  from  the  os 
pieiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament  near 
it;  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  inner  side 
of  the  base  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  finger. 
Use,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from  the  rest. 

Abductor  Mnrim  Digiti  Pedis,  Calco-sub- 
phalangeue  minimi  digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien 
du  petit  orteil,  Parath'enar  major — (By  Wins- 
low,  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  portions, — 
Parathenar  major  and  metatarseue.)  Calcan*o- 
sou«~phalangien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.)  Ab- 
ducteur du  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms  the 
outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  this  foot,  and  is  im- 
mediately beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis.  It 
arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer  side 
of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the  root 
of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use,  to  draw 
the  little  toe  outwards. 

Abductor  Pol'licis  Bretts,  Abductor  Polli- 
cis  Manus,  Scapho-carpo-super-phalangeus  Pol- 
licis, Sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  A.  pollicis  manus 
and  A.  brevis  alter — (Albinos.)  (F.)  Abducteur 
court  du  pouce,  Carpo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce — 
(Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  arises 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  scaphoides  and 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  outside  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A  particular 
portion,  on  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  if 
called,  by  Albinus,  Abductor  brevis  alter. 

Abductor  Longus  Pollicis,  A.  I  P.  3Fanue, 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi  pollicis  manus,  Extensor 
primi  iuternodii — (Douglas,)  Extensor  primus 
Pollicis,  Cubito-radi-*u4'»iitacarpiei  du  pouce^ 


ABDUMEN 


S« 


ABORTION 


Cubitosus-mttacarpien  du  pouce,  —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  long  du  pauee.  A  long,  thin  muscle, 
Arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna, 
radius;  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  inserted 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
first  metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis,  Calco-$ub-phalan- 
geui  Pol' licit.  (F.)  Abducteur  du  groe  orteil. 
This  muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  tendinous  from  the  same  bone  where  it  joins 
with  the  os  narioulare.  It  is  inserted,  tendinous, 
into  the  internal  os  sesamoideum  and  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  great  toe.  U»e,  to  pull  the  great 
toe  from  the  rest. 

The  name  Abductor  has  been  given  also  to  all 
those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction  on  the 
fingers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which  execute  the 
aame  function  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 

ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEBAV0S,  from  a,  neg.  and  0c0ai©f,  'firm/ 
Injir'mus,  Deb'ilia.    Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 

ABEILLE,  Bee. 

ABELMELUCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the  Rici- 
nus,  according  to  some  authors. — Prosper  Alpinus 
says  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about  Mecca,  is  so 
called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black  and  oblong, 
are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  cathartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmosohua— a. 
Moschatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABENSBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold,  sul- 
phureous spring. 

ABERRATIO,  Aberration— a.  Lactia,  Galac- 
toplania — a.  Mensium,  Menstruation,  vicarious — 
a.  Menstruorum,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Abcrra'tio,  from  aberrare, 
(ab  and  errare,)  'to  stray/  'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings. 

1.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it  In 
thid  6ense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Error  Loci 
of  Boorhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  different 
from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  directed ;  as  in 
oases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberration*  of 
tense  or  judgment  are  certain  errors  in  the  percep- 
tions, or  certain  derangements  of  the  intellectual 
faculties. 

The  word  is  used  in  optics  to  designate  the  dis- 
persion of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through  a 
lens. 

Aberration,  Chromatic,  Aberration  of  Re- 
frangibility. 

Aberration  of  Refraicgibii/ity,  Ohromat'ic 
aberra'tion,  exists,  when,  as  in  a  common  lens, 
the  rays  that  pass  near  the  circumference  of  the 
lens  are  decomposed,  so  that  a  coloured  image  is 
observed.  This  aberration  in  the  human  eye  is 
corrected  by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the 
rays  to  fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens, 
an4  also  by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which, 
owing  to  its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an 
achromatic  glass. 

Aberration,  Spherical,  Aberration  of  sphe- 
ricity. 

Aberration  op  Sphericity  or  tpker'ical  ab- 
erra'tion takes  place,  when  the  rays,  as  in  a  com- 
mon lens,  which  pass  through  the  centre  of  the 
lens,  and  those  which  pass  near  the  circumfer- 
ence, are  unequally  refracted,  so  that  they  do  not 
meet  al  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human  eye 
is  corrected  by  the  iris. 

ABESSI,  Realgar. 

ABKVACUA'TIO,  Apoceno'tis,  from  06,  and 


evacuarc,  'to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  partial 
or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some  it  is  applied 
to  an  immoderate  evacuation. — Eraus. 

ABHAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes  for 
an  emmenagogue. 

ABIES,  Pinus  picea — a.  Balsamea,  Pinus  bal- 
samea, 

Abies  Balsaitivera,  Pinus  balsamea — a.  Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus  Canadensis — a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus 
abies — a.  Gallica,  Pinus  picea — a.  Larix,  Pinus 
larix — a.  Pectinata,  Pinus  picea* — a.  Picea,  Pinus 
picoa — a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 
ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamsepitys. 
ABIOSIS,  Death. 
ABIOTOS,  Conium  maculatum. 
ABIRRITA'TION.  A6t  rrtfa'<to,from  ab,  priva- 
tive, and  irritatio,  'irritation.'   This  word  strictly 
means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation.    The  disci- 
ples of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a  pathological 
condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irritation.    It  may 
be    considered    as    synonymous  with   debility, 
asthenia,  Ac. 
ABLACTATIO,  Weaning. 
ABLA8TES,  Sterile. 
ABLATIO,  Extirpation. 
ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  &\t- 
ipapov,  '  eyelid.'    One  who  has  no  eyelids. 
ABLEPSIA,  Cacitas. 
ABLUENTIA,  Detergents. 
ABLU'TION,  Ablu'tio,  Aponip'eis,  Cataclyt'- 
mtu,  from  abluere,  (ab  and  lucre,)  'to  wash.'    A 
name  given  to  legal  ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected  to  particular  affusions.  Ablution 
(especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold  or  tepid 
water  is  employed,  therapeutically,  to  reduce 
febrile  heat.     Also,  the  washing  by  which  medi- 
cines are  separated  from  the  extraneous  matters 
mixed  with  them. 

ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 
ABNORMITY,  Anomalia, 
ABNOR'MOUS,    Abnormal,    (F.)   Anormal, 
from  ab,  'from,'  and  norma,  'rule.'     Not  con 
formablo  to  rule ;  irregular. 

ABOLF'TION,  AbolV'tio,  destruction  or  sup- 
pression, from  ab  and  lucre  (?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed,  especially  by  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any  symp- 
tom or  function.  Abolition  of  the  eight,  e.  g.  is 
the  complete  loss  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'eum,  Enye'tron,  Rennet. 
The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of  ruminating 
animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Disgust. 
ABONDANCE,  Plethora. 
ABORSIO,  Abortion. 
ABORSUS,  Abortion. 
ABORTICIDIUM,  Foeticide. 
ABORT  IF,  Abortive. 
A0ORTIFACIENS,  Abortive. 
ABORTION,  A bor'tue,  Abor'eue,  Abo^eio,  Dy+ 
to'cia  aborti'ra,  Omoto'cia,  Paracye'tie  abortuH, 
Amblo'eie,  Amblo'ma,  Atnbloe'mvs,  Ec'bvle,  Em~ 
bryotoc'ia,  Diaph'thora,  Ectro'eU,  Exam  bio' ma, 
Examblo'eie,  Ectroe'moe,  Apopalle'eie,  Apopal'eie, 
Apoph'thora,  Phthora,  Convul'eio  u'teri,  lhper- 
di'tio.  ( F. )  A  ffortement,Ble»eure,  Miscarriage,  from 
ab  and  oriri,  '  to  rise,'  applied  to  that  which  has 
arisen  out  of  season.   The  expulsion  of  the  foetus 
before  the  seventh  month  of  utero-gestation,  or 
before  it  is  viable.    The  causes  of  this  accident 
are  referrible  either  to  the  mother,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  uterus;  or  to  the  foetus  and  its  de- 
pendencies.   The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be : 
—extreme  nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility, 
plethora ;  faulty  conformation,  Ac. ;  and  it  is  fre- 
quently induced  immediately  by  intense  mental 
emotion,  violent  exercise,  £0.   The  causes  seated 


ABORTIVE 


37 


ABSINTHITRS 


In  the  fcatus  are  its  death,  rapture  of  the  mem- 
branes, Ac.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  8th  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are : — uterine  hemorrhage  with 
•r  without  flakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  When  abortion  has  once  token  place,  it  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  pregnancies 
about  the  same  period.  Some  writers  hare  called 
abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to  three  months, 
Effluxion.  The  treatment  mut>t  vary  according  to 
the  constitution  of  the  patient  and  the  causes  giv- 
ing rise  to  it  In  all  cases,  the  horizontal  posture 
and  perfect  quietude  are  indispensable. 

Abortion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product  of 
an  untimely  birth, — Abortus,  Abor'au*,  ApobW- 
ma,  Apob'ole,  Ecblo'ma,  Amblothrid'ian,  Eetro'ma, 
Fruc'tu*  immatu'ruif  Abortment.  (F.)  Avorton, 
Arortxn. 

TO  ABORT,  Abori'ri.  To  miscarry.  (F.)Arorter. 

ABOR'TIYE,  Aborti'vu*,  Ecbol'iue,  Amblo'ti- 
eu»,  Amblothrid'ium,  Ambol'icu*,  PhthorJ\UM,  Apo- 
phtho^ius,  Ectrot'icusy  Aborti/a' cien»t  Aeyte*- 
rtttt,  Expel' lent,  Phthtroc' tonus ,  Phthoroc'Umus, 
Ecbol'icw,  Contractor  u'tcri,  Accelerator  Partto, 
Parturient,  ParUtrifa'cient,  Ecbolie.  (F.)  Abor- 
tif.  A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the  pro- 
perty of  causing  abortion.  There  is  probably 
no  direct  agent  of  the  kind. 

ABORTMENT,  Abortion. 

ABORTUS,  Abortion. 

ABOUCHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 

ABOULAZA,  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used,  ac- 
cording to  Flacourt,  in  the  practice  of  the  coun- 
try, in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

ABOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 

ABRABAX,  Abramx,  Abraxas.  A  mystic 
term,  expressing  the  number  365,  to  which  the 
Cabalists  attributed  miraculous  properties. 

ABRACAD A'BRA :  the  name  of  a  Syrian 
Idol,  according  to  Scldcn.  This  word,  when 
pronounced  and  repeated  in  a  certain  form  and 
a  certain  number  of  times,  was  supposed  to  have 
the  power  of  curing  fevers  and  preventing  many 
diseases.  It  was  figured  on  amulets  and  worn 
suspended  around  the  nock. 

1*3*1X31*    * 
*  3  *  3*  3  1  * 

nix 

3  i  x 

i  x 

it 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistio  term  to  which  the 
Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the  word 
Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABRA'SION,  Abra'rio,  Apotyr'ma,  Apoxyt'- 
*!«•,  from  abradere,  (aft  and  radere,)  'to  rasp/ 
A  superficial  excoriation,  with  loss  of  substance, 
under  the  form  of  small  ihreda,  in  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines, — (F.)  Raclure*  de» 
Boyaux.  Also,  an  ulceration  of  the  skin,  pos- 
sessing similar  characters.  According  to  Vicq 
d'Asyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs. 

ABRATHAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum, 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABRJSVIATWN,  Abbreviation. 

ABB IOO  T,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,     Artemisia    abrotanum  — a. 


Cathium,  Artemisia  abrotanum— a.  Mas,  Arte, 
misia  abrotanum. 

ABROTONI'TES,  (•<«*,  'wine,'  understood.) 
Wine  impregnated  with  Artemisia  Abrotanum  or 
Southernwood. 

ABROTOXUM,  Artemisia  Abrotanum. 

ABRUPTIO,  Abduction. 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  Ziq'uorice  J?iwa, 
Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  A  small  ornamental  shrub, 
found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  won  as  in  Egypt 
and  the  West  Indies;  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosar. 
Sex.  Syt.  Monadelphia  enneandria;  having  beau- 
tiful scarlet  seeds  with  a  black  spot  The  roots 
and  leaves  are  sweet  mucilaginous  demulcents. 
The  seeds  of  the  American  kind  are  considered 
to  be  purgative  and  poisonous. 

ABSCESS,  from  abeeedo,  (ao#,  and  cedere,)  *  I 
depart,'  or  '  separate  from.*  Alices' *u*,  Abtcet'- 
9to,  Apkiste'tit,  Apotte'ma,  Eepye'ma,  £7cpye'o>, 
Recetfrut,  Impot'tkume.  (F.)  Abcet,  Depot.  A  col- 
lection of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  result  of  a  morbid 
process.     See  Progenia,  and  Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms  for 
Abscesses. 

ABO&S  CHAUD,  AIGV,  SOUDA1N,  is  one 
which  follows  violent  inflammation. 

ABCiS  FROID,  OHRONIQZ'E,  SGROFU- 
LEUX,  one  which  is  the  result  of  chronic  or 
scrofulous  inflammation. 

ABViS  PAR  CONGESTION,  A.  diatki- 
*io««,  a  symptomatic  abscess;  one  which  occurs 
in  a  part  at  a  distance  from  the  inflammation  by 
which  it  is  occasioned:  e.  g.  a  lumbar  abtceta; 
in  which  the  inflammation  may  be  in  the  lumbar 
vertebra,  whilst  the  pus  exhibits  itself  at  the 
groin. 

Abscess,  Metastatic,  AbeceJau*  metaitat'* 
icue,  (F.)  Abrie  mftastatique ;  A.  con*tcutif,  an 
abscess,  which  forms  suddenly,  and  sometimes 
without  any  precursory  signs  of  inflammation,  in 
a  part  of  the  body  remote  from  one  in  a  state 
of  suppuration,  and  without  presenting  a  suffi- 
cient reason  for  its  development  in  the  place 
which  it  occupies.  It  is  a  consequence  of  phle- 
bitis. 

Absciss,  Perforator  or  tub  1>kg,  see 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the— a,  Psoas,  Lum- 
bar abscess — a.  Retropharyngeal,  see  Retropha- 
ryngeal. 

AB8CE88U8  CAPITIS  SAHOmTErS  NEONATORUM, 

Cephalsematoma — a.  Cerebri,  Enccphalopyo*is— 
a.  Qangrsonescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangnenopus, 
Anthrax — a.  Lacteus,  Mastodynia  apostematoya 
— a.  Lumborum,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mamma?, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Metastaticus,  Ab- 
scess, metastatic — a.  Nucleatus,  Furun cuius — a. 
Oouli,  Hypopyon — a.  Pectoris,  Empyema — a. 
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema — a.  Renalis,  Ne- 
phrapostasis — a.  Spirituosus,  Anourism — a.  Tho- 
racis, Empyema — a.  Urinosus,  U rap o sterna. 

ABSCISSIO  PRjEPUTII,  Circumcision. 

ABSCIS'SION,  AbaeWio,  AUcWsio,  from  ab- 
adder*  or  abtcindere,  'to  cut  off/  Apac'opt, 
Apothrau'iia,  Diac'opi.  Excision  or  extirpation 
of  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

Fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts,  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 

Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 

Sudden  and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCONSIO,  Sinus. 

ABSENCE  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRB, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHI'TES,  <nfi»$tnK,  Aprinthi't**,Wm* 
impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Wormwood.— 
Dioscorides. 


ABSINTHIUM 


38 


ACAJOU 


ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium— a.  Marinum,  Artemisia  maritima — a. 
Maritimum,  Artemisia  maritima— a.  Ponticum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Romanum,  Artemisia  pon- 
tica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica — a. 
Vulgare,  Artemisia  absinthium. 

ABSORBANT,  Absorbent 

ABSOR'BENT,  Absor'bens,  from  absorbere,  (ab 
and  sorbere,)  'to  drink,  to  suck  up.'  (P.)  Ab- 
sorbant.    That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  System  is  the  collection  of  vessels, 
Vasa  absorben'tia  sen  resorben' 'tia,  and  glands, 
which  concur  in  the  exercise  of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  Ac  In- 
vert en*  t  Besor'bcns,  Sat'urans. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
Ac,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSOBPTIO,  Absorption  — a.  Sanguinis, 
Hsemorrhophesis. 

ABSORP'TION,  Resorp'tio,  Inhala'tio,  Im- 
bibC'tio,  Absorp'tio,  Anar'rhophi,  Anarrophe'sis, 
Catapino' sis,  RhoSbde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis,  Qa- 
tar1 rhophe  ;  same  etymon.  The  function  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels,  by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up 
substances  from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two 
great  divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function. 
1.  External  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  com- 
position, which  obtains  from  without  the  organs 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition; 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 
the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the 
exhalants. 

By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surface  of  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into  cu- 
taneous— resorp'tio  cuta'nea  seu  cutis,  inkala'tio 
cutis, — intestinal  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary  or 
respiratory. 

Internal  absorption  is  also  subdivided  into, 

1.  Molecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive,  organic,  or 
decomposing,  which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the 
materials  that  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decompo- 
sition is  always  in  equilibrio  with  the  deposition. 

2.  The  absorption  of  recrementitial  secreted  fluids, 
such  as  the  fluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia, 
Ac.  As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  on  surfaces 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug- 
ment indefinitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which  they 
are  deposited.  3.  The  absorption  of  a  part  of  the 
excrementitial  fluids,  as  they  pass  over  the  excre- 
tory passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition  of 
the  body  immediately.  It  merely  prepares  the 
fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  secretory 
organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are  the 
veins  and  ehyliferous  vessels;  of  internal  absorp- 
tion, probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  ehylife- 
rous vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  always 
found  to  possess  the  same  general  properties. 
In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elaboration  or 
selection  must  have  taken  place.  The  veins,  on 
the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert  no  selection.  Any 
fluid,  possessing  the  necessary  tenuity,  passes 
through  the  coats  of  the  vessel  readily  by  imbibi- 
tion, and  proceeds  along  with  the  torrent  of  the 
circulation.  Watery  fluids  in  this  manner  enter 
the  blood  when  they  are  taken  into  the  stomach. 
Substances  that  require  digestion,  on  the  other 


hand,  must  pass  through  the  ehyliferous  vessels 
and  thoracic  duct. 

Absorption  or  Composition,  see  Absorption— 
a.  Cutaneous,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Decomposi- 
tion, see  Absorption — a.  Digestive,  see  Absorp- 
tion— a.  External,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Excre- 
mentitial  Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a. 
Internal,  see  Absorption — a.  Intestinal,  see  Ab- 
sorption— a.  Interstitial,  see  Absorption — a.  Mole- 
cular, see  Absorption — a.  Nutritive,  see  Absorption 
—a.  Organic,  see  Absorption — a.  Pulmonary,  see 
Absorption — a.  of  Recrementitial  Secreted  Fluids, 
see  Absorption— a.  Respiratory,  see  Absorption. 

ABSTltME,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  AbstJmiuS,  AoVnos,  from  abs, 
'without,'  and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.)  Abstimc. 
Used  by  the  ancient  writers,  as  well  as  by  the 
French,  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots;  one  who 
abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  liquors  in  ge- 
neral. 

ABSTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSIVA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSORIA,  Detergents. 

AB'STINENCE,  Abstinen' tia,  from  abs,  'from/ 
and  tenere,  'to  hold/  Abros'ia,  Asit'ia,  Liman'- 
chia,  Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually 
voluntary,  as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from 
pleasure,  abstinence  from  drink,  Ac  It  is  more 
particularly  used  to  signify  voluntary  privation  of 
certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful  re- 
medial agent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly  in 
those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia — C.  Absus — which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of  which, 
pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered  sugar  have 
been  employed,  in  form  of  a  dry  collyrium,  in  the 
endemic  ophthalmia  of  Egypt. 

ABU'LIA ;  from  a,  'privative/  and 0ov\n,  'will.' 
Loss  of  the  will,  or  of  volition. 

ABU'LICUS;  same  etymon.  One  who  has  lost 
the  power  of  will  or  of  volition. 

ABTJS  DE  SOI-MJZmB,  Masturbation. 

ABUTA,  Pareira  brava. 

ABU'TILON  CORDA'TUM,  Sida  abutilon, 
Yellow  mallow.  An  indigenous  plant,  common 
from  Canada  to  Mexico,  which  resembles  common 
mallow  in  its  medical  virtues,  being  mucilaginous 
and  demulcent. 

ABVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuation  of  any  kind. 

ACACIA,  (Ph. U.S.)  Acacia?  gummi— a.  Cate- 
chu, Catechu — a.  False,  Robinia  pseudo-acacia— 
a.  Germanica,  see  Prunus  spinosa — a.  Girafiso,  see 
Accaci®  gummi — a.  Horrida,  see  Acacia?  gummi 
— a.  Indica,  Tamarindus — a.  Nilotic*,  see  Acaci» 
gummi — a.  Nostras,  see  Prunus  spinosa* — a.  Sene- 
gal, see  Acacias  gummi — a.  Vera,  see  Acacia)  gum- 
mi— a.  Zeylonica,  Hssmatoxylon  Campechianum. 

ACACIJS  GUMMI,  Aca'cia,  from  «m,  'a 
point/  so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines,  O. 
Aca'cim  Arab'icm,  0.  Arab'icum,  0.  Acanth'inum, 
Q.  Levcitm,  0.  Theba'icum,  0.  Serapio'nis,  O. 
Lamac,  0.  Senega,  or  Seneca,  (see  Senegal,  gum,) 
Gum  Arabic.  (F.)  Gomme  Arabique.  The  gum 
of  the  Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa  Nilot'ica,  Aca'cia  vera, 
Spina  JSgyptiaca,  of  Upper  Egypt,  Xat.  Ord. 
Mimosess.  Sex..  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoecia.  It 
is  in  irregular  pieces,  colourless  or  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour,  hard,  brittle,  of  a  shining  fracture, 
transparent,  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  s.  g.  1*4317. 

It  is  mucilaginous ;  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered  alone 
as  a  demulcent 

Acacia  Horrida  and  A.  Oirajfa,  of  South  Afri- 
ca, vield  a  good  gum. 

AOAJOU,  Anacardium  occidentals. 


AOAMATUS 


ACCIDENTAL 


Acajtba  OrncxvAxu,  Anacardium  occiden- 
tal*. 

Acal'yphaVirqih'ica,  Tkree-eeeded  wker'cury. 
Order,  Euphorbiaceai,  indigenous,  flowering  in 
August,  U  said  to  have  expectorant  and  diuretic 
properties. 

ACAM'ATUS,  from  «,  priv.,  and  tapvm,  'I  la- 
bour/ This  word  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
a  good  constitution  of  the  body.  According  to 
Galen,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a  limb  is 
intermediate  between  flexion  and  extension;  a 
position  which  may  be  long  maintained  without 
fatigue. 

ACAMPSIA,  Contractura. 

ACANOS,  Onopordiom  acanthium. 

Acaxob  Spina,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

AC  ANT  HA,  Vertebral  column.  Also,  Spinous 
process  of  a  vertebra. 

ACANTHAB'OLUS,  Acan'thulue,  VoUeVla, 
from  orarfa,  'a  spine/  and  /SoAam,  '  I  oast  out' 
A  kind  of  forceps  for  removing  extraneous  sub- 
stances from  wounds. — Paulus  of  JSgina,  Fabri- 
ciua  ab  Aquapendente,  Scultetus,  Ac. 

ACANTHALZUCA,  Echinops. 

ACANTHE  FAUS3E,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHULUS,  Acanthabolos. 

ACANTHUS  MOLLIS,  same  etymon  as  Aca- 
cia, MelampkyFlum,  Branca  urti'na  sen  vera, 
Branlcur'eine,  Bear's  Breech,  (F.)  Pied  anour$. 
This  plant  is  mucilaginous  like  Althssa,  and  is 
used  as  a  demulcent 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longum. 

ACAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rep &«,  'the 
heart'    The  state  of  a  foetus  without  a  heart 

ACARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

AC'ARICIDB,  from  acarve,  and  cadere,  'to 
kilL'  A  destroyer  of  aeari, —  as  of  the  aoarus 
•cabies. 

ACARICOBA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  £Ty- 
drocotfyli  umbella'tum,  used  by  the  Indians  as 
an  aromatic,  alexipharmic,  and  emetic 

ACARON,  Myrica  gale. 

ACARP'uE,  from  a,  'privative/  and  mst**, 
'fruit'  A  division  of  the  family  of  cutaneous 
diseases  by  Fuchs,  in  which  there  U  no  "fruit," 
(Germ.  Fruckt,)  or  production  from  the  cutane- 
ous surface  —  tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules. 
Lentigo,  Chloasma,  Argyria,  and  Pityriasis  be- 
long to  it 

AC'ARUS,  from  «,  privative,  and  itapnt,  'di- 
visible.' A  minute  Insect,  one  species  of  which 
has  been  noticed  by  several  observers,  in  the 
itch.    The  Acaru*  Scabiei,  see  Psora. 

Acarus  Cibo,  see  Psora  —  a.  Comedonum, 
Aoarus  FoUiculorum.  » 

Ac'abub  Cros'sbl.  An  insect  supposed  by 
Mr.  Crosse,  of  England,  to  have  been  developed 
in  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potassa  when  submitted 
to  slow  galvanic  action,  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing crystals  of  silex.  It  did  not,  however,  prove 
to  be  a  new  formation. 

Acarub  Folliculo'ruv,  Entozo'on  Folliculo'- 
rum,  A.  Oomedo'num,  JOe'tnodex  folliculo'rum, 
Simo'nea  folliculo'rum,  Steatoto'on  folliculo'rum, 
Macroyae'ter  plat'ypu*.  An  articulated  animal- 
cule, discovered  in  the  sebaceous  substance  of  the 
cutaneous  follicles.  According  to  Professor  Owen, 
it  belongs  to  the  Arachnida. 

Acarus  Scabiei,  Acarus,  see  Psora. 

ACATALEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kara- 
Xau$aw»,  'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in  dia- 
gnosis.   Its  opposite  is  Catalepsia.— -Galen. 

ACAtAP'OSIS,  from  a  privative,  and  tare- 
sent,  'deglutition.'  Incapacity  of  swallowing. 
Togel  has  given  this  name  to  difficulty  of  deglu- 
tition. * 


ACATASTAT'IC,  Aeataetaficue,  from  «,  priv* 
and  Kaharnut,  'to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  Ac,  when  irregular  in  their  periods  or 
symptoms. — Hippocrates. 

ACATHAR'SIA,  from  «,  priv.,  and  «a£«<p<$», 
'I  purge;'  Sordee,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a  pur- 
gative— Focsius. 

ACATSJAVAL'LI,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.  A  bath  of  it  is  used  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Caaeytka  filiformie  of  Linnaeus. 

ACAWERIA,  Ophioxylum  scrpentinum. 

ACCABLEMEXT,  Torpor. 

ACQ&L&RA  TEUR,  Accelerator  urinsD. 

ACCELERATOR  PARTUS,  Abortive 

Accklkra'tob  Uri'n*,  Bulbo-eaverno'eu*,  Bui- 
ho-ur4tral  —  ( Ch. )  Ejacula'tor  Sememe,  Bulbo- 
•yndenmo-eavemeuz.  (F.)  AecUeratewr,  from  ad 
and  celery  'quick.'  A  muscle  of  the  penis,  which 
arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter  ani  and  mem- 
branous part  of  the  urethra,  and  tendinous  froaa 
the  cms  and  beginning  of  the  corpus  cavernosum 
penis.  In  its  course  it  forms  a  thin,  fleshy  layer, 
the  inferior  fibres  of  which  run  more  transversely 
than  the  superior,  which  descend  in  an  oblique 
direction ;  the  muscles  of  both  sides  completely 
enclosing  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  It  is  inserted 
into  its  fellow  by  a  tendinous  line  running  longi- 
tudinally on  the  middle  of  the  bulb.  Its  mm  is  to 
propel  the  urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonue  vocie,  from  ad  and  canere, 
cantum,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of  the 
voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping  it  on 
oertain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in  dis- 


ACCliSt,  Paroxysm. 

AOCES'SION.  Accee'rio,  from  aeeedo,  (ad  and 
eedere,)  'I  approach.'  The  invasion,  approach, 
or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

A  COESSOIRE,  Accessory— «.  du  long  Flfchi*- 
§eur  commun  dee  orteilt:  see  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius}-— 
a.  de  VObturateur  interne,  Ischio-trochanterianus 
— a.  du  pied  d'Hippocampe:  see  Cornu  ammonis 
—a,  du  Saero-hmbaire :  see  Sacro-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a.  Pedis 
hippocampi; — see  Cornu  ammonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Aoeeeeo'riue,  (F.)  Aeeeeeoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  Ac 

Accessory  of  the  Parot'id  is  a  name  given 
by  Haller  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompaniet 
the  parotid  duot,  and  is  commonly  a  mere  pro- 
longation of  the  parotid  itself.    See  Parotid. 

Accessory  Sciences  to  Mbdicinb  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  of 
man  in  a  state  of  health  or  disease;  as  physics, 
chemistry,  Ac 

Accessory  ot  thk  Par  Vaottv,  Spinal  nerve. 

The  term  aeceeeory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma— o.  Oquecutif;  Con- 
secutive  phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ac'eidene,  ttomaecidere,  (arfand 
cadere,)  'to  happen.'  A  casualty;  an  unforeseen 
event  The  Frenoh  use  the  term  in  nearly  the 
same  sense  as  •ymptom.  It  means  also  an  unex- 
pected symptom. 

ACCIDENTAL,  Adv<mti"tiou*.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  Frenoh  give  the  name  Ti—u*  accidentelet 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  are  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process. 


ACCIPITER 


£ 


ACETAS 


ACCIP'ITER,  Hi'erax,  \tpa^,  'the  hawk/  from 
accipere  (ad  and  capio,)  'to  take/  Menec'ratU 
Accip'iter.  (F.)  Epervier.  A  bandage  applied 
over  the  nose,  bo  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

ACCLI'MATED,  Clima'ti  ataue'tue,  (from  ad 
and  clima.)  A  word  of  recent  introduction  from 
the  French,  which  means  'accustomed  to  a  cli- 
mate.' 

AGGLIMA  TEMENT,  Acclimation. 

ACCLIMATION,  Seasoning.  (F.)  AccKmate- 
menu  The  act  of  becoming  acclimated,  or  accus- 
tomed to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to  live 
in  another  and  a  very  different  climate,  usually 
experiences  changes,  which  are  frequently  of  an 
unfavourable  character,  and  the  study  of  which 
is  of  considerable  importance  in  medicine. 

ACCOM'PANIMENT,  Adjun'ction.  (F.)  Ac 
eompagnement,  (compagnon,  'an  associate/)  That 
which  is  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract  is  a  whitish, 
viscid  substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the 
opake  crystalline,  and  remains  after  the  operation 
for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 

ACCOUOH&E,  Puerpera. 

ACCOUCHEMENT,  Parturition— a.  Labori- 
ous, Dystocia — a.  Contre  nature,  see  Presentation, 
preternatural — a.  Laborieux,  Laborious  labour. 

ACCOUCHEUR,  (F.)  Adju'tor  Partut,  Ob- 
»tefrican»,  0b8tetri"cius,  Maieu'ter,  Maicu'tet. 
He  who  practises  the  art  of  midwifery.  A  phyri- 
dan-Accoucheur,  a  Surgeon-Accoucheur,  a  Man- 
midwife,  Ac. 

A  CCO  UOHEUSE,  Midwife. 

ACCOUPLEMENT,  Coition. 

AOCOUTUMANCE,  Habit 

ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
ereecere,  'to  increase."  Augmentation;  also,  in- 
crease by  juxtaposition. 

ACCROISSEMENT,  Increase. 

ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 

ACE'DIA,  Incu'ria,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kydos,  'care.'  Want  of  care,  neglect.  Also,  fa- 
tigue.— Hippocrates. 

ACELLA,  Axilla. 

ACENINOSUS,  Curative. 

ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmaoognosia. 

ACEOLOGIA,  Materia  Medica, 

ACEPHALIA.  see  Acephalous. 

ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS,  from  a,  privative, 
ccfaAij,  'head/  and  foa^iM,  'arm.'  A  foetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPHALOCHrRUS,  from  a,  privative,  «- 
4a\rt,  'head/  and  gap,  'hand.'  A  foetus  without 
head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCYST,  Acephalocy$'ti;  from  a, 
privative,  KtfaXn,  'head/  and  marts,  'bladder.' 
A  hydatiform  vesicle,  without  head  or  visible 
organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Entosoa,  although 
possessed  of  few  animated  characteristics.  In  no 
organ  of  the  body  are  acephalocysts  so  frequently 
found  as  in  the  liver.  Generally  it  is  the  'mul- 
tiple acephalocyst/  A.  tocia'li*  seu  prolif'era, 
which  is  met  with.  At  times,  however,  it  is  the 
'solitary  acephalocyst,'  A.  eremi'ta  seu  eter'ili*. 

The  acephalocystU  endog"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  different  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
are  thrown  off  from  the  interior  of  the  parent 
cyst  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
dogena,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  A,  exog"ena 
of  ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
are  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicle. — See  Hydatid. 

ACEPHALOGAS'TER,  AthoracocepValue, 
from  «  privative,  ce^oAir,  'head,'  and  ya<m\py  'the 
belly.'  A  name  given  to  monsters  devoid  of  head. 


chest,  and  abdomen ;  or  to  those  which  hare  an 
abdomen,  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEPHALOS'TOMA,  from  a  privative,  KsfaXn, 
'head/  and  eroua, '  mouth.'  An  acephalous  foetus, 
at  the  upper  part  of  which  there  is  an  opining 
resembling  a  mouth. 

ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,  from  a  privative, 
Kt^aXtj,  'head/ and  £u/)a£, '  chest,'  Apectoceph' alue. 
A  monster  devoid  of  head  or  chest 

ACEPH'ALOUS,  from  a  privative,  and  Kt<pd\t), 
'  head.'  A  monster  born  devoid  of  head.  The 
condition  is  called  Acepha'lia. 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  Palmifolittm,  A.  Sacoharinum. 

Acer  Sacchari'num,  A.  palmi/o'lium.  Maple, 
Sugar  Maple.  (F.)  JBrable.  This  tree  contains 
a  large  amount  of  sweet  sap,  whence  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  sugar  may  bo  extracted.  When 
purified,  this  sugar  can  scarcely  be  distinguished 
from  that  obtained  from  the  cane. — See  Saccha- 
rum. 

Acera'tes  Longipo'lia,  Long-leaved  green 
Milkweed;  Order,  Asclepiadaceae ;  indigenous, 
flowering  in  June  and  July ;  has  the  properties 
of  the  order.     See  Asclepias. 

ACERATO'SIS,  from  a  privative,  and  xcpas, 
'horn.'  Defective  development  of  the  corneous 
tissue. 

ACERB',  Acer' btts,  Stryphno*,  from  acer, 
'  sharp.'  A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the 
acid,  bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  with 
in  unripe  fruits,  Ac. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a  privative,  and  «/>*oj,  'a 
tail.'    A  monster  devoid  of  tail. — Gurlt 

ACE'RIDES,  Acero'dee,  from  a  privative,  and 
Knpost  '  wax.'    Plasters  devoid  of  wax. — Galen. 

ACERODES,  Acerides. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'dee,  PUhyrVnue,  from 
aj(ypov,  '  chaff.'  Fur/ura'ceoue.  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates,  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
flour  not  separated  from  the  chaff. — Foe'sius. 

ACERVULUS  CEREBRI.  See  Pineal  Gland 
— a.  Glandulus  Pinealis,  see  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CENCY,  Aceecen'tia,  from  acetcere,  'to 
grow  sour/  (any,  'a  point,'  acer,  '  sharp.')  A  dis- 
position to  acidity.  The  humourists  believed  that 
the  animal  humours  are  susceptible  of  this  change. 

ACESIA,  Cure. 

ACESIS,  Curation,  Cure,  Medicament 

ACES  MA,  Medicament 

ACESMIUS,  Curable. 

ACESMUS,  Cure. 

ACESODYNES,  Anodyne. 

ACESOPHORUS,  Curative. 

ACESTER,  Physician. 

ACESTIS,  Medicament 

ACES1DR,  Physician. 

ACESTORIA,  Medicine. 

ACESTORIS,  Midwife. 

ACESTOS,  Curable. 

ACESTRA,  Needle. 

ACESTRIA,  Midwife. 

ACESTRIS,  Midwife. 

ACESTRUM,  Medicament 

ACETA  MEDICATA,  Acetica. 

ACETABULA  UTERINA,  Cotyledons. 

ACETABULUM,  from  acetum,  'vinegar/  be- 
cause it  resembles  the  old  vinegar  vessel,  oxy» 
baphfion.  A  measure  capable  of  containing  the 
eighth  part  of  a  modern  pint  Athenscus.  Galen. 
See  Cotyloid.  According  to  Castelli,  the  lobes  or 
cotyledons  of  the  placentae  of  ruminating  animals 
have  been  so  called. 

Acetadttlttm,  Cotyle,  Cotyloid — a.  Humeri,  see 
Glenoid — a.  Marinum,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ACETA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  or 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 


ACETATE 


41 


ACHBJJL 


ACETATE,  Aortas.  A  salt  formed  by  the 
anion  of  the  acetio  acid  with  an  alkaline,  earthy, 
or  metallic  base.  The  acetates  chiefly  used  in 
medicine  are  the  acetates  of  ammonia,  lead, 
potash,  and  zinc 

ACB'TICA,  Ace'ta  Medica'ta.  (P.)  Vinaigres 
Midicinaux.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
vinegar. 

ACE'TICTJM  AC'IDUM,  Acidum  Ace'ticum 
for'tius,  A.  A.  forti,  A.  Ace'ticum  purum,  Ace' turn 
radiea'li,  Oxos,  Ace' t to  Acid,  Strong  Ace' tout 
Acid,  Acidum  Aceto' 'turn  forte,  Rad'ical  Vin'egar. 
Spir'itus  Ven'eris  (when  made  from  verdigris,) 
Spirit  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid, 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  receiv- 
ing the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a  very 
pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid  and 
acrid  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1.046,  and  it  is 
yery  volatile.  v 

It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  esoharotic,  and 
is  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia, 
headache,  Ac.    It  destroys  warts. 

An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ac"idum  Acef- 
Hcum  Oamphora'tum,  A.  aceto' turn  camphor a' turn, 
is  formed  of  this  strong  acid,  §vj,  Camphor,  Jss, 
OL  Oaryoph.  gtt  XV. 

A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  wood,  Improved  distilled  Vine- 
far,  Pyrolig'neous  Acid,  Ace' turn  Ligno'rum,  and 
its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
subcarbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  grains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac"idum  Ace'ticum  Dilu'tum,  A.  A.  ten'ui,  Ace*- 
turn  destilla'tum,  Acidum  ace'ticum,  Acidum  aceto'- 
turn  destilla'tum,  Acidum  ace'ticum  debiVius,  Bit- 
til' led  vin'egar,  (P.)  Acide  Acftique  faible,  Vi- 
naigre distilU,  is  prepared  by  distilling  vinegar, 
until  seven-eighths  have  passed  over.  An  Aci- 
dum aceticum  dilutum,  Diluted  acetic  acid,  is 
made  by  mixing  half  a  pint  of  the  strong  acetic 
add  with  five  pints  of  distilled  water.— Ph.  U.  S. 
Its  properties  are  like  those  of  vinegar. 

AcBTiafee'.  Martiaus,  Ferri  Acetas. 

ACETONE,  from  acetum,  'vinegar/  Spir'itus 
pyro-ace'ticus  liqno'sus,Pvro-ace'tic  spirit,  Pyro- 
ace'tie,  Ether,  MesWic  Alcohol,  Bi  hydrate  of 
Mesifylene;  erroneously  called  Naphtha  and 
Wood  Naphtha,  A  limpid,  colourless  liquid, 
having  a  peculiarly  penetrating  and  slightly  em- 
pyreumatio  odour.  Its  density  in  the  liquid  state, 
is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol,  0.7921.  Its 
taste  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous  to  that  of 
peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts  of 
crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  oi  quick- 
lime in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower 
part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay ;  and 
a  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
adapted  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the  lower 
part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the  vapours 
are  conducted  into  a  Liebig's  condenser.  The 
product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from  quicklime, 
until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at  132°. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis;  but  evidently  with  un- 
founded pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and  may 
be  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The  dose 
is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  diluted 
with  water. 

ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus  —  a. 
Nostras,  Rumex  acetosa — a.  Pratensis,  Rumex 
acetosa — a.  Romana,  Rumex  scutatus — a.  Ro- 
tnndifolia,  Rumex  scutatus  —  a.  Scutata,  Rumex 
.  Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa. 


ACETOSELLA,  OxaUi  aeetoaellt, 

ACE'TUM,  eivt,  Oxys,  Ace'tum  Vini,  A.  Brl- 
tan'nicum,  Common  Vinegar,  Acidum  aceto'sum, 
A'legar,  Ace' turn  Cerevis'ia,  (F.)  Vinaigre  ;  from 
axts,  'a  point,1  acer,  'sharp.'  A  liquor  obtained 
by  the  acetous  fermentation.  Vinegar  has  a  pun- 
gent odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid  taste.  One  fluid 
ounce  of  the  Acetum  of  the  United  States  Phar- 
macopoeia is  saturated  by  about  35  grains  of 
crystallized  bicarbonate  of  soda.  It  is  refrigerant 
in  fevers;  antiseptic,  and  anti-narcotio ;  and  ex- 
ternally is  stimulant  and  discutient 

Vinegar  Whey  is  made  by  stirring  a  small 
wineglassful  of  vinegar,  sweetened  with  a  dessert 
spoonful  of  sugar,  in  a  pint  of  milk  ;  boiling  for 
fifteen  minutes,  and  straining.  Like  tamarind 
whey  it  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  febrile  affections. 

Ace'tum  Aromat'icum,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Aro- 
mat'icum, Ace'tum  Theriaca'le,  A.  quatuorfurum, 
Thieves'  Vinegar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thieves, 
Marseilles  Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromatique, 
V.  des  quatre  voleurs,  (JRorismarin.  cacum.  #ice., 
FoL  Salvia  sing.  Jj.  Lavand.  Ror.  sice.  giv.  CVi- 
ryonh.  conL  7ss.  Acta*.  Acct.  Oy.  Macerate  7  days, 
and  filter. — Ph.  E.)  Odour,  pungent  and  aroma- 
tic    Used  as  a  perfume. 

Acetum  Britasniccv,  Acetum. 

Ace'tum  Canthab'idis,  Vinegar  of  Cantha- 
rides,  (Cantharid.  in  pulv.  Jiy.  Acta*,  acet.  f  jv., 
Acid,  pyrolign.  f  3*v :  Euphorb.  in  pulv.  crass. 
388.  Mix  the  acids ;  add  the  powders;  macerate 
tor  seven  days;  strain;  express  strongly,  and 
filter  the  liquor. — Ph.  E.  The  London  College 
macerates  cantharid.  Jij  in'  acid.  acet.  Oj.  for 
eight  days;  expresses  and  strains.)  It  is  used 
as  a  prompt  vesicant 

Ace'tum  Col'chici,  Vinegar  of  meadow  saffron, 
(Colchic.  rod.  contus.  3ij  ;  Acta,  acetic  dilut.  sen 
Acet.  deetiUat.  Oij ;  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.  It  may  also 
be  made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diu- 
retic, and  also  in  gout    Dose  f  £ss.  to  giss. 

Acetum  Destillatum  ;  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— a,  Lignorum :  see  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Mul- 
sum  dulce,  Oxyglycus — a.  Opii,  Guttxe  Nigra— 
a.  Quatuor  forum,  Aoetum  Aromaticum — a.  Ra- 
dicale,  Aceticum  Acidum — a.  Rosatum  Oxyrrho- 
dinon. 

Acetum  Scilljb,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  ScilM- 
ienm.  Vinegar  of  Squills,  (F.)  Vinaigre  scilli- 
tiaue,  (ScHUb  contus.  Jiv;  Acet.  destillat.  OJjj 
Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Dose 
f  gss  to  gij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant. 

Acetum  Theriacalk,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

ACEYTE  DE  SAL.  A  remedy  for  broncho- 
cele  used  hfS.  America.  Roulin  found  it  to  con- 
tain a  portion  of  iodine. 

ACHAGANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Poto&i  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick  and 
fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good  edi- 
ble, and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  country. 

ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa.  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

ACHAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  chamo- 
mile.— Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian  name 
of  Cineraria  maritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 

ACHAR,  Atchar. 

ACHE,  Apium  graveoleni — a.  des  Montagues, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACHEI'LIA,  Achi'lia,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yciX*;, 
'lip.'  A  malformation,  consisting  in  a  deficiency 
of  a  lip  or  lips. 

ACHEI'LUS,  Achi'lus,  same  etymon.  One 
who  is  without  lips. 

ACHEIR,  Achir,  De'manus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  gup,  'hand.'    One  dc  void  of  hands. — Galen. 


ACHBIRIA 


42 


AQXD 


ACHEI'RIA,  Achi'ria:  same  etymon.  The 
lUite  ef  being  devoid  of  hands. 

ACHEROIS,  Populue. 

AC  HI  A,  Achiar.  A  name  given  in  IndU  to 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 

Ac  u i a,  Atchar. 

ACIIIAR,  Achia, 

ACHIC'OLUM,  Achitolus,  Bidrote'rion,  Su- 
da'rium,  Fornix,  T  kolas,  Sudato'rium.  The 
sweating-room  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 

ACIIILIA,  AcheUia. 

ACHILLE'A  AGE'RATUM,  A.  Viseo'sa,  BaU 
eami'tafosmin'ea,  Eupato'rium  mes'ues,  Age'ra- 
tnm,  Cos' t  us  horto'rum  minor,  Maudlin,  Maudlin 
Tansey;  (F.)  AchiUie  Viequeuse;  NaL  Ord. 
Composite ;  Sub.  Ord.  AnthemidesB ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  superflua, — has  the  same 
properties  as  tansey,  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  is 
used  in  like  affections. 

Achille'a  Atra'ta,  Herba  Oen'ipi  veri,  (F.) 
Achillte  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Achille'a  Millefolium,  Achille'a  Myrio- 
phyl'lon,  Chrysoc'oma,  Millefolium,  ChiliophyV- 
lon,  Lumbus  Ven'eris,  Oommon  Yarrow  or  Mil- 
foil, (F.)  Mille/euille.  The  leaves  and  flowers 
nave  an  aromatic  smell,  and  a  rough,  bitterish, 
somewhat  pungent  taste.  They  have  been  used 
in  dyspepsia,  flatulence,  Ac  An  extract  of  the 
plant,  made  with  proof  spirit,  has  been  called 
AchUUVnum;  and  is  used  by  the  Italians  in  in- 
termittent fever. 

Achille'a  Ptar'mica,  Pscudo-py'rethrum, 
Py'rethrum  sylves'tre,  Draco  eylves'tris,  Tarchon 
sylveetris,  Sternutamcnto'ria,  Lracun' cuius  Pro- 
ten' sis,  Sneeze-wort,  Bastard  Pel 'litory,  Ptar'mica. 
(F.)  Herbe  d  iternuer.  The  roots  and  flowers 
have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  approaching  that  of  py- 
rethrum.  Their  principal  use  is  as  a  masticatory 
and  sialogogue. 

Achillea  Vibcosa,  A.  Agcratum. 

ACHILLAS  NOIRE,  Aohillea  atrata—a. 
Visqueme,  Achillea  ageratum. 

ACHILLEINUM,  see  Achillea  Millefolium. 

ACHILLE'IS.  A  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned  by  Theophrastus  and  Galen,  called 
after  Achilles,  a  labourer.  The  decoction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. — Hippocrates. 

ACHIL'LIS  TENDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
Corda  sen  Chorda  Hippoc'ratis,  Corda  magna, 
Nervus  lotus,  (F.)  Tendon  d'Achille.  The  strong 
tendon  of  the  gastrocnemii  muscles  above  the 
heel :  so  called,  because  it  was  the  only  vulnera- 
ble part  of  Achilles,  or  because  of  iU  strength. 
See  Tendon. 

ACHILU8,  Acheilus. 

ACHIMBASSL  An  arohiater  or  chief  of  phy- 
sicians. A  name  given,  at  Grand  Cairo,  to  a 
magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 

ACHIR,  Aoheir. 

ACHIRIA,  Acheiria. 

ACHITOLUS,  Aohicolom, 

ACHLYS,  Caligo. 

ACHMELLA,  Spilanthus  aemella. 

ACHNE.  Lint  See  Linteum.  Also,  small 
mucous  flooculi  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

ACHOL'IA,  from  *  privative,  and  goX*  *  bile/ 
Deficiency  or  want  of  bile. 

ACH'OLUS :  same  etymon.    One  deficient  in 
bile. 
'   ACHOR,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

^aCHO'RES.  A  term  often  employed  by  the 
ancients  to  designate  both  crusta  lac' tea,  and 
■mall  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
face  and  head.    See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

Achores  Capitis,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

ACHORION  6CH0NLEINL  See  Porrigo  fa- 
vosa. 


ACHORIS'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  gtfpfo  '1 
separate.'  Any  sign  which  necessarily  accompa- 
nies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACUOUROU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  species 
of  myrtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHRAS  AUSTRALIS,  Sapota—a.  Sapota, 
Sapota — a.  Zapota,  Sapota. 

ACHROI,  Achromatic  ti,  Achro'mati,  Achro'mi, 
from  o,  privative,  and  ^pwu,  '  colour.'  Pale  indi- 
viduals.— Hippocrates.  It  is  nearly  synonymous 
with  \ci<paipoi,  leiphit'mia,  persons  without  colour; 
bloodloss. 

ACHROMASIA,  Decoloration. 

ACHROMATI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMAT'IC,  Achromatic** ;  same  etymon. 
A  lens,  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the  aberration 
of  refrangibility  of  oommon  lenses,  is  so  termed. 
The  Crystalline  is  an  achromatio  lens. 

ACHROMATISTI,  Achroi. 

A  C  H  R  0  M A  TOPSIA,  Chromatopseiidop'sia, 
Ohromatometablep'sia,  Dyschromatop' sia,  Para* 
chro'ma,  Parora'sis,  Vitus  de' color,  Colour  blind- 
ness, Idiop'tcy,  Dal'tonism,  from  a,  privative,  XP"~ 
fta,  *  colour,'  and  onrouat,  'I  see.'  Incapability  of 
distinguishing  colours ,'  a  defect  situate  in  the  ce- 
rebral part  of  the  visual  organ.  Persons  so  cir- 
cumstanced have  been  termed  by  Mr.  Whewell, 
Idiopts.    See  Acyanoblepsia  and  Anerythropsit* 

ACHROMI,  Achroi. 

ACHYLO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  xv*°*> 
'juice,  chyle.'  Defective  obylosis  or  formation 
of  chyle. 

ACHYMO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  gupo* 
'juice,  chyme.'    Defective  ehymincation. 

ACHYRODES,  Aoerosus. 

ACIIYRON,  Furfur. 

A'CIA,  from  ants,  a  point  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puzzled  commentators,— some 
believing  it  to  have  meant  a  needle ;  others  the 
thread;  and  others,  again,  the  kind  of  suture. 
"  Acta  mollis,  non  nimis  toria." — Celsus,  Galen. 
(Chiffiet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread. — Antwerp, 
1638.) 

ACID,  Ac"idusf  Oxys.  (F.)  AcidtyMgre,  from 
atit,  'a  point;'  sharp;  sour;  especially  as  ap- 
plied to  odorous  or  sapid  snbstanoes.  The  French 
also  use  the  term  aigre,  when  referring  to  the 
voice,  in  the  sense  of  sharp  and  shrill:— as  uns 
voix  aigre,  vox  aspera. 

Acid,  Acetic,  Aeeticum  acidum  —  a.  Acetic, 
dilute,  see  Aeeticum  acidum. 

Acid,  Acetous,  Strong,  Aeeticum  acidum 
—  a.  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Antimonioua, 
Antimonium  diaphoretioum — a.  Arsenious,  Arse* 
nicum  album— a.  Auric,  see  Gold — a.  Azotic,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Bensoie,  Benjamin,  flowers  of — a. 
Boric,  Boracie  acid — a.  Calcareous,  Carbonic  acid 
— a.  Carbonaceous,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Carbonous, 
Oxalic  acid— a.  Chromic,  see  Chromic  acid— a. 
Citric,  Citric  acid — a.  Cyanhydric,  Hydrocyanic 
acid — a.  Cyanohydrie,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a> 
Gastric,  Gastric  juioe.  ' 

Acid,  Gallic,  Ac"idum  QaU'ieum.  (F.)  Acid* 
Oallique.  This  acid  is  found  in  most  of  the  astrin- 
gent plants  that  contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind 
obtained  from  galls.  It  is  in  delicate  silky  nee- 
dles, usually  somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  harsh,  somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dis- 
solves in  one  hundred  parts  of  cold  and  three 
parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, and  but  slightly  so  in  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs  and 
uterus.    Dose  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 

The  last  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851)  directs  it  to  be  made  by  exposing  a  thin 
paste  of  powdered  galls  and  distilled  water  for  a 
month,  adding  the  water  from  time  to  time  to  pre- 


ACIDS  ACiTIQUE  FAIBLB  4S 


AdDUM  ACETICUM 


serve  the  consistence;  expressing  the  paste;  boil- 
tog  the  residue  in  distilled  water;  filtering  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  crystallising. 

Aero,  Hippu'ric,  Ac"idum  ffippu'ricum,  Uro- 
bcn'zoio  acid.  An  acid  found  in  the  urine  of  gra- 
miniTorou8  animals.  It  is  contained  in  human 
urine,  especially  after  bensoio  add  has  been  taken. 
Bee  Hippuria. 

Acid,  Hydriod'ic,  Ac"idum  Bydriod'icum, 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
Of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  liquor 
to  separate  the  bitartrate  of  potasan,  and  adding 
water  to  make  the  resulting  hydriodio  acid  of  de- 
finite strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely  em- 
ployed. 

Acid,  Htdbochloronitric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
—a.  Hydrocyanic,  Hydrocyanic  acid— -a.  Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
sulphuric,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Hydrothi- 
onic,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Igasuric:  see 
Jatropha  curcas. 

Acid,  Iodic,  Ac"idum  Tod'ieum,  fF.)  Acide 
Iodique.  This  is  obtained  by  boiling  iodine 
with  nitric  acid;  or  by  decomposing  iodate  of 
baryta  by  dilute  eulphurie  arid.  It  is  a  white, 
transparent  solid,  slightly  deliquescent,  and  very 
soluble  in  water.  It  has  boen  given  with  sulphate 
of  quinia  in  hoarseness,  scrofula,  incipientphtbisis, 
ohronic  inflammation,  syphilis,  Ac.  Dose  three  to 
six  grains,  or  more. 

Acid  op  Lemons,  Citrio  acid — a.  Lithic,  Uric 
acid  —  a.  Dephlogisticated  marine,  Chlorine  — 
a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  of  Milk,  Lactio 
acid  —  a.  Muriatic,  see  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a. 
Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a.  Ni- 
tric, see  Nitrio  acid — a.  Nitric,  dilute,  see  Nitric 
Acid — a.  Nitro-hydrochloric,  Nitro-muriatio  acid 
— a.  Nitro-Muriatic,  see  Nitro-Muriatie  Acid — a. 
Nitrous,  dephlogisticated,  Nitrio  acid— a.  Oxysep- 
tonic,  Nitrio  acid— a.  Polygalio:  see  Polygala  se- 
nega— a.  Prussic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Pyrollg- 
neous :  see  Aceticum  acidum— a.  Pyroli^nio,  Py- 
roligneous  acid — a.  of  Sorrel,  Oxalic  acid — a.  of 
Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphuric,  see  Sulphuric 
acid — a.  Tannic,  Tannin — a.  Uric,  Uric  acid — a, 
Urobensoic,  A.  Hippurio— a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide — 
a.  Urylio,  Uric  acid — a.  Ckromique,  Chromic  add. 

ACIDE  AOiTIQUE  FAIBLE,  see  Aceticum 
acidum — a.  JBoraeique,  Boracio  acid — a,  Ckro- 
mique, Chromic  acid  — a.  Oallique,  Add,  gallic 
—  a.  Hydrocyaniaue,  Hydrocyanic  add  —  a. 
Hydroeulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted  —  a. 
Iodique,  Add,  iodic — a,  Lactique,  Lactic  add— 
o.  Atitrique,  Nitrio  add— «.  Phoephorique,  Phos- 
phoric add — a.  Prueeique,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Sulfureux,  Sulphurous  add — a.  Sul/urique,  Sul- 
phuric add — a.  Sutfurique  delayf,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  dilutum — a.  Tannique,  Tannin. 

ACIDITATIO,  Acidities. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'ree,  Acidita'tio,  Ac"idum 
morbo'tum,  Ac"idum  prima' rum  via' rum,  Oxytee, 
Sordee  ac"id&.  (F.)  Aiareure.  Sourness  of  the 
stomach,  the  result  of  indigestion,  indicated  by 
acid  eructations,  Ac  The  affection  is  very  com- 
mon in  children,  and  must  be  obriated  by  absorb- 
ents, as  magnesia,  chalk,  Aa,  and  by  regulated 
diet 

ACIDOLOG"IA,  from  mi*  'a point,  a  sharp 
instrument,'  and  Xoyof,  'a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  surgical  instruments. 

ACIDOM'ETER,  (F.)  Acidomltre,  Ptee-acide, 
from  acid,  and  utrcev,  measure.  A  hydrometer 
for  determining  the  density  of  adds. 

ACIDS,  AcT'ida,  Aco'ree,  are  liquid,  solid,  or 
gaseous  bodies,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less 
canstic  taste,  and  the  prindpal  character  of  which 


is  the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  bases. 

Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerent  and  antisep- 
tic. Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  oat  under 
the  individual  articles. 

To  ACID'ULATB.  (F.)  Aigwieer,  Aciduler. 
To  render  acidulous,  or  slightly  add. 

ACID'ULOUS,  Acidtutue,  Oxo'dee,  OxoVdee. 
(F.)  AciduU,  AigreUt.  Substances  are  so  called 
which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tamarinds,  cream 
of  tartar,  Ac 

Acidulous  Fruits.  Oranges,  gooseberries,  Ae. 

Acidulous  Waters,  Aqua  Acidulee,  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  sufficient  to 
render  them  sourish.    See  Waters,  mineral. 

Acidulous  Water,  Simplb,  Aqua  Ac"idi  Oar* 
bon'iei,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  a'eriejbri,  Aqua  aeitP- 
ula  eimplex,  Liquor  sen  Aqua  Soda  tffervte9cenet 
Aqua  Gar bona' tU  Sodm  acid'ula,  Soda  water,  Mi- 
neral water,  (F.)  Eau  AciduU  eimpU,  is  water 
impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling,  and  slightly 
stimulating.  It  is  used  beneficially  in  dyspepsia, 
and  in  cases  of  vomiting,  Ac. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Aceticum  acidum— a. 
Aceticum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromaticum — a. 
Aceticum  camnhoratum :  see  Aceticum  acidum— 
a.  Aceticum  dilutum :  see  Aceticum  Acidum — a. 
Aceticum  empyreumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Aceticum  Scilliticum,  Acetum  scillte — a.  Ace- 
toscllte,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Acetosum,  Acetum — a. 
Allantoicum,  Allantoic  acid — a.  Amnicum,  Am- 
niotic acid — a.  Arscnioosum,  Ar§enions  acid — a. 
Arseniosum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Arsenious  acid — a.  Aso- 
ticum,  Nitrio  Add — a.  Benzoicum,  Benjamin, 
Flowers  of — a.  Boracicum,  Boracic  acid — a,  Bo- 
russicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a.  Carbonicum, 
Carbonic  acid— a.  Citricum,  Citrio  acid — a.  Gal- 
licum,  Acid,  gallic— -a.  Hydriodicum,  Acid  hydri- 
odio—a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic  add — a.  Hy- 
drochloricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Hydrocy- 
anicum,  Hydrocyanio  acid — a.  Hydrocyanicum 
dilutum,  see  Hydrocyanic  Add — a.  HydrotbJoni- 
cum  liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted  water — a. 
Iodicum,  Add,  iodic — a.  Jatrophicum,  see  Jatro- 
pha curcas— a.  Lactieum,  Lactic  acid — a.  Ligne- 
um,  Pyroligneous  acid—a.  Ligni  pyro-oleosum, 
Pyroligneous  add — a.  Lithicum,  Urio  acid — a. 
Marinum  concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a. 
Morbosum,  Acidities— a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum 
addum — a.  Muriaticum  dilutum,  Muriatic  acid— a. 
Muriaticum  nitroeo-oxygenatum,  Nitro-muriatio 
add— a.  Nitri,  Nitric  acid— a.  Nitricum,  Nitrio 
add — a.  Nitricum  dilutum,  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitro- 
Muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatio  acid — a.  Oxalinum. 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Phosphoricum,  Phosphorio  add 
—a.  Primarum  viarum,  Acidities — a.  Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic  add — a.  Pyro-aoeticum,  Pyroligne- 
ous add — a.  Pyrolignosum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Pyroxylicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querd- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Saeohari,  Oxalic  acid — a. 
Saccharinum,  Oxalio  acid — a.  Salis,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Sails  oulinaris,  Muriaticum  acidum— 
a.  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Septicum, 
Nitrio  add — a.  Suodnicum,  Suodnic  acid — a.  Sul- 
phuricum,  Sulphuric  add — a.  Sulphuricum  alcoo- 
lisatum,  Elixir  addum  Halleri — a.  Sulphuricum 
aromaticum,  Sulphuric  acid,  aromatic — a.  Sul- 
phuricum dilutum,  Sulphuric  add,  diluted — a. 
Snlphuris  volatile,  Sulpnurous  acid — a.  Sulphu- 
roricum,  Sulphurous  add— -a.  Tannicum,  Tannin 
—a.  Tartar!  essential o,  Tartaric  acid— a.  Tartari- 
oum,  Tartario  add — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  add 
— a.  Uricum,  Urio  add — a.  Urolithioum,  Urio 
add— a.  Yitriolicum,  Sulphuric  add— a.  Vitrioli- 
oum  aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  addum  aromati- 
cum— a.  Yitriolicum  alcohole  aromaticum,  8uV 
phurioum  addum  aromaticum — a.  VitriolicuM 


ACIDURGIA 


44 


ACOPIS" 


Yinosnm,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Zooticum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  ZooUnicum,  Hydrocyanic 
acid. 

ACIDURGIA,  Surgery  (operative.) 

AOIER,  Chalybi.  ' 

ACIES,  Chalybs— a.  Digitorum  manna,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Diurna,  Hemeralopia. 

ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sis,  Akinesia,  Immobil'i- 
ias,  Quies,  Requiei,  Requie'tio,  Esych'ia,  Erem'ia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  KivnstSt  motion/  nvtm,  'I 
move.1  Rest.  Immobility.  Also,  the  interval 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart — 
Parasystole". 

Under  the  term  Acineses,  Remberg  includes 
the  paralytic  neuroses,  or  those  that  are  charac- 
terized by  defect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MALPIGHI,  Corpora  Malpighiana, 

ACINIFORMIS  (TUNICA)  Choroid,  Uvea. 

ACINUS,  Ac',inusglandulotsus)  from  ac"inus, 
'  a  grape-stone.'  A  glandiform  corpuscl*  or  gra- 
nulation, in  which  secretion  was  supposed  to  take 
place,  and  the  excretory  radiole  to  arise.  Acini 
are  the  glob'uli  arteria'rum  ter'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  ac"ini  glandule' si  has  also  been  given 
to  glands,  which,  like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged 
as  it  were  in  clusters.    See  Lobule. 

ACIPENSER,  see  Ichthyocolla. 

ACIURGIA,  Surgery,  (operative.) 

ACLEITROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 

ACMAS'TICUS, from  orjnj,  'the  top/ and  arats, 
'I  remain.'  A  fever  which  preserves  an  equal 
degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course.  '  It  is 
also  called  Homot'onos.  The  Greeks  gave  it  the 
name  of  Epacmas'ticos,  and  Syn'ochos,  when  it 
went  on  increasing, — and  Paracmas'ticos,  when 
it  decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Cor'vphi,  Oulmina'tio,  Status, 
Fastig"ium.  The  period  of  a  disease  at  which 
the  symptoms  are  most  violent  Archi,  Apxn*  *s 
'the  commencement/  anab'asis,  avafiacif,  'the 
period  of  increase/  and  acmi,  attun,  'the  height.' 

ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella— a.  Mauriti- 
ana,  Spilanthus  acmella. 

ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Acna,  Ion' thus  varus,  Varus,  Psydra'cia 
Acne,  Stone  Pock,  Whelk,  Bubucle,  (F.)  Dartre 
pustulense  disstminie.  A  small  pimple  or  tuber- 
cle on  the  face. — Gomeus.  Foe'sius  thinks  the 
word  ought  to  be  Acme;  and,  according  to  Cas- 
ABius,  it  is,  at  all  events,  derived  from  atun,  '  vi- 
gour /  the  disease  affecting  those  in  the  vigour 
of  life,  especially. 

Willan  and  Bateman  have  adopted  the  term  in 
their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  placed 
it  in  the  Order,  Tubkrcula.  Acne,  with  them,  is 
an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  inflamed  tubercles, 
sometimes  continuing  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time,  and  sometimes  suppurating  slowly  and 
partially.  They  usually  appear  on  the  forehead, 
temples  and  chin,  and  are  common  to  both  sexes; 
but  the  most  severe  forms  are  seen  in  young  men. 
They  require  but  little  management,  and  consist 
of  four  varieties;  Acne  indura'ta,  A.  simplex, 
(Haplodcne,)  Ju  puncta'ta(  Ion' thus  varus  vunc- 
ta'tus,  Punctm  muco'soi,  Comedo'nes  or  Maggot 
Pimple,)  and  A.  rosa'eea. — See  Gutta  Rosea. 

Acnk  Rosacea,  Gutta  rosea— a.  of  the  Throat, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

ACNES'TIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  kvouv,  'to 
fc cratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to  the 
l'jius.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of  the 
loins.    The  vertebral  column. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ACOE,  Audition,  Ear. 

AC<E'LIOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  coiXia,  tally.' 
Devoid  of  belly.  One  who  is  so  emaciated  as  to 
appear  to  hare  no  belly.— Galen, 


ACOEMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACOEMETRUM,  Acoumeter. 

ACOENOSI,  Aconusi. 

ACOESIS,  Audition. 

ACOGNOSIA,  Pharmaeognosia. 

ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 

ACOLOGT,  Materia  Medica. 

ACONE,  Mortar. 

ACONIT  A  GRANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cam m arum — a.  Salutaire,  Aconitum  anthonu 

ACONITA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITE,  Aconitum — a.  Folia,  see  Aconitum 
— a.  Radix,  see  Aconitum. 

ACONITI  FOLIA,  see  Aconitum  — a.  Radix, 
see  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITIN,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITINE,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITI UM,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONI'TUM,  from  Ao'oni,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.  Cynoc'tonon,  Parda- 
lian'ches,  Par dalian' chum,  Ganici'da,  Ac'onite, 
Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranuncula- 
ceao.     Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  1842,  is  the  leaves  of  Aconi- 
tum napellus,  and  A.  panioulatum.  In  the  last 
edition,  1851,  Aconiti  folia  is  the  officinal  name 
for  the  leaves ;  Aconiti  radix  for  that  of  the  root. 

ACONI'TUM  AN'THORA,  Aconi'tum  Salutif'erum, 
sen  nemoro'sum  seu  Oandol'lei  seu  Jacquini  sen 
euVophum  seu  anthoroxdeum,  An'thora  vulga'ris, 
An'thora,  Antith'ora,  Sal'utary  Monkshood, 
Wholesome  Wolfsbane,  Yellow  helmet  flower. 
(F.)  Aconit  salutaire.  The  root  of  this  variety, 
as  of  all  the  rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is  used  as  a 
cathartic  and  anthelmintic.    Dose  Qss  to  J)j. 

Aconitum  Anthoroideum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconi'tum  Cam'marum,  A.  panicula'tum,  A. 
macron' thum,  A.  Kttsnezo'vii,  (F.)  Aconit  & 
grands  Jleure,  resembles  Aconitum  Napellus  in 
properties. 

Aconitum  Candollei,  A.  anthora — a.  Eulo- 
phum,  A.  anthora — a.  Jacquini,  A.  anthora — a, 
Kusnezovii,  A.  cammarum — a.  Macranthum,  A. 
cammarum. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Napcl'lus  verus,  Aco- 
ni'tum, Common  Monkshead  or  Wolfsbane,  A.  Jfc- 
omonta'num.  (F.)  Chaperon  de  Moine.  The  leaves 
are  narcotic,  sudorific,  and  deobstruent  (?)  They 
have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  scrofula, 
scirrhns,  paralysis,  amaurosis,  Ac.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Aconit'ia,  Aconiti'na,  Aconi'ta, 
Aconit'ium  or  Aconitine.  A  form  for  its  prepara- 
tion is  contained  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1851.)  It  is 
made  by  treating  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root 
with  dilute  sulphuric  acid;  precipitating  by  solu- 
tion  of  ammonia;  dissolving  the  precipitate  in 
dilute  sulphuric  acid;  treating  with  animal  char- 
coal; again  precipitating  with  solution  of  ammo- 
nia;  washing  with  water,  and  drying.  It  re- 
quires 150  parts  of  cold  and  50  of  boiling  water 
to  dissolve  it,  but  is  readily  dissolved  by  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  neutralizes  the  acids,  and  forms 
with  them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It  has  been 
used  internally,  and  especially  applied  exter- 
nally, in  neuralgic  eases,  iatraleptically  and  en* 
dermically.    Dose  of  Aconitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Aconitum  Nemorosum,  A.  anthora — a.  Neo- 
montanum,  A.  napellus — a.  Paniculatum,  A.  cam- 
marum— a.  Racemosum,  Acttea  spicata—  a.  Salu- 
tiferum.  A.  anthora. 

ACONU'SI,  Acoin'osi,  Acobn'osi,  from  axon, 
'  audition/  and  rovvos,  '  disease.'  Morbi  au'rium 
et  audi' t  us.    Diseases  of  the  ears  and  audition. 

ACOONOSI,  Aconusi. 

AC'OPIS.    Same  etymon  as  the  next    Pliny 


ACOPON 


46 


ACRISIS 


gives  this  name  to  a  precious  stone,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

ACOPON,  from  a,  privative,  and  ko*qs,  'weari- 
ness.' A  remedy  against  weariness— Foesius,  Gor- 
raeus,  Ac.  Ac'opum, — Celsus,  Pliny.  SeeAnagyris. 
ACOPRIA,  Constipation. 
ACOPROSI8,  Constipation. 
ACOR   BENZOINUS,  Benjamin— a,  Bond- 
cue,  Boracie  acid — a.  Succineus,  Succinic  aeid — 
a.  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a,  Tartaricus,  Tar- 
taric acid. 

AC  ORB  BAT  AMD f  Iris  psendacorns  —  a. 
Faux,  Iris  pseadacoras — a.  Odorant,  Acorns 
calamus. 

AC  ORES,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 

ACOR'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  copcu,  'I  sa- 
tiate.' An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  made  of  Acorns.— Dios- 
ooridee. 

ACOR'MUS,  from  «,  privative,  and  r»fuof, 
'  trunk.'    A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. — Gurlt 

ACORN,  JUPITER'8,  Fagus  cutanea—  a. 
Oily,  Guilandina  moringa — a.  Sardinian,  Fagns 
eastanea. 

ACORNS.    See  Quercus  alba. 

ACORUS  ADULTERINUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Ac'obub  Cji/amus.  Au  Vents,  Cal'amut  Aro- 
mat'icus,  C.  Odora'tus,  Cal'amus  vulga'ris,  Typha 
Aromat'ica,  Acotum  Brazilien'sis,  Clava  Rugo'sa, 
Sweet/lag  or  Ac' or  us,  Flag  root,  Siceet  cane.  Myrtle 
Flag,  Siceet  gran.  Sweet  root,  Street  rusk,  (F.) 
Jonc  roseau  ou  Canne  aromatique,  Acore  odorant. 
Nat.  Ord.  Aroiden;  Acoraceae.  (Lindley.)  Sex. 
Stftt.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  The  rhiioma — Cal'- 
amut (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  stomachio  and  carminative, 
but  is  rarely  used.  It  is  regarded  as  a  good  ad- 
juvant to  bark  in  quinia  and  intermittent*. 

Ac'onus  Palubtris,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis, Iris  pseudacorus. 

A  COS,  Medicament. 

ACOS'MIA,  from  a,  privative,  andxoffjtof,  'or- 
der, ornament,'  Disorder,  irregularity  in  the 
critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses  the 
word  Koenof  for  regularity  in  those  days.  Others, 
and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  persons  sxoo-uoi, 
because  they  are  deprived  of  one  of  their  most 
beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOUM'ETER,  AcouVm'eter,  Acoim'eter,  Aco- 
im'etrum,  Acu' meter,  Acusim'eter,  (F.)  AcounUtre, 
from  axoow, '  I  hear,'  and  usrpov,  *  measure.'  An 
instrument  designed  by  M.  Itard  for  measuring 
the  degree  of  hearing. 

ACOUM&TRE,  Aooumeter. 

ACOUOPHO'NIA,  Copho'nia;  from  suunm, 
'I  hear,'  and  fvvrt,  'voice,'  " Auscultatory  Per- 
cus'sion."  A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the 
observer  places  his  ear  on  the  chesty  and  analyzes 
the  sound  produced  by  percussion. — Donn6. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Acns'ticus.  That  which  belongs 
to  the  ear;  as  Acoustic  nerve,  Acoustic  trumpet. 

Acoustic  Medicine  is  one  used  in  diseased  au- 
dition. 

Acous'ncs,  Acus'tica.  (F.)  Acoustique,  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.     It  is  also  called  Phonic*. 

A  CO  USTIQ  UE,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BINELLI,  Aqua  Binellii— a.  Broc- 
chieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii — a.  Monterossi,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  a.  di  Napoli,  Liquor  arsenioalis — a. 
della  Toffana,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ACQUI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  sulphureous  springs  are  in  Piemont. 
Their  temperature  is  167°  Fahr.,  and  they  con* 
tain  sulphohydrio  acid  and  chloride  of  sodium. 


ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morhi  femfrftf, 
M.  adeenti'tii,  M.  epiete'ti.  Adventitious  diseases* 
(F.)  Maladies  acquises.  Diseases  which  occur 
after  birth,  and  which  are  not  dependent  upon 
hereditary  predisposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  from  «,  privative,  and  MemA*, 
'  drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the  effects  of 
a  debauch. — Gomeus. 

ACRA'LBA,  from  axsof,  'extremity.'  The 
extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands, 
feet,  nose,  ears,  Ac  —  Hippocrates  and  Galen. 
See  Acre*. 

ACRA'NIA,  from  «,  privative,  and  sfcvtsv,  'the 
cranium.'    Want  of  cranium,  wholly  or  in  part 

ACRA'SIA,  from  «,  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
Kfaeit, '  mixture.'  Intemperance.  Excess  of  any 
kind. — Hippocrates. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  syno- 
nymously with  Aeratia;  but  this  may  have  been 
a  typographical  inaccuracy. 

ACRATI'A,  from  «,  privative,  and  **arot, 
'  strength.'    Impotenoe ;  weakness,  fainting. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  «,  privative,  and  «pav- 
wfti, '  to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  bread 
steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — Galen, 
Athene  us. 

ACRATOM'ELI,  from  airsarov,  'pure  wine/ 
and  utXi,  *  honey.'    Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATOPK'GjE,  Akratope'ga,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  cparof,  'strength,'  and  vnyn,  'a  spring.' 
Mineral  waters  having  no  marked  chemical  qua- 
lities. 

ACRATOPOS'IA,  from  Aeratum,  and  mi(, 
'  drink.'    The  drinking  of  pure  or  unmixed  wine. 

A'CRATUM,  aKparov,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kparof,  'strength.'  Unmixed  wine, — Acratum 
vinum,  Fin«m  merwn. 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  Aeratia,  'weakness/ 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.    The  extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Aerotiria,  from  smpss,  'the  summit' 
The  extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  feet,  hands, 
ears,  Ac. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are  used 
as  food.     Acrocolieu 

ACRID,  from  a***,  'a  point  or  summit/  or 
from  an t,  '  a  point,'  Acer,  An  epithet  for  sub- 
stances which  occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of 
irritation  or  of  constriction  at  the  top  of  tho 
throat 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur  Acre,  is  one  that  causes 
a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  tho  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Acrid  Poisoic,  See  Poison.  % 

Acridb,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 
substances,  supposed  by  the  humourists  to  exist 
in  the  humours,  and  to  cause  various  diseases. 
See  Acrimony. 

ACRIDOPH'AGI,  from  airpif,  'a  locust/  and 
^«yw,  'I  eat'  Locust-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'itas,  Acrimo'nia,  from  aeer, 
'  acrid/  *Kts, '  a  point'  Acrimony  of  the  humours. 
An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the  blood,  lymph, 
Ac,  which,  by  the  humourists,  was  conceived  to 
cause  many  diseases. 

ACRIN'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  *ptwy  'I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  suspension,  of  the  secretions. 

ACRIS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also,  the 
locust 

ACRPSIA,  AcH'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
KfMW,  'judgment'  A  condition  of  disease,  in 
which  no  judgment  can  be  formed ;  or  in  which 
an  unfavourable  opinion  must  be  given. — Hipp, 
and  Galen. 

ACBISIS,  Aorisi*. 


ACRITICAL 


ACTIOS 


ACRITICAL,  Ae'ritos,  from  a,  privative,  and 
*ft(rist  'judgment'  That  whioh  takes  place  with- 
out any  crisis,  or  which  does  not  foretell  a  crisis; 
as  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  Ac 

ACRITOS,  Acritical. 

ACRIVIOLA,  TropeBolum  majus. 

ACROAMA,  Audition. 

ACROASIS,  Audition. 

ACROBYS'TIA,  Apropos*  tkia,  from  aiyof,  'top/ 
and  0w«,  '  I  cover/  The  extremity  of  the  prepuce. 
— Hippocrates.    Rufus. 

ACROCHEIR',  Acrochir*,  Acrochcir*on,  from 
sutpss,  'extremity/  and  gap,  'the  hand.'  The 
forearm  and  hand.    Gorrwus.    Also,  the  hand. 

ACROCHOR'DON,  from  axpos,  'extremity/ 
and  gop4ty  'a  string.'  A  tumour  whioh  hangs  by 
a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart,  Verru'ca  pens' - 
ili*. — Aetius,  Celsus. 

ACROCHORIS'MUS,  from  atpos,  'extremity/ 
and  gopcuw,  'I  danoe.'  A  kind  of  danoe,  with 
the  ancients,  in  which  the  arms  and  legs  were 
violently  agitated. 

ACROCOLIA,  Acrea. 

ACROCOLIUM,  Acromion. 
.     ACROD'RYA,  from  »pof,  'extremity/  and 
im>s,  'a  tree.'     Autumnal  fruits,  as  nuts,  ap- 
ples, Ac 

ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ynum,  E. 
aerodyn'ia,  (F.)  Acrodynie,  from  a/cpos,  'extre- 
mity/ and  oovvti,  'pain.'  A  painful  affection  of 
the  wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  appeared 
in  Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and  1829.  It 
was  supposed  by  some  to  be  rheumatic,  by  others 
to  be  owing  to  spinal  irritation. 

ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 

ACROM ASTIUM,  Nipple. 

ACROMIA,  Acromion. 

ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lu.  Relating  to  the 
Acromion. 

Acromial  Ar'tkry,  External  Scap'ular,  A. 
Arte'ria  Thorae"ica  humera'lis,  Artire  troisihne 
des  Thoraciques, — (Ch.)  A.  Thoraeique  humi- 
rale,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary 
artery,  opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  peotoralis 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches :  one,  supe- 
rior; the  other,  inferior, — the  branches  of  whioh 
are  distributed  to  the  subolavius,  serratus  major 
anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and  pectorali* 
major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the  shoulder  joint, 
Ac  They  anastomose  with  the  superior  scapu- 
lar, thoracic,  and  circumflex  arteries. 

Acromial  Nkrvbs,  ffervi  acromia'tes. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  acromial  region. 

Acromial  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the*artery. 

ACRO'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  aoromion  and  coraooid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acromion 
and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so  called. 

ACRO'MION,  Aero'mium,  Acro'mia,  Acro'mis, 
from  agpos,  'the  top/  and  ouos,  'the  shoulder.' 
Os  Acro'mii,  Hu'merus  summus,  Annul  summus, 
Mucro  hu'meri,  Rostrum  porci'nwn,  Caput  Scap'- 
uUb,  Acroco'liunu  The  process  which  terminates 
the  spine  of  the  scapula,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicle. 

ACROMIS,  Aoromion. 

ACROMPHALIUM,  Acromphalon. 

ACROM'PHALON,  Aerompha'lium,  from 
sapor,  'the  top/  and  ou+a\o{,  'the  navel.'  The 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  whioh  remains 
attached  to  the  foetus  after  birth. 

ACROMYLE,  Patella. 

ACRU-NARCOTIC,  See  Poison. 

A'CRONYX,  from  sutpes,  'the  summit,'  and 
***£, '  the  nail.'    Growing  in  of  the  nail. 

ACROPARAI/YSIS,  from  acso*  'extremity/ 


and  *apa\v<ns,  'palsy;'  Paral'ysis  extremitvtHm, 
Palsy  of  the  extremities.    Fuohs. 

ACROPOSTHIA,  Aorobystia. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  arp<*,  'extremity/  aM 
rpiXos,  *  naked.'    The  extremity  of  the  glans  penki 

ACRORIA,  Vertex. 

ACRORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'musextremM 
turn,  fromaxpof,  'extremity/  and e**ua,  'defluxioi 
rheumatism.'    Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

ACROS,  anpos,  '  extremity,  top.'  The  strengti 
of  the  Athletes,  and  of  diseases ;  the  prominence* 
of  bones :  the  extremities  of  the  fingers,  Ac.  Sea 
Aorooheir,  Acromion,  Ac 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea.    See  Extremity. 

ACROTERIASIS,  Acroteriasmus. 

ACROTERIAS'MUS,  Aero teri' ash,  from  «po- 
rripta,  '  the  extremities  /  hence  aKpompia$up,  *  to 
mutilate.'    Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  a***,  'top/  and 
Svfiov,  '  thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous,  bloody 
wart,  compared  by  Oelsus  to  the  flower  of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  axpof,  'summit'  Disease* 
affecting  the  excernent  functions  of  the  externa] 
surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  fluids  or  emunotories  that  opei 
on  the  external  surface ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompaniment 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccritfica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  'to  do/  'a  thing  done.'  The  effective  ex- 
ercise of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of  an 
agent  Acte  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signify 
the  publio  disoussion,  which  occurs  in  supporting 
a  thesis : — thus,  soutenir  tin  Acte  aux  Ecolee  de 
Midecine,  is,  'to  defend  a  Thesis  in  the  Schools 
of  Medicine.' 

ACT^I'A  CIMICIF'UGA,  A.  racemo'sa. 

Aotm'a  Racbko'sA,  A.  Oimicifuqa,  Cimi- 
cifuga,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  G.  raeemo'sa,  Macro' try 4 
racemo'sa,  Bot'rophis  Serpentafria{?)  Serptrt- 
ta'ria  nigra.  Black  snakeroot,  Richweed,  Co- 
hosh, Squaw  root,  Rattletoeed,  Black  Cohosh. 
(F.)  ActSe  &  grappes,  Serpentaire  noire.  Arat. 
Ord.  Ranunculaoeie.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Pen- 
tagynia.  A  common  plant  in  the  United  States. 
The  root  is  astringent ;  and,  according  to  Barton, 
has  been  successfully  used,  in  the  form  of  decoc- 
tion, as  a  gargle  in  putrid  sore  throat  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  root  cures  the  itch.  It  is  acro-narco- 
tio,  and  has  been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and 
chronic;  chorea,  Ac. 

Act^'a  Spica'ta,  Ohristophoria'na  spica'ta, 
Aconi'tum  racemo'suwt,  Baneberry,  Herb  Chris'- 
topher.  (F.)  Herbe  Si.  Ohristophe.  A  perennial 
herbaceous  European  plant,  the  root  of  which 
resembles  that  of  the  black  hellebore.  The  root 
is  cathartic,  and  sometimes  emetic,  and  in  over- 
doses may  produce  dangerous  consequences. 

Acta' a  America' na,  of  whioh  there  are  two 
varieties,  A.  alba  and  A.  rubra, — white  and  red 
cohosh,  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata. 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE.  Act 

ACTEE  d  GRAPPES,  Actaea  racemose* 

ACT  IF,  Active. 

ACTIO,  Action,  Function. 

ACTION,  Ac'tio,  Opera'tio,  Energi'a,  Praxis : 
from  agere,  actum,  '  to  act'  Mode  in  which  one 
object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in  the 
animal  body :  the  vital,  those  that  are  essential 
to  life :  the  physiological,  those  of  a  healthy  cha- 
racter :  the  pathological,  or  morbific,  those  that 
occur  in  disease,  Ac  The  ancients  divided  the 
physiological  actions  into  vital,  animal,  natural^ 
sexual,  particular,  general,  Ac     See  Function. 


ACtlONBS 


ADDUCTOR 


ACTIONE8  NATURALBS,  see  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  ZJraVheus,  Acti'vu*, 
Stken'icue,  Hypcrtthen'ieue.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convoy  the 
idea  of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Active 
eymptome,  t.  g.  are  those  of  excitement  In  The- 
rapeutic*, it  signifies  energetic: — as,  an  active 
treatment.  The  French  use  (he  expression  M4- 
decine  agieeante,  in  contradistinction  to  Mideeine 
expeetante.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a  similar 
signification,  many  of  the  functions  being  divided 
into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON.  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form ;  in  contradistinction  to  the  potential  or  tn'r- 
tmal,  which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharotics. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Byzantine  physicians. 

ACTUS  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 

ACUITAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNBUS,  Splinter. 

ACUMETER,  Aeoumeter. 

A'CUPUNCTURE,  Acupunctu'ra,  iron  acne, 
'a  needle,'  and  punefura,  'a  puncture.'  A  sur- 
gical operation,  much  in  use  amongst  the  Chinese 
and  Japanese,  which  consists  in  puncturing  parts 
with  a  very  fine  needle.  It  has  been  employed, 
of  late  years,  in  obstinate  rheumatic  affections, 
Ac,  and  apparently  with  success.  Acupuncture 
is  likewise  a  mode  of  infanticide  in  some  coun- 
tries; the  needle  being  forced  into  the  brain 
through  the  fontanelles,  or  into  the  spinal  mar- 
row, Ac. 

ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative.) 

ACUS,  Needle—a.  Capitate,  Pin— a.  Invagi- 
nata,  see  Needle — a.  Ophthalmica,  see  Needle — 
a.  Paracentioa,  Trocar — a.  Paracentetic*,  Trocar 
—  a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar — a>  Veneris, 
Eryngium  carapestre. 

ACUSIMETER,  Aeoumeter. 

ACUSIS,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics.     * 

ACUSTICUS,  Auditory. 

ACUTE,  Acu'tuB,  Oxye,  efrt,  (anr,  'a  point') 
(F.)  Aigu,  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  de- 
gree of  severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short 
duration,  is  said  to  be  "acute." — Orynote'ma, 
Oxyn'oeoe,  Oxynu'eoe. 

Diseases  were  formerly  subdivided  into  Morbi 
meutie'eimi,  very  acute,  or  those  which  last  only 
three  or  four  days :  M.  tvbacutie'rimi,  which  con- 
tinue seven  days:  and  M.  eubacu'ti,  or  those 
which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  aeute  is  chronic  Acute,  when 
applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  Ac,  means  sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille. 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA,  from  "a,  privative,  naves, 
'blue/  and  0Acr<»,  'I  see.'  Defective  vision, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gothe.    Bee  Achromatopsia. 

ACYESIS,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRU8,  Arnica  montana. 

ACYTERIUS,  Abortive 

ADACA.  The  Sphvran'thui  In'dicw,  a  Mala- 
bar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

ADAC'RYA,  from  *,  privative,  and  taxpwa,  'I 
weep/    Defective  secretion  of  tears. 

AD  JiMONIA,  Anxiety. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the  fa- 
mily Apocyness,  used  in  that  country  in  diseases 
of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
the  no/o. 


ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE,  Enamel  of 
the  teeth. 

ADAMAS,  Diamond. 

ADAMI'TA,  Adami'tmm.  A  very  hard,  whit* 
cal  cuius.— -Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder :  the  second  for  lithiasis  or  the  calculous 
condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  AdamL 

ADANSONIA  DIGITATA,  Baobab. 

ADAPTER,  from  ad  and  apto,  *  I  fit'  A  tube 
employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations  for  length- 
ening the  neok  of  a  retort ;  or  in  eases  where  the 
opening  of  the  receiver  is  not  large  enough  to 
admit  the  beak  of  the  retort 

ADAR'CE,  Adaption,  Adar'cie  A  concretion 
found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  the  marshy 
regions  of  Galatia,  and  hiding  them,  as  it  were : 
hence  the  name,  from  a,  privative,  and  £<*«*,  '  I 
see.1  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for  cleansing  the 
skin  from  freckles,  Ac. 

ADARIGO,  Orpiment 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment 

ADARTICULATIO,  Arthrodla. 

AD  CUTEM  ABDOMINIS  (ARTERIA.) 
The  euperjicial  artery  of  the  abdomen, — a  branch 
of  the  crural  or  femoral,  which  arises  at  the 
lower  part  of  Poupart's  ligament  and  ascends 
towards  the  umbilicus,  being  distributed  to  the 
integuments. 

AD  DAD.  A  Numidian  plant;  bitter  and 
poisonous. 

ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia,  from  *lcn*t 
'much/  and  vaytiv,  'to  eat*  Voraciou*ne»*. 
Galen  and  Hoffman  have  given  this  name  to  vo- 
racious appetite  in  children  affected  with  worms. 
Sauvagcs  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also,  the  goddess 
of  gluttony. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  *y- 
nonymously  with  EpiphyeU.  It  is  now  restricted 
to  the  prolongation  of  two  cranial  sutures,  the 
lamboidal  and  squamous. 

Additamejttum  Com,  Appendix  vermiformis 
eseci — a.  Nccatum,  Olecranon — a.  ad  Sacrolum- 
balem,  see  Sacro-lumbalre —  a>  Uncatum  ulna, 
Olecranon — a.  Ulna*,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  OCULI,  Rectus  intcrnus  oculL 

ADDUCTEUR  BE  V(EJL,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi — a.  du  Grot  orteil,  Adductor  pollicis 
pedis — a.  Premier  on  moyen,  Adductor  longus 
femoris — a.  du  Pouce,  Adductor  pollicis  man  us 
— a.  Second  on  petit,  Adductor  brevis — a.  Troi- 
eilme  ou  grand,  Adductor  magnus. 

ADDUCTION,  Adduc'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
dueere,  'to  draw.'  Parago'gi.  The  action  by  which 
parts  are  drawn  towards  the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  vmuscles  which  execute  this  function  are 
called  Adduc'tore. 

ADDUCTOR  MEDn  DIGITI  PEDIS,  Pos- 
terior medii  digit!  pedis — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  ocuH. 

Addijc'tor  Metacar'pi  imr'rui  Dio"iti,  Me- 
tacar'peus,  Car'po-metacar'peue  min'imi  dig"iti9 
is  situate  between  the  adductor  and  flexor,  next 
to  the  metacarpal  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from 
the  unciform  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and 
from  the  contiguous  part  of  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  wrist,  and  is  inserted,  tendinous  and  fleshy, 
into  the  fore-part  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the 
little  finger,  from  its  base  to  its  head. 

Abduc'toh  Pol'licis  Manus,  A.  PoVUde,  A. 
ad  min'imum  dig^ituvt,  Metacar'po-phalan'gext* 
poV licit — rCh.)  (P.)  Adducteur  du  pouce.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  mid- 
dle finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 


ADEO 


48 


ADEPS 


Adduc'tor  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Anttth'enar,  Me- 
tatar'so-subphalan'geus  pollicis.—(Ch.)  Tarso- 
metatarsi-pnalangien  du  pouce.  (F.)  Adductevr 
dn  gros  orteiL  Arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  the  under  part  of  the  os  calois,  from  the  os 
euboides,  os  cuneiforme  externum,  and  from  the 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second  toe.  It 
is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and  root  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Bichat  has  given  the  general  name,  Addue'- 
tor; to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perform  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Adductor  Tebth  Dram  Pedis,  Prior  tertii 
digiti  pedis. 

Adductors  or  the  thigh.  These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  some  anatomists,  been 
united  into  one  muscle — the  Triceps  Addue'tor 
Fem'oris. 

1.  Addue'tor  longus  fem'oris,  Addue'tor  fern'- 
oru  primus,  Triceps  minor,  Pu' bio-femora' lit — 
(ChJ  (F.)  Premier  ou  moyen  adducteur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  and  fore  part 
of  the  os  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  symphysis, 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  poctinalis.  It  runs  down- 
wards and  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a  broad, 
flat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the  linea  aspera. 

2.  Addue'tor  brevis,  A.  fem'oris  seeun'dus, 
Triceps  seeun'dus,  Sub-pubio-femora'lis —  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Second  ou  petit  Adducteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pubis,  at  the  side  of  its  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle.  It 
runs  obliquely  outwards,  and-  is  inserted  by  a 
short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  linea  aspera,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  of  the  insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Addue'tor  magnus,  Addue'tor  fem'eris  ter*- 
tius  et  qnartus,  Triceps  magnus,  Is'chio-femora'- 
lis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troieieme  ou  grand  adducteur,  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  others.  It  arises 
from  tho  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that  of  the 
ischium,  and  from  the  tuber  ischii,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea  aspera.  Near 
the  lower  part  of  the  linea  aspera  it  is  pierced 
by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal,  through  which 
the  crural  artery  and  vein  pass. 

ADEC.    The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 

ADECTA,  Sedatives. 

ADELIPARIA,  Polysarcia. 

ADELODAGAM.  A  bitter  Malabar  plant, 
used  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  gout. 

ADELPHIA,  see  Adelphixia. 

ADELPIIIX'IA,  Adelphixis;  from  aisX+es, 
'brother/  Consanguinity  of  parts  in  health  or 
disease.  Frater'nitas,  Fratra'tio.  Hippocrates 
used  the  word  Adel'phia,  for  diseases  that  re- 
semble each  other. 

ADELPIIIXIS,  Sympathy. 

ADEMONIA,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEMOSYNE,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEN,  aSrjy,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgia,  Ade- 
niform, Ac. — see  Gland. 

ADENAL'GIA,  Adenodyn'ia,  from  airjv,  'a 
gland/  and  a\yos,  'pain/    Glandular  pain. 

ADENECTOP'IA,  from  abnv,  'a  gland,'  and 
txroroiy  'removed  from  its  place/  Dislocation  of 
a  gland. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  «Jijv,  'a  gland,' 
and  tpfpafa,  'obstruction/  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

ADEN'IFORM,  Adeniform' ie9  AdenoVdet, 
Adenoid,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Forma,  'form 
or  resemblance/    Glan'diform,  or  resembling  a 

*  Ali&NlTE  LTMPHATIQUJB,  Lymphaden- 
itis. 


ADENFTIS,  from  aim*,  'a  gland/  and  <tU,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Phlegmasia 
adeno'sa  sou  glandulo'sa.  Glandular  inflamma- 
tion. 

Adenitis  Ltxphatica,  Lymphadenitis. 

Adbni'tis  Mesbnter'ica,  Mesenteric  Gangli- 
onitis.   Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands'. 

Adenitis  Palpebrarum  Contagiosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,  from  a***,  <a 
gland,'  xu?t  'the  hand,'  awrta,  'I  lay  hold  of/  and 
\oyof,  'a  description/  The  doctrine  of  curing 
scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal  touch. 

ADENOCHON'DRIUS,  from  aV,  '»  gland,' 
and  xovipos,  'a  cartilage/  Relating  to  gland  and 
cartilage,  —  for  example,  Arthrophy'ma  adeno- 
ehon'drium,  a  tumefaction  of  the  glands  and  car- 
tilages of  joints. 

ADENODYNIA,  Adenalgia. 

ADENOG'RAPHY,  Adenogra'phia,  from  ab\w, 
'a  gland,'  and  yeaf,  'I  describe/  That  part  of 
anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOID,  Adeniform. 

ADENOIDES,  Adeniform. 

ADENOL'OGY,  Adenohg"ia,  from  aiet.  «a 
gland/  and  Aoyo;,  'a  description/  A  treatise  on 
the  glands. 

ADENOMALA'CIA,  from «V,  'a  gland/  and 
fiaXaua,  'softening/  Mollescenoe  or  softening  of 
a  gland. 

ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

ADENONCOSIS,  Adenophyma. 

ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS,  from  a**,,  'a 
gland,'  and  Qapvyt,  '  the  pharynx/  Some  fleshy 
fibres,  which  pass  from  the  constrictor  pharyngls 
inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland,  have  received  this 
name.     Their  existence  is  not  constant. 

ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.  Same  etymon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

ADENOPHTIIALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

ADENOPHY'MA,  Adenon'cus,  Adenonco'sie, 
from  aitiv,  'a  gland,'  and  ^vua,  'a  swelling/ 
Swelling  of  a  gland,  or  glandiform  ganglion. 
(F.)  Glandage.  Adenophyma  is  used  by  some  to 
signify  a  soft  glandular  swelling; — Adenoneus, 
one  of  a  harder  character. — Kraus. 

Adenophyma  Inguinalis.    Bubo. 

ADENOSCIR'RHUS,  Adenosclero'sis,  from 
a&n*t  'a  gland,'  and  anppoj,  'induration/  Scir- 
rhous induration  of  a  gland. 

ADENOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus. 

ADENOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 

ADENO'SUS,  {Absees'sus.)  A  hard,  glandular 
abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A.  Seve- 
ring. 

ADENOT'OMY,  Adenotom'ia,  from  aS*iv,  'a 
gland,'  and  rqivu,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Boulimia. 

ADEPS,  Adeps  €uillus,  Oxyn'gium,  Pingue'do.- 
Pig*s  flare.    The  fat  of  the  hog.    In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
the  prepared  fat  of  Sue  scrofa,  free  from  saline 
matter. 

Adeps  Anseri'nub,  Adept  an'seris  or  Goose 
arease,  (F.)  Graisse  d'Oie,  u  emollient  It  has 
been  used  as  an  emetic 

Adeps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus,  Unguen- 
tum  lyttse  medicatum — a.  Cortico  Daphnes  gnidii 
modicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio— a.  Humanus,  Liquamumia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  medicatus,  Unguentum  Hydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  oinereum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a.  Hydrargyri  muri- 
ate oxygenate  medicatus.  Unguentum  muriatis 
hydrargyri  oxygenati  medicatum — a,  Hydrargyri 
nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis 
— a.  Hydrargyri  oxldo  rubro  et  plumbi  aeeta  me- 


ADEPT 


ADORION 


itlnlaa,  Unguentum  ophthalmicum— a.  Lauro 
medicatua,  Unguentum  laurinum — a.  Ovilii,  Be* 
nun  —  a.  Papavere,  hyoscyamo,  et  belladonna 
medicatus,  Unguentum  populeum — a.  Sulfur*  et 
ammoniso  muriate  medicaids,  Unguentum  sul- 
phuratum  ad  scabiem — a.  Sulfure  et  carbonate 
potasses  medicatus,  Ungaentum  Bulphuratum  al- 
calinum  ad  scabiem — a.  Tartaro  Btibii  medicatus, 
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarisati — a.  Oxido  sinci 
medicatus,  Unguentum  oxidi  xinci  impuri 

Adbps  Pr^spara'tus,  Hog'*  lard,  Barrow'* 
grease,  Lard,  Ax'unge,  Axun'gia,  Adept  tuil'lut 
pr<tpara' tut,  A.  prwpara'tut,  Axun'gia  porci'na, 
(F.)  Graitte  de  Pore,  JSaindoux,  is  prepared  bj 
melting  pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is 
called  rendering  the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient, 
but  is  chiefly  used  for  forming  ointments  and 
plasters. 

ADEPT,  Alchymist 

ADEP'TA  MEDICI'NA.  Medicine,  which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  by  celestial  opera- 
tions, or  communicated  from  heaven. 

Adept  a  Pbilosophia,  Alohymy. 

ADFLATUS,  Afflatus. 

ADH^RENTIA,  Adherence. 

ADHjESIO,  Adherence. 

ADilATO'DA,  Julie"  ia  adhato'da.  The  Ma- 
labar Nut  Tree.  (F.)  Hover  de  Ceylon.  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abortion. 
The  word  is  said  to  convey  thi*  meaning  in  the 
Ceylonese. 

ADHE'RENCE,  Adhe'tion,  Adharen'tia,  Con- 
cre'tio,  Atre'eia,  Prot'phytis,  Proteolle'tit,  Ad- 
het'eio,  from  adharere,  {ad  and  hwere,)  *  to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  synonym- 
ously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for  the 
state  of  union,  and  adhesion  for  the  act  of  ad- 
hering. 

ADHESION,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMATION  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surface?,  and 
which  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  to  be  necessary 
for  such  adhesion. 

Adhesive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plasters 
which  Btick  closely  to  the  skin. 

ADIANTHUM,  Adiantum. 

ADIANTUM,  A.  pedatum. 

Adiantum  JEthiop'icum.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Filices,  an  infusion  of  which  is 
sometimes  used  as  an  emollient  in  coughs,  and 
in  diseases  of  the  chest. 

Adiantum  Album,  Asplenium  rata  muraria — 
a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'lub  Ven'bris,  A.  Coriandri- 
fo'lium  seu  Nigrum,  Capil'lut  Ven'erit,  from  a, 

{wivative,  and  Jicum*,  'to  grow  wet/  from  the 
eaves  not  being  easily  moistened.  Maiden  hair. 
(F.)  Capillaire  de  Montpcllier.  A  European 
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and  demulcent  pro- 
perties. It  is  used  for  forming  the  Strop  de  Ca- 
pillaire or  Capillaire, 

Adiantum  Cobiandrifolium,  A.  Capillns  Ve- 
neris. 

Adiantum  Nigrum,  A.  Capillus  Veneris. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tum,  A.  Canaden'ti  seu  Pa- 
tent,  Adiantum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eri*  Canaden'tit, 
Herba  Ven'erit,  Filix  Ven'erie,  Canada  Maiden- 
hair,  American  Maidenhair,  Rockfem,  Sieeet/ern, 
(F.)  Capillaire  du  Canada,  has  the  same  proper- 
ties. Capillaire  was  once  made  from  this.  See 
Adiantum. 

Adiantum  Rubrum,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adiaphort'tit,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, &o,  'through/  and^ofMK,  ( a  pore.'  Defect 
or  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adiapneut'tia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'or**,  Indiff' event, 


Neutral  A  medicine  whioh  wffl  neither  do  km 
nor  good. 

ADIAPNEUSTIA,  Adiaphorotis. 

ADIARRINE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  **•» 

Sir,  'to  flow/    Retention  of  any  excretion.— 
ippocrates. 
ADICE,  Urtica. 
ADIPATUS,  Fatty. 
AD/PECX,  Adipose. 
ADIPOCERA,  Adipocirt  —  %.  Cetosm,  Ceta- 


ADJPOCIRB,  AdipoeJra,  from  adept,  *tkt,' 
and  cera,  'wax.'  The  base  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  Chol'eHerine.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  under  certain  circum- 
stances. (F.)  Grot  dee  Cadavret,  Grot  dee  Cime- 
tieret.  The  human  body,  when  it  has  been  for  some 
weeks  in  water,  assumes  this  appearance ;  and  it 
has  been  a  subject  of  legal  inquiry,  what  length 
of  time  is  necessary  to  produce  it.  This  must, 
of  course,  depend  upon  various  circumstances,  as 
climate,  season,  Ac 

AD  I  FOCI  RE  DE  BALEINE,  Cetaoeum. 

AD'IPOSE,  Ad'ipout,  Adipo'tue,  from  adept, 
'fat'  (F.)Adipeux.  That  whioh  relates  to  fat^- 
as  Adipote  membrane,  A.  vettelt,  Ac.    See  Fatty. 

Ad'iposk  Sarco'ma  of  Abkrns'thy,  Empky'm* 
eareo'ma  adipo'tum,  is  suetty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capsule  of  condensed  areolar 
substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute  vessels. 
It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and  back  parte  of 
the  trunk.    See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.    See  Polysarcla. 

Adiposis  Hhpat'jca,  Pimelo'ti*  hepat'ica, 
Fatty  liver,  fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver,  (F.) 
Dtginfreteence  graittexttt  du  Foie.  Fatty  dis- 
ease of  the  liver. 

ADIPOSUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPOVS,  Fatty. 

ADIP'SIA,  Vipto'tit  esrpere.  Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIP'SON,  Adip'tum,  from  a,  privative,  and 
it4+,  'thirst'  Any  substance  which  relieves 
thirst  Applied  to  a  decoction  of  barley  to  which 
oxymel  was  added. — Hippocrates. 

ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

AD'ITUS,  '  an  entrance/  'an  approach  ;'  from 
adere,  aditum,  '  to  go  to.'  Prot'odot.  The  en* 
trance  to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditut  ad  Aquaduc- 
tum  Fallopii. 

Aditus  ad  Ixfurdtbulum,  Vulva. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  «,  privative,  and  itvh^m, 
'I strain/  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — Gome  us. 

ADJUNCTUM,  Accompaniment 

ADJUTOR  PARTUS,  Accoucheur. 

AD'JUVANT,  Ad'juvant,  from  adjuvart,  'to 
aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  prescription 
to  aid  the  operation  of  the  principal  ingredient 
or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

ADNASCENTIA,  Prosphysis. 

ADNATA  (TUNICA,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADN&E  {MEMBRANE,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADOLES'CENCE,  Adoleecen'tia,  Juven'htt, 
uEtat  bona,  Youth;  from  adoletcere  {ad  and 
oletcere)  '  to  grow.'  (F.)  Jcunctte.  The  period 
between  puberty  and  that  at  which  the  body 
acquires  its  full  development;  being,  in  man, 
between  the  14th  and  25th  years ;  and,  in  woman, 
between  the  12th  and  21st 

ADOLES'CENS,  Ju'venit,  Hebe'tet,  hebe'ter. 
Hebe* tor.  A  youth.  A  young  man  in  the  period 
of  adolescence. 

ADO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oil,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

ADOR,  Zeamays. 

ADORION,  Daucu  sarota. 


ADOUCISSANT 


50 


JEGYPTIA 


ADOUCISSANT,  Demulcent. 

AD  PONDUS  OM'NIUM.  The  weight  of  the 
whole.  Id  a  prescription  it  means,  that  any 
particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight  the 
whole  of  the  others. 

AD  RAO  ANT,  Tragacantha. 

ADRA  RIZA,  Aristolochia  olematitis. 

ADROBO'LON,  from  a&pot,  «  great/  and/?«A«i, 
'  mass.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which  is  in  larger 
pieces  than  that  of  Arabia. 

ADROS,  afyof,  'plump  and  full.'  Applied  to 
the  habit  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — Hippo- 
crates. 

A  US  ARIA  PALA,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

ADSPIRATIO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

ADSTANS,  Prostate. 

AD8TITES  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate. 

ADSTRICTIO    Astriction,  Constipation. 

ADSTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ADSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents. 

ADULAS'SO.  The  Justitia  bivalvit.  A  small 
shrub,  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in  gout. 

ADULT,  see  Adult  age. 

Adult  Aob,  Andri'a,  from  adole&cere,  'to 
grow  to/  (ad  and  olere,  olitum,  '  to  grow/)  Vi- 
ril'ity.  The  age  succeeding  adolescence,  and  pre- 
ceding old  age.  In  the  civil  law,  an  adult  is  one, 
who,  if  a  boy,  has  attained  the  age  of  fourteen 
years ;  and,  if  a  girl,  of  twelve.  In  the  common 
law,  one  of  full  ago.  Adult,  Adul'tut,  is  also 
ased  for  one  in  the  adult  age. 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADULT  US,  see  Adult  age. 

ADUNCATIO  UNGUIUM,  Onychogryphosis. 

ADURENS,  Caustic, 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria. 

ADUST,  A  J  us' tug,  from  adurere,  (ad  and 
urere,)  'to  burn/  The  blood  and  fluids  wero 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
heat  in  the  constitution  and  but  little  serum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Adustion,  Burn. 

ADUS'TION,  Adm'tio.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.  In  surgery,  it  signifies 
cauterization. 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired  dis- 


ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. 

ADYNA'MIA,  Impoten'tia;  from  a,  privative, 
and  ivvafiiSy  'strength/  Adyna'sia,  Adyna'tia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers ;  as  in 
typhus  fover.  Some  Nosolo gists  have  a  class  of 
diseases  under  the  name  Adynamia,  Ee'lytes, 
Morbi  asthen'tci. 

Adynamia  Virilis,  Impotence. 

ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam'icut,  Hypodynam'ic, 
ITypodynam'icui ;  same  etymon.  Appertaining 
to  debility  of  the  vital  powers. 

AD YN ASIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATODOCHIUM,  HospitaL 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly. 

J3DCEA,  Genital  Organs. 

JEDCE'AGRA,  from  atSoia,  'genital  organs/ 
and  aypa,  'seizure/     Gout  in  the  genitals. 

^DCEAG'RAPIIY,  jEdaeagraph'ia,  from  «- 
ioia,  '  organs  of  generation/  and  ypa$»,  '  I  de- 
scribe/ A  description  of  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration. 

iED<EAL'OGY,  jEdaealog"ia,  from  atSoia,  'the 
|.adendum/  and  Aoyof,  'a  description/  A  treatise 
on  tbe  organs  of  generation. 

^DCEAT'OMY,  jEdotatom'ia,  JEducotom'ta, 
jCdtxof'oniS,  JEdctoVomy,  from  ati«ia,  'the  pu- 
dendum/ and  rc/ivtt,  'I  cut'  Dissection  of  the 
parts  of  generation. 

J8P(BI'TIS,  jEd<eot\'ti$,  MedeVtit;  from  ««- 


6oia,  'genital  organs/  and  Hit,  denoting  inftm- 
xnation.     Inflammation  of  the  genital  organs. 

JBD(EOBLENORRH(EA,  Leucorrhcea. 

^DOSODYN'IA,  from  atoota,  'genital  organs,' 
and  oSvvtj,  '  pain/  Pain  in  the  genitals.  Puden- 
dagra. 

jEDCEOGARGALUS,  Masturbation,  Nym- 
phomania. 

.£D(EOGARGARISMUS,  Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 

J5DCEOMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

-£D(EON,  Inguen. 

J2DOSOPSOPHESIS,  -fidceopsophia. 

^DfflOPSOPH'IA,  uEdceoptophJsiM,  from  at- 
doia,  'the  pudendum/  and  \j.o<puv,  'to  make  a 
noise/  Emission  of  wind  by  the  urethra  in  man, 
by  the  vagina  in  woman. — Sauvages  and  Sagar. 

JEdceopsophia  Uterina,  Physometra. 

jEDCEOTITIS,  ^Edoeitis— od.  Gangrenosa, 
Colpocace — ®.  Gangrenosa  puellarum,  Colpo- 
cace  iufantilis —  sb.  Gangrenosa  puerperarum, 
Colpocace  puerperarum. 

^D(EOTOME,  ^doeatomy. 

^EDCEOTOMIA,  JEdoeatomy. 

JEYHRQTOMY,  .Sdceatomy. 

-EDOPTOSIS,  Hysteroptosis— se.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri — re.  Uteri  in  versa,  Uterus,  inversion 
of  the — 88.  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio  uteri — 
a.  Vaginw,  Prolapsus  V. — ».  Vesicae,  Exocyste. 

JEEIG'LUCES,  Aeig'lucts,  from  act,  'always/ 
and  y\vn>s,  'sweet.'  A  kind  of  sweet  wine  or 
must. — Gomeus. 

J&QAQR.0PIrLA,jEgagropi,lu9,  from  atyaypot, 
'  the  rock  goat,'  and  silos,  '  hair/  Jlfzoar  d  Alle- 
magne,  Pi  la  Dama'rum  seu  Jiupicapra'rum.  A 
ball  composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of 
the  goat:  once  used  medicinally. — Bezoar. 

jEGEIROS,  Populus. 

-33GER,  Sick. 

.AS' G IAS,  jEgi*,  JEglia,  uE'gidet,  from  a<£,  'the 
goat/  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)  Aige  or  Aigle. 
There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  precise  meaning 
of  this  word.  It  was  used  to  designate  on  ulcer, 
or  speck  on  the  transparent  cornea. — Hippocrates. 

Mattre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous  deposit 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 

iEGIDES,  JEgias. 

iE'GILOPS,  An'chilop;  An'lylops,  from  «£, 
'  goat,'  and  w//,  'the  eye/  An  ulcer  at  the  greater 
angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  does  not  pene- 
trate to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others  does, 
and  constitutes  fistula  lachrymalis. — Galen,  Cel- 
sus,  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulns  of  .£gina,  Ac. 

JRQ  I'RINON.  An  ointment  of  which  the  fruit 
or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient;  from 
atyttpest  '  the  black  poplar/ 

JEGLIA,  ^gias. 

JEGOCERAS,  Trigonella  feennm. 

jEGOLETHRON,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

J2GONYCHON,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

^GOPHONIA.Egophony. 

^5GOPHONICUR,  Egophonic. 

JEGOPODIUM  PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticnm 
podagraria. 

.«(}RIPPA,  Agrippa. 

iEGRITUDO,  Disease— SB.  Vontriculi,  Vomit- 
ing. 

^GROTATIO,  Disease. 

J5GROTUS,  Sick. 

jEGYP'TIA.  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  JDgina, 
and  Myrepsas. 

JEoyp'tix  Mobchata,  Hibiscus  abelmoschns. 

JEOVP'TIA  StTPTE'ria,  Atyvvrta  ffrvvnrpto, 
^Egyptian  alum.    Recommended  by  Hippocr. 

jEqyp'tia  Ul'cbra:  ^Egyptian  ulcer*.  Ulcert 
of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  described  by  Areueus, 
as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria* 


2BGYPTIACUM 


51 


ATHEB 


JHGYPTCACTJM,  uEgyp'tion,  Jfende'tion,  3Itl 
jEoyptiacum,  Pkar'nacum  JEgyptiacnm.  A  pre- 
paration of  vinegar,  honey,  and  verdigris,  scarcely 
used  now,  except  by  veterinary  surgeons  as  a  de- 
tergent See  Linimentum  JSruginis. 
iBGYPTION,  -figyptiacum. 
JEGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD 
AVRES,  Pharmacum  ad  aores. 

-SGYPTIUS   PESSUS :   ^Egyptian  petitory. 
A  pessary,  composed  of  honey,  turpentine,  batter, 
oil  of  lily  or  of  rose,  saffron,  each  one  part ;  with 
sometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 
AEICHRYSON,  Sedum. 
JB I  PATH  EI  A,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
AEIPATHIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
^SMOPTOICA  PASSIO,  Hsemoptysis, 
^NEA,  Catheter. 
^OLECTUYMA,  Variola. 
-fiOLMON,  Varicella. 
^OLLIUM,  Varicella. 

-SON,  ai»v.     The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.   Also,  the 
spinal  marrow.    Bee  Medulla  Spinalis. 
jEONESIS,  Fomentation. 
-fiONION,  Sedum. 

JEO'RA,  from  aiWjMw,  'I  suspend.'    Gestation, 
swinging. — Aetius,  Celsus,  Ac. 
^QUALIS,  Equal. 

JBQUA'TOR  OC'ULI.     The  line  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  upper  and  under  eyelid,  when 
they  are  closed.  It  is  below  the  middle  of  tho  globe. 
^QUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 
AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,  Hamatosis. 
AERATITS,  Carbonated. 
a£r£,  Carbonated. 

JEREOLUM,  ^Ereolue,  Chalcue.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

jE'RESIS,  aiptffts,  'the  removal  of  any  thing.' 
A  suffix  denoting  a  removal  or  reparation,  as 
Apharinit,  Diarlsie,  Ac. 
AKRGIA,  Torpor. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Airifer,  (P.)  Airifere,  from 
aer,  'air,1  and  ferre,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  which  convey  air,  as  the  larynx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

AERIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick.  Flatulence. 
— Salvages. 

AERODIAPH'THORA,  from  anp,  'air,'  and 
itajfopa,  'corruption.'  A  corrupt  state  of  the  air. 
AERO-EXTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 
AEROL'OGY;  Aerolog"ia,  Airolog"ice,  from 
aw  '  air,'  and  \eyot,  '  a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities, 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AER'OMANCY,  A'eromanti'a,  from  ar>p,  'air,' 
and  pavrua,  'divination."    An  art  in  judicial  as- 
trology,  which  consists  in  the  foretelling,   by- 
means  of  the  air,  or  substances  found  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 
AEROMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 
A&ROP&R1TONIE,  see  Tympanites. 
AEROPHOB'IA,  from  om,  'air,'  and  fopot, 
'fear.'    Dread  of  the  air.    This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  and  sometimes  hyste- 
ria and  other  affections. 

AEROPHOB'ICUS,  Airoph'obus;  same  ety- 
mon.    One  affected  with  aerophobia. 
AEROPHOBUS,  Aerophobicus. 
AEROPHTHORA,  Aerodiaphthora. 
A&ROPLEUR1E,  Pneumothorax. 
AEROSIS,  Pneumatosis,  Tympanites. 
A  E  ROTH  OR  AX,  Pneumothorax. 
JERUCA,  Cupri  subacetos. 


-fiRTJ'GINOTJS,  JErugino'iui,  To' dee,  from 
jErvujo,  'verdigris.'  (F.)  Erugineux.  Resem- 
bling verdigris  in  colour ;  as  tho  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  stomach. 

JERU'GO,cof,from<e«,  'copper.'  The  rust  of  any 
metal,  properly  of  brats.     See  Cupri  Subacetas. 
jErugo  Perm,  Ferri  aubcarbonas — 89.  Flumbi, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
JES,  Cuprum. 

-ESCHOS,  oi«rx«$«  Deformity  of  the  body  ge- 
nerally, or  of  some  part.  —  Hippocrates. 

JES'CULUS  HIPPOCAS'TAM  M,  from  e»ca, 
'food,'  [?]  Caita'tiea  equina,  Pavi'na,  Uor»«. 
chestnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Mar ronier  d'Ind e.  Xat. 
Ord.  nippocastanero.  Sex.  Sy*t.  lie j- Lamina  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  has  been  advised  hs  a  substi- 
tutc  for  cinchona.  Both  bark  and  fruit  are  as- 
tringent. Externally,  it  has  been  employed,  like 
cinchona,  in  gangrene. 
^SECAVUM,  Brass. 
ESTATES,  Ephelides. 

JESTHE'MA,  aioQqpa,  gen.  aicOjjftaros,  'a  sen* 
sation,  a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi- 
bility. In  the  plural,  asthe'mata,  tho  apparatuses 
of  the  senses. 

-fiSTHEMATOL'OGY,  JZsthc mato!og"i 'a ; 
from  aioOtipa,  and  \oyoe,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  sentes,  or  on  the 
apparatus  of  the  senses. 

JSSTHEMATOXU'SI,  jr*thrmatorg<™onu'eif 
from  aic6rjftat  and  vovaoi,  '  disfusts.'  D  it  cases 
affecting  sensation. 

JESTHEMATORGANOXUSI,  JC?themato- 
nu?i.~ 

A2STHE'SIS,    Airthe'rie,    from  atosavopai,  'I 
feel.'    Tho  faculty  of  being  affected  Ly  a  s>ensa- 
tion.    Perception.     Sensibility,  as  well  as  the 
senses  themselves.     See  Scns-e. 
AESTHETE  R  ION,  Sensorium. 
JESTHET'ICA,  from  ataSavopat,  'I  feel.'    Dis- 
eases affecting  the  sensations.     Dulness,  depra- 
vation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  external 
organs  of  sense.     The  2d  order,  class  Neurotica, 
of  Good.    Also,  agents  that  affect  sensation.— 
Pereira. 
JBSTIVUS,  Estival. 
-ffiSTUARIUM,  Stove. 

JSSTUATIO,  Ardor,  Ebullition,  Fermentation. 
iESTUS,  Ardor. 

Mstvb  Volat'icub.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  flushing  of  the  face. — Vogcl. 

ASTAS,  Age — m.  Bona,  Adolescence — se.  De- 
orepita,  Decrepitude  —  89.  Mala,  Senectus  —  SB. 
Provecta,  Senectus — sb.  Senilis,  Senectus. 

JETHER,  Ether,  from  aiSrjp,  'air,'  or  from  «$», 
'I  burn.'    Liquor  athe'reu*.  A  volatile  liquor  ob- 
tained by  distillation  from  a  mixture  of  alcohol 
and  a  concentrated  acid.   See  Either  sulpburicus, 
and  Ether. 
,£thbr  Crxoricus,  Chloroform ;  Ether,  chloric. 
JEther  Htdrocyas'icus,  JEther  Prw'eicue, 
Hydrocyan'ie  Ether,  ffydroey'anate  of  Eth'erine, 
Oyan'urct  of  Eth'ule,  (F.)  Ether  Hydrocyanique, 
has  been  advised  in  hooping-cough,  and  where 
the  hydrocyanic  acid  is  indicated.    Dose,  0  drops. 
JBther  Llanos  us,  Acetone. 
JEther  Martialis,  Tinctura  sen  Alcohol  sul- 
furico-SBthereus  ferri. 

JBthbr  Muriat'icus,  Ifuriafie  or  Ohlorohy- 
drie  Ether,  Mu'riate  of  Etherine,  Chloride  of 
EthyU.  This  ether,  on  account  of  its  volatility, 
can  only  be  kept  in  cool  places.  It  has  the  pro- 
perties of  the  other  ethers,  and  when  used,  is 
generally  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  alcohol. 
It  has  been  employed  as  an  anaesthetic.  A  Chlo- 
rinated Chlorohydrie  Ether,  (F.)  Ether  Chlor- 
hydrique  chlori,  formed  by  the  action  of  Chlorine 
on  Chlorohydrie  Ether,  has  been  introduced  inte 
practice  as  a  local  ansec luetic 


JBTHEREA  HERBA 


52 


AFFERENT 


jBther  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
Sllheris  nitrici — ae.  Pyro-accticus,  Acetone. 

JSthbr  Sulphu'ricus,  jE.  Vitriol'icus,  Naph- 
tha Yitrioli,  Sul'phuric  Ether.  Ether  prepared 
from  sulphuric  ether  and  alcohol. 

Rectified  Ether,  uEther  rectified' tue,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  sulphuric 
ether,  f  Jxiv,  fused  potass,  §ss.  and  distilled 
water,  f^ij,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflam- 
mable, volatile  liquor;  of  a  penetrating  and  fra- 
grant odour,  and  hot  pungent  taste.  Its  8.  g.  is 
0.732. 

JEther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  (1842), 
JEther  of  that  of  1851,  is  formed  from  alcohol, 
Oiv ;  sulphuric  acid,  Oj ;  potassa,  Jvj ;  distilled 
water,  f£iij;  distilling  and  redistilling  according 
to  the  process  there  laid  down.  The  specific  gra- 
vity of  this  ether  is  0.750. 

It  is  a  diffusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externally  refrigerant.  Dose, 
gtt  xxx  to  f  3is8.  When  ether  is  inhaled,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  valuable  anaesthetic  agent :  and  is 
employed  with  advantage  in  spasmodic  affections, 
and  in  surgical  operations.     See  Anaesthetic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  an  JEther  ace'ticus,  an 
JEther  muria'ticus  seu  hydrochlor'icus,  an  JEther 
ni'tricus  seu  nitro'sus,  and  an  JEther  phospho- 
ra'tus.  They  all  possess  similar  virtues.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

jEthbr  Sulphuricus  Acidus,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri  —  83.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
sotheris  sulphurici — ae.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole 
aromaticus,  Spiritus  setheris  aromaticus. 

JSther  Terebinthija'tub,  Terebinth' inated 
ether,  made  by  mixing  gradually  two  pounds  of 
alcohol,  and  half  a  pound  of  spirit  of  turpentine, 
with  two  pounds  of  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
distilling  one-half  the  mixture  with  a  gentle  heat 
Employed  externally  and  internally  in  biliary 
calculi,  rheumatism,  Ac  Dose  20  to  40  drops, 
in  honey  or  yolk  of  egg. 

JETHEREA  HERBA,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

iETHE'REAL,  E the' real,  Ethe'reous,  jEthe,~ 
reus,  (F.)  ISthirtc.  An  ethereal  tincture,  (F.) 
Teinture  6thSrfe,  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  on 
medicinal  substances.  An  ethereal  oil  is  a  vola- 
tile oil.     flee  Olea  Volatilia. 

JETHERIZATIO,  Etherisation. 

^THERIZATUS,  Etherised. 

JETHE'REO-OLEO'SA  (Remedia),  from 
uEtheroUum,  'a  volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose 
properties  are  dependent  upon  the  volatile  oil 
they  contain. 

JBTHEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

JETHIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
stone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

JETHIOPIFICA'TIO,  JBthicpopoi'sis,  JEthi- 
opis'mus,  JBthiopio'sis,  from  jEthiops,  and  facere, 
'to  make.1  The  mummy-like  colouring  of  the 
•kin,  induced  at  times  by  the  use  of  mercurial 
ointment;  and  seen  in  bodies  poisoned  by  arsenic. 

JBTHIOPIOSIS,  .Bthiopificatio. 

JETHIOPIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

JBTHIOPISMU8,  iEthiopifleatio. 

^THIOPOPOESIS,  JEthiopificatio. 

jE'THIOPS,  from  «*<*,  'I  burn,'  and  «^, 
'countenance.'  A  black  or  burnt  countenance. 
Tho  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  snlphnrets  of  metals,  which  wers  of  a  black 
colour. 

Sthtops  Albus,  Albino — ».  Alcalisatns,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta — SB.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

JBthiopb  Marti  a/us-  Ferri  Deutox'ydum  nt- 
gtMn.  The  black  deutoxide  of  iron :  once  in  re- 
pute as  a  tonic 

JSthiom  Mmiralib,  Hydrargyri  sulphurctum 


nigrum — se.  Narcotious,  Hydrargyri  snlphuretum 
nigrum — ae.  per  so,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum 
— ae.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum— 
8d.  Vegetabilis,  see  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

.ffiTHOL'ICES,  from  ai$»,  'I  burn.'  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have  considered 
them  to  have  been  hoiU. 

^THUSA  AMMI,  Si  son  ammi. 

JEthu'sa  Cyna/pium,  Fool's  Parsley,  (F.)  Faux 
Persil,  Petite  Ciaue.  Family,  Umbel liferse.  Sex, 
Suet.  Pentandna  Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant, 
which  has  been  mistaken  for  true  parsley,  pro- 
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness, 
sopor,  and  at  times,  fatal  results.  It  resembles 
conium  in  its  action. 

JEthu'sa  Meum,  Meum,  M.  Athaman'ticvm, 
seu  Anethifo'lium,  Athaman'ta  Jleum,  Ligus'ticum 
Capilla'ceum  seu  Meum,  Ses'eli  Meum,  Men,  Spiff- 
nel,  Baldmoney.  (F.)  £thute,  Mium,  The  root  has 
been  advised  as  carminative,  stomachic,  Ac. 

^TIOL'OGY,  JEtiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio- 
log"ia,  from  aina,  'cause/  and  \oyoq,  'a  dis- 
course/   The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 

-ETI'TES,  from  atroi,  'an  eagle.'  Eagle-stone, 
Pierre  d'Aiglc,  Hydrate  de  tritojeide  defer.  This 
stone  was  formerly  supposed  to  facilitate  delivery, 
if  bound  on  the  thigh ;  and  to  prevent  abortion, 
if  bound  on  the  arm.  It  was  also  called  Lapis 
Collymns. 

JRTOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

.ffiTOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

AFFADISSEMENT,  (F.)  from  fade,  'insipid.' 
That  condition  of  the  digestive  function  in  which 
the  appetite  is  diminished,  the  sense  of  taste 
blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach  enfeebled; 
a  state  usually  accompanied  by  general  languor. 

AFFAIBLISSEMENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES,  Menses. 

AFFAISSEMENT,  CoUapsus. 

AFFECTIO,  Affection— a.  Arthritica  Cordis, 
Cardiagra — a.  Hypoohondriaca,  Hypochondriasis 
— a.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — a.  Sarmatica,  Plica— 
a.  Tympanitica,  Tymplrnites. 

AFFECTION,  Affec'tio,  from  officio  or  «/ec- 
tare  (ad  and  facere  f)  'to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  affected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  TTPHOtDE,  see  Typhus  — 
a.  Vaporeuse,  Hypochondriasis. 

AFFECTIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  MIND,.  Affec'tus  sea 
Passio'nes  sou  Affectio'nes  seu  Conquassatio'nes 
sou  Confusio'nes  seu  Turbatio'nes  seu  Pertwrba- 
tio'nes  an'imi,  (F.)  Affection*  de  I'd  me  include  not 
only  the  different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jea- 
lousy, Ac,  but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that 
is  accompanied  by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
feeling,  as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  Ac 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  is 
synonymous  with  disease:  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  affection,  a  calculous  affection,  Ac. 

AFFECTIONS  DE  UAME,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches,  Ac 
Gall  gives  the  term  affective  faculties  (F.)  Facul- 
tls  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon  the 
organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the  senti- 
ments, affections,  Ao. 

AFFECT  US,  Passion  — a.  Fancium  pestilens, 
Cyanche  maligna — a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops — a. 
Spasmodico-convnlsivus  labionun,  Neuralgia  fa- 
ciei. 

AF'FERENT,  Afferene,  Centripetal,  Esod'ic, 
from  affero,  (ad  and  fero,  'to  carry/)  'I  bring.' 
Conveying  inwards,  as  from  the  periphery  to  the 
centre.  The  vessels  which  convey  the  lymph  to 
the  lymphatic  glands,  are  called  afferent.    Also, 


AFFION 


58 


AGGLUTENANT 


nerves  that  convey  impressions  toward*  the  nerv- 
ous centres — nervi  sntob&non'tes. 

AF'FION,  Offium,  Cpium.  The  Bantamese 
thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which  opium  u  the 
basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an  excitant. 

AFFLATUS,  Adfla'tus,  Epipnoi'a,  from  ad, 
*to,'  and  ./far*  'to  blow.'  Any  air  that  strikes 
the  body  and  produces  disease. 

AF'FLUENCE,  Afflux,  from  affluere,  (ad  and 
finer c,  'to  flow,')  'to  flow  to.'  A  flow  or  deter- 
mination of  humours,  and  particularly  of  blood, 
toward?  any  part 

AFFLUXUS,  Fluxion. 

AFFUSIO,  Affusion — a.  Frigida,  see  Affusion 
—a.  Orbicularis,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SION,  AffWsio,  Pros'chysi*,  Epich'ysis, 
from  ad,  'to/  vxia\  fundcre,  fusum,  'to  pour.'  The 
action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  body.  Affu- 
sions, Rhyptolu'siat,  cold  and  warm,  are  used  in 
different  diseases.  The  cold  affusion,  Affu'sio 
sen  Perfu'eio  frig"ida,  is  said  to  hare  been  bene- 
ficial in  cutting  short  typhus  fever  and  scarlatina, 
if  used  during  the  first  days.  It  consists  in  pla- 
cing the  patient  in  a  tub,  and  pouring  cold  water 
over  him ;  then  wiping  him  dry,  and  putting  him 
to  bed.  The  only  precaution  necessary,  is,  to 
use  it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat  and  exacerba- 
tion; not  when  chilliness,  or  topical  inflamma- 
tion, is  present. 

AFIUM,  Opium. 

AFTER-BIRTH,  Secundines. 

AFTER-PAINS,  see  Pains,  labour. 

AQACEMENT,  (F.)  from  «jca£«v,  'to  sharpen.' 
The  setting  on  edge. 

AQACEMENT  DE8  DENTS.  A  disagree- 
able sensation  experienced  when  acids  are  placed 
in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth  edge.  Setting 
the  teeth  on  edge. 

AQACEMENT  DES  NERFS.  A  slight  ir- 
ritation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the 
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  English  Fidget*. 

AOALACTATIO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  Agalax'ia,  Agalactia,  Agalac- 
ta'tio,  De/ec'tut  lac' t is,  Oligoga'lia,  Oligogalac- 
tia, from  a,  privative,  and  yaia,  'milk.'  Absence 
of  milk  in  the  mammae. 

AGALAXIA,  Agalactia. 

AGAL'LOCHUM,  from  ayaWopmt,  'to  become 
splendid,'  Calambae,  Oalambouk,  Lig'nnm  AgaV- 
lochi  reri,  Lig'num  Al'oes,  L.  Aspal'athi,  Xylo- 
aloes,  Aloes  wood.  A  resinous  and  very  aromatic 
wood  of  the  East  Indies,  from  Excmca'ria  Agai'- 
lochoj  Oynometra  Agal'lochum,  Alo?jc'ylon  AgaV- 
lockum.  Used  in  making  pastils,  Ac.  —  Diosco- 
fides,  Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGAMOUS,  see  Cryptogamous. 

AG'ARIC,  Agar'icum.  A  genus  of  plants  in 
the  Linnssan  system,  some  of  which  are  edible, 
others  poisonous.  It  was  so  called  from  Agaria, 
s  region  of  Sarmatia. — Dioscorides.  Among  the 
edible  varieties  of  the  Boletus,  the  following  are 
the  chief.  1.  The  Agar*icus  edu'lis  seu  Arven'sis 
sen  Sylvaficu*  sen  Campes'tris,  (F.)  Agaric  comes- 
tible et  champignon  de  couche.  2.  The  Agar'icut 
odora'tus,  (F.)  Moveseron,  The  most  common 
poisonous  varieties  are  the  Agar'icus  neca'tor, 
(F.)  Agaric  meurtrier:  and  2.  The  Agaricus 
aerie,  (F.)  Agaric  dcre;  besides  the  Auranite,  a 
sub-genus,  which  includes  several  species.  One 
of  the  most  delicate  is  the  Agaricus  Aurantiaeus, 
but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  confound  it  with 
the  A.  Pscudo-aurantiacue,  which  is  very  poi- 
sonous. The  A.  aurantiaeus  is  called,  in  French, 
Oronge.    See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Agaric,  see  Boletus  igniarius —  a.  Blanc,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  de  Chine,  Boletus  igniarius — a. 
Female,  Boletus  igniarins — a.  of  the  Oak,  Bole- 


tus ignfarfas — a.  Odorant,  Dsedalea  suaveolens— 
a.  White,  Boletus  laricis. 

AGARICUM,  Boletus  igniarins, 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Albus,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  Arvensis,  see  Agaric — a.  Auran- 
tiaeus, Amanita,  Bolites  —  a.  Auricutoforma, 
Peziza  auricula  —  a.  Campestris,  see  Agaric — a. 
Chirurgorum,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Igniarius, 
Boletus  igniarius — a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis  — 
a.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanita) — a.  Querent, 
Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Sylvaticus,  see  Agaric. 

AGA8YLLIS  GALBANUM,Bubongalbanum. 

AGATUIS  DAMARRA,  Pin  us  damarra. 

AGATHOSMA  CRENATUM,  Dioema  ere- 
nata. 

AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA,  Gentian*  chi- 
rayita. 

AGA'VB  AMERICA'NA,  ArRanu/sa,  Ameri- 
can Agave,  American  aloe,  Maguey,  from  *yaustf 
'admirable.'  Nat.  Ord.  Brometiacea.  Sex.  tfyst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
considered  diuretic  and  antisyphilitic.  The  fa- 
vourite drink  of  the  Mexicans — Pulque — is  the 
fermented  juice  of  this  plant. 

Agavb  Ravosa,  A.  Americana, 

Agavb  Viroir'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master:-— 
grows  in  the  Southern  States.  The  root  is  very 
bitter.  It  has  been  used  in  tincture  as  a  carmina- 
tive in  colic ;  and  as  a  remedy  for  bites  of  ser- 
pents. 

AGE,  'nXiKta,  HelVhia,  Attn*;  —  Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  Ac.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man.  1.  First  infancy  rfti/an'tia;) 
2.  Second  infancy  (Pueri"tia;)  3.  Adolescence 
(AdoUecen'tia:)  4.  The  adult  age  (Viril'itas:) 
o.  Old  age  (Senec'tue.) 

AGENEIOS,  Imbcrbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ytvtsti, 
'generation.'  Imperfect  development  of  any  part 
of  the  body;  as  cerebral  agenesis,  i.  e.  imperfect 
development  of  the  brain  in  the  foetus. 

A  G  EN  N  ESI  A,  Impotence,  Sterilitas. 

AGENNESIS,  Impotence. 

AGENOSO'MUS;  from  a,  privative,  ytwam, 
'I  generate,'  and  owua,  'body.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  chiefly 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen ;  the  urinary 
or  sexual  apparatus  absent  or  very  rudimentary. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  agere,  'to  act'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce  an 
effect  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents,  (F.) 
Agens  morbiflques,  are  the  causes  of  disease;— 
therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  thirapeuiiques, 
the  means  of  treating  it. 

AGER  NATURE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,  Insenescen'tia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  yjfpa;,  'old  age.'  A  vigorous  and  green  old 
age. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  used  by  cob- 
blers to  polish  shoes.  It  was  formerly  esteemed 
discutient  and  astringent  —  Galen,  Oribasius, 
Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSIA,  Ageustia, 

AGEUS'TIA,  Agheusftia,  Agen'sia,  Apogeus*- 
Ha,  Apogeu'sis,  Dysasthc'sia  gustato'ria,  Para- 
geu'sis,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yevatg,  'taste.'  Dimi- 
nution or  loss  of  taste,  Anasthe'sia  lingua.  Sau- 
vages,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATB,  Agglomera'tue,  from  ag- 
glomerare  (ad  and  glomerare,  'to  wind  up  yarn 
in  a  ball,')  'to  collect  together.'  Applied  to  tu- 
mours or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TINANT,  Agglu'tinans,  Collet'icus, 
Qlu'tinans,  from  gluten,  'glue'  (F.)  Agglutinin*, 
Agglutinatif,   Qlutinaiif.     Remedies  were  for* 


TO  AGGLUTINATE 


54 


AGRYPNODES 


merlj  so  called,  which  were  considered  capablo 
of  uniting  divided  parts. — Paalus. 

Plasters  are  callod  agglutinanU,  (F.)  aggluti- 
natifs,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin.  Cer- 
tain bandages  are  likewise  so  termed.  (F.)  Ban- 
'delettee  agglutinative*. 

TO  AGGLU'TINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  agglutiner,  in  the  sense  of  'to  reunite;'  as 
agglutiner  U*  Uvree  d'une  plaie,  'to  reunite  the 
lips  of  a  wound.' 

AGGLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant 

AGGLUTINATIO,  Coition. 

AGGLUTINA'TION,  CoUe'eie,  EpicolWeie, 
Proacollt'eie,  Glutina'tio,  from  agglutinare,  'to 
glue  togethor.'  The  first  degree  of  adhesion. 
Also,  the  action  of  agglutinants. 

AGGLUTINER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG' G  RE  GATE,  Aggrega'tue,  from  aggregare, 
(ad  and gregare,)  'to  flock  together,'  'to  assemble 
together.'  Glands  are  callod  aggregate  which 
are  in  clusters.  See  Pejeri  Glandulce.  Aggre- 
gate pilU,  (F.)  Pilulet  agrigativee,  signified, 
formerly,  those  which  were  believed  to  contain 
the  properties  of  a  considerable  number  of  medi- 
cines, and  to  be  ablo  to  supply  their  place. 

AGHEUSTIA,  Ageustia, 

AGHOUL,  Agul. 

AGIAIIA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID  or  AGRA- 
HA'LLD.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  Bhrub, 
similar  to  Ximenia.  The  Ethiopians  use  it  as  a 
vermifuge.     The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGISSANT,  Active. 

AGITATION,  Agita'tio,  Done'*i$;  from  agere, 
'to  act'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body,  Tyrbe,  Tyrba'eia,  In' quiet, — or  distressing 
mental  inquietude, — An'imi  Agita'tio, 

AGITATORIUS,  Convul'sive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  yXutro-a, 
'  the  tongue'  A  malformation,  which  consist*  in 
the  want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOS'TOMA,  from  Aglottia,  and  <rro/ia, 
'  mouth.'    A  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aolouoetomo- 
gra'phia,  from  a,  priv.,  yXtacoa,  'the  tongue,' 
oropa,  'the  mouth,'  and  ypa^w,  'I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land (of  Saumur). 

AGLUTI'TION,  Agluti'tio,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glutire,  '  to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  designat- 
ing impossibility  of  swallowing. — Linnaeus. 

AGMA,  Fracture. 

AGMATOLOG"IA,  from  ayua,  fraoture,  and 
loyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  fractures. 
A  treatise  on  fractures. 

AGME,  Fracture. 

AGMINA  DIGITORUM  MAN  US,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGMINATED  GLANDS,  Peyer's  glands. 

AGNA'THIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yvaOos,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation,  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNINA  MEMBRANA,  Amnios. 

AGNOI'A,  Agnce'a  from  a,  priv.,  and  yu 
'I  know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  does  not  recog- 
nise individuals. — Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foe'sius. 

AGNUS  CASTUS,  Vitex. 

AGO'GE,  aywyv.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
disease. — Hippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  state  of 
the  air. — Hippoc,  Galen,  Gorraus,  Foe'sius. 

AGOGUE,  nyuyof,  a  leader,'  from  ayu,  'I  lead 
or  expel.'  Hence  Cholagogue,  an  expeller  of 
bile:  Hydra^ogue,  Ao. 

AGOMPHPASIS,  Agompko'tis,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  yopfoia,  'I  nail.'  Looseness  of  the 
teeth. — Gome  us.     See  Gomphiasis. 

AGOMPHOSIS,  Agomphiasis. 

AGON,  Agony. 


AGONE,  Hyoscyamut. 

AGONIA,  Sterilitas. 

AGONISMA,  Agony. 

AGONISMUS,  Agony. 

AGONIS'TICA,  from  ayttv,  'a  combat'  The 
part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athlete. 

Also,  very  cold  water,  given  internally,  to  calm 
febrile  heat — Paulus  of  JSgina, 

AGONIZANS,  Psychorages. 

AGONOS,  Sterile. 

AG'ONY,  Agon'ia,  Agon,  AgonWma,  Agoni*'* 
mue,  Mochthue,  Jfogut,  Ptychorag"ia,  Peyehor- 
rhag"ia,  Angor,  from  ayotv,  'a  combat'  The 
last  struggle  of  life. — Galen,  Gorraus,  Ao.  The 
agony,  which  is  of  longer  or  shorter  duration,  is 
characterized  by  great  change  in  the  features, 
gradual  abolition  of  sensation  and  motion,  loss 
of  voice,  dryness  or  lividity  of  the  tongue  and 
lips,  rattling  in  the  throat,  small  and  intermit- 
tent pulse,  and  coldness  of  the  extremities. 
This  state  is  not  present  in  those  who  die  sud- 
denly.    See  Facies  Hippoc  rati  ca. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  ayu,  '  I  load.'  The  fore  arm 
from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the  palm 
of  the  hand. — Gorrocus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  aypa,  from  ayptu,  'I  seize  hold  of.'  A 
seizure,  as  Vdontagra,  a  tooth  seizure,  toothache  ; 
Ohiragra,  Podagra,  Ac. 

AGRAFE  DE  VALENTIN.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps with  parallel  branches,  employed  by  Valen- 
tin in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  effect  the  ap- 
proximation of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 

AGRAHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGREGATIVES  PILULES.  See  Aggre- 
gate. 

AGRIA,  Herpes  exedens. 

AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRICOCCIMELEA,  Prunus  Spinosa. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

AGRIMONIA,  Agrimony  —  a.  Eupatoria, 
Agrimony — a.  Odorata,  Agrimony — a.  Officina- 
lis, Agrimony. 

AG'RIMONY,  Agrimo'nia,  A.  Eupato'ria  sen 
odora'ta  sou  ofjicina' lie,  Caf'al,  Lap'pula  hepatf- 
ica,  Cockle-bur,  Utickwort.  (F.)  Aigremoine.  NaL 
Ord.  Rosaceee.  Sex.  Sv»t.  Icosandria  Digynia. 
A  mild  astringent  and  stomachic.  Dot,  in 
powder,  from  ftj  to  5jj. 

Agrimony,  Hemp,  Eupatorium  cannabinum. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 
Lyooperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

AGRIORIGANUM,  Origanum  majorana. 

AGRIOSELINUM,  Smyrnum  olusatrum. 

AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from  aypiot,  'ferocious/  and 
Svpos,  'disposition.'  Ferocious  insanity. — Sau- 
vages. 

AGRIPALMA  GALLIS,  Leonoras  cardiaca. 

AGRIP'PA,  JSgrip'pa,  from  ager  partus,  'dif- 
ficult birth:'  or  perhaps  from  oyoa,  'taking,  or 
seizure,'  and  *ovt,  '  tho  foot'  This  term  has 
been  given  to  those  ^born  by  the  feet  It  is  pre- 
tended that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained  their 
name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturition,  where 
the  feet  present,  is  called  Agrippa  partus,  Agrip- 
pirnu9,partH9. 

AGR1PPINUS  PARTUS,  see  Agrippa. 

AGRO  DI  CEDRO,  see  Citrus  medica. 

AGROPYRUM  LJ3VISSIMUM,  Triticum  re- 
pens. 

AGROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AG  RUN  A,  Prunus  spinosa. 

AGRYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vigil. 

AGRYPNO'DES,  from  aypvnwos,  'sleopleee.' 
Characterized  by  sleeplessness,  as  Febrie  Apry- 
pnode*,  a  fever  accompanied  with  sleeplessness. 


AQRYPN0TICU8 


M 


AITI05 


AGRYPNOTICUS,  Anthypnotie. 

AGRYP'NUS,  ayavwvof.    Sleepless;  vigilant. 

AGUA  DE  VERUGA,  see  Verugas. 

AGUARDIENTE,  Brandy.  See  also  Spirit. 
— o.  de  Italia,  see  Spirit. 

A'GUE,  from  Gothic,  agie,  'trembling/  (?)  In- 
termittent fever. 

Ague  and  Fever,  Intermittent  fever. 

Aoub  Cake,  Placen'ta  febri'lie,  Phueco'nia 
eple'nicum,  P.  eplenica,  Splenie  Tumor;  (F.)  G&- 
teau  febrile.  A  visceral  obstruction— generally 
in  the  spleen — which  follows  agues,  and  is  dis- 
tinctly felt  by  external  examination.  To  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  is  not  uncommon. 

Ague,  Dead,  see  Fever,  masked.  Ague  drop, 
tasteless,  Liquor  arsenicalis — a.  Dumb,  sec  Fever, 
masked — a.  Free,  Launts  sassafras — a.  Leaping, 
see  Leaping  ague— a.  Quartan,  Quartan — a.  Ter- 
tian, Tertian  fever — a^  Weed,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

AGUL,  Agkoul,  Alha'gi,  the  Hediea'rum  sen 
Hedvta'rum  alkagi.  A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia 
and  Mesopotamia,  which  affords  manna.  The 
leaves  are  purgative. 

AGY'ION,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yvtov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated  or  wanting  limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak, 
feeble. — Galen. 

AGYR'IAS,  from  ayvpv,  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Aetius,  Pare\ 

AGYRTA,  from  oyvpts,  *  a  crowd.'  Formerly, 
a  stroller  who  pretended  to  supernatural  powers. 
Subsequently,  a  quack  or  illiterate  pretender. 
See  Charlatan. 

AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

AHO'RA,  from  a,  privative,  and  '<*pa,  'youth.' 
Tardy  development  of  the  organs : — the  opposite 
to  Hyperho'ra. 

AHOUAI,  Tbevetia  ahouai. 

AHUSAL,  Orpiment. 

AHYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AIDE,  (F.)  Ad'jutor  mtn'toer.  An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 

AIDOROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

AIERSA,  Iris  Germanic*. 

AIGE,  uEgias. 

AIGLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
the  city  of  this  name,  in  Normandy,  is  the  cha- 
lybeate spring  of  Saint  Xantin,  much  used  in 
the  16th  and  17th  centuries. 

AIGLE,  ^gias. 

AIGRE,  Acidulous — a.  Voiz.    See  Acid. 

AIGRELET,  Acidulous. 

AIGRETTE,  see  Typha  latifolia, 

AIGREMOINE,  Agrimony. 

AIGREURS,  Acidities. 

AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — a.  &  Acupuncture,  see 
Needle — a.  d  Apnareil,  see  Needle — a.  d  lieo  de 
Lilvre,  see  Needle— a.  &  Cataracte,  see  Needle — 
a.  de  De*champ«,  see  Needle— a.  Engainie,  see 
Needle — a.  d  Fietule,  see  Needle — a.  d.  Gaine, 
see  Needle — a.  d  Ligature,  soe  Needle  —  a.  & 
Manche,  see  Needle — a.  d  Stton,  see  Needle — a. 
J  Suture,  see  Needle. 

AIGUILLON,  (F.)  Spina  Helmon'tii.  A 
term  used  since  the  time  of  Van  Holinont  to  de- 
signate the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation. 
According  to  him,  an  inflamed  part  is  in  the 
same  condition  as  if  an  aiguillon  or  thorn  were 
thrust  into  it. 

AIGU1SER,  to  Acidulate. 

AIL,  Allium. 

AILE,  Ala,  Aileron. 

AILERON,  (F.)  Ejttre*ma  Ala  sen  Pin'nula, 
diminutive  of  (F.)  Aile,  a  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
axe  attached. 


AILERONS  DE  LA  Af  A  TRICE.  Three 
folds  at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  the 
atoms,  which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its 
ligament,  the  Fallopian  tube,  and  the  round  liga- 
ment 

AIM  A,  'atfia,  see  Hasina. 

AIM  ANT,  Magnet 

AIMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

AIMORRHCEA,  Hemorrhagia. 

AIMORRHOIS,  IIsDznorrhois. 

AINE,  Inguen. 

AI  PAT  HI  A,  Continent  disease. 

A I  PI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIMA  COXERA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AI  PIP  OCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIR,  Air,  Pncuma,  from  am,  'I  breathe.' 
Common  Air,  Atmospheric  air  (F.)  Air  atmoepki- 
rique,  is  an  invisible,  transparent,  inodorous,  in- 
sipid, ponderable,  compressible,  and  elastic  fluid, 
which,  under  the  form  of  the  atmosphere,  sur- 
rounds the  earth  to  the  height  of  15  or  16 
leagues. 

Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases,  oxy- 
gen and  nitrogen,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of  the 
former  to  80  of  the  latter.  Ox>  gen  is  the  vital 
portion,  but  the  nitrogen  is  necessary  to  dilute  it. 
Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of  carbonic  acid 
gas,  and  has  always  floating  in  it  aqueous  va- 
pour, different  terrestrial  emanations,  Ac.  Its 
effects  upon  the  human  body  vary  according  to 
its  greater  or  less  density,  temperature,  moisture, 
Ac;  bonce,  change  of  air  is  found  extremely 
serviceable  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  certain 
morbid  conditions.  See  Climate  and  Respira- 
tion. 

AIR  ACIDE  VITRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous 
acid — a.  Alcalin,  Ammonia — a.  Atmoepkerique, 
Air. 

Air  Bladder,  Sunm-bladder,  Swimming  blad- 
der ;  (F.)  PVsst'e  natatoire.  An  abdominal  organ 
in  many  fishes,  sometimes  communicating  by 
means  of  a  duct  with  the  alimentary  canal,  at 
others,  not,  which  is  considered  by  some  to  be- 
long to  the  respiratory  system.  Its  content*  are 
the  elements  of  atmospheric  air,  but  An  different 
proportions ;  and  its  chief  and  general  function 
appears  to  be  to  regulate  the  specific  gravity  of 
the  fish. 

Air  Cbll8  or  th«  Lunob,  Bronchial  cells,*  see 
Cellule— a.  Chamber,  Folliculus  aeris — a.Dcphlo- 
gisticated,  Oxygen — a.  Empyreal,  Oxygen — a.  du 
Feu,  Oxygen — a.  Factitious,  Carbonic  acid — a. 
Fixed,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Qati,  Azote — a.  Inflam- 
mable, Hydrogen,  Hydrogen  carburetted. 

Air  Passages,  (F.)  Votes  airiennee,  F.  aeW- 
fere$.    The  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  Ac. 

Air,  Purr,  Oxygen — a.  Solid,  of  Hales,  Car- 
bonic acid— a.  Vicii,  Asote — a.  Vital,  Oxygen. 

AIRAIN,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 

AIRE,  Areola. 

AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vaccinium  myr- 
tillus — a.  PonctiUe,  Vaccinium  vitis  ideea. 

AIRIGNE,  Hook. 

AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Airthrey  is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are  saline  ca- 
thartics ;  containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  sulphate  of  sine,  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium. 

AISSELLE,  Axilla. 

AISTHESIS,  -fisthesis. 

AITHOMO'MA,  from  «*«,  'black.'  A  black 
condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye.  A* 
Pare\ 

AITIA,  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  ^tiologia. 

AITION,  Cause. 


AIX-LA-CHAPELLE 


56 


ALBUM  CANIS 


AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen.  A  ther- 
mal, sulphureous,  mineral  water,  which  contains, 
la  1000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches  of  sulpho- 
hydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of  carbonic 
acid  gas,  0.1301  grammes  of  carbonate  of  lime, 
0.0440  grammes  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  0.5444 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  2.3697  grammes 
of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2637  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
and  0.0705  of  silica.  The  temperature  is  134° 
Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  water  of  Aix-Ut-Chapelle,  A' qua 
Aquisaranen'sis,  (F.)  JSau  d '  Aiz-la-Ghapelle,  is 
made  by  adding  pure  water  f  ixvijss,  to  hydro- 
sulphuretted  water  f^iv.,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
xx,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix. — Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at  Aix 
in  Savoy  (08°),  and  some  thermal  springs  at  Aix 
in  Provence  (91°). 

AIZOON,  Sempervivum  teotorum. 

A' JUG  A,  A.  pyramida'lis,  Consol'ida  mefdia, 
Bu'gula,  B.pyramida'lis,  Teu'crium  pyramida'le, 
Upright  Bugloss,  Middle  Oonsound.  (F.)  Bugle 
pyramidale.  This  plant  is  subastringent  and 
bitter. 

Ajuqa  Chavjbpitts,  Tencrium  chamsspitys. 

Ajuga  Reptaxs,  Bu'gula,  B.  reptans,  Common 
Bugle,  (F.)  Bugle  rampante,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKINESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKOLOGY.  Materia  Medica. 

AKRATOPEGiB,  Acratopegn. 

ALA,  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a  wing.'  (F.)  Aile. 
A  term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line ;  as  the 
Aloi  nasi,  AUb  of  the  uterus,  Ac.  See  Axilla  and 
Pavilion  of  the  Ear.    Also,  Pterygium. 

Ala  Extrem a,  see  Aileron. 

ALABAS'TER,  Alabas'trum.  (F.)  Alb&tre, 
Alabastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made ; — the  «n- 
guen'tum  alabastri'nutn  /  used  as  a  discutient 
Alabaster  likewise  entered  into  several  denti- 
frices. 

ALABASTRITES,  Alabaster. 

ALJE  INTERNA  MINORES  CLITORIDIS, 
Nyraphoe — a.  Majorca,  Labia  pudendi — a.  Mino- 
res,  NymphsD— a.  Muliebres  minores,  Nymphss — 
a.  Nasi,  see  Nasus— a.  Pudendi  Muliebris,  Labia 
pudendi — a.  Pulmonum,  see  Palmo — a.  of  the 
Uterus,  sec  Ala — a.  Vespertilionis,  see  Uterus. 

ALAITER,  from  (E.)  lait,  '  milk.'    To  suckle. 

ALALIA,  Mutitas. 

ALAMB1C,  Alembic 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Arabians 
to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and  lower  lip, 
which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  opening  in  oases 
of  foe  tor  of  the  breath. — Avicenna. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Hindoostanee  name  of  a 
utone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments,  which 
is  considered  efficacious  in  arresting  hemorrhage 
when  applied  externally.  It  is  a  sulphuret  of 
iron. 

ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

Ala'res  Vena.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

ALA'RIA  OSSA.  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALA'RIS,  Ala'tue,  Aliform' is;  from  ala,  'a 
wing.'    Wing-shaped;  winged. 

ALATERNUS,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  ala- 
iernus  —  a.  Latifolius,  Rhamnus  alaternus. 

ALA'TUS.  Pterygo'des,  Homo  ala'tue.  One 
whose  scapulae  project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBAD'ARAN,  Aldabaran.  The  sesamoid 
bone  of  the  metatarso-phalangal  joint  of  the 


great  toe.    The  Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed 
extraordinary  virtues  to  it — Arabians. 

ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 

ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department 
of  the  Loire. 

ALBARAS  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides— a.  Nigra, 
Lepra  nigricans. 

ALBARAS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBA  TBS,  Alabaster. 

ALBEDO  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

ALBIN  V(EUF,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBINISM,  see  Albino. 

ALBINISMU8,  see  Albino. 

ALBI'NO  'White.'  Leuca'thiops,  uEthiops 
albus,  Dondo,  from  albue,  '  white.'  ( F.)  Blafard, 
Negre-blanc.  A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indivi- 
duals of  the  human  race  who  havo  the  skin  and 
hair  white;  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on  red; 
and  the  eyes  so  sensible,  that  they  cannot  bear 
the  light  of  day.  This  condition,  which  has  been 
called  Leucathio'pia,  Alpho'eie  JEthiop'ica,  Albi- 
nots'mus,  Albinis'mus,  Al'binism,  Leucopathi'a,  is 
seen  more  frequently  in  the  Negro.  Both  sexes 
are  exposed  to  it  It  does  not  seem  to  be  true, 
that  there  are  tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of 
Africa. 

ALBINOISMUS,  see  Albino. 

ALBOR  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'BORA.  A  kind  of  itch  or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 

ALBOT,  Crucible. 

ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina. 

ALBUGIN'EA,  Tu'nica  albugin'ea,  A.  Testis, 
Peritee'tie,  Dura  mater  testis,  Membra1 na  capsular 
He  testis.  (F.)  AlbuginSe,  Tunique  albuginSe.  A 
strong,  fibrous,  and  resisting  membrane,  which 
immediately  envelopes  the  testicle,  and  has,  at 
its  upper  party  an  enlargement,  called  corpus 
Highmorianum.  From  its  inner  surface  it  sends 
off  a  number  of  flat,  filiform  prolongations  or 
septa,  between  which  are  contained  the  semi- 
niferous vessels.  Externally  it  is  covered  by  the 
tunica  vaginalis  testis. 

ALBUGINSE,  Albuginea,  Albugineous. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS,  Albugin'eus,  'white,' from 
albus,  (F.)  AlbuginSe.  A  term  applied  to  tex- 
tures, humours,  <fcc,  whioh  are  perfectly  white. 

Albugin'eous  Fibre,  (F.)  Fibre  albuginSe.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  considers 
one  of  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibre  is  linear,  cylindrical, 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  a 
shining,  satiny  appearance.  It  forms  fasciae  or 
fasciculi,  which  constitute  the  tendons,  articular 
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses;  hence  the  name 
Albugineous  membranes,  given  by  Chaueeier  to 
the  fibrous  membranes. 

Gauthier  considered,  that  the  rete  mucorara 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  he  gives 
the  names  membra' na  albugin'ea  profun'da  and 
membra'na  albugin'ea  superficia'lis,  respectively. 

ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.)  Albuginite.  A  term 
employed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albugineous  tissue.  Thu*,  gout  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  apecies  of  the  genus 
albuginitis. 

ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leucoma— a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi 

ALBULA,  Leucoma. 

ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  grtecura— a.  Ceti, 
Cetaceum. 

Album  GrjBCUV,  Oynoc'oprus,  Spo'dium  Grm-      \ 
eo'rum,  Album  Oanis,  Stercus  Cani'num  Album. 
The  white  dung  of  the  dog.    It  consists  almost 


ALBUMEN 


sr 


ALCOHOL 


wholly  of  phosphate  of  lime,  from  the  bones  used 
an  food.  It  wu  formerly  applied  as  a  discuttent 
to  the  inside  of  the  throat  in  quinsies,  but  is 
now  justly  banished  from  practice. 

Album  Nigrum.  The  excrement  of  the  mouse. 

Album  Oculi,  see  Sclerotic 

Album  Rhazis.  A  white  ointment  made  of 
eerusse  and  lard,  prescribed  by  the  Arabian  phy- 
sician Rhazes. 

ALB U 'MEN,  Leuco'ma,  Ooni'nt,  Ozemun,  from 
albus,  'white.'  (F.)  Albuminc.  An  immediate 
principle  of  animals  and  vegetables,  which  con- 
stitutes the  chief  part  of  the  white  of  egg.  It  is 
found  in  the  serum,  chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluids, 
6c  There  is  not  much  difference  in  chemical 
composition  between  animal  and  vegetable  albu- 
men, fibrin  and  casein:  fibrin  alone  appears,  how- 
ever, to  be  possessed  of  plastic  properties.  Also, 
the  white  of  the  eye.    See  Sclerotic 

Albu'mbn  Ovi,  Albu'tnor,  Albu'go  (hi,  Albor 
Ovi,  Can'didum  Ovi,  Albu'men,  Clare' ta,  Ovi 
albus  liquor,  Albumen'tum,  Lae  ow'#  or  white  of 
egg,  (F.)  Blanc  d'ceuf,  (Old  F.)  Albin  famf,  is 
used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils,  Ac,  in 
water.    See  Ovum. 

ALBUMINE,  Albumen. 

ALBUMINURIA.  A  hybrid  term  from  'Albu- 
men,* and  ovpov,  *  the  urine.'  A  condition  of  the 
urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  presence 
of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation  on  the 
application  of  adequate  heat. 

ALBUMINURORRU^E,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

ALBUMOR,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'CAEST,  Al'cahest,  AVchaet,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all,  'all,'  and  geist,  *  spirit'  A  word  in- 
vented by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor,  which, 
according  to  him,  was  capable  of  removing  every 
kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont  for 
a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  reducing 
every  body  to  its  elements. 

Alcakst  of  Glaubbr  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonato  of 
potassa. 

Alcabst  of  Rbspour  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxyd  of  zinc 

ALGAHEST,  Aloaeet 

ALCAHOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCALES'CENCE,  Alkalescence,  Alcalescenf- 
tio.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalbscebcb  of  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  humourists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  asote,  and  produce  ammonia. 
Alcalih'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alcaline. 

AL'CALI  or  Alca'li,  Alkali,  from  al  (Arab.,) 
1  the/  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Salso'la  Soda, 
a  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  generally 
a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning  the 
syrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to  blue  in- 
fusion of  litmus,  which  has  been  reddened  by 
adds;  reddening  the  yellow  of  turmeric,  and 
having  the  greatest  tendency  to  unite  with  acids, 
whose  character  they  modify,  and  form  salts  with 
them.  In  medicine  we  understand  by  this  term 
Potassa,  Soda,  or  Ammonia. 

Alcali,  Caustic,  Alkali  Cans' Hcum.  A  pure 
alkali.    One  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  Fixed,  Soda  and  potassa;  Volatile 
Alcali,  Ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammobiacux  Acetatuk,  Liquor  am- 
monia) acetatis — a.  Ammoniacum  fluidum,  Liquor 
ammonia — a,  Fixum  tartarizatum,  Potassa  tar- 


tans—  a.  Mineral©  sulphuricum,  Soda,  sulphate 
of— a.  Tartari  aceto  saturatum,  Potassa;  acetas — 
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum,  Potassa) 
murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegetabile  tartari- 
satum,  Potassss  tartras — a.  Vegetabile  vitriola- 
tum,  Potasste  sulphas — a.  Volatile  acetatum,  Li- 
quor ammonite  acetatis  —  a.  Volatile  aeratum, 
Ammonias  carbonas — a.  Volatile  ex  sale  ammo- 
niaco,  Ammoniac  carbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote. 

ALCALINITY.    See  Alkalescence. 

ALCANA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ALCANNA  MAJOR  LATIFOLIA  DENTA- 
TA,  Prinos — a.  Orien talis,  Lawsonia  inermis — a. 
Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera,  Lawsonia 
inermis. 

ALCEA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  JEgyptiaca* 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  Indica,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus. 

Alce'a  Ro'sea,  Common  hollyhock.  Emollient* 
like  Althrca. 

ALCHACHENGE,  Physalis. 

ALCHACH1L,  Rosmarinus. 

ALCHAEST,  Alcahest 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 
with  the  Alchemists [?]  A.  vulga'ris,  Common 
Ladies'  Mantle,  Pee  Leo'nis,  Leontopo'dium,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Lion,  Formerly  in  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 

ALCHEMY,  Alchymy. 

ALCHITRAM,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCHITURA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCHOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCHORNEA  LATIFOLIA,  see  Alcornoquc 

AL'CHYMY,  Alchemy,  AlchemVa,  Alchimi'a, 
Adep'ta  Philosoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  par- 
ticle, signifying  '  superiority,  excellence,'  and 
Ohimia,  '  Chymistry.'  This  word  was  formerly 
synonymous  with  Chymistry ;  but,  from  the  7th 
century,  it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious 
art  of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  re- 
medy, and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  me- 
tals into  gold :  an  operation  to  which  they  gave 
the  name  Oput  magnum,  and  Philosopher'*  stone. 

Alchymy  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  eel 
Philosoph'ia  Hermet'ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art: 
'  Are  eine  arte,  cvjvs  principium  est  mentiri,  me- 
dium laborare,  etjinis  mendicare.' 

Al'chvmist,  Flatua'rius,  Adept.  One  pre- 
tending to  alchymy. 

ALCOCALUM,  Cynara  seolymus. 

AL'COHOL,  AVcahol,  Alchool,  Alkol,  Alcol, 
Alcool,  Alkool.  An  Arabic  word,  formerly  used 
for  an  impalpable  powder,  and  signifying  'very 
subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the  present  day  it  is 
applied  to  highly  rectified  spirit  of  wine:  —  see 
Spiritus  rectijlcatus  or  rectified  spirit,  distilled 
from  dried  Bubcarbonate  of  potassa.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  Alcohol  is  rectified  spirit  of  the  specific 
gravity  0.835. 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors ; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and  is 
the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  Ac.  Various 
other  vegetable  principles  are  Boluble  in  it,  and 
hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of  concentra- 
tion, in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinctures,  es- 
sences, Ac 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  powerful 
stimulus :  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is  used  in 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its  habitual 
and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many  serious 
affections,  of  a  chronic  character  especially,  al 
visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  Ac 


ALCOHOLIC 


68 


ALGEDON 


Alcohol  -Btiiereus  Ferbatus,  A.  Sulfurico- 
tothereus  ferri — a.  oum  Aloe  perfoliate,  Tinctura 
aloes — a.  Ammonias  et  guaiaci,  Tinctura  guaiaoi 
ammonlata — a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus  ammonias 
— a.  Ammoniatum  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nias  aromaticus — a.  Ammoniatum  fcetidum,  Spi- 
ritus ammonia  foetidus — a.  Amylicum,  Oil,  Fusel 
— a.  cum  Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulphuricum 
aeidum  aromaticum — a.  cum  Aromatibus  compo- 
site, Tinctura  cinnamomi  composita — a.  Casto- 
riatum,  Tinctura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  casca- 
rilla,  Tinctura  cascarillse— a,  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
tenuior — a.  Ferratus,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum 
tartarisatum — a.  cum  Guaiaco  officinale  ammo- 
niatus,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata — a.  Iodii, 
Tinctura  Iodines — a.  cum  Opio,  Tinctura  opii 
— a.  Sulphuricatum,  Elixir  aeidum  Halleri — a. 
Sulphuricum,  Elixir  aeidum  Halleri  —  a.  Sul- 
phuris,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — a.  Vini,  Spiritus 
rectificatus. 

ALCOHOL'IC,  Alcohol'icus,Spirituo'sus,Spir'- 
ituous.    Relating  to  or  containing  alcohol-— as 
an  alcoholic  drink  or  remedy. 
ALCOL,  Alcohol. 
ALGOLS,  Aphtha. 

ALCOOL,  Alcohol— a.  Camphri,  Spiritus  cam- 
phorse. 

AL CO OLAT,  Tincture. 
ALCOOLATUM,    Tincture— a.  AntiscorbutU 
cum,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis — a.  Carminativum 
Sylvii,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de  Croco  com- 
positura,  Tinqtura  de  Crooo  composita. 

ALCOOLISER  (F.)  Formerly,  'to  reduce  into 
an  impalpable  powder.'  No  longer  used. 
ALCOOLOMETER,  Areometer. 
AL CORNOQUE  (F.)  Cortex  Alcornoco.  The 
bark  of  Alchor'nea  latifo'lia,  of  Jamaica,  which 
has  been  considered  capable  of  curing  phthisis. 
It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent.  Dose 
of  the  powder  jji  to  £ss. 

AL'CYON,  Hal'cyon.  A  swallow  of  Coohin 
China,  whose  nest  is  gelatinous  and  very  nutri- 
tious. It  has  been  proposed  in  medicine  as  ana- 
leptic and  aphrodisiac 

ALCYO'NIUM,  Bastard  sponge.    The  ashes 
were  formerly  employed  as  dentrifices:  they  were 
believed  proper  for  favouring  the  growth  of  the 
hair  and  beard,  and  were  used  in  Alopecia. 
ALDABARAN,  Albadaran. 
ALDEHYDE,  see  Anaesthetic. 
ALDER,  AMERICAN,  Alnus  serratula— a. 
Black,  Prinos,  Rhamnus  frangula — a.  European. 
Alnus  glutinosa. 
ALE,  Corevisia. 
ALE  AC  AS,  Glycyrrhiza. 
ALECOST,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
ALECTO'RIUS    LAPIS,    Alecto'ria;    from 
a\<rr««p,  '  a  cock.'  The  name  of  a  stone,  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or,  according 
to  others,  in  that  of  the  capon,  four  years  old, 
Many  marvellous  properties  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  it,  whiol^  are  as  groundless  as  its  exist- 
ence.  There  are  no  stones  in  the  stomach,  except 
what  have  been  swallowed. 
ALEGAR,  Acetum. 
ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hedoraeea. 
ALEIMMA,  Liniment. 
ALEIPHA,  Liniment. 
ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from    oXc<0«,   'I  anoint.' 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
combatants  anointed  themsolves. 

ALEIP'TRON.    Same  etymon.    A  box  for 

containing  ointments. 

ALEMA,  Farina. 

ALEM'BIC   (Arab.)  Moorshead,   Capitel'lum, 

Oapifulum,  Am'bicus,  (F.)  Alambic.    A  utensil 

made  of  glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  adapted 


for  distillation.  A  stilL  It  consists  of  a  body 
or  cucurbit,  (F.)  cueurbite,  chaudiire,  to  which  is 
attached  a  head  or  capital,  (F.)  chapiteau,  and 
out  of  this  a  beak  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted 
into  the  receiver,  worm,  condenser,  or  refrigera- 
tor, (F.)  serpentin,  rifrigirant,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

ALEM'BROTH  (Salt,)  Sal  Alembroth.    The 
alchymists  designated  by  this  name,   and  by 
those  of  Sal  sapien'tia,  Sal  artis,  Sal  tita  and 
S.  Scien'tia,  the  product  resulting  from  the  sub- 
limation of  a  mixture  of  corrosive  sublimate  and 
sal  ammoniac.   It  is  stimulant,  but  not  employed. 
ALltSE,  (F.)  Alize,  Lin'teum,  from  aXefr,  'I 
preserve.'    A  guard.    A  cloth  arranged  in  seve- 
ral folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to  guard 
it  from  the  lochia!  or  other  discharges. 
ALETON,  Farina. 
ALETRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'etris,   A.  Farino'sa,  Stargrass,  Starwort, 
Blazing  star,  Aloe-root,  Bitter  grass,  Black  root, 
Unicorn  root,  Ague  root,  Ague  grass,  DcviPs  bit, 
Mealy  startoort,  (F.)  AUtris  Meunier,    Nat.  Ord. 
Asphodeleae.     Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
This  plant  is  an  intense  and  permanent  bitter, 
and  is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic.    It  is  com- 
mon in  tho  United  States. 
ALEURON,  Farina. 
ALEUROTESIS,  see  Cribration. 
ALEXANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusntrum. 
ALEXANDRI  ANTIDOTUS  AUREA.    See 
Alexandrine. 

ALEXAN'DRINE,   Emplas'trum  Alexan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  contem- 
porary of  Mesne.     Other  ancient  preparations 
were   called  'Alexandrine,*'   as   the  Alexan'dri 
antid'otus  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy ;  the  CoHyr1- 
ium  siccum  Alexandri'num,  or  ' Colly rixan  of  King 
Alexander/  mentioned  by  Aetius. 
ALEXICACUM,  Amuletum,  Alexipharmic. 
ALEXIPHAR'MIC,    Alexiphar'macus,   Anti- 
phar'macus,  Alexica'cus,  Caco-alexite'ria,  Lexi- 
phar'macus,  (F.)  Alexipharmaque,  from  a\c£uv, 
'to  repel,'  and  QapuaKov,  'poison.'    A  term  for- 
merly used  for  medicines  which  were  considered 
proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  various  mor- 
bific principles,  or  for  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 
ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 
ALEXIR,  Elixir. 

ALEXITE'RIA,  Ckca&anVria,  from  aXefiffdai, 
'to  assist/  Originally,  alexiterium  was  used 
synonymously  with  remedy.  In  more  modern 
times  it  has  been  applied  to  a  class  of  medicines, 
that  counteract  poisons  placed  in  contact  with  the 
exterior  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to  alex- 
ipharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM  CHLORICUM,  see  Disin- 
fection— a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 
ALJtZE,  Attse. 
ALFUSA,  Tutia. 
ALGA  MARINA,  Pila  marina. 
ALGALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot,  Algaro'thi  Pulris, 
Pulvis  Angel'icus,  Ox'idum  sen  Submu'rias  Stib'ii 
pratcipitan'do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  Nitro-muriat'icum,  Ox'idum 
Stib'ii  Acf'ido  Muriat'ico  oxygena'to  para'tum, 
Mercu'rius  Vita,  Mercu'rius  Mortis,  Flowers  of 
Antimony,  (F.)  Oxyde  oVAntimoinet  so  called  from 
Victor  Algarothi,  a  Veronese  physician.  The 
sub-muriate  of  protoxide  of  antimony,  separated 
from  the  muriate  of  antimony  by  washing  away 
some  of  its  acid.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as 
an  emetic,  purgative,  and  diaphoretic. 

ALGE'DON,  from  aXyos,  'pain.'  Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oo- 
,  earring  in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 


ALGEMA 


59 


Aloedox,  Pain. 

ALGEMA,  Pain. 

ALGESIS,  Pain. 

ALGETICUS,  see  Algos. 

AL'GIDUS,  from  algor,  'cold.'  That  which 
if  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Al'gida  Febris,  F.  horrifica,  F.  hor'rida,  F. 
quer'quera,  F.  crymo'dcs,  Bry'cetus,  Bry'chetus. 
(F.)  Filvre  algide,  Algid  Fever,  A  pernicious 
intermittent,  accompanied  by  icy  coldness,  which 
is  often  fatal  in  the  second  or  third  paroxysm. 

ALGOR,  Rigor. 

ALGOS,  aXjoe,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alget'icus,  'painful/  as  Epilepsia  alget'ica.  The 
suffix  abjia  has  the  same  signification,  —  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  Plcuralgia,  Neuralgia,  Ac. 

ALGOSPAS'MUS,  from  aXyos,  'pain/  and 
cvaapog,  'spasm.'  Painful  spasm  or  cramp  of 
the  muscles. 

ALIIAGI,  Agul. 

ALHANDAL,  see  Cucumis  eolocynthu. 

ALHASEF,  Sudamina. 

ALIBILIS,  Nutritious. 

AL'ICAt  Hal'ica,  Farina' rium,  Chondrus,  from 
alere,  'to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the  an- 
cients made  their  tisanes  ,*  supposed,  by  some,  to 
have  been  the  Triticum  spelta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  hare  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AL'ICES,  from  «Ai£w,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  small  pox. 

A  LIE  X  AT  10,  Anomalia — a.  Mentis,  Insanity. 

ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 

ALIENUS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

ALIFORMIS,  Alaris,  Pterygoid. 

ALIOULUS,  Confection. 

ALIMA,  Aliment 

ALIMELLiE,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  AVima,  JTarma'lia, 
Nutri'men,  Nu'triens,  Sustentaculum,  Ciba'rium, 
Broma,  Oomis'ti,  Cibus,  Esca,  Nutri'tus,  Nutri- 
men'tum,  Sitos,  Trophl.  (¥.)  Aliment,  Nourri- 
ture,  from  alere,  '  to  nourisn.'  Food.  Any  sub- 
stance which,  if  introduced  into  the  system,  is 
capable  of  nourishing  it  and  repairing  its  losseB. 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 
important  branches  of  hygiene.  They  are  con- 
fined to  the  organized  kingdom, — the  mineral 
affording  none. 

As  regards  the  immediate  principles  which 
predominate  in  their  composition,  they  have  been 
classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows : — 

TABLB  OF  ALIMENTS. 

Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 
dian corn,  potato,  sago,  peas, 
beans,  Ac. 

Carrot,  salsify,  beet,  turnip,  aspara- 
gus, cabbage,  lettuce,  artichoke, 
melon,  Ac 

Sugar,  fl(c>  date,  raisin,  apricot,  Ac, 

Orange,  currant,  gooseberry,  cher- 


1.  Fseulacssms. 


S.  Mucilaginous. 

3.  Saccharins. 

4.  Acidulous. 


i 


5.  Oleaginous   and: 

6.  Caseous. 

7.  Gelatinous. 

8.  Albuminous. 
0.  Fibrinous. 


rj,  peach,  strawberry,  raspberry, 

mulberry,  prune,  pear,  apple, 

sorrel,  Ac. 
Cocoa,  olive,  sweet  almond,  nut, 

walnut,  animal  iat,  oil,  butter, 

Ac. 
Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 
Tendon,  aponeurosis,  true  skin, 

cellular   texture;   very  young 

animals. 
Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  Ao. 
Flash  and  blood. 


Dr.  Prout  has  four  great  classes — the  aqueous, 
saccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous:  —  Dr. 
Pereira  twelve; — the  aqueous,  mucilaginous  or 
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous,  pecti- 
nacsous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty,  pro- 
teinaceous,  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

Liebig  divides  them  into  two  classes:  — the 


xrrmoGEinzKD  or  plastic  elements  of  ntttbi- 
tiox,  in  which  he  comprises  vegetable  fibrin, 
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable  casein,  Jlesh  and 
blood;  and  the  kox-nitbogexieed  elements  of 
respiration,  in  which  he  comprises,  fat,  starch, 
gum,  cane  sugar,  grape  eugar,  sugar  of  milk,  pec- 
tin, bassorin,  wine,  beer  and  spirits.  The  former 
alone,  in  his  view,  are  insentient  to  the  nutrition 
of  organ iied  tissue :  the  latter  are  burnt  in  respi- 
ration, and  furnish  heat. 

The  following  simple  arrangement  is,  perhaps, 
as  little  objectionable  as  any : 

1.  Mtrotsnized  Aliments.        J  TS&S^**0*** 
(JLminous,  of  Prout)   JffiSST 

(  Amvlacpous. 
3.  J^n-nitrogsnitsd  Aliments  A  Saccharine. 

(  Oleaginous. 

The  second  division  might  be  still  farther  sim- 
plified, inasmuch  as  amylaceous  aliments  arc 
convertible  into  sugar  during  tho  digestive  pro- 
cess ;  and,  from  both,  oleaginous  matter  may  be 
formed. 

ALIMENTARY  TUBE,  Canal,  alimentary. 

ALIMENTATION,  Alimenta'tio.  The  act  of 
nourishing. 

ALIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS,  Glycyrrhiia. 

ALINDE'SIS,  from  alivlouat,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocrates. 

ALIPjE'>'0S,  Alipa'num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a» 
priv.,  and  Xixavtts,  'to  be  fat.'  Ah  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  externa',  nvie'dr,  devoid  of 
fat  or  moisture;  such  as  por#<?«*rJw»— <ifien. 

ALIPANTOS,  Alipienv, 

ALIP'TA,  Alip'tes,  ititx  •<*+»,  'I  tnoint* 
He  who  anointed  th*  AtiiliUe  after  bathing 
The  place  where  this  *cj  done  was  called  Alip- 
te'rium. 

ALIPTERITJM,  w  *  AHpta. 

ALIP'TICA,  sario  etymon.  The  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  wbJth  treated  of  inunction,  as  L 
means  of  preservi  ig  health. 

ALIS/ER  BIANO,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALISMA,  A.  plantago,  Arnica  montana — a, 
Orammifolia,  A  plantago  —  a.  Lanceola'ta,  A. 
plantago. 

Alis'xa  Pla'iTa'oo,  Alisma,  A.  lanceola'ta  set 
graminifo'lia,  i'lanta'go  aquat'ica,  Water  Plan- 
tain, (F.)  Ploxiain  d'Eau.  Nat.  Ord.  Alismacea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  H'  ftandria  Polygynia.  The  fresh  root 
is  acrid,  an*  the  dried  leaves  will  vesicate.  The 
leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes  for  Uva 
Ursi. 

ALITUR  A,  Nutrition. 

AL'JpALE,  O'leum  Galli'n*.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat 

ALKALESCENCE,  Alcalescence. 

ALKALI,  see  Alcali — a.  Ammoniacnm  caus- 
ticum,  Ammonia — a.  Ammoniacum  spirituosum, 
Spiritus  ammonise — a.  Minerale  nitratum,  Soda, 
nitrate  of — a,  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda, 
phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinum,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of— a.  Vegetable,  Potash — a.  Vegetal  ile  cum 
aceto,  Potasssa  acetas— a.  Vegetabile  fix  urn  caus- 
ticum,  Potassa  fusa — a.  Volatile,  Ammonia — a 
Volatile  causticum,  Ammonia — a.  Volatile,  con. 
crete,  Ammonise  carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitratum, 
Ammonia  nitres — a.  Volatile  tartarisatum,  Am- 
monias tartras — a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  Ammo- 
nia sulphas. 

ALKANET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermum  offici- 
nale— a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Garden, 
Anchnsa  officinalis — a.  Officinal,  Anchusa  offloJ- 
nalis. 

ALKAR,  Medicament 


ALKEKENGI 


60 


ALLOTRIOfiCCRlSIS 


ALKEKERGI,  Physalis. 

ALKER'MES,  Confec'tio  Alker'mee,  Alcher'- 
•ret.  A  celebrated  electuary,  composed  of  a  mul- 
titude of  substances.  It  was  so  called  from  the 
grains  of  kermes  contained  in  it  It  was  used 
as  a  stimulant    Also,  kermes. 

ALKERVA,  see  Ricinus  communis, 

ALKITRAN,  Cedria. 

ALKOL,  Alcohol. 

ALKOOL,  AlcohoL 

ALL  A,  Cerevisia. 

ALLAITEMENT,  Lactation. 

ALLAMAN'DA,  A.  Cathar'tica  sen  grandi- 
do'ra,  Ore'lia  grandiflo'ra,  GaVaHps,  Echi'nus 
scandens,  Apoc"ynum  scandens.  A  shrub,  native 
of  Guiana,  the  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  said  by 
Linnaeus  to  be  useful  in  Colica  Pictonum. 

ALLANTODES,  Allantoic 

ALLAN'TOIC  ACID,  Ae"idum  allanto'icum. 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the  allan- 
tois  of  the  cow. 

ALLANTOIDES,  Allantoic 

ALLAN'TOIS,  Allantol'des,  Allanto'des,  Mem- 
bra'na  urina'ria,  ,M  sen  Tunica  Farcimina'lis, 
}[.  Intestina'lis,  the  AUantoid  Vesicle,  from  a\\as, 
'  a  sausage,'  and  tiiot,  *  shape.'  A  sort  of  elon- 
gated bladder,  between  the  ohorion  and  amnion 
of  the  foetus,  which  is  thrown  out  from  the  caudal 
extremity  of  the  embryo,  and  communicates  with 
the  bladder  by  the  urachus.  It  is  very  apparent 
In  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the  human  species.  As 
the  allantois  is  developed,  its  walls  become  very 
vascular,  and  contain  the  ramifications  of  what 
become  the  umbilical  artery  and  vein,  which,  by 
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought 
through  the  villi  of  the  chorion,  into  indirect 
communication  with  the  vessels  of  the  mother. 

ALLANTOTOX'ICUM,  from  aXXat,  'a  sau- 
sage/ and  rofaov,  'a  poison.'  Sausage  poison 
(G.)  Wurstgift.  The  Germans  have  given  this 
name  to  a  poison  developed  in  sausages  formed 
of  blood  and  liver. 

ALLELUIA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

ALLE'VIATOR:  from  ad,  'to/  and  levare,  'to 
raise.'  A  soother.  An  instrument  for  raising  in- 
valids, invented  by  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Rhode  Island. 
It  consists  of  two  upright  posts,  about  six  feet 
high,  each  supported  by  a  pedestal;  of  two  hori- 
lontal  bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer  than  a  com- 
mon bedstead ;  of  a  windlass  of  the  same  length, 
placed  six  inches  below  the  upper  bar;  of  a  cog- 
wheel and  handle;  of  linen  belts  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  wide;  of  straps  secured  at  one  end 
of  the  windlass ;  and  at  the  other  having  hooks 
attached  to  corresponding  eyes  in  the  linen  belts, 
and  of  a  head-piece  made  of  netting.  The  pa- 
tient lying  on  his  mattress,  the  surgeon  passes 
the  linen  belts  beneath  his  body,  attaching  them 
to  the  hooks  on  the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  ad- 
justing the  whole  at  the  proper  distance  and 
length,  so  as  to  balance  the  body  exactly,  and 
then  raises  it  from  the  mattress  by  turning  the 
handle  of  the  windlass.  To  lower  the  patient 
again,  and  replace  him  on  the  mattress,  the  wind- 
lass must  be  reversed. 

ALLGOOD,  Ghenopodium  bonus  Honricus. 

ALLHEAL,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

ALLIA'CEOTJS,  aUia'ceus,  from  allium,  'gar- 
lic'    Belonging  to  garlic,  as  alliaceous  odour. 

ALU  AIRE,  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA,  from  allium,  its  smell  resembling 
garlic.  A.  cjflcina'lis,  Erysimum  allia'ria  seu 
eordifo'lium,  Sisymbrium  allia'ria,  Jack-in-the- 
kedpe,  stinking  hedge  Mustard,  Hedqe  Garlic, 
Sauce-alone,  Hes* peris  allia'ria,  (F.)  Alliaire. 
This  plant  has  been  sometimes  given  in  humid 
Mtbma  and  dyspnoea.  It  is  reputed  to  be  dia- 
phoretic, diuretic,  and  antiscorbutic* 


The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup  of 
alliaria,  Sirop  d'irysimum  compost,  which  is  used 
in  hoarseness. 

ALLIGATURA,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

ALLIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

AL'LIUM,  from  oleo,  *  I  smelL'  A.  sativum, 
Tkeriaca  rustico'rum,  Ampelop'rasum,  Scor'odon, 
Scordon,  Garlic,  (F.)  AiL  flat.  Ord.  Aspho- 
deleea.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A 
native  of  Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The 
bulbs  or  cloves,  Ag'lithes,  have  a  strong,  offensive, 
and  penetrating  odour,  and  a  sweetish,  biting, 
and  caustio  taste.  Internally,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  diapho- 
retic, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient, maturative,  and  repellent 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  f  Tss  to  f  jy.  of  the  juice. 

Taylor's  Remedy  for  Deafness,  a  nostrum,  ap- 
pears to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of  al- 
monds, and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

Allium  Ascalonicum,  fichalotte. 

Al'lium  Cbpa,  Oepa  vulga'ris,  Common  Onion, 
Cepul'la,  Orom'myon,  (F.)  Oignon.  Acrid  and 
stimulating,  and  possessing  very  little  nutriment 
Onions  have  been  used  as  stimulants,  diuretics, 
and  anthelmintics.  The  boiled  or  roasted  onion, 
as  a  cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  maturating. 
The  fresh  root  is  rubefacient  The  expressed 
juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia  and  in  rheu- 
matism. 

Allium  Gallicum,  Portulaca,— a.  Plantagi- 
neum,  A.  Victoriale. 

Al'lium  Porrum,  Porrum.  P.  sati'vum,  Pro- 
sum,  the  Leek  or  Porret ;  (F.)  Poireau,  Porreau. 
It  possesses  the  same  property  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  acids, 
and  alkalies. 

Allium  Redolexb,  Teucrium  scordium. 

Al'lium  Victoria'lB,  A.  plantagin'eum,  Ccpa 
victoria'lis,  Vietoria'lis  longa.  The  root,  which, 
when  dried,  loses  its  alliaceous  smell  and  taste, 
is  said  to  be  efficacious  in  allaying  the  abdominal 
spasms  of  pregnant  women  (?) 

ALLOCHET'IA,  Allotriochefia,  from  akXos, 
'  another,'  and  xctll¥*  '  to  go  to  stool.'  The  dis- 
charge of  extraneous  matters  from  the  bowels. 
The  discharge  of  faeces  by  an  abnormous  opening. 

ALLOC  HO  OS,  Delirious. 

ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  oXAoj,  'another/ 
and  XP^t"*,  '  colour.'    A  change  of  colour. 

ALL(EOPATHIA,  Allopathy. 

ALL(EOPATHIC,  Allopathic 

ALLCEOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALL(EOTICUS,  Alterative, 

ALLOIOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLOIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLONGEMENT,  Elongation. 

ALLOPATII,  Allopathist 

ALLOPATHE8,  Allopathic 

ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath' ieme,  AlUeopatVie, 
AUaopath'icus,  AUop'athes,  Heteropath' ic,  from 
aXXoi,  'another,'  and  *a0»;,  'affection.'  Relating 
to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical  practice,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  homoeopathic. 

ALLOP'ATHIST,  Al'lopath,  aame  etymon. 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHY,  Allopathic,  AUotopathia,  By- 
penantio'sis,  Hypenantio'ma,  Cura'tio  contrario'- 
rum  per  contra'ria,  same  etymon.  The  opposite 
to  homoeopathy.    The  ordinary  medical  practice. 

ALLOPIIASIS,  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIOCHETIA,  Allochetia. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aXXornos,  'fo- 
reign,' and  «W,  'a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALL0TRI0ECCRISI8,  from  oAAorpt»f,  <fo- 


ALLOTRIOGBTJSTIA 


61 


ALTERATION 


reign/  and  ecrpifft;/  'separation.'  The  separa- 
tion of  extraneous  matters  from  the  body  in  dis- 
ease. 

ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA,  Parageusia. 

ALLOTRIOPHAGIA,  Malacia. 

ALLOTRIOTEX'IS,  from  aMorptot,  'foreign/ 
and  rcfa,  *  parturition.'  The  bringing  forth  of 
an  abnormous  foetus. 

ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aWorptos,  'foreign/ 
and  ovpov,  'urine'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM;  from  «Mof,  'another/  and 
rpoiroj,  '  a  turn  or  change.'  A  term  recently  in- 
troduced into  chemistry ;  the  object  of  which  is 
to  express  the  property  possessed  by  certain 
simple  bodies,  of  assuming  different  qualities  on 
being  subjected  to  certain  modes  of  treatment. 
Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three  forms  — 
plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a.  Bash, 
Lauras  Benxoin — a.  Carolina,  Caly  can  thus — a. 
Wild,  Laurus  Benvoin. 

ALLUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Influenia. 

ALMA,  Water. 

ALMARTAB,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

ALMEZERION,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ALMOND,  Amygdala. 

Almond  Bloov.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  Brazil  dust  §j,  water  Oiij ;  boil  and  strain ; 
and  add  isinglass  %v\t  grana  sylvestria  £[},  or 
cochineal  IJij,  alum  Jj,  borax  giij ;  boil  again, 
and  strain  through  a  fine  cloth. 

Almond  Cake,  see  Amygdala— a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil — a.  Earth,  Arachis  hypogsea — a.  Paste, 
see  Amygdala — a.  Powder,  see  Amygdala — a.  of 
the  Throat,  Tonsil. 

ALNUS,  A.  glutifosa — a.  Communis,  A.  gluti- 
nosa. 

ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA,  Alma,  A  commu'ni; 
Bet'ula  glutino'ea  seu  emargina'ta,  Europe' an  Al- 
der. A  tree  which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist 
E  laces.  The  bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and 
itter ;  and  hence  are  employed  in  intermittents, 
and  as  a  tonie  and  astringent. 

Alxus  Serrat'ula,  American  Alder,  has  simi- 
lar properties. 

Alxus  Nigra,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

ALOCHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Xogcia,  'lo- 
chia.'   Absence  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ALOEDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine, 
,  containing  aloes. — Gorrous. 

ALOE,  Aloes. 

ALOE  ROOT,  Aletris  ferinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al'oi,  Fel  Ifatn'r*.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  Aloe.  Ifat.  Ord.  AsphodelesB.  Sew. 
Sust.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Aloes  Barbapensis,  A.  hepatica— -  a.  Bombay, 
A.  hepatica— a.  dee  Barbades,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Quinien'si;  Horse- 
aloes.  ^  Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected 
in  Spain  and  Portugal,  and  is  very  coarse. 

Aloes  en  Calbbasses,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes,  Cape,  Shining  Aloes;  a  cheap  and  ex- 
cellent form  of  aloes,  collected  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  from  Aloe  ferox,  A.  Africana,  A. 
spicata,  and  other  species. 

Aloes,  East  India,  A.  Succotorina— a.  Guini- 
ensis,  A.  Caballina. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vulga'ris,  A.  Barbaden'- 
sis,  Mepat'ie  aloes,  Bombay  aloe;  Barba'does 
aloes,  A.  vulga'ris  extrac'tum,  (P.)  Aloes  en  cali- 
bcuses,  A.  dee  Barbadee.  This  species  has  a  very 
disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely  bitter  and 
nauseous  taste.    Properties  the  same  as  the  last. 

Aloes,  Horse,  A.  Caballina— a.  Lucida,  A. 
Succotorina— a.  Socotrine,  A.  Sueootorina—  a. 
6picata  extractum,  A.  Succotorina, 


Aloes  Sttccotori'ka,  Soc'otrins  aloe*,  Tnrkev 
aloe;  East  India  aloes,  Alois  lu'eida,  A.  Zoctori'- 
nia,  A.  spica'ta  extrac'tum,  An'ima  Alois,  is  the 
best  species.  Its  odour  is  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
very  bitter,  and  slightly  aromatic;  colour  red- 
dish-brown, with  a  shade  of  purple ;  mass  hard, 
friable ;  fracture  eonchoidal  and  glossy ;  soluble 
in  dilute  alcohol.  Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
yellow  colour.  It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimu- 
lating; emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stoma- 
chic. Asa  cathartic,  it  affects  the  rectum  chiefly. 
Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v.  to  J)j.  in  pill. 

Aloes,  Turkey,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Vulgaris, 
A.  hepaticus. — a.  Wood,  Agallochum — a.  Zocto- 
rinia,  A.  Succotorina. 

ALOET'IC,  Aioifictts.  A  preparation  which 
contains  aloes. 

ALOEXYLON,  Agallochum. 

ALOGOTROPH'IA,  from  aXoyot,  'dispropor- 
tionate/ and  Tpefti,  *  nutrition.'  Irregular  nutri- 
tion. Used  particularly  to  designate  the  irregu- 
lar manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of  bones  is 
effected  in  rickety  individuals. 

ALOPECES,  Psosb. 

ALOPE'CIA,  from  aXwnZ,  «afox;'  (this  ani- 
mal being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  affection.) 
Capillo'rum  deflu'vium,  Athrix  depi'lis,  Phalae- 
ro'ti;  Depila'tio,  Tricho'sis  Athrix,  Gangra'na 
Alope'cia,  Atrich'ia,  Deflu'vium  seu  Lapsus  Pilo'~ 
rum,  Lipsotrich'ia,  Vulpis  morbus,  Baldness. 
Falling  off  of  the  hair ;  loss  of  the  hair.  When 
this  is  confined  to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is 
called  calcities,  although  the  terms  are  often  used 
synonymously. 

Alopecia  Areata,  Porrigo  decalvans — a.  Cir. 
cumscripta,  Porrigo  decalvans-— a  Partialis,  Por- 
rigo decalvans. 

ALO UCHE,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALOUCH'I.  The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in  oil, 
form  an  antipsorio  ointment.  The  juice  of  the 
leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  employed 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPHENIC,  Saccharum  candidum. 

ALPHITEDON,  see  Fracture. 

ALPH'ITON,  aAfiw,  Polen'ta,  ParCna.  Any 
kind  of  meal.  Toasted  barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
tes. Polenta  means  also  a  food  composed  of  In- 
dian meal,  cheese,  Ac.    See  Farina. 

ALPHON'SIN,  Alphon'sinunu  A  kind  of  bul- 
let forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crayon,  so  called 
from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of  Naples.— 
Scultetus. 

ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALPHOSIS  -ffiTHIOPICA,  see  Albino. 

ALPINIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  ear- 
damomum — a.  Galanga,  Maranta  galanga. 

ALPISTE,  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 

ALSANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

ALSI'NE  ME'DIA,  A.  avicula'rum  seu  vulga- 
ris, from  a\ffot,  '  a  grove/  because  growing  abun- 
dantly in  the  woods.  Moreus  Galli'na,  Holos'- 
teum  Alsi'ni,  Stella' ria  me'dia,  Mouse-ear,  Chick- 
weed,  (F.)  Mouron  des  Oxseaux,  Moraoline.  This 
plant,  if  boiled  tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spinach, 
and  forms  an  excellent  emollient  poultice.  It 
was  formerly  regarded  as  a  vulnerary  and  deter- 
gent T 

ALTAFOR,  Camphor. 

ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex,  female. 

ALTERANS,  Alterative. 

ALTERANT,  Alterative. 

ALTERATION,  Altera' tio,  from  alter,  'other, 
AUoio'sis,  Allceo'si*.  This  word  if  used  in  France 


ALTERATIVE 


62 


ALVEOLUS 


to  express  a  morbid  change  which  supervenes  in 
the  expression  of  the  countenance  (alteration  de 
la  face,)  or  in  the  struoture  of  an  organ  (altera- 
tion organiqne,)  or  in  the  nature  of  fluids  excreted 
{admiration  de  Purine,  de*  larmea,  du  lait,  &c.) 

Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  different 
sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease.  In 
this  case  its  etymology  is  different  It  comes 
from  haliter,  and  was  formerly  written  haUter- 
ation. 

AL'TERATIVE,  Al'teran*,  Alloxoticua,  Allae- 
oficuM,  AlUot'icue,  Immu'tan*,  An  agent  con- 
sidered to  be  capable  of  producing  a  salutary 
change  in  a  disease,  but  without  exciting  any 
sensible  evacuation.  As  medicine  improves,  this 
uncertain  olass  of  remedies  becomes,  of  necessity, 
diminished  in  number.     See  Eutrophie. 

(F.)  Alterant.  The  French  term  likewise 
meanB,  that  which  causes  thirst, — Siticulo'eue, 
Dipeet'icu*,  as  altirer  means  both  to  change,  and 
to  cause  thirst.  S'altirer  is  to  experience  a 
change  for  the  worse, — corrum'pi.) 

ALTERCANGENON,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTHiE'A,  from  dX&uy,  'to  heal  f  A.  ojftcina'- 
lis,  Malvavie'cum,  Arirtaltha' a,  Hibi*'cu»,  IbU'- 
chu*,  Ibie'cha  mismal'va,  Biemal'va,  Marsh  mal- 
low. (F.)  Ouimauve.  Nat.  Ord.  Malvaceas.  Sex. 
S>/ st.  Monadelphia  Polyandria.  The  leaves, 
Alihce'm  fo'lia,  and  root,  Altha'a  radix,  contain 
much  mucilage.  They  are  emollient  and  demul- 
cent, and  are  employed  wherever  medicines,  pos- 
sessing such  properties,  are  required.  In  the  Ph. 
TJ.  8.,  Althaea  is  the  root  of  Althaea  officinalis. 

ALTHANAIHA,  Orpiment 

ALTIIEUS,  Physician. 

ALTIIEXIS,  Curation. 

ALTHOS,  Medicament 

ALTILIBAT,  Terebinthina. 

ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Vitrum  eublimato'rium.  A 
hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthen  ware,  with 
a  short  neck  projecting  at  each  end,  by  means  of 
which  one  glass  might  bo  set  upon  the  other. 
The  uppermost  had  no  aperture  at  the  top.  Alu- 
dels  were  formerly  used  in  the  sublimation  of 
various  substanoes. 

A'LULA ;  diminutive  of  ala,  'a  wing.'  A  little 
wing. 

ALUM,  Symphytum — a.  Cataplasm,  Coagulum 
aluminosum — a.  Egyptian,  JSgyptia  stypteria. 

Alum,  Roche,  Alu'men  de  Rochi,  (F.)  Alun  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Roccha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory  of  it  It  is  in  pieces  of 
the  size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish 
efflorescence. 

Common  Roche  Alum,  A.  Rochi  Oalli*.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum,  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.    It  is  white  when  broken. 

Alum,  Solution  of,  Compound,  Liq.  aluminia 
compos. 

Alum  Root,  Geranium  maculatum,  Heuchera 
cortusa. 

ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic  term,  alum,)  Alum, 
Hypereul'pha*  alu'mina  et  Potae'ea,  Potat'sa 
alu' mino-eulpha*,  Sul'pha*  Alumina  Acid'ulu* 
cum  Pota*'*d,  Sulpha*  Alu'mina,  Sul'pha*  KaV- 
ico-alumin'icum,  Sulpha*  alumina'ri*,  Super*td'- 
phae  alu'mina  et  potaJsa,  Argil'la  tulphu'rica 
alcaliea'ta,  A.  vitriola'ta,  Stypte'ria,  SupereuV- 
pha*  Argil' Ub  alcaliea'tum,  Argilla  Kalitulphu- 
rica.    (F.)  Alun, 

Alum  en  Catinuv,  Potash  of  commerce  —  a. 
Fixum,  see  Potash  —  a.  Einosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  aluminsa  compositus. 

Alu'men  Commu'ne,  Common  alum,  English 
alum,  Rock  alum,  Alumen  facti"tium>  A.  crystal' - 
linum,  A.  ru'peum,  (F.)  Alun  tfAnglettrre,  is  the 
variety  usually  employed.    It  is  in  octahedral 


crystals,  but  generally  in  large,  white,  somitrans- 
parent  masses;  has  a  sweetish,  styptic  taste; 
effloresces  in  the  air,  and  is  Boluble  in  16  parts  of 
water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  as 
such  is  used  internally  and  externally.  Dose,  gr. 
v.  to  xv. 

Alu'men  Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  ustum,  A*  caU 
cina'tum,  Sulpha*  alu'mina  fu*u»,  Argil'la  *ul- 
phu'rica  u*ta,  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum.  (F.)  Alun 
calcine" ,  (Alum  melted  in  an  earthen  vessel  until 
ebullition  ceases.)    Escharotic 

Alu'men  Roma'num,  Roman  alum,  A.  Ru'H- 
lum,  A.  Rubrum.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome.  In  crys- 
tals, which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and 
covered  with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 

ALUMINA,  ACETATE  OF,  AluminaB  Acetas 
—  a.  Depurata,  Argilla  pura — a.  Pura,  Argilla 
pura — a.  Sulphate  of,  Aluminas  Sulphas. 

ALU'MINA  ACE'TAS,  Argil'la  Ace' to*,  Ace- 
tate of  Alu'mina,  A  deliquescent  salt,  obtained 
by  the  addition  of  acetate  of  lead  to  tulphate  of 
alumina  and  potasea.  It  possesses  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  sulphato  of  alumina. 

Alu'miNjC  et  Potass^  Hypersulphas,  Alu- 
men —  a.  et  Potass©  supersulphas,  Alumen  —  a> 
Sulphas,  Alumen. 

Alu'mina  Sulphas,  Argilla  Sulpha*,  Sulphate 
of  Alu'mina.  Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  may 
be  made  by  the  direct  combination  of  alumina 
and  sulphuric  acid,  and  contains  30  per  cent  of 
the  former,  to  70  per  cent  of  the  latter.  It  is 
a  deliquescent  salt;  and  is  an  excellent  antisep- 
tic and  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to 
preserve  dead  bodies  —  a  strong  solution  being 
injected  into  the  arteries. 

Alumina  Sulphas  Acidulub  cum  Potass  a, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fueus,  Alumen  exsiccutum. 

ALUM  IN E  FACT  WE,  Argilla  pura. 

AL  UN,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination — a.  Hypochondriasis 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTEL,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVARAS  NIGRA,  Ichthyosis. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR,  Alveola'ri*,  from  alveu*,  'a  ca- 
vity.' (F.)  Alv6olaire.  That  which  relates  to 
the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcade*  alvfolairee,  { 
are  formed  by  the  margins  or  borders  of  the  two 
jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the  Alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Supra-maxillary  A.,  Ar- 
tire  sue-maxillaire  of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the 
internal  maxillary,  descends  behind  the  tuberos- 
ity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches  to  the 
upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum,  membrane 
of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolar  Border,  Limbu*  alveola'ri*.  The 
part  of  the  jaws,  that  is  hollowed  by  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Membranes  are  very  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli,  and 
formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle  which 
enclosed  the  tooth  bofore  it  pierced  the  gum.  By 
some  this  membrane  has  been  called  the  alveofo- 
dental  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vein.  This  has  a  similar  distri- 
bution with  the  artery. 

ALVEOLE,  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLI  DENTIS,  see  Alveolus. 

ALVJSOLO-LABIAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  Bo'- 
thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ni,  Frena, 
Mortariolum,  Hol'micos,  Praeepiolum,  Phatne", 
Phatfnion,  Pratepium,  Patnl,  Pathnt.  (F.)  Al- 
viole.    The  alveoli  are  the  tocket*  of  the  tetth, 


ALVBUS 


03 


AMBON 


Alveoli  dentis,  Mue'nia  sen  Cavtr^iuB  den'Hum, 
into  which  they  axe,  as  it  were,  driven.  Their 
size  and  shape  are  determined  by  the  teeth  which 
they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at  the  apex  by 
small  holes,  which  give  passage  to  the  dental 
vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge —  a.  Ampnllosus,  Receptacu- 
lum  chyli  —  a.  Ampullcscens,  Thoracic  duct — a. 
Communis:  see  Semicircular  canals — a.  Utricu- 
losus :  see  Semicircular  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation  —  a.  Fluxus 
aqnosus,  Diarrhoea  —  a.  Laxitas,  Diarrhoea — a. 
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea. 

ALVIDUCUS,  Laxative. 

ALVINE,  Altn'nus,  from  alvua,  'the  abdomen/ 
That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly,  as  alvine 
dejections,  alrine  flux,  alvine  obstruction*,  Ac. 

ALVUM  EVACUANS,  Cathartic. 

ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus — a.  Adstricta,  Con- 
stipation— a.  Cita,  Diarrhoea — a.  Dura,  Constipa- 
tio — a.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — a.  Tarda, 
Constipation — a.  Viridis,  Dejection. 

ALYCE,  Anxiety. 

AL'YPON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Xvmj,  'pain/  An 
acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthiolus. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Globula'- 
ria  alypum  of  botanists. 

ALYSIS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSMUS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSSUM  PLINII,  Galium  Mollugo. 

ALYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

AL'ZILAT.  In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

AM  AB1LE,  Lacuna  Labii  Superioris. 

AMADOU,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMADOUVIER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMA1GRISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 

AM  ANDES,  see  Amygdala, 

AMANI'T^E,  from  a,  privative,  and  pavta, 
'madness :'  i.  e.  'not  poisonous/  A  name  given, 
by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  to  the  edible  cham- 
pignons. Amanita  forms,  at  the  present  day,  a 
genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous. Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agarieus 
aur  antra  cut  and  A.  pseudo-auranHacus. 

AMARA  DULCtS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromatics,  the  marjo- 
ram, apapaxos,  in  particular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana— a.  Tomen- 
totus,  Origanum  dictamnus. 

AMARITIES,  Bitterness. 

AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 
•   AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMARUCACHU,  Polyanthes  tuberosa, 

AMA'RUS,  Picros,  'bitter/  (F.)  Amir.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetables  is  the  great  natural 
tonic,  and  hence  bitters,  as  they  are  termed  col- 
lectively, belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Several 
are  used  in  medicine;  the  chief  are,  gentian, 
quassia,  cinchona,  calumba,  dog-wood,  <fcc. 

AMASE'SIS,  Amasse'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
pachas,  'mastication/  Mastication  when  im- 
peded or  impracticable. 

AMATORIUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

AMATORII,  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM,  Philter. 

AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAUROSIS,  Obfnsca'tio,  Offusca'tio,  from 
auavpos,  'obscure/  Drop  serene,  Gutta  sere'na, 
Vatarae'ta  nigra,  Paropsis  amauro'sis,  ImmobiV- 
itas  pupil' Uz,  Suffu'sio  nigra,  Black  cat'aract, 
(F.)  Goutte-sereine,  Cataracts  noire,  Anopticoner- 
vie  (Piorry.)  Diminution,  or  complete  loss  of 
sight,  without  any  perceptible  alteration  in  the 
organization  of  the,  eye;  generally,  perhaps, 
owing  to  loss  of  power  of  the  optic  nerve  or  re- 


tina. Counter-irritants  are  the  most  successful 
remedial  agent*,  although  the  disease  is  always 
very  difficult  of  removal,  and  generally  totally 
incurable. 

Amaurosis  DnriDiATA,  Hemiopia — a.  Imper- 
fecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 

AMAUROTIC,  Amaurotic** ;  same  etymon. 
Affected  with  amaurosis. 

Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'sis.  A 
name  given  by  Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection, 
accompanied  by  a  remarkable  change  of  colour 
in  the  pupil,  which  presents,  apparently  in  the 
fundus  of  the  eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or 
brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear 
black. 

AMA'ZIA,  from  a,  privative,  and/ia£os,  'breast* 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is  absence  of  one 
or  both  breasts. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris — a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. 

AMBE,  from  apQatv*,  'I  ascend;'  Ambi.  A 
superficial  eminence  on  a  bono.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the 
shoulder ;  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to 
Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used.  —  Hippo- 
crates, Scultetus.     See  Crista. 

AMBER,  Succinum  —  a.  Liquid :  see  Liquid- 
amber  stvraciflua. 

AM'BERGRIS,  Ambra  gri'sea,  Ambor,  Am- 
bar,  Ambra  cinera'cea,  A.  ambrosiaca,  Ambarum, 
Suc'cinum  cine'reum,  8.  gri'seum,  Am'barum  cine- 
ri"tium.  A  concrete  substance,  of  the  consis- 
tence of  wax,  cineritioua  colour,  studded  with 
yellow  and  blackish  spots,  and  exhaling  a  very 
pleasant  odour.  It  seems  highly  probable  that 
arabergrifl  is  formed  in  the  intestines  of  the 
whale,  and  voided  with  its  excrements.  Like  aL 
aromatic  substances,  ambergris  is  slightly  anti- 
spasmodic and  excitant;  but  it  is  oftcner  em- 
ployed as  a  perfume  than  as  a  medicine. 

AMBIA.  A  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the  smell 
and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  th* 
resin  tacamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a  spring 
in  India. 

AMBICUS,  Alembic. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  Amphidex'ius,  from  ambo, 
'both/  and  dexter,  'right'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  'non  minus  sinistrd  quam  dex- 
trd  promptus.  One  of  the  aphorisms  of  Hippo- 
crates says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambidexter. 
This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBIL^5VUS,  Ampharisteros. 

AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULLEBRIS,  Ves- 
tibulum. 

AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSMUS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDIUM,  Abortive. 

AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBLUS,  aftpXvs,  'obscure/    Hence, 

AMBLYAPH'IA,  from  o/i.tfAur,  'obscure,'  and 
'a^n,  'feeling/    Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

AMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBLYO'PIA,  from  «/i0Ai>y,  'obscure/  and 
««4/, '  the  eye/  Ambly'osmos,  Amblyog'mos,  Ampli. 
o'pia  (so  called  by  some,  according  to  Castelli, 
ob  ignorantiam  Gracm  lingua,)  Hebetu'do  visQs, 
Feebleness  of  sight,  (F.)  Vue/aible,  First  degree 
of  Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 

Amblyopia  Crepuscularis,  Hemeralopia — a. 
Dissitorum,  Myopia- — a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalopia— 
a.  Proximorum,  Presbytia. 

AMBLYOSMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBON,  apfav,  '  the  raised  rim  of  a  shield  or 
dish/  from  a/ij3aevw,  '  I  ascend/    The  fibro-caxti- 


AMBOR 


64 


AMMONIA 


Ufinous  rings  or  bourrelets,  which  surround  the 
articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
scapula,  the  acetabulum,  Ac,  have  been  so  called 
—Galen.     See  Crista. 

AMBOR,  Ambergris. 

AMBRA,  Succinum— a,  Arabrosiaca,  Amber- 
gris— a.  Cineracea,  Ambergris. 

AMBRAGRISEA,  Ambergris. 

AMBRE  BLANO,  Succinum  (album)  —  a. 
Jaunct  Succinum. 

AMBRETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

AMBRO'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  pporos, 
'mortal/  Food  which  makes  immortal,  or  the 
food  of  immortals.  The  food  of  the  gods — Ho- 
mer.   See  also,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

Ambrosia  Elatior,  see  A.  Trifida. 

Ambro'sia  Marit'im  a.  A  plant  which  grows 
on  the  shores  of  the  Levant,  and  has  a  pleasant, 
bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It  is  given  in  infusion, 
as  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 

Ahbro'sia  Trif'ida,  Horseuseed,  Richwced, 
Uorsemint,  Horsecane,  Bittertceed,  Great  Rag- 
weed, Wild  Hemp.  This  indigenous  plant  is 
found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams,  from 
Canada  to  Georgia,  and  west  to  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas.  It  is  an  annual,  and  flowers  in  Au- 
gust and  September.  An  infusion  has  been  re- 
commended locally  in  mercurial  salivation. 

Ambrosia  Elatior,  Ragweed,  is  said  by  Dr.  R. 
E.  Griffith  to  have  much  more  developed  sensible 
properties. 

AMBROSIE  DU  MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

AM B  ULANOE,  (F.)  from  ambulare,  '  to  walk.' 
A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army,  and 
moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  ESpital  am- 
bulant. 

AMBULATIO,  Walking. 

AM'BULATORY,  Am'buians,  Ambulati'tws, 
Am'bulative,  (F.)  Ambulant.  A  morbid  affection 
is  said  to  be  'ambulatory/  (F.)  ambulante,  when 
it  skips  from  one  part  to  another ;  as  Erisy  piles 
ambulante,  Ac.  When  blisters  are  applied  suc- 
cessively on  different  parts  of  the  body,  they  are 
called  Vtsicatoires  ambulante. 

AMBULEIA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

AM'BULI.  The  Brachmanio  name  for  an  In- 
dian aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  LysimachuB.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
sweet  smell.  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

AM'BULO  FLATULEN'TUS  ET  FURIO'- 
8US,  Flatue  furio'sus,  Vare'ni.  Painful,  mo- 
bile, and  periodical  tumours  affecting  different 
parts,  which  were  once  considered  as  the  effect 
of  very  subtile  vapours — Miohaelis.  Their  na- 
ture is  by  no  means  clear. 

AMBUSTK),  Burn. 

AMBUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

AMBUYA-EMBO.  A  very  beautiful,  creeping 
aristolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of  which  is 
exhibited  successfully  in  obstructions.  It  ia  also 
used  in  fumigation  and  in  baths  as  a  tonic. 

AME,  Anima. 

AM  ELI.  A  Malabar  shrub,  belonging  to  a 
germs  unknown.  The  decoction  of  its  loaves  ia 
■aid  to  relieve  colic  Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil,  are 
used  to  repel  tumours. 

AMELIA,  Apathy. 

AMENTA,  Amenorrhoea,  Emmenagogues. 

AMENOMA'NIA.  A  hybrid  word,  formed 
from  the  Latin  amoenus,  'agreeable/  andfiayia, 
'  mania.     A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHEA,  Paramenia  obetruetio'nis, 
Uenocryph'ia,  Menosta'Ha,  Apophrax'ie,Arrhae'at 
Defec'tue  W*  Reman' sio  seu  Cessa'tio  men'sium, 


Menstrua' tio  impedi'ta,  I*chome'nia,Ame'-nia,  froa 
a,  privative,  ^nv,  'a  month/  and  pcu,  'I  flow/ 
Suppression  of  the  meneee,  (F.)  Suppression  da 
/lux  menetruel.  This  suppression  is  most  com- 
monly symptomatic,  and  hence  the  chief  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  to  the  cause.  Usually,  there  is 
an  atonic  state  of  the  system  generally,  and  hence 
chalybeate*  and  other  tonics  are  advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  1.  A.  Emansio'nis,  Eman'sio 
men'sium,  Menis'chesis,  Mcnos'chesis,  Menstrua' tio 
retenta,  Men'sium  reten'tio,  Retention  of  the  men- 
see,  when  the  menses  do  not  appear  at  the  usual 
age:  and,  2.  Suppres'sio  Men'sium,  Suppres'eio 
Menstruatio'nis,  Amenorrhce'a  Svpprcssio'nis,  In- 
terrup'tio  menstruatio'nis,  Menstrua' tio  svppressa, 
in  which  the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their 
regular  periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio  Men- 
sium,  and  Menses. 

Amenorrhea  Diffioiub,  Dysmenorrhcea— a. 
Emansioni8,  see  Amenorrhoea — a.  Hymen ica,  see 
Hymenicus  —  a.  Partialis,  Dysmenorrhea  —  a. 
Suppressions,  see  Amenorrhoea, 

AMENTIA,  Dementia :  see,  also,  Fatuitas,  and 
Idiotism — a.  Senilis,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

AMER,  Amarus. 

AMERICAN,  see  Homo. 

AMERI9ANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

AMERTUME,  Bitterness. 

AM'ETHYST,  Amethys'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  fudvu,  *  I  am  drunk/  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  used  as  an 
anti-diarrhoaio  and  absorbent — Pliny,  Albertus 
Magnus. 

AMETH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum,  (remedium,) 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  A  remedy  for  drunk- 
enness. 

AMETRIA,  Intemperance.  Also,  absence  of 
the  uterus;  from  a,  privative,  and  pnrpa,  'the 
uterus.' 

AMICULUM,  Amnios. 

AMIDON,  IODURE  V,  Starch,  Iodide  ot 

AMIDUM,  Amylum. 

AMIN^EA,  Anime. 

AMINiE'UM  VlX\JMtAmine'anu>ine,  highly 
esteemed  as  a  stomachic  Virgil  distinguishes  it 
from  the  Falernian. — Pliny,  Macrobius,  Ac 

AMMA,  Truss. 

AM  MI,  Ammi  majus  sen  eieuta/o'lium  sen 
vulga'ri  seu  Bolberi,  Am'tnios  muriea'ta,  A'pium 
ammi,  Bishop*s  weed.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are 
aromatic  and  pungent  They  are  said  to  be> 
carminative  and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  sto- 
machic 

Ammi  Bolberi,  Ammi — a.  dee  Boutiques,  see 
Sison  ammi — a.  Cioutaafolium,  Ammi — a.  Verum, 
see  Sison  ammi  — a.  Yulgare,  Ammi 

AMMION,  Hydrar<gyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMIOS  MURICATA,  Ammi 

AMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammocho'sis,  from  appos, 
'  sand/  and  £««,  '  I  pour/  Arena' tio.  Putting 
the  human  body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of 
disease. 

AMMO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'acal  gas, 
Volatile  al'kali,  Al'cali  ammoni'acum  caus'ticum, 
A.  volat'ili  caus'ticum,  Ammo'nia  caus'tica,  A* 
pura,  Ammoni'acum,  jL  caus'ticum,  Gas  ammo- 
niaca'U,  Mephi'tis  urino'sa,  (F.)  Ammoniaque^ 
Air  alcalin,  Oaz  ammoniacaL  An  alcali,  so  called, 
because  obtained  principally  by  decomposing  sal 
ammoniac  (muriate  of  ammonia)  by  lime.  This 
gas  is  colourless,  transparent,  elastic,  of  a  pun. 
gent,  characteristic  odour,  and  an  acrid  urinous 
taste.    It  turns  the  syrup  of  violets  green,  and 


AMMONIAC 


AMMONLB  ACETAS 


Ito  specific  gravity  ii  0*596,  Whan  inhaled, 
largely  diluted  with  common  air,  it  is  a  powerful 
irritant.  When  unmixed,  it  instantly  induces 
suffocation. 

Ammonia,  Acrtatb  of,  Solutioit  of,  Liquor 
ammonia  acetatis — a.  Arseniate  of,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Bensoate  of,  Ammonia  bensoas — 
a.  Caustica  liquida,  Liquor  ammoniae— a.  Chloro- 
hydrate  of,  Ammonia  mnrias— a.  Citrate  of,  Am- 
monia citras— a.  Uydriodate  of,  Ammonium,  io- 
dide of— a.  Hydroohlorate  of,  Ammonia  murias 
— a.  Hydrosolphnret  of,  Ammonia  sulphuretum — 
a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Liniment  of,  strong, 
Linimentum  ammonia  fortius — a.  Liquid,  Liquor 
Ammonia — a.  Muriatica,  Ammonia  mnrias— a. 
Nitrata,  Ammonia  nitras — a.  Phosphate  of,  Am- 
monia phosphm — a.  Praparata,  Ammonia  car- 
honas  —  a.  Pura  liquida,  Liquor  ammonia  —  a. 
Solution  of,  Liquor  ammonia  —  a.  Solution  of, 
stronger,  Liquor  ammonia  fortior — a.  Tartrate  of, 
Ammonia  tartras. 

AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoni'acum,  (Ph.  U. 
8.)  Gum' mi  Ammoni'acum,  Armoni'aeum,  Mato'- 
rimn,  (F.)  Ammoniac,  Oomme  ammoniaque,  so 
called  from  Ammonia  in  Lybia,  whence  it  is 
brought.  A  gum-resin,  the  concrete  juice  of 
Dore'ma  ammoni'acum,  of  Persia :  a  specios  of  a 
genus  allied  to  Ferula.  It  is  in  irregular,  dry 
masses  and  tears,  yellow  externally,  whitish  with- 
in. Its  odour  is  peculiar,  and  not  ungrateful: 
taste  nauseous,  sweet,  and  hitter.  It  forms  a 
white  emulsion  with  water:  is  soluble  in  vinegar; 
partially  so  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the 
alealies. 

Gum  ammoniacum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent  (  ?  )  antispasmodic,  discutiont,  and  resolvent 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  certain  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
QuttcB  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapie  ammoni'- 
aci, the  more  impure. 

AMMOXIAC.fi  NITRAS,  Ammonia  nitras— 
a.  Sulpha**,  Ammonia  sulphas. 

AMMONIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammoniae  Gum 
— a.  Succinatum,  Bpiritus  ammonia  fcetidua — a. 
Volatile  mite,  Ammonia  carbonas. 

AMMONLfi  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonia  ace- 
tatis— a.  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Ammonia. 

Akmo'xijb  Bev'zoas,  Ben'toate  of  Ammonia, 
A  salt  formed  by  the  union  of  benzoic  acid  and 
ammonia,  which  has  been  prescribed  for  the  re- 
moval of  gouty  depositions  of  urate  of  soda  in 
the  joints.    It  it  regarded  as  a  good  diuretic 

Ammosim  Car'bonas,  A.  Subcar'bonae,  A.  Se»- 
quiear'bonae,  Salt  of  bone*,  Sal  Ostium,  Salt  of 
wood-toot,  Sal  Fulig"ini§,  Salt  of  urine,  Volatile 
Sal  Ammoniac,  Baker*e  salt,  Al'cali  volatile 
air  a' -turn,  A.  volatile"  ammoniaca'le,  A.  volatile 
ex  §ali  ammoni'aco,  Ammoni'acum  volatHU  mite, 
Ammo'nium  carbon'icum,  A.  eubcarbo'neum,  Car- 
bona*  ammo' hub  alkali'nus  sou  incomple'tus  seu 
euperammoni'acue,  Hypocar'bonae  ammo'nia,  Flo- 
ret tali*  ammoni'aci,  Sal  eornu  cervi  volatile, 
Sal  volatilie  ealie  ammoni'aci,  Concrete  volatile 
alkali,  Carbonate  or  Subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
Ammo' ma  prapara'ta,  Sal  volatile",  Smelling  ealt, 
(F.)  Carbonate  d?  ammoniaque,  Sel  volatil  d'An- 
oleterre,  (Ammon.  muriat.  Dt>j ;  Oreta  Ibiss.  Sub- 
lime —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline 
mass;  odour  and  taste  pungent  and  ammoniacal : 
solnble  in  two  parts  of  water :  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol :  effloresces  in  the  air*  It  is  stimulant,  ant- 
acid, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic    Dose,  gr. 

T.  tO  XV. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  at  times  used  to  form 
effervescing  draughts.  One  scruple  saturates  six 
fluidrachms  of  lemon-juice,  twenty-six  grains  of 

ft 


orystallhred  tartaric  acid,  and  twenty-six  grains 
of  crystallised  citric  acid. 

Asivonije  ClTRAB,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solution 
of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia.  Dose, 
fgw. 

It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and  taken 
in  an  effervescing  state.  Seventeen  grains  of 
citrio  acid  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon-juice 
will  be  sufficient  for  thirteen  grains  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia. 

Ammonia  Cupro-sclphas,  Cuprum  ammo- 
niatnm. 

ASMMOIOJB  ET  FeRBI  MlTRIAB,  FeiTUm  EIUM- 

niatum-  a.  Ferro-citras,  Ferri  ammonio-citrat— 
a.  Hydriodas,  Ammonium,  iodide  of— a.  Uydro- 
sulphuretum,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii— a.  Hypoear- 
bonas,  Ammonia  Carbonas. 

Amo'siM  Mu'riab,  Mu'riate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Hydrochlo'rate  of  Ammo'nia,  Vhlorohydrate  of 
Ammo'nia,  Sal  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'uimc, 
Sal  Ammoni'acue,  Ammo'nia  Muriatica,  Ammo'- 
nium  Muria'tum,  Hydrochlo'rae  Ammo'nia,  Sell 
Armoni'aeum,  Salmiac,  Fuli'go  Al'ba  Philoeo- 
pho'rum,  Mieadir,  (F.)  Muriate  d  Ammoniaque. 
A  saline  concrete,  formed  by  the  combination  of 
muriatic  acid  with  ammonia.  In  Egypt  it  ia 
manufactured  in  large  quantities  by  subliming 
the  soot  farmed  by  burning  camel's  dung  —  20 
pounds  of  the  soot  yielding  6  pounds.  It  is  also 
prepared,  in  great  quantities,  by  adding  sulphuric 
acid  to  the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot, 
bones,  Ac,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and 
subliming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4*5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during . 
its  solution,  in  inflammations,  <fro. 

Ammo'kt^  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  AV- 
hali  volatile  nitra'tum,  Sal  ammoni'acue  nitro'eue, 
Ammo'nia  nitra'ta,  Nitras  ammoni'aca,  Nitrum 
Jlammane,  IF.)  Nitrate  d'Ammoniaque.  A  salt 
composed  or  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diu- 
retic and  deobstruent  ( ?  )  Externally,  ft  is  dls- 
cutient  and  sialogogue. 

Ammo'jcms  Phobphas1,  Phoephate  of  Ammo'nia, 
(F.)  Phoephate  d'Ammoniaque.  This  salt  has  been 
recommended  as  an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and 
discutient  More  recently,  it  has  been  proposed 
as  a  new  remedy  for  gout  and  rheumatism,  as  a 
solvent  of  urio  acid  calculus,  and  for.  diseases, 
acute  and  chronic,  connected  directly  with  the 
lithio  acid  diathesis. 
Ammonlk  Sesqcicarbokas,  A.  carbonas. 
Ammo'nia  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Sulphas  ammoni'accR,  Ammo'nium  eulphu'ricnm, 
Al'kali  volatile  citriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum 
tecre'tum  Glauberi,  Sal  eecre'tue  Glauberi,  Vi- 
triolum  ammoniaca'le,  (F.)  Sulphate  d'Ammoni- 
aque. Formed  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  either 
to  sal  ammoniac  or  to  ammoniacal  liquor.  Its 
properties  are  like  those  of  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

Ammo'nia  Suxphtob'tttv,  Sul'phuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia, Hvdreeul'phuret  of  Ammo'nia,  Ammo'- 
nium  Sulf  hydra' turn,  Hydroeul'phaa  Ammonia, 
Spir'itue  Bbgui'vi,  Sp.fumane  Bbgui'ni,  Sul- 
phure'tum  amnumi'aces,  Sp.  ealis  ammoni'aci  »ul- 
phura'tue,  Liquor  ammo'nii  hydrothi'odit,  Hydro- 
tulphure' turn  Ammo' nicum,  Hydrarg.  ammoniaca'- 
le' aquo'eum,  Hydrog"eno-eulphure'tum  ammoni'- 
aca  liq'uidum,  Spir'itue  eul'phurie  volatility  He- 
par  eulphurie  volatile,  Boyxh's  or  BEaunoe'f 
fuming  epirit,  (F.)  Hydroeulphate  eutfurt  fCAm- 


AMMONIAQUE 


06 


moniaque,  Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle,  Sul/ure 
Kydrogfni  d*  Ammoniaque,  Hydrosulfure  <F  Am- 
moniaque. Odour  Tory  fetid;  taste  nauseous  and 
styptic ;  colour  dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  sedative,  nauseating,  emetic,  disoxy- 
genizing,  (?)  and  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and 
diseases  of  increased  excitement.  Dose,  gtt  viij. 
to  gtt.  zz. 

Ammo'icijE  Tartras,  Al'hali  volatile  tartari- 
ta'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum  tarta'reum,  Tar'taru* 
ammo' ma,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,' (F.)  Tartrate 
d' Ammoniaque.  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric  acid 
and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretio  and  diuretic; 
but  not  much  used. 

AMMONIAQUB,  Ammonia— a.  Arteniated?, 
Arseniate  of  ammonia — a.  Hydrosulfure  <?,  Am- 
monias sulphuretum — a.  Bydroeulfate  eulfurS  d', 
Ammonia)  sulphuretum — a,  Liquid*,  Liquor  am- 
monia— a.  Pko&phate  d',  Ammonisa  phosphas — 
a.  Sulfure  hydrogenS  d\  Ammonia)  sulphuretum. 
AMMONII IODIDUM,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 
Ammonii  Ioduretum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 
AMMONIO-CUPRICUS  SUBSULPHAS,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum. 

AMMO'NION,  from  appos,  'sand.'  An  ancient 
collyrium  of  great  virtues  in  many  diseases  of  the 
eye,  and  which  was  said  to  remove  sand  from 
that  organ. 

AMMONIUM  ARSENICICUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammonia  carbonas 
— a.  Hydro iodicum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a. 
Iodatum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

Ammo'nium,  I'odide  of,  Iod'idum  sen  Iodure'- 
turn  ammonii,  Ammonium  Joda'tum  seu  Hydro- 
iod'icum,  Hydri'odas  ammo'nia,  Hvdri'odate  of 
ammo'nia.  This  salt  is  formed  by  saturating 
liquid  hydriodic  acid  with  caustic  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  the  solution.  It  is  applied  in  the 
form  of  ointment  (£jj  ad  adipi*  £j)  in  lepra, 
psoriasis,  Ac. 

Ammonium  Muriaticum  Martiatum  seu  Mar* 
'hale,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — a.  Muriatum,  Am- 
monisa murias — a.  Subcarboneum,  Ammonia?  car- 
bonas— a.  Suif hydratum,  Ammonisa  sulphuretum 
—a.  Sulphuricum,  Ammonite  sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 
AMNEMOSYNE,  Amnesia. 
AMNE'SIA,  Amnest'ia,  Amnemos'ynl,  from  a, 
privative,  and  fivrjaif,  'memory/    Moria  imbec"- 
ilie  amne'sia,   Obliv'io,  Recollectio'ni*  jactu'ra, 
J}y*es*ther»ia  inter*  na,  Debil'ita*  memo' rial,  Me- 
mo'ria  dele'ta,   (F.)  Pert*  de  Mimoire,  'loss  of 
memory/    By  some  Nosologists,  amnesia  consti- 
tutes a  genus  of  diseases.    By  most,  it  is  consi- 
dered only  as  a  symptom!  which  may  oocur  in 
many  diseases. 
AMNESTIA,  Amnesia. 
AMNI  TIS,  Amniiis. 

AMNIOCLEP'SIS,  from  Amnio*,  and  kXotw, 
'  I  steal  or  take  away  clandestinely.'  Premature 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIORRH(E'A,  from  amnio*,  and  oua,  'I 
flow.'  A  premature  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 
AM'NIOS,  Am'nion,  Am'nium,  Hym'nium, 
Charta  virgin'ea,  Armatu'ra,  Agni'na  membra' na, 
Pellu'cida  membra' na,  Galea,  Scepar'num,  Indu'- 
eium,  Amic'ulum,  Membra' na  fotfum  invol'vens. 
The  innermost  of  the  enveloping  membranes  of 
the  foetus: — so  called  because  first  observed  in 
the  sheep,  (?)  afire*,  'a  sheep.'  It  is  thin,  trans- 
parent, perspirable,  tind  possesses  many  delicate, 
Colourless  vessels,  which  have  not  been  injected. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  produced  by  a 
fold  of  the  external  layer  of  the  germinal  mem- 
brane, rising  up,  and  gradually  enveloping  the 
embryo.  Its  external  surface  is  feebly  united  to 
tb<  onorion  by  areolar  and  vascular  filaments. 


AMPELOS 

Its  inner  surface  is  polished,  and  is  in  contact 
with  the  body  of  the  foetus  and  the  liquor  amnii. 
AMNIOT'IO  ACID,  Ae"idum  am'nieum  vel 
amniot'icum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Vauque- 
lin  and  Buniva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the  cow. 

AMNI'TIS,  Amnii'ti*,  from  Amnion  and  itie, 
inflammation.    Inflammation  of  the  Amnion. 

AMCENOMA'NIA,  from  amamu*,  'agreeable/ 
and  mania,  A  form  of  mania  in  which  the  hal- 
lucinations are  of  an  agreeable  character. 

AMOME  FAUX,  Sison  amomum. 
AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM,  A.  repent  sen 
racemo'sum,  A.  verum,  Alpin'ia  cardamo'mum, 
Caro'pi,  Mato'nia  Cardamo'mum,  Eletta'ria  Car- 
damo'mum, Cardamo'mum  Minus,  Lesser  or  offici- 
nal Car'damom,  (F.)  Cardamome  de  la  06te  de 
Malabar,  Cardamome.  The  seeds  of  this  East 
India  plant  have  an  agreeable,  aromatic  odour, 
and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste.  They  are  car- 
minative and  stomachic:  but  are  chiefly  used 
to  give  warmth  to  other  remedies.  The  fruit  if 
called  Amomi*.    Dose,  gr.  v.  to  7)j. 

Amomum  Curcuma,  Curcuma  Tonga. 

Amomum  Galai<ga,  Maranta  G. 

Amomum  Granum  Paradi'si,  Cardamo'mum 
majue,  MeUguet'ta,  Maniguet'ta,  Cardamo'mum 
piper  a' turn}  A.  max'imum,  (F.)  Grain**  de  Para- 
die.  Greater  cardamom  seeds  resemble  the  last 
in  properties.  They  are  extremely  hot,  and  not 
much  used. 

Amomum  Hirsutum,  Costus — a.  Montanum, 
see  Cassumuniar — a.  Pimenta:  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — a.  Repens,  A.  cardamomum — a.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  Cassumuniar — a.  Zedoaria,  Ktempferia 
rotunda — a.  Zerumbet,  Bee  Cassumuniar. 

Amomum  Zingiber,  Zin1 f giber  officina'll,  Zin- 
giber album,  Z.  nigrum,  Z.  commu'ne,  Zin'ziberf 
Gingerf  (F.)  Gingembre.  The  tchite  and  black 
ginger,  Zingiber  fuecum  et  album,  are  the  rhiioma 
of  the  same  plant,  Zin'gibcr  officina'U,  the  dif- 
ference depending  upon  the  mode  of  preparing 
them. 

The  odour  of  ginger  is  aromatic ;  taste  warm, 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  U 
alcohol,  and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  if 
carminative,  stimulant,  and  sialogogne. 

Preferred  Ginger,  Zingib'erie  Radix  Condi'ta, 
Radix  Zingib'erie  condi'ta  ex  Indid  alla'ta,  is  a 
condiment  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. . 

Ginger-Beer  Powder*  may  be  formed  of  whit* 
eugar,  3J.  and  J)y.  ginger,  gr.  v.  subcarbonate  of 
soda.gr.  xxxvj  in  each  blue  paper :  acid  of  tar- 
tar, gigs  in  each  tchite  paper, — for  half  a  pint  of 
water. 

Oxley**  Concentrated  Essence  of  Jamaica  Gin- 
ger is  a  solution  of  ginger  in  rectified  spirit. 

AMOR,  Love. 

AMORGE,  Amurca. 

AMORPHUS,  Anhistous,  Anideus. 

AMOSTEU8,  Ostcocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love  —  a.  Phynque,  Appetite,  ve- 
nereal. 

AMOUREUX  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMPAC,  Amp'acu*.  An  East  India  tree,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  odour,  and  are 
used  in  baths  as  detergents.  A  very  odoriferous 
resin  is  obtained  from  it 

AMPAR,  Succinum. 

AMPELOCARPUS,  Galium  sparine. 

AMPELOPRASUM,  Allium. 

AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA,  Virgin- 
ian Creeper,  American  Ivy,  Fiveleaved  Try, 
Woodv  Climber.  An  indigenous  climbing  plant. 
Family,  Vitacess ;  which  flowers  in  July.  It  has 
been  advised  as  an  expectorant 

AMPELOS,  Vitis  vinifera— a.  Agria,  Bryonia 


AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA 


67 


AMYGDALIN 


alba — a.  Idsea,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idsea — a.  Oino- 
phoros,  Vitis  vinifera. 

AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPHARIS'TEROS,  AmbiWvus,  'awkward,-' 
from  an<pi,  and  apiertpot, '  the  left'  Opposed  to 
ambidexter. 

AMPHBMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHI,  aftft,  'both,  around,  on  all  rides.' 
Hence,  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 

AMPHIAM,  Opium. 

AMPHI  ARTHROSIS,  from  aH6i,  'both,'  and 
«^pwffic,  '  artionlatlon.'  A  mixea  articulation, 
in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of  bones  are 
united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an  intermediate 
body,  which  allows,  however,  of  some  slight  mo- 
tion. Such  is  the  junction  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebra  by  means  of  the  intervertebral  car- 
tilages. This  articulation  has  also  been  called 
Diarthrose  de  Oontinuiti.  The  motion  It  permits 
Is  but  slight. 

AMPHIBLESTRODITIS,  Retinitis. 

AMPHIBLESTROIDES,  Reticular. 

AMPIIIBLESTROMALA'CIA,  from  amphi- 
blestroVdes  (mombrana)  the  retina,  and  palatcta, 
'softening.'  Mollesoence  or  softening  of  the 
retina. 

AMPHIBRAN'CHIA,  from  «pf<,  'around,' 
and  flpayxta,  '  the  throat.'  Amphibron'chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHICAUSTIS,  Vulva. 

AMPHID'EUM,  from  a^i,  'around,'  and  Jew, 
'I  bind.'  The  outermost  margin  of  the  cervix 
nteri ;  the  Labium  uteri. 

AMPHIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPHIDIARTHR0f8IS,  from  auft,  'about,' 
and  JiapSfxixnf,  'a  moveable  joint'  A  name  given 
by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxillary  articula- 
tion, because,  according  to  that  anatomist,  it 
partakes  both  of  ginglvmus  and  arthrodia. 

AMPHIESMA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

AMPUIMERINA,  Pertussis— a. Hectica,  Hec- 
tic  fever. 

AMPHIMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHION,  Maslach. 

AMPHIPLEX,  Perinssum. 

AMPHIPNEUMA,  Dyspnoea. 

AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISMILE,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISPHAL'SIS,  Oircumac'tio,  Circum- 
duct tio,  from  ap<pi,  'around,'  and  v^aXXw,  'I  wan- 
der.' The  movement  of  circumduction  used  in 
reducing  luxations. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AM'PHORA,  per  syncop.  for  a/t^opctrf,  from 
ap<pt,  'on  both  sides/  and  <pcpu>,  'I  bear :'  because 
it  had  two  handles.  A  liquid  measure  among 
the  ancients,  containing  above  seven  gallons. 
Also  called  Quadrant* al,  Oera'mium,  Ceram'nium, 
Oadus. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION,  see  Cavernous 
Respiration. 

AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 

AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 

AMPLIFICATIO,  Platynosis. 

AMPLIOPIA,  Amblyopia. 

AMPOSIS,  Anaposis. 

AMPOULES,  Essera. 

AMPUL'LA,  (L.)  '  A  bottle.'  A  membranous 
bag,  shaped  like  a  leathern  bottle.  See  Cavitas 
Elliptica.  In  pharmacy,  a  receiver. 

Ampulla  Chtlifera  sxu  Chtli,  Recepta- 
culum  chyli. 

AMPULLA,  Phlyetcenss. 

AMPUTATION,  Amputa'tio,  from  amputate, 
(am,  'around,'  and  putare,)  'to  cut  off.'    Apotf- 


omi,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of  separating,  by 
means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a  limb  or  a  part 
of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  part,  as  the  mamma, 
penis,  Ac,  from  the  rest  of  the  body.  In  the 
case  of  a  tumour,  the  term  excision,  removal,  or 
extirpation, {¥.)  Rejection,  is  more  commonly  used. 

Amputation,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 
integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,  (¥.)  A.&  lambeaux,  is  when 
one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the  stump, 
when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

Amputation,  Joint,  Exarticula'tio,  (F.)  A. 
done  V article  ou  done  la  eontiguitS  dee  membree, 
is  when  the  limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 
which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 

Amputation,  Spontaneous,  See  Spontaneous. 

AMULET,  Amuletum. 

AMULETTE,  Amuletum. 

AMULE'TUM,  from  amoliri,  'to remove/  An 
Amulet,  Periam'ma,  Apotropa'um,  Periap'ton, 
Phylacte'rion,  ApoteUtfma,  Exarte'ma,  Alexica'- 
cum,  Praservatifvum,Probasca'nium,  Probaecan'- 
tium,  (F.)  Amulette.  Any  image  or  substance 
worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting disease  or  danger. 

AMUR'CA,  Amur'ga,  apefyn.  The  marc  or 
grounds  remaining  after  olives  have  been  crushed 
and  deprived  of  their  oil.  It  has  been  used  as 
an  application  to  ulcers. 

AMURGA,  Amurca. 

AM  USA,  Musa  Paradisiac*. 

A'MYCE,  Amycha,  Amy'xis.  Excoriation,  Sca- 
rification. 

AMYCHA,  Amyce. 

AMYC'TICA,  from  «/i«<rw,  'I  lacerate,'  Me- 
dicines which  stimulate  and  vellicate  the  skin.— 
Cselius  Aurelianus. 

AMYDRIASIS,  Mydriasis. 

AMY  EL' I  A,  from  a,  privative,  and  /nuAtf, 
'marrow.'  A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absenoe  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMYG'DALA,  same  etymon  as  Amyctica; 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Almond,  of  which  there  are  two  kinds; 
Amyg'daUs  ama'ra  and  A*  dulcee,  (F.)  Amandes 
anieres,  and  A.  doucee,  obtained  from  two  varie- 
ties of  Amyg'dalue  communis  or  A.  eati'va,  a 
native  of  Barbary.  Nat.  Ord.  Amygdalese.  Sex. 
Syet.  Icosandria  Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  Amygdala  dulcie  is  soft  and  sweet; 
that  of  A.  amara,  bitter.  Both  yield,  by  expres- 
sion, a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter  almond  con- 
tains Prussio  acid.  They  are  chiefly  used  for 
forming  emulsions. 

Amyo'dal*  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetio 
for  softening  the  skin  and  preventing  chaps,  is 
made  of  bitter  almonds,  blanched,  ^iv,  white  of 
one  egg;  rose  water,  and  rectified  spirit,  equal 
parts,  or  as  much  as  is  sufficient 

Amyo'daljb  Placen'ta,  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
ground  Almond  Cake,  Almond  Powder,  Fari'na 
Amyqdala'rum,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for  wash- 
ing the  hands. 

Amygdala,  TonsiL  Also,  a  lobule  or  promi- 
nence of  the  cerebellum,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  an  enlarged  tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  form  the  lateral  boundaries 
of  the  anterior#xtremity  of  the  valley,  and  are 
in  great  part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
The  Amygdalae  are  seated  on  either  side  of  the 
uvula,  in  the  fourth  ventricle. 

AMYGDALATUM,  Emulsio  Amygdala. 

AMYQDALE,  Tonsil. 

AMYG'DALIN,  AmygdalVnum,  AmygdaWn*, 
Amyg'daline.  A  principle  contained  in  bitter 
almonds,  which  is   prepared  by  pressing  ffctf 


AMYGDALITIS 


•raised  almonds  between  heated  plates  to  sepa- 
rate the  fat  oil ;  boiling  the  residue  in  alcohol j 
evaporating,  and  treating  with  ether,  which  pre. 
dpitates  the  amygdaline  in  a  crystalline  powder. 
A  weak  solution  of  it,  under  the  influence  of  a 
small  quantity  of  emulein  or  eynaptaee,  which 
constitutes  the  larger  portion  of  the  pulp  of  al- 
monds, yields  at  once  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and 
hydrocyanic  acid. 

AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

AMYGDALUS,  see  Amygdala. 

Amtgdalus  Communis,  see  Amygdala. 

Amyg'dalub  Per'bica,  Per'tica  tmlga'ria.  The 
eommon  peach-tree,  (F.)  Picker,  The  leaves  and 
flowers  hare  been  considered  laxative.  They  are 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  hare  been  given  in  he- 
maturia, nephritis,  Ac.  The  fruit  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  and  wholesome  summer  fruits,  when 
ripe.  The  kernels,  Amyg'dala  Per'ticcs,  as  well 
as  the  flowers,  contain  prussic  acid. 

Peach  Brandy  is  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  muoh  used  in  the  United  States. 

AMYGMOS;  Scarification. 

AMYLA'CEA  (remedia),  from  amyfum, 'starch.' 
Remedies  whose  chief  medicinal  constituent  is 
starch. 

AMYLEON,  Amylum. 

AMYLI  IODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide  of— a. 
Ioduretum,  Starch,  iodide  of. 

A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Ferula,  AmyVeon, 
Amy V ion,  from  a,  priv.,  and  pvXii,  '  a  mill,'  be- 
cause made  without  a  mill.  Starch,  (F.)  Amidon, 
Amylon,  Starch  of  Wheat,  Fari'na,  fr  it' ici  fari'- 
na, Amylum  triti"eeum  sen  Trit'ici,  Fec'ula  Amy- 
la'cea,  is  inodorous  and  insipid,  white  and  fria- 
ble. It  is  insoluble  in  cold  water  and  alcohol, 
but  forms  with  boiling  water  a  strong,  semi-trans- 
parent jelly.  It  is  demulcent,  and  is  used  as  an 
emollient  glyster,  and  as  the  vehicle  for  opium, 
when  given  per  anum.  Starch  is  met  with  abun- 
dantiy  in  all  the  cereal  grains,  in  the  stalks  of 
many  of  the  palms,  in  some  lichens,  and  in  many 
tuberous  roots,  particularly  in  the  bulbs  of  the 
orchis. 

Amylum  Americaktjm,  see  Arrow  root — a.  Can- 
naceum,  Tous-les-mois  —  a.  Iodatum,  Starch, 
iodide  of — a.  Manihoticum,  see  Jatropha  mani- 
hot — a.  Marantaccum,  Arrow-root — a.  Palma- 
ceum,  Sago  —  a.  Querneum,  Racahout   ' 

A'MYON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  pvov,  '  a  muscle,' 
Emuecula'tu*.  Without  muscle.  Applied  to  the 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated  that  the  muscles  can- 
not be  distinguished. 

AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 

AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA,  see  Bdellium. 

Am'ybis  Elemif'era,  (F.)  BaUamxer  Eltmi- 
/Ire.  Nat.  Ord.  Terebinthaceaa.  Sex,  Suit. 
Octandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  whence  it  Las 
been  supposed  Gum  Elr'mi  is  obtained.  This 
gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish  East 
and  West  Indies.  Brazilian  Elemi,  according 
to  Dr.  Royle,  is  produced  by  Idea  Icicariba; 
Mexican  Elemi,  by  Ela'phHum  elemiferum;  and 
Manilla  Elemi,  by  Cana'rium  commu'ni.  It  is 
soiUah,  transparent,  of  a  pale  whitish  colour,  in- 
clining a  little  to  green,  and  of  a  strong,  though 
not  unpleasant  smelL  It  is  only  used  in  oint- 
ments and  plasters,  and  is  a  digestive. 

Amyris  Gileadrnbib,  see  A.  qpobalsamum. 

Ax'yrm  Opobai/bamum,  (F.)  Baleamier  de  la 
Meeque,  Bal'eem,  Bal'eamum.  The  plant  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Balsam  op  Mecca,  BaV- 
eamum  genui'num  antiquo'rum,  BaUamelct'on, 
jSgyptiacum  Bal'eamum,  BaVeamum  Aeiatfieum, 
B,  Juda'icum,  B.  Syriacum,  B.  e  Mecca,  Coco- 
bal'eamum,  B.  Alpi'ni,  Oleum  BaVeami,  OpobaV- 
eamum,  XylobaV$amum,  BaUam  or  Balm  of  Gi- 


M  ANACOLLBMA 

lead,  (F.)  Baume  Blanc,  B.  de  ConttantinopU 
blane,  B.  de  Oalaad,  B.  du  Grand  Voire,  B.  Vrai, 
Tirtbinthine  de  GiUad,  T.  tfligypte,  T.  du  Grand 
Kaire,  T.  de  Judte.  A  resinous  juice  obtained 
by  making  incisions  into  Amyris  opobaVeamum 
and  A.  GUeaden'eie  of  Linnaeus,  Bahama  den' dron 
Gileaden'el  of  Kunth.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
called  Carpobal' eamum;  that  of  the  wood  and 
branches  JCylobal' eamum.  It  has  the  general 
properties  of  the  milder  Terebinthinates. 

Amyris  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 

AMYRON,  Carthamus  Tinctorius. 

A'MYUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  pvs,  'a mouse, 
a  muscle.'    Weak  or  poor  in  muscle. 

AMYX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  /iv£a,  'mu- 
cus.'   Deficiency  of  mucus. 

AMYXIS,  Amyce,  Scarification. 

ANA,  ava,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each/ 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  &  and  U,  its 
abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words,  it  means 
'in,'  'through,'  'upwards,'  'above,'  in  opposition 
to  cata;  also  'repetition,'  like  the  English  re. 
Hence, — 

ANAB'ASIS,  from  avapatvu,  'I  ascend.'  The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase.— 
Galen.     See  Augmentation. 

ANABEXIS,  Expectoration. 

ANABLEP'SIS,  from  ava,  'again/  and  0Am, 
'  I  see.'    Restoration  to  sight. 

ANABOL^fi'ON,  Anabole1  ue,  from  avafiaXXu,  'I 
cast  up.'  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts  or 
other  extraneous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  $a\\*, 
'I  oast.'  Anago'ge,  Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma, 
Anacine'eU.  An  evacuation  upwards.  An  act 
by  which  certain  matters  are  ejected  by  the 
mouth.  In  common  acceptation  it  includes,  ex- 
epuition,  expectoration,  regurgitation,  and  vomiU 
ing. 

ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anabron'chitmue,  from 
ava,  'with,'  and  fte*x°Sr  'a  running  knot'  An 
operation  for  removing  the  eye-lashes,  for  exam- 
ple, when  they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a 
hair  knotted  around  them — Hippocrates,  Galen, 
Celsus,  Ac. 

ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismns. 

ABABROSIS,  Corrosion,  Erosion. 

ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephium. 

ANACAR'DIUM  OCCIDENTALS,  Acajuba 
occidenta'lie,  Caeeu'vium  pomif'erum,  Cashew 
(  W,  Indie*.)  (F.)  Acajou.  Nat.  Ord.  Terebin- 
thaoesa.  Sex.  Sy$t.  Enneandria  Monogynia. 
The  Oil  of  the  Cashew  Nut,  Clenm  Anacar'dii, 
(F.)  Huile  cP Acajou,  is  an  active  caustic,  and  used 
as  such  in  the  countries  where  it  grows,  especially 
for  destroying  warts,  Ac. 

Axacaboium  Orientals,  Avioennia  tomen- 
tosa* 

ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
tcaSaiptiv,  '  to  purge.'  Purgation  upwards.  Ex- 
pectoration.   See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Amacatharsis  Catarrhalib  Simplex,  Ca- 
tarrh. 

ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 

ANACESTOS,  Incurable. 

ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

ANACHRON,  Soda. 

ANACINEMA,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 

ANACINESIS,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 

ANACLASIS,  Repercussion. 

ANACLINTE'RIUM,  Anaclin'trum,  Becubi- 
to'rium,  from  avaxhvu,  *  I  recline.'  A  long  chair 
or  seat,  so  formed  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a 
reclining  posture. 

ANACLINTRUM,  Anaclinterium. 

ANACOLLE'MA,  from  ava,  'together,  and 
jcoXXaw,  '  I  glue.'    A  healing  medicine. 

Anacollemata,  Frontal  bandages. 


ANACOLTJPPA  I 

ANACOLTJP'PA.  A  creeping  plant  of  Mala- 
bar, the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  core  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  bite  of  the  naja. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  Zapa'nia  nodijio'ra. 

ANAC0LUTH1B,  Incoherence. 

ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 

ANACONCHYLIASMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANACONCHYLISMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 

ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan. 

ANACYCLUS  OFFICINARUM,  see  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum — a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum. 

ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 

ANADIPLO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  &*X<mi, 
'I  double.'  Epanadiplo'eie,  Bpanalep'tit,  Bedu- 
plica'tio.  The  redoubling  which  occurs  in  a 
paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when  its  type  is 
double. — Galen,  Alexander  of  Tralles. 

ANADORA,  Bcdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  avaiitwut,  <I  distribute.' 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Congestion 
of  blood  towards  the  upper  parts  of  the  body. 
Anadoeie  seems  also  to  hare  occasionally  meant 
ehylifloation,  whilst  diadoeie  meant  capillary  nu- 
trition,— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  from  am,  'upwards,'  and  fyv«, 
'  I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or  pain  from 
a  lower  to  an  upper  part — Hippocr.  Also,  the 
globus  hystericus. 

AN^fiDCB'US,  from  or,  privative,  and  atooim, 
'organs  of  generation.'  A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 

ANiEMATOPOIE'SIS,  from  «,  «»,  privative, 
'aifioy  'blood/  and  *o«»,  'I  make.'  Impeded  or 
obstructed  haematosis. 

ANiBMATO'SIS,  Ankamato'eie,  from  a,  «v, 
privative,  and  'ac/ia,  'blood.'  Defective  hsema- 
tosis  or  preparation  of  the  blood.    Anssmia. 

ANJS'MIA,  Exa'mia,  Ana'maeu,  Anh&'mia, 
Anhamato'eie,  Polyanha'mia,  Anemo'eis,  Olige- 
mia, Oligoha'mia,  Hypa'mia,  Hydroa'mia,  Hy- 
dremia, Anemia,  (F.)  Animie,  PolyankSmie, 
SydrofUmie,  Exeanguinity,  Bloodleteneet :  from 
a,  priv.,  and  '«4/ia,  '  blood.'  Privation  of  blood ; 
— the  opposite  to  plethora.  It  is  characterised 
by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also,  diminished  quan- 
tity of  fluids  in  the  capillary  vessels : — the  oppo- 
site to  Hyperemia. — The  essential  character  of 
the  blood  in  anmmia  is  diminution  in  the  ratio 
of  red  corpuscles. 

ANJS'MIC,  Anem'ie,  Ana'micus;  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  to  Anaemia,— as  an  "  ancsmie 
person ;"  "  anemic  urine." 

AN AMOCH'ROCS,  from  «, av,  privative,  'atua, 
'blood,'  and  ^poo,  'colour.'  Devoid  of  colour, 
pale. 

ANJSM08IS,  Annmia. 

ANJBMOT'ROPHY,  Anamotroph'ia:  from  av, 
privative,  'aipa,  'blood,'  and  rpo^v,  'nourish- 
ment' A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourishment 
— Prout 

AN^fiMYDRIA,  Anhydwemia. 

ANJESTHE'SIA,  Anaethe'tto,  InteneibWitae, 
Analgefeia,  Parap'rU  expert,  (F.)  Aneeihime : 
from  a,  privative,  and  aiedavoptat, '  I  feel.'  Pri- 
vation of  sensation,  and  especially  of  that  of  touch, 
according  to  some.  It  may  be  general  or  partial, 
and  is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

Axjesthbsia  Lixgu*,  Ageustia— a.  Olfaotoria, 
Anosmia. 

ANJBSTHESIS,  Anaesthesia. 

ANASSTHET'IC,  Anesthetic,  Anasthet'icue, 
Aneetheeique  ;  same  etymon,  as  Anaetheeia.  Re- 
lating to  privation  of  feeling,  as  an  "anartketie 
agent  j"  one  that  prevents  feeling,  as  chloroform 


I  ANANAS 

inhaled  during  a  surgical  operation.  Different 
agents  have  been  used  as  ansssthetios, — sulphuric 
ether,  chloroform,  chloric  ether,  compound  ether, 
ehlorohydrio  and  nitric  ethers,  bisulphuret  of 
carbon,  chloride  of  defiant  gas,  benxin,  aide/ 
hyde,  light  coal-tar  naphtha,  Ac ;  but  the  first 
four  are  alone  employed  as  agents. 

ANESTHETIZATION,  (F.)  AneetUHeaHon/ 
same  etymon.  The  condition  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem induced  by  anesthetics. 

ANJESTHISIA,  Insensibility. 

ANAGAL'LIS,  from  mwa,  and  yaXe,  'milk, 
from  its  power  of  coagulating  milk.  A,  arren'eie, 
A.  Pha>nic"ea,  Bed  Pim'pemel,  Scarlet  Pimper- 
nel Nat.  Ord\  PrimulaoecB.  Sex.  Syet.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Moure*  rouge.  A 
common  European  plant;  a  reputed  antispasmo- 
dic and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anagal'lit  coeru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

Anagallh  Aquattca,  Veronica  Becoabunga. 

ANAGARGALICTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGLYPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 

ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 

ANAGRAPH E,  Prescription. 

ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yrue,  At/opon,  Anag'yrU 
fae'tida,  Stinking  Bean  Trefoil.  Native  of  Italy. 
The  leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.  The  juice 
is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  the  seeds  emetic — Di- 
oseorides,  Paulus. 

ANAGYRUS,  Anagyris. 

ANAL,  Ana'tie.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus ; — as  Anal  region,  Ac 

AN AL'DIA,  (F.)  Analdie  ;  from  a,  privative, 
and  aXSuv,  'to  grow.'    Defective  nutrition. 

ANALEMSIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'eie,  AnaleWtia,  Ana- 
lem'ria,  from  ava,  'fresh,'  and  XaftjSamv,  'to  take* 
Restoration  to  strength  after  disease. — Galen.  A 
kind  of  sympathetic  epilepsy,  originating  from 
gastric  disorder.     See  Epilepsy. 

Also,  the  support  given  to  a  fractured  extre- 
mity ; — Appen'tio. — Hippocrates. 

ANALEPSIS,  Convalescence,  Restauratio. 

ANALEP'TICA,  Anapeyc'tica,  Psychotic*, 
Befecti'ia,  Beficien'tia,  Analeptic*,  same  ety- 
mon. Restorative  medioines  or  food;  such  as 
are  adapted  to  recruit  the  strength  during  con- 
valescence : — as  sago,  salep,  tapioca,  jelly,  Ac 

Analeptic  Pills,  James's,  consist  of  James's 
Powder,  Gum  Ammoniacum,  and  Pills  of  Alois 
and  Myrrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tincture  of  Castor, 
sufficient  to  form  a  mass. 

ANALGE'SIA,  Anal'gia,  from  «,  priv.,  and 
aAyof,  'pain.'  Absence  of  pain  both  in  health 
and  disease.    Bee  Anaesthesia, 

ANALGIA,  Analgesia. 

AN'ALOGUE,  Anal'ogus;  from  era,  'again,' 
and  \oyos, '  a  description.'  A  part  in  one  orga- 
nised being  which  has  the  same  function  as  ano- 
ther part  in  another  organised  being. 

ANALOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

ANALOSIS,  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANALTHES,  Incurable. 

ANAMIRTA  COCCULUS,  Menispermum  coo 
cuius — a.  Paniculata,  Menispermum  cocculus. 

ANAMNESTIC,  Anamnes'Hcum,  from  av*, 
'again,'  and  pvaopat,  'I  remember.'  A  medicine 
for  improving  the  memory.  See,  also,  Comme- 
morative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia  ananas— a.  Aculeate,  Bro- 
meiia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bromelia  pinguin 
—  a.   Ovata,  Bromelia  ananas  —  Wild,  broad 
leaved,  Bromelia  pinguin. 


ANANAZIPTA 


70 


ANASTOMOSIS 


ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  sorawled 
eia  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANDRI'A,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  avrjp, 
*  a  man.'  Want  of  manliness.  Impotence  in  the 
%nale.    The  state  and  act  of  emasculation. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Renova'tio;  from  ava,  'again/ 
and  vtos,  '  new.'  Renovation  or  renewal, — as  of 
the  blood  by  the  chyliferoiu  vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

ANAPETI'A,  Expan'sio  mea'tnum,  from  ava, 
and  rcraw,  'I  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels — Galen. 

ANAPHALANTFASIS,Ana/>ftaJan*o'ma,from 
avatyakavTias,  '  bald.'  Loss  of  the  hair  of  the  eye- 
brows.    Also,  baldness  in  general. 

ANAPHALANTOMA,  Anaphalantiasla. 

ANAPHE,  Anaphia. 

ANAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia,  An'aphi,  from  a,  av, 
priv.,  and  'a^rjy  'touch.'  Diminution  or  privation 
of  the  sense  of  touch. 

ANAPHLASMUS,  Masturbation. 

ANAPHONE'SIS,  from  ava,  'high,'  and  *&>**, 
'voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voioe;  vociferation: — 
the  act  of  crying  out.     Vocifera'tio,  Clamor, 

ANAPHORA,  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Atyo- 
itrtj,  'Venus,'  Defec'tus  Ven'eris.  Absence  of  the 
venereal  appetite.  Sometimes  used  for  Impotence 
and  Sterility. 

ANAPHRODISIAC,  Antaphrodisiac 

ANAPHROMELI,  Mel  despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  Anaplasmus,  from  avawkavim, 
'I  restore.'  Oonfirma'tio,  Repoti"tio.  Restora- 
tion. Union  or  consolidation  of  a  fractured  bone 
—Hippocrates. 

ANAPLASMATIO,  Anaplastic. 

ANAPLASMUS,  Anaplasis. 

ANAPLAS'TIC,  Anaplas'Hcus  ;  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  art  of  restoring  lost 
parts,  or  the  normal  shape— as  'Anaplastic  Sur- 
gery.' See  Morioplaatioe.  Also  an  agent,  that 
increases  the  amount  of  plastic  matter — fibrin — 
in  the  blood ;  Anaplatmat'ic. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  avavXnpou,  'I  fill  up.' 
Repletion.  That  part  of  surgical  therapeutics 
whose  object  is  to  supply  parts  that  are  wanting. 
Also,  Apportion  or  Prosthesis. 

ANAPLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  Fluctua'tio,  Innata'tio,  from 
avavXav,  'to  swim  above.'  The  looseness  or 
shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone ;  or  of  a  carious  or 
other  tooth,  &o. — Hippocrates,  Paulus. 

ANAPLOSIS,  Growth. 

ANAPNEUSIS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOE,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOENU'SI;  from  AnapnoS,  'respira- 
tion,' and  vovcos,  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  re- 
spiratory organs. 

ANAPNOMETER,  Spirometer. 

ANAPODISIS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODISMUS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODOPHYLLUM  CANADENSE,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 

ANAP'OSIS,  Am'posis,  from  ava,  'again/  and 
wooti,  'drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from  the 
circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body — Hippo- 
mates. 

ANAPSE,  Auante. 

ANAPSIA,  Csacitas. 

ANAPSYCTICA,  Analeptic* 

ANAPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ANAPTYXI8,  Growth. 

ANARCOTINA,  Narcotine. 

ANARRHEGNU'MINA,  from  avap^iywat,  'I 
tweak  out  again.'  Fractures  are  so  called  when 
they  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers  when 
they  break  out  afresh. 

ANARRHI'NON,  from  ava,  'op wards/  and 


piv,  'the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the  nose 
— Gorraus. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin ;  from  ava,  and  pivos,  '  the  skin.' 

ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ANARRHOE,  Anarrhoea. 

ANARRHCE'A,  AnaHrhol,  Anarrho'pia, 
Anas' tasis,  from  ava,  'upwards/  and  pew,  'I  flow.' 
Afflux  of  fluid  towards  the  upper  part  of  the 
body. 

ANARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

AKARRHOPHENU'SI ;  from  anarrhopU, 
'absorption/  and  vovoos,  'disease.'  Diseases  of 
the  absorbents. 

ANARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

ANARRHOPIA,  Anarrhoea. 

ANAR'THRUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ap$pov,  'a 
joint'  Without  a  joint.  One  who  is  so  fat  that 
his  joints  are  scarcely  perceptible — Hipp. 

ANAS AR'CA,  from  ava,  '  through/  and  rapf, 
'  the  flesh.'  Anasarch'a,  Catasar'ca,  Aqua  inter- 
cut  seu  inter  cittern,  Hyposar'ca,  Hydrops  cellu- 
la'ris  totius  corporis,  11.  Anasarca,  H.  inter1  cut 
seu  subcuta'neus  seu  eellulo'sus  seu  cuta'neus  sou 
tela:  cellulo'sa,  Katasar'ca,  Episarcid'ivm,  Hyr- 
deros,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'cus,  Hydron'cus, 
Hydrosar'ca,  Hydroder'ma,  Hydrop'isis  vera, 
Sar1  cites,  Polylym'phia,  Hyposarcid'ius,  Leuco- 
phlegma'tia,  General  cTropsy,  Dropsy  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane,  (F.)  Anasarque.  Commonly,  it 
begins  to  manifest  itself  by  swelling  around  the 
ankles;  and  is  characterized  by  tumefaction  of 
the  limbs  and  of  the  soft  parts  covering  the  ab- 
domen, thorax,  and  even  the  face,  with  paleness 
and  dryness  of  the  skin,  and  pitting  when  any 
of  these  (especially  the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon. 
Like  dropsy  in  general,  Anasarca  may  be  active 
or  passive;  and  its  treatment  must  be  regulated 
by  the  rules  that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy. 
At  times,  the  symptoms  are  of  an  acute  character, 
and  the  effusion  sudden,  constituting  Derma- 
toch'ysis,  Hydrops  Anasar'ca  acu'tus,  CEde'ma 
cal'idum,  (E.  acu'tum,  (E.febri'U  of  some.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca  Hybtericum,  Anathymiasis  —  a. 
Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia,  (Edema  of  the 
Lungs  —  a.  Serosa,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ANASARCHA,  Anasarca. 

ANASAR  Q  UE,  Anasarca. 

ANASISMUS,  Concussion. 

ANASPADIA,  see  Anaspadtaus. 

ANASPA'DIAB,  Epispadias,  from  ava,  'up- 
wards/ and  nam,  '  I  draw.'  One  whose  urethra 
opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 

ANASPADISIS,  see  Anaspadiaras. 

ANASPADISMUS,  see  Anaspaditeus. 

ANAS'PASIS,  Anaspawm'us,  from  avasxam,  'I 
contract'  Retrac'tio.  Contraction,  especially  of 
the  bowels.  The  condition  is  called  Anaspa'dia, 
Anaspad'isis,  and  Anaspadis'mus— Hippocrates. 

ANASPASMUS,  Anaspasis. 

ANASSA,  Bromelia  ananas. 

ANASTALTICA,  Styptics. 

ANASTASIS,  Anarrhoea.  Also,  restoration 
from  sickness.    Convalescence. 

ANASTCBCHEIO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again/  and 
eratxMv,  'element'  Reilementa'tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  Into  their  elements — 
Galen. 

ANASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava,  'with/  and  sropa, 
'a  mouth.'  Inoscula'tio  seu  Reu'nio  va»o'ntm, 
Exanastomo'sis,  Concur1  sus,  (F.)  Abouchement. 
Communication  between  two  vessels.  By  consi- 
dering the  nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a 
nervous  fluid  circulates,  their  communication  like- 
wise has  been  oalled  Anastomosis.  By  means  of 
anastomoses,  if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested 
in  one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 


ANASTOMOTIC 


71 


ANCHU8A  ANGUSTIFOLIA 


Awastomosis  Ajtbubismatica,  Telangiectasia 
—a.  Jacobson' s ; — see  Petrosal  ganglion.    ' 

ANASTOMOT'ICS,  Anastomotiea.  Same  ety- 
mon. Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so  called, 
which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  opening  the 
months  of  vessels : — as  aperients,  diuretics,  Ac. 

ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS,  (RAMUS,) 
(P.)  Artire  collaterals  interne,  A.  coUatiraU  du 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internos,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  triceps,  and  to  the  muscles,  ligaments, 
6c,  about  the  elbow  joint  See,  also,  Articular 
arteries  of  the  knee. 

ANASTROPHE  UTERI,  Inversio  uteri 

ANATASIS,  Extension. 

ANATHYMIAMA,  Anathymiasis. 

ANATHTMI'ASIS,  Anathymi'ama,  from  m, 
'upwards,'  and  Bvua,  'fumigation.'  (Ede'mafu- 
gatr,  (Ede'ma  spas' tic  vm,  (Ede'ma  hyste^icum, 
Anasarca  hyster'icum.  An  uncertain  and  tran- 
sient swelling  or  inflation,  said  to  have  been  ob- 
served at  times  in  nervous  and  hysterical  per- 
sons. It  also  means  Exhalation,  Fumigation,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

ANATOLE  UNGUIUM,  see  NaiL 

ANATOME,  Anatomy— a.  Animata,  Physi- 
ology. 

ANATOMIA,  Anatomy — a.  Animalis,  Zootomy 
—a.  Comparata,  Zootomy — a.  Comparativa,  Zo- 
otomy— a.  Viva,  Physiology. 

AH ATOM IE,  Anatomy— a.  ChirurgicaU,  see 
Anatomy — a.  des  Regions,  see  Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icus%  One  who  oc- 
cupies himself  with  anatomy.  One  versed  in 
Anatomy. 

ANATOMY,  Anatomi,  Anatom'ia,  Proseeftio, 
from  ova,  and  rtpvuv,  'to  cut,'  (F.)  Anatomic 
The  word  Anatomy  properly  signifies  detection  ; 
but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the  study  and 
knowledge  of  the  number,  shape,  situation,  struc- 
ture, and  connexion, — in  a  word,  of  all  the  appa- 
rent properties  of  organised  bodies.  Anatomy  is 
the  science  of  organisation.  Some  have  given  the 
term  a  still  more  extended  acceptation,  applying 
it  to  every  mechanical  decomposition,  even  of  in- 
organic bodies.  Thus,  Crystallography  has  been 
termed  the  Anatomy  of  crystallized  minerals. 
Anatomy  has  also  been  called  Morphology,  So- 
matology, Somatotomy,  Organology,  Ac.  It  as- 
sumes different  names  according  as  the  study  is 
confined  to  one  organised  being,  or  to  a  species  or 
class  of  beings.  Thus,  Androtomy,  or  Anthropot- 
omv,  or  Anthropog'raphy,  or  Anthroposomatology, 
is  the  Anatomy  of  man: — Zootomy,  that  of  the  other 
species  of  the  animal  kingdom  :  and  Veterinary 
Anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals-: 
but  when  the  word  is  used  abstractly,  it  means 
human  Anatomy,  and  particularly  the  study  of 
the  organs  in  a  physiological  or  healthy  state. 
Physiological  Anatomy  is  occasionally  used  to 
signify  the  kind  of  anatomy  which  investigates 
structure  with  a  special  view  to  function.  The 
Anatomy  of  the  diseased  human  body  is  called 
Patholog"ical  or  Morbid  Anatomy,  and  when  ap- 
plied to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Foren'sic  Anat- 
omy. Several  of  the  organs  possessing  a  simi- 
larity of  structure,  and  being  formed  of  the  same 
tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into  Systems  or 
Genera  of  Organs ;  and  the  study  of,  or  acquaint- 
ance with,  such  systems,  has  been  called  General 
Anatomy,  Histology,  or  Morphotomv,  whilst  the 
study  of  each  organ  in  particular  has  been  termed 
Descriptive  Anatomy.  Histology  is,  however,  more 
frequently  applied  to  the  Anatomy  of  the  Tissues, 
which  is  called,  also,  Tex'tural  and  Microscopic 
Anatomy.  Descriptive  Anatomy  has  been  di- 
vided into  Skeletology  which  comprises  Osteol- 


ogy, and  Syndesmology;  and  into  Sarcology, 
which  is  subdivided  into  Myology,  Neurology, 
Angiol'ogy,  AdenoVogy,  Splanchnology,  andDer- 
mol'ogy.  Sur'gical  Anatomy,  Medico-  Ch  iurgieal 
Anatomy,  Topograph' ical  Anatomy,  Re'gional$ 
Anat'omy,  (F.)  Anatomic  Chiurgicale,  A.  des  Re- 
gions, is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the 
bones,  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  Ac,  with  which 
it  is  indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  per- 
forming operations.  Comparative  Anat'omy  It 
the  comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of  its 
structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  different 
classes  of  animals.  Transcendental  or  Philosoph- 
ical Anatomy  inquires  into  the  mode,  plan,  or 
model  upon  which  the  animal  frame  or  organs 
are  formed ;  and  Artificial  Anatomy  is  the  art 
of  modelling  and  representing  in  wax  or  other 
substance,  the  different  organs  or  different  parts 
of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or  diseased  state. 
Phytotomy  is  the  anatomy  of  vegetables,  and 
Pietofrial  Anatomy,  anatomy  artistically  illus- 
trated. 

Anatom r,  Artificial,  see  Anatomy — a.  Com- 
parative, see  Anatomy,  Zootomy — a.  Descriptive, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Forensic,  see  Anatomy — a.  Ge- 
neral, see  Anatomy — a.  Human,  see  Anatomy — 
a.  of  Man,  see  Anatomy — a.  Medico-chirurgical, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Microscopic,  see  Anatomy — a. 
Morbid,  see  Anatomy — a.  Pathological,  see  Anat- 
omy— a.  Philosophical,  sec  Anatomy — a.  Physi- 
ological, see  Anatomy — a.  Pictorial,  Bee  Anatomy 
— a.  Practical,  see  Dissection — a.  Regional,  see 
Anatomy — a.  Surgical,  see  Anatomy — a.  Tex- 
tural,  see  Anatomy — a.  Topographical,  see  Anat- 
omy— a.  Transcendental,  see  Anatomy — a.  Vet- 
erinary, see  Anatomy. 
ANATON,  Soda. 
ANATREPSIS,  Restauratio. 
ANATRESIS,  Perforation,  Trepanning. 
ANATRIBE,  Friction. 
ANATRIPSIS,  Friction. 
ANATRIPSOL'OGY,   Anatripsolog"ia,  Ana- 
triptologf,ia,  from  avarpt^sis,  '  friction,'  and  Xoyor, 
'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  friction  as  a  re- 
medy. 
ANATRIPTOLOGIA,  Anatripsology. 
ANATRON,  Natrum,  Soda. 
ANAT'ROPE,  from  ava,  'upwards/  and  rptvu, 
'I  turn.'     Subversion.     A  turning  or  subver- 
sion or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach,  charac- 
terized by  nausea,  vomiting,  Ac.  —  Galen.    Wo 
still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against  any 
thing. 
ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitos. 
ANAXYRIS,  Rumex  acetosa. 
ANAZESIS,  Ebullition. 
ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 
ANCHA,  Haunch. 
ANCHILOPS,  ^gilops. 
ANCHORALIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracold. 
ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  A.  Officinalii 
— a.  Incarnata,  A.  Officinalis — a.  Lycopsoides,  A. 
Officinalis. 

Akchu'sa  Officinalis,  A.  Angustifo'lia  seu 
Incama'ta  seu  LycopsoVdes,  Alca'na,  Lingua 
Boms,  Buglos'svm  sylves'tri,  Ojffic"inal  or  Garden 
Alkanet  or  Bugloss  ;  ATat.  Ord.  B  or  agin  ere.  Sex. 
SysL  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Bugloss. 
A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The  herb  was  for- 
merly esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  melancholia  and 
hypochondriasis ;  but  it  is  now  rarely  used.  It 
is  also  called  Buglos'sa,  Bvglos'sum  angust\fo'» 
Hum  majus,  B.  vulga'ri  majus,  B.  sativum* 

Ahchu'sA  Tincto'ria,  Alcan'na  spu'ria,  Dy- 
er's Bugloss,  Ane'bium,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rutn, 
Lithosper'mum  villo'snm,  Dyer's  Alkanet,  {¥) 
Orcanette.     A  European  plant.     Tho  medkal 


ANCHYLOSIS 


properties  are  equivocal.    It  is  naed  to  give  a 
beautiful  red  colour  to  ointments. 
ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 
ANCISTRON,  Hamulus. 
ANOOLIE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 
ANCON,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 
ANCONAD,  see  Anconal  Aspect 
ANCONAGRA,  Pechyagra. 
ANCO'NAL;  from  ayxuv,  'the  elbow/   Relat- 
ing, or  appertaining  to,  the  elbow  or  the  oleoranon. 
Anconal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  anoon  or  elbow  is  situated. — Bar- 
clay.   Anco'nad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  ad- 
verbially, to  signify  'towards  the  anconal  aspect' 
ANOONJS,  Anconeus. 

ANCONE'US,  from  ayicvv,  'the  elbow.'  A  term 
once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to  the  ole- 
cranon. Winslow  distinguished  four : — the  great, 
external,  internal,  and  email;  the  first  three  Doing 
portions  of  the  same  muscle,  the  triceps  brachia- 
ls. The  last  has,  alone,  retained  the  name.  It 
is  the  Ancone'us  minor  of  Winslow,  the  Ancone'us 
vel  Oubita'lis  Riola'ni  of  Douglas,  the  Epieon- 
dyh-Cubita'lis  of  Chaussier,  the  Brevis  Ou'biti, 
(F.)  AnconS,  and  is  sitnate  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  fore-arm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  posterior  edge  of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna. 
Its  use  is  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 
Anconeus  Externub,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubiti  —  a.  Internus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

ANCTE'RES.  Fibula  or  Olaspe,  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
— Celsus,  Galen. 
ANCTERIASMUS,  Lobulation. 
ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.  An  aifeetion  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
were  irritating  the  organ. 

ANCUNNUEN'T-fi.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  menstruating  females. 

ANCUS,  Ankue,  from  ayiatv,  'the  elbow.'  One 
who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 

Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm. — Hippocrates. 
ANCYLE,  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 
ANCYLODERE,  Torticollis. 
ANCYLODERIS,  Torticollis. 
ANCYLODONTIA,  Ankylodontia. 
ANCYLOGLOSSIA,  Ankyloglossia. 
ANCYLOMELE,  Ankylomele. 
ANCYLOMERISMUS,  Ankylomerismns. 
ANCYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 
ANCYL0T0MU8,  Ankylotomua. 
ANCYRA,  Hook. 

ANCYROID  CAVITY,  Digital  cavity. 
ANCYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 
AND  A.  A  tree  of  Brazil; — Anda  Gome*  six, 
Joanne' sia  prineepe.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monceeia  Monadelphia.  An  oil  is 
obtained  from  the  seeds  by  pressure,  50  to  60 
drops  of  which  act  as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is 
an  oval  nut  containing  two  seeds.  These  have 
the  taste  of  the  chestnut;  but  are  strongly  ca- 
thartic, and  even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astrin- 
gent and  is  used  as  such  in  diarrhoea,  Ac. 

ANDELY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  An- 
dely  is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  eight  leagues 
from  Rouen.  The  water  is  cold,  and  a  weak  cha- 
lybeate. It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal 
abstraction. 

ANDERSON'S  PILLS,  PUuIsd  Aloes  et  Ja- 
iapsD. 

ANDIRA  IBAI,  GeoffrflBa  Vermifiiga—  a.  In- 
ermis, Geoffrsea  inermis — a.  Racemosa,  Geoffrsea 
inermis — a.  Surinamensis,  Geoffrsea  Surinamensis. 
ANDRACHAHARA,  Sempervivum  teotorum. 


72  AXEUON&  DES  BOIS 

ANDRACHNE,  Arbutus  nnedo,  Portulaca. 
ANDRANATOM'IA,    Andranat'omt,   Andro- 
tom'ia,   Androt'oml,  Anthropot'omy,  from   avtfp, 
genitive  av&pos,  '  a  man,'  and  rqtvuv,  'to  cut'  The 
anatomy  of  man. 
ANDRPA.    Adult  age.    Manhood. 
Akdri'a  Mtj'lier,  Mulier  Hermaphroditic** 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

ANDROGEN'IA,  from  avnp,  'man,'  andymnt, 
'  generation.'  The  procreation  of  males.  —  Hip- 
pocrates. 

ANDROG"YNUS,  from  avvp,  'a  man,'  and 
yvvn, '  a  woman.'  A  hermaphrodite.  An  effe- 
minate person. — Hippocrates. 

AlfDROLEPSIA,  Conception. 

ANDROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,  Sorrel  Tree, 
Sour  Tree,  Sour  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood, 
Sorrel  Wood,  Sour  Leaf,  (F.)  Andromtdier.  A 
small  indigenous  tree;  Nat.  Ord.  Ericeae,  Sex. 
Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia ;  found  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  and  the  hills  and  valleys  di- 
verging from  them,  as  far  as  the  southern  limits 
of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north  of 
Virginia.  The  leaves  are  refrigerant  and  astrin- 
gent fend  n*ve  Deen  used  to  make  a  kind  of  le- 
monade, which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

Androm'eba  Maria'na,  Broad-leaved  Moor- 
wort.  A  decoction  of  this  American  plant  is 
said  to  have  been  successfully  employed  as  a 
wash,  in  a  disagreeable  affection, — not  uncommon 
amongst  the  slaves  in  the  southern  parts  of  the 
United  States,— called  the  Toe  Itch,  and  Ground 
Itch. — Barton. 

ANDROPOGON  BICORNIS,  Juncus  odoratus 
— a.  Citratus,  Juncus  odoratus — a.  Citriodorus, 
Juncus  odoratus,  Nardus  Indica — a.  Nardus,  Ca- 
lamus Alexandrinus,  Nardus  Indica  —  a.  Schoe- 
nanthns,  Juncus  odoratus. 

ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus  —  a.  Mat- 
thioli,  Umbilicus  marinns. 

ANDROS^MUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

ANDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANDRUM.  An  East  India  word,  latinised 
by  Kcempfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

ANiANTlSSEMENT  (F.),  FtVtum  exHne'^ 
tio.  This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolieally, 
by  patients  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

ANEBIUM,  Anchusa  tinotoria, 

ANEBUS,  Impuber. 

ANECPYE'TUS,  from  or,  for  arc*,  'without,' 
and  9vcu,  '  I  promote  suppuration.'  That  which 
does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to  suppurate. 

ANEGER'TICA,  from  aveytipu,  'I  awaken.' 
The  art  of  resuscitating  the  apparently  dead. 

ANEILE'MA,  Ancile'eis,  from1  avuXcrdai,  'to 
be  rolled  upwards.'  Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it — Hippocrates. 

ANEILESIS,  Aneilema. 

ANEMIA,  Anaemia. 

ANEMO'NE.  The  Wind  Flower:  from  «•«;»* 
'  the  wind/  because  it  does  not  open  its  flowers 
until  blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

ANEMONE  DES  BOIS,  Anemone  nemo- 
rosa. 

Anemone  Colli* a,  A.  Pulsatilla — a.  Hepatica, 
Hepatica  triloba — a.  Intermedia,  A.  Pulsatilla. 

Anemo'nE  Nbmoro'sa,  Hanun' cuius  albut  sen 
nemoro'sus,  Wood  anem'ony,  (F.)  Antmone  dee 
bois.  The  herb  and  flowers  are  poisonous,  acrid, 
and  corrosive.  They  have  been  used  as  rube- 
facients. 

Aneko'nS  Praten'bis,  A.  Sylvettris,  Pulsatil- 
la nigricans  sen  praten'sis.    Toil  plant  has  si- 


ANBMONY 


T3 


ANEURISM 


nflar  properties  with  the  last  It  is  also  sailed 
Meadow  Anemony,  (F.)  PuUaiille  noire,  P.  dee 
pris. 

Anemo'sV  Pttlsatili/la,  A.  Colli' na  sea  In- 
terme'dia  seu  Praten'sis  sea  2?uora,  Pulsatilla 
vulga'ris,  Herba  ventis,  Nola  culina'ria,  Pasque 
flower,  (F.)  Coquelourde,  possesses  like  proper- 
ties. 

AwEKOifT  Rusba,  A.  Pratensis — a.  Rue-leaved, 
Thalictrum  anemonoides — a.  Sylvestris,  A.  Pra- 
tensis. 

ANEMONY,  Anemone  hepatiea  —  a.  Meadow, 
Anemone  pratensis — a.  Wood,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

ANEMOS,  Wind. 

ANENCEPHALIA,  see  Anencephalus. 

ANENC&PHALOTROPHIE,  from  ay,  priva- 
tive; cyffcfoA*;,  'the  encephalon,'  and  rpo<pn,  'nou- 
rishment    Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

ANENCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  privative,  and 
fycc^oAofy  'brain.'  A  monster  devoid  of  brain. 
— Bonetus.  O.  St  Hilaire.  Also  one  that  has 
a  part  only  of  the  brain ; — Paraetph'alus.  The 
condition  has  been  called  AneneephaVia,  A  weak, 
silly  person. — Hippoorates. 

ANBNERGESIA,  Debility. 

ANENERGIA,  Debility. 

ANENTERONERVIA,  Colic. 

ANEPISCHESIS,  Incontinentia. 

ANEPITHYM'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  mSvpta, 
'desire/  Many  nosologists  have  used  this  word 
for  a  loss  of  the  appetites,  as  of  those  of  hunger, 
thirst,  venery,  Ac. 

Ankpithymia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis. 

ANER,  avrtp,  genitive  av&pof.    A  man. 

ANERETHIS'IA,  InirritabiVitas,  from  «,  priv., 
and  totOioit,  '  irritability.'  Defect  of  irritability. 
— Swediaur. 

ANERYTHROP'SIA,  from  av,  priv.,  tpv&ps, 
'red/  and  oweis,  'vision/  Defective  vision,  which 
consists  in  an  incapability  of  distinguishing  red. 

ANESIS,  Remission. 

ANESTHtisiE,  Anaesthesia. 

ANESTH&SIE  EXTATIQUE.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially  by  the  manipulations  of  the  animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESTHETIC,  Ansesthetio. 

ANESTH&SIQUE,  Ansesthetio. 

ANESTHETIZATION,  Ansesthetisation. 

ANESON,  Anethum. 

ANESUM,  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANBT,  Anethum. 

ANETH,  Anethum  graveolens. 

ANE'THUM,  Anefson,  Ane'ton,  Ane'thnm  Fce- 
nic'ulum  sen  Sege'tum  sen  Piperi 'turn,  Fornix 'ulum, 
F.  Officinale,  F.  vulgafrl,  F.  Dulci,  Ligus'ticum 
fctnic'ulum,  Fan'eulum,  Fennel  or  Finckle,  Mar1- 
athrum,  Anet,  Sweet  Fennel,  (F.)  Fenouil  ou 
JLMe  doux.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  seeds  Fcenie'ulum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  warm, 
sweetish  taste.  They  are  carminative.  The  oil 
—  Oleum  Fcenic'uli  —  iB  officinal  in  the  Ph.TJ.  S. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  pectoral  and  diuretic. 

Anethum  Fceniculum,  Anethum. 

Anb'thum  Gravkolens,  Anethum,  Pastina'ea 
Anethum  sen  Graveolens,  Ferfula  Graveolens,  A, 
horten'sl,  Hill,  (F.)  Aneth,  Fenouil  ptiant.  A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  The  seeds  are  sti- 
mulant and  carminative.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  £j. 

Oleum  Ane*thi,  Oil  of  Dill,  (F.)  Huile  <f  Aneth, 
possesses  the  carminative  properties  of  the  plant. 

Anbthum  Pastinaca,  Pastinaca  Sativa — a. 
Piperitum,  Anethum — a.  Segetnm,  Anethum. 

ANETICTJS,  Anodyne. 

ANETON,  Anethum. 


ANETUS,  Intermittent  fever— a.  Quartaaus, 
Quartan— a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian— a.  Tertia- 
nus,  Tertian  fever. 

ANEURAL'GICON,  from  «,  privative,  wvmv, 
'  nerve ;'  and  aXyot, '  pain/  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
C.  T.  Downing  to  an  instrument  used  by  him  to 
allay  pain  in  nerves.  It  is  a  kind  of  fumigating 
apparatus,  in  which  dried  narcotic  and  other 
herbs  are  burnt,  the  heated  vapour  being  directed 
to  any  part  of  the  body. 

AN'EURISM,  Aneurys'ma,  Aneurys'mus,  Aneu- 
ris'ma,  Cedma,  from  avnswuv,  '  to  dilate  er  dis- 
tend/ Dilata'tio  Arteria'rum,  Ecta'sia,  Embo- 
rys'ma,  Exangi'a  aneuris'ma,  Arterieurys'ma,  At- 
tereurytfma,  Hamatoee'li  arterio'sa,  Abscee'sm 
spirituo'sus,  Arteriee'tasis,  (F.)  Anivrysme,  Aneu- 
rism*. Properly,  Aneurism  signifies  a  tumour, 
produoed  by  the  dilatation  of  an  artery ;  but  it  has 
been  extended  to  various  lesions  of  arteries,  as 
well  as  to  dilatations  of  the  heart 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief. 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour,  it 
enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  artery. 
This  is  the  true  Aneurism,  Aneurys'ma  verum, 
Hernia  Arteria'rum,  (F.)  Anivrysme  vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  the 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  falsi 
Aneurism,  Aneurie'ma  spufrium,  Ruptn'ra  Arte9- 
ria,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arteriodial'ysis,  Ecckymo'- 
ma  arterio'eum,  (F.)  Antyrvsme  faux.  The  latter 
is  divided  into  three  varieties. 

1.  Diffused  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Aneurysms 
faux,  primitif,  diffue,  noncirconserit  ou  par  infil- 
tration, which  occurs  immediately  after  the  divi- 
sion or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists  of  an 
extravasation  of  blood  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  part 

2.  Circumscribed  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Aniv- 
rysme, faux  eonsicutif,  circonscrit  ou  par  ipanche~ 
ment,  enkysU  ou  saeciforme,  tumeur  hSmorrhagiale 
eireonserite,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  the 
vessel  some  time  slier  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 
and  forms  itself  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  areolar 
membrane. 

3.  An'euriem  by  Anastomo'sis,  or  Var'icose  An* 
euriem,  Phlebarteriodial'ysis,  Aneurys'ma  veno'- 
so-art erior sum,  A.  varieo'sum.  (F.)  Anivrysme  par 
anastomose  ou  variqueux,  A.  par  Srosion,  A.  de 
Pott,  A.  des  pluspetites  arikrss,  which  arises  from 
the  simultaneous  wounding  of  an  artery  and 
vein; — the  arterial  blood  passing  into  the  vein, 
and  producing  a  varioose  state  of  it 

IIL  Mixed  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anivrysme  mixte, 
is  that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one  or 
two  of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of  the 
other.  Some  authors  have  made  two  varieties 
of  this. 

1.  Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  internal 
and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  areolar 
is  dilated. 

2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  Which  the  in- 
ternal coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes,  like  a  hernial 
sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and  outer  coat*. 
This  variety  has  been  called  Aneurys'ma  Her*- 
niam  Arte'rim  sistens. 

Aneurisms  have  been  likewise  termed  trau- 
mat'ie  and  spontaneous,  according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  originated 
spontaneously.  They  have  also  been  divided 
into  internal  and  external. 

The  internal  aneurisms  are  situate  in  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the  heart  and 
great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen,  Ac.  Their 
diagnosis  is  difficult,  and  they  are  often  inacces- 
sible to  surgical  treatment 
■     The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  at  the  exttv 


ANEURISMA 


n 


ANGEIOBBH(EA 


nor  of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  tho  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  lamina)  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  whioh  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'chi,  Car- 
dieuryt'ma,  (F.)  Anivryemee  du  eosur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  paeeive*  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
eommonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart,  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  uneuriem,  Oardiec'tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
la  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightly  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The 
impulse  is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  aro 
widely  transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not 
much  fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of 
origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  heart — Car  di- 
sc'tasie  partia'lis,  Aneurytfrna  consecuti'vum  cor- 
dis, is  sometimes  seen, — rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  bt  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor — a.  Ex- 
ternal, see  Aneurism — a.  False,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism — a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism — a. 
Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Ajieurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
lee  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISMA,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurysmal,  Aneuriemafic, 
Aneurysmal  icue,  Aneuriema'lie.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (F.)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
anSvryemalf  is  a  sort  of  pouoh,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  if  con- 
tained. 

ANEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSM  A,  Aneurism— a.  Cordis  activum, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the — a.  Herniam  arteries 
•istens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
—a.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Venoso-arte- 
rlosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEUR  YSME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

AN&VRYSME,  Aneurism  — a.  de  VAorte, 
Aorteurysma — a.  Circonscrit,  see  Aneurism — a. 
4s  Pott,  see  Aneurism— a,  dee  Plut  petite*  arieres, 


see  Aneurism — a.  Diffus,  see  Aneurism — a.  E%- 
kysti,  see  Aneurism — a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism— 
a.  Faux  coneicutif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mix*e,  see 
Aneurism — a.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism— a. 
par  Epanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Jsrosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
a.  Primilif,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Sactiforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

ANFION,  Maslach. 

anfractuositjSs  C&R&BRALES,  An- 
fractuoBities,  cerebral — a.  EthmoidaUs,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUdS'ITY,  Anfrae'tus,  Gyrue,  from 
am,  'around/  and  frangere, fractum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.    These 

Anfractuosities,  Cerebral,  Anfracrtus  Cer'- 
ebri,  Qyri  Cer'ebri,  Intestin'ula  Cerebri,  (F.) 
AnfraetuosiUs  Cfribrales,  are  always  narrow,  and 
deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the  brain  than  at 
its  base ;  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fraetuositis  ethmoidals. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities  (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiography,  Angeio- 
graph1 'ia,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypa<prj,  'a 
description.'    The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'- 
raphy,  Angeiondrog' raphy,  Angeiohydrogra'phia, 
Hydrangiograph'ia,  from  ayytiov, '  a  vessel/  'v&up, 
'water/  and  ypafm,  'I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrofomy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydra** 
giotom'ia,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel/  'vbmp,  'water,' 
and  Ttftsiy, '  to  out'    Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCPTIS,  Angioleuei'tis,  Lym- 
phangei'tie,  Lymphangi'tis,  Lymphangioi'tit,  fiy- 
drangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lymphati'tis,  Infavma'- 
tio  vaso'rum  lymphatieo'rum,  from  ayytiov,  'a 
vessel/  Xevw,  'white/  and  itis,  inflammation. 
(F.)  Inflammation  dee  vaieeeaux  lymphatiquee  on 
dee  tieeue  blance.  Inflammation  of  the  lympha- 
tics :  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  AngioVogy,  Angeiolog"ia, 
from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel/  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  Phlebol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohvdrol'ogy, 

ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia  ;  from 
ayytiov,  '  a  vessel/  and  uaKoxta,  'softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  Hsomatodee  fungus. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  A ngiopath i'a,  Angeion'- 
oeue,  Angeionu'sue,  Angio'sis,  from  ayytiov,  'a 
vessel/  and  xaBos,  '  a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

ANGEIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGEIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

ANGEIORRHAGIA,  Htemorrhagia  activa. 

ANGEIORRHCB'A,   (F.)  Angciorrhie  ;  from 


AKGEIOSES 


re 


AffGIXA 


myyttow*  'a  Tend,*  and  mem,  'I  flow.' 
hemorrhage. 

AXGEIOSIS,  Angiosis. 
ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxi*. 
ANGEIOSTENOSIS,  Aiigiemphraxm, 
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  AngvosU/sis,  from  ayytsm, 
'a  vessel,'  and  eartmen,  'ossification.'    Ossmca- 
tion  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 
ANGEIOTELBCTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 
ANGEIOT'OMY,    Angiotomy,   Angeiotemtia, 
from   ayyuov,  'a  vessel/  and  npvuv,  'to  eat/ 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANGEI'TIS,  Angiitis,  Angiitis,  In/amma'- 
tio  vaeo'rum,  (V.)  AngUte,  Inflammation  of  ▼< 
eels  in  general. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  load*. 
ANGEL'ICA,  Angel' ica  ArchangcTica  I 
Hispa'na  sea  Sati'va,  Archangel1  ica  ojicina'lis, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angtlique,  Racine  de  Saint 
Esprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots, 
Stalk,  leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carmi- 
native. A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which 
is  agreeable. 

Angelica  Abchangelica,  Angelica. 
Angel'ica    Atropurpu'rea,    Angelica    (Ph. 
TJ.  6.)  MaatertDorU   An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.    Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 
Angelica  LEvrsncuir,  Ligusticum  leristienm. 
Angelica  Lu'ctoa,  Angelic  root,  Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subacrid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic. 

Angelica  Officinalis,  Imperatoria — a.  Pain 
dapifolia,  Lignsticam  levisticum — a.  8ativa,  An 
gelica,  A.  sylvestris. 

Angelica  Stlves'tris,  A,  •ati'va,  SeWnuu 
Sylvettri  sen  Angel' tea  sen  Puheteens,  Impera- 
to'ria  Sylvettres  sea  Angelica,  Wild  Angel' tea, 
(F.)  Angtlique  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  bat  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to  destroy  lice. 

Angelica  Sylyestbu,  Ligostienm  podagraria 
—a.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELI'N^  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic 

ANQ&LIQUE,  Angelica— a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
lea  sylvestris. 
ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanus. 
ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIDIBCTASIA,  Trichangiectasia. 
ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Hsematodes  fungus. 
ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix 
ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  Angccta'sia, 
Angieurytma,   Angeiecto'ma,  from    ayyttov,   'a 
vessel,'  and  vcrasis,  'dilatation.'    Any  dilatation 
of  vessels. — Grafe  and  Alibert     Telangiectasia. 
ANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Angemphrax'is,  Angei- 
osteno'ris,  Angeiostegno'sis,  from  avyttov,  'a  ves- 
sel/ and  tpfpaZts,  'obstruction.'    Obstruction  of 
ressels. 
ANGIEURYSMA,  Angiectasis. 
ANQIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 
ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Fehris  Angino'sa,  Isthmi'tis,  Quin- 
sy or  Sore  Throat;  from  angere,  'to  suffocate/ 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  which  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  snob 


Boerhaare  speaks  of  the 
arid)  is  nothing 


Angina  Artmosx.  Aphtha*  a.  A^nnsa,  <E4e» 
ma  of  the  glottis — a.  BimmJualis.  Br  r^irw— a. 
Canina,  Cyaaacke  Unkfali* — a  C  -rii*.  Aim 
pectoris — a.  cam  Tussore,  Cycaaeae  «tr7«ra — 
a  Epidcnica,  Cyaaacke  maligna —  a  tylr-JC- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a.  Kijripclav  *a,  Errth^aceka 
a  Exndatoria,  Cyaaacke  tracheaE* — a  Enma, 
Cynanehe  parotid  s»a  a.  Fbimiim  Istkxcfcif — a. 
Fancina  MaBgna,  Cyaaacke  nuZirra— a  F'.15- 
cnlosa  of  the  pharynx.  Fkaryngztift.  f.  HI*«lar — a 
Gangrenosa,  Cynaaeke  saaiigaa — a  Hvsbda, 
Cynanehe  traekea&s — a.  Insboneaiera.  Cywaav 
eke,  Cynanehe  UafkfaBs — ■a.  Laryrsea.  laryn- 
gitis—  a  Laryngea  CiTeV— atn'ia,  OSeVata  ef  tha 
glottis — a.  Liagnaria,  Glausiui — a  ¥ii;gna.  An- 
gina peffinilaria,  Cyaaacke  saafigEa.  PfcaTyarina, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxfllaris,  Cyaaacke  par  tisas 
—  a.  Membranaeea,  Cyaaacke  tiackeafis — a. 
Mttf«f  Irtharitif. 

Angi'na  Xasa'us,  KawCtis  post? cm.  Am  in- 
flammation at  the  posterior  portion  of  tkeSefcnei- 
derian  membrane  fining  the  nose.    Also,  Cocyra 

ANGI'NA  CBftEnATO'SAy  (F.;  Angime  *4tmm- 
temse,  (Bdhme  de  la  GlotU.  An  CFdesaatonv  FaeB. 
ing  of  the  glottis :  the  effect  of  chronic  cynaaek* 
laryngea.    See  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperohis — a  Paralytiea, 
Pharyngoplegia— a  Parotidsea  Externa,  Cynan- 
ehe parotids»a 

Angi'na  PEC'TOma,  A.  eordU,  Surmargi*, 
Atthnut  epatftieo-arikri/icwm  imeom'eUau,  Artkma 
diaphi  agnatic***,  ArlkrCti*  diaphragmatic*, 
Orthopnea  cardCaca,  Stcmodyn'ia  eynerjp/tiea 
et  paFpitans,  S.  •gncopaJlU,  Cardiog* mnt  eordit 
einuftri,  Aatheni'a  fcctorWlU,  Angor  peeftorie, 
Stcnoear'dia,  Diaphragmatic  gout.  Asthma  com-, 
vulri'vmm,  Asthma  arthrtfienm,  OardumcnraTgia, 
NearuVgia  brachiothoracf'icay  Hypereethe'ei* 
plexus  cardCaci,  A.  dolorifieum,  Syn'copi  angi- 
no*sa  sen  angens,  Cardiod'yni  spasmod'iea  inter- 
mittens, Pnigopho'hia,  PruneFla,  Suspir'ium 
cardi'acum,  PneumonaFgia,  Sufocative  Breast- 
pang,  (F.)  Amgine  de  Poitrine,  Nfrrose  du  Ckrur. 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are,  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms;  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart  It  appears  to  be  neuropa- 
thic, and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  the  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  mors 
in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re* 
quired  during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pkllicdxa'ris,  A.  malig'na,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out,  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Aphtha, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niform  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angina  Perniciosa,  Cynanehe  traohealls— a 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic— a.  Poly- 
posa,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Polypoea  sen  mem- 
branacea,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Pseudo-mem* 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritio — a.  PulpoMk 


ANEURISMA 


rior  of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  laminae  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'cKi,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  Antvrysmes  du  camr,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
soarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
commonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart,  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  uneurism,  Oardiee'tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightly  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The 
impulse  is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  arc 
widely  transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not 
much  fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of 
origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  heart — Oardi- 
ee'tasis partialis,  Aneurys'ma  eonsecuti'vum  cor- 
dis, is  sometimes  seen,— rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  by  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor — a.  Ex- 
ternal, see  Aneurism — a.  False,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism — a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism — a. 
Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISM  A,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurysmal,  Aneuriemat'ie, 
Aneurysmal' icua,  Aneuriema'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sao  or  Ctbt,  (F.)  Sae  ou  Kyste 
antvrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is  con- 
tained. 

ANEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURTSMA,  Aneurism— a.  Cordis  aotivum, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the — a.  Herniam  arterise 
•istens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Varico8um,  see  Aneurism — a.  Venoso-arte- 
riosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEUR  YSME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURTSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

ANiVRYSME,  Aneurism  — a.  de  VAorte, 
Aorteurysma — a.  Oireonserit,  see  Aneurism — a. 
de  Pott,  see  Aneurism — a.  dee  Plus  petite*  artires, 


U  ANGEIORRBKEA 

see  Aneurism — a.  Diffue,  see  Aneurism — a.  En- 
kysti,  see  Aneurism — a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  Faux  eonsicutif,  see  Aneurism — a,  Mixte,  see 
Aneurism — a.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism — a. 
par  JSpanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Erosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
a.  Primitif  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Saceiforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

ANFION,  Maslach. 

ANFRACTUOSITJlS  C&REBRALES,  An- 
fractuoBities,  cerebral — a.  Ethmoidal**,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUdS'ITY,  Anfraeftus,  Gyrus,  from 
am,  'around,'  and  frangere,  fractum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.    These 

Anfractuobities,  Cerebral,  Anfrac'tus  Cer'- 
ebri,  Oyri  Cer'ebri,  Intestinfula  Cerebri,  (F.) 
Anfractuositis  Cirtbrales,  are  always  narrow,  and 
deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the  brain  than  at 
its  base ;  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fractuositis  ethmoldales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities  (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angieotasis. 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiography,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel/  and  ypafij,  'a 
description.'    The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'- 
raphy,  Angeiondrog'raphy,  Angeiohydrogra'phia, 
Hydrangiograph'ia,  from  ayytiov, '  a  vessel/  'v£u>p, 
'  water/  and  ypaem,  '  I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrofomy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydran- 
giotom'ia,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  'v&uo,  'water/ 
and  rtutiv, '  to  out.'    Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Angioleuei'tis,  Lym- 
phangei'tis,  Lymphangi'Hs,  Lymphangioi'tie,  My- 
drangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lymphati'tis,  Injlammaf- 
tio  vaso'rvm  lymphatieo'rum,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel/  \evK0i,  'white/  and  itis,  inflammation. 
(F.)  Inflammation  des  vaiseeaux  lymphatiquee  on 
dee  tissue  blance.  Inflammation  of  the  lympha- 
tics :  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog"iaf 
from  ayyuov,  '  a  vessel/  and  Xoyog, '  a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  Phlcbol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohydrol'ogy, 

ANGElOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'eia  ;  from 
ayyuov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  uaXcucia,  '  softening.'  Mol- 
lesoence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  nematodes  fungus. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeum'- 
osus,  Angeionu'sus,  Angu/sis,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel/  and  vados,  '  a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

ANGEIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGEIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

ANGEIORRHAGIA,  Hs&morrhagia  activa. 

ANGEIORRHCB'A,    (F.)  Angeiorrkie;  from 


ANGEIOSIS 


75 


ANGINA 


myyttov,  'a  Teasel/  and  p«,  'I  flow.'    Passive 
hemorrhage. 

ANGEIOSIS,  Angiosis. 
ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGEI0STEN08IS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angiosto'sis,  from  ayy«<w, 
'a  vessel,'  and  orrfwrif,  'ossification.'    Ossifica- 
tion of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 

ANGEIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiofomy,  Angeiotom'ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,  and  rtuvciv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANGEI'TIS,  Angii'tis,  Angioi'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tio  vaso'rum,  (F.)  Angiite.  Inflammation  of  ves- 
sels in  general. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lucida. 

ANGEL'ICA,  Angel' tea  Archangel' ica  sen 
Hispa'na  seu  Sati'va,  Archangel' tea  officinalis, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angiligue,  Racine  de  Saint 
Esprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots, 
stalk,  leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carmi- 
native. A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which 
is  agreeable. 

Angelica  Archangelica,  Angelica. 

Angbl'ica  Atropurpu'rea,  Angelica  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Mastervoort.  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angelica  Levisticujt,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

Angelica  Lu'cida,  Angelic  root,  Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subacrid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic. 

Angelica  Officinalis,  Imperatoria — a.  Palu- 
Oapifolia,  Ligusticum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica, A.  sylvestris. 

Angelica  Sylves'tris,  A.  sati'va,  Selx'num 
Sylves'tri  sen  Angel' ica  seu  Pubescent,  Impera- 
to'rxa  Sylves'tres  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angelica, 
(F.)  AngUique  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to*  destroy  lice. 

Angelica  Sylyzbtris,  Ligusticum  podagraria 
—a.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELTN.fi  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANG&LIQUE,  Angelica— a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanus. 

ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis, 

ANGIDIECTASIA,  Trichangiectasia. 

ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Hsematodes  iungus. 

ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix 

ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  Angccta'sia, 
Angieurys'ma,  Angeiecto'ma,  from  ayytiw,  'a 
vessel,'  and  txrwif,  '  dilatation.'  Any  dilatation 
of  vessels. — GrUfe  and  Alibert     Telangiectasia. 

ANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Angemphrax'i*,  Angei- 
osteno'sis,  Angeiostegno'sis,  from  ayytiov,  'a  ves- 
sel/ and  tpfpal-ts,  *  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
vessels. 

ANGIEURTSHA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 

ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGFNA,  Febris  Angino'sa,  Isihmi'tis,  Quin- 
sy or  Sore  Throat;  from  angere,  'to  suffocate.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  whioh  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  such 


affection  was  above  the  stomach  and  lungs.-* 
Boerhaave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
whioh  is  nothing  more  than  the  dysphagia  or  , 
difficult  deglutition  preceding  death.    Bee  Cy- 
nanche. 

Angina  Apethosa,  Aphtha — a.  Aquosa,  (Ede- 
ma of  the  glottis — a.  Bronchialis,  Bronchitis — a. 
Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Cordis,  Angina 
pectoris — a.  cum  Tumore,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemics,  Cynanche  maligna  —  a.  Epiglot- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a.  Erysipelatosa,  Erythranohe 
a.  Exudatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
Cynanche  parotidjea — a.  Faucium,  Isthmitis — a. 
Faucium  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Folli- 
culosa  of  the  pharynx,  Pharyngitis,  follicular — a. 
Gangrenosa,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Humida, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Inflammatoria,  Cynan- 
che, Cynanche  trachealis— 'a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis —  a.  Laryngea  (Edematosa,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis — a.  Linguaria,  Glossitis — a.  Maligna,  An- 
gina pellioularis,  Cynanche  maligna,  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  parotidsa 
—  a.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Angi'na  Naba'lis,  Nasiftis  posti'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Schnei- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.    Also,  Coryza. 

Angi'na  (Edehato'sa,  (F.)  Angine  cedima- 
teuse,  CEdeme  de  la  Glotte.  An  oedematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis ;  the  effect  of  chronic  cynanche 
laryngea.    See  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palattna,  Hyperoitis — a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia-^a.  Parotidssa  Externa,  Cynan- 
che parotidsea. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A.  cordis,  SternaVaia, 
Asthma  spas'tico-arthrit'icum  incon'etans,  Asthma 
diaphragmat'icum,  Arthri'tis  diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnea  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn'ia  syncop'tica 
et  paVpitans,  S.  syncopa'lis,  Cardiog'mus  cordis 
sinis'tri,  Astheni'a  jpectora'lis,  Angor  pec'toris, 
Stenocardia,  Diaphragmatic  gout.  Asthma  con- 
mUsi'vum,  Ajsthma  arthrit'icum,  Oardioneural'gia, 
Nearul'gia  brachiothorac,,ica,  Hyper  asthe'sia 
plexus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolorif'icum,  Syn'coja  angi- 
no'sa  seu  angene,  Cardiod'yni  spasmod'iea  inter- 
mittens, Pnigopho'bia,  PruneVla,  Suspir'ium 
cardi'aeum,  Pneumonal'gia,  SujfTocative  Breast- 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Nivrose  du  Oceur. 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are,  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms;  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
oondition  of  the  heart.  It  appears  to  be  neuropa- 
thic, and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  the  Heart, 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  more 
in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re- 
quired during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicula'ris,  A.  maligna,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat,  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out,  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Aphtha, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
nifonn  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angina  Perniciosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic— a.  Poly- 
posa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Polyposa  seu  mem- 
branacea, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Pseudo-mem« 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic— a.  Pulposa, 


ANEURISMA 


U 


ANGEIORRH<EA 


rior  of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
oombated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  lamina  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'chi,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  Anivrysmes  du  cceur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
eommonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart,  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  uneurism,  Oardiec' tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  ausoultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightly  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The 
impulse  is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  are 
widely  transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not 
much  fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of 
origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  heart — Cardi- 
ec'tasis  partialis,  AneurySma  consecuti'vum  cor- 
dis, is  sometimes  seen, — rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  bt  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor — a.  Ex- 
ternal, see  Aneurism — a,  False,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism — a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
—a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism— a.  Mixed,  external,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism — a. 
Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISMA,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurysmal,  Aneurismafic, 
Aneurysmal' icus,  Aneurisma'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sao  or  Cyst,  (F.)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
cmivrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  if  con- 
tained. 

ANEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURY8MA,  Aneurism— a.  Cordis  aetlvum, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the — a.  Herniam  arterise 
listens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
—a.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Venoso-arte- 
riosum,  see  Aneurism — a,  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEUR  Y8ME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

AN&VRYSME,  Aneurism  — a.  de  VAorte, 
Aorteurysma — a,  Oirconscrit,  see  Aneurism — a. 
de  Pott,  see  Aneurism— «.  des  Plus  petites  arUres, 


see  Aneurism — a.  Diffus,  see  Aneurism — a.  En- 
kystS,  see  Aneurism — a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Faux  consicutif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixte,  see 
Aneurism — a.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism — a. 
par  Epanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Erosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
a.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Sactiforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Frat, 
see  Aneurism. 
ANFION,  Maslach. 

anfractuositjSs  c£r£brales,  An- 

fractuosities,  cerebral — a.  Ethmoidales,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUdS'ITY,  Anfrae'tus,  Gyrus,  from 
am,  'around/  and  frangere,  fractum,  'to  break/ 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.    These 

Anfractuositieb,  Cerebral,  Anfrae'tus  Cer'- 
ebri,  Oyri  Cerebri,  Intestin'ula  Cer'ebri,  (F.) 
Anfraetuositis  Ciribrales,  are  always  narrow,  and 
deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the  brain  than  at 
its  base ;  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fractuositis  ethmoidales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities  (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angieetasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiography,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayyuov,  '  a  vessel/  and  ypafn,  '  a 
description/    The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog' - 
raphy,  Angeiondrog'raphy,  Angeiohydrogra'phia, 
ffydrangiograph'ia,irom  ayyuov,  'a  vessel/  't><?wp, 
'water/  and  yoaem,  'I  describe/  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrofomy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydran- 
giotom'ia,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel/  'vfep,  'water/ 
and  rtfiuv, '  to  cut.'    Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Angioleud'tis,  Lym- 
phangei'tis,  Lymphangi'tis,  Lymphangioi'tie,  Hy- 
drangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lymphati'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tio  vaso'rum  lymphatico'rum,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel/  Xcvffof,  'white/  and  itis,  inflammation. 
(F.)  Inflammation  des  vaisseaux  lymphatiques  on 
des  tissue  blancs.  Inflammation  of  the  lympha- 
tics :  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angciolog"ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel/  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  ArterioVogy,  Phlebol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohydrol'ogy. 

ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia ;  from 
ayyuov,  '  a  vessel/  and  uaXatia,  '  softening/  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  Hsomatodes  fungus. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

AHGEIONDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeion'- 
osus,  Angeionu'sus,  Angio'sie,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel/  and  vadot,  '  a  disease/    Disease  of  the 

VAflfiAjfi 

ANGEIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 
ANGEIOPYRA,  Synocha. 
ANGEIORRHAGIA,  Hamorrhagia  activa. 
ANGEIORRHCB'A,   (F.)  Angeiorrkie;  from 


ANGEI0SI8 


r« 


ANGINA 


eyytior,  'a  vessel/  and  *•»,  'I  flow.'    Passive 

hemorrhage. 
ANGEIOSIS,  Angiosis. 
ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGEIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGEI0STE0'SI8,  Angioeto'eie,  from  ayyuov, 
'%  vessel/  and  oerntmt,  ' ossification.'  Ossifica- 
tion of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 

ANGEIOTELBCTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiotomy,  Angeiotom'ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel/  and  rtpvuv,  'to  out' 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANGEPTIS,  Angiitis,  Angioi'tie,  Injlamma'- 
tio  vaso'rum,  (V.)  AngHte.  Inflammation  of  ves- 
sels in  general. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lucida, 

ANGEL'ICA,  Angelica  ArchangeVica  seu 
Hitpa'na  sea  Sati'va,  Archangel' tea  ojjtcina'lis, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angilique,  Racine  de  Saint 
Esprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Nat,  Ord.  UmbellifersB.  Sex.  Sytt.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia,  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots, 
stalk,  leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carmi- 
native. A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  rooty  which 
is  agreeable. 

Angelica  Abchangelica,  Angelica. 

Angel'ica  Atropttrpu'rea,  Angelica  (Ph. 
IT.  6.)  MattenoorL  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angelica  Levisticujc,  Lignsticum  levisticum. 

Angelica  Lu'cida,  Angelic  root,  Bellyache 
toot,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subacrid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic. 

Angelica  Officinalis,  Impcratoria — a.  Palu- 
dapifolia,  Lignsticum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica, A.  sylvestris. 

Angelica  Stlves'tris,  A.  sati'va,  Seli'nwm 
Sy  Ires' tre  seu  Angel' ica  seu  Pubet'cene,  Impera- 
to'ria  Sylvesftree  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angelica, 
(F.)  Angfliqne  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to  destroy  lice. 

Angelica  Stlvebtris,  Lignsticum  podagraria 
—a.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELFN.fi  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic 

ANGILIQUE,  Angelica— a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanus. 

ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIDIECTASIA,  Trichangiectasia. 

ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Haematodes  fungus. 

ANGIECTA8IA  VENOSA,  Varix 

ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  Angecta'sia, 
Angieurys'ma,  Angeiecto'tna,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel/  and  vcravn,  'dilatation.'  Any  dilatation 
of  vessels. — Gr'afe  and  Alibert     Telangiectasia, 

ANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Angemphrax'is,  Angei- 
osteno'sis,  Angeiostegno'sis,  from  ayyuov,  '  a  ves- 
sel/ and  tft<pp*i-i(,  *  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
vessels. 

ANGIEURTSMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIITE,  Inflammation.  Angeitis. 

ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Febrie  Angino'ea,  Itthmi'tis,  Quin- 
sy or  Sore  Throat;  from  angere,  'to  suffocate.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  whioh  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  such 


affection  was  above  the  stomach  and  lungs.—- 
Boerhaave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  the  dysphagia  or 
difficult  deglutition  preceding  death.  See  Cy- 
nanehe. 

Angina  Aphthosa,  Aphtha) — a.  Aquosa,  (Ede- 
ma of  the  glottis — a.  Bronchialis,  Bronchitis— a. 
Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Cordis,  Angina 
pectoris — a.  cum  Tumore,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemics,  Cynanche  maligna  —  a.  Epiglot- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a- Erysipelatosa,  Erythranche 
a.  Exudatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
Cynanche  parotidaea — a.  Faucium,  Isthmitis — a. 
Faucium  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligna — a,  Folli- 
culosa  of  the  pharynx,  Pharyngitis,  follicular — a. 
Gangrenosa,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Humida, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Inflammatoria,  Cynan- 
che, Cynanche  trachealis — -a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis —  a.  Laryngea  (Edematosa,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis — a.  Linguaria,  Glossitis — a.  Maligna,  An- 
gina pellicular^,  Cynanche  maligna,  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  parotidaea 
—  a.  Membranaeea,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  Nasi'ti*  posti'c*.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Schnei- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.    Also,  Coryza. 

Angi'na  (Edemato'sa,  CF.)  Angine  oedtma- 
teuse,  (Edhne  de  la  Qlotte*  An  oedematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis  ,*  the  effect  of  chronic  cynanche 
laryngea.     See  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperoitis — a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia-— a.  Parotid® a  Externa,  Cynan- 
che parotidaea. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A,  cordis,  Sternal' gia, 
Asthma  spas' tico-arthrit'icwn  incon'stans,  Asthma 
diaphragmat'icwn,  Arthritis  diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnea  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn'ia  syncop'tica 
et  pal'pitans,  S.  syncopa'lis,  Cardiog'mns  cordis 
sinis'tri,  Attheni'a  vector  a' lit,  Angor  pec'toris, 
Stenocardia,  Diaphragmatic  gout.  Asthma  con~ 
vulsi'vum,  Asthma  arthrWicvm,  Card  ioneural' gia, 
Nearul'gia  brachiothorac"ica,  Hyperesthesia 
plexus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolori/'icum,  Syn'copi  angi- 
no'sa  seu  angens,  Cardiod'yni  spasmod'ica  inter- 
mittent, Pnigopho'bia,  Prunella,  Suspirtum 
cardi'aeum,  PneumonaVgia,  Sufocative  BreaeU 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Nivrose  du  Cawr. 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are,  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms;  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart  It  appears  to  be  neuropa- 
thic, and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  the  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  more 
in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re- 
quired during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicula's^,  A.  malig'na,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out,  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Aphtha, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niform  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angina  Perntciosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic— a.  Poly- 
posa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Polyposa  seu  mem* 
branacea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Pseudo-mem- 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphthoritio— a.  Pulpost* 


ANG1NE  GUTTURALS 


76" 


Cynanohe  trachealis — a.  Banguinea,  Cjnanche 
tonsillaris. 

Angina  Sicca,  (F.)  Angine  tiehe,  is  a  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  distressing 
sense  of  dryness  and  heat,  in  chronio  diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  lungs.    See  Pssdanchone. 

Angina  Simplex,  Isthmitis. 

Angina  Squirro'sa,  (F.)  Angine  tquirreute, 
consists  in  difficulty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scirrhous  disorganization  of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus, ot  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angina  Strangulators,  Cynanche  trache- 
alis — a.  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Suf- 
focatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Synochalis, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoitis 
—a.  Tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Tra- 
chealis, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna — a.  Uvularis,  Staphyledema, 
Uvulitis — a.  Vera  et  Legitima,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris 

ANGINE  GUTTURALE,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris— a.  Laryngie,  Laryngitis — o.  Laryngtc  et 
trachiale,  Cynanche  trachealis — o.  Laryngie  cedi- 
matetue,  (Edema  of  the  glottis — a.  CEsophagicnne, 
GEsophagitis — a.  Pliaryngte,  Cynanohe  parotide 
—a.  de  Poitrine,  Angina  pectoris — o.  Sichef  An- 
gina sicca — a.  Simple,  Isthmitis — a.  Squirreute, 
Angina  Squirrosa — a.  TotmUaire,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINEUX,  Anginosa. 

A^TGINO'SAj  (F.)  Angineux.  That  which  is 
accompanied  with  angina;  as  Scarlatina  angi- 
no'sa. 

ANGIOCARDI'TIS,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  carditis,  *  inflammation  of  the  heart.'  In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 

ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angeiography. 

ANGIOHEMIE,  Hyperemia. 

ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGIOIIYDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

AKGIOITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

ANGIOLOGY,  Angeiology. 

ANGIOMALACIA,  Angeiomalacia. 

ANGIOMYCES,  Hssmatodcs  fungus. 

ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

ANGIO'SIS,  from  ayyttov,  'a  vessel.'  Angeio'- 
$i»,  Angciopathi'a.  Under  this  term  Alibert  in- 
cludes overy  disease  of  the  blood  vessels. 

ANGIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIOSTOSIS,  Angeiostosis. 

ANGIOSTROPHE,  See  Torsion. 

ANGIOTELECTA6IA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Angioten'icus 
sen  Angeioten'icut,  from  ayyuov,  '  a  vessel,'  and 
ruvuv,  *  to  extend.'  An  epithet  given  to  inflam- 
matory fever,  owing  to  its*  action  seeming  to  be 
chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

ANGIOTOMY,  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  An'gulu*,  from  aycvXa*  'a  hook.' 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  meet  in  a 
point 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
foreb»*d  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth — the  facial  line — and 
the  other  *rom  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to 
the  same  point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the 
size  of  the  angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appre- 
ciate the  respective  proportions  of  the  cranium 
and  lace,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of 


ANGULAR 

intelligence  of  individuals  and  of  animals.  la 
the  white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  it 
generally  80° ;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70°, 
and  sometimes  only  65°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and  leas; 
until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  disappears. 
Animals  which  have  the  snout  long,  and  facial 
angle  small,  such  as  the  snipe,  crane,  stork,  Ac, 
are  proverbially  foolish,  at  least  they  are  so 
esteemed;  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed  to  those 
in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  developed,  as 
the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these  last  animals, 
however,  the  large  facial  angle  is  caused  by  the 
size  of  the  frontal  sinuses : — so  that  this  mode  of 
appreciating  the  size  of  the  brain  is  very  inexact, 
and  cannot  be  depended  upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals : 

FACIAL  ANGLES. 

Man from  68°  to  88°  and  more. 

Sapajoa 65 

Orang-Utang 56  to  58 

Guenon 57 

Mandrill 30  to  43 

Coaii 38 

Pole-cat 31 

Pug-dog 35 

Mastiff 41 

Hare 30 

Ram 38 

Hone S3 

Angle,  Occipital,  of  Daubenton,  is  formed 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
foramen  magnum  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
orbit,  and  another  drawn  from  the  top  of  the 
head  to  the  space  between  the  occipital  condyles. 
In  man,  these  condyles,  as  well  as  the  foramen 
magnum,  are  bo  Bituate,  that  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicular to  them  would  be  a  continuation  of 
the  spine ;  but  in  animals  they  are  placed  more 
or  less  obliquely;  and  the  perpendicular  is  neces- 
sarily thrown  farther  forward,  and  the  angle  ren- 
dered more  acute. 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  optique,  is  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremities 
of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

ANGOISSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vermifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  Pratfoca'tio  Fau'cium  sou  Uteri' na 
sen  Matri'cit,  Strangula'tio  uteri' na,  Stiff  oca' tit: 
uteri' na  sen  hytter'ica,  Globus  hyeter'ictu,  Or- 
tkopna'a  hytter'ica,  Dytpha'gia  qlobo'$a,  D.  ajr«- 
ter'ica,  Nervout  Quiniy.  A  feeling  of  strangu- 
lation, with  dread  of  suffocation.  It  is  common 
in  hysterical  females,  and  is  accompanied  with  a 
sensation  as  if  a  ball  arose  from  the  abdomen *to 
the  throat, 

ANGOR,  Anguish,  (F.)  Angoi-e.  Extreme 
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  epigastrium,  and  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  an  unfavour- 
able symptom. 

Angor,  Agony,  Orthopnoea — a  Faucium,  Isth- 
mitis — a.  Pectoris,  Angina  pectoris. 

ANGOS,  Bubo,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

ANGOURION,  Cucumis  sativus. 

ANGUIS,  Serpent 

ANGUISH,  Angor. 

Anguish,  Febrile,  Angor  Febri'li*.  The  com- 
bination of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety,  and  weak- 
ness affecting  the  head  and  neck,  which  is  so  ge- 
nerally observed  at  the  commencement  of  fever. 

ANQULAIRE  DE  L'OMOPLATE,  Levator 
scapulas. 

AN'GULAR,  Angula'ris,  from  angulue,  'an 
ADg^/  (F.)  Angulaire.  That  which  relates  to 
an  angle. 

Angular  Artert  and  Vein.    A  name  given, 


ANGTOABIS 


W 


ANIMAL 


1.  to  the  termination  of  the  fecial  artery  and 
rein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye;  and,  2.  to  the  facial  artery  and  vein 
themselves,  because  they  pass  under  the  angle 
of  the  jaw.     See  Facial. 

Angular  Nsbvb  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Angular  Processes  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.    See  Orbitar. 

ANGULARIS,  Levator  scapula. 

ANQULI-SCAPULO-HUMjSRAL,  Teres 
major. 

ANGULUS  OCULARIS,  Canthos. 

ANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

ANGUSTATIO,  Arotatio— a.  Cordis,  Systole— 
a.  Intestini  recti  vel  ani,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

ANGUS'TIA,  Angusta'tio,  Stenocho'ria.  Anx- 
iety, narrowness,  strait,  constriction. 

Axggstia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim)  —  a. 
PerinsBaHs,  Pelvis,  (Outlet) 

ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  febrifnga— a.  False, 
Brucea  antidy&enterica,  and  Strychnos  nux  vo- 
mica—  a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and 
Strychnos. 

ANQUSTURE,  FATTSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
terica—  a.  Ferrugineuse,  Brucea  antidysenterica 
—a.  Vraie,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

ANH^MATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  AnsBmia. 

ANHJSMIA,  AnsBmia. 

ANHAPHIA,  Anaphia. 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  ankelo,  «I  pant'  An. 
hel'itus,  Aas'mus,  Panting,  Angulation,  (F.)  Es- 
eonfflemenU  Short  and  rapid  breathing.  See 
Dyspnoea. 

Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
mously with  asthma. 

ANHELITUS,  Breath. 

ANHIS'TOUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  'iotoc, 
4 organic  texture,'  ' Anorganic*  Amor'phus.  The 
tunica  decidua  uteri  is  termed  by  Velpeau  the 
anhistous  membrane, 

ANHUIBA,  Lauras  sassafras. 

ANHYDR^'MIA,  Anmmyd'ria,  from  ar,  pri- 
vative, vSvp, '  water/  and  'atpa, '  blood.'  A  con- 
dition of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a  diminution 
in  the  quantity  of  the  serum. 

ANICE'TON,  AnicStum,  Ifesia'mum,  from  a, 
privative,  and  mtn,  'victory,'  'invincible.'  A 
plaster  much  extolled  by  the  ancients  in  cases 
of  aohores.  It  was  formed  of  litharge,  oerusse, 
thus,  alum,  terpentine,  white  pepper,  and  oil. 

AN  I'D  E  US,  from  av,  privative,  and  ttios, 
'shape/  Amorphue.  A  monster  devoid  of  shape. 
—J.  G.  St  Hilaire. 

ANIDRO'SIS,  from  «,  privative,  and  'itp»c, 
'sweat'  Sudo'ris  nul'litas  vel  priva'tio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat  Deficiency  of  perspiration. — 
Hippocrates. 

ANILEMA,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILESIS,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILITAS,  see  Dementia. 

AN'IMA,  An'imus,  Men*,  Psych*.  The  mind, 
breath,  Ac,  from  avtpoc,  'wind  or  breath/  (F.) 
Ame.  The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and  moral 
manifestations.  Also,  the  principle  of  life : — the 
life  of  plants  being  termed  An'ima  vegetati'va, 
(F.)  Ante  vigitative  ;  that  of  man,  An'ima  sensi- 
H'va,  (F.)  Ame  sensitive. 

The  Anima  of  Stahl,  An'ima  Stahlia'na,  was  a 
fancied  intelligent  principle,  which  he  supposed 
to  preside  over  the  phenomena  of  life, — like  the 
Arckmus  of  Van  Helmont 

Under  the  term  Anima  mundi,  the  ancient  phi. 
losophers  meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which  they 
supposed  spread  over  every  part  of  the  uni- 


The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  the  brain  has 
given  rise  to  many  speculations.  The  point  Is 
unsettled. 

With  the  ancient  chemists,  Anima  meant  the 
active  principle  of  a  drug  separated  by  some 
chemical  management 

Anima  Alobs  :  see  Aloes,  Suceotorina — a.  Ar- 
ticulorum,  Uermodactylus — a.  Hepatis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas— a.  Pulmonum,  Crocus — a.  Rhei;  Infusum 
rhei — a.  Stahliana,  see  Anima — a.  Vogetativs* 
Plastic  force. 

AN'IMAL,  Zo'dn.  A  name  given  to  every  ani- 
mated being.  The  greater  part  of  animals  have 
the  power  of  locomotion j  some  can  merely  exo- 
oute  partial  movements,  such  as  contraction  and 
dilatation.  In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  difficulty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
characteristic.  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
Zofflogy. 

An'ixal,  (adjective,)  Anima' lit.  That  which 
concerns,  or  belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Animal  Heat,  Color  anima' lis,  C.  nati'ws, 
Cal'idum  anima' U,  C.  inna'tum,  Biolych'nion, 
Flam'mula  vita' lit,  Therma  em'phytvm,  Thermum 
em'phytum,  Ignis  anima' lis  seu  natura'lis  sen 
vita' If,  (F.)  Ckaleur  animate,  is  the  caloric  con- 
stantly formed  by  the  body  of  a  living  animal, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  preserves  nearly  the  same 
temperature,  whatever  may  be  that  of  the  me- 
dium in  which  it  is  placed.  This  formation 
seems  to  take  place  over  the  whole  of  the  hf>dy» 
and  to  be  connected  with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
oertain  animals;  that  of  man  being  98°  or  100°. 

Animals.  Temperatures. 

Arctic  Fox 107 

Arctic  Wolf i 

Squirrel | 

Hare j 

Whale | 

Arctomys  ciUllos,  axil  —  in  summer 

Do.  when  torpid, 

Goat 

Bat.  in  summer j 

Musk j 

Marmots  bobac,— Bobac, 

House  mouse, 

Arctomys  marmota,  marmot,— in  summer,. 

Do.  when  torpid 43 

Rabbit 100  to  104 

Polar  Bear, 100 

Dog I 

Cat 

Swine, V  100  to  103 

Sh^p,..................................! 

Guinea -pi^-"."  .'T  .".*."!  JT  IT  J."  TI T!  .".*.".'.".*.".".".  -  100  to  102 

Arctomys  glis, 99 

Shrew, 96 

Young  wolf, 95 

Fringilla  arctica,  Arctic  finch, f        m 

Rubecola,  redbreast \ 

Fringilla  linaria,  lesser  red  poll 110  or  11] 

Falco  palumbarius,  goshawk, 1 

Caprimulgus  Europeus,  European  feat-  V       100 

sucker, > 

Emberiza  nivalis,  enow-bunting 109  to  110 

Falco  lanartuf ,  tanner,. 

Fringilla  carduclis,  goldfinch* 

Corvus  corax,  raven* 

Turdus,  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,) 

Tetrao  perdix,  partridge, 

Anas  clypeaia,  shovelsr 

Tringa  pugnax,  ruffe* 

Scolopax,  Timosa,  lesser  gsdwit, 

Tetrao  tetrix,  grouse* 

Fringilla  brumalis,  wimtsrfituk* 

Loxfa  pyrrhula, 

Falco  nisus,  eparrowhawk* 

Vultur  barbatus, 

Anser  pulehricollis 

Colyrohus  auritus,  dusky  grabs* 

Tringa  vanellus,  lapwing,  wounded,. . 

Tetrao  lagopus,  ptarmigan, 

Fringilla  domestic*,  house  sparrow,. .......  107  to  Hi 


105 


103 

.    80  to  64 

103 

103 

.  10)  or  103 

101 
.  101  or  103 


109 


106 


107 


ANIMALCULA  6BMINALIA 


78 


ANKYLOSIS 


Anivkh*. 

fltrix  passer ina,  little  owl, 

Hamaiopas  ostralegus,  sea-pie,.. 

Anas  penelope,  widgeon, 

Anas  strepera,  gadtoali 

Pelecanus  carboH 

Falcn  ossiflragus,  sea-eagle* 

Fulica  atra,  coot, 

Anas  acuta,  pintail-duck, 

Falco  railvus,  kite,  (wounded,). ., 

Meropa  a  pi  aster,  bee-eater 

Goose, 

Hen,, 

Dove 

Duck, 

Ardea  stellaris, 

Falco  albicollis, 

Picus  major, 

Cossus  listiiperda, 

Shark 

Torpedo  marmorata^ , 


Temperature. 


106 


105 


104 


103  to  107 


103 
89  to  91 


74 

Animal  Kingdom,  (F.)  Eigne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

Animal  Layer,  see  Taehe  embryonnaire. 

Animal  Magnetism,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 
/  ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA,  Spermatozoa 

— a.  Spormatica,  Spermatozoa.  * 

ANIMAL'CULE,  Animal' culum  ,-  diminutive 
of  animal  A  small  animal.  An  animal  well 
seen  only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

ANIMALCULES,  SEMINAL,  Spermatozoa— 
a.  Spermatic,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMAL'CULIST,  An'imalist.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 

ANIMALCULUM,  Animalcule. 

ANIMALIST,  Animalculist. 

ANIMAL'ITY,  Animal'ita*.  Qualities  which 
distinguish  that  which  is  animated.  That  which 
constitutes  the  animal. 

ANIMALIZA'TION,  Animaliea'tw.  The 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food  into 
the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be  nourished. 

To  AN'IMATE,  Anima'ri.  To  unite  the  living 
principle  with  an  organized  body.  The  French 
use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  render  active; 
as,  animer  un  veeicatoire :  to  excite  a  blister  to 
suppurate. 

ANIMATIO  FCET0  S,  see  Quickening. 

ANIMATION,  Zo'6'eis,  Anima'tio,  from  anima, 
'the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating.  The 
state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 

AN'IMES,  Own  an'imB,  Amines' a,  Can' canty, 
Oummi  an'imB,  Can'camum.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hymen' aa  cour'bariL  It  has 
been  given  as  a  oephalio  and  uterine.  It  is  not 
used.    The  plant  is  also  called  Cour'bariL 

ANIMEj  (F.)  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
eountenance,  when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 

ANIMELLiB,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  SUBITUS,  Syncope— a,  De- 
liquium,  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 

AN'IMIST,  from  anima,  'the  soul/  One  who, 
following  the  example  of  Stahl,  refers  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  animal  economy  to  the  soul. 

The  soul,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  immediate 
and  intelligent  agent  of  every  movement,  and  of 
every  material  change  in  the  body.  Stahl  there- 
fore concluded,  that  disease  is  nothing  more 
than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in  the  government 
of  the  economy,  or  an  effort  by  which  the  soul, 
attentive  to  every  morbifio  cause,  endeavours  to 
expel  whatever  may  be  deranging  the  habitual 
order  of  health.    See  Stahlianism. 

ANIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 

ANISy  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Aigre,  Cuminum 
Cyminum — a.  de  la  Chine,  IUicium  anisatum — c* 
I*put.  Anethum — a.  Etoili,  IUicium  anisatum. 

ANISA'TUM,  from  AnUum,  'Anise.'    A  sort 


of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  honey, 
wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 

ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsL 

ANISCHURIA,  Enuresis. 

ANISE,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Star,  Illicium 
anisatum,  L  Floridanum — a.  Tree,  Florida,  Uli- 
oium  Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow-flowered,  Illi- 
cium anisatum. 

ANISEED,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANISI  SEMINA,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS,  Nican'dra  anom'- 
ala,  Phy'tali*  etramo'nium,  Whitle'ya  etramo'ni- 
folia  A  plant  of  Nepal,  possessed  of  narcotic 
properties,  and  resembling  belladonna  and  to- 
bacco. It  dilates  the  pupil,  and  is  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  like  belladonna.  It  is  given  in 
alcoholic  tincture  (dried  leave*  3y.  to  alcohol 
f  5  viy ).  Dose,  20  drops  internally  in  the  24  hours. 

ANISOPHYLLUM  IPECACUANHA,  Eu- 
phorbia Ipecacuanha. 

ANISOS'THENES,  Inaqua'li  rob'ori  pollen*. 
That  which  is  unequal  in  strength :  from  a,  priv., 
ttrof,  'equal/  and  eScvos,  'strength.'  An  epithet 
applied  particularly  to  the  muscular  contractility 
which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes  augmented  in 
certain  muscles  only, — in  the  flexors,  for  example. 

ANISOT'ACHYS,  from  a,  priv.,  icos,  '  equal/ 
and  raxys,  'quick.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse, 
when  quick  and  unequal — Gorrseus. 

ANISUM,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Africanum 
frutescens,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Fruticosum  gal- 
baniferum,  Bubon  galbanum — a.  Officinale,  Pim- 
pinella anisum — a.  Sinonee,  Illicium  anisatum  — 
a.  Stellatum,  Illicium  anisatum — a.  Vulgare, 
Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANKLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANKUS,  Ancus. 

ANKYLOBLEPHARON,  Ancylobleph'aron, 
Palpebra'rum  coal'itu*,  from  ayxv\ijt  'contrac- 
tion/ and  p\t<papov,  'eyelid.'  A  preternatural 
union  between  the  free  edges  of  the  eyelids. 
Likewise  called  Symbleph'aron,  Symblepharo1 'ti*p 
and  Pro*'phy*i*. 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Ae'tius. 

ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  myicvlot,  'crooked/ 
and  o&ovs,  '  a  tooth.'  An  irregular  position  of  the 
teeth  in  the  jaws. 

ANKYLOGLOS'SIA,  Ancy logic*' *ia,  Ooncre'- 
tio  lingua,  from  ayxvXof,  'crooked/  or  'con- 
tracted/ and  yXwcea,  'the  tongue.'  Impeded  mo- 
tion of  the  tongue  in  consequence  of  adhesion 
between  its  margins  and  the  gums ;  or  in  conse- 
quenoe  of  the  shortness  of  the  frcenum :  the  latter 
affection  constituting  Tongue-tie,  Olopho'nia  lin'- 
guafrana'ta.  It  merely  requires  the  framum  to 
be  divided  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 

ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM,  from  ankyloglo*- 
*ia, '  tongue-tie,'  and  ro/t ?,  '  incision.'  An  instru- 
ment used  in  the  operation  for  tongue-tie. 

ANKYLOME'LE,  Ancylome'le,  from  ayrvAof, 
'  crooked/  and  /117A17,  '  a  probe.'  A  curved  probe. 
—Galen. 

ANKYLOMERIS'MUS,  Ancylomerit'mu*, 
from  ayruXij,  '  a  contraction,  and  ptpos,  *  a  part.* 
Morbid  adhesion  between  parts. 

ANKYLOPS,  iEgilops. 

ANKYLOSIS,  Ancylo'n*,  Anchylo'eie,  An'- 
cyli,  Stiff  Joint,  from  aycvAot,  'crooked.'  An 
affection,  in  which  there  is  great  difficulty  or 
even  impossibility  of  moving  a  diarthrodial  arti- 
culation. It  is  so  called,  because  the  limb  com- 
monly remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion. 
Anchylosis  is  said  to  be  complete  or  true,  when 
there  is  an  intimate  adhesion  between  the  syno- 
vial (ratfaces,  with  union  of  the  articular  extremi- 
ties of  the  bones.  In  the  incomplete  or  false  an- 
chylosis, there  is  obscure  motion,  but  the  fibrous 


ANKLOTOMUS 


W 


ANOMALIA 


parti  around  the  joint  are  more  or  lest  stiff  and 
thickened.  In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state, 
the  joint  most  be  gently  and  gradually  exercised; 
and  oily,  relaxing  applications  be  assiduously  em- 
ployed. 

Asktlosis  Spuria,  Rigiditas  articulorum. 

ANKYLOT'OMUS,  Aneylofomus,  from  aynXot, 
'crooked/  and  rturaty,  'to  cut'  Any  kind  of 
curved  knife. — Paalns.  An  instrument  for  di- 
viding the  fraenum  linguae. — Scultetns. 

ANNE  A  U,  Ring—a.  Crural,  Crural  canal — a. 
Diaphragmatique,  Diaphragmatic  ring — a.  FSmo- 
raly  Crural  canal — a.  Inguinal,  Inguinal  ring— a. 
Ombilical,  Umbilical  ring.  < 

ANNEXEf  Accessory,  Appendix. 

ANNI  CRITICI,  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  De- 
cretorii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Fatales,  Climac- 
terici (anni) — a.  Genethliaci,  Climacterici  (anni) 
a.  Gradarii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Hebdomadici, 
Climacterici  (anni)  —  a.  Heroici,  Climacterici 
(anni) — a.  Natalitii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Sca- 
lares,  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  Scansiles,  Climacte- 
rici (anni). 

ANXOTA'TIO,  Epismafsia.  Under  this  term 
some  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  attack  of 
intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretching,  som- 
nolency, chilliness,  Ac. 

ANNOTTO,  see  Terra  Orleans. 

AN'NUAL  DISEASES,  Morbi  an'nm,  M.  an- 
niversa'rii,  (F.)  Maladies  annuelles.  A  name 
given,  by  some,  to  diseases  which  recur  every 
year  about  the  same  period.  Febris  annua,  (F.) 
Fi&vre  annucllc,  is  a  term  used  for  a  fancied  in- 
termittent of  this  type. 

ANNUENS,  Rectus  capitis  interims  minor. 

ANNUIT"IO,  Nodding,  from  ad,  'to/  and 
nutus,  'a  nod/  A  gesture  denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.  Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  sitting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lost,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 

AN'NULAR,  AnnuWris,  OricoVdes,  (annus, 
'a  circle/)  Any  thing  relating  to  a  ring,  or 
which  has  the  shape  or  fulfils  the  functions  of  a 
ring ;  from  annulus,  '  a  ring/  itself. 

Ax.hular  Finger,  Ring  Finger,  Dig"itu§  an- 
nularis, Param'esos.  The  fourth  finger,  so  called 
from  the  wedding  ring  being  worn  thereon. 

Annular  Ganglion,  see  Ciliary  ligament. 

Annular  Lig'ament,  Transverse  ligament, 
Cru'cial  ligament.  A  strong  ligamentous  band, 
which  arches  across  the  area  of  the  ring  of  the 
atlas,  from  a  rough  tubercle  upon  the  inner  sur- 
face of  one  articular  process,  to  a  similar  tubercle 
on  the  other.  It  serves  to  retain  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis  in  connexion  with  the  ante- 
rior arch  of  the  atlas. 

An'nular  Lig'axent  of  the  Ra'dius,  is  a  very 
strong  fibro-cartilaginous  band,  which  forms,  with 
the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  cubitus,  a  kind 
of  ring,  in  which  the  head  of  the  radius  turns 
with  facility. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  of  tot  Carpus,  Ar- 
mil'la  nanus  membrano'ea,  are  two  in  number. 

The  one,  anterior,  is  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadri- 
lateral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scapholdes;  and  internally 
to  the  os  pisiforme  and  process  of  the  unciforme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  Ac,  applied  against  the  carpus. 

The  posterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 
of  the  hand.  Its  fibres  are  white  and  shining, 
and  are  attached,  externally!  to  the  inferior  and 


outer  part  of  the  radius;  internally  to  the  ulna 
and  os  pisiforme, 

An'nular  Lig'aitents  of  the  Tarsus  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep.  It  is  at- 
tached to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  to  the  malleolus  internus.  It  embraces  the 
tendons  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  toes,  the 
tibialis  antieus,  and  peroneus  anticus.  The  inter- 
nal is  broader  than  the  last.  It  descends  from 
the  malleolus  internus  to  the  posterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  os  calcis,  with  which  it  forms  a  kind 
of  canal,  enclosing  the  sheaths  of  the  tendons  of 
the  tibialis  poeticuso  flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis, 
and  F.  longus  pollicis  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Annular  Vein,  Vena  annula'rit,  Is  situate 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Ae'tius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases  of 
the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Criooid:  see  Digitus— a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

ANNULI  CARTILAGINEI,  see  Trachea-*. 
Cartilaginosi  Tracheae,  see  Trachea. 

ANNULI-  TENDIN0-PHALANGIEN8, 
Lombricales  manus. 

ANNULUS,  Dactylius,  Vulva— a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — a.  Albidns,  see  Ciliary  (body) — 
a.  Cellulosus,  Ciliary  ligament — a.  CUiaris,  Cili- 
ary ligament — a.  Fossae  ovalis :  see  Ovalis  fossa 
—a.  Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (body) — a.  Repens, 
Herpes  circinatus — a.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  ring 
— a.  Ventriculi,  Pylorus — a.  Vieussenii,  see  Ova- 
lis fossa. 

ANO,  arm.    A  prefix  denoting  '  above,  up/ 

ANOCHI'LUS,  from  am,  'above/  and  x«**» 
'  lip/  The  upper  lip.  Also,  one  who  has  a  large 
upper  lip. 

ANOCCELIA,  Stomach. 

ANO'DIA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ubn,  'song/ 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 

ANOD'IC,  Anod'icus,  from  avw,  'above,  up/ 
and  *soof,  '  a  way/  Tending  upwards.  An  epi- 
thet applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  an  ascend- 
ing course  of  nervous  action. 

ANODIN,  Anodyne. 

ANODIN'IA,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  «£<«, 
'  a  labour  pain/    Absence  of  labour  pains. 

ANODMIA,  Anosmia. 

ANODUS,  Edentulus. 

AN'ODYNE,  Anod'ynus,  Antod'unus,  Antid*. 
ynous  (improperly,)  Paregor*icus,  Aneticus,  Ant* 
al'gicus,  Acetod'ynet,  (F.)  Anodin  ou  Anodyn, 
from  a,  av,  privative,  and  oivvv,  '  pain/  Anodynes 
are  those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause 
it  to  cease ;  as  opium,  belladonna,  Ac.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibility  of  the  encephalon,  so 
that  it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 

ANODYN'IA,  Indolen'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  a 
genus  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symptoms; 
as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

ANODYNUM  MINE  RALE,  Potassss  ultras 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus.    ' 

ANGS'A,  Anoia,  from  a,  privative,  and  voot, 
'mind/  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia  and 
Idiotism. 

ANOESIA,  Dementia. 

Anoesia  Ad8tricta,  Melancholy. 

ANOIA,  Anosa. 

ANOMAL,  Anomalous. 

ANOMALES,  Anomalous. 

ANOMA'LIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  ouaXot, 
'regular/  Abnor'mitas,  Aliena'tio.  Anomaly, 
abnormity,  irregularity.  In  Pathology,  anomaly 
means  something  unusual  in  the  symptoms  pro- 
per to  a  disease,  or  in  the  morbid  appeaieocefl 
presented  by  it 


ANOXALOTROPHIES 


80 


ANTEREISIS 


Akohalia  Nervorum,  Nervous  diathesis. 

ANOMALOTROPH1ES,  from  av,  privatire, 
9/mmXos,  'regular/  and  rpwpn,  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alut,  Anom'alet /  the 
same  etymon.  Irregular;  contrary  to  rule.  (F.) 
AnomaL  '  In  Medicine,  a  disease  is  called  ano- 
malout,  in  whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is 
something  unusual.  Affections  are  also  called 
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  any 
known  species. 

ANOMALOUS,  Irregular. 

ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmia. 

ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv.,  poftos, 
'rule/  and  Kc<pa\rj,  'head/  One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geoffroi  Saint-Hilaire. 

ANOM'PHALUS,  from  av,  priy.,  and  oufaXot, 
*  the  navel/  One  devoid  of  navel.  Many  writers 
have  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam  and  Eve 
must  have  been  avopfaXot,  as  they  could  not  have 
had  umbilical  vessels. 

ANO'NA  TRIPET'ALA.  A  tree  of  the  family 
Anonese  or  Anonaces;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria 
polygynia,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  high,  na- 
tive of  South  America,  which  bears  a  delicious 
fruit  called  Ghirimoya.  Both  the  fruit  and  flowers 
emit  a  fine  fragrance,  which,  when  the  tree  is 
oovered  with  blossom,  is  almost  overpowering— 
Tschudi. 

ANONIS,  Ononis. 

ANONYME,  Innominatum. 

ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymut,  Innomina'tut,  (F.) 
Anonymt,  from  av,  privative,  and  ovopa,  'name/ 
That  which  has  no  name. 

The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body :  —  to  the  Anonymous  bone  or  Ot  inno- 
minatum:—  the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Foramen 
innominatum,  Ac. 

ANOPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOPHTHAL'MUS,  Anom'matia,  from  «v, 
privative,  and  o^0aA/io?/  'an  eye/  A  monster 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPS'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  «\1/,  'the  eye/ 
A  case  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and  orbit 
are  wanting. 

ANOPTICONERVIE,  Amaurosis. 

ANOR'CHIDES,  from  av,  priv.,  and  op***  'a 
testicle/  They  who  are  without  testicles. — For- 
tunatus  Fidelia. 

ANOREX'IA,  from  av>  priv.,  and  opt£is,  '  ap- 
petite. Inappeten'tia,  Limo'tit  expert,  (F.)  Perte 
dtappetiu  Absence  of  appetite,  without  loathing. 
Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symptomatic  of 
most  diseases.    Also,  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia. 

Anorexia  Exhavsto'ruit,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Mirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC,  see  Anhistous,  and  Inorganic. 

ANORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ANOS'IA,  from  a,  pri7.,  and  vovos,  'disease/ 
Health.    Freedom  from  disease. 

A  N  0  S '  M I  A,  from  a,  privative,  and  ae/in, 
odour/  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the  sense 
of  smell.  Called,  also,  Anotphre'tia,  Anotphra'- 
tia,  Anophre'tia,  Parosmia,  Anod'mia,  Anoemo'- 
sia,  Olfactfa  amit*tio,  0.  defie"ient}  Dytcotthe'tia 
nlfacto'ria,  Ametthe'tia  olfacto'ria,  Odora'tut  de- 
per'dihtt,  (F.)  Perte  de  VOdorat. 

ANOSMOSIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOSPIIRASIA,  Anosmi*. 

ANOSPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANSE  (F.,)  Anta  (L.,)  signmes,  properly,  the 
Handle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an  arched 
form.  By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
whioh  is  curved  in  the  form  of  such  handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  of  Ante  intettinale  to 
signify  a  portion  of  intestine,  supported  by  its 


mesentery,  and  describing  a  curved  line:— ajfe> 
of  Ante  nerveute,  Anee  anattomotique,  Ac. 

Ante  de  fil  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Ante, 

ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ANSERINE,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — a. 
Anthelmintique,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum— 
a.  Bon  Henri,  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus— ■ a. 
Botryt,  Chenopodium  Botrys — a.  FStide,  Cheno- 
podium vulvaria — a.  Vermifuge,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. 

ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids,  Antiac"ida,  Inver- 
ten'tiat  from  anti,  '  against,'  and  acida,  '  acids/ 
Remedies  which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  agents,  and  act  by  neutralizing 
the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammonia,  calcis 
carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesias  carbonas, 
potassa,  potass©  bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas,  sodss 
bicarbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They  are,  of  course, 
only  palliatives,  removing  that  which  exists,  not 
preventing  the  formation  of  more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonism**,  AntWtaeis, 
from  avrt,  '  against/  and  aywvifrtv,  '  to  act*  Ac- 
tion in  an  opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the 
action  of  muscles  that  act  in  a  contrary  direc- 
tion to  others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  the 
musoles,  this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAGONIST,  Antagonis'ta,  A  muscle 
whose  action  produoes  an  effect  contrary  to  that 
of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its  anta- 
gonist, because  there  is  no  motion  in  one  direc- 
tion without  a  capability  of  it  in  another. 

ANTALGICUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC,  Antaphrodific,  Anta* 
phrodisiacus,  Anapkrodisiacut,  Anapkrodisiae, 
Anterot'icut,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  a<pDoiioiaKo$, 
'  aphrodisiac/  A  substance  capable  or  blunting 
the  venereal  appetite. 

ANTAPHRODITIC,  Antaphrodisiae. 

ANTAPOD'OSIS,  from  avrairoiiiupi,  'I  return 
in  exchange/  The  succession  and  return  of  the 
febrile  periods. — Hippocrates. 

ANTAPOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic 

ANTARTHRITIC,  Antiarthritic. 

ANTASTHENICUS,  Tonic. 

ANTASTHMATICUS,  Antiasthmatic 

ANTATROPH'IC,  Autotroph' tout,  Antatro- 
phut,  Antiatroph'icut,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
oTpo^to,  '  atrophy/  A  remedy  opposed  to  atro- 
phy or  consumption. 

ANTEBRACHIAL,  see  Antibrachial. 

ANTECENDEN'TIA.  The  J>reeursory  or 
warning  symptoms  of  a  disease. 

ANTELA'BIA,  Prochei'la,  from  ante,  'before/ 
and  labia,  '  the  lips/    The  extremity  of  the  lips. 

ANTELOPE,  Antilopus. 

ANTEMBALLOMENUM,  Snocedaneum. 

ANTEM'BASIS,  from  avn,  and  q<0aiv»,  'I 
enter/  Mu'tuut  ingret'tut.  The  mutual  recep- 
tion of  bones. — Galen. 

ANTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 

ANTENDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENDIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENEAS'MUS,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and 
vcav,  'audacious/  One  furious  against  himself, 
Mania,  in  which  the  patient  attempts  his  own 
life. — Zacchias. 

ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA,  Qnapha'lium  2N- 
oi'cum,  Hispid'ula,  Pet  cati,  Eliehry'tum  monta'- 
num,  Dioecious  Everlatt'ing,  Cattfoot,  (F.)  Pied 
de  chat.  A  common  European  plant,  which  has 
been  advised  in  hemorrhage,  diarrhoea,  Ac, 

ANTEPHIALTIC,  Antiephialtio. 

ANTEPILEPTIC,  Antiepileptie. 

ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating. 

ANTEREI'SIS,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  spa. 
&*,  '  I  support'  The  resistance-— the  solidity— 
of  bones. — Hippocrates. 


ANT&RIBUR  M7  MARTEAU 


SI 


ANTHEAKOKALI 


ANT£rIBUR  DU  MARTEAU,  Laxator 
tympanl— a.  de  V Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 

ANTE'RIOR,  Ant? eu«,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confasion  has  prevailed 
with  anatomists  in  the  use  of  the  terms  be/ore, 
behind,  Ac  Generally,  the  word  anterior  is  ap- 
plied to  parts  situate  before  the  median  line,  the 
body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with  the  face 
and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards;  and 
the  feet  applied  longitudinally  together. 

Axte'riob  Au'ris  (Mueclc,)  Auricula' rie  ante*' 
ridr,  At'trahetu  auric' ulam  (F.)  Auricula  ire  ant4- 
rieur,  AntS  rieur  de  VoreUU,  Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A  small  muscle,  passing  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  zygoma  to  the  helix.  Uee,  to  draw  the  ear 
forwards  and  upwards. 

Anterior  Mallei,  Laxator  tympanJL 

ANTEROTICUS,  Antaphrodisiae. 

ANTEUPHORBIUM,  Cacalia  antouphorbium. 

ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'eio,  Antrove^io, 
from  ante,  '  before,'  and  vertere,  vertum,  '  to  turn.' 
Displacement  of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus 
is  turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.  It  may  be  caused  by  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the  viscera 
on  tho  uterus,  Ac ;  and  is  rooognised  by  exami- 
nation per  vaginam.    See  Retroversio  uteri. 

ANTH^BMOPTYiOUS,  AnUkamoptylcu*, 
from  am,  'against/  and  hemoptyrie,  'spitting 
of  blood.'  Against  spitting  of  blood.  A  remedy 
for  spitting  of  blood — antikemoptylcum  (rente- 
dium.) 

ANTHJBMORRHAGICUS,  Antihemorrhagio. 

ANTHECTICUS,  Antihectic 

ANTHELIT'RAGUS,  (P.)  Anthtlitragien. 
One  of  the  proper  muscles  of  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear. 

ANT'HELIX,  Anti-helix,  from  cyn,  'before,' 
and  *cXi(,  '  the  helix.'  An  eminence  on  the  car- 
tilage of  the  ear,  in  front  of  the  helix,  and  ex- 
tending from  the  concha  to  the  groove  of  the 
helix,  where  it  bifurcates. 

ANTHELMINTIC,  AntOelmin'ticiu,  Ami. 
ecol'icue,  Anthelmin'thicua,  Antiecolet?  icue,  Hel- 
min'tkictu,  Helminthago'gue,  Antivermino'eue, 
Vermif'ugtt*,  Vermifuge,  from  am,  'against,' 
and  'cAfur*,  'a  worm.'  A  remedy  which  de- 
stroys or  expels  worms,  or  prevents  their  for- 
mation and  development  The  ohicf  anthel- 
mintics are,  Chenopodium,  Muou'na,  Oleum  ani- 
mate Dippelii,  Oleum  Terebinthinsa,  Sodii  Chlo- 
ridum,  Spigelia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.    See  Worms. 

ANTHEMA  ERUPTIO,  Exanthem. 

AN'THEMIS  COT' ULA, from avi?c«,  'Iflower.' 
A.foct'ida,  Oot'ula,  C.  fce'tida,  Goto,  Cynan'the- 
mb,  Ghameme'lum  foe'tidum,  An'themie  Nove- 
boraeen'tie,  GhamomU'la  apu'ria  sen  fce'tida,  May- 
flower, Mayweed,  Stinking  Chamomile,  Wxld 
Oham'omile,  Dog's  fennel,  Billy,  DiUoeed,  Field- 
wed,  Pieeweed.  Nat.  Ord,  Composites  Corym- 
bifene.  Sex.  Syet.  Syngenesia  Superflua.  (F.) 
Maroutef  Qamomille  /Hide,  Camomille  puante. 
This  plant  has  a  very  disagreeable  smell :  and 
the  leaves  have  a  strong,  acrid,  bitterish  taste. 
It  is  reputed  to  have  been  useful  in  hysterical 
affections. 
Anthbmis  Fobttda,  A.  cotula. 
An'themis  No'belis,  A.  odora'ta,  Ohamame'- 
lum,  Ohamemce'lum  No' bill,  OhamomiVla  Roma'- 
na,  Euan'themon,  An'themie,  Chamame'lum  odo- 
ra'tum,  Leuean'themum,  Matriea'riat  (F.)  Oamo- 
miile  Romaine,  The  leaves  and  flowers — Anthe- 
wde,  Ph.  U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and  bitter, 
nauseous  taste.  The  flowers  are  chiefly  used. 
They  possess  tonic  and  stomachic  properties,  and 
are  much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap  bitter. 
A  simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or  to  assist 
6 


vomiting.    Externally,  they  are  often  used  la 
fomentations. 

The  0*leum  Anthem' idi*  possesses  the  aromatla 
properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter  aad 
tonic  Consequently,  the  '  Chamomile  Drop*,'  as 
sold  by  the  druggists,  must  be  devoid  of  the  lat- 
ter qualities.  They  are  made  by  adding  OL 
anthem,  f  Jj.  to  Sp.  vini  recti/.  Oj. 

Ahtbemis  Noveboracexbib,  A.  Cotula. 

Anthem  is  Odorata,  A.  cotula. 

Ah'themis  Py'rethrujc,  Py'rethrum,  Anaeye*- 
lue  pyrethrum,  Pyrethrum  verum,  Buphthal'mum 
Cre'tieum,  Denta'ria,  Herba  eaiiva'rie,  Pet  Alex- 
andri'nue,  Spanieh  Chamomile,  Pellitory  of  Spain. 
(F.)  Pyrithre,  Racine  ealivaire,  Pied  a" Alexan- 
dre. The  root  is  hot  and  acrid,  its  acrimony  re- 
siding in  a  resinous  principle.  It  is  never  used 
exeept  as  a  masticatory  in  toothache,  rheusaatism 
of  the  face,  paralysis  of  the  tongue,  Ac*  It  aets 
as  a  powerful  sialogogue. 

The  Pellitory  of  tho  shops  in  Germany  Is  said 
to  be  derived  from  Anacyc'lue  offUi na'rum ;  a 
plant  cultivated  In  Thuringia  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

Ah'themis  Tincto'ria,  BuphthaVmi  Berba, 
Dyer* 9  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a  bitter 
and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  regarded  sto- 
machic and  vulnerary.  (F.)  CamomiUe  de*  Tein- 
turiere,  CEil  de  Bcntf. 

AxTHBxis  Vulgaris,  Matricaria  Chamomilla. 

ANTHE'RA,  from  avOvpa,  'florid,'  so  called 
from  its  florid  colour.  A  remedy  compounded  of 
several  substances,  myrrh,  sandarac,  alum,  saf- 
fron, Ac.  It  was  used  under  the  form  of  lini- 
ment, collyrium,  electuary,  and  powder. — Celsus, 
Galen. 

ANTHEREON,  Mentnm. 

ANTHORA,  Aconitum  anthora— a.  Vulgaris, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTHORIS'MA,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
optefia,  'boundary.'  Tumor  diffu'eue.  A  tumor 
without  any  defined  margin. 

ANTHOS:  see  Rosmarinus  —  a.  Sylvestris, 
Ledum  sylvestre. 

ANTHRA'CIA,  from  «v$*af,  'ooal.'  On-otin'- 
cular  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumours,  im- 
perfectly suppurating,  with  indurated  edges,  and, 
for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core.  A 
genus  in  the  order  Exanthematica,  elass  H<b- 
matica  of  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Yaws, 

Anthracia,  Anthracosis — a.  Pestis,  Plague— 
a.  Rubula,  Framboasia. 

ANTHRACION,  see  Anthrax. 

AN'THRACOID,  Anthvaco'dee,  from  avW;, 
'coal,'  and  uiot,  'resemblance.'  (F.)  Chorion- 
neux.  As  black  as  coal.  Accompanied  by  or 
resembling  anthrax. 

ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACONECROSIS,  see  Sphacelus. 

ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS,  see  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACOSIA,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,  Carbo  Palpe- 
bra'rum,  from  av&pai,  'a  coal.'  A  species  of  car- 
buncle, which  attacks  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Paulus  of  JSgina.  Also,  a  carbuncle 
of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  for  the  "black  lung 
of  ooal  miners,"  whioh  is  induced  by  carbona- 
ceous accumulation  in  the  lungs.  Pseudo-mela- 
not'ic  formation,  (Carswell).  When  ulceration 
results  from  this  cause,  black  phthieie,  (F.)Phthi- 
eie  avec  Mtlanoee,  exists.    See  Melanosis. 

Anthracosis  Pulmokttv,  see  Melanosis, 

ANTHRACOTYPHUS,  Plague. 

ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  LUkanthrahoVali,  from 
avSpaf,  'coal,'  and  kali,  'potassa.'  An  article  in- 
troduced as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  diseases.  II 
is  formed  by  dissolving  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
10  or  12  parts  of  boiling  wa'or  and  adding  aj 


ANTHRAX 


82 


ANTIBRACHIUM 


much  slacked  lime  as  will  separate  the  potassa.  i 
The  filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire  in  an  iron 
Teasel,  and  suffered  to  evaporate,  until  neither 
froth  nor  effervescence  occurs,  and  the  liquid  pre- 
sents a  smooth  surface  like  oil.  To  this,  levigated 
coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of  160  grammes 
to  192  grammes  of  potassa.  The  mixture  is 
stirred,  and  removed  from  the  fire,  and  the  stir- 
ring is  continued,  until  a  black  homogeneous 
powder  results.  A  sulphuretted  anthrakokali  is 
made  by  mixing  accurately  16  grammes  of  sul- 
phur with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the  mixture  in 
the  potassa  as  directed  above.  The  dose  of  the 
simple  and  sulphuretted  preparations  is  about 
two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

ANTHRAX,  avOoali,  'a  coal,'  Antrax,  Carbo, 
Jiubi'nus  verus,  OodeseVla,  Erythe'ma  gangrano'- 
sum,  GrantriJtum,  Pruna,  Per'sicus  Ignis,  Pyra, 
Granatris'tum,  Phyma  Anthrax,  Erythema  an- 
thrax, Carbun'eulus,  Anthraeo'na,  Anthraco'ma, 
Absces'sus  gangrenes' cens,  A.  gangrano'sus,  Fu- 
run^  cuius  malig'nus,  F.  gangrceno'su*,  Carbuncle, 
(F.)  Charbon.  An  inflammation,  essentially  gan- 
grenous, of  the  cellular  membrane  and  skin, 
which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or  extornal 
cause.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called  Anthra'cion, 
Vesie'ula  gangrenes' cens,  Anthracophlyc'tis,  Pus- 
tule maligne;  Bouton  cTAlep,  Feu  Persique,  (Pcr- 
sianfire),  Malvat,  Bouton  malin,  Puce  maligne,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 
by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes  gan- 
grenous. It  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  in- 
ducod  altogether  by  contact  with  the  matter  of 
the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuviae  of 
the  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease, 
<but  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject  This  form  of  carbuncle  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  many  of  them  from  the 
•places  where  it  has  prevailed;  —  Carbun'eulus 
contagio'sus  seu  GaVlicus  seu  Hunga'ricus  seu 
Polon'icus  seu  Septentrtona' lis,  Morbus  pustulo'sus 
Fin'rticus,  Pus'tula  gangrenosa  seu  Liv'ida  Es- 
tho'nia,  Pemphigus  Hungar'icus. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treatment 
is  similar  to  that  which  is  required  in  case  of 
gangrene  attacking  a  part. 

ApfHRAX  Pulmonum,  Nccropneumonia. 

ANTHRISCUS  CERBFOLIUM,  Scandix  ce- 
refo'lium — a.  Humilis,  Chieropbyllum  Sylvestre 
— a.  Procerus,  Chrerophyllum  Sylvestre. 

ANTHROPE,  Cutis. 

ANTHROPIAT'RICA  (MEDICINA,)  from 
mvBovires,  'man/  and  larpos,  'a  physician/  Me- 
dicine applied  to  man  in  contradistinction  to 
animals. 

ANTHROPOCHEMIA,  Chymistry  (human). 

ANTHROPOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  (human). 

ANTHROPOGEN'IA,  Anthropoaen'esis,  An- 
thropog"enyt  from  avSpwiros,  '  man/  and  ytvtais, 
4  generation/  The  knowlege,  or  study,  or  phe- 
nomena of  human  generation. 

ANTHROPO G'RAPHY,  Anthropograph'ia, 
from  avQpuvos,  '  man/  and  ypafti,  '  a  description/ 
Anthropology.  A  description  of  the  human  body. 

ANTHROPOL'ITHUS,  from  a>0pu>*o<,  'man/ 
And  XiOos,  'a  stone/  The  petrifaction  of  the 
human  body  or  of  any  of  its  parts.  Morbid  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body. 

ANTHROPO  L'  0  G  Y,  Anthropolog"ia,  from 
•rvfywiro;,  'man,,  and  Xoyot,  'a  discourse/  A 
'reatise  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used  for 
the  science  ef  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
human  body.  Frequently,  it  is  employed  synony- 
mously with  Natural  History  and  Physiology  of 


ANTHROPOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism, 
animal. 

ANTHRO'POMANCY,  Anthropomanti'a,  from 
cndpuvof,  'a  man/  and  uavrua,  'divination/    Di- 
vination by  inspecting  the  entrails  of  a  dead  man. 
ANTHROPOM'ETRY,  from  av$p*xos,  'a  man/ 
and  fterpov,  '  measure/    Measurement  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  different  parts  of  the  human 
body. 
ANTHROPOMORPHUS,  Atropa  mandragora. 
ANTHROPOPH'AGUS,  (F.)  Anthropophage, 
from  avSpuvos,  'a  man/  and  Qayta,  'I  eat'    A 
name  given  to  one  who  eats  his  own  specie*. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGY,  Anthropopha'gia,  same 
etymon.    The  custom  of  eating  human  flesh.    A 
disease  in  which  there  is  great  desire  to  eat  it 
ANTHROPOS,  Homo. 
ANTHROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 
ANTHROPOTOMY,  Andranatomia. 
ANTHUS,  Flos. 

ANTHYPNOT'IC,  Anthypnot'ieus,  Antihyp- 
not'ic,  Agrypnot'ic,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
'vrvurtKott  '  stupefying/    A  remedy  for  stupor. 

ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Anthypochondr*. 
acus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'woxovopiaKof,  'hy- 
pochondriac/   A  remedy  for  hypochondriasis. 

ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ic,  Antihyster** 
icus,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  'vcrcpa,  'the  ute- 
rus/   A  remedy  for  hysteria. 

ANTI,  avrt,  as  a  prefix,  in  composition,  gene- 
rally means  '  opposition/ 
ANTIADES,  Tonsils. 
ANTIADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
ANTIADON'CUS,  from  amaitt,  'the  tonsils/ 
and  oyicos,  '  tumour/    A  swelling  of  the  tonsils. 
—  Swediaur.     Anti'ager  has  a  similar  meaning. 

Antiadoncus  Ixplavm atorius,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC,  Antiapoplte'ticus,  Anta- 
poplee'ticus,  Apoplec'ticus,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  arorArfia,  'apoplexy/  A  remedy  for  apo- 
plexy. 
ANTIARIS  TOXICARIA,  see  Upas. 
ANTIARTHRIT'IC,  Antarthrit'ic,  Antiar- 
thrit'icus,  Antipodag'ric,  from  am, '  against,'  and 
apSpiTts,  'the  gout>'  (F.)  Antigoutteux.  A  re- 
medy for  gout 

ANTIASTHEN'IC,  Antiasthen'ieus,  from  am, 
'  against,'  and  aoOtveta,  '  debility/  A  remedy  for 
debility. 

ANTIASTHMATIC,    Antiasthmaficus,    An- 
tasthmat'icus,  from   avrt,  'against,'  and  acSpa, 
'  asthma.'    A  remedy  for  asthma. 
ANTIATROPHICUS,  Antatrophic. 
ANTIBALLOMENUM,  Buccedaneum. 
ANTIBDELLA,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 
ANTIBRA'CHIAL,  Antibrach ia'lis.   That 
which  concerns  the  fore-arm.  —  Bichat    J.  Clo- 
quet  suggests  that  the  word  should  be  written  an- 
tebrachial, from   ante,  'before/   and   brachium, 
'the  arm:' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponeurosis,  Ac. 

Antebrachial  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Apontv- 
rose  anUbraehiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeurotic 
sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the  upper 
limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeurosis, 
from  a  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of  the 
biceps  muscle,  from  the  epicondyle,  epitrochlea, 
and,  behind,  from  the  tendon  of  the  triceps  bra- 
chials. Within,  it  is  inserted  into  the  cubitus, 
Ac. ;  and,  below,  is  confounded  with  the  two  an- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus.  It  is  covered  by 
the  skin,  by  veins,  lymphatics,  and  by  filaments 
of  superficial  nerves;  it  covers  the  muscles  of  the 
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them,  and  sends  between 
them  several  fibrous  septa,  which  servo  them  for 
points  of  insertion. 
ANTIBRACHIUM,  Fore-arm. 


ANTIDROMIC 


88 


ANTILLT 


ANTIBRO'MIC,  Antibro'micue,  from  am, 
*  against,'  and  0pwpos,  'fcetor.'  A  Deo'doruer. 
An  agent  that  destroys  offensive  odours  —  as 
chloride  of  zinc,  simple  sulphate  of  alumina,  Ac. 

ANTICACHEC'TIO,  Anticachec'ticus,  Antica- 
eochym'ic,  from  avrt,  'against/  and  icaj^ta,  'ca- 
chexy.'   A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCUYMIC,  Antioachectie. 

ANTICAN'CEROUS,  Anticancer*' eue,  Anti- 
cancro'eue,  Anticarcinom'atoue,  Antiecir'rhoue, 
from  am,  '  against/  and  «ap«cv<*/ia» '  cancer/  car- 
cinoma.    Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANTICANCROSUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARCINOMATOUS,  Anticancerons. 

ANTICARDIUM,  Foeeette  du  coeur,  Serobicu- 
lni  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RHAL,  Anticatarrha'lU,  Anti- 
eatarrhoicue,  from  am,  'against/  and  koto****, 
'catarrh.'   A  remedy  for  catarrh. 

ANTICAUSOD'IC,  Antieausot'ic,  Antioaueod'- 
ieue,  from  am,  '  against,'  and  taveos,  '  a  burning 
fever.'  A  remedy  for  caueue  or  inflammatory  foyer. 

AMTICAUSOTIC,  Anticausodic. 

ANTICHEIR,  Poilex,  see  Digitus. 

ANTICH(ERADICUS,  Antiscroralous. 

ANTICHOLERICA,  Sophora  heptaphylla. 

ANTICIPATING,  Anticipant,  Antepo'nene, 
Prolept'icue.  A  periodical  phenomenon,  recur- 
ring at  progressively  Bhorter  intervals.  An  an- 
ticipating intermittent  is  one  in  which  the  inter- 
vals between  the  paroxysms  become  progressively 
less. 

ANTICNEMIUM,  Shin. 

ANTICCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

ANTICOL'IC,  Anticol'icu»,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  Kw\tKOf,  '  the  colic'  That  which  is  opposed 
to  colic. 

ANTICOMMA,  Oontre-coup. 

ANTICOPE,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICRUSIS,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup. 

ANTIC  US,  Anterior. 

ANTWARTREUX,  Antiherpetie. 

ANTIDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTIDIARRHCE'IC,  Antidiarrhce'ieue.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhoea.    Opposed  to  diarrhoea, 

ANTID'INIC,  Antidin'icue,  Din' inn,  from  am, 
1  against/  and  itvot,  '  vertigo.'  Opposed  to  vertigo. 

AN'TIDOTAL,  Antidota'lie,  same  etymon  as 
antidote.  Relating  to  an  antidote ;  possessed  of 
the  powers  of  an  antidote. 

ANTIDOTA'RIUM,  from  amiorvv,  'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory.  A  pharmacopoeia  or  for- 
mulary. 

AN'TEDOTE,  Antidfotwn,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  Atfaui,  '  I  give.'  Originally  this  word  signi- 
fied an  internal  remedy.  It  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  counter -poi*on,  Antiphar'macum,  and 
signifies  any  remedy  capable  of  combating  the 
effect  of  poisons. 


A  List  of  Subttanee* 
1.  Metals. 
Iron  Filings. 
Zinc  Filings. 

8.  Acids. 
Tannic  Acid. 
Acetic  or  Citric  Acid. 

3.  Salts. 
Alkaline  or  Earthy  Sul- 
phates. 
Chloride  of  Sodium. 
Hypochlorite  of  Soda  or 
of  Lime. 

4.  Alkaline*. 
Ammonia. 

Carbonates  of  Ammonia. 
Carbonates  of  Soda. 
Magnesia. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia. 
Lira*  Water. 


reputed  a§  Antidotei. 

Chalk. 
Soap. 

5.  SnLraDRrrs. 
Sulphuretted    Hydrogen, 

dissolved  in  water. 
Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

6.  Haloids. 
Chlorine. 

7.  Metallic  Oxides. 
Hydrated  Seaqui-oxide  of 

Iron. 
Mixed  Oxides  of  Iron. 
8.  Organic  Substances. 
Albuminous  Substances, 

(Albumen,  Casein,  and 

Gluten.) 
Starch. 

Oil.       

Animal  Charcoal. 


ANTIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar- 
maoos — a.  MithridaUum,  Mithridate. 

ANTIDYN AMICA,  Debilitanta. 

ANTIDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTIDYSENTER'IC,  An  tidy  enter*  icue,  from 
ami,  '  against,'  ivst  '  with  difficulty/  and  tmpov, 
'intestine.'     Opposed  to  dysentery. 

ANTIEMETIC,  Antemet'ic,  Antiemet'icut, 
from  avrt,  'against,'  and  tprruos,  'emetic'  A 
remedy  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC, 
Antiephial'ticue,  from  am,  *  against,'  and  trfxaA- 
r<f,  'nightmare.'    A  remedy  for  nightmare. 

ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilep'ticu;  from  am,  'against,'  and  «*•- 
Xrppia,  'epileppy.'    A  remedy  for  epilepsy. 

ANTIFEBRILIS,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIGALAC'TIC,  Antigalac'ticue,  Antilac'- 
teut,  from  am,  'against,'  and  yoXa,  'milk.'  (F.) 
Antilaiteux.  Opposed  to  the  secretion  of  milk, 
or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk. 

ANTIG'ONI  COLLYR'IUM  NIGRUM,  Black 
collyrium  of  AxnG'oxua.  It  was  composed  of 
oadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris,  gum  Arabic, 
and  water. 

ANTIGUA,  see  West  Indies. 

ANTIH^SMOPTYICUS,  Anthremoptyicus. 

ANTIHEC'TIC,  Antithec'ticu:  Anthoc'tirue, 
from  am,  'against,'  and  '«(«$,  'habit  of  body.' 
The  Antihec'ticum  Pote'rii  is  the  white  oxyd  of 
antimony ;  also  called  Diaphoret'icum  Jovia'le. 

ANTIHELIX,  Anthelix. 

ANTIHELMINTICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC,  Antihamorrhag"- 
icue,  Anth<Bmorrhag"icue ;  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  'aiuoppayta,  'hemorrhage.'  That  wbjch  is 
against  hemorrhage;  an  antihemorrhagic  re- 
medy. 

ANTIHEMORRHOIDS,  Antihemorrhoid 
da'li$,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  'atfioppoites,  '  he- 
morrhoids.'   A  remedy  for  hemorrhoid*. 

ANTIHERPET'IC,  Antikerpeficu*,  from  avrt* 
' against,' and  rcpir<f,  'herpes.'  (F.)  Antidartreux. 
A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  AntihydrophoV  icu; 
AntylWeue,  Alys'nu,  from  am,  'against/  'vlup, 
'water/  and  <po$os,  'dread.'  A  remedy  for  hy- 
drophobia. 

ANTIHYDROP'IC,  Antikydrop'ieus,  Hydrop'. 
icus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  'vfywdy,  'dropsy.' 
A  remedy  for  dropsy. 

ANTIHYPNOTIC,  Anthypnotic. 

ANTIHYSTERIC,  Antihysteric. 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-icter'icue,  Icter'icus, 
from  am,  'against,'  and  txrtpoc,  'jaundice.'  A 
remedy  for  jaundice. 

ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see 
Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

ANTILABIUM,  Prolabium. 

ANTILACTEUS,  Antigalactic. 

ANTILAITEUX,  AntigalacUc. 

ANTILEP'SIS,  Apprehen'tio,*  from  am\au~ 
paw, '  I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching 
a  bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it  upon 
the  sound  parts. — Hippocrates.  The  mode  of 
securing  bandages,  Ac,  from  slipping.  Treat- 
ment by  revulsion  or  derivation. 

ANTILETHAR'GIC,  Antiletkar'gicv;  from 
avrt,  'against,'  and  IrfiapyiKot,  'affected  with 
lethargy.'    A  remedy  for  lethargy. 

ANTILITH'ICS,  Antilith'ica,  Lith'ica,  from 
am,  '  against,'  and  AiOo*,  '  a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the 
urinary  organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 

are  lithic  acid  or  phosphatio—  are  alkalies  or 

acids ;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of  air; 

tonics,  as  diosma  crenata,  (?)  and  uva.urei.(?) 

ANTILLY,   MINERAL  WATERS   OF.    A 


ANTILOBIUM 


S4 


ANTIMONIUM 


celebrated  French  medicinal  spring,  near  Meaux, 
in  France.  The  waters  hare  not  been  analysed ; 
but  astonishing  and  chimerical  effects  have  been 
ascribed  to  them. 

ANTILOBIUM.  Antitragus,  Tragus. 

ANTILOI'MIC,  Antiloi'micus,  Antilafmie,  An- 
tipestilentia'lis,  from  ami,  '  against,'  and  Aoqio* 
*  the  plague.'    A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

ANTIL'OPUS.  The  An'telope.  (F.)  GomcUc. 
An  African  animal,  whose  hooia  and  horns  were 
formerly  given  in  hysteric  and  epileptio  cases. 

ANTILY33US,  Antihydrophobic. 

ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  AnHmelanchol'icue, 
from  avn,  'against/  and  fieXaygoAia,  'melan- 
choly.'   A  remedy  for  melancholy. 

ANTIMEPHIT'IC,  Antimephit'icus,  from  aim, 
'against,'  and  mephitic.  A  remedy  against  me- 
phitic  or  deleterious  gases. 

ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium— -a.  Beurre  ef, 
Antimonium  muriatum— a.  Ohlorure  cP,  Antimo- 
nium  muriatum— a.  Oxide  d\  Algaroth — a.  Oxide 
blanc  <T,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  Sou/re 
dori  cP,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum — 
a.  Sulfure  cP,  Antimonium—o.  Suifuri,  hydrosul- 
phure  rouge  cP,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubnun 

—  o.  Verve  d?,  Antimonii  vitrum. 
ANTIMO'NIAL,  Antimonia'lie,  Stibia'lis,  from 

antimonium,  'antimony.'  A  composition  into 
which  antimony  enters.  A  preparation  of  anti- 
mony. 

Antimo'nial  Powdeb,  Pulvis  antimonia'lie, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  cum  phosphate  calcis,  Phoe- 
phcu  calcis  stibia'tus,  P.  CaVcicum  stibia'tum, 
Pulvis  Jame'sii,  PulvU  stibia'tus,  Pulvis  de  phoe'- 
phate  calcis  et  stib'ii  compos1  itus,  Factitious 
James's  Powder,  Schwanb  erg's  Fever  Powder, 
Chenevix's  Antimonial  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre 
anUmoniale  composie  ou  de  James.  A  peroxide 
of  antimony  combined  with  phosphate  of  lime. 
(Take  of  common  sulphuret  of  antimony,  m j ; 
hartshorn  shavings,  ft>ij.  Roast  in'  an  iron  pot, 
until  they  form  a  gray  powder.  Put  this  into  a 
long  pot,  with  a  small  hole  in  the  cover.  Keep 
it  in  a  red  heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind  to  a  fine 
'powder.)  This  preparation  has  long  been  es- 
teemed as  a  febrifuge:  but  it  is  extremely  un- 
certain in  its  action.  The  ordinary  dose  is  6  or 
8  grains. 

ANTIMONIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimonium 
muriatum. 

ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  praecipitatum  —  a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 

ANTIMONII  (BUTYRUM,)  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Calx,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a. 
Cerussa,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  et  Po- 
tasses tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Ma- 
rias, Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxydulum  hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  pracipita- 
tum — a.  Oxydum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum  auratum, 
Antimonii  sulphuratum  praecipitatum — a.Oxidum 
nitro-muriatioum,  Algaroth  —  a.  Oxydum  cum 
sulphure  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Oxy- 
dum sulphuretum  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum 
— a.  Oxysulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum  prascipi- 
ttttum — a.  Potassio-tartras,  Antimonium  tartari- 
catum — a.  Regulus  medicinalis,  Antimonium  me- 
dioinale — a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a. 
Sulphur  auratum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prae- 
cipitatum— a.  Sulphur  praecipitatum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  praecipitatum — a.  Sulphuretum,  An- 
timonium— a.  Tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 

—  a.  Tartras  et  Potassse,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum— a.  Vitrum  hyaeinthinum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 

Antimo'nii  Sllphure'tum  Precipita'tum, 
Sulphur  antimonia'tum,  Hydroeulphure'tum  sti- 
bivutm  cum  sul'phuri,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  sulphura'- 


tum,  Oxyd'ulum  antimo'nii  hydrosvlphura'tum 
auranti'aeum,  Ox'ydum  aura' turn  antimo'nii,  Sul- 
phure* turn  stib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-eulfure'tum 
tu'teum  ox'ydi  stib'ii  sulfur  a' ti,  Sulphur  antimo'- 
nii praeipita'tum,  Sulphur  aura' turn  antimo'nii, 
Golden  Sulphur  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure' turn  Pracipitatum,  A.  Oxy- 
sulphuretum, (F.)  Soufre  dori  d'Antimoine,  of  the 
London  Pharmacopoeia,  U  nearly  the  same  as  the 
old  Kermes  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder  of  an  orange 
colour,  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste.  It  is  emetic, 
diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according  to  the  dose ; 
and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  in  cutaneous  affections.   Dose,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  Sulphuretum  Praecipitatum  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  is  made  by  boiling 
together  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in  fine  powder, 
Solution  of  Potassa,  and  distilled  water  ;  strain- 
ing the  liquor  while  hot,  and  dropping  into  it 
Diluted  Sulphuric  Acid  so  long  as  it  produces  a 
precipitate. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphttrb'tum  Rubrum,  Bed  SuP- 
phuret  of  An'timony,  Hydrosulfure'tum  stib'ii 
rubrum,  Sub-hydrosul'fas  stib'ii,  Hydro-sulphurc*- 
turn  rubrum  stib'ii  sulphura'ti,  Pulvis  Oarthusi- 
ano'rum,  Kermes  mineral,  (F.)  Hudrosulfure 
rouge  d'Antimoine  sulfurt,  Vermilion  de  Provence. 
Properties  the  same  as  the  last.  Dose,  gr.  j.  to 
gr.  iv. 

Antimo'nii  Vitbum,  Glaee  of  Antimony,  Antu 
mo'nii  ox'ydum  sulphure1  turn  vitrifac'tum,  Ox** 
ydum  stib'ii  semivit'reum,  Antimo'nium  vitrifac'- 
tum, Ox'idum  antimo'nii  cum  eul'phure  vitrifac'* 
turn,  Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  hyacin'- 
thinum,  Oxyd'ulum  stib'ii  vitrea'tum,  (F.)  Verre 
d'Antimoine.  (Formed  by  roasting  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  gray  colour,  and 
emits  no  fumes  in  a  red  heat ;  then  melting  it,  on 
a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish-red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antimonial  wine. 

ANTIMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  dia- 
phoreticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  from  avri,  'against/  and 
uovof,  '  alone ;'  i.  e.  not  found  alone :  or  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  am,  '  against,'  and  moine,  *  a 
monk;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
suffered  muoh  from  it  Stibi,  Stib'ium,  Reg'ulus 
Antimo'nii,  Itinera' Hum,  Oymtce'um,  Magnesia 
Satur'ni,  Mar  cast' ta  plum'bea,  Platyophthal'mon, 
Stim'mi,  Aurum  lepro'sum,  Antimo'nium  crudum, 
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum,  Sulphure' turn  stib'ii  ni- 
grum,  Common  Antimony,  Sulphuret  of  Antimony, 
(F.)  Antimoine,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret 
of  antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  prepa- 
rations of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  the  native  sesquisulphuret  of  antimony,  puri- 
fied by  fusion.  When  prepared  for  medical  nee, 
by  trituration  and  levigation,  it  forms  a  powder 
of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour,  which  is  inso- 
luble. It  is  slightly  diaphoretic  and  alterative, 
and  has  been  used  in  chronio  rheumatism,  .cuta- 
neous diseases,  Ac 

Antimonium  Album,  Bismuth. 

Antimo'nium  Calcinatum,  Antimonium  dis>- 
phoretioum. 

Antimo'nium  Diaphorrt'icum,  Diaphoretic 
Antimony,  Antimo'nious  Acid,  Min'eral  Bez'oard, 
Antimo'nium  Oalcina'tum,  Mineral  Diaphoret'ic, 
Matiire  perUe  de  krrkrinq,  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony, Calx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphoret- 
icum latum,  Oerus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  album,  Ox'idum  stibio'sum, 
Deutoxide  of  An'timony,  Ox'idum  stib'ii  album 
median' tl  nitro  confectum,  PotasscB  biantimo'niae, 
(F.)  Oxide  blanc  d'Antimoine  pripari  par  U 
moyen  du  nitre.  ( Common  antimony,  Sbj ;  purified 


ANTIMONY,  BUTTER  OP 


85 


ANTIPHLOGISTIC 


nitre,  lbiij. — Throw  it  by  spoonfuls  into  a  rod-hot 
crucible;  powder  and  wash.  The  flowers  that 
•tick  to  the  side  of  the  crucible  must  be  carefully 
separated,  otherwise  they  render  it  emetic.) 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

Antimonium  Emkticum,  A.  tartarisatum. 

Astimo'hium  Mbdioina'lV,  Beg'ulus  Antimo'- 
nii Medicina' lis,  Medicinal  Beg'ulus  of  Antimony. 
(Antimon.  sulphur.  5  v.  Potass,  snbcarb.  Ji.  Sodii 
ehlorid.  %\v.  Powder,  mix,  and  melt  When 
cold,  separate  the  scoria  at  top,  powder  the  mass, 
and  wash  it  well.)  It  is  conceived  to  be  more 
active  than  common  antimony. 

Axtimo'xium  Muria'tum,  Antimo'nii  Mu'rias, 
Ohlor'uret  of  An'timony,  Chlorure'tum  stib'ii, 
Spuma  triwn  draco' num,  Deuto-muriae  stib'ii 
eubUma'tus,  Butter  of  Antimony,  Muriate  of  An- 
timony, Chloride  of  Antimony,  Buty'rum  Antimof 
mi,  O'Uum  Antimo'nii,  Buty'rum  stib'ii,  Cans' - 
tieum  antimonia'U,  Antimonium  eali'tum,  (F.) 
Ckiorure  d*Antimoine,  Beurre  oVAntimoine.  f  Com- 
mon antimony  and  corrosive  sublimate,  or  each 
equal  parts :  grind  together,  and  distil  in  a  wide- 
necked  retort,  and  let  the  butyraceous  matter 
that  comes  over,  run,  in  a  moist  place,  to  a  liquid 
oil.)  A  caustic,  but  not  much  used  as  such. 
Sometimes  taken  as  poison. 

Airmroffiuv  Salitum,  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Ajmuo'mxju  Tartaric  a'tum,  Tartrie  Anti- 
mo'nii, Tartar  Antimonia'tum,  Sal  Antimo'nii, 
Tartras  Potas'soJ  stibio'sus  sen  stibia'lis,  Tartris 
lixivia  stibia'tus,  Deuto-tartra*  potae'is  et  stib'ii, 
Tar1  torus  emeticus,  Tar'tarum  emet'icum,  Tartras 
antimo'nii,  Tartras  Antimo'nii  et  Potaeeoj,  Anti- 
mo'nii et  Potass*  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  8.),  Antimo'nii 
potas'sio-tartras,  Antimo'nium  emet'icum,  Tar*- 
tariaed  An'timony,  Tartrate  of  An'timony  and 
potasfea,  Potassio-tartrate  of  Antimony,  Emetic 
Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic,  (F.)  Tartre  stibit,  Tartre 
Bmitique,  Anitique  ;  in  some  parts  of  the  United 
States,  vulgarly  and  improperly  called  Tartar: 
(Made  by  digesting  svlphuret  of  antimony  in  a 
mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids  with  the  aid 
of  heat;  filtering  the  liquor,  and  pouring  it  into 
water:  freeing  the  precipitate  from  acid,  by 
washing  and  drying  it;  adding  this  powder  to 
bUartrate  of  potasta  in  boiling  distilled  water ; 
boiling  for  an  hour,  and  after  filtering  the  liquor 
while  hot,  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tartarixed  antimony  is  emetic,  sometimes  ca- 
thartic and  diaphoretic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient. Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv.  in 
solution :  as  a  diaphoretic,  gr.  one-sixteenth  to 
gr.  one-quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's 
Drops,  consist  of  a  solution  of  tartarixed  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirit,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

AxmioNnra  Vitripactum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANTIMONY,  BUTTER  OF,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Chloride  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — 
a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Deu- 
toxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum — a.  Flowers 
of,  Algaroth — a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a. 
Golden  sulphur  of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prte- 
eipitatum — a.  Medicinal,  regains  of,  Antimonium 
medicinale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muria- 
tum— a.  Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum 
— a.  Potassio-tartrate  of,  Antimonium  tartarisa- 
tnm— a.  Submuriate  of,  Protoxide  of,  Algaroth — 
a.  Salphuret  ot,  red,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — a.  Tartarixed,  Antimonium  tartarizatnm 
— a.  Vegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

AjfTIMONT  ASH  POTABSA,  TARTRATE  OT,  Anti- 

moninm  tartarisatum. 

ANTINBPHRIT'IC,  Antinephretic,  Antine- 
phreficus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  vctyirt;,  'ne- 
phritis.' A  remedy  for  inflammation  of  the  kidney. 


ANTINEUROPATHIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINIAD,  see  AntiniaL 

ANTIN'IAL,  from  am,  'against,'  and  trttr, 
'the  ridge  of  the  occiput.'  An  epithet  for  an 
aspect  towards  the  side  opposite  to  the  inion,  or 
ridge  of  the  occiput. — Barclay.  Antiniad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  antinial  aspect* 

ANTI'OCHI  HI 'ERA.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients  in  melancholy,  hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy,  Ac  It  was  formed  of  germander, 
agaric,  pulp  of  colocynth,  Arabian  stoechas,  opo- 
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristolochia,  white 
pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender,  myrrh,  honey,  Ac 

Antiochi  Tbbriaca.  A  theriac  efnployed  by 
Antiochus  against  every  kind  of  poison.  It  was 
composed  of  thyme,  opoponax,  millet,  trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nigella  sativa,  Ac. 

ANTIODONTAL'GIC,  AntodontaVgie,  Anto- 
dontal'gicus,  Odontalgic,  Odontic,  AntiodontaV- 
gicus,  from  avrc,  'against,' and  eoovraXyta,  'tooth- 
ache.'   A  remedy  for  toothache. 

ANTIORGAS'TIC,  Antiorgae'tieue,  from  am, 
'against,'  and  ocyau,  'I  desire  vehemently.'  A 
remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for  irritation 
in  general. 

ANTIPARALTT'IC,  Antiparalyficue,  from 
am,  'against,'  and  waoaXwit,  'palsy.'  Opposed 
to  palsy. 

ANTIPARASITIC,  Antiparasitics,  Anti- 
phtheiriacut,  Phthi'rius,  Paraeit'icidc;  from  aim, 
'against,'  and  vapaciros,  'a  parasite.'  An  agent 
that  destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin 
that  infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics 
are  Oocculue,  Staphisagria,  Veratrum  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

ANTIPARASTATI'TIS,  from  am,  'opposite,' 
and  wapaarartjf,  'the  epididymis;'  also,  'the  pros- 
tate,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  Cowper's  glands. 

ANTIPATHI'A,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
wa$os,  'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A  natural 
repugnance  to  any  person  or  thing. 

ANTIPATH'IC,  Antipath'icus,  (F.)  Antipa- 
thique.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite,  con- 
trary,— as  humeurs  antipathiques  ;  humours  op- 
posed to  each  other.    Also,  palliative. 

ANTIP'ATRI  THERIACA,  Theriac  of  An- 
itp'atzr.  A  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles : 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ANTIPERIOD'IC,  Antiperiod' ictss,  Antityp'- 
ieus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  wcpioiog,  'period.* 
A  remedy  which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting 
morbid  periodical  movements; — e.  g.  the  sulphate 
of  qulnia  in  intermittent*. 

ANTIPERISTALTIC,  Antiperistaltic™,  An- 
tivermic'ular,  from  am,  'against,'  and  ircpurriXXv, 
'I  contract'  An  inverted  action  of  the  intestinal 
tube. 

ANTIPERIS'TASIS,  from  am,  'against/  and 
*tp«rraois,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A  union  of 
opposite  circumstances :  the  action  of  two  con- 
trary qualities,  one  of  which  augments  the  force 
of  the  other.  The  peripateticians  asserted,  that 
it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is  hotter  in  winter 
than  in  summer.  Theophrastus  attributes  the 
cause,  which  renders  man  more  vigorous,  and 
makes  him  digest  more  readily  in  winter,  to  the 
augmentation  of  heat  caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

ANTIPER'NIUS,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
Pernio,  'a  chilblain.'  A  remedy  against  chil- 
blains;—  as  Unauen'tum  antiper'nium,  an  oint- 
ment for  chilblains. 

ANTIPERTUSSI6,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

ANTIPESTILENTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

ANTIPHLOGISTIC,  Antiphlogistic**,  from 


ANTIPHTHEIRIACA 


88 


ANTRUM 


ivn,  'against,'  and  <p\tyw,  'I  barn.'  Opposed 
to  inflammation ; — as  Antiphlogistic  remedies,  A. 
regimen,  Ac. 

ANTIPHTHEIRIACA,  Antiphthiriaca,  from 
mm,  'against,'  and  <p$ei£ia*r  'I  am  lousy.'  A 
remedy  used  to  destroy  lice. 

ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthie'icue,  from 
avri,  'against/  and  <f3tots,  'consumption.'  Op- 
posed to  phthisis. 

ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatiyes. 

ANTIPHYS'ICAL,  AntiphyJicu*,  from  am, 
'against,'  and  <pv<nu>,  'I  blow.'  An  expeller  of 
wind :  a  carminative. 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preterna- 
tural; here,  the  derivation  is  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  if>v<rti,  'nature.'  The  French  sometimes  say, 
*Un  gout  antipkysique/ '  an  unnatural  taste.' 

ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Antiplas'ticue,  Plattilyt'ic, 
Plastilyt'icua,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  v\<uttikos, 
'formative.'  Antiformative.  An  agent  that  dimi- 
nishes the  quantity  of  plastio  matter — fibrin — in 
the  blood. 

ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antipleuret'icue,  Anti- 
plenret'ic,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  vXcvpirc;, 
*  pleurisy.'     Opposed  to  pleurisy. 

ANTIPNEUMON'IC,  Antipneumon'icue,  from 
avrt,  '  against,'  and  wtvuuvta,  '  disease  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs.'  A  remedy  for  disease  or 
inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

ANTIPODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic 

ANTIPRAX'IS,  from  am,  'against/  and 
r(Mff<rw,  'I  act'  A  contrary  state  of  different 
parts  in  the  same  patient:  e.  g.  an  increase  of 
heat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOR'IC,  Antipeo'ricus,  Antisca'bioue, 
from  am, '  against,'  and  tWa,  '  the  itch.'  (F.) 
Antigaleux.    Opposed  to  the  itch. 

ANTIPUTRID,  Antiseptic 

ANTIPY'IC,  Antipy'icus,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  irvov,  '  pus.'    Opposed  to  suppuration. 

ANTIPYRETIC,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIPYROT'IC,  Antipyroficua,  from  avrt, 
'  against,'  and  xvp,  '  fire.'  Opposed  to  burns  or 
to  pyrosis. 

ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiquar'tium.  A 
remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 

ANTIQUUS,  Chronic 

ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  Antirhachit'icue,  from 
am,  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  rachitis, 
or  rickets. 

ANTIRHEUMATIC,  Antirrheumatficuej  from 
avrt,  'against,'  and  pcvpa,  'rheumatism.'  A  re- 
medy for  rheumatism. 

ANTIRHINUM  ACUTANGULUM,  A.  Lina- 
ria — a.  *Auriculatum,  A.  Elatine. 

Antirhi'nuh  Elati'kS,  A.  auricula' turn,  E. 
Kaeta'ta,  Elati'ni,  Lina'ria  elati'ni,  Cymbala'ria 
elati'ni,  Fluellen  or  Female  Speedwell,  was  for- 
merly used  against  scurvy  and  old  ulcerations. 

Axtirhi'num  Hkderacbum,  A.  Lin  aria — a. 
Hedera  folium,  A.  Linaria. 

Antirhi'num  Lina'ria,  A,  hedera'eeum  seu 
hederasfo'lium  seu  acutan'gulum,  Lina'ria,  L. 
tulga'ris  seu  cymbala'ria,  Elati'ni  cymbala'- 
ria, Oymbala'ria  mura'lis,  Osy'ris,  Urina'ria, 
Common  Toad  Flax,  (F.)  Linaire,  The  leaves 
have  a  bitterish  taste.  They  are  reputed  to  be 
diuretic  and  cathartic.  An  ointment  made  from 
them  has  been  extolled  in  hemorrhoids. 

ANTISCABIOUS,  Antipsoric 

ANTISCIRRHOUS,  Antioancerous. 

ANTISCOLETICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTISCOLlCUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTISCORBU'TIC,  AntUcorbu'ticue,  from 
avrt,  'against,'  and  soorbutus,  'the  scurvy.'  Op- 
posed to  scurvy. 

ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antiecroph'ulout,  An- 
fUcrofulo'stts,  Antistrumo'sus,  Antichosrad'ioui. 
Opposed  to  scrofula. 


ANTISEP'TIC,  Antieep'ticua,  Antipu'trid, 
from  am,  'against,'  and  wires,  'putrid.'  Anti- 
putredino'sue.  Opposed  to  putrefaction.  The 
chief  antiseptics,  internally  or  externally  em- 
ployed, are  Acidum  Muriaticum,  Acidum  Nitri- 
cum,  Acidum  Sulphurieum,  Alumina  sulpha*, 
Carbo  Liani,  Oalx  Chlorinata,  Chlorinum,  Cin- 
chona and  its  active  principles,  Creosote,  Dauci 
Radix,  Fermentum  Cerevisia,  Soda  Chlorinata, 
and  Zinci  Chloridum. 

ANTISIAL'AGOGUE,  AntUialago'gue,  Anti* 
•Value,  from  avrt,  '  against,'  and  ctaXov,  '  saliva.' 
A  remedy  against  ptyalism. 

ANTISPASIS,  Derivation,  Revulsion. 

ANTISPASMODIC,  Antiepasmod'icu;  Anti* 
spas' ticus,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  nam,  'I  con* 
tract.'  Opposed  to  spasm.  The  whole  operation 
of  antispasmodics  is  probably  revulsive.  The 
following  are  the  chief  reputed  antispasmodics. 
jEther  Sulphuricue,  Aeafaetida,  Castoreum,  Dra- 
contium,  Moechus,  Oleum  Animate  Dippelii,  and 
Valeriana — with  the  mental  antispasmodics,  ab- 
straction, powerful  emotions,  fear,  Ac.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  no  example. 

ANT  I  SPASTIC  US,  Antispasmodic,  Deriva- 
tive 

ANTISTASIS,  Antagonism. 

ANTISTERIG'MA,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
vrwvypa, '  a  support'  A  fulcrum,  support*  crutch. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANTISTER'NUM,  from  arvi,  'against,'  and 
ertpvov,  *  the  sternum.'    The  back. — Rufus. 

ANTISTRUMOUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANTISYPHILIT'IC,  Antisyphilit' tens,   from 
avrt,  'against,'  and  syphilis,  'the  veneisal  dis- 
ease'   Opposed  to  the  venereal  disease. 
.  ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 

ANTITHENAR,  Opponens  pollicis,  Adductor 
pollicis  pedis. 

ANTITHERMA,  Refrigerants. 

ANTITHORA,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Antitra'geus,  (F.)  Hustle 
de  V  Antitragus,  M.  antitragien. — (Ch.)  Belong- 
ing to  the  antitragus.  A  small  muscle  is  so 
called,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  constant 
It  occupies  the  space  between  the  antitragus  and 
anthelix. 

ANTITRAGIEN,  Antitragicus. 

ANTIT'RAGUS,  from  am,  'opposite  to,'  and 
rpayos,  'the  tragus,'  Antilo'bium,  Oblo'bium.  A 
conical  eminence  on  the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  op- 
posito  the  tragus. 

ANTITYP'IA,  from  am,  'against,'  and  mm, 
'I  strike.'  Resistance.  Hardness.  Repercussion. 

ANTITYPICUS,  Antiperiodic 

ANTIVENE'REAL,  AnHvene'rm,  from  mm, 
'against,'  and  Venus, '  Venus.'  The  same  as  An- 
tisyphilitio.  Formerly  it  was  used  synonymvosly 
with  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTIYERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic 

ANTIYERMINOSUS,  Anthelmintic 

ANT'LIA  or  ANTLI'A,  from  mvrUiv,  'to 
pump  out'  A  syringe ;  a  pump.  Hence,  Antlia 
lac1  tea,  Lactisu'gium,  a  breast-pump;  and  Antlia 
eanguisu'ga,  Antibdella,  Hiru'do  artificia'lie,  the 
exhausting  syringe  used  in  cupping. 

Antlia  Gastrica,  Stomach-pump. 

ANTODONTALGIC.  Antiodontalgic 

ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTRE,  Antrum — a.  d'Hyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTROVERSIO,  Anteversio. 

ANTRUM,  'A  cavern,'  Cavern' a,  Barathrum, 
(F.)  Autre.  A  name  given  to  certain  cavities  in 
bones,  the  entrance  to  which  is  smaller  than  the 
bottom. 

Antrum  Auris,  Tympanum — a.  Buccinosum, 


ANULUS 


87 


APERIENT 


Cochlea,  Labyrinth  —  a.  Den  tale,  gee  Tooth  —  a. 
Pylori,  see  Stomach. 

Aantux  or  Higbmork,  Antrum  Highmoria'- 
mum,  Antrum  Gena,  Antrum  maxilla*  r  I  vol  max- 
U'Ub  euperio'ris,  Oenyan'trum,  Max' Wary  Sinus, 
Sinus  Oenm  pituita'rius,  (F.)  Antre  (Fffyahmore, 
Sinus  Maxillaire.  A  deep  cavity  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  superior  maxillary  bone  communi- 
cating with  the  middlo  meatus  of  the  nose.  It 
is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane. 

ANULUS,  Fossette. 

AN  URESIS,  Ischuria. 

ANURIA,  Ischuria. 

ANUS,  'a  circle/  Podex,  Pots*,  MoVyni,  Mo- 
iy»'i£,  Dactyl'ios,  Oath'cdra,  Oyr*ceon,  Cys'saros, 
dysthos,  Aph'edra,  Aph'edron,  Hedrh,  Proctos, 
Archoe,  Sedes,  Cuius,  Cu'leon.  The  circular  open- 
ing situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.  The  fnnda~ 
m*nL   The  seat.   The  body.   The  seat,  (F.)  Si4gt. 

Axus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called 
also,  Font' men  commu'ni  poste'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  closed  up,  however,  by  the  tela 
ehoroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which  is  inti- 
mately connected  with  this.  The  foramen  is 
situate  between  the  commissure  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Akits,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  artifi- 
cially, to  supply  the  natural  anus.  The  term  is 
often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus. 

Akus,  Contracted,  (F.)  Anus  ritrici.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
stricted. 

Axus,  Imperforate.  A  malformation,  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia  ani 
adnata. 

Alius,  Preterit  at/ural,  (F.)  Anus  centre  na- 
ture, A.  anormaL  An  accidental  opening  which 
fires  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of  the  feces, 
t  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or,  which  is  most 
common,  to  gangrene  attacking  the  intestine  in 
a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
devil,  devious  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus,  in- 
stead of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in  some 
neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  vagina,  Ac. 

ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'etas,  Anxi' etude,  Adamo'- 
nia,  Dyspho'ria  anxi'etas,  Alys'mus,  Al'yce,  AV- 
ysis,  Asi,  from  angere,  Gr.  ay\ti¥y  'to  strangle, 
to  suffocate/  A  state  of  restlessness  and  agita- 
tion, with  general  indisposition,  and  a  distressing 
sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium.  Inquie- 
tude, anxiety,  and  anguish,  represent  degrees  of 
the  same  condition. 

ANTPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ogta,  'dis- 
turbance.'   Tranquillity.     Calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  magna,  A.  crasea,  A.  max- 
ima, Hamal  Axis,  of  Owen.  (F.)  Aorte.  This 
name  was  given  by  Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery 
of  the  body.  It  may  have  been  derived  from 
asfTteuat,  'I  am  suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be 
suspended  from  the  heart;  or  from  ova,  'air,'  and 
rapt*,  '  I  keep/  because  it  was  supposed  to  con- 
tain air.  It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant 
by  uoprat  the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications. 
The  aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of 
the  body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
posses  upwards  (ascending  Aorta,)  forms  the  great 
arch  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spin*)  (descending  Aorta,)  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  vertebra, 
where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the  oommon 


iliacs.  The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided  into  the 
Thoracic  or  pectoral,  and  the  Abdominal.  For 
the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  Ac,  see  Artery. 

AORTEURYS'MA,  from  —em,  'the  aorta,' 
and  cvpvf, '  dilated.'  Aneurism  of  the  Aorta,  (F.) 
Aneurysms  ds  V Aorte,  Aortiectasie.  By  carefully 
auscultating  over  the  dorsal  vertebras,  a  bellows' 
sound,  with  a  deep  and  not  always  perceptible 
impulse,  may  be  deteoted. 

AOR'TIC,  Aor'tieus.  Relating  to  the  Aorta. 
The  Aortic  ventricle,  (F.)  Ventricle  Aortique,  is 
the  left  ventricle.  The  Aortic  valves  are  the  sig- 
moid valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  Ac 

AORTIECTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 

AORTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Aot'Ub,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the  lungs.— 
Hippocrates. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ovt,  'an  ear/ 
A  monster  devoid  of  ears. — Gurlt. 

APAG'MA,  Apoelas'ma,  ApocecaulWmenon, 
from  awo,  '  from,'  and  ayt*,  '  I  remove/  Separa- 
tion, abduction.  Separation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Defecation,  Inductio. 

APALACHIXE,  Bex  vomitoria— a.  d  Feuilles 
ds  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Hex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,  Apallax*is,  from  awaXarrw,  'I 
change/  Mutation,  change.  It  is  generally 
taken  in  a  good  sense,  and  means  the  change 
from  disease  to  health. — Hippocrates. 

APALLAXIS,  Apallage. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  awaXortf,  'softness,  ten- 
derness/ Fortuitous  lesions  or  deformities  affect- 
ing the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the  class 
Tychica,  of  Good. 

APANTHESIS,  Apanthismus. 

APANTHIS'MUS,  Apanthe'sis,  from  m, 
'from,'  and  avOtw,  'I  flower/  The  obliteration 
of  parts  previously  in  servient  to  useful  purposes, 
as  of  the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus, 
which  are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are 
subsequently  unnecessary.     See,  also,  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  aire,  'from,'  and  ov- 
Spwtroj,  '  man/  Detestation  of  man ;  desire  for 
solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms  of 
hypochond  riasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

APARACH'YTUM  VINUM,  from  a,  priv., 
and  wapaxvu,  '  I  pour  over/  The  purest  wine : 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. — 
Galen. 

APARINE,  Galium  aparine— a.  Hispida,  Ga- 
lium aparine. 

APARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  Ameli'a,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  *«$•*,  'affection/  (F.)  Apathie.  Ac- 
cidental suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It 
takes  place  in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly 
in  malignant  fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  «*o,  'from/  and  i^oj, 
'  sound/  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting  sound. 
In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Latin 
Oontrafissura,  a  counter-fissure,  a  counter-blow. 
— Gorneus,  Oelsus. 

A^ECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 

APEL'LA,  Apnel'la,  Leipoder'mos,  Recvti'tus, 
from  a,  priv.,  and  pellis,  'skin/  One  whose  pre- 
puce does  not  cover  the  glans. — Galenus,  Lin- 
neeus,  Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any 
other  soft  appendage — Sagar.  One  who  is  cir- 
cumcised. 

APEPSIA,  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIENT,  Ape'riens,  Apentifvus,  from  ape  . 
rire,  (ad  and  pario,)  'to  open/  ReS  trans.  A 
laxative.  (F.)  Apiritif.  A  medicine  which 
gently  opens  the  bowels.     The  term  had  for* 


APERI8TAT0N 


88 


APIONTA 


merly  a  much  more  extensive  signification,  and, 
like  Catalvt'icum,  was  given  to  a  substance  sup- 
posed to  nave  the  power  of  opening  any  of  the 
passages,  and  even  the  blood-vessels. 

APERIS'TATON,  Aperis1 tatum,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  irepitrrnftt,  'I  surround.'  An  epithet 
for  an  nicer  not  dangerous  nor  considerable,  nor 
surrounded  by  inflammation. 

APERITIF,  Aperient 

APERITIVUS,  Aperient. 

APERTOR  OCULI,  Levator  palpebrse  superl- 
oris. 

APERTO'RITJM,  from  apeno,  'I  open/  An 
instrument  for  dilating  the  os  uteri  during  labour. 

APERTURA,  Mouth— a.  Anterior  ventriculi 
tertii  cerebri,  Vulva  (cerebri) — a.  Pelvis  superior, 
aee  Pelvis 

APEUTHYSMENOS,  Rectum. 

APEX,  Mucro.  The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
part : — as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  Ac 

Apex  Lingua,  Proglossis. 

APHARESIS,  Apheresis,  Extirpation. 

APHALANGI'ASIS,  from  a,  '  intensive,'  and 
faXayt,  'phalanx.'  The  fourth  stage  of  Oriental 
leprosy,  which  is  recognised  chiefly  by  a  gangre- 
nous condition  of  the  fingers. 

APHASSOM'ENOS,  from  a+aevts,  'I  touch,  I 
feel.'  The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis. — Hippo- 
orates.    See  Esaphe. 

APHEDRA,  Anus. 

APHEDRIA,  Menses. 

APHEDRON,  Anus. 

APHELI'A,  a^cAijf,  'simple'  Simplicity. 
The  simple  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists  in 
teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APHELX'IA,  from  aipiX™,  '  I  abstract'  Vo- 
luntary inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions  of 
surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness.  Re- 
very,  (P.)  Rtverie.  Dr.  Good  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphelx'ia  so- 
ears  or  absence  of  mind — A.  inten'ta  or  abstrac- 
tion of  mind:  and  A.  otio'sa,  Stu'dium  ina'ne, 
brown  study  or  listless  musing. 

APHEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

APHEPSIS,  Decoction. 

APHE'RESIS,  Apha'resis,  from  afatptu,  'I 
take  away.'  An  operation  by  whioh  any  part  of 
the  body  is  separated  from  the  other.  Hippo- 
crates, according  to  Foe'sius,  uses  the  expression 
Aphce'resi*  Sanguinis  for  excessive  hemorrhage; 
and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition  of  an 
animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind 
and  of  the  mind  itself, 

APH'ESIS,  from  a^ui/tt,  'I  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  tho  dimi- 
nution or  cessation  of  a  disease ;  at  others,  lan- 
guor and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities.  See 
Languor,  and  Remission. 

APHIL AN'THROPY,  Aphilanthro'pia,  from  a, 
privative,  <pi\t<*,  'I  love,'  and  avSouvos,  'a  man.' 
Dislike  to  man.  Love  of  solitude.  Vogel  has 
given  this  name  to  the  first  degree  of  melancholy. 

APHISTfiSIS,  Abscess. 

APHODEUMA,  Excrement 

APHODUS,  Excrement 

APHONETUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NIA,  Liga'tio  lingua,  Loque'la  aboVita, 
jDcfec'tus  loque'la,  Dyspho'nia,  (of  some,)  Aph'- 
ony,  (F.)  Aphonic,  Pert*  de  la  Voix,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  f  wmr,  '  voice.'  Privation  of  voice,  or 
of  t«*e  sounds  that  ought  to  be  produced  in  the 
glottis.  When  aphonia  forms  part  of  catarrh  or 
of  'cold,'  it  is  commonly  of  but  little  consequence ; 
but  when  produced  by  causes  acting  on  the  ner- 
vous system,  as  by  some  powerful  emotion,  or 
without  any  appreciable  lesion  of  the  vocal  appa- 


The  exter- 
The  ooca- 


ratas,  {Laryngo-paralysit,)  it  frequently  resist! 
all  remedies. 

Aphonia,  Catalepsy — a.  Surdorum,  Mutftas 
Surdorum.  •• 

APHONICUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NUS,  Apho'nicus,  Apho'netus  ;  same 
etymon.    Relating  to  apnonia. 

APHONY,  Aphonia. 

APHORIA,  Sterilitas. 

APHORICUS,  Sterile. 

APHORUS,  Sterile. 

APHOR'MB,  afopw,  'occasion.' 
nal  and  manifest  cause  of  any  thing, 
sional  cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APHRO'DES,  'frothy,'  from  afpos,  'foam,' 
and  uios,  'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements. — Hippocrates. 

APHRODISIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 

APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiaeus,  from  Atye- 
btnft  'Venus.'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.  Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures  of  love;  as  ginger,  cantharides,  Ac 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 

APHRODISIACUS,  Venereal. 

APHRODISIASMUS,  Coition. 

APHRODISIOG'RAPHY,  from  Ae>o&  n»,  'Ve- 
nus,' and  ypafw,  'I  describe.'  Etymologically, 
this  term  means  a  description  of  the  pleasures  of 
lovo,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  a  work 
describing  the  venereal  disease. 

APHROG'ALA,  from  a<ppo<,  'foam,'  and  yak*, 
'milk.'  Lac  spumo'sum.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation.  ,** 

APHRONIA,  Apoplexy. 

APHRONITRUM,  Natrum,  Soda. 

APHROSYNE,  Delirium,  Insanity. 

APHTHA,  Aphta,  Aptha,  from  a*rw,  'I  in- 
flame.'  Thrush  or  sore  mouth.  Aphtha  lactu'ei- 
men,  A.  In/an' turn,  Lactu'cimen,  Lactucim'ina? 
AVcoUe,  Lactu'mina,  Em'phlysis  aphtha,  Ulcera 
serpen'tia  oris,  Pus'tula  oris,  Febris  aphtho,sa, 
Angi'na  aphtho'sa,  Vesic'ula  gingiva'rum,  Sto* 
mati'tU  exsudati'va,  S.  vesiculo'sa  in/an'  turn,  Sto- 
ma p'yr  a,  S.  aphtha,  PruneVla,  White  Thrush, 
Milk  Thrush,  Aphthae  consist  of  roundish,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicles,  confined  to  the  lips,  month, 
and  intestinal  canal,  and  generally  terminating 
in  curd-like  sloughs.  In  France,  the  Aphtha)  of 
children,  Aphthes  des  Enfans,  is  called  Muguet, 
Millet,  Blanchet,  Catarrhs  buccal  and  StomatiU 
crSmense  puUacie,  Pultaceous  inflammation  of 
the  Mouth ;  and  generally  receives  two  divisions 
— the  mild  or  discreet,  (F.)  Muguet  bSnin  ou  rft#- 
cret,  and  the  malignant,  (F.)  Muguet  malin  ou 
confluent,  the  Black  Thrush.  Common  Thrush  if 
a  disease  of  no  consequence,  requiring  merely 
the  use  of  absorbent  laxatives.  The  malignant 
variety,  which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  cha- 
racter, and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symp- 
toms,— Typhus  aphthoxdeus. 

Aphthae  Adultoruit,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — a. 
Prasputii,  Herpes  pneputii — a.  Serpen  tes,  Cancer 
aquaticus.  . 

APHTHE  GANQRENEUX,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

APHTHES  DES  ENFANS,  Aphtha*. 

APHTHEVX.  Aphthous. 

APHTHO'DES,  AphthoU  es,  Aphthotdeus,  from 
aphtha,  and  tiios, '  resemblance.'  Aphthous-like. 
Resembling  aphthae. 

APH'THOUS,  Aphtho'sus,  (F.)  Aphtheux.  Be- 
longing to  aphtha?;  complicated  with  aphtha?; 
as  Aphthous  Fever. 

APIASTRUM,  Melissa. 

APICES  (7RURUM  MEDTJLLJE  OBLON- 
GATA, Corpora  striata— a.  Digitorum,  Papula). 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

APIONTA,  see  Excretion. 


APIOS 


89 


APOLTSIA 


APIOS,  P  jrui 

APIS,  Bee. 

APFTE8,  from  attw,  *  a  pew.1    Perry.— Gor- 

TOUS. 

APIUM,  A.  graveolens — a.  Ammi,  Ammi — a. 
Anisum,  Pimpinella  animm — a.  Oarvi,  Caram. 

Apium  Graybolbns,  Apium  Paluda'piwm, 
Beli'num,  SeJeli  grawolene,  Stum  graveolene,  S. 
a'ptum,  SmaUage,  (F.)  Ache.  Nat.  Ord.  Um- 
bellifera.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
plants,  roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and  carmi- 
native.   Sclery  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apium  Hortskbb,  A.  graveolens — a.  Monta- 
num,  Athamanta  aureosebnum — a.  Paludapium, 
A*  Graveolens— a.  Petrmum,  Bnbon  Macedonioam. 

Apium  Pktboseu'hum,  Apium  Horten'%%  sea 
mdga'ri,  EUoeeli'ntm  (/),  Grielum,  PetroecW- 
mm,  Common  Par&iey,  (F.)  PertiL  The  root— 
Petroeelinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  are  dinretio 
and  aperient. 

Apium  Sium,  Sinm  nodiflorum— a.  Vulgare,  A. 
graveolens. 

APLAS'TIC,  Aplastic**,  from  a,  privative, 
and  fikaom*f *  I  form/  That  which  is  not  capable 
of  forming ;  that  which  does  not  serve  to  form, 
or  is  not  organisable. 

Aplastic  Elemknt;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organisation. — 
Gerber. 

APLESTIA,  Inglnvies,  Intemperance. 

APLBU'ROS,  from  «,  privative,  and  vAcm*, 
*a  rib.'  One  without  ribs. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
^PLOT'OMY,  Aplotom'ia,  from  arXoof,  'sim- 
ple? and  rtpvw,  'I  out'    A  simple  incision. 

APNEUSTIA,  Apncea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  *w»,  '  I  re- 
spire.' Anvhyx'ia,  Apneuftia.  Absence  of  re- 
spiration, Heepira'tto  abol'ita,  or  insensible  respi- 
ration.   Also,  Orthopnea, 

Apxosa  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymioum. 

APN(BA8PHYXIA,  Asphyxia, 

APNUS,  awvoos,  same  etymon.  One  devoid  of 
respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors  to 
eases  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended. — Caetelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always  ap- 
plied to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  ano,  a  prefix  denoting  'from,  of,  off,  oat,' 
Hence — 

APO  B  A  MM  A,  Embamma. 

APOBAINON,  Bventus. 

APOBESOMENON,  Bventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Desth. 

APOBLEMA,  Abortion. 

APOBOLB,  Abortion. 

APOBRASMA,  Furfur. 

AP0CAPNI8MUS,  Fumigation. 

AP00ATA8TASIS,  Considentia,  Restauratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic 

APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma. 

APOCENO'SIS,  Aposceno'rit,  from  aw,  'out/ 
and  Kamw,  '  evacuation/  A  partial  evacuation, 
according  to  some,  in  opposition  to  Cenosis,  which 
signifies  a  general  evacuation. — Cullen  and  Swe- 
diaur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 

Apocenosis,  Abevacuatio — a.  Diabetes  melli- 
tos,  Diabetes— a.  Ptyalismus  mellitus,  see  Saliva- 
tion— a.  Vomitus  pyrosis,  Pyrosis. 

APOCHOREON,  Excrement 

APOCHREMMA,  Sputum. 

APOCHR%MPSIS,  ExspuitioiL 

APOCH'YMA,  from  a*ox**,  '  I  pour  out'  A 
sort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships,  which  is  im- 
pregnated with  chloride  of  sodium.  It  was  used 
as  a  disoutient  of  tumours.  —  Ae'tins,  Paulas, 


APOCIN  GOBE-MOUCHB,  Apoeynmm  «• 
drosssmifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apagma. 

APOCLEISIS,  Asitia,  Disgust 

APOCOPE,  from  m,  and  nrrur,  'to  cut' 
Abscission.  A  wound  with  loss  of  substance* 
Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  a  bone.  Amputa- 
tion. 

APOCOPTJS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apocrxme'tica  sen  Apoentf- 
Hea,  {remed'ia,)  from  «*#,  'out,'  and  **om*  'I 
push.'    An  astringent  and  repellent — Galen  us. 

APOCRUSTICA,  Apocroustic. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOC'YNUM  ANDROS^MIFO'LIUM,from 
awo,  and  rvmv,  'a  dog,'  because  esteemed,  of  old, 
to  bo  fatal  to  dogs.  Dog'o  Bane,  Bitter  Dog9* 
Bane,  Milkweed,  BiUerro&t,  Honeybloom,  Catck- 
Jiy,  Flytrap,  Ip'ccac,  (F.)  Apocin  gobe-mouche, 
A.  aster.  Nat.  Ord.  Apocynesd.  Sex.  Syet.  Pent- 
andria Digynir .  The  root  of  this  plant  is  found 
from  Canada  to  Carolina.  Thirty  grains  evacu- 
ate the  stomach  as  effectually  as  two-thirds  of 
the  amount  of  Ipecacuanha,  by  which  name  it  is 
known  in  various  parts  of  the  eastern  states.  It 
is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States. 

Apoo"tnum  CAirirAB'nrnr,  Indian  Hemp.  This 
American  plant  possesses  emetic,  cathartic,  dia- 
phoretio  and  diuretic  properties,  and  has  been 
strongly  recommended  in  dropsy.  It  has  been 
given  in  decoction,  —  gU  of  the  root  boiled  in 
three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A.  wine-glassful  for 
a  dose. 

Apocnnnf  'Norm  Axqlim  Himsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa — a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa— a. 
Scandens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  Dclackrymati'vue,  from 
are,  '  from/  and  iagpv*,  '  I  weep.  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and  then 
to  arrest  them. — Columella,  Pliny,  Galenas. 

APODEMIALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

APOD'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  swc,  'a  foot' 
Want  of  feet ;  hence  Apoue  or  Apue,  one  who  has 
no  feet 

APODYTE'RIUM,  Coniete'rium,  Spoliate', 
rium,  Spoliafrium,  from  aw&v*,  'I  strip  off.'  The 
ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped  themselves 
in  the  ancient  gymnasia. 

APOGALACTISMUS,  Weaning. 

APOGALACTOS,  Bxnber. 

APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 

APOGEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

APOGLAUCOSIS,  Glauoosis. 

APOGON,  Imberbis. 

APOG'ONUM,  from  ore,  and  yiv*p<u,  'I  exist' 
A  living  foetus  in  utero. — Hippoorates. 

APOLEPISIB,  Desquamation. 

APOLEPISMUS,  Desquamation. 

APOLEP'SIS,  Apoltp'tia,  Apolip'eU,  from 
anpXaftfiavut,  'I  retain.  Retention,  suppression. 
— Hippocrates.    Asphyxia* 

APOLEX'IS,  from  atoXnym,  'I  cease.'  Old 
age,  decrepitude. 

APOLINO'SIS,  from  awo,  and  Xiww,  'a  flaxen 
thread.'  The  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
ano,  by  means  of  a  thread  of  Homolinon  or  Linum 
erudum. — Hippocrates,  Paulus. 

APOLIPS1S,  Apolepsis. 

APOLLINARIS  ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamns 

APOLUTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

APOLYS'IA,  Apol'yeU,  from awolxm,  'I  loosen.' 
Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of  the  limbs  or 
looseness  of  bandages. — Erotian.  Expulsion  of 
the  foetus  and  its  dependencies.  Termination  Of 
a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 


APOMATHEMA 


90 


APOPLEXIA 


APOMATHE'MA,  Apomathe'sis,  from  am,  and 
mavSavu,  'I  learn.'  Forgetfulness  of  things  taught. 
—Hippocrates. 

APOM'ELI,  from  aro,  'of/  and  ptXi,  'honey.-' 
An  oxymel  or  decoction  made  of  honey. — Galen, 
Ac  this,  Paulus,  Ac. 
APOMEXIS,  Munctio. 

APOMYLE'NAS,  from  avopvMaivu,  'I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  forwards, 
pressing  them  against  eaeh  other.  Occasionally 
a  symptom  of  norvous  fever. — Galen,  Erotian. 

APOMYTHO'SIS,  from  airo/wro*,  'I  snore.' 
A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — Sauvages, 
Sagar. 
APOMYXIA,  Nasal  mucus. 
APONEUROG'RAPHY,  Aponeurogra'phia, 
from  avovivpuciSf  an  'aponeurosis,'  and  yoaipn, 
'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 
roses. 

A  P  0  N  E  U  R  0  L'O  G  Y,  Aponettrolog"ia, from 
anovtvpuKJis,  '  an  aponeurosis.'  and  \oyot,  '  a  dis- 
course.' Aponeurosiol'ogy.    The  anatomy  of  the 
aponeuroses. 
APONEUROSIOLOGY,  Aponeurology. 

APONEUROSIS,  Aponevro'sis,  from  ano, 
*  from,'  and  vivpov,  '  a  nerve.'  Pronerva'tio,  De- 
nerva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Expan'sio  nervosa,  (F.) 
Aponeurose,  Aponivrose.  The  ancients  called 
every  white  part  vivpov,  and  regarded  the  Apo- 
neurosis, as  a  nervous  expansion.  The  Aponeu- 
roses are  white,  Bhining  membranes,  very  resist- 
ing, and  composed  of  fibres  interlaced.  Some 
are  continuous  with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  differ 
only  from  tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are 
called  Aponeurosis  of  insertion,  (F.)  AponSvroses 
d1  insertion,  when  they  are  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles,  and  attach  them  to  the  bone ; — Aponeu- 
roses of  intersection,  (F.)  Aponivroses  d' intersec- 
tion, if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  mus- 
cle, and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with  mus- 
cular fibres.  Others  surround  the  muscle,  and 
prevent  its  displacement :  they  are  called  envelop- 
ing Aponeuroses,  (V.)  AponSvroses  d'cnveloppe. 

Aponeurosis,  Fascia — a.  Crural,  Fascia  lata — 
a.  Femoral,  Fascia  lata — a.  Iliac,  Fascia  iliaca. 
1      APONEUROSITIS,    from   aponeurosis,    and 
itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'    Inflammation  of 
an  aponeurosis. 

APONEUROTIC,  Aponeurot'icus.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses : — thus,  wo  say  Aponeurotic 
expansion,  Aponeurotic  muscle,  Ac 

APONEUROT'OMY,    Aponeurotom'ia,    from 
, awovivpucis,   'aponeurosis,'  and  rqiw,   'I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 

Aponeurotomy  has,  also,  been  proposed  for  the 
division,  (debridement)  of  filaments,  Ac,  in  apo- 
neurotic openings,  and  for  the  section  of  fascia?. 

APONEVROSE  P^DIEUSE,  see  Pedal 
Aponeurosis— cu  Superfieielle  de  V Abdomen  et  de 
la  Ouisse,  Fascia  snperfioialis. 

APONEVROSIS,  Aponeurosis. 

APON'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  wows,  'pain.' 
Freedom  from  pain. 

APONIPSIS,  Ablution. 

APQPALLE'SIS,  ApopaVsis,  from  airoiraXXu, 
'I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion. — Hippo- 
crates.   Also,  Abortion. 

APOPATE'MA,  Apop'aihos,  Apop'atus.  The 
excrement,  and  the  place  where  it  is  deposited. — 
Diosoorides,  Erotian. 

APOPEDASIS,  Luxation. 

APOPHLEGMATISANS  PER  NARES,  Er- 
rhice— a.  per  Os,  Sialogogue. 

APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA,  Apophlegmati- 
son'ta,  ApophUgmatis'mi,  from  aro,  'out,'  and 
fXry/ta, '  phlegm.'  Medicines  which  facilitate  the 
upward  expulsion  of  mucus  from  the  mucous 


membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  passages;  as 
gargles,  masticatories,  Ac. 

APOPHLEG'MATISM,  Apophlegmatii'mv: 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 

APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 

APOPH'RADES,  from  awofpas,  'unlucky.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  unlucky  days,  (dies  ne- 
fandi.)  Days  on  which  a  favourable  change 
is  not  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

APOPHRAXIS,  Amenorrhea. 

APOPHTHAR'MA,  Apoph'thora,  from  aro, 
and  <p$tteu,  '  I  corrupt'  Abortion,  as  well  as  a 
medicine  to  procure  abortion. 

APOPHTHORA,  Abortion. 

APOPIITHORIUS,  Abortive. 

APOPHY'ADES,  from  awo,  'from,'  and  $vm, 
'I  spring.'  The  ramifications  of  veins  and  arte- 
ries.— H  ippocrates. 

APOPHYSE  BASILAIRE,  Basilary  process 
— a.  Engainante  ou  vaginale,  Vaginal  process- 
es Pyramidale,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  a.  P£tri*t 
see  Temporal  Bone. 

APOPHYSES  EPINEUSES,  Spinous  pro- 
cesses  of  the  vertebras. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  aw,  'from,'  and  *v»,  'I 
rise,'  Ec'physis,  Processus,  Appendix,  A  process 
of  a  bone,  Prominentia  ossis  cotttin'ua.  When 
the  apophysis  is  yet  separated  from  the  body  of 
the  bone  by  intervening  cartilage,  it  is  called 
Epiphysis.  The  apophyses  or  processes  are,  at 
times,  distinguished  by  epithets,  expressive  of 
their  form :  as  A.  styloid,  A.  eoracoid,  Ac.  Others 
are  not  preceded  by  the  word  apophysis ;  as  Tro- 
chanter, Tuberosity,  Ac. 

Apoph'ysis  of  Ingrab'bias  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Apophysis  op  Rau,  Grile  apophyse  du  Mar* 
teau :  see  Malleus. 

Apophysis  Zygoxatica,  Zygomatic  prooess. 

APOPIES'MA,  from  a*owu£ui,  'I  compress.' 
Hippocrates  uses  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours  by  the 
application  of  bandages  in  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. 

APOPLANESIS,  Error  loci. 

APOPLECTIC,  Apoplec'ticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.  This  word  has  various  significations. 
It  is  applied,  1.  To  individuals  labouring  under 
apoplexy :  2.  To  remedies  proper  for  combating 
apoplexy:  3.  To  the  constitution,  temperament, 
or  make,  Architectu'ra  apoplec'tica,  Hab'Uus 
apoplec'ticus,  which  predisposes  to  it,  and,  4.  To 
the  symptoms  which  characterize  apoplexy;  as 
Apoplectic  sleep,  A.  stroke,  A.  stcrtor,  Ac  The 
jugular  veins  have  also,  by  some,  been  called 
Apoplectic  veins,  Vena  apoplec'tica. 
APOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic,  Apoplectic 
Apoplectic  Cell.  A  cavity  remaining  in  the 
encephalon,  after  the  effusion  of  blood  and  its 
subsequent  absorption. 

APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy— a.  Catalepsia,  Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Cerebralis,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Cerebri, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Cordis,  Hcemocardiorrhagia— 
a.  Hydrocephalics,  Hydrocephalus  internus — a. 
Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia — a.  Medullaris,  Apo- 
plexia  myelitica — a.  Meningaea,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal. 

Apoplexia  Myelit'ica;  A.  Mcdulla'ris,  A. 
Spina' lis,  A.  Rachia'lis,  Hamor'rhachis,  Myclor- 
rkag"ia,  Myclapoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie  de  la 
Motile  ipinUre,  H&morrhagie  de  la  Motile  fpini- 
Ire,  Himato-myilie,  Htmo-myelorrhagie,  H6'ma- 
torrhachis.  Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  marrow. 
Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous — a. 
Nervosa  traumatica,  Concussion  of  the  brain — a. 
Pituitosa,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Pulmonalis,  see  Hsb- 
moptysis  —  a.  Pulmonum,  see  Htemoptysis  —  *> 


APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRB 


91 


AP08TBRIGMA 


Renalis,  Apoplexy,  renal — a.  Raohialis,  A.  mye- 
litic*—  a.  Sanguines,  see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Serosa, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Simplex,  Apoplexy,  nervous — 
a.  Spasmodioa,  Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a.  Spinalis, 
Apoplexia  myeliUea — a.  Temulenta,  see  Temu- 
lentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRE,  MoUities  ce- 
rebri— a,  Ciribrale,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhagic  eirS- 
braU. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROTANTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
is  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MENINQJSE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal—  a.  De  la  Moille  Epinttre,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplex'ia,  from  amXi/rruv, 
'to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  present  day, 
the  term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many  writers 
to  signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  Himor- 
rhagie  interetitielle,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  oocurs  suddenly  into  the  substance  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  Ac  Ac.  For- 
merly it  was  always  —  and  still  is  by  many  — 
used  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  signify,  in  other 
words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which  cha- 
racterize cerebral  apoplexy.  This  disease,  Ha- 
morrha'gia  Cerebri,  Aphro'nia,  Carve  Apoplex'ia, 
Coma  Apoplex'ia,  Apoplex'ia  eer'ebri  eanguin'ea, 
A.  cerebra'lie,  Encephalorrhag"ia,  San'guinie 
ictus,  Hamatenceph'alum,  Pulpez'ia,  Sidera'tio, 
ApiUpJia,  Morbus  atton'itus,  Gutta,  Theople'gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie,  A.  etribrale,  Hima- 
toeneephalie,  Coup  de  tang,  is  characterized  by 
diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental  ma- 
nifestation ;  by  the  cessation,  more  or  less  com- 
plete, of  motion ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — cir- 
culation and  respiration  continuing.  It  generally 
consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain ;  either  from 
tnrgescence  of  vessels,  or  from  extravasation  of 
blood :  hence  the  terms  Hamenceph'alus,  Hemor- 
rhagic cirtbrale,  and  HSmoencephalorrhagie,  ap- 
plied to  it  by  some.  The  general  prognosis  is 
unfavourable ;  especially  when  it  occurs  after  the 
age  of  35.  When  Apoplexy  is  accompanied  with 
a  hard,  full  pulse,  and  flushed  countenance,  it  is 
called  Apoplexia  eanguin'ea,  Cataph'ora  coma; 
when  with  a  feeble  pulse  and  pale  countenance, 
and  evidences  of  serous  effusion,  Apoplex'ia  se- 
ro'da,  A.  pituito'sa,  Serous  Apoplexy,  Cataph'ora 
hydroeephal'iea,  Eneephaloeh'ysis  seni'lis,  Hydro- 
ceph'alut  aeu'tus  senum,  Hydroinccphalorrhte, 
(Piorry),  Hydropisie  ceribraU  suraigui,  Hydror- 
rhagie. 

In  Nervoua  Apoplexy,  Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  seu 
tpasmod'ica,  A,  •implex,  Simple  apoplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perdeptible  on  dissection, 
although  the  patient  may  have  died  under  all  the 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy  or  the  Heart,  Hsemocardior- 
rhagia. 

Apoplexy,  Mehitcgb'al,  Apoplex'ia  menin- 
ge'a,  (F.)  Apoplexie  miningte,  Himorrhagie  mt- 
mngie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow,  generally  into  the  great 
cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplbxt,  Nervous,  see  Apoplexy —  a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Haemoptysis — a.  Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apoplexy,  Rexal,  Apoplex'ia  rena'lis.  A 
condition  of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tubercnlated  eminences,  some  of  a  deep 
black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  kidney. 

Apoplexy,  Serous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Spinal, 
Apoplexia  myelitica. 

APOPNEUSIS,  Exhalatio. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation. 


APOPNOE,  Exspiratio. 

APOPNCEA,  Exspiratio. 

APOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  amnwrw,  'I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHOE,  Aporrheea. 

APORRHCE'A,  Apor'rhoi,  Apor'rhysis,  Deftu'- 
vium,  from  avopctu,  *I  flow  from.'  An  emana- 
tion, effluvium,  contagion. — Moschion.  A  falling 
off  of  the  hair,  according  to  some. 

AP0RRHYSI8,  Aporrho&a. 

APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'sis,  from  axeernxm. 
'  I  lie  down,  I  direct  myself  towards.'  Afflux  of 
fluids  towards  a  part  Metastasis.  The  first 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  excrements. — Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 

APOSCENOSIS,  Apocenosis. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Deaseia'tio,  from  m 
and  ettxapvov,  'a  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the  cra- 
nium, by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a  piece 
of  the  bone  has  been  out  out,  as  with  a  hatchet. 
— Gome  us. 

APOSCEPSIS,  Aposcemma. 

APOS'CHASIS,  ApoeehaJmue,  from  a*a»Ya{», 
'I  scarify.'  Searifica'tion.  A  slight  superficial 
incision  in  the  skin.  Also,  blood-letting. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

APOS'IA,  Situ  de/ee'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  wovis,  *  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  are,  <  from,'  and  vires,  *  food.' 
Aversion  for  food. — Galen.     See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,^/>o«V«eti#/  the  same  etymology. 
Any  substance  which  destroys  the  appetite,  or 
suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  atom*,  'I  tear  or  lace- 
rate.' (F.)  Arrachement.  A  solution  of  conti- 
nuity, especially  of  a  ligament;  Rhegma  liga* 
menta'ri,  Laeera'tio  ligamenta'ria. 

APOSPHACEL'ISIS,  Aposphaeelis'mut,  from 
awe,  and  <r^a«Aof,  'mortification.'  Gangrene  in 
wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the  bandages 
being  too  tight — Hippocrates. 

APOSPHINX'IS,  awoffftyfo,  constriction, 
compression.  The  action  of  a  tight  bandage.— 
Hippocrates. 

APOSPONGIS'MTJS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose. — Gomeus. 

APOSTALAG'MA,  Apostag'ma,  from  ewe, 
'from,'  and  wraXafa,  'I drop.'  The  ancient  name 
for  the  saccharine  liquor  which  flows  from  grapes 
when  not  yet  pressed. 

APOS'TASIS,  from  ro,  and  tempt,  'I  stop.9 
The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 
word.  It  was  most  commonly  used  for  an  ab- 
scess. The  separation  of  a  fragment  of  bone  by 
fracture.  Removal  of  disease  by  some  excre- 
tion, Ac. 

APOSTAX'IS,  from  awoerafm,  <I  distil  from.' 
Staxis.  The  defluxion  of  any  humour,  as  of 
blood  from  the  nose. — Hippocrates. 

APOSTE'MA,  from  awo,  'from,'  and  i«rif/u,  'I 
settle,'  or  from  afierniti,  'I  recede  from.'  This 
word  is  used  by  the  ancients  somewhat  vaguely. 
It  meant  an  affection  in  which  parts,  previously 
in  contact,  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
fluid  collected  between  them.  The  moderns  re- 
gard it  as  synonymous  with  Abeeeee.  Some,  even 
of  the  moderns,  have  applied  it  to  any  watery 
tumour,  and  even  to  tumours  in  general. 

Apostem a  Cerebri,  Enoephalopyosis — a.  Em- 
pyema, Empyema— a.  Parulis,  Parulis— a.  Pha- 
langum,  Fourehe — a.  Psoaticum,  Lumbar  abscess* 

APOSTERIG'MA,  from  a-xo<mjpi$«,  <I  sup. 
port'  Any  thing  that  supports  a  diseased  part, 
as  a  cushion,  a  pillow,  Ac. — Galen.  A  deep. 
seated  and  inveterate  disease  of  the  intestines*— 
Hippocrates. 


APOSTHIA 


92 


APPENDIX 


APOS'THIA,  Leipoder'mia,  from  a  privative, 
and  rocQia,  '  prepuce.'    Want  of  prepuce. 

APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUENT'UM,  Dodeca- 
phartmaeum,  Ointment  of  the  Apostle*.  So  called, 
because  as  many  solid  ingredients  entered  into 
its  composition  as  there  were  apostles.  It  con- 
tained several  resins  and  gam-resins,  yellow  wax, 
oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  Ac,  and  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  vulnerary. 

APOS'TROPHE,  from  awo,  and  <rrpt<pu>,  'I 
turn.'  An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Paulas. 
Also,  the  direction  of  humours  towards  other  parts. 

APOSYRMA,  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 

APOTELES'MA,  from  axo,  and  rcXecr/ia,  'com. 
pletion/  The  result  or  termination  of  a  disease. 
See,  also,  Amuletum. 

APOTHANASIA,  see  Death. 

APOTHE' Gk,Pharmace'um,PKarmacopo*li*m, 
from  avo,  and  nBrifn,  *  to  place/  Any  place  where 
things  are  kept,  and  therefore  'a  shop/  and  par- 
ticularly a  wine  cellar.  A  place  or  vessel  wherein 
medicines  are  kept.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL.  The  Hall  of  the 
Corporation  or  Sooiety  of  Apothecaries  of  Lon- 
don, where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  Ac.  This  Company  ob- 
tained a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  15th  year 
of  James  the  First  No  general  practitioner  can 
establish  himself  in  England  or  Wales,  without 
having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Court  of  Ex- 
aminer* of  the  Company. 

APOTH'ECARY,  Apoiheea'ritu,  Bispenea'tor, 
Pharmacvpo'la,  Pigmenta'riue,  Pharmacopoe'ue, 
Pharma'ceua,  Pharmaceu'ta,  Rhixot'omue,  My- 
ropo'lee,  Myropo'lue,  Pharmacter,  Pharmacur'- 
gicue,  Pharmacur'gus,  Pharmaceu'tist,  same  deri- 
vation, (P.)  Apothicaire,  Pharmacien,  Pharma- 
eopole.  In  every  country  except  Great  Britain, 
it  means  one  who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  prescrip- 
tions, Ac.  In  addition  to  these  offices,  which, 
indeed,  they  rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  case 
of  their  own  patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  Eng- 
land form  a  privileged  class  of  practitioners— a 
kind  of  sub-physician. 

APOTHERAPEI'A,  Apotherapi'a,  Apothera- 
peu'sis,  from  aro&paircvw,  (asr©  and  deparevw,)  'I 
cure/  A  perfect  cure. — Hippoo.  In  the  ancient 
Gymnastics,  it  meant  the  last  part  of  the  exer- 
cises : — the  friction,  inunction,  and  bathing,  for 
the  purpose  of  obviating  fatigue,  or  curing  dis- 
ease.— Galen,  Gorrseus. 

APOTHERAPEUSIS,  Apotherapela. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  airo,  and  Sep^,  'neat' 
A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and  vinegar. — 
Galen. 

APOTH'BSIS,  from  mron^i,  'I  replace/ 
The  position  proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHICAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHICAIRERIE,  (P.)  from  a*o$n*n,  'a 
warehouse,  shop/  The  same  as  Apotheca;  also, 
a  gallipot 

APOTHLIM'MA,  from  airo,  and  $A«/to,  'I 
press  from/  Anciently,  the  dregs,  and  some- 
times the  expressed  juice,  Succus  expres'sus,  of 
plants. — Gorrseus. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  mrotyavu,  'I  break/ 
Fracture  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining.  Ex- 
traction of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorrseus.  Also, 
Abscission. 

APOTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  airo,  and  mcrm,  'I  bring 
forth/    An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocrates. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTOMIA,  Amputation. 

APOTROPAUM,  Amuletum. 

APOTROPE,  Aversion.  Also,  deviation— as 
•f  a  limb— Parat'ropfc 


APOXYSMTJS,  Abrasion. 

APOZEM,  Decoction. 

APOZESIS,  Decoction. 

APPARA'TUS,  Parasceu'l,  from  ad  and  pa- 
rare,  'to  prepare/  This  word  signifies  a  collec- 
tion of  instruments,  Ac,  for  any  operation  what- 
ever.    (F.)  Appareil. 

In  surgery,  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  necessary 
for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  extension,  the 
French  give  the  name  Appareil,  Oapsa  chirur'- 
gica,  to  the  case  or  drawers  in  which  the  appara- 
tus is  arranged. 

Apparatus  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
different  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone. — See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Physiology,  Apparatus  (Appareil)  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which  work 
towards  the  same  end.  A  system  of  organ*  com- 
prehends all  those  formed  of  a  similar  texture. 
An  apparatus  often  comprehends  organs  of  very 
different  nature.  In  the  former,  there  is  analogy 
of  structure ;  in  the  latter^  analogy  of  function. 

Apparatus  Altus,  see  Lithotomy. 

Apparatus  Immov'able,  (F.)  Appareil  immo- 
bile, Immovable  Bandage,  Permanent  Bandage* 
An  apparatus  for  fractures,  whioh  is  generally 
formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some  sub- 
stance, as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes  solid, 
and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  a. 
Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Lithotomy. 

APPAREIL,  Apparatus,  Bottier — a.  Grand, 
see  Lithotomy — a.  Haut,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Im- 
mobile, Apparatus,  immovable — a.  Lateralist,  see 
Lithotomy  —  a.  Petit,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Pig- 
mental, Pigmental  apparatus. 

APPAREILS  BE  FORMATION,  (F.)  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres,*  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral  pe- 
duncles to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
what  he  calls  appareile  deformation:  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolutions 
to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting  what  he 
calls  appareile  de  reunion.  The  first,  as  a  whole, 
form  the  organs  of  the  mental  faculties :  the  latter 
are  commissures,  whioh  unite  parte  of  the  organ 
that  are  double  and  in  pairs. 

APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 

APPENBICE,  Appendix— a.  Cacal,  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  cseci — a.  Digital,  Appendix  ver- 
miformis  cseci  —  a.  Soue-aternale,  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage—  a.  Sue-sphenoidale  du  cerveau,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  XiphoXde,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

Appendices  Coli  Adiposjg,  Appendioulse  epi- 
ploicse — Epiplolquee,  Appendicular  epiploicse. 

APPENDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland 
—  a.  Vermiformis  cseci,  see  Appendix  —  a.  Epi. 
ploica,  Epiploic  appendage. 

APPENDIC'ULJE  PINGUEDINO'SJE^y- 
loic  appendages,  Appendic'ula  Epiplo'ica,  Ap- 
pendices coli  adipo'ew,  Omen' tula,  (F.)  Appen- 
dices Epipldlquee.  Prolongations  of  the  peri- 
toneum beyond  the  surface  of  the  great  intestine, 
which  are  analogous  in  texture  and  arrangement 
to  omenta. 

APPEN'DIX,  Epiph'vtu,  from  appendere,  (ad 
Uk&pendere,  'to  hang,1)  'to  hang  from/  Any 
part  that  adheres  to  an  organ  or  is  continuous 
with  it : — seeming  as  if  added  to  it  An  append- 
age; an  apophysis,  (F.)  Appendiee,  Annexe. 

Appendix  Auricula,  see  Auricles  of  the 
Heart 

Appendix  sCerebri,  Pituitary  gland  —  a.  ad 
Cerebrum,  Cerebellum — a.  Cutanea  Septi  Narium, 
Statica  Scpti  Narium — a.  to  the  Epididymis,  Va*> 
culum  aberrans — a.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 

Appendix  Vermifor'mis,  Apptndi&ula  Ver- 


APPENSIO 


to 


AQUA 


mifor'mis  Oa'ch  Tubus  Vermieula'ri*  Cad,  Ec'- 
phyas,  Additamen'tum  (hit,  Appen'dix  Ca'ci,  (F.) 
Appendiee  vermiform*,  A.  ccccal  ou  digital.  A 
vermicular  process,  the  size  of  a  goose-quill, 
which  hangs  from  the  intestine  caecum.  Its  Amo- 
tions are  unknown. 

APPENSIO,  see  Analeptic 

AP'PETENCE,  Appeten'tia,  from  appetere,  (ad 
and  petere,)  'to  desire.'  An  ardent,  passionate 
desire  for  any  object 

APPETIT,  PERTE  &,  Anorexia.        I 

AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appeten'tia,  Appeti"- 
tia,  (ad  and  petere,)  '  to  seek,'  Cupi'do,  Orex'is, 
Ormi :  same  etymology  as  the  last.  An  internal 
sensation,  which  warns  us  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
erting certain  Amotions,  especially  those  of  diges- 
tion and  generation.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called 
venereal  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  vinirien:  in  the1 
former,  simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appeti- 
Hon.  If  the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real 
want,  be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called 
hunger,  when  solid  food  is  concerned ;  thirst,  when 
liquid.  Appetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously:  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want  Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire :  it  cannot  be  provoked,  like 
the  appetite.  It  is  always  allayed  by  eating :  but 
not  so  the  appetite ;  for,  at  times,  it  may  be  ex- 
cited in  this  manner.  They  are  very  generally, 
however,  used  synonymously. 

Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 

Ap'pettte,  Vectorial,  Venereal  desire,  (F.) 
Le  aSnisique,  Amour  physique.  The  instinctive 
feeling  that  attracts  tho  sexes  towards  each  other 
to  effect  the  work  of  reproduction. 

APPETITUS  CANINUS,  Boulimia— a.Defl- 
eiens,  Dysorexia. 

APPLE,  ADAM'S,  Pomum  Adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cucumis  colocynthis  —  a.  Curassoa,  Aurantinm 
curassaventium  —  a.  Eye,  see  Melon  —  a.  May, 
Podophyllum  peitatum — a.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

Apple  Tea.,  Apple  water.  Slice  two  large,  not 
over-ripe  apples,  and  pour  over  a  pint  of  boiling 
voter.  After  an  hour,  pour  off  the  fluid,  and,  if 
necessary,  sweeten  with  sugar. 

Apple  Tree,  Pyrus  mains. 

APPLICA'TA,from  applieare,  (advndplieare, 
'to  fold/)  'to  apply.'  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  as  clothes,  oosmetios,  baths,  Ac 
— Halle\ 

APPLICATION,  Applioaftio,  (same  etymon,) 
in  a  moral  signification,  is  synonymous  with  At- 
tention. Also,  the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to 
another ;  as  the  application  of  an  apparatus,  of 
a  bandage,  blister,  Ac. 

APPREHEN'SIO,  from  ad  and  prehendere, 
'to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy  or  oatoche.  —  Paul 
Zacehias.  A  kind  of  bandage  for  securing  any 
part    Also,  a  therapeutical  indication. 

APP ROCHE,  Coition. 

APPROXIMATION,  Approxima'tio,  from  ad 
and  proximus,  'nearest'  Ettmuller  gave  this 
name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  disease, 
by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate  contact 

APRAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  vpaeow, '  I  act' 
Without  action.  An  epithet  for  the  parts  of  ge- 
neration, when  unfit  for  copulation  or  generation. 

APRICATIO,  Insolation. 

APRICOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

APROCTUS,  see  Atretus. 

APROSO'PIA,  TrioeephaVia,  from  a,  priv., 
and  wpoounrov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation,  which 
amiists  in  the  face  being  deficient 


APROSOPITS,  Mloreprosopus. 

APSINTHIA'TUM,  from  agistor-,  'worm- 
wood.'  A  sort  of  drink  made  of  wormwood. 
— Aetius. 

APSINTHITES,  Absinthitei. 

APSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APSYXIA,  Syncope. 

APTHA,  AphthsB. 

APTYS'TOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  mm,  'I  spit 
Devoid  of  expectoration.  An  epithet  given  U 
certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  is  no  expectora- 
tion.— Hippocrates. 

APT7S,  see  Apodia. 

APY'ETOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  »•*,  'pus.'  An 
external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in  suppu- 
ration. 

APYTQUE,  Apyos. 

AP'YOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  tnov,  'pus,'  (F.) 
Apyique.    That  which  does  not  afford  pus. 

APYRECTIC,  Apyretic. 

APYRENOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Apyreticus,  Apyreeftic,  Apyree1- 
Hens,  Apyr'etus,  from  «,  priv.,  and  wvc,  'Are, 
fever.'  Without  fever.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
days  in  which  there  is  no  paroxysm  of  a  disease, 
as  in  the  ease  of  an  intermittent*  as  well  as  to 
some  local  affections  which  do  not  induce  fever. 
Urticaria  is  sometimes  called  an  apyretic  ckm> 
them. 

APYREX'IA.  The  same  etymology.  Absence 
of  fever;  Dialem'ma,  Dialeip'sis,  Dialip'sis, 
Tempus  intercala'ri,  Interval'lum,  Intermis'sio. 
Apyrexia  is  the  condition  of  An  intermittent 
fever  between  the  paroxysms:  the  duration  of 
the  apyrexia,  consequently,  depends  on  the  type 
of  the  intermittent  Occasionally,  the  term  has 
been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the  febrile  con- 
dition in  acute  diseases. 

APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'U,  from  a,  priv., 
mpnw, '  a  nut,'  and  jnyAij,  '  a  sound.'  A  sound  or 
probe,  without  a  hutton  or  nut  It  is  the  MeWtis, 
Speeil'lum  auricula' rium  or  Auricular  sound  of 
Galon. 

AQUA,  Urine,  Water — a.  Acidi  carbonic!, 
Acidulous  water  —  a.  Acidula  hydrosulphurata, 
Naples  water  (factitious)  —  a.  Aeris  fixi.  Acidu- 
lous water  (simple)  —  a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatica, 
Eau  de  Javelle — a.  Aluminis  compositus,  Liquor, 
a.  o. — a.  Aluminosa  Bateana,  Liq.  aluminis  com- 
positus— a.  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammonias— a.  Aee- 
tatis  ammonite,  Liquor  ammonia  acetatis  —  a. 
Ammoniaa  oarbonatis,  Liquor  ammonias  subcar- 
bonatis — a.  Ammonia  caustica,  Liquor  ammonias 
— a.  Amnii,  Liquor  Amnii. 

Aqua.  Amygdala/rum  Concehtra'ta,  (P.) 
Eau  d'Amande*  ameres,  Water  of  bitter  almonds. 
Made  by  bruising  well  two  pounds  of  bitter  aU 
monds;  adding,  whilst  triturating,  ten  pounds 
of  spring  water,  and  four  pounds  of  alcohol/  let- 
ting the  mixture  rest  in  a  well-closed  vessel,  and 
then  distilling  two  pounds.  Used  instead  of  the 
Aqua  Laurooerasi,  and  the  Hydrocyanic  acid. 

An  Aqua  amyg'dala  ama'ra,  Bitter  Almond 
toater,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  (01  amygdal.  amar. 
ITlxvj.;  Jfagnes.  Carbon.  3J.;  Aqua  Ojj.) 

Aqua  Ahibi  Fortib,  Spiritus  anisi — a.  Aquis- 
granensis,  see  Aix-la-Chapelle  —  a.  Auditoria, 
Cotunnius,  Liquor  of— a.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium — a.  Asotica  oxygenata,  Aqua  nitrogenii 
protoxydi  —  a.  Balsamica  arterialis,  Aqua  Bi- 
nellii — a.  Bareginensis,  Bareges  water — a.  Barytas 
Muriatis,  see  Baryta,  muriate  of— a.  Bellilucana, 
Balaruo  waters — a.  Benediota,  Liquor  calcis — a. 
Benedicta  composite*,  Liquor  calcis  compositus— 
a.  Benediota  Rulandi,  Vinum  antimon*  tartar!- 
iati. 

Aqua  Bdce'llii,  Aequo  Binellu  A.  Monter—U 


AQUiB  ACIDUL^E 


U 


AQUJBDUCTUS 


Aqua  Balaam* 'tea  arteria'lia,  (F.)  Eau  de  Binelli, 
Eau  de  Monteroeei.  A  celebrated  Italian  haemo- 
static, invented  by  one  Binelli.  Its  composition 
is  unknown,  but  its  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to 
oreasote ;  although  there  is  reason  for  believing 
it  to  possess  no  more  activity  than  cold  water. 

Aqua  Brocchie'rHi,  Acqua  Brocchieri,  Broc- 
ehieri  water,  (F.)  Eau  de  Brocchieri,  Eau  atyp- 
tique  de  Brocchieri,  A  supposed  styptic,  which 
made  much  noise  at  Paris  at  one  time.  It  is  de- 
void of  efficacy.  Dr.  Paris  found  nothing  in  it 
but  water  perfumed  by  some  vegetable  essence. 

Aqua  Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Bristoliensis,  Bristol  water — 
a.  Caloarias  ustas,  Liquor  calcis — a.  Calcis,  Liquor 
calcis — a.  Calcis  oomposita,  Liquor  calcis  compo- 
situs —  a.  Camphora,  Mistura  camphora  —  a. 
Camphorato,  Bates's,  see  Cupri  sulphas — a.  Car- 
bonatis  sodas  acidula,  Acidulous  water,  simple  — 
a.  Catapultarum,  Arquebuaade,  eau  <tf — a.  Chlo- 
rini,  see  Chlorine. 

Aqua  Cinnamo'mi,  Cinnamon  Water.  Distilled 
water  of  Cinnamon  Bark.  Prepared  also  in  the 
following  manner.  01.  Cinnam.  f£ss;  Magnee. 
Carbon.  33  ;  Aq.  dcetiUat.  Oij.  Rub  the  oil  and 
oarbonate  of  magnesia;  add  the  water  gradually, 
and  filter.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Cinnamomi  Fortis,  Spiritus  Cinnamomi 
—a.  Colcestrensis,  Colchester,  mineral  waters  of. 

Aqua  Colora'ta,  '  coloured  water.'  A  name 
given  to  a  prescription  in  which  simple  ooloured 
water  is  contained.  Used  in  hospital  cases,  more 
especially,  where  a  placebo  is  demanded. 

Aqua  Cupri  Ammoxiata,  Liquor  o.  a. — a.  Cu- 
pri vitriolati  oomposita,  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis 
composita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Destil- 
lata,  Water,  distilled  —  a.  Florum  aurantii,  see 
Citrus  aurantium  —  a.  Fluviatilis,  Water,  river. 

Aqua  Fcskic'uli,  Fennel  water.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Fontana,  Water,  spring — a.  Fortis,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Hepatica,  Hydrosulphuretted  water 
— a.  Hordeata,  Deooctum  hordei — a.  Imbrium, 
Water,  rain  —  a.  Intercus,  Anasarca  —  a.  Inter 
Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Juniperi  composita,  Spiritus 
junlperi  compositus  —  a.  Kali,  Liquor  potasses 
suboarbonatis  —  a.  Kali  caustici,  Liquor  potassaB 
—a.  Kali  prseparati,  Liquor  potass©  subcarbon- 
atis — a.  Kali  puri,  Liquor  potasses — a,  Kali  sub- 
earbonatts,  Liquor  potasses  subcarbonatis — a.  La- 
byrinthi,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of —  a.  Lactis,  Serum 
lactis  —  a.  ex  Lacu,  Water,  lake  —  a.  Lithargyri 
acetati  composita,  Liquor  piumbi  subacetatis  di- 
lutus — a.  Lucias,  Spiritus  ammonias  succinatus — 
a.  Marina,  Water,  sea  —  a.  Medicata,  Water,  mi- 
neral. 

Aqua  Menthj?  Piperi't^b,  Peppermint  Water. 
The  distilled  water  of  peppermint.  It  may  be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Menthjs  Piperitidis  Spirituosa,  Spi- 
ritus menthas  piperitee — a.  Mentha  viridis,  Spear- 
mint water;  see  Aqua)  menthas  piperita) — a.  Men- 
thae  vulgaris  spirituosa,  Spiritus  menthas  viridis — 
— a.  Mineralis,  Water,  mineral — a.  Mirabilis,  Spi- 
ritus pimcntes —  a.  Mulsa,  Hydromeli — a.  Natri 
Oxmyuriatici,  Liquor  sodse  chlorinates — a.  Nea- 
politan a,  Naples  water,  (factitious) — a.  Nephrit- 
ic*, Spiritus  myristioa. 

Aqua  Nitrogen'ii  Protox'ydi,  Protoxide 
of  Ni'trogen  Water,  Aqua  anotfica  oxygena'ta, 
dearie's  patent  oxygr'enoue  aerated  water.  A  pa- 
tent solution  of  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  said  to 
contain  five  times  its  own  bulk  of  gas.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  a  nervine,  and  excitant  in 
nervous  conditions,  dyspepsia,  Ac  It  has  also 
been  used  in  cholera,  and  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  of  drunkenness.  The  dose  is  f  Jvj, 


orjviii,  two  or  three  times  a  day;  or,  in  dys- 
pepsia, as  a  beverage  between  meals. 

Aqua  Nivata,  Water,  snow — a.  Nucis  moscha- 
tss,  Spiritus  myristicas —  a.  Ophtbalmica,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora —  a.  Paludosa, 
Water,  marsh — a.  Pedum,  Urine — a.  Pericardii, 
see  Pericardium  —  a.  Picea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
—  a.  Piois,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  a.  Pluvialis, 
Water,  rain  —  a.  PotassaB,  Liquor  potasses  —  a. 
Pulegii  spirituosa,  Spiritus  pulegii  —  a.  Putealis, 
Water,  well — a.  ex  Puteo,  Water,  well — a.  Rabelli, 
Elixir  acidum  Haileri — a.  Raphani  composita, 
Spiritus  armoracias  compositus — a.  Regia,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid. 

Aqua  Rob<e,  Bote  Water,  Bhodo»tag'nut9 
(Boa.  centifol.  ftmij :  Aqua  cong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a 
gallon— Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Salubris,  Water,  mineral — a.  Sappha- 
rina,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniata — a.  Saturni,  Li- 
quor piumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Sclopetaria, 
Arquebuaade  eau  <f  —  a.  Seminum  anisi  compo- 
sita, Spiritus  anisi  —  a.  Seminum  carui  fortis, 
Spiritus  carui  —  a.  Sodas  effervesoens,  Acidulous 
water,  simple  —  a.  Soteria,  Water,  mineral — a. 
Stygia,  Nirxo-muriatio  acid — a.  Styptica,  Liquor 
cupri  sulphatis  composita — a.  Sulphurata  sim- 
plex, Hydrosulphuretted  water  —  a.  Sulphureti 
ammonias,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a.  Thediana, 
Arqucbuaade  eau  <f  —  a.  Thoriacalis  Bezoardica, 
Chylostagma  diaphoreticum  Mindereri  —  a.  To- 
fana,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a.  Tosti  panis,  Toast 
water — a.  Traumatica  Thedenii,  Arquebuaade  eau 
d'  —  a.  Vegeto-mineraiis,  Liquor  piumbi  subace- 
tatis dilutus — a.  Viciensis,  Vichy  water — a.  Vi- 
triolica  camphorata,  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum 
camphors^ — a.  Vitriolica  casrulea,  Solutio  sulpha- 
tis cupri  composita — a.  Vulneraria,  Arquebusade 
eau  d* — a.  Zinci  vitriolati  cum  camphora,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora. 

AQVM  ACIDULA,  Acidulous  waters  — a. 
Badiguas,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Badizae, 
Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Bathonioe,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of— a.  Buxtonienses,  Buxton,  Mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Cantuarienses,  Canterbury, 
waters  of— a.  Chalybeatas,  Waters,  mineral,  cha- 
lybeate. 

Aquas  Desttlla't^s,  Distilled  Watera,  Hydro- 
la'ta,  (F.)  Hydrolata.  These  are  made  by  put- 
ting vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint,  penny- 
royal, Ac,  into  a  still  with  water,  and  drawing 
off  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon  of  the 
distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be  added  to 
preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  watera  are  some- 
times called  Aqua  atillatit"i(B  eim'plicee:  the  spi- 
rituous, Aqua  stillatW'itB  epirituo'ea,  but  more 
commonly  Spir'itue. 

Aqu^s  Martiales,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybe- 
ate— a.  Metus,  Hydrophobia — a.  Minerales  aci- 
dulas,  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous  —  a.  Minerales 
ferruginosas,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate — a.  Mi- 
nerales sulphureas,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous 
— a.  Stillatitite,  Aquas  destillatas — a.  Solis,  Bath, 
mineral  waters  of. 

AQUJEDUC'TUS,  Aq'ueduct,  from  aqua  'wa- 
ter/ and  ducere,  ductum,  'to  lead.'  (F.)  Aque- 
duc.  Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water 
from  one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have 
used  it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

Aqu^ddctus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aquasductus  vestibuli. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Coch'lejE,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  Li- 
macon; — a  very  narrow  canal,  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanio  scala  of  the  cochlea  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  para  petroaa. 

Aqu^bduc'tub  Fallo'pii,  Canal  eptrolde  de 
Voe  temporal  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Aqueauc  de  Fa*- 
lope.    A  canal  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tempo- 


AQUALICULUS 


95 


ARACHNOID  CANAL 


ral  bone,  which  extends  from  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  interims  to  the  foramen  stylo-maatoideum, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  facial  nerve.  The 
opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called  Hia'tue  Fal- 
lo'pii. 

Aqu«*dfc'tu8  Sti/vti,  Cana'lie  eminen'tia 
quadrigem'incp,  (F.)  Aqueduc  de  Sylvius,  Iter  ad 
quartum  ventnic'ulum,  Cana'lie  mc'dins,  Canal  in- 
termtdiare  dee  ventriculee  of  Chaussier.  A  canal 
forming  a  communication  between  the  third  and 
fourth  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Aqujedcc'tus  Vhstib'uli,  Aqwtductue  Cotun'- 
mif  Canal  of  Cotun'niue,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  vestibule 
ou  Aqueduc  de  Cotugno,  This  begins  in  the  ves- 
tibule, near  the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semi- 
circular canals,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  pare  petroea. 

AQUALICULUS,  from  aqualie,  *  a  water-pot.' 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Hypogastrinm. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  the  stomach  or  intes- 
tinal canal. 

AQUAS'TER.  A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

A  Q  VED  UC,  Aqueduct — a.  de  Cotugno—Aqnm- 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallopc,  Aqureductus  Fal- 
lopii — a.  du  Limacon,  Aquffiductus  cochlea) —  a. 
de  Sylriue,  Aqure  ductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Vestibule, 
Aquseductus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquas  ductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aqno'eue,  Hydato'dce. 
Hydro' dee,  from  aqua,  'water,'  (F.)  Aqueux, 
\vatery.  The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are 
sometimes  called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Ca- 
naux  aqueux. 

AQiTEors  Humour  ot  thr  Ete,  Humor  aquo'- 
tu$,  Albugin'eoH$  humour,  Odei'des,  Oo'des,  Hy- 
datoVdcs,  Hydato'dce,  Ova'tus  sen  Ovifor'mis 
humor,  (F.)  Ifumeur  aqueuee.  The  limpid  fluid 
which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the  eye,  from  the 
cornea  to  the  crystalline,  and  which  is,  conse- 
quently, in  contact  with  the  two  surfaces  of  the 
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains :  s.  g.  1.0003.  It 
contains  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  phos- 
phate of  lime  in  small  quantity;  and  is  enveloped 
in  a  fine  membrane : — the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  Tunica  propria  seu  Vagi'na  humo'ris 
a'quei  seu  Mcmtra'na  Demuria'na  seu  Desce- 
tnetfii,  Membrane  of  Demoure  or  of  Descemet;  al- 
though theso  last  terms  aro  hy  some  appropri- 
ated to  a  third  layer  of  the  cornea. 

AQUEUS,  Aqueous. 

AQUIDUCA.  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium  —  a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQUILA,  Hydrargyri  submurias,  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  arsenic,  sul- 
phur, and  the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq'uila  Ccelbst'isj  a  sort  of  panacea,  of  which 
mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uila.  Lach'rym*;  a  liqnor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 
*  Aq'uila  Philobopho'rum.     The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called  mer- 
cury thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original  form. 

Aq'uila  Ven'bris;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac 

AQUILA  VEN.fi,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA,  A.  vulga'rie,  A.  wives' trie  seu 
Alpi'na,  Common  Oolombine  or  Columbine,  (F.) 
Ancolie.  The  seeds,  herb,  and  flowers  were  for- 
merly used  in  jaundice  and  cutaneous  diseases. 
They  are  still  retained  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe. 

Aquilrqia  Alpina,  Aquilegia. 

Aquilegia  Canadensis,  Wild  Columbine,  is 


indigenous,  and  flowers  in  April  and  June.    T1m 
seeds  are  said  to  be  tonic 

Aquilegia  Sixvestris,  Aquilegia — a.  Vul- 
garis, Aquilegia. 

AQUO-CAP8ULITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS,  Keratoiri'tie,  A  quo. 
capsulitis.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior  cham- 
ber of  the  eye.  A  badly  compounded  term,  de- 
noting inflammation  of  the  capsule  or  membrane 
of  the  aqueous  humour. 

AQUULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  Hydroa— a. 
Acustica,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

Aquula  seu  Aqua  Morgaghti.  The  minute 
portion  of  water  which  escapes  when  an  opening 
is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline. 

ARA  PARVA,  a  small  altar;— a  kind  of  band, 
age  invented  by  Sostratus,  which  represents  the 
corners  of  an  altar. — Qalen. 

AR'ABE ;  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 

ARAB'ICA  ANTID'OTUS  HEPAT'ICA,  Ar'- 
abic  Hepatic  An'tidote.  A  powder  composed  of 
myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  Ac  It  was  admi- 
nistered in  new  wine. 

ARAB'ICUS  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  white  marble, 
analogous  to  alabaster,  found  in  Arabia.  It  was 
regarded  as  absorbent  and  desiccative,  and  was 
employed  in  hemorrhoids. 

ARABIS  BARB  ARE  A,  Erysimum  barbarea. 

AR'ABIS  MALAO'MA.  An  antiscrofulou: 
medicine,  composed  of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  Ac — Celsus. 

AR'ABS,  MEDICINE  OF  THE.  The  Ara- 
bians kept  the  torch  of  medical  science  illumi- 
nated during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before  the  year  of  the  Hegira,  they  had  schools 
of  medicine;  but  these  were  most  flourishing 
during  the  10th,  11th,  and  12th  centuries.  The 
chief  additions  made  by  them  to  medical  science 
were  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy  and  in  the 
description  of  diseases.  Their  principal  writers 
were  Avicenna,  Serapion,  Averrhoes,  Hali  Abbas, 
Moses  Maimonides,  Avenzoar,  Rhazes,  Albuca- 
sis,  Ac. 

ARACACHA,  Coninm  moschatum. 

ARACHIS  AFRICANA,  A.  hypogea— a.  Ame- 
ricana, A.  Hypogea. 

Ar'achis  Hypogb'a,  A.  America'na,  A.  Afri- 
ca'na,  Arachni'da  hypogea,  Ground  nut,  Pea  nut, 
Earth  almond,  (S.)  Mane;  erroneously  called 
Pistachio  nut,  in  the  South;  Pindars  of  the  West 
Indies.  Cultivated  in  the  Southern  States.  The 
seeds  are  oily,  and  are  eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior 
chocolate  may  be  made  of  them. 

ARACH'NE,  apax*n,  'a  spider,'  'a  cobweb.' 
Hence — 

ARACHNIDA  HYPOGEA,  Arachis  hypogea. 

ARACHNI'TIS,  Arachnoid? tie,  Arachnodei'- 
tie,  Inflammation  of  the  Arachnoid.  A  variety 
of  phrenitis. 

ARACHNODEITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACHNOID  CANAL,  see  Canal,  arachnoid. 

Arachnoid  or  the  Ete.  The  lining  mem- 
brane of  a  cavity,  supposed  by  some  to  exist  be- 
tween the  sclerotic  and  choroid. 

Arach'noid  Membrane,  Meninx  Me'dia, 
Arachnoldeue,  Arachno'dee,  from  upaxvn,  '  *  cob- 
web,' and  uoet,  'form,  resemblance;'  Tu'nica 
ara'nea,  Arachno'dee,  T.  crystal' Una,  Menin'- 
gion.  A  name  given  to  several  membranes, 
which,  by  their  extreme  thinness,  resemble  spi- 
der-webs.—  Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the 
membrane  of  the  vitreous  kumour, — the  tunica 
hyaloidea.  The  moderns  use  it  now  for  one  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain,  situate  between  the 
dura  mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  mem- 
brane, and  composed  of  two  layers ;  the  external 
being  confounded,  in  the  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it,  lining  the  inte- 
rior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal;  the  other 


ABAOHNOEDITIS 


M 


AKCEUTHOS 


being  extended  oyer  the  brain,  from  which  it  ifl 
separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  passing  into 
the  sinuosities  between  the  convolutions,  and 
penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  brain  by  an 
opening  at  He  posterior  part  under  the  corpus 
callosum.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  investing  sheath 
of  the  nerves,  as  they  pass  from  the  encephalic 
cavities.  Its  chief  uses  seem  to  be; — to  envelop, 
and,  in  some  measure,  protect  the  brain,  and  to 
secrete  a  fluid  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a 
state  best  adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of 
its  functions. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACK',  Arrack;  (East  Indian.)  A  spiritu- 
ous liquor  made  in  India  in  various  ways,  often 
from  rice,  sometimes  from  sugar  fermented  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  coooa  nut  ,*  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit 

Arack,  Mock,  is  made  by  adding  Qij  of  Ben- 
zoic acid  to  a  quart  of  rum.  The  celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  with  such  arack. 

ARACOUCHINI,  Icica  araconchini. 

ARACUS  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla. 

AR'ADOS,  from  apa&tu>,  'I  am  turbulent.' 
The  agitation  excited  in  the  stomach  by  the 
ooction  of  aliments  of  different  nature. — Hippo- 
orates.  Likewise,  the  motion  produoed  by  ca- 
thartics. 

ARJ30MA,  Interstice. 

ARAEOMETER,  Areometer. 

AR JSOT'ICA,  from  apuo*, '  I  rarefy.'  Medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefying 
the  humours.    See  Rarefaciens. 

ARAKI,  see  Spirit 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinquefo- 
lium. 

Ara'lia  His'pida,  Dwarf  Elder,  is  said  to  be 
diuretic,  and  has  been  recommended,  in  decoc- 
tion, in  dropsy. 

Ara'lia  Nudioau'lib,  Nardue  America' nue, 
Small  Spikenard,  Wild  Liq'uorice,  Sweet  root, 
False  SareaparU'la,  (F.)  Petit  nard.  This  Ame- 
rican plant  is  said  to  be  a  mild  stimulant  and 
diaphoretic,  and  has  been  recommended  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also  as  a  tonic. 
It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States. 

Ara'lia  Racemo'sa,  American  Spikenard, 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudioaulis. 

Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Angel' ica  Tree,  Prickly 
Ask,  Toothaeh  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly 
Elder,  Shotbueh,  Pigeon  Tree.  Its  properties 
are  not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of 
them,  have  been  employed,  it  is  said,  successfully 
in  toothaeh.  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been 
used  in  colic. 

ARANEA,  AranesB  Tela— a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tarentula. 

ARA'NE^fi  TELA,  Ara'nea,  Ara'neum,  Cob- 
web, (F.)  Toil*  d'Araignie.  Formerly,  this  sub- 
stance was  much  employed,  and  supposed  to  pos- 
sess extraordinary  virtues,  especially  when  ap- 
plied to  the  wrists.  It  has  been  recently  used 
again  in  intermittent*.  The  spider  itself,  sof- 
tened into  a  plaster  and  applied  to  the  forehead 
and  temples,  is  said  by  Dioscorides  to  prevent 
ague.  Cobweb  is  a  mechanical  styptic,  and  is 
po  applied,  at  times. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to 
the  urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  oob- 
webs. 

ARANEO'SUS  (PULSUS);  a  term  employed 
t*  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse ;  when  the 
movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net  raised 
97  the  wind. 

ARANEUM,  AranesD  Tela. 


Ara'xbtoc  Ulcus,  AetakU'loe.  A  name  givea 
by-Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ulcer, 
extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 

ARARA,  Myrobalanns  citrina. 

ARASCON,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

ARATRUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBETI,  Dombeya  exoelsa, 

ARBOR  BENIYI,  Benjamin— a.  Indica,  Lau- 
ras cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral — a.  Thurifera— -Juni- 
perus  Lycia — a.  Uteri  Vivincans,  Palmes  uteri 
plicate. 

Arbor  Vrre,  (F,)  Arbre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed  on 
cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally;  and  which 
results  from  the  particular  arrangement  of  the 
white  substance  with  the  oineritious.  Also,  the 
Thuya  occidentals. 

Arbor  ViT^UTBRiNUS,Palm8B  uteri  plicatse. 

Arbor  Vitm  or  thb  Utbrub,  Palmss  uteri 
plicated. 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.    Ruland. 

ARBOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBRE  DE  VIE,  Arbor  Vita). 

ARBUSCULA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILIEN- 
SIS,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

ARBUTUS,  A.  Unedo— a.  Trailing,  A.  Ut» 
ursi,  Epigaea  repens.  • 

Ar'butus  Uya  Ursi,  Aretoetaph'yloe  Uva 
urri,  Maira'nia  uva  urtu  Nat.  Qrd.  Erioeae. 
Sex.  Syet.  Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  2?«**«- 
roUe  ou  Raiein  d'Our*.  The  leaves — ( Uva  Urei, 
Ph.  U.  S.)— of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent, 
and  have  been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of 
the  urinary  organs.  Dose  of  the  powder  from 
gr.  xv.  to  388.  The  English  names  are  Trailing 
Ar'butus,  Bear**  Whortleberry  or  Bearberry, 
Mountain-box,  Redberry,  Upland  Cranberry, 
Foxberry,  Oheckerberrv. 

Ar'butus  Uhe'do,  Ar'butv*,  Andrach'ni,  Une*- 
do,  Une'do  papyra'cea,  xopapos,  (F.)  Arboueier. 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  astringent,  and  has 
been  used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC,  Arch,  Arcue.  Any  part  of  the  body  re- 
sembling an  arch  in  form ;  as  the  Arch  of  the 
colon,  (F.)  Arc  du  colon, — the  transverse  portion 
of  that  intestine : — Arch  of  the  Aorta,  Arcue  aor1- 
Ub.  (F.)  Oro—e  de  VAorte,  Ac,  the  turn  which  the 
aorta  takes  in  the  thorax. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

ARCADE  ANASTOMOTIQUE,  Arch,  anas- 
tomotic—a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — o.  Inguinale, 
Crural  arch — a.  Orbitaire,  Orbitar  arch — a.  P«- 
bienne,  Pubic  arch — a.  Zygomatique,  Zygomatio 
arch. 

ARCADES  DENTAIRES,  Dental  arches— 
a.  Palmairee,  Palmar  arches. 

AR  CADI-  TEMP  OR  O-MAXILLAIRE, 
Temporalis. 

ARCiE'US  or  ARCiE'US,  BALSAM  OF,  (F.) 
Baume  d?  Arcane,  A  kind  of  soft  ointment  used 
in  sores,  contusions,  Ac.  It  is  made  by  melting 
two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of  hog's  lartR 
turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one  part  and  a  half: 
straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 

ARCANSON,  Colophonia. 

ARCA'NUM,  from  area,  'a  chest'  A  secret, 
a  nostrum,  a  quack  or  empirical  med'icine,  (F.) 
Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  composition  is  kept 
secret;  but  which  is  reputed  to  possess  great 
efficacy. 

Abcaktjk  CoRALLnruif,  Hydrargyri  nitrioo- 
oxydum  —  a.  Dnplicatum,  Potassao  sulphas — Sw 
Tartar!,  Potassw  aoetas. 

ARCEAU,  Aroulus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperus  communis. 


ARCH 


97 


ARCTJLCS 


ARCH,  ANASTOMOTIC,  (P.)  Arcade  Anaeto- 
motique,  is  the  union  of  two  vessel*,  which  anas- 
tomose by  describing  a  carved  line.  The  vessels 
of  the  mesentery  anastomose  in  this  manner. 

Arch  or  thb  Aorta,  see  Aorta — a.  Crural,  see 
Crural  arch  —  a.  Femoral,  see  Crural  arch  —  a. 
Gluteal,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis — a.  Haemal,  see 
Hsemal  arch — a.  Inguinal,  see  Crural  arch — a.  Or- 
bital, see  Orbitar  arch— a.  of  the  Palate,  see  Palate 
bone — a.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Pubic  arch — a.  Subpu- 
bic, see  Subpubic  arch — a.  Superciliary,  see  Super- 
ciliary arches — a.  Zygomatic,  see  Zygomatic  arch. 

Arches  or  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
numher  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of  which 
is  termed  anterior,  the  other  posterior. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  is 
fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  poeterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise,  from 
the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  downwards  to 
be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pharynx.  The 
anterior  arch  contains  the  circumflexus  palati, 
and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium.  The  posterior 
arch  has,  within  it,  the  levator  palati,  and  be- 
tween the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCH JB'US,  Arche'ue,  from  apxtt '  commence- 
ment,' (F.)  Archie.  A  word  invented  by  Basil 
Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  Paracelsus 
and  Van  Helmont.  The  latter  used  it  for  the 
internal  principle  of  our  motions  and  actions. 
This  arch ae us,  according  to  Van  Helmont,  is  an 
immaterial  principle,  existing  in  the  seed  prior 
to  fecundation,  and  presiding  over  the  develop- 
ment of  the  body,  and  over  all  organic  pheno- 
mena. Besides  this  chief  archseus,  whose  seat 
Van  Helmont  placed  in  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  he  admitted  several  of  a  subordinate 
character,  which  had  to  execute  its  orders;  one, 
for  instance,  in  each  organ,  to  preside  over  its 
functions ;  each  of  them  being  subject  to  anger, 
caprice,  terror,  and  every  human  failing. 

ARCHANGEL,  NEW,  MINERAL  SPRINGS. 
About  twenty  miles  to  the  north  of  New  Arch- 
angel, Sitka  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  North 
America,  are  some  thermal  sulphureous  waters, 
the  temperature  of  one  of  which  is  upwards  of 
153°  of  Fahr.  They  are  much  celebrated.— Sir 
Geo.  Simpson. 

ARCHANGELICA,  Lamium  album. 

Arch  angelic  a  OrricnrAus,  Angelica. 

ARCHS,  apYQf  /»tVt«m,  Princip'ium,  PrimoT4- 
dium,  Ori'go,  Inva'eio.    The  first  attack  of  a  dis- 

ARCHECPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCHJSE,  Archseus. 

ARCHELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roeeella. 

ARCHELOG"IA,  froma^i,  '  beginning,'  and 
>oyot,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles ; — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCHEN'D  A.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of  the 
liguetrum,  used  by  the  ^Egyptians  after  bathing, 
to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the  feet — 
Prosper  Alpinus. 

ARCHIA'TER,  Archia'tnu,  Protomed'icua, 
Protia'troe,  from  apxn>  'authority,'  and  latpof, 
'physician.'  The  original  signification  of  this 
word  is  a  matter  of  dispute.  Some  consider,  with 
Mercurialis,  that  it  meant  physioian  to  a  prince, 
king,  emperor,  Ac. :  others,  with  C.  Hoffman,  ap- 
ply it  to  every  physician  who,  by  his  situation, 
is  raised  above  his  colleagues.  The  former  opi- 
nion Beems  to  have  prevailed,  —  Archiatre  dee 
Jiois  de  France  being  applied  to  the  chief  physi- 
oian to  the  kings  of  France. 

ARCHIG"ENt  MORBI.  Acute  diseases;  be- 
cause  they  hold  the  first  rank :  from  apgv, '  be- 
ginning,' and  yivouau  '  I  am.' 

ARCHIMAGIA;  Chymistry. 


ARCHINGEAT,  MINERAL  WATER8  Of. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three  leagues 
from  St.  Jean  d'Angely.  The  waters  are  prised 
in  all  diseases.  They  seem  to  contain  carbonate 
of  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  some  bitumen. 

ARCHITECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo- 
plectic make. 

ARCHITIS,  Proctitis,  Rectitia, 

ARCHOCELE,  Proctocele. 

ARCHOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCHOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

ARCHORRHA'GIA,  from  afg»fc  'the  anus,' 
and  pew,  'I  flow.'  Archorrhce'a.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  anus. 

ARCIIORRHCEA,  Archorrhagia, 

ARCHOS,  Arena,  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGNOMA,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGNOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum, 

ARCHOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSYRINX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFORM,  Arcifor'mie,  from  arx,  arcie, 
'a  top  or  ridge/  and  forma,  'shape/  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  fibres,  Fibra  arci/orm'ee, 
of  the  anterior  pyramids  of  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  take  a  curved  course  around  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  each  corpus  olivare  and  ascend 
towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCTA'TIO,  Arctitu'do,  from  aret;  'I  make 
narrow;'  Angueta'tio,  Ooarcta'tio.  Contraction, 
(F.)  KHricieeement,  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  a 
canal,  and  especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifict 
of  the  uterus,  or  of  the  intestinal  canal.  Consti- 
pation, (see  Stcgnosis.)  Reunion  by  suture  or 
infibulation.  —  Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zao- 
chias,  &o. 

ARC'TITUDO,  Arctatio. 

ARCTIUM,  A.  lappa— a.  Bardana,  A.  lappa. 

Arctium  Lappa.  The  root  and  seed  of  the 
Clit'bur,  Bar  da' no,  Arctium,  A.  harda'na  sei 
majue  seu  vnnu*  sen  tomento'eum,  Flaphie,  Lap- 
pa glabra,  Lappa  major,  L.  pereona'ta,  Pereola'- 
ta,  PereoUa'ta,  Pereolu'ta,  Burdock,  (F.)  Bar- 
dane,  Glouteron.  Nat.  Ord.  Composite.  Sex, 
Syet.  Syngenesia  sequalis.  Boot  diuretic:  *ce4 
cathartic.  It  has  been  used  in  decoction  in  dis- 
eases of  the  skin  and  in  syphilis. 

Abctiuk  Majvs,  A.  lappa— a.  Minus,  A.  lappa 
— a.  Tomentosum,  A.  lappa. 

ARC'TOPUS  ECHINA'TUS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  NaU  Ord.  UmbellifersB,  which  is  de- 
mulcent and  diuretic,  somewhat  approaching  sar- 
saparilla.  The  decoction  of  the  root  is  employed 
in  syphilis,  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  affections 
of  all' kinds,      a 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  TJVA  URSI,  Arbutus 
uva  ursi. 

ARCTU'RA,  from  artto,  <  I  straighten.'  The 
effects  of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  Arctu/ra 
ungui*.— See  Onychogrypkosis. 

Abotuba  Unguium.  The  growing  in  or  inver- 
sion of  the  nails.    See  Onychocryptosis. 

ARCUA'TIO,  Concava'tio.  An  anterior  gib- 
bosity or  projection  of  the  sternum. 

ARCUEIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Ar- 
eueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

A  celebrated  society  held  its  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  Berthollet,  Humboldt,  La  Place, 
Ac,  were  members. 

ARCT7LA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCULiE.  The  Orbitar  Fossae:  wAtta.— 
Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ARC'ULUS,  diminutive  of  are**,  'an  aroh.'  A 
small  arch;  a  cradle,  (F.)  Arceau,  ArcheU    A 


ARCUS  MEDULLARIS 


08 


AREOMETER 


semicircular  box  or  basket  used  for  preventing 
the  bed-clothes  from  coming  in  contact  with  in- 
jured or  diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  of  the 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade  mothers  to  sleep 
with  an  infant  near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under 
a  solid  cradle. 

ARCUtf  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Senilis, 
Gerotoxon  —  a.  Subpubicus,  Subpubic  arch  —  a. 
Superciliarig,  Superciliary  arches  —  a.  Unguium, 
see  Nail — a.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

ARDALOS,  Excrement. 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDENT,  Ardeiu,  from  ardere,  'to  burn.' 

Ardent  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente.  The 
Oausus,  Synocha,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eyes,  (F.)  Yeux  ardent. 
The  eyes  are  so  called  when  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  Urine  of 
a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  HIBfiRNICA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

ARDEUR,  Ardor —  a.  du  Ceeur,  Cardialgia— 
a.  dfEstomac,  Ardor  vcntriculi,  Pyrosis  —  a.  de 
la  Fttvre,  Ardor  Febrilis  —  a.  a*  Urine,  Ardor 
Urinse. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardeur.  Heat  A  feeling  of 
burning,  of  violent  heat;  JEstut,  jEstua'tio,  Cau- 
so'ma. 

Ardor  Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardeur  de  la  Ftivre. 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stoxachi,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uri'nje,  (F.)  Ardeur  <F  Urine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  passing 
over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the  ure- 
thra, or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  Vbnereus,  Heat 

Ardor  Vkntric'uli,  EbullWio  Stom'achi,  (F.) 
Ardeur  d'Esiomac.  Heartburn.  See  Cardialgia 
and  Pyrosis. 

A'REA,  'a  void  place,'  'an  open  surface.'  A 
Latin  word  used  by  some  authors  to  designate  a 
variety  of  Alopecia,  in  which  the  hair  changes 
colour,  but  does  not  fall  off;  also,  Porrigo  de- 
oalvans. 

Area  Germinativa,  Tache  embryonnaire. 

Area  Pelltj'cxda.  An  elliptical  depression  in 
the  ovum,  filled  with  a  pellucid  fluid,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  the  germ. 

Area  Vabculo'sa,  see  Circulus  venosus. 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit— Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut— of 
Are'ca  Cat'echu,  A.  Fau/el,  Caun'ga;  JVaf.  Ora\ 
JPalmse;  Sex.  Syet.  Monoecia  Monadelphia;  (F.) 
Ar«cf  is  astringent  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticatory 
of  the  Orientals. 

Are ca  Catechu,  see  Areea. 

ArecA  Faufel,  see  Areca.     • 

AREFA  C'TIOK,  Arefaeftio,  Xeran'eU,  frpmn* 
irom  arefacer€f  *  to  make  dry,'  (arere,  *  to  dry/ 
•did  faeere,  '  to  make.')  The  process  of  drying 
substances,  prior  to  pulverisation. 

ARENA,  see  Gravel. 

ARENAMEN,  Bole  Armenian. 

ARENA'TIO,  Ohoeie,  Sand  or  Earth  Both; 
from  arena,  'sand;'  Saburra'tio.  The  applica- 
tion of  hot  sand  to  the  body.  PedilwGia  of  sand 
were  formerly  used  in  Ascites 

ARENO'SA  URFNA,  Sandy  Urine.  Urine 
when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment 

ARENO'SUS,  Sabulous.  Also,  one  who  passes 
sandy  urine. 

ARENULA,  see  Gravel. 

ABE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of  Area,  (F.)  Aire. 
Anatomists  understand  by  Areola,  the  inter- 
stices between  the  fibres  composing  organs;  or 
those  existing  between  laminae,  or  between  ves- 
sels whieh  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areola  is,  also,  applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
Ualo,  Male*,  whieh  surrounds  the  nipple,  Are- 


ola papilla' rit,  and  which  becomes  muoh  darker 
during  pregnancy;  as  well  as  to  the  circle  sur- 
rounding certain  vesicles,  pustules,  Ac,  as  the 
pustules  of  the  small-pox,  the  vaccine  vesicle, 
Ac.  Chanssier,  in  such  cases,  recommends  the 
word  Aure'ola,  (F.)  AurSole. 

Areola  Papillaris,  see  Areola. 

Areola,  Tubercles  of  the,  see  Mamma. 

ARE'OLAR,  Areola' ris.  Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

Areolar  Exhalations  are  those  recremen- 
titial  secretions,  which  are  effected  within  the 
organs'  of  sense,  or  in  parenchymatous  struc- 
tures,— as  the  aqueous,  crystalline  and  vitreous 
humours,  Ac. 

Areolar  Tissue,  Cellular  Tissue. 

AREOM'ETER,  Araotn'eter,  Oravim'eter,  AU 
eo'dlom'eter,  Atrostat'ic  Balance,  from  apatos, 
1  light,'  and  iicrpoy,  *  measure :'  i  e.  '  measure  of 
lightness.'  An  instrument,  so  called,  because 
first  employed  to  take  the  specific  gravity  of 
fluids  lighter  than  water.  The  Areometer  of  Ban- 
mi,  which  is  the  most  used  in  Pharmacy,  particu- 
larly in  France,  consists  of  a  tube  of  glass,  largely 
expanded  towards  its  inferior  extremity,  and  ter- 
minating, below,  by  a  small  ball,  containing  mer- 
cury or  lead,  which  serves  it  as  a  balance,  so  that 
it  may  remain  upright  in  the  fluid.  This  tube  is 
furnished  with  a  graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid 
into  which  the  Areometer  is  plunged  be  heavier 
than  water,  the  instrument  rises :  if  lighter,  it 
sinks.  There  are  various  Areometers,  as  those 
of  the  Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nicholson,  Ac.  The 
Areometer  is  also  called  ffydrom'eter,  (F.)  Art' 
ometre,  Pise-liqueur. 

There  are  some  hydrometers  which  have  a  gene- 
ral application  for  determining  the  specific  gra- 
vities of  liquids, — as  Fahrenheit's,  Nicholson's, 
Guy  ton  de  Morveau's,  and  the  common  glass  by 
drometers,  including  Bauml's,  Carder's,  Twad- 
die's,  Zanetti's,  and  the  specific  gravity  beads; 
others  intended  for  special  application, — as  for 
estimating  the  comparative  strength  of  spirits; 
the  comparative  densities  of  syrups,  oils,  Ac,— 
as  Guy  Lussac's,  Sikes's  and  Dicat's  hydrometers, 
and  the  saocharometer,  urinometer,  and  elseometer. 

scale  or  battue's  areometer  with  corre- 
sponding specific  gravities. 

1.  Ascending  Scale  for  light  liquids. 


Sola  of 
Baum6. 


Specific 
Gravities 


60 
SO 
48 
48 
40 
38 
33 
39 
30 


fS 
83 

Id. 
83 

Id. 
80 
18 
13 
18 
11 
10 


700 

715 

748 

782 

798 

819  | 

887 

847 

863 

868 

878 

900 ! 

008) 
915) 

"1 

923  r 

Id.) 
935  V 
948) 
980 
986 
993 
1000 


Substance*. 


Pure  hydrocyanic  acid.—  Oaf  Lms- 

•at. 
Very  pure  sulphuric  ether. 
The  same  concentrated. 

Equal  parts  of  alcohol  and  ether. 
Very  pure  alcohol  for  pbamaceuti 

cal  purposes. 
Pure  alcohol.    Naphtha. 
Alcohol  of  commerce. 
Essential  oil  of  turpentine. 

Hydrocyanic  add  of  Bcbeele  and 
pure  hydrocyanic  acid,  mixed 
with  an  equal  portion  of  water. 
(RMenst.) 

Acetic  ether. 

Nitric  ether. 
Muriatic  ether. 
Liquid  ammonia. 
Olive  oil. 

Brandy. 

Burgundy  wine. 

Bordeaux  wine. 
Distilled  water. 


ARES 


DISCARDED  BY 
BWUAMPSHIRE^AJELI 


2.  Descending  Scale  for  heavy  liquid*. 


Scale  of 
Baum6. 


Specific 
Gravities. 


0 

1 
2 

1! 

10 
19 
20 
21 
25 
30 

35 

40 
41 
45 
Id. 
50 
60 
66 
70 


1000 
1007/ 
lOOtl  j 
1014 
1033 

1075) 

1UU1  \ 

11(31 

Iltf0> 

1-210 

1361 

1321  j 

1384 
1398 
1454 
Id. 
1532 
1714 
1847 

19  ia 


Sul 


Common  distilled  water. 
Distilled  vinegar. 
Common  vinegar. 
Cow's  milk. 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

Boiling  ayrup. 
Cold  ayrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 

Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 
Very  concentrated  phosphoric  acid. 


ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to  de- 
signate the  principle  on  which  depends  the  form 
of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt  These  the  alchy- 
mists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that  give  birth 
to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  aptrrj,  'virtue.'  Mental  or  corporeal 
rigour. — H  ippocrates. 

ARETHU'SA,  A.  bulbo'sa;  indigenous.  Order, 
Orchidacese.  The  bruised  bulbs  are  used  in 
toothach  ;  and  as  cataplasms  to  tumours. 

A' RE  US.  A  pessary  mentioned  by  Paulua  of 
Jggina. 

ARGEL,  Cynanchum  oleaefolium. 

AR'GEMA,  Algernon,  Ar'gemus,  from  *oyos, 
'white.'  Fa*' tula,  (F.)  Encavure.  A  white  spot 
or  ulceration  of  the  eye. — Hippocrates.  See  Leu- 
coma. 

ARGEM'ONE,  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn  Poppy, 
Prickly  Poppy,  Yellow  Thistle.  A  native  of 
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most  parts  of  tho 
world.  Nat.  Ord.  Papaveraceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  juice  resembles  gam- 
boge, and  has  been  used  as  a  hydragogue.  The 
seeds  are  employed  in  the  West  Indies  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  ipecacuanha.  They  are  also  used  as 
a  cathartic. 

ARGENS0N,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
chalybeate  situate  at  Argenson  in  Dauphiny: 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundice,  <ko. 

ARGENT,  Argentum — a.  Chlorure  <T,  see  Ar- 
gentum  —  a.  Cyanure  <tf',  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
d'Ammoniaque,  chlorure  cT,  see  Argentum  —  a. 
Jodure  <f,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Oxide  d\  see  Ar- 
gentum. 

ARGENTERIA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGENTI  C1IL0RIDUM,  see  Argentum— a. 
et  Ammonia)  chloridum,  see  Argentum  — a.  et 
Ammonite  chloruretum,  see  Argentum — a.  Cya- 
nidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  Iodidum,  see  Argentum — a.  Ioduro- 
tum,  see  Argentum. 

Argen'ti  Nitras,  Argen'tum  Nitra'tum,  Sal 
argot' ti,  Argentum  Nit'ricum,  (F.)  Nitrate  d' Ar- 
gent, Azotate  d? Argent,  Nitrate  of  Silver.  This 
preparation  is  sometimes  kept  in  crystals,  the 
Nitras  Argen'ti  in  crystal' lot  concre'tus,  Nitrate 
<f  Argent  crystallite'  of  the  Codex  of  Paris,  Luna 
potab'ilis,  Crystalli  Luna,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum 
cry  stallisa' turn,  Nitras  argenti  crystal' linus,  Ni- 
trum  luna'ri,  Hydrago'gum  Bot'lei.  Generally, 
however,  it  is  in  the  fused  state :  and  it  is  this 

which  is  admitted  into  most  Pharmacopoeias,  and  '  Nit.  3*xv/  Acid  Bydrocyan.,  Aq.  destillaU  aa  Oj, 
which,  besides  the  name  Nitras  Argenti,  is  called  i  Having  dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the 
Ni'tras  argen'ti  fusus,  Caus'ticum  luna're,  Lapis  \  water,  add  the  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  nix  th*xu» 


inferna'lis,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum  ful 
caustic,  (F.)  Nitrate  d' argent  fon 
female. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  ! 
is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — Take  of 
silver,  in  small  pieces,  zj. ;  nitric  acid,  f  JJv^j., 
distilled  water,  f^ij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the 
water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture  in 
a  Band  bath;  then  crystallize,  or  gradually  in- 
crease the  heat,  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  bo 
dried.  Melt  this  in  a  crucible  over  a  gentle  fire, 
and  continue  the  heat  until  ebullition  ceases; 
then  immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtues  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic,  and 
escharotic.    It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy,  Ac. ; 
locally,  it  is  used  in  various  cases  as  an  escharotic 
Do?e,  gr.  1-8  to  gr.  1-4  in  pill,  three  times  a  day. 
When  silver  is  combined  with  iodine,  it  is  said 
to  have  the  same  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and  not  to 
produce  the  slate  colour  of  the   surface,  which  is 
apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the  latter. 
AnoENTi  Oxidum.  see  Argentum. 
ARGENTILLA  VULGARIS,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

AR'GENTINE,  Argento'sus,  same  etymon  as 
the  next     Pertaining  to  silver;  as  an  'argentine 
solution/  or  solution  of  a  salt  of  silver. 
Argextivb,  Potentilla  anserina. 
ARGEN'TUM,  Ar'gyrus,  from  apyss,  'white,' 
Silver,  Luna,  Dia'na,  (F.)  Argent.    A  solid  metal 
of  a  shining  white  appearance ;  insipid ;  inodor- 
highly  sonorous;   malleable   and   ductile; 
somewhat  hard ;  crystallizable  in  triangular  py- 
ramids;  fusible  a  little  above  a  red  heat;  and 
volatizable;   s.  g.  10.4.    Not  used  in  medicine, 
unless  in  some  places  for  silvering  pills.    Silver 
Leaf,  Argen'tum  folia' turn,  is  the  state  in  which 
it  is  used  for  this  purpose. 

Argentum  Divi'sum,  metallic  silver,  in  very 
fine  powder,  has  been  recommended  internally  in  •  * 
syphilis. 

The  Chloride  {Argen'ti  chlo'ridum,  Argen'- 
tum muriat'icum,  A.  chlora'tum,  A.  sali'tum. 
Chlorure' turn  Argen'ti,  Ohlor'uret  or  3fu'riate  of 
Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d* Argent;)  the  Cyanpret; 
the  Iodide  (Argen'ti  lo'didum,  Argen'tum  loda'- 
tum,  lodure'tum  Argen'ti,  Iod'uret  of  Silver,  (F.) 
lodure  d* Argent ;)  the  Oxide  (Argen'ti  ox'idum, 
Argen'tum  oryda'tum,  (F.)  Oxide  d' Argent,  and 
the  Chloride  of  Ammonia  and  Silver  (Argen'ti 
et  Ammo'nia  chlo'ridum,  Argen'tum  muriat'icum 
ammonia' turn,  Chlorure'tum  Argen'ti  et  Ammo'- 
nia,  Chlo'ruret  of  Silver  and  Ammonia,  Ammo- 
nio-chloride  of  Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  a" Argent  et 
d'Ammoniaque,  have  been  used  in  syphilis.  At 
first,  these  different  preparations  were  adminis- 
tered iatraleptically  on  the  gums ;  the  chloride, 
the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose  of  l-12th 
of  a  grain ;  the  chloride  of  silver  and  ammonia 
in  the  dose  of  l-14th  of  a  grain,  and  the  oxide  of 
silver  and  divided  silver  in  the  dose  of  l-8th  and 
l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Serre,  of  Montpellier,  who 
made  many  trials  with  them,  soon  found  that 
these  doses  were  too  small ;  he  therefore  raised 
that  of  the  chloride  to  l-10th,  and  of  the  iodide 
to  l-8th  of  a  grain,  without  any  inconvenienco 
resulting.  The  dose  of  the  other  preparations  was 
likewise  increased  in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serre 
extols  the  preparations  of  silver — used  internally 
as  well  as  iatraleptically — as  antisyphilitics,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Oyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Silver,  Argen't% 
Oyanure'tnm,  A.  Cyan'idum,  Argen'tum  cyanoge- 
na'tum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d' argent,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1842.)  Argent. 


ARGIL 


100 


ARLBS 


Wash  the  precipitate  with  distilled  water  and  dry 
It.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,)  it  is  dirocted  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is 
put  into  a  tubulated  glass  receiver;  Ferocyanuret 
of  Potassium,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is  put 
into  a  tubulated  retort,  previously  adapted  to  the 
receiver.  Dilute  Sulphuric  Acid  is  added  to  the 
solution  in  the  retort;  and,  by  means  of  a  sand- 
bath  and  a  moderate  heat,  distillation  is  carried 
on  until  the  liquid  that  passes  over  no  longer 
produces  a  precipitate  in  the  receiver.  The  pre- 
cipitate is  then  washed  with  distilled  water,  and 
dried. 

The  Oxide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti  Ox'idum,  has 
been  introduced  into  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  (1851.)  It  is  made  by  precipitating  a  solu- 
tion of  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  by  solution  of  Po- 
tassa,  drying  the  precipitate. 

Argentcm  Chloratusi,  see  Argentum  —  a. 
Cyanogenatum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum  —  a. 
Jodatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Liquidum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum— a.  Mobile,  Hydrargyrum — a.  Murioti- 
cum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia- 
turn,  see  Argentum — a.  Oxydatum,  seo  Argentum 
— a.  Salitum,  see  Argentum — a.  Vivum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

ARGIL,  PURE,  Argilla  pura. 

ARGTLE  OCHREUSE  PALE,  Bolus  Alba. 

ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA,  Terra  Lemma— 
a.  Bolus  rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Ferruginea 
rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Kalisulphurica,  Alu- 
men — a.  Palida,  Bolus  alba. 

Aroilla  Pura,  Terra  Alu' minis,  T.  oola'ris, 
seu  argilla'cea  pura,  Alu'mina  depura'ta,  pure 
Argil  or  Alumina,  (F.)  Alumine  factice.  This  sub- 
stance, which  is  prepared  by  drying  alum  and 
exposing  it,  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  minutes,  to 
a  red  heat,  until  the  sulphuric  acid  is  driven  off, 
has  been  recommended  in  indigestion  as  antacid, 
as  well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea  accompanied 
with  acidity.  The  dose  to  a  very  young  child  is 
from  £ss  to  gj  j  to  older  children  from  gj  to  -Jy. 

Argilla  Sulphuric  a  Alcalisata,  Alumen 
—  a.  Sulphurica  usta,  Alumen  exsiccatum  —  a. 
Supcrsulphas  alcalisatum,  Alumen — a.  Vitriolata, 
Alumen. 

ARGILLJE  ACETAS,  Aluminse  aoetas  — a. 
Sulphas,  Aluminse  sulphas. 

ARGOL,  RED,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus 
— a.  White,  Potasses  supertartras  impurus. 

ARGUMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS,  Hymen. 

ARGY'RIA,  from  apyvpos,  'silver.'  The  dis- 
eoloration  of  the  skin  occasioned  by  the  internal 
use  of  nitrate  of  silver. 

ARGYROCHiETA,  Matricaria. 

ARGYROPH'ORA,  from  apyvpn,  'silver,'  and 
fepw,  'I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrcpsns,  to 
an  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  extremely  pre- 
cious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGYRU3,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'IC,  Arheumat'ictu,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  pntfta,  '  fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  Crataegus  aria. 

ARICI'NA,  Cut'conin,  Cusco-Cincho'nia,  so 
called  from  Ariea  in  South  America,  the  plaee 
where  it  is  shipped.  An  alkali  found  in  Cusoo 
Bark,  which  is  very  similar  in  many  of  its  pro- 
perties to  Cinchonia.  Cnsco  was  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Incas. 

ARIC'YMON,  from  apt,  an  intensive  particle, 
and  ftvnv,  'to  conceive.'  A  name  given  to  a 
female  who  conceives  readily. — Hippocrates. 

ARIDE'NA.    A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 


signate the  leanness  of  any  part  —  Ettmuller, 
Sauvages. 

ARID'ITY,  Arid'itas.  (F.)  Ariditt,  from  arere, 
'to  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  Ariditt  to 
express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  skin  and  tongue,  when  such  dryness 
is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough  to  the 
touch.  Ariditt  also  means  the  lanuginous  ap- 
pearance of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in  which 
they  seem  covered  with  dust 

ARIDU'RA  Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the 
whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body ;  Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 

Aridura  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the  —  a. 
Hepatis,  Hepatrophia, 

ARIKA,  see  Spirit 

ARISTALTHJBA,  Althaea. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from  apteros,  'very  good/ 
and  \o\tia,  'parturition;'  so  called,  because  the 
different  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  parturi- 
tion. Birth  wort,  (F.)  Arietoloche.  Several  va- 
rieties were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochia  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi'a  VuU 
ga'ria  seu  Ore'tica,  Adra  Riza,  Aristolochi'a  ten'- 
uis,  (F.)  Aristoloche  ordinaire,  Upright  Birth- 
wort.  The  root  has  been  considered  stimulant 
and  emmenagogue,  and  as  such  has  been  need  in 
amenorrhoea,  chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  C  re  tic  a,  A.  Clematitis — a.  Fa- 
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Long  a,  and  A.  Rotun'da,  (F.) 
Arittoloche  longue  et  ronde,  Long  and  Bound 
Birthwort.    Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a,  Pistolochi'a  Aris- 
tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za.  This  variety  has  an  aro- 
matic odour,  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  (F.) 
Arittoloche  crtnelte. 

Aristolochi'a  Serpenta'ria,  Serpenta'ria, 
Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na  Virginia' na,  Colubri'na 
Virginia'na,  Oontrayer'va  Virginia'na,  S.  Vir- 
ginia'na,  (F).  Serpentaire  et  Aristoloche  serpen- 
tairt  de  Virginie,  Ooluvrine  de  Virginie,  Vir- 
ginia Snakeroot,  Snakeroot  Birthwort,  Snake- 
weed, Snagrel,  Virtues — tonic,  stimulant;  and, 
as  such,  employed  in  debility,  intermittent*,  Ac. 

Aristolochia  Trams,  A.  Clematitis  —  a.  Tri- 
flda,  A.  Trilobata. 

Aristolochi'a  Tbiloba'ta,  A.  trif'ida,  (F.) 
Arittoloche  trilobie.  A  plant  of  Surinam  and 
Jamaica;  possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the 
Aristolochise.  The  other  varieties  of  Aristolo- 
chia have  similar  properties. 

Aristolochi'a  Vulgaris  Rotunda,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC,  Artstoloch'icus.  Same  ety- 
mology. An  old  term  for  remedies  supposed  to 
have  the  property  of  promoting  the  flow  of  the 
lochia. — Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides, 

ARIS'TON  MAGNUM,  and  ARISTON  PAR- 
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

ARISTOPHANEI'ON.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apoehyma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opoponax, 
and  half  a  pint  of  vinegar.  —  Gorrous.  Not 
used. 

ARKANSAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
About  5  miles  from  the  Washita  river,  and  about 
a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Louisiana  line, 
there  are  about  70  of  those  springs.  They  are 
thermal,  varying  from  138°  to  150°  Fahrenheit, 
and  are  employed  in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  af- 
fections, Ac 


ARLADA,  Realgar. 

ARLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 


Ther- 


ABM 


101 


ABROW  BOOT 


mal  sulphureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Ori en  tales,  France.  Their  temperature 
Is  103°  to  145°  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid. 

ARM,  Braehium. 

ARM  A,  Penis — a.  Ventris,  Penis. 

ARMAMENTARIUM,  Arsenal— a.  Chirurgi- 
cum,  see  Arsenal. 

ARMATORY  UNGUENT,  Hoplochrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

ARME,  from  apu>,  'I  adapt'    Any  physiolo- 

S'cal  or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of  parts. — 
esvchius.    A  suture,  as  of  the  cranium. — Galen. 

ARMENIACA  EPIROTICA,  Prunus  Arme- 
niaca  —  a.  Malus,  Apricot.  See  Prunus  —  a. 
Vulgaris,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ARMENIAN  STONE,  Melochites. 

ARMENITES,  Melochites. 

ARMILL^B  MANUS  MEMBBANOSJE,  An- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus. 

ARMOISE  BLANCHE,  Artemisia  rupeBtris 
—a.  Commune,  Artemisia  vulgaris — a.  Eetragon, 
Artemisia  dracunculus— a.  Ordinaire,  Artemisia 
vulgar  is. 

ARMONIACUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  Cochlearia  ar- 
moracia. 

Armoracia  Rusticana,  Cochlearia  armoracia 
— a.  Sativa,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 

ARMURE  DE3  JAMBES,  see  Cornu  am- 
monia. 

ARMUS,  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 

AR'NICA  MONTA'NA.  Derivation  uncer- 
tain. Arnica,  Leopard's  Bane,  Doron'icum  (rer- 
man'icum  seu  Oppoeitifo'lium,  D.  Ar'nica,  AlW- 
ma,  Ac"yru9,  Diuret'ica,  Arnica  Plauen'eie,  Pa- 
nace'a  lapso'rum,  Ptar'mica  monta'na,  Caltha 
seu  Calen'dula  Alpi'na,  (F.)  Arnique,  Bftoine 
dew  Mont  an  net,  Tabac  dee  Voegee,  Tabac  ou  B4- 
toine  dee  Savoyard*,  Doronic  cPAllemagne.  Sex. 
Suet.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  superflua.  Nat. 
Ord.  Synantherefe.  The  plant  and  flower  are 
considered,  or  have  heen  considered,  narcotic, 
stimulant,  emmenagogue,  Ac;  and,  as  such,  have 
been  given  in  amaurosis,  paralysis,  all  nervous 
affections,  rheumatism,  gout,  chlorosis,  Ac  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  x,  in  powder.  In  large  doses,  it  is  dele- 
terious. 

Arnica  Spuria,  Inula  dysenteries^ — a.  Sueden- 
sis,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ARNOGLOSSUM,  Plantago. 

ARNOTT'S  DILATOR,  see  Dilator,  Arnott's. 

ARO'MA,  Ar'tyma,  'perfume  :'  (apt,  'very/ 
and  ocftit  or  o&urt,  'odour.')  Spir'itue  Rector,  (F.) 
Arome.  The  odorous  part  of  plants.  An  ema- 
nation— frequently  imponderable,  from  bodies — 
which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  varies  with 
the  body  exhaling  it 

AROMAT'IC,  Aromat'icue,  (F.)  Aromate.  Any 
odoriferous  substance  obtained  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  contains  much  volatile  oil,  or  a 
light  and  expansible  resin.  Aromatics  are  used 
in  perfumes,  in  seasoning,  and  embalming.  In 
medicine  they  are  employed  as  stimulants.  Gin- 
ger, cinnamon,  cardamoms,  mint,  Ac,  belong  to 
this  class. 

AROMATOPO'LA,  from  apuua,  'an  odour,' 
and  iruXca,  '  I  sell/  An  apothecary  or  druggist. 
One  who  sells  spices. 

ARON,  Arum. 

AROPH.  A  barbarous  word,  which  had  vari- 
ous significations  with  the  ancients.  Paracelsus 
employed  it  to  designate  a  lithonthriptic  remedy. 
The  mandragora,  according  to  gome.  Also,  a 
mixture  of  bread,  saffron  and  wine. — Van  Hel- 
mont. 


Aroph  Paracelsi,  Ferrum  ammonUtum. 

ARQCEBUSADE  EAU  V,  Aqua  trauma** 
tea  Thede'nii,  Aqua  Thedia'ua,  Aqua  eclopeta'- 
ria,  Aqua  vulnera'ria,  Aqua  cataputta'rumf  Mie- 
tu'ra  vulnera'ria  ac"ida.  A  sort  of  vulnerary 
water,  distilled  from  a  farrago  of  aromatic  plants. 
Roeemary  Ibiss,  millefoil,  thyme,  each  Ibss. 
Proof  epirit  2  gallons — distil  a  gallon.  This  is 
one  form. 

ARRABON,  Arrnphon. 

ARRACHEMENT,  (F.)  from  arracher,  'to 
tear  out,'  Apoepae'ma,  Abrup'tio,  Avul'eio.  Act 
of  separating  a  part  of  the  body  by  tearing  it  from 
the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.  Evulsion. 
Laceration. 

Arrachement  is  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  to  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirpation  of 
a  polypus,  Ac. 

ARRACK,  Arack.     See  Spirit. 

AR'RAPHON,  Ar'rabon,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
patpri,  'a  suture,'  —  'without  suture.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  cranium  when  it  presents  no  su- 
tures. 

ARRECTIO,  Erection. 

ARREPTIO,  Insanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRtiT  jyHILDAN,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARR&TE  B(EUF,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRHCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  pew,  'I  flow/ 
The  suppression  of  any  flux.    Amenorrboea. 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRH08TIA,  Disease,  Infirmity. 

ARRUYTHMUS,  Cacorrhythmus. 

ARRIBA,  Geoffraea  vermifuga. 

ARRI&RE-BO  UOHE,  Pharynx  —  a.  -  Dent, 
see  Dentition — a.-Faix,  Seoundines. 

ARRIltRE-GOUT,  (F.)  'after  taste/  Tho 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for  some 
time  after  they  have  been  swallowed,  owing  per- 
haps to  the  papilla)  of  the  mouth  having  imbibed 
the  savoury  substance. 

ARRI&RES  NARINES,  Nares,  posterior. 

ARROCHE,  Atriplex  hortensis  —  a.  Puant, 
Cbeitopodium  vulvaria. 

ARHOSEMENT,  Aspersion. 

ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  LEAF,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  POISON.  This  differs  with  difforent 
tribes  of  Indians.  By  some,  the  poison  capsicum, 
and  infusions  of  a  strong  kind  of  tobacco,  and  of 
euphorbiaceas  are  mixed  together,  with  the  poi- 
sonous emmet,  and  the  teeth  of  the  formidable 
serpent,  called  by  the  Peruvian  Indians  Miua- 
maru  or  Jergon% — Lacheeis  picta  of  Tschudi. 

ARROW  ROOT,  Fec'ula  Maran'ta:,  Am'ylum 
maranta'ceum,  A.  America' num.  The  fecula  of 
the  rhizoma  of  Maran'ta  Arundina'cea,  which, 
like  all  feculro,  is  emollient  and  nutritive,  when 
prepared  with  water,  milk,  Ac. 

Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  that  Florida  arrow-root 
is  derived  from  Za'mia  integrifo'lia  or  Z. pu'mila, 
Sugar  pine  ;  Bermuda  arrow  root  being  ■»  btained 
from  Maranta  arundinacea.  Florida  arrow  root, 
as  well  as  the  farina,  is  known  in  the  Southern 
States  under  the  name  Goonti  or  Coontie. 

According  to  Dr.  Ainslie,  an  excellent  kind  of 
arrow  root  is  prepared  in  Travancore  from  the 
root  of  Curcuma  anguetifolia. 

Arrow  root  mucilage  is  made  by  rubbing  arrow 
root  powder  with  a  little  cold  water,  in  a  basin, 
by  means  of  the  back  of  a  spoon,  until  it  is  com- 
pletely mixed  with  the  water;  then  pouring  boil- 
ing water  over  it,  stirring  assiduously  until  a  soft, 
gelatinous,  tenacious  mucilage  is  formed;  and, 
lastly,  boiling  for  five  minutes.  A  tablespoonful 
of  arrow  root  powder  is  sufficient  to  make  a  pint 


ARROW  WOOD 


102 


ART 


of  mucilage.     It  may  be  moderately  sweetened  ; 
and  wine  or  lemon  juice  may  bo  added. 

With  milk  also  it  forms  a  bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet. 

Arrow  Root,  Brazilian.  The  fecula  of  Ja- 
tropha  Manihot. 

Arrow  Root,  Common,  see  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  India*.  The  fecula  of 
the  tubers  of  Curcuma  angustifolia  or  narrow- 
leaved  Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

ARROW  WOOD,  Euonymus,  Viburnum  den- 
datum. 

ARS  CABALISTICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria — a.  Clyamatiea  nova,  Infusion  of  me- 
dicines— a.  Coquinaria,  Culinary  art — a.  Cosme- 
tica,  Cosmetics — a.  Culinaria,  Culinary  art — a. 
Einpirica,  Empiricism — a.  Uerraetica,  Cbymistry 
—  a.  Homceopathica,  Homoeopathy — a.  Hydria- 
trica,  Hydrosudotherapcia — a.  Infusoria,  Infu- 
sion of  medicines — a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a. 
Majorum,  Chymistry — a.  Medioa,  Medicina — a. 
Obstetricia,  Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing 
— a.  Separatoria,  Chymistry — a.  Spagirica,  Chy- 
mistry — a.  Veterinaria,  Veterinary  Art — a.  Zoia- 
trica,  Veterinary  Art. 

ARS  ALTOS,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ARSENAL,  (F.)  Chirapothe'ca,  Armamenta'- 
rium,  A.  chirur'gicum.  A  collection  of  surgical 
instruments.  A  work  containing  a  description 
of  surgical  instruments. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arsen'ias.  A  salt  formed  by 
a  combination  of  arsenio  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 

Arsbniate  op  Ammonia,  Arsen'ias  Ammo'nia, 
Ammo' nium  Arsenic' icum,  (F.)  ArsSniate  d'Am- 
tnoniaquc.  This  preparation  is  highly  extolled 
in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain  of  the  salt  may 
be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  distilled  water,  and 
20  to  25  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  op  Iron,  Arsen'ias  Fcrri,  Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum,  F.  Arsen'icum  oxydula'tum,  (F.) 
Arstniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An  oint- 
ment may  be  made  of  gss  of  the  arseniate,  Jij  of 
the  phosphate  of  iron,  and  gvj  of  spermaceti 
ointment.  The  arseniate  has  also  been  given  in- 
ternally in  cancerous  affections,  in  the  dose  of  one- 
sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  op  Protox'ide  op  Potas'sifm, 
Proto-arsen'iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arseu'iate  of  Po- 
tassa,  Arsen'ias  Potassa,  Arsenias  Kali.  Pro- 
perties the  same  as  those  of  arsenious  acid. 

Arseniate  op  Quinia,  Quiniae  Arsenias. 

AR'SENIC,  Arsenicum.  A  solid  metal ;  of  a 
steel-gray  colour;  granular  texture;  very  brittle; 
volatilizing  before  melting;  very  combustible  and 
acidifiable.  It  is  not  dangerous  of  itself,  and  only 
becomes  so  by  virtue  of  the  facility  with  which  it 
absorbs  oxygen. 

ARSENIO  BLANC,  Arsenicum  album. 

Arsenic,  Iodide  op,  Arsen'ici  Jo'didum  seu 
Teriod'idum,  A.  Iodure'tum,  Arsen'icum  Ioda'- 
turn;  formed  by  the  combination  of  arsenious 
acid  and  iodine.  This  preparation,  applied  ex- 
ternally, has  been  highly  extolled  in  various  cu- 
taneous affections.  An  ointment  may  be  made 
of  three  grains  of  iodide  to  3jj  of  lard.  It  has 
also  been  given  internally  in  the  dose  of  a  tenth 
of  a  grain  in  similar  affections. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  op,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Ox- 
ide of,  White,  Arsenicum  album — a.  White,  Arse- 
nicum album. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  op,  Hydrar'- 
yyri  et  Arsen'ici  lo'didum,  Double  Podide  of 
Mer'cury  and  Ar'senic,  lodo-areenite  of  Mer'cury. 


A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efficacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or  the 
iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  triturating  6.08 
grains  of  metallic  arsenic;  14.82  grains  of  mer*, 
cury  ;  49  of  iodine,  with  a  fluidrachm  of  alcohol, 
until  the  ma«s  has  become  dry,  and  from  being 
deep  brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces 
of  distilled  water  are  poured  on,  and,  after  tritu- 
ration for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  transfer- 
red to  a  flask ;  half  a  drachm  of  hydriodic  acid, 
prepared  by  the  acidification  of  two  grains  of 
iodine,  is  added,  and  the  mixture  i*  boiled  for  a 
few  moments.  When  the  solution  it  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f^vig  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Araen'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri  lo'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which  by  measure  consists  of  water 
3J,  arsenious  acid  gr.  l-8th;  peroxide  of  mercury 
gr.  l-4th,  iodine  converted  into  hydriodic  acid 
gr.  3-4ths.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  V.  S. 
it  is  directed  to  be  made  of  Arsenici  lodidum  and 
Hydrargyri  lodidum  rubrum,  each  gr.  xxxv;  and 
Aqua  destillata  Oss;  dissolving  by  rubbing,  heat- 
ing to  the  boiling  point,  and  filtering. 

The  dose  of  Donovan'*  Solution,  is  from  tl^XT 
to  f  gss  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL  PASTE,  (F.)  Pdtc  Arsimcale. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  dragon's  blood,  and  8  of  am- 
nions acid ;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva,  when 
about  to  be  applied. 

ARSENICI  IODIDUM,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of— 
a.  Ioduretum,  Arsenio,  Iodide  of — a.  Teriodidum, 
Arsenic,  iodide  of. 

ARSENICISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning  by  arsenic. 

ARSENICUM  ALBUM;  White  Ar'senic,  Ox- 
ide of  Ar'senic,  Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici  ox'ydum  al- 
bum, Calx  Arsen'ici  alba,  Ac"idum  Arsenico'sum, 
A.  Arsenio' sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsen'ious  acid,  White 
oxide-  of  arsenic,  (F.)  Arsenic  blanc.  An  acid 
which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in  compact,  white, 
heavy,  fragile,  masses;  of  a  vitreous  aspect,  opake, 
and  covered  with  a  white  dust ;  of  an  acrid  and 
nauseous  taste;  without  smell  when  cold;  vola- 
tilizable  by  heat,  and  exhaling  the  odour  of  gar. 
lie :  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  oil ;  cry  stall  i- 
zable  in  regular  octahedrons.  It  is  this  that  is 
meant  by  the  name  arsenic,  as  commonly  used. 

Arsenicum  Album  Sublima'tum,  Sublimed 
Oxide  of  Arsenic,  is  the  one  employed  in  medi- 
cine. It  is  tonic  and  eschar  otic,  and  is  the  most 
virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is  used  in  in- 
termittents,  periodical  headache,  neuroses,  Ac 
Dose,  gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth  in  pill.  See 
Poisons,  Table  of. 

Arsenicum  Iodatum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a. 
Rubrum  Factitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASSES,  Arsenite  of  protoxide 
of  potassium — a.  Potasses  aquosus,  Liquor  arse* 
nicalis — a.  Potass©  liquidus,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

AR'SENITE,  Ar'senis.  A  salt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able base. 

Ar'benite  op  Pbotox'ide  op  Potas'sium,  Pro- 
to-ar'eenite  of  Potas'sium,  Ar'senite  of  Potassa, 
Ar'senis  Potassa.  An  uncrystallizable  and  co- 
lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  liquor 
arsenicalis,  which  see. 

Arsenite  op  Quinia,  Quinise  arsenis. 

ARSE-SMART,  Persicaria— a.  Biting,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper. 

ART,  HEALING,  Ars  Sanan'di,  ITcdicVna. 
The  appropriate  application  of  the  precepts  of 
the  best  physicians,  and  of  the  results  of  experi- 
ence to  the  treatment  of  disease. 


ARTABS 


103 


ARTERIA 


Art,  Veterinary,  Veterinary  art 

AR'TABE,  afrapTi.  Name  of  a  measure  for 
dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients,  equal 
at  times,  to  5  modii:  at  others,  to  3;  and  at 
others,  again,  to  7. — Galen. 

ARTANTHE  ELONGATA,  see  Matioo. 

AR'TELSHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  German  waters  have  been  much  recom- 
mended in  hysteria,  gout,  palsy,  Ac  Their 
physical  or  chemical  properties  have  not  been 
described 

ARTEMIS'IA,  AnacH'riofu  Called  after  a 
queen  of  the  name,  who  first  employed  it;  or 
from  Aprtftitf  'Diana;1  because  it. was  formerly 
used  in  diseases  of  women,  over  whom  she  pre- 
sided.   The  Gauls  called  it  Bricumum. 

Artemis'ia  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'- 
onum,  Abrot'anum  Catheum,  Abrot'anum  mae, 
Abratkan,  South' ernwood,  Oldman,  (F.)  Aurone, 
Aurone  mdle,  Aurone  dee  jardine,  Garde  robe, 
Citronelle.  Supposed  to  be  possessed  of  stimu- 
lant properties. 

Oil  of  Southernwood,  O'leum  Abrot'ani,  (F.) 
Huile  ov  Aurone,  possesses  the  aromatio  proper- 
ties of  the  plant 

Artemis'ia  Absin'thittm,  Abein'thium,  Abein'- 
tkium  vulgarly  Apein'thium,  Barypi'cron,  Com- 
mon  Wormwood,  (F.)  Absinthe.  Properties:  — 
tonic  and  anthelmintic.  The  Oil  of  Wormwood, 
O'leum  Absin'thii,  (F.)  Huile  d' Absinthe,  oontains 
the  aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant 

Artemisia  Apr  a,  a  South  African  species,  is 
tonic,  antispasmodic  and  anthelmintic ;  and  has 
been  used  in  debility  of  the  stomach,  visceral  ob- 
structions, jaundice  and  hypochondriasis.  It  is 
taken  in  infusion,  decoction  and  tincture.  A 
strong  infusion  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  as 
a  collyrium  in  weakness  of  the  eyes;  and  the 
pounded  leaves  and  stalks  are  employed  as  dis- 
cutienU  in  oedema  and  sugillations. 

Artemisia  Alba,  A.  Santonica— a.  Balsamita, 
A.  Pontica. 

Artemisia  Bien'nis,  Biennial  Wormwood/  in- 
digenous. 

Artemisia  Botrys,  Chenopodium  ambrosi- 
oides. 

Artemis'ia  Caupes'tris,  Field  Southernwood, 
(F.)  Aurone  dee  Ohampe.  This  possesses  the 
same  properties  as  A.  Abrot'anum, 

Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trys. 

Artemisia  Chinen'bis,  A,  In'dica,  A.  Moxa. 
From  this  tho  Chinese  form  their  moxas. 

Artemisia  Contra,  A.  Santonica. 

Artemisia  Dracun'culus,  Tarragon,  (F.) 
Armoiee  eetragon.  Virtues:  —  the  same  as  the 
last 

Artemis'ia  Glacia'lis,  Silky  Wormwood; 

Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A. 
Santonica  ; 

Artemisia  LsptophtllA,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Marjt'ima,  Abtin'thium  Mari'num 
sen  Marit'imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  Maritime  South- 
ernwood ;  * 

Artemisia  Moxa,  A.  Chinonsis ; 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tica,  A.  Roma'na  sen  Tenui- 
fo'lia  seu  BaleamVta  seu  Leptophyl'la,  Absinthi- 
um Pon'ticum  seu  "ifoma'num,  Roman  Wormwood, 
Leeeer  Wormwood,  possess  like  virtues ;  —  as  well 
as 

Artemisia  Romana,  A.  Pontica ; 

Artbmi8IA  Rubra,  A.  Santonica;  and 

Artemis'ia  Rupes'tris,  Creeping  Wormwood, 
Oen'ipi  album,  (F.)  Armoiee  blane,  Gfnipi  blane. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used  in 
inter  mitten  ts,  and  in  amenorrhea. 

Artemis'ia   Santon'ica,    Santon'icum,  Arte- 


misia contra,  Semen  contra  Vermes,  Semen  con- 
tra, S.  Zedoa'ria,  Oanni  Herba,  Chatmecedrie, 
ChamtBcyparie'eue,  Semen  Cina,  HagioeperJmumt 
Sanc'tum  Semen,  Abein'thium  Santon'icum,  Se- 
menti'na,  Xantoli'na,  Scheba  Ar'abum,  Artemie'ia 
Juda'ica,  Sina  seu  Oina  Levan'tiea,  Wormeeed, 
Tartarian  Southernwood,  (F.)  Barbotine.  Vir- 
tues : — anthelmintic  and  stimulant  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  3j  in  powder. 

Artemisia  Txnuifolxa,  A.  Pontica. 

Artemis'ia  Vuloa'ris,  Artemie'ia  rubra  et  alba, 
Oin'gulum  Saneti  Joan'nie,  Mater  Herba' rum,  Bc- 
renieecvm,  Bubaetecor'dium,  Oanapa'cia,  Mug- 
wort,  (F.)  Armoiee  ordinaire,  A.  Commune,  Herb* 
de  Saint  Jean.  This,  as  well  as  some  other 
varieties,  possesses  the  general  tonio  virtues  of 
the  Artemisia).  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been 
highly  extolled  by  the  Germans  in  eases  of  epi- 
lepsy. Dose  of  the  powder,  in  the  24  hours,  from 
3*sto3J. 

ART&RE,  Artery— a.  Braehial,  Brachial  ar- 
tery—a. Brachio-cfphalique,  Innominata  arteria 
— a.  Bronchique,  Bronchial  artery — a.  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Clitorienne :  see  Clitoris  —  a. 
Oacale:  Bee  Colio  arteries  —  a.  CollaUrale  du 
eoude,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a  Collatt- 
rale  externe,  Arteria  profunda  humeri — a.  Colla- 
1 6 rale  interne,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a. 
Coronaire  dee  Uvree,  Labial  artery — a.  Coronaire 
Stomachique,  Coronary  artery — a.  Crurale,  Crural 
artery — a.  Dcuxilme  dee  thoraciquee,  Arteria  tho- 
racica  externa  inferior — a.  £pineuee,  Meningeal 
artery,  middle— a.  Fimoro-popliUe,  Ischiatic  artery 
— a.  Feeei&re,  Gluteal  artery — a.  Guetrique  droitc, 
petite,  Pyloric  artery  —  o.  Qutturo-maxillaire, 
Maxillary  artery,  internal  —  a.  Honteuee  externe, 
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Honteuee  interne,  Pu- 
dic,  internal,  artery — a.  Hum 6 rale  profonde,  Ar- 
teria profunda  humeri — a.  Iliaque  primitive,  Iliao 
artery  —  a.  Innomine'e,  Innominata  arteria  —  a. 
Irienne,  Ciliary  artery — a.  hchio-penienne :  see 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Mtdiane  antfrienre, 
Spinal  artery,  anterior  —  a.  Mfdiane  poetfrieur* 
du  rachi*,  Spinal  artery,  posterior — a.  Mtningi* 
moyenne,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Menton- 
nilrc,  Mental  foramen — a.  Mcsocfphaliquc,  Basi- 
lary  artery  —  a.  MSeocolique :  see  Colic  artery—- 
a.  Mueculaire  du  brae,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  Mueculaire  du  brae,  grande:  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Mueculaire  grande  de  la 
cuieee,  Arteria  profunda  feinoris — a.  Opiethogae- 
trique,  Cceliac  artery — a.  Orbitaire,  Ophthalmic 
artery  —  a.  de  fOvaire,  Spermatio  artery  —  a. 
Pelvi-crurale,  Crural  artery  —  a.  Pelvi-crurale, 
Iliac  artery — a.  Pelvienne,  Hypogastric  artery— 
a.  Premiere  dee  thoraciquee,  Arteria  thoracica 
externa  superior  —  a.  Radio-earpienne  tranever- 
eale  palmaire,  Radio-carpal  artery  —  a.  Scrotale, 
Pudic,  external,  artery  —  a.  Soue-clavilre,  Sub- 
clavian artery— a.  Soue-pubio-fSmorale,  Obturator 
artery — a.  Soue-pubienne,  Pudio,  internal,  artery 
— a.  Sous-sternal,  Mammary,  internal — a.  Sphi- 
no-4pineuee,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Stomo- 
gaetrique,  Coronary  artery  —  a.  Sue-carpiennt: 
see  Sue-carpien  —  a.  Sue-maxillaire,  Alveolar 
artery  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire, .  Buccal  artery  —  a. 
Sue-mitatareienne,  Metatarsal  artery  —  o.  Sue- 
pubienne,  Epigastric  artery  —  a.  Teeticulaire, 
Spermatic  artery — a.  Thoracique  humSrale,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Trachflocervieal :  see  Cerebral 
arteries  —  a.  Trochantfrienne,  Circumflex  artery 
of  the  thigh — a.  Troieiime  dee  thoraciquee,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Tympanique,  Auditory  artery, 
external — a.  Uvfalei  see  Ciliary  artery— a.  VuU 
voire,  Pudic,  external,  artery. 

ARTERIA,  Artery— a.  Ad  Cutom  Abdominis, 
see  Ad  Cutem  abdominis,  (arteria) — a.  Anonyma, 


ARTERIAC 


104 


ARTERY 


Innominata  artery — a.  Aspera,  Trachea — a.  Ce- 
rebralis,  Carotid,  internal — a.  Cervicalis,  Basilary 
artery — a.  Coronaria  dextra,  Pyloric  artery — a. 
Crasso,  Aorta — a.  Externa  cubiti,  Radial  artery 
—a.  Dorsalis  metacarpi,  Metacarpal  artery — a. 
Dune  matris  media  maxima,  Meningeal  artery, 
middle  —  a.  Encephalica,  Carotid,  internal  —  a. 
Gastric*  superior,  Coronary  artery — a.  Hio-oolica : 
see  Colio  arteries — a.  Hiaca  interna,  Hypogastric 
artery — a.  Iliaca  posterior,  Hypogastric  artery — 
a.  Magna,  Aorta — a.  Magna  pollicis,  Princeps 
pollicis — a.  Malleolaris  externa :  see  Tibial  arte- 
ries— a.  Malleolaris  interna:  see  Tibial  arteries — 
a.  Mammaria  externa,  A.  Thoracica  externa,  in- 
ferior— a.  Maxima,  Aorta — a.  Media  anastomoti- 
ca:  see  Colic  arteries — a.  Meningsea  media,  Me- 
ningeal artery,  middle — a,  Muscolaris  femoris,  A. 
Profunda  femoris — a.  Pharyngea  suprema,  Ptery- 
goid artery  —  a.  Profunda  cerebri:  see  Cerebral 
arteries — a.  Pudenda  communis,  Pudio,  internal, 
artery  —  a.  Pudica,  Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a. 
Bamulus  ductus  Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  artery — 
a.  Spheno-spinosa,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a. 
Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri — a.  Sternalis,  Mam- 
mary, internal  —  a.  Supra-orbitalis,  Frontal  ar- 
tery—  a.  Sylviana:  see  Cerebral  arteries  —  a. 
Thoracica  axillaris  vel  alaris,  Scapular  artery, 
inferior — a  Thoracica  humeralis,  Acromial  artery 
— a.  Transversalis  colli :  see  Cerebral  arteries — 
a.  Transyersalis  humeri,  Scapular  artery,  superior 
—  a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery  —  a.  Uterina  hypo- 
gastrica,  Uterine  artery  —  a  Vasta  posterior,  A. 
Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RIAC,  Arteri'acus.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe.  Also  arte- 
rial. 

ARTE'RLB  ADIPO'S^E.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys  are  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramifications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic,  renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

Arteri.b  Apoplectics,  Carotids — a.  Capitoles, 
Carotids — a.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  arteries — a.  Corporis 
callosi  cerebri,  Mesolobar  arteries — a.  Jugulares, 
Carotids — a.  Lethargicse,  Carotids — a.  Mesolobi- 
C8B,  Mesolobar  arteries  —  a.  Praeparantes,  Sper- 
matic arteries — a.  Somnifortc,  Carotids — a.  Sopo- 
rales,  Carotids  —  a.  Soporariao,  Carotids — a.  Ve- 
nosre,  Pulmonary  veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arteriosus.  Bo- 
longing  to  arteries. 

Arterial  Blood,  (P.)  Sang  artiriel.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
fain  red  blood:  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(Y.)  Veines  artfrielles,  applied  to  them. 

Arte' rial  Duct,  Cana'lis  arteriofsus,  Ductus 
arUrio'sus,  D.  Botal'lii,  (P.)  Canal  artiriel,  Cj 
Pulmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the  foetus. 
When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after  birth,  it  is 
called  Arte'rial  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  artiriel. 
Arterial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
irom  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTER1ALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
HromatopU. 

ART&RIARCTIE,,  from  aprvpta,  'artery/  and 
arcto,  'I  straiten.'    Contraction  of  an  artery. 
ARTERIECTASIS,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIECTOP'IA,   from  afmpta,  'artery,' 
and  cffroirofc  'out  of  place.     Dislocation  of  an 
artery. 
ARTERTEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 
ARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 
ARTERIOGRAPHY,  Arterioara'phia  :  from 
ttfnypia,  'artery/  and  ypaty,  ' a  description.'    A 
(Inscription  of  the  arteries. 


ARTERIOLA.    A  small  artery. 

ARTERIOL'OGY,  Arteriolog"ia;  from  aprnfta, 
'artery/  and  Aoyo*,  ' a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
the  arteries. 

ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior 
of  the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS,  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOS'ITAS,  from  Arteria,  '  an  artery.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  preserves  in 
the  veins  the  arterial  character.  —  The  opposite 
to  Venositos. 

Arteriositas  Sanguinis,  Proe dominium  san- 
guinis arteriosi. 

ARTERIOSTEIE,  from  apnjpta,  'artery/  and 
ornov,  'a  bone/  Ossification  of  an  artery. — 
Piorry. 

ARTERIOT'OMY,  Arteriotom'ia,  from  aprnota, 
'  an  artery/  and  rqivw,  '  I  cut'  This  word  nos 
been  used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries.  Most 
commonly,  however,  .it  means  a  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  on  artery,  to 
draw  blood  from  it.  Arteriotomy  is  chiefly  used 
in  inflammatory  affections  of  the  head,  when  the 
blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the  temporal 
artery.     See  Blood-letting. 

ARTERI'TIS,  Arterii'tis,  Tnflamma'tio  Arte- 
ria'rum,  (F.)  Arttrite,  Inflammation  des  arteres; 
from  apnipia,  'an  artery/ and  itis,  a  termination 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  an  ar- 
tery. Inflammation  of  tho  inner  coat  of  an 
artery  is  termed  Endo-arteri'tis,  or  Endonar- 
teri'tis  ;  of  the  outer,  Exo-arteri'tis  or  Exar- 
teri'tis. 

AR'TERY,  Arte'ria,  (F.)  Artire,  from  aqo, 
'air/  and  rnpuv,  'to  preserve/  quasi,  'receptacle 
of  air/  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it  con- 
tained  air.  They,  at  first,  gave  the  name  Artery 
to  the  trachea,  apnjpia  rpa^tia,  because  it  is  filled 
with  air;  and  afterwards  they  used  the  same 
term  for  the  arteries,  properly  so  called,  probably 
because  they  commonly  found  them  empty  in  the 
dead  body.  We  find,  also,  <t>\tfits  to  designate 
the  arteries,  called  by  the  Latins  Vena  mican'tes 
pulsat'iles.  Arteries,  with  the  moderns,  signify 
the  order  of  vessels,  which  arise  from  the  two 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  and  have  valves  only  at 
their  origin.  They  are  cylindrical,  firm,  and 
elastic  canals ;  of  a  yellowish  white  colour;  little 
dilatable,*  easily  lacerable ;  and  formed,  1.  Of  an 
externa],  laminated  or  areolar  membrane,  of  a 
dense  and  olose  character.  2.  Of  a  middle  coat 
composed  of  fibres,  which  does  not,  however, 
contract  on  the  application  of  the  galvanio  stimu- 
lus •  and  3.  Of  an  inner  coat,  which  is  thin,  dia- 
phanous, reddish,  and  polished. 

The  use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  system. 
It  will  be  obvious,  however,  that  they  cannot  all 
convey  arterial  blood.  The  pulmonary  artery, 
for  example,  is  destined  to  convey  the  venous 
blood  to  the  lungs,  there  to  be  converted  into 
arterial;  whilst  the  pulmonary  veins  convey 
arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart 


TABLE    OV    THB 


PRINCIPAL 
B0DT. 


ARTERIES    OF     THB 


All  the  other  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the 
Pulmonary  Artery,  or  the  Aorta :  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distributed. 

I.  Arteria  Pulmokalis. 

The  Pulmonary  Artery  arise?  from  the  right 
ventricle,  and  soon  divides  into  a  right  and  left 
branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed  to 
lung. 


AETSRY 


105 


ARTERY 


IL  Abtbbia  Aorta. 
The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.    It  is 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  fire  portions. 

a.  Arteries  furnished  by  the  Aorta  at  its  origin, 

1.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  posterior. 

J>.  Arteriee  fumiohed  by  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. 
The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  off,  to  the  left,  two 
Considerable  trunks — the  Arteria  carotidea  pri- 
mitivaf  and  A.  subclavian  and,  to  the  right,  a 
■ingle  trunk,  which  is  larger — the  A,  innominata, 
or  Brachio-cenhalica,  which  divides  into  the  pri- 
mitive carotid  and  subclavian, 

A.  Arteria  Caro-  i  Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  exter- 
tu»ba  PiiMiTiVA.  l     na.  A.  Carotidea  interna. 
'Furnishes,  1.  A.  Thyrokdea  superior. 

2.  A.  HnguaUs,  which  gives  off  the  A.  dor- 
sal hi  iingue  and  A.  sublingualis. 

3.  A.  facialis  vel  A.  Maxtllaris  externa. 
which  furnishes  the  A.  palatum  infe- 
rior, the  A.  submental  is.  and  A.  coro- 
naria superior  and  inferior. 

4.  A.  occipitalis,  which  gives  off  the  A. 
mastoidea  posterior. 

5.  A.  auricularis  pssteriort  which  gives 
off  A.  stylo-mastoidea. 

6.  A.  pharyngea  inferior. 

The  external  carotid  ultimately  divides  into  the 
temporal  artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

Temwi-  <  Furnishes  A  transversalis  faciei.  A.  auricu- 

..  r9"     1       Iattm  anterior.  And  Jf.  tMmnawmlim  nmdin. 


a.A.Ca- 

rotidea 

externa. 


ralis.      l| 


3-jf. 

Vaxtlla- 
ris  in- 
tern*. 


b.  A.  Ca- 
rotidea 
interna. 


larts  anterior,  and  A.  tsmporatis  media. 

Furnishes  13  branches,  viz.  A.  meninges 
media,,  A.  dsntaris  inferior,  A.  tsmporatis 
profunda  posterior  A-  massstsrina%  A. 
pterygoidea,  A.  buccalis,  A.  temporalis  pro- 
funda anterior,  A.  alveolaris ;  A.  suborbi- 
tals, A.  vidiana,  A.  ptsrygopalatina  or 
pharyngea  superior,  A.  palatine  superior, 
and  A.  sphenopalatina. 

*  Furnishes,  1.  A.  ophthalmic*,  which  gives 
off  A.  lachrymalis,  A.  centralis  retina:,  A. 
supraorbitariavel  superciliaris,  A.ciliares 
posteriores,  A.  ciiiares  longs,  A.  muscu- 
larts  superior  et  inferior,  A.  ethmoidals 
posterior  et  anterior,  A.  palpebralis  supe- 
rior et  inferior,  A.  nasalis,  and  A.  fronta- 
lis. 2.  A.  communicant,  Willesii.  3.  A. 
choroids*.   4.  A.  cerebralis  anterior.  5.  A. 

.     csrebralis  modi*, 

'Furnishes,  1.  A.  vertebralie,  which  gives  off 
A.  spinalis  anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms— by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side— the  A. 
basilaria,  divided  into  A.  cerehellosa  su- 
perior and  A.  cerebralis  posterior.  3.  A. 
thyroids*  inferior,  which  gives  off  A.  cer- 
yvicalis  ascendens.  3.  A.  mammari*  in- 
terna, which  gives  off  the  A.  mediastina 
anterior  and  A.  diaphragmatica  superior. 
4.  A  intsreostalis  superior.  5.  A.  cerviea- 
lis  transversa.  6.  A.  scapularis  superior. 
7.  A.  cervicatts  posterior  vel  profunda. 
Farther  on,  the  subclavian  artery  conti- 
nues its  progress  under  the  name  A.  axil' 

.  laris. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  aeromialis.  2.  A,  thoracic* 
superior.  3.  A.  thoracica  inferior  vel  long  a 
vel  mammaria  externa.  4.  A.  scapularis 
inferior  vel  communis.  5,  A.  circumflex* 
posterior.  6.  A.  cireumjUxa  anterior.  Far- 
ther on,  the  axillary  artery  continues  un- 
der the  name  A.  brachialis. 
!  Furnishes  A.  humeralis  profunda  vel  collate- 
ralis  extern*.  2.  A.  collateralis  interna. 
It  afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries. 
Gives  off  A.  reeurrsns  radiaHs,  A.  dorsalis 
carpi,  A.  dorsalis  metacarpi.  A.  dorsalis 
pollicis,  and  terminates  in  forming  the 
Arcuspalmaris  profundus, 

( Gives  off  A.  rseurrens  cubitslis  anterior  and 
posterior:  A.  intsroesea  anterior  and  pos- 
terior, which  latter  furnishes  A.  rseurrens 
radialis  posterior.  It  terminates  in  form- 
ing the  superficial  palmar  arch,  which 
gives  ottA.  OoUaterales  digilorum. 


B.  A* 

TSRIA      . 

Subcla- 
vian 


A.  Axil- 
laris. 


l.A.Ra 

dialis. 


t-A.Cu- 


These 

aruriss' 
•re* 


c.  Arteries  given  off  by  the  Aorta  in  the  Tkarm, 

1.  A.  Bronchira.  dextra  et  sinistra. 

2.  A.  msephagtra  (to  the  number  of  fbw( 
five,  or  MX.) 

3.  A  mediaetm*  posteriores. 

4.  A.  intercottates  inferiores  vel   aortic*} 
(to  the  number  of  eight,  nine,  or  teu.) 

d.  Arteriee  furnished  by  the  Aorta  in  the  Abdomen, 

kZZ?L*5     h  Thc  ■*•  diaphragmatica  vel  phrenic* 
orancmss*  dsxtra  et  sinistra. 

*re,     % 

I  Which  divides  into  three  branches,  1.  A.  co- 
ronaria rentrtculi.    <i.  A.  Hepatica.  which 
gives  off  A.  pylonca.    A.  gastro-epiploica 
dextra  and  A.  cvstica ;  and,  lastly,  the  A. 
splenica,  which  gives  off  A.  ?aslro>epiplc~ 
ica  sinistra  and  Vasa  brevin. 
3.  A.     I  Which  givos  off  at  its  concavity  the  A.  cm* 
Mesen-  J     lica  dextra  superior,  mrdia  et  inferior,  and 
tenca    1     at  its  convex  part  from  15  to  SJU  Rami  in* 
superior  (     lest  in  ales. 

i  "f '     (Which  (rives  off  A.  eolica  superior  media, 
teriJa    \     and  •"/rr»*'r»  and  divides  into  A.  hemor- 
infsrtsr.  (     ^noidtle,  supenores. 
5.  The  A.  Capsularss  media  (to  the  number  of  two 

on  each  side.) 
o.  A.  Hsuales  vel  Emulgentes, 

7.  A.  Spermatic*. 

8.  A.  lumbares  (to  the  number  of  four  or  five  on 
each  side.) 

e.  Arteriee  resulting  from  the  Bifurcation  of  the 

Aorta, 
The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  gives  off 
the  A.  sacra  media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliac*)  pro* 
mitivm. 
A.  Iliaca  < ' 
primi-  «' 
tit*,    l1 

'Furnishes,  1.  A.  ilio-lumbaris.    2.  A. 

lateralis.  3.  A.  flute*  vel  iliaca  posterior. 
4.  A.  umbilicalts.  5.  A.  zest  colts.  0.  A, 
obluratoria.  7.  A.  hamsrrhoide*  medisu 
8  A.  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A, 
ischial  U  a.  ]  1.  A.  pudenda  intern*,  which 
gives  off  the  A.  hsmorrhoidales  inferiores, 
A,  of  the  septum,  A.  transverea  psrinei, 
A.  corporis  cavernosi ,  a  nd  A .  dorsalis  penis. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  epigastrica.  2.  A.  iliac*  an- 
terior vel  circumfiera  itii,  and  is  continued 
afterwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Ar- 
tery. 
Furnishes;  1.  A.  subcutane*  mbdominalis.  2. 
A.  pudenda  superfieialie  and  profund*.  3. 
A.  muscularis  superficial.    4,  A.  museu- 


a.  A.  Il- 
iaca in- 
terna. 


h.  A.  II-  * 

iaca  ex-. 

terna.  j* 


A.  Cru- 
ralis. 


A.  Pop- 
litca.   ^ 


l.A.Pe- 


2.  A  71- 

Halts 
postic*. 


Divides  into  A.  Iliac*  intern*  and  A.  IU*c* 
externa. 


laris  profunda,  which  gives  off  the  A.  cir- 
cumnexa  externa  and  interna,  and  the 
three  Terforantes,  distinguished  into  su- 
perior, middle,  and  inferior.  Farther  on, 
the  crural  artery  continues  under  the 
name  A.  Poplitaa. 
'Furnishes,  1.  A.  Articulares  superiores,  in- 
terna, media,  et  externa.  2.  A.  Oemellm. 
3.  A.  Articulares  inferiores,  interna  et  sx- 
tem*.  4.  A.  tibialis  antiea,  which,  at  the 
foot,  takes  the  name,  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and 
gives  off  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  arte- 
ries. In  the  leg,  the  popliteal  artery  di- 
vides into  the  peroneal  and  posterior 
tibial. 

Divides  into  A.  perouea  antic*  and  A.psro- 
n*  postic*. 

Divides  into  A.  plantar  is  intern*  and  A, 
planlaris  externa.  The  latter,  by  anasto- 
mosing with  the  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  forms 
the  plantar  arch,  whence  arise  Rami  su- 
periores vel  p  erf  or  antes  postici,  A.  Inferi- 
ores postici  st  antici,  which  give  off  Rami 
perforantes  antici. 

Artery,  Axgtjlar,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Articu- 
lar, Circumflex  artery — a.  Brachiocephalic,  Inno- 
minata arteria — a.  Central  of  the  retina,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central  of  Zinn,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina  —  a.  Cephalic,  Carotid— a. 
Cerebral  posterior,  Vertebral — a.  Cervieo-seapu- 
lar,  see  Cervical  arteries — a.  Coronary  of  the  lips. 
Labial  artery — a.  Crotaphite,  Temporal  artery— 
a.  Fibular,  Peroneal  artery  —  a.  Gastric  inferior, 


ARTETISCUS 


106 


ARTICULAR 


Gastro-epiploio  artery  —  a.  G  astro -hepatic,  see 
Gastroepiploic  artery — a.  Genital,  Pudic  (inter- 
nal) artery  —  a.  Guttural  inferior,  Thyroideal  A. 
Inferior — a.  Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal  A.  su- 
perior—  a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery  —  a.  Iliac 
E>sterior,  Gluteal  artery  —  a.  Hiaco-muscular, 
eo-lumbar  artery — a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a. 
Ijaryngeal  superior,  Thyroideal  artery,  superior 
—a.  Maxillary  internal,  Facial  artery — a.  Median 
of  the  sacrum,  Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Nasal, 
lateral,  large,  Spheno-palatine  artery — a.  Palato- 
labial,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Pericephalic,  Carotid 
(external)  —  a.  Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo- 
palatine artery  —  a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  ar- 
tery —  a.  Posterior  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebral  ar- 
teries—  a.  External  scapular,  Acromial  artery — 
a.  Spinal,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subcla- 
vian right,  Innoininata  arteria —  a.  Subscapular, 
Soapular  artery,  inferior  —  a.  Superficial  of  the 
abdomen,  Ad  cutom  abdominis  (arteria) — a.  Su- 
pramaxillary,  Alveolar  artery  —  a.  Suprarenal, 
Capsular  artery — a.  Thoracic,  internal,  Mammary 
internal — a.  Urethro-bulbar,  Transverse  perineal 
artery  —  a.  Vesico-prostatic,  Vesical  artery  —  a. 
Vidian,  Pterygoid  artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS ;  from  artus,  'a  limb.'  One 
who  has  lost  a  limb. 

ARTEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 

ARTHANI'TA,  from  apros,  'bread;'  the  Cyc'* 
lamen  or  Sowbread.  It  was  formerly  made  into 
ointment,  Unguen'tum  Arthani'tce,  with  many 
other  substances,  and  was  employed  as  a  purga- 
tive, being  rubbed  on  the  abdomen. 

Arthaxita  Cyclamex,  Cyclamen. 

ARTHETICA,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

ARTIIRAGRA,  Gout— a,  Anomala,  Gout,  an- 
omalous— a.  Gcnuina,  Gout,  regular — a.  Legiti- 
ma,  Gout,  regular — a.  Normalis,  Gout,  regular — 
a.  Vera,  Gout,  regular. 

ARTHRALGIA,  Arthrodynia,  Gout  See  Lead 
rheumatism. 

ARTHRELCO'SIS,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint/  and 
'tAwo-if,  'ulceration/     Ulceration  of  a  joint. 

ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.    The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint/ 
<v,  'in/  and  /?aAAu,  'I  cast.'  An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 

ANTHRETICA,  Teucrium  chamocpitys. 

'ARTURIT'IC,  Arthrit'icus,  from  apSpov,  'a 
joint'  (F.)  Arthritique,  Goutteux.  That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symp- 
tom, Ac. 

ARTHRITTCUS  VERUS,  Gout 

ARTHRITIF'UGUM;  from  arthritis,  'gout,' 
and  fugare,  'to  drive  away.'  A  remedy  that 
drives  away  gout  Hey  den  terms  cold  water, 
internally,  the  arthritifugum  magnum. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthrophlogosis,  Arthro- 
eia  —  a.  Aberrans,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Acuta, 
Gout  (regular) — a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism, 
chronic — a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) — a.  Atonic, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec- 
toris— a.  Erratica,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Hydrar- 
thros,  Hydrarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (re- 
gular)— a.  Juvenilis,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — a. 
Maxillaris,  Siagonagra  —  a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with 
nodosities) — a.  Planetica,  Gout  (wandering) — a. 
Podagra,  Gout — a.  Rheumatica,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute — a.  Rheumatism  us,  Rheumatism,  acute  — 
a.  Betrograda,  Gout  (retrograde.) 
,  ARTHROC'ACE,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint,'  and 
«a*<*,  *  bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints ;  and  espe- 
cially caries  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
ventosa.  x 

Arthroc\cb  Coxarux,  Coxarum  morbus. 

ARTHROCACOLOG"IA,  from  arthrocacia  — 
according  to  Rust*  a  chronic  disease  of  the  joints ; 


and  \oyoe,  '  a  description/  The  doctrine  of  chro- 
nic diseases  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROCARCINO'MA,  from  apSpw,  '• 
joint,'  and  xapKiv^fta,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS,froma/>Vy,  '» 
joint,'  xov&P°s>  *a  cartilage/  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cartilages 
and  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  «pfyw,  'a  joint'  Adar- 
ticula'tio.  A  moveable  joint,  formed  by  the  head 
of  a  bone  applied  to  the  surface  of  a  shallow 
socket,  so  that  it  can  execute  movements  in  every 
direction.  Arthro'dium  is  '  a  small  joint :'  dimi- 
nutive of  Arthrodia. 

ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  ArthraV- 
gia,  from  apfyov,  'articulation/  and ofor*,  'pain.' 
Articular  pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheu- 
matism, chronic. 

Arthrodynia  Podagrica,  Gout 

ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog"ia,  from  apSpov, 
'a  joint/  and  \oyos,  ' a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  the  joints.     The  anatomy  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROM'BOLE,  from  apSpv,  and  0oaX», 
'I  cast'  Coaptation,  reduction.  Reduction  of 
a  luxated  or  fractured  bone. 

ARTHROMENINGITIS,  Meningarthrocaco. 

ARTHRON,  '  a  joint'  The  ancients  used  the 
word  Arthron,  for  the  articulation  of  bones  with 
motion,  in  opposition  to  Symphysis,  or  articula- 
tion without  motion. 

ANTJIRONALGIA,  Arthrodynia. 

ARTHRON'CUS,  Arthrophy'ma;  from  ap$pov, 
'a  joint/  and  oyxos,  'a  swelling.'  Tumefaction 
of  a  joint 

ARTHRONEMPYESIS,  Arthropyosis. 

ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from  apSpov,  'a joint,' 
and  0\cyu,  'I  burn/  Arthri'tis,  Qatar  thro' sis. 
Inflammation  of  the  joints. 

ARTIIROPHYMA  ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
see  Adenochondrius. 

ARTHROPYO'SIS,  Arthronempye'si;  from 
apSpovt  'a  joint,'  and  rvov,  'pus.'  Suppuration 
or  abscess  of  the  joints. 

ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism 
(acute.) 

ARTnRO'SIA,  from  «p$po«,  'I  articulate/ 
Arthritis,  (of  some.)  Inflammation,  mostly  con- 
fined to  the  joints  ,•  severely  painful ;  occasionally 
extending  to  the  surrounding  muscles. \  A  genus 
of  diseases  in  the  Nosology  of  Good,  including 
Rheumatism,  Gout,  Articular  inflammation,  Joint- 
ache,  <tc. 

Arthrosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism,  acute  — a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Lumborum, 
Lumbago — a.  Podagra,  Gout — a.  Podagra  com- 
plicata,  Gout  (retrograde)  —  a.  Podagra  larvata, 
Gout  ( atonic) — a.  Podagra  regularis,  Gout  (re- 
gular.) 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ARTHROSPON'GUS,  from  afipov,  'a  joint,' 
and  vnoyyos,  'a  sponge.'  A  white,  fungous  tu- 
mour of  the  joints. 

ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint,' 
and  rpavfia,  'a  wound.'    A  wound  of  a  joint 

AR'TIA.  According  to  some,  this  word  is  sy- 
nonymous with  ap-nipia;  others  use  it  synony- 
mously with  Trachea. 

ARTWHA  UT,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICHOKE,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICLE,  Articulation. 

ARTICOCALUS,  Cynara  Bcolymus. 

ARTICULAR,  Articula'ris:  from  artus,  'a 
joint/  articulu;  '  a  small  joint'  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  articulations; — as  the  articular  cap- 
sules, Ac. 

Articular  Arteries  of  the  Abu,  Circum- 
flex arteries  of  the  arm. 


ARTICULATIO 


107 


ARYMNA 


Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the  Knee  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the  tibio- 
femoral articulation.  Although  of  a  small  size, 
they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood  to  the 
lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for  popliteal 
aneurism.  They  are  distinguished  into  superior 
and  inferior.  The  superior  articular  arteries, 
popliteal  articular  arteries,  are  commonly  three 
in  number ;  one  of  which  is  internal,  another  ex- 
ternal, and  another  middle,  the  az'ygous  artic'- 
ular. The  first,  Ramus  anastomot'icus  magnus, 
anastomoses  by  one  branch  with  the  external  cir- 
cumflex ;  and  by  another  with  the  external  supe- 
rior articular.  The  second  anastomoses  with  the 
external  circumflex,  the  superior  internal  arti- 
cular, and  the  inferior  external  articular;  and 
the  third  is  distributed  within  the  joint.  The  in- 
ferior  articular  arteries  are  two  in  number :  an 
internal  and  external.  The  former  anastomoses 
with  the  internal  superior  articular  and  the  ex- 
ternal inferior  articular.  The  latter  anastomoses 
with  the  recurrent  branch  of  the  anterior  tibial, 
and  the  external  superior  articular.  To  each 
articular  artery  there  is  an  articular  nerve. 

Artic'ular  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous 
surfaces,  by  means  of  which  the  bones  are  arti- 
culated. 

Articular  Processes,  see  Vertebrae. 

Artic'ular  Veins  of  the  knee  follow  the 
game  course  as  the  arteries. 

ARTICULATIO,  Articulation —a.  Artificialis, 
Pseudoarthrosis — a.  Notha,  Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTICULA'TION,  Joint,  Articula'tio,  Ar- 
throsis, Asuarthro'sis,  Artic'ulus,  Junctu'ra,  Cola, 
Oonjunc'tio,  Nodus,  Commissu'ra,  Oompa'ge; 
Syntax' it,  Jffar'aiM,  Verticfula,  Vertic'ulus,  Ver- 
tic'ulum,  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.  Same  ety- 
mon. The  union  of  bones  with  each  other,  as 
well  as  the  kind  of  union. 

table  or  articulations. 

Articulations  are  generally  divided  into  Diar- 
throses  or  moveable  articulations,  and  Synar- 
throses or  immoveable. 

1.  Amphiarthrosi*. 

S.  Di arthrosis,  orbicu- }  Enarthrosis. 

lar  vague.  \  Arthrodia. 

3.  Alternative  or  Ginglymus,  which 

admits  of  varieties. 
1.  Suture. 
3.  Harmony. 

3.  Gom phosis. 

4.  Schindylesis. 


Diarthrosss. 


SgnartXrosss. 


The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
diseases,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These  may  be  physical,  as  wounds,  sprains,  luxa- 
tions, Ac. ;  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  ankylosis, 
extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism,  gout,  hy- 
drarthroses, arthropyosis,  Ac 

Articulation  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.     See  Voice. 

Articulation,  False,  Pseudarthro'sis,  Artie' - 
ulus  falsus,  (F.)  A.  fausse,  A.  accidentelle,  A. 
eontre  nature,  A.  anormale.  A  false  joint,  formed 
between  fragments  of  bone,  that  have  remained 
ununited;  or  between  a  luxated  bone  and  the 
surrounding  parts. 

ARTICULATION  EN  CBARNIERE,  Gin- 
glymus— a.  de  la  Uanche,  Coxo-femoral  articula- 
tion. 

ARTICULI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalan- 
ges of  the  fingers — a.  Digitorum  pedis,  Phalanges 
of  the  toes. 

ARTICULO  MORTIS,  see  Psychorages  —  a. 
Spinalis,  Semispinalis  colli. 

ARTIFICIAL,  Artificia'lis,  (F.)  Artificiel; 
from  ars,  artis,  'art/  ana  facer  e,  'to  make.  That 
which  is  formed  by  art. 


Artificial  Etes  are  usually  made  of  enamel, 
and  represent  a  sort  of  hollow  hemisphere,  which 
is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when  the  eye  if 
lost. 

Artificial  Teeth  are  made  of  ivory,  porce- 
lain, Ac. 

PIECES  D'ANA  TOM  IE  A II TIFICIELL  ES, 
are  preparations  of  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax, 
plaster,  paper,  Ac. 

ARTISCOCCUS  L-SVI8,  Cynara  scolymns. 

ARTIS'CUS,  from  afros,  'bread.'  See  Tro- 
ehiscus.  A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  small  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troch  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCAR'PUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree,  (F.) 
Jaquier.  A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because 
the  fruit,  which  is  milky,  and  juicy,  supplies  the 
place  of  bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows  to 
the  height  of  40  feet 

Artocarpus  Intrgrifolia,  Caoutchouc 

ARTOC'REAS,  from  aprot,  'bread/  and  mm* 
'flesh/  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made  of  va- 
rious aliments  boiled  together. — Galen. 

ARTOG'ALA,  from  apr*s,  'bread/  and  vo>a, 
'  milk/  An  alimentary  preparation  of  bread  and 
milk.    A  poultice. 

ARTOM'ELI,  from  apros,  'bread/  and  ush, 
'honey/  A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. — 
Galen. 

ARTUS,  Membrnm. 

ARTY  MA,  Aroma,  Condiment. 

ARUM,  A.  maculatum,  and  A.  triphyllum — a. 
Americanum  betss  foliis,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

ARUM  Dracun'culus,  Dracun'culus  polyphyV- 
lus,  Colubri'na  Dracon'tia,  Erva  de  Sancta  Ma- 
ria, Gig'arus  serpenta'ria,  Arum  polyphyl'lum, 
Serpenta'ria  Oallo'rum.  Family,  Aroidese.  Sex. 
Syst.  MonoDcia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and  leaves 
are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resembles  the 
A.  macula' turn  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Esculen'tum,  Calf'dium  esculen'tum, 
Taro,  Kalo.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or  boil- 
ing; in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  Ac. 

Arum  Macula'tum,  Aran,  Arum  (of  the  older 
writers),  A.  vulga'ri,  Cuckow  Pint,  Rarba  Aaro'- 
nis,  Serpenta'ria  minor,  Zin' giber  German' icum, 
Sacer  do' tis  penis,  Wake  Robin,  Priest's  pintle,  (F.) 
Gouet,  Pied  de  Veau.  The  fresh  root  is  stimu- 
lant internally.  Dose,  Jj.  of  the  dried  root 
Externally,  it  is  very  acrid.  From  the  root  of 
this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared,  which  is  called 
Portland  Island  Sago,  Oersa  serpenta'ria,  Cerus*- 
sa  serpenta'ria,  Fec'ula  art  macula' ti. 

Arum,  Three-Leaved,  Arum  triphyllum. 

Arum,  Triphtl'lum,  Three-leaved  arum,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Veau  triphylle,  Indian  Turnip,  Dragon 
Root,  Dragon  Turnip,  Pepper  Turnip.  This* 
plant  grows  all  over  the  United  States,  and  is 
received  into  the  Pharmacopoeia  under  the  title 
Arum.  The  recent  root,  or  Cormus — Arum,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  —  is  very  acrimonious,  and  has  been  em- 
ployed in  asthma,  oroup,  and  hooping-cough. 
Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been  used  in  tinea  capitis, 
and  in  milk  in  consumption. 

Arum  Viroinicum,  Peltandra  Virginica  —  a, 
Vulgare,  A.  maculatum. 

ARUMARI,  Caramata. 

ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo  — a.  Brachii 
major,  Ulna  —  a.  Brachii  minor,  Radius — a.  In- 
dica,  Sagittarium  alexipharmacum  —  a.  Major, 
Tib**  —  a.  Minor,  Fibula  —  a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saccharum. 

ARVA,  Ava. 

ARVUM.  Vulva — a.  Naturae,  Uterus. 

ARY-ARYTENOID^US,  Arytenoidams—  t*- 
Epiglotticu*,  Arytseno-epiglotticus. 

ARYT-E'NA,  opvrai**, '  a  ladle.'    Hence, 


ARYT^ENO-EPIGLOTTICUS 


108 


ASCIA 


ARYTiE'NO-EPIGLOT'TICTJS,  Arytm'no- 
epiglottids'us,  Ary-epiglot'ticus.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 
Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to  the  free 
edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do  not  al- 
ways exist.  They  form  part  of  the  arytenoid 
muscle  of  modern  anatomists. 

AR'YTENOID,  ArytasnoV des,  Arytenoids' us, 
from  apvTaiva,  'a  ladle/  and  «&>;,  'shape.'  Ladle- 
shaped. 

Arytenoid  Car'tilages,  OartHag"ines  aryte- 
noi'des,  C.  guttura'les,  C.  Gutturi'ns,  C.  gutturi- 
for'mes.  C.  triq'uetrs,  Guttur'nia,  are  two  carti- 
lages of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly  above  the 
cricoid,  which,  by  approximation,  diminish  the 
aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their  uppor  extremi- 
ties or  cornua  are  turned  towards  each  other, 
and  are  now  and  then  found  loose,  in  the  form  of 
appendices,  which  are  considered,  by  some,  as 
distinct  cartilages,  and  termed  cuneiform  or  tu- 
berculated  Cartilages  or  Cornic'ula  Laryn'gis. 

Arytenoid  Glands,  Gland' ids  Arytenoids' s, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a  mu- 
cous fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

ARYTENOID^'US,  (F.)  Arytenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions; — the  Arytenoids' us  transver'sus, 
or  Ary -arytenoids' us,  and  two  Arytenoids' i  ob- 
li'qui. 

ARYTH'M,  Aryth'mus,  from  a,  privative,  and 
fvOpof,  'rhythm/  'measure/  Irregular.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida.    See  Assa. 

ASAFCE'TIDA,  Ajssafce'tida,  Assafet'ida,  Ster- 
eus  diab'oli,  Gibus  Deo'rum.  Asa,  DeviVs  dung, 
Food  of  the  Gods.  A  gum-resin  —  the  concrete 
juice  of  Fer'ula  Assafos'tida,  Narthex  Assafoe'- 
tida.  Order,  Umbelliferss.  It  is  in  small  masses 
of  a  whitish,  reddish,  and  violet  hue,  adhering 
together.  Taste  bitter  and  subacrid:  smell  in- 
supportably  alliaceous.  The  Asiatics  use  it  re- 
gularly as  a  condiment 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx,  in 
pill. 

ASAGR^EA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Veratrina. 

AS'APES,  '  crude/  Asep'ton.  A  term  applied 
to  the  sputa,  or  to  other  matters  evacuated,  which 
do  not  give  signs  of  coction. 

ASAPIl'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  va<pvi, 
'clear/  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin,  which 
may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms,  with  a  black 
head.    See  Acne. 

ASAPH  I 'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  vaQris, 
*  clear/  Dyspho'nia  immodula'ta  palati'na,  Pa- 
rapho'nia  guttura'lis;  P.  palati'na.  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate. — 
Hippocrates,  VogeL 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum  — a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asarum  Ganadense. 

ASAR'CON,  from  a,  privative,  and  aatf,  'flesh/ 
Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the  term  for  the 
head  when  it  is  but  little  fleshy,  compared  with 
the  chest  and  abdomen. 

AS  ARE  T,  Asarum  —  a.du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense.  # 

ASARI'TES,  from  aoapov,  'the  asarum/  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingredient. 
— Dioscorides. 

AS'ARUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  <ratpciv,  'to 
adorn:'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 


coronal  wreaths ;  As' arum  Europs'um,  A.  oJRci- 
na'le,  Nardus  Monta'na,  Nardus  Rust'ica,  Az'- 
arum,  (F.)  Asaret  ou  Cabaret,  Oreille  d'homme, 
Oreillctte,  Girard-Roussin,  Nard  Sauvage.  Fam, 
Aroidcse.  Sex.  Sytt.  Dodecandria  Monogynia. 
The  plant,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  Ae'arum  Eu- 
rops'um, Asarabac'ca,  and  of  this  the  leaves. 
They  are  emetic,  cathartic,  and  errhine,  but  are 
hardly  ever  employed,  except  for  the  last  purpose. 

Asarum  Canadkx'sE,  A.  Carolinia'num,  Ca- 
nada Snakeroot,  Wild  Ginger,  Colt's  Foot,  Broad- 
leaf  Asarabacca,  Indian  Ginger,  Heart  Snake- 
root,  (F.)  Asaret  du  Canada.  The  root  As' arum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger,  and 
is  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
phoretic. 

Asarum  Carolinianux,  A.  Canadense  —  a. 
Europceum,  sec  Asarum — a.  Hypocistis,  Cytinus 
hypocistis — a.  Officinale,  see  Asarum. 

ASBESTOS  SCALL,  see  Eczema  of  the  hairy 
scalp. 

ASCAIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ascain 
is  a  village,  situate  about  a  league  from  St  Jean- 
de-Luz,  in  France.  The  water  is  a  cold  chaly- 
beate. 

ASCARDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
vKapSapvrrw,  'I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who  stares 
with  fixed  eyes,  without  moving  the  eyelids.— 
Hippocrates. 

ASCARICIDA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Verno- 
nia  anthelmintics. 

ASCARIDE  LOMBRICOlDE,  Ascaris  lum- 
bricoides — a.  Vermiculaire,  Ascaris  verniicularis. 

AS'CARIS,  pi.  ASCAR'IDES,  from  acKaptfr, 
'I  leap/  A  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  charac- 
terized by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  extenuated 
at  the  extremities ;  and  having  a  mouth  furnished 
with  three  tubercles,  from  which  a  very  short 
tube  is  sometimes  seen  issuing.  Formerly,  there 
were  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the  Ascaris — the 
As'caris  lumbriooVdes,  Lumbri'cus,  L.  teres  hom'- 
inis,  Scolex,  As'caris  gigas  hom'inis,  (F.)  Lombri- 
coxde,  Asearide  lombricolde,  Lombric,  L.  Teres, 
or  long  round  worm ;  and  the  As'caris  Vermicu- 
la'ris — the  Ascaris  proper— the  thread  worm  or 
maw  worm.  The  former  is  alone  included  nnder 
the  genus,  at  present — a  new  genus  having  been 
formed  of  the  A.  vermicularis,  under  the  name 
Oxyuris.  It  is  the  Oryu'ris  vermicula'ris,  (F.) 
Asearide,  A.  vermiculaire,  Oryure  vermiculaire. 

A  new  species  of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Bellingham,  the  As'caris  ala'ta. 

Ascaris  Alata,  see  Ascaris  —  a.  Gigas  bo- 
minis,  see  Ascaris — a.  Lumbricoides,  see  Ascaris 
— a.  Trichuria,  Trichocephalus — a.  Vermicularis, 
see  Ascaris. 

AS'CELES,  As'keles,  Carens  cru'ribus,  from  a, 
privative,  and  ckcXos,  'a  leg/  One  who  has  no  legs. 

ASCELLA,  Axilla. 

ASCEN'DENS,  from  ascendere,  (ad  and  scan- 
dere,)  'to  ascend/  (F.)  Ascendant.  Parts  are 
thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise  in  a  re- 
gion lower  than  that  where  they  terminate. 
Thus,  Aorta  ascendens  is  the  aorta  from  its  ori- 
gin to  the  arch :  Vena  cava  ascendens,  the  large 
vein  which  carries  the  blood  from  the  inferior 
parts  to  the  heart :  Obliquus  ascendens  (muscle,) 
the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen,  Ac 

ASCEN'SUS  MORBI.  The  period  of  inorease 
of  a  disease. 

ASCESIS,  Exercise. 

ASCHIL,  Scilla. 

ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS,  Syndac'tylus :  from 
a,  privative,  cruras,  'cleft/  and  6aierv\os,  'a 
finger/  A  monster  whose  fingers  are  not  sepa- 
rated from  one  another. — Gurlt 

AS'CIA,  Axini,  'an  axe/  Scepar*nos,  Dol'abra, 
Fas' da  spira'lis.  Name  of  a  bandage  mentioned 


ASCILLA 


109 


ASPEN 


by  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  and  figured  by  Scul- 
tetus,  in  the  shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet — Galen. 
See  Doloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCI'TES,  from  amros,  '  a  bottle :'  —  AskVtes, 
Hydroce'U  Peritonm'i,  Hydrops  Abdom'inis,  H. 
Ascites,  Hydrogas*  ter,  Hydropsritone'um,  Hydro- 
ea'lia,  Hydre'trum,  Ascli'tes,  dxlioch'y  sis.  Dropsy 
of  the  lower  belly,  Dropsy  of  the  Peritone'um,  (F.) 
Ascite,  Hydro-piritonie,  HydropisieduBas-ventre. 
A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in  the  abdomen.  As- 
cites proper  is  dropsy  of  the  peritoneum ;  and  is 
characterized  by  increased  size  of  the  abdomen, 
by  fluctuation  and  the  general  signs  of  dropsy. 
It  is  rarely  a  primary  disease,;  but  is  always 
dangerous,  and  but  little  susceptible  of  cure. 
Most  generally,  it  is  owing  to  obstructed  circu- 
lation in  some  of  the  viscera,  or  to  excitement  of 
the  vessels  of  the  abdominal  organs.  The  treat- 
ment is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  other  drop- 
sies. Paracentesis,  when  had  recourse  to,  can 
only  be  regarded  as  a  palliative. 

Dropsy  of  the  peritoneum  may  also  be  saccated 
or  in  cysts,  and  occasionally  the  fluid  accumulates 
exterior  to  the  peritoneum,  Hydrepigas' trium. 
When  in  cysts  it  is  termed  Hydrocys'tis,  Hydrops 
abdom'inis  sacca'tus,  H7~cy$'ticus  and  Asci'tes 
sacca'tus. 

Ascites  Hbpato-Cybticus,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
cular fellese — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Puru- 
lentus,  Pyoccelia — a.  Saccatus,  see  Ascites,  Hy- 
droarion,  and  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCLEPFAD.E,  Asclepi'.ades;  from  A«Xij«-<o$, 
'  igsculapius.'  The  priest  physicians,  who  served 
In  the  ancient  temples  of  JSsculapius,  and  who 
took  their  name  from  being  his  descendants. 

ASCLE"pIADE,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

ASCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A.  vincetoxicum  —  a- 
Apocynum,  A.  Syriaca. 

Ascle'pias  Asthmat/ica,  Cy  nan' chum  Ipecacu- 
sm'ha,  (F.)  Ipecacuanha  blanc  de  File  de  France. 
A  creeping  plant  of  the  Isle  of  France,  regarded 
as  a  specific  in  asthma. 

Asclepias  Crispa,  Qomphooarpus  crispus. 

Asclepias  Curassav'ica,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
anha, Bedhead,  Bloodweed.  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  It 
k  the  Ipecacuanha  blanc  of  St  Domingo. 

Asclepias  Decux'bens;  the  root  Escharotic, 
cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

Asclepias,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnate. 

Asclepias  Gigacte'a.  The  milky  juice  is 
Tory  caustic  It  is  used  in  Malabar  against 
herpes;  and,  mixed  with  oil,  in  gout  See 
Mudar. 

Ascle'pias  Incarka'ta,  Flesh-coloured  ascle- 
pias. The  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  has  the  same  virtues 
as  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Obotata,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Proc"era  ( ? )  Beidelossar;  Bei- 
delsar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indolent 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is  used 
as  such. 

Asclepias  Psettbosarsa,  Homidesmus  In- 
dians— a.  Pubescens,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Syriaca,  A.  pubes'cens,  A.  apoc"y- 
nutn,  A.  obova'tu  seu  tomento'sa,  Common  Silk- 
need,  Milk  Weed,  (F.)  Herbe  d  la  houette.  The 
cortical  part  of  the  root  has  been  given,  in  pow- 
der, in  asthmatic  and  pulmonic  affections  in  ge- 
neral, and,  it  is  said,  with  success. 

Ascle'pias  Sullivan'tii,  Smooth  Milkweed, 
Silk  weed;  indigenous,  possesses  the  same  virtues 
as  the  next 

Asclepias  TomsirrosA,  A.  Syriaca. 

Ascle'pias  Tubero'sa,  Butterfly  Wted,  Pleu- 


risy Root,  Flux  Boot,  Wind  Boot,  White  Root, 
Orange  Swallow  Boot,  Silk  Weed,  Canada  Boot, 
Orange  Apoc"ynum,  Tuberous  Booted  Swal'low 
Wort.  Hat.  Ord,  Asclepiadess.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Said  to  have  been  first  recom- 
mended by  the  Asclepiades.  In  Virginia  and  the 
Carolinae,  the  root  of  this  plant  has  been  long 
celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  pneumonic  affections. 
It  is  sudorific,  and  the  powder  acts  as  a  mild 
purgative.  Its  chief  powers  are  said  to  be  expec- 
torant diaphoretic,  and  febrifuge.  It  is  occa- 
sionally given  to  relieve  pains  of  the  stomach 
from  flatulency  and  indigestion. 

Asclepias  Vincetox'ictm,  A.  Alba,  Cynan'- 
chum  Vincetox'icum,  Vincetox'icum,  V.  Officina'tt, 
Hirundina'ria,  Apoc"vnum  Nova  An'glia  hirsu- 
tum,  Ac,  Swallow- Wort,  White  Swallow- Wort, 
(F.)  Asclfpiade,  Dompte-venin. 

The  root  is  said  to  be  stimulant  diuretic,  and 
emmenagogue,  but  is  hardly  ever  used. 

ASCLEPIASMUS,  HsBmorrhoi*. 

ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCO'MA,  from  uncos,  « a  bottle.'  The  emi- 
nence of  the  pubes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ASE,  Anxiety. 

ASELLI,  Onisci  aselli, 

ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  torn*  asnua,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  cnt*<*t  'a  sign/  A  crisis  occurring  unex- 
pectedly an  d  w  ithou t  the  ordinary  precursory  signs. 

ASEPTON,  Asapes. 

ASH,  BITTER,  Quassia  — a.  Blue,  Fraxinus 
quadrangulata  —  a.  Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia 
— a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  olava 
Herculis  —  a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum  —  a.  Stinking,  Ptelea  trifoliate  —  a. 
Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior — a.  White,  Fraxinus 
Americana. 

ASIT"IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  etrsf,  'food.' 
Abstinenoe  from  food.  Want  of  appetite, — Fas- 
tid'ium  cibo'rum,  Apoclei'sls. 

ASIUS  LAPIS,  Assius  Lapis. 

ASJAGAN,  As'jogam.  An  Indian  tree,  the 
juice  of  whose  leaves,  mixed  with  powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic 

ASJOGAM,  Asjagan. 

ASKELES,  Asceles. 

AS  KITES,  Ascites. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'des,  from  am,,  'disgust,'  'satk 
ety.'  A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety  and 
nausea  j  Fe'bris  aso'des  vel  azo'des. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  froma*roAa{,  'a mole,'  and 
ewfia,  'body.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in  which 
there  is  imperfect  development  of  the  eyes. — 
I.  G.  St  Hilaire.  Also,  a  malformation,  in  which 
the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  chiefly  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen ;  the  urinary  ap- 
paratus, genitals  and  rectum  opening  externally 
by  three  distinct  orifices. — Vogel. 

ASPALTUM,  Asphaltum. 

ASPARAGINE,  see  Asparagus. 

ASPAR'AGUS,  Asparagus  officinalis,  Com- 
mon Asparagus,  SpaPagus,  Speragus,  Sparrow 
Grass,  Grass.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodelese.  Sex.  SysU 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  Aspar'aai  officinalis  Tu- 
rio'nes,  (F.)  Asperge.  The  fresh  roots  are  diu- 
retic, perhaps  owing  to  the  immediate  crystal- 
lizable  principle,  Asparagine.  The  young  shoots 
are  a  well  known  and  esteemed  vegetable  diet 
They  communicate  a  peculiar  odour  to  the  urine 
A  syrup  made  of  the  young  shoots  and  an  extract 
of  the  roots  has  been  recommended  as  a  sedative 
in  heart  affections. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an  in- 
fusion of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  constring- 
ing  the  vagina. 

ASPEN,  AMERICAN,  Populus  tremuleite 
—a.  European,  Populus  treinula. 


ASPERA  ARTERIA 


110 


ASPLENIUM 


ASPERA  ARTERIA,  Trachea. 

ASPERGE,  Asparagus. 

ASPERITAS   ARTERIES  ASPERA,  Rau- 

ASP&RITJ&  BES  PA  UPII&RES,  Trachoma. 
ASPER'ITY,  Asper'itas,  roughness.    Asperi- 
ties are  inequalities  on  the  surfaces  of  bones, 
which  often  serve  for  the  insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 
ASPERMATIA,  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERM  ATIS'M  US.  Asper'mia,  Asperma'tia, 
from  o,  privative,  and  ffwcp/ta,  'sperm/     Reflux 
of  sperm  from  the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  dur- 
ing the  venereal  orgasm. 

ASPERMIA,  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 
ASPER'SION,  Asper'sio,  from  aspergere  (ad 
and  spargerc.)   'to   sprinkle/  (F.)   Arrosement. 
Act  of  sprinkling  or  pouring  a  liquid  guttatim 
orer  a  wound,  ulcer,  Ac. 
ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 
Asper'ula  Odora'ta,  da' Hum  odora'tum,  Ma- 
trisyl'va,  Hepat'ica  ttella'ta,  (F.)  Aepfrulc  odo- 
rante  onMuguet  dc«  bois,  Hipatique  ttoiUe.  Fam. 
RubiacesD.     Sex.   Syst.  Tetranoria  Monogynia. 
Sweet-scented  Wood-roof.     Said  to   be   diuretic, 
deobstruent,  tonic,  and  vulnerary. 

ASP&RULE  ODORANTE,  Asperula  odo- 
rata. 

ASPHALTI'TES,  Nephrite;  Nephri'tis,  Pri- 
ma Vertebra  lumba'ria,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum.  A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra. — G  orrceus . 

ASPHAL'TUM,  Nep'ta,  Arsal'tos,  AsphaVtum, 
from  ac<pa\i$uv,  'to  strengthen/  With  the  Greeks, 
this  word  signified  any  kind  of  bitumen.  It  is 
now  restricted  chiefly  to  the  Bitu'men  of  Ju- 
DjE'a,  B.  Juda'icnm,  A.  sol'idum,  Jew*'  Pitch,  Ka- 
rabi  of  Sodom,  (F.)  Asphalte.  It  is  solid,  friable, 
vitreous,  black,  shining,  inflammable,  and  of  a 
fetid  smelL  An  oil  is  obtained  from  it  by  distil- 
lation. It  enters  into  the  composition  of  certain 
ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea  or  Lpke  Asphaltites,  in  Juctoa. 

ASPHTVRINE,  "Galium  aparine. 
'  ASPHOD'ELUS,  A.  Ramo'sus,  A.  Albus,  A. Ma- 
ris,  Has' tula  Regit,  (F.)  Lis  asphodels.  The  bulbs 
of  this  southern  European  plant  have  an  acrimony 
which  they  lose  in  boiling  water.  They  contain 
a  fecula  with  which  bread  has  been  made,  and 
have  been  considered  diuretic  They  have  been 
used  as  a  succcdaneum  for  the  squill. 

ASPHYX'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  <r$vfir,  'pulse/ 
Defec/tus  Puls&s,  Acrotis'mus,  Sidera'tio,  Sydera'- 
tio.  For  a  long  time,  Asphyxia  was  confined  to 
the  sense  of  '  suspension  of  circulation  or  Syn- 
cope/ It  now  generally  means  suspended  ani- 
mation, produced  by  the  nonconvcrsion  of  the 
venous  blood  of  the  lungs  into  arterial  Ap- 
ncs'a,  Apneus'tia,  Apnceasphyx'ia,  Anhamato'- 
ria,  Ec' lysis  pneumo-cardi'aca.  Owing  to  the 
supply  of  air  being  cut  off,  the  unchanged  venous 
blood  of  the  pulmonary  artery  passes  into  the 
minute  radicles  of  the  pulmonary  veins,  but  their 
peculiar  excitability  requiring  arterial  blood  to 
excite  them,  stagnation  takes  place  in  the  pul- 
monary radicle*,  and  death  occurs  cmefly  from 
this  cause,  —  not  owing  to  venous  blood  being 
distributed  through  the  system,  and  '  poisoning 
it,  as  was  the  idea  of  Bichat  Oarvs  asphyx'ia, 
Mors  appa'rens,  Mors  putati'va,  Pseudothan'atos, 
Apparent  death,  (F.)  Mori  apparente,  is  charac- 
terized by  suspension  of  respiration,  of  the  cere- 
bral functions,  Ac.  Several  varieties  of  Asphyxia 
have  been  designated. 

1.  Asphvx'ia  op  the  New-Boric,  A.  neonato'- 
rum.    This  is  often  dependent  rpon  the  feeble 


condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting  respiration 
to  be  established. 

2.  Asphy'ia  bt  Noxious  Ixhala'tiow  or  in- 
halation of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death  by 
producing  a  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis: 
others  by  the  want  of  oxygen,  and  others  are 
positively  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  Asphyx'ia  by  Straxgula'tioit  or  Suffoca'- 
tian;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  strangulation. 

4.  Asphyx'ia  by  Submer'sion,  A.  by  drown- 
ing, A.  Immerso'rum,  as  occurs  in  the  drowned, 
who  perish  in  consequence  of  the  medium  in 
which  they  are  plunged,  being  unfit  for  respira- 
tion.   See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  Asphyx'ia 
Idiopath'ica,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart     See  Suffocation. 

Asphyx'ia  Immersorum,  A.  by  submersion — 
a.  Local : — see  Gangrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A.  of 
the  new-born — a.  Pestilenta: — see  Cholera — a. 
Pestilential : — see  Cholera. 

ASPHYX'IAL.  Relating  to  asphyxia— as  'as. 
phyxial  phenomena.' 

ASPHYXIE  DES  PARTIES,  Gangrene— 
a.  Lents  des  nouveau-nis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

ASPHYX'IED,  Asphyxiated,  same  etymon. 
In  a  state  of  asphyxia.  • 

ASPIC,  Aspis ;  also,  Lavendula. 

ASPIDISCOS,  Sphincter  nni  extcrnus. 

ASPID'IUM  ATHAMAN'TICUM.  A  South 
African  fern,  Xat.  Ord.  Filices,  which  is  pos- 
sessed of  anthelmintic  properties.  Its  caudex,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  infusion,  or  electuary,  has 
been  found  excellent  in  helminthiasis,  and  espe- 
cially in  tapeworm. 

Aspidium  Coriaceum,  Calagualao  radix — a. 
Depastum,  Polypodium  filix  mas — a.  Discolor,  see 
Calagualao  radix  —  a,  Erosuin,  Polypodium  filix 
mas — a.  Filix  foemina,  Asplcnium  filix  fcemina— > 
a.  Ferrugineum,  see  Calagualao  radix  —  a.  Filix 
mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

ASPIRATIO,  Inspiration. 

ASPIRA'TION,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from 
aspirare  (ad  and  spirare)  'to  breathe/  The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  inspiration.  It  also  means  the  act  of  at- 
tracting or  sucking  like  a  pump.  Imbibition. 
Also,  the  pronunciation  of  a  vowel  with  a  full 
breath. 

ASPIS,  a<nref.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  venomous  serpent— the  Egyptian  viper  of 
Lac6pede,  (F.)  Aspic.  Its  bite  is  very  dangerous, 
and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  reptile  which 
Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

ASPLE'NTUM,  from  a,  priv.,  and  n\nv,  'the 
spleen/     Splcenwort,  Milticastc. 

Asplenium  Aureuh,  A.  ceterach. 

Asple'niujc  Cet'erach,  A.  au'reum  sen  lati- 
fo'lium,  Gymnogram'ml  ceterach,  DoradiVla, 
Rlechnum  squamo'sum,  Scolopen'dria,  Athyr'ion, 
Cet'erach  officina'rum  seu  canarien'sis,  Grammi'- 
tes  cet'erach  seu  au'rea,  Gynop'teris  ceterach,  Vit- 
ta'ria  ceterach,  (F.)  JDoradxlle.  Supposed  to  be 
subastringent  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been 
recommended  as  a  pectoral.  It  has  also  been 
given  in  calculous  cases. 

Asple'xium  Filix  Foj'mwa,  Poly po'dium  filix 
femina,  P.  molle  sen  denta'twn  seu  inci'sum  sen 
tri/'idum,  Aspidium  filix  foemina,  Athyr'ivm  filix 
fasmina  seu  molll  seu  ova' turn  seu  tri/'idum,  Pte- 
ris  palus'tris,  Female  fern,  Spleemeort,  (¥.)  Fou- 
glre  femelle.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles 
that  of  the  male  fern,  and  is  said  to  possess  simi- 
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The  name  female  fern 
is  also  given  to  Pteris  aquilina. 


ASPREDO 


111 


ASTHMA 


AsPLEinrif  Latifolium,  A.  ceterach — a.  Mu- 
rale,  A.  ruta — a.  Obtusum,  A.  rata  muraria. 

Asple'nium  Ruta  MrRA'RTA,  A.  mura'li  sen 
obtu'tum,  Paronychia,  Phylli'tie  ruta  mura'ria, 
Scolopen' drium  rxtta  mura'ria,  Wallrue,  White 
Maidenhair,  Tenticort,  Ad  inn' turn  album,  Ruta 
inura'ria,  SaFria  Vita,  (F.)  Rue  dee  muraillee, 
Sauce-vie.     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last 

Asplb'nium  Scolopen'drium,  Scolopendrium 
offieina'rnm  sen  lingua  seu  phyUi'tie  seu  vulga'- 
ri,  Scolopen'dra,  Scolopen' aria,  Harfe  Tongue, 
Spleenwort,  Phylli'tie,  Lingua  eervi'na  Blechnutn 
Ugnifo'lium,  (F.)  Scolopendre,  Langue  de  cerf. 
Properties  like  the  last. 

Asplb'nium  TrichomavoI'deb,  A.  Trichom'- 
ane»,  Phylli'tie  rotnndifo'lia,  Calyphyl'lum,  Tri- 
ekom'anes,  T.  crena'ta,  Adian'tum  rubrum,  Com- 
mon  Maidenhair,  Polvt'richum  commu'ni,  (F.) 
Polytric.     Properties  like  the  last. 

ASPREDO,  Trachoma— a.  Miliacea,  Miliary 
fever. 

ASPRELE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

A8SACOU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 

ASS  A  DOUX,  Benjamin— a.  Dulcis,  Benja- 
min— a.  Odorata,  Benjamin. 

ASSABA.  A  Guinea  shrub,  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dU^reing  buboes. 

ASSAFETIDA,  Asafoetida. 

ASSAFCETIDA,  Asafootida. 

ASSAIERET.  A  compound  of  bitter,  stoma- 
chic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of  pilL 
— Avicenna. 

ASSA1SONNEMENT,  Condiment 

ASSAKUR,  Saccharum. 

ASS  ALA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

A8SARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ASSA'TIO,  Opte'eie  The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in  their  own  juice,  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.  Various  kind*  of  cooking  by 
heat — Galen. 

ASSELLA,  Axilla. 

AS'SERAC,  Aeeie.  A  preparation  of  opium 
or  of  some  narcotic,  used  by  the  Turks  as  an  ex- 
citant 

ASSERCI7LTJM,  Splint 

ASSERVATION,  Conservation. 

ASSES'  MILK,  see  Milk,  asses. 

Asses'  Milk,  Artificial,  see  Milk,  asses. 

AS'SIDENS,  from  ad,  'to/  and  eedere,  'to  be 
-eatedV  That  which  accompanies  or  is  concomi- 
-ant  An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory  symp- 
toms, Aeeiden'tia  eigna,  and  general  phenomena 
of  disease. 

ASSIDENTIA  SIONA,  see  Assidens. 

ASSIMILATION,  Aeeimila'tio,  Simila'tio, 
Appropria'tio,  Exomoio'eie,  Homoio'eie,  Threpeie, 
Threp'ticl :  from  aeeimilare,  {ad,  and  eimilare,) 
'to  render  similar.'  The  act  by  which  living 
bodies  appropriate  and  transform  into  their  own 
substance  matters  with  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact 

ASSIS,  Asserao. 

Ab'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'eiue  Lapi$.  A  sort  of 
stone  or  earth  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  flesh. 

ASSODES,  Asodes. 

ASSOUP/SSEMENT,  Somnolency. 

ASSOURON,  see  Mynus  Pimenta. 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit 

ASSULA,  Splint 

A88ULTUS,  Attack. 

ASSUMPTIO,  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIATILIS  CONCREMENTA, 
Cancrorum  chelae. 

A8TACTJS  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab. 

A8TAKILLOS,  Aranenm  ulcus. 

ASTARZOF.    An  ointment,  composed  of  li- 


tharge, frog's  spawn,  Ac.  Also,  camphor,  dls> 
solved  in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTER  ATTIC  TS,  Bubonium. 

Asteb  Cordipolius,  Jhnrt-leared  After,  A. 
Puniceus,  Rough-Hemmed  A$ter,  and  other  indi- 
genous species,  Order  Composite,  possess  aro- 
matic properties. 

Aster  Dysextertctjs,  Inula  dysenterica — a. 
Heart-leaved,  A.  cordifolius — a.  Helenium,  Inula 
Helenium — a.  Inguinale,  Eryngium  campestre 
—  a.  Officinalis,  Inula  helenium. 

Aster,  Rough-Stemmed,  A.  Puniceus  —  a. 
Undulatus,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Atte'riiu,  Aetroi'tee,  Ae*- 
trios,  Aetrob'olue.  The  ancients  attributed  ima- 
ginary virtues  to  this  stone, — that  of  dispersing 
N<tvi  Materni,  for  example. 

ASTERIAS  LUTEA,  Gentiana  lutea. 

ASTEROCEPHALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa 
succisa. 

ASTHENES,  Infirm. 

ASTHENI'A,  Via  imminu'ta,  from  a,  priv., 
and  eSivos,  'force/  'strength/  Want  of  strength, 
debility.  (F.)  Affaibli**ement.  Infirmity.  A 
word  used  in  this  sense  by  Galen,  and  employed, 
especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  debility  of  the 
whole  economy,  or  diminution  of  the  vital  forces. 
He  distinguished  it  into  direct  and  indirect:  the 
former  proceeding  from  diminution  of  stimuli; 
the  latter  from  exhaustion  of  instability  by  the 
abuse  of  stimuli 

Asthenia  DEOLrnnoxis,  Pharyngoplegia — a. 
Pectoralis,  Angina  Pectoris. 

ASTHENICOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHENICOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHENOPIA,  Debil'itae  vieue,  (F.)  Affai- 
blieeement  de  la  Vue,  from  a,  prtv.,  c$tpff 
'strength/  and  u\p,  'the  eye/  Weakness  of 
sight ;  Weak-tightcdne**. 

ASTHENOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic,  Typhus. 

ASTHENOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHMA,  from  aeOua,  'laborious  breathing/ 
from  am,  'I  respire.'  A.  spas' ticum  adulto'rum, 
A.  Senio'rutn,  A.  Convulei'vum,  A.  epae'ticum  in* 
termit'tene,  Bytpnce'a  et  orthootux'a  Sonvulei'va, 
Malum  Cadu'eum  pulmo'num,  Broken-windedncee, 
Nervous  asthma,  (F.)  Asthme,  A.  nerveux.  Diffi- 
culty of  breathing,  recurring  at  intervals,  accom- 
panied with  a  wheeling  sound  and  sense  of  con- 
striction in  the  chest ;  cough  and  expectoration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable 
with  facility.  Excitant  and  narcotio  antispas- 
modics are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs  of 
asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is  uni- 
versally puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the  spas- 
modic form,  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very  feeble 
or  absent  during  the  fit;  and  in  all  forms  percus- 
sion elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound.  The  disease 
generally  consists  in  some  source  of  irritation,  and 
occasionally,  perhaps,  in  paralysis  of  the  pneu- 
mogastrio  nerves,  Bronehoparaly'sis,  Paraly'sis 
nervi  vagi  in  parte  thorac"ica,  more  frequently 
of  the  former  —  all  the  phenomena  indicating 
constriction  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifica- 
tions. The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves  spas- 
modic action — narcotics,  counter-irritants,  change4 
of  air,  Ac 

Asthma  Acu'tttm,  of  Millar,  A.  spas' tieum  in- 
jfan'tum,  Oynan'cH  Trachea' lie  epastnod'ica,  (F.) 
Asthme  aigu.  Probably,  spasmodic  croup.  (?) 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aerium,  Pneumothorax — a.  Aeriwn 
ab  Emphysemate  Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the 
Lungs — a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris. 

Asthma,  Cardiac.  Dyspnoea  dependent  upon 
disease  of  the  heart 


ASTHMATIC 


112 


ASTYPHIA 


Asthma  Convxlbivum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a. 
Diaphragmaticum,  Angina  Pectoris — a.  Dolori- 
fioum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Gbindbrs',  Grindert1  Hot.    The  ag- 

Segate  of  functional  phenomena,  induced  by  the 
halation  of  particles  thrown  off  during  the 
operation  of  grinding  metallic  instruments,  Ac. 
The  structural  changes  induced  are  enlargement 
of  the  bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmo- 
nary tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gyps  bum,  A.  pulverulentum — a.  Hay, 
Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hu'midum,  Humid,  Common,  or  Spit- 
ting asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  humo- 
ra'liy  A.  flatulen'tum,  A.  pneumon'icum,  Blenno- 
tho'rax  chron'icus,  Ac. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Infantum  Spasmodicum,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
pian,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A.  Thymicum — a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
— a.  Nervous,  Asthma — a.  Nooturnum,  Incubus. 

Asthma  Pulverulentum,  A.  gyp'seum,  A. 
monta'num.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders  and  others  are  subject 

Asthma  Siccum,  so  called  when  the  paroxysm 
is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration ;  eough 
slight,  and  expectoration  scanty ;  spasmodic  con- 
striction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Ikcokstans, 
Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 

Asthma  Thy'micum,  A.  T,  Kop'pii,  A,  spas' ti- 
cum  in/an'tutn,  A.  in/an' turn  spasmo'dicum,  Thy- 
masth'ma,  Cynan'chi  trachea' lis  spasmod'ica, 
Spasmus  glot'tidis,  Asthma  larynge'um  infan- 
tum, A.  intermittens  infan'tum,  A.  Dentien'tium, 
A.  period' icum  acu'tum,  Koppian  Asthma,  Thymic 
Asthma,  Laryngismus  strid'ulus,  Laryngo-spas- 
mus,  Apnoe'a  xnfan'tum,  Spasm  of  the  larynx, 
Spasm  of  the  glottis,  Croup-like  inspiration  of  in- 
fants, Child-crowing,  Spasmodic  croup,  Pseudo- 
croup,  Spu'rious  croup,  Cerebral  croup,  Suffocat- 
ing nervous  catarrh,  (F.)  Laryngite  striduleuse, 
Faux  Croup,  Pseudo-croup  nerveux,  Spasme  de  la 
Olotte  et  du  Thorax.  A  disease  of  infants,  cha- 
racterized by  suspension  of  respiration  at  inter- 
vals ;  great  difficulty  of  breathing,  especially  on 
waking, swallowing,  or  crying;  ending  often  in  a 
fit  of  suffocation,  with  convulsions.  The  patho- 
logy of  the  disease  has  been  supposed  to  consist 
In  an  enlargement  of  the  thymus  gland,  or  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the  pneumo- 
gastrio  nerves.  (?)  The  ear,  on  auscultation,  at  a 
distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incomplete, 
acute,  hissing  inspiration,  or  rather  cry;  whilst 
the  expiration  and  voice  are  croupal,  both  at  the 
accession  and  termination  of  the  paroxysm.  The 
heart' 8  action  has  been  observed  to  be  distinct 
and  feeble. 

These  symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by  ri- 
gidity of  the  fingers  and  toes ;  the  thumb  being 
frequently  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenched  hand,  whence  the  name  Carpo-pedal 
spasm,  applied,  at  times,  to  the  disease. 

Asthma  Typicum.  Asthma  characterised  by 
periodicity. 

Asthma  Utbri,  Hysteria — a.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

ASTHMATIC,  Asthmaficus,  Pnooeolyticus, 
Affected  with  asthma.    Relating  to  asthma. 

ASTHME  AIOU,  Asthma  acutum— a.  Jver- 
*eux,  Asthma. 

AS' TOM  US,  from  a,  privative,  and  vroua,  'a 
mouth.'  One  without  a  mouth.  Pliny  speaks 
of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths,  who  live 
smhelatu  et  odor*  I 


ASTRAQALE  COL  IT,  Collum  astragali. 

ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra- 
galus exscapus. 

ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus,  the  Ankle,  Quartrio, 
Quar'tio,  Quater'nio,  Diab'ebos,  Pexa,  Cavic'ula, 
Cavil' la,  Tetro'ros,  As'trion,  Ot  Ball  let' a,  from 
aerpayaXos,  '  &  die/  which  it  has  been  considered 
to  resemble.  (?)  A  short  bone  situate  at  the  su- 
perior and  middle,part  of  the  tarsus,  where  it  is 
articulated  with  the  tibia.  It  is  the  ankle  bone, 
sling  bone,  or  first  bone  of  the  foot.  The  anterior 
surface  is  convex,  and  has  a  well-marked  promi- 
nence, supported  by  a  kind  of  neck,  and  hence 
has  been  called  the  head  of  the  astragalus.  The 
astragalus  is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossifica- 
tion. 

ASTRAG'ALUS  Exs'CAPUS,  AstragaloVdes  sy- 
philitica, Stemless  Milk-vetch,  (F.)  Antragale  & 
gousses  velus.  Nat.  Ord.  Leguniinosue.  Sex. 
Sy§t.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  root  is  said  te 
have  cured  confirmed  syphilis. 

Astrag'alus  Tragacanthus,  see  Tragacanth. 

ASTRAG'ALUS  Verus,  Spina  hirci,  Astrag'alus 
aculea'tus,  Goat's  thorn,  JJilk-retch.  The  plant 
which  affords  Gum  Trag'acanth,  See  Traga- 
cantha. 

ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria— a.  Diapensia,  Sa- 
nioula. 

AS' TRAP E,  Corusca'tio,  Fulgur,  Fulmeu, 
Lightning.  Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  re- 
mote causes  of  epilepsy. 

ASTRIC'TION,  Astric'tio,  Stypsis,  Adstric'tio, 
Oonstric'tio,  from  astrtngere,  (art  and  stringers,) 
'to  constringe.'  Action  of  an  astringent  sub- 
stance on  the  animal  economv. 

ASTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ASTRINGENT  ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia. 

ASTRINGENTS,  Astringcn'tia,  Adstricto'riaf 
Adstringen'tia,  Stryphna,  Catastal' tica,  Constrin- 
gen'tia,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica,  Syncrit'ica, 
Astricto'ria,  Same  etymon.  Medicines  which 
have  the  property  of  constringing  the  organic 
textures.  External  astringents  are  called  Styp* 
tics. 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringents :  Aci- 
dum  Sulphuricum,  A.  Tannicum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
gent! Nitras,  Catechu,  Oreasoton,  Cupri  Sul- 
phas, Tinct  Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor  Ferri,  Nitra- 
tis,  Ferri  Sulphas,  Gall®,  Hs?matoxylon,  Kino, 
Krameria,  Liquor  Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus 
Alba,  Quercus  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas, 

ASTRION,  Astragalus. 

ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROBLES,  from  aaraov,  'a star/  and  /?aA>*. 
'  I  strike/  One  struck  by  the  stars  (tidera'his.) 
One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration  —  in  an  apo- 
plectic state. — Gomeus. 

ASTROBOLIS'MUS,  Heli'asis,  Relio'sis; 
same  etymology.  Sidera'tion  or  action  of  the 
stars  on  a  person.  Apoplexy. — Theophrastus, 
Gomeus. 

ASTROB0L0S,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,  from  aerpov,  *h 
star/  and  \oyos,  *  a  discourse/  The  art  of  divin- 
ing by  inspecting  the  stars.  This  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  a  part  of  medicine;  and  was 
called  Judicial  Astrology,  to  distinguish  it  from 
astronomy. 

ASTRON'OMY,  Astronom'ia,  from  acre**,  <a 
star/  and  vofiot,  <a  law/  'rule/  A  science  which 
makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena,  and  the 
laws  that  govern  them.  Hippocrates  places  this 
and  astrology  amongst  the  necessary  studies  of 
a  physician. 

ASTRUTHITJM,  Imperatoria. 

ASTYPHIA,  Impotence. 


ASTYSIA 


113 


ATLAS 


ASTYSIA,  Impotence. 

ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indies. 

ASULCI,  Lapis  laxuli. 

ASYNODIA,  Impotence. 

ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

ATARACTAPOIE'SIA,  Ataractoytfe'na,  from 
a,  privative,  rajmcrof,  'troubled/  and  vouiv,  'to 
make.1  Intrepidity,  firmness ;  a  quality  of  which, 
according  to  Hippocrates,  the  physician  ought  to 
be  possessed  in  the  highest  degree. 

ATARAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rapofif, 
'trouble/  'emotion/  Moral  tranquillity,  peace 
of  mind. 

AT'AVISM,  from  atamu,  'an  old  graudsire  or 
ancestor,  indefinitely.'  The  case  in  which  an 
anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a  family,  is  lost 
in  one  generation  and  reappears  in  the  following. 

ATAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rafts,  'order.' 
Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  employs  the 
word  in  its  most  extensive  acceptation.  Galen 
applies  it,  especially,  to  irregularity  of  pulse; 
and  Sydenham  epcaks  of  Ataxia  Spirit uum  for 
disorder  of  the  nervous  system.  Ataxia,  now, 
usually  means  the  state  of  disorder  that  charac- 
terise nervous  fevers,  and  the  nervous  condition. 

Ataxia  Spiritucm,  Nervous  diathesis.  See 
Ataxia. 

ATAX'IC.  Atax?icu$;  samo  etymon.  Having 
the  characters  of  ataxia. 

ATCHAR,  A'chia,  Achar.  A  condiment  used 
in  India.  It  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
kinds,  —  garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento, 
pickled  in  vinegar. 

ATECNIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATELECTASIS,  from  artkw,  'imperfect,  de- 
fective/ and  tKTaais,  '  dilatation.'  Imperfect  ex- 
pansion or  dilatation ;  as  in 

Atelectasis  Pulxo'nuv,  Pneumonatelcc'ta- 
ti»,  Pneumatelee' tasis.  Imperfect  expansion  of 
the  lungs  at  birth,  from  arcAijj, '  imperfect,'  and 
vrravts,  'dilatation/  Giving  rise  to  Cyano'iu 
jrulmona'li*. 

AT'ELES,  «t*Aik,  'imperfect,  defective.'— 
Hence, 

ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  artXtis,  'imperfect,' 
and  \u\os,  'lip/  A  malformation  which  con- 
sists in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,  from  artXn,  'imper- 
fect,' and  eyKc<paXov,  '  the  encephalon.'  State  of 
Imperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  artknt,  'imperfect,' 
and  y\ueoa,  'tongue/  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tongue. 

ATELOGNA'THIA,  from  or«X«,  'imperfect,' 
and  yvaOog,  'the  jaw/  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfeot  development  of  the  jaw. 

ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  ai-cAw,  'imperfect,' 
and  ftve\o{,  'marrow.  State  of  imperfeot  deve- 
lopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Blclard. 

ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  artim,  'imperfect,' 
and  vpoowvov, '  the  face.'  A  malformation  which 
consist*  in  imperfect  development  of  the  face. 

ATELORACHIDIA,  Hydrorachis. 

ATELOSTOM'IA,  from  artXns, ' imperfect,' 
and  crofta,  'mouth/  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfectly developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 

ATHAMAN'TA,  from  Atbamas,  a  place  in 
Thessaly.    A  genus  of  plants. 

Athamanta  Anxua,  A.  Cretensis. 

Athaman'ta  Aureobeli'nuh,  Oreoeeli'num, 
O.  Ugit'imum  seu  nigrum,  Seli'num  oreottli'num, 
Peuced'anum  orcoteli'num,  Apivtm  monta'num, 
Black  Mountain  Panley,  (P.)  Perril  de  3fon- 
tagne.  The  plant,  seed  and  roots,  are  aromatic. 
It  has  been  considered  attenuant,  aperient,  deob- 
ft 


struent,  and  lithontriplc  The  distilled  oil  hu 
been  used  in  toothach. 

Athaman'ta  Cretrw'sis  seu  Creti'ca,  A.  an'- 
nua,  Libano'tit  annua  sen  Creten'iit  seu  kirtu'tm, 
Daucua  Ore  tints;  D.  Candia'nue,  Myrrhit  an'nira. 
Candy  Oarrot.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  acrid 
and  aromatic.  They  have  been  used  as  carmina- 
tives and  diuretics. 

Athajcanta  Macedohica,  Bubon  Macedonia 
oum — a.  Meum,  JSthusa  meum. 

ATHANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

Athaka'sia,  from  «,  privative,  and  $«**m, 
'death/  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  Ac.  It  oonsisted  of  saffron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juncus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  Ac,  and  was  esteemed  to  be  sudo- 
rific. 

ATHARA,  Athera. 

ATHELAS'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  *tX*> 
'a  breast  or  nipple.'  Impracticability  of  giving 
suck  ,*  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 

ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'XA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  reeommended 
by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of  copper, 
sublimed  oxide  of  sine,  sal  ammoniac,  verdigris, 
gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous  and  other  in- 
gredients.— Oribasius,  Aetius,  and  P.  .£gineta. 

ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium ; 
used  to  allay  coughing. — Celaus. 

ATHE'RA,  Atha'ra,  from  adnp,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children :  also,  a  kind 
of  liniment — D'iopco  rides,  Plinv. 

ATHERAPEUTUS,  Incurable. 

ATHERO'M  A,  from  a^r,pa,  *  pap  or  pulp/  £*n- 
pky'ma  encyt'ti*  at  hero' ma,  Mollm'cum,  Pulta'tio. 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  matter 
like  pap  or  Bouillie, 

ATHEROMATOUS,  Atheromato'de:  Having 
the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  a$Ac*,  'combat'  Athletes 
were  men  who  exercised  themselves  in  combat 
at  the  public  festivals. — Vitruvius. 

ATHLET'IC,  Athlet'ieua ;  concerning  AthUtoi. 
Strong  in  muscular  powers. — Foesius. 

ATHORACOCEPHALUS.  Aoephalogaster. 

ATHRIX,  At'richu*;  from  a,  privative,  and 
fy'&  TP*X0i>  'hair.'  Bald.  One  who  has  lost  his 
hair. 

Athrix  Depths,  Alopecia. 

ATHYM'IA,  An'itni  defec'hu  et  anxi'eto*, 
An'itni  demu'iio,  TrutW'ia,  Matror,  Lypi,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  Svuos,  'heart/  'courage/  Des- 
pondency. The  prostration  of  spirits  often  ob- 
servable in  the  sick. — Hippocrates.  Melanoholy. 
— Swediaur.    See  Panophobia. 

Athtvia  "Pleoitectica,  see  Pleonectica. 

ATHYRION,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

ATHYRIUM  FILIX  F (EM  IN  A,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— a.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — a.  Ovatum, 
Asplenium  filix  foamina — a.  Trifidum,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina. 

ATLANTAD,  see  Atlantal. 

ATLAN'TAL;  same  etymon  as  Atlas.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  atlas. 

Atlantal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
region  where  the  atlas  is  situated. — Barclay. 
Atlantad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  to  signify 
'  towards  the  atlantal  aspect' 

Atlaxtal  Extremities.    The  upper  liirbs. 

ATLANTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Atlan'tion,  from  arkau,  'I  sustain. 
The  fint  cervical  ver'tebra ;  bo  called,  from  its 
supporting  the  whole  weight  of  the  head,  as 
Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the  globe  on  his 
shoulders.     Chaussior  calls  it  Atloid.    This  ver- 


ATLOIDO-AXOID 


114 


ATROPA 


tebra  in  no  respect  resembles  the  others.  It  is 
a  kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which,  anteriorly, 
the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second  vertebra  is 
received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  passage  to  the 
medulla  spinalis. 

A T  L  0 1 D  '0  -  AXOID,  (F.)  A tlotdo-axoidien. 
Relating  to  both  the  Atlas  and  the  Axis  or  Ver- 
tebra Dentato. 

Atloido-axoid  Articulation.  The  articula- 
tion between  tho  first  two  cervical  vertebrae. 

Atloido-Axoid  Lio'aments.  These  are  two 
in  number ;  one  anterior  and  another  posterior, 
passing  between  the  two  vertebrae. 

ATLOID'O-  OCCIPITAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput.  The  Atloido-occip'ital  Arti- 
culation is  formed  by  the  condyles  of  the  occi- 
pital bone  and  the  superior  articular  surfaces  of 
the  Atlas.  The  Atloido-occipital  muscle  is  the 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor. 

ATLOlDO-SOUS-MASTOIDIEN,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi — a.  Sous-occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
lateralis. 

ATMIATRI/A,  Atmidiafricg,  from  ar/x of, -'va- 
pour/ and  tarpcta,  'treatment'  Treatment  of 
diseases  by  fumigation. 

ATMIDIATRICE,  Atmiatria. 

ATMISTERION,  Vaporarium. 

ATMOS,  Breath. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmospha'ra,  from  aruos, 
•vapour/  and  e^aioa,  'a  sphere:'  —  as  it  were, 
Sphere  of  vapour*.  The  atmosphere  is  a  sphe- 
rical mass  of  air,  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part ;  tho  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
16  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  this  pressure  has,  necessarily,  sensible 
effects  on  organized  bodies.  The  surface  of  the 
human  body  being  reckoned  at  15  square  feet,  it 
is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  33,000  pounds  or 
more  exists  under  ordinary  circumstances;  and 
this  pressure  cannot  be  increased  or  diminished 
materially,  without  modifying  the  circulation  and 
all  tho  functions. 

ATMOSPHERIZATION,  Hsematosis. 

ATOCIA,  Sterilitis. 

ATOL'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ro\pa,  'confi- 
dence/ Want  of  confidence;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind,  unfavourable  to  health,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  of  Eu- 
tol'mia. 

ATONIA,  Atony— a.  Vontriculi,  Gasterasthe- 
nia. 

AT'ONY,  Aton'ia,  Infir'mitas  et  Remis'sio  W- 
rium?  Languor,  Lax'itas,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rw*, 
'♦one/  'force.'  Want  of  tone.  Weakness  of 
every  organ,  and  particularly  of  those  that  are 
contractile.  Violent  gastritis  has  been  described 
by  Scribonius  Largus  under  a  similar  name, 
Arovov,  M'onon. 

ATRABII/IARY,  AtrahiVioua,  Atrabilia'ris, 
Atrabilio'sns,  from  ater,  'black,'  and  bilis,  'bile.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  melan- 
cholic and  hypochondriac,  because  they  believed 
the  Atrabilis  to  predominate  in  such. 

Atrabiliary  Capsules,  Arteries  and  Veins. 
The  renal  capsules,  arteries  and  veins ;  the  for- 
mation of  Atrabilis  having  been  attributed  to 
them. 

ATRABI'LIS,  same  etymon,  Ater  succus, 
Black  Bile  or  melancholy.  According  to  the  an- 
cients, a  thick,  black,  acrid  humour,  secreted,  in 
the  opinion  of  some,  by  the  pancreas;  in  that 
of  others,  by  tho  supra-renal  capsules.  Hippo- 
crates, Galen,  Actios,  and  others,  ascribe  great 
influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the  production  of 
hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and  mania.  There 
U  really  no  such  humour.  It  was  an  imaginary 
ef«aUo&.r~4rrt*ns#  Rutin  of  Epheeus,  Ae. 


ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv* 
rpaxvXog,  'neck/  and  Kt<f>a\rjy  'head/  A  monster 
whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

ATRACHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who  is 
very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Oar'duta 
pi'neus,  Ix\nly  Gummy-rooted  Atractylis,  Pin* 
Thistle.  The  root,  when  wounded,  yields  a 
milky,  viscid  juice,  which  concretes  into  tena- 
cious masses,  and  is  said  to  be  chewed  with  the 
same  views  as  mastich. 

ATRAGENE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

ATRAMEN'TUM,  A.  Suto'rium,  Ink,  Calcan'* 
thon,  (F.)  Encre.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  as  an  external  application  in  her- 
petic affections. 

Atrakextxtic  Sutoriuh,  Ferri  sulphas. 

ATRESIA,  Adherence,  Imperforation.  See 
Monster. 

Atre'sia  Ani  Adna'ta,  Anus  Imperforatus, 
Imperfora'tio  ani,  (F.)  Imperforation  de  Vanns. 
Congenital  imperforation  of  the  intestinal  canal* 

ATRETISMUS,  Imperforation. 

ATRETOCEPH'ALUS,  from  arfmroe,  'imper- 
forate/ and  Kt<pa\rj,  'head/  A  monster,  in  which 
some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the  head  are 
wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arpriroc,  'imperfo- 
rate/ and  topftos,  '  trunk/  A  monster  in  which 
the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are  wanting.— 
Gurlt, 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rpaw,  '  I  per- 
forate/ Imperforatus,  Imperforate.  One  whose 
anus,  or  parts  of  generation,  are  imperforate, 
(aproc'tus). 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear  oc- 
casionally around  the  anus.  Some  commentators 
consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous  with  con- 
dylomata.— Forestus. 

ATRICHIA,'  Alopecia. 

ATRICHUS,  Athrix. 

AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  not  penetrating  the  rectum. 

ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA,  Cbenopodinm  vnl- 
varia. 

Atriplex  Horteh'sts,  A.  Sati'ra,  (F.)  Ar- 
roche,  Bonne  Dame.  The  herb  and  seed  of  this 
plant  have  been  exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

At'riplex  al'imus,  A.  PortulacoVdes,  and  A. 
Pat'ula,  are  used  as  pickles,  and  have  similar 
properties. 

At'riplex  Mexicaita,  Cbenopodinm  ambro* 
sioides  —  a.  Odorata,  Chenopodium  bo  try  8  — a. 
Olida,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
cordis — a.  Cordis  sinistrum,  Sinus  pulmonalis — 
a.  Vaginas,  Vestibulum. 

AT'ROPA,  from  Arpoiroc,  'immutable/  'the 
goddess  of  destiny;'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

AtropA  Bblladox'na,  Belladonna,  B.  bac- 
eifera  sen  trichot'oma,  Deadly  Nightshade,  Sola'- 
num  letha'U,  Sola'num  mani'acum,  8.  Furio'tum, 
Sola'num  melanocer'asus,  (F.)  Belladone,  Morelle 
furieuse,  Belle  Dame.  Nat.  Ord.  Solaness.  Sex* 
Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves — Bel- 
ladonna (Ph.  U.  S.)  are  powerfully  narcotic,  and 
also  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  They  are  occa- 
sionally used  where  narcotics  are  indicated* 
Sprinkling  the  powdered  leaves  over  cancerous 
sores  has  been  found  to  allay  the  pain ;  and  the 
leaves  form  a  good  poultice.  Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  J 
of  the  powdered  leaves. 

AtropA  Mavdrao'ora,  Mandrag'ora,  M.  ee*. 
na'lis  sen  officinalis  sen  aeau'lis,  Oirca'a,  Anthro- 
pomorph'us,  Malum  terrcs'tri,  Mandrake,    The 


ATROPHIA 


115 


AUDITORY 


boiled  root  has  been  used  in  tho  form  of  poultice 
in  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Atrophy,  Tabes  — a.  Ablactato- 
rum,  Brash,  weaning — a.  Cerebri,  Phrenatrophia 
— a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — a.  Glandula- 
ris, Tabes  inesenterica  —  a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro- 
phia — a.  Infantum,  Pcedatrophia,  Tabes  mesen- 
teric—  a.  Intestinorum,  Enteratrophia. 

Atrophia  Lactan'tium,  Tabes  nutri'eum  sea 
lac' tea.    The  atrophy  of  nursing  women. 

Atrophia  Lienis,  Splenatrophia — a.  Mesen- 
terica,  Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Testiculi,  Orehida- 
trophia. 

A  TR  OP  HIE,  Atrophy— a.  Miaenttrique,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

ATROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 

AT'ROPHY,  MaraJmuM  Atro'phia,  Atro'phia 
Marasmus,  Ma'ciea,  Contabeecen'tia,  Tabes,  Mar- 
a/res, Anafo'eie,  from  a,  privative,  and  rpo<prjy 
'nourishment'  (F.)Atrophie,Deaalchement.  Pro- 
gressive and  morbid  diminution  in  tho  bulk  of 
the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is  gene- 
Wally  symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ  thus 
affected  is  said  to  be  atrophied. 

Atrophy  of  thb  Heart,  see  Heart,  atrophy 
of  the. 

AT'ROPINE,  Atropi'na,  Atro'pia,  Atro'pium, 
Atropi'num,  (F.)  Atropine.  The  active  principle 
of  Atropa  Belladonna,  separated  by  Brandos,  by 
a  process  similar  to  that  for  procuring  morphia. 

ATTACHE,  Insertion. 

ATTACK,  Insul'tus,  Aaaul'tua,  Irrep'tio,  Tnva'- 
sio,  Eie'boli,  Lepais,  (F.)  Attaque.  A  sudden 
attack,  invasion  or  onset  of  a  disease.  A  seizure. 

ATT  AG  AS,  Attagen. 

AT'TAGEN,  At' toga*,  the  Fran'colin.  Cole- 
brated  with  the  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  mineral  water  in  France,  at  Attancourt,  in 
Champagne ;  about  three  leagues  north  of  Join- 
villa.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
sulphate  of  lime.    In  large  doses  it  is  purgative. 

ATTAQUE,  Attack— -a.  de*  Nerfa,  Nervous 
attack. 

A TTELLE,  Splint 

ATTENDING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron,  and  alum. 
It  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old  ul- 
cers, calculi,  and  hemorrhoids. 

ATTEN'UANTS,  Attenuan'tia,  Zcptun'tica, 
(F.)  Leptontiquea,  from  tenuis,  'thin.'  Medicines 
which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the  humours. 

ATTENUA'TION,  Attenua'tio;  same  etymon. 
Thinness,  omaciation.  A  term  used  by  the  ho- 
mceopathists  in  the  sense  of  dilution  or  division 
of  remedies  into  infinitesimal  doses. 

ATTIRANT,  Attrahcnt 

AT'TITUDE,  Situe  Cor* porta.  Low  Latin, 
aptitudo;  from  Latin  aptare,  'to  fit'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif- 
ferent postures  which  man  is  capable  of  assum- 
ing. In  General  Pathology,  the  attitude  will 
often  enablo  the  physician  to  pronounce  at  once 
upon  the  character  of  a  disease,  or  it  will  aid  him 
materially  in  his  judgment  In  St  Vitus's  dance, 
in  fractures,  luxations,  Ac,  it  is  the  great  index. 
It  will  also  indicate  the  degree  of  nervous  or 
cerebral  power ;  hence  the  sinking  down  in  bed 
is  an  evidence  of  great  cerebral  debility  in  fever. 
The  position  of  a  patient  during  an  operation  is 
also  an  interesting  subject  of  attention  to  the 
surgeon. 

ATTOL'LBNS  AUREM,  Attol'letu  Auric1*!*, 
Leva' tor  Anrit,  Sitpe'rior  Auria,  AttoVlcns  Au- 
rxc'ulam.  Auricula' ria  svpe'rior,  (F.)  Auriculaire 
supSrieur,    Temporo-auriculaire.    A  muscle   of 


the  ear,  which  arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous, 
from  the  tendon  of  the  occipito-frontalis,  and  Sf 
inserted  into  the  upper  part  of  the  ear,  opposite 
to  the  anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollrss  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — a. 
Oculum,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

ATTOUCHEMENT,  Masturbation. 

ATTRACTION  OF  AGGREGATION,  Cohe- 
sion, force  o£ 

ATTRACTIVUM,  see  Magnet 

ATTRACTIVUS,  Attrahent 

ATTRACTORIUS,  Attrahent 

ATTRAHENS  AURICULAM,  Anterior  aurii. 

AT'TRAHENT,  At'trahem,  Attracti'rue,  At- 
tracto'riue,  from  ad,  'to/  and  traho,  'I  draw.' 
(F.)  Attractif,  Attirant.  Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters',  rubefacients,  Ac. 

ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT,  (F.)  A  bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Biennaisc, 
and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  See  Bis- 
touri  cache*. 

ATTRITA,  Chafing. 

ATTR1TIO,  Attrition,  Chafing. 

ATTRITION,  Attrif'io,  Ecthlim'ma,  from 
ad,  and  terere,  '  to  bruise.'  Friction  or  bruising. 
Chafing. —  Galen.  Also,  a  kind  of  cardialgia.  — 
Scnnertus.     Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 

ATTRITUS,  Chafing. 

ATYP'IC,  Atyp'icue,  Ai'ypoa,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  Tvirof,  *  type.'  That  which  has  no  type. 
Irregular.  Chiefly  applied  to  an  irregular  inter- 
mittent.— Fcbrie  atypica. 

ATYPOS,  Erratic. 

AU ANSIS,  Drying. 

AUAN'TE,  Anap'af,  from  avavas,  v*  desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  of  which  was  emaciation. 
Atrophy. 

AUBE-VIGNE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

A  UB&PINE,  Mcspilus  oxyacantha. 

AUBERGINE,  Solanuin  Melongena. 

AUBIFOIN,  Cyanus  sogetum. 

AUCHEN,  Collum. 

AUCHENORRHEUMA,  Torticollis. 

AUCHE'TICUS,  from  avxn*,  'the  neck.'  One 
affected  with  stiff  neck  or  torticollis. 

AUDE,  Voice. 

AUDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An- 
dinac  is  situate  in  the  department  of  Arricge, 
France.  The  water  contains  a  small  quantity 
of  8ulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of" 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of  lime  nnd  iron, 
and  a  bituminous  substance.  Temp.  67°  Fahr. 
It  is  much  used  in  chronio  rheumatism,  herpes, 
scrofulous  diseases,  Ac 

AUDIT"ION,  from  audire,  'to  hear;' 
Audit" to,  Audi' tut,  A' col,  Acro'ama,  Acro'aeia, 
Acoe'aia,  Acu'aia.  Hearing.  The  act  of  hearing, 
The  sensation  arising  from  an  impression  made 
on  the  auditory  nerves  by  the  vibrations  of  the 
air,  produced  by  a  sonorous  body.  Tho  physi- 
ology of  Audition  is  obscuro.  It  probably  takes 
place : — 1.  By  the  vibrations  being  communicated 
from  the  membrana  tympnni  along  the  chain  of 
small  bones  to  the  membrane  of  the  foramen 
ovale.  2.  By  means  of  tho  air  in  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum,  the  membrane  of  the  foramen 
rotundum  is  agitated.  3.  The  transmission  miiy 
be  made  by  means  of  the  bony  parietes.  In 
these  three  ways  the  vibrations  produced  by  a 
sonorous  body  may  reach  the  audiury  nerve. 
Audition  may  be  active  or  paaeive:  hence  the 
difference  between  listening  and  simply  ftearinc 

AU'DITORY,  Audito'rtue,  Auditi'vus,  AcuS- 
tieua.    That  which  relates  to  audition. 

Auditory  Arteries  and  Veins,  aie  vosseli 
which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  are,  like 


auge 


116 


AURICULAR 


tfcem,  distinguished  into  internal  and  extemul. 
The  external  auditory  artery,  A.  Tympanique — 
(Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  styloid,  a  branch  of  the 
external  carotid :  the  internal  is  a  branch  of  the 
basilary  artery,  which  accompanies  the  auditory 
nerve,  and  is  distributed  to  it  The  Auditory 
Vein*  empty  into  the  internal  and  external  ju- 
gulars. 

Auditory  Canal,  External,  Mca'tus  audito'- 
rius  exter'nus,  Alvea'rium,  Scapha,  Scaphus,  (F.) 
Conduit  audit  if  externe,  Conduit  aurieulaire, 
commences  at  the  bottom  of  the  concha,  at  the 
Fora'men  auditi'vum  externum,  passes  inwards, 
forwards,  and  a  little  downwards,  and  terminates 
at  the  mcrobrana  tyrapani.  It  is  partly  cartilagi- 
nous, portly  osseous,  and  partly  fibrous. 

Auditory  Canal.  Internal,  Mea'tus  audito'- 
rius  iuter'nus,  Portu  seu  Sinus  acus'tievs,  Cyar, 
(F.)  Conduit  auditif  interne,  C.  labyrinthique,  is 
situate  in  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone.  From  tho  Fora'men 
auditi'wm  inter'num,  whore  it  commences,  it 
pasties  forwards  and  outwards,  and  terminates 
by  a  kind  of  cul-de-sac,  mac'ula  cribro'sa,  perfo- 
rated by  many  holes,  one  of  which  is  the  orifice 
of  the  Aqurcductus  Fallopii ;  and  the  others  com- 
municate with  tho  labyrinth. 

Auditory  Nerve,  Kerf  labyrinthique — (Ch.) 
is  the  Portio  Mollis  of  the,  seventh  pair.  It 
arises  from  the  corpus  restiforme,  from  the  floor 
of  the  fourth  ventricle,  nnd  by  means  of  white 
stria),  from  the  sides  of  the  calamus  scriptorius. 
As  it  leaves  tho  enccpholon,  it  forms  a  flattened 
cord,  and  proceeds  with  the  facial  nerve  through 
the  foramen  auditivum  internum,  and  as  far  as 
the  bottom  of  the  meatus,  where  it  separates  from 
tho  facial,  and  divides  into  two  branches,  one 
going  to  the  cochlea,  the  cocldear;  the  other  to 
tho  vestibule  and  semi-circular  canals,  the  vesti- 
bular. 

AUGE,  Al'veus.  Some  of  the  older  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into  which  liquids 
flow  in  an  interrupted  manner,  so  that  it  is  alter- 
nately full  and  empty.  Such  are  the  ventricles 
and  auricles  of  tbe  heart 

AUG  MENTA'TION,  from  augere, '  to  increase ;' 
Augmeu'tum,  Incremen' turn,  Anab'asis,  Auc'tio, 
Auxis,  Progres'sio,  Progres'sus,  Auxe'sis.  The 
stage  of  a  disoaso  in  which  the  symptoms  go  on 
increasing. 

AULISCUS,  Canula.    See  Fistula. 

AULOS,  Canula,  Fistula.  See  Vagina,  and 
Foramen. 

AUMALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
male  is  a  town  of  Upper  Normandy,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferruginous 
mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose  odour  is 
penetrating,  and  taste  rough  and  astringent. 
They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in  debility  of  the 
viscera,  &c. 

AUNE  NOIRE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

AUXEE,  Inula  helenium  —  o.  DysenUrique, 
Inula  dysenteries* 

AURA,  Pnof.  A  vapour  or  emanation  from 
any  body,  surrounding  it  like  an  atmosphere. 
Van  Helmont  regarded  the  vital  principle  as  a 
gas  and  volatile  spirit,  which  he  called  Aura 
vitalis. 

In  Pathology,  Aura  means  the  sensation  of  a 
light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  the  trunk  or  limbs ;  and  to  rise 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  found 
to  preoede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
hence  it  has  been  called  Aura  Epilep'tica,  and 
A.  hysterica. 

Aura  San'guints.  Tho  odour  exhaled  by  blood 
newly  drawn.    See  Gas  Sanguinis. 

Aura  Sem'iku,  A.  stmina'lis,  Spir'itus  geni- 


talis : — A  volatile  principle  fancied  to  exist  In 
the  sperm,  and  regarded  by  some  as  the  fecun . 
dating  agent     Such  is  not  the  cose. 
Aura  Vitalis,  Vital  principle. 
AURAL     MEDICINE    AND     SURGERT. 
Otiatria. 
AURANCUM,  see  Ovum. 
AURANITE,  see  Agaric. 
AURAN'TIA  CURASSAVEN'TIA,  CiiraMo'a 
apples  or  oranges.    Immature  oranges,  checked, 
by  accident,  in  their  growth.     They  are  a  grate- 
ful, aromatic  bitter,  devoid  of  acidity.     Infused 
in  wine  or  brandy  they  make  a  good  stomachic. 
They  are  also  used  for  issue  peas. 

Aurantia  Curassavica,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Poma,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

Aurantii  Cortex,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
AURANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 
AURELIANA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quin- 
quefolium. 
AUREOLA,  Areola. 

AURI    CHLORETUM    CUM    CHLORETO 
NATRII,  Fee  Gold— a.  Chloridum,  Gold,  muriaW* 
of — a.  Chi  ore  turn,  Gold,  muriate  of— a.  Cyanidum, 
see  Gold — a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Gold — a.  Iodidum, 
see  Gold  —  a.  Ioduretum,  pee  Gold  —  a.  et  Natri 
chloruretum,  see  Gold — a.  Murios,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Nitro-murias,  see  Gold  —  a.  Oxidum,  see 
Gold — a.  Terchloridum,  see  Gold — a.  Tercyani- 
dum,  see  Gold  —  a.  Teroxidum,  see  Gold. 
AURICIIALCUM,  Brass. 
AURICLE,  Auric'ula,  (F.)  Auricule,  Oricule. 
Diminutive  of  auris,  an  ear.    The  auricle  of  the 
ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  of  the  Heart,  Cavita'tes  innomi- 
na'ta,  (F.)  Oreillettes,  are  two  cavities;  one 
right,  the  other  left,  each  communicating  with 
tho  ventricle  of  its  Bide.  These  two  cavities  re- 
ceivo  the  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body. 
Into  the  right  auricle,  the  two  venae  caves  and 
coronary  vein  open :  into  the  left,  the  four  pul- 
monary veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  tho 
Sinus  of  the  Vena  Cava : — the  latter,  the  Sinus 
of  the  Pulmonary  Veins,  The  foliated  or  dog's 
ear  portion  of  each  auricle  is  called  Appen'dix 
auric'ufa.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  Judje,  Pezisa  auricula — a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosella — a.  Muris  major,  Hieracium 
murorum. 

AUR1CULAIRE,  see  Digitus— a.  Postirieur, 

Retrahens  auris — a.  Suptrieur,  Attollens  aureus. 

AURICULAR,  Auricula'ris,  Oric'ular,  from 

auricula,  '  the  ear.'    That  which  belongs  to  the 

ear,  especially  to  the  external  ear. 

AURICULAR     Ar'TERIES    AND    VEINS,     OWcif- 

laires — (Ch.),  are  divided  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery,  and 
aro  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  car.  The  posterior 
auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external  carotid, 
from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance  of  the 
parotid  gland.  'When  it  reaches  the  inferior  part 
of  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates ;  one  of  its 
branches  being  distributed  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing  over  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  being  distributed  to  the  tempo- 
ral and  posterior  auris  muscles,  Ac  Before  its 
bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-mastoid  artery. 
The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auricular  Veins  open 
into  the  temporal  and  external  jugular. 

Auricular  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  auriculaire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
sise,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  a«- 
ricular  branch,  Zygomato-auricular,  is  one  of 
the  ascending  branches  of  tho  cervical  plexus. 


AURICULARIA  SAMBUCI 


lit 


AUTOPHONIA 


It  ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  auricular  or  superficial 
temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.)  is  given  off 
from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  between 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus  auditorius 
externum,  sends  numerous  filaments  to  the  meatus 
and  pavilion,  and  divides  into  two  twig?,  which 
accompany  the  branches  of  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the 
head.  There  is  also  a  posterior  auricular  fur- 
nished by  the  facial. 
AURICULARIA  SAMBUCI,  Pesha  auricula. 
AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR,  Anterior  auris 
—a.  Superior,  Attollens  aurem. 

AURWULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 
AURIC  ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR,Aurtc'«fo- 
ventricula'ris.  That  which  belongs  to  the  auri- 
cles and  ventricles  of  the  heart  The  communi- 
cations between  the  auricles  and  ventricles  ore 
so  called.  The  Tricuspid  and  Mitral  Valves  are 
anrioulo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'GA.  A  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
^described  by  Galen.     See,  also,  Liver. 

AURIGO,  Icterus  —  a.  Neophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPIGMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Realgar. 
AURIS,  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 
AURISCOP'IUM,  Au'rwcope,  from  auris,  'the 
ear,'  and  oKoxtv,  'I  view.'    An  instrument  for 
exploring  the  oar. 

AURIST,  Otia'ter,  Otia'trus,  Ear-doctor,  Ear- 
surgeon;  from  auris,  'the  ear.'  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  their  treatment. 

AURIUM  PLUCTUATIO,  Bombus— a.  Mar- 
morata,  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  Soni- 
tus,  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Suiurrus, 
Bombus. 

AURONE,    Artemisia   abrotanum  —  a.  des 
Champs,  Artemisia  campestris — a.  des  Jar  dins, 
Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  If  die,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 
AURUGO,  Icterus. 

A  U  R  U  M,  Gold— a.  Chloratum,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold — a. 
Foliatum,  Gold  leaf— a.  in  Libellis,  Gold  leaf— a. 
Lcprosum,  Antimonium — a.  Limatum,  see  Gold 
—a.  Muriaticum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  na- 
tronatum, see  Gold. 

Auftuif  Mdsi'vum,  Aurum  Mosa'icum,  Sulph'- 
nret  of  Tin,  Deutosulphuret  or  Persulphvret  of 
tin,  (Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal  ammoniac, 
&S,  equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolthead. 
The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bottom.)  It  is 
used  in  some  empirical  preparations. 

Auruu  OxYDATCif,  see  Gold — a.  Oxydulatum 
muriaticum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Nitro-muriati- 
cum,  see  Gold— a.  Salitum,  Gold,  muriate  of. 

AUS'CULTATE,  TO;  from  auscultare,  'to  lis- 
ten.' To  practise  auscultation.  '  To  auscult*  is 
at  times  used  with  the  same  signification. 

AUSCULTA'TION,  Ausctdta'tio,  EchoJcopl, 
act  of  listening.  Buisson  has  used  it  synony- 
mously with  listening.  Laenneo  introduced  aus- 
cultation to  appreciate  the  different  sounds  which 
can  be  heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis 
of  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs,  Ac.  This  may 
be  done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  a  ste- 
thoscope, one  extremity  of  which  is  applied  to  the 
ear,  the  other  to  the  chest  of  the  patient  This 
mode  of  examination  is  called  Mediate  Ausculta- 
tion, (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, — the  application 
of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being  immediate  auscul*i- 
tion. 


The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Stetk*- 
scop'ia,  and  Thoraeoseop'ia  /  of  the  abdomen, 
Abdominoscop'ia. 

AUSCULTATORY,  Auscultatofrius  ;  AuscuV- 
tory,  Auscul'txe,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  hav- 
ing relation  to  auscultation. 

Auscultatory  Percussion,  see  Acouophonia. 

AUSTERE',  Auste'rus.  Substances  which  pro- 
duce a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on  the 
organs  of  taste. 

A  US  TR  UCHE,  Imperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial, 
Pleurodynia — a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching — a.  Ver- 
tigo, Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  avrot,  'himself,'  and  aptc*, 
'  I  am  satisfied/    Moral  tranquillity. — Galen. 

AUTEMES'IA,  from  avrot,  'self,'  and  taunt, 
'  vomiting.'  Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomiting. 
— Alibert 

AUTEMPRESMUS,  Combustion,  human. 

AUTHE'MERON.  A  medicine  which  cures 
on  the  day  of  its  exhibition ;  from  avrot,  '  the 
same/  and  'natea,' '  day/ 

AUTHYGIANSIS,  Vis  medicatrix  natun©. 

AUTOCHIR,  Autochi'rus,  Suici'da,  from  avrot, 
'himself,'  and  gup,  'hand/  One  who  has  com- 
mitted suicide.    A  self-murderer  or  suicide. 

AUTOCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOCINE'SIS,  Motus  volunta'rius,  from 
avrot,  'self,'  and  Ktvnait,  'motion/  Voluntary 
motion. 

AUTOCRASY,  Autocrat? a,  Autocrato'ria, 
from  avrot,  '  himself,'  and  soarot, '  strength/  In- 
dependent force.  Action  of  the  vital  principle, 
or  of  the  instinctive  powers  towards  the  preser- 
vation of  the  individual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix  Na- 
tures.   Also,  the  vital  principle. 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  Medicatrix 
natura. 

AUTOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physiatrice, 
Vis  medicatrix  natune. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOG"ENOUS;  from  avrot,  'self/  and  ytv- 
vau>,  '  I  generate/  A  term  applied  by  Mr.  Owen 
to  parts  or  elements  that  aro  usually  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres ;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  different  parts  or  elements  that  form 
a  vertebra. 

AUTOGONIA,  Generation,  equivocal. 

AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,  from  avrot,  'himself,' 
\i9st,  *a  stone,'  and  rtpvtiv,  'to  cut'  One  who 
operates  upon  himself  for  the  stone. 

AUTOMATIC,  Automat' icus,  Autom'atus,  from 
avrouarot,  'spontaneous/  That  which  acts  of  itself. 
Those  movements  are  called  automatic,  which  the 
patient  executes  without  any  object;  apparently 
without  volition  being  exercised: — involuntary 
motions,  motus  automat' id  seu  autom'ati  seu  t»- 
volunta'rii. 

A  VTOMNAL,  Autumnal. 

AUTONOM'IA,  Vis  medicatrix  naturm.  The 
word  Autonomia  is  occasionally  employed  by  the 
French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  mechanism 
of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although  individu- 
als of  the  same  species  may  differ  in  outward  con- 
formation, their  mechanism  or  instinctive  laws, 
(Autonomia,)  mav  be  the  same. 

AUTONYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

AUTOPEP'SIA,  from  avrot, '  self,'  and  tttm, 
'  I  concoct'  Self-digestion, — as  of  the  stomach 
after  death. 

AUTOPIIIA,  Antopsia. 

AUTOPHO'NIA,  (F.)  Jietentissement  autopko- 
nique,  from  avrot,  'self,'  and  (piavr),  'voice/  An 
auscultatory  sign  pointed  out  by  M.  Hourmann, 
which  consists  in  noting  the  character  of  the  ob- 
server's own  voice,  while  he  speaks  with  his  head 
placed  close  to  the  patient's  chest    The  voice,  il 


AUTOPHOSPHORUS 


118 


AVICULA  CIPRIA 


Is  alleged,  will  be  modified  by  tbe  condition  of 
the  subjacent  organs.  The  resonance,  thus  heard, 
ho  terms  retentive  went  autophonique.  This  di- 
agnostic agency  Dr.  R.  G.  Latham  proposos  to 
term  heautophon'ics. 

Avtopuoxia,  Suicide. 
AUTOPHOSPHORUS,  Phosphorus. 

AUTOPLASTIC,  Autopltu'ticus;  from  avros, 
'self,'  and  rXucriKof,  * formative*  Relating  to 
autoplnstv  or  plastic  surgery. 

AUTOPLASTICS.  Morioplastice. 

AUTO  PLASTY,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topny  ;  from  auroj,  *  himself/ 
and  o^<r,  *  vision.'  Autoph'ia,  Autuscop'ia.  In- 
spection:  examination  by  one's  self ;  self-inspec- 
tion.    Often  improperly  used  for  the  following: 

AuTor'siA  Cadaver'ica,  (F.)  Autopsie  ou  Ou- 
rerture  endavt  riqne.  Attentive  examination  after 
death, — Examination  pott  mortem,  Sectio  Oadav1- 
eritt,  Disacction,  Nec'roscopy,  Nec'ropsy,  Necro- 
scop'ia,  Necrop'sia,  Necrop'sis,  —  practised  for 
the  purpose  of  investigating  the  causes  and  seat 
of  an  uO'ectioa  of  which  a  person  may  have 
died,  &c. 

Autop'sia  Cadaver'ica  Lega'lis,  Sec'tio  ca- 
dav'eris  legalis,  Obduc'tio,  is  the  examination 
after  death  for  medico-legal  purposes. 

AUTOPYROS,  Syncomistos. 

AUTOSCOPIA,  Autopsia. 

AU'TOSITE,  from  avros,  'self,'  and  into*, 
'nourishment.'  A  single  monster,  capable  of 
deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omphalosite. 

AUTOTIIERAPIA,  Vis  medicatrix  naturoo. 

AUTUMN,  Aittum'nus,  Phthiropo'ron,  (F.)^w- 
tomne.  One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  between 
the  23d  of  September  and  the  21st  of  December. 
In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall  is  liable  to 
disease ;  a  combination  of  local  and  atmospheric 
causes  being  then  present,  favourable  to  its  pro- 
duction. 

AUTUM'NAL;  Autwnna'lis,  (F.)  Automnal. 
Relating  to  Autumn ;  as  Autumnal  Fruits,  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  <fcc. 

Autumnal  Fever,  generally  assumes  a  bilious 
aspect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
(spring. 

AUXESIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AUXIL'IARY,  Auxilia'ris,  from  arurilium, 
'aid.'  (F.)  Anx  ilia  ire.  That  which  assists,  or 
from  which  a«-i stance  is  obtained. 

Auxiliary  Medicine  is  one  which  assists  the 
principal  medicino  or  basis.  It  is  synonymous 
with  Adjuvant. 

Auxiliary  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same*  movement.  Some  anatomists  have 
applied  the  term  to  several  ligaments,  as  well  as 
to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  bang  from  the  sacro- 
spinalis  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament 

AUXIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AVA,  Arva,  Kava.  An  intoxicating  narcotic 
drink,  made  by  chewing  the  Piper  methisticum. 
It  is  much  used  by  the  Polynesians. 

AVAJ.LLES,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  village 
in  France,  13  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Poitiers,  at 
which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It  con- 
tains chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sulphate 
and  subcorbonate  of  soda,  iron,  Ac. 

AVANT-BOUCHE,  (F.)  Os  anti'cum.  This 
name  has  been  applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
properly  so  called — in  contradistinction  to  the 
Arriire  bouche  or  Pharynx, 

A  VANT-BBAS,  Fore-arm. 

A  VANT-OCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

AVANT-GOUT,  (F.)  Praguta'tio;  a  fore- 
laste;  pragustation. 


AVANT-MAIN,  (F.)  Adver'sa  Manus.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

AVANT-PIED,  (F.)  The  most  advanced 
part  of  the  foot. 

A  VANT-POIGNET,  (F.)  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

A  VELINE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut). 

AYELLANA,  Corylus  avellana— a.  Cathartica, 
Jatropha  curcas. 

AVE'NA,  Oats,  Bromos.  The  seeds  of  Ave'na 
sati'va,  Nat.  Ord.  Gr  amine  a).  *SVj\  Syst.  Tri- 
andria  Dipynia.  (F.)  Arotue.  Oats  are  used  as 
food  for  man,  in  some  parts,  particularly  in  the 
North  of  England  and  Scotland.  When  deprived 
of  the  husks  they  form  Groats.  Reduced  to 
meal,  —  Arena  Fari'na,  Oatmeal  —  they  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  promote  suppuration.  The 
dry  meal  is  sprinkled  over  erysipelatous  parts. 

Oatmeal  gruel,  Water  gruel,  is  prepared  as  fal- 
lows : —  Take  of  oatmeal  Sij;  soft  water  Oiss. 
Rub  the  meal  in  a  basin,  with  the  back  of  a  spoon, 
in  a  moderate  quantity  of  the  wo  tor,  pouring  off 
the  fluid  after  tho  grosser  particles  have  subsided, 
but  whilst  tbe  milkiness  continues;  and  repeat 
the  operation  until  no  more  milkiness  is  commu- 
nicated to  the  water.  Put  the  washings  in  a  pan, 
after  having  stirred  them  well,  in  order  to  sus- 
pend any  fecula,  which  may  have  subsided j  and 
boil  until  a  soft,  thick,  mucilage  is  formed. 

It  is  a  good  demulcent,  and  is  used  also  as  a 
vehicle  for  clysters. 

A  vena  Excorticata,  Groats. 

AVENiE  FARINA,  see  Avena. 

AVENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasburg :  near 
it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avennes  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He"- 
rault  in  France :  near  it  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  84°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Geum  urbanum  —  a. 
Water,  Geum  rivale — a.  White,  Geum  Virgini- 
anum. 

A V  ERICH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIM'BI,  Bilim'bi,  Bilimbing 
teres.  An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit  that  is 
too  acid  to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a  con- 
diment, and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refrige- 
rant. 

Averrho'a  Carav'bola,  called  after  Aver- 
rhoes ;  Malum  Coin's?,  Prunum  stella'tum,  Tam'- 
ara,  Conga,  Caram'bolo.  An  Indian  tree,  whose 
fruits  are  agreeably  acid.  The  bark,  bruised,  is 
employed  as  a  cataplasm,  and  its  fruit  is  used  as 
a  refrigerant  in  bilious  fever  and  dysentery. 

AVER'SION,  Aver'sio,  Apot'ropl;  from  aver. 
tere,  (a  and  vertere)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  any  thing  whatever. 

AVERSION,  (F.)olso  means,  in  therapeutics, 
the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the  afflux  of 
fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them  to  others; 
being  synonymous  with  counter  -irritation,  or 
rather  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AVER  TIN,  (F.)  A  disease  of  the  mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 

AVEUGLE,  Caccus. 

AVEUGLEMENT,  Cajcitas  — a.  de  Jour, 
Nyctalopia — a.  de  Nuit,  Hemcralopia, 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMEXTO'SA,  A.  Africa'na 
seu  resini/'era  seu  nit'ida,  Bon'tia  ger'minans, 
called  after  Avicenna.  The  plant  which  affords 
the  Malac'ca  Bean  or  Anaear'dium  Orienta'U  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  Semeear'pus  Anaear'dium, 
Tbe  oil  drawn  from  the  bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  cor- 
rosive, and  active  vesicatory,  but  it  is  not  used. 

AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil— «.  Margaritifera, 
see  PearL 


Avom 


lift 


AZYGOUS 


AVOW  Arena. 

AVORTEMENT,  Abortion. 

AVORTER,  to  Abort. 

AVORTIN,  Abortion. 

AVORTON,  Abortion. 

A  VULStO,  Arrachemeni. 

AVULSION,  Evulsion. 

AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ax  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege,  France; 
where  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs,  the 
temperature  of  which  varies  from  77°  to  162°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

AXE,  Axis — a.  de  VCEil,  Axis  of  the  eve. 

AX'BA  COMMISSU'RA,  TroekoVdes.  A 
pivot-joint     See  Trochoid. 

AXIL'LA,  Ala,  AsceVla,  AsseVla,  AsciVla, 
Acel'la,  Cordis  cmuncto'rium,  Mall,  Hypo' mi  a, 
Fo'vea  axillaris,  Mas'ehaU,  Mas'ckalis,  (F.) 
AiaselU.  The  cavity  beneath  the  junction  of 
the  arm  with  the  shoulder;  the  armpit;  (F.) 
Oreux  de  VAisselle.  It  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  a  portion  of  the  pectoralis  major ;  posteriorly, 
by  the  latissiraus  dorsi.  It  is  covered  with  hair, 
contains  much  areolar  membrane,  lymphatic 
ganglions,  important  vessels  and  nerves,  and 
numerous  sebaceous  follicles,  furnishing  an  odor- 
ous secretion.  In  consequence  of  such  secretion, 
the  ancients  called  it  emuncto'rium  cordis. 

AX'ILLARY,  Maschalia'tu,  (F.)  AxiOaire, 
from  axilla,  'the  armpit.'  Belonging  to  the 
armpit. 

Axillary  Artery,  Arte'ria  axilla'ris;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from  the 
passage  of  the  latter  between  the  scaleni  muscles 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major, 
when  it  takes  the  name  of  Brachial. 

Axillary  Glands  are  lymphatic  glands  seated 
in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic  glands 
of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nerve,  Scap'ulo-hu'meral  (Ch.), 
2Terf  eireonjlexe,  Artic'ular  nerve;  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  brachial  plexus,  particularly 
from  the  last  two  cervical  pairs  and  the  first 
dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ri»t  Vena  Sula- 
la'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  with  the  artery ; 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  brachial  veins;  and,  at  its  termination, 
assumes  the  namo  Subclavian. 

AXINE,  Ascia. 

AXIRNACII.  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  upper 
eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal,  see  Eucephalon  —  a. 
of  the  Cochlea,  Modiolus — a.  Cylinder  of  Nerve, 
see  Nerve  fibre — a.  Coeliac,  Coeliac  artery. 

Axis  of  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  I'ceil,  called 
also,  Vit'nal  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  Hue, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and  passes 
through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  IIjEMAl,  Aorta  —  a.  Neural,  see  Ence- 
phalon. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
Axon,  Epistropheus,  Epis'trophus,  Maschalister  : 
the  Ver'tebra  Dcnta'ta,  (¥.)  Essieu.  So  called, 
because  it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Cliaussier  calls  it  Azolde,  from  afavf 
'axis.'  and  uSos,  '  shape.' 

AXQIDE,  Axis — a.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOID'O-  ATLOID'EUS.  What  refers  to  both 
the  axis  and  atlas,  as  Axoido-atloidean  articula- 
tion. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean,  are,  1. 
Fracturo  of  the  Proces'sut&enta'tus.  2.  Rupture 


of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and  consequently  pas- 
sage and  pressure  of  the  process  behind  the  trans- 
verse ligament :  and,  3.  The  simultaneous  rupture 
of  the  odontoid  and  transverse  ligaments.  These 
different  accidents  are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATL01D1EN,  Obliouus  inferior 
capitis. 

AXON,  Axis. 

AXUNGE,  Adeps  proparata. 

AXUNGIA,  Pinguedo— a.  Gadi,  Oleum  Jecoris 
Aselli  —  a.  de  Mumia,  Marrow  — a.  Articularis, 
Synovia — a.  Piscina  Marina,  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli 
— a.  Porcina,  Adeps  pr&parata. 

AYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AZARNET,  Orpiment 

AZARUM,  Asarum. 

AZEDARACII,  Melia  Azedaraeh. 

AZEDARACHA  AMCENA,  Melia  Aiedaracb. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  «,  priv.,  $«*,  'life,' 
and  Swap  is,  *  strength.'  Privation  or  diminution 
of  the  vital  powers. 

AZO'RES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  Azores  or 
Western  Islands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  a  mild,  humid,  equable  climate  to 
be  met  with  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  It  is 
slightly  colder  and  moister  than  that  of  Madeira, 
but  even  more  equable.  Sir  James  Clark  thinks, 
that  a  change  from  the  Azores  to  Madeira,  and 
thence  to  TenerifFe— one  of  the  Canaries — would 
prove  more  beneficial  to  the  phthisical  valetudi- 
narian than  a  residence  during  the  whole  winter 
in  any  one  of  those  islands. 

AZOTATE  D'ARGEXT*  Argenti  nitras. 

A'ZOTE,  Azo'tum,  from  a,  priv.,  and  £u»7,  *  life.' 
Xi'trogen,  Al'caligene,  Gas  azo'ticutn,  Nitro- 
gen'ium,  (F.)  Azote,  Nitrogine,  Air  gatf,  Air 
vicii,  is  a  gas  which  is  unfit  for  respiration.  It 
is  not  positively  deleterious,  but  proves  fatal, 
owing  to  the  want  of  oxygen.  It  is  one  of  the 
constituents  of  atmospheric  air,  and  a  distin- 
guishing principle  of  animals.  Vegetables  have 
it  not  generally  diffused,  whilst  it  is  met  with  in 
most  animal  substances.  It  has  been  variously 
called,  phlogistic  air,  vitiated  air,  Ac;  has  been 
looked  upon  as  sedative,  and  recommended  to  be 
respired,  when  properly  diluted,  in  diseases  of 
the  chest 

Azote,  Protoxide  op,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  ox- 
ide of. 

AZOTED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTENESES,  from  azote,  and  wvs,  'dis- 
ease.' Diseases  fancied  to  be  occasioned  by  the 
predominance  of  azote  in  the  body. — Baumes. 

AZOTIZED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

AZUR,  Coral,  Smalt,  , 

AZU'RIUM.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-fourth  of 
sal  ammoniac.  —  Albertus  Magnus. 

AZ'YGES,  Az'ygos,  Az*ygous,  sine  pari,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  £t>yoy,  'equal.'  Unequal.  The 
sphenoid  bone,  because  it  has  no  fellow.  Also,  a 
process,  Proees'sus  Az'yges,  Rostrum  sphenoida'li, 
projecting  from  under  the  middle  and  forepart 
of  this  bone. 

AZYGOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnio 
Nerve. 

AZYGOUS  ARTICULAR  ARTERY,  see  Ar- 
ticular arteries  of  the  skull. 

Azygous  Musclk,  Azygos  U'vnla,  is  the  small 
muscle  which  occupies  the  substance  of  the  uvula* 
—  Morgagni.  The  name  is,  however,  inappro- 
priate, as  there  are  two  distinct  fasciculi,  placed 
along-side  each  other,  forming  the  Pal'atosta- 
phyli'ni,  Staphyli'ni  or  Epistaphyli'ni  musoies, 
StaphylVni  me'dii  of  Winslow. 

Azygocs  Veiic,  Vena  Azygos,  Veine  Prtlomho- 


AZYMIA  HUM0RUM 


120 


BAUf 


tkoraeique —  (Ch.),  Vena  line  pari,  Vena  pari 
carens,  (F.)  Veine  tan*  Paire.  This  vein  was  so 
called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  V,  cava  inferior  and  V.  cava  superior, 
permitting  the  blood  to  pass  freely  between  the 
two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior,  or 
from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins,  passes 
through  the  diaphragm,  ascends  along  the  spine 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duct,  and 
opens  into  the  Y.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 


trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  ride,  the 
SEMl-Az'YGOS,  Left  bron'ehinl  or  left  superior  tm- 
tercos'tal  vein,  Vena  demi-axygos,  V.  he  mi-ax' yga, 
Veine  petite  prSlombo-thoraeique — ( Ch. )  presents, 
in  miniature,  nearly  the  same  arrangement 

AZYMIA  HUMORUM,  Crudity  of  the  hu- 
mours. 

AZ'YMUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  £opv,  'leaven.' 
Asymous  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened  bread. 
— Galen. 


B. 


BAB  EUR  RE,  Buttermilk. 

BABILLEMENT,  Loquacity. 

BABUZICARIUS,  Incubus. 

BAC'ARIS,  Back'arii.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment,  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It  was 
sometimes  employed  in  diseases  of  the  womb. — 
Hippocrates. 

BACOffi  BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — b.  seu  Grana  actes,  soe  Sambucus  ebulus 
— b.  Jujubre,  Jujube — b.  Myrtillorum,  see  Vacci- 
niuni  myrtillus — b.  Norlandicac,  Rubus  arcticus 
— b.  Piperis  Glabri,  see  Piper  Cubeba — b.  Pisca- 
torire,  see  Menispermum  cocculus  —  b.  Zisyphi, 
see  Jujube. 

BACCAR,  Bae'earii,  BaJcharii.  An  herb 
used  by  the  ancients  in  their  garlands,  to  destroy 
enchantment  Perhaps,  the  Digitalis  purpurea. 
Some  authors  have  erroneously  thought  it  to  be 
the  Asamm. 

BACCIIARIS,  Baccar. 

BACCHI'A,  from  Bacchus,  'wine.'  A  name 
applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the  drunkard. 
See  Gutta  rosea. 

BACCHICA,  Hedera  helix. 

BACIIARIS,  Bacaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS,  see  Strychnos  nux 
vomioa. 

BACHER'S  TONIC  PILLS,  Pilulea  ex  Helle- 
boro  et  Myrrh  a. 

BACILE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

BACIL'LUM,  Bacillus,  Bac'ului,  Bac' cuius  : 
1  a  stick.'  This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  expectorants,  and  having 
the  shape  of  a  stick.  Also,  a  suppository.  Bacil- 
l u a i  was  used  by  the  ancient  ohemists  for  several 
instruments  of  iron. 

BACK-ACH  ROOT,  Liatris. 

BACKSTROKE  OF  THE  HEART,  Impulse, 
diastolic. 

BACOVE,  Musa  sapientum. 

BACTYRILOBIUM  FISTULA,  Cassia  fistula. 

BACULUS,  Bacillum. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baden 
is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna.  Here  are  12 
Bprings,  containing  carbonates  of  lime  and  mag- 
nesia; sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
soda;  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  aluminum. 
The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  rheu- 
matism, Ac.  There  arc  two  other  towns  of  the 
name  name;  one  in  Suabia,  and  the  other  in 
Switzerland,  about  12  miles  from  Ziirich,  where 
are  mineral  springs.  The  waters  of  the  last  two 
are  thermal  sulphureous. 

BADEN-BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  thermal  springs,  situate  about  a  league 
from  the  high  road  to  Basle  and  Frankfort  Their 
temperature  varies  from  130°  to  154°  Fahrenheit 

B ADER,  Bather. 

BADIAGA.  A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Russia, 
the  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away  the  livid 


marks  from  blows  and  bruises  in  a  few  houn. 
Its  nature  is  not  understood. 

BADIANE,  Illicium  onisatum. 

BADISIS,  Walking. 

BADUKKA,  Capparis  badukka. 

BAG,  DUSTING,  see  Dusting-bag. 

BAGEDIA,  Pound. 

BAGNERES-ADOUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bogneres-Adour  is  a  small  town  in  the 
department  of  Hautes  Pyrintee,  having  a  great 
number  of  mineral  springs;  some,  cold  chaly- 
beates ;  others,  thermal  salines ;  but  the  greatest 
part  sulphureous  and  warm. 

BAGNIsJRES  DU  LUCHON  is  a  small  town 
in  the  department  of  Haute  Garonne,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.  It  has  been  for  a  long  time 
famous  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  69°  to  148°  of 
Fahrenheit 

BAGNIGGE  WELLS.  A  saline  mineral 
spring  in  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 

BAGNIO,  Baignoire. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bagnoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  Bagntres  de  Luchon. 

BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bsg- 
nols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Mendc,  in  the 
department  of  Losere.  The  waters  are  hydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal :  109°  Fahrenheit 

BAGOAS,  Castratus. 

BAGUENAUDIER,  Colutea  arborescens. 

BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  be 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry,  cold 
character.  Still,  the  phthisical  valetudinarians 
from  most  portions  of  the  United  States  might 
derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there  during 
the  winter  months.  The  accommodations  are 
not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longifo'lia.  A  labiated 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 

Bahel  Schulli,  Genista  spinosa  Indica. 

BAIGNEUR,  Bather. 

BAIGNOIRE  (F.),  Baptiste'rium,  a  Bathing 
tub,  Bagnio,  So' Hum,  Pisci'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Baignoire 
oculaire,  an  eye-bath, — a  small  vessel  for  bathing 

BAILLEMENT,  Yawning. 

B  A  ILL  ON,  Speculum  oris. 

BAIN,  Bath— b.  Ohaud,  Bath,  hot— 6.  Etev- 
trique,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity — b.  Entier, 
Bath,  general  —  b.  de  Fauteuilt  Bath,  hip  —  6. 
Frtu'9,  Bath,  tepid — b.  Froid,  Bath,  cold— b.  3fa- 
rie,  Bath,  water — 6.  Mfdicinal,  Bath,  medicated 
— b,  de  Pied,  Bath,  foot  Pediluvium  —  b.  de  Sa- 
ble, Bath,  sand — 6.  de  Sitge,  Bath,  hip — b.  Tern- 
piri,  Bath,  tepid,  B.  Temperate  — 6.  de  Tite, 


Blurs 


121 


BALSAM 


BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situate  at  Plombieres,  department  of  the 
Vosgee.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  thermal 
by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical  pro- 
perties. 

BALAMPULLI,  Tamarindus. 

BALANCE,  AREOSTATIC,  Areometer. 

BAL'ANCEMENT,  Compensation,  from  (P.) 
balance,  '  a  balance/  itself  from  bis,  *  twice/  and 
lanx,  'a  dish/  A  law  of  teratogeny,  as  main- 
tained by  Geoffrey  St.  liilaire,  by  which  exube- 
rance of  nutrition  in  one  organ  is  supposed  to 
involve,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  total  or 
partial  atrophy  of  some  other, — and  conversely. 

B  ALAN  I)  A,  Fagus  Sylvatica, 

BALANECM,  Bath. 

BALANISMUS,  Suppository. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BALANOBLENNORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulbocasta- 
num. 

BALAN0RRH03A,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BA'LANUS,  0a\a»os,  'glans/  'an  acorn.'  The 
glans  ponis.  Hence,  Bahinoblennorrhcc'a,  Blen- 
norrhea of  the  glans;  and  Balanitis,  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  glans.  Suppositories  and  pessaries 
were  called  Bal'ani. 

Balanos  PncENicoa,  Date. 

Balaxds,  Glans,  Suppository — b.  Myrepsica, 
Guilandina  moringa. 

BALARUC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
laruc  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  Hlrault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  thermal. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  magnesium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a 
little  iron.  They  are  considered  tonic,  and  are 
largely  used.  Their  temperature  is  about  118° 
Fahrenheit. 

Balaruc  Water,  Factitious,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Balaruc;  Aqua  Belliluca'na  is  made  of  simple 
additions  water  (containing  twice  its  bulk  of  car- 
bonic acid)  f2xxss;  chloride  of  sodium,  glas; 
chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  xviij ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, gr.  Ivi ;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALATRO,  Bambalio. 

BALAUSTINE  FLOWERS,  see  Punica  gra- 
natum. 

BALBIS,  (lak&it,  'a  foundation/  Any  oblong 
cavity. — Galen.  Hippocrates,  in  his  treatise  on 
the  joints,  gives  the  name  Balbito'des  to  the  ole- 
cranon cavity  of  the  humerus. 

BALBUS,  (F.)  Beaue.  One  habitually  affected 
with  stammering.    A  stammerer. 

BALBU'TIES,  Psellis'mus,  Psel'lotes,  BUb'- 
sitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Dysla'lia,  Mogila'lia,  Ischo- 
pho'nia,  Battaris'mus,  Bamba'lia,  JIasita'tio, 
Loque'la  bUt'sa,  (F.)  Balbutiement,  BSgaiement. 
Btammering,  St.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice. 
Also,  vicious  and  incomplete  pronunciation,  in 
which  almost  all  the  consonants  are  replaced  by 
the  letters  B  and  L ;  Traulis'mus. 

BALCHUS,  Bdellium. 

BALD,  Athrix. 

BALDMONEY,  -fithusa  raeum. 

BALDNESS,  Alopecia,  Calvities— b.  Limited, 
Porrigo  decalvans — b.  Partial,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

BALE N AS,  Leviathan  penis. 

BALI  MB  AGO,  Hibiscus  populous. 

BALINEATOR,  Bather. 

BALINEUM,  Bath. 

BALL.  Pila. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLISTA,  Astragalus. 

BALLON,  Receiver. 

BALLONNEMENT,  Tympanites. 

BALLOTA  FCE'TIDA,  B.  vulga'ris  sen  nigra, 


Marru'bium  nigrum,  Black  Horthound,  Stinkinf 
H.,  (F.)  Manrube  noir.  This  plant  is  esteemed 
to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent,  and  detersive.  (?) 

BALLOT  A  Lana'ta,  Leonu'rus  lana'tus.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat,  Family,  Labiate,  Sex.  Sgst. 
Didynamia  Gymnospermta,  which  grows  in  Si- 
beria. The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root,  has  been,  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
in  rheumatism  and  gout,  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
usually  given  in  decoction  (§ss  to  Jj  to  fjvuj 
of  water.) 

BALLOTTEMENT,  (F.)  Agita'tion,  Sueciw'- 
sion,  Ifoucement  de  Ballottemcnt,  Jiepercus'sion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  foetus  in 
utero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  introduced 
into  the  vagina;  the  other  hand  being  applied 
on  the  abdomen.  It  is  one  of  the  loast  equivocal 
signs  of  pregnancy. 

BALLSTON  SPA.  This  village  is  situate  in 
Saratoga  County,  New  York.  The  spring  Sans 
Souci  belongs  to  the  clans  of  Acidulous  Chaly- 
beates.  It  contains  iodide  of  sodium.  There  is 
also  a  sulphur  spring. 

BALM,  Melissa  —  b.  Apple,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — b.  Bastard,  Melitis  Melissophyllum — b» 
of  Gilead,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardamomi— 
b.  of  Gilead,  Poplar,  Populus  can di cans  —  b.  of 
Gilead  tree,  Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  In- 
dian, Trillium  latifolium — b.  Mountain,  Monarda 
coccinea — b.  Red,  Monarda  coocinea— b.  Stink- 
ing, Hedeoma. 

BALMONY,  Chelone  glabra. 

BALNEA  CCENOSA,  Bone  des  eaux. 

BALNEARIUM,  nypocaustum. 

BALNEARIUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Bather. 

BALNEOGRAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from 
0a\avuov,  'a  bath,'  and  ypa£s,  'a  description/ 
A  description  of  baths. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Balnsolog"ia,  from  frXa- 
vciqv,  'a  bath/  and  \oyo$,  'a  description/  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

BALNEOTHERAPY,  from  faXwttov,  <a 
bath/  and  depawua,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
disease  by  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath— b.  Acidum,  Bath,  acid  — 
b.  Alkalinum,  Bath,  alkaline — b.  Animate,  Bath, 
animal  —  b.  Antipsoricum,  Bath,  antipsoric  —  b. 
Anti-syphiliticum,  Bath,  antisyphilitic  —  b.  Are- 
nie,  Bath,  sand — b.  Gelatinosum,  Bath,  gelatinous 
—  b.  Marise,  Bath,  water  —  b.  Medicatum,  Bath, 
medicated — b.  Sulphuris,  Bath,  sulphur. 

BALSAM,  Bal'samum,  Bol'eson,  Bel'eson,  (F.) 
Baume.  This  name  is  given  to  natural  vegetable 
substances,  concrete  or  liquid,  but  very  odorous, 
bitter,  and  piquant :  composed  of  resin,  benzoic 
acid,  and  sometimes  of  an  essential  oil ;  —  which 
allow  benzoio  acid  to  be  disengaged  by  the  action 
of  heat;  readily  dissolved  in  volatile  oil,  alcohol, 
and  ether;  and,  when  treated  with  alkalies,  afford 
a  soluble  benzoate,  and  throw  down  resin.  We 
know  of  only  five  balsams : — those  of  Peru,  and 
Tolu,  Benzoin,  solid  Styrax  or  Storax,  and  liquid 
Styrax.  (See  those  different  words.)  There  are, 
however,  many  pharmaceutical  preparations  and 
resinous  substances,  possessed  of  a  balsamic 
smell,  to  which  the  name  balsam  has  been  given ; 
but  tbey  differ  essentially  in  composition  and 
properties :  hence  the  distinction  of  balsams  into 
natural  and  artificial.  The  natural  balsams  in 
elude  the  five  before  mentioned;  the  artificial 
the  remainder. 

Balsam,  Acous'tic,  BaVsamum  Acom'ticun*. 
(F.)  Baume  acoustique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  cases  of  atonic  deafness,  dropped 
into  the  ear.    The  acourtic  balsam  of  Dr.  Hugh 


BALSAM,  AMERICAN 


122 


BALSAM,  PERUVIAN 


Bath,  head— ft.  Tilde,  Bath,  tepid— b.  Trea  froid, 
Bath,  cold — b.  de  Vapeur,  Bath,  vapour. 
Smith  is  made  by  mixing  three  drachms  of  ox- 
gall with  one  drachm  of  baUam  of  Peru. 

Balsam,  American,  see  Myroxylon  Peroiferum 
—  b.  Anodyne,  Bates's  Linimentum  saponis  et 
opii. 

Balsam,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum,  Apoplec'- 
tioum,  (F.)  Baume  apoplcctique.  A  medicine 
oomposcd  of  several  balsams  properly  so  called, 
resins,  and  volatile  oils.  It  is  of  a  stiff  consist- 
ence, is  worn  in  ivory  boxes  about  the  person, 
and  is  smelled  at  in  headachs,  Ac. 

Balsam  Apple,  Momordica  balsamina. 
Balsam  or  Arcgb'us,  Bal'samum  Arcai,  Un- 
guen'tum  El'emi,  (F.)  Baume  dFArcceus.  A  soft 
ointment;  sometimes  employed  in  wounds,  ul- 
cers, Ac.  It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  gentle 
heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  of  lard,  one 
and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin. 

Balsam,  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b.  Ca- 
nary, Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Carpa'thia,  Bal'samum  Oarpath'- 
icwn,  (F.)  Baume  de  Carpathie.  The  resin  of 
the  Pinus  Cembra,  a  tree,  which  grows  in  Svit- 
serland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapao  mountains  in 
Hungary. 

Balsam,  Chalyb'eate,  Bal'samum  Chalybea'- 
tum,  (F.)  Baume  d'acier  ou  d' aiguille*.  A  mix- 
ture of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  prepared 
by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  in  frictions  in  pains  of  the  joints. 
Balsam,  Commander's,  Tinctura  bonzoini  com- 
posite— b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam,  Cordial,  op  Sknnbr'tus,  Bal'samum 
Cordia'U  Senner'ti,  (F.)  Baume  eordiale  de  Sen- 
nert  A  stimulant  medicine,  composed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  cloves,  and  cinnamon,  of 
musk,  and  ambergris.     Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 

Balsam  of  Fierabrab.  A  celebrated  Spanish 
vulnerary  balsam,  mentioned  by  Cervantes  ;  the 
composition  of  which  was  oil,  rosemary,  salt  and 
wine.  (?) 

Balsam,  Spir'ituous,  of  Fioraventi,  Bal'- 
sdmum  Fioraven'ti  spirituo' sum,  (F.)  Baume  de 
Fioraventi  spiritueux.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  Tesinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 
viously macerated  in  alcohol,  have  been  thus 
called.  The  Spirituous  Balaam  of  Fioraventi, 
the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distillation 
from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic.  The 
Oily  Balsam  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by  re- 
moving the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an  iron 
vessel,  at  a  white  heat  It  has  the  appearance 
of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  BaUam  of 
Fioraventi  is  the  black  oil,  obtained  when  the 
temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize  the  sub- 
stances in  the  cucurbit. 
Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea. 
Balsam  of  Fourcrot  or  of  Laborde,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Laborde.  A  kind  of 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, 
resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriac,  and  olive  oil. 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 
Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam  of  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
v&ve.  An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.  Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene,  Ac. 

Balsam  cf  Honey  (Hill's.)  A  tincture  made 
of  tola,  honey  (55  lbj)  and  spirit,  (a  gallon.)  A 
pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recommend  the 
following  formula: — (Gum.  Benzoin.  Sv,  Bale. 
Tolnt.  gj,  Mellie  gviij,  Alcohol  Oiij— digest  for 
10  days  and  filter^  See  McL 


Balsam  of  Horehound  (Ford's.)  A  tincture 
of  horehound,  liquorice-root,  comphor,  opium, 
benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and  honey. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  above.  See 
Marrubium. 

Balsam,  Hungarian,  see  Pinus  mughos. 

Balsam,  Hypnot'ic,  Bal'samum  Hypnot'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hypnotique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opium,  hyosoyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances  form  the  basis.  It  is  used 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hyster'ic,  Bal'samum  Hyster'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hystirique.  A  preparation  made  of 
opium,  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  distilled  oils  of 
rue,  amber,  Ac.  It  is  held  to  the  nose,  applied 
to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogastrium  in 
hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

Balsam  of  Leictourb  of  Condom  or  Vincb- 
ouere,  Bal'samum  Lectoren'si.  A  strongly  sti- 
mulant and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor,  saffron, 
musk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  essential  oils. 
The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  purpose  of  purifying 
the  air  of  a  chamber,  when  infected  with  a  disa- 
greeable odour. 

Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoff'man,  Bal'samum 
Vita  Hoffman' ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d' Hoffman. 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  amber- 
gris, employed  internally  and  externally  as  a 
stimulant  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  without 
alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  Bal'samum 
apoplec'ticum,  B.  aromat'icum,  B.  cephal'icum,  B, 
Sajcon'icum,  B.  nervi'num,  B.  Scderzlri,  B.  Sto- 
mach'icum.    Employed  in  friction  as  a  stimulant 

Balsam  of  Life,  Decoctum  aloes  compositum 
— b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita. 

Balsam  of  Locatel'li  or  Lucatel'li,  BaV- 
samum  Lucatel'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lucatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 
saunders.  It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
nary consumption. 

Balsam  of  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum— b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Green,  op  Metz,  Bal'samum  Yir'idi 
yfetcn'sium,  Bal'samum  Vir'id?,  (F.)  Baume  vert 
dc  Metz,  Baume  de  Feuillct,  Huile  vcrte,  O'leum 
ox'ydi  cupri  vir'ide.  This  is  composed  of  several 
fixed  oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate  of 
copper,  sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentine,  aloes,  and 
the  essential  oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It  is 
green  and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten  the 
cicatrization  of  atonic  ulcers, 

Balsam,  Nephrit'ic,  of  Fcller,  Bal'samum 
Nephret'icum  Fulleri.  A  liquid  medicine,  com- 
posed of  oils,  resins,  and  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  given 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affections 
of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Nervous,  Bal'samum  tfervi'num, 
(F.)  Baume  nervin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  ointment, 
composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils,  balsam  of 
Peru,  camphor,  Ac  It  is  employed  in  friction 
in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic  pains. 

Balsam,  Paralyt'ic,  of  Mynsicht.  A  60rt 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  different  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Llniery. 

Balsam  of  Parei'ra  brava,  Bal'samum  Pa- 
rei'ras  brava.  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira  brava.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum— b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Toluifera  balsa  mum — 
b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


BALSAMADENDRON  GILEADENSE       123 


BAMBOO 


Balsam  of  Rackasi'ra  or  of  Rakasi'ri.  This 
substance  is  of  a  yellowish -brown  colour;  semi- 
transparent  ;  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softening  by 
boat;  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed.  It 
has  a  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  Balsam  of  Tolu, 
and  is  slightly  bitter.  It  is  brought  from  India 
in  gourd  shells,  and  has  been  employed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  urinary  and  genital  organs,  especially 
in  gonorrhoea, 

Balsam,  Riga.  Prepared  from  the  shoots  of 
the  Scotch  Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine.  In- 
ternally, stimulant  and  diuretic;  externally,  a 
vulnerary.     See  Pinus  C  em  bra. 

Balsam  of  Saturn,  Bal'aamum  Satur'ni.  A 
solution  of  acetate  of  lead  in  spirit  of  turpentine, 
concentrated  by  evaporation  ;  to  which  camphor 
has  been  added.  This  balsam  was  applied  to 
hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

Balsam  of  the  Samar'itan,  (F.)  Baume  du 
Samaritain.  A  sort  of  liniment,  prepared  by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  part*  of 
wine  and  oil.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the  oint- 
ment used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel  to 
eure  a  patient  covered  with  ulcers. 
Balsam,  Saxoh,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoffmann. 
Balsam  of  Sulphur,  Bal'eamum  Sul'phurie, 
•  (F.)  Baume  de  Son/re.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in 
oil. — B.  eulph.  antea'tum,  (F.)  B.  de  Sou/re  aniat. 
A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of  aniseed ; 
given  as  a  carminative. — B.  Snlph.  euccina'tum, 
(F.)  B.  de  Sou/re  euccini,  A  solution  of  sulphur 
in  oil  of  amber.  —  B.  Sulphurie  terebinthina'tum, 
Common  Dutch  Drop*,  (F.)  B.  de  eoufre  tSrtbin- 
thini.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
turpentine,  administered  as  a  diuretic. — The  Bal- 
aam of  Sulphur  of  Ruland  is  a  solution  of  sulphur 
in  linseed  oil  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  of  Stm'patht,  Bahamum  Sympath'- 
icuut,  (F.)  Baume  de  Sympathie,  A  balsam,  used 
in  the  days  when  sympathetic  influence  was 
strongly  believed  in.  It  was  composed  of  the 
raspings  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human  fat, 
and  was  applied  to  the  instrument  which  had 
inflicted  the  wound. 

Balsam,  Thibact's.  A  tincture  of  myrrh, 
aloes,  dragon's  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Chio  turpentine.  Internally,  diuretic;  exter- 
nally, vulnerary. 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 
Balsam,  Tranquil,  Bal'eamum  tranquil' I um 
sen  tranquil' lane,  (F.)  B.  tranquille.  A  liquid 
medicine  employed,  externally,  in  the  shape  of 
friction :  it  is  prepared  by  macerating  and  boil- 
ing, in  olive  oil,  narcotic  and  poisonous  plants, — 
belladonna,  mandragora,  hyoscyamus,  Ac — and 
afterwards  infusing,  in  the  filtered  decoction, 
different  aromatic  plants.  It  was  employed  as 
an  anodyne. 

Balsam,  Turkey,  Dracocephahim  Canariense. 
Balsam  of  Tur'pentine,  Dutch  Drop*,  BaV- 
eamum  Tercbin'thina.  Obtained  by  distilling 
oil  of  turpentine  in  a  glass  retort,  until  a  red 
balsam  is  left.  It  possesses  the  properties  of  the 
turpentines. 

Balsam,  Vervain's,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posite. 

Balsam,  Vul'nerart,  of  Mindere'rus,  BaV- 
eamnm  vttlnera'rium  Mindere'ri,  (F.)  B.  vulni- 
rat're  de  Minderer.  A  kind  of  liniment,  com- 
posed of  turpentine,  resin  elemi,  oil  of  St  John's 
wort,  and  wax.  Employed  in  friction,  and  as  a 
dressing  to  wounds.  f 

Balsam  Weed,  Impatiens  fulva — b.  Wound, 
Tinctura  Benzoini  composita. 

BALSAMADENDRON  GILEADENSE, 
Amyris  Gileadensis  —  b.  Myrrha,  see  Myrrha. 

BALSAMARIA  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fagara 
•ctandra. 


BALSAMELiEON,  Myroxylon  Perulfenim. 
BALSAM'IC,  Balsam'icus,  from  [iaX^ajiot, 
'balsam/  Possessing  the  qualities  of  balsams. 
Balsamic  odour:  —  a  sweet,  faint,  and  slightly 
nauseous  smell.  Baleamic  »nb»tance:  —  one  re- 
sembling the  balsams  in  property. 

BALSAMIER  &LEUIFEIIE,  Amyris  elemi- 
fera  —  b.  de  la  Mecque,  Amyris  opobal*amuin. 
BALSAMINA,  Moinordiea  balnamina. 
BALSAMINE,  Momordit-a  hulsainina. 
BALSAMITA  FCEM1NEA,  Achillea  ageratum 
— b.  Major,  Tanacetum  balsamita — b.  Mas,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita. 

Balsami'ta  Suav'eolexs,  B.  odora'ta,  B.  ma- 
rie, Mentha  Saracen'ica,  J/.  Jioma'na.  Earn, 
Composites  Corymbifew.  Sex.  Syet.  Syngenesia 
Polygamia  superflua.  A  plant,  common  in  the 
south  of  France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens ; 
where  it  bears  the  names  Jtenthecoq,  Grand 
baume,  Baume  dee  Jardiue.  Its  smell  is  strong 
and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot  It  is  ueed  for  the 
same  purposes  as  tansey,  i.  e.  as  a  stimulant,  ver- 
mifuge, Ac. 

Balsamita  Suaveolexs,  Tanacetum  balsa- 
mita— b.  Vulgaris,  Tunucotum  balsamita. 
BALSAMO-SACCH  Alt  I'M,  Elajo-Saccharum. 
BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum — b.  JEgyptiacuui,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b.  Alpini, 
Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  Alpini,  see  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum —  b.  Anodynum,  Liniment  urn 
saponis  et  opii — b.  Apoplecticum,  Balsam  of  life 
of  Hoffmann  —  b.  Aromaticum,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann  —  b.  Asiaticum,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  Brazilicnse,  Copaiba  —  b.  Calaba,  see 
Fagara  o ctandra  —  b.  Canadense,  see  Pinus  bal- 
samea — b.  Catholicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  com- 
posita—  b.  Cephalicum,  Balaam  of  life  of  Hoff- 
mann— b.  Copaiba?,  Copaiba — b.  Genuinum  anti- 
quorum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Hyperici 
simplex,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  b.  Judai- 
cum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Libani,  see 
Pinus  cembra — b.  Mariae,  see  Fa<rara  octandra— 
b.  e  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Mcr- 
curiale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — b.  Ner- 
vinnm,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann  —  b.  Opodel- 
doc, Linimentum  saponis  cam phora turn — b.  Oph- 
thalmicum  rubrum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydi — b.  Persicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  com- 
posita— b.  Peruanum,  see  Myroxylon  Pcruiferum 
b.  Saturninum,  Unguentum  pluinbi  superacetatis 
—  b.  Scherzeri,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann  —  b. 
Stomachicum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann  —  b. 
Styracis,  Styrax — b.  Styracis  benzoini,  Benjamin 
b.  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  b.  Sulpburis  Barba- 
dense,  Petroleum  sulphuratum —  b.  Sulphuris 
simplex,  Oleum  sulphuratum  —  b.  Syriacum,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Tolutanum,  see  Tolu- 
ifera balsamum —  b.  Tranqiiillans  *»eu  Tranquil- 
lum,  Balsam,  tranquil — b.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura 
benzoini  composita  —  b.  Universale,  Unguentum 
plumbi  superacetatis  —  b.  Viride,  Balsam,  green, 
of  Metz  ;  see  Fagara  octandra. 
BALSAMU8  P ALU STRIS,  Mentha  aquatics- 
BALSEM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
BAMBA,  Bamboo. 
BAMBALIA,  Balbuties. 

BAMBA'LIO,  Bam'balo,  BaWtro,  from  0aji- 
/?aiv<i>,  'I  speak  inarticulately.'  One  who  stam- 
mers or  lisps,  or  utters  inarticulate  sounds.  Ac- 
cording to  Krause,  one  who  speaks  as  ii  be  had 
pap  in  his  mouth,  or  as  if  the  tongue  were  para- 
lyzed. 

BAMBOO,  (F.)  Bamhnu,  Bambu.  Fttui.  Gra- 
mineso.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogyniu.  Tho 
young  shoots  of  Bamboe  arundina'tta,  Arun'do 
bambo»r  Bambu' ea  arvndina'e*-a,  and  of  Bumbo* 
verticilla'ta,  contain  a  saccharine  pith,  of  which 


BAMBOS 


124 


BANDELETTE 


the  people  of  both  the  Indies  are  very  fond. 
Ihey  are  sometimes  made  into  a  pickle. 

BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo  — b. 
Verticillata,  Bamboo. 

BAMBUSA  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo. 

BAMIX  MOSC1IATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BAMMA,  from  0a*rw,  'I  plunge,'  'a  point;  a 
dye.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in  which 
certain  bodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten  or  soften 
them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance,  into  which 
bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be  the  bamma. 

BANANA,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANANIEIi,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BANC  iyBIPPOCRATE,  Bathron. 

BANCAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  valgus,  compernis,  and  varus, 
which  see. 

BANCIWCHE,  (F.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
rickety  individual. 

BAND,  PRIMITIVE,  see  Nerve  Fibre. 

BAN'DAGE,  Desma,  Syndes'mus,  Hypodes' 
mis,  Hypodesma,  Hypodes'  mus,  (the  last  three 
signify  properly  an  under  bandage.)  A  binder, 
from  Sax.  bindan,  'to  bind.'  This  word,  with 
the  French,  is  generally  used  to  express  the  me- 
thodical application  of  rollers,  compresses,  Ac, 
Ban*daging,  Syn'desis,  to  fix  an  apparatus  upon 
any  part,— corresponding  to  the  words  deliga'tio, 
fascia' tio,  fascia' rum  applica'tio,  epid'esis.  With 
us  the  noun  is  usually  applied  to  the  result  of  the 
application,  or  to  the  bandage  itself; — a  sense  in 
which  the  French  employ  the  word  Bands,  Qan- 
dages  are  simple  or  compound.  The  simple  ban- 
dage is  equal,  if  the  turns  are  applied  circularly 
above  each  other ;  unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not 
accurately  applied  upon  each  other.  If  each  turn 
of  the  bandage  be  only  covered  one-third,  it 
forms  the  doloire  of  the  French;  if  the  edges 
touch  only  slightly,  it  is  the  mousse* ;  if  the  turns 
are  very  oblique  and  separated,  it  is  the  spiral 
or  creeping,  (F.)  rampant;  if  folded  upon  each 
other,  it  is  termed  the  reversed,  (F.)  renvcrsi. 
By  uniting  various  kinds  of  bandaging,  we  have 
the  compound/  and  these  compound  bandages 
have  received  various  names  expressive  of  their 
figure,  or  of  the  parts  to  which  they  are  applied, 
as  capistrum,  spica,  Ac.  Bandages  are  divided, 
also,  as  regards  their  uses,  into  uniting,  dividing, 
retaining,  expelling,  compressing,  d'C 

Bandage  or  Roller,  Fas' da,  Ta'nia,  Epi- 
des'mos,  Vin'ctdum,  the  Bande  of  the  French,  is 
derived  from  (G.)  bind  en,  'to  bind.'  It  may 
be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff  capable 
of  offering  a  certain  resistance.  The  two  extre- 
mities of  a  bandage  are  called  tails,  (F.)  chefs, 
and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its  head,  (F.)  globe. 
If  rolled  at  both  extremities,  it  is  called  a  double- 
headed  roller  or  bandage,  (F.)  Band*  &  deux 
globes. 

Baxdaob,  Bodt,  Manti'li,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corps,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  Ac,  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times ;  the 
extremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins.  This 
is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapulary  bandage, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordinary  ban- 
dage, stitched  to  the  anterior  and  middle  part 
of  the  napkiz.,  passing  over  the  clavicles  and 
behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the  back  part 
of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compressing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
tompressi'va  seu  convolu'ta,  (F.)  Bandogs  com- 

iiressive  ou  rouU,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 
ead ;  and  is  employed  in  cases  of  ulcers,  varices, 
Ac,  of  the  limbs.  Whenever  this  roller  is  applied 
to  the  loner  part  of  the  limbs,  it  is  carried  up- 


wards by  the  doloire  and  reversed  methods  above 
described. 

BANDAGE  D1VISTF,  Dividing  bandage  — 
b.  en  Doloire,  Doloire. 

Bandage,  Eighteen-tailkd,  Fas'cia  octod'- 
ecim  capit'ibus,  (F.)  Bandage  d  dix  huit  chefs. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller ;  and  with  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  toils,  to  cover  as  much 
of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very  useful 
bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undono  without 
disturbing  the  part 

Bandage,  Galen's,  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fas'cia 
Oale'ni  seu  Pau'pcrum,  (F.)  Bandage  de  Galien 
ou  des  Pauvres,  Ga'lea,  is  a  kind  of  cucullus  or 
hood,  (F.)  OoHvrechef,  divided  into  three  parts 
on  each  side ;  of  which  Galen  has  given  a  de- 
scription.   See  Cancer,  Galeni. 

Bandage,  Hernial,  see  Truss  —  b.  Immo- 
vable, Apparatus,  immovable. 

Bandage,  In'guinal,  Fas'cia  inguina'lis.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for  cover- 
ing the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity  of  this, 
one  or  two  bandages  are  attached,  which  pass 
under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  cincture.  This  bandage  may  be  either 
simple  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  under 
their  various  names. 

Bandage,  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immovable 
— b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Cancer  Galeni;  and  Band- 
age, Galen's. 

Bandage  op  separate  Strips,  or  B.  op  Scul- 
te'tcs,  Fas'ciafasci'olis  separa'tim  dispos'itis  sen 
Sculte'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  d  bandelettes  stpartee  ou 
de  Scultet.  This  is  formed  of  linen  strips,  each 
capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a  half  the  part 
to  which  they  have  to  be  applied,  and  placed 
upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover  successively  one- 
third  of  their  width.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  frac- 
tures, requiring  frequent  dressing. 

Bandage,  Under,  Ilypodesmis — b.  Unissant, 
Uniting  bandage. 

BANDAGING,  see  Bandage— b.  Doctrine  of, 
Desmaturgiak 

BAN'DAGIST.  One  whose  business  it  is  to 
make  bandages,  and  especially  those  for  hernia. 

BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in 
anatomy,  is  used  by  tho  French  for  various  nar- 
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions.  Bande 
d'Hiliodore,  is  a  kind  of  bandage  for  supporting 
the  mammsB. 

BANDE  A  U,  (F.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  is 
also  the  Bandeau  ou  Mouchoir  en  triangle  or 
triangular  bandage,  a  kind  of  couvrechef,  made 
of  a  squaro  piece  of  cloth,  or  of  a  handkerchief, 
folded  diagonally,  and  applied  round  the  head. 

BANDELETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  Bande, 
Fasciola,  Taniola,  Vitta  ;  a  narrow  bandage, 
strip,  or  fillet    Also  Tsenia  semicircularis. 

BANDELETTES  AGGLUTINATIVES, 
small  strips,  covered  with  a  glutinous  plaster. 
Vitta  agglutinan'tes.     See  Agglutinant 

BANDELETTES  DEOOUPEES,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  edge,  and  covered,  on 
one  side,  with  ointment  They  are  applied  to 
wounds  to  prevent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and  tho 
laceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

BANDELETTE  SEMICIRCULATRE,  Tae- 
nia semicircularis — 6.  des  Comes  d'ammon,  Corpus 
fimbriatum — b.  des  Eminences  pyriformes,  Tsenia 
semicircularis— 6.  de  V  Hippocampe,  Corpora  fim- 
briata. 


BANDUKA 


125 


BABK 


BANDURA,  Nepentba,destillatoria. 

BANDY-LEGGED,  Cnemoseoliosis. 

BANEBERRY,  Actsea  spicata. 

BAN  QUE,  Bhang,  Bangi  or  Beng,  Sedhee, 
Subjee.  Adanson  believes  this  to  be  the  Nepen- 
thes of  the  ancients.  The  largest  leaves  and  cap- 
sules without  the  stalks  of  Can' nab  is  In'diea, 
(F.)  Chanrre  Indien,  Indian  hemp,  probably  iden- 
tical with  C.  sativa.  Family,  Urliceas.  Sex.  Syst. 
Dioecia  Pentandria.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of 
Cannabis  are  narcotic  and  astringent.  They  are 
ehewed  and  smoked.  The  seeds,  mixed  with 
opium,  areca,  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind  of  in- 
toxication, and  are  used  for  this  purpose  by  the 
people  of  India.  An  alcoholic  extract  of  the 
plant,  Churrue,  has  been  used  in  India,  and  since 
then  in  Europe  and  in  this  country  as  a  narcotic, 
and  anti-convulsive,  in  the  dose  of  from  half  a 
grain  to  ten  or  more.  It  requires,  however,  great 
caution  in  its  administration.  The  pure  resin — 
Cannabine — is  aotive  in  the  dose  of  two-thirds  of 
a  grain. 

The  dried  plant,  which  has  flowered,  and  from 
which  the  resin  has  not  been  removed,  called 
Ounjah  or  Qanjah,  Haschisch,  Haschich,  Haehisch 
or  u  haschisch,  of  the  Arabs,  consists  of  the  tops 
and  tender  parts  only  of  the  plant,  collected  im- 
mediately after  inflorescence,  and  simply  dried. 

BANICA,  Pastinaca  saliva. 

BANILAS,  Vanilla. 

BANILLA,  Vanilla, 

BANILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANISTE'RIA  ANGULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brazil  and  the  Antilles,  passes  for  a  powerful 
sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison,  of  ser- 
pents. 

BABESIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia  Abysai- 
nica — b.  Speciosa,  Costus. 

BANNIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  diocess  of  Cs£ 
hors,  France.  The  waters  are  probably  chaly- 
beate. They  are  celebrated  in  amenorrhoea, 
cachexia,  jaundice,  Ac. 

BA'OBAB,  Adaneo'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa; 
Nat.  Ord.  Bombacese ;  one  of  the  largest  produc- 
tions of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its  fruit  is 
called,  in  the  country,  Pain  de  tinge.  The  pulp 
is  sourish,  and  agreeable  to  eat :  and  a  refreshing 
drink  is  made  from  it,  which  is  used  in  fevers. 
Prosper©  Alpini  and  Dr.  L.  Frank  think  that  the 
Terra  Lemnia  was  prepared,  in  Egypt,  from  the 
pulp.  All  the  parts  of  the  Baobab  abound  in 
mucilage.  The  bark  has  been  given  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona. 

BAPTISIA  LETJCANTHA,  see  Sophora  tinc- 
toria — b.  Tinctoria,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

BAPTISTERIUM,  Baignoire. 

BAR  A  Q  UETTE,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  Ra- 
sous,  physician  at  Nismes  in  France,  to  a  catar- 
rhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  1761.  See 
Influenza. 

BARATHRON,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BARB  A,  Beard — b.  Aaronis,  Arum  maculatum 
— b.  Capro,  Spiraea  ulmaria — b.  Hirci,  Tragopo- 
gon — b.  Jovis,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BARBADOES,  see  West  Indies  —  b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

BARB  ARE  A,  Erysimum  Barbarea— b.  Stricta, 
Erysimum  Barbarea. 

BARBAROS'SiE  PIL'TJL.fi,  BarbarcSea'* 
Pill*.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  Ac  It  was  the  first 
internal  mercurial  medicine,  whieh  obtained  any 
real  credit. 

BAR  BE,  Beard — 6.  de  Bouc,  Tragopogon. 

BARBEAU,  Cyanus  segetum. 


BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS.  A  Corporation 
of  London,  instituted  by  king  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  surgeons,  by  18 
Geo.  II.,  c.  15  ,*  and  the  latter  were  erected  into 
a  Royal  College  of  Surgeon*  at  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century. 

BARBERS,  ARMY,  see  Bathers. 

BARBERIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  leagu\  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  They 
are  used  as  chalybeate*. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni  —  b.  Ameri- 
can, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARBIERS.  A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India;  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriberi.  Beriberi  is  commonly 
an  acute  disease.    Barbiers  is  generally  chronic. 

BARBITIUM,  Beard. 

BAR-BONE.  Pubis,  os. 

BAH  BO  TINE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 

BARBULA  CAPRINA,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

BARCLAY'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulsi 
antibilio8fo. 

BARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARD  AN  A,  Arctium  lappa — b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thiuni. 

BARDANE  PETITE,  Xanthium. 

BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bareges  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Hautea 
Pyrenees,  near  which  are  several  springs.  They 
are  sulphureous  and  thermal,  the  heat  varying 
from  85°  to  112°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain 
chlorides  of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphates 
of  magnesia  and  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, Ac.  These  springs  have  long  enjoyed  a 
high  reputation,  and  are  daily  advised  in  cutane- 
ous and  scrofulous  affections,  Ac. 

Factitious  Bareges  Water,  Aqva  Baregi- 
nen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  de  Barf  gee  A*  made  by  adding, 
hydroevlphuretted  water,  f£iv,  to  pure  toater, 
f  §  xvijse,  carbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj,  chloride  of 
sodium,  gr.  ss.     Bottle  closely. 

BARGADA,  Convolvulus  pes  capriss. 

BARGOU.  An  alimentary  preparation  formed 
of  ground  oats,  boiled  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  water. 

BARIGLIA,  Soda. 

BARII  CHLORIDUM,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  Iodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

BARILLA,  Soda— b.  Alicant,  Soda— b.  Car- 
thagena,  Soda — b.  Turkey,  Soda. 

BARILLOR,  Soda. 

BARIUM,  Ba'rymn,  Barytfium,  Pluto'niwn, 
from  fiapvs,  'heavy.'  The  metallie  base  of  ba- 
ryta, so  called  from  the  great  density  of  its  com- 
pounds. 

Barium,  Chloride  or,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  Ohlorure  de,  Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  Iodide  of, 
Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b.  Protoxide  of,  Baryta. 

BARK,  Cinchona  —  b.  Bitter,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens — b.  Calisaya,  Cinchonas  cordifoliae  cortex— 
b.  Caribnan,  Cinchonas  Caribeere  cortex — b.  Car- 
thagena,  soe  Cinchona  —  b.  Crown,  Cinchonas 
lancifolise  cortex  —  b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca — b. 
Essential  salt  of,  Bee  Cinchona  —  b.  Florida, 
Pinckneya  pubens  —  b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens — b.  Gray,  see  Cinchona — b.  Huanuco,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca — b.  Je- 
suit's, Cinchona— b.  Loxa,  Cinchonas  lancifolite 
cortex — b.  Pale,  Cinchona  lancifolite  cortex—  b. 
Maracaybo,  see  Cinchona — b.  Peruvian,  Cincho- 
na—  b.  Pitaya,  Cinchona  Caribsess  cortex  —  b. 
Red,  Cinchonas  oblongifoliss  cortex  —  b.  Saint 
Lucia,  Cinchonas  Caribeesa  cortex  —  b.  Santa 
Martha,  see  Cinchona- -b.  Silver,  see  Cinchon* 
— b.  Yellow,  Cinchonas  cordifoli®  cortex. 


BARLERIA 


126 


BASIL 


BARLERTA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  achulH.         1 

BARLEY,  PEARL,  see  Hordeum— b.  Scotch, 
Hordeum — b.  Water,  Decoctum  hordei. 

BARM,  Yest 

BARNET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bar- 
net  is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a 
Surging  quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  about 
alf  the  strength. 

BAROMACROM'ETER,  Padobaromacrom'- 
eter,  PcBdom'eter,  from  (lapos,  'weight,'  uaxpot, 
'long,'  and  utrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument 
invented  by  Stein  to  indicate  the  length  and 
weight  of  a  new-born  infant. 

B  A  R  0  M '  E  T  E  R,  Ba rotcop'ium,  Ba'roteope, 
from  Qapos,  'weight,'  and  furpov,  'measure.'  (F.) 
Baromltre.  An  instrument  which  measures  the 
weight  of  the  air.  A  certain  degree  of  density  in 
this  medium  is  necessary  for  health.  When  we 
ascend  high  mountains  great  inconvenience  is 
experienced,  owing  to  the  diminished  density. 
Changes  of  this  character  are  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  papos,  '  heaviness.'  Employed  by  the 
Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling  of  las- 
situde and  heaviness  observable  in  many  diseases. 
—Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BAROSCOPE,  Barometer. 

BAROSMA  CREXATA,  Diosma  crenata. 

BAROTES  SALITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 

B ARRAS,  see  Pin  us  sylveptris. 

BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barre 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  Strasburg. 
The  waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much  iron, 
calcareous  salt,  <tc.   They  are  diuretic  and  tonic. 

BARRE  (F.)  Bnrrure,  Vara,  'a  bar.'  A  pro- 
jection or  prolongation  of  the  symphysis  pubis  : 
— a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARREE  (F.)  A  term  applied,  in  France, 
to  a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  de- 
scribed under  Barre. 

BARRIES,  (DENTS.)  The  molar  teeth, 
when  the  roots  are  spread  or  tortuous,  so  that 
they  cannot  be  extracted  without  being  broken ; 
or  without  a  portion  of  the  alveolar  arch  being 
removed. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

BARRENNESS,  Sterilita*. 

BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BARRURE,  Barre. 

BARTON'S  FRACTURE,  see  Fracture  of  the 
Radius,  Barton'?. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 

BARYCOITA,  Baryecoia. 

BARYECOI'A,  Barycoi'ta,  Bradyeeoi'a,  Pa- 
racu'tia  obtu'ea,  Disecoi'a,  Bytecos'a,  Audi' tut 
dijffic"ilit,  Obaudi'tio,  Obaudi'tut,  A.  gravit,  A. 
imminu'tut,  Hypoeopho' tit,  Ifypoehyro'tit,  (F.) 
Dwreti  d' Oreille,  from  /?r/p»j,  'heavy,'  and  0*017, 
'hearing.'  Hardness  of'  hearing,  incomplete 
deafness.     See  Cophosis,  and  Deafness. 

BARYGLOSSIA,  Balbuties,  Baryphonia. 

BARYI  HYDRAS  IODATI,  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date of. 

BARYLALIA,  Baryphonia. 

BARYOD'YNE,  from  fapvt,  'heavy,'  and  ofovn, 
'pain.'    A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  Baryglotftiat  Baryta* Ha, 
Loque'la  impedi'ta,  from  jiapvf, '  heavy,'  and  +w>n, 
•voice.'    Difficulty  of  voice  or  speech. 

BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

BARYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARY'TA,  from  papvs,  '  heavy,'  Terra  ponde- 
ro'ta,  Bary'tet,  Prutox'ide  of  Ba'rium,  Heavy 
Earih,  Poudcrowi  Earth,  (F.)  Baryte,  Barite, 
Terr*  petant:  This  earth  and  its  soluble  salts 
are  all  highly  corrosive  pohwos.    It  is  nover  em- 


ployed in  medicine  in  the  pure  state.  When  ex- 
ternally applied,  it  is  caustic,  like  potassa  and 
soda. 

Bary'ta,  Carbonate  op,  Baryta  Car'6owa«, 
(F.)  Carbonate  de  Baryte,  is  only  used  officinally 
to  obtain  the  muriate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'odate  of,  Baryta  Hydriodat, 
Baryta  Hydriod'ica,  Hydras  Baryi  loda'ti,  (in 
the  dry  state, — Iodide  of  Barium,  Barii  lod'i- 
dum,  B.  Joda'tum,)  has  been  given  in  scrofulous 
and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may  be  admi- 
nistered internally  in  the  dose  of  one  eighth  of  a 
grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  be  applied 
externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in  the  form  of 
ointment,  (gr.  iv  to  §j  of  lard.) 

Baryta  Hydriodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  o£ 

Baryta,  Mu'riate  or  Hydrochlorate  op, 
Bary'ta  mu'riat,  Chlo'ride  of  Ba'rinm,  Ba'rii 
Chlo'ridum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Chlo'ruret  of  Ba'rium, 
Terra  pondero'ta  tali'ta  seu  tnuria'ta,  Sal  muri- 
at'ieum  barot'icum,  Baro'tet  tali' tut,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  barium,  is  the  combination  chiefly  used. 
The  Muriate  of  Baryta  may  be  formed  as  follows : 
Baryt.  Carbon,  in  frastulis,  lbj,  Acid.  Muriat* 
fjxij,  Aqua,  Oiij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the  water, 
and  gradually  add  the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle 
heat,  and,  when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the 
liquor,  and  boil  it  down  so  that  crystals  may  form 
as  it  cools.     Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Solu'tio  Muria'ti* 
Baryta,  Liquor  Barii  Ohlo'ridi,  Ph.  U.  S.,  Aqua 
baryta  muria'tit,  (F.)  Solution  de  Muriate  de 
Baryte,  (Muriate  of  Baryta,  one  part;  distilled 
water,  three  parts,)  and  is  employed  in  scrofulous 
cases,  worms,  and  cutaneous  diseases.  Exter- 
nally, to  fungous  ulcers  and  to  specks  on  the 
cornea. 

Baryt.e  Carbonas,  Baryta  (Carbonate) — b. 
Ilydriodas,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of —  b.  Muriaa, 
Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARYTE,  Baryta— 6.  Carbonate  de,  Baryta, 
carbonate  of. 

BARYTHMIA,  Melancholy. 

BARYTIUM,  Barium. 

BARYUM,  pee  Barium. 

BAS-FOXI),  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

BAS-LASS&,  Stocking,  laced. 

BAS  VENTRE,  Abdomen. 

BASAAL.  The  name  of  an  Indian  tree,  the 
decoction  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with  ginger, 
is  used  as  a  gargle  in  diseases  of  the  fauces.  The 
kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

BASANASTRA'G  ALA,  from  fiacavos,  'torture,' 
and  atrrpayaXot, '  the  astragalus.'  Pain  in  the  ankle 
joint  ,*  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASANIS'MOS,  from  0<wayi$«r,  'to  explore. 
'A  touch-stone.'  Investigation  or  examination' 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BASE,  Baeis,  from  /tare,  'I  proceed," I  rest,' 
'I  support  myself.'  That  which  serves  as  a  foun- 
dation or  support  That  which  enters,  as  a  prin- 
cipal matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combination.  In 
anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  former  sense,  as 
Bate  of  the  Cranium,  Bate  of  the  Brain — Batit 
seu  Pavimen'tum  cere'bri;  Bate  of  a  procett,  <fcc, 
Bate  of  the  heart — Batit  vel  coro'na  cordit.  In 
the  art  of  prescribing,  Batit  is  the  chief  substantia 
which  enters  into  a  compound  formula. 

BASEMENT  MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane, 
basement 

BASIATIO,  Coition. 

BASIATOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 

BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryopbyllatum— V. 
Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Common,  Ocy- 
mum basilicum — b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryophylla* 
tum — b.  Wild,  Chenopodium  vulgar* — b.  Wild, 


BASILAD 


127 


BATH 


Cunfla  mariana — b.  Wild,  Pycnanthemum  in- 
canum. 

BASILAD,  see  Basilar  Aspect 

BAS'ILAR,  Basila'ris,  Bas'ilary,  (F.)  Basi- 
laire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  base,  from 
floats,  'base/  This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral parts,  which  seem  to  serve  as  basis  to  others. 
The  sacrum  and  sphenoid  have  been  hence  so 
called. 

Basilar  Artery,  A.  basila'ris,  A.  cervica'ld, 
(F.)  Arte*  re  ou  Tronc  basilaire,  A.  tnesoce'phalique 

iCh.)  The  union  of  the  two  vertebral  arteries, 
t  ascends  along  the  middle  groove  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  tuber,  and  is  supported,  be- 
neath by  the  Fossai  baeilaris.  It  terminates  in 
the  posterior  cerebral  arteries. 

Basilar  Aspect,  An  aspect  towards  the  base 
of  the  head. — Barclay.  Basilad  is  used  adverbi- 
ally by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'towards  the 
basilar  aspect' 

Basilar  Fossa,  (F.)  GouttQre  ou  ?nm  basi- 
laire, is  the  upper  surface  of  the  basilary  process, 
— so  called  because  it  is  channeled  like  a  Fossa 
or  Gutter.     The  Tuber  annulare  rests  upon  it 

Basilar  Process,  Proces'sus  basila'ris  ossis 
occip'itie,  P.  cunei/or'mis  ossis  occip'itis,  (F.) 
Apophyse  Basilaire,  Prolongement  sous-occipital, 
Uu'nei/orm  Process,  is  the  bony  projection,  formed 
by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipitis,  which  is 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

Basilar  Sinus,  Sinus  transversus. 

Basilar  Surface,  (F.)  Surface  basilaire,  is 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  process.  It  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

Basilar  Vertebra.  The  last  vertebra  of  the 
loins. 

BASII/IC,  BasiVicus,  from  factXticos,  'royal/ 
This  name  was  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  parts 
which  they  conceived  to  play  an  important  part 
in  the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein,  Vena  basil' ica,  V.  cu'biti  inte'- 
fjor,  (F.)  Veine  Basilique,  Veine  cubitale  cuta- 
nea of  Chaussler.  This  vein  is  one  of  those  on 
which  the  operation  of  blood-letting  is  performed. 
It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the  fold  of  the 
elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  artery,  and  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cubital 
veins,  and  by  the  median  basilic.  It  terminates, 
in  the  arm-pit  in  the  axillary  vein.  The  an- 
cients thought,  that  the  basilio  of  the  right  arm 
had  some  connexion  with  the  liver,  and  henoe 
they  called  it  hepatic.  The  vein  of  the  left  arm, 
for  a  similar  reason,  they  called  splenic.  The 
Median  Basilic  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  midiane  basi- 
lique, is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  preceding 
rein.  It  joins  tho  median  cephalic  at  an  acute 
angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse  branch,  and  re- 
ceives some  branches  of  the  deep  radial  and  cu- 
bital veins,  and  a  considerable  subcutaneous  vein 
— tho  common  median. 

BASILIC  COMMUN,  Ocymum  basilicum— 6. 
Sauvage,  grand,  Chenopodium  vulgare. 

BASH/ICON,  Ba*il'icum.  'Royal/  or  of 
great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of  yellow 
wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  one  part 
olive-  oil,  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called  Un- 
yuen'tum  Tetraphar' macum,  (rcrpa<papnaKa,  'four 
drugs/) — Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

Basilicon,  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian  Codex, 
is  the  Onguent  de  Poix  et  de  Gire.  In  most  Phar- 
macopoeias, it  is  represented  by  the  Unguen'tum 
or  Cera' turn  Rmi'na.  It  is  used  as  a  stimulating 
ointment  See  Ceratum  Resinae,  and  Unguen- 
tum  Resinae  Nigra. 

BASILICUM,  Basilicon,  Ocymum  Basilicum 
—  b.  Citratum,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Hajus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 

BASILISCUS,  Syphilis. 


BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUfl* 
Hyoglostsus. 

BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS,  from  £««* 
'base/  Ktpas,  'cornu/  and  yXueea,  'tongue/  A 
name  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  and  base 
of  the  tongue. 

BASIOCES'TRTJM,  from  fats,  'the  base/ 
and  Kttrrpa,  'a  dart'  An  instrument  for  opening 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  invented  by  Mes- 
ler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  ffypseloglos'sus,  Hyoba- 
sioglossus,  Ypseloglos'sus,  from  /?arif,  'base,'  and 
yXwwa,  *  the  tongue/  A  name  formerly  given  to 
the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is  inserted 
into  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides. — Riolan,  Thomas 
Bartholine.    See  Lingual  Muscle. 

BASIO  PHARYNG^'US,  from  fats,  'base/ 
and  tpapvyt,  'the  pharynx/  A  name  given  to 
some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  medius. 
— Winslow. 

BASIS,  see  Prescription — b.  Cerebri,  Base  of 
the  Brain — b.  Cordis,  Radix  cordis — b.  Corporis, 
Sole. 

BASSI-COL'ICA.  Name  of  a  medicine  com- 
posed of  aromatic*  and  honey.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 

BASSIA  BTJTYRACEA,  see  Spirit  (Arrack.) 

BASS  IN,  Pelvis — b.  Oculaire,  Scaphium  ocu- 
lare. 

BASSINER,  to  foment 

BASSINET,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney,  Ranunculus 
bulbosus. 

BAS'SORA,  GUM.  A  gum,  obtained  from  a 
plant  unknown,  which  came  originally  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bassora,  on  the  Gulf  of  Per- 
sia, whence  its  name.  It  is  in  irregularly  shaped 
pieces,  white  or  yellow,  and  intermediate  in  its 
transparency  between  gum  Arabic  and  gum  tra- 
gaeanth.  Only  a  small  portion  is  soluble  in 
water.  The  insoluble  portion  is  a  peculiar  prin- 
ciple, called  Bassorin.  It  is  not  used  in  medi- 
cine; but  bassorin  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  substances. 

BASSORIN,  see  Bassora  gum. 

BASSWOOD,  Tilia, 

BATA,  Musa  Paradisiaca, 

BATABAS,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  appellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  Convolvulus  Batatas  or  Sweet  Potato. 
Our  word,  Potato,  comes  from  this. 

BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL  DROPS,  see  Pec- 
toral Drops,  Bateman's. 

BATERION,  Bath  rem. 

BATES'S  ANODYNE  BALSAM,  Linimentua 
saponis  et  opii. 

BATH,  Anglo-Saxon,  ba»,  Bal'neun,  Bala- 
ne'um,  B aline' um,  Loutron,  (F.)  Bain.  Immer- 
sion, or  stay,  for  a  longer  or  shorter  duration,  of 
the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  body,  in  some  medium, 
as  water.  Act  of  plunging  into  a  liquid,  sand, 
or  other  substance,  in  which  it  is  the  custom  to 
bathe,  Plunge  Bath.  Also,  the  vessel  in  which 
the  water  is  put  for  bathing.  Also,  a  publio  or 
private  establishment  for  bathing. 

In  Pharmacy,  a  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  and 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  digestion, 
evaporation,  or  distillation. 

Bath,  Acid,  Balneum  ac"idum  (Acid.  inuriaL 
ft>ij ;  Aqua,  cong.  lxvi.  One  half,  one  third,  ot 
one  fourth  the  quantity  of  acid  is  more  frequently 
employed.) 

Bath,  Acid,  Scott's,  see  Scott's  Acid  Bath* 

Bath,  Air,  Hot,  see  Bath,  hot— b.  Air,  warns, 
see  Bath,  hot 

Bath,  Al'xaline,  BaVieum  alkali' num.   This 


BATH 


128 


BATISSE 


may  be  made  of  half  a  pound  or  a  pound  of  pearl- 
ash  or  of  carbonate  of  soda,  to  sixty-six  gallons 
ef  water. 

Bath,  Ax'im  al,  Balneum  Anima'll,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 

Bath,  A.vtipsor'ic,  Bal'neum  antipso'rieum. 
Recommended  in  cases  of  itch  and  other  cuta- 
noou8  diseases.  (Potass,  sulphuret.  §iv,  Aqua 
Cong,  lz.) 

Bath,  Antisyphilit'ic,  Bal'neum  anti syphilit- 
icum, Mercu'rial  bath.  Made  by  dissolving  from 
two  drachms  to  an  ounce  of  the  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury  in  sixty  gallons  of  water. 

Bath,  Arm,  Brachilu'vium.  A  bath  for  the  arm. 

Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Cool,  see  Bath, 
hot. 

Bath,  Dry,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
Ac.  The  ancients  used  these  frequently  for  the- 
rapeutical purposes. 

Bath,  Earth,  Arenatio. 

Bath,  Blec'tric,  (F.)  Bain  tlectrique,  consists 
in  placing  the  person  upon  an  insulated  stool, 
communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with  the 
principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  machine  in 
action.  The  Electric  Bath  produces  general  ex- 
citement of  all  the  functions,  and  especially  of 
the  circulation  and  secretions. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  Gelat'inous,  Bal'neum  gelatino'sum. 
Made  by  dissolving  two  pounds  of  gelatin  in  a 
gallon  of  water. 

Batii,  General,  (F.)  Pain  Entier,  is  one  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head;  in  contradistinction  to  the  partial  bath, 
Merobalane'um,  Merobal'neum. 

Bath,  Half,  Semicu'pium,  Excathis'ma,  In- 
ces'sio,  Inces'sus.  is  one  adapted  for  half  the  body. 
One,  for  receiving  only  the  hips  or  extremities,  is 
also  so  called. 

The  Sitz-bath,  (G.)  Sitzbad,  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  tub  of  cold  water,  in  which  the  patient 
sits  for  a  variable  period. 

Bath,  Hand,  Manulu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Main 
ou  Manuluve,  is  a  Bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  Oapitilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Tite 
ou  Oapitiluvc,  a  bath  for  the'head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxalu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fau- 
teuil,  Bain  de  Sifge,  is  one  in  whioh  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

Bath,  Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zestolu'sia, 
(F.)  Bain  chaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  98°  and  upwards;  the  Warm  Bath 
from  92°  to  98°;  the  Tepid  Bath,  (F.)  Bain 
Tilde,  Balneum  tep'idum,  from  85°  to  92° ;  the 
Temperate  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  tempiri,  from  75° 
to  85°;  the  Cool  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  frais,  from 
60°  to  75°  ;  the  Cold  Bath,  Balneum  frig'idum, 
Frigida'rium,  (F.)  Bain  froid,  Bain  trie  froid, 
(of  some,)  from  30°  to  60°:  and  the  Vapour 
Bath,  Balneum  vapo'ris,  (F.)  Bain  de  Vapeur, 
&tuve  Humide,  from  100°  to  130°,  and  upwards. 
See  Vaporarium.  A  Warm  Air  Bath,  or  Hot 
Air  Bath,  consists  of  air  the  temperature  of 
which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Msd'icateb,  Balneum  Medica'tvm,  (F.) 
Bain  mSdieinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoctions 
or  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or  of  any  in- 
gredient, introduced  into  the  water  for  therapeu- 
tical purposes. 

Bath,  Mercurial,  Bath,  antisyphilitio — b. 
Nttro  -muriatic  acid,  Scott's  acid  bath. 

Bath,  Plunge,  see  Bath. 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'na,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire     Into  this  vessel,  the  one  is 


put  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  evapo- 
rated.    See  Psammismus. 

Bath,  Sea  Water,  Balneum  Mar'ia,  (F.) 
Bain  Marie,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  boil- 
ing sea  water,  or  salt  water,  in  which  the  vessel 
is  placed,  that  contains  the  substance  to  be  eva- 
porated. Bain  Marie  is,  however,  at  the  present 
day  often  employed  for  any  form  of  water  bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Impln'vium,  is  one  in  which 
the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a  shower  on  the 
body.     See  Douche. 

Bath,  Sitz,  see  Bath,  half. 

Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  by  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  o? 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath.    • 

Bath,  Succession,  Transition  bath.  A  term 
applied  to  the  rapid  succession  or  transition  from 
a  cold  to  a  warm  or  hot  bath,  or  conversely. — Bell. 

Bath,  Sulphur,  Bal'neum  Sulph'ttris.  A  bath 
much  used  in  psora,  and  other  chronic  cutaneous 
affections.  It  may  be  composed  of  two  ounces 
of  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  and  eight  ounces  of 
sulphuret  of  potassium  added  to  each  bnth. 

Bath,  Tan.  An  astringent  bath,  prepared,  at 
times,  by  boiling  two  or  three  handfuls  of  ground 
oak-bark, — such  as  is  used  by  tanners — in  two 
or  threo  quarts  of  water,  for  half  an  hour,  and 
then  adding  the  decoction  to  the  water  of  the 
bath. 

Bath,  Temperate,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Tepid, 
see  Bath,  hot 

Bath,  Transition,  Bath,  succession. 

Bath,  Vapour,  see  Bath,  hot,  and  Vapora- 
rium— b.  Warm,  see  Bath,  hot 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  cold  bath,  especially  the  cold  sea 
bath,  is  a  sedative  and  indirect  tonic :  the  warm 
bath  a  relaxant;  and  the  hot  bath  a  stimulant 

The  regular  use  of  the  bath  is  extremely  con- 
ducive to  health ;  but  if  too  much  indulged  in,  it 
is  apt  to  produce  injurious  effects. 

BATH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  AquB 
Batho'nia  vel  Bad' iter,  Aqua  Soli;  Aqua  Bad'* 
igua.  Celebrated  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
England.  They  contain  but  little  impregnation, 
and  are  chiefly  indebted  to  their  temperature, 
from  112°  to  117°  Fahrenheit,  for  their  utility. 
The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
lime,  protoxide  of  iron,  free  carbonic  acid  and 
azote. 

These  waters  are  employed  in  the  most  hete- 
rogeneous cases ;  and  are  serviceable  where  the 
simple  thermal  springs  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis,  Ac. 

BA'THER,  -same  etymon ;  Balnca'rius,  Bali* 
nea'tor,  Balnea' tor,  (F.)  Baigneur.  One  who 
bathes.  Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to  those 
that  administered  baths  to  the  diseased,  —  the 
Etuvistes  of  the  French.  At  the  present  day,  in 
remote  districts  in  Germany,  the  country  people 
call  their  medical  practitioners  Bader,  or '  bath- 
men,'  and  Feldscheeren,  or  'army  barbers.' 

BATHMIS,  Bathmus,  'base,  support'  The 
cavity  of  a  bone,  which  receives  the  eminence  of 
another;  and  especially  the  two  Fosse t tea  at  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  into  which  the 
processes  of  the  ulna  are  received,  during  the 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

BATHRON,  Bathrum  Hippoc'ratis,  Scamnum 
Hippoc'ratis,  Bate' Hon,  'a  step,  a  ladder.'  (F.) 
Bane  d*  Hippocrate.  An  instrument,  used  for  the 
extension  of  a  limb,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion. The  description  of  it  is  found  in  Galen, 
Oribasius,  and  Scultetus,  with  a  figure. 

BATHRUM  HIPPOCRATIS,  Bathron. 

BATIA,  Retort 

BATISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    fit- 


BATOS 


U9 


BEBEERU 


tisse  is  three  leagues  from  Clermont,  in  France. 
The  water  is  tepid,  and  contains  snboarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphates  of  lime  and  iron, 
muriate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BATOS,  Rubus  Idoeus. 

BATRACIIUS,  Ranula, 

BATTALISM'US,  Battarie'mut,  from  flarra- 
feiv.  '  to  stammer/  Balbuties.  Stammering  with 
Incapacity  to  pronounce  the  R. 

BATT'ALUS,  BeWtarut,  same  etymon.  A 
stammerer,  a  stutterer. 

BATTARTSMUS,  Battalismns. 

BATTARUS,  Battalus. 

BATTATA  VIRGINIANA,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

BATTEMENS  DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du 
Cctur  fatal, 

B  ATT E  ME  NT,  Pulsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  France,  two  leagues 
and  a  half  from  Mirecourt  The  waters  are  sul- 
phureous. 

BAUDRUCHES,  Condom. 

BAUHIN,  VALVE  OF,  Valve  of  Tui/pirs, 
V.  of  FALLO'PlUg,  V.  of  Vauo'lius,  H'eo-ccrcal 
Valve,  IUo-colic  Vahe,  Val'vula  llei,  Val'vula 
Colt,  V.  Coed,  Operculum  Ilei,  Sj>hincter  llei. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  valve  situate  trans- 
versely at  the  place  where  the  ileum  opens  into 
the  ccecum,  and  which  Bauhin  says  he  discovered 
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It  had,  however,  been  pre- 
viously described  by  several  anatomists;  as  by 
Vidua  Vidius,  Postius,  Ac. 

BAXJME,  Balsam — b.  oVAcier,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate— b.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic — b.  <P Ai- 
guille*, Balsam,  chalybeate — b.  Apopleetique,  Bal- 
sam, apoplectic — b.  d' Arcane,  Arcssus,  balsam  of; 
see,  also,  Balsam  of  Arcaeus  —  6.  oVAretue,  Un- 
guentum  elemi  compositum— 6.  Benjoin,  Benjamin 
b,  Blanc,  see  Amyris  Opobalsamum — bkdu  Breeil, 
Copaiba — b.  de  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b. 
de  Cannelle,  Laurus  cinnamomum — b.  de  Carpa- 
fkie,  Balsam  of  Carpathia — b.  de  Carthagine,  see 
Toluifera  balsamum — b.  de  Constantinople  blane, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum — 6.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba 
—  b.  Cordiale  de  Sennerte,  Balsam,  cordial,  of 
Sennertus  —  6.  oVEau  &  feuUlee  ridiee,  Mentha 
crispa — b.  de  Feuillet,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz — 
b.  de  Fioraventi  epiritueuee,  Balsam,  spirituous, 
of  Fioraventi  —  b.  de  Foureroy  on  de  Laborde, 
Balsam  of  Foureroy  or  Laborde  —  6.  de  Galaad, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  de  Genevieve,  Bal- 
sam of  Genevieve  —  6.  Grand,  Tanacetnm  bal 
samita — b.  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum —  b.  Hypnotique,  Balsam,  Hypnotic  —  b. 
Buetirique,  Balsam,  hysteric  —  b.  dee  Jardine, 
Mentha  viridis  —  b.  de  Lucatel,  Balsam,  Luca- 
telli's — 6.  Nervin,  Balsam,  nervous — 6.  de  Perou, 
see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum —  b.  du  Samaritain, 
Balsam  of  the  Samaritan  —  6.  Saxon,  Balsam, 
Saxon  —  b.  de  Soufre,  Balsam  of  sulfur  —  6. 
de  Sympatkie,  Balsam  of  sympathy  —  6.  TVon- 
auille,  Balsam,  tranquil  —  6.  de  Tolu,  see  Tolui- 
fera balsamum — b.  de  Vanille,  Vanilla— o.  Vert, 
see  Fagara  octandra — b.  Vert  de  Metz,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz  —  b.  de  Vie  oV  Hoffmann,  Balsam 
of  Life,  of  Hoffmann — b.  de  Vie  de  Leliivre,  Tino- 
tura  aloes  composite  —  ©.  Vrai,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum —  b.  Vulneraire  de  Minderer,  Balsam, 
vulnerary,  of  Mindcrerus. 

BAURAC,  (Arab.)  Nitre,  or  salt  in  general. 
From  this  word  comes  Borax. 

BAURIN.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baurin 
is  a  village  four  leagues  from  Roye,  department 
of  Somme.    The  waters  are  strongly  chalybeate. 

BAVE,  (F.)  Sali'va  ex  orefluene,  Spuma,  Hu~ 
mor  Sali'vue.    Frothy,  thick,  viscid  saliva,  issu- 
ing from  the  mouth.    This  drirtUing  or  «farer- 
9 


ing,  we  see  in  children,  old  people,  Ac  The  term 
is,  also,  applied  to  the  frothy  liquid,  which  flows 
from  the  mouth  of  rabid  animals.  Sanvages  uses 
it  synonymously  with  salivation. 

BAT,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glanca— b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum — b.  Rose,  Ame- 
rican, Rhododendron  maximum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rus—  b.  White,  Magnolia  glanca  and  M.  maoro- 
phylla. 

BDALSIS,  Sucking. 

B  DELL  A,  Hirudo. 

BDKL'LIUM.  Myrrka  imperfecta,  Bolchm, 
Madeleon,  Balckus.  A  gum-resin,  brought  from 
the  Levant  and  India,  and  supposed  to  be  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  Amyris,  little  known. 
It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep  brown  colour,  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  taste,  and  sweet  odour.  It  was 
much  vaunted  by  the  ancients,  but  is  now  little 
employed.  Two  different  gum-resins  have  been 
in  the  shops  distinguished  by  the  names  Indian 
and  African  bdellium.  Dr.  Royle  was  informed 
that  the  former  was  obtained  from  Am'yrie  Com- 
miph'ora,  growing  in  India  and  Madagascar. 
The  latter  is  said  to  be  from  Heudelo'tia  Afri- 
ca'na,  which  grows  in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,  from  06t\\a,  'a  leech/  and 
ptrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument,  proposed  as 
a  substitute  for  the  leech ;  inasmuch  as  we  can 
tell  the  quantity  of  blood  obtained  by  it,  whilst 
we  cannot  by  the  leech.  It  consists  of  a  oupping- 
glo*s,  to  which  a  scarificator  and  exhausting 
syringe  are  attached. 

BDELLUS,  Fart, 

BDELYGMIA,  Fart. 

BDELYGMUS,  Fart 

BDESMA,  Flatulence. 

BDOLUS,  Fart 

BEAD  TREE,  Melia  Asedarach. 

BEAN,  CARTHAGENA,  Habilla  de  Cartha- 
gena  —  b.  Egyptian,  Nymphesa  nelumbo  — b. 
French,  Phaseolns  vulgaris  —  b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vicia  faba — b.  Indian,  Catalpa— b.  Kidney, 
Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  to* 
mentosa — b.  Pontio,  Nymphsea  nelumbo  —  b. 
Red,  Abrus  preeatorius  —  b.  Sacred,  Nelumbium 
luteum  —  b.  St  Ignatius's,  Ignatia  amara— b. 
Trefoil  tree,  see  Cytisine. 

BEAN  TREE,  WHITE,  Crataegus  aria. 

BEARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BEARD,  Barba,  Pogon,  Genei'on,  Barbi'tium, 
(F.)  Barbe.  The  hair  which  covers  a  part  of  the 
cheeks,  the  lips,  and  chin  of  the  male  sex,  at  the 
age  of  puberty. 

BEAR'S  BREECH,  Acanthus  mollis— b.  Foot, 
Hellebores  ftetidus— b.  Fright,  Heptallon  gra- 
veolens — b.  Whortleberry,  Arbutus  uva  ursi 

BEARWEED,  Veratrum  viride. 

BEASTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEATING  OF  THE  HEART,  see  Heart 

BEAUGENCY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beaugency  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Orleans. 
The  waters  contain  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron, 
magnesia,  and  lime.  They  are  tonic  and  ape- 
rient 

BEAUMONT  ROOT,  Gillenia  trifollata. 

BEAUVAIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  chalybeate,  Beauvais  is  in 
Picardie,  France. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber  — b.  Wood,  Magnolia 
glauca — b.  Tree,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

BEBEERIA,  see  Bebeern. 

BEBEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERU,  Sipeeri.  A  tree  of  British  Gui- 
ana, which  yields  two  alkalies— Bebeerin,  Bebe*» 
ri'na,  Bebee'ria,  and  Sipeerine  ;  and  in  its  pro* 
perties  resembles  the  Cinchona.  It  has  been  re- 
ferred to  Nectan'dra  Rodiei.  The  timber  of  the 
tree  is  known  to  ship-builders  by  the  name  grim 


BEC 


130 


BELLESME 


heart.  The  Sulphate  of  Bebeeria  has  been  em- 
ployed in  intermittent*.  Warburg's  Fever  Drops, 
Tinetu'ra  antifebri'lie  Warbur'gi,  an  empirical 
antiperiodio  preparation,  have  by  some  been  con- 
sidered to  be  a  tincture  of  the  seeds  of  the  Be- 
beeru,  bat  this  is  questionable. 

BEC,  (F.)  Rostrum,  Beak.  This  name  has 
been  applied  to  various  parts. 

BEC  CORACOJDIEN,  (F.)  Cor'acoid  beak, 
is  the  end  of  the  coraooid  process. 

BEC  BE  C  CILLER,  Ham'ulus.  An  instru- 
ment used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  consists 
of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  8  inches  long,  having  at  one 
extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the  ball  is 
received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See  Cochleari- 
formis. 

BEC  BE  QRXJE  MUSQTJ&,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — 6.  de  Onte  Robertin,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anum — b.  de  Li&vre,  Harelip. 

BEC  BE  LA  PLUME  1  iCRIRE,  (F.) 
Beak  of  the  Calamus  Scripto'rius,  is  a  small  cavity 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
which  forms  part  of  the  4th  ventricle. 

BEC  (Le,)  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bee 
is  six  leagues  from  Rouen,  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BECCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

BECH&STHE'SIS,  from  Pn{,  'cough,'  and 
aiv0/j<ri(,  'sensation.1  The  excitement  or  desire 
to  cough. 

BECIIIA,  Tussis. 

BECIIIAS,  Tussis. 

BE' CHICS,  Be'chiea,  Becha,  Bec'chica,  Be1- 
ehita,  from  My  'cough,'  (F.)  Btchiqucs.  Medi- 
cines adapted  for  allaying  cough. 

BECHITA,  Bechic. 

BECHIUM,  Tussilago. 

BECHORTHOPNCEA,  Pertussis.      ' 

BECUIBA,  Ibicuiba. 

BED'EGAR,  Bedcguar,  Bedeguard,  Spon'gia 
Cynoe'bati,  Fungus  Roea'rum,  F.  Cunoe'bati,  (F.) 
Pomme  mousseuse,  JSponge  tPeglantier.  An  ex- 
crescence, which  makes  its  appearance  on  dif- 
ferent species  of  wild  roses,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  puncture  of  a  small  insect, —  Cy- 
nipe  Rosa.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a 
litnontriptic  and  vermifuge,  but  is  not  now  used. 
It  was  slightly  astringent 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bed- 
ford  is  a  village,  situate  on  the  great  Western 
Turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  a 
few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  There  are  various  springs, 
•aline,  chalybeate  and  sulphureous. — The  most 
celebrated  contains  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

BEDSTRAW,  Galium  verum— b.  Ladies, 
greater,  Galium  mollugo,  Galium  verum  —  b. 
Rough,  Galium  asprellum  —  b.  Ladies,  rough, 
Galium  asprellum. 

BEE,  Sax.  beo.  Apis,  A.  meUifiea  sen  domest'iea, 
Melte'ea,  Melitta,  (F.)  Abeille.  This  insect  was 
formerly  exhibited,  when  dried  and  powdered,  as 
a  diuretic 

Bbb  nr  thb  BovnT,  see  Insanity. 

BEEBREAD,  Propolis. 

BEECH,  Fagus  sylvatle*— b.  Drop,  Orobanche 
Virginiana — b.  Drops,  false,  Hypopitys  lanugi- 
nosa— b.  Albany,  Pterospors.  Andromedea — b. 
Mast,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

BEEF  ESSENCE,  see  Beef  tea, 

Bkbf  Ti*,  Jus  bovi'num.  An  infusion  of  beef, 
much  tued  in  debilitating  maladies,  sad  in  con- 
valescence. It  may  be  made  as  follows :  Take 
two  pounds  and  a  half  of  lean  beef;  cat  it  in 
small  pieces  into  three  parts  of  water  man  earthen 
pipkin :  tot  this  simmer,  bat  never  boil,  until  the 


liquor  is  consumed  to  a  pint  and  a  half:  then 
strain  carefully.  It  ought  to  be  entirely  free 
from  fat  or  grease. — Dr.  E.  J.  Seymour. 

Essence  of  beef—Ba  it  has  been  called — may  be 
made  by  putting  a  pound  of  good  beef,  freed  from 
fat,  and  cut  into  small  pieces,  into  a  porter-bottle, 
corking  lightly.  The  bottle  must  be  put  into 
boiling  water,  and  kept  there  until  the  water  has 
been  boiling  at  least  half  an  hour.  As  the  boiling 
goes  on,  the  cork  may  be  inserted  a  little  more 
tightly,  to  retain  the  contents  of  the  bottle.  The 
juices  of  the  beef  are  thus  separated,  and  consti- 
tute the  '  essence,'  which  may  be  seasoned  to  the 
taste.    It  contains  much  nutriment 

BEEN,  Centaurea  behen. 

BEER,  Cerevisia— b.  Black,  see  Falltranck— 
b.  Pipsissewa,  see  Pyrola  umbellata. 

BEET,  Beta. 

BEGAIEMENT,  Balbuties. 

BEG  MA, — according  to  some,  Bregma, — from 
Pvceuv  or  pprjentPf  'to  expectorate  after  cough- 
ing.' Coughing;  also,  the  sputum  or  expectorated 
matter. — Hippocrates. 

BEGO'NIA.  The  Begonia  grandifto'ra  and 
B.  tomento'sa  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  in  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy,  low 
fevers,  Ac. 

BEGUE,  Balbus. 

BEHEN  ABIAB,  Centaurea  behen  —  o.  Al- 
bum, Centaurea  behen  —  b.  Officinarum,  Cucu- 
balus  behen  —  6.  Rouge,  Statice  limonium  —  6. 
Vulgaris,  Cucubalus  behen. 

BEHMEN  ACKMAR,  Statice  limonium. 

BEIAHALALEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BEIDELSAR,  Asclepias  procera. 

BEJUIO,  Habilla  de  Carthagena. 

BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE.  A  tonic  and 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit- 
Thouars  and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi- 
tuted forthe  Simarouba. 

BELADAMBOC.  A  species  of  convolvulus  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  which  contains  an  acrid  milky 
juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed  with  oil 
and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the  bites  of 
rabid  animals. 

BE-LAHE,  Bela-aye. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  Sc<rr<,!«  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  the  leaves  of  which  are  con- 
sidered diuretic  and  emmenagogue. 

BEL  ANDRE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  carried 
to  hospitals. 

BELCHING,  Eructation. 

BELEMNOID,  Belenoid. 

BELEMNOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  pro* 
cesses. 

BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID 
or  BEL'OID,  BelenoVdee  or  Belemndi'des  Pro- 
census,  from  0cXof,  'an  arrow,'  and  ttios,  'shape.9 
This  name  has  been  given  to -styloid  processes 
in  general — Processus  belenol'dee. 

B^LESME,  see  Bellesme. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Musssonda  frondosa. 

BELILLA,  Musssonda  frondosa. 

BELINUM,  Apium  Graveolens. 

BELI  OCULUS,  Belloculus. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  trache- 
Hum. 

BELLADONE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  the  officinal  name  of  the  leaves 
of  Atropa  Belladonna. 

Billadohita.Baccifziu,  Atropa  belladonna— 
b.  Trichotoma,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLE  DAME,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU,  Myrobalanus. 

BELLEREGI,  Myrobalanus. 

BELLESME,    MINERAL  WATERS  09. 


BELLET 


131 


BENZOIN 


BtQesme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montague 
in  France.    The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The 
waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  aperients. 

BELLIDOIDES,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

BELLIS,  Bellu*  ('pretty/)  B.  peren'ni*  sen 
minor  sen  horten'sis,  Sym'phytum  min'imum, 
Bruisewort,  Common  Daily,  (F.)  Paquerette  vi- 
vace, petite  Marguerite.  The  leaves  and  flowers 
are  rather  acrid.  They  were,  at  one  time,  con- 
sidered to  cure  different  species  of  wounds.  See 
Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Bkllis  Hortbnsis,  Bellis — b.  Major,  Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum  —  b.  Minor,  Bellis  —  b. 
Perennis,  Bellis  —  b.  Pratensis,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

BELL  METAL,  Cal'cocoe,  (F.)  Airain,  Mttal 
dee  cloche*.  An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  a 
small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for  making 
bells.  The  mortars  of  tho  apothecary  are  often 
formed  of  this  material.  They  require  to  be  kept 
clean,  to  avoid  the  formation  of  verdigris. 

BELLOC'ULUS,  Beli  Oc'ulu*.  A  kind  of  gem, 
which  the  Assyrians  considered  efficacious  in  the 
cure  of  many  diseases.  They  imagined  that  the 
figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen  in  it,  and  hence  its 
name,  Bel's  Eye. 

BELLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOTAS,  see  Ilex  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bruit  de  *ovfflet—h.B.Kn- 
cephalic,  see  Bruit  de  soujflet. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Funic,  a  single  murmur  of 
the  bellows  kind,  synchronous  with  the  first 
sound  of  the  heart;  heard  by  some  observers, 
and  referred  by  them  to  diminished  calibre  of  the 
umbilical  arteries,  either  by  pressure  or  stretching 
of  the  funis,  or  both. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Placental,  Bruit  placen- 
tal™. 

BELLWORT,  SMALLER,  Uvularia  perfoliate. 

BELLY,  Venter;  from  Ir.  bolg,  'the  belly,  a 
bag  or  pouch.'  At  the  present  day,  the  abdomen. 
Formerly,  all  the  splanehnio  cavities  were  called 
bellies;  —  the  lower  bHly,  venter  in'/lmue,  being 
the  abdomen ;  the  middle  belly,  venter  me'diu*, 
the  thorax ;  and  the  upper  belly,  venter  supre'mus, 
the  head.     Also,  the  womb.     See  Venter. 

BELLY-ACH,  Colica  —  b.  Dry,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— b.  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELLY-BAND,  Belt,  Russian. 

BELLY,  POT,  Physconia. 

BELMUSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmosohua, 

BELNILEO,  Myrobalanua, 

BELOID,  Belenoid. 

BELOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  processes. 

BELONE,  Needle. 

BELONODES,  Styloid. 

BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Belloeulus. 

BELT,  RUSSIAN,  Ventra'U,— vulgarly,  Belly- 
hand, — Abdominal  supporter.  A  broad  bandage 
applied  to  the  abdomen,  so  as  to  support,  and 
make  methodical  pressure  upon  it  Different 
forms  have  been  termed  obstetric  binders,  utero- 
abdominal  supporters,  Ac 

BELUL'CUM,  from  fltXoc,  'a  dart,'  and  'cXra, 
'  I  draw  out'  An  instrument  used  for  extracting 
darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments  of  this  kind 
have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. — Ambrose  Pare, 
Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente, 

BELZOE,  Benjamin. 

BELZOIM,  Benjamin. 

BELZOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BEN,  Guilandina  moringa — b.  of  Judssa,  Ben- 
Uunin — b.  Nut,  Guilandina  moringa. 

BENATH,  Pustule. 

BBNEDICTA  SYLVESTRIS,  Geum  rivale. 


BENEDICTUM    LAXAT1YUM,     Confectio 

sennas. 

BiNiFICE  BE  LA  NATURE,  Benefiolom 
naturae — 6.  de  Ventre,  see  Beneflcium  natnrse. 

BENEFIC'IUM  NATU'R^B,  (F.)  Binifice  de 
la  nature.  This  term  is  used  by  the  French  pa- 
thologists, for  oases,  in  which  diseases  have  got 
well  without  medical  treatment  With  them, 
Binffice  de  nature,  or  B.  de  ventre,  is  synonymous 
also  with  AlviProflu'trium; — a  spontaneous  diar- 
rhoea, often  acting  favourably  either  in  the  pre- 
vention or  cure  of  disease. 

BENEL,  Croton  racemosum. 

BENEOLENS,  from  bene,  'well/  and  olert,  'to 
smell.'  Euo'des,  Suaveolen*.  A  sweet-scented 
medicine,  as  gums,  Ac 

BENG,  Bangue. 

BENOALE  INDORUM,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI,  Hyoscyamus. 

BENIGN',  Benig'nu*,  Eueth'ee,  (F.)  Benin, 
Binigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  so 
called :  as  well  as  medicines  whose  action  is  not 
violent,  as  a  Benign  Fever,  Febrie  benig'na  im- 
pu'trisy  Ac. 

B&XIN,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN,  Ben'zoin,  Bento'inum  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Benzo'inum  verum,  Bento'inum,  Assa  odora'ta, 
Benjui,  Benjuin,  Assa  dulcis,  Beu'jaoy,  Benjo'- 
inum,  Belzoi,  Belzoim,  Bcn'zoi,  Sty'ruci*  Benzo'- 
ini  Bal'samum,  Liquor  Cyreni'acus,  Croton  Ben- 
Moi,  Ben  of  Judaea,  Acor  Bento'inus,  Sal  Ac"idum 
sen  essentia' le  seu  volatile"  Bemoes,  (F.)  Benjoin, 
Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  donx.  A  resinous,  dry, 
brittle  substance,  obtained  from  Sty  rax  Benzoin, 
Arbor  Benivi,  Laurue  Benzoin,  of  Sumatra.  The 
odour  is  extremely  fragrant  and  taste  slightly 
aromatic.  It  is  principally  used  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  acid  which  it  contains.  It  is  also 
employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures,  and  as  an 
expectorant  Benzoic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Benzo'icum, 
is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation.  The  purest 
Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masse* :  hence  called 
(F.)  Benjoin  amgydalolde. 

Ben'jamin,  Flowers  of,  Ben' zoic  Acid,  Ac"- 
idum  BenMo'ieum,  Flore*  Benxois,  Flore*  Benzo'- 
ini,  Ac" idum  Benzo'icum  per  sublimatio'nem,  (F.) 
Acide  Bentoique.  This  acid  exists  in  all  the 
balsams,  but  chiefly  in  Benzoin,  from  which  it  is 
obtained  by  sublimation.  It  is  in  vanilla,  canella, 
the  urine  of  infante,  and  of  herbivorous  animals. 
Its  odour  is  aromatic  and  fragrant;  taste  hot, 
slightly  acidulous,  and  agreeable.  The  crystals 
consist  of  white,  satiny  flakes,  slightly  ductile. 
It  is  probably  stimulant;  and  has  been  used,  as 
such,  in  chronic  catarrh ;  but  it  has  little  efficacy. 

BENJAOY,  Benjamin. 

BENJOIN UM,  Benjamin. 

BENJUI.  Benjamin. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alexl- 
pharmic  decoction  is  made  of  its-  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  'is  much  praised  in  cases  of  ma- 
lignant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus 
aromatieu*  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  in 
bites  of  poisonous  serpents. 

BENNE,  Se8amum  orientalc 

BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum,  and  G. 
Virginianum. 

BENOtTE,  Geum  urbanum  —  b.  Aquatique, 
Geum  rivale  —  b.  de*  Ruisseaux,  Geum  rivale  — 
6.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum 

BENZIN,  see  Anaesthetic. 

BENZOATE  OF  AMMONIA,  Ammonia  ben- 
zoas. 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

BENZOENIL,  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin— b.  Odoriferuxn  Laurmj 
Benzoin. 


BERBERINE 


132 


BEZOAR 


BERBERINE,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BERBERIS,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Canaden- 
118,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BERCE,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

BERENDAROS,  Ocymum  basilicum. 

BERENICE,  Saccinum. 

BERENICIUM,  Potasses  nitras. 

BERENISECUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BERGAMOTE,  Bergamot'ta,  (F.)  Bergamotte. 
A  small  orange,  of  a  yery  agreeble  taste,*  and 
peculiar  odour.  From  its  bark  an  oil,  Oleum 
Berga'mii,  (Ph.  U.S.)  is  obtained,  which  is  much 
employed  as  a  perfume,  and  sometimes  in  medi- 
cine. 

BER'IBERI,  Beribe'ria,  Syn' clonus  Beribe'- 
ria, Indosyn' clonus,  Paral'ysis  Ber'iberi,  from 
beri  in  the  Singhalese  language,  which  signifies 
'  weakness ;'  therefore,  beriber  j, '  great  weakness.' 
This  word  is  also  said  to  be  Ilindusthanee,  and 
to  mean  a  sheep.  —  Bontius.  Beriberi  is  an  In- 
dian disease,  little  known  in  Europe.  It  con- 
sists in  debility  aud  tremors  of  the  limbs, — some- 
times, indeed,  of  the  whole  body;  with  painful 
numbness  of  the  affected  parts,  Ac. : — the  patient 
walking  doubled ;  and  imitating  the  movements 
of  sheep !  Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheu- 
matic ,*  others,  paralytic ;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of 
chorea.  It  is,  almost  always,  incurable;  is 
rarely  fatal;  and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimu- 
lant friction,  sudorifics,  Ac.  It  is  sometimes 
called  Bar'biers,  but  this  would  seem  to  be  a 
different  disease. 

BERICOCCE,  Prunus  armeniaca. 

BERLE  XODIFLORE,  Slum. 

BERLUE,  Mctamorphopsia. 

BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE  OF.  Pulmonary 
invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  principal  objection  to  a  winter  residence 
there,  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds ;  espe- 
cially of  the  dry,  sharp,  and  cold  north-west 
winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.  Still,  it 
affords  a  good  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States,  provided  due 
care  be  selected  in  choosing  a  suitable  locality. 
The  neighbourhood  of  Hamilton  has  been  strongly 
recommended  with  this  view. 

BERNARD  T1IE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 

BERRIES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coo- 
cuius — b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cubeba. 

BERS.    A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  of  pep- 

Ser,  seed  of  the  white  hyoscyamus,  opium,  euphor- 
ium,  saffron,  Ac.  The  Egyptians  used  it  as  an 
excitant — Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bern  is 
in  Champagne,  France.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BERULA,  Sium  nodiflorum — b.  Angustifoiia, 
Sium  nodiflorum. 

BESASA,  Ruta. 

BESICLES,  Spectacles. 

BESOIN,  Want— 6.  de  Respirer,  see  Want— 
b.  de  la  Vie,  Necessary  of  life.  . 

BESSANEM.  A  word  used  by  Avicenna,  for 
redness  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,  produced  by 
the  action  of  cold. 

BESSON,         \a     a       „ 

BESSONNE,  J  Bee  Gemeltai. 

BETA.  The  Beet,  Simula,  (F.)  Bette,  Bette- 
fatM.  Family,  Chenopodess.  Sex.  JSyet.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  A  genus  of  plants,  of  which  the 
following  are  the  chief  varieties. 

Beta  Ht'brida,  jRoof  of  Scarcity.  Root  red, 
outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive,*  yields 
•agar. 

Beta  Vuxqa'ris  Alba,  White  Beet.  The  root 
yields  sugar,  and  the  leaves  are  eaten  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  spinach. 


Beta  Vulga'eis  Rubra,  Red  Beet.  Root  reo) 
and  nutritive ;  yields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar. 

BETEL,  Piper  Betel.  A  species  of  pepper,  cuL 
tivated  in  several  parts  of  India.  The  East  In- 
dians  are  in  the  habit  of  ohewing  the  leaves  with 
lime  and  areca;  and  they  give  the  name  Betel  to 
this  preparation.  It  is  used  in  all  the  equatorial 
countries  of  Asia.  Betel  is  said  to  be  tonic  and 
astringent  It  is  also  called  Bette,  Bltre,  Bale. 
See  Areca. 

BETHROOT,  Trillium  latifolium— b.  Broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 

B&TISE,  Dementia. 

BETOINE,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  dee  Mon- 
tagues, Arnioa  Montana — b.  dee  Savoyards,  Ar- 
nica m  on  tana. 

B&TON,  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Sorophularia  aqua- 
tica. 

Beton'ica  Officina'lis,  Cestron,  Beton'ica 
purpu'rea,  Veton'iea  Cordi,  Ac,  Bet'ony,  Wood 
Betony,  Psychot'rophum,  Veroni'ca  purpu'rea, 
(F.)  Bitoine.  Family,  Labiates.  Sex.  Syst.  Di- 
dynamia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed  the 
flowers  and  leaves,  in  decoction,  in  gout,  sciatica, 
cephalalgia,  Ac.  It  was  so  called,  according  to 
Pliny,  from  being  in  great  repute  among  the  Vet- 
tones,  or  Bettones,  an  ancient  people  of  Spain. 
Antonius  Musa  is  said  to  have  written  a  volume 
in  praise  of  it;  recommending  it  in  no  less  than 
47  different  diseases.  It  has,  however,  little  or 
no  virtue.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  aperient, 
and  the  root  emetic 

Betonica  Pauli,  Veronica. 

BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  Paul's,  Ly- 
copus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus  —  b.  Water, 
Scrophularia  aquatioa — b.  Wood,  Betonica  offici- 


BiTRE,  Betel. 

BETTE,  Beta. 

BETTERAVE,"BetA. 

BET'ULA  ALBA.  The  Birch,  (F.)  BouUcm 
commun.  The  young  leaves  are  slightly  odorous, 
astringent,  and  bitter.  They  are  applied  to 
wounds  aud  ulcers.  They  have  been  regarded 
as  antiscorbutic  and  anthelmintic  The  tree  fur- 
nishes a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  considered 
antisoorbutio  and  diuretic. 

Betula  Emarohcata,  Alnus  glutinosa— b.  Glu- 
tinosa, Alnus  glutinosa. 

Betula  Lekta,  Sweet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  Mountain  Mahogany,  is  an  Ameri- 
can species,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  made  of  them,  and  used 
as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic  The  volatile  oil 
is  nearly  if  not  wholly  identical  with  that  of 
Gaultheria. 

B  EUR  RE,  Butter—  b.  de  Bambouc,  Butter  of 
bambouc — 6.  de  Cacao,  Butter  of  cacao — 6.  d* 
Coco,  Butter  of  cocoa— 6.  Ytgiude,  Persea  gatis  • 


BEUVRIGNY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Bayeux  in  Nor- 
mandy.   The  water  is  chalybeate. 

BBVUE,  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis— b.  Convulsive,  Pertussis— b.  Ha- 
mida,  Expectoration — b.  Theriodes,  Pertussis. 

BEXIS,  Tussis. 

BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe  from 
Peru.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of  a 
Hippooratea. 

BEZ'OAR,  BeJaar,  BeJehard,  Pa'uakar,  from 
Persian  Pa,  'against,'  and  tahar,  poison.  Lapis 
Bewoar'dicue,  Ca I' cuius  Ben' oar,  Enterol'ithue  Be- 


bjSzoasd 


in 


BICHOS 


zoar'dus,  Bezoard.  A  calculous  concretion,  found 
in  the  stomach,  intestines,  and  bladder  of  ani- 
mals. Wonderful  virtues  wore  formerly  attri- 
buted to  these  Bezoars.  There  were  two  great 
varieties :  the  Bez'oar  orienta'le,  An'imal  Bezoar' - 
ticum  orienta'le,  formed  in  the  fourth  stomach  of 
the  gazelle  of  India  (Gazel'la  In'jLiea,  or  rather 
Antil'opi  eervica'pra ;)  and  the  Bez'oar  occiden- 
ta'li,  Animal  Bezoar'ticum  occidenta'le,  found  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  the  wild  goat  or  chamois 
of  Peru.  These  substances  were  esteemed  to  be 
powerful  alexipharmics ;  but  the  former  was  the 
more  valued.  It  was  believed  that  no  poison, 
and  no  eruptive,  pestilential,  or  putrid  disease, 
could  resist  its  influence.  As  so  many  virtues 
were  ascribed  to  it,  other  animal  concretions  were 
substituted  for  it ;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were 
made  of  crabs'  eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed 
with  musk,  ambergris,  Ac 

Bez'oar  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Blzoard  de  Bosuf,  Be- 
zoard of  the  beef.  A  concretion  formed  in  the 
fourth  stomach  of  beeves ;  also,  a  biliary  calcu- 
lus found  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Bez'oar  of  the  Deer,  B.  of  the  Lach'rymal 
Fossa  of  the  Beer,  Beer's  Tear:  A  moist,  highly 
odorous,  fatty  matter,  found  below  the  anterior 
eanthua  of  the  orbit  of  the  red  deer — Cervus  el'e- 
pha*.  It  has  been  used,  like  castor,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic, in  the  dose  of  from  5  to  15  grains,  two 
or  three  times  a  day*. 

Bezoar  Equinum,  Bezoard  of  the  horse — b. 
Hystricis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine. 

Bez'oard  of  Cayman.  This  waa  once  much 
prized.    It  is  now  unknown. 

BEZOARD  VALLEMAQNE,  ^gagropila. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Chamois,  and  B.  of  the 
Horse,  Bezoar  equi'num,  Hippol'ithus,  Ac,  exhi- 
bit their  origin  in  the  name. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Indian  Por'ctjpine.  Bez'oar 
ffys'tricis,  Lapis  Porci'nus,  Lapis  Malucen'cis, 
Petro  del  Porco,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Pore-Epic,  was 
formerly  the  dearest  of  all  the  Bezoards,  and  was 
sold  at  an  enormous  price  in  Spain  and  Portugal. 

Bez'oard  Mineral,  Antimonium  diaphoreti- 
%    eum — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappite. 

BEZOAR'DIO,  Bezoar* dicus,  (F.)  Bezoar digue; 
concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardie  medicines  are 
those  supposed  to  possess  the  same  properties 
with  the  bezoard ;  as  antidotes,  alexiteria,  alexi- 
pharmics, cordials. 

BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dontenia  contra- 
yerva. 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'NL  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  protoxide  of  lead, 
butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Hcma'num.  Urinary  calculi 
were  formerly  employed  under  this  name  as 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Bezoar'dicum  Jovia'lB.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of  an- 
timony, tin,  mercury,  and  nitrio  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Luna'rS.  A  medicine  formerly 
regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions, 
megrim,  Ac  It  was  prepared  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
rer,  and  butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Martia'lb.  A  tonic  medicine, 
used  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.  It  was  pre- 
pared from  the  tritoxido  of  iron  and  butter  of  an- 
timony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Mercuria'lE.  A  medicine, 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitic,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Minera'lH;  the  deutoxide  of 
antimony ;  so  called  because  its  properties  were 
supposed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bezoar'dicum  Sola'rS.    A  diaphoretic  medi- 


cine, prepared  of  gold  filings,  nitric  add,  tad 
butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Ven'eris.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  lepra,  diseases 
of  the  brain,  Ac  ;  which  was  made  from  filings 
of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and  nitrio  acid. 

BHANG,  Bangue. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signifi- 
cation as  Di. 

BIAIOTHANATI,  BiothanatL 

BIBITORIUS,  Rectus  internus  ocnli. 

BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  from  fafiXst, 
.  a  book,1  and  ypafa,  *  I  describe/  Skill  in  the 
knowledge  of  medical  books.  The  most  distio- 
guisded  medical  biographers  have  been:  J.  A. 
Van  der  Linden,  Amstelod.  1662,  octavo,  (L.) 
M.  Lipenius,  Francf.  ad  Mom  1679,  fol.  (L.) 
G.  A.  Mercklein,  Norimb.  1686,  (L.)  J.  J. 
Manoet,  Genev.  1695  to  1731,  (L.)  Tarin  (ana- 
tomical,) Paris,  1763,  (F.)  A.  yon  Haller, 
Zurich,  1774,  Ac.  (L.)  Vigiliib  von  Creut- 
zenpeld  (surgical,)  Vindob.  1781,  (L.)  C.  G. 
Ki'hn,  Lips.  1794,  (L.)  C.  L.  Schweickard 
(an at,,  phys.,  and  legal  medicine,)  Stuttgard, 
1796  to  1800,  (L.)  G.  G.  Ploucquet,  Tubing. 
1808  to  1814,  (L.)  C.  F.  Burdach,  Gotha,  1810 
to  1821,  (G.)  J.  S.  Ersch,  (since  1750.)  Leipz. 
1822,  (G.)  Th.  Ch.  Fr.  Enblin,  (of  Germany, 
since  1750,)  Berlin,  1826,  (G.)  J.  B.  Moxtfal- 
con,  Paris,  1827,  (F.)  J.  Forbes,  M.  D.,  F.  R. 
S.,  London,  1835.  A.  0.  P.  Callisen,  Copen- 
hagen, 1845,  (G.)  E.  Morwftz,  Leipzig,  1849, 
(O.) 

BICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

BICAUDA'TUS,  Cauda' tut,  '  double-tailed.' 
A  monster  having  two  tails. 

BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicepha'lium.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  ztQaXn,  '  head.'  Sauvages  ap- 
plies this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on  the 
head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BICEPHALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  bis,  'twice/  and  caput,  'head.' 
That  which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has  been 
particularly  given  to  two  muscles ;  one  belonging 
to  the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'nus  Mus'culvs.  The  long  por- 
tion of  the  Triceps  Brachia'lis, — Douglas. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cruris,  Biceps  Cruris,  Biceps, 
(F.)  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  Fern' oris,  Is'chio-fem'- 
oro-p(ronier — (Ch.)  A  muscle  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh ;  one  head  arising  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium,  and  the  other  from  a 
great  part  of  the  linea  appera.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves  to  bend  the  leg 
on  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cu'biti,  Biceps  Bra'chii,  Cor*- 
aco-radia'lis,  Biceps,  Biceps  mantis,  Biceps  in- 
ter'nus,  Biceps  inter1 'nus  hu'meri,  (F.)  Scapulo-ra- 
dial,  (Ch.) — Biceps  Brachial.  A  muscle,  situate 
at  the  anterior  and  internal  part  of  the  arm ;  ex- 
tending from  the  edge  of  the  glenoid  cavity  and 
from  the  top  of  the  ooracoid  process  to  the  tube- 
rosity of  the  radius.  It  bends  the  fore-arm  npon 
the  arm. 

BICHE  DE  MER,  Sea  Slug.  A  molluscous 
animal,  belonging  to  the  genus  Holothuria,  which 
is  caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group, 
New  Guinea,  Ac,  and  when  prepared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  rich  soups. 

BICHET,  Terra  Orleana. 

BICHICH'IAL  Pectoral  medicines,  composed 
of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  almonds,  Ac. — 
Rhazes. 

BICHIOS,  Dracunculus. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus— b.  di  Cnlo,  Proctocaee. 

BICHOS.    A  Portuguese  name  fcr  the  worms 


BICIPITAL 


134 


BYOLYCHNIOW 


that  penetrates  the  toes  of  people  in  the  Indies ; 
and  which  are  destroyed  by  the  oil  of  the  cashew 
nut 

BICIPITAL,  from  bicej>*(his  and  caput)  'two- 
headed/     Relating  to  the  biceps. 

Bicipital  Groove,  (F.)  Coulisse  on  Qouttilre 
bicipitale,  Coulisse  humirale,  (Ch.,)  is  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  situate  between  the  tuberosities  of 
the  os  humeri,  which  lodges  the  long  head  of  tho 
biceps. 

Bicfp'ital  Tu'bercle,  bicipital  tuberos'ity, 
(F.)  Tubirositf  hicipitale; — a  prominence  near 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
tendon  of  the  biceps  is  attached. 
BICORNE  RUDE,  Ditrachyceros. 
BICUS'PID,  Bicuspid^' tns,  from  bis,  'twice,' 
and  empis,  'a  spear.'  That  which  has  two  points 
or  tubercles. 

Bicus'pid    Teeth,   Denies  Bicuspida'ti,    (F.) 
Dent*  bicuspid*?*,  the  small  mo  lares.    See  Molar. 
BIDENS  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
BIDET,  (F.)  Bidet;  pronounced  beedny.     A 
small  horse  formerly  allowed  to  each  trooper  for 
carrying  his  baggage.     Hence,  perhaps,  applied 
to  a  chamber  bathing  apparatus,  which  has  to  be 
bestridden.     It  is  a  useful  arrangement,  in  case 
of  hemorrhoids,  prolapsus  ani,  affections  of  the 
sexual  organs,  Ac. 
BIECHO,  Bische. 
Br£RE,  Cerevisia. 
BIESTINGS,  Colustrum. 
BIFEMORO-CALCANIEN,  Gastrocnemii. 
BIFURCATION,  Bifurca'tio,  from  bit,  'twice/ 
and  furca,  'a  fork/     Division  of  a  trunk  into 
two  branches ;  as  the  bifurcation  of  ike  trachea, 
aorta,  Ac. 

BIG  ASTER,  Digastricus. 
BIG  BLOOM,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGEMINAL  BODIES,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
cula. 

BIGQAR.    A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for  the  intensity  and  danger  of  the  cerebral  symp- 
toms.— Twining. 
BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGLES,  see  Strabismus. 
BIGNONIA   CATALPA,  Catalpa— b.  Radi- 
cans,  Teeoma  radicans. 

Bigno'nia  In'dica.  The  leaves  are  employed 
In  India,  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 
BIJON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
BILAZAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bila- 
say  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Thouar, 
department  of  Deux  Sevres,  near  which  is  a  ther- 
mal sulphureous  spring.  Temperature  about  77° 
Fahrenheit. 

BILBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtfflus  —  b.  Red, 
Yaccinium  vitis  idaa. 

BILE,  Bilis,  Fel,  Chol'os,  Cholt,  Choler,  (F.) 
Bile,  Fiel.  A  yellow,  greenish,  viscid,  bitter, 
nauseous  fluid,  secreted  by  the  liver.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  hepatic  and  cystic  ;  according  as 
it  flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
liver  or  from  the  gall-bladder.  It  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Muratori,  water;  a  peculiar  fatty 
matter;  colouring  matter,  (ChoUpyr'rhin  or  Bili- 
phm'in;)  oholesterin,  combined  with  soda;  picro- 
mel  or  bilin;  extract  of  flesh,  mucus;  soda,  phos- 
phate of  soda;  phosphate  of  lime,  and  chloride 
of  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  is  to  remove  from  the  body 
superfluous  hydro-carbon ;  and  it  is  probably  in 
norvient  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

Bilb,  Furunculus — b.  Black.  Atrabilis  —  ft.  de 
lam/,  see  Bile  —  b.  Repnndue,  Icterus. 

Bile  of  the  Bear,  Gall  0/  the  Bear,  Fel  Ursi, 
was  thought  to  be  anti-cpileptio ;  and  that  of  the 
Eel,  Fel  anguil'la,  to  facilitate  labour.    • 
Bile  of  th*  Ox,  Gall  of  the  Ox,  Ox  Gall,  Fel 


Tauri,  Fel  Bovis,  F.  BovPnim,  (F.)  Bile  de  Bamf, 
was  once  reputed  cosmetic  and  detergent,  anti- 
otalgic  and  emmenagogue ;  as  well  as  to  possess 
the  power  of  facilitating  labour.  It  has  also  been 
given  as  a  bitter  stomachio  and  anthelmintic; 
and  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  in  cases  of  deficiency 
of  the  biliary  secretion. 

BIL'IARY,  Bilia'ris,  Bilia'rivs,  Fcl'leus. 
That  which  relates  to  bile. 

Bil'iart  Apparatus,  B.  organ*,  B.  passage*. 
The  collection  of  parts  that  concur  in  the  secre- 
tion and  excretion  of  bile :  —  viz.  the  liver,  pori 
biliari  or  tubuli  bilifori;  hepatic,  cystic,  and 
choledoch  ducts,  and  gall-bladder. 

Bil'iary  CoscnE'TioNS  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 

Biliary  Ducts,  Pori  biliarii. 

BIL1EUX,  Bilious. 

BIL1MBI,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIMJ3ING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIN,  Picromel. 

BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'sns,  ChoVicus,  Chol'iue,  FeU 
lin'eus,  Epich'oloe,  Picroch'olos,  Fel'leus.  (F.) 
Bilieux.  That  which  relates  to  bile,  contains 
bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An  epithet  given 
to  certain  constitutions  and  diseases,  which  are 
believed  to  be  the  effect  of  superabundance  of  the 
biliary  secretion:  as  Bilious  temperament,  B. 
symptoms,  B.  fever, 

BILIPH^SIN,  see  Bile. 

BILIS  FLUXIO,  Cholera  morbus. 

BILITICUS,  Cholagogne. 

BILIVERD'IN,  from  bilis,  'bile/  and  viridis, 
'  green/  On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocculi  takes  place,  which  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves.  This  is  the  biliverdin  of  Ber- 
zelius. 

BILOCULAR,  see  Unilocular. 

BILUMBI  BITING-BING,  Mains  Indies, 

BI'MANUS,  from  bis  and  manus,  'a  hand. 
One  that  has  two  hands.  A  term  applied  only 
to  man,  because  he  is  the  sole  mammiferous  ani- 
mal that  possesses  two  perfect  hands. 

BINDER,  Bandage. 

BINDERS,  OBSTETRIC,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

BINDWEED,  Polygonum  aviculare  — b.  Fid- 
dle-leaved, Convolvulus  panduratus  —  b.  Great, 
Convolvulus  sepium  —  b.  Lavender-leaved,  Con- 
volvulus Cantabrica — b.  Sea,  Convolvulus  solda- 
nella — b.  Virgiuian,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

BINKOHUMBA,  Phyllanthus  urinaria. 

BINOCULAR,  Binocula'ris:  same  etymon  as 
the  next  Relating  to  or  affecting  both  eyes — as 
'  binocular  vision' — vision  with  both  eyes ;  or  from 
impressions  made  upon  both  retinae,  which  are 
amalgamated  into  single  vision. 

BINOC'ULUS,  Bin'ocle,  DiophthaVmica  Fas', 
da,  Oc'ulis  duplex,  from  bis,  '  twice/  and  ocvlus, 
'an  eye/  (F.J  (Eil  double.  A  bandage  applied 
over  both  eyes.  It  was,  also,  formerly  called 
DiophthaVmus. 

BIN'SICA.    Disorder  of  the  mind.    Accord- 
ing to  Van  Helvoht,  an  atrophy  of  the  organ 
of  imagination. 
BIOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  vital. 
BIOD,  Vis  vitalis. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  Biodynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
ici,  Biosoph'ia,  from  fiiof,   'life/  and  dvvatitt, 
'  power/  '  force/    The  doctrine  of  the  vital  ac- 
tivity, or  forces. 
BIOGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIOLOGY,  Physiology. 
BIOLYCHNION,  Biolych'nium,  from  0i«, 
'life/  and  Avgrtoy,  '  a  lamp/    Innate  heat,  vital 
heat,    animal    heat     Lych'nium,   Lychmd'ium, 
Thermum  em'phytum,  Flamma  sen  Flam'mula 


BIOLYSIS 


186 


BI8TOURI 


vita'Ks  seu  cordis.    Alto,  »  secret  preparation  of 
which  Beg  cis  and  Burqravb  make  mention. 

BIOLYSIS,  see-Biolytic. 

BIOLYT'IC,  Biolyt'icHi;  from0«©t,  'life,'  and 
\vvis,  *  solution.'  Relating  to  the  destruction  of 
life.  A  '  biolytic  agent*  is  one  that  causes  bioVy- 
•is,  or  destruction  of  life. — Schults. 

BIOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animaL 

BIONOMY,  Physiology. 

BIOPH^BNOMENOLOGIA,  Physiology. 

BIOS,  0t of.  Life.  Also,  what  is  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOSOPHIA,  Biodynamies. 

BIOSTATICS,  Statistics,  medical 

BIOTE,  Life. 

BIOTHAN'ATI,  Biaiothan'ati,  from  0to* 
'life/  and  Savaros,  'death/  Those  who  die  of  a 
riolent  death  very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there  was 
no  space  between  life  and  death. 

BIOTIC,  Vital. 

BIOTICS,  Physiology. 

BIOTOMIA,  Vivisection. 

BIPARIETAL  SUTURE,  Sagittal  suture. 

BIPIN'NA,  from  bit,  'twice,'  and  pinna,  'a 
wing-feather.'  A  term  used  by  the  ancients  for  a 
diminutive  penis,  not  exceeding  in  sise  two  quills. 

BIR,  Thorax. 

BIRA,  Cerevisia. 

BIRCH,  Betula  alba— b.  Black,  Betula  lenta— 
b.  Cherry,  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula  lenta. 

BIRDS'  NEST,  Hypopitys  lanuginosa. 

BIRTH,  CROSS,  Presentation,  preternatural 
b.  Live,  see  Born  alive  —  b.  Plural,  see  Multi- 
parous. 

BIRTHWORT,  Aristolochia— b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

BISCHE,  Biecho.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BISCUIT,  Biscoc'tus,  bi;  'twice/  and  cocttu, 
'baked/  (F.)  bit  and  cuit,  'twice  baked/  A 
kind  of  dry,  hard  bread,  or  cake,  whioh  is  va- 
riously made ;  and,  when  without  eggs  or  butter, 
is  easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  IK-  ! 
pyri'tes,  and  IH'pyros.  I 

BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An  alimentary  prepara-  i 
Hon,  proposed  by  Mr.  G.  Borden,  Jr.,  of  Texas, 
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters  ex- 
tracted from  meat  by  boiling  with  flour,  so  as  to 
form  biscuits;  which  keep  well,  and  are  of  course 
nutritive. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

BISFERIENS.  Dicrotus. 

BISHOP'S  WEED,  AmmL 

BISLINGUA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

JISMALVA,  Althwa. 

BISMUTH,  Antimo'ninm  album,  Chalcitas, 
Luna  imperfecta,  Stannum  glacia'U  seu  cinereum, 
Bismu'thnm,  Wismu'thum.  Reg'ultu  of  Bismuth, 
Jfarcasi'ta,  Tin  glass,  (F.)  JEtain  grit,  J?,  de 
Glace.  A  metal,  in  spicnlar  plates,  of  a  yel- 
lowish-white colour;  s.  gr.  9.822  ;  fusible  at  400° 
Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture. It  is  used  only  in  the  preparation  of  the 
subnitrate. 

Bismuth,  Oxyd  or,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — 
b.  Regulus  of,  Bismuth. 

BisuuTn,  Sudni'trate  of,  Bismu'thi  subni'tras,^ 
Jfarcasi'ta  alba.  Plumbum  cine' re  nm,  Jfagistc'- 
rium  Marcati'ta  seu  Bismuthi,  Bismu'thnm  Nit'~ 
ricum,  B.  Subnit' ricum,  Nitras  Snbbiemu'thicum, 
Nitraa  Bismuthi,  Calx  Vismu'thi,  BUmu'thum 
oxydula'tum  album,  Oxyd  of  Bismuth,  Mug"istery 
of  Bismuth,  Pearl  White,  Spanish  White.  (F.) 
Bousnitrate  de  bismuth,  Oxide  blane  de  B.f  Blanc 
de  fard,  Blanc  de  ncrle.     (Bismuth,  in  frustulis, 

fj.  Acid  nitric,  fxty.  Aq,  destill,  q.  s.    Mix  a 
aid  ounce  of  distilled  water  with  the  nitric  acid. 


and  dissolve  the  bismuth  in  the  mixture.  When 
the  solution  is  complete,  pour  the  clear  liquor 
into  three  pints  of  distilled  water,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Lastly, 
having  poured  off  the  supernatant  fluid,  wash  the 
subnitrate  of  bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap 
it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonic 
and  antispasmodic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in 
gastrodynia. 

Bismuth,  Valb'riawatb  or,  Bismu'thi  Valeri- 
anae, Bismu'thum  valerian' icum.  Prepared  by 
mixing  a  neutral  solution  of  oxide  of  bismuth  in 
nitric  acid,  with  valerianate  of  soda  •  washing, 
and  drying  the  precipitate.  Used  in  gastrodynia, 
chronic  gastralgia,  neuralgia,  and  chronic  palpi- 
tation, as  a  nervine.  Dose,  £  a  grain  to  2  grains, 
three  or  four  times  a  day,  in  pill. 

BISMUTHI  NITRAS,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate 
of — b.  Valerianae,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISMUTHUM,  Bismuth  — b.  Nitricum,  Bis- 
muth,  subnitrate  of — b.  Oxydulatum  album, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of—  b.  Subnitricuxn,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of —  b.  Valerianicum,  Bismuth,  vale- 
rianate of. 

BISPIRUS,  Dipnoos. 

BISSUM,  Hydrangea  arboreseens. 

BISSUS.  The  silky  filaments  which  fix  the 
Pinna  Mari'na  to  the  rocks.  In  Italy  and  Cor- 
sica, clothes  are  made  of  these,  whioh  are  consi- 
dered to  favour  perspiration,  and  are  recom- 
mended to  be  worn  next  the  skin  in  rheumatism, 
gout,  Ac.    See  Byssus. 

BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Pylygonum  bistort* 
— b.  Virginian,  Polygonum  virginianum. 

BISTORTA,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

BISTORTIER,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  the 
Pharmacicn  to  a  long  wooden  pestle  used  for 
reducing  soft  substances  to  powdor,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

BISTOURI,  (F.)  Pistorien'sis  gla'diue,  ScaU 
pel'lut,  Scal'peum,  Bistoury.  A  small  cutting- 
knife,  used  in  surgery, — so  called,  according  to 
nuct,  from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  was  for- 
merly celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
instrument*.  A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small 
knife,  and  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  handle. 
The  blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in 
the  handle,  may  be  fixed  by  a  button,  spring,  Ac 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French,  B.  d  lame  fixe  ou  donnante. 

The  chief  bistouries  are  : — 1.  The  straight  B. 
(F.)  B.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
edge  are  straight,  the  point  being  fine,  round,  or 
square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  B.  convexe;  the 
blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting  edge, 
concave  at  the  back.  3.  The  cowcavk  B.  (F.) 
B.  concave  ;  the  blade  of  which  is  concave  at  its 
edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4.  Blunt-pointed 
B.  (F.)  B.  boutonnf;  the  blade  of  which  has  a 
button  at  its  extremity.  5.  The  blunt  or  probb- 
pointed  Bistoury  or  Pott  ;  concave  at  its  cut- 
ting edge,  and  its  point  blunt;  so  that  it  can  be 
carried  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the  index  finger, 
to  divide  the  stricture,  in  strangulated  hernia. 
Sir  Astley  Cooper  has  recommended  a  useful 
modification  of  this,  to  avoid  wounding  the  intes- 
tine, should  it  come  in  contact  with  the  edge  of 
the  knife.  His  Bistoury  has  an  edge  of  not  more 
than  eight  lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  lines* 
from  the  point  6.  Bistouri  a  la  lime,  (F.)  is 
a  straight  bistoury;  the  blado  fixed  in  the  handle, 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge  made 
with  a  file.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating  parts. 
7.  Bistouri  royal,  (F.)  A  Bistoury  used  in  ope- 
rating upon  Louis  XIV.,  for  fistula  in  ano.  8. 
Bistouri  oastrique,  (F.)  A  complicated  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Morand,  for  dilating  wounds 


BIT  NOBEN 


136 


bl£ 


of  the  abdomen.  9.  Bistouri  cach£,  B.  hemiaire, 
ou  Attrape-lourdaud  de  Biennaiee,  Forceps  de- 
eepto'ria.  A  curved  bistouri,  the  blade  of  which 
in  placed  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  press- 
ing a  spring. 

The  word  Bistouri  is  used  by  the  French,  at 
times,  where  we  would  employ  knife. 

BIT  NOBEN,  Salt  of  Bitu'mcn,  Padnoon, 
JSoueherloon,  Kkala  mimuc.  A  white,  saline  sub- 
stance, which  is  a  Hindoo  preparation  of  great 
antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Sal 
asphalti'tes  and  Sal  Sodome'nu*  of  the  ancients. 
It  is  used  by  the  Hindoo  in  the  prevention  or 
cure  of  almost  all  diseases. 

BITHNIMAL'CA,  Gas'teranax.  Two  un- 
meaning words,  used  by  Doleeus,  to  designate  an 
active  principle  supposed  to  have  its  scat  in  the 
stomach,  and  to  preside  over  ohymification,  Ac. 

BITIOS  DE  KIS,  Prootocace. 

BITTER,  Amarus—  b.  Bark,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens — b.  Bloom,  Chironia  angnlaris —  b.  Holy, 
Hierapicra — b.  Redberry,  Corn  us  Florida  —  b. 
Root,  Apocynum  androsamifolium,  Gentiana 
Catesbcei,  Menyanthes  verna — b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara — b.  Sweet  vine,  So- 
lanum  Dulcamara. 

BIT'TERNESS,  Amaritu'do,  Amarit'ie*,  Am- 
a'ror,  Pt'erta,  ( F.)  Amertume.  A  particular  taste, 
which  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
diseases  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  felt  in  the 
mouth. 

BITTERS,  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Calumbae  — 
b.  Spirit,  Tinctura  gentiance  composite — b.  Wine, 
Yinum  gentian*©  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

BITTERWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

BITTERWOOD  TREE,  Quassia. 

BITTOS.  A  disease,  in  which  the  chief  symp- 
tom is  an  acute  pain  in  the  anus. — Chomel. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum  — 
b.  Judaicum,  Asphaltum  —  b.  of  Judaea,  Asphal- 
tum — b.  Petroleum,  Petrolaeum — b.  Malta,  Pissas- 
phaltum— b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben — b.  Solidum,  As- 
phaltum. 

BIVENTER,  Digastricus  —  b.  Cervicis,  Corn- 
plexus  musculus  —  b.  Maxillae,  Digastricus. 

BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE  CEREBEL- 
LUM, see  Lobe,  bi ventral. 

BIXA  AMERICANA,  see  Terra  Orleana— b. 
Orleana,  see  Terra  Orleana  —  b.  Orellana,  see 
Terra  Orleana. 

BLABE,  Wound. 

BLACCIiE,  Rubeola. 

BLACIA,  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus —  b.  High  or  standing,  see  Rubus  fru- 
ticosus. 

BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infasum  Senna  compo- 
situm. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infasum  Sennsa 
eampo8itum. 

BLACK  DROP,  Guttss  nigra. 

BLACK  LION.  A  term  given  to  a  sloughing 
syphilitic  ulcer,  under  which  the  British  soldiers 
suffered  greatly  in  Portugal. 

BLACK  ROOT,  Alotris  forinosa,  Leptandria 
purpurea. 

BLACKWATER,  Pyrosis. 

BLADDER,  GALL,  see  Gall  Bladder— b.  Irri- 
table, Cysterethismus  —  b.  Swim,  Air  bladder  — 
b.  Urinary,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

BLADUM,  B14. 

BLifiSITAS,  Blasa  lingua.  Some  authors  have 
used  this  word  as  synonymous  with  stammering. 
See  Balbuties.  Salvages  understands  by  it  a 
dtfeot  iu  pronunciation,  which  consists  in  substi- 


tuting soft  consonants  for  those  that  are  hard; 
as  the  z  for  b,  the  D  for  t,  the  s  for  a  and  J,  Ac 
Also,  Lisping,  TrauMmue,  Trau'lotes,  (F.)  B14- 
site,  BIS  (parltr.) 

BLiESOPODES,  see  Kyllosis. 

BLjESOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

BLiESUS.  A  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
ward distortion  of  the  legs.    Also,  a  stammerer. 

BLAFARD,  (F.)  Pal'lidus,  Pallid' ulns..  This 
epithet  is  sometimes  given  to  the  skin,  when  pale 
and  dull;  but,  most  frequently,  to  the  flesh  of  a 
wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  become 
white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  Albino. 

BLANO  DE  BALEINE,  Cetaceum  —  6.  de 
Fard,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  de  V(Eilf  Scle- 
rotic— 6.  oVQSuf,  Albumen  ovi — b.  dePerle,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

BLANC-MANGER,  (F.)  Cibue  albus,  Lettco- 
pha'gium,  Leucoph'agum,  Argyrotrophe'ma.  An 
animal  jelly,  so  called  on  account  of  its  colour, 
combined  with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  almonds,  to 
which  sugar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutriment  in  con- 
valescence and  chronic  diseases. 

BLANC-RAISIN,  Blanc  Rhazis. 

BLANC  RHAZIS,  Blanc-raisin.  An  oint- 
ment composed  of  cerussa,  white  wax,  and  olive 
oil. 

BLANCA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

BLANCH,  TO,  from  (F.)  blanckir,  'to  whiten, 
to  bleach.'  To  whiten  by  depriving  of  the  outer 
rind ;  as  '  to  blanch  almonds ;'  i.  e.  to  peel  them. 

BLANOHET,  (F.)  A  blanket  A  term  given, 
by  the  French  Pharmaciens,  to  the  woollen 
strainer  through  which  they  filter  syrup  and 
other  thick  fluids.    See,  also,  Aphthae. 

BLANCHING,  Etiolation. 

BLANCNON  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filix 
mas. 

BLAS.  An  unmeaning  term,  invented  by  Van 
Helmont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement  in  the 
body;  at  times,  local, — at  others,  under  extrane- 
ous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the  Bias  mete- 
oros  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  Bla$  kuma'- 
num,  that  which  operates  in  man. 

Blas  Alteratiyuy,  'Plastic  force. 

BLASE,  (F.)  An  epithet  given  to  one  whom 
the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented  from  any 
longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure  from  it. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blaste'sis,  from  0Aa«rra*w,  <I 
bud.'  A  germ.  The  sense  of  this  word,  which 
is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  obscure.  Castelli 
thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of  some  morbific 
principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body.  Also,  the 
matrix  or  general  formative  element  of  tissues. 

BLAS'TEMAL,  Blastema' lie.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  a  blastema,  —  as  '  blastemal  forma- 
tions/ those  that  are  formed  from  a  blastema. 

BLASTODERMA,  see  Molecule. 

BLATTA  BYZAN'TIA,  Unguis  odora'tue,  (F.) 
Blatte  de  By  nance.  This  name  seems,  formerly, 
to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  production  from 
some  of  the  Conchylia.  It  had  an  agreeable 
smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape  of  a  nail.  It 
was  prescribed  in  epilepsy,  hysteria,  and  hepatic 
obstructions.  Ron  del et  affirms  that  it  was  the 
production  of  the  shell-fish  murex  or  purpura  ; 
and  that  the  name  Blatta  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  0\arro(,  l  purple.' 

BLA  VELLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLA  VJtOLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAVEROLLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAZING-STAR,  Chamaelirium  lufeum,  Li- 
atris. 

BLE,  Bladum.  This  word  answers,  in  France, 


Bit 


137 


BLEPHAROPTOSIS 


to  the  word  Corn  in  England;  i.  e.  any  kind  of 
grain  employed  for  making  bread.  Wheat  being 
moat  commonly  used  for  this  purposo,  BU  is 
sometimes  restricted  to  this.  BU  miteil  as  a 
mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BL&  CORNU,  Ergotr— b.  d'Etpagne,  Zea  mays 
—  o.  d' Italic,  Zea  Mays  —  b.  Miteil,  see  BU  — 
o.  Noir,  Polygonum  fagopynam  —  0.  d*  Turquie, 
Zea.  mays. 

BLJ6  {PARLEli,)  BlsesitM. 

BLBABERRY,  Vaecinium  myrtillus. 

BLEACHING  LIQUID,  Eau  dejavelU. 

BLEAR-EYE,  Lippitudo. 

BLEB,  Bulla. 

BLECHNON,  Polypodium  Mix  mas. 

BLECUNUM  LIGNIFOLIUM,  Asplenium 
6colopendriuin —  b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
terach. 

BLECHROPYRA,  see  Blechros. 

BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  mitior. 

BLECHROS,  fftvXP°s>  'weak,  feeble,  slow.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  affections,  and 
particularly  to  fevers.  Hence  Blechrop'yra,  'a 
glow  fever:'  Blechroephyg'mia,  'a  slow  pulse/ 

BLECHROSPHYGMLA,  see  Blechros. 

BLED,  Corn. 

BLEEDING,  Bloodletting,  Haemorrhagia. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NOSE,  Epistaxii 
— b.  Heart,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

BLMMEt  (F.)  This  word  has  nearly  the  same 
signification  as  Blafard,  Generally,  however,  it 
includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance. 

BLEXNA,  Mucus — b.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

BLENNADENFTIS,  from  0A»va,  'mucus,' 
•hriv,  '  a  gland,'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  mucous  follicles. 

BLENNELYT'RIA,  from  0X«**a,  'mucus/  and 
tXvrpov,  '  a  sheath.'  A  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  vagina.    Leucorrhoea. — Alibert 

BLENNEM'ESIS.  BUnnoefn'eeia,  Vom'itut 
pituito'eui,  from  (frtrva,  'mucus/  and  turns, 
'vomiting.'    Vomiting  of  mucus. 

BLENNENTERIA,  Dysentery. 

BLENNISTH'MIA,  fromjSAm-a,  'mucus/  and 
j*£/M«,  'the  gullet.  Increased  flow  of  mucus 
from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert 

BLENNOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  mucous. 

BLENNOCYSTIDES,  Bursrn  mucosa. 

BLENNODES,  Muciform. 

BLENNOEMESIS,  Blennemesis. 

BLENNOG"ENOUS,  Blennog"eniu,  Mucific, 
Mucif'ietu,  from  0\tvva,  '  mucus/  and  ytvau,  '  I 
form.'  Forming  or  generating  mucus.  Breschet 
and  Roussel  de  Vauz&me  describe  an  apparatus 
of  this  kind  for  the  secretion  of  the  mucous  mat- 
ter that  constitutes  the  cuticle,  composed  of  a 
glandular  parenchyma  or  organ  of  secretion  situ- 
ate in  the  substance  of  the  true  skin,  and  of 
excretory  ducts,  which  issue  from  the  organ, 
and  deposite  the  mucous  matter  between  the 
papillse. 

BLENNOIDES,  Muciform. 

BLENNOIDEUS,  Muciform. 

BLEXNOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia,  (puru- 
lent) 

BLENNOP'TYSIS,  from  fFXtvva,  and  *n>»,  'I 
■pit'    Expectoration  of  mucus.     Catarrh. 

BLENNOP'YRA,  Blennopy'ria,  from  (frtvva, 
and  mp,  'fire/  Alibert  has  classed,  under  this 
head,  various  fevers  with  mucous  complications  ; 
as  Meeettteric  fever,  Adeno-meningeal  fever,  Ac. 

BLENNORRHAGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Genita- 
lium,  Leucorrhoea — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spuria 
— b.  Spuria,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHAGIC  EPIDIDYMITIS,  Her- 
nla  bumoralifl. 


BLENNORRHAGIE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria — 6.  du  Gland,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHINIA,  Coryia. 

BLENNORRHEA,  Blennorrhoi,  Blennor- 
rhagJ,ia,  Phlegmorrhae'a,  Phlegmorrhag"ia,  from 
fiXewa,  'mucus/  and  put,  '1  flow/  inordinate 
secretion  and  discharge  of  mucus.  Also,  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

Blennorrhea  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Gonor- 
rhoea— b.  Genitalium,  Leucorrhoea  —  b.  Luodes, 
Gonorrhoea  impura — b.  Kasalis,  Coryza — b.  Oculi, 
see  Ophthalmia — b.  Oculi  gonorrhoea,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— b.  Oculi  neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia— 
b.  Oculi  purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Urethralis, 
Gonorrhoea,  Cystorrhoea — b.  Ventriculi,  Gaitror- 
rhoea — b.  Vesicas,  Cystorrhoea. 

BLENNO'SES,  from  BXtwa,  'mucus/  Affec- 
tions of  the  mucous  membranes. — Alilart 

BLENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumonia 
notha — b.  Chronicus,  Asthma  humidum. 

BLENNOTORRH(EA,  Otirrhcca. 

BLENNURETHRIA,  Gonorrhoea. 

BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhoea. 

BLEPHARADENIT1S,  Ophthalmia  Tarsi. 

BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS,  BUphari*. 
tit  gangrano'xi,  Carbuncula'tio  Oc'ulL  Gangre- 
nous inflammation  of  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHARELOSIS,  Entropion. 

BLEPHARIDES,  Cilia. 

BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE,  BlepharoplasUce. 

BLEPHARISMUS,  Nictation. 

BLEPHARITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — b.  Gan- 
grenosa, Blepharanthracosis. 

BLEPHAR0BLENN0RRH03A,  Ophthalmia, 
purulent  —  b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (pu- 
rulenta infantum.) 

BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS,  Blepha- 
roeyndeemi'tie,  from  /ZXctapev,  'an  eyelid/  and 
conjunctiva.  Ophthalmia  affecting  the  conjunc- 
tiva and  eyelids. 

BLEPHAROBttSCHR(E'A,  from  p\t<pap<n,  the 
'  eyelid,'  fa,  '  with  difficulty/  and  x?°*t  l  colour/ 
Discoloration  of  the  eyelid.  Naevius  of  the  eye- 
lid.— Von  Ammon. 

BLEPHAR<EDEMA  AQUOSUM,  Hydroble- 
pharon. 

BLEPHARON,  Palpebra— b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

BLEPHARONCO'SIS,  Blq>haron'cu$,  hie- 
pharophv'ma,  Palpebra' rum  Tumor,  from  0\t$u- 
pw,  '  eyelid/  and  oyw,  '  tumour/  A  tumour  of 
the  eyelid. 

BLEPHARONCUS,  Blepharoncosis. 

BLEPHAROPTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi 
— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Purulenta, 
Blepharopy  orrh  oea. 

BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDULO- 
SA,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

BLEPHAROPHYMA,  Blepharonoosis. 

BLEPH  AROPLAS'TICE,  BlepharidoplaJticl, 
Insif'io  Cilio'rum,  from  (fotfapov,  'the  eyelid/ 
and  xAacTiKx,  'forming/  'formative/  The  for- 
mation of  a  new  eyelid. 

BLEPHAROPLEGIA,  Blepharoptosis. 

BLEPHAROPTO'SIS,  BUpharople'gia,  Can* 
pal'ptbrm  euperio'ri;  Delap'eu*  pal'pcbra,  Pro- 
lap'tue  palpebra,  Propto'eit  pal'pebra,  Pto'M 
pal'pebra,  Atoniaton  blepharon,  from  fiXcfapev, 
1  the  eyelid/  and  m-mvis,  '  fall/  A  falling  down 
of  the  upper  eyelid  over  the  eye,  caused  by  a 
paralysis  of  the  Levator  palpebra  euperiori*  mus- 
cle. This  paralysis  is  an  unfavourable  symptom, 
as  it  is  generally  connected  with  a  state  of  the 
brain  favouring  apoplexy  or  palsy. 

Blepharoptosis  Ectropium,  Ectropium — b. 
Entropion,  Entropion. 


BLEPHAROPTORRH(EA 


138 


BLOOD 


BLEPHAROPYORRHCE'A,  BlepharophthaV- 
mta  purulen'ta,  Pvorrhce'a  pal'pebrm,  from  0\s$- 
ap9¥t  'eyelid;'  tvqv,  'pus/  and  pt*,  'I  flow.' 
Secretion  of  pus  from  the  eyelids. 

Blbpharo-pyorrhoba  Neonatorum,  see  Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta  infantum.) 

'  BLEPIIARORRHCE'A,  from  0\c<papov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  pva,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS,  from  0U+af*v,  'eye- 
lid/ and  aracfios,  'spasm.'  A  spasmodic  action 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle. 

BLB PHAROS YNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 

BLEPHAROTIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi— b.  Glan- 
dularis contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BLEPHAROTITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi 

BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropium. 

B  L  E  P  H  A  R  0  X  Y  S'TUM,  Blepharoxys'trum, 
from  pXcfapov,  '  eyelid,'  and  («<»,  '  I  scrape.'  An 
instrument  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  removing 
callosities,  which  made  their  appearance  in  the 
affection  called,  by  the  Greeks,  rpa;gw/ia. — Paulus 
of  JBgina,  Gorrasus. 

BLEPHIL'IA  HIRSU'TA,  Ohio  Horsemxnt, 
Hairy  Honemint;  an  indigenous  plant  of  the 
Mint  family,  Labiato,  whiih  has  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  Mints. 

BLESIT&,  BlsBsitas. 

BLESS  UREt  Abortion,  Wound. 

BLESTRIS'MUS.  Restlessness  of  the  sick.— 
Hippocrates. 

BLETA.  A  word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  white 
or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased  kidneys. 
Biota  alba  has  the  same  meaning. 

BLEU  DE  PRUSSE,  Prussian  blue. 

BLEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Ble- 
ville  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeate. 

BLIGHT  IN  THE  EYE,  Ophthalmia,  catar- 
rhal. 

BLINDNESS,  CoBcitas— b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia. 

BLISTER,  Vesicatotrium,Emplas'trum  Vesica- 
to' Hum,  Emplas'trum  Lytt<e,Epispas'ticum,  Blister 
platter,  from  vesica,  'a  bladder,'  (F.)  Vieicatoire, 
Visicant,  Any  substance  which,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  irritates  it,  and  occasions  a  serous  secre- 
tion, raising  the  epidermis,  and  inducing  a  vesicle. 
Various  articles  produce  this  effect,  as  cantha- 
rides,  mustard,  garou,  euphorbium,  garlic,  ammo- 
nia, Ac.  Blisters  are  used  as  counter-irritants. 
By  exciting  a  disease  artificially  on  the  surface, 
we  can  often  remove  another  which  may  be  at 
the  time  existing  internally.  A  perpetual  blister 
is  one  that  is  kept  open  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter 
time  by  means  of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blister  or  vesication  also  means  the  vesicle 
produced  by  vesicatories. 

Blister,  Magistral,  (F.)  Visicatoirc  magis- 
tral. A  prompt  means  of  producing  vesication 
rcommended  by  M.  Vallcix.  It  is  prepared  as 
follows : — Take  powdered  cantharides  and  wheat- 
flower,  of  each  equal  parts ;  vinegar,  a  sufficient} 
quantity  to  form  a  soft  paste. 

Blister  Beetle,  Cantharis. 

Blister  Fly,  Cantharis. 

Blister  Plaster,  Blister. 

BLISTERWEBD,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis— b.  Paper,  see 
tiparadrapum  vesioatorium — b.  Tissue,  Sparadra- 
jmm  vesicatorium. 

BLITUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo-Saxon,  b!o6,  from  bleoan,  'to 
bleed.'  Sanguis,  Cruor,  Lapis  anxma'lis,  Hccma, 
*sufm,  (F.)  Sang.  An  animal  fluid  formed  chiefly 
from  the  chyle;  acquiring  important  properties 


during  respiration ;  entering  every  organ  through 
the  circulation ;  distributing  the  nutritive  princi- 
ples to  every  texture,  and  the  source  of  every 
secretion.  The  blood  is  white  in  the  molluscous 
and  inferior  animals,  which  have  been,  henoe, 
called  white-blooded,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  red-blooded,  which  class  includes  the  mam- 
malia, birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Human  blood 
is  composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin,  an  animal 
colouring  substance,  a  little  fatty  matter — hema- 
telcs'um,  and  different  salts;  as  chlorides  of  potas- 
sium and  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime,  subcarbonate 
of  soda,  lime,  magnesia,  oxide  of  iron,  and  lactate 
of  soda,  united  with  an  animal  matter.  Arterial 
blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  strong  smell,  temp. 
100° ;  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood  is  of  a  brownish 
red :  temp.  98° ;  s.  g.  1.051.  The  difference  in 
colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first  being  called 
red  blood  ;  the  latter,  black.  The  former,  which 
is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is  nearly  the  same 
through  its  whole  extent:  the  latter  is  the  re- 
mains of  the  arterial  blood  after  the  different 
elements  have  been  taken  from  it  in  nutrition, 
and  probably  differs  in  composition.  It  likewise 
contains  different  substances  absorbed.  Venous 
blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and  left  to  itself,  be- 
comes solid,  and  separates  into  two  distinct  parts, 
— the  serum  or  watery,  supernatant  fluid;  and 
the  cruor,  coag'ulum,  crassamen'tum,  hepar  seu 
placen'ta  san'guinis,  placen'ta  eruo'ris,  in'sula, 
thrombus,  or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly  water, 
holding  albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts  of  tho 
blood.  The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  colouring 
matter  —  hamatosin,  a  little  6erum,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  salts.  M.  Le  Canu  found  the  blood  to 
be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water,  785.590; 
albumen,  69.415 ;  fibrin,  3.565 ;  colouring  matter, 
119.626 ;  crystallizable  fatty  matter,  4.300 ;  oilj 
matter,  2.270 ;  extractive  matter  soluble  in  alco- 
hol and  water,  1.920;  albumen  combined  with 
soda,  2.010;  chlorides  of  sodium  and  potassium; 
alkaline  phosphates,  sulphates,  and  subcarbon- 
ates,  7.304 ;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron,  peroxide 
of  iron,  1.414;  lose,  2.586.  The  four  principal 
components  of  the  blood  are  fibrin,  albumen, 
corpuscles,  and  saline  matter.  In  the  circulating 
blood  they  are  thus  combined— 
Fibrin  ^ 
Albumen   I  *n  80^ut*on  forming  Liquor  Sangui- 

Salts,       'J      "*• 

Red  Corpuscles — suspended  in  the  Liquor  San- 
guinis. 

In  coagulated  blood  they  are  thus  combined : 
Fibrin,  }  Forming  the  crassamentum  or 

Red  Corpuscles,  j      clot 

Albumen,  )  Remaining    in    solution,    forming 
Salts,  j      serum. 

Tho  following  table  exhibits  the  computations 
of  different  physiologists  regarding  the  weight 
of  the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 


lbs 
...8 


10 


Harvey,  1 

'Litter,  I 

Moulin*,  i ••••' 

Abildjruard,      J 
Blumenbacn,     ) 

Lobb,  J 

Lower,  > 

Sprensel 10  to  15 

G  ii ii ther 15  lo  90 

Blake ]6x  to  I8| 

Miiller  and  Burdach so 

JS«gner 20  to  85 

Quetnai .87 

F.  Hoffmann gg 

"*,ler 88  to  30 

X0l,n5 40 

Ifainberger. go 

Keill... 100 


BLOODING 


139 


BOISSB 


The  proportion  of  arterial  blood  to  Tenons  is 
about  4  to  9. 

Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  varying 
condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The  average 
proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  elements  in 
1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  follows,  accord- 
ing to  Le  Cann,  and  MM.  Andral  and  Oavarret: — 
fibrin,  3;  red  corpuscles,  127;  solid  matter  of  the 
serum,  80 ;  water,  790. 

Dried  human  blood  was,  at  one  time,  consi- 
dered to  be  anti-epileptic;  that  of  the  goat,  dried, 
Sanguis  hirci  sicca' tus,  sudorific  and  antipleu- 
retic. 

Blood,  Arterial,  see  Blood — b.  Black,  see 
Blood — b.  Black,  Vascular  system  of,  see  Vascu- 
lar— b.  Casein,  Globulin — b.  Corpuscle*,  Globules 
of  the  blood — b.  Disease,  Heematonosos — b.  Disks, 
Globules  of  the  blood — b.  Dried,  see  Blood — b. 
Loss  of,  Hssmorrhagia — b.  Red,  see  Blood — b. 
Bed,  system  of,  see  Vascular — b.  Spitting  of, 
Haemoptysis — b.  Venous,  see  Blood — b.  Vomit- 
ing of,  Haematemesis — b.  White,  Lymph. 

BLOODING,  Bloodletting. 

BLOODLESSNESS,  Anaemia. 

BLOOD-LETTING,  Jfissio  sen  Detrac'tio 
Sanguinis,  Hamax'is,  Cataschas'mus,  Blooding, 
Bleeding,  (F.)  Satanic,  Emission  sanguine.  A 
discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  blood  produced 
by  art :  an  operation  which  consists  in  making 
an  opening  into  a  vessel  to  draw  blood  from  it. 
When  practised  on  an  artery,  it  is  called  Arteri- 
ot'omy  ;  on  a  vein,  Phlebotomy,  Venasec'tio,  Ye- 
nesecrtion ;  and  on  the  capillary  vessels,  local  or 
capillary,  in  contradistinction  to  the  former, 
which  is  termed  general.  Blood-letting  is  used 
both  during  the  existence  of  a  disease,  as  in  in- 
flammation, and  in  the  way  of  prophylaxis.  It 
is  employed  to  fulfil  various  indications.  1.  To 
diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood; — when  it  is 
termed,  by  the  French  pathologists,  Saignfe  iva- 
euative.  In  such  case,  fluids  ought  not  to  be  al- 
lowed too  freely  afterwards.  2.  To  diminish  the  tur- 
gescence  in  any  particular  organ — ( (F.)  Saignte 
rhmlsive,  Bevulsive  bloodletting  or  bleeding,  Ve- 
nasee'tio  revulso'ria,  when  performed  far  from  the 
part  affected;  and  Saignte  dirivative,  when  near.) 
3.  To  diminish  the  consistence  of  the  blood,  (F.) 
Saignie  spoliative.  The  immediate  effects  of 
blood-letting  are:  diminution  of  the  mass  of 
blood  and  of  heat;  retardation  of  the  pulse,  and 
sometimes  syncope.  Blood-letting  from  the  veins 
— phlebotomy,  is  practised  on  the  subcutaneous 
veins  of  the  neck,  the  face,  the  fore-arm,  and  the 
leg;  sometimes  on  those  of  the  hand  or  foot. 
The  necessary  apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage 
or  riband,  a  compress  of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or 
phleam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1.  In 
the  fold  of  the  arm,  five;  — the  oephalio,  basilic, 
the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital.  2.  In 
the  hand,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3.  in  the 
foot,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  4.  In  the  neck, 
the  external  jugular.  5.  In  the  forehead,  the 
frontal.  6.  In  the  mouthy  the  ranine.  The  ope- 
ration of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  performed 
by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the  limb,  in 
order  that  the  subcutaneous  veins  may  become 
turgid  by  the  course  of  the  blood  being  ob- 
structed: the  bandage  not  being  so  tight,  how- 
ever, as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the  limb.  A 
puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and  the  desired 
quantity  allowed  to  flow.  The  ligature  is  now 
removed,  and  a  compress  and  retaining  bandage 
applied.  Capillary  or  local  blood-letting  is  prac- 
tised on  the  skin  or  mucous  membranes,  by 
means  of  leeches,  the  lancet,  or  cupping. 


Bloodletting,  Capillart,  see  Bloodletting— 
b.  Derivative,  see  Bloodletting — b.  Evacuative, 
see  Bloodletting-— b.  General,  see  Bloodletting— 
b.  Local,  see  Bloodletting  —  b.  Revulsive,  sea 
Bloodletting — b.  Spoliative,  see  Bloodletting. 

BLOODLIKE,  Sanguine. 

BLOODROOT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOODSHOT,  Hypersamic. 

BLOODSTONE,  Haematites. 

BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

BLOOD  VESSEL,  (F.)  Vaisseau  sanguin. 
vessel  destined  to  contain  and  convey  blood. 

Blood  Vessel,  breaking,  bursting,  huptub- 
ino  or  a.    HcDmorrhagia. 

BLOODWEED,  Asclepias  enrassavica. 

BLOODWORT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOODY,  Sanguineus,  Cruen'tus,  Sanguin'- 
eons,  (F.)  Sanguin.  Having  the  character  of 
blood.     Relating  to  blood.     See  Sanguine. 

BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androssBinifo- 
Hum. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta. 

BLOW,  Ictus,  Plegi,  (F.)  Coup.  Efteet  pro- 
duced by  one  body  striking  another.  The  im- 
pression made  by  any  body  which  strikes  us,  or 
against  which  we  strike; — a  common  cause  of 
wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  Ac 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Souffle. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Gentians  catesbssi. 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 
Lantana. 

BLUE  BOTTLE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus 
segetum. 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BLUET  DES  MOISSOXS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUSH,  see  Flush. 

Blush,  Cutaneous,  see  Efflorescence. 

BOA,  Boia.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pim- 
ples.— Pliny.    See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudamina. 

Boa  Up  a  8,  Upas. 

BOJE,  Syphilis. 

BOBERRI,  Curcuma  longs, 

BOCHIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCKLET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Bocklet,  in  Bavaria,  are  acidulous 
chalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corps;  from  (Teu- 
tonic) boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.' (?)  The 
human  body  is  the  collection  of  organs  which 
compose  the  frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is 
used  synonymously  with  trunk:  We  say,  also, 
body  of  the  femur,  of  the  sphenoid,  Ac,  to  desig- 
nate the  shaft  or  middle  portion  of  those  bones  j 
body  of  the  uterus,  Ac.     Also,  the  rectum. 

Body,  Coming  down  or  the,  Proctocele. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist 

BOE,  Cry. 

BOELLI,  Intestines. 

BOETHEMA,  Medicament 

BOG-BEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

BOHON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOIA,  Boa. 

BOIL,  Furunculus— b.  Gum,  Parulis— b.  Ma- 
lignant, see  Furunculus — b.  Wasp's  nest,  see  Fu- 
runculus. 

BOISDE  CAMPMCHE,  nsematoEylum  Cam- 
pechianum — b.  de  Chypre,  Rhodium  lignum — 6. 
de  Couleuvre,  see  Strychnos  —  b.  de  Marais,  Ce- 
phalanthus  occiden talis — b.  de  Plomb,  Dirca  pa- 
lustris  —  i.  Puant,  Prunus  padus  —  b.  de  Rose, 
Rhodium  lignum — b.  de  Sappan,  Ca>salpinia  sap- 
pan — b.  Sudorifique,  Wood,  sudorific. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS.  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fon- 
tenay-le-Compte,  in  France.   They  are  purgative, 


BOISSOJT 


140 


BONE 


and  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

BOISSON,  Drink. 

BOITE,  (P.)  A  box  or  cate,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
gery and  Anatomy  Boxtes  &  direction,  B.  &  am- 
putation, B.  d  trypan,  B.  &  cataracte,  Ac,  mcnn 
the  cases  containing  these  various  instrument*. 
Boits  du  Crane  is  the  bony  case  which  receives 
the  brain.  BoUe  is,  also,  the  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  trephine  which  receives  the  pyra- 
mid or  centre-pin.  Boxte  de  Petit  is  a  machine, 
invented  by  M.  Petit,  to  retain  the  fractured  por- 
tions of  bone  in  apposition,  when  the  leg  has  been 
fractured  in  a  complicated  manner.  Boxte  i*,  also, 
a  kind  of  case  put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  re- 
ceive the  faeces,  which  are  continually  being  dis- 
charged. The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name 
Bottc  to  various  articulations,  —  B.  de  genou,  B. 
de  la  hanche  ;  "  knee-joint,  hip-joint." 

BOlTEMEXT,  Claudication. 

BOtTIER,  (F.)  Appareil,  Cap' eula  unguenta' - 
ria,  Capsa' riutn.  A  Dressing -case.  A  box,  con- 
taining salves  and  different  apparatus,  used  more 
particularly  by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 

BOL,  Bolus — b.  aVArminie,  Bolo,  Armenian — 
b.  Blanc,  Bolus  alba. 

BOLA,  Myrrha. 

BOLCHON,  Bdclliom. 

BOLE,  Bolus,  (F.)  Bolt  Terr*  bolaire,  meant, 
with  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic  The  various 
boles  had  different  forms  given  to  them,  and  were 
Stamped,  as  in  the  following : 

Bole  Armenian,  Bole  Arme'niac,  B .  Ar'nxe- 
nic,  Argil' la  ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A.  Bolus  rubra, 
Sinapi'sie,  Arena' men,  Bolus  Orienta'lis,  Bolus 
Armeniaca,  B.  Arme'nia,  B.  rubra,  (F.)  Bol 
d'Arnrfnie.  A  red,  clayey  earth,  found  not  only 
in  Armenia,  but  in  several  countries  of  Europe, — 
in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France,  Ac  It  was  once 
esteemed  a  tonic  and  astringent,  and  was  applied 
as  a  styptic  It  is  now,  scarcely,  if  ever,  used. 
It  consists  of  argil,  mixed  with  lime  and  iron. 

B0LESI8,  Coral. 

BOLESON,  Balsam. 

BO  LET  ODOR  A  XT,  Dsdalea  suaveolens. 

BOLETUS  AGARICUS,  B.  Laricis— b.  Albus, 
Boletus  laricis — b.  Discoideus,  Deedalea  suaveo- 
lens. 

Bole'tus  Esculeh'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.  An 
eatable  mushroom,  found  in  the  woods  in  Eu- 
rope, and  much  admired  by  Gastronomes.  It  was 
formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

Boletus  Fulvus,  B.igniarius — b.  Hippoorepis, 
B.  igniarius. 

Bole'tus  Igxta'rius.  The  systematic  name 
for  the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus,  Agar'icum  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'icus  Ckirurgo'rum,  Agar'- 
icus QuercAs  seu  ignia'Hus,  Polyp* orue  ignia'rius, 
Is'ca,  Bole'tus  ungula'tus  seu  /ulcus  seu  hippo- 
erepis  seu  obtu'sus,  Spunk,  Am'adou,  Punk,  Fun- 
gus Ignia'riue,  Fungus  Querei'nus,  Agaric  of  the 
Oak,  Touchwood,  Touchwood  Boletus,  Female 
Agaric,  Tinder,  (F  )  Agaric  de  chine,  Amadou- 
vier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by  surgeons  as 
a  styptic 

Bole'tus  Lar'icis,  B,  Larici'nus,  Fun'gus 
Lar'icis,  Polyp' orus  officinalis,  Agar'icus  albus 
sen  Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  officinalis,  A.  Albus  op'- 
timus,  B.  p^rgans,  B.  albus,  B.  agar'icus,  B.  offi- 
cinalis, White  Agaric,  (F.)  Agaric  blanc.  On 
the  continent  of  Europe  it  has  been  given  as  a 
cathartic  and  emetic,  as  well  as  to  moderate  the 


sweats    in    phthisis.  — De   Haen.     Externally, 
styptic. 

Boletus  Obtusus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Officinalis, 
B.  laricis — b.  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Daedalea  suaveolens  —  b.  Suaveolens,  Daedalea 
suaveolens — b.  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 

BO  LI  MART  IS,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 

BOLISMOS,  Boulimia, 

BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  the 
Agar'icus  Aurantiacus.  —  Pliny,  Martial,  Seuto- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consequence 
of  its  shape, — from  Bolus. 

BOLL'S,  (3u)\os,  a  morsel,  a  mouthful,  a  bole, 
(F.)  Bol.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  having 
a  pilular  shape,  but  larger ;  capable,  however,  of 
being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Argil'la  pal- 
lid'ior :  called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and  stamped 
or  sealed  with  certain  impressions.  (F.)  Bol 
blanc,  Terre  Sigillic,  Argile  ochrettse  pdle.  It 
was  used  like  Bole  Armenian,  and  was  brought 
from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bolus,  Alimen'tary,  Bohts  AUmcnta'rius. 
The  bole  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  under- 
gone mastication  and  insalivation  in  the  mouth; 
and  been  collected  upon  the  tongue  prior  to  de- 
glutition. 

Bolus  ORreNTA'Lis.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth, 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian  in  being 
brought  from  Constantinople.  See  Bole,  Arme- 
nian. 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole,  Armenian. 

BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants 
of  Chili  use  this  plant  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 

BOMBEMENT,  Bombus. 

BOMBUS,  Au'rium  fluctua'tio,  A.  Sib'ilus,  A. 
Son'itue,  A.  Susur'rus,  (F.)  Bombement.  A  kind 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — characterized, 
according  to  Sauyages,  by  the  perception  of 
blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  intervals. 
Also,  Borborygmus.  See  Flatulence,  and  Tin- 
nitus Aurium. 

BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 

BON,  Coffca  Arabica. 
•  BONA.  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BONANNIA  OFFICINALIS,  Sinapis  alba. 

BONA  FEVER,  see  Fever,  Bona. 

BONDUE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

BONE,  Os,  Os'teon,  Os'teum,  (F.)  Os,  Saxon, 
ban.  The  bones  are  the  solid  and  hard  parts, 
which  form  the  basis  of  the  bodies  of  animals 
of  the  superior  classes ;  and  the  union  of  which 
constitutes  the  skeleton.  The  human  body  has, 
at  the  adult  age,  208  bones,  without  including 
the  32  teeth,  the  ossa  Wormiana,  and  the  sesa- 
moid bones.  Anatomists  divide  them,  from  their 
shape,  into  1.  Long  bones,  which  form  part  of  the 
limbs,  and  represent  columns  for  supporting  the 
weight  of  the  body,  or  levers  of  different  kinds 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  2.  Flat  bones,  which 
form  the  parietes  of  splanchnio  cavities ;  and,  3. 
Short  bones,  met  with  in  parts  of  the  body  where 
solidity  and  some  mobility  are  necessary.  Bones 
are  formed  of  two  different  textures ;  spongy  and 
compact.  They  afford,  on  analysis,  much  phos- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime,  a  little  phosphate 
of  magnesia,  phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of 
iron  and  manganese,  some  traces  of  alumina  and 
silica,  gelatin,  fat,  and  water.  The  uses  of  the 
bones  are  mentioned  under  each  bone.  They 
give  shape  to  the  body,  contain  and  defend  the 
viscera,  and  aot  as  levers  to  the  muscles.  ' 


BONRBINDER 


141 


BORBORUS 


TABLE  OF  THE  BONES. 


Bonssor 

THB 

Head. 


Bonn  or 

THE 

Trunk. 


Borrs  or 
the  Ur- 

PER  EX- 
TREMITY. 


BOEEfOr 
THE 

Lower 
Extre- 
mity. 


Bones  of  the 
Cranium  or 


Bonet  of  the 
Ace 


Did** 

or 

Teeth. 

Bone  of  the 

Tongue. 

Bone*  of  the 
Ear. 


Vsrisbrm. 


Frontal 1 

Parietal S 

Occipital 1 

Temporal 3 

Ethmoid 1 

Sphenoid 1 

Superior  Maxillary. ...  2 

Jugal  or  Cheek 2 

Nasal 2 

Lachrymal 2 

Palatine 2 

Inferior  Spongy 2 

Vomer ] 

Inferior  Maxillary  . .. .  1 

I  net  sores 8 

Cuipidati 4 

Molarea SO 

Hyoid 1 


Sacrum 

Os  QoccfgiM  . , 

The  Thorax. 

The  Pelvis. 

The  Shoulder. 

The  Arm. 

Fbre-arm. 


Malleua 2 

Incut 2 

Orbiculare 2 

Stapes 2 

Cervical 7 

Dorsal 12 

Lumbar 5 


Metacarpus 
.  Phalanges  . 
The  Thigh. 

The  Log. 


1 

Sternum 1 

Ribs 24 

Innominatum 2 

Clavicle 2 

Scapula 2 

Humerus 2 

Ulna 2 

Radius 2 

Naviculare 2 

Lunare 2 

Cuneiforms 2 

Orbiculare 2 

Trapezium 2 

Trapezoides 2 

Macnum 2 

Unci  forme » 3 


Carpus 

or 
Wrist. 


10 

2a 

Femur 2 

Patella 2 

Tibia 2 

Fibula 2 

CalcisOs 2 

Astragalus 2 

Cuboides 2 

Naviculare 3 

Cunei  forme 6 

10 


Total,  240 

Bokb-Ach,  Osteocopus  —  b.  Back,  Vertebral 
column — b.  Bar,  Pubis,  os — b.  Blade,  Scapula — 
b.  Boat-like,  Os  scaphoides — b.  Breast,  Sternum 
— b.  Crupper,  Coccyx. 

Bone  Fever,  see  Inflammation. 

Bone,  Haunch,  Hion — b.  Interparietal,  Inter- 
parietal bone — b.  Rump,  Coccyx — b.  Share,  Pu- 
bis—b.  Splinter,  Fibula. 

Bone  Nippers,  Osteul'cum,  TenacTula,  from 
Unco,  'I  bold.'  (F.)  TenailU  incisive.  An  in- 
strument used  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  car- 
tilages. It  is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  bandies  of 
which  are  strong,  and  the  edges,  which  touch 
each  other,  cutting. 

BONEBINDER,  Osteocolla. 

BONE-DOCTOR,  Renoueur. 

BONESET,  Eupatorium  perfoliatnm — b.  Up- 
land, Eupatorium  sessilifolium. 

BONE-SETTER,  Renoueur. 

BONES,  BRITTLENESS  09  THE,  Fragilitas 
ossium — b.  Friability  of  the,  Fragilitas  ossium — 
b.  Salt  of,  Ammonia  carbonas — b.  Softening  of 
the,  Mollities  ossium. 

BONIFACIA,  Ruseus  hypoglossum. 

BONNE  DAME,  Atriplex  hortensis. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bonnes 


is  a  village  six  leagues  from  Pau,  in  the  depart* 
ment  Basses  Pyrinfes,  France.  Here  are  several 
thermal  springs.  They  were  celebrated  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Francis  I.,  under  the  name  Eauas 
a?  Arquebueade.  They  contain  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime, 
sulphur,  and  silica.  The  temperature  is  from  78° 
to  98°  Fahrenheit. 

Tb*  factitious  Eau  be  Bonnes  is  made  of  JBy- 
drosvlphuretted  water,  fQr;  pure  water,  Oj.  and 
f^ss;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  xxx;  sulphate  of 
maqne*ia,  gr.  i. 

BONNET,  Reticulum. 

BONNET  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  Bonnet  <THip- 
pocrate. 

BONNET  UHTPPOCBATE,  Cap  of  Hip- 
poe'rates,  Mitra  Hippocrat'iea,  Fas' da  capita' lis, 
Pi'lcus  1/ippocrat'icus.  A  kind  of  bandage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippocrates. 
It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed  over 
the  head  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap.  The 
French,  also,  name  it,  Bonnet  d  deux  globes, 
Capeline  de  la  ttte. 

BONNYCLABBER,  Clabber,  from  Irish, 
baine,  'milk/  and  elabar,  'mire.'  In  Ireland, 
sour  buttermilk.  In  this  country,  the  thick  part 
of  sour  milk. 

BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia 
febrifuga— b.  Trifoliate,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

BONTIA  GERMINANS,  Avicennia  tomen- 
tosa. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Henricus, 
Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

BONY,  Osseous. 

BOON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOON  A,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BOOTIA  VULGARIS,  Saponaria. 

BOOTIKIN.  A  glove  with  a  partition  for  the 
thumb,  but  no  separate  ones  for  the  fingers— like 
an  infant's  glove — made  of  oiled  silk. — Dr.  E.  J. 
Seymour.  Horace  Walpole  speaks  in  raptures 
of  the  benefit  he  derived  from  bootikins  in  gout. 

BORAC'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Borac"ieum,  Sal 
sedati'tus  Hoxber'gt,  Boric  Acid,  (F.)  Acide 
boracique.  An  acid  obtained  from  borax,  which 
was  once  looked  upon  as  sedative.  It  was  also 
called  Acor  Borac"icus,  Sal  vitriol*  narcoficum, 
Sal  volatile  Bora'cis,  and  Flores  Bora'cis. 

BORAGE,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORA'GO  OFFICINALIS,  Buglos'sum  re- 
rum,  Bug.  lati/o'lium,  Borra'go,  Corra'gr.  Bo- 
rago  horten'sis,  Borage,  (F.)  Bourraeke.  Kat. 
Ord.  Boraginete.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 

BORATHRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 

BORAX,  Boras  Soda,  Soda  Bibo'ras,  Subbo- 
ras  Soda,  Boras  supersat'urus  soda,  Soda  Bo- 
raxa'ta,  Chrysocol'la,  Capis'trum  auri,  Subborats 
of  protox'ide  of  So'dium,  Subprotobo'rate  of  So- 
dium, Boras  Soda  alcales'eens  seu  alcali'num, 
Boras  superso'dieus,  Borax  Ven'etus,  Subbo'ras 
Na'trieum,  Borax'trion,  Nitrum  facti"tium,&c 
Subbo'rate  or  Biborate  of  Soda,  Borate  of  Soda, 
(F.)  Borate  ou  Sous-borate  de  Sonde,  Borate  sur- 
saturt  de  sonde.  It  is  found  in  an  impure  state  in 
Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is  inodorous ;  taste  cool, 
and  somewhat  alkaline;  soluble  in  12  parts  of 
water.  Borax  is  seldom  used  except  as  a  lotion 
in  aphthss. 

Borate  of  Mercury  has  been  recommended 
as  an  antisyphilitic 

BORAXTRION,  Borax. 

BORBON'IA  RUSCIFO'LIA.  A  small  South 
African  shrub,  used  in  asthma  and  hydrothorax* 
In  decoction,  it  is  given  as  a  diuretic — Pappe. 

BORBORUS,  Fimus. 


BORBORYGMUS 


142 


BOUBS  DES  EAUX 


BORBORYGMUS,  from  0ep£»p»$#,  'I  make  a 
dull  noise/  Murmur  sen  Bombus  sen  Motus  In- 
testino'rum,  Anile' ma.  Anile' sis,  Calopsoph'ia,  In- 
tona'tio  intestina'lis,  Murmur  ventrie  sea  intesti- 
na'U,  Borborugm,  (F.)  QargouiUement,  Orouille- 
ment  d'Entratlles.  The  noise  made  by  flatus  in 
the  intestines.  This  happens  often  in  health, 
especially  in  nervous  individuals. 

BORD,  (F.)  Margo,  Edge,  Margin.  Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  organ. 
Thus,  the  bones,  muscles,  Ac,  have  bord$  as  well 
as  bodies.  The  'free  edge/  bord  libref  is  one  not 
connected  with  any  part;  the  'adhering  edge/ 
bord  adherent,  one  that  is  connected;  and  the 
bord  articulaire,  or  '  articular  margin,  or  edge,' 
that  which  is  joined  to  another  bone. 

BORD  01  LI  AIRE,  Ciliary  margin. 

BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Near  this  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.  It  contains  oxide 
of  iron,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  and 
sulphate  of  magnesia. 

BORE,  Boron. 

BO  RONE,  (F.)  Codes,  Unoc'ulus,  Luseus, 
Luscio'sus.  One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees 
only  with  one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figu- 
ratively, for  blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.  See 
Caecus. 

BORIUM,  Boron. 

BORKHAUSENIA'CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

BORN ;  past  particle  of  bear,  (F.)  ni.  Brought 
forth  from  the  womb. 

Borx  Alive.  It  has  been  decided  by  English 
judges,  that '  to  be  born  alive/  means  that  acta 
of  life  must  have  been  manifested  after  the  whole 
body  has  been  extruded ;  and  that  respiration  in 
transitu  is  not  evidence  that  a  child  was  born 
alive.  It  must  be  'wholly  born  alive/  hence  res- 
piration may  be  a  sign  of  life,  but  not  of  live  birth. 

BORON,  Bo'riuin,  Borum,  (F.)  Bore.  A  simple 
substance,  the  basis  of  boracic  acid ;  obtained,  by 
heating  potassium  with  boracio  acid,  as  a  dark 
olive-coloured  powder,  devoid  of  taste  and  smell. 
Heated  in  the  air  or  in  oxygen,  it  is  converted 
into  boracio  acid. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.  ^Ethiopian  names  for  a 
iisease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
trgans  of  generation,  and  appears  to  hare  con- 
liderable  analogy  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORRIBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bone  is 
•:  village  in  Blarn.    The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BO  RUM,  Boron. 

BOSA.  An  Egyptian  name  for  a  mass,  made 
©i  the  meal  of  darnel,  hemp-seed,  and  water.  It 
L  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE,  Methys  copbyl- 
luin  glaucum. 

BOSOM,  see  Mamma. 

BOSSA,  Plague  token. 

BOUSE,  Hump,  Protuberance  —  6.  Naeale, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'men  Bota'U  seu 
Botal'lii ;  the  Fora'men  ova'U,  (F.)  Trou  de 
Dotal,  Trou  ovale.  A  large  opening  which  exists 
In  the  foetus  in  the  partition  between  the  two 
auricles  of  the  heart;  and  by  means  of  which 
the  blood  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Its 
iiscovery  is  generally  attributed  to  Leonard  Bo- 
kallus,  Botal,  or  Botallt,  who  wrote  in  1562.  It 
was  spoken  of,  however,  by  Vesalius,  and  even 
by  Galen. 

BOTANE,  Herb. 

BOTANICAL  DOCTOR,  Herb-doctor. 


BOTANIQUE  Jfjf2>/<LiZJE,  Botany,  medicaL 

BOT'ANY,  MED'ICAL,  Botan'ica  Med' tea, 
Medici' na  Botan'ica,  Phytolog"ia  med'ica  ;  from 
Poravr,,  'an  herb/  (F.)  Botanique  Midieale.  The 
knowledge  of  the  properties,  characters,  Ac,  of 
those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  medicine. 

BOTAR'GO,  (F.)  Botargue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with  the 
eggs  and  blood  of  the  Mugilceph'alus  or  Mullet ; 
strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  putrescent. 
It  is  used  as  a  condiment 

BOTARGUE,  Botargo. 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  abscess  in  the 
nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  BotrioeepK'alns  to- 
tut,  Bothrioceph'alum,  Boirioceph'alus,  from  0o$- 
piov,  *  a  small  pit,'  and  KtfaXn,  '  head/  Taenia  lata, 
T.  vulga'ris,  Lumbri'cus  lahu,  Plate' a,  T.  os'enlis 
lateral' ibue  gem'inis,  T.grieea,  T.  membrana'cea, 
T.  tenel'la,  T.  denta'ta,  T.  kuma'na  iner'mis,  Hal'- 
ysis  membrana'cea,  T.  prima,  T.  os'enlis  lateral'- 
ibue  solita'riis,  T.  aceph'ala,  T.  osculis  superfi- 
cial'ibue,  T.  d  anneaux  eourte,  T.  non  armf,  Ver 
solitaire,  Broad  Tape  worm.  Common  in  Swit- 
zerland, Russia,  and  some  parts  of  France.  It 
inhabits  the  intestines  of  man,  and  extends  to  an 
enormous  length.  A  broken  specimen  has  been 
obtained  60  yards  long. — Goeze. 

BOTH'RION,  Both'rium,  from  Mpos,  'a  pit, 
cavity/  Ac.  An  alveolus  or  small  fossa.  A 
small  deep  ulcer  on  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus 
of  <figina.     See  Foseette. 

BOTHRIUM.  Bothrion,  Fossette. 

BOTHROS,  Fovea. 

BOTIN,  Terebihthina. 

BOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOTOTHINUM.  An  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  to  denote  the  most  striking  symptom 
of  a  disease : — the  Floe  morbi. 

BOTOU,  Pareira  brava. 

BOTRIOCEPHALUS,  Bothriocepkalus. 

BOTRION,  Alveolus. 

BOTROPHIS  SERPENTARIA,  Act* a  race, 
mosa. 

BOTRYS,  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Vitia  vint- 
fera — b.  Ambroisioides,  Chenopodium  ambro- 
sioides — b.  Am ericana, Chenopodium  am brosioides 
—  b.  Anthelminticum,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticum — b.  Mexicana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides. 

BOTTINE,  (F.)  A  thin  boot  or  buskin,  O'crea 
le'vior.  An  instrument,  which  resembles  a  small 
boot,  furnished  with  springs,  straps,  buckles,  Ac, 
and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lower  ex- 
tremities in  children.  «• 

BOTTLE-NOSE,  Gotta  rosea. 

BOTTLE-STOOP.  In  Pharmacy,  an  arrange- 
ment for  giving  the  proper  inclination  to  a  bottle 
containing  a  powder,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  con- 
tents being  readily  removed  by  the  knife,  in  dis- 
pensing medicines.  It  consists  of  a  block  of 
wood  with  a  groove  in  the  upper  surface,  to  re- 
ceive the  bottle  in  an  oblique  position. 

BO UB ALIOS,  Momordica  elaterinm,  Vulva. 

BOUBON,  Bubo. 

BOVCAOE  MAJEUR,  Pimptnella  magna— 
b.  Mineur,  Pimpinella  saxifraga — 6.  Petit,  Pim- 
pinella  saxifraga. 

BOUOHE,  Mouth. 

BOUCLEMENT,  Infibulation. 

BOUES  DES  EAUX,  (F.)  Bouts  MiniraXts, 
Bal'nea  Camo'sa.  The  mud  or  swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs,  impregnated  with  the  sub- 
stances contained  in  such  springs,  and  conse- 
quently possessing  similar  properties.  The  Bones 
are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in  France* 
at  the  springs  of  St.  Amand,  Bagneres  de  Lucbon, 


BOUES  min£rales 


143 


BOVTONNI&RE 


Bagnols,  Barlges ;  in  the  United  States,  at  the 
White  Sulphur  in  Virginia,  Ac. 

BOUES  MINER  ALES,  Bourn  dee  eawc. 

BOUFFE,  (F.)  The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Dulaurene 

BOUFFISSURE,  Puffinese 

BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  wax  candle:  Candel'ula, 
Oandefla,  C.  ee'rea,  Oande'la  mediea'ta,  Ce'reum 
medico,' turn,  Cereolue  Chirurgo'rum,  Dcc'dion, 
Specil'lum  ce'reum,  Virga  ee'rea,  Cereolue.  A 
flexible  cylinder,  variable  in  sixe,  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  urethra,  oesophagus,  rectum,  Ac, 
for  the  purpose  of  dilating  these  canals,  when 
contracted.  A  Simple  Bougie  is  composed  of 
solid  and  insoluble  substances ;  as  plaster,  elastio 
gum,  catgut,  Ac  It  acts  of  course  only  mecha- 
nically. 

Boven,  Mbd'icatbd,  (F.)  B.  MSdicamenteuee, 
has  the  addition  of  some  escharotio  or  other  sub- 
stance to  destroy  the  obstacle ;  as  in  the  Caustic 
Bougie,  which  has  a  small  portion  of  Lunar  Caus- 
tic or  Common  Vauetie  inserted  in  its  extremity. 
Ducamp  has  recommended  a  Bougie,  which  swells 
out  near  its  extremity,  for  the  better  dilating  of 
the  urethra.  This  he  calls  B.  &  ventre.  The 
metallic  Bougie,  invented  by  Smyth,  is  a  compo- 
sition of  metal,  allowing  of  great  flexibility ;  and 
a  hollow  Bougie  is  one,  with  a  channel  running 
through  it,  to  be  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
catheter,  or  otherwise 

BOUILLIE  (F.),  Pultic'ula,  Pap,  from  (F.) 
bouillir,  *  to  boil.'  Flour,  beaten  and  boiled  with 
milk.     It  is  a  common  food  for  infants. 

BOUILLON,  (F.)  from  bouillir,  'to  boil,' Jt», 
Sorbit"io.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals  in  water.  The  osmasome,  gela- 
tin, and  soluble  salts  dissolve ;  the  fat  melts,  and 
the  albumen  coagulates.  Bouillon  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmasome.  Th*  Jus  de 
Viande  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  prepared 
of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  Ac 

BOUILLON,  in  common  language,  in  France, 
means  a  round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes 
seen  in  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 

BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbasoum  nigrum. 

BOUILLONS  U&DICINAUX  ou  PHAR- 
MACEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic 
Bouillons,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  me- 
dicinal herbs.  The  Bouillon  aux  herbee  is  gene- 
rally composed  of  eorrel  or  beet 

BOUILLON  d'OS,  (F.)  Bouillon  from  bonee, 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  muriatio  acid, 
in  order  to  dissolve  the  earthy  parte  The  gela- 
tin, which  remain*,  is  then  boiled  with  a  little 
meat  and  vegetables. — D'Arcet  Bouillon,  how- 
ever,  can  be  easily  obtained  from  the  bones  of 
roast  meat  by  simple  coction. 

BOUILLONNEMENT,  Ebullition. 

BOUIS,  Buxus. 

BOULE  I/ACIER,  Ferrum  tartariiatum— b. 
de  Mare,  Ferrum  tartariiatum  —  b.  de  Moleheim, 
Ferrum  tartariiatum — 6.  de  Nancy,  Ferrum  tar- 
tariiatum. 

BOULE AU  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 

BOULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  Bulim'iue,  Bu'limue, 
Bou'limos,  Bulimi'asi*,  Boliemoe,  Eclim'ia,  Fame* 
eani'na,  Appeti'tue  eaninue,  Appeten'tia  eani'na, 
Adepha'giaj  Cynorex'ia,  Orex'ie  eyno'dee,  Bupi'- 
na,  Bupei'na,  Phagm'na,  Phagedena,  Fame* 
BovVua,  F.  LupVna,  from  0ov(,  '  an  ox/  and  Atpor, 
'hunger;'  or  from  0a,  augmentative  particle,  and 
Xtmes,  'hunger,'  (F.)  Boulimie,  Faim  canine,  F. 
devoromte,  Polyphagia  An  almost  insatiable 
hunger.  A  canine  appetite.  It  is  sometimes 
seen  in  hysteria  and  pregnancy;  rarely  under 
other  circumstances. 

BOULIMIE,  Boulimie 


BOULOGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Boulogne  is  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
France.    The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BOUQUET  ANATOMIQUE  DE  BIOLAN, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or  other 
substances  tied  together.  A  name  given,  by  some 
anatomists,  to  the  collection  of  ligaments  and 
muscles,  inserted  into  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone 

Bouquet  Fetxr,  Dengue 

BOURBILLON,  see  Furunculus  (core.) 

BOURBON-LANCY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bourbon-Lancy  is  a  small  village  in  the 
department  of  Sadne-et- Loire,  France;  where 
there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  car- 
bonio  acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  Iron, 
and  silica.  Their  heat  is  from  106°  to  136° 
Fahrenheit 

BOURBON  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  department 
of  Allier,  six  leagues  west  from  Moulins,  and 
has  been  long  celebrated  for  its  thermal  chaly- 
beate waters.  They  contain  sulphohydric  add, 
sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies  be- 
tween 136°  and  146°  Fahrenheit 

BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven  leagues 
from  Langres,  department  of  Haute- Marne, 
France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline,  and  have 
been  long  celebrated.  Temperature  from  100° 
to  133°  Fahrenheit  The  Factitious  water,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Bourbonne-lf-Baine,  Aqua  Borvonen'eie, 
is  composed  of  water,  containing  twice  its  bulk 
of  carbonic  acid,  fzxxss;  chloride  of  sodium, 
f  3J1  chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  x,  Ac. 

BOURBOULE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  near  Mount  d'Or,  where  there  are  two 
thermal  saline  springs. 

BOURDAINE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURDONNEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOURDONNET,  PulviVlue,  P.  e  linamen'tie 
eon/ee'tue,  P.  rotun'due,  Doeeil.  A  term  in  French 
surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small  mass  of 
an  olive  shape,  which  Is  used  for  plugging  wounds, 
absorbing  the  discharge,  and  preventing  the 
union  of  their  edges.  In  cases  of  deep  and  pene- 
trating wounds,  as  of  the  abdomen  or  chest,  a 
thread  is  attached  to  them  by  which  they  may 
be  readily  withdrawn,  and  be  prevented  from 
passing  altogether  into  those  cavities. 

BO  URGE NE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURGEON,  Granulation,  Papula— o.  Char- 
nu,  Granulation. 

BOURGEONS,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOURRACHE,  Bongo  officinalis. 

BOURRELET  (F.),  A  Pad,  a  Border.  A 
fibro-eartilaginous  border,  which  surrounds  cer- 
tain articular  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  cavity 
of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum ;  by  which  the 
depth  of  those  cavities  is  augmented. 

BOURRELET  ROUL&,  Cornu  ammonia, 

BOURSE  a  BERGER,  Thlaspibursa— 6.  A 
Pasteur,  Thlaspibursa. 

BOURSES,  (LES,)  Scrotum. 

BOURSOUFLURE,  Puffinese 

BOUTON,  Papula— o.  cTAUp,  see  Anthrax— 
b.  Malin,  see  Anthrax  —  b,  &  Or,  Ranunculus 
acris. 

BOUTONNIERE  (F.),  Fiseu'ra,  IntWio.  A 
small  incision  made  into  the  urethra  to  extract  a 
calculus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  to 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in  the 
peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  penetrate  the 
bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention  of  urine 


BOVACHEVO 


144 


BRADYSURIA 


BOVACHEVO,  Datura  sanguines. 

BOVILL^B,  Rubeola. 

BOVISTA,  Lycoperdon. 

BOWEL,  Intestine. 

BOWLEG  GED,  see  Cnemosooliosis. 

BOWMAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  corollata,  Gil- 
Idnia  trifoliata,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

BOX,  MOUNTAIN,  Arbutus  uva  nrsL 

BOX  TREE,  Buxus,  Cornus  Florida, 

BOXWOOD,  Cornua  Florida. 

BOYAU,  Intestine. 

BRABYLON,  Prunum  Damascenum. 

BRACHERIOLUM,  Truss. 

BRACHERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHIA  COPULATIVA,  see  Peduncles  of 
the  Cerebellum. 

BRACHIA  PONTIS,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
Cerebellum. 

BRACHLffiUS,  Brachial— b.  Internus,  Bra- 
ohialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lis,  Brachia'us,  from 
Brachium,  *  the  arm.'    What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Aponeurosis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  tendons 
of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  pectoralis  major,  and  del- 
toides  muscles,  and  which  completely  envelops 
the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Artert,  Arte'ria  brachia'lis,  Hur- 
meral  Artery,  (F.)  Art&re  ou  Tronc  brachial. 
The  artery,  which  extends  from  the  axilla  to  the 
bend  of  the  elbow ;  where  it  divides  into  A.  cubi- 
talis  and  A.  radialis.  It  passes  along  the  inter- 
nal edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median  nerve 
and  between  the  accompanying  veins.  Under 
the  name  Brachial  Artery,  M.  Chaussier  includes 
the  subclavian,  axillary,  and  humeral,  the  last 
being  the  brachial  proper. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Anterior,  Mas' cuius  Bra- 
chia'lis Ante'rior,  Brachia'lis  internus,  B.  anti'- 
cus,  Brachia'us,  Brachial' u*  internus,  (F.)  Muscle 
brachial  interne,  Humiro-cubital — (Ch.)  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna. 
Use,    To  bend  the  fore-arm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'lis,  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  cervical  pairs 
and  the  first  dorsaL  It  is  deeply  seated  in  the 
hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far  as  the 
inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  gives 
off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  infra  scapular, 
and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in  number,)  the 
axillary,  cutaneous,  musculo-cutaneous,  radial, 
cubital,  and  median. 

Brachial  Veins  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosing 
with  each  other :  they  terminate  in  the  axillary. 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Vein,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 

BRACHIALS,  Carpus. 

BRACHIAL'GIA.  Neural' gia  Brachia'lis, 
from  /Spagioir, '  the  arm,  and  aAyoj,  '  pain.'  Pain 
in  the  arm,  neuralgia  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIALIS,  Brachial— b.  Anticus,  Brachial 
muscle — b.  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— b.  Internus,  Brachial  muscle. 

BRACHIERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHILE,  Truss. 

BRACHILUVIUM,  Bath,  arm. 

BRACHIOCEPHALIC  ARTERT,  Innomi- 
nate arteria — b.  Veins,  Innominate  venss. 

BRA'CHIO-CU'BITAL,  Braekio-eubita'Us. 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cubitus. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint;  because  it  is  at- 


tached to  the  os  braohii  or  os  humeri  and  to  the 
cubitus  or  ulna. 

BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  0paXi<**,  'the 
arm/  and  <cwAAw«f,  'the  act  of  making  crooked/ 
Curvature  of  the  arm  inwards.'  Paralysis  or  lose 
of  power  from  curvature  of  the  arm. 

BRACHION,  Brachium. 

BRACHIO!N'CUS,  from  0pax"*v,  'the  arm/ 
and  oyxot,  '  a  swelling.'     A  tumour  of  the  arm. 

BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL,  Brachio-radia'lis.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  brachium  and  radius.  This 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  external  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  humerus  and  to  the  radius.  See  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

BRACHIORRHEU'MA,  Bheuwatis'mus  bra'- 
chii,  from  /?pa;giur,  'the  arm/  and  pevpa,  'deflux- 
ion,  rheumatism.'    Rheumatism  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIROLUM,  Truss. 

BRA'CHIUM,  Bra'chion,  Laeer'tus,  (F.)  Brat, 
the  arm.  The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 
or  the  part  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.  See 
Humeri,  Os. 

Bra'chiux  Ante'rius.  A  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  anterior  pair  of  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  (nates)  obliquely  outwards 
into  the  thalamus  opticus. 

Brachium  Movenb  Quartus,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Bra'chtuk  Po8Te'riub.  A  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  pair  of  the  qua- 
drigemina (testes)  obliquely  outwards  into  the 
optic  thalamus. 

BRACHUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

BRACHYAU'CHEN,  from  Pp<*xvs,  'short,'  and 
avxnv,  *  neck.'    One  who  has  a  short  neck. 

BRACHYCEPH'AKS,  (Gentes)  'shortheads/ 
from  Ppaxytt '  short,'  and  Kt<pa\rj,  *  head.'  In  the 
classification  of  Retains,  those  nations  of  men 
whose  cerebral  lobes  do  not  completely  cover  the 
cerebellum — as  the  Sclavoniane,  Fins,  Persians, 
Turks,  Tartars,  Ac. 

BRACHYCHRON'IUS,  from  0pax»s,  'short,* 
and  x?°vosf  'time.'  That  which  continues  but  a 
short  time.  A  term  applied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration. — Galen. 

BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  0paxvs,  'short/ 
and  yvaBos,  '  the  under  jaw.'  A  monster  with  too 
short  an  under  jaw. — Gurlt. 

BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACHYPNCEA,  Dyspnoea. 

BRACHYP'OTL  from  0pax^f  'short/  and 
*orrn,  '  drinker.'  They  who  drink  little,  or  who 
drink  rarely.    Hjppoc,  Galen,  Foe'sius. 

BRACHYRHYN'CHUS ;  from  jffpa^s,  'short/ 
and  pvyxos,  '  snout'  A  monster  with  too  short  a 
nose. 

BRACHYSMOS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACING,  Corroborant 

BRACKEN,  Pteris  aquilina. 

BRADY-ESTHE'SIA,  from  0pa$ve,  'difficuiy 
and  aiodnms,  '  sensation.'    Impaired  sensation. 

BRADYBOLISMUS,  BradyspermatismuB. 

BRADYECOIA,  Deafness. 

BRADYLOG"IA,  Dysla'lia;  from  Ppa&vs,  'diffi- 
cult, and  Xoyor, '  a  discourse.'  Difficulty  of  speech. 

BRADYMASE'BIS,  Bradvmasse'sis,  impro- 
perly Bradymaste'sis,  Manauca'tio  diffic"ili99 
from  0oaivt,  'difficult,'  and  pacyois,  'mastioa* 
tion.'    Difficult  mastication.    See  Dysmaseeis. 

BRADYMASTESIS,  Bradymasesis. 

BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda  cibo'rum  concoc'tio, 
from  Ppaivs,  •  slow/  and  rnrrw,  '  I  digest'  Slow 
digestion.— Galen.    See  Dyspepsia. 

BRADYSPERMATIS'MUS,  Br ady bolts' mms, 
JEjaeula'tio  sem'inis  imped' it  a,  Dy spermatid  mm*, 
from  0paivt,  *  slow/  and  mppa, '  sperm.'  A  slow 
emission  of  sperm. 

BRADYSU'RIA,  Tenesmus  vesi'cv,  (F.)  «. 


BBADYTOCIA 


145 


BREAD 


tvieical,  from  Ppatv*,  'difficult  and  npiv, 
*  to  pass  the  urine.'  Painful  evacuation  of  the 
wine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.    Dysuria. 

BRADYTOCIA,  Dystocia. 

BRAG'GET,  Braggart,  BragworL  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water. 
Bee  Hydromeli. 

BR  AT,  LIQUIDS,  see  Pinna  sylvestris  —  ft. 
Sec,  Colophonia. 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum — h.  Fag,  see  Nervous  dia- 
thesis— b.  Little,  Cerebellum — b.  Pan,  Cranium. 

BRAINE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Braine 
is  a  small  Tillage,  three  leagues  from  Soissons, 
Prance,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pteris  Aquflina— b.  Rock, 
Polypodium  vulgare,  Polypodium  incanum — b. 
Root,  Polypodium  vulgare. 

BRAMBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Rnbus 
fruticosns — b.  Common,  Rubus  fruticosns. 

BRAN,  Purfar. 

BRANC-URSINE  BATARDE,  Heracleum 
spondylium. 

BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium— b.  Ursina,  Acanthus  mollis — b.  Vera,  Acan- 
thus mollis. 

BRANCH,  from  (F.)  -Branch,  originally,  pro- 
bably, from  /fyagtuv,  'an  arm/  (?)  because  branches 
of  trees,  Ac,  go  off  like  arms.  A  term  applied, 
generally,  to  the  principal  dirision  of  an  artery 
or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly  used  synony- 
mously with  Ramue;  but  often,  with  the  French, 
Branche  signifies  the  jgreat  division; — Rameau, 
Lat  Ramus,  the  division  of  the  branches;  and 
RamuecuUe,  Lat  Ramueculi,  the  divisions  of 
these  last 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  branch**  of  the 
'pubis  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branches  of  the 
Ischium  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  Ac 

BRANCHES  BE  LA  UO&LLE  ALL  ON- 
QJSE  {PETITES)  Corpora  restiformia. 

BRANCHI,  Branch*.  Swellings  of  the  ton- 
sils,  or  parotid,  according  to  some;— of  the  thy- 
roid gland,  according  to  others. 

BRAN'CHIA,  (Gr.)  fyaygia.  The  gills  or  re- 
spiratory organs  of  fishes,  corresponding  to  the 
lungs  of  terrestrial  animals. 

BRANCHUS,  flfoyxnt  Rouce'do.  A  catarrhal 
affection  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
trachea,  Ac — Galen.    Hoarseness. 

BRANCI,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrum. 

BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,  Dutch, 
Brandwijn,  'burnt  wine/  Vinwn  adus'tum 
seu  crema'tum,  Aqua  Vita,  (F.)  Eau  de  vie,  (S.) 
Aguardiente.  The  first  liquid  product  obtained 
by  distilling  wine.  It  is  oomposod  of  water,  al- 
cohol, and  an  aromatio  oily  matter,  which  gives 
it  its  flavour.  Brandy  is  a  powerful  and  diffusi- 
ble stimulant,  and  as  such  is  used  in  medicine. 
It  has  been  also  called  Liquor  AquiWgius.  Bee 
Spirit 

Brassy,  Applb,  see  Pyrtu  malus— b.  Egg, 
tee  Ovum. 

BRANKS,  Cvnanche  parotidsea. 

BRANKURSINE  Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANNTWEIN,  Brandy. 

BRAS.    See  Oryza. 

BRAS,  Braohium — 6.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  res- 
tiformia. 

BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  FOR  ANEU- 
RISM. An  operation  by  ligature,  proposed  by 
Brusdor,  which  consists  in  the  application  of  the 
ligature  on  the  distal  side  of  the  tumour. 

BRASEGUR,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF. 
Brasegur  is  a  place  in  the  diocese  of  Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartio  waters. 
10 


BRASENIA,  B.  Hydropeltb. 
Brase'kia  Htdropel'tis,  Bratc'nia,  B.  peU 
ta'ta,  Hydropel'tiepurpu'rea,  Gelat'ina  aqua  f  tea, 
Frogleaf,  Little  Water  Lily,  Water  Jelly,  Water 
ihield,  Dterfood.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord\ 
Ranunculacess,  Sex.  Sy*L  Polyandria  Polygynia, 
flourishing  from  Kentucky  to  Carolina  and  Flo- 
rida; and  covering  the  surface  of  ponds,  marshes* 
Ac  The  fresh  leaves  are  mnoilaginous,  and  have 
been  used  in  pulmonary  complaints,  dysentery, 
Ac,  like  Cetraria. 

Brasehia  Pbltata,  B.  Hydropeltis. 

BRASH,  WATER,  Pyrosis. 

Brash,  Wearing,  Atroph'ia  Ablactato'rum. 
A  severe  form  of  diarrhoea,  which  supervenes  at 
times  on  weaning.  The  Maladie  de  OruveiUUer 
appears  to  be  a  similar  affection. 

BRASILETTO,  see  CsBsalpinia. 

BRASIUM,  Malt 

BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 

BRASS,  Sax.  bpar,  Weleh,  prta.  AvrichaV* 
cum,  Orichal'cum,  jEeeeavwn,  Chryochal'coe, 
(F.)  A  tram.  A  yellow  metal,  formed  by  mixing 
copper  with  calamine.  The  same  general  remarks 
apply  to  it  as  to  copper.    See  Cuprum. 

BRAS'SIC A,  Cramte,  Brat'sica  olera'eea  :  B. 
capita'ta  seu  cuma'na  of  the  old  Romans.  The 
Cabbage,  (F.)  Ohou  potager.  Family,  Crucifene. 
Sex.  Sytt.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  Cato  wrote 
a  book  on  its  virtues.  It  is  a  vegetable  by  bo 
means  easy  of  digestion  when  boiled;  when  raw, 
it  appears  to  be  more  digestible.  When  forming 
a  solid  globular  mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B* 
Capita'ta,  (F.)  Chou-Cabue,  Ckou  PommL 

Brassica  Casts  a.,  Mereurialis  perennis — b. 
oapitata,  Brassica—- b.  Cumana,  Brassica. 

Bras'sica  Eru'ca,  B.  hu'pida,  Eru'ca,  E.fat- 
tida  seu  eati'va,  Sina'jrie  eru'ca,  Sisym'brium 
erucae'trujn,  Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rocket,  Ac, 
(F.)  Ohou  Roquette,  Roquette.  This  was  consi- 
dered by  the  Romans  an  aphrodisiac — Colu- 
mella.   The  seeds  were  ordinarily  used. 

Bras'sica  Flo b' IDA, — Brae'nca  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients— the  Cauliflower,  Oaulie  Florida, 
(F.)  Chou-fleur,  is  a  more  tender  and  digestible 
variety. 

The  Brae* colt,  B.  Sabel'lica  of  the  Romans,  B. 
Ital'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  Hispid  a,  B.  eruca — b.  Italica,  B. 
Florida — b.  Marina,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Bras'sica  Napvb,  Napue  Sylveetrie,  Buniae, 
Rape,  (F.)  Navette.  The  seed  yields  a  quantity 
of  oil. 

Brassioa  Nigra,  Sinapis  nigra — b.  Oblonga, 
B.  rapa— b.  Oleraoea,  Brassioa — b.  Pompeiana,  B. 
Florida. 

Bras'sica  Rapa,  Rapa  rotun'da  seu  oblon'aa, 
Rapum  majut,  Rapa  napue,  Sina'pie  tubero'ea, 
Turnip,  (F.)  Chou  nonet,  Navet,  Rave.  The  tur- 
nip is  liable  to  the  same  objection  (but  to  a  leal 
extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

Brassica  Sabellica,  B.  Florida. 

BRATHU,  Juniperus  sauna. 

BRATHTS,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRA  YER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTHELMINTICS  Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Csesalpinia  echinata. 

BREAD,  see  Triticum. 

Bread.  Glttteic.  Bread  made  of  wheat  dough 
deprived  of  the  chief  portion  of  its  starch  by 
washing.  Bread,  made  of  gluten  only,  cannot 
be  eaten,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and  tough- 
ness ;  hence  one  fifth  of  the  normal  quantity  of 
starch  is  allowed  to  remain,  and  in  this  form  the 


BREAD-FRUIT 


149 


BROIEMENT 


bread  is  said  to  be  tolerably  light,  eatable,  and 
moderatoly  agroeable. 

Bread,  Household,  Syncomistos. 

BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpus. 

BREAST,  Thorax,  Mamma— b.  Abscess  of  the, 
Mas  tody  nia  apostematosa. 

BREAST-GLASS,  Milk-glae*.  A  glass  applied 
to  the  nipple  to  receive  the  milk  when  secreted 
copiously  by  the  mamma. 

Breast,  Irritable,  Neuralgia  Mammae. 

BREAST-PANG,  SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina 
pectoris. 

BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia  Lactca. 

BREATH,  Sax.  brtttte,  Hal'itwt,  Anhel'itue, 
An'imiu,  Spir'itue,  Aftnoe,  (F.)  HaUine.  The 
air  expelled  from  the  chest  at  each  expiration. 
It  requires  to  be  studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  tho- 
racic diseases  especially.     See  Respiration. 

Breath,  Offensive  ;  Fcetor  Oris,  Oatoetoma- 
toephre'ria,  Hal'itue  oriefos'tidu;  Ozi.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dependent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of  the 
chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Saturxixe,  see  Saturnine — b.  Short, 
Dyspnoea. 

BREATHING  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

Breathivo,  Difficulty  of,  Dyspnoea. 

BRECHET,(F.)  The  Brieket.  This  name  is 
given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  cartilago 
*n*iformi$,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum  itself. 

BREC1IMA,  Bregma. 

BRECHMUS,  Bregma. 

BR&DISSURE,  (F.)  Trimnue  Capietra'tve. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  consequence 
of  preternatural  adhesion  bet«"»«n  the  internal 
part  of  the  cheek  and  gums ;  often  occasioned  by 
the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOUILLEMENT,  (F.)  Tituban'tia.  A 
precipitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  in 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  differs 
from  it  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  rapidity 
of  speeoh ;  whilst  stuttering  is  characterised  by 
continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  repetition  of 
the  same  syllables. 

BREED,  Race. 

BREEDING,  Generation,  Pregnant 

Breeding,  Cross.  The  act  of  raising  or  breed- 
ing from  different  stocks  or  families. 

BREEDiXG-nr-Ayn-nr.  The  act  of  raising  or 
breeding  from  the  same  stock  or  family. 

BREGMA,  Brechma,  Brechmus,  from  /fycgciy, 
'to  sprinkle;'  Fontanel' la,  Sin'ciput.  The  top 
of  the  head  was  thus  called,  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  humid  in  infants ;  and,  according  to 
some,  because  it  was  conceived  to  correspond  to 
the  most  humid  part  of  the  brain. 

BREGMATODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 

BRENNING,  Burning. 

BREPHOCTONON,  Conyxa  squarrosa. 

BREPHOTROPHE'UM,  Ecthelobrephotro- 
phc'um,  from  fiftfes,  'a  new-born  child,'  and  rpo- 
fdv, '  to  nourish.'    A  foundling  hospital. 

BRJtSILLET,  CaBsalpinia  sappan. 

BRE'VIA  VASA,  Short  VeueU.  This  name 
lias  been  given  to  several  branches  of  the  splenio 
arteries  and  veins,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
great  c*l-de-eae  of  the  stomach. 

BRBVIS  CUBITI,  aea  Anconeus. 

BRICK,  (F.)  Brio**.  Hot  bricks  are  some- 
times need  to  apply  neat  to  a  part,  as  to  the-  ab- 
domen in  colic,  or  altar  the  operation  for  popli- 
teal aneurism ;  or,  radioed  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  aa  application  to  herpetic 
ai*u  peorie  affections. 

Bbjcjci,  Fomaot0  Tula  or  Ttt*  won  for- 


merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was  used 
as  a  specific  in  outanoous  affections.  They  en- 
tered, also,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous  hu- 
mours, Ac  To  the  Terra  Forna'cum,  or  Brick 
earth,  the  same  virtues  were  assigned. 

BRICUMUM,  Artemisia. 

BRIBE  (F.),  A  bridle.  Frenulum,  Beti- 
nac'ulum.  This  term  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
abscesses  or  deep-seated  wounds,  and  which  pre- 
vent the  exit  of  pus.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur  in  cica- 
trices of  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in  inflamed 
serous  or  synovial  membranes. 

BRIER,  WILD,  Rosa  canina. 

BRIGHT'S  DISEASE  OF  THE  KIDNEY, 
see  Kidney,  B right's  disease  of  the. 

BRIGHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of  this 
fashionable  watering  place,  on  the  south  coast  of 
England,  is  dry,  elastio,  and  bracing.  According 
to  Sir  James  Clark,  its  climate  appears  to  the 
greatest  advantage  in  the  autumn  and  early  part 
of  the  winter ;  when  it  is  somewhat  milder  and 
more  steady  than  that  of  Hastings.  Accordingly, 
it  is  adapted  for  all  cases  in  which  a  dry  and 
mild  air  at  this  season  of  the  year  proves  bene- 
ficial. In  the  spring  months,  owing  to  the  pre- 
valence of,  and  its  exposure  to,  north-east  winds, 
the  climate  is  cold,  harsh,  and  exciting  to  the 
delicate.  It  is  well  adapted  for  convalescents, 
and  for  all  who  require  a  dry  and  bracing  eea 
air. 

BRIMSTONE,  Sulphur. 

BRINE,  Muria. 

BRINTON  ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BRION,  Corallina. 

BRIQUE,  Brick. 

BRIQUEBEC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
France.    The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 

BR1SE-PIERRE  ARTICUL&,  (F.)  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Jacobson  for  crushing  the 
stone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  HOT  WELL,  Britolien'eie  Aqua. 
Bristol  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bath,  in 
England.  The  water  is  an  almost  pure  thermal  ,■ 
slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides  of 
magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
oxygen  and  asote.  Temperature,  74°  Fah.  The 
Hot  Well  has  been  long  celebrated.  Its  action 
is  like  that  of  thermal  waters  in  general.  The 
climate  of  Bristol  is  mild,  and  hence  the  water 
has  been  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  incipient  pul- 
monary consumption.    See  Clifton. 

BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot 

BROAD,  Sax.  bfiao,  Latut,  (F.)  Large.  Any 
body  is  so  termed  whose  transverse  extent  \m 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broad  Bone;  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliac,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of  splanch- 
nic cavities.  Broad  Mueclee  generally  occupy 
the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially  those  of 
the  ohest  and  abdomen.  The  epithet  has  also 
been  applied  to  other  parts — as  to  the  broad  liga- 
ment* of  the  womb,  Ac 

BROCCOLI,  Brassioa  sabelliea. 

BROCHOS,  fooXos,  Laqneue.    A  bandage. 

BROCH'THUS,  fax**,  Gvla.  The  throat. 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. — Hipp. 

BROCHUS,  Ipo*"*  This  name  has  been  given 
to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper  lip.  Ac- 
cording to  others,  it  means  one  whose  teeth  pro- 
ject in  front  of  the  mouth. 

BRO'DIUM.  A  synonym  of  Jus  or  Meulum. 
Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  which  any  thing  is  boiled. 
Brvtdium  §alie — a  decoction  of  salt 

BROIEMENT,  see  Cataract,  Laceration. 


BROKEN  DOSES 


U7 


BRONCHITIS 


BROKEN  DOSES,  Me  Doses,  broken. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment,  Bromine. 

BROMATO.C  CRISIS,  Lientery. 

BROM  ATOG'RAPH  Y,  Bromatograph'ia,  Bro- 
wuxfraphy,  Bromograph'ia,  from  0{M/<a,  'food/ 
mud  ypaftt  '  a  description/  A  description  of  ali- 
ments. 

BROMATOL'OGY,  Bromatolog"ia,  SitioPogy, 
from  0p<*/ia,  'food/  and  Xoyos,  ' a  discourse/  A 
treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROMEURASS,  Bromus  oiliatus  —  b.  Soft, 
Bromus  ciliatus. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olaus 
Bromel,  a  Swede.  Car'duus  Braxilia'nue,  Ana'- 
nas  ova'ta  seu  aculea'ta,  Anas'ta,  Capa-Isiak'ka, 
Ana' not  or  Pine  Apple,  A  West  India  tree, 
which  produces  the  most  delicious  of  fruits. 

Broke'lia  Pinocin,  Ana'nas  America' na,Pin- 

Sin,  Broad-leaved  wild  Ana'nas,  Ac.  The  West 
dia  plant,  which  affords  the  Pinguin  fruit.  The 
fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice,  when  ripe,  very 
austere.  It  is  used  to  acidulate  punch.  A  wine 
is  made  from  the  Pinguin,  which  is  very  intoxi- 
cating, and  has  a  good  flavour. 

BROMIC,  Bro'micus:  same  etymon  as  Bro- 
mine.    Containing  bromine. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMIDRO'SIS,  from  Ppmpot,  'stench/  and 
'i&?» ft '  sweat.'     Offensive  sweat 

BROMINE,  Bro'minum,  Bromin'ium,  Broma, 
Bromin'cum,  Bro'mium,  Bro'mina,  Bromum,  Mu'- 
rina,  Muride,  Brome.  A  simple  body,  of  a  very 
volatile  nature,  and  highly  offensive  and  suffo- 
cating odour,  whence  its  name,  from  Ppupoc,  '  a 
stench/  It  is  met  with  chiefly  in  sea-water,  and 
in  many  animal  and  vegetable  bodies  that  live 
therein.  It  has  likewise  been  found  in  many 
mineral  waters  of  this  and  other  countries.  In 
its  chemical  relations,  it  may  be  placed  between 
chlorine  and  iodine.  With  oxygen  it  forms  an 
acid, — the  Bromic,  and  with  hydrogen  another — 
the  ffydrobromic. 

Pure  Bromiitb,  Bromidb  or  Iron,  (dose,  gr.  1 
or  y,)  and  Bromide  or  Potassium,  have  been 
used  medicinally,  and  chiefly  in  scrofulosis, — 
internally,  as  well  as  applied  externally.  Bro- 
mine may  be  dissolved  in  forty  parts  of  distilled 
water,  and  six  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a 
dose.  Bromides  or  Mercury  (Hydrar'gyri  Bro'- 
mida)  have  been  given  in  syphilis.  The  proto- 
bromide  and  the  bibromide  are  analogous  in 
composition  and  medicinal  properties  to  the  cor- 
responding iodides  of  mercury. 

BROMIUM,  Bromine. 

BROMOURAPHY,  Bromatography. 

BROMOS,  /SpM/iof.  One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.    See  A  vena. 

BROMOSUS,  Fetid. 

BROMUM,  Bromine. 

BROMUS    CILIA'TUS,    B.  purgans,  Brome 

Cm  /  indigenous :  Order,  GramincsB ;  is  said  to 
emetic,  and  anthelmintic  ( ?  ),  cathartic  and 
diuretic.     It  purges  cattle. 

Bromus  Olaber,  Triticum  repens. 

Bromus  Mollis,  Soft  Brome  GraM.  The  seeds 
are  said  to  cause  giddiness  in  man;  and  to  be 
jatal  to  poultry. 

Bromus  Purgans,  B.  ciliatus. 

Bromus  Temulentus,  Lolium  temulentum. 

BRONCHES,  Bronchia— b.  Ganglion*  lym- 
jlhatiques  des,  Bronchial  glands. 

BRONCHI,  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIA,  Bron'chus,  Bronchi,  from  Ppoy~ 
gelt  'the  throat'    The  Latins  used  the  term 


Bronchus,  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea ;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia,  Bronchia, 
Bronchia,  and  Bronchi,  (F.)  Bronches,  now  meaa 
the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications,  which  arise 
from  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea,  and  carry  air 
into  the  lungs, — Can'nula  pulmo'num. 

Bronchia,  Dilatation  or  the,  Dilated  Bron- 
chia, The  physical  signs  of  this  condition  are 
the  following : — Percussion  usually  clear,  but  not 
nnfrequently  less  so  than  natural,  although  very 
seldom  quite  dull.  Auscultation  detects  coarse 
mucous  or  gurgling  rhonehi,  increased  by  the 
cough,  combined  with,  or  replaced  by,  bronchial 
or  cavernous  respiration,  which  is  often  effected 
as  if  by  a  sudden  puff  or  whiff.  The  resonance 
of  the  voice  is  increased,  but  it  seldom  amounts 
to  perfect  pectoriloquy.  The  most  common  situ- 
ations for  dilated  bronchia  are  the  scapular,  mam* 
mary,  or  lateral  regions.  Thoy  are  almost  always 
confined  to  one  side. 

Bronchia,  Obliteration  or  Compression  or 
the.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscultation 
is  weaker  or  wholjy  suppressed  over  a  limited 
portion  of  the  chest ;  the  expiration  is  generally 
more  distinct  and  prolonged :  all  the  other  con- 
ditions are  natural. 

BRONCHIA,  sco  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIAL,  Bronchic,  Bronchia'lis,  Bron'- 
chicus.     That  which  relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Arteries,  (F.)  ArttrcsBrouch  iques. 
These  are  generally  two  in  number,  one  going  to 
each  lung.  They  arise  from  the  thoracic  aorta, 
and  accompany  the  bronchia  in  all  their  ramifi- 
cations. 

Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules  bronchiques. 
The  Air-cells  ;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cocgh,  (F.)  Toux  bronchi  que,  T. 
tubaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bronchial 
respiration.  Tbey  both  indicate  obstruction  to 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Glan'dula  Vesalia'nm, 
Glands  of  Yesa'lius,  (F.)  Glamles  bronchiques  ou 
Ganglions  lymphatiques  des  bronches,  are  numer- 
ous glands  of  an  ovoid  shape ;  of  a  reddish  hue 
in  the  infant,  and  subsequently  \>rown  and  black, 
seated  in  the  course  of  the  bronchia.  Their  func- 
tions are  unknown.  The  bronchial  glands  may 
be  presumed  to  be  affected  by  scrofulosis,  when, 
in  addition  to  the  existence  of  tumours  in  the 
neck,  percussion  gives  a  dull  sound  under  the 
upper  and  central  part  of  the  sternum,  whilst 
there  is  no  appreciable  lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bronchial  Nerves,  (F.)  Aer/t  bronchiques, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial — 
t*  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Bronchial  Veins  arise  from  the  last  divisions 
of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass,  on 
the  right  .side,  into  the  vena  axygos;  on  the  left, 
into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Dilata'tio  hronchio'rum, 
from  ppoyxos,  *  a  bronchus,'  and  txraeif,  *  dilata- 
tion/   Dilatation  of  one  or  more  bronchial  tubes. 

BRONCHIITIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRON'CHIOLE,  Bronchiolum,  Bronchiolus; 
diminutive  of  Bronchium  or  Bronchus.  A  minute 
bronchial  tube. 

BRONCHOSTENOSIS,  from  0poyx<xt  'a 
bronchus/  and  trrnwnc,  *  contraction/  Contrac- 
tion or  narrowness  of  the  bronchi. 

BROXCHITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis. 

BRONCHI' TIS,  Bronchii'tis,  Injlamma'tio 
bronchio'rum,  Catar*rhus  Pulmo'num,  C.  oron- 
chio'rum,  Pleuri'ti*  hu'mida,  P.  bronchia'lis 
Bronchos' tasis,  Pul'monarg  Catarrh,  Angi'nu 
bronchial  is,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  Bronckem. 
Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of  ih* 


BRONCHIUS 


148 


BRUCOURT 


bronchial  tabes.  This  is  always  more  or  less 
present  in  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh ;  and  is 
accompanied  by  cough,  mucous  expectoration, 
dyspnoea,  and  more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breath- 
ing. The  acute  form  is  accompanied  with  all  the 
signs  of  internal  inflammation,  and  requires  the 
employment  of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revul- 
sives. The  chronic  form,  Tussis  sent' lis,  Catar1- 
rhus  &cni'li*,  Rheuma  catarrha'li,  Peripneumo- 
nia notha,  Bronchorrhce'a  acu'ta,  Winter  cough, 
Chronic  Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthi- 
sis ;  from  which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly 
by  the  absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  physical 
signs  that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter,  as  well 
as  by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration,  which  is 
generally  mucous,  although  at  times  mucopuru- 
lent. When  the  expectoration  is  little  or  none, 
the  bronchitis  is  said  to  be  dry,  dry  catarrh,  (F.) 
Catarrhe  Sec, 

When  bronchitis  affects  the  smaller  tubes,  it  is 
termed  capillary  bronchi' tit,  bronchi' tie  capilla'- 
ri*,  bronchoc'aci  infantilis  ( ?  ),  and  is  often  fatal 
to  children.  Vesic'ular  bronchitis  is  the  term  pro- 
posed by  MM.  Rilliet  and  Barthez  for  the  vesi- 
cular pneumonia  of  children. 

Bronchitis,  Catarrh — b.  Asthenica,  Peripneu- 
monia notha  —  b.  Capillary,  see  Bronchitis  —  b. 
Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Membranacea,  Polypus 
bronchialis — b.  Plastic,  Polypus  bronchialis — 
b.  Pseudomembranous,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  b. 
Summer,  Fever,  hay  —  b.  Vesicular,  see  Bron- 
chitis. 

BRONCHIUS,  Sterno-thyroideus. 

BROXCIILEMMITIS,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHOCACE,  Peripneumonia  notha— b. 
Infantilis,  see  Bronchitis. 

BRONCHO-CATARRHUS,  Catarrh. 

BRONCHOCE'LR,  from  froyxos,  'a  bronchus,' 
and  ktjXtj,  *  tumour/  An  inaccurate  name  for  the 
affection  which  is  called,  also,  Bo'chium,  Botium, 
Hernia  gut'turif,  Guttur  tu'midum  aexiglobo'eum, 
Trachelophy'ma,  Hernia  guttura'lis,  Thyrocc'li, 
Thyreoce'le,  Tracheocele,  Thyremphrax'i;  Thy- 
reophrax'ia,  Thyreon'cxu,  Thyron'cun,  Deiron'- 
cut,  Deron'cua,  Thyrophrax'ia,  Goteum,  Oo'tium, 
Excchcbron'chus,  Gongro'na,  Struma,  Giant,  Bo'- 
cium,  Her'nia  bronchia'lie,  Tracheloce'li,  Tuber 
gutturo'mtm,  Gutte'ria,  Ac,  the  Derbyshire  neck, 
Swelled  neck,  Wen,  Goitre,  Ac,  (F.)  Goitre,  Gou- 
Itre,  Hypertrophic  du  Corp*  Thyrdide,  Grosse 
Gorge,  Groe  Cou.  This  is  no  rupture,  but  con- 
sists of  an  enlargement  of  the  thyroid  gland.  It 
is  common  at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains  in 
every  part  of  the  world ;  and  has  been  supposed 
to  be  owing  to  the  drinking  of  snow-water,  but 
it  occurs  where  there  is  no  snow.  The  tumour 
is  sometimes  very  extensive.  Iodine  has  great 
power  over  it,  and  will  generally  occasion  its 
absorption,  when  the  case  has  not  been  of  such 
duration  as  to  have  ended  in  a  cartilaginous  con- 
dition. 

BRONCHOCEPHALITIS,  Pertussis. 

BROXCHOPARALYSIS,  Asthma. 

BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance. 

BRONCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronchoplat'ticiu,  from 
Ppoyxos,  '  a  bronchus/  and  vlaveu,  *  I  form/  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fistula 
in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,  from  fyoyxos,  'a 
bronohus/  and  Pneumonia,  Inflammation  of  the 
bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.)  BronchorrhSe,  Ca- 
tarrh* pituiteux,  Phleamorrhagie  pulmonaire, 
Flux  bronchique,  from  PfoyX0^  *  bronchus/  and 
fee.  '  I  flow/  An  increased  secretion  of  mucus 
from  the  air  passages,  accompanied  or  not  by  in- 
flammation :  —  a  gleet,  as  it  were,  of  the  pulmo- 
nary mucous  membrane. 


Bronchorrhcea  Acuta,  Bronchitis  (chronic) 

BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRONCHOTOME,  Broncho?  omue,  from  0p*y- 
Xot,  and  Ttpvciv,  *  to  cut.'  A  kind  of  lancet,  with 
a  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  on  a  handle, 
and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passes  in  along  with 
it,  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  opening  made 
in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHOT'OMY,  Bronchotom'ia,  (V.)Bron- 
chotomie.  Same  etymology.  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  making  an  opening  either 
into  the  trachea,  ( Tracheot'otny :)  into  the  larynx, 
(Laryngot'omy  :)  or  into  both,  ( Tracheo-laryngot'- 
omy,)  to  extract  foreign  bodies  or  to  permit  the 
passage  of  air  to  the  lungs.  These  different  parts 
are  divided  transversely  or  vertically,  according 
to  circumstances. 

BRONCHUS,  see  Bronchia.    Trachea. 

BROOKLIME,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

BROOM,  Sophora  tinctoria,  Spartium  scopa- 
rium — b.  Butcher's,  Ruscus — b.  Clover,  Sophora 
tinctoria — b.  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria — b.  Rape, 
of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginiana — b.  Spanish, 
Spartium  junceum — b.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

BROSSADlfeRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Brossardicre  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonates  of  iron 
and  lime,  chlorido  of  sodium!  and  sulphate  of 
lime.     They  are  aperient. 

BROSSE,  Brush. 

BROTH,  CHICKEN,  see  Chicken  Broth. 

Broth,  Vegetable.  Take  two  potatoes,  a  car* 
rot,  and  an  onion,  all  cut  fine ;  boil  in  a  quart  of 
water  for  an  hour,  adding  more  water  from  time 
to  time,  so  as  to  keep  the  original  quantity ;  fla- 
vour with  salt,  and  a  small  quantity  of  potherb*  / 
strain.  A  little  mushroom  catchup  improves  the 
flavour. 

BROUTLLARD,  Caligo. 

BROUS'SAIST.  One  who  is  a  believer  in,  and 
professor  of,  the  physiological  and  pathological 
opinions  of  Broussais.  The  system  itself  was 
called  BroussaIsm,  or  the  Physiological  Doc- 
trine. 

BROW,  Front— b.  Ague,  Neuralgia  frontalis. ! 

BROWN  RED,  Colcothar. 

BftOWN'IAN,  Brovmo'nian,  Bruno' nian.  Re- 
lating to  the  system  or  opinions  of  John  Brown. 

BROWNISM,  Bru'nonum,  Bruno' nianiim. 
The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,  Brovmo'nian,  Bruno' nian,  A 
follower  of  the  system  of  Brown. 

BRU'CEA  ANTI-DYSENTER1CA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B.  ferru- 
gin'ea,  Angustu'ra  epu'ria,  (F.)  Fansse  Augue- 
ture,  A.  FerrugineuMe.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  whence  was  obtained — it  was  supposed 
— false  Anguetura  or  false  Cueparia  Bark.  It 
is  really  the  bark  of  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

BRUCIA,  Brucine. 

BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruci'na,  Brucx'num, 
Bru'cium,  Peeudangwturi'num,  Canirami'nutn, 
Yom'icine.  An  organic,  salifiable  base,  disco- 
vered in  the  false  angustura — Brucea  anti-dy- 
•enter' ica,  and  obtained  from  Strychnos  nux  vom'- 
ica.  It  is  of  a  pearly  white ;  crystallizes  in  oblique 
prisms  with  a  parallelogrammatie  base ;  is  very 
bitter,  slightly  acrid  and  styptic,  and  soluble  in 
water,  but  more  so  in  alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less 
active  poison  than  strychnia.  It  resembles  it, 
however,  and  may  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  it 
and  for  the  extract  of  nux  vomica.  Dose,  half  a 
grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  ear* 
bonio  acid  and  iron. 

BRUCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OK 
Brueourt  is  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen, 


BRUISE 


149 


BRUSH 


la  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda,  much 
sulphate  of  lime,  Ac. 

BRUISE,  Contusion. 

BRUISE  ROOT,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

BRUISE  WORT,  Belli*  saponaria. 

BR  UISSEMENT,  ( F. )  Frem'itu*.  This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  as  Bourdonne- 
ment,  as  well  as  Bruit. 

BRUIT,  (F.)  'Sound/  A  French  term,  ap- 
plied to  various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and 
auscultation,  viz. 

BRUIT  BE  CRAQUEMENT,  B.de  Tiraille- 
ment,  Bruit  de  cuir  neuf,  '  sound  of  crackling,  or 
bursting,  or  of  new  leather/  A  sound  produced 
by  the  friction  of  the  pericardium,  when  dried 
and  roughened  by  inflammation. 

BRUIT DU  CCEUR  POSTAL,  Battemen*  dou- 
ble*; Double  bruit  du  Ctxur  du  Fcttu*.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  foetal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  latter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  BE  CUIR  NEUF,  Bruit  de  craque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  DIABLE,  Ronflement  du  Diable, 
Bruit  de  muffle  d  double  eourant,  *  noise  of  the 
diable  or  humming-top/  Venous  hum.  A  high 
degree  of  Bruit  de  toufflet,  heard  on  auscultating 
the  arteries  or  veins — probably  the  latter — of  the 
neck  in  chlorosis.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
■late  of  the  blood. 

BRUIT  DOUBLE  DU  CCEUR  DU  FCETUS, 
Bruit  du  Caeur/cetal — b.  de  Fr6lement,  see  Fr6le- 
tnent. 

BRUIT  DE  FROISSEMENT  PULMO- 
NAIRE,  see  Froissemcnt  pulmonaire. 

BRUIT  DE  FR6LEMENT  P^RICAR- 
DIQ  UE,  see  FrSlement  pericardique. 

BRUIT  BE  FROTTEMENT  ASCENDANT 
ET  DESCENDANT,  'Sound  of  friction  of  ascent 
and  descent'  Sounds  produced  by  the  rubbing  of 
the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest,  as  it 
rises  and  falls  during  inspiration  and  expiration. 
They  are  distinctly  heard  in  pleuritis,  when  the 
pleura  has  become  roughened  by  the  disease. 
Friction  founds,  Rubbing  tound*,  To -and -fro 
eound*  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  perito- 
nitis. 

BRUIT  HUMORIQUE,  B.  Hydropneuma- 
tique.  Tho  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when 
organs  are  filled  with  liquid  and  air. 

BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit 
humon'que. 

BRUIT  DE  MOUCHE  (F.),  'fly  sound/  A 
sound  analogous  to  the  Bruit  de  diable — so  called 
from  its  likeness  to  the  buzzing  of  a  fly : — heard 
on  auscultating  the  neck  in  chlorotio  cases. 

BRUIT  JIUSCULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called,  also, 
Bruit  rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  distant 
wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL,  Sifflement  moduli. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCHEMIN.  'Parchment 
tone/  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to  be 
produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the  valves 
of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  PLACENTAIRE,  B.  de  *oufflet  pla- 
centaire, B.  uttrin,  Souffle  utirin,  Souffle  placen- 
taire,  Placental  bellow**  *ound,  Utcro-placen'tal 
murmur,  Uterine  murmur.  The  bellows*  sound 
heard  on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  pla- 
centa in  a  pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  owing  to  the  placental  vessels :  but  to  the 
uterine  tumour  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels 
of  the  mother. 

BRUIT  DE  POT  FELE;  'Sound  of  a  cracked 


vessel/  This  sound  is  heard  on  percussion,  whsa 
a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled  with  air,  and  has  a 
narrow  outlet. 

BRUIT  DE  RACLEMENT,  'Sound  of  scra- 
ping/ A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of  hard, 
solid  membranes,  as  the  pericardium,  against  each 
other. 

BRUIT  DE  RAPE,  'Sound  of  a  rasp/  A 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either  the 
auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant;  and  the 
contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged  than 
natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and— as  it 
were — stifled  sound. 

It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  orifices 
by  cartilaginous  deposits,  or  ossification,  and  is 
better  heard  near  the  apex  of  the  heart,  if  ths 
auriculo- ventricular  valves  be  concerned, — near 
the  base  if  the  semilunar  valves  be  the  seat  of  the 
disease. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit  mueculaire. 

BRUIT  DE  SCIE,  or  'saw-sound/  and  Bruit 
de  lime  1  bois,  or  'file-sound/  resemble  the  Bruit 
de  Rape. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  2  DOUBLE  GOV- 
RANT,  Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Souffle, 
'  bellows'  sound/  '  blowing  sound/  A  sound  like 
that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the  ear 
applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction  of  the 
ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.  It  coexists 
with  affections  of  the  heart,  but  is  heard,  also, 
without  any  disease  in  that  organ, — whenever, 
indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed.  An  Enccphalio 
bellow*'  sound,  has  been  described  by  Drs.  Fisher 
and  Whitney.  It  is  heard  on  applying  the  ear 
to  the  occiput  or  to  the  top  of  the  head ;  and  is 
considered  to  indicate  turgescence  of  vessels,  or 
inflammation.  When  such  turgescence  exists, 
the  vessels  are  compressed,  and  the  compression 
gives  rise  to  the  sound  in  question. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET  PLACENTAIRE, 
Bruit  placentaire — b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de 
craquement. 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS.  'Sound  of  Taf- 
feta/ '  Sarcenet  *ound.f  A  respiratory  sound1,  so 
named,  by  M.  Grisolle,  from  its  resembling  the 
sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of  taffeta; 
and  which  he  considers  to  indicate  hepatization 
of  the  lung,  limited  to  the  surface,  in  pneumonia. 

BRUIT  TYMPANIQUE,  'Tympanic  Bound/ 
The  clear  sound  afforded  by  percussing  tho  sto- 
mach and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BRUIT  UTIRIN,  B. placentaire. 

BRULURE,  Burn. 

BRUNELLE,  Prunella. 

BRUNNER'S  GLANDS,  Brunneri  Glan'dula, 
GlanduliB  *olita'ria,  Solitary  gland*,  Solitary 
follicle*,  Second  pan'crea*.  Compound  muci- 
parous follicles,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  duodenum ; 
so  caMfcd  from  their  discovery  having  been  gene- 
rally attributed  to  Brunner.  The  solitary  intes- 
tinal follicles  arc  often  known,  at  the  present 
day,  as  the  glands  of  Brunner,  although  Brunner 
restricted  the  latter  term  to  the  glands  of  the 
duodenum. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNOMANISM,  Brownism. 

BRUNUS,  Erysipelas. 

BRUSCUS,  Ruscus. 

BRUSH,  Scop'uia,  (F.)  Bro**e.  A  well  known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  for  the  fol- 
lowing purposes.  1.  To  clean  the  teeth.  2.  To 
remove  the  saw-dust  which  adheres  to  the  teeth 
of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation  of  trephin- 
ing. 3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the  body,  for  the 
purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and  favouring  trans- 


BEUTA 


150 


BUBONULTJS 


ptration.  Westring,  a  Swedish  physician,  has 
recommended  metallic  brushes  for  the  purpose 
of  conveying  galvanism  to  a  part  These  brushes 
consist  of  a  plate  of  ebony  fitted  to  another  of 
gold,  in  which  threads  of  the  same  metal  are 
fixed; — the  brush  being  connected  with  one  of 
the  poles  of  the  galvanic  pile. 

Brush,  Stomach,  Excutia  ventriculi. 

BRUT  A,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRU'TIA.  A  sort  of  thick  pitch,  obtained 
from  Brutia,  in  Italy.  Prom  Pix  Brutia  was 
obtained  the  O'leum  Pici'num. 

Brutia,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,  Terebinthina. 

BRUXANELI.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark  and 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and  are 
astringent  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its  juice, 
mixed  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils.  Its  bark  is 
esteemed  to  be  diuretic,  and  its  roots  anti-arthritic. 

BRUYERE  VULGAIRE,  Erica  vulgaris. 

BRUYERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruyercs  is  a  small  village,  7£  leagues  from 
Lunevillc.  The  waters  are  acidulous  and  chaly- 
beate. 

BRYCETOS,  see  Algidus. 

BRYCHETIIMOS,  Rugitus. 

BRYCHETOS,  see  Algidus. 

BRYGMA,  Brygmue,  TrisU,  Prieie,  Priemue, 
Odontoprisis,  Stridor  Den'tium,  (F.)  Grincement 
dee  Dents.  Grinding  of  the  teeth.  A  common 
symptom,  in  children,  of  gastric  or  other  derange- 
ment, but  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason 
to  suspect  any. 

BRYO'NIA  AFRICA'NA.  A  South  African 
remedy,  common  amongst  the  Hottentots,  which, 
in  the  form  of  decoction,  acts  simultaneously  as 
an  emetic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  by 
the  natives  in  cutaneous  diseases,  dropsy,  and 
syphilis.  The  tincture  is  a  powerful  einetio  and 
cathartic. — Thun  berg. 

BRYO'NIA  ALBA;  White  Bry'ony,  VitU 
alba  sylves'tris,  Agroe'tie,  Agriam' peloe,  Am'peloe 
a'gria,  Archeot'trie,  Echetro'eie,  Bryo'nia  as'pera, 
Ccdros'tie,  Chelido'nium,  Labrue'ea,  Melo' thrum, 
Ophrostaph'ylon,  P silo' thrum,  Bryonia  Dioi'ca. 
Nat.  Ord.  6ucurbitaoesB.  Sex.  &y$t.  Moncecia 
Monadelphia.  (F.)  Couleuvrie,  Vigne  vierge,  V. 
blanche.  The  root  is  large  and  succulent,  and 
has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable  taste.  It 
is  a  drastic  cathartic.  Externally,  it  has  been 
applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  gout  When 
repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  obtained 
from  it  The  active  principle  has  been  separated 
from  it,  and  called  Bry'onine. 

Bryonia  Mechoacanna  Nigricans,  Convol- 
tuIus  jalapa — b.  Peruviana,  Convolvulus  jalapa, 

BRYONINE,  see  Bryonia  alba. 

BRYONY,  WILD,  Sycios  angulatua. 

BRYTIA,  Marc  of  grapes. 

BRYTON,  Cerevisia. 

BU,  (3ov,  abbreviation  of  0ov*  'an  ox;'  ia com- 
position expresses,  'excess,  greatness.'     Hence 
Bulimue,  Buphthal'mia,  Ac 
BUBASTECORDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  Qovfav,  Pano'ehia,  Panue  inguina'lis, 
Adenophy'ma  inguina'lis,  Bubonopa'nue,  Bubo- 
non'cus,  Bubon' cus,  Oambu'ea,  Angus,  Bonbon, 
Codoce'U,  Codoecel'la,  (F.)  Bubon,  Poulain.  In 
the  works  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  this  word 
sometimes  signifies  the  groin — Tnguen;  at  others, 
the  inguinal  glands ;  and  at  others,  again,  swell- 
ing or  inflammation  of  these  parts.  The  moderns 
Apply  the  term  to  an  inflammatory  tumour  seated 
in  the  groin  or  axilla,  and  they  generally  distin- 

Eiish,  1.  Simple  or  Sympathetic  Bubo,  which  is 
dependent  of  any  virus  in  the  economy.     2. 


Venereal  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  vtnerien,  which  is  oc- 
casioned by  the  venereal  virus.  3.  Pestilential 
Bubo,  or  B.  symptomatic  of  the  Plague.  The  last 
two  have  by  some  been  called  malignant  Bubo, 
(F.)  Bubon  ma  I  in. 

Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primitif,  shows  it- 
self with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis :  the  con- 
secutive not  till  afterwards. 

BUB  OX,  Bubo,  Inguen — b.  Gummiferum,  see 
Ammoniac  gum. 

BUBON  VEMBLEE,  (F.)  An  enlargement 
and  suppuration  of  one  or  more  of  the  inguinal 
glands,  not  preceded  by  any  other  of  the  more 
common  forms  of  venereal  disease,  nor  by  any 
other  syphilitic  symptom. 

Bubon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name 
of  a  plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford 
galbanum;  Meto'pion,  Mato'rium.  The  plant  is 
also  called  Fer'ula  Africa'na,  Oreostli'num  Afri- 
ca'num,  Ani'tum  frutico'sum  galbauif'erum,  Ani- 
sum  Africa' num  frutet'eens,  Seli'nwn  Galbanum, 
Agasyll'is  gal'banum,  The  long-leaved  or  lovage- 
leaved  Gal'banum.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbcllifera.  The 
plant  can  scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to  be 
determined.  Galbanum  is  the  gummi-resinona 
juice.  Its  odour  is  fetid,  and  taste  bitter  and 
acrid :  the  agglutinated  tears  are  of  a  white  co- 
lour, on  a  ground  of  reddish-brown.  It  forms  an 
emulsion,  when  triturated  with  water,  and  is  solu- 
ble in  proof  spirits  of  wine,  and  vinegar :  8.  g. 
1.212.  It  has  been  given  as  an  antispasmodic, 
and  expoctorant,  in  pill  or  emulsion.  Dose,  from 
gr.  10  to  60.  Externally,  it  is  applied  as  a  cata- 
plasm. 

Bubon  galbanum  is  a  South  African  plant;  and 
is  reputed  to  be  an  excellent  diuretic,  under  the 
name  of  Wild  Celery.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves 
is  given  in  dropsy  and  gravel.  According  to 
Pappe,  the  resinous  matter,  which  exudes  from 
the  stem,  differs  in  appearance,  smell,  and  in 
every  respect,  from  Gummi  Galbanum. 

Bubon  Macedon'icum,  Athaman'ta  Macedon'- 
ica,  Petroseli'num  Macedon'icum,  A'pium  petra'- 
urn,  Petra'pium,  (F.)  Pertil  de  Jfacidoine,  Aface~ 
do'nian  Parsley.  Its  properties  are  similar  to 
those  of  common  parsley,  but  weaker  and  leu 
grateful.  The  seeds  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
celebrated  compounds,  Mithridate  and  Theriac 

BUBONA,  Nipple. 

BUBON ALGIA,  from /Jou/Sw*,  *  the  groin/  and 
akyost  *  pain.1    Pain  in  the  groin. 

BUBONCUS,  Bubo. 

BUBO'NIUM,  Aster  At' ticus,  Golden  Starvort. 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  efficacious  in 
diseases  of  the  groin,  from  povfiuv,  *  the  groin.' 

BUBONOCE'LE,  from  fiovfav,  'the  groin/ and 
xqXn,  'tumour/  'rupture.'  Her'nia  inguina'lie, 
(F.)  Hemic  inguinale,  In'guinal  Hernia,  or  Rtip- 
ture  of  the  Grt$:n.  Some  surgeons  have  confined 
this  term  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the  groin, 
and  have  called  the  same  affection,  when  it  has 
descended  to  the  scrotum,  Oscheocele,  or  Scrotal 
Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring :  and,  in  consequence  of  the  greater 
rise  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  it  if  more  fre- 
quent in  the  male  sex. 

BUBONONCUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOPANUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOREX'IS,  from  fafar,  'the  groin/ 
and  pi7(if,  'a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubo- 
nocele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the 
peritoneum,  or  when,  in  other  words,  it  is  devoid 
of  a  sac 

BUBON'ULUS,  Buhm'culu*.  A  diminutive 
of  Bubo.  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics 
of  the  penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  of  that 
organ  to  the  groin.  It  is  an  occasional  i 
paniment  of  gonorrhoea* 


BUBUKLE 


151 


BULBUS 


BUBtTKLE.  A  word  used  by  Shakspeare  for 
a  red  pimple  on  the  nose. 

BUBUNCULUS,  Bubonulus. 

BUCAROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BUCCA,  Gnat  hot.  The  mouth.  The  cheek 
and  hollow  of  the  cheek.    Also,  the  vulva. 

BUCCAC'RATON,  from  Bueca,  and  «paw,  'I 
mix.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine,  which 
served  of  old  for  a  breakfast — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Bueca'li*,  from  Bucca,  '  the  mouth/ 
or  rather  '  the  check.'  That  which  concerns  the 
month,  and  especially  the  cheek. 

Buccal  Artery,  A.  Sat -maxilla  ire,  (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalit  profunda  an- 
tica,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal  mem- 
brane. 

Buccal  Glatos,  Molar  Gland*.  Mucous  fol- 
licles, seated  in  the  buccal  membrane,  opposite 
the  molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour, 
whieh  mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the 
mouth. 

Buccal  Membraye,  (F.)  Membrane  Buccal*. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Nerve,  or  Buccinaftor  Nerve,  Bucco- 
labial^-(Ch.,)  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary. It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and 
especially  to  the  buccinator  muscle. 

Buccal  Vein  follows  the  artery. 

BUC'CE  A,  Buecel'la.  The  fleshy  excrescence 
of  nasal  polypus,  so  called  because  it  was  believed 
to  proceed  from  the  mouth.—  Paracelsus.  Also, 
a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON,  BucceWtu*.  A  loaf-shaped 
cathartic  medicine j  made  chiefly  of  scammony. 
— Ae'tius,  Paulus  of  JSgina. 

BUCCELLA'TIO.  A  mode  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage, by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the  bleed- 
ing vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 

BUCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 

BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound 
the  trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor  Muscle,  Retrac'- 
ior  An'guli  0n»,  Bucco-Alviolo-maxillaire,  Ahi- 
olo -labial  —  (Ch.,)  Maneo'riu*,  is  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks.  It  extends  between  the 
posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar  arches  of  the 
two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  draws  backward.  It  assists  in  mastication,  by 
pushing  the  food  back  towards  the  teeth ;  and, 
if  the  cheeks  be  distended  by  air,  its  contrac- 
tion forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed.  . 

BUCCO-ALVEOLO-MAXILLAIRE,  Bucci- 
nator. 

BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 

BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL,  Bucco-Pharynge'- 
«#,  (F.)  Bucco-Pharyngien.  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-pharynge'al 
Aponeuro'ei*  or  Intermax'illary  Lig'ament,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveolar 
arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to  the 
buccinator,  -and,  posteriorly,  to  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  superior. 

BCC'CULA,  from  Bunco,  'the  mouth.'  A 
small  moutlf.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the  chin. 
— Bartholin  e. 

BUCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum —  b.  Foenum 
GrsBcnm,  Trigonella  foenum  Grocum. 

BUCHU,  Diosma  crenata — b.  Leaves,  Diosma 
crenata. 

BUCKBEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliate— b.  Ame- 
rican, Menyanthes  verna. 

BUCKBERRY,  Vaccinium  stamineum. 

BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 


BUCKEYE,  JEsculus  hippocastanum. 

BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhamnns. 

BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  —  b» 
Plant,  eastern,  Polygonum  divaricatum. 

BUCNEMIA,  see  Elephantiasis  —  b.  Tropica, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Coriuin  phlogis- 
ticum. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticuio. 

BUG,  (BED,)  Cimex. 

BUGANTIA,  Chilblain. 

BUG'GERY,  Sod'omy,  Sodom'ia,  Co'itu*  So- 
domit'icvs,  (I.)  Bugarone.  Said  to  havo  been 
introduced  by  the  Bulgarians.  A  carnal  copula- 
tion against  nature,  as  of  a  man  or  woman  with 
any  animal ;  or  of  a  man  with  a  man,  or  a  man 
unnaturally  with  a  woman.  The  unnatural 
crime. 

BUGLE,  Prunella — b.  Common,  Ajuga  rep- 
tans — b.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga — b.  Rampante,  Aju- 
ga reptans  —  b.  Water,  Lycopus  Virginious  —  b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUG  LOSE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSS,  DYER'S,  Anchusa  tinctoria— b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 

BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM  MAJU8, 
Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Latifolium,  Borago  offici- 
nalis —  b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Syl- 
vestris,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Tine  to  rum,  An- 
chusa tinctoria  —  b.  Verum,  Boracio  acid  —  b. 
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGRANDE  iPINEUSE,  Ononis  spinosa. 

BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  dee  Champ*, 
Ononis  arvensis. 

BUGULA,  Ajuga — b.  Chamsepitys,  Teucrium 
chanucpitys  —  b.  Pyramidalis,  Ajuga — b.  Rep- 
tans, Ajuga  reptans. 

BUI 8,  Buxus. 

BUISARD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leagues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  calcium 
and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Bulbu*,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resemble, 
in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb  of  the 
Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  tho  Aorta.  Bulb  of  a 
Tooth;  the  vascular  and  nervous  papilla  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The  Bulb  or 
Root  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the  hair 
originates.  The  Bulb  of  the  Urethra  is  tho 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpu*  *pongio*\im  towards  the  root  of 
the  penis.  We  say,  also,  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of 
the  eye. 

Bulb  or  the  Eye,  see  Eye — b.  of  the  Female, 
Bulbus  vestibuli —  b.  Rachidian,  see  Medulla 
oblongata. 

BULBE,  Bulb— b.  du  Vagin,  Bulbus  vestibuli 
—  b.  de  la  Voute  d  troi*  Pilicr*,  Mamillary  tu- 
bercles. 

BULBI  FORNICIS,  Mamillary  tubercles— b. 
Priorum  Crurum  Fornicis,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBOCASTANEUM,  Bunium bulbocas- 
tanum. 

BULBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urines— 
b.  Syndetmo-caverneur,  Accelerator  urines  —  6. 
Urithraf,  Accelerator  urines. 

BULBOCODIUM,  Narcissus  pseudonaroissus. 

BULBONACH,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

BULBUS,  Bulb. 

Bulbus  Esculen'tub.  The  Ee'culent  Bulb: 
a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the  an- 
cients. It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Cepa 
Aicalon'tca. — Dioscorides,  Celsus,  Pliny,  Ac 


BULESIS 


152 


BURS.fi  MUCOSAE 


Bulbus  Glaxdulosus,  Proventriculus  —  b. 
Oculi,  Bee  Eye  — b.  Olfactorius,  see  Olfactory 
Nerves  —  b.  Pili,  see  Hair  —  b.  Rachidicus,  see 
Medulla  oblongata — b.  Vaginae,  B.  vestibulL 

Bulbus  Vestib'uli,  B.  Vagi'na,  Plexue  reti- 
form'ie,  Crura  clitor'idU  inter' na,  Bulb  or  Semi- 
bulb  of  the  Female,  (F.)  Bulbe  du  Vagin.  A  close- 
packed  plexus  of  intricately  anastomosing  veins, 
inclosed  in  a  fibrous  investment,  —  being  an  im- 
mediate continuation  and  extension  of  the  part 
intermedia,  and  occupying  the  space  between  the 
beginning  or  vestibule  of  the  vagina  and  the 
rami  of  the  pubic  arch.  It  is  regarded  by  Louth, 
Taylor,  Morgagni  and  Kobclt  as  the  analogue 
of  the  male  bulb. 

Bulbus  Vomito'rius.  A  plant,  said  byDios- 
corides  to  be  emetic  and  diuretic.  It  is  the 
Musk-grape  fiotcer,  according  to  Ray, — the  Hya- 
einthua  Muacari. 

BULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BULGA,  Vulva. 

BULIMIA,  Bouiimia. 

BU'LITHOS,  from  Qovs,  'an  ox/  and  Ai$of, 
'  a  stone.'  A  bezoar  or  stono,  found  in  the  kid- 
neys, gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox 
or  cow. 

BULLA,  (F.)  Bulle.  A  Bleb.  A  portion  of 
the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by  the  inter- 
position of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid.  It  forms 
the  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Bateman's  arrange- 
ment of  outaneous  diseases,  and  includes  erysi- 
pelas, pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.  By  some, 
Bulla  has  been  used  synonymously  with  Pem- 
phigua.     See,  also,  Hydatid. 

BULLACE  PLUM,  Prunus  invitia. 

BULLAE  ROTUNDA  CERVICIS  UTERI, 
Nabothi  glanduto. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BUMELXIA,  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUNA,  Coffea  Arabica, 

BUNDURH,  Corylus  avellana. 

BUNIAS,  Brassica  napus. 

BU'NIOID,  BunioVdea,  Na'pi/ortn;  from  0<w- 
mov,  'a  turnip,'  and  tt8os,  'resemblance.'  An 
epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer,  bearing  some  resem- 
blance to  a  turnip. 

BUNION,  Bunyon. 

BUNI'TES  VINUM.  A  wine,  made  by  in- 
fusing the  Bunium  in  must  It  is  stomachic,  but 
scarcely  ever  used. 

BUNIUM,  Carvi,  Carum. 

Bu'nium  Bulbocas'tawum,  fiovviov,  so 
called,  it  has  been  supposed,  from  growing  on 
hills,  from  (Sovvos,  'a  hill.'  Balanocaa'tanum, 
Bu'nium  minus,  Sium  bulbocaatanum,  Scandex 
bulbocaatanum,  Carum  bulbocaatanum.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  a  plant,  whose  root  is  called 
Pig-nut,  Agriocaa'tannm,  Nu'cula  terrea'trie,  Bul- 
bocas'tanum  majxui  et  minus,  Earth-nut,  Haxck- 
nut,  Kipper-nut,  (F.)  Terre-noix.  The  root  is 
tuberous,  and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.  It  has 
been  supposed  to  be  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is 
not  employed  in  medicine. 

BUNNIAN,  Bunyon. 

BUN'YON,  £im'«bii,  Bun'nian,  from  P*vvo<, 
'an  eminence.'  (? )  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  mucosa  at  the  inside  of 
the  ball  of  the  great  toe. 

BUOPHTHALMIA,  Bnphthalmia. 

BUPEINA,  Bouiimia. 

BUPHTHALMI  HERBA,  Anthemis  tinetoria. 

BUPHTHAL'MIA,  BuophthaVmia,  BuphthaV- 
tJio*,  EUphantom'tna,  from  /far;,  'an  ox,'  and  <xf>- 
SaXfiot,  'an  eye.'  Ox-eye.  Under  this  name, 
the  generality  of  authors  have  designated  the 
first  stage  of  nydrophthalinia.  Others,  with  Sa- 
batier,  mean,  by  it,  turgescence  of  the  vitreous 


humour,  which,  by  pushing  the  iris  forwards, 
forms  around  the  crystalline  a  Bort  of  border 

BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum  —  b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

BUPIITHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Semper- 
vivuin  tectorum. 

BUPINA,  Bouiimia. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurum  rotund  ifolium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu- 
pleu'ron,  BupleuroVdee,  from  pov,  augmentative, 
and  wXevpov,  'side,'  (F.)  Buptevre,  PercefeuilU, 
Round-leaved  Hare* e  Ear,  Thorotncax.  The  herb 
and  seeds  are  slightly  aromatic.  It  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  curing  ruptures,  being  made  into 
a  cataplasm  with  wine  and  oatmeaL 

BUPL&VRE,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

BUR  AC.  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt 
(Arabic.) 

BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa— b.  Lesser,  Xan- 
thinm — b.  Prairie,  Silphium  terebinthaceum. 

BURIAL  ALIVE,  ZoothapsU. 

BURIS,  Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 

BURN.  Sax.  beiman  or  by r nan,  '  to  burn  or 
bren.'  Ue'tio,  Ambne'tio,  Adua'tio,  Trcsie  Caxteie, 
Erythe'ma  Ambue'tio,  Caueie,  Eneau'aia,  Pyri- 
caue'tum,  Combuetu'ra,  Catacan'ma,  Combua'tio, 
(F.)  Brulure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action 
of  too  great  heat  on  the  body.  Burns  are  of 
greater  or  less  extent,  from  the  simple  irritation 
of  the  integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of 
the  part  The  consequences  are  more  or  less 
severe,  according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies, — at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required;  at  others,  one 
more  stimulating. 

BURNEA,  Bee  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana- 
densis. 

BURNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID.  A 
solution  of  chloride  of  zinc,  first  used  by  Sir 
William  Burnett  for  preserving  timber,  canvass, 
Ac,  from  dry  rot,  mildew,  Ac.,  and  afterwards 
as  an  antibromic  and  antiseptic,  especially  in  the 
case  of  dead  bodies. 

BURNING,  Brenning.  A  disease  mentioned 
by  old  historians,  from  which  authors  have  un- 
successfully endeavoured  to  demonstrate  the  an- 
tiquity of  syphilis. — Parr. 

BURNING  OF  THE  FEET,  see  Feet,  burn- 
ing of  the. 

BURNT  HOLES.  A  variety  of  rupia,  popu- 
larly known  in  Ireland  under  this  name;  and  not 
unfrequent  there  amongst  the  ill-fed  children  of 
the  poor. 

BUR-REED,  GREAT,  Sparganium  ramosum. 

BURRni  SPIR'ITUS  MATRICA'LIS.  The 
Spirit  of  Burrhua  for  diseases  of  the  Womb.  It 
is  prepared  by  digesting,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  olibanura,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave  fre- 
quently prescribed  it 

BURSA  CORDIS,  Pericardium— b.  Pastoris, 
Thlaepi  bursa — b.  T ostium,  Scrotum — b.  Virilis, 
Scrotum. 

BURS.fi  MUCO'S^fi,  Bursa  muco'ac*  veaicu- 
la'ree,  Burses  sen  Cap'anUa  ay  noma' let,  Blenno- 
cys' tides,  Sacci  mueo'ai,  VeaVccB  unguiuo'aa  ten'- 
dinum,  Vagi'na  Synovia' lea,  Synovial  Crypt*  or 
Follicles,  (F.)  Bourses  Synotfialea.  Small  mem- 
branous sacs,  situate  about  the  joints,  particularly 
about  the  large  ones  of  the  upper  and  lower  ex- 
tremities, and,  for  the  most  part  lying  under  the 
tendons.  They  are  naturally  filled  with  an  oily 
kind  of  fluid,  the  use  of  which  is  to  lubricate  sur- 


BURSAL 


153 


BYTH08 


feces  orer  which  the  tendons  play.  In  conse- 
quence of  bruises  or  sprains,  this  fluid  sometimes 
collects  to  a  great  extent.  The  bursas  are,  gene- 
rally, either  of  a  roundish  or  oval  form,  and  they 
have  been  arranged  under  two  classes,  the  sphe- 
rical and  the  vaginal. 

Bursjs  Syxoviales,  Bursas  mucosas. 

BURSAL,  Bursa'lis.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  bursas, — as  a  '  bursal  tumour/ 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSBRA  ACUMINATA,  B.  gummifera, 

Burse'ra  Gummif'era,  B.  acuminata,  Tere- 
binth'  us  gnmm  if  era,  Jamaica  Bark  Tree.  A  resin 
exudes  from  this  tree,  which,  as  met  with  in  the 
■hops,  is  solid  externally ;  softish  internally ;  of 
a  vitreous  fracturo;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yellow 
colour;  turpentine  smell,  and  sweet,  perfumed 
taste.  It  has  been  used  like  balsams  and  tur- 
pentines in  general,  and  is  called,  by  the  French, 
Cachibou,  ChiboUj  and  Resine  de  Gomart. 

BURST,  Hernia,  Hernial. 

BURSTEN,  see  Hernial. 

B URSULA,  Scrotum. 

BURTHISTLE,  Xanthium. 

BURWEED,  Xanthium. 

BURWORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUSSANG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bus- 
■ang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Yosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeatcs. 

BUSSEROLLE,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS  BEZOAR'TICUS,  Be- 
aoar'dic  Spirit  of  Bussiue.  A  preparation,  re- 
garded as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic; 
obtained  by  distilling  Bubcarbonate  and  muriate 
of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or  juniper,  do. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  18  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and  equa- 
ble, but  rather  moiBt;  and,  as  a  winter  residence, 
It  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only  that  ap- 
pear to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. The  climate  resembles,  in  character, 
that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France,  and 
the  Channel  islands ;  although  its  temperature  is 
lower. 

BU'TEA  FRONDO'SA,  Erythri'na  monosptr*- 
ma,  Rudolph' ia  frondo'sa,  see  Kino.  A  tree, 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous  parts 
of  India ;  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosss ;  from  which 
aum  butea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this  gum  to 
be  identical  with  a  specimen  marked  gummi  ru- 
brum  astringent — the  gomme  astringents  de  Gam- 
bie  of  M.  Guibourt  By  some,  this  gum  has  been 
confounded  with  kino. 

BUTIGA,  Gutta  rosea. 

BUTOMON,  Iris  pseudacorua. 

BUTTER,  from  Povrvpov;  itself  from  0ovt,  'ox,' 
and  rvpos,  'any  thing  coagulated/  Buty'rum, 
Piee'rion,  (F.)  Beurre.  A  sort  of  concrete  oil, 
obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of  the 
mammalia;  especially  by  the  cow  and  the  goat. 
Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst  the  rancid 
is  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists  gave  the 
name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic  chlorides. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegetable  substances, 
which  resemble,  in  some  respects,  the  butter  ob- 
tained from  milk. 

Butter  of  Bajcbouo  or  Baxbuc,  (F.)  Beurre 
de  Bambono  ou  Bambuk,    A  vegetable  oil  ob- 


tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  la 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatisms!  pains. 

B otter  of  Ca'cao,  Oil  of  Ca'cao,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spissa'tum,  0.  Theobro'mct  Cacao  expres'sum, 
(F.)  Beurre  de  Cacao,  Iluile  de  Cacao.  A  fat 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Tkeobroma  cacao,  or  chocolate 
nut 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Buerre  de  Coco.  A 
fatty,  concrete  subbtance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

BUTTERBUR,  Tussilngo  petasitcs. 

BUTTERCUPS.  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (F.)  BaUurre,  Lait  de 
Beurre.  The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from  the 
cream  by  churning.  It  contains  caseum  and  a 
little  butter.  It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when 
newly  made. 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vulgaris^ 

BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopyga. 

BUTTONBUSH,  Cephalanthus  occidentalia. 

BUTTONWOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus  occi- 
den  talis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter  —  b.  Amygdalarum  dnl- 
cium,  Confection  (almond) — b.  Saturni,  Unguen- 
turn  plumbi  superacetatis — b.  Zinci,  Zinci  chlo- 
ridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bvx- 
tonien'ses  Aqua.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  Derby- 
shire. The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
Fahrenheit  They  contain  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  Bodium,  chloride 
of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonio  acid, 
and  azote.  ^  They  are  used  in  cases  in  which 
thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  recommended. 
They  contain  little  or  no  mineral  impregnation. 

BUXUS,  Buxus  sempervi'rens.  The  Box-tree, 
(F.)  Bui*  ou  Bouis.  The  leaves  are  bitter  and 
aromatic,  and,  as  such,  have  been  used  in  medi- 
cine, in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia,  Ac,  in  the 
form  of  decoction.  They  are  sometimes,  also, 
added  to  beer.  The  seed  was  anciently  called 
Carthe'gon. 

BYNE,  Malt 

BY'RETHRUM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Couvreckef, 
filled  with  cephalic  substances. — Forestus. 

BYRSA,  (hpca.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SICON.  A  tan  stuff,  with  which 
Cjelius  ArnELiANus  sprinkled  wool,  which  he 
applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbilical  region : 
from  pvpea,  'leather,'  and  Scxpcia,  'I  tan.' 

BYRSODEPSICUM  PRINCIPIUM,  Tannin. 

BYSAU'CHEN,  from  0«/w,  'I  stop  up/  and 
tl97Cnt»  <tne  neck.'  A  morbid  stiffness  of  the 
neck.     One  with  a  short  neck, — Simotraehe'lu*. 

BYSSOS,  Vulva. 

BYSSUS,  Bussum.  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  several  vegetable  substances,  which  were 
used  for  the  fabrication  of  stuffs  prized  for  their 
fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of  material.  It  is 
now  chiefly  appjied  to  the  filaments,  by  the  aid 
of  which  the  acephalous  mollusca  attach  their 
shells  to  the  rocks.  Byssus  was  formerly  also 
applied  to  the  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  faSot,  '  depth.'  An  epithet  used  by 
Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  stomach. 


CAA-APIA 


154 


CACHLEX 


c. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  calx. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dortte'nia  Braxilien'sU  sen  cor- 
difo'lia  seu  placentoVdee  seu  vitel'la.  The  root, 
according  to  Piso,  is  employed  as  emetic  and 
anti-diarrhoeic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
to  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
oathartics. 

CAACICA,  Euphorbia  capitate. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  Frutex  baJcifer  Brazilien'- 
•i*.  A  Bhrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in  powder, 
are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOPIA,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava. 
i      CAAPONGA,  Grithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration.  See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL,  Cab'ala,  Cabal'la,  Cal'bala,  Caba'lia, 
Kab'ala,  Qaballa.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of  the 
16th  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much  of 
this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distinguished 
into  Judaic  or  theologian,  and  Hermetic  or  medi- 
cinal; the  latter  being,  according  to  them,  the 
art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  properties  of 
bodies  by  an  immediate  communication  with 
spirits, — the  knowledge  being  thus  acquired  by 
inspiration,  and  incapable  of  inducing  error.  It 
was  also  called  Are  cabalie'tica,  '  cabalistic  art.1 

CABAL'HAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  according 
to  Dalechamps,  which  passes  for  an  antidote  to 
white  hellebore,  and  yet  is  used  for  poisoning 
arrows.    It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  CabalU'tcu  One  instructed  in 
the  Cabal. 

CABALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asarum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassica — c.  Cow,  Nymphsea  odo- 
rata — c.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum — c.  Skunk, 
Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Swamp,  Dracontium 
foetidum — c.  Water,  Nyraphcea  odorata — c.  Tree, 
Geoffrrea  inermis — c.  Bark  tree,  Geoflreea  inermis. 

CABBAGIUM,  GeofTraea  inermis. 

CABUREIBA,  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CABUREICIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CAGAS'MIA,  Cacha'mia,  from  teaicos,  'bad/ 
and  'aiiia,  '  blood.'  A  faulty  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  blood. 

CACiESTHE'SIS,  Cacaaethe'eie,  Cacoaethe'- 
•\m,  from  xaicos,  'bad/  and  aiaOneis,  'feeling/ 
Morbid  sensation.  Morbid  general  feeling.  In- 
disposition. 

CACAFERRI.  Ferri  subearbonas. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'gus,  from  *ar«u,  'ex- 
crement,' and  aytiv,  'to  expel/  An  ointment, 
composed  of  alum  and  honey ;  which,  when  ap- 
plied to  the  anus,  produced  all  evacuation. — 
Paulus  of  jSSgina. 

CACALEXITERIA,  Alexiteria. 

CACA'LIA  ANTEUPIIOR'BIUM,  Anteu- 
phor'biwn.  A  plant,  which  Dodoens  and  others 
considered  to  be  capable  of  tempering  the  caustic 
properti6d  of  euphorbium.  It  is  also  called 
Klein' ia. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  are  used,  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Caca'vi,  Quahoil,  Caeava'ta. 
The  cocoa  or  chocolate  nut;  fruit  of  Theobro'ma 


Cacao,  Co'coa  Cacavifera,  Ca'cao  minor  sea 
eati'va,  Cacao  theobro'ma;  Family,  Malvacea*. 
Sex.  Syet.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACATION,  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CAC'ATORY,  Cacato'rius,  from  cacare,  'to  go 
to  Btool/  Febrie  cacato'ria  ;  a  kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  accompanied  by  oopious  alvine  evacua- 
tions.— Sylvius. 

CACAVATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI,  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot 

CACCE,  Excrement 

CACCION'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recommended  by  Baglivi  in  dysentery. 

CACEPHEBOTE'SIA,  from  rnxos,  'bad/  and 
opcfioTvs,  'puberty/  Morbid  puberty.  Disease 
occurring  at  the  period  of  puberty. 

CACHAN  G-PARANG.  A  sort  of  bean  of  Su- 
matra, mentioned  by  Marsden,  whose  seeds  are 
given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considers  it  to  be  the 
Mimo'ea  ecandene. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachcc'tee,  Cachec'ticue,  same 
etymon  as  Cachexia.  One  attacked  with  ca- 
chexia. Belonging  to  cachexia.  Cached  tica 
remed'ia  are  remedies  against  cachexia. 

CACHEN-LAGUEN,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CACHEX'IA,  from  kmos,  'bad/  and  'tfis, 
'  habit'  Status  cachec'tica;  Cachexy,  Dyethc'ei; 
(F.)  Cachexie.  A  condition  in  which  the  body 
is  evidently  depraved.  A  bad  habit  of  body, 
chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic,  cancerous,  or  ve- 
nereal diseases  when  in  their  last  stage.  Hence 
we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  Cachexia,  Cancerous  Ca- 
chexia, Ac.  Sauvages  and  Cullen  have  included 
under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases — consump- 
tions, dropsies,  Ac.  Cachexia  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  diathesis.  Cachexia  7c- 
ter'ica  is  jaundice  or  icterus  itself,  or  a  disposition 
thereto.  Fluor  albus  is  sometimes  called  Ca- 
chexia Uierina. 

Cachexia  Africaxa,  Chthonophagia—  c.  Cal- 
culosa,  Lithia — c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer  —  c 
Chlorotic,  Chlorosis — c.  Dysthetica,  Dysorasia — 
c.  Icterica,  Icterus  —  o.  Lymphatic*  farciminosa, 
see  Equinia. 

Cachexia  Lonbiken'sib.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented  by 
the  inhabitants  of  London.  A  similar  cachexia  is 
seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Marsh,  (F.)  Cachexie  palndtenn*. 
The  state  of  cachexy  observed  in  malarious  dis- 
tricts. 

Cachexia  Saturnine,  Saturnismus. 

Cachexia,  Scorbutic,  see  Purpura — e.  Scro- 
phulosa,  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'nica.  Tho  state  of  scorbutic 
cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases,  es- 
pecially enlargement  of  the  spleen,  Splenal'gia 
Bengalen'sis,  in  India. 

Cachexia  Venerea,  Syphilis — e.  Venous,  Ve- 
nosity — c.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

CACHEXIE,  Cachexia  — c.  Paludtenn*,  C*. 
chexia,  marsh. 

CACHEXY,  Cachexia. 

CACHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 

CACHINLAGUA,  Chironia  chilensis. 

CACHINNA'TIO,  from  cachinno,  'I  laugh 
aloud.'  A  tendency  to  immoderate  laughter,  as 
in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  affections. 

CACHIRL  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in  Cay- 
enne, from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root  of  the 
manioc.    It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.    A  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 


CACHOS 


155 


CADAVEROUS 


on  the  sea  shore.  One  of  these,  when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
•stringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  he  useful  in  dysentery. — Galen. 

CACHOS.  An  oriental  fruit,  apparently  of  a 
Solanam,  which  is  esteemed  lithontriptio. 

CACHOU,  Catechu. 

CACHRYS  LIBAXOTIS.  An  umbelliferous 
plant  which  grows  in  Africa  and  the  South  of 
Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its  seeds 
are  extremely  acrid. 

Cachrys  MARmM a,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CACHUN'DE.  An  Indian  troch  or  pastile 
composed  of  amber,  mastio,  musk,  cinnamon, 
aloes,  rhubarb,  galanga,  pearls,  rubies,  emeralds, 
garnets,  Ac.  It  is  regarded  by  the  people  of  In- 
dia as  an  antidote,  stomachic  and  antispasmodic. 

CACO,  caro,  properly  only  an  abbreviation  of 
kokos.  In  composition  it  means  something  de- 
fective ;  as  in  the  following  words. 

CACO^STHESIS.  Cacsosthesis. 

CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alexipharmic. 

CACOCHO'LIA,  from  kokos,  '  bad,'  and  x°H 
'bile.'  Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  condition 
of  the  bile. 

CAC'OCHROI,  Cac'ochri,  from  kokos,  'bad/ 
and  xpoa,  '  colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  com- 
plexion is  morbidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCHYL'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and  ^wXoj, 
'ohyle.'    Depraved  chylification. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Kakochym'ia,  Oorrup'tio 
Humo'rum,  from  kokos,  '  bad,'  and  xiyof,  'juice,' 
*  humour.'  Gacoch'ymy.  Depravation  of  the 
humours. 

Cacochtxia  Plumbea,  Lead  poisoning  —  c, 
Scorbutica,  see  Purpura — c.  Scrophulosa,  Scro- 
fula—  c.  Venerea,  Syphilis. 

CACOCH'YMUS,  CacocKym'ictu.  One  attacked 
with  cacochymia.    Belonging  to  cacochymia, 

CACOCNE'MUS,  CacocM'micuo,  Mali*  »uri» 
prmdi'tut/  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  Kvnw,  'the 
leg.'    One  who  has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and  Kopu*, 
'  I  purge,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  purges 
off  the  vitiated  humours. 

CACOD,E'MON,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  Utpvv, 
'  a  spirit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were  ascribed 
many  disorders.     The  nightmare. 

CACO'DES,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  ©£«*,  'to 
smell/ — mall  olem.  Having  a  bad  smell;  Caco'- 
dia,  Cacoo'mia. 

CACODIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOETHES,  Cacoeth'ictit,  from  kokos,  'bad/ 
and  t$oi,  '  disposition,  habit,'  Ac  Of  a  bad  or 
vitiated  character,  as  ulcut  cacoifthe$,  an  ulcer 
of  a  malignant  character. 

CACOETHICUS,  Cacoethes. 

CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacoga'Ua,  from  kokos, 
'bad/  and  ya\a,  gen.  yoXoKros,  'milk.'  A  bad 
condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALAC'TICA,  same  etymon  as  the  last 
One  who  suffers  from  a  bad  condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALIA,  Cacogalactia, 

CACOGEN'ESIS,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  yew- 
mc,  '  generation.'    A  morbid  formation. 

CACOMORPIIIA,  Deformation. 

CACOMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 

CACOPATHI'A,  Pa*' *io  Mala,  from  kokos, 
'bad,'  and  *a$os,  'affection.'  A  distressed  state 
of  mind. — Hippocrates. 

CACOPHO'NIA,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and  <f>uvr,, 
'voice,'  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  CacoplaJtieuo,  Duiplasmat'- 
ie  ;  from  kokos,  '  bad,'  and  *Aa**<#,  '  I  form.'  Sus- 
ceptible of  only  a  low  degree  of  organization,  as 
the  indurations  resulting  from  low  or  chronio 
Inflammation,  fibro-cartilage,  cirrhosis,  Ac 


CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacopraxu,  from  kokos, 
'bad/  and  woarno,  'I  perform.'  Depraved  con« 
dition  of  the  organic  functions. 

CACOPRAXIS,  Cacopragia. 

CACORRHACHI'TIS,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and 
pax'*'  <tn0  'piae.'  Cacor'rhach**,  Cacorkaehi&t 
Cacorhachi'ti*,  Spondylalgia.  Deformity  of  the 
spine.  Disease  of  the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxa- 
tion of  the  vertebra)  and  ribs  dependent  upon 
internal  causes. 

CACORRHYTH'MUS,  Arrhyth'miu,  from  «•- 
kos,  '  bad,'  and  puSjtos,  '  rhythm/  '  order.'    Irre- 

CACO'SIS.  Mala  di*pooit"io,  (F.)  Vice.  A 
bad  condition  of  body. — Hippocrates.  A  diseased 
condition  in  general. 

CACOSIT'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  otnor, 
'aliment'  Disgust  or  aversion  for  food  —  jfaa- 
tid'ium  cibo'rum. 

CACOSMIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOSOMPUM,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  ntuo, 
'  the  body.'  An  hospital  for  leprosy,  and  incura- 
ble affections  in  general. 

,C  A  OOSPERM  A'SIA,  Cacotperma'tta,  Oaeoo- 
per'mia,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  oiciffto,  'sperm.' 
A  bad  condition  of  the  sperm. 

CACOSPHYX'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and 
<r0ufc,  '  pulse.'  —  Vitio'nu  pulsus.  Bad  state  of 
pulse. — Galen. 

CACOSPLAXCH'NIA,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and 
OTXaygvov,  'a  viscus.'  Indigestion.  The  ema- 
ciation dependent  upon  imperfect  digestion.— 
Siebenhaar. 

CACOSTOM'AOTTJS,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and 
crrofiaxoi,  'the  stomach.'  What  disagrees  with 
the  stomach.     Indigestible. — Gorrsous. 

CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA,  Breath,  offea- 
sive. 

CACOS'TOMUS,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  crouo, 
'a  mouth.'    Having  a  bad  mouth. 

CACOTHYM'IA,  Vit'ium  An'imi,  from  kokos, 
'  bad/  and  Svuos,  '  mind/  '  disposition.'  A  vitious 
state  of  mind. — Linden. 

CACOTRIBULUS,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CACOTRICH'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  tyt& 
rotyos,  '  hair.'    Disease  of  the  hair. 

CACOTROPH'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad/  and  roofa, 
'nutrition.' — Vitio'ta  nutrW'io; — disordered  nu- 
trition.— Galen. 

.OACOU,  Cagot,  Catechu. 

CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA,  Coucin'ea,  0>e- 
ein'ea,  Schouoba'a  eocein'ea,  Tihimma.  A  peren- 
nial twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the  plant 
of  which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is  possessed  of 
emeto-cathartio  properties. 

CACTIER,  Cactus  opuntia. 

CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opnn'tia.  The  Indian 
Fig,  (P.)  Oaetier,  Baquette,  Figuier  d'fnde.  Thii 
plant  grows  in  South  America,  Spain,  Italy,  Ac> 
Its  fruit,  which  has  the  shape  of  the  fig,  is  of  a 
sweetish  taste,  and  colours  the  urine  red  when 
eaten.    Its  leaves  are  considere<Lrefrigerant 

The  fruits  of  different  species  of  cactus  are 
called  Tuna*. 

CADA'BA,  Strofmia.  A  genus  of  the  family 
Capparidea,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia.  The 
young  shoots  of  the  Cada'ba/arino'sa  are  consi- 
dered to  be  an  antidote  against  venomous  bites. 

CADA'VER,  Ptoma,  Nccron.  A  dead  body  ; 
&  subject ;  a  carcass,  (F.)  Cadarre.  The  word 
has  been  supposed  to  come  from  cado,  *  I  fall  / 
and  by  some  to  be  a  contraction  from  caro  data 
vermibus,  '  flesh  given  to  the  worms.'  (  ?  ) 

CADAVEROUS,  Cadac'eric,  Cadarero'nu, 
Necro'des,  (F.)  Cadavtreux.  Belonging  to  the 
dead  body ;  as  cadaverous  omcll.  The  Cadat'- 
erous  or  Bippocrat'ic  face  (see  Face,)  is  an  as- 


CADDY  INSECT 


156 


caf£ 


favourable  sign  in  disease,  and  generally  denotes 
a  fatal  termination. 

Cadav'erous  or  Cadav'eric  Hyperemia. 
The  hypostatic  hyperaemia  observed  in  depend- 
ing parts  of  the  dead  body. 

CADDY  INSECT,  see  Ectozoa, 

CADE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 

CADEJI-INDI,  Malabathrum. 

CADEL-AVANACU,  Croton  tiglium. 

CADIA.  An  Egyptian,  leguminous  plant. 
The  Arabs  attribute  to  its  fresh  leaves  the  power 
of  relieving  colic. 

CADIVA  IXSANIA,  Epilepsy. 

CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 

CADMl'I  SULPHAS,  Cadmi'ummlphu'ricum, 
Sulpha*  Cadmi'cu*,  Meli'ni  Sulpha*,  Klapro'thii 
Sulphas,  Klapro'thium  Sulphu' ricum,  Jlelinum 
Sulphu' ricum,  Sulphate  of  Cadmium.  Used  in 
spots  on  the  cornea,  and  in  ohronio  torpid  inflam- 
mation of  the  conjunctiva,  in  the  quantity  of  half 
a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce  of  water. 

CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

CADTCHU,  Catechu. 

CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua— c  Passio. 
Epilepsy. 

CADU'CITY,  lmbecil'lita*,  Debil'ita*,  Cadu'- 
eiia*,  from  cadere,  'to  fall.'  The  French  use  the 
word  CaducitS  for  the  portion  of  human  life  which 
is  comprised  generally  between  70  and  80  years. 
The  age  which  precedes  decrepitude.  It  is  so 
termed  in  consequence  of  the  limbs  not  usually 
possessing  sufficient  strength  to  support  the  body. 
The  precise  age  must  of  course  vary  in  indi- 
viduals. 

CADUQUE,  Decidua  membrana— c. Rffltchie, 
see  Decidua  membrana — c  Vraie,  Decidua  mem- 
brana. 

CADURCUS,  Vulva. 

CAD  US,  Ka&os.  A  Greek  measure  equal  to  ten 
gallons  English. — Pliny.    Amphora. 

CJECA,  FORAM'INA  (ANTERIUS  ET  POS- 
TERIUS)  are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts 
of  the  tuber  annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the 
extremities  of  the  depression  made  by  the  verte- 
bral artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  third ;  and  the  latter  between  those 
of  the  sixth  pair. 

CMCM  HiEMORRHOI'DES,  Blind  Pile*, 
(F.)  Himorrhoide*  aveugle*,  are  those  unaccom- 
panied by  any  discharge. 

CZBCAL,  Caca'U*.  Belonging  to  the  ceecum, 
from  cacus,  *  blind,  hidden.'  The  Cascal  arteries 
and  vein*  are  the  branches  of  the  Arterim  et  vena 
eolica  dextra  in/eriore*,  distributed  to  the  caecum. 

CICATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

Offi'CITAS,  Ca'cita*,  Cacitu'do,  Ablep'*ia, 
Obcatca'tio,  Occaca'tio,  Anap'sia,  Ty'phhtes, 
Typhlo'sis,  Blindne**,  (F.)  Avenglement,  Clcit'e, 
Peru  de  la  vue.  Caocitas  may  be  dependent  upon 
many  different  diseases,  —  as  upon  amaurosis, 
spooks,  hypopyon,  cataract,  glaucoma,  ophthal- 
mia, atrophy  of  the  eye,  Ac 

Gaoitas  Crepusculabis,  Hemeralopia  —  o. 
Diurna,  Nyctalopia — c.  Nocturna,  Hemeralopia. 

OfflCITUDO,  CflBcitas. 

CiECUM,  Coeeum,  IrUesti'nwn  cacum,  Monom'- 
aehonf  Monom'acum,  Monoco'lon,  Monocu'lum, 
Typhlo'teron  monoco'lon,  Typhlotferum,  Typhlo- 
Sn'terum,  Jnit"ium  intesti'ni  cra**i,  Saccu*  Intes- 
titii  era**i  sou  Cfoli,  Crrcum  Caput  coli,  Caput  coli, 
Prima  eeUa  coli,  Inif'ium  extu'beran*  coli,  from 
caious,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Out,  so  called  from 
itn  being  perforated  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon ;  and  which  fills,  almost 
wholly,  the  right  iliac  fossa;  where  the  perito- 


neum retains  it  immovably.  Its  length  is  about 
three  or  four  lingers'  breadth.  The  llcocacal 
valve  or  Valve  of  Bauhin  shuts  off  all  communi- 
cation between  it  and  the  ileum ;  and  the  Appen- 
dix vermiformi*  caci  is  attached  to  it. 

Cecum  Fora'men  of  the  frontal  bone  is  a  small 
cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  internal 
coronal  crest  or  crista.  —  Fronto-ethmoidal  fora- 
men, (F.)  Trou  aveugle  ou  borgne.  Morgagni  has 
given  the  same  name  to  the  small  cavity  in  the 
middle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tongue,  near 
its  base ;  the  sides  of  which  are  furnished  with 
mucous  follicles — Lacune  de  la  languo—(Ch.) 

Cecum,  Phlegmonous  Tumour  op  the,  Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 

CiECUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight, 
Typhlop*,  (F.)  Aveugle,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it 
is  used  to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities, 
which  end  in  a  cul-de-*ac;  or  have  only  one 
opening. 

Blind  Duct*  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Conduit* 
aveugle*  de  fur&thre,  are  the  Mucous  Lacu'na 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

CJELA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatics- 

CEMENTUM,  Lute. 

CJERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue — c.  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue. 

CERULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopathy. 

CiESALPI'NIA,  Caealpi'nia  sappan,  Sappan 
or  Sampfen  wood,  (F.)  Br£*illet,  Boi*  de  Sappan, 
A  small  Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of  which  is  used 
in  decoction,  in  cases  of  contvsion. 

Brazil  wood,  Pernambuco  or  Femambuco  wood, 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
Cesalpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood  ,♦  but  another  variety  in  commerce  is 
the  Braeiletto,  from  Ccesalpinia  Bra*ilien*i*t  and 
C.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  Peach-wood  is  analogous  to 
this,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species  of 
C a?  sal  pin  i  a. 

The  kernel  of  Cesalpin'ia  Bonducell'a,  the 
seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kutknlcja  and 
Kvtoo  Kurunja,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge  tonic 
Dose,  ten  grains. 

CESA'REAN  SECTION,  C<B*a'rean  opera- 
tion, Tomotodia,  Caesa'rea  eectio,  Partu*  casa'- 
reu*,  Opera' tio  casa'rea,  Metrotom'ia,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration C£8aricnne,  from  ccederc, '  *  to  cut.'  An 
incision  made  through  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men and  uterus  to  extract  the  foetus.  In  this 
manner,  Julius  Ccesar  is  said  to  have  been  ex- 
tracted.— Pliny.  It  is  also  called  HysUrotom'ia, 
Ifyeterotomotoc'ia,  Oastrometrotom'ia,  Gasterhy*- 
terot'omy,  Qa*trometrot'omi,  6a*trohy8terot'omyt 
(F.)  Operation  Citarienne.  An  incision  has  been 
made  into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina,  consti- 
tuting the  Vaginal  Catarean  Section,  Gastrely- 
trotom'ia,  Oa»trocofpotom'iaf  Laparacolpotom' ia, 
LaparoUytrotom'ia,  (F.)  Operation  charienne 
vaginal*.  The  Cassarean  section  may  be  re- 
quired when  the  mother  dies  before  delivery ; — 
when  there  is  some  invincible  obstacle  to  delivery 
from  the  faulty  conformation  of  the  pelvis;  or 
when  the  child  has  passed  into  the  abdominal 
cavity  in  consequence  of  rupture  of  the  uterus. 

C&SARIES,  Capillus. 

CiESIUS,  Glaucoma. 

Cffi'SONES,  C<t'*are*.  Children  brought  Into 
the  world  by  the  Cesarean  operation. 

CJESU'LLE.    They  who  have  gray  eyee. 

OESURA,  Cut 

OffiTCHU,  Catechu. 

CAF,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony. 

CAFAR,  Camphor. 

CAF£t  Coffee* 


CAFJt 


W 


CALAMUS 


CAF£  1  LA  SULTANE.  This  name  has 
been  given  to  an  infusion  or  decoction  of  the 
ground  coquet  or  pericarps  which  surround  the 
coffee. 

CAFE  CITRIX.  The  aqueous  infusion  of 
vnroasted  cofTeo,  so  called  on  acooont  of  its  yel- 
lowish tint 

CAFEYER,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFF  A,  -Camphor. 

CAFIER,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFUR,  Camphor. 

CAGAS'TRUM.  The  principal  or  germ  of 
diseases  which  are  communicable. — Paracelsus. 

CAGNEUX,  Canot.     See  Kyllosis. 

CAGOSANGA,  Ipecacuanha. 

CAOO  TS,  (F.)  A  name  given  to  deformed  and 
miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyrenees,  Bern, 
and  Upper  Gascony,  in  Franco,  where  they  are 
also  called  Capots.  In  other  districts  they  are 
called  Gfzits,  Gfzitains,  Critins,  Gahets,  Capons, 
Coliberts,  Cacotu,  Cagneux,  Ac.  See  Critin.  The 
word  Cagot  is  supposed  to  be  an  abbreviation  of 
CaniM  Gotku*.  'Dog  of  a  Goth/ 

CAGUE-SANGUE,  Caquesangue. 

CAHIXC.E  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

CAFEPUT  OIL,  Cafeput  oil,  Kyaput'ty,  Ca- 
Jupu'ti  O'lenm.  The  volatile  oil  of  the  leaves  of 
Melaleu'ca  Cajapu'ti,  a  native  of  the  Moluccas. 
The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragrant  smell,  like  cam- 
phor; taste  pungent  and  aromatic.  It  is  stimu- 
lant, and  useful  where  the  essential  oils  in  general 
are  employed.  It  has  also  been  called  Oil  of 
Witneben,  from  the  person  who  first  distilled  it. 

CAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

CATLLEAU,  Lantana. 

CAILLE,  Curds. 

CATLLELAIT  BLANC,  Galium  mollugo-^. 
Vraie,  Galium  verum. 

CAILLOT,  Coagulum. 

CAINANJE  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

CAiN'CE  RADIX,  Radix  Chioeoc'c*,  JR. 
Caina'tujg  seu  Caninana  seu  Cahinccs  seu  Ka- 
ninca  seu  Serpenta'  ria  Brazilien'sis,  Cainca  Root. 
The  bark  of  the  roots  of  Chiococc'a  angui/'uga, 
Ch.  densi/o'lia,  and,  perhaps,  Ch.  racemo'sa,  a 
plant  of  the  Family  Rubiacesa.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia,  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  bitter, 
tonic,  and  diuretic,  but  has  not  been  long  intro- 
duced.   Dose  of  the  powder,  from  J)j  to  gss. 

Dr.  John  II.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  considers 
there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between  the  Cain- 
ca and  the  Apncynum  cannabinum, 

CAINITO,  Chrysophyllum  Cainito. 

CAIPA  SCIIORA.  A  oucurbitaceous  Malabar 
plant,  the  fruit  of  which  baa  a  pyriform  shape. 
The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruity  when 
unripe,  is  emetic. 

CAISSE,  Case— c.  du  Tambour,  Tympanum. 

CAITCHU,  Catechu. 

CAJAN,  Phaseolus  cretious. 

CAJUPUTI,  CajcpuL 

CAKES,  WORM,  STORY'S.  Thesowere 
composed  of  calomel  and  jatap,  made  Into  cakes, 
and  coloured  with  cinnabar. 

CALABASH  TREE,  NABKOW-LEAVED, 
Creecentia  Cujete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Aram  escu- 
lentum. 

CALAF,  Salix  ASgyptiaca.  A  large-leaved 
Egyptian  willow,  called,  also,  Ban.  The  dis- 
tilled water  of  the  flowers,  called  Macahalef, 
passes,  in  that  country,  for  an  excellent  ant- 
aphrodisiac.  It  is  also  used  as  an  antiloimic, 
antiseptic,  and  cordial 

CALAGUALA,  see  Calagualss  radix. 

CALAGERI,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 

CALAGIBAH,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 


CALAGUA'LJS  RADIX,  Calague'lm  Radut. 
The  root  of  Polypo'dium  Calagua'la  seu  adianti- 
for'ml  seu  eoria'ceum  seu  ammifo'lium  sen  ar- 
gen'teum  seu  pol'itum,  Aspid'ium  coria'ceum  sen 
ferrugin'eum  sen  dis'color,  Tecta'ria  calahuala 
seu  ferrugin'ea,  Calaguala,  Calahuala.  It  has 
been  exhibited  in  Italy  in  dropsy,  pleurisy,  con- 
tusions, abscesses,  Ac  Its  properties  arc  not, 
however,  clear. 

CALAHUALA,  see  CalagnalsB  radix. 

CALAMANDRINA,  Teucrium  chamssdrys. 

CALAMBAC,  Agallochum. 

CALAMBOUK,  Agallochum 

CALAME'DON,  from  Ka\aues,  'a  reed.'  This 
word  has  had  various  significations.  Some  have 
used  it  for  an  oblique  fracture  of  a  bone;  the 
fractured  portions  having  the  shape  of  the  nib 
of  a  pen.  Others  have  used  it  for  a  longitudinal 
fracture ;  and  others,  again,  for  one  that  is  com- 
minuted. 

CALAMI'NA,  Calamine,  from  calamus,  'a 
reed,'  so  called  from  its  reed-like  appearance. 
Cadmi'a,  Oathmir,  Cadmi'a  lapido'sa  airo'sa, 
Cadmi'a  FosJsilis,  Lapis  Aero'svs,  Calim'ia,  La- 
pis Calamina'ris,  Calamina'ris,  Car'bonas  Zinci 
impu'rus,  (F.)  Pierre  calaminaire.  Native  im- 
pure carbonate  of  sine.  Calamine  is  chiefly  used 
for  pharmaceutical  purposes  in  the  form  of  the 
Calamisa  prjepara'ta,  Lapis  Calamina'ris  pra- 
para'tus,  Car'bonas  Kind  impu'rus  prepara'tus, 
Zinci  car'bonas prapara'tus,  Prepared  Calamine; 
— Calamine  reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder  by 
roasting  and  levigation.  In  this  state  it  u 
sprinkled  or  dusted  on  excoriated  parts,  or  to 
prevent  excoriation,  Ao. 

CALAMINARIS,  Calamine. 

CALAMINT,  Melissa  Calamintha— c.  Field, 
MeliBsa  nepeta— c  Mountain,  Melissa  grandiflora 
— c.  Spotted,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CALAMINTA  HUMILIOR,  Glecoma  hede- 
racea. 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  C— c.  Angliea,  Me- 
lissa nepeta — c.  Erecta  Virginiana,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana —  c.  Hederacea,  Glee  noma  hederacea  —  c 
Magno  flore,  Melissa  grandiflora  —  c.  Montana, 
Melissa  grandiflora—  c.  Nepeta,  Melissa  nepeta—- 
c  Parviflora,  Melissa  nepeta — c.  Pulegii  odore, 
Melissa  nepeta— c.  Trichotoma,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CAL'AMUS,  KaXauos,  'the  reed.'  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  U.  S.  the  rhizoma  of  acorns 
calamus. 

Calamus  Alexajcdri'ncs.  Celsns  has  thus 
called  a  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamus  Aromaticus.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  stalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
Egypt,  probably  the  Andropo'gon  Nardus.  It 
entered  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
as  antihysterio  and  emmenagogue; — Calamus 
aromaticus  verus. 

Calamus  Aromaticus,  Acorns  calamus  —  c 
Aromaticus  verus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus  —  c 
Draco,  C.  rotang  —  o.  Indicus,  see  Saccharum  — 
c  Odoratns,  Acorns  calamus,  Juncns  odoratns. 

Calamus  Rotang,  C.  Draco.  The  systematic 
name  of  a  plant,  whence  Dragon's  Blood,  San- 
guis Draco'nis,  Cinnab'aris  Graco'rum,  Dracon- 
tha'ma,  (F.)  Sang- Dragon,  is  procured.  It  is 
the  red,  resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from 
wounding  the  bark  of  the  Calamus  Rotang.  It 
has  been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages, 
Ac. ;  but  is  now  rarely  employed. 

Calamus  Scripto'rius,  Anag' typhi,  'a  writing 
pen,'  (F.)  Fossette  angulaire  du  quatrihn*  m- 
trieule.  A  small,  angular  cavity,  situate  at  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  medulla,  in  the  fourth 
ventricle  of  the  brain,  which  has  been,  by  some 
supposed  to  resemble  a  pen. 
Calamus  Vulgaris,  Acorns  calamus. 


CALAPPITB 


158 


CALCIS  BICHLOBURETUM 


C AL APPITE.  Rumphius  has  given  this  name 
to  calculous  concretions,  found  in  the  interior  of 
certain  cocoa  nuts.  The  cocoa  tree  itself  the  Ma- 
lays call  Calappa.  These  stones  are,  likewise, 
termed  Vegetable  Bezoards.  The  Malays  attri- 
bute potent  virtues  to  them,  and  wear  them  as 
amulets. 
CALASATA,  Cinchona)  cordifoli®  cortex. 
CALBALA,  Cabal. 

CALBIA'NUM.    The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not 
CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALOAIRE,  Calcareous. 
CALCA'NEAL,   Calcti'ntue,  from  calx,  'the 
heel.'     Having  relation  to  the  calcaneum,  as 
'calcaneal  arteries.' 

CALCANEO-PHALAKGIEN  DU  PETIT 
ORTEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digit!  pedis— c.  Pha- 
langinien  commit n,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis  —  c.  Sous-phalangettien  commun,  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  c.  Soue-Phalanginien 
commun,  Flexor  breviB  digitorum  pedis — c.  Soue- 
phalangicn  du  petit  orteil,  see  Abductor  minimi 
digit!  pedis  —  c.  SuJt-phalangettien  commun,  Ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  calx,  'the  heel.'  Calca- 
neus, Calcar,  Cal'cia,  Ichnus,  0*  Caleb,  Pterna, 
Pter'nium.  The  largest  of  the  tarsal  bones :  that 
which  forms  the  heel.  It  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  foot ;  is  articulated 
above  and  a  little  {interiorly  with  the  astragalus; 
anteriorly,  also,  with  the  os  enboides.  Its  poste- 
rior Borface,— called  Heel,  Taint,  Calx,  (F.)  Ta- 
lon,— gives  attachment  to  the  tendo-achillis :  the 
lower  has,  posteriorly,  two  tuberosities,  to  which 
the  superficial  muscles  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  are 
attached.  The  small  Apophysis  or  lateral  Apoph- 
ysis of  the  Calca'nenm,  (F.)  Petit  Apophyse  ou 
Apophyse  late"  rale  du  CalcanSum,  is  a  projection 
at  the  upper  surface  of  this  bone,  on  which  is 
formed  the  posterior  portion  of  the  cavity  that 
receives  the  astragalus.  The  great  Apoph'ysis, 
anterior  Apoph'ysis  of  the  Calca'nettm,  is  the 
projection  which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with 
the  cuboides ;  and  on  the  other  forms  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  facette  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

CALCANTIION,  Atramentum. 
OALCAR,  Calcaneum,  Ergot — c  Avis,  Hippo- 
oampus  minor. 

CALCA'REOUS,  Calcaneus,  Calca'riut;  from 
calx,  Mime.'   (F.)  Calcaire.    Containing  lime : — 
as  calcareous  concretions,  O.  deposition*,  Ac. 
CALCAREUS  CARBONAS,  Creta. 
CALCARIA  CHLORATA,   Calcis  chloridnm 
— c.  Chlorica,  Culcis-rshloridura — c  Phosphorica, 
see  Cornu  cervi — c.  Pura,  Calx — e.  Pura  liquida, 
Liquor  calcis. 
CALCARIJE  CHLORUM,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CALCATOR,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALCATREPPOLA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'NIA, 
CALCINO'NIA.    Words  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  the  concretions  of  tartrate  of 
lime  which  form  in  the  human  body. 
CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 

CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  calceolue,  'a  small 
■tipper;'  Slippervort. 

Oalcbola'ria  Prim ata  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calcrola'ria  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be  febri- 
ftig«. 

OALCE'TUS,  Calcetu/nitu,  Calce'noe.  That 
which  abounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjective 
used  by  Paracelsus  in  speaking  of  the  blood; 
Sanguis  cake' tut.  Hence  came  the  expression 
Calcined  Mood,  Sang  calcini. 


CALCEUM  EQUINUM,  Tussflago. 
CALCHOIDEA,  (OS.)    Cuneiform  bone. 
CALCIA,  Calcaneum. 
CALCIGEROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 
CALCIG'RADUS,  Pternob'ates,  from  calx, 
mova,  *  the  heel,'  and  (latvu,  *  I  walk.'    One  who 
walks  on  his  heels. — Hippocrates. 

CALCII  CHLORURETUM,  Calcis  murias— c. 
Oxychloruretum,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Oxydnm, 
Calx  viva — c.  Protochlornretum,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CALCINA'TION,  Calcina'tio,  Calci'non,  Con- 
or ema'tio,  from  calx,  'lime.'  The  act  of  submit- 
ting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral  sub- 
stance, which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving  either 
of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatilizable  sub- 
stance, that  enters  into  its  composition ;  or  which 
we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum  is  cal- 
cined to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystallization;— 
chalk;  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure  lime,  by 
driving  off  the  carbonic  acid ;  and  certain  metals 
are  subjected  to  this  operation  to  oxidize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hydrar* 
gyrum  precipitatum. 
CALCINONIA,  Calcena. 
CALCIS  BICHLOBURETUM,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum—  c.  Carbonas,  Creta  —  c.  Carbon  as  durus, 
Creta,  Marmor — c.  Carbonas  friabilis,  Creta. 

Calcis  Car'bonas  Prjecipita'tus,  Precip'i- 
tatea\  Car'bonate  of  Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk, 
This  preparation,  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  pre- 
pared as  follows :  Liq.  Calcii  Cklorid.  Ovss;  Soda 
CarbonaL  Ibvj ;  Aqua  destillat.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  of  soda  in  six  parts  of  distilled  water; 
heat  this  and  the  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium, 
separately,  to  tho  boiling  point,  and  mix.  Wash 
the  precipitate  repeatedly  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  on  bibulous  paper.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  creta  prseparato,  and  is  preferred  to 
it  in  certain  case?, — for  example,  as  an  ingredient 
in  tooth  powders,  owing  to  its  freedom  from 
gritty  particles. 

Calcis  Chlo'ridum  ;  Chlo'ride  of  Lime,  Chlo'- 
rnret  of  Lime,  Hypochlo'rite  of  Lime,  Chlorite  of 
Lime,  Oxymu'riatepf Lime,  Calxchlorina'ta,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Protoxichlor'uret  of  Calcium,  Calca'riachlo- 
ra'ta,  Chlonun  Calca'ria,  C  More  turn  Calca'ria, 
Calcaria  Chlo'rica,  Oxy  chlorure'tum  Calcii,  Pro- 
tochlorvre'tum  Calcii,  Chlorure'tum  Oxidi  Calcii, 
Bichlorure'tum  Calcis,  Oxymu'rias  Calcis,  Calcis 
Hypochlo'ris,  Calx  oxymuriat'ica,  Bleaching  Pow- 
der, Tennant's  Powder,  (F.)  Protoxichlorure  de 
Calcium,  Chlorvre  de  Chaux,  Oxichlorure  de 
Chaux,  Chlorvre  eT  Oxide  de  Calcium,  Bichlorure 
de  Chaux,  Oximuriate  de  Chaux,  Muriate  surox- 
igini  ou  Oxigtni  de  Chaux,  Poudre  dc  Blanche* 
ment,  P.  de  Tennant.  A  compound  resulting  from 
the  action  of  chlorine  on  hydrate  of  lime. 
Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most  valuable  disinfecting 
agent,  (see  Disinfection,)  when  dissolved  in  the 
proportion  of  one  pound  to  six  gallons  of  water. 
It  has  likewise  been  employed  both  internally 
and  externally  in  various  diseases,  as  in  scrofula, 
fcetor  oris,  foul  ulcers,  Ac.  Ac. 

Calcis  Hepar,  Calcis  snlphuretum  —  c.  Hy- 
dras, see  Calx — c.  Hypochloris,  Calcis  chloridum. 
Calcis  Mu'rias  ;  Muriate  of  Lime,  Calx  salt' to, 
Calcii  Chlorure'tum  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of 
calcium,  (F.)  Chlorxtre  de  calcium,  Muriate  on 
Hydrochlorate  de  Chaux.  This  salt  has  been 
given,  in  solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  Ac,  in 
scrofulous  tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  gene- 
ral debility,  Ac.  A  Soln'tio  Muria'tis  Calcis, 
Liquor  Calcis  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Liquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  Muriate) 
of  Lime  £j.  dissolved  in  distilled  water  fS^ 
The  Liquor  Calcii  Chlorldi  or  Solution  ofChlo- 


CALCITBA 


159 


CALCULI 


ride  of  Calcium,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  \b  prepared  as  follows :  —  Marble, 
in  fragments,  §ix,  Muriatic  acid,  Oj;  Distilled 
water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  effervescence 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  action  has 
ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and  evaporate  to 
dryness.  Dissolve  the  residuum  in  its  weight  and 
a  half  of  distilled  water,  and  filter.  Dose,  from 
gtt.  xxx  to  f  33,  in  a  cupful  of  water. 

Calcis  Oxymurias,  Calcis  chloridum. 

Calcis  Sclphure'tuh  ;  Hevar  Calcit,  Sul'- 
fikwretof  Lime,  (F.)  Proto-hyarotulfate  de  Cal- 
cium, Hydroeulfat*  de  chaux.  Principally  used 
in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous 
affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCITEOSA,  Plnmbt  oxydnm  semiritreum. 

CALCITHOS,  Cupri  rabacetas. 

CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del. 
phininm  consolida — c.  Hippoph&stum,  Centau- 
rea calcitrapa —  c.  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE  OF,  Calcis  murias— 
e.  Chlorure  de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Chlorure  d*  oxide 
de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Protohvdro*ulfate  de, 
Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Protoxiehlorure  de,  Cal- 
cis chloridum  —  c.  Protoxichloruret  of,  Calcis 
chloridum — c.  Protoxide  of,  Calx. 

CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI- 
OITI,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Subpha- 
langeus  pollicis,  Abductor  pollicU  pedis. 

CALCOCOS,  Bell-metal. 

CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula,)  Cuneiform  bones. 

CALCOTAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCUL,  Calculus. 

CALCVLEUX,  Calculous. 

CALCULI,  see  Calculus  —  o.  Articular,  see 
Calculi  Arthritic j  and  Concretions,  articular. 

Calculi,  Alternating,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Calculi,  Arthbit'ic,  Tophi,  Tuber'cula  ar- 
tkrifica,  Chalk-stones,  Nodes,  (F.)  Pierre*  cray- 
eueee,  CalcuU  arthritiquee,  Notuds.  Concretions, 
which  form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within  the  cap- 
sales  of  the  joints,  in  persons  affected  with  gout 
They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and  a  little 
animal  matter;  very  rarely,  urate  of  lime  and  chlo- 
ride of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar  calculi  are 
found  in  other  parts  besides  the  joints. 

Cal'culi,  Bil'iart,  Oal'euli  bilio'si  sea/ett'et 
sea  bilia'rii,  Bil'iary  Concretion*,  Gall-stones, 
CholoVithu*,  Cholel'ithu*,  (F.)  OaUsuU  biliaires, 
Pierre*  an  fiel.  Some  of  these  contain  all  the 
materials  of  the  bile,  and  seem  to  be  nothing 
more  than  that  secretion  thickened.  Several 
contain  Picromel;  and  the  greater  part  are  com- 
posed of  from  88  to  04  parts  of  Choleeterin,  and 
of  from  6  to  12  of  the  yellow  matter  of  the  bile. 
Biliary  calculi  are  most  frequently  found  in  the 
gall-bladder :  at  other  times,  in  the  substance  of 
the  liver,  in  the  branches  of  the  Ductus  hepaticue, 
or  is  the  Ductue  Communis  Oholedochu*.  The 
first  are  called  Cystic;  the  second  Hepatic;  and 
the  last,  sometimes,  Hepatocystic.  The  causes 
which  give  rise  to  them  are  very  obscure.  Often 
they  occasion  no  uneasiness,  and  at  other  times 
the  symptoms  may  be  confounded  with  those  of 
hepatitis.  At  times,  they  are  rejected  by  the 
mouth,  or  by  the  bowels,  along  with  a  considera- 
ble quantity  of  bile,  which  had  accumulated  be- 
hind them ;  at  other  times  they  occasion  violent 
abdominal  inflammation,  abscesses,  and  biliary 
Astute,  rupture  of  the  gall-bladder,  and  fatal 
effusion  into  the  peritoneum.  The  passage  of  a 
gall-stone  is  extremely  painful ;  yet  the  pulse  is 
not  at  first  affected.  Antiphlogistic*,  when  there 
Is  inflammatory  action!  and  strong  doses  of  opium, 


to  allay  the  pain  and  spasm,  with  the  warm  bath, 
are  the  chief  remedies.  Solvents  are  not  to  be 
depended  upon.    They  cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

Calcuki,  Boin  Earth,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c 
Compound,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  o.  Cystic,  see 
Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  op  the  Ears,  (F.)  CalcuU  de  V Oreille. 
Hard,  light,  and  inflammable  concretions,  which 
occur  in  the  meatus  auditorius  cxternu*,  and  are 
merely  indurated  cerumen.  They  are  a  frequent 
cause  of  deafness.  They  can  be  easily  seen,  and 
may  be  extracted  by  appropriate  forceps,  after 
having  been  detached  by  injections  of  soap  and 
water. 

Calculi  Fellei,  Calculi,  biliary  —  c  Fusible, 
see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  Lach'rthal,  (F.)  CalcuU  lacry- 
maux.  Concretions  sometimes,  but  rarely,  form 
in  the  lachrymal  passages,  where  they  occasion 
abscesses  and  fistulas,  which  do  not  heal  until 
they  are  extracted.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Calculi,  Lithtc,  see. Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Mahmjb,  (F.)  CalcuU  dee 
MameUee.  Haller  gives  a  case  of  a  concretion, 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the  shape 
of  one  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  having  been  extracted  from  an  abscess 
seated  in  that  organ. 

Calculi,  Mulberrt,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  or  the  Pan'crbas,  {F.  CalcuU  du 
Pancriae,  These  are  but  little  known.  Ana- 
logy has  induced  a  belief  that  they  resemble 
the  salivary.  Some  have  supposed  that  certain 
transparent  calculi,  rejected  by  vomiting,  or 
passed  in  the  evacuations,  have  proceeded  from 
the  pancreas,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
this  belief. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pineal  Gland,  (F.)  CalcuU 
de  la  Olande  PiniaU.  These  have  been  fre- 
quently met  with.  No  symptom  announces  theit 
presence  daring  life.  They  are  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Prostate,  Prostatic  cal'culi. 
These  are  not  very  rare.  They  have  generally 
the  same  composition  as  the  preceding.  They 
usually  present  the  symptoms  common  to  wery 
tumefaction  of  the  prostate,  and  sometimes  those 
of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'culi  Pul'monary,  (F.)  CalcuU  pulmo- 
nale*. These  concretions  are  very  frequently 
met  with  in  the  dead  body,  without  seeming  to 
have  produced  unpleasant  symptoms  during  life. 
At  other  times,  they  are  accompanied  with  all 
the  symptoms  of  phthisis,  Phthisic  calculeuee,  of 
Bayle.  At  times  they  are  expectorated  without 
the  supervention  of  any  unpleasant  symptom. 
They  are  usually  formed  of  carbonate  of  lime 
and  animal  matter. 

Cal'culi,  Sal'iyart,  Cal'culi  •aliva'Ue,  Sia- 
lol'ithi,  (F.)  CalcuU  salivaire*.  Concretions, 
usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  animal 
matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  substance  of 
the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excretory  ducts. 
In  the  first  case,  they  may  be  mistaken  for  a 
simple  swelling  of  the  gland,*  in  the  second,  they 
may  generally  be  detected  by  the  touch.  They 
may  be  extracted  by  incision  in  the  interior  of 
the  mouth.  The  calculus  developed  in  the  sub* 
lingual  ducts  has  been  called  CaVculue  eublin- 
gua'li*  and  Ran'ula  lapide'a. 

Cal'culi,  Sperhat'ic,  (F.)  CalcuU  eperma- 
tiques.  These  have  been  sometimes  found  in  the 
vesicate  seminates  after  death.  They  cannot  be 
detected  daring  life.  No  analysis  has  been  nude 
of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Stomach  aitd  Iirrxs'Tnrss, 
EnteroVithu*,  B.  CaVculue,  Ooprot'itkue,  Coner*. 


CALCULI 


160 


CALCULI 


fio'nes  alvi'na,  (F.)  Calculi  de  Vestomac,  C.  in- 
testinaux,  Pferres  stercorals,  Concretions  intesti- 
nalee.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  are  rare,  and  hare 
almost  always  been  carried  thither  by  the  anti- 
peristaltic action  of  the  intestines.  The  symp- 
toms occasioned  by  them  are  those  of  chronic 
gastritis.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the  conti- 
nued use  of  absorbent  powders,  as  magnesia,  will 
give  occasion  to  them. 

Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  CalcuU  intestinaux, 
are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Bkzoard:) 
but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  thorn  are  little  known :  sometimes  a 
biliary  calculus  affords  them  a  nucleus.  Their 
composition  varies.  They  are  light,  hard,  very 
fetid,  and  not  inflammable.  They  are  formed, 
ordinarily,  between  the  valvule©  of  the  small  in- 
testines, or  in  the  cells  of  the  large,  and  some- 
times in  old  hernias.  Whilst  they  do  not  ob- 
struct the  passago  of  the  alimentary  mass,  they 
produce  no  unpleasant  symptoms.  At  times,  the 
movable  tumour  which  they  form  may  be  felt 
through  the  pariotes  of  the  abdomen.  They  are 
generally  evacuated  per'  anum, 

Cal'culi  op  the  Tonsils.  Calculous  concre- 
tions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils.  (F.) 
CalcuU  des  Amy  addles.  They  are  easily  recog- 
nised by  the  sight  and  touch:  sometimes  they 


are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone  or  with 
the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by  their  pre- 
sence.   They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

Calculi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  c 
Uric,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  U'rinary,  Urol'ithi,  (F.)  CalcuU 
urinaires,  Pierre*  urinaires.  Concretions  which 
form  from  the  crystallizable  substances  in  the 
urine,  and  which  are  met  with  not  only  in  the 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in  fis- 
tulous openings  wherever  the  urine  stagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  causes  ore  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the  two 
extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and  more 
so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in  others* 
At  times,  a  dot  of  blood,  a  portion  of  mucus,  Ac, 
form  the  nucleus.  The  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment vary  according  to  the  seat  of  the  calculus. 
There  is  no  such  thing  probably  as  a  medical 
solvent,    See  Urinary  Calculi. 

Modern  chymists  have  demonstrated  the  exist- 
ence of  several  components  of  urinary  calculi, 
viz.,  Lithic  Acid,  Phosphate  of  Lime,  Ammoniaco- 
Magnesian  Phosphate,  Oxalate  of  Lime,  Cvstic 
Oxide,  and  Xanthic  Oxide,  with  an  animal  ce- 
menting ingredient.  The  varieties  of  calculi,  pro- 
duced by  the  combination  or  intermixture  of  these 
ingredients,  are  thus  represented  by  Dr.  Paris. 


▲  TABULAB  VXEW  OF  DIFFERENT  SPECIES  OF  T/RIXARY  CALCULI. 


SPECIES  OF  CAL- 
CUU. 

EXTERNAL  CHARACTERS. 

CHYMICAX  COMPOSITION. 

REMARKS. 

1.  lithic  or 
uric 

Form,  a  flattened  oval.    B.  G. 
generally  exceeds  1,500.   Colour, 
brownish  or  fawn-like.  Surface* 
smooth.    Texture,  laminated. 

It  consists  principally  of  Lithic 
jJcid.    When  treated  with  nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  substance 
results.   This  calculus  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  abundantly  so 
in  the  pare  alkalies. 

It  is  the  prevailing 
species ;  but  the  surface 
sometimes  occurs  fine- 
ly tuberculated.  It  fre- 
quently constitutes  the 
nuclei  of  the  other  spe- 
cies. 

8.  MULBERRY. 

Colour,  dark  brown.    Texture, 
harder  than  that  of  the  other 
species.  S.  G.  from  1.438  to  1.976. 
Surface,  studded  with  tubercles. 

It  is  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  de- 
composed in  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  swelling  out  into  a  white 
efflorescence,    which    is   quick- 
lime. 

This  species  includes 
some  varieties,  which 
are  remarkably  smooth 
and  pale-coloured,  re- 
sembling hempseed. 

3.  BORE  EARTH 

Colour,  pale  brown  or  gray; 
surface,  smooth  and   polished ; 
structure,  regularly  laminated; 
the   lamina   easily   separating 
into  concrete  crusts. 

Principally  phosphate  of  time. 
It  is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.  TRtPLR. 

Colour,  generally  brilliant 
white.  Surface,  uneven,  studded 
with  shining  crystals,  less  com- 
pact than  the  preceding  species. 
Between  its  lamine  small  cells 
occur,  filled  with  sparkling  par- 
ticles. 

It  is  an  ammoniaco-magneeian 
phosphate,  generally  mixed  with 
phosphate  of  lime.    Fore  alka- 
lies decompose  ii,  extracting  its 
ammonia. 

This  species  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  of 
tlie  others. 

5.  FUSIBLE. 

Colour,  grayish  white. 

A  compound  of  the  two  fore- 
going species. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreous 
globule. 

8.  CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus, 
but  it  is  unratified  and  more 
compact  and  homogenous. 

It  consists  of  cystic  oxide.   Un - 
der  the  blowpipe  it  yields  a  pe- 
culiarly fetid  odour.    It  is  solu- 
ble in  acids,  and  in   alkalies, 
even  if  they  are  fully  saturated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.  ALTERNA- 
TING. 

its  section  exhibits  different 
concflntric  laminae. 

Compounded  of  several  spe- 
cies, alternating  with  each  other. 

8.  COMPOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The  ingredients  are  separable 
only  by  chymicol  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calculi,  (F.)  CalcuU  rtnaux.  These 
bave  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape: 
at  times,  there  is  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence :  at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
bloody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 
sant results.  They  are  generally  formed  of  uric 
acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime,  with, 
sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment  will  have 
to  vary,  according  to  the  absenoe  or  presence  of 


inflammatory  signs, — relieving  the  irritation  by 
opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can  rarely  be  ap- 
plicable. 

2.  Calculi  of  the  Ureters,  (F.)  CalcuU  de* 
Urttc'res.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  effects,  unless  they  are 
so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  nrine, 
and  to  occasion  distention  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureters  above  them ;  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  4  c.    The 


CALCULIFBAGU3 


161 


CALIGO 


pirn,  during  the  passage,  is  sometimes  very  vio- 
lent, extending  to  the  testicle  of  the  same  side 
in  the  male ;  and  occasioning  a  numbness  of  the 
thigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treatment  consists  in 
general  or  local  blood-letting,  warm  bath,  and 
opiates. 

3.  Calculi,  Vesical;  Stone  in  the  Bladder, 
Lith'ia  Vesica' lis,  Lit  hi' cut's  cystica.  Lit  hi' cuts 
vesica' lis,  Cyttto-lithi'asis,  Dyeu'ria  calculo'sa,  D. 
irrita'ta,  Cal' cuius  veei'cet,  (F.)  Culeuls  visicaux. 
These  are  the  most  common.  Sometimes,  they 
proceed  from  the  kidneys:  most  commonly,  they 
are  formed  in  the  bladder  itself.  Sense  of  weight 
in  the  perin&um,  and  sometimes  of  a  body  roil- 
ing when  the  patient  changes  his  position ;  pain 
or  itching  at  the  extremity  of  the  glans  in  men ; 
frequent  desire  to  pass  the  urine  ;  sadden  stop- 
page to  its  flow;  and  bloody  urine — are  the  chief 
signs  which  induce  a  suspicion  of  their  existence. 
We  cannot,  however,  be  certain  of  this  without 
sounding  the  patient  Sometimes,  when  of  a 
email  size,  they  are  expelled:  most  commonly, 
they  remain  in  the  bladder,  the  disorganisation 
of  which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Calculi  Ure'thral.  They  almost  always  pro- 
ceed from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction,  which 
they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine,  the  hard 
tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned  when  struok 
by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence.  They  are 
removed  by  incision. 

5.  Calculi  of  Fis'tulovs  passages.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  and 
may  generally  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
Caleuls  places  hors  dee  votes  urinaires.  See  Uri- 
nary Calculi. 

Oai/culi  of  thr  U'terttb,  (F.)  Caleuls  de 
V  Utfrus.  These  are  very  rare.  The  signs,  which 
indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of  chronic 
engorgement  of  the  uterus.  Their  existence,  con- 
sequently, cannot  be  proved  till  after  death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptic. 

CAL'CULOUS,  (F.)  Caleuleux,  Oravehux. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

CALCULS  BILIA1RES,  Calculi,  biliary— 
c.  de  FEstomac,  Calculi  of  the  stomach — c.  de  la 
Olande  Pintale,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland — c. 
Intestinaux,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 
— <?.  Lacrymaux,  Calculi,  lachrymal — c.  dee  3fa- 
melles,  Calculi  of  the  mamma?  —  c.  de  V  Oreille, 
Calculi  in  the  ears  —  c.  du  Pancrtas,  Calculi  of 
the  Pancreas — c.  Place's  hors  dee  rote*  urinaires, 
Calculi  of  fistulous  passages  —  c.  Pulmonairee, 
Calculi,  pulmonary — c.  Rtnaux,  Calculi,  renal — 
c.  Salivairee,  Calculi,  salivary — c.  Spermatiques, 
Calculi,  spermatic— c.  Urinaires,  Calculi,  urinary 
—  c.  dee  Uritlree,  Calculi  of  the  ureters  —  c.  de 
YUttrus,  Calculi  of  the  uterus — c.  VSsicaux,  Cal- 
culi, vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  Lithoe,  \t$oe.  A  dimi- 
nutive of  calx,  a  lime-stone.  (F.)  Calcxd,  Pierre. 
Calculi  are  concretions,  which  may  form  in  every 
part  of  the  animal  body,  but  are  most  fre- 
quently found  in  the  organs  that  act  as  reservoirs, 
and  in  the  excretory  canals.  They  are  met  with 
in  the  tonsils,  joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  pas- 
sages, lachrymal  ducts,  mammae,  pancreas,  pineal 
gland,  prostate,  lungs,  salivary,  spermatic  and 
urinary  passages,  and  in  the  uterus.  The  causes 
which  give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  passes  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
occur  in  the  substance  of  an  organ  are  regarded 


as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
general  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
produce  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  differ,  according  to 
the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  importance 
of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge  they 
impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  impracti- 
cable: spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is 
the  only  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 

Calcclu8  Bezoar,  Bezoard — c  Dentalis, 
Odontoliths  —  c.  Encysted,  Caleul  ehaionn( — c 
Sublingualis,  see  Calculi,  salivary  —  c  Vesica?, 
Calculus,  vesical. 

CALDAS,  WATERS  OF.  Caldai  is  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  minora! 
springs,  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosulphuric 
acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  sulphuret 
of  iron,  silica,  and  alumina.  They  are  much 
used  in  atonic  gout  They  are  thermal.  Tem- 
perature 93°  Fahrenheit 

CALDE'RLS  ITAL'ICiE.  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dysuria. 

CALEBASSES,  Cuourbita  lagenaria. 

CALEFA'CIENTS,  Calefacien'tia,  Therman'- 
tica,  from  calidus,  *  warm/  and  /ado,  ' 1  make.' 
(F.)  Echauffante.  Substances  which  excite  a  de- 
gree of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  as  mustard,  pepper,  Ac.  They  belong 
to  the  class  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  JZchavffemcnU 

CALENDULA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana. 

Calen'dttla  Arven'sis,  Caltha  Arven'sis  sen 
officinalis,  Wild  Mar'igold,  (F.)  Souci  dee 
Champs.  This  is,  sometimes,  preferred  to  the 
last  Its  juice  has  been  given,  in  the  dose  of 
from  f§j  to  f^iv»  in  jaundice  and  cachexia. 

Calen'dula  Officinalis,  C.  Sati'va,  Chry- 
santhemum, Sponsa  salt's,  Caltha  vulya'ris  ;  Ver- 
ruca'ria,  Single  Mar'igold,  Garden  Mar'igold, 
(F.)  Souci,  S.  ordinaire.  Family,  Synanthereae, 
Syngenesia  necessaria,  Linn.  So  called  from 
flowering  every  calend.  The  flowers  and  leaves 
have  been  exhibited  as  aperients,  diaphoretics, 
Ac,  and  have  been  highly  extolled  in  cancer. 

CALENDULAS  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum. 

CALENTU'RA,  from  calere,  'to  be  warm.' 
The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.  A  species 
of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are  subject 
in  the  torrid  rone:  —  a  kind  of  phrenitis,  the 
attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  after  a  broil- 
ing day,  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by  a  de- 
sire in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into  the  sea. 
It  is  only  a  varjtety  of  phrenitis. 

Calentura  Conttnua,  Synocha. 

CALENTU'RAS;  Palode  Calentu'rae.  Pomet 
and  Lemery  say,  that  these  words  are  sometimes 
applied  to  cinchona.  Camelli  says,  they  mean, 
also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles,  tho  wood  of 
which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 

CALF  OF  THE  LEG,  Sura. 

CALICE,  Calix. 

C ALICES  R&NALES,  see  Calix. 

CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

CALIDUM  ANIMALE,  Animal  heat—  c.  In- 
natum,  Animal  heat 

CALIOATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist'  Achlye,  (F.)  BrouiUard, 
An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon  a  speck 
on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  itself;  Caligo  cor- 
nea, Mac'ula  cornea,  M.  semipellu'cida,  PhtKar- 
ma  caligo,  C.  d  nepheVio,  Hebetu'do  visue,  C.  4 
Leuoe'matt,  Nel'ula,  Opake  cornea,  Wsb-eys,  (F.) 


CALIHACHA 


1M 


CALUMBA 


Nouage  de  la  Cornie,  Taye,  Obscurcissement  de 
la  m. 

Caligo  Lentis,  Cataract — c.  Pupillas,  Syne- 
sisis —  c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis —  o.  Tenebrarum, 
Hcmeralopia. 

CALIHACHA  CANELLA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CALIX,  Calyx,  Jn/undib'ulum,  from  raXtf,  'a 
rnp.'  (F.)  Calice,  Entonnoir.  Anatomists  have 
given  this  name  to  Bmall  membranous  canals, 
which  surround  the  papillse  of  the  kidney,  and 
open  into  its  pelvis,  whither  they  convey  the 
urine: — Cal'ices  rcna'lce,  Cyliud'ri  membrana' cei 
Renum,  Fistula  ure'terum  renum,  Candles  mem- 
bra'nei  Renum,  Tu'buli  pelvis  renum.  Their 
number  varies  from  6  to  12  in  each  kidney. 

Calix  Vomitoria,  Goblet,  emetic. 

(1ALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLIBLEPH'ARUM,  from  *«Xao*  'beauty/ 
and  (3\E\papov,  '  eyelid.'  A  remedy  for  beautify- 
ing the  eyelids. 

CALLICANTHUS,  Calycanthus. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

CALLICREAS,  Pancreas. 

CALLIOMARCUUS,  Tussilago. 

CALLIP-dS'DIA,  from  JtaXAos,  'beauty,'  and 
vats,  vaiSoi,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting  beau- 
tiful ohildren.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem  by 
Claude  Quillet,  in  1655  j  "Callipadia  sire  de  pul- 
chra  prolis  habenda  ratione."  The  author  ab- 
surdly supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  sensations  which  the  mother  ex- 
periences during  her  pregnancy. 

CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOCQUE,  see  Pel- 
vimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA,  Cosmetics. 

CALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
Boides. 

CALLIP'YGOS,  from  xaXXot,  'beauty/  and 
■tvyn,  'buttocks.'  A  cognomen  of  Venus,  owing 
to  her  beautiful  nates. 

CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NI.  A  South  African 
tree,  Nat.  Ord.  Conifers,  from  the  branches 
and  cones  of  which  a  gum  exudes,  that  resem- 
bles Gum  Sandarac.  This  is  successfully  used 
in  the  form  of  fumigations  in  gout,  rheumatism, 
(Edematous  swellings,  Ac. 

Callitris  CuPKKSso'iDEB,  a  common  shrub  in 
Che  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town,  exudes  a  simi- 
lar subntance. 

CALLOSITAS,  Induration  —  c.  Palpebrarum, 
Soleriasis — c.  Vesica;,  Cystauxe. 

CALLOS'ITY,  Callos'itas,  Scyros,  Tyle,  Tylus, 
Tylofmqt  Tylo'sis,  DermatoscUro'sis,  Dermatoty- 
lo'ma,  Dermatotylo'sis,  Dermatot'ylus,  Porus,  Ec- 
phy'ma  Callus.  Hardness,  induration,  and  thick- 
ness of  the  skin,  which  assumes  a  horny  consist- 
ence, in  places  where  it  is  exposed  to  constant 
pressure.  (F.)  Durillon.  Also  the  induration, 
which  is  observed  in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  fis- 
tulous passages,  Ac. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'sus,  Ochtho'des,  from  callus, 
'hardness.'  (F.)  Calleux.  That  which  is  hard 
or  indurated.  A  Callous  Ulcer  is  one  whose  edges 
are  thick  and  indurated. 

CALLUM  PEDIS,  Instep. 

CALLUNA  ERICA,  Erica  vulgaris  — c.  Vul- 
garis, Erica  vulgaris. 

CALLUS,  Cains,  Galium,  Osteot'ylus,  (F.)  Cal. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a  ce- 
ment, and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The  words 
are,  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the  same  sense 
as  Callosity. 

Callus,  Provisional.  When  the  shaft  of  a 
Jong  bone  has  been  broken  through,  and  the  ex- 
tremities have  been  brought  in  exact  juxtaposi- 
tion, the  new  matter,  first  ossified,  is  that  which 


occupies  the  oentral  portion  of  the  deposit,  and 
thus  connects  the  medullary  cavities  of  the  broken 
ends,  forming  a  kind  of  plug,  which  enters  each. 
This  was  termed  by  M.  Dupuytren  the  provi- 
sional Callus. 

CALM  ANTS,  Sedatives. 

CALME,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates  the 
paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease.  When 
the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  intermission  is 
used. 

CAL0M6A,  Calumba. 

CALOMEL,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A  term  applied  to  the 
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations  occasioned  by 
the  internal  ubo  of  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 

CALOMELANOS  TORQUETI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias. 

Calomelanos  Tubqueti.  A  name  given  by 
Riverius  to  purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calo- 
mel, sulphur,  and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALO'NIA,  KaXwta.  An  epithet  formerly 
given  to  myrrh. — Hippocrates.     See  Myrrha. 

CALOPHYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat — c  Animal  is,  Animal  heat — 
c.  Nativus,  Animal  heat. 

OALORICITlZ,  (F.)  Calorie"itas.  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies  of  generating  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  caloric  to  enable  them  to  resist 
atmospheric  cold,  and  to  preserve,  at  all  times 
and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly  equal. 
See  Animal  Heat 

CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorifiant,  Calorifa'- 
ciens,  Calorifi'ans:  from  calor,  'heat,'  and/acere, 
'to  make.'  Having  the  power  of  producing 
heat.    Relating  to  the  power  of  producing  heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorijica'tio,  from  ca- 
lor,  '  heat/  and  fieri, '  to  be  made.'  The  function 
of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALORINJtSES,  from  color,  'heat'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baumes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases,  characterized  by  a  sensible 
change  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat  The  Ca- 
lorin&ses  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,  Mudar—  c.  Mu- 
darii,  Mudar. 

CALOTTE,  (F.)  Pile'olum.  Anatomists  some- 
times give  the  name,  Calotte  apon£vrotiquc,  to 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  occipito-frontalis  muscle, 
which  covers  it  externally ;  and  that  of  Calott* 
du  crane  to  the  scull-cap. 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring  under 
tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after  the  hair 
has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is  pulled  sud- 
denly and  violently  off,  in  order  to  remove  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also,  a  sort  of  coif 
made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by  those  who  have 
undergone  the  operation  of  trepanning,  &c. 

CALOTTE  D'ASSURAXCE,  Condom. 

CALTHA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana— c.  Ar- 
vensis,  Calendula  arvensis — c.  Officinalis.  Calen- 
dula arvensis — c.  Vulgaris,  Calendula  officinalis. 

CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  natans. 

CALUM'BA,  Cohm'bo,  Calom'ba,  Colom'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S.;)  Columbo,  Radix  Columbat,  (F.)  CV»- 
lumbe  ou  Columbe.     The  root  of  Menuper'mm* 

f\alma'tum,  Coc'culus  palma'tus,  indigenous  in 
ndia  and  Africa.  Its  odour  is  slightly  aromatic; 
taste  unpleasantly  bitter.  It  is  tonic  and  anti- 
septic.    Dose,  gr.  10  to  3J  in  powder. 

Calcvba,  American,  Frase'ra  Waltcri,  F. 
Carolinien'sia,  F.  Officinalis,  Sicer'tia  difform'is, 
Sw.  Frase'ra,  American  or  if  arietta  tolvmbo, 
Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow  Gentian,  Golden  Seal, 
Meadow  pride,  Pyramid,  is  used  in  the  earn* 
eases  as  tne  true  Calumba. 


CALUS 


163         CAMPHOROSMA  MONSPELIACA 


CALUS,  Callus. 
CALVA,  Cranium. 

Calva,  Calva'ria.    The  cranium;  the  upper 
part  especially ;  the  skull-cap ; — the  Vault  of  the 
Cranium,  Cam' era, 
CALYARIA,  Cranium. 

CALYA'TA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 
CALVER'S  PHYSIC,  Lcptandra  Virginica. 
CALVIT"IES,  Calvifium,  Phal'acra,  Phala- 
cro'tie,  Glabrit"ie«,  Ophi'aeie,  Depila'tio  Cap'- 
%tie,Phalacro'ma,  Madaro'tie,  Lipeotrich' ia,  Bald- 
ness, Ac,  from  calvus,  'bald,'  (F.)  Chauveti. 
Absence  of  hair,  particularly  at  the  top  of,  and 
behind,  the  head.  Calvit"iee  palpebrarum, — 
loss  of  the  eye-lashes. 

CALX,  Lime,  Ca'rium  Terra,  Protox'ide  of 
Cal'cium,  Calca'ria  pura,  (F.)  Chaux.  The  lime, 
employed  in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  pre- 
pared by  calcination.  When  water  is  sprinkled 
over  caustic  lime,  we  have  $laked  lime,  hydrate 
of  lime, — the  Calcis  Hydras  of  the  London  phar- 
macopoeia. 

Calx,  see  Calcaneum  —  o.  Chlorinata,  Calcis 
chloridum — c  Cum  kali  puro,  Potassa  cum  calce 
— o.  Sulita,  Calois  murias— c.  Bismuthi,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

Calx  b  Testis;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages  over 
that  prepared  from  marble. 
Calx  Oxtmuriatica,  Calcis  chloridum. 
Calx  Viva,  Ox'idwn  Cal'cii,  Calx  recens,  Fu- 
mant  nix,  Calx  usta,  Calx  et  Calx  viva,  Lime  or 
Quicklime,  (F.)  Chaux  five.  The  external  ope- 
ration of  calx  viva  is  escharotic,  but  it  is  rarely 
used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting  agent.  It  is 
employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor  Calcis. 
CALYCAmK'V8,C.Flor'idu*,Callican,thu*,(?) 
Carol? na  Allspice,  Sweet-scented  shrub,  Sweet 
shrub.  An  indigenous  plant;  Order,  Calycan- 
thaceto ;  with  purplish  flowers,  of  strong,  agree- 
able odour,  which  appear  from  March  to  June. 
The  root  is  possessed  of  emetic  properties. 

CALYPTRANTHES  CORYOPHYLLATA, 
Hyrtns  caryophyllata. 

CALYSTEGIA  SEPITJM,  Convolvulus  sepium 
— c.  Soldanella,  Convulvulus  soldanella. 
CALYX,  Calix. 
CAMARA,  Calva. 
"      CAMAREZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Ca- 
marez  is  a  small  canton  near  Sylvands,  in  the 
department  of  Aveyron,  France,  where  there  are 
acidulous  chalybeates. 

CAMARO'SIS,  Camaro'ma,  from  Kapapa,  'a 
vault;'  Camera' tio,  Testudina'tio  Cra'nii.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  the  frag- 
ments are  placed  so  as  to  form  a  vault,  with  its 
base  resting  on  the  dura  mater.  —  Galen,  Paulus 
of  JEgina. 

CAMBING.  A  tree  of  the  Molucca  Islands, 
from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum-resin  ex 
udes,  which  has  been  highly  extolled  in  dysen 
tery.  It  appears  to  have  some  resemblance  to 
the  simarouba. — Rumphius. 

CAMBIUM,  '  Exchange.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  a  fancied  nutritive  juice,  which  was 
jupposed  to  originate  in  the  blood,  to  repair  the 
tosses  of  every  organ,  and  produce  their  increase. 
— Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  vil 
(age  in  the  department  of  Basses  Pyr6n6es, 
France,  where  there  are  two  mineral  springs; 
the  one  an  acidulous  chalybeate,  the  other  sul- 
phureous. Temperature,  62°  to  69°  Fahrenheit 
CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. 
CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  East  In- 
dies, where  it  is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise,  its 
names  Cambo'dia,  Cambo'gium,  Gambo'gia,  Gam- 


bo'gium,  Gambu'gium.    It  is  called,  also,  Gntta, 
Gutta  gamba,  Gummi  Gutta,  Catagau'na,  Catta- 
gau'ma,  Chrysopus,  LaxaU'vus  Jnd'icve,  Gummi 
Bo'gia.  G.  gaman'dra,  G.  de  Goa,  G.  de  Jemu, 
Chitta  jemoco,  Gutta  Qaman'dras,  Gummi  ad  Pod' - 
agram,  Camboge  or  Gamboge,  Ac,  (F.)  Gomme 
Gutte.    Ord.  Guttiferss.    A  yellow  juice  obtained 
from  Hebradendron    Cambogioi'des,  and    other 
plants  of  the  natural  family  Guttiferse,  but  it  is 
not  known  from  which  of  them  the  officinal  cam- 
boge is  obtained.    It  is  inodorous,  of  an  orange 
yellow    colour;    opake    and    brittle;    fracture, 
glassy ;  is  a  drastic  cathartic,  emetic  and  anthel- 
mintic ;  and  is  used  in  visceral  obstructions  and 
dropsy,  and  wherever  powerful  hydragogue  ca- 
thartics are  required.     Dose  from  gr.  ij  to  vi,  in 
powder,  united  with  calomel,  squill,  Ac. 
Cambooia  Gutta,  Garcinia  cambogia. 
CAMBU'CA,  Cambuc'ca  membra' to.    Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  the  groin  or  near 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 
GAMEL&E,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 
CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault— c.  Cordis, 
Pericardium  —  c.  Oculi,  Chamber  of  the  eye. 
CAMERATIO,  Camarosis. 
CAMFOROSMA,  Camphorosma. 
CAMINGA,  Canella  alba. 
CAMISIA  F<ETUS,  Chorion. 
CAMISOLE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 
CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

OAMOMILLE  FETIDE,  Anthcmis  cotnla— 
c.  Puante,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  fiomaine,  Antbe- 
mis  nobilis — e.  dee  Teinturiers,  An  the  mis  tincto- 
ria  —  e.  Vulgaire,  Matricaria  charaomilla. 

CAM0S1ERS,  WATERS  OF.  Camosiers  is 
a  canton,  two  leagues  from  Marseilles,  where  are 
two  springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  eul- 
phur,  chloride  of  sodium,  Ac.  They  are  purga- 
tive, and  used  in  skin  complaints. 
CAMOTES,  Convolvulus  batatas. 
CAMPAGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Campagne  is  in  the  department  of  Aude,  France. 
The  waters  contain  sulphate  and  chlorobydrate 
of  magnesia.     Temperature,  80°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMPANULA.  Diminutive  of  Campana.  A 
bell. 

Campanula  Trache'liuv,  Canterbury  Sell  or 
Throatwort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction,  in 
relaxation  of  the  fauces.    It  is,  also,  called  Cer- 
vica'ria. 
CAMPE,  Flexion. 
CAMPHIRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  from  Arab.  Ca'phur  or  Kam'phur, 
Cam'phora,  Caphura,  Caffa,  Caf,  Cafur,  Capho- 
ra,  Altafor,  Camphire,  Camphor,  (F.)  Camphre. 
A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by  distillation, 
from  Laurue  Camphora,  Per'sea  Cam'fora,  an 
indigenous  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  Order, 
Lauriness.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant :  it 
is  volatile,  not  easily  pulverizable ;  texture  crys- 
talline. Soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  oils,  vinegar, 
and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its  properties  are  nar- 
cotic, diaphoretic,  and  sedative.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to 
J)j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it  is  applied 
externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises,  sprains,  Ac. 
Camphor  Water,  Mistura  Camphone. 
CAMPHOR A'CEO  US,  Camphora' ecu*.  Rela- 
ting to  or  containing  camphor; — as  ^*  camphor- 
aceous  smell  or  remedy.' 

CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA  et  C.  MONSPE- 
LIENSIUM,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Camphora'tus,  (F.)  Cam- 
phrL  Relating  to  camphor;  containing  cam- 
phor; as  a  camphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
draught. 

CAMPHOROS'MA  MONSPELIACA,  C.  Pe. 
rtn'nie,  from  Camphor,  and  ocpit,  *  odour/  Sela'go, 
Camphora' ta  hirsu'ta  sen  Monspefan'rium,  Hat)  f 


CAMPERE 


164 


CANARIES 


Camphoros'tna,  (F.)  Campkrte  de  MontpeUier. 
Family,  Atripliceae.  Sex.  Syst,  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has 
an  odour  of  oamphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  Ac.  It  is 
also  called  Chamapcu'ci  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine. 

Camphorosma  Pebennis,  C.  Monspeliaca* 

CAMPHRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHR&,  Camphorated. 

CAMPHRE  DE  MONTPELLIER,  Cam- 
phorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.  A 
tree,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high,  which  grows  in 
Pern,  and  whose  fruit— -palillo,  of  a  bright  yellow 
colour,  and  as  large  as  a  moderate-sized  apple — 
has  an  exceedingly  agreeable  scent,  and  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  making  the  perfumed  water 
called  mistura. — Tschudi. 

CAMPSIS,  Flex'io,  Curva'tio,  InfUxfio.  Bone 
or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its  proper  shape, 
without  breaking. — Good. 

Cavpsis  Depres8io,  Depression. 

CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS;  from  ta^os, 
1  crooked/  and  pagi;,  '  spine.'  A  monster  whose 
spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'NUSj  from  mumjXot, 
'crooked/  and  ptv,  'nose/  A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis. 

CAMPYLUM,  Cataclasis. 

CAMUS,  (F.)  Simus,  Resi'mus,  Simo,  Silo,  Si- 
lus.  One  who  has  a  short,  stumpy  nose.  The 
French  speak  of  Nez  camus,  l  short  nose.' 

CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisdrba  canadensis. 

CANAL,  Cana'lis,  Ductus,  Mea'tus,  Poros, 
Och'etos,  (F.)  Conduit.  A  channel  for  affording 
passage  to  liquids,  or  solids,  or  to  certain  organ?. 

Canal,  Alimen'tart,  C.  Diges'tive,  Cana'li* 
ciba'rius  vel  digesti'vus,  Ductus  'ciba'rius,  Tubus 
alimenta'ris  seu  intestino'rum,  Diges'tive  Tube, 
Aliment' ary  Duct  or  Tube.  The  canal  extending 
from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Arach'noid,  Cana'lis  Bichat'ii,  Canal 
of  Bichat.  A  canal  formed  by  the  extension  of 
the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and  longitudi- 
nal fissures  of  the  brain,  which  surrounds  the  vena 
magna  Galeni.  The  orifice  of  the  canal  has 
been  termed  the  Foramen  of  Bichat. 

CANAL  ARTjSRIEL,  Arterial  duct  —  c.  de 
Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus —  c.  of  Bichat, 
Canal,  arachnoid — e.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  GodronnS 
canal  —  c.  Carotidien,  Carotid  canal  —  c.  ChoU- 
daque,  Choiedooh  duct — o.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  canal 
— c.  of  Cotunnius,  Aquaduotus  Testibuli — c.  of 
Fontana,  Ciliary  canal — c.  GoudronnS,  GodronnS 
canal— -c.  Hfpatique,  Hepatic  duct. 

Canal,  Hy'aloid.  A  cylindrical  passage,  de- 
scribed by  M.  J.  Cloqnet  as  formed  by  the  reflec- 
tion of  the  hyaloid  membrane  into  the  interior 
of  the  vitreous  body  around  the  nutritious  artery 
of  the  lens.  M.  Cruveilhier  has  never  been  able 
to  see  it 

Canal,  Inci'sive,  see  Palatine  canals — c.  Infra- 
orbital Suborbitar  canal — c.  Inficxe  de  Fos  tern, 
poral,  Carotid  canal — e.  IntermSdiare  des  ventri- 
eules,  Aquaaductus  Sylvii. 

Canal  Inteb'tinal.  Cana'lis  seu  Ductus  intes- 
tina-lis.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal  formed 
by  the  intestines. 

Canal  of  Jacobbon,  Canal,  tympanic. 

Canal,  Med'ullary.  The  cylindrical  cavity 
in  the  body  or  shaft  of  a  long  bone,  which  con- 
tains the  marrow. 

Canal,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  canal. 

Canal  op  Nuck.  A  cylindrical  sheath  formed 
around  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  peritoneum  into  the  inguinal 
oanaL 


CANAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronni  canal  — c. 
Pulmo-aortique,  Arterial  duot — o.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  of  Schlexv.  A  minute  circular  canal, 
discovered  by  Professor  Schlemm,  of  Berlin.  It 
is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  cornea  and 
sclerotica. 

Canal,  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal  —  c.  Spiroids 
de  Fos  temporal,  AqusBduotus  Fallopii — c.  de  Ste- 
non,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  e.  Thoracique, 
Thoracic  duot — c.  Veineux,  Canal,  venous  —  e. 
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina — c.  de  Warthon,  Ductus 
salivalis  inferior. 

Canal,  Tym'panic,  Cana'lis  tympan'icus,  Canal 
of  Ja'cobson.  A  canal  which  opens  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  between  the  carotid  canal  and  the  groove 
for  the  internal  jugular  vein.  It  contains  Jacob- 
son's  nerve. 

Canal,  Venous,  Cana'lis  seu  Du&us  veno'sus, 
(F.)  Canal  veineux.  A  canal,  which  exists  only 
in  the  foetus.  It  extends  from  the  bifurcation  of 
the  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena  cava  inferior,  into 
which  it  opens  below  the  diaphragm.  At  times, 
it  ends  in  one  of  the  infra-hepatic  veins.  It  pours 
into  the  oava  a  part  of  the  blood,  which  passes 
from  the  placenta  by  the  umbilical  vein.  After 
birth,  it  becomes  a  fibre-cellular  cord. 

Canal  op  Wirsuno,  see  Pancreas. 

CANA'LES  BRE8CHETI.  Canals  in  the 
diploe  for  the  passage,  of  veins ;  so  called  after 
M.  Breschet 

Canales  Circulares,  Semicircular  canals— c. 
Cochleae,  Scalae  of  the  cochlea — c.  Lachrymales, 
Lachrymal  ducts — c.  Membrane!  renum,  see  Calix 
— c.  Tubseformes,  Semicircular  canals. 

CANALICULATED,  Grooved. 

CANALICULATUS,  CanniU,  Grooved. 

CANALICULUS,  Grooved. 

CANALICULI  HAVERSIANS  Canals,  nu- 
tritive  —  c.  Lachrymales,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  o. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c.  Semicirculares, 
Semicircular  canals— c.  Vasculosi,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  of  Bone,  see  Lacnnse  of  Bone. 

CANALICULUS,  diminutive  of  canalis,  'a 
channel.'  A  small  channel.   See  Lacunas  of  Bone. 

CANALIS,  Meatus — c.  Arteriosus,  Arterial 
duct — c.  Bichatii,  Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Canalicu- 
lars, Gorget — o.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  De- 
ferens, Deferens,  vas  —  c.  Eminentiee  quadrige- 
minae,  Aqusaductus  Sylvii — c.  Intestinorum,  In- 
testinal tube — c.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal  or  nasal 
duct — c.  Medius,  Aqusaductus  Sylvii — c.  Medulla? 
Spinalis,  see  Vertebral  column— c.  Nerveus  fistu- 
losus  renum,  Ureter — c.  Orbit®  nasalis,  Lachry- 
mal or  nasal  duct — c.  Scalarum  communis,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  cochlea — c.  Semicircularis  ho- 
rizontalis,  see  Semicircular  Canals  —  c.  Seniieir- 
oularis  verticalis  posterior,  see  Semicircular  Ca- 
nals—  c.  Semicircularis  verticalis  superior,  seo 
Semicircular  canals — c.  Tympanicus,  Canal,  tym- 
panic— c.  Urinarius,  Urethra — c.  Vidianus,  Pte- 
rygoid canal. 

CANALS  OF  HAVERS,  Canals,  nutritive  of 
bones — c.  Haversian,  Canals,  nutritive,  of  bones. 

Canals,  Nutritive,  Canals  for  the  nutrition 
of  bones,  Ductus  nutrif'ii,  Canalic'uli  vaseulo'mi 
seu  Haversia'ni,  Haversian  Canals,  Canah  of 
Havers,  (F.)  Canaux  nourriciers  ou  du  Nutrition 
des  os,  Conduits  nourriciers  ou  nutriciers.  The 
canals  through  which  the  vessels  pass  to  the 
bones.  They  are  lined  by  a  very  fine  lamina  of 
compact  texture,  or  are  formed  in  the  texture 
itself.  There  is,  generally,  one  large  nutritious 
canal  in  a  long  bone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 

CANAPACIA,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Ma- 
deira.    That  of  the  latter,  however,  is  more 


CANARIUM  COMMUNE 


165 


CANCER 


equable,  and  the  accommodation  for  invalids 
much  superior. 

CANARIUM  COMMUNE,  see  Amyria  elemi- 
fera. 

CANARY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canariensis. 

CANAUX  AQUEUX,  see  Aqueous— e.  flewt- 
eirculairet,  Semicircular  canals — c.  £jaculateure, 
I^aculatory  ducts — c.  Nourriciere,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  de  Nutrition  de*  o»,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord- 
ing to  Bichat,  the  bony  canals  intended  to  give 
passage  to  vessels  and  nerves  going  to  parts  more 
or  less  distant ;  as  the  Cana'lia  Carot'icue,  Ac. 

CANAUX  YEINEUX,  Venous  CanaU.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  venous 
blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
and  resins,  exported  from  Africa,  where  it  is  used 
to  deterge  wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by  the 
name  Kayxauov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian  tree, 
which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  disagreea- 
ble taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous  diseases. 
This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime. 

CANCAMY,  Anime. 

CANCELLATED,  Cancella'tu*,  (P.)  CancelU; 
from  CancelU,  'lattice-work.'  Formed  of  can- 
celli,  as  the  'cancellated  structure  of  bone.' 

CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice- work.'  The  Cellular 
OT  Spongy  Texture  of  Bonen,  (F.)  Tiseu  celluleux; 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating  with 
each  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter,  analo- 
gous to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with,  prin- 
cipally, at  the  extremities  of  long  bones ;  and 
some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost  wholly  of 


it  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the  extremities 
of  bones,  without  adding  to  their  weight;  and 
deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'  A  spe- 
cies of  crayfish,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  and  Ber- 
nard the  Hermit :  which  is  said  to  cure  rheuma- 
tism, if  rubbed  on  the  part 

CANCER,  'a  crab.'  Car'cxno;  Lupin  cancro'- 
sus.  A  disease,  so  called  either  on  account  of  the 
hideous  appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer 
presents,  or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which 
surround  it,  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab:  called  also  Carcino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  firm,  whitish,  divergent  bands;  and 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  seoernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  extend 
to  other  parte.  The  tumour,  ultimately,  termi- 
nates in  a  fetid  .and  ichorous  nicer, — Ulcut 
camro'tum.  It  is  distinguished,  according  to  its 
stages,  into  occult  and  open;  the  former  being 
the  scirrhous,  the  latter  the  ulcerated  condition. 
At  times,  there  is  a  simple  destruction  or  erosion 
of  the  organs,  at  others,  an  encephaloid  or  cere- 
bri/orm,  and,  at  others,  again,  a  colloid  degene- 
ration. 

For  its  production,  it  requires  a  peculiar  dia- 
thesis, or  cachexia.  The  following  table,  from 
Dr.  Walshe,  exhibits  the  characters  of  the  three 
species  of  carcinoma : 

The  use  of  irritants  in  cancerous  affections  is 
strongly  to  be  deprecated.  When  the  disease  is 
so  situate  that  excision  can  be  practised,  the 
sooner  it  is  removed  the  better. 


EncepkaUrid. 

Resembles  tabulated  cerebral 
matter. 

Is  commonly  opake  from  its  ear- 
liest formation. 

Is  of  a  dead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

Is  less  hard  and  dense  than  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuing  from  the  diseased  mass. 

The  predominant  microscopical 
elements  are  globular,  not  always 
distinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor- 
puse'ula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enor- 
mous bulk. 

Has  been  observed  in  almost 
every  tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  commonly  co-exists  In  se- 
veral parts  or  organs  of  the  same 
subject. 

Is  remarkable  for  Its  occasional 
vast  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  insterti- 
tial  hemorrhage  and  deposition  of 
black  or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  pulp,  ap- 
pears as  a  dead  white  or  pink  opake 
matter  of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  are  slow 
to  contract  adhesion  with  the  skin. 

Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre- 
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhage, 
followed  by  rapid  fungous  develop- 
ment. 


The  progress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  the  most  common  form  un- 
der  which  secondary  cancer  exhi- 
bits itself 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre- 
quently observed  in  young  subjects. 


Scirrku*. 

Resembles  rind  of  bacon  tra* 
versed  by  cellulo-flbrous  septa. 

Has  a  semi-transparent  glossi- 
ness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish 
yellow  tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  with 
vessels. 

Is  exceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  been  distinctly  detected 
in  this  situation. 

The  main  microscopical  consti- 
tuents are  juxtaposed  nuclear  cells ; 
caudate  corpuscular  do  not  exist 
in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimen- 
sions than  an  orange. 

Its  seat,  as  ascertained  by  obser- 
vation, is  somewhat  more  limited. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 


Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  the  seat 
of  these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitransparenl  ge- 
latinous matter. 

Scirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes adherent. 

Scirrhous  ulcers  much  less  fre- 
quently give  rise  to  hemorrhage ; 
and  fungous  growths  (provided 
they  retain  the  scirrhous  charac- 
ter) are  now  more  slowly  and  less 
abundantly  developed. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkable 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  much  less  common  before  pu- 
berty. 


Colloid, 

Has  the  appearance  of  particles  of 
Jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular  alveolar  bed. 

The  contained  matter  is  strik- 
ingly transparent. 

Greenish  yellow  is  its  predomi- 
nant hue. 

Its  vessels  have  not  been  sum- 
ciently  examined  as  yet. 

The  jelly-like  matter  is  exceed- 
ingly soft  ;  a  colloid  mass  is,  how- 
ever, firm  and  resisting. 

The  pultnceous  variety  has  been 
detected  in  the  veins. 

Is  composed  of  shells  in  a  state 
o(  tmboUswiSHL 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  limited 
number  of  parts  only. 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  af 
rapidity. 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of 
the  kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adults 
only. 


CANCER 


166 


CANINE 


Cancer  Alveolaris,  Colloid. 

Cancer  Aquat'icus,  Gan'grenous  eiomati'tis, 
Canerum  Oris,  Gangranop'sis,  Canker  of  the 
mouth,  Gangrenous  tore  mouth,  Sloughing  Phage- 
da'na  of  the  mouth,  Water  Canker :  called,  also, 
Aphtha  terpen' t€8,  Gangra'na  Oris,  Noma,  Nome", 
Nomus,  Pseudocarcino'ma  la' bit,  Stomac*  aci  gan- 
grano'ga,  Chcitoc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Uli'tis  sep'tica, 
Cheilomala'cia,  Scorbu'tus  Oris,  Stomatomala'eia 
pu'trtda,  Stomatosep'sis,  Stomatonecro'sis,  Car- 
bun' cuius  labio'rum  et  gena'rum,  (¥.)  Cancer 
aquatique,  Stomatite  gangrSneuse,  <fe  Charbon- 
neuse,  Gangrhie  de  la  Bouche,  Sphaclle  de  la 
Bouche,  Figarite,  Aphthe  gangrineux.  Certain 
sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers  of  the  mouth, — 
so  called,  perhaps,  because  they  are  often  accom- 
panied with  an  afflux  of  saliva.  The  disease  is 
not  uncommon  in  children's  asylums,  and  de- 
mands the  same  treatment  as  hospital  gangrene ; 
— the  employment  of  caustics,  and  internal  and 
external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  AQUATIQUE,  Cancer  aquaticus, 
Stomacace — c.  Ariolaire,  Colloid — c.  Astacus,  see 
Cancrorum  chela) — c.  Black,  Melanosis — e.  Ca- 
minariorum,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — o.  Cel- 
lular, Encephaloid — c.  C&rtbriforme,  see  Enoe- 
phaloid. 

Cancer,  Chimney-sweepers',  Soohcart,  Can- 
eer  mundito'rum,  Cancer  purgato'ris  infumic'uli, 
Cancer  scu  carcino'ma  scroti,  Cancer  caminario'- 
rum,  Oachcocarcino'ma,  Oschocarcino'ma,  (F.) 
Cancer  dee  Ramoncurs.  This  affection  begins 
with  a  superficial,  painful,  irregular  ulcer  with 
hard  and  elevated  edges  occupying  the  lower 
part  of  the  scrotum.  Extirpation  of  the  diseased 
part  is  the  only  means  of  effecting  a  cure. 

Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Conl- 
uin  maculatum — c.  du  Foie,  Hipatosarcomie—c. 
Fibrous,  Scirrhus. 

Cancer  Gale'nt,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Oalien.  A 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling, 
rudely,  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chef  a  or  heads, 
which  is  called  the  Bandage  of  Galen  or  B.  of 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  DE  GALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni— <5. 
Gelatiniform,  Colloid — c.  Gelatinous,  Colloid— c. 
Hard,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Intestinorum,  Enteropathia 
cancer os a — e.  dee  Intestine,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa  —  c  of  the  Lung,  Phthisis,  cancerous  —  o. 
Lupus,  Lupus  —  c.  Medullaris,  Encephaloid  —  c. 
Meltoneus,  Melanosis — c.  Mtlane,  Melanosis — c. 
Melanodes,  Cancer,  melanotic 

Cancer,  Melanotic,  Cancer  melano'des,  Car- 
cino'ma melano'des.  A  combination  of  cancer 
and  melanosis. 

Cancer  Mollis,  see  Encephaloid  —  c.  Jfou, 
Encephaloid — c.  Munditorum,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers—c.  Oculi,  Scirrhophthalmus — c.  Oris, 
Stomacace— c  Ossia,  Spina  ventosa — c.  Pharyn- 
gis  et  oesophagi,  Lsemoscirrhus —  c.  Purgatoris 
infumiculi,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'  —  o.  Soir- 
rhosus,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'—-c  Soft,  Haematodes  fungus — c.  of  the 
Stomach,  Gastrostenosis  cardiaca  et  pyloric*— c. 
Uteri,  Metro-carcinoma. 

CANC&REUX,  Cancerous. 

CANCER  ROOT,  Orobanche  Virginiana,  Phy- 
tolacca docandra. 

CANCEROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus,  Careino'sus,  (F.) 
Oancireux.  Relating  to  canoer;  as  Cancerous 
ulcer,  Cancerous  diathesis,  Ac 

CANCHALAGUA,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CAN  C  REN  A,  Gangrene. 

CAN'CROLD,  Cancro'des,  Cancroi'des,  Carci- 


no'des,  Carcinoldes,  Cancroi'deus,  from  cancer 
and  tiSot,  'form.'  That  which  assumes  a  can- 
cerous appearance.  Cancroid  is  a  name  given 
to  certain  cutaneous  cancers  by  Alibert :  called 
also  Cheloid  or  Keloid  (^cAiif,  'a  tortoise/  and 
uSos,  'likeness,')  from  their  presenting  a  flatfish 
raised  patch  of  integument)  resembling  the  shell 
of  a  tortoise. 

CANCROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CANCRO'RUM  CHELiB,  Oc'uli  vel  Lap' ides  > 
Cancro'rum,  Lapil'li  cancro'rum,  Concremen'ta 
As' tad  fluviat'ilis,  Crab*s  stones  or  eyes,  (F.) 
Ycux  d'6crevise.  Concretions  found,  particu- 
larly, in  the  Cancer  As'tacus  or  Cray -fish.  They 
consist  of  carbonate  and  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
possess  antacid  virtues,  but  not  more  than  chalk. 

CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancrense. 

CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  Aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CANDELA,  Bougie  —  c.  Fumalis,  Pastil  —  c, 
Medicata,  Bougie  —  o.  Regia,  Verbascum  ni- 
grum. 

CANDELARIA,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDI,  Candum,  Canthum,  Can'tion:  'white, 
bleached,  purified/  Purified  and  crystallized 
sugar.     See  Saccharum. 

CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

CANDYTUFT,  BITTER,  Iberis  amara. 

CANEFLOWER,  PURPLE,  Echinacea  pur- 
purea. 

CANE,  SUGAR,  see  Saccharum  —  c.  Sweet, 
Acorus  calamus. 

CANELJ6,  Grooved. 

CANELLA,  see  Canella  alba. 

Canel'la  Alba,  diminutive  of  Canna,  'a  reed/ 
so  called  because  its  bark  is  rolled  up  like  a  reed. 
Cortex  Wintera'nus  apu'rius,  Canella  Cuba'na,  C. 
Wintera'nia,  Cinnamo'mum  album,  Cortex  Anti- 
scorbu'ticus,  C.  Aromat'icus,  Coitus  cortico'sns, 
Camin'gaf  Canella  of  Linnaeus,  and  of  Ph.  U.  S., 
Canella  Bark,  Cnnella,  (F.)  Canelle  ou  Canelfe 
blanche,  Fausse  Ecorce  de  Winter,  Itcorce  Cario- 
coetine.  Fam.  Magnoliacese.  Sex.  SysL  Dode- 
candria  Monogynia.  This  bark  is  a  pungent 
aromatic  Its  virtues  are  partly  extracted  by 
water;  entirely  by  alcohol.  It  is  a  stimulant, 
and  is  added  to  bitters  and  cathartics. 

Canella  Caryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyl- 
lata— c.  Cubana,  C.  alba,  Lauras  cassia — c.  Mala- 
barica  et  Javensis,  Laurus  cassia. 

CANELLIFERA  MALABARICA,  Laurus 
cassia. 

CANEPIN,  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goafs 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

CANICACEOUS,  Furfuracoous. 

CAN'ICJS.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread;  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran — Panis  Canica'ceu*. 

CANICIDA,  Aconitum. 

CANIC'ULA;  the Dogstar,  from  canis,  'a  dog/ 
Xtipiot,  Sirius,  (F.)  Canicule.  This  star,  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  Dogdays,  Bice  canicula'res, 
because  they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with 
it,  was  formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dog-days 
occur  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  is  gene* 
rally  great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore— 
it  has  been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  dis- 
ease. 

CANIF,  Knife. 

CANIN,  Canine. 

CANINAN.fi  RADIX,  Caineie  radix. 

CANINE,  Cani'nus,  Cyn'icus,  rtviros,  from 
canis,  'a  dog.'  (F.)  Canin.  That  which  has  a 
resemblance  to  the  structure,  Ac,  of  a  dog. 

Canine  Fossa,  Fossa  Cani'na,  Infra-orbitar  or 
Suborbitar  fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  Canine    A  small 


CANINU8 


W 


CAPBBRN 


depression  on  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  above 
the  dens  eaninus,  which  gives  attachment  to  the 
eaninus  or  levator  anguli  oris  muscle. 

Caxihb  Laugh,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  Risus  (7am'- 
nus  seu  Sardon'ieus  sou  Sardo'nius,  R.  de  Sardo'- 
nia,  R.  involunta'rius,  R.  spas' ticus,  Tortu'ra 
Oris,  Distor'sio  Oris,  Oelas'mus,  Sardi'asis,  Sar- 
doni'asis,  Trismus  Sardon'ieus  sea  cyn'icus,  Spas- 
mus musculorum  faciei  seu  cyn'icus,  Prosopospas'- 
mus,  (F.)  Ris  canin,  R.  Saraonique,  R.  Sardonien, 
R.  moqueur.  A  sort  of  laugh,  the  facial  expres- 
sion of  which  is  produced  particularly  by  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  Caninus  muscle. 
Probably,  this  expression,  as  well  as  Cynic  Spasm, 
Spasmus  caninus  seu  cyn'icus,  Convul'sio  cani'na, 
Trismus  cyn'icus,  may  have  originated  in  the  re- 
semblance of  the  affection  to  certain  movements 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog.  The  Rims  Sardon'- 
ieus  is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from  similar 
symptoms  having  been  induoed  by  a  kind  of  Ra- 
nunculus that  grows  in  Sardinia. 

Caxixb  Tketh,  Denies  Cani'ni,  Cynodon'tes,  D. 
Lama'rii,  D.  angula'res,  cuspida'ti,  columella' res, 
ocnla'res,  morden'tet,  Eye  Teeth,  (F.)  Bents  ca- 
nines, laniaires,  angulaires,  oculaires,  ceiUire*  ou 
condidcs.  The  teeth  between  the  lateral  incisors 
and  small  molares,  of  each  jaw ;  —  so  named  be- 
cause they  resemble  the  teeth  of  the  dog. 

CANINUS,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  c.  Sentis, 
Rosa  canina— c.  Spasmus,  see  Canine  Laugh. 

CANIRAM,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

CANIRAMINUM,  Brucine.  % 

CANIRUBUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CANIS  INTERFECTOR,  Veratrum  sababilla 
— c.  Ponticus,  Castor  fiber. 

CANITIES,  from  canus,  'white.'  Whiteness 
or  gray  nets  of  the  hair,  and  especially  of  that  of 
the  head.  (F.)  Ganitie.  When  occurring  in  con- 
sequence of  old  age,  it  is  not  a  disease.  Some- 
times, it  happens  suddenly,  and  apparently  in 
consequence  of  severe  mental  emotion.  The 
causes,  however,  are  not  clear.     See  Poliosis. 

CANKER,  Stomacace— c.  of  the  Mouth,  Can- 
cer aquaticus— a  Water,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CANNA,  see  Tous-les-Mois,  Cassia  fistula, 
Trachea— c.  Brachii,  Ulna — c.  Domestica  cruris, 
Tibia — c  Fistula,  Cassia  fistula— c.  Indica,  Sa- 
gittarium  alexipharmacum  —  c.  Major,  Tibia — 
c.  Minor,  Fibula,  Radius  —  c  Solutiva,  Cassia 
fistula. 

CANNABIN,  Bangue. 

CANNAB'INA,  from  tawapis,  'hemp.'  Reme- 
dies composed  of  Cannabis  Indica. — Pereira. 

Cans  a  b  iif  a  Aquatic  a,  Eupatoriuin  cannabinum. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus,  and  Gunjah. 

Cannabis  Sati'va,  (F.^  CKanvre,  Chambrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hempseed,  Sem'ina  Can' nobis, 
(F.)  CKenevis,  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoction  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcu- 
ma longa. 

CANNAMELLE,  see  Saccharum. 

CANNE  AROMATIQUE,  Acorus  calamus— 
c  Congo,  Costus  —  c.  de  Rivi&re,  Costus  —  ci) 
Sucre,  see  Saccharum. 

CANNEBERQE,  Yaccinium  oxycoccos  —  c. 
Ponctuie,  Vaccinium  vitis  idasa. 

CANNE L$  ou  CANELjS,  (F.)  from  canalis, 
'a  canal:'  Sulca'tus,  Stria' tus,  Canalicula'tu*. 
Having  a  canal  or  groove  —  as  Muscle  canneli 
(Lieutaud,)  the  Gemini ;  Corps  canneUs  ou  strife, 
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  cannelie,  a  grooved 
sound,  Ac.     See  Grooved. 

CANNE LLE,  Lauras  oinnamomum  —  e. 
Blanche,  Canella  alba  —  c.  de  la  Chine,  Lauras 
cassia  —  c.  de  Coromandel,  Lauras  cassia — c. 
Fausse,  Lauras  cassia— -C  GiroJMe,  Myrtus  cary- 


ophyllata — c.  dee  hides,  Laurus  cassia — c.  dejava, 
Laurus  cassia — c.  de  Malabar,  Laurus  cassia—*. 
Itatte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale,  Laurus  cin- 
namomum — c.  Poivrfe,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 

CANNULA,  Canula. 

CANNULA  PULMONUM,  Bronchia. 

CANOPUM,  see  Sambueus. 

CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS,  Tintemcnt  mt~ 
tallique. 

CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  Cantabrica, 

CANTABRUNO,  Furfur. 

CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarabteus. 

CANTATIO,  Charm. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OF,  Aquas  Can* 
tnaricn' hes.  The  waters  of  Canterbury  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

CANTERIUM,  Cantherius.  . 

CANTUAR1DE  TACHETEE,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHARIDINE,  see  Cantharis. 

CAN'THARIS,  from  K*v$apoc,  *  *  scarabams  ;' 
Musca  Hispan'ica,  Jfcl'oi  vesicato'rius,  Cantharis 
vesicato'ria,  Lytta  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Fly, 
Blisterfly,  Blisterbeeile,  Spanish  Fly,  Fly,  (F.) 
Cantharides,  Mouches,  M.  d'Espagnc.  This  fly 
is  much  employed  in  medicine.  It  is  the  most 
common  vesicatory.  Given  internally,  and  even 
when  absorbed  from  the  skin,  it  affects  the  uri- 
nary organs,  exciting  strangury.  This  may  be 
prevented,  in  cases  of  blisters,  by  interposing  be- 
tween the  blistering  plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of 
tissue  paper.  Diluents  relieve  the  strangury. 
Dose,  half  a  grain  to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the 
flies  will  retain  their  activity  for  many  years. 
Their  active  principle,  Can'tharidin,  Cantharidi'- 
na,  has  been  separated  from  them. 

Cantharis  Vittata,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHE'RIUS,  Cantc'rium.  The  cross-piece 
of  wood  in  the  apparatus  used  by  Hippocrates  for 
reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  can  thus 
of  the  eye. 

CANTHOPLAS'TICE,  fromn^  'the angle 
of  the  eye,'  and  ir\a<rriKog,  'formative.'  The 
formation,  by  plastic  operation,  of  the  angle  of 
the  eye. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  Epican'this,  An'gulus  ocularis, 
Fons  lachryma'rum.  The  corner  or  angle  of  the 
eye.  The  greater  canthus  is  the  inner  angle, 
Hircus,  Hir'quus,  Rkanter ;  the  lesser  canthus, 
the  outer  angle,  Paro'pia,  Pega, 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS.  A  cordial  powder, 
known  under  the  name  '  Countess  of  Kent's  pow- 
der,' composed  of  coral,  amber,  crab's  eyes,  pre- 
pared pearls,  Ac.     It  was  given  in  cancer. 

CANTION,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA,  Can'nula,  Au'liscus,  Aulos.  Di- 
minutive of  Canna,  'a  reed;'  Tn'bulus,  (F.) 
Canuh  ou  Cannule.  A  small  tube  of  gold,  silver, 
platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  elastio  gum,  or  gutta 
percha,  used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  for  In- 
dian Rubber,  Elastic  Gum,  Cum  Elastic,  Oummi 
elas'ticum,  Cauchue,  Resi'na  elas'tica  seu  Cayen- 
ncn'sis,  Cayenne  Resin,  Cautchuc.  A  substance 
formed  from  the  milky  juice  of  Ha'vea  seu  Herea 
Ouianen'sis,  Jat'ropfia  elas'tica  seu  Sipho'nia 
Cahuchu,  S.  elas'tica,  Fiats  Indica,  and  Artocar1- 
pus  integrifo'lia  : — South  American  trees.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol;  but  boiling  water 
softens  and  swells  it  It  is  soluble  in  the  es- 
sential oils  and  in  ethtc,  when  it  may  be  blown 
into  bladders.  It  is  used  in  the  fabrication  of 
catheters,  bougies,  pessaries,  Ac. 

CAP,  PITCH,  see  Depilatory. 

CAPA-ISIAKKA :  ^romelia  ananas. 

CAPBERN,   WATERS   OF.     Capbern  if  Ib 


CAPELET 


168 


CAPSICUM 


the  department  Hautes-Pyr6nees,  France.  The 
waters  contain  sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium.  Tem- 
perature, 75°  Fahrenheit.    They  are  purgative. 

CAPELET,  Myrtus  caryophyllata. 

CAPELI'NA,  Capelli'na,  (F.)  Capeline ;  A 
Woman'* Hat,  in  French;  Capie'trum,  from  caput, 
*  hoacL'  A  sort  of  bandage,  which,  in  shape,  re- 
sembles a  riding-hood.  There  are  several  kinds 
of  Capelines.  1.  That  of  the  head,  <7.  de  la  ttte, 
Fae'cia  capita' lis.  See  Bonnet  d?  Hippocrate.  C. 
of  the  clavicle,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  acro- 
mion, clavicle  and  spine  of  the  scapula.  G.  of  an 
amputated  limb— the  bandage  applied  round  the 
ctump. 

CAPELLINA,  Capelina. 

CAPER  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPER  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

CAPERS,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPETUS,  Imperforation. 

CAPHORA,  Camphor. 

CAPHURA,  Camphor. 

CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  c.  du  Canada,  Adiantum  pe- 
datum  —  c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum  capillus 
veneris. 

CAPILLAMEN'TUM,  from  Capillue,  'a  hair,' 
Capillif'ium,  Tricho'ma,  Trichoma' tion,  Any 
villous  or  hairy  covering.  Also,  a  small  fibre  or 
fibril. 

CAP'ILLARY,  Capillafrie,  Capilla'ceue,  from 
capillue,  'a  hair.'  (F.)  Capillaire.  Hair-like; 
small. 

Cap'illary  Vessels,  Vaea  capilla'ria,  (F.) 
Vaineaux  capillaire*,  are  the  extreme  radicles 
of  the  arteries  and  veins,  which  together  consti- 
tute the  capillary,  intermediate,  or  peripheral 
vascular  eyetem, — the  methat'mata  or  methawiat- 
ou*  blood  channels  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall.  They 
possess  an  action  distinct  from  that  of  the  heart. 

CAPILLATIO,  Triehismus. 

CAPILLATUS,  Impuber. 

CAPILLITIUM,  CapiUamontum,  Entropion, 
Scalp. 

CAPILLORUM  DEFLUVIUM,  Alopecia. 

CAPIL'LUS,  quasi  Capitie  Pilue,  Coma,  Chaeti, 
Crinie,  Pilue,  Thrix,  Cmea'riee,  (F.)  Cheveu. 
This  term  is  generally  applied  to  the  hair  of  the 
head,  Pili  seu  Honor  cap'itie,  the  characters  of 
which  vary,  according  to  races,  individuals,  Ac. 
Hairs  arise  in  the  areolar  membrane,  where  the 
bulb  is  placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts — 
one,  external,  tubular,  and  transparent,  of  an 
epidermoid  character;  the  other,  internal  and 
tiui  generis,  which  communicates  to  them  their 
colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and  grows  from 
the  root. 

Capillus  Veneris,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris 
— c.  V.  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'NIUM,  Capitiple'nium,  from  caput, 
'the  head/  and  plenum,  '  full.'  A  word,  employed 
with  difforent  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. 
—  Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the 
hoad  common  at  Rome,  like  the  /eaprjPapta,  Care- 
baria,  of  the  Greeks. — Baglivi. 

CAPISTRATIO,  Phimosis. 

CAPISTRUM,  Capeline,  Cheveetre,  Trismus— 
c.  Auri,  Borax. 

Capis'trum,  Phimoe,  Cemoe,  Ktiftof,  'a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  bandages 
for  the  head. — See  Capeline,  Cheveetre. 

CAPITALIA  REMEDIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CAPITALIS,  Cephalic. 
CAPITELLUM,  Alembic,  see  Caput 
CAPITEUX,  Heady. 

CAPITILU'VIUM,  from  caput,  'the  head/ 
tod  lavare,  '  to  wash.'    A  bath  for  the  head. 


CAPITIPLENIUM,  Capiplenium. 
CAPITIPURGIA,  Caput  purgia. 
CAPITITRAHA,  from  caput,  *  the  head/  and 
trahere,  '  to  draw.'     Instruments  which,  like  the 
forceps,  draw  down  the  head  of  the  foetus  when 
impacted  in  the  pelvis. 

CAPITO'NES,  from  caput,  'the  head.'  Jfa* 
croceph'ali,  Proceph'ali.  Foetuses  whose  heads 
are  so  large  as  to  render  labour  difficult 

CAPITULUM,  Alembic,  Condyle,  see  Caput— 
c  Costaj,  see  Costa  —  c  Laryngis,  Corniculum 
laryngis  —  c.  Martis,  Eryngium  campestre  —  & 
Santorini,  Corniculum  laryngis. 
CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath,  (head.) 
CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation. 
CAPNITIS,  Tutia. 

CAPNOIDES  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 
CAPNORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 
CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 
CAPON,  Caaot. 

CAPON  SPRINGS.  A  pleasant  summer  re* 
treat,  situated  in  a  gorge  of  the  North  Mountain, 
in  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  23  miles  W.  of  Winchester 
The  waters  in  the  vicinity  are  sulphurous  and 
chalybeate;  —  those  at  the  springs  alkaline  and 
diuretic. 

CAPOT,  Caaot. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'parie,  Cappar, 
Ca'pria,  Prickly  Caper  Bueh,  (F.)  Cdprier.  Fa- 
mily,  Capparideas.  Sex.  Syet.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  bark  of  the  root,  and  the  buds, 
have  been  esteemed  astringent  and  diuretic 
The  buds  are  a  well  known  pickle. — Capers,  (F.) 
Cdpres. 

Capparis  Baduc'ca,  Baduh'ha.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a 
liniment  with  its  juice,  with  which  they  rub 
pained  parts.    The  flowers  are  purgative. 

CAPPONE, WATERS  OF.  At  Cappone,  in 
the  isle  of  Isohia,  are  waters  containing  carbonate 
of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Temp.  100°  Fah. 

C  APREOLA'RIS,  from  eapreolue,  '  a  tendril.' 
Cieaoidee,  Elicoldee,  (F.)  Capriolaire.    Twisted. 

Capreola'ria  Vasa.    Some  have  called  thus 
the  spermatic  arteries  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 
CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 
CAPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRIA,  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRICORN  US,  Plumbum. 
CAPRTER,  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 
CAPRIFOLIUM    DISTINCTUM,     Lonicera* 
periclymenum — c.  Peijclymenum,  Lonicera  peri- 
clymenum —  c.   Sylvaticum,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum. 
CAPRILOQUIUM,  Egophony. 
CAPRIZANS  PULSUS,  see  Pulse,  caprisant 
CAPSA,  Boite,  Capsule,  Case— c.  Cordis,  Peri- 
cardium. 

CAPSARIUM,  Bottier. 
CAPSELLA    BURSA    PASTORIS,    Thlaspi 
bursa. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  annuum. 
Cap'sicum  An'nuum,  from  Kama,  'I  bite.'  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  whence  Cayenne 
Pepper  is  obtained,  —  Piper  In'dicvm  seu  Hie- 
pan' i cum,  Sola'num  urene,  Siliquae'trum  Plin'ii, 
Piper  Brazilia'num,  Piper  Guineen'el,  Piper  Ca- 
lecn'ticum,  Piper  Tur'cicum,  C.  Hiepan'icutn,  Pi- 
per Lueitan'icum,  Cayenne  Pepper,  Guin'ea  Pep- 
per, (Y.)Pitncnt,  Poivre  d'Inae,  Poivre  de  Ouinie, 
Corail  dee  Jardins.  The  pungent,  aromatic  pro- 
perties of  Bacca  Capeici,  Capeicnm  Berriee,  Cap- 
eicum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  yielded  to  ether,  alcohol, 
and  water.    They  are  highly  stimulant  and  rube- 


CAP8IQUE 


169 


CARBO 


feeient,  and  are  used  as  a  condiment  Their  ac- 
tive principle  is  called  Capsicin. 

Capsicum  Hispanicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSIQUE,  Capsioum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPSULA,  BoUier— c.  Articularis,  Capsular 
ligament — c  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  o.  Dentis, 
Dental  follicle  —  o.  Lentis,  see  Crystalline  —  c 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma. 

CAPSULE  SEMINALES,  Veaicula  S.  — e. 
Synoviales,  Bursa)  mucosa?. 

CAPSULAIRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR,  Capsula' ris,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 
Relating  to  a  capsula  or  oapsule. 

Capsular  Arteries,  Suprarenal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels  belonging  to  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules. They  are  divided  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  The  first  proceed  from  the  inferior 
phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta,  and  the  third 
from  the  renal  artery.  The  corresponding  veins 
enter  the  phrenic,  vena  cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Lig'amsht,  Ligatnen'tum  capsula' ri, 
Cap' tula  articula'ris,  Artie' ular  capsule,  Fibrous 
capsule,  (F.)  Ligament  capsulaire,  Capsule  arti- 
eulaire,  Capsule  jlbreux,  Ac.  Membranous, 
fibrous,  and  elastic  bags  or  capsules,  of  a  whitish 
consistence,  thiok,  and  resisting,  which  surround 
joints. 

CAPSULE,  Cap'sula,  Capsa,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by 
anatomists,  to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each 
other. 

Capsule,  Cellular,  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Fibrous,  Capsular  ligament. 

Capsule,  Gelat'ihoub,  Cap'sula  gelat'ina, 
Capsule  of  gelatin,  A  modern  invention  by 
which  copaiba  and  other  disagreeable  oils  can 
be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so  as  to  conceal  their 
taste. 

Capsule  op  Glissox,  Cap'sula  Glibso'nii>  C. 
commu'nis  Glisso'nii,  Vagi'na  Porta,  V.  Glis- 
bo'su.  A  sort  of  membrane,  described  by  Glis- 
son,  which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  areolar 
membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and  its 
ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  or  thjb  Heart,  Cap'sula  cordis.  The 
pericardium. 

Capsule,  Ocular,  see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Renal,  Suprare'nal  or  AtrabiV- 
iary  C,  Renal  Gland,  Glan'dula  suprarena'lit, 
Cap'sula  rena'lis,  suprarena'lis  vel  atrabilia'ris, 
Ren  suecenturia'tus,  Nephrid'ium,  (F.)  Capsule 
msrrenale  ou  atraliliaire.  A  flat,  triangular  body, 
which  covers  the  upper  part  of  the  kidney,  as 
with  a  helmet  A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior 
contains  a  brown,  reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The 
renal  capsules  were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secre- 
tory organs  of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are 
much  larger  in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult 
They  are  probably  concerned  in  lymphosis. 

Capsule,  Sek'ihal,  Cap'sula  semina'lis.  Bar- 
tholixe  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the  vas 
deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dilated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  vesiculsB  seminales.  Some  anatomists  ap- 
ply this  name  to  the  vesiculte  themselves. 

Capsule,  Syhq'yial,  Capsula  Synovia' lis.  A 
membranous  bag,  surrounding  the  movable  arti- 
culations and  canals,  which  gives  passage  to  ten- 
dons. Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their  arti- 
cular surface,  a  fluid,  whose  function  is  to  favour 
the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other.  See  Bursa 
mucosa,  and  Synovia.         . 

CAPSULE  SURRENALB  on  ATRA- 
BILIARE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPUCHON,  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropaeolum  majus. 

CAPULIES,  Prunus  capulin. 


CAPULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  '  the  head.'  Also,  the  top  of  a  bona 
or  other  part,  (F.)  Ttte.  The  head  of  small 
bones  is  sometimes  termed  capit'ulum,  capitell'um, 
cephalid'ium,  ceph'alie,  cephal'ium.  Also,  the 
glans  penis. 

Caput  Aspera  Arterijb,  Larynx  —  c  Coli, 
Caecum — c  Gallinaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  caput 
— o.  Gallinaginis,  see  Gallinaginis  caput — c.  Ge- 
nitale,  Glans — c.  Lubrioum,  Penis — c.  Monachi, 
Leontodon  Taraxacum — o.  Obstipum,  Torticollis 
— c.  Penis,  Glana. 

Caput  Fvn'QiA,^Capitipurfgia.  Remedies, 
which  the  ancionts  regarded  as  proper  for  purg- 
ing the  head : — errhines,  sternutatories,  apophlcg- 
matisantia,  Ac.  Prosper  Alpinus  makes  the  caput 
purgia  to  be  the  same  as  errhines j  and  the  apo- 
phlegmatismi  the  same  as  the  masticatories  of 
the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapula,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succeda'neum.  A  term  sometimes  used 
for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

C  A  QUE- SANG  UE,  Caaue-sangue.  Old 
French  words  which  signify  Bloody  evacuations, 
(F.)  Dejections  sanguinolentes.  They  come  from 
cacare,  'to  go  to  stool/  and  sanguis,  'blood.'  Un- 
der this  term  was  comprehended  every  affection, 
in  which  blood  is  discharged  from  the  bowels. 

CARA  SCHULLI,  Frutex  In'dicus  spino'sus, 
Barle'ria  buxifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  maturative  and  resol- 
vent The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in  the 
country,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of  In- 
dia, of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like  that 
of  the  clove.  Its  decoction  and  Infusion  are 
given  as  stomachics  and  antiscorbutics. 

CAR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 
Two  species,  the  chrysoceph' alus  andferrugin'eus, 
have  been  recommended  for  the  toothach.  They 
must  be  pressed  between  the  fingers,  and  then 
rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth  affected. 

CARAGT&RE,  Character,  SymboL 

CARAGNA,  Caranna. 

CARAMATA,  Arumari.  A  tree  in  the  inland 
parts  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  febrifuge  bark, 
which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be  used  in  typhoid 
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona  is  either 
useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

CARAN'NA,  Caragna,  Tacamahaca,  Caragna, 
Car  an' nee  Gumtni,  G.  BreVisis,  Gum  Caran'na, 
(F.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne  ou  Carane.  A 
gum-reslnous  substance,  which  flows  from  a  large 
tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  obtained  from  South 
America  in  impure  masses.  It  preserves  its  soft- 
ness for  a  long  time,  has  an  aromatic  smell,  and 
a  slightly  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  a  vulnerary  and  in  plasters. 

CARAWAY,  Carum. 

CARBASA,  Linteum. 

CARBASUS,  Linteum. 

CARBO,  Carbo  Ligni,  Charcoal,  (F.)  Charbon. 
Fresh  Charcoal  is  antiseptic.  It  is  used  to  im- 
prove the  digestive  organs  in  cases  of  worms, 
dyspepsia,  6c;  as  a  cataplasm  to  gangrenous 
and  fetid  ulcers,  tinea,  Ac,  and  forms  a  good 
tooth-powder.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  33.   Also,  Anthrax. 

Carbo  Aimf  a'lis,  Caroo  carnis,  Animal  char' 
coal,  (F.)  Charbon  animal.  In  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be 
prepared  from  bones.  It  is  given  in  the  same 
cases  as  Carbo  Ligni,  and  has  been  extolled  in 
cancer.     Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iy. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  ton 


CARBON 


no 


CARDIA 


tains  a  formula  for  the  preparation  of  Carbo 
Aniha'lis  Purifica'tus,  Purified  animal  char- 
coal (Carbon.  animaL  tt>j ;  Acid  tnuriat.,  Aqua: 
aa  fjxij.)  Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
coal, and  digest  with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  days, 
occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having  al- 
lowed the  undissolved  portion  to  subside,  pour 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  charcoal  fre- 
quently with  water  until  it  is  entirely  free  from 
acid,  and  lastly  dry  it 

Carbo  Fos'silis,  Lithanthrax,  Stone  coal. 

Carbo  Huma'num.  The  human  excrement — 
Paracelsus. 

Carro  Ligni,  Carbo — c  Mineralis,  Graphites 

—  o.  Palpebrarum,  Anthracosis  —  c  Spongits, 
Spongia  usta. 

CARBON,  SESQUI-IODIDB  OF,  Carbonis 
sesqui-iodidum — c.  Bisulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum — c.  Sulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum 
o.  Terchloride  of,  Chloroform. 

CAR'BONAS  or  CARBO'NAS.  A  carbonate. 
(F.)  Carbonate.  A  salt,  formed  by  the  combina- 
tion of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Carbonas  Natriccm,  Sodas  carbonas. 

CARBONATE  VAMMONIAQUE,  Ammo- 
nite carbonas. 

CAR'BONATED,  Carbona'tu;  Aira'tue,  (F.) 
Carbonf,  Aire*.  That  which  is  impregnated  with 
carbonic  acid. 

CARBON&,  Carbonated. 

CARBONEUM  CHLORATUM,  Chloroform. 

CARBON'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Carbon'icum, 
Solid  Air  of  Halee,  Factitious  Air,  Fixed  Air, 
Carbona'ceoue  Acid,  Calca'reou/  Acid,  Atrial 
Acid,  Mephit'ic  Acid,  Spir'itu*  letha'lis,  (F.) 
Acide  Carbonique.  This  gas,  which  neither  sup- 
ports respiration  nor  combustion,  is  not  often 
used  in  medicine.  It  is  the  main  agent  in  effer- 
I  vescent  draughts,  fermenting  poultices,  Ac.  It 
is  often  found  occnpying  the  lower  parts  of  mines 

—  when  it  is  called  the  choke  damp  —  caverns, 
tombs,  wells,  brewers'  vats,  Ac,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  has  been  the  cause  of  death.  Lime 
thrown  into  such  places  soon  absorbs  the  acid. 

CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  C.Seequi- 
lodure'tum,  Seequi-I' odide  or  Seequi-Iod'uret  of 
Carbon.  This  is  made  by  mixing  concentrated 
alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine  and  potassa,  until 
the  former  loses  its  colour ;  a  solution  is  obtained 
from  which  water  throws  down  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate —  the  sesqui-iodide  of  carbon.  It  has  been 
used  in  enlarged  glands  and  in  some  cutaneous 
affections,  applied  externally,  (£88  to  £vj  of 
cerate.) 

Cabbo'itis  Sulphure'tum,  Sulphur e' turn  Car- 
bo' nii,  Sul'fidum  Carbo'nii,  Carbo'nium  Sulphu- 
r a' turn,  Al'cohol  Sul'phurie,  Bieulphure'tum  Car- 
bo'nii,  Sulphuret  of  Carbon,  Bieulphuret  of  Car- 
bon, Carburet  of  Sulphur,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  Carbon. 
This  transparent,  colourless  fluid,  which  has  a 
very  penetrating,  disagreeable  odour,  and  a  taste 
which  is  cooling  at  first,  but  afterwards  acrid  and 
somewhat  aromatic,  is  a  diffusible  excitant.  It 
is  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  has  been  said  to  have 
proved  emmenagogue.  It  is  also  used  in  nervous 
diseases  as  an  antispasmodic  Dose,  one  drop  to 
four,  repeated  frequently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influence 
has  to  be  rapidly  exerted,  and  has  been  inhaled 
as  an  anaesthetic 

CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM,  Carbonis 
•alphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax  — c  Fungous,  Ter- 
minthus  —  c  of  the  Tongue,  Glossanthrax  —  c. 
Berry,  Terminthus. 

CARBUNCLED  FACE.  Gutta  rosea. 

CARBUNCULAR  EXANTHEM,  Anthracia. 


CARBUNCTJLATIO  OCULI,  Blepharanthra- 

cosis. 

CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax  — c.  Anginosus, 
Cynanche  maligna — c.  Contagiosus,  see  Anthrax 
—  c.  Gallicus,  see  Anthrax  —  c.  Hungaricus,  see 
Anthrax — c.  Labiorum  et  genarum,  Cancer  aqua- 
tions—c  Polonicus,  see  Anthrax — c  Pulmonum, 
Necropneumonia—  c.  Septentxionalis,  see  Anthrax. 

Carbun'cclus  Rubi'nus.  A  red,  shining,  and 
transparent  stone,  from  the  Isle  of  Ceylon  ,*  for- 
merly employed  in  medicine  as  a  preservative 
against  several  poisons,  the  plague,  <fcc. 

Carbukculus  Ulcusculosub,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  caf*a<p<»,  'I resound,'  'I 
tremble/  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  has  a 
general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceasing 
noise  in  the  ears. 

CARCINODES,  Cancroid,  Chancreute. 

CARCINOIDES,  Cancroid. 

CARCINO'MA,  Cancero'ma,  Cancro'ma,  from 
KapKivos,  *  a  crab.'  Some  authors  have  thus  called 
indolent  tumours  different  from  cancer;  others, 
incipient  cancer;  and  others,  again,  the  species 
of  cancer  in  which  the  affected  structure  assumes 
the  appearance  of  cerebral  substance;  but  the 
majority  of  authors  use  Carcinoma  in  the  same 
sense  as  Cancer. 

Carcinoma  Alveolare,  Colloid— c.  Fibrosum, 
Scirrhus — c.  Haematodes,  Haematodes  fungus — c 
Intestinorum,  Enteropathia  cancerosa —  c.  Lin- 
guae, Glossocarcinoma — c.  of  the  Liver,  Hopato- 
scirrhus  —  c.  Medullare,  Encephaloid —  c  Mela- 
nodes,  Cancer,  melanotic — c  Melanoticum,  Me- 
lanosis—  c.  Simplex,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Spongiosum, 
Encephaloid,  Haematodes  fungus— c.  Scroti,  Can- 
cer, chimney-sweepers'— c.  Uteri,  Mctrocarcino- 
ma,  Metroscirrhus— c  Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus; 
see  Gastrostcnosis  cardiaoa  et  pylorica. 

CARCINOMATOUS.     Relating  to  Cancer. 

CARCINOME  MOUET  SP0NG1EUX,  En- 
cephaloid—  c.  Sanglant,  Encephaloid,  Hsama- 
matodes  fungus. 

CARCINOS,  Cancer. 

CARCINOSES,  (G.)  Karsinosen,  from  *«p- 
kivo<,  'a  crab.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs ;  which  embraces 
the  different  forms  of  Cancer. 

CARCINOSUS,  Cancerous. 

CARCINUS  SPONGIOSUS,  Encephaloid. 

CARD  AM  AN  TIC  A,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Le- 
pidium  Iberia. 

CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropeolum 
majus. 

CARDAMINE  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— c.  Nasturtium,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

Cardami'nI  Praten'bis,  Cardami'ne,  Carda- 
man'tica,  Nasturtium  Aquat'icum,  Car'damon, 
Culi  floe,  Ibe'rU  eoph'ia,  Nawtur'tium  praten'si, 
Ladiee-*mock,  Ouckoo-fiover,  Common  Bitter 
Crete,  (F.)  Creeeoti  SUgant,  Creeeon  de*  pree,  Pom- 
eerage  tauvage.  Ord.  Cruciferse.  The  flowers 
have  been  considered  useful  as  antispasmodics, 
in  the  dose  of  33  to  &)•  They  are  probably 
inert.- 

CARDAMOM,  LESSER,  Amomum  cardamo- 
mum. 

CARDAMOME,  Amomum  cardamom um  —  c. 
de  la  C6te  de  Malabar,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana 
paradisi  —  c  Minus,  Amomum  cardamomum  — 
c.  Piperatum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — c  Wild, 
Fagorostrum  Capense. 

CARDAMON,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CARDAMUM  MAJUS,  Tropseolum  majus. 

CARDMRE,  Dipsacns  sylvestris—  c.  Culti**\ 
Dipsacus  fuilonum. 

CARDIA,   Mftia,   'the   heart'    Stom'a 


CARDIAC 


m 


CARDI08TEN08I8 


Orifie"ium  sinis'trum  tea  Ingres' t  us  superior 
ventric'uli.  The  superior  or  oesophageal  orifice 
of  the  stomach,  —  OriJic"ium  ventric'uU  sinis'- 
trum.   Also,  the  Heart. 

CAR'DIAC,  Cardi'acus,  from  Kapha,  'the 
heart;'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  (F.) 
Cardiaque.  Relating  to  the  heart  or  to  the  upper 
orifice  of  the  stomach.    A  cordial. 

Cardiac  Ar'terieb,  Cor'onary  arteries  (F.) 
Artlres  cardiaques  ou  coronaires,  are  two  in 
number.  They  arise  from  the  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are  dis- 
tributed on  both  surfaces  of  the  heart. 

Car'diao  Gan'gliok,  Oan'glion  cardi'acum, 
situated  beneath  the  arch  of  the  aorta  to  the 
right  side  of  the  ligament  of  the  ductus  arteriosus. 
It  receives  the  superior  cardiac  nerves  of  opposite 
sides  of  the  neck,  and  a  branch  from  the  pneu- 
mogastric,  and  -gives  off  numerous  branches  to 
the  cardiac  plexuses. 

Cardiac  Nbryes,  (P.)  Ncrfs  cardiaques.  These 
are  commonly  three  on  each  side;  a  superior, 
middle  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished  by  cor- 
responding cervical  ganglia.  Commonly,  there 
ar*  but  two  on  the  left  side ;  the  upper  and  mid- 
dle, which  draw  their  origin  from  the  last  two 
cervical  ganglia.  Scarpa  calls  the  superior — 
Cardi'acus  superficia'lis  ;  the  middle — C.  profun- 
dus seu  C.  magnus;  and  the  inferior — C.  parvus 
seu  minor.  There  are,  besides,  Cardiac  fl'aments, 
(F.)  Filets  cardiaques,  furnished  by  the  par  va- 
gum  or  pneumo-gastrio  nerve,  which  become 
confounded  with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Plexvs,  Plexus  card? acta.  There 
are  three  cardiac  plexuses.  1.  The  great  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  upon  the  bifurcation  of  the  tra- 
chea. It  is  formed  by  the  con  vergen  ce  of  the  middle 
and  inferior  cardiac  nerves:  and  by  branches 
from  the  pneumogastric,  descendens  noni,  and 
first  thoracic  ganglion.  2.  The  anterior  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  in  front  of  the  ascending  aorta 
near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  filaments  from 
the  superior  cardiac  nerves;  from  the  cardiac 
ganglion;  and  from  the  great  cardiac  plexus. 
Filaments  from  this  plexus  accompany  the  left 
coronary  artery,  and  form  the  anterior  coronary 
plexus.  3.  The  posterior  cardiac  plexus  is  seated 
upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  ascending  aorta 
near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  numerous  brandies 
from  the  great  cardiac  plexus.  It  divides  into 
two  sets  of  branches,  which  together  constitute 
the  posterior  coronary  plexus. 

Cardiac  Veiks,  Coronary  veins,  <F.)  Veines 
Cardiaques,  are  commonly  four  in  number ;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into  the 
right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  furnished 
with  a  valve,  and  is  called,  by  Portal,  Sinus  coro- 
naire  du  Cceur. 

CARDIAC  A  CRISPA,  Leonurus  cardiaca— 
c  Passio,  Cardialgia — c.  Trilobata,  Leonurus 
cardiaca  —  c  Vulgaris,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  Stomachal. 

CARDIAGMUS,  Cardialgia. 

CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  arthrifica  cordis/ 
from  capita,  'the  heart,'  and  aypa,  'seizure.' 
Gout  of  the  heart 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'phia,  from 
wpita,  'the  heart,'  and  ypafn,  'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAI/GIA,  Cardi'aca  Passio,  CoVica 
Ventric'uli,  Spasmus  Ventric'uU,  Perodyn'ia, 
Cor  do' Hum,  Cardilm'a,  Dyspepsodyn'ia,  Dyspep- 
siodyn'ia,  Dysp&ptodyn'ia,  Peratodyn'ia,  Car- 
diod'yne",  OastraVgia,  OasteraV gia,  Qastrocol'ia, 
Gastrod'yni,  Pas*sio  Cardi'aca,  Stomachal' gia, 
Stomacal'gia,  Oasirodyn'ia,  Cardi'acua  Morbus, 
Cardiog'mus,  Cardialgy ;  from  capita,  'the  car- 
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  dXyos,  'pain.' 


Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Douleur  dm  VEsUmas, 
D,  ntrralgique  ds  FEstomac.  Also,  Heartburn, 
(F.)  CardiaUfie,  Ardeur  tfEstomac,  A.  du  Cceur. 
Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or  burning  pain 
in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — Morsus  vel  ardor 
veniric'uli,  Morsus  stom'achi,  Soda,  Limo'sis  car- 
dial' gia  mordens,  Rosio  Stom'achi  seu  Ventrie'- 
uli: — a  symptom  of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Inflammatory.,  Gastritis  —  c. 
Sputatoria,  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALOG"IA,  from  capita,  'the  heart,1 
and  isyott  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDIANASTROPHE,  Ectopia  cordis. 

CARVIARCTIE,  Heart,  concentric  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATOM'IA,  from  capita,  'the  heart, 
and  Tt/tvuv,  '  to  cut.'    Dissection  of  the  heart. 

CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the, 

CARDI  AUXE,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CARDIECTASIS,  see  Aneurism  of  the  heart 
—  c.  Partialis,  Aneurism  of  the  heart 

CARDIELC0S1S ;  from  capita,  'the  heart,' 
and  r<A*of,  '  an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  heart 

CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIECRTSMA,  Aneurism  of  the  heart 

CARDILJEA,  Cardialgia. 
,     CARDIM'ELECH,  from  capita,  'the  heart,' 
and  iSo,  Melek,  (Hebr.,)  'a  governor.'    A  sup- 
positious active  principle  seated  in  the  heart,  and 
governing  the  vital  functions. — Doheus. 

CARDINAL  FLOWER,  Lobelia  cardinalis  — 
o.  Blue,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

CARDINAL  PLANT,  Lobelia  cardinalis. 

CARDINAMENTUM,  Ginglymus,  Gompbosis. 

CARDIOBOTANCM,  Centaurea  benedicta. 

C ARDIOCE'LE,  from  capita,  '  the  heart,'  and 
Ktf\ri,  '  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  heart,  especially 
into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

CARDIOCLASTE,  Cardiorrhexis. 

CARDIOD'YNE,  Cardiodyn'ia ;  from  capita, 
'the  heart,  the  stomach,'  and  oivvti,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  heart    Also,  Cardialgia. 

Cardiodynb  Spasmodica  Intermittens,  An- 
gina pectoris. 

CARDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  synonymously  with  cardialgia.  In  the  time 
of  Galen  it  was  used,  by  some  writers,  for  certain 
pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to  palpitations. 
Sauvages  understood  by  Cardiogmus  an  aneurism 
of  the  heart  or  great  vessels,  when  still  obscure. 
Also,  Angina  pectoris. 

Cardiogmus  Cordis  Sinistrj,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOMALA'CIA,  Malaco'sis  seu  Mala'cia 
seu  Malax' is  seu  MollWies  Cordis,  (F.)  Ramol- 
lissement  du  Cceur,  from  capita,  '  the  heart,'  and 

CaXacia, '  softness.'  Softening  of  the  heart,  caused 
y  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  a  consequence 
of  some  lesion  of  the  function  of  nutrition. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONCHI,  see  Aneurism. 

CARDIONEURALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOPALMUS.  Cardiotromus. 

CARDIOPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  cordis  j 
from  capita,  'the  heart,'  and  pevua,  'defluxion, 
rheumatism.'    Rheumatism  of  the  heart 

CARDIORRHEX'IS,  Cardioclasie,  (Piorry,) 
Ruptu'ra  cordis,  (F.)  Rupture  du  Cceur,  from 
capita,  'the  heart,'  and  pnfa,  'laceration.'  Lace* 
ration  of  the  heart 

CARDIOSCLEROSIS,  (Piorry)  from  capita, 
'the  heart,'  and  ccknpos,  'hard.'  (F.)  Endurcisse- 
ment  du  Cceur.    Induration  of  the  heart 

CARDIOSTENO'SIS,  Stenocardia,  from  ca^ 


CAJtDIOTBAUMA 


172 


CARNATION 


it*,  '  the  heart,'  and  artvueis, '  contraction.'    Con- 
traction of  the  openings  of  the  heart  . 
CARDIOTRAU'MA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart* 
and  rpavfia,  *  a  wound.'    A  wound  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  Palpita'tio  Cordis  trep'- 
idans,  Cardiopal'mus,  Trepida'tio  Cordis,  from 
mpSia,  '  the  heart,'  and  rpopoc,  '  tremor/  Rapid 
and  feeble  palpitation,  or  fluttering  of  the  heart 

CARDIOT'ROTUS,  from  icaeiia,  'the  heart/ 
and  rtrpovKu,  'I wound.'  One  affected  with  a 
wound  of  the  heart.— Galen. 

CARDIPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDITE,  Carditis. 

CARDI'TIS,  from  Kaeita,  'the  heart,  and  the 
termination  itia.  Inflammation  of  the  fleshy 
substance  of  the  heart  Empres'ma  Gardi'tis, 
Injlamma'tio  Cordis,  Infiamma'tio  Cardi'tis,  Cau- 
ma  Cardi'tis,  Myocardi'tia,  Cardi'tis  Muacula'ris, 
(F.)  Inflammation  du  Caeur,  Cardite.  The  symp- 
toms of  this  affection  are  by  no  means  clear. 
They  are  often  confounded  with  those  of  pericar- 
ditis, or  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing 
the  heart  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  includes 
both  the  inflammation  of  the  investing  membrane 
and  that  of  the  heart  itself.  See  Pericarditis,  and 
Endocarditis. 

Carditis  Externa,  Pericarditis — c  Interna, 
Endocarditis — c  Muscularis,  Carditis — c  Mem- 
bronoso,  Pericarditis— c.  Polyposa,  Polypi  of  the 
heart — c.  Serosa,  Pericarditis. 

CARDO,  Ginglyinus. 

CARDOPATIUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARDUUS  ALTILIS,  Cynara  scolymus  — c 
Benedictus,  Centaurea  benedicta— c.  Brazilianus, 
Bromelia  ananas  —  c.  Domesticus  capite  majori, 
Cynara  scolymus — c  Hemorrhoidals,  Cirsium 
arvense. 

Car'duus  Maria'xus,  Car'dum  Ma'ria,  Sil'y- 
bum,  S.  Maria'num  seu  macula' turn,  Carthamus 
macula' tue,  Cir'sium  macula' turn,  Car'duu*  lae'- 
tevs,  Spina  alba,  Common  Milk  Thistle,  or  Ladies' 
Thistle,  (F.)  Chardon-Marie.  The  herb  is  a  bitter 
tonic.    The  seeds  are  oleaginous.    It  is  not  used. 

Carduus  Pineus,  Atractylis  gummifera  —  o. 
Sativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  c.  Sativua  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus — c  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa — c.  Stellatus,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa — c  Tomentosus,  Onopordium  acanthium — 
c  Veneris,  Dipsacus  fullonum. 

UAREBARESIS,  Carebaria. 

CAREBA'RIA  or  CAREBARI'A,  Garebare'- 
sis,  from  Kaon,  'the  head,'  and  &apos,  'weight' 
ficordine'ma,  Cereba'ria,  Scordinis'mus,  Cardine'- 
ma.   Heaviness  of  the  head. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CARE'NA,  Kare'na.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CAREUM,  Carum. 

CAREX  ARENARIA,  SarsaparillaGermamca. 

CARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
sugar  fermented. 

CARICA,  Ficus  carica. 

Car'ica  Papa'va,  Papaw  tree,  (F.)  Papayer. 
Ord.  ArtocarpesB.  A  native  of  America,  India, 
and  Africa.  The  fruit  has  somewhat  of  the  fla- 
vour of  the  pumpkin,  and  is  eaten  like  it  The 
milky  juice  of  the  plant  and  the  seed  and  root 
have  been  regarded  as  anthelmintic. 

CAR'ICUM.  Said  to  have  been  named  after 
its  inventor  Carious.  Car* y cum,  A  detergent 
application  to  ulcers ;  composed  of  black  helle- 
bore, sandarach,  copper,  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment, 
oontharides,  and  oft  of  cedar. — Hippocrates. 

GAME,  Caries — c  des  Dents,  Dental  gangrene. 

GARlti.  Carious. 

OA'RIES,  Nigrifiee  Os'sium.  An  ulceration 
of  bone,  —  Necrosis  being  death  of  a  borfe.  It 
resembles  the  gangrene  of  soft  parts.    Hence  it 


has  been  termed  Caries  gangramo'aa,  Qangntfna 
Ca'ries,  G.  Os'sium,  Tere'do,  Arro'sio,  Euros,  (F.) 
Carte.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swelling  of  the 
bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies  it ;  by  the 
abscesses  it  occasions;  the  fistulas  which  form; 
the  sanious  character,  peculiar  odour  and  quan- 
tity of  the  suppuration,  and  by  the  evidence 
afforded  by  probing.  The  most  common  causes 
of  caries  are  blows; — the  action  of  some  virus, 
and  morbid  diathesis.  When  dependent  on  any 
virus  in  the  system,  this  must  be  combated  by 
appropriate  remedies.  When  entirely  local,  it 
must  be  converted,  where  practicable,  into  a  state 
of  necrosis  or  death  of  the  affected  part  For 
this  end  stimulants,  the  actual  cautery,  Ac,  are 
applied. 

Caries,  Dehttuv,  Dental  gangrene— c  Puden- 
dorum,  see  Chancre — c.  of  the  Vertebrae,  Verte- 
bral disease — c.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

CARIEUX,  Carious. 

CARIM  CURINI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CARI'NA,  'a  ship's  keel.'  The  vertebral  co- 
lumn, especially  of  the  foetus.  Also,  the  breast- 
bone bent  inwards.  Hence,  Pectus  carina! turn: 
— the  chest  affected  with  such  deformity. 

CA'RIOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro' des,  (F.)  Carii, 
Oariettx.    Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERR.fi,  Calx. 

C  A  RIVE,  Myrtus  pimenta. 

CARIVILLANDI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

CARLINA,  'Carline  Thistle.' 

Carli'na  Acaul'is,  G.  chama'leon,  Cham  a' - 
leon  album,  Cardopa'tium,  (F.)  Carline  sans  tige, 
which  grows  in  the  Pyrenees,  and  on  the  moun- 
tains of  Switzerland,  Italy,  Ac,  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  tonic,  emmenagogue,  and  sudorific 

Carlina  Chameleon,  C.  acaulis. 

CARLINE  SANS  TIGE,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARLO  SANCTO  RADIX.  'St  Charles's 
Root':  found  in  Mechoachan,  in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  consi- 
dered to  be  sudoriflo,  and  to  strengthen  the  gums 
and  stomach. 

CARLSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad  is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  in  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline ;  temperature  121* 
to  167°  Fahrenheit  The  constituents  are — car- 
bonic acid,  sulphate'  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium. 

CARMANTINE,  Justitia  peotorali*— c.  Pecio- 
rale,  Justitia  pectoralis. 

CARMEN,  'a  verse.'  An  amulet  A  charm, 
which,  of  old,  often  consisted  of  a  verse.  See 
Charm. 

CARMINANTIA,  Carminatives. 

CARMINATIVA,  Carminatives. 

CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'Ua  sen  Carmi- 
nati'va,  from  carmen,  'averse,'  or  'charm,'  An*A 
tiphya'ica,  Phyaago'ga,  Xan'tica,  (F.)  Carmina- 
ti/s.  Remedies  whioh  allay  pain, '  like  a  charm,'  (?) 
by  causing  the  expulsion  of  flatus  from  the  ali- 
mentary canaL  They  are  generally  of  the  class 
of  aromatics. 

The  Four  Greater  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  caVida  majo'ra  carminati'va, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  carui,  cummin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quatfuor  sem'ina  cal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot 

CARMOT.  A  name  given,  by  the  alcby mists, 
to  the  matter  whioh  they  believed  to  constitute 
the  Philosopher's  stone 

CARNABADIA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CARNATION,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 


OABKELIAK 


173 


CARPHOLOGIA 


OARNELIAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

CAR'NEOUS,  Car'neous,  Oar  no' sua,  Sarco'des, 
Tncama'tus,  from  caro,  'flesh.'  (F.)  Chamu. 
Consisting  of  flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Carneous  Columns,  Fleshy  Column*,  Columf- 
nm  Carney,  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Colonnes  charnues, 
Are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  Mus'culi  Pa- 
pitta' res. 

Carneous  Fibres,  Fleshy  Fibre;  Macular 
Fibres,  (F.)  Fibres  ckarnues  on  musculaires,  are 
fibres  belonging  to  a  muscle. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM,  Ischio-trochan- 
terianus. 

CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  earo,  'flesh.' 
The  gum, — Gingiva. — Fallopius. 

CARNIFICA'TIO,  Carniflcation  —  c  Pulmo- 
nam9  Uepatisation  of  the  lungs. 

CARNIFICA'TION,  Oamifica'tio,  from  caro, 
e  flesh/  and  fieri,  *  to  become.'  Transformation 
into  flesh.  A  morbid  state  of  certain  organs,  in 
which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence  like  that 
of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  sometimes  ob- 
served in  hard  parts,  the  texture  becoming  sof- 
tened, as  in  Osteosarcoma.  When  it  occurs  in 
the  lungs,  they  present  a  texture  like  that  of 
liver.     Such  is  the  condition  of  the  foetal  lung. 

CARNIFOR'MIS  ABSCES'SUS.  An  abscess, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  articulations,  and  whose  orifice  is  hard,  the 
sides  thick  and  callous. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Carniv'orus,  Sarcopha- 
gus, Creatoph'agus,  Oreoph'agus,  (F.)  Carnivore, 
from  caro,  *  flesh,'  and  voro,  *  I  eat'  That  which 
eat*  flesh.  Any  substance  which  destroys  excres- 
cences in  wounds,  ulcers,  Ac. 

CARNOSA  CUTIS,  Pan ni cuius  carnosus. 

C  A  R N  0  S '  I T 4  S,  (F. )  Carnositi,  from  caro, 
'flesh.'    A  fleshy  excrescence. 

CARNOS'ITIES  OF  THE  URE'THRA,  Car1- 
uncles  in  the  Urefthra,  {¥.)  Carnositis  ou  Oaron- 
cules  de  Vurhre.  Small  fleshy  excrescences  or 
fungous  growths,  which  were,  at  one  time,  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  the  male  urethra,  whenever  re- 
tention of  urine  followed  gonorrhoea. 

M.  Cullerier  uses  the  term  Carnositi  vfnerienne 
for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membranous  tu- 
mour, dependent  upon  the  syphilitic  virus.  See, 
also,  Polysarcia. 

CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 

CARO,  Flesh — o.  Accessoria,  see  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accesso- 
rial)— c.  Excrescens,  Excrescence — e.  Fungosa, 
Fungosity — e.  Glandulosa,  Epiglottic  gland  —  c. 
Luxurians,  Fungosity — c.  Orbicularis,  Placenta — 
c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma — o.  Quadrata, 
Palmaris  brevis — c.  Quadratus  Sylvii,  see  Flexor 
longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
eessorius) —  c.  Viscerum,  Parenchyma. 

CAROB  TREE,  Ceratonia  siliqua. 

CAROBA  ALNABATI,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARODES,  Carotic. 

CAROLI,  see  Chancre. 

CAROLI'NA,  NORTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OP.  In  the  counties  of  Warren,  Montgomery, 
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan, 
there  are  mineral  springs.  They  belong  gene- 
rally to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous  saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  They  are  numerous.  Paoolet  Springs,  on 
the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River,  contain  sulphur 
and  iron.  Many,  with  similar  properties,  but  not 
held  in  estimation,  are  scattered  about  the  State. 

OARONCULE,  Caruncle— «.  Lachrymal*,  Ca- 
runcle. 

CARONCULES  MTRTIFORMES,  Caran- 


oulis  myrtiformes — e.  de  VUritre,  OaraofUta  of 

the  urethra. 

CARO  PI,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 

CAROTA,  see  Caucus  carota. 

CAROT'IC,  Caroficus,  Carotid,  Carotid**, 
Caro'des,  Com'atose,  from  *op©*,  'stupor.'  (F.) 
Carotique.  Relating  to  stupor  or  cants — as  a 
carotic  state,— or  to  the  carotids. 

Carotio  Arteries,  Carotids  —  c.  Ganglion, 
see  Carotid  Nerve — o.  Nerve,  Carotid  nerve— c 
Plexus,  see  Carotid  Nerve. 

CAROTICA,  Narcotics. 

CAROTIC  US,  Carotic 

CAROTID,  Carotic. 

CAROT'IDS,  Carot'ides,  Carot'ie*,  Carotids*, 
Capita'les,  Jugula'res,  Sopora'les,  Sopora'ria,  So- 
porif'era,  Somnifera,  Apoplec'tic<B,  Lethar*gicm 
(Arte'ria),  the  Carot'id  Ar'teries,  Cephal'ie  Arte- 
ries, (F.)  Artlres  Carotides;  from  tapes,  'stupor.' 
The  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  which  carry  blood 
to  the  head.  They  are  divided  into,  1.  Primitive 
or  common;  the  left  of  which  arises  from  the 
aorta,  and  the  right  from  a  trunk,  common  to  it 
and  the  subclavian.  2.  External  or  pericephal'ic, 
branch  of  the  primitive,  which  extends  from  the 
last  to  the  neck  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw ; 
and,  3.  Internal,  Arte'ria  cerebra'lis  vel  ence- 
phaVica,  another  branch  of  the  primitive,  which, 
arising  at  the  same  place  as  the  external,  enter* 
the  cranium,  and  terminates  on  a  level  with  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius,  dividing  into  several  branches. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Canal,  Cana'lis  Carot'icus, 
Canal  infiexe  de  Vos  temporal-— (Ch.),  Canal  caro- 
tidien,  is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filaments  pass. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Foramina,  For  am' in  a  Ca- 
rot'ica,  (F.)  Trous  carotidiens,  are  distinguished 
into  internal  and  external.  They  are  the  foram- 
ina at  each  extremity  of  the  Canalis  Caroticus. 

Carotid  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

Carotid  Nerve,  Carotic  nerve,  Nervus  carot'- 
icus. A  branch  from  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  great  sympathetic,  which  ascends  by 
the  side  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  divides  into 
two  portions,  which  enter  the  carotid  canal,  and, 
by  their  communication  with  each  other  and  the 
petrosal  branch  of  the  vidian,  form  the  carotid 
plexus.  They  also  frequently  form  a  small  gan- 
gliform  swelling  on  the  under  part  of  the  artery 
— the  carotic  or  carotid  or  cavernous  ganglion, 
ganglion  of  Laumonisr, 

Carotid  Plexus,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

CAROTTE,  Daueus  carota. 

CAROUA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CAR  OU  BIER,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CAttOUGE,  see  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARPASA,  Carbasa. 

CARPA'SIUM,  Car'pasum,  and  Carps' simn. 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen,  Ac,  have  given  these 
names,  and  that  of  Carpasos,  to  a  plant,  which 
cannot  now  be  determined,  and  whose  juice,  called 
Opocar'pason,  oroKapracov,  passed  for  a  violent, 
narcotic  poison,  and  was  confounded  with  myrrh. 

CARPATHICUM,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CARPE,  Carpus. 

CARPENTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CARPESIUM,  Carpasium. 

CARPHO'DES,  CarphcHdes,  from  Katfos,  'floc- 
culus,' and  ttSof,  'resemblance.'  Flocculent, 
stringy ;  —  as  mucus  carphodes,  flocculent  or 
stringy  mucus. 

CARPHOLOG"IA,  Tilmus,  Carpolog"ia,  Cro- 
cidis'mus,  Orocudis'mus,  Flocco'mm  vena'tio,Ftoe- 
ciWgium,  Tricnolog"ia,  Orocidix/is,  Floccila'tion, 
Floccila'tion,  from  sapipos,  'fioe'cvlui,'  and  A«yw, 
'I  collect,'  or  'pluck.'  (F.)  Cmrpkologie.    Aetna 


CARPHOS 


m 


CARTJXAGO 


of  gathering  flocculi  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  if  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pall  the  flooculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  and  debility,  and  is  an  un- 
favourable sign  in  fevers,  Ac* 

CARPHOS,  Trigonella  foenum. 

CARPIA,  Linteum. 

CARPI^EUS,  Palmaris  brevis. 

CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian,  Carpia'nns,  Garpia'lis, 
(F.)  Carpicn.    Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 

Cab'ptaL  Lig'AJCENTS,  (P.)  Ligaments  Carpiens, 
are,  1.  The  fibrous  fasciee,  which  unite  the  bones 
of  the  carpus ;  and,  2.  The  annular  ligaments, 
anterior  and  posterior. 

CARPIAN,  Carpial. 

CARPIEN,  Carpial. 

CARPISMUS,  Carpus. 

CARPOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum. 

CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia— c  Spasmodica, 
Subsultus  tendinum. 

CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGI- 
TI,  Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — c.  Mtla- 
carpien  du  petit  doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — 
c.  Mttacarpien  du  pouce,  Opponens  pollicis  —  c. 
Phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
— c.  Phalangien  du  petit  doigt,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti — c.  Phalangien  du  petit  doigt,  Flexor  par- 
^  vus  minimi  digiti — c  Phalangien  du  ponce,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  manus — c.  Sus-phalangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carpi**,  'the  wrist,'  and 
pet,  pedis,  'the  foot'  Relating  to  the  wrist  and 
foot 

Carpo-pedal  Spasm,  Cerebral  spasmodic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  gene- 
ral or  partial  convulsions.  The  disease  commonly 
occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth  month,  and 
Is  characterized  by  excessive  dyspnoea,  accompa- 
nied by  a  loud  croupy  noise  on  inspiration ;  the 
thumbs  being  locked,  and  the  hands  and  feet 
rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
seat  of  the  disease  is  evidently  in  the  cerebro- 
spinal axis,  primarily  or  secondarily :  generally, 
perhaps,  it  is  owing  to  erethism  seated  elsewhere, 
but  communicated  to  the  cerebrospinal  centre, 
and  reflected  to  the  respiratory  and  other  muscles 
concerned.  It  seems  to  be  oonnectcd  with  dental 
irritation,  and  consequently,  in  tho  treatment, 
where  such  is  the  case,  the  gums  should  be  froely 
divided;  after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsives, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection  ,*  for  although 
extremely  alarming,  it  is  often  not  attended  with 
great  danger.    See  Asthma  thymicum. 

CARPOS,  Fruit 

CARPOT'ICA,  from  xapKos,  'fruit'  Diseases 
affecting  impregnation.  Irregularity,  difficulty 
or  danger  produced  by  parturition  : — the  3d  or- 
der, class  Oenetica,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachin'li,  Rasce'ta, 
Raste'ta,  Raacha,  Raee'ta,  Raset'ta,  the  wrist. 
(F.)  Carpe,  Poignet.  The  part  between  the  fore- 
arm and  hand.  Eight  bones  compose  it,  (in  two 
iowb.)  In  the  superior  row  there  are,  from  with- 
out to  within  —  the  Scaphotdes  or  navicula're, 
Luna' r I  or  semiluna're',  Cuneifor'me',  and  Orbicu- 
la're  or  pisi/or*mi.  In  the  lower  row — Traps'- 
M$um,  Trapezmdes,  Magnum,  and  Unei/or'mi, 

CARRAGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

CARR£  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Quadratus  femoris 
-  -o.  dss  Lombes,  Quadratus  lumborum  —  c.  du 
Menton,  Depressor  lubii  inferioris  —  c.  du  Pied, 
Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

HARREAU,  Tabes  mesenterica, 


CARRJ2E,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedif 
profundus  perforans,  (accessorius.) 

CARRELET,  (F.)  Acus  triangularis.  A 
straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular;  and  which  the 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions are  passed. 

CARROT,  CANDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— c. 
Deadly,  Thapsia— c.  Plant,  Dauous  carota. 

CARTHAMUS  MACULATUS,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

Car'thamtjs  TnrcTO'RiUB,  Am'yron,  Cnicus, 
Crocus  German'icus,  Croat*  Saracen'icus,  Car1- 
thamum  ojficina'rum,  Car'duus  sati'vus,  Sa/ra*- 
num,  S<tffron-flo\cer,  Safflower,  Bastard  Saffron, 
Dyer* »  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthame,  Sa/ran  bdtard, 
Carthame  dee  Teinturiers.  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phaleas.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  rcqua- 
lis.  The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic,  and  diu- 
retic; yot  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an  article  of 
food;  hence  their  name,  Graines  de  Parroqvet. 
The  flowers,  Car'thamus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  are  employed 
as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  reputed  diaphoretic.  [  ?  ] 

CARTHEGON,  see  Buxus. 

CAR'TILAGE,  Chondros,  Car'tilago,  (F.)  Car- 
tilage.  A  solid  part  of  the  animal  body,  of  a 
medium  consistence  between  bone  and  ligament, 
which  in  the  foetus  is  a  substitute  for  bone,  but 
in  the  adult  exists  only  in  the  joints,  at  the 
extremities  of  the  ribs,  Ac.  Cartilages  are  of  a 
whitish  colour,  flexible,  compressible,  and  very 
elastic,  and  some  of  them  apparently  inorganic 
They  are  composed,  according  to  J.  Davy,  of  .44 
albumen,  .55  water,  and  .01  phosphate  of  lime. 

CARTILAGE  ANONYME,  Cricoid,  (carti- 
lage)— c.  Epiglottic,  Epiglottis — c.  Mucrone',  Xi- 
phoid Cartilage— c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Corniculum 
laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Cartilages,  Articular,  Obdu'cent  Cartilages, 
invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  contact ;  hence 
thev  are  called  investing  or  incrusting  cartilages, 
(F.)  Cartilages  de  revitement  ou  oVencroutement. 

Cartilages,  Interabticular,  are  such  as  are 
situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the  knee  joint 

Cartilages  of  Ossifica'tiow  are  such  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an  in- 
tegrant part  of  bones ;  as  those  of  the  long  bones 
in  the  new-born  infant  They  are  termed  tem- 
porary; the  others  being  permanent.  All  the 
cartilages,  with  the  exception  of  the  articular, 
are  surrounded  by  a  membrane  analogous  to  the 
periosteum,  called  Perichondrium. 

Cartilages  of  the  Ribs  are,  in  some  respects, 
only  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the  nose, 
of  the  meatus  audi  tor  ius,  and  Eustachian  tube, 
present  a  similar  arrangement  Other  cartilages 
resemble  a  union  of  fibrous  and  cartilaginous  tex- 
tures ;  hence  their  name  Fibro-cartilages. 

Cartilages,  Semilunar,  see  Semilunar  —  c 
Sigmoid,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — o.  Semilunares,  Semilunar  carti- 
lages— c.  Sigmoidefc,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

Cartilaginis  Arytenoids.*:  Capitclcm,  Cor- 
niculum laryngis. 

CARTILAGINOUS,  Cartilaginous.  Cartila- 
gino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondral' des,  (F.)  Carti- 
lagineux.    Belonging  to,  or  resembling  cartilage. 

Cartilaginous,  Tissue,  see  Tissue. 

CARTILAGO,  Cartilage  — o.  Clypealis,  Thy- 
roid cartilage  —  c.  Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage 
—  c.  Guttalis,  Arytenoid  cartilage  —  c.  Innomi- 
nate, Cricoid — c.  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
o.  Pcltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage,  Xiphoid  cartilage 
— c.  Scutiformis,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  c.  Uvifcr, 
Uvula — o.  Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 


CARUM 


IT* 


CASSIA 


OAKUM,  from  Carta,  a  province  of  Asia. 
A'pium  caret,  Bu'nium  carvi,  Ligus'tieum  carvi, 
Ses'eli  carvi  seu  carum,  Sium  carvi,  Ca'reum, 
Garurn  car'vi,  Carvi,  Cumi'num  praten'ei,  Carus, 
Car'uon,  the  Car1  away,  (F.)  Carvi,  Cumin  des 
pris.  Family,  Umbellifero.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen  tan - 
dria  Digynia.  The  seeds,  Camaba'aia,  Car'oua, 
are  carminative.  Dose,  gr.  z  to  gij,  swallowed 
whole  or  bruised.  The  oil,  Oleum  Car*u\,  (F.) 
Hw'le  de  carvi,  has  the  properties  of  the  seeds. 
Dose,  gtt.  ij  to  vj. 

Carum  Bulbocastaituy,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

CAR' UNCLE,  Carun'cuta,  diminutive  of  caro, 
4  flesh/  A  small  portion  of  flesh,  Sar'cium,  Sar- 
eid'inm.  A  fleshy  excrescence, — Ecphy'ma  ear- 
un'eula,  (F.)  Caroncule. 

Caruncle,  Carnositas. 

Caruncles  in  the  Urethra,  Cam  o  si  ties. 

Carun'cula  Lachryha'lis,  (F.)  Caroncule 
laerymale.  A  small,  reddish,  follicular  body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

CARUNCUL.E  CUTICULARES,  Nymphss. 

Carunccla  Mamilla'res.  The  extremities 
of  the  lactiferous  tubes  in  the  nipples.  The 
olfactory  nerves  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

Caruncul*  Mtrtifor'mes,  0.  Vagina'les, 
Glan'dnUt  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncule*  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mueous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

CarunculvE  Papillaris,  Papilla  of  the  kid- 
ney. 

CARUN'CULOUS,  Carun'eular.  Relating  to 
caruncles  or  carnosities. 

CARLTON,  Carum. 

CARUS,  icapo*,  Sopor  earo'ticus,  Profound  sleep. 
The  last  degree  of  coma,  with  complete  insensi- 
bility, which  no  stimulus  can  remove,  even  for  a 
few  instants.  Sopor,  Coma,  Lethargia,  and  Ca- 
rus, are  four  degrees  of  the  same  condition. 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c  Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia— c.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis— c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Coup  de  soldi — c.  Le- 
thargus,  Lethargy— c.  Lethargus  cataphora,  Som- 
nolency —  c  Lethargus  vigil,  Coma  vigil  —  c. 
Paralysis,  Paralysis  —  c.  Paralysis  paraplegia, 
Paraplegia — c.  Veterans,  Lethargy. 

CARVI,  Carum. 

CARYA,  Juglans  regia — c.  Basilica,  Juglans 
regia. 

CARYEDON  CATAGMA,  see  Fracture. 

CARYOCOST'INUS,  Caryocostinum.  An  elec- 
tuary prepared  of  the  costns.  and  other  aromatic 
substances,  Ac.  It  was  cathartic  Bee  Confectio 
scammonifB. 

CARYON  PONTICON,  Corylus  avellana 
(nut.) 

CARYOPHYLLA,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLATA  AQUATICA,  Geum  ri- 
vale — c.  Nutans,  Geum  rivale — c.  Urbana,  Geum 
urbanum — c.  Vulgaris,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLUM  RUBRUM,  Dianthus  ca- 
ryophyllus. 

CARYOPHYLLUS  AMERICANUS,  see  Myr- 
tus  pimenta— c.  Aromaticus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata  —  c  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  —  o. 
Pimenta,  Myrtus  Pimenta — o.  Vulgaris,  Geum 
urbanum. 

CARYO'TI.    The  best  kind  of  dates.— Galen. 

CAS  BARES  (F.),  Bare  case*.  This  term  is 
used,  by  the  French,  for  pathological  facts,  which 
vary  from  what  is  usual.  See  a  celebrated  article  ; 


under  this  head  in  the  Dictionnaire  dee  Seisncm 
Midicales,  Vol.  IV. 

CASAMUM,  Cyclamen. 

CAS  AM  UN  AR,  Cassumuniar. 

CAS'CARA,  CASCARIL'LA.  Spanish  words, 
wftich  signify  bark  and  little  bark,  under  which 
appellations  the  bark  (Cinchona)  is  known  in 
Peru.  They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  Cro- 
ton  caseariUa.  The  bark-gatherers  are  called 
Ca*cariUero*. 

CASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CASCARILLEROS,  see  Cascara, 

CASCHEU,  Catechu. 

CASE,  Capsa,  Theca,  (F.)  Cai**e.  This  name 
is  given  to  boxes  for  the  preservation  of  instru- 
ments, or  of  medicines  necessary  in  hospital  or 
other  service.  We  say,  e.  g.  —  A  case  of  ampu- 
tating, or  of  trepanning  instrument*. 

Case,  Casus,  from  cadere,  easum,  'to  fall.* 
The  condition  of  a  patient;  —  as  a  case  of /ever, 
Ac.  (F.)  Observation.  Also,  the  history  of  a  disease. 

CASEARIUS,  Cheesy. 

CA'SEIN,  Caseine,  Ca'seum,  Galactine,  Ga- 
seous matter;  from  cateus,  'cheese.'  The  only 
nitrogenized  constituent  of  milk.  It  is  identical 
in  composition  with  the  ohief  constituents  of 
blood, — fibrin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds 
of  protein.  A  similar  principle  exists  in  the  vege- 
table, Vegetable  Casein  or  Legu'min,  Veg" stable 
Gluten.  It  is  chiefly  found  in  leguminous  seeds 
— peas,  beans,  lentils.  Like  vegetable  albumen, 
Casein  is  soluble  in  water;  and  the  solution  is 
not  coagulable  by  heat. 

Casein,  Blood,  Globulin. 

CASEOSUS,  Cheesv. 

CASEOUS  MATTER,  Casein. 

CASEUM,  Casein. 

CASEUS,  Cheese — o.  Equinus,  Hippace. 

CASEUX,  Cheesy. 

CASHEW,  Anacardium  occidental. 

CASHOO.  An  aromatic  drug  of  Hindoostan, 
said  to  possess  pectoral  virtues. 

CASHOW,  Catechu. 

CAS  I  A,  Lauras  cassia. 

CASMINA,  Cassumuniar. 

CASMONAR,  Cassumuniar. 

CASSA,  Thorax. 

CASSADA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot 

CASSAVA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot 

CASSE  AROMATIQUE,  Laurus  cassia— e. 
en  Bdtons,  Cassia  fistula — c.  en  Bois,  Laurus  cas- 
sia—  c.  des  Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula — c.  SinS, 
Cassia  senna. 

CASSE-LUNETTES,  Cyanus  segetum,  Eu- 
phrasia officinalis. 

CASSEENA,  Hex  vomitoria. 

CASSENOLES,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

CASSIA,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Absus,  Absus — e. 
Acutifolia,  C.  senna  —  o.  ^Egyptian,  C.  senna— 
o.  Alexandria,  C.  fistula —  c.  Bonplandiana,  C. 
fistula. 

Cassia  Chamjecris'ta,  Prairie  senna,  Par- 
tridge Pea,  Wild  Senna.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Fam.  Leguminosre,  which  flowers  in  August.  It 
resembles  CasBia  Marilandica  in  properties. 

Cassia  Cixnakomea,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Ca~ 
ryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Canclla, 
Laurus  cassia — c.  Egyptian,  Cassia  senna — e. 
Excelsa,  C.  fistula. 

Cas'sta  Fis'tula,  Cas'sia  nigra,  Cassia  fistu- 
la'ris,  C.  Alexandri'na  seu  excel'sa  seu  Bonplan- 
dia'na,  Canna,  Canna  soluti'va,  Canna  fistula, 
Cathartocar'pus,  Bactyrilo'bium  fis'tula,  Purging 
Cassia,  (F.)  Casse  Cantjicier,  basse  en  Bdtons, 
Casse  des  Boutiques.  The  pulp  of  Cassia  FW 
tula  or  Cathartocar'pus  Fistula;  Fam.  Legumi- 
nostn;  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia,  Pufoa 
Cas'sia:,    Cassia    Ar amen' turn,    Castics    FistuJm 


CASSIS  ARAMENTUM 


m 


CATABLEMA 


Pulpa,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  whioh  is  obtained  in  long 
pods,  is  black,  bright,  and  shining;  sweet,  slightly 
acid,  and  inodorous.  It  is  laxative  in  the  dose 
of  #v  to  l'y 

Cassia  Lafceolata,  C.  senna  —  c  Lignea, 
Lauras  cassia — c  Lignea  Malabarica,  Lauflus 
cassia. 

Cassia  Marilan'dica,  Senna  America' nat 
American  Senna,  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant,  (F,) 
Sfni  d'Amc'riqne.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
similar,  in  virtue,  to  those  of  cassia  senna.  They 
are,  however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia  Nigra,  C.  fistula  —  c.  Officinalis,  C. 
senna — o.  Orientalis,  C.  senna— c.  Purging,  Cas- 
sia fistula. 

Cassia  Senna,  C.  lanceola'ta  seu  acvtifo'lia 
seu  orienta'lis  seu  officinalis.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  how- 
ever, by  several  species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The 
leaves  of  senna,  Senna  Folia,  Senna  Alexandri'- 
na,  Senna  Ital'iea,  Sena,  Senna  or  AZgyptian 
Cassia,  (F.)  SSnt,  Caste  Sini,  have  a  faint  smell, 
and  bitterish  taste.  The  active  part,  by  some 
called  Cathartin,  is  extracted  by  alcohol  and 
water.  Their  activity  is  injured  by  boiling  water. 
They  are  a  hydragogue  cathartic,  and  apt  to 
gripe.  Dose  of  the  powder,  >)j  to  3J«  Infusion 
is  the  best  form. 

The  varieties  of  senna,  in  commerce,  are  Tin- 
nivelly  Senna,  Bombay  or  Common  India  Senna, 
Alexandrian  Senna,  Tripoli  Senna,  and  Aleppo 
Senna. 

CASSL3B  ARAMENTUM,  see  CasBia  fistula— 
e.  FistuliB  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula — c  Flores, 
dee  Laurus  oinnamomum. 

CASSIALA,  Hyssopus. 

CASSIDA  GALERICULATA,  Scutellaria  ga- 
lericulata. 

CASSIDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galerioulata. 

CASSINA,  Hex  vomitoria. 

OASSINE  CAROLINIANA,  Hex  paraguensis 
— c.  Evergreen,  Bex  vomitoria — o.  Peragua,  Ilex 
paraguensis. 

CASSIS,  Ribes  nigrum. 

CASSITEROS,  Tin. 

CASSUMU'NIAR,  Oatamu'nar,  Casmonar, 
Zerumbct,  Casmina,  Bi'sagon,  Ben'gali  Indo'rum, 
Bengal  Boot,  (F.)  Bacine  de  Bengal*.  A  root, 
obtained  from  the  East  Indies,  in  irregular  slices 
of  various  forms ;  some  cut  transversely,  others 
longitudinally.  It  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is 
consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.  It  was  once 
considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiber  Cassumuniar,  Z.  Clifford'ia  seu  purpu- 
reum,  Amo'mum  monta'num,  and  to  Zingiber  Ze- 
rumbet,  Z.  spurium,  Amo'mum  Zerumbet  seu  syU 
tes'tre. 

CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium 
oocidentale. 

CAS'SYTA  FILIFORM'IS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Laurineae,  which  is  employed 
by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  wash  in  scald  head, 
and  as  an  antiparasitic. 

CAST,  Caste. 

CAST  ALIA  SPECIOSA,  Nymph®  a  alba. 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea,  see  also  Fagus 
castanea  pumila— c.  Equina,  JEsculus  Hippocas- 
tanum — o.  Pumila,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTE,  Cast,  from  (P.)  Casta,  'race  or  lineage/ 
A  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese  in  India,  to 
classes  of  society,  divided  according  to  occupa- 
tions, which  have  remained  distinct  from  the 
earliest  times.  Hence  a  separate  and  fixed  order 
or  class.    See  Half-caste. 

CASTELLAMARE  DI  STABIA,  WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Naples, 
la  the  Principato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  B.  of  Na- 


ples.   There  are  two  springs,  the  one  sulphu- 
reous, the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  near  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTERA-VIVENT,  WATERS  OF.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  department 
of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous  chaly- 
beate, and  another  which  is  sulphureous  and 
thermal.    Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corrigent 

CASTIGLIO'NIA  LOBA'TA,  PiilonciUo  tree, 
A  tree,  which  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Peru, 
and  grows  wild  in  abundance.  Its  beautiful  fruit, 
when  roasted,  has  an  agreeable  flavour.  When 
an  incision  is  made  into  the  stem,  a  clear  bright 
liquid  flows  out,  which,  after  some  time,  becomes 
black  and  horny-like.  It  is  a  very  powerful 
caustic. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sulphu- 
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  oelebrated 
for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

CASTOR  BAY,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Cams  Pon'ticus,  the 
Beaver,  (F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fat,  were  for- 
merly used  in  medicine. 

Castor  Oil  Plant,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Casto'rium,  Castor,  Castoreum 
Bos'sicum  et  Canaden'si,  from  xaorvp,  *  the  bea- 
ver,' quasi  yam-up,  from  yavrnp,  *  the  belly/  be- 
cause of  the  size  of  its  belly.  (?)  A  peculiar 
matter  found  in  bags,  near  the  rectum  of  the 
beaver,  Castor  fiber.  Its  odour  is  strong,  unplea- 
sant, and  peculiar;  taste  bitter,  subacrid;  and 
colour  orange  brown.  It  is  antispasmodic,  and 
often  employed.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  J)j. 

CASTORINA,  from  Castoreum,  'castor/  Me- 
dicines  containing  castor. 

CASTRANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

CASTBAT,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Castra'tio,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia, 
Evira'tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etestieula'tio,  Extirpa'tio 
testiculo'rum,  Detesta'tio,  Exsec'tio  viril'ium,  Eu- 
nuchis'mus,  Orchotom'ia,  Orcheot'omy,  Orchidotf— 
omy,  (F.)  Chdtrure.  The  operation  of  removing 
the  testicles.  Sometimes  the  term  is  employed 
for  the  operation  when  performed  on  one  testicle; 
hence  the  division  into  complete  and  incomplete 
castration.  Castration  renders  the  individual  in- 
capable of  reproduction. 

CASTBATO,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Castra'to,  Ectom'ius, 
Emascula'tus,  Evira'tus,  Exsec'tut,  Desec'tus,  Ex- 
testicula'tus,  Ex.  maribus,  Intestab'ilis,  Intesta'tus, 
Spado,  Apoc'opusl  Bago'as,  from  eastrare,  'to 
castrate/  (F.)  Castrat,  Ch&trt.  One  deprived 
of  testicles.  This  privation  has  a  great  influ- 
ence on  the  development  of  puberty.  It  ia 
adopted  to  procure  a  clearer  and  sharper  voice ; 
and  in  the  East,  the  guardians  of  the  Harem,  for 
the  sake  of  security,  are  converted  into  Castra'ti 
or  Eu'nuchs,  cwovxoi.  Eunuchs  have  generally 
both  testes  and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom  —  c  Palpebrce 
superioris,  Blepharoptosis — o.  Uvula?,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

CAT  TAIL,  Typha  latifolia. 

CATA,  Kara,  '  downwards/  '  after/  applied  to 
time:  at  times,  it  gives  additional  force  to  the 
radical  word.    A  common  prefix,  as  in  — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  jrara/Wu,  'I  descend/ 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards.  Also,  a 
descent,  Descensus,  Deecen'sio, — as  of  the  tes- 
ticles, Descen'tus  testiculo'rum, 

CATABLE'MA,  Karafinpa,  (care  and  0.XW,) 


CATABYTHISMOMANIA 


177 


CATAPLASM 


'any  thing  let  fall,  as  a  curtain/  EpiMe'ma,  Pe- 
rihWma,  The  outermost  bandage  which  secures 
the  rest 

CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  jrara/Jw- 
Btopof,  '  submersion/  and  /tana,  '  mania.'  Insa- 
nity, with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACASMUS,  Cupping,  Scarification. 

CATACAUMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human— c.  EbrU 
osa,  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERAS'TICUS,  from  Mrattpowwjii,  'I 
temper,' '  I  correct.'  The  same  as  EpicercuticuM. 
A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of 
humours. 

CATACHASMOS,  Scarification. 

CAT ACHR ISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHRISTON,  Liniment 

CATACH'YSIS,  Effu'uio,  Perfu'rio,  from  xara- 

St,  '  I  pour  upon.'  Affusion  with  cold  water. — 
ppocrates.     Decantation. 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  *ar«Aa{«,  «I  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam'pylum,  Campylo'tis.  Distortion,  or 
spasmodic  fixation  of  the  eyes;  spasmodic  occlu- 
sion of  the  eyelids ;  also,  fracture  of  a  bone. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

CATACLEIS';  from  Kara,  'beneath,' and  *A«fc 
'the  clavicle;'  'a  lock  or  fastening,'  caracAua, 
(nrra  and  «X«m),  I  lock  up.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  Ac 

CATACLEI'SIS,  same  etymon.  A  locking  up. 
The  act  of  locking  up.  Morbid  union  of  the  eye- 
lids. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Catacly'ma,  Cata'clyrii, 
from  KaraK\v{uv,  'to  submerge,  inundate.'  A 
Ctyrter.  Kippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  term,  a 
shower-bath,  or  copiouB  affusion  of  water;  Cata- 
one'tia.     Ablution,  Douche. 

CATA30NESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclysmus. 

CATAGAUNA,  Cambogia. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture — c.  Fissura,  Fissure,  see 
Contrafissura — c.  Fraotura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'ica  remed'ia,  from 
marayfta,  'fracture.'  Remedies  supposed  to  be 
capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of  callus. 

CATAGOGLOS'SUM,  from  Karaytiv,  'to  draw 
down,'  and  yXwava,  'the  tongue.'  An  instrument 
for  pressing  down  the  tongue,  See  Glossoca- 
tochus. 

CATAGRAP HOLOGIA,  Phannacocatagra- 
phologia. 

CATALEN'TIA.  Epilepsy,  or  some  disease 
resembling  it — Paracelsus. 

CATALEPSIA  SPURIA,  Ecstasis. 

C  AT' ALE  PS  Y,  Catalep'aia,  Catalep'aia,  Cat'- 
ochi,  Oafochus,  Cat'ocha  Oah'ni,  Morbus  atton'- 
itut  Celsi,  ffyate'ria  catalep'tica,  Congela'tio,  De- 
ten'tio,  Encatalep'eia,  Aphonia — (Hipper.,)  Anau'- 
dia — (Antigenes,)  Apprehcn'eio,  Contempla'tio, 
Stupor  vig"ilane,  Prehen'aio,  Cant*  Catalep'sia, 
Oppress™,  Comprehen'eio — (Csel.  Aurelian,)  Com- 
pren'HoyApopUx'ia  Catalep' '«ia,from  *raraAa/*/?avw, 
'I  seize  hold  of.'  Trance  (?)  (F.)  Catalepaie.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension  of 
the  action  of  the  senses  and  of  volition;  the 
limbs  and  trunk  preserving  the  different  posi- 
tions given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  affection,  but  is 
seen,  at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some  of 
the  Greek  writers  have  used  the  word  in  its  true 
acceptation  of  a  leisure,  aurpriae,  Ac. 

CATALEPTIC,  Catalep' ticua,  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  catalepsy.    Affected  with  catalepsy. 

Catalep'tio  Method,  Meih'odue  Gatalep' tica. 
The  administration  of  external  agents  when  in- 
ternal agents  are  inapplicable. 

CATALOT'IC,  Cataloficus,  from  KaraXaa*,  'to 
12 


break  or  grind  down.'  A  remedy  which  remove* 
unseemly  cicatrices. 

CATAL'PA,  C.  Arbo'rea,  Bigno'nia  Catafpa, 
Catal'pa  Cordi/o'lia,  C.  Arborescent  sen  Bigno- 
nioVdea  seu  Syringas/olia,  Cataw'ba  tree,  Indian 
Bean.  A  decoction  of  the  pods  of  the  Catalpa, 
an  American  tree,  of  the  Nat.  Fanu  Bignoniacese, 
Didynamia  Angiospermia,  has  been  recommended 
in  chronic  nervous  asthma. 

Catalpa  Arborea,  Catalpa— c,  Bignonioides, 
Catalpa — c.  Cordifolia,  Catalpa — o.  Syringaefolia, 
Catalpa. 

CATALYSIS,  Paralysis,  from  tara,  and  \v», 
'  I  dissolve  or  decompose.'  The  action  of  pre- 
aence  in  producing  decomposition;  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed  cata- 
lytic force  resolves  other  bodies  into  new  com- 
pounds by  mere  contact  or  presence,  without 
itself  experiencing  any  modification. 

CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 

CATAMENIA,  Menses — c.  Alba,  Leucorrhosa. 

CATAME'NIAL,  Catamcnia'lia,  Jfcn'atrual, 
Men'atruue,  Men'atrvoua,  (F.)  Menetruel,  from 
Kara,  and  ptiv,  '  a  mouth.'  Appertaining  or  relat- 
ing to  the  catamenia. 

CATAMENIORUM  FLUXUS  IMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia. 

CATANANCE,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CATANGELOS,  Ruscus. 

CATANTLE'MA,  Oatantle'aia,  from  xarm, 
'upon,'  and  avr\au,  'I  pour.'  Cateone'aia  and 
Oataone'sis.  Ablution  with  warm  water.  A  fo- 
mentation.— Moschion,  Marcellns  Empiric  us. 

CATAPAS'MA,  from  Karavacow,  '  I  sprinkle.' 
Catapaa'tum,  Conaper'eio,  Epipas'ton,  Paama, 
Sympaa'ma,  Empaa'ma,  Diapaa'ma,  Xer'ion,  As- 
per'aio,  Epiapae'tum,  Pulcia  aapereo'riua.  A  com- 
pound medicine,  in  the  form  of  powder,  employed 
by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  ulcers,  absorb  per- 
spiration, Ac. — Paulus  of  J3gina. 

CATAPH'ORA,  'a  fall/  from  xara^pw,  'I 
throw  down.'  A  state  resembling  sleep,  with 
privation  of  feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency. 
According  to  others,  Cataphora  is  simply  a  pro- 
found sleep,  which  it  is  difficult  to  rouse  from — 
in  this  sense  being  synonymous  with  Sopor. 

Cataphora  Coma,  see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Hydro- 
cephalics, see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Cymini,  Theriaca 
Londinensis — c.  Magnetic*,  Somnambulism,  mag- 
netic. 

CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrac'tca,  a  Cuiraea, 
from  Karafpatrcu,  '  I  fortify.'  A  name  given  by 
Galen  to  a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax  and 
shoulders.     It  was  also  called  Qttadri'ga. 

CATAPIESIS,  Depression. 

CATAPINOSIS,  Absorption. 

CATAP'LASIS,  from  KararXaovu, '  to  besmear.' 
The  act  of  besmearing  or  overlaying  with  plaster, 

CAT'APLASM,  CataplaJma,  Epiplaa'ma. 
Bceoe,  Poultice,  Pultice,  from  KaraxXavouv,  (xara 
and  Tt\aa<ruvf  *  to  form  or  mould/)  '  to  besmear.' 
(F.)  Cataplaeme.  A  medicine  applied  exter- 
nally, under  the  form  of  a  thick  pap.  Cata- 
Slasms  are  formed  of  various  ingredients,  and  for 
ifferent  objects.  They  may  be  anodyne,  emol- 
lient, tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating,  Ac.  A  simple 
poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its  warmth  and 
moisture.  Mealy,  fatty  substances,  leaves  of 
plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread,  Ac,  aru 
the  most  common  bases.  The  chief  poultices 
which  have  been  officinal  are  the  following : — 
Anodyne  —  c.  Cicut®,  o.  Digitalis.  Antiaeptic— 
o.  Carbonis,  c  Dauci,  o.  Fermenti,  c.  Acetoere,  ©. 
Cumini.  Emollient  —  c.  Lini,  o.  Panis,  c.  Mall 
maturi  Irritating — e.  Sinapls,  c.  Sodii  chloridi, 
c  Quereus  Marini.  Tonic  and  Aatringent — O. 
Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  of  Roses. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  some  other  UBeinal 


CATAPLASMA  BYNES 


178 


CATARACT 


cataplasms.  1.  Cataplas'ma  anod'ynum,  made  of 
poppy  and  hyoscyamus.  2.  Cataplas'maemolliens, 
made  of  meal  and  pulps.  3.  Cataplas'ma  ad 
suppuratio'nem  promoven'dam,  of  pulps  and  ba- 
rilioon.  4.  Cataplas'ma  rubefa'ciens  vel  anti- 
pleurit'icum,  formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  only  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which  it 
is  important  to  describe,  are  some  of  the  following : 

Cataplasm,  Alum,  Coagulum  Aluminosum. — 
c.  of  Beer  grounds,  see  Cataplasma  Fermenti. — 
e.  Carrot,  Cataplasma  Dauci. — o.  Charcoal,  Cata- 
plasma cnrbonis  ligni. 

CATAPLASMA  BYNES,  see  C.  Fermenti. 

Cataplas'ma  Carbo'nis  Ligni,  Charcoal  Cat- 
aplasm or  poultice.  Made  by  adding  powdered 
charcoal  to  a  common  cataplasm.  Used  as  an 
antiseptic  to  foul  ulcers,  Ac.  • 

Cataplas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot  Cataplasm  or 
poultice.  Made  by  boiling  the  root  of  the  Carrot 
until  it  is  soft  enough  to  form  a  poultice.  Used 
in  fetid  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Fjscul,*  Cerevisi^c,  see  C. 
Fermenti. 

Cataplas'ma  Febment'i,  C.  efferves'cens,  Yeast 
Cataplasm  or  Poultice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  Levure. 
(Take  of  meal  mj,  yeast,  tbss.  Expose  to  a  gentle 
heat)  It  is  antiseptic,  and  a  good  application 
to  bruises.  A  Cataplasm  of  Beer  Grounds,  Cata- 
plasma Fa'cula  Cerevis'ia,  C.  Bynes,  is  used  in 
the  same  cases. 

Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  G.  Sina'peos,  Sin'a- 
pism.  Mustard  Cataplasm  or  Poultice,  (F.)  Cata- 
plasms de  Moutard  on  Sinapisme.  {Mustard  and 
Linseed  meal  or  meal  aa  equal  parts.  Warm 
vinegar  or  water,  q.  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  sti- 
mulant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma, 
low  typhus,  Ac,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part  in 
rheumatism,  Ac. 

CATAPLEX'IS,  Stupor,  from  Kara,  and  »Xij<ww, 
'  I  strike/  The  act  of  striking  with  amazement. 
Appearance  of  astonishment  as  exhibited  by  the 
•yes  in  particular.     See  Hsemodia. 

CATAPOSIS,  Deglutition. 

OATAPOTION,  Pilula. 

CATAPSYX'IS,  from  naraxpvx**,  '*  wfrige- 
rxte' ;  Peripsyx'is.  Considerable  coldness  of  the 
body,  without  rigor  and  horripilatio. — Galen, 
Perfric'tio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of  the 
limbs. — II  ippocrates. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Deciden'tia,  ifall.  This  word, 
at  tiroes,  expresses  the  fall  of  a  patient,  attacked 
with  epilepsy,  or  apoplexy ;  at  others,  the  sudden 
resolution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 

CATAPULTA  VIRILIS,  Penis. 

CATAPUTIA  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Ricinus  communis. 

CAT'ARACT,  Catarac'ta,  Catarrhal ta,  Suffu'- 
sio  Oe'uli,  S.  Lentis  crystalViwB,  Phtharma  cata- 
rac'ta, Cali'go  lentis,  Outta  opa'ca,  Hypoc'hyma, 
■Hopoc'hysis,  Hopoph'ysis,  Phacoscoto'ma,  Parop'- 
sis  catarac'ta,  Glauco'ma  Woulkou'si,  from  icara- 
paovetv  (Kara  and  paatrctv),  'to  tumble  down.'  A 
deprivation  of  sight,  which  comes  on,  as  if  a  veil 
fell  before  the  eyes.  Cataract  consists  in  opacity 
of  the  crystalline  lens  or  its  capsule,  which  pre-* 
vents  the  passage  of  the  rays  of  light,  and  pre- 
cludes vision.  The  causes  are  obscure.  Diag- 
nosis.— The  patient  is  blind,  the  pupil  seems 
closed  by  an  opake  body,  of  variable  colour,  but 
commonly  whitish : — the  pupil  contracting  and 
dilating.  Cataracts  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  spurious  and  genuine*  The  former,  where 
the  obstacle  to  vision  is  between  the  capsule  of 
the  lens  and  the  uvea :  the  latter,  where  it  is  in 
the  lens  or  capsule.  A  lenticular  cataract  is 
where  the  affection  is  seated  in  the  lens ; — a  cap- 
mlar  or  membranous,  in  the  capsule.  The  cap- 
sular is  divided  again,  by  Boer,  into  the  anterior, 


posterior,  and  complete  capsular  cataract.  Whe«x 
the  capsule  is  rendered  opake,  in  consequence 
of  an  injury,  which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of 
it,  it  thickens,  becomes  leathery,  and  has  been 
called  Catarac'ta  arida  siliquo'sa.  Catarac'ta 
Morgagnia'na  lactea  vel  purifor'mis,  is  the  milky 
variety,  in  which  the  crystalline  is  transformed 
into  a  liquid  similar  to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracte  lai- 
teuse  ;  or,  as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is 
opacity  of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and 
its  capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic'ular  affects  both 
lens  and  capsule,  and  Beer  conceives  the  liquor 
Morgagni,  in  an  altered  state,  may  contribute  to 
it  Cataracts  are  also  called  hard,  soft,  (Phaeo- 
mala' da,)  stony,  (F.  pierreuse,)  milky  or  cheesy, 
(laiteuse  ou  castuse,  Oalactocatarac'ta,  Catarac'ta 
lactic' olor,)  according  to  their  density  : — white, 
pearly,  yellow,  brown,  gray,  green,  black,  (F.) 
blanche,  perlte,  iaune,  brune,  grise,  verte,  noire, 
according  to  their  colour  : — fixed  or  vacillating, 
-—catarac'ta  capsulo-lenticula'ris  fixa  vel  trem'- 
ula,  (F.)Jixe  ou  branlante,  according  as  they  are 
fixed  or  movable  behind  the  pupil.  They  are 
likewise  called  Catarac'ta  marmora'cia,  fenes- 
tra'ta,  stella'ta,  puncta'ta,  dimidia'ta,  Ac,  ac- 
cording to  the  appearances  they  present 

They  may  also  be  simple,  or  complicated  with 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  Ac. ;  and  primary 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  operation  ;— 
secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of  the 
operation. 

The  following  classification  of  cataracts  is  by 
M.  Desmarres: 

Class  L  True  Cataracts. 


a.  Lenticular 
Cataracts. 


o.  Capsular 
Cataracts, 
c.  Capsulo- 
ventricular 
Cataracts. 

d.  Secondary 
Cataracts. 


Green. 

Black. 

Osseous. 

Stony  or  chalky. 
>  Striated.etiolated, 
barred,    dehis- 
cent, with  three 
branches,  Ac 

Disseminated,  or 
dotted. 

Congenital. 

Traumatic. 

Glaucomatous. 

'  Morgagnian,     or 

interstitial. 

Cystic,  purulent, 
fetid. 

Shaking,  or  float- 
ing. 

Luxated. 

Pyramidal  or  ve- 
getant 
[  Arid  eiliquoee. 
All    the   varieties  of  lenticular 
and  capsular  cataracts. 

:  Lenticular. 
Capsular. 
,  Capsulo-lenticular. 


Hard. 


Soft. 


Liquid. 

Other  varie- 
ties, soft,hard, 
t  or  liquid. 

Anterior. 
^  Posterior. 


Class  II.   False  Cataracts. 
Fibrinous. 
Purulent 
Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  in- 
dividuals, although,  notunfrequently,  congen'UaL, 
It  forms  slowly;  objects  are  at  first  seon  »« 
through  a  mist ;  light  bodies  appear  to  fly  before 
the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  after  months  or  years 
that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost  No  menns  will  ob- 
viate the  evil  except  an  operation,  which  consists 
in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  passage  of  the 


CATARACTA 


179 


CATARRHUS 


light  to  the  retina.  Four  chief  methods  are  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose.  1.  Couching  or  Depres- 
sion, Hyalonix'is,  Hyalonyx' is,  (F.)  Abaissement, 
Emplacement  de  la  Cataracte.  This  consists  in 
passing  a  cataract  needle  through  the  sclerotica 
and  subjacent  membranes,  a  little  above  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  eje :  and  at  about  two 
lines'  distance  from  the  circumference  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  With  this  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left. 

2.  By  absorption, — by  the  French  termed  broie- 
ment,  or  bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  former;  except  that,  instead  of 
turning  the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual 
rays,  it  is  divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
needle,  and  its  fragments  are  scattered  in  the 
humours  of  the  eye,  where  they  are  absorbed. 

3.  By  extraction,  which  consists  in  opening,  with 
a  particular  kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea 
and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  capsule  of  the 
crystalline ;  and  causing  the  lens  to  issue  through 
the  aperture.  Each  of  the  processes  -has  its  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages,  and  all  are  used  by 
surgeons.  4.  Some,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 
through  the  transparent  cornea  and  pupil  to  the 
crystalline,  and  depress  or  cause  its  absorption. 
This  is  called  Eeratonyxsis,  which  see. 

Cataract,  Black,  Amaurosis — o.  Capsular, 
see  Cataract — c.  Capsulo-lenticular,  see  Cataract 
• — c.  Central,  Centradiaphanes — c.  Cheesy,  see 
Cataract — c.  Congenital,  see  Cataract — c.  Com- 
plicated, see  Cataract — o.  Fixed,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Oenuine,  see  Cataract — c.  Hard,  see  Cataract 
— e.  Lenticular,  see  Cataract — c.  Membranous, 
see  Cataract — c  Milky,  see  Cataract — c.  Opake, 
see  Cataract — c.  Primary,  see  Cataract— c.  Primi- 
tive, see  Cataract — c.  Secondary,  see  Cataract — 
c  Simple,  see  Cataract — c.  Soft,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Spurious,  see  Cataract — c.  Stony,  see  Cataract 
— c.  Vacillating,  see  Cataract. 

CATARACTA,  Cataract— c.  Arida  siliquosa, 
see  Cataract — c.  Capsulo-lenticularis,  see  Cata- 
ract— c.  Centralis,  Centradiaphanes — c.  Dimidi- 
ate, see  Cataract — c  Fenestrate,  see  Cataract — 
e.  Glauca,  Glaucoma  —  c.  Lacticolor,  see  Cata- 
ract— c.  Liquida,  Hygrocataracta — c.  Marmo- 
racea,  see  Cataract — c.  Morgagniana,  see  Cata- 
ract—  c.  Nigra,  Amaurosis — c.  Punctata,  see 
Cataract — c.  Stellate,  see  Cataract. 

CATARACTE,  ABAISSEMENT  DE  LA,  see 
Cataract — c.  Blanche,  see  Cataract — c.  Branlante, 
see  Cataract — c.  Brunt,  see  Cataract — c.  Casiuse, 
see  Cataract —  c.  Diplacement  de  la,  see  Cataract 
— <?.  Fixe,  see  Cataract — c.  Qrise,  see  Cataract- 
c.  Jaune,  see  Cataract — c.  Laiteuse,  see  Cataract 
— e.  Noire,  Amaurosis,  see  Cataract — c.  Perlei, 
see  Cataract — c.  Pierreuse,  see  Cataract — c  Verte, 
see  Cataract 

CATARACTE,  (F.)  Catarac'tus,  Catarac'td 
vitia'tns.  Onfc  affected  with  cataract.  The  French 
use  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected  with  cata- 
ract and  the  patient  himself. 

CATARIA,  see  Nepeta — c  Vulgaris,  Nepeta. 

CATARRH',  Catar'rhus,  Catar'rhopus,  Catar- 
rheu'ma,  Rheuma,  Defiux'io,  Catastag'ma,  Phleg- 
matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrha' 'a, from  Kara,  *  down- 
wards/ and  ptu,  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  fluid 
from  a  mucous  membrane.  The  ancients  consi- 
dered catarrh  as  a  simple  flux,  and  not  as  an  in- 
flammation. Generally  it  partakes  of  this  cha- 
racter, however.  Catarrh  is,  with  us,  usually 
restricted  to  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  air-passages :  the  French  extend  it 
to  that  of  all  mucous  membranes;  (F.)  Flux 
muqueuX;  Fluxion  catarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  sense,  Broncho-catar'- 


rhva,  PuVmonary  Catarrh,  Lung  fever,  (vul- 
garly,) Rheuma  Pec'toris,  DestiUa'tio  Pec'tori^ 
Catar'rhus  Pec'toris,  0.  Pulmo'num,  C.  Pulmo- 
na'lis,  C.  Bronchia'lis,  Blennop'tysis,  Tus'sis  co- 
tarrha'lis,  simplex,  Grave' do  (of  many),  Febrie 
CatarrhaHis,  Blennotho'rax,  Bronchi'tie,  Catar1- 
rhus  &  Fri'gore,  (F.)  Catarrhe  pulmonaire,  Fitvre 
Catarrhale,  Rhume  de  Poitriney  a  Cold,  is  a  su- 
perficial inflammation  of  the  mucous  follicles  of 
the  trachea  and  bronchi.  It  is  commonly  an  af- 
fection of  but  little  consequence,  but  apt  to  re- 
lapse and  become  chronic.  It  is  characterized 
by  cough,  thirst,  lassitude,  fever,  watery  eyes, 
with  increased  secretion  of  mucus  from  the  air- 
passages.  The  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  time 
usually  remove  it — Sometimes,  the  inflammation 
of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so  great  as  to  prove 
fatal. 

Catarrh,  Acute,  of  the  Uterus,  see  Metri- 
tis—  c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis,  (chronic)  —  c.  Dry, 
see  Bronchi  ub —  c.  Pulmonary,  Bronchitis,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Rose,  Fever,  hay — c  Suffocating  ner- 
vous, Asthma,  Thymicum  —  c.  Summer,  Fever, 
hay. 

Catarrh',  Epidex'ic,  Catar'rhus  epidem'icus, 
C.  A  conta'gio,  Rheuma  epidem'icum.  Catarrh 
prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Constitutio 
aeris,  and  affecting  a  whole  country, — Influenza* 

CATARRHACTA,  Cataract 

CATAR'RHAL,  Oatarrha'lis,  Catarrho'icut, 
Catarrhdit'icvs,  Catarrhoet'icus.  Relating  to 
catarrh, — as  Catarrhal  Fever. 

CATARRHE  AIGUE  DE  L' UTERUS,*** 
Metritis  —  c.  Buccal,  Aphthae,  —  c.  Convulsive, 
Bronchitis— c.  Gastrique,  Gastritis* — c.  Guttural, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — c.  Intestinal,  Diarrhoea — 
c.  Laryngien,  Laryngitis  —  c.  Nasal,  Coryra — 
c.  Oculaire,  Ophthalmia  —  c.  de  V  Oreille,  Otir- 
rhcea  —  c.  Pharyngien,  Cynanche  parotid ea  —  c. 
Pituiteux,  Bronchorrhcea  —  c.  Pulmonaire,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Sec;  see  Bronchitis — c.  Stomacal,  Gas- 
trorrhoea — c.  Utirin,  Leucorrhcea  —  c.  Ve'sical, 
Cystorrhcea. 

CATARRHEC'TICA,  from  jraraftwryvufii,  'I 
break  down.'  Remedies  considered  proper  for 
evacuating; — as  diuretics,  cathartics,  <kc.  Hip- 
pocrates. 

CATARRHEUMA,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHE  UX(¥.)  Catarrho'sus.  One  sub- 
ject to  catarrh ;  affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRHEX'IA,  Oatarrhex'is ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Catarrhectica.  The  action  of  Catarrhec- 
tica.    Also,  effusion;  evacuation  of  the  bowels. 

CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhexia,  Excrement— 
o.  Vera,  Htentatochezia. 

CATARRH (E A,  Rheumatism. 

CATARRHOET'ICUS,  from  Karappeu,  'I  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease  produced  by  a 
discharge  of  phlegm ;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RHOPA  PHY'MATA,from  jrarnflXHr,*, 
Karappowtis, '  sloping  downwards.'  Tubercles  tend- 
ing downwards,  or  with  their  apices  downwards. 

CATARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

CATARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

CATARRHO'PIA,  Catar'rhysis,  from  itara 
'downwards,'  and  povn,  'inclination.'  An  afflux 
of  fluids  towards  the  inferior  parts,  and  espe- 
cially towards  the  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  The 
Greek  word  avappona  expresses  an  opposite  phe- 
nomenon, or  a  tendency  towards  the  upper  parts. 

CATARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHOS'CHESIS,  from  xaroppo;,  'ca- 
tarrh/ and  ffxeoif,  '  suppression/  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  mucous  discharge. 

CATARRHUS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— e.  -ffistivua, 
fever,  hay — c.  Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche  paroti- 
daea — c.  Bronchialis,  Catarrh  —  o.  Eronchiornm, 
Bronchitis — c.  a  Contagio,  Influenza — o.  Bpi- 


CATAERHTSIS 


180 


CATINTJS  FUSORIUS 


demicus,  Influenza,  Catarrh,  epidemic — e.  Geni- 
talium,  Louoorrhoca — e.  Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea 
— c  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea — o.  Laryngeus,  La- 
ryngo-catarrhus — o.  ad  Nares,  Coryza — o.  Nasa- 
lis,  Coryza — c.  Pulmonalis,  Catarrh — c.  Pulmo- 
Bum,  Bronchitis,  Catarrh — o.  Senilis,  Bronchitis, 
(chronic)— c.  Suffocativus  Barbadensis,  C.  trache- 
alis— c.  Trachealis,  Laryngo-catarrhus — c.  Ure- 
thra, Gonnorrhoea  pura — c.  Urethralis,  Gonor- 
rhoea— o.  Vesica),  Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Deflation. 
CATARTISIS,  Catartismus. 
CATARTIS'MUS,  Catar'tUi;  from  *«rafm£«», 
'  to  repair,  replace/    The  coaptation  of  a  luxated 
or  fractured  bone,  or  hernia. 
CATASARCA,  Anasarca. 
CATASCEUE,  Structure. 
CATASCHAS  M  US,  Bloodletting,  Scarification. 
CATASTAGMUS,  Catarrh,  Coryza. 
CATASTALAGMUS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 
CATASTALTICA,  Hsematostatica,  Sedatives. 
CATAS'TASIS,  from  Ka$i<miut,  '  I  establish.' 
The  constitution,  state,  condition,  Ac,  of  any 
thing.  —  Hippocrates.    Also  the  reduction  of  a 
bone.     See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 

CATAT'ASIS,  from  Kararuvu,  'I  extend'.  Ex- 
tension. The  extension  and  reduction  of  a  frac- 
tured limb. — Hippocrates. 

CATATHLIPSIS,  Oppression. 
CATAWBA  TREE,  Catalpa. 
CATAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCH  FLY,  Apooynum  androsamifolium, 
Silone  Virginioa. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHU.    The  extract  of  various  parts  of 
the  Aca'cia  Cat'echu,  Mimo'sa  Cat'echu,  Caaetf- 
chu,  an  oriental  tree.    The  drug  is  also  called 
Terra    Japon'ica,    Extrac'tum    Catechu,    Japan 
Earthy  Catcheu,  Cadtchu,  Cathow,  Oaitehu,  Uast- 
joef  Cacau,  Cate,  Kaath,  Cuti,  Cutck,  Co'ira,  Suc- 
eu*  Japon'icus,  (F.)  Cachou.    It  is  a  powerful 
astringent,  and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  he- 
morrhage, Ac.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  gss,  in  powder. 
Catechu,  Square,  see  Nauclea  gambir. 
CATEIAD'ION,  from  Kara,  and  tta,  'a  blade 
of  grass.'     A  long  instrument  thrust  into  the 
nostrils  to  excite    hemorrhage    in  headaoh. — 
Arct&us. 
CATENA  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  anticus. 
CATEONESIS,  Catantlema. 
CATGUT,  Galega  Virginiana. 
CATH^'RESIS,  Kadaipeas,  'subtraction,  di- 
minution.'   Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing  to 
forced  exercise.  —  Hippocrates.    The  action  of 
-catheretics. 

CATH^RETICUS,  Catheretic. 
CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 
CATHARISMOS,  Depuration. 
CATHAR'MA,   Purgament'um.     The  matter 
evacuated  by  a  purgative,   or  by  spontaneous 
purging :  also,  a  cathartic. 

CATHAR'MUS,  Same  etymon;  a  purgation. 
—  Hippocrates.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic,  Ac. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  KaSaipttv,  (xaff  and  atpuv, 
'to  take  away/)  'to  purge/  Purga'tio,  Apoca- 
thar'sis,  Copropho'ria,  Coprophore'rie.  A  natu- 
ral or  artificial  purgation  of  any  passage ; — mouth, 
anus,  vagina,  Ac. 

0  A  THAR'  TIC,  Cathar't%eu9t  Cathare'ticu*, 
Cat  ho  r*  ma,  Coprocrit'icum,  Coprago'gum,  Luatra- 
Mtn'ium,  Purgant  medicament' urn,  TrichilVum,  De- 
jeeto'rium  Iiemed'ium,  Eccathar'tictu,  Hypacti- 
ciu,  Hopochoret'icut,  Alvum  cvac'uans,  HypeUato*, 
Lapac'ticm,  Apocathar'tictu.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Oathartique.  A  medicine  which,  whon  taken  in- 
ternally, increases  the  number  of  alvine  evacua- 
tions.   Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper  part 


of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  colocynth  ; 
others,  on  the  lower  part,  as  aloe*  ;  and  some  on 
the  whole  extent,  as  •aline  purgatives.  Hence  a 
choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics  are  divided 
into  purgatives  and  laxatives.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  chief  cathartics  : 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandica,  Colocynthis,  Elate- 
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  Hydrarg.  cum 
Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Juglans,  Magnesia.  Magnesias 
Carbonas,  Magnesise  Sulphas,  Manna,  Mannita, 
Oleum  Euphorbias  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini, 
Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum,  Potassse  Acetas,  Po- 
tass® Bisulphas,  Potassse  Sulphas,  Potassse  Bi- 
tartras,  Potass®  Tartras,  Rheum,  Scammonium, 
Senna,  Sinapis,  Sodao  et  Potasses  Tartras,  Sodas 
Phosphas,  Sodas  Sulphas,  Sodi  Chloridum,  Sul- 
phur, Veratria,  Aquas  Minerales  Sulphuress  et 
Salinse,  Enemata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia  Senna,  and  Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 

CA  THAR  TIQ  UE,  Cathartic. 
CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula. 
CATHEDRA,  Anus. 
CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 
CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 
CATHERET'IC,    Catharet'icug,   Ectylot'icu*, 
Sarcoph' agu$,  from  naScupctv,  '  to  eat,'  '  destroy/ 
Substances  applied  to  warte,  exuberant  granula- 
tions, Ac,  to  eat  them  down.     Mild  caustict. 

CATH'ETER,  from  KaStQpi  («aff,  and  mpi,  'to 
sond,')  '  I  explore/  JEne'a,  Al'galie,  Cathcte'ria, 
Demis$or,  Immis'sor.  A  hollow  tube,  introduced 
by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  bladder,  for  the 
purpose  of  drawing  off  the  urine.  Catheters  are 
made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum.  See  Bougie.  The 
French  generally  use  the  word  catheter  for  the 
solid  sound  or  staff;  and  algalie  and  eondc  for 
the  hollow  instrument. 

Catheter,  Nasal.  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Gensoul,  of  Lyons,  for  cathetcrizing  the 
ductus  ad  nasum.  It  is  hook-shaped ;  the  extre- 
mity, bent  at  a  right  angle,  is  about  an  inch  in 
length,  suited  to  the  distance  of  the  lower  orifice 
of  the  duct  from  the  nostril,  and  likewise  to  the 
length  and  form  of  the  duct,  with  a  slight  spiral 
turn. 

CATHETERIS,  Catheter. 
CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus. 
CATHETERIS'MUS,  Cathete'ritia,  Catheteri- 
aa'tio,    Oath'cterism,    Catheterization,    Immis'sio 
Cathete'ris,  same  etymon.   The  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  sound  into  the  bladdor  or  Eustachian 
tube.    Also  probing  a  wound.    Melosis. 
CATHETERIZATION,  Catheterismus. 
CATH'ETERIZE.     To  perform  the  operation 
of  catheterism ; — in  other  words,  to  introduce  the 
catheter,  to  probe  or  sound  a  cavity. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  jca$tfy»«,  'I  place  to- 
gether/   Reduction  of  a  part  to  its  natural  situ- 
ation. 
CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  Bemi-vitretan. 
CATHMIR,  Calamina. 

CATHOD'IC,  Cathod'icua;  from  gad*,  'down- 
wards,' and  boos, '  a  way/  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  downward  course  of  ner- 
vous action. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Humeure  Ca- 
tholiqnea,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 
CATHOLICON,  Panacea. 
Cathol'icon  Duplex.     An  ancient  purging 
electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  cassia,  tamarinds, 
rhubarb,  senna,  Ac. 
CATHOLIC UM,  Panacea. 
CATIL'LIA.    A  weight  of  nine  ounce*. 
CATILLUS,  Cup. 
CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 


CATLING 


181 


CAUSA 


CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 

CATO,  Kant,  'below/  'beneath.'  This  word, 
In  the  writings  of  Hippocrates,  is  often  used  for 
the  abdomen,  especially  the  intestines.  When  he 
advises  a  remedy  kotu>,  he  means  a  purgative ; 
when  avu,  'above  or  upwards/  an  emetic  As  a 
prefix,  Goto  means  '  beneath,'  as  in 

CATO  CATHARTIC,  Catocathar'ticue,  from 
tar*,  'downwards/  and  ca£a<peu,  'I  purge/  A 
medicine  which  purges  downwards.  One  that 
produces  alvine  evacuations.  The  antithesis  to 
Anacathartic. 

CATOCHA  GALENI,  Catalepsy. 

CAT'OCHE,  Cat'ocKeUj  Catochue,  from  tarex*, 
*I  retain/  '  I  hold  fast*  This  word  has,  by  some, 
been  used  synonymously  with  Catalepsy  ;  by 
others,  with  Coma  vigil;  by  others,  with  Tetanus. 

CATOCHUS,  Catoche,  Eestasis — c.  Cervinus, 
Tetanus — c  Holotontcus,  Tetanus — c  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CATOMIS'MOS,   from  Kant,  'beneath/  and 

£p$,  'shoulder/  Subhumera'txo.  A  mode  with 
e  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  humerus 
by  raising  the  body  by  the  arm. — Paulas  of  JSgina. 

CATOPTER,  Speculum. 

CATOP'TRIC  EXAMINATION  OF  THE 
EYE.  When  a  lighted  candle  is  held  before  the 
eye,  the  pupil  of  which  has  been  dilated  by  bella- 
donna, three  images  of  it  are  seen — two  erect,  and 
•ne  inverted:  —  the  former  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  cornea  and  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline; the  latter  owing  to  reflection  from  the 
posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline.  This  mode  of 
examining  the  eye  has  been  proposed  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  between  cataract  and  amaurosis.  In 
the  latter,  all  the  images  are  seen. 

CATOPTROMANCY,  from  Karorrroov,  (jcara, 
and  omoftat,)  'a  mirror/  and  pavrua,  'divination.' 
A  kind  of  divination  by  means  of  a  mirror. 

CATOPTRON,  Speculum. 

CATORCHI'TES.  A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  and  black  grape,  or  dried 
figs.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic  and 
emmenagogue. — Diosoorides.  Called,  also,  Syci'- 
tee. — Galen. 

CATORETICXJS,  Purgative. 

CATOTERICUS,  Purgative. 

CATO'TICA,  from  kutu,  'beneath/  Diseases 
infecting  internal  surfaces.  Pravity  of  the  fluids 
or  emunctories,  that  open  on  the  internal  surfaces 
of  organs.  The  second  order  in  the  class  Eccri- 
tica  of  Good. 

CATOX'YS,  Peracu'tu$,  from  Kara,  'an  inten- 
sive/ and  ofvt,  'acute/  Highly  acute ;  as  Morbus 
Catoxye,  Jf.  Peracu'tue,  a  very  acute  disease. 

CAT'S  EYE,  AMAUROTIC,  see  Amaurotic 

CAT'SFOOT,  Antennaria  dioica. 

CATTAGAUMA,  Cambogia. 

CATTITEROS,  Tin. 

CATULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

CATU-TRIPALI,  Piper  longum. 

CAUCALIS  CAROTA,  Daucus  carota— c  Sa- 
nicula,  Sanicula. 

CAUCALOIDES,  Patella. 

CAUCASIAN,  see  Homo. 

CAUCHEMAR,  Incubus. 

CAUCJIEVIEILLE,  Incubus. 

CAUCHUC,  Caoutchouc 

CAUDA,  Coccyx,  Penis. 

Cauda  Equi'na.  The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,  about  the  second  lumbar  vertebra, 
gives  off  a  considerable  number  of  nerves,  which, 
when  unravelled,  resemble  a  horse's  tail, — hence 
the  name;  (F.)  Queue  de  Cheval,  Q.dela  Motile 
Eptniire.    See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

Cauda  Salax,  Penis. 

CAUDAL,  Caudate,  Cauda' lis,  Cauda' tu*;  from 
Cauda,  'a  tail/  Relating  or  appertaining  to  a 
tall     Having  a  tail  or  tail-like  appendage:  — 


as  l  caudal  or  caudate  corpuscles' — corpuscles 
having  a  tail-like  appendage,  as  in  cancerous 
growths. 

CAUDATE,  Caudal. 

CAUDATIO,  Clitorism. 

CAUDATUS,  Bicaudatus. 

CAUDIEZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cau- 
dles is  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from  Perpig- 
nan,  in  France,  where  there  is  a  thermal  spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  iron. 

CAUDLE:  (F.)  Chaudeau,  chaud,  'warm  or 
hot.'  A  nourishing  gruel  given  to  women  during 
the  childbed  state.  The  following  is  a  form  for 
it :  Into  a  pint  of  fine  gruel,  not  thick,  put,  whilst 
it  is  boiling  hot,  the  yolk  of  an  egg  beaten  with 
sugar,  and  mixed  with  a  large  spoonful  of  cold 
water,  a  glass  of  wine,  and  nutmeg.  Mix  the 
whole  well  together.  Brandy  Is  sometimes  sub- 
stituted for  the  wine,  and  lemon  peel  or  capillalre 
added.  It  is  also  sometimes  made  of  gruel  and 
beer,  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

CAUL,  from  (L.)  eaula,  'a  fold/  Pilue,  PiU'- 
olue,  Ga'lea,  Vitta,  (F.)  Coeffe,  Coiffe  —  (Etre  n* 
coeffi — 'to  be  born  with  a  caul/)  The  English 
name  for  the  omentum.  When  a  child  is  born 
with  the  membranes  oyer  the  face,  it  is  said  to 
have  been  '  born  with  a  caul.'  In  the  catalogue 
of  superstitions,  this  is  one  of  the  favourable 
omens.  The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer 
privileges  upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  mem- 
branes are  dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high 
price.     See  Epiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Cicye'dQn,frominv\9t,  'a stalk.' 
A  transverse  fracture 

CAU'LIFLOWER,  (G.)  Kohl,  'cabbage/  and 
flower  [  ?  ],  Brassioa  Florida. 

Cauliflower  Excres'cenck,  Excresccn'tia 
Syphilitica,  JF.)  Ohoufleur.  A  syphilitic  ex- 
crescence, which  appears  about  the  origin  of  the 
mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus  and 
vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance,  the 
head  of  the  cauliflower. 

CAULIS,  Penis— c.  Florida,  Brassica  Florida. 

CAULOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROi'DBS, 
Leon'tici  thalictroVdce,  Blueberry  Cohosh,  Cohosh, 
Cohuth,  Blueberry,  Papoose  Boot,  Squaw  Boot, 
Blue  Ginseng,  Yellow  Ginseng,  a  plant  of  the  Fa- 
mily Berberidess;  Sex.  Sytt.  Hexandria  Mono- 
gynia,  which  grows  all  over  the  United  States, 
flowering  in  May  and  June.  The  infusion  of  the 
root  is  much  used  by  the  Indians  in  various  dis- 
eases. To  it  are  ascribed  emmenagogue  and  dia- 
phoretic virtues. 

CAULOPLE'GIA,  from  «avXoc,  'the  male  or- 
gan/ and  w\nyv,  'a  wound/  or  'stroke/  An  in- 
jury or  paralysis  of  the  male  organ. 

CAULORRHAGIA,  Stimatosis— o.  Ejaculato- 
ria,  Spermato-cystidorrhagia — e.  StillatiUa,  Ure- 
throrrhagia. 

CAULORRHOSABENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea 
pura. 

CAULUS,  Penis. 

CAUMA,  cau/ia,  'a  burnt  part,'  from  kqiu,  'I 
burn/  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synooha,  Empresma. 

Cauma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  traajiealis  —  e. 
Carditis,  Carditis  —  o.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  c. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — c.  Haamorrhagicum,  Haemor- 
rhagia  activa — c  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis  —  c.  Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia — o.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis 
— c.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  c  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis 
— c  Podagricum,  Gout— c  Rheomatismus,  Rheu- 
matism, acute. 

CAUMATO'DES,  CaumaWrue,  from  cav«i«, 
'fire-heat'  Burning  hot.  Febrie  caumato'dee, 
F,  eauio'det.    Inflammatory  fever.    6ynooha. 

CAUNGA,  Areoa. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCTA,  Cause,  proximate— a. 
Continens,  Cause,  proximate. 


CAUS-H 


182 


CAUSTICUM 


CAUSJ3  ABDITJB,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote— c.  Actual es,  Causes,  occasional — c.  Ptsb- 
Incipientes,  Causes,  procatarctic —  c.  Proe'gume- 
nse,  Causes,  predisponent 

CAUSE,  Cau'sa,  Ai'tia,  Ai'tion.  An  act  which 
precodes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary 
condition 'for  the  occurrence  of  the  latter.  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure; although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occasional  causes 
are  the  only  two,  on  which  any  stress  can  be 
laid;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them  differ- 
ently, a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Ac'cessory,  (F.)  Cause  Accessoire. 
One  which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accident' al,  Common  Causes,  (F.) 
Causes  Accidentelles,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions;  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia,  rheu- 
matism, Ac. 

CAUSES  CACH&ES,  C.  occult— c.  Common, 
C.  accidental — c.  Exciting,  C.  Occasional — c  Es- 
sential, C.  Specific— e.  Dtterminantes,  C.  Specific 
— c.  Eloignies,  C.  Predisponent. 

Causes,  Extern' al,  (F.)  Causes  externa,  are 
such  as  act  externally  to  the  individual;  as  air, 
oold,  Ac. 

CAUSES  FORMELLES,  (F.)  are  such  as 
determine  the  form  or  kind  of  disease.  They 
differ  from  the  Causes  matirielles,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases;  as,  to  the  neuroses, 
phlegmasia^,  Ac 

Causes,  Hidden,  C.  Occult 

Causes,  Intern'al,  (F.)  Causes  Internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body;  —  as  mental 
emotions,  Ac. 

Causes,  Mechan'ical,  (F.)  Causes  mtcaniques, 
are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pressure 
upon  the  windpipe'  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  Neg'ative,  (F.)  Causes  negatives,  com- 
prise all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions;  —  as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
causes,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce  dis- 
ease ; — as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spirituous 
drinks,  Ac. 

Causes,  Obscure,  C.  Occult 

Causes,  Occa'sional,  Exci'ting  Causes,  Causa 
actua'les,  (F.)  Causes  occasionelles,  are  those 
which  immediately  produce  disease.  The  occa- 
sional causes  have  been  divided  into  the  cogniz- 
able and  non-cognizable. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 


I.  Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Mechanical. 

2.  ChemicaL 

3.  Ingesta. 

4.  Bodily  exertion. 

5.  Mental  emotion. 

6.  Excessive  evacuation. 

7.  Suppressed  or  defective  evacua- 

tion. 

8.  Defective  cleanliness,  ventilation 

and  draining. 

9.  Temperature  and  changes. 


Bxcitino 
Causes 

of 
Disease. 


II.    Non- Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Endemic.      1 

2.  Epidemic.     >  Poisons. 

3.  Infectious.    J 


Causes,  Occult',  Hidden  causes,  Obscure 
(F.)  Causes  occultes  ou  cachies  ou  obscures.    Any 
3Mses  with  which  we  are  unacquainted;  also, 


certain  inappreciable  characters  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes,  Phys'ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physiques,— 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties ;  as  form,  hardness,  Ac  All  vulnerating 
bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiolog"ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physio* 
logiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  matter ; 
— narcotics,  for  example. 

Causes,  Predispo'nent,  Remote  causes,  Causa 
prolgu'mena,  Causa  ab'dita,  Causa  remo'ta; 
(F.)  Causes  prtdisponantes,  Causes  4hignSes, — 
those  which  render  the  body  liable  to  disease. 
They  may  be  general,  affecting  a  number  of  peo- 
ple, or  particular,  affecting  only  one  person. 

Causes,  Prin'cipai*,  (E.)  Causes  principals 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  the 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Procatarc'tic,  Causa  procatarc'tica, 
Causa  praincipien'tes,  from  irf oxarapcrixof,  'the 
origin  or  beginning  of  a  thing/  (icarap^u,  '  I  be- 
gin/ and  rpo,  '  before.')  These  words  have  been 
used  with  different  significations.  Some  have 
employed  them  synonymously  with  predisponent 
or  remote  causes  j  others  with  occasional  or  excit- 
ing causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHAINE,  C  proximate. 

Cause,  Prox'imate,  Causa  prox'ima  vel  con'- 
tinens  vel  conjunc'ta,  (F.)  Cause  contitiente  ou  pro- 
chain  e,  may  be  the  disease  itself.  Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora. 

Causes,  Remote,  C.  predisponent 

Causes,  Specip'ic,  Essen'tial  causes,  Ac,  (F.) 
Causes  sptcijiqxies,  C.  essentielles,  C.  determinants*; 
those  which  always  produce  a  determinate  dis- 
ease ;  special  contagion,  for  example 

CAUSIS,  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation,  In- 
oendium,  Ustion. 

CAUS0MA,  Inflammation. 

CAUS'TIC,  Caus'ticus,  Cautcret'icue,  Diaref- 
icus,  Ero'dens,  Adu'rens,  Urens,  Pyrot'icus,  from 
icaita,  'I  burn/  (F.)  Caustique.  Bodies,  which 
have  the  property  of  causticity;  and  which  con- 
sequently, burn  or  disorganize  animal  substances. 
The  word  is  also  used  substantively.  The  most 
active  are  called  Escharot'ics.  Caustics  are  also 
termed  'corrosives.' 

Caustic  Bearer,  Porte-pierre.  «» 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

CAUSTICITY,  Caustic" itas,  from  cavort**, 
'that  which  burns/  (xaita,  'I  burn.)  The  impres- 
sion which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the  organ  of 
taste;  or,  more  commonly,  the  property  which 
distinguishes  those  bodies. 

CAUSTICOPHORUM,  Porte-pierre. 

CAUSTICUM  JETHIOP'ICUM,  UnguenUum 
Melan'icum  caus'ticum.  A  sort  of  paste,  made  by 
rubbing  powdered  saffron  with  concentrated  sut 
phuric  acid,  recommended  by  Velpeau  as  a  caus- 
tic in  cases  of  gangrenous  and  carcinomatous  ul- 
cers. The  acid  is  the  caustic:  the  saffron,  the 
constituent  merely. 

Causticum  Alkaldtum,  Potassa  fusa — c  Ame- 
ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  c  Antimoniale, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

Causticum  Commu'nE,  Poten'tial  Cautery,  Com- 
mon Caustic,  Caute'rium  potentia'le,  Lapis  sep1- 
ticus,  Caus'ticum  commu'ne  mit'ius.  This  con- 
sists of  quicklime  and  black  soap,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

Causticum  Commune,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Com- 
mune acerrimum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Commune  for- 
tius, Potassa  cum  calce — c  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras 
—  c.  Potentiale,  Potassa  fusa — c  Salinum,  Po- 
tassa fusa — c.  Yiennense  fusum  Filhos,  see  Pow- 
der, Vienna. 


CAUSTIQUE 


183 


CAVERNOUS 


CA  U8T1Q  UE,  Caustic. 

OAUSTIQUE  FILHOS,  see  Powder,  Vienna. 

CAUSTIQUE  BE  VIENNE,  Powder,  Vi- 
enna. 

CAUSUS,  from  caw,  '  I  barn/  A  highly  ar- 
dent fever ;  Deu'rens.  Pinel  regards  it  as  a  com- 
plication of  bilious  and  inflammatory  fever; 
Broussais,  as  an  intense  gastritis,  accompanied 
with  bilious  symptoms.     See  Synocha. 

Causus,  Exdexial,  or  the  West  Indies, 
Fever,  Yellow  —  c.  Tropicus  endemicus,  Fever, 
Yellow. 

CAUTER,  Cauterium. 

CAUT&RE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus  —  c.  Inhe- 
rent, Inherent  cautery. 

CAUTERETICUS,  Caustic. 

CAUTERETS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cauterets  is  a  bourg  seven  leagues  from  Bar6ges 
{Hautes-Pyrinies,)  France.  The  waters  are  hy- 
arosulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  123°  F. 
They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Bareges 
water. 

CAUTERIASMUS,  Cauterization. 

CAUTE'RIUM,  Cauterium  actua'li,  Cauter, 
Cau'tery,  Inusto'rium,  Rupto'rium,  Ignis  actua'lis, 
from  Kaiu,  '  I  burn/  (F.)  Cautire,  Feu  actuel.  A 
substance,  used  for  '  firing/  burning  or  disorga- 
nizing the  parts  to  which  it  is  applied.  Cauteries 
were  divided  by  the  ancients  into  actual  and  po- 
tential. The  word  is  now  restricted  to  the  red- 
hot  iron;  or  to  positive  burning.  It  was,  for- 
merly, much  used  for  preventing  hemorrhage 
from  divided  arteries;  and  also  with  the  same 
views  as  a  blister.  The  term  Potential  Cautery, 
Caute'rium  potentia'li,  Ignis  potentia'lis,  (F.)  Feu 
potentiel,  was  generally  applied  to  the  causticum 
commune,  but  it  is  now  used  synonymously  with 
caustic  in  general.    Cautire  also  means  an  issue. 

Cauterium  Actuale,  Cauterium. 

CAUTERIZA'TION,  Cauterisa'tio,  Cauterias'- 
mus,Exus'tio,  Inus'tio,  Cans' ticaAdus'tio.  Firing. 
The  effect  of  a  cautery.  The  French,  amongst 
whom  cauterization  is  much  used,  distinguished 
five  kinds :  1.  Cauterisation  Inhtrente,  which  con- 
gists  in  applying  the  actual  cautery  freely,  and 
with  a  certain  degree  of  force,  so  as  to  disorganize 
deeply.  2.  Cautirisation  transcurrente,  which 
consists  in  passing  the  edge  of  the  Cautire  culteU 
laire,  or  the  point  of  the  Cautkre  eonique  lightly, 
so  as  not  to  disorganize  deeply.  3.  Cautirisation 
par  pointes,  which  consists  in  applying  on  the 
•kin,  here  and  there,  the  hot  point  of  the  conical 
cautery,  with  sufficient  force  to  cauterize  the 
whole  thickness  of  the  skin.  4.  CauUrisation 
lente,  slow  cauterization,  by  means  of  the  moxa. 
6.  Cauterisation  objective,  which  consists  in  hold- 
ing the  cautery  at  some  distance  from  the  part 
to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

Cau'terize;  Oaustieo  adurere ;  (F.)  Cau~ 
iiriser.  To  apply  the  cautery.  To  burn  with  a 
cautery. 

CAUTERY,  Cauterium  — o.  Potential,  Causti- 
cum commune. 

CAVA,  Vulva. 

Cava  Vena,  Vena  hepati'tes.  The  hollow  or 
deep-seated  vein.  (F.)  Veine  cave.  A  name 
given  to  the  two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which 
meet  at  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart  The  vena 
cava  superior,  thorac"ica  vel  descen'dens,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  subclavians ;  and  re- 
ceives successively,  before  its  termination  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  right  auricle,  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, right  internal  mammary,  superior  diaphrag- 
matic, azygos,  Ac.  The  vena  cava  in/e'rior,  ab- 
domina'lis  vel  ascen'dens,  arises  from  the  union 
of  the  two  primary  iliacs,  opposite  the  fourth  or 
fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  sacral, 
lumbar,  right  tpermatic,  hepatic,  and  inferior  dia- 


phragmatic; and  opens  at  the  posterior  and  in* 
ferior  part  of  the  right  auricle. 

CAVATIO,  Cavity. 

CAVE  A,  Cavity—c.  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVER'NA,  Antrum.  'A  cavern/  This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  generation. 
See  Cavity,  and  Vulva. 

Cavern  a  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVERNiE  DENTIUM,  Alveoli  denUum— e> 
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses. 

CA  VERNEUX,  Cavernous. 

CAVERNOUS,  Caverno'sus,  (F.)  Cavemeux. 
Filled  with  small  cavities  or  caverns,  —  as  a 
sponge. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Caccrnos'a  of  the 
penis,  Cor'pora  nervo'sa,  C.  Ner'vco-spongio'sa 
Penis,  (F.)  Corps  Cavemeux.  The  oorpus  caver- 
nosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac,  composed  of 
cells ;  separated,  through  its  whole  extent,  by  a 
vertical,  incomplete  septum,  Septum  pectinifor1* 
me,  and  forming  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  penis. 
The  corpus  cavernosum,  on  each  side,  arises  from 
the  ascending  portion  of  the  ischium,  and  termi- 
nates obtusely  behind  the  glans.  The  arteries 
of  the  corpora  cavernosa  come  from  the  internal 
pudic.  See  Helicine  Arteries.  Nerves  are  found 
on  the  surface  of  the  outer  membrane,  but  they 
do  not  appear  to  penetrate  the  substance,  and  the 
smooth  muscular  fibre  has  been  traced  into  the 
fibrous  parietes  of  the  cells,  as  in  the  case  of  all 
erectile  tissues. 

J.  Muller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches  pro- 
ceeding from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  animal 
system,  whilst  the  nerves  of  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Cavernosa  of  the 
Clit'oris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming  the  clitoris. 

Cavernous  Body  of  the  Vagi'na,  Corpus  Ca- 
ver nof  sum  Vagi' nee,  Plexus  retiform'is,  is  a  sub- 
stance composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which  covers 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  vagina,  on  each  side. 
It  serves  to  contract  the  entrance  to  the  vagina 
during  coition. 

Cavernous  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  or  Carotio 
Nerve. 

Cavernous  Respira'tion,  (F.)  When  a  cavity 
exists  in  the  lungs,  and  one  or  more  ramifications 
of  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it,  a  loud  tubal  noise 
is  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  be  not  filled  with 
fluid,  which  is  called  cavernous  respiration.  In 
this  condition,  the  cough  is  cavernous  likewise, 
(F.)  Toux  Cavernetise.  When  the  capacity  of  the 
cavern  is  very  great,  the  sound  of  the  respiration 
is  like  that  produced  by  blowing  into  a  decanter, 
with  the  mouth  at  a  little  distance  from  the  neck. 
This  kind  of  cavernous  respiration  has  been  called 
amphoric,  from  amphora,  'a  flask/  (F.)  Respi- 
ration amphorique,  Souffle  amphorique,  S.  mital- 
lique. 

The  Veiled  Puff,  (F.)  Souffle  voili,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Lae'nnec,  "  a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear" 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavernous  Sinus,  Sinus  Caverno'sus,  Sinus 
polymor'phus  seu  Receptac'ulum,  S.  sphenoidalis, 
Receptac'ulum  sella  equi'na  lat'eribus  appos'itum, 
(F.)  Sinus  cavemeux.  The  Cav'emoue  Si'nuses 
are  venous  cavities  of  the  dura  mater,  filled  with 
a  multitude  of  reddish,  soft  filaments,  intersect- 
ing each  other;  and,  as  it  were,  reticulated. 
They  commence  behind  the  inner  part  of  the 
sphenoid  fissure,  pass  backwards  on  the  sides  of 
the  fossa  pituitaria,  and  terminate  by  opening 


CAVIALE 


134 


CELL 


Into  a  cavity,  common  to  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior petrosal  sinuses.  They  receive  some  menin- 
geal veins,  the  ophthalmio  veins,  Ac.  The  ante- 
rior extremity  of  each  cavernous  sinus  has  been 
uamed  the  ojththal'mic  sinus. 

Cavernous  Texture  or  Tibstte,  (F.)  Ties* 
cavernciuc.  The  spongy  substance  which  forms 
the  greater  part  of  the  penis  and  clitoris.  It 
seems  to  consist  of  a  very  complicated  lace-work 
of  arteries  and  veins ;  and,  probably,  of  nervous 
filaments,  with  small  fibrous  plates,  which  form 
by  their  decussation  numerous  cells  communicat- 
ing with  each  other.  This  spongy  texture  pro- 
duces erection,  by  dilating  and  swelling  on  the 
influx  of  blood ;  and  probably,  also,  by  virtue  of 
some  property  inherent  in  it. 

CAVIALE,  Caviare. 

CAVIARE',  Caviar,  Caviale,  Kaviae.  A  culi- 
nary preparation,  much  used  by  certain  people, 
and  made  on  the  shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  from  the  roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with 
salt  and  other  condiments. 

CAVIC'ULA,  Cavil'la,  from  cams,  'hollow.' 
The  ankle  or  space  between  the  malleoli  Some 
have  given  this  name  to  the  os  cuneiforme.  See 
Astragalus. 

CAVICULiB  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 

CAVILLA,  Astragalus,  Cavicula. 

CAVITAS  ANTROSA  AURIS,  Tympanum— 
c.  Buccinata,  Cochlea— c.  Cochleata,  Cochlea. 

CAVITA9     DlOITATA    VeXTRICULI     LATERALIS, 

Cornu  posteriiis  ventriculi  lateralis. 

Cav'itas  Ellip'tica,  Ampul' la,  Sinus  amptd- 
la'ceus.  A  dilatation  at  one  end  of  the  semicir- 
cular canals  of  the  ear. 

Cavitas  Humeri  Gleitoides,  see  Glenoid — c. 
Narium,  Nares — c.  Oculi,  Orbit— c.  Oris,  Mouth 
— c.  PulpaD,  see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
•  brain— c.  Dune  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater 
— c.  In  nominates,  Auricles  of  the  heart — e.  Inter- 
scapulars?, sec  Interscapularis. 

CA  VITE,  Cavity — c.  Dentaire,  Dental  cavity — 
e.  des  Epiploon*,  see  Peritonaeum — c.  du  Tympan, 
Tympanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Oawm,  Cat'lotes,  Ccelon, 
Ca'vea,  Caver*  na,  Cava'tio,  {F.)  Cavitt.  Every 
thing  hollow,  as  the  cranium,  mouth,  nasal 
fossae,  Ac. 

Cavities,  SPLAHCHinc,  (P.)  Cavites  splanch- 
niques,  are  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number; — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  The  cavities  of  bones,  connected 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAVlfM,  Cavity — c.  Abdominis,  see  Abdomen. 

Cavum  Cra'nii,  Venter  Supre'mue.  The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth — o.  Narium,  Nares 
—o.  Oris,  Mouth— c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 

CAYAN,  Phaseolus  Creticus. 

CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot 

CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  arvense. 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastons— c 
Trinervis,  Celastrus. 

CEAR,  Heart. 

CEASMA,  Fissure. 

CEBI  GALLI'lUR.  The  liver  of  the  fowl, 
bnised. — Castelli. 

CEBIP'ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making  anti- 
rheumatic baths  and  fomentations 

CECES,  see  Quercus  alba. 

CticiTJS,  Csecitas. 

CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginian*. 

CEDEIA,  Embalming. 

CEDMA,  Aneurism,  Varix. 


CED'MATA,  Ktipara.  Rheumatic  pains  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hips,  groin,  or  genital 
organs.    A  form  of  gout  or  rheumatism. 

CEDRA  T,  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  Ktioot,  'the  cedar/  and 
ckatov,  '  oil/    The  oil  of  cedar.— Pliny. 

CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinum,  Cedri  lach'- 
ryma,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed  to 
possess  great  virtues.  —  Hippocrates,  Foesius, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pyroligneous 
acid.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  VINUM,  Cedar  Wine.  A  wine 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruised 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  snbastringent 

CEDRI'TES,  from  «3p©$,  'the  cedar.'  A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweet  wine. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  Ac 

CEDRIUM,  Cedria. 

CEDROMELA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRON,  Bee  Simaba  cedron. 

CEDRONELLA,  Melissa— o.  Triphylla,  Dra- 
cocephalum  canariense. 

CEDROS,  Juniperus  lycia, 

CEDROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

CEDRUS  BACCIFERA,  Juniperus  sabina— 
c.  Mahogani,  Sweetenia  mahogani. 

CEINTURE,  Cingulum,  Herpes  soster. 

CEINTURE  BLANCHE  BE  LA  CHO- 
ROlDE,  Ciliary  ligament 

CEINTURE  DARTREUSE,  Herpes  soster— 
c.  de  Hildane,  Cingulum  Hildani — c  de  Vif  Ar- 
gent, Cingulum  mercuriale. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens— «.  Common,  Cheli- 
donium  majus — c.  Lesser,  Ranunculus  fiearia— e. 
Poppy,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

CELAS'TRUS,  Celas'tus,  Ceano'thv*  Ameri- 
ca'nv*  sen  triner'vi*,  New  Jersey  Tea,  Red  Root. 
Used  by  the  American  Indians,  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  lobelia,  for  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is 
slightly  bitter  and  somewhat  astringent  A 
strong  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves  and  seeds  has 
been  recommended  in  aphthflB,  and  as  a  gargle  in 
scarlatina. 

Celastrus  Scakdesvb,  Climbing  Stafflree.  A 
climbing  American  shrub,  the  bark  of  which  is 
said  to  possess  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  narcotic 
properties. 

GELATION,  (F.)  Concealment,  from  celarc, 
'to  conceal.'  A  word  used  by  French  medico- 
legal writers  for  cases  where  there  has  been  con- 
cealment of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

CELE,  Kn\n,  'a  tumour,  protrusion,  or  rapture  f 
a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele,  bubono- 
cele, Ac.     See  Hernia. 

CEL'ERY,  (F.)  Ctleri.  The  English  name  for 
a  variety  of  Apium  graveolens. 

Celery,  Wild,  Bubon  galbanum. 

CELETA,  see  Hernial. 

CELIA,  Cerevisia. 

C&LIAQUE,  Cceliac. 

CELIS,  njXtt,  'a  spot,  a  stain/  A  macula,  or 
spot  on  the  skin. 

CELL,  Cello.  A  small  cavity.  The  same  sig- 
nification as  cellule.  Also,  a  vesicle  composed 
of  a  membranous  cell-wall,  with,  usually,  liquid 
contents.  The  whole  organized  body  may  be  re- 
garded as  a  congeries  of  cells  having  different 
endowments,  each  set  being  concerned  in  special 
acts,  connected  with  absorption,  nutrition,  and 
secretion,  wherever  an  action  of  selection  or  ela- 
boration has  to  be  effected.  These  cells  are  gene- 
rally termed  primary,  elementary,  or  primordial. 
When  they  give  rise  to  other  cells,  they  are,  at 
times,  termed  parent  or  mother  cells  ;  the  result- 
ing cells  being  termed  daughter  cells. 


CBLL-WALL 


18ft 


CENIPLAM 


Cell,  Apoplectic,  see  Apopleetie  ©eH  — c 
Bronohie,  Cellule,  bronchic — c  Calcigerous,  see 
Tooth  —  c  Daughter,  see  Cell — c  Elementary, 
see  Cell. 

Cell,  Eptdeb'mio  or  Epitoe'lial.  The  cells 
or  corpuscles  that  cover  the  free  membranous  sur- 
faces of  the  body,  and  which  form  the  epidermis 
and  epithelium,  are  termed  'epidermic  or  epithe- 
lial cells.'  They  are  developed  from  germs  fur- 
nished by  the  subjacent  membrane. 

Cell,  Epithelial,  Cell,  epidermic  —  c.  Fat, 
see  Fatty  vesicles — c.  Germ,  Cytoblast — c.  Ger- 
minal, see  Cytoblast — c  Nucleated,  see  Cyto- 
blast. 

Cell  Lrrs.  The  life  which  is  possessed  by 
the  separate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  and  by 
which  the  nutrition  of  the  tissues  is  presumed  to 
be  effected. 

Cell,  Mother,  see  Cell— c  Parent,  see  Cell. 

Cell,  Pigment.  Pigment  cells  are  mingled 
with  the  epidermic  cells,  and  are  most  manifest 
in  the  coloured  races.  They  are  best  seen  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  choroid  of  the  eye,  where 
they  form  the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

Cell,  Prdiabt,  see  Cell  —  c.  Primordial,  see 
Cell. 

CELL  WALL,  see  Cell. 

CELLA  TURCICA,  Bella  Turcica. 

CELLULA,  Cellule. 

CELLULJE,  see  Colon  —  e.  Medullares,  see 
Medullary  membrane  —  c.  Pulmonales,  Cellules 
bronchic,  see  Pulmo— c.  Bronchic®,  see  Cellule. 

CEL'LULAR,  CeUula'ri*,  Cellule' sue,  (F.)  CeU 
lulaire.  Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  from  cella 
or  cellula,  *  a  cell.' 

Cbl'lular  Mem'BRAKE,  Membra'na  cellulo'sa, 
M.  CeUula'ri*, — if.  adipo'sa,  Jf.  pinguedino'sa,  of 
some,  Pannic'ulu*  adipo'sue, — Membrane  formed 
of  cellular  tissue,  (F.)  Membrane  cellulaire.  Ge- 
nerally used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cel'lular  System.  The  whole  of  the  cellular 
tisane  of  the  human  body. 

Cellular  Tissue,  Tela  eellula'ris,  T.  cellu- 
lo'sa,  T.  Hippoc'rati*  cribro'sa,  Ethmyphi,  reticu- 
la' ted,  filamentous,  laminated,  crib' ri/orm,  por  out, 
areolar,  and  mucous  Tissue,  Reticular  or  cellular 
ntbstanee,  Contex'tu*  cellulo'tu*,  (F.)  Tinu  cellu- 
laire, riticuli,  lamineux,  cribleux,  poreux,  ario- 
laire,  muqueux,  Ac,  is  the  most  common  of  all 
the  organic  tissues.  It  contains  irregular  areola 
between  the  fibres,  as  well  as  serum,  fat,  and  the 
adipous  tissue.  Of  the  fibres,  some  are  of  the 
yellow  elastic  kind ;  but  the  greater  part  are  of 
the  white  fibrous  tissue,  and  they  frequently  pre- 
sent the  form  of  broad  flat  bands,  in  which  no 
distinct  fibrous  arrangement  is  perceptible.  See 
Fibrous. 

The  cellular  tissue  or  texture  unites  every  part 
of  the  body,  determines  its  shape,  and  by  its 
elasticity  and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid 
which  it  contains  in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  mo- 
tion of  parts  on  each  other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  by  anatomists 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue — textus  cellula' r  is  interme'dius  sen  laxus, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cellu- 
lar texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  organs 
— textus  eellula'ris  strictus,  and  that  whieh  pene- 
trates into  the  organs,  accompanying  and  enve- 
loping all  their  parts,  —  the  textus  eellula'ris  sti- 
va'tus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  organs. 
It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textua  organ' icus 
•eu  parenchyma' li: 

Cellular  Tissue  of  Boseb,  see  CancellL 

CEL'LULE,  Cel'lula,  diminutive  of  cello,  'a 
cavity/  A  small  cavity.  (F.)  Cellule.  Cellule* 
are  the  small  cavities  between  the  lamina  of  the 
cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  Ac 


Cellules  or  Cells,  Brohosio,  Csflula  U*W- 
chica  sen  Pulmona'Us,  Port  pulmo' num,  VcftV- 
uUb  pulmonale*.  The  air-celle  of  the  lungs.  See 
Pulmo. 

CELLULES  BR0NCH1QUES,  Bronchial 
cells. 

CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Wound. 

CEL'LULOSE,  same  etymon  as  Cellule*.  The 
substance  which  is  left  after  the  action  upon  any 
kind  of  vegetable  tissue  of  such  solvents  as  are 
fitted  to  dissolve  out  the  matter  deposited  in  its 
cavities  and  interstices.  It  has  been  affirmed, 
that  the  tunioated  or  ascidian  mollusca  have,  in 
their  integuments,  a  considerable  quantity  of  it. 

CELLULOSUS,  Cellular. 

CELOLOG"IA,  from  wjA*,  'rupture/  and  A#y<*, 
'a  discourse.'  The  doctrine  of  hernia.  A  treatise 
on  hernia. 

CELOSO'MUS,  from  «***>  'a  rupture,'  and 
ewpa,  '  body.'  A  monster  in  whieh  the  trunk  if 
malformed,  and  eventration  or  displacement  of 
the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTES,  see  Hernial 

CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from 
*i|Ai7,  'a  rupture/  and  rsuwtp,  'to  out/  An  ope- 
ration, formerly  employed  for  the  radical  cure  of 
inguinal  hernia;  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
passing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and  sper- 
matic vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned  atrophy 
and  loss  of  the  testiclo;  and  did  not  secure  the 
patient  against  the  return  of  the  disease.  The 
intestines  were,  of  course,  not  included  in  the 
ligature.  Also,  the  operation  for  hernia  in  gene- 
ral.— Herniotomy. 

CELOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  Herniofomus. 
A  knife  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  Adjeo- 
tively,  it  means  relating  to  celotomy,  like  Celo- 
tom'icu*. 

CELSA.  A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on  a  false  or  heterogeneous  spirit  or  vapour,  con- 
cealed under  the  integuments,  and  endeavouring 
to  escape.     Perhaps  the  disease  was  Urticaria. 

CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 

CELTIS  OCCIDENTA'LIS,  Sugarberryf 
Hackberry.  Order,  Ulmacess :  indigenous,  flower- 
ing in  May.  The  bark  is  said  to  be  anodyne  and 
cooling;  the  berries  are  sweet  and  astringent.  It 
has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

CEMBRO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CEMENT.  A  glutinous  substance  introduced 
into  a  carious  tooth  to  prevent  the  access  of  air 
or  other  extraneous  matters.  The  following  is 
an  example:  (R.  Sandarac.  £ty;  MasH'ch.  JJij 
Succin.  gr.  x.  uEther.  Zj ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid . 
of  heat )  Ostermaiers  Cement  for  the  teeth  is 
prepared  of  finely  powdered  caustic  lime,  thirteen 
parts ;  anhydrous  pho*phorio  acid,  twelve  parts. 
When  introduced  into  a  carious  tooth,  it  becomes 
solid  in  about  two  minutes. 

CEMENTERIUM,  Crucible. 

CEMENTUM,  see  Tooth. 

CENANGIA,  Ceneangia. 

CENCHRON,  Panicum  miliaceum. 

CENDRJS,  Cineritious. 

OENDRE  DU  LEVANT,  Soda. 

CENDRES  QRAViLltES,  see  Potash  —  c 
de  Sarment,  see  Potash. 

CENEANGPA,  Cenangi'a,  from  «w,  'empty, 
and  ayyttov,  *  a  vesseL'  Inanition.  Empty  state 
of  vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SIS,  from  kcvoc,  'empty/  and 
qi0<uv(*,  'I  enter/  Paracentesis.  Also,  the  act 
of  probing  a  wound  or  cavity;  Melo'sis. 

CENEONES,  Flanks. 

CENIGDAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIGOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIPLAM,   Cenigdam,   Cenigotam,  tfmfco. 


CENTPOTAM 


186 


CENTRUM 


Jam.  The  name  of  an  instrument  anciently  used 
for  opening  the  head  in  epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 

CENIPOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENO'SIS,  from  Ktvot,  'empty.'  Ine'sis, 
Inethmos.  Evacuation.  It  is  sometimes  em- 
ployed synonymously  with  inanition,  and  op- 
posed to  repletion, — ExinanW'io. 

CENOT'ICA,  from  kcvucis,  'evacuation.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges  or 
excess,  deficiency  or  irregularity  of  such  as  are 
natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of  Good; 
also,  Drastic 8. 

CENTAU'REA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula  behen, 
Behen  abiad,  Behen  album,  Been,  White  Behen. 
Ord.  Gentianess.     Astringent 

Centau'rea  Benbdic'ta,  Car'duus  bencdic'tus, 
Onicus  sylves'tris,  Cnicus  benedicftus,  Cardiobot'- 
anum,  £  leaned  or  Holy  Thistle,  (F.)  Chardon 
binit.  Fam.  Cynarocephalese.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  frustranca.  A  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  herb  is  emetic :  —  a  strong  infusion, 
diaphoretic  (?);  alight  infusion,  tonic  and  sto- 
machic.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  3J  of  the  powder. 

Ckntau'rea  Calcitra'pa,  Calcitra'pa,  Calca- 
trep'poln,  Car'duus  solstitia' lis,  Carduus  stella'tus, 
Ja'cea  ramosis'sima,  Cacotrib' ulus,  Calcitrap'pa 
Stella' ta  seu  hippoph<g«tum,  Stella' ta  rupi'na, 
Centau'rea  Stella' ta,  Common  Star- Thistle,  Star- 
Knapweed,  (F.)  Centaur ie  ttoitte,  Chardon  etoilt, 
Chamsetrappe,  Pignerole.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  properties,  and  has  been  given  in  inter- 
mittents,  dyspepsia,  Ac.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Centau'rea  Centau'rium,  Bhapon'ticum  vul- 
ga'ri,  Centaurium  magnum,  Oentaurium  majus, 
Greater  Cen'taury,  Centaurium  ojficina'le,  (F.) 
Centaurie  grande.  It  is  a  bitter;  and  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  tonic,  especially  the  root 

Centau'rea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anus,  Blue  bottle, 
Corn-jlower,  (F.)  Blavelle,  Blavtolc,  Blavirolle. 
The  flowers  were  once  much  used  as  a  cordial, 
tonic,  Ac.     They  are  now  forgotten. 

Centaurea  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CENTAUBJ2E  JSTOILJtE,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa— c.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Pe- 
tite, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAUREUM,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIS,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIUM  MAGNUM,  Centaurea  cen- 
taurium— c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centaurium 
—  c.  Officinale,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  e.  Par- 
Yum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
laria — o.  Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium— c  Les- 
ser, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTESIS,  Paracentesis,  Puncture. 

CENTIGBAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a  hun- 
dred,' and  ypapua,  'gramme/  Centigram'ma. 
The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A  centi- 
gramme is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of  a 
French  grain,  gr.  .1543,  Troy. 

CENTILITBE,  Centili'tra,  from  centum,  'a 
hundred,'  and  \troa,  'litre.'  An  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids :  —  the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre— equal  to  nearly  2.7053  fluidrachme. 

CENTIMltTBE,  Centim'eter  ;  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre  —  equal  to  about  four  lines. 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTIMORBIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

CENTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

CENTINODE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CENTINODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hymen. 

CENTRAD,  see  Central  aspect 

CENTRADIAPH'ANES,  Catarac'ta  centra' - 
Its,  from  xtrrpov,  'centre,'  a,  privative,  and  ha- 
favw,  'transparent'  Cataract  owing  to  obscurity 
•f  the  central  portion  of  the  crystalline. 


CENTRAL,  Centralis,  from  centrum,  'the 
centre.'    Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  centre. 

Central  Ar'tery  op  the  Ret'ina,  Arte'ria 
Centralis  Bet'ina,  Central  Artery  of  Zinn, 
This  artery  is  given  off  from  the  arteria  oph- 
thalmica,  and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve  a  little 
behind  the  ball  of  the  eye;  running  in  the 
axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into  many 
small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the  retina. 
When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the  eye,  the 
orifice  of  the  divided  artery  is  observable.  This 
was  formerly  called  Porus  Op'ticus. 

Central  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
centre  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Ccntrad  is  used 
by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  *V>- 
wards  the  central  aspect' 

CENTRE  OF  ACTION.  The  viscus  in  which 
the  whole  or  a  great  part  of  any  function  is  exe- 
cuted, and  to  which  several  other  organs  contri- 
bute. Thus,  the  vital  activity  seems  to  be  wholly 
centred  in  the  stomach,  during  chyin ifi cation ; 
in  the  duodenum,  during  chylification.  In  like 
manner,  the  uterus  becomes  a  centre  of  action 
during  gestation. 

Centre,  Epigas'tric.  The  ganglions  and  ner- 
vous plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympathetic 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  in  the  epigastrium, 
around  the  coeliac  artery ;  where  the  impressions 
received  from  various  parts  of  the  body  seem  to 
be  centred. 

Centre  of  Flux'ion.  The  part  towards  which 
fluids  are  particularly  attracted.  An  irritated 
organ  is  said  to  be  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Centres,  Nervous,  (F.)  Centres  ncrveux.  The 
organs,  whence  the  nerves  originate;  as  the  brain 
and  spinal  marrow. 

Centre,  Optic,  see  Optic  centre. 

Centre,  Oval,  Centrum  Ova'll,  C.  0.  FiewM^- 
nii,  Tegumen'tum  ventriculo'rum  cer'ebri.  When 
the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  sliced  away, 
till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  callosuui,  the  me- 
dullary part  in  each  is  of  an  oval  shape :  hence 
called  centrum  ovali  minus,  (F.)  centre  medullaire 
himisphlraU  The  two  centres  of  the  opposite 
sides,  together  with  the  corpus  callosum,  form 
the  centrum  ovale  of  Vieus'sens.  Yieussens  sup- 
posed all  the  medullary  fibres  to  issue  from  thai 
point,  and  that  it  was  the  great  dispensatory  of 
the  animal  spirits. 

Centre,  Phrenic,  Ten'dinous  Centre  of  the 
Di'aphragm,  Centrum  Phren'icum,  C.  Ner'veum 
or  C.  Tendino'sum  seu  tendin'eum,  (F.)  Centre 
phrinique  ou  C.  tendineux  du  Diaphragme.  The 
central  aponeurosis  or  cordiform  tendon  of  the 
diaphragm. 

Centre  op  Sympathetic  Irradia'tioks,  (F.) 
Centre  d' irradiations  sympathiques.  Any  organ 
which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of 
other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  it ;  and 
with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  immediate  com- 
munication.— Marjolin. 

Centre,  Tendinous,  of  the  Diaphragm, 
Centre,  phrenic 

CENTROMYRINE,  Ruscus. 

CENTRUM,  see  Vertebrae  —  c.  Commune,  So- 
lar plexus— c.  Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic — c  Op- 
ticum,  Optic  centre  —  c.  Ovale,  Centre,  oval  —  c. 
Ovale  minus,  see  Centre,  oval — c.  Ovale  of  Vieus- 
sens,  Centre,  oval  —  c.  Semicirculare  gcminum, 
Teenia  aemicircularis  —  c.  Tendinosum,  Centre, 
phrenic. 

Centrum  Yita'le",  Nodus  seu  Fons  vita' I  is, 
(F.)  Nceud  vital.  A  term  applied,  at  times,  to 
the  medulla  oblongata ;  at  others,  to  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  the  medulla  spinalis  as  far  as  the 
second  cervical  nerve  of  the  spinal  marrow,  in 
any  part  of  which  a  wound  would  seem  to  be  in- 


CBNTRT 


1ST 


CEPHAL0-PHABYNGU8US 


ttantly  lataL  It  is  the  nervous  centre  of  respi- 
ration  and  deglutition. 

CBNTRY,  Chironia  angularis. 

CENTUM  CAPITA,  Eryngium  campestre. 

CENTUMNODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CEPA  ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculentus, 
Eohalotte — c.  Victoriaiis,  Allium  victoriale —  c 
Vulgaris,  Allium  cepa. 

CEPJ3 A,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

CEPHAELIS  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacuanha. 

CEPHAL.fi' A,  Headachy  (F.)  CtphaUe,  from 
ct+aXri, '  head.'  Some  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  cephalalgia;  others,  for  a  periodical  head- 
ach ;  others,  again,  for  a  more  violent  headach 
than  cephalalgia  implies ;  and  others  for  a  chronic 
headach.    The  last  was  its  ancient  signification. 

Cephafa'a  spasmod'ica,  Cephalalgia  spasmod'- 
iea,  C.  Nausea' sa,  Sick-headach,  is  characterized 
by  partial,  spasmodic  pain;  often  shifting  from 
one  part  of  the  head  to  another:  chiefly  com- 
menciog  in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and  faint- 
ness.  It  is  extremely  apt  to  recur,  notwithstand- 
ing every  care. 

Cephaljea  Arthbitica,  Cephalagra — c.  He- 
rn i  crania,  Hemicrania — c.  Nauseosa,  C.  Spas- 
modic*—  c.  Pulsatilla,  Crotapbe. 

CEPHALHEMATOMA,  from  «0a>*,  'head,' 
and  'atfia,  'blood;'  Ccphal&mato'ma  neonate' rum, 
Ecchymo'ma  cap'itis,  E.  capitis  recent  nato'rum, 
Thrombus  neonaU/rum,  Absces'sus  cap'itis  san- 
guineus neonatorum,  Tumor  cap'itis  sanguineus 
nconato'mm,  Cephalophy'ma,  Craniohojmaton'cus. 
A  sanguineous  tumour,  sometimes  developed  be- 
tween the  pericranium  and  the  bones  of  the  head 
of  new-born  children.  Similar  tumours  are  met 
with  occasionally  above  other  bones,  and  at  all 
periods  of  existence. 

Cephalhematoma  Neonatorum;,  Cephalfema- 
toma. 

CEPHALJB'MIA,  Hyperemia  cerebri,  H. 
Cap'itisy  Encephaloha'mia,  (F.)  HyperSmie  on 
Congestion  du  cerveau,  Enctphalohimie,  H.  ciri- 
brale,  Congestion  ctrtbrale.  Accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

CEPHALAGO'GUS,  Cephaloduc'tor,  Capiti- 
duc'tor,  from  KupaXrj,  'head/  and  aywyos,  'a 
leader,  a  driver.'  An  instrument  used  for  draw- 
ing down  the  foetal  head. 

CEPH'ALAGRA,  from  nf 0X17,  'the  head/  and 
rnypa,  'seizure.'  Cephalm'a  arthritfica,  Menin- 
gi'tis  arthrit'ica.    Gout  in  the  head. 

CEPHALAGRA'PHIA,  from  ttjaXn,  'the 
head/  and  ysa^,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALALGIA,  Cephalopo'nia,  Cephalo- 
dyn'ia,  Encephalodyn'ia,  Homonopa'gia,  from 
mt^oKfit  'the  head/  and  aXyos,  'pauij'  Encepha- 
ial'gia,  Dolor  Cap'itis,  D.  cephal'icuw,  Soda,  Pain 
in  the  head;  Headach,  (F.)  Ce'phalalaie,  Mai  d 
tite.  Every  kind  of  headach,  whether  symp- 
tomatic or  idiopathic,  u  a  cephalalgia.  It  is 
ordinarily  symptomatic,  and  has  to  be  treated 
accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Contagiosa,  Influenza — c  In- 
llammatoria,  Phrenitis. 

Cephalalgia  Periodica,  Febris  intermittens 
cephal'ica  larva' to,  Intermittent  headach.  Head- 
ach which  returns  periodically;  properly,  per- 
haps, a  form  of  neuralgia. 

Cephalalgia  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe — e.  Spas- 
modic*, see  Cephalssa. 

CEPHALALOG"IA,  from  cc^oX,,  'the  head/ 
and  Aoyoj,  '  a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

C&PHALANTHE  &AMJSRIQUE,  Cepha- 
lanthus  occidentalis. 

CEPHALAN'THUS  OCCIDENTALS,  But- 
tonwood  shrub,  BuUonbush,  Whits  Sail,  Little 


Snowball,  Sxeampwood,  Pond  Logwood,  Qiohe* 
/lover,  (F.)  Ciphalanthe  cTAmtrique,  Bois  de 
Marais.  An  ornamental  shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  Itu- 
biacesB;  Sex.  Synt.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  which 
grows  all  over  the  United  States,  near  stream* 
and  ponds,  and  flowers  in  July  and  August. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic  tonic 

CEPHALARTICA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CEPHALATOM'IA,  Cephalotom'ia,  from 
Kt<pa\n,  'the  head/  and  rtpvuv,  'to  cut.'  Ana- 
tomy, or  dissection,  or  opening  of  the  head. 

CEPHALE,  Head. 

CEPHALIC,  Cephal'icus,  Capita' lie,  from 
KvpaXtj,  'the  head.'  (F.)  Ciphalique.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Ckphal'ic  Rem'bdies,  Cephal'ica  vel  Capita' - 
lia  remed'ia,  are  remedies  capable  of  relieving 
affections  of  the  head,  especially  headach:  — 
Cephalar'tica. 

Cephal'ic  Veik,  Vena  Cephal'ica,  Vena  Cap- 
itis, (F.)  Veine  cfvhalique,  Veine  radiale  cutanie 
of  Chaussicr.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radicles, 
which  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  called  the  Ceph- 
alic of  the  Thumb,  Cephal'ica  Pol' lids,  (F.)  Vein* 
cephalique  du  pouce.  It  ascends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  fore-arm,  where  it  forms 
the  superficial  radial.  At  the  fold  of  the  elbow 
it  receives  the  median  cephalic,  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  opens  into  the  axil- 
lary vein.  The  name  Cephalic  was  given  to  it  by 
the  ancients,  because  thoy  thought  it  bad  some 
connexion  with  the  head,  and  that  blood-letting 
ought  to  be  performed  on  it,  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Veine  ei- 
phalique,  and  the  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Artire  ctphalique. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput: 

CEPH  ALFNE.  The  base  or  root  of  the  tongue. 
— Gorraus. 

CEPHALIS,  see  Caput. 

CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEPHALIUM,  see  Caput. 

CEPHALODUCTOR,  Cephalagogus.  * 

CEPHALODYM'IA,  Encephalodym'ia  ;  from 
KtfpaXrf,  '  head/  and  &><#,  '  I  enter  into.'  A  class 
of  double  monstrosities,  in  which  the  heads  are 
united.  It  is  divided  into  two  genera,  Fronto- 
dym'ia  and  Bregmatodym'ia ;  in  the  former  the 
union  being  between  the  OBsa  frontis ;  in  the  lat- 
ter between  the  bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHAL(EDEMA,  Hydrocephalus. 

CEPHALOID,  Encephaloid. 

CEPHALOMA,  Encephaloid. 

CEPHALO-MENINGITIS,  Meningo-eepha- 
litis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  from  Kt<pa\n,  'the  head,' 
and  furpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  different  dimensions  of  the  foetal  head, 
during  the  process  of  accouchement  A  kind  of 
forceps. 

CEPHALON'OSUS,  from  KefaXn,  'the  head/ 
and  vooot,  '  disease.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  Febris  Hungar'ica,  in  which  the  head  was 
much  affected.  See  Fever,  Hungaric.  Others 
have  so  called  any  cerebral  disease  or  fever. 

CEPHALOPAGES,  Symphyooephalus. 

CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^'US,  from  cffaX* 
'  the  head/  and  fapvyZ,  '  the  pharynx :'  belonging 
to  the  head  and  pharynx.  Winslow  has  given 
this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
ryngis  superior,  which  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  basilary  process  of  the  os 
occipitis.     The  Ceph'alo-pharynge'al  Aponeun/. 


CEPHALOPHYMA 


188 


CEBATITIS 


&1 


sis  is  a  thin,  fibrous  membrane,  which  is  attached 
lo  the  basilar?  process,  and  gives  insertion  ft)  the 
fibres  of  the  conntri/itor  superior  pharyngit, 

CBPHALOPHYMA,  Cephalaematoma. 

CEPHALOPONIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,  Encephaloeo- 
matodym'ia ;  from  Kc<pa\n,  'head/  oupa,  'body/ 
and  &v(*,  *  I  enter  into.'  A  double  monstrosity, 
in  which  the  anion  is  between  the  heads  and  the 
trunks.  Of  this  there  are  varieties : — for  exam- 
do,  Infra-maxilloetermodym'ia,  where  the  union 
s  with  the  inferior  maxillary  bones  and  sterna; 
and  Protopoetemodym'ia,  between  the  faces  and 
sterna. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-epina'lie,  Ceph'- 
alo-rackidr tan, Cerebrospinal,  Craniospinal.  A 
hybrid  term,  from  Kt<pa\ij,  'head/  and  spina, 
'spine/    Belonging  to  the  head  and  spine. 

Ceph'alo-spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-rachid'ian 
fluid.  Cerebrospinal  fluid,  Flu'idum  cer'ebro- 
epina'le,  Subarachnoiaean  fluid,  is  an  exhaled 
fluid,  which  is  found  beneath  the  arachnoid, 
wherever  pia  mater  exists  in  connexion  with  the 
brain  and  spinal  cord.  It  seems  to  have  a  pro- 
tecting office,  and  to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of 
pressure  on  the  organ, — at  least  in  the  spinal 
canal. 

CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS,  from 
n6a\n,  '  head,'  0o>/>af,  '  the  chest,'  and  ertpuv,  '  to 
rol>.'    A  monster  without  head  or  ohest 

CEPHALOTOMIA,  Eccephalosis. 

OMPHALOTRIBE,  (F.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crushing 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero ;  from  KtfaXn,  *  the 
head,'  and  rpi/ta,  'I  bruise.'  It  consists  of  a 
strong  forceps,  the  blades  of  which  are  solid :  16 
lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles  are  per- 
forated at  their  extremity  to  receive  a  screw  with 
three  threads,  the  direction  of  which  is  very  ob- 
lique, so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of  rotation, 
and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  6  inches  long, 
to  increase  the  force  of  the  pressure.  The  bones 
,  cf  the  head  are  easily  crushed  by  it. 

CEPHALOTRIP'SY,  Cephalotrip'eie  ;  same 
etymon  as  Cephalotribe,  The  operation  of  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 

CEPHALOTRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

CEPHALOXIA,  Torticollis. 

CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 

CER,  Heart. 

CERA  FLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  Ceroe,  Yel- 
low and  White  Wax,  (F.)  Cire  Jaune  et  Blanche. 
An  animal  substance 'prepared  by  the  bee,  and 
by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon  and  Myri'ca 
cerifera.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and  smell  like 
that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by  bleaching. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient ;  is  sometimes  given 
in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  chiefly  used  in  cerates  and  ointments. 

CER^'^E,  from  neat,  'a  horn/  tupaiai.  The 
Cornua  of  the  uterus. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

CERAMICS,  Cerami'tis,  from  Ktpapos,  *  pot- 
ter's earth.'  A  sort  of  earth  used  as  a  cataplasm 
in  peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 

CERAMIUM,  Amphora  — c  Helminthoehor- 
tus,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

CERAMNIUM,  Amphora. 

CERAMURIA,  see  Urine. 

CERANTHEMUS,  Propolis. 

CER  AS,  Ktpaf,  'genitive/  Ktearet,  'horn,'  Cor- 
%u;  also,  the  Cornea.  Hence,  Ceratectomia, 
Ceratocele,  Ac 

CER  AS  ION,  see  Prunus  cerasus. 

CER  AS 'MA,  from  xcpavvvfu,  'to  mix:'  some- 
thing mixed.  A  mixture  of  hot  and  cold  water. 
Jfetacerae'ma. — Gorrous. 

CERASUM,  gee  Prunus  cerasus. 


CERASUS  ACID  A,  Prunus  cerasus  — c  Avi- 
um, Prunus  avinum,  P.  nigra— -e.  Dulcis,  Prunus 
nigra — c.  Hortensis,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Lauro- 
cerasus,  Prunus  laurocerasus — c.  Padus,  Prunus 
padus  —  o.  Racemosus  sylvestris,  Prunus  padus 
— c.  Rubra,  Prunus  cerasus— c.  Serotina,  Prunus 
Virginiana — c  Virginiana,  Prunus  Virginiana — 
o.  Vulgaris,  Prunus  cerasus. 

c£RAT  BLANC  ou  BE  0 ALIEN,  Ceratum 
Galeni — e.  de  Blanc  de  Baleine,  Ceratum  cetacei 
—  c.  de  Goulard,  Ceratum  plumbi — c  pour  lee 
Llvree,  Cerate  for  the  lips — e.  de  Plomb  compost, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum — e.  de  Savon,  Ce- 
ratum Saponis— c.  de  Suraeitate  de  plomb,  Cera- 
tum plumbi  superacetatis. 

CE'RATE,  Cera'tum,  from  mpat,  Lat.  cera, 
'wax/  Cereto'um,  Cero'ma,  Cero'nium,  Cero'tum, 
Ceratomalag'ma,  (F.)  Cirat.  A  composition  of 
wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other  ingredients. 

Cerate,  Simple  Cerate,  Cera'tum,  Cera'tum 
•implex.  (F.)  Cirat  Simple.  (  White  wax,  J^rr, 
Lard,  Jviij.)  I*  i*  applied  as  an  emollient  to 
excoriations,  Ac. 

Cerate,  Belleville's,  see  Unguentum  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Cerate  of  Cal' amine,  Cera'tum  Calami' n<B, 
C.  Calamin.  pmpar.,  C.  Oarbona'tie  ninci  t«- 
pu'ri,  C.  Zinci  Carbona'tU,  Cera'tum  lap'idis  Co* 
lamina' rU,  Cera'tum  epulot'icum,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate  of  Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  Healing  Salve, 
(F.)  Cirat  de  Pierre  Calaminaire,  C.  de  Calamine, 
Calamin.,  Cera  flavor,  fta  Jiij,  adipie,  Ibj.  Melt 
the  wax  and  lard  together,  and,  on  cooling,  add 
the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Cerate  of  Canthar'ides,  Cera'tum  Canthar*- 
idie,  Blieter  Ointment,  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies, 
Unguen'tum  ad  resicato'ria,  Unguen'tum  Pul'veris 
Mel'oes  veeicato'rii,  Ung.  epispas'ticum  for'tius, 
Cera'tum  Lytta,  (F.)  Cirat  de  Cantharides, 
(Spermaceti  cerate  £vj,  Cantharidee  in  powder, 
Zj.  The  cerate  being  softened  by  heat,  stir  in 
the  flies.)  This  cerate  of  the  European  Pharma- 
copoeias is  used  to  keep  blisters,  issues,  Ac,  open. 
See  Unguentum  Lytte.  For  the  Cerate  of  Spa- 
nish flics  of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  see  Em- 
plastrum  Lyttre. 

(  Cerate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  Plumbi  compo- 
situm. 

Cerate,  Kirklajid'b  Neutral.  (DiachyL 
j£vuj,  olive  oil  ^iv,  prepared  chalk  Jiv:  when 
nearly  cool,  add  Acet.  de*t.  Jiv,  plumb,  superacet. 
£iij.)    A  cooling  emollient. 

Cerate  or  Poxa'tum  for  the  Lips,  Cera'tum 
labia' li  rubrum,  Pom  ma' turn  ad  labia  demulcen'- 
da.~?h.  P.  (F.)  Cirat  ou  Pommade  pour  lee 
Uvres,  (Wax  9  parts;  oil  Id  parts;  —  coloured 
with  alkanet.) 

Cerate,  Leas,  Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi 
oompositum. 

Cerate,  Marshall's.  (Palm  oil  gvi  calomel 
3j>  **£<"*  °f  bad  £  ss,  ointment  of  nitrate  of  mer- 
cury gg.) 

Cerate,  Resin,  Compound,  Ceratum  Resins 
compositum  —  c  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinse  —  c 
Soap,  Ceratum  saponis — c  Spermaceti,  Ceratum 
oetacei  —  o.  of  Superaoetate  or  sugar  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  superacetatis — c.  Turner's,  Cerate 
of  calamine — o.  of  Carbonate  of  sine,  Cerate  of 
calamine. 

CERATECTOM'IA,  from  Ktoas,  'the  cornea,' 
and  cKTOftot,  '  cut  out.'  An  incision  through  the 
cornea.    See  Ceratotomia. 

CERATIA,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CERATI'ASIS,  from  *tpa<,  'horn.'  A  morbid 
condition  characterized  by  corneous  growths. 

CERATION,  Siliqua. 

CERATI'TIS,  Kerati'tie,  from  «pa*  'the  cor- 
nea,' and  itis,  *  inflammation.'    Inflammation  of 


CBBATIX7M 


189 


CERATUM 


the  cornea,  Gerati'tia,  CeratodeVtis,  Ceratomenin- 
gi'tis,  Cornei'tis,  Jnflamma'tio  cor'nea. 

CERATIUM,  Ceratonium  Biliqua. 

CER'ATO,  in  composition,  in  the  names  of 
muscles,  u  used  for  the  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides  j 
—as  Cerato-gloB8us. 

CERATOCE'LE,  Aquula,  Uva'tio,  Prominen'- 
tia  Oor'nca,  Hernia  Cor'nea,  Ceratodcoce'U,  from 
ttpas,  'horn/  and  m\n,  'tumour.'  A  protrusion 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  or  rather  of  the  mem- 
brane of  the  aqueous  humour  through  an  opening 
in  the  cornea. 

CERATODEITIS,  Ceratiti*. 

CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratocele. 

CERATODEONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

CERATODES  MEMBRANA,  Cornea. 

CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Keratoglos'sus,  from  «- 
pas,  '  horn/  and  yXtseva, '  the  tongue.'  A  muscle, 
extending  from  the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides 
to  the  base  of  the  tongue.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
hyoglossus. 

CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

CERATOLEUCOMA,  Leuooma. 

OERATO'MA,  Cerato'sis,  from  Ktpas,  'horn.' 
A  horny  growth,  or  horny  formation. 

CERATO-MALAGMA,  Cerate. 

CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea. 

CERATCNIA  SIL'IQUA.  The  Carol  Tree, 
Gsra'tium,  Gera'tia,  Sil'iqua  dulcis,  Caro'ba  AU 
nabati,  Stoeetpod,  (F.)  Caroubier  (Fruit,  Ga- 
rouge.)  This — the  fruit  of  the  Ceratonia  siliqua 
—  is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  decoction, 
where  mucilages  are  indicated. 

CERATONYX'IS,  Keratonyx'is,  Ceratodeo- 
nyx*is,  from  ttpas,  'the  cornea,'  and  wow,  (I 
puncture.'  An  operation  by  which  the  crystal- 
line is  depressed  by  means  of  a  needle  introduced 
into  the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some  divide 
the  crystalline  into  fragments  with  the  needle, 
and  leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  absorbents. 
The  operation  is  as  old  as  the  17th  century. 

CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US,  Ker>  ato-Pharyn- 
ge'us,  from  tupatt  '  horn/  and  QapvyH,  *  the  pha- 
rynx.' The  great  and  email  Cer'ato-pharynge'i 
are  small  fleshy  bundles,  forming  part  of  the 
Hyopharyngeus  of  Winslow. 

CERATOPLAS'TICE,  from  «fwj,  'the  cor- 
nea/ and  xXaffTitosy  'forming,  formative.'  The 
operation  for  the  formation  of  an  artificial  cornea. 
It  has  not  been  practised  on  man. 

CERATORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra  cor'nea,  from 
**ft*s,  'the  cornea,'  and  pnfo,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  cornea. 

CERAT08IS,  Ceratoma, 

CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  Ker>ato-etaphy- 
Wnus,  from  Ktpas, '  horn/  and  <rra<pv\ri,  *  the  uvu- 
la.' Some  fleshy  fibres  of  the  Thyro-Staphylinus 
of  Winslow. 

CERATOTOM'IA,  Geratectom'ia,  from  opus, 
'cornea/  and  rtuvtiv,  'to  cut'  Section  of  the 
transparent  cornea.  This  incision  is  used  in  the 
operation  for  cataract,  to  give  exit  to  pus  effused 
in  the  eye,  in  case  of  hypopyon,  Ac. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Keratot'omus,  Kerot'omus, 
from  Ktoast  'cornea,'  and  rtpvuv,  'to  cut'  A 
name  given  by  Weniel  to  his  knife  for  dividing 
the  transparent  cornea,  in  the  operation  for  cata- 
ract Many  modifications  of  the  instrument  have 
been  made  since  Weniel's  time.  See  Knife, 
cataract 

CERATUM,  Cerate— «.  Album,  Ceratum  ceta- 
eei, Ceratum  Galeni — o.  de  Althaea,  Unguentum 
de  Althaeft — c  Calamines,  Cerate  of  Calamine — 
e.  Cantharidia,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Emplas- 
fcrum  Lyttse  —  c  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum  plumbi 
tubcarbonatia. 

Oeba'tum  Ceta'oei,  Cera'tum  spermaceti,  Ce- 


ra'tun  album,  C.  Ceti,  Unguen'tum  adipoce'r* 
ceto'rum,  Linimen'tum  album,  Emplas'trum  Sperm'- 
atis  Geti,  Spermaceti  Cerate,  (F.)  Cfrat  de  blane 
de  baleine.  (Spermaceti  Jj,  white  wax  Jiy*  olive 
oil  fgvi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  good  emollient  to  ul- 
cers, Ac. 

Ceratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetAcel  —  c  Cicute, 
Ceratum  conii  —  c.  Citrinum,  Ceratum  resinas. 

Cera'tum  Coni'i,  Cera'tum  Cicu'ta.  (Una. 
conii  Ibj,  cetaeei  Jij,  cent  alba  3"j-)  A  formula 
in  Bartholomew's  Hospital :  occasionally  applied 
to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  Ac. 

Ceratum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

Cera'tum  Gale'ni,  Cera'tum  album,  C.  refrig"- 
crane  Gale'ni,  Unguen'tum  cera'tum,  U.  amygda- 
li'num,  U.  simplex,  Emplas'trum  ad  fontic'ulos, 
O'Uopcera'tum  aqud  subac'tum,  Cold  Cream,  (F.) 
drat  blanc  on  de  G  alien.  (  White  wax  4  parts; 
oil  of  surest  almond*  16  parts;  add,  when  melted, 
wafer  or  rote-water  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A  mild 
application  to  chaps,  Ac. 

Ceratum  Labiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips — c.  Lapidis  calaminaris,  Cojrate  of  calamine 
—  c.  Lithargyri  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum  —  c  Lytte,  Cerate  of  can- 
tharides— c.  Mercurial e,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
— c.  Picatum,  Pisseleum. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Cera'tum  Li- 
thar'gyri  Accta'ti  Compositum,  Qoulard'e  Oint- 
ment, Cera'tum  subaceta'ti  plumbi  medica'tum,  C. 
Plumbi  Subaceta'tis  (Ph. U.S.),  Cera'tum  Satur*- 
ni,  Compound  Lead  Cerate,  Goulard* •  Cerate,  (F.) 
Cirat  de  Goulard,  G.  de  Plomb  compost.  (Liq. 
plumb,  subacet.  %'usa;  cera  ftava,  £iv;  of.  oliv. 
*ix;  camphora,  Jss.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Ita  virtues  are 
the  same  as  the  next 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  Unguen'- 
tum Oerus'sa  Aceta'ta,  Cerate  of  Superacctate  or 
Sugar  of  Lead,  Cera'tum  Plumbi  Aceta'tis,  Un- 
guentum Acetatia  Plumbi,  (F.)  Cirat  de  suracitate 
de  Plomb.  (Acetate  of  lead,  3Jy  J  white  vox,  Jjj; 
olive  oil,  lb 88.)     Cooling  and  astringent 

Ceratum  Refrigerans  Galeni,  Ceratum  Ga- 
leni. 

Ceratum  Resi'vjs,  G.  Resi'na  fiava,  C.  cit'ri- 
num,  Unguen'tum  basil'icon  Jlavum,  Ung.  Beri'na 
JlavcB,  Una.  Reeino'eum,  Reein  Cerate  or  Oint- 
ment, Yeuofo  Basil'icon,  Ba«il'icon  Ointment. 
(Resin,  fiav.  £v;  Cera  fav.  gij;  Adipis,  5viy; 
Ph.  U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old  ul- 
cers, Ac.    Digestive. 

Dr.  Smellome's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  consist* 
of  finely  powdered  verdioris,  Jss,  rubbed  with 
oil,  and  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  of  ceratum 
retina. 

Ceratum  Resi'hje  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Resin  Cerate,  (Reein.,  Scvi,  Cera  /lava,  aa  ftj ; 
Terebinth.  Ibss ;  01.  Lini,  Oss.  Melt  together, 
strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till  cool.  Ph. U.S.) 

Ceratum  Sabi'nje,  Unguentum  Sabina,  Savine 
Cerate,  (F.)  Cirat  de  Sabine.  (Savine,  in  pow- 
der, gij;  Resin  Cerate,  lbj.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Irrita- 
tive, '  drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
cerate  of  cantharides. 

Ceratum  Sapo'kis,  Soap  Cerate,  (F.)  Cirat  de 
Savon.  (Liq\Plumb.  subacetat.,  Oij;  Sapon.  5VJ5 
Cera  alba,£x',  01.  oliva,  Oj.  Boil  the  solution 
of  subacetate  of  lead  with  the  soap  over  a  slow 
fire,  to  the  consistence  of  honey,  then  transfer  to 
a  water-bath,  and  evaporate  until  all  the  moisture 
is  dissipated;  lastly,  add  the  wax,  previously 
melted  with  the  oil,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
applied  in  cases  of  sprains  or  fractures. 

Ceratum  Saturni,  Ceratum  Plumbi  composi- 
tum— c.  Simplex,  Cerate  simple — c.  Spermaceti, 
Ceratum  cetaeei  —  c.  Subacetati  plumbi  medica» 
turn,  Ceratum  plumbi  compositum— o.  Tetraphat- 
macum,  Piaselaouin. 


OTRAUHION 


190 


CEREBRUM 


CuRATTJjf  Zihci  Carboitatis,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc.  (Zinci  carbonat.  praparat.  £y  ; 
Ung.  simpl.  Zx.  Ph.  U.  6.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  Ceratum  Calamines. 

CERAU'NION,  from  iccpavvos,  'thunder,'  'a 
thunderbolt'  Lapis  fulmin'eus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thunder; 
and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactio  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  Ac,  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvig  cornachini. 

CERCA'RIA.  A  genus  of  agastric,  infusory 
animalcules,  one  of  the  most  curious  of  which 
inhabits  the  tartar  of  the  teeth.  The  spermatozoa 
are  presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this  genus. 

CERCHNASMUS,  Cerchnus. 

CERCHNOMA,  Cerchnus. 

CERCHNUS,  Cerchnas'mus,  Cerchnum,  Cerch- 
no'tna,  from  Kttxva*,  '  I  render  hoarse.'  A  rough 
voice  produced  by  hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CER'CIS,  tcpicis.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  reducing 
substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius  or  small 
bone  of  the  arm.    See  Pilum,  and  Radius. 

C ER  CLE,  Circulus— c.  de  la  ChorMe,  Ciliary 
ligament — c.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament 

CERCO'SIS,  from  cocao;,  'a  tail.'  Men' tula 
mulie'bris,  the  Clit'oris.  some  authors  have  em- 
ployed the  word  synonymously  with  nymphoma- 
nia and  elongation  of  the  clitoris;  and  with  Poly- 
pus Uteri,  the  Sarco'ma  Cerco'sis  of  Sau rages. 

Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism  —  c  Externa, 
Clitorism. 

CEREA,  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LIA,  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn.' 
(F.)  Ctrfales  (Plantes.)  The  cerealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man : — as  wheat,  barley,  rye,  Ac. 
At  times,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some  of  the 
leguminous  plants. 

CEREBARIA,  Carebaria. 

CEREBEL'LA  URI'NA.  Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  of  the  colour  of  the  brain  or  cerebel- 
lum, from  which  Paracelsus  thought  he  could 
distinguish  diseases  of  that  organ. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed  from  cere- 
bellum, and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Paren- 
cephali'tis,  Infiamma'tio  cerebel'li.  Inflammation 
of  the  cerebellum:  a  variety  of  phrenitis  or  ence- 
phalitis. 

CEREBEL'LOUS,  Cerebello'sus,  from  cerebel- 
lum, 'the  little  brain.'  (F.)  Ciribelleux.  Chaus- 
sier  has  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
cerebellum.  These  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  which  are  inferior:  the  larger,  inferior  cere- 
belli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral  or 
vertebral;  and  the  smaller,  whose  existence  is 
not  constant,  from  the  meso-cephalic  or  basilary: 
—the  third,  called  A.  cfribelleuse  supe'rieure  (su- 
perior cerebelli,)  is  also  a  branch  of  the  basilary, 

Cerebel'lous  Ap'oplext,  Apoplex'ia  cere- 
bello'sa :  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CEREBEL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum;  C. 
parvum,Appen'dix  ad  cer' 'ebrum,Cer' ebrum  poste' '- 
rim,  Enera'nion,  Encra'nis,  Epencra'nis,  Paren- 
ceph'alis,  Parenceph1 'alus,  Encrphal'  ium,  EncepW- 
fflts  opis'thius,  Micrencepha' Hum,  Micrenceph'a- 
luin,  Little  brain,  (F.)  CerveleU  A  portion  of  the 
medullary  mass,  contained  in  the  eavity  of  the 
cranium.  It  fills  the  lower  occipital  fossae  below 
the  tentorium,  and  embraces  the  tuber  annulare 
and  medulla.  It  is  composed,  like  the  brain,  of 
vesicular  and  tubular  substance,  arranged  in 
laminae,  as  it  were ;  so  that,  when  a  section  is 
made  of  it  it  has  an  arborescent  appearance, 
sailed  Arbor  vita.  The  cerebellum  is  divided 
fnto  two  lobes  or  hemispheres  or  lateral  masses, 
and  each  lobe  is  again  subdivided  into  Montic'uli 


or  Lobules.  In  the  cerebellum  are  to  be  observed 
the  crura  cerebelli,  the  fourth  ventricle,  the  vol- 
vula  magna  cerebri,  the  processus  vermiculares, 
superior  and  inferior,  Ac. 

CER'EBRAL,  Cerebra'lis,  (F.)  Cfrtbral,  from 
cerebrum,  'the  brain.'  Belonging  to  the  brain: 
similar  to  brain. 

Cerebral  Apophysis,  Pineal  gland. 

Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side : 
—  the  anterior  or  artery  of  the  corpus  callosum, 
and  the  middle,  arte'ria  Sylvia' na,  are  furnished 
by  the  internal  carotid :  —  the  posterior  or  poste- 
rior and  inferior  artery  of  the  brain,  A,  profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  these  arteries  lobaires,  because  they  corre- 
spond, with  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior 
lobes,  whilst  he  calls  the  trunks,  whence  they 
originate,  cerebral. 

Cerebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise  with- 
in the  cranium,  all  of  which,  perhaps,  with  the 
exception  of  the  olfactory,  originate  from  the 
medulla  oblongata.    See  Nerves. 

In  Pathology,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
which  specially  occupies  the  brain.  Fiivre  cirt- 
brale,  Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in  which  the 
head  is  much  affected. 

CEREBRIFORM  Encephaloid. 

CEREBROPATHY,  see  Nervous  diathesis. 

CEREBRO-MALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal.  A  cere- 
brospinal or  cerebro-spinant  is  a  neurotic,  whioh 
exercises  a  special  influence  over  one  or  mora 
functions  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  their 
respective  nerves. — Pereira. 

Cerebrospinal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CEREBRO-SPINANT,  Cerebrospinal. 

CER'EBRUM  or  CERE'BRUM.  The  brain. 
(F.)  Cerveau,  Cervclle.  This  term  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  whole  of  the  contents  of  the  cra- 
nium :  at  others,  to  the  upper  portion ; — the  pos- 
terior and  inferior  being  called  cerebellum.  The 
brain,  properly  so  called,  extends  from  the  oa 
frontis  to  the  superior  occipital  fossae.  Anterior- 
ly, it  rests  on  the  orbitar  vaults :  behind  this,  on 
the  middle  fossae  of  the  base  of  the  cranium; 
and,  posteriorly,  on  the  tentorium  cerebtllo  super- 
extensum.  The  upper  surface  is  divided  by  a 
deep  median  cleft  (Scissure  interlobaire, —  Ch.) 
into  two  halves,  called  hemispheres,  which  are 
united  at  the  base  by  the  corpus  callosum.  At 
its  surface  are  numerous  convolutions.  The  infe- 
rior surface  exhibits,  from  before  to  behind,  three 
lobes,  distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and 
posterior.  The  middle  is  separated  from  the  an- 
terior by  the  fissure  of  Sylvius  ;  and  from  the 
posterior,  by  a  shallow  furrow  which  corresponds 
to  the  upper  portion  of  the  pars  petrosa.  Inter- 
nally, the  brain  has,  on  the  median  line,  the  cor- 
pus callosum,  septum  lucidum,  fornix,  pineal 
gland,  and  third  ventricle: — and  laterally,  the  late- 
ral ventricles,  in  which  are  the  corpora  striata, 
optic  thalami,  Ac  It  is  contained  in  a  triple 
envelope,  (see  Meninges.)  Its  texture  is  pulpy, 
and  varies  according  to  age.  Two  substances  may 
be  distinguished  in  it—the  white,  medullary ,  tubular 
or  fibrous  —  medull'a  cer'ebri,  and  the  cortical, 
cineritious,  vesicular,  or  gray.  The  former  is 
white ;  and  occupies  all  the  interior  and  base  of 
the  brain.  The  latter  is  grayish  and  softer.  It 
is  situate  particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels,  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral.  Its 
veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  It  is  the  material 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifestations. 
According  to  Gall,  each  part  is  the  special  seat 
of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and  cere- 
bellum, inclusive,  are  called  by  him  'the  nervom 
system  of  the  mental  faculties.'    See  Craniology. 


GB&EFOLIUM 


191 


CERVISPINA 


The  substance  of  the  nervous  system — Murine 
has  been  analyzed  by  Vauquelin,  and  fonnd  to 
contain  water,  80.00  ;  white  fatty  matter,  4.53 ; 
red  fatty  matter,  called  cerebrine,  0.70;  osma- 
some,  1.12;  albumen,  7.00;  phosphorus,  1.50; 
sulphur,  acid  phosphates  of  potassa,  lime,  and 
magnesia,  5.15. 

Cerebrum  Abdomikale,  Solar  plexus — e.  Elon- 
gatum,  Medulla  oblongata — e.  Parvum,  Cerebel- 
lum— c.  Posterius,  Cerebellum. 

CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  eerefolium— c.  His- 
panicum,  Chaerophyllum  odoratum — c.  Sylvestre, 
ChsDrophyllum  sylvestre. 

CEREL^UM,  Cerate. 

CEREOLUS,  Bougie. 

CERERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CEREUM  MEDICATUM,  Bougie. 

CERE  US,  Bougie.      . 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi  CererWia,  Cervia'ia,  Oe'- 
Ua,  Zythua,  Zythum,  Liquor  Cer'eria,  Vinum  hor- 
dea'ceum,  Bira,  Bryton,  fipvrov,  Barley  wine,  from 
Ceres,  'corn;'  whence  it  is  made.  Ale  (Alia,) 
Beer,  Porter,  (F.)  Bi&re,  Cervoiee.  These  fluids 
are  drunk  by  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries 
habitually,  and  in  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
more  than  in  others.  They  are  nourishing,  but 
not  very  easy  of  digestion.  The  old  dispensato- 
ries contain  numerous  medicated  ales,  which  are 
no  longer  in  use. 

Cerevisia  Nigra,  see  Falltranck. 

CERFEUIL,  Scandix  eerefolium — c.  Muaqui, 
Cherophyllum  odoratum — c.  Sauvage,  Chasro- 
phyllum  sylvestre. 

CEjRION,  Favus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

CERISIER,  Prunus  cerasns— -c.  d  Grappee, 
Prunns  padus — c.  de  Virginie,  Prunus  Virgimana. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.  St.  C.  is  a 
parish  in  the  diocess  of  St  Flour,  Upper  Au- 
xergne,  France.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate.  It 
is  called  Eau  du  Oambon. 

CERNOS,  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  Cerou'ne,  or  OirouS'ne,  Ceroi'num, 
from  Ktjpa,  'wax,'  and  oivos,  'wine.'  A  plaster 
composed  of  yellow  wax,  mutton  suet,  pitch,  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  bole  Armeniac,  thus  and  wine.  It 
was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster.  Sometimes 
it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 

CEROMA,  Cerate. 

CEROMANTI'A,  from  icnpos,  'wax,' and  uav- 
rcia,  *  divination/  The  art  of  foretelling  the  fu- 
ture, from  the  figures  which  melted  wax  assumes, 
when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface  of  water. 

CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  Ktipos,  'wax/  and  xtvva, 
'  pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of  pitch 
and  wax. 

CEROS,  Cera. 

CEROSTROSIS,  Hystriciasis. 

CEROTUM,  Cerate. 

CEROXYLON,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

CERUA,  Ricinis  communis. 

CERU'MEN,  from  cera,  'wax.'  Ceru'men 
Au'rium,  Ce'rea,  Aurintn  Sordes,  Sordic'ula  au'- 
rium,  Marmora' ta  Au'rium,  Cypaeli,  Ceru'minoua 
Humour,  Ear-wax,  Cyp'selis,  Fu'gile,  (F.)  Cire 
des  OreiUea.  A  name  given  to  the  unctuous  hu- 
mour, similar  to  wax  in  its  physical  properties, 
which  is  mot  with  in  the  meatus  auditoriua  exter- 
nus.  It  is  secreted  by  glands,  situate  beneath 
the  skin  lining  the  meatus.  It  lubricates  the 
meatus,  preserves  the  suppleness  of  the  lining 
membrane,  prevents  the  introduction  of  bodies 
floating  in  the  atmosphere,  and  by  its  bitterness 
and  nnotuousneas  prevents  inseots  from  pene- 
trating. 

CERU'MINOTJS,  Cervmino'aua,  (F.)  CSrumi- 
%eux.    Relating  to  cerumen. 

Cbruminous  G  lauds,  Ceru'minous  Follicles, 
(F.)  Glands  drumineuses  ou  Follicules  cerumi- 


Gland*  or  follicles  which  secrete  the 
cerumen. 

CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas— 
a  Alba  Hispanic*,  Plumbi  subcarbonas— c  Alba 
Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Psymmithron, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — c  Serpentaria,  see  Arum 
maculatum. 

CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A  term  used  by  Para- 
oelsus  for  the  urine,  when  o£a  colour  like  ceruses. 

CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 

CERVEAU,  Cerebrum. 

CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 

CERVELLE,  Cerebrum. 

CERVI  ELAPHI  CORNU,  Cornu  cerva,  see 
Cervus. 

CfR'VICAL,  Cervica'lis,  from  cervix,  'the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Trache'lian.  Every  thing 
which  concerns  the  neck,  especially  the  back  part. 

Cervical  Ar'tbries  are  three  in  number :  1. 
The  ascending,  anterior,  or  superficial,  a  branch 
of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to  the  scaleni 
muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The  transverse 
(Cervico-scapulaire —  Ch.,)  a  branch  of  the  axil- 
lary artery,  or  of  the  subclavian :  distributed  to 
the  levator  scapula,  trapezius,  Ac.  3.  The  pos- 
terior or  profound,  A.  transversa' lis  colli,  Tra~ 
chilo-cervicale — (Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subclavian, 
distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck.  See,  also, 
Prinoeps  Cervicis  (arteria.) 

Cervical  Gax'glionb.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  glands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called.     See  Trisplanohnio  nerve. 

Cervical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2.  The 
posterior  or  supraspinous,  Ligamen'tunt  Nu'cha, 
which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital  protube- 
rance to  the  spinous  process  of  the  seventh  cer- 
vical vertebra.  In  animals  with  large  heads  it  is 
very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number  on 
each  side,  and  form  the  eight  cervical  pairs,  which 
are  the  first  given  off  from  the  spinal  marrow. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trachtto-souacutani 
(Ch.)  The  nervous  net-work  formed  by  the  an- 
terior branches  of  the  first  three  cervical  nerves, 
above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle,  and  at  the 
outer  side  of  the  pneumogastrio  nerve,  carotid 
artery,  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Region,  Anterior,  Deep,  Pr*.ver'- 
tebral  region.  The  region  of  the  neck,  occupied 
by  three  pairs  of  muscles  placed  immediately  in 
front  of  the  cervical  and  three  superior  dorsal 
vertebra  : — vis.  the  rectus  capitis  anticus  major, 
the  rectos  capitis  anticus  minor,  and  longus  colli; 
— hence  termed  prevertebral  muaclca. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebrje.  The  first  seven  verte- 
brae of  the  spine. 

CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hyp* 
glossus  and  Sacro-lumbalis. 

CERVICARIA,  Campanula  trachelium. 

CERVICI-DORSO- SCAPULAIRE,  Rhom 
boideus — c.  Dorso-costal,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior—  c.  Dorso-mastdldien  et  dorso-trachSlien, 
Splenios — c.  Mastoidien,  Splenitis. 

CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervi' co-facia' Us.  Be- 
longing to  the  neck  and  face. 

Cervico-facial Nerve,  Nervus  cervico-faeia< 
lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  neck  and  face. 

CERVISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CERVISPINA,  Rhamnus. 


CERVIX 


193 


CHA1LSDRYS 


CBRYIX,  Colluvu    The  neck.    A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis — c  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

CER  VOISE,  Cerevisia. 

CERVUS,  Cerva.  The  horn  of  the  Cervue  EV- 
aphus,  called  Cornu,  Cervi  El'aphi  Cornu,  Cornu 
Uervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf,  con- 
tains 27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A  jelly  made 
from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and  nutritive. 

The  Stag'*  Pinlef  Pria'pue  Cervi,  was  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  J)j  to  £j> m 
powder. 

Cervus  Alces.  The  Elk,  (F.)  Elan.  The 
hoof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  used  as  an  anti- 
epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted,  was  sub- 
ject to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always  cured  them 
by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear.  The  hooj  was 
also  worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Ustum,  Burnt  Hartshorn,  has  been  used 
as  an  antacid,  but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of  phos- 
phate, and  only  one  of  carbonate  of  lime.  It  is, 
therefore,  not  of  much  use. 

ctiSARIENNE  OPERATION,  Cesarean 
section. 

CESSATIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhea, 

CESTRI'TES.  A  wine  prepared  from  betony, 
(«orpov,  'betony.') 

CESTRON,  Betonica  officinalis. 

CETA'CEUM,  from  icnrot,  <a  whale.'  Album 
Ceti,  Adipoce'ra  ceto'sa,  Steari'num  ceta'ceum, 
Spermacet'i,  (F.)  Blanc  de  Baleine,  C6Hne,  Adi- 
pocire  de  Baleine.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  white, 
crystallized,  friable,  unctuous  substance,  obtained 
from  the  brain  of  the  Physe'ter  Macroceph'alue 
or  Spermaceti  Whale,  and  other  varieties  of 
whale.  8.  g.  .9433 :  melts  at  112°.  It  is  de- 
mulcent and  emollient,  and  has  been  given  in 
coughs  and  dysentery,  but  is  mostly  used  in  oint- 
ments, Dose,  gss  to  giss,  rubbed  up  with  sugar 
or  egg. 

CETERACH  OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium 
oeterach. 

CETINE,  Cetaceum. 

CETRARIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIN,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIUM,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CEVADILLA  HISPANORUM,  Veratrum  sa- 
badilla. 

C/tVADILLE,  Veratrum  sabadilla, 

CHAA,  Thea. 

CH/EREFOLIUM,  Scandix  cerefolium. 

CH^ROPHYL'LUM,  from  x<np«,  '  I  rejoice/ 
uid  ^uXXov,  '  a  leaf/    Scandix  cerefolium. 

ChjErophtlluh  Cerefolium,  Scandix  cerefo- 
lium—  c.  Angulatum,  Ch.sylvestre. 

Ch^ROPHYl'lum  Odora'tum,  Scandix  0do- 
ra'ta,Myrrhis  Odora'ta  seu  Major,  Cicuta'ria  odo- 
ra'ta, Cere/o'lium  Hispan'icum,  Sweet  Cic"ely, 
(F.)  Cer/euil  musqute  ou  oVEspagne,  has  the 
smell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cultivated  on  account  of 
its  aromatic  properties. 

Ch.erophyl'lum  Motfoanruii,  Ch.  sylvestre — 
c.  Sativum,  Scandix. 

Cu>erophyl'lum  Sylves'trb",  Cicuta'ria,  Cha- 
rophyl'lum  tern' alum  seu  monog'ynum  seu  angu- 
la'tum  seu  verticella'tum,  Anthrie'cus  hu'mili*  seu 
proc"eru*t  Cere/o'lium  Sylvee'tri,  Bastard  Hem- 
lock, Wild  Chervil  or  Cow-veed,  (F.)  Cerfeuil 
•auvage,  Persil  oVAne,  is  a  slightly  fetid  aromatic, 
but  is  not  used. 

Chjerophtllttk  Tbitoluv,  Chserophyllum  syl- 
veetre — c  Verticillatum,  CK  sylvestre. 

CRETE,  Capillus. 

CHAFING,  Erythema  Intertrigo,  Intertrigo, 
Paratrim'ma,  Paratrip'sie,  Biatrim'ma,  Attri'ta, 
Attrit"io,  from  ichauffer,  *  to  heat'  Fret.  Ero- 
sions of  the  skin ;  Attriftue,  (F.)  Echauffemens, 
focrehurc*.    The  red  excoriations  which  oocur 


in  consequence  of  the  friction  of  parts,  or  between 
the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially  in  fat  or  neglected 
children.  Washing  with  cold  water  and  dusting 
with  hair-powder  is  the  best  preventive.  When 
occurring  between  the  nates  and  in  the  region  of 
the  perinsBum,  from  long  walking, — Intertri'go 
pod'icie,  Proctalgia  intertrigino'sa,  —  it  is  vul- 
garly designated  by  the  French  Entre/enon. 

CHAIR,  Flesh. 

CHAIR,  OBSTETRIC,  Labour  chair. 

CHAISE  PERC&E,  Lasanum. 

CHALASIS,  Relaxation. 

CHALASMUS,  Relaxation. 

CHALAS'TICUS,  from  x«Aa«,  'I  relax.'  A 
medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of  the 
fibres. — Galen.    An  emollient  or  relaxant 

CHAL'AZA,  Chalazion,  Chalazinm,  Chalaxo'- 
si»,  Poro'eie,  Grando,  Tophus,  Hail,  (F.)  Grile, 
Gravelle.  A  hard,  round,  transparent  tumour, 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  more 
especially  in  the  substance  of  the  eyelids.— 
Also,  the  Cicatricula  of  the  egg.  Generally,  how- 
ever, in  the  language  of  ovologists,  the  chalaus 
or  poles  are,  in  the  egg  of  the  bird,  the  more 
dense  internal  layer  of  the  albumen,  which  ad- 
heres to  the  yolk,  and  is  continued,  in  the  form 
of  two  spirally  twisted  bands,  towards  the  extre- 
mities of  the  egg.  The  twisting  is  considered  to 
be  produced  by  the  revolving  motion  of  the  egg 
in  its  descent  through  the  oviduct 

Chalazas,  see  Chalaza. 

CHALCANTHUA*,  Ferri  sulphas  —  o.  Album 
Zinci  sulphas.* 

CHALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

CHALCITAS,  Bismuth. 

CHALCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM,  (os),  Cuneiform  bene. 

CHALCOS,  Cuprum,  JSreolum. 

CHALCUS,  ^reolum. 

CHALEUR,  Heat — e.  Acre,  see  Acrid — &  AnU 
male,  Animal  heat,  see  Heat — c.  dee  Animaux, 
see  Heat 

CHALEURS  DU  FOIB,  Heat 

CHALINI,  see  Lip. 

CHAL'INOPLASTY,  Chatinoplat'ticS  ;  from 
XaAnw,  'fraenum,'  'a  bridle,'  and  vAavra,  'I 
form.'    The  operation  for  forming  a  new  fraenum. 

CHALK,  Creta— o.  Red,  Rubrica  febrilis — c 
Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

CHALYB'EATE,  Chalybeaftu»,  Ferrugin'eu*, 
Fcrrugino'sus,  Ferra'tue,  Martia'lit,  Ferru'gi- 
none,  Mar9 Hal,  (F.)  Ferrugineux  ;  from  chalybe, 
*  iron  or  steel.'  Of,  or  belonging  to  iron ;  contain- 
ing iron.  Any  medicine  into  which  iron  enters, 
as  chalybeate  mixture,  pills,  waters,  Ac  See  Wa- 
ters, Mineral. 

CHALYBIS  RUBIGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CHALYBS,  from  Chalybee  ;  a  people  of  Pon- 
tuB,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth ;  A' dee,  Steel. 
The  Proto-carburet  of  iron,  (F.)  Acier.  As  a 
medicine,  steel  does  not  differ  from  iron. 

Chalybs  Tartarixatus,  Ferrum  taxtariiatum. 

CHAMA,  Cheme. 

CHAMJSACTE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

CHAMiEBATOS,  Fragaria. 

CHAMjECEDRIS.  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM^CISSUS,  Glechoma  hederaoea. 

CHAMJECLEMA,  Glechoma  hederaoea  —  c 
Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea, 

CHAMJSCYPARISSUS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM^DROPS,  Teucrium  chamssdrys. 

CHAMJBDRYf'TES.  A  wine,  in  which  the 
Teu'crium  Chamojdrys  has  been  infused. 

OH  AM  JSDRTS,  Rubus  chamasmorus,  Teucrium 
Ch.,  Veronica — c  Incana  maritima,  Teucrium 
marum — c.  Marum,  Teucrium  marum— c  Minor 
repens,  Teucrium  Ch.  —  o.  Palustris,  Teucrium 
soordium — c  Scordium,  Teucrium  scordium — o. 
Vulgaris,  Teucrium  Ch. 


CHAMJBGEIRON 


19$ 


CHARM 


CHAM<ffiGEIROtf,  Tussflago. 

CHAMiEL^EAGNUS,  Myrica  gale. 

CHAALELAI'TES.  A  wine  impregnated  with 
Gham&lea}  Daphne  Alpi'na. 

CHAMJELEA,  Oneorum  triooccum. 

CHAMELEON  ALBUM,  Carlina  acaulia. 

CHAM.ELEUCE,  Tussilago. 

CHA&UBLINUM,  Linum  catharticum. 

CHAM^LIR'IUM  LU'TEUM,  Vera'trum  tu'- 
tetim,  Helo'niua  hi' tea,  H.  Dioi'ca,  DemVt  Bit, 
Blazing  ttar  ;  indigenous ;  Order,  Melanthacese ; 
flowering  in  June ;  is  acrid.  An  infusion  of  the 
root  has  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic ;  a  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic. 

CHAMJ2MELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis  — o.  Foe- 
tidum,  Anthemis  cotula  —  e.  Nobile,  Anthemis 
nobilis — c.  Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobiliB — c.  Vul- 
gare,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CHAM^MORUS,  Teucrium  chamsepitys,  Ru- 
bos  chamsemorus — o.  Norwegica,  Rnbus  chamee- 


CHAMjEPEUCB,  Camphorosma  MonspeHaca. 

CHAMJEPITUI'NUM  VINUM.  A  wine,  in 
which  the  leaves  of  the  Chama'pitye,  Teu'crium 
Chama'pity*,  have  been  infused. 

CHAM^PITYS,  Teucrium  chamsepitys — c. 
Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva — e.  Moschata,  Teu- 
crium iva. 

CHAM£5PLI0N,  Erysimum. 

CHAM^ffiRAPH'ANUM,  from  X*Pa<>  '©*  *« 
ground/  and  paQavos,  'the  radish/  So  Paulus 
of  JSgina  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of  the 
Apium. 

CHAM^'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal- 
metto. A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians,  in  Flo- 
rida, as  diet. 

CHAM  BAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam'era,  (F.)  Chambre.  A  term 
used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which  there 
are  two  chambers,  Came'rai  oc'uli: —  an  ante- 
rior and  a  posterior  ;  (F.)  Chambre  antirieure  et 
poetirieure.  The  anterior  is  the  space  between 
the  cornea  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris : — the 
posterior,  the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior 
surface  of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  wilh 
the  aqueoas  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

CHAM'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS.  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  all  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnabar,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

CHAM  HUE,  Chamber. 

CHAMHRIE,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAMELEA,  Daphne  Alpina. 

CHAMOMILE,  DOGS',  Matricaria  chamomilla 

—  e.  Dyers',  Anthemis  tin  ct  on  a  —  c.  German, 
Matricaria  chamomilla  —  c.  Spanish,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum —  c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c 
Wild,  Anthemis  cotula,  Matricaria  glabrata. 

CHAMOMILLA  FCETIDA,  Anthemis  cotula 

—  o.  Nostras,  Matricaria  cb  am  o  mil  la — c.  Ro- 
mans*, Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Spuria,  Anthemis 
cotula. 

CHAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 
CHAMPIGNON,   Fungus— c.  de  VApoareil 
dea  Fracture*,  Clavaria — c.  de  Coitche,  see  Agaric 

—  c.  de  Malte,  Cynomorion  coccineum. 
CHANCEL AGUA,  Canchalagua. 
CHANCRE,   (F.)  Ulcnt  cancro'eum,  Ulcus*  cu- 

lum  cancro'eum.  A  soro,  which  arises  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus ;  hence  it 
is  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the  penis. 
The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in  popular 
language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  malignant 
aphthae  of  children,  Ac  Formerly,  the  tonne 
13 


Car'oli  and  Ca'riet  pudendo'rvm  were  used  for 
venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of  gene- 
ration. . 

CHANCRE  LARVE.  A  concealed  chancre, 
such  as  has  been  supposed  by  M.  Ricord  to  give 
occasion  to  gonorrhoea  virulent*. 

CHANCREUX,  Charter  euse,  (F.)  Cancro'sus, 
Carcino'de*.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Ronton  Chancre**.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip— Noli 
me  tangere. 

CHANT  DE3  ARTE  RES  Sijlement  moduli. 

CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa— c  Jndicn, 
Bangue. 

CHAOMANTI'A.  The  alchymists  meant,  by 
this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future  from 
observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos  was 
used  by  Paracelsus  for  the  air;  (fiavrua,  'divi- 
nation.') 

CHAOSDA,  Plague. 

CHAPERON  DEMOINE,  Aconitumnapellua, 

CHAPITEAU,  Alembic. 

CHAPPEDONADE,  Chappetonade. 

CHAPPETONADE,  Chappedonade,  (F.), 
Vom'itu*  rabio'sus.  Vomiting  accompanied  by 
furious  delirium,  attacking  strangers  in  hot 
countries. 

CHAR'ACTER,  x*p**rn9>  'A  mark  or  impres- 
sion/ (F.)  Caractlre.  In  Pathology  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance.  We 
say,  "A  disease  is  of  an  unfavourable  character," 
"The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious  charac- 
ter," Ac.  In  Mental  Philosophy  it  means— that 
which  distinguishes  one  individual  from  another, 
as  regards  his  understanding  and  passions.  See 
Symbol. 

CHARA'DRIUS.  .Elian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CItARANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CHAR  BON,  Anthrax  carbo. 

CHARBONNEUX,  Anthraeoid. 

CHARCOAL,  Carbo  —  c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani* 
malic. 

CHARDON  AUX  ANES,  Onopordium  acan- 
thium — c.  Binit,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  d  Bon- 
netier,  Dipsacus  fullonum  —  c.  EtoilS,  Centaurea 
oalcitrapa — c.  d  Foulon,  Dipsacus  fullonum — c. 
Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense — c.  Marie,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — e.  Roland.  Eryngium  campestre. 

CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlare,  '  to  talk 
much ;'  Circula'tor,  Circumfora'neue,  Periodcu'tcs, 
Pseudomed'icus,  Agyr'ta,  Anacyc'leon,  A  Quack, 
an  Empirical  Pretender,  an  Empiric.  Origi- 
nally, one  who  went  from  place  to  place  to  sell 
a  medicine,  to  which  he  attributed  marvellous 
properties.  By  extension — any  individual,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing  him- 
self off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is.  Ac- 
cording to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from  circu- 
latanus,  a  corruption  of  circulator. 

CHAR'LATANRY,  Agyr'tia,  Banau'eia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charla- 
tanerie,  Charhtanismc,  Quackery,  Empiricism. 

CHARLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CHARM,  Lat  Carmen,  'a  verse,'  because 
charms  often  consisted  of  verses,  whence  comes 
the  Italian,  Ciarma,  (F.)  Charme,  with  the  same 
signification.  Canta'tio,  Incantamen'tum.  A  trick, 
a  spell,  an  enchantment.  A  sort  of  magic,  or  super- 
stitious practice,  consisting  of  words,  characters, 
Ac,  by  which  it  was  believed,  that  individuals 
might  be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  bo 
restored  to  health. 

The  following  are  specimens  of  old  charms— 
verse  charms : 


CBARNI&RE  194 


CHBEEUE 


Ar  stanching  Blood,  (Pepys.) 

Bangui*  mane  in  te 

Bicut  Chrisius  fuit  in  se ; 

Sanguis  mnne  in  tua  veni 

Bicut  Christus  in  sua  poeiii; 

Sanguis  mane  flxus, 

Sicut  Chrisius  quando  fuit  crucifixas. 

For  Cramp,  (Pepya.) 
Cramp  be  thou  faint  less. 
As  our  lady  was  sinless, 
When  she  bare  Jesus. 

For  the  Foot  when  asleep,  (Coleridge.) 

Foot !  foot  1  foot !  is  fast  asleep ! 

Thumb!  thumb!  thumb!  in  spittle  we  steep; 

Crosses  three  we  make  to  ease  us. 

Two  for  the  thieves,  and  one  for  Christ  Jesus. 

The  same  charm  served  for  cramp  in  the  leg, 
with  thia  substitution : 

The  devil  is  tying  a  knot  in  my  leg ! 
Mark,  Luke,  and  John,  unloose  it,  I  beg  !— 
Crosses  three,  sec. 

For  a  Burn,  (Pepya.) 
There  came  three  angels  out  of  the  East ; 
The  one  brought  fire,  the  other  brought  frost. 
Out  fire;  in  frost. 

In  the  name  of  the  Father  and  Son  and  Holy  Ghost. 

Amen. 

CHARNI&RE,  Ginglymus. 

CHARNU,  Carneous. 

CHARPIE,  Linteum  —  c  Brute,  Bee  Linteum 
— •  c.  RapSe,  see  Linteum. 

CHARTA  ANTIARTHRITICA,  Gout  paper 
— c,  Antirheumatica,  Gout  paper — o.  Vesicatoria, 
aee  Sparadraptfm  Vesicatorium —  o.  Virginea, 
Amnios. 

CHARTRE,  Tabes  mesenteries. 

CM  AS,  (F.)  Acue  fora'men.  The  eye  of  a 
needle.  Sometimes,  thia  opening  is  near  the 
point  of  the  instrument,  aa  in  the  ligature  needle. 

CHASCHISCH,  see  Bangue. 

CHASME,  Yawning. 

CHASPB,  Variola. 

CHASSE  (F.),  Manubrium.  A  kind  of  handle 
oompoaed  of  two  movable  laminae  of  horn,  shell, 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
holds  the  blade  of  the  instrument, — as  in  the 
common  blooding  lancet. 

CRASS  IE  (F.),  Lcma,  Lippa,  Olama,  Olemi, 
Qra'mia,  Lemoe'itas  ;  the  gum  of  the  eye.  A  se- 
baceous humour,  secreted  mainly  by  the  follicles 
of  Meibomiua,  which  sometimes  gluea  the  eyelids 
together. 

CHASSIEUX  (F.)  Lippus;  covered  with 
Chaeeie — as  Paupi&ree  ehaeeieueee. 

CHASTE  TREE,  Vitex. 

CHATAIQNE,  aee  Fagns  castanea— c.  cTEau, 
Trapa  natans. 

CHATAIONIER  COMMVN,  Fagus  cutanea 
— c  Nain,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CHATEAU  -LANDON,  WATERS  OF.  A 
town  throe  leagues  from  Nemours,  in  France. 
The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATEAU-SALINS,  WATERS  OF;  a  town 
in  the  department  of  La-Meurthe,  Franoe.  The 
waters  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium 
and  sodium. 

•  CHATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ohateldon  is  in  the  department  of  Poy-de-Ddme, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid  and  iron. 

CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  in  France,  in  the  department  Puy-de- 
Dome,  near  which  there  are  five  thermal  acidu- 
lous springs.    Temperature,  86°  Fahrenheit 

OBATON  (F.),  'a  husk.'  In  pathology,  it 
means  *funda  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregular 
or  hour-glass  contraction  of  the  uterus,  in  which 


the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  enchatonni  afar 
the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected  by  passing 
the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as  the  part  which 
is  contracted,  when  the  placenta  will  not  be  dis- 
coverable. 

The  treatment  eonsists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the  hand 
to  go  through.  The  placenta  most  then  be 
grasped  and  gently  withdrawn. 

CHATON,  Vaginal  process. 

CHATONNJS,  CALCUL,  (F.)  Calculus  tneor- 
cera'tus,  Eucys'ted  Cal'culue,  Calcul  enkysti.  A 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not pass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natural 
or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder ;  or  when  the 
organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi,  which 
surround  the  calculus;  or  when  it  is  lodged  in 
the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

CHATONNJS,  PLACENTA,  (F.)  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  Sea 
Chat  on. 

CHATONNEMENT,  (F.)  Incarcera'tio,  C*a- 
tonnement  du  placenta,  Enkystement. — Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the  uterus.     See  Ghaton. 

OHATOUILLEMENT,  (F.)  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  tickling  or  titillation 
( Titilla'tio,)  and,  at  others,  the  sensation  which 
gives  rise  to  the  action  (Pruri'tu*,)  Itching. 

CHATR&,  Castratus. 

CHATRURE,  Castration. 

CHAUDEAU,  Caudle. 

CHAUDEBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thionville, 
in  France.  The  waters  contain  iron,  sulphate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of 
lime. 

CHA  UDEPTSSE,  Gonorrhoea  impura— c.  Cor. 
die,  Gonorrhoea  cordata  —  c.  Tombie  dane  lee 
Bourses,  Hernia  humoralis. 

CHAUDES-AIGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department  of  Cantal, 
France,  where  there  is  a  number  of  saline  springs 
containing  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.    Temp.  190°  Fahrenheit 

CHAUDI&RE,  see  Alembic. 

CHAUFFOIR  (F.),  Linteum  Calefacto'rium. 
According  to  tho  Acadimie,  a  warmed  cloth,  used 
either  for  the  purpose  of  warming  a  patient,  or 
to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 

CHAUSSE,  (F.)  Chausaed,Eippocrate,Manchs 
<T Hippocrate,  Man'ica  Hippoc'ratis,  Man' tea, 
Hippocrates1  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CHAUVET&,  Calvitios. 

CJIAUX,  Calx— c.  Bichlorure  de,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum— c.  Chlomre  de,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Hy» 
drochlorate  de,  Calcis  murias  —  c.  HydrbetdfaU 
de,  Calois  sulphuretum  —  c.  Muriate  dc,  Calcis 
murias — c.  Muriate  oxighxi  de,  Calcis  chloridum 
—  c.  Muriate  suroxig6nt  de,  Calcis  chloridum  — 
c  Oxichlorure  ae,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Oximu* 
riate  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Vive,  Calx  viva, 

CHECKER-BERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursL 

CHEEK,  Gena. 

CHEESE,  Sax.  cere,  (L.)  Ca'eeue,  Tyros,  Pectk\ 
(F.)  Frotnage.  An  aliment,  prepared  from  the 
caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of  milk.  Fresh 
cheeses  owe  their  chief  medical  properties  to  the 
immediato  principle,  essentially  cheesy,  to  which 
the  name  ea'eeum  or  ca'setn  has  been  applied. 
Those,  which  have  been  recently  salted,  are  di- 
gested with  comparative  facility.    The  flavour 


CHEESE 


its 


0HEMOSI8 


of  cneeso  is  owing  to  an  ammoniacal  caseate. 
On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion, although  it  may  stimulate  the  stomach  to 
greater  exertion,  and  thus  aid  in  the  digestion 
of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  RENNET,  Galium  vernm. 

CHEE'SY,  Caeea'riue,  Cateo'eue,  Tgro^det,  (F.) 
Caseux  ou  Caeieux.  Having  the  nature  of  cheese. 

CHEF,  Bandage  (tail.) 

CUEGOE,  Chique. 

CHEGRE,  Chique. 

CHEILI'TIS,  ChilCtie,  from  xeiAoj,  'a  lip.' 
Inflammation  of  the  lip.    See  Chilon. 

CHEILOC'ACfi,  from  x«X(*,  'a  Kp/  and  KaK°s> 
'evil/  Labrieul'cium.  A  disease,  characterized, 
it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration,  and  slight  red- 
ness of  the  lips  without  inflammation ;  reputed, 
but  without  any  authority,  to  be  common  in 
England  and  Scotland,  amongst  children.  Also, 
the  thickness  of  the  upper  lip  of  scrofulous  chil- 
dren.   See  Stomacace,  and  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CHEILOCARCINO'MA,  from  x«Xpf,  'a  lip/ 
and  KapKivupay  'a  cancer.1    Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACIA,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHErLON,  Chilon. 

CHEILON'CUS,  Cheilophy'ma,  from  X"*0** 
'  lip/  and  oykos,  *  swelling.'   A  swelling  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOPHYMA,  Cheiloncus. 

CHEILOPLAS'TICE,  Chiloflas'tici,  from  *«- 
Xt,  'lip/ and  x\a*ris:s,  'forming/  The  opera- 
lion  for  an  artificial  lip. 

CHEILOS,  Lip. 

CHEIMA,  Cold. 

CHEIMETLON,  Chilblain. 

CHEIMIA,  Rigor. 

CI1EIR,  Manus. 

CHEIRAN'THUS  CHEIRI,  from*  Xeip,  'the 
hand/  and  avQos,  'flower/  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Yellow  Wall  Flower,  Vi'ola  lu'tea, 
Leucotum  lu'teutn,  Keyri,  Cheiri,  (F.)  Qtroflie  ou 
Violier  jaune.  The  flowers  have  been  esteemed 
nervine,  narcotic,  and  deobstruent 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  rubbing  or 
scratching,  from  gup,  '  the  hand/  and  aar«,  *  I 
touch/    A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  itch. 

CHEIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

CHEIRIS'MA,  Cheirie'mue.  The  act  of  touch- 
ing:— handling.    Any  manual  operation. 

CHEIRIXIS.  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  x«po- 
poptu,  *  I  exercise  with  the  hands/  An  exercise, 
referred  to  by  Hippocrates, which  consisted  in  using 
the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of  the  dumb-bells. 

CHEIROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 

CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHELA,  CheU.  This  word  has  several  signi- 
fications. Chela ,  a  forked  probe  used  for  extract- 
ing polypi  from  the  nose.  Chela —  chaps,  or 
cracks  on  the  feet,  organs  of  generation,  Ac 
Chela  likewise  means  claws,  especially  those  of 
the  crab.    See  Cancrorum  Chela). 

Chela  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CHELAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

CHELE,  Chela. 

CH&LIDOINE  GRANDE,  Chelidonium  ma- 
jus — e.  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDON,  xtXifov,  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm ;  Hirundo. 

CHELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDONIUM,  Bryonia  alba— o.  nemato- 
des, Ch.  majus. 

Chelido'nium  Majus,  Ch.  hamato'dee,  from 
XcAiJwr,  <  a  swallow/  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides with  the  appearance  of  the  swallow.  Pa- 
pafver  Cornicula'tum,  P.  lu'teum,  Common  CeV- 
andjne,  Tetterioort,  ( F. )  ChSlidoine  grand e, 
L'Eolcdre.     Family,  Papaveraoen.     Sex.  Syet. 


Polyandria  Monogynia.  The  root  and  recent 
plant  have  been  considered  aperient  and  diuretic 
Externally,  the  juice  has  been  employed  in  some 
cutaneous  diseases. 

Chelidonium  Minus,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDO'NIUS  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to 
stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in  the 
stomach  of  young  swallows.  They  wore  formerly 
believed  capable  of  curing  epilepsy. 

CHELOID,  Cancroid. 

CHELO'NE,  gt>c*v7,  'a  tortoise/  An  instru- 
ment for  extending  a  limb j  so  called,  because  in 
its  slow  motions,  it  resembled  a  tortoise. — Oriba- 
sius.    See  Testudo. 

Chelo'nb  Glabra,  Common  Snake  head,  Tur- 
tle head,  Turtle  bloom,  Shellfiotcer,  Balmony.  An 
indigenous  plant,  Sex.  Syet.  Didynamia  angio- 
spermia;  blossoming  from  July  to  November. 
The  leaves  are  bitter  and  tonic;  without  any  aro- 
matic smell,  and  with  very  little  astringency. 

CHELO'NIA  MYDAS,  The  Green  Turtle. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.    It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 

CHELO'NION,  Chelo'nium,  from  ^cAw**,  'a 
tortoise/  from  its  resembling  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorrseus.    The  scapula. 

CHELONOPH'AGI,  from  jrxA«»*,  'the  tor- 
toise/ and  <payu,  *  I  eat'  An  ancient  name  for 
certain  tribes,  who  dwolt  on  the  coasts  of  the  Red 
Sea,  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises.  —  Pliny, 
Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CHEL'SEA  PENSIONER.  An  empirical  re- 
medy for  rheumatism  and  gout,  sold  under  this 
name.  (Gum  guaiac,  JJj  ;  potcdered  rhubarb,  5Jy i 
cream  of  tartar,  ^j  J  fiowere  of  eulphnr,  3jj  J  one 
nutmeg,  finely  powdered':  made  into  an  electuary 
with  a  pound  of  clarified  honey.)  Dose,  two 
spoonfuls. 

CHELTENHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  a  town  in  Gloucestershire,  England,  nine 
miles  from  Gloucester,  and  94  W.  of  London. 
Its  water  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  natural 
purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline,  acidulous 
chalybeate,  and  is  much  frequented.  Its  main 
constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of 
soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic  acid  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

Cheltenham  Salts.  These  are  sometimes 
made  from  the  waters;  at  others,  factitiously. 
The  following  is  a  formula:  Sodii  ehlorid.,  mag- 
nee,  ntlphat.,  eodcB  eulph.,  aa  ft>j :  dissolve,  filter, 
evaporate  to  dryness;  then  add  Ferri  eulph.,  Jss. 

Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
made  of  Epeom  talt,  gr.  xij;  iron  filinge,  gr.  j; 
Glauber*  9  talt,  ^iv;  water,  4  gallons;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  marble  powder  and  eul> 
phuric  acid,  aa  3ij. 

CHELYS,  Thorax. 

CHELYS'CION,  from  x**<*  'the  chest'  A 
short,  dry  cough. — Galen,  Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

CHEME,  Chama,  Che'ramie.  An  ancient  mea- 
sure, equivalent  to  about  two  teaspoonfals. 

CHEMEUTICE,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHEMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHEMICO-  HISTOLOGY,  see  Chymico-hli- 
tology. 

CHEMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist 

CHEMIST,  Chymist 

CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 

CHEMO'SIS,  from  xWh  'an  aperture/  or  from 
Xypoft  'a  humour/  A  name  given  to  ophthalmia, 
when  the  conjunctiva,  surrounding  the  cornea, 
forma  a  high  ring,  making  the  cornea  seem,  as  it 
were,  at  the  bottom  of  a  well.  By  some,  it  is 
used  synonymously  with  ophthalmia,  **mbran<*. 
rum.    See  Ophthalmia. 


CHBMOTICB 


196 


CHICKEN-WATER 


CHBMOTICB,  Cbymistry. 

CHEMOTICUS,  Chymical. 

CHENAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Che- 
nay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  fromRheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

CH&NE,  Quercua  alba — c.  Marin,  Fucus  vesi- 
eulosus — c.  Petit,  Teucrioxn  ohamsedrys — c.  Vert, 
Ilex  amrifolium. 

CHE  NEVIS,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHENOBOSCON,  Potentilla  anserina. 

CHENOC'OPRUS,  from  xn*>  '*  goose,'  and 
towpos,  *  dang.'  The  dung  of  the  goose  is  so  de- 
signated in  some  old  Pharmacopoeias.  It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic 

CHENOPODIUM  AMBROSIACUM,  Ch.am- 
brosioides. 

CnEWOPO'DJtnf  AmbrosioI'des,  Ch,  suffructico'- 
sum,  from  %iv>  'ft  goose,'  and  vovs,  '  a  foot;'  Bo- 
trys Mejoicu'na,  At'riplex  Mexiea'na,  Chenopo'- 
dium ambrosiacum  seu  Mexica'mtm,  Botrys,  Am- 
brosioI'des Mexico,' na,  Botrys  America' na,  Arte- 
mis'ia  Botrys,  Mexico  Tea,  Spanish  Tea,  (F.) 
Anserine,  Th6  du  Mexique,  Ambrosie  du  Mexique. 
The  infusion  was  once  drunk  as  tea.  It  has  been 
given  in  paralytic  cases ;  and  in  the  United  States 
ib  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  indiscrimi- 
nately with  Ch.  anthelminticum. 

Chenopo'dium  Ajcthelmin'ticuv,  Chenopo'- 
dium, Botrys  anthelmin'tica,  Wornueed,  Wortn- 
goosefoot,  Wormseed  goosefoot,  Jerusalem  Oak  of 
America,  Goose/oot,  St  ink  weed,  (F.)  Ansirine  an- 
thelnUntique,  A.  vermifuge.  Tnis  plant  grows 
plentifully  in  the. United  States.  The  fruit— 
Chenopodium,  (Ph. U.S.) — is  much  used  in  cases 
of  worms.  Dose  of  the  powder,  from  a  teaspoon- 
ful  to  a  tablespoonful  or  more.  The  oil,  O'leum 
Chenopo'dii,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  from  8  to  10  drops,  is 
more  frequently  exhibited.  It  is  as  much  used 
in  America  as  the  Semen  Santon'iei  is  in  England. 

Chenopo'dium  Bonus  Henri'cus,  Chrysolach'- 
antral,  Mercuria'lis,  Bonus  Henri'cus,  Tota  bona, 
Lap' at  hum  unctuo'sum,  Chenopo'dium,  Ch,  sagit- 
ta'tum,  Pes  anseri'nus,  English  Mercury,  Allgood, 
Angular -Jicaved  goosefoot,  (  F.  )  Ansirine  Bon 
Henri,  Epinard  sauvage.  The  loaves  are  emol- 
lient, and  have  been  applied  to  ulcers,  <fcc.  It 
has  also  been  considered  refrigerant  and  ecco- 
protlo. 

Chenopo'dium  Botrts,  Botrys,  Botrys  vulga- 
ris, Ambro'sia,  Artemis'ia  Chenopo'dium,  Afri- 
plex  odora'ta,  At'riplex  suav'eolens;  the  Jerusa- 
lem Oak,  (Eng.)  (F.)  Ansirine  Botrys,  possesses 
anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once  given  in 
diseases  of  the  chest,  palsy,  Ac.    It  is  useless. 

Chenopodium  Foxtidux,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria — c.  Olidum,  Cb.  vulvaria. 

Chexopodium  Quinoa,  Quinua.  A  nutritious, 
wholesome,  and  agreeable  article  of  food  with  the 
Peruvians.  The  leaves,  before  the  plant  attains 
maturity,  are  eaten  as  spinach :  but  the  seeds  are 
most  generally  used  as  food,  boiled  in  milk  or 
broth,  and  sometimes  cooked  with  oheese  and 
Spanish  pepper. 

Cubxopodiuk  Saoittatum,  Ch.  Bonus  Honri- 
cas— c.  Suffructicosum,  Ch.  ambrosioides. 

Chenopodium  Vulva' ma,  Afriplex  fa'tida, 
AtfripUx  ol'ida,  Vulva'ria,  Oaros'mum,  Baphex, 
Chenopo'dium  Fos'tidum  seu  ol'idum,  Stinking 
Orach  or  Goostfoot,  (F.)  Vuleaire,  Arroche  pu- 
ant,  Ansirine  fitide.  The  fetid  smell  has  occa- 
sioned it  to  be  used  as  an  antispasmodic  and 
nervine. 

CHEOPINA,  Cheopine. 

CUEQUERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

CHERAMIS.  Cheme. 

OHERBACHEM,  Verotnun  album. 

^HERBAS,  Lettuce. 


CHERMES,  Kermes. 

CHERNIBIUM,  Urinal. 

CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus  —  e.  Tree, 
red,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  Tree,  black,  Prunus 
avium  —  c  Tree,  wild,  Prunus  Virginiana  —  e. 
Water,  Einehwasser  —  c.  Wild  cluster,  Prunus 
padus — o.  Winter,  Physalis. 

CHERS.fi,  Faeces. 

CHERVIL,  Scandix  cerefolium— c.  Wild,  ChjB- 
rophyllum  sylvestre. 

CHESIS,  from  xi$"*>  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  more 
frequent  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

CHEST,  Thorax. 

CHEST-EXPLORATOR,  see  Explorator, 
chest. 

CHESTNUT  TREE,  Fagus  castanea. 

CHEVAUCHEMENT,  (F.)  Os'sium  superpo- 
sit"io  vel  equita'tio,  Parallax'is,  Parallag'ma* 
The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another  after  frac- 
ture, giving  rise  to  shortening  of  the  limb.  See 
Riding  of  Bones. 

CHE  V EL  V BE,  Scalp. 

CHEVESTRE,  Chevitre,  Capis'trum,  from 
caput,  'the  head.'  A  bandage,  applied  round 
the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation  of  the 
lower  jaw.  According  to  the  mode  in  which  it  ii 
made,  it  is  called  simple,  double,  oblique,  Ac. 

CHEVEU,  Capillus. 

CHEVILLE  bU  PIED,  Malleolus. 

OHltVRE-FEUILLE,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum. 

CHEYLETUS  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

CHEZANAN'CE,  from  x«{»,  <I  go  to  stool/ 
and  avayicn,  *  necessity.'  An  ointment  composed 
of  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anas  to 
occasion  evacuation. — Paulus  of  JEgina. 

CHIA,  Chia  terra,  from  Chios,  an  island  where 
it  was  found.  A  kind  of  white  earth,  formerly 
used  for  burns. — Galen. 

CHFACUM  COLLYR'IUM.  A  oollyrium  eon- 
sisting  of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — Paulus 
of  .figina. 

CHIADUS,  Furunculus. 

CIIIAS'MUS,  Chios' ma,  Chiasm,  from  £c«$», 
to  form  like  the  letter  %•  The  crucial  union  of 
parts, — as  the  optic  commissure  or  chiasm  of  the 
optic  nerves, — Chias'mus  seu  Chios' ma  nervo'rum 
optico'rum. 

CHIASTER,  Kiaster. 

CHIAS'TOS.  Same  etymon.  A  bandage  so 
called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  \.  —  Ori- 
basius. 

CHIBOXJ,  see  Bursera  gnmmifera. 

C11ICIIA.  A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  Indian 
meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with  water. 
Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  cider.  It  is  also  made 
from  rice,  peas,  barley,  Ac. 

CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see  Lordosis. 

CHICKEN -BROTH.  When  chicken-tea  U 
boiled  down  one-half,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
parsley  or  celery,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  previ- 
ously beaten  up  in  two  ounces  of  soft  water,  it 
forms  a  soup  muoh  relished  by  the  convalescent. 

CHICKEN-PEPPER,  Ranunculus  abortivus. 

CHICKENPOX,  Varicella. 

CHICKEN-TEA,  Chicken-Boater.  This  may  be 
prepared  as  follows :  Take  a  small  chicken,  freed 
from  the  skin  and  fat  between  the  muscles;  and, 
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove  the 
lungs,  liver,  and  every  thing  adhering  to  the 
back  and  side-bones :  cut  the  whole — bones  and 
muscles  —  into  very  thin  slices;  put  into  a  pan 
with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  boiling  water ;  eover 
the  pan;  and  simmer  with  a  slow  fire  for  two 
hours.  Put  the  pan  upon  the  stove  for  half  aa 
hour,  and  strain  through  a  sieve. 

Used  where  the  lightest  animal  diet  Is  indicated. 

CHICKEN-WATER,  Chicken-tea, 


CHICKWEED 


197 


CHIRONIA 


CHICKWBBD,  Alsine  media. 

GRWORJSE  DES  JARDINS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia— «.  Sauvage,  Cichorium  intybu*. 

CHIENDENT,  Triticum  repens. 

CHIGGO,  Chique. 

CHIGGRE,  Clique. 

CHIGOE,  Chique. 

CHIL'BLAIN,  Pernio,  Bugan'tia,  Fry  the' ma 
Pernio,  Erythe'ma  &  Fri'gore,  Cheimcflon,  Chi- 
met'lum,  Chimon,  Malci,  from  chill,  *  cold/  and 
Mai*,  'a  pustule.'  (P.)  Engelure.  An  erythe- 
matous inflammation  of  the  feet,  —  hands,  Ac, 
occasioned  by  cold.  It  is  very  common  in  youth 
— not  so  in  the  adult  or  in  advanced  age.  It  is 
apt  to  degenerate  into  painful,  indolent  ulcera- 
tions, called  Kibes.  Chilblains  are  prevented  by 
accustoming  the  parts  to  exposure;  and  are 
treated  by  stimulant,  terebinthinate  and  balsamic 
washes,  ointments,  and  liniments. 

CHILD-BEARING,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED,  Parturient. 

CHILD-BED  FEVER,  Puerperal  fever. 

CHILD-BIRTH5  Parturition. 

CHILD-CROWING,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CHILDHOOD,  Infancy. 

CHILD-MURDER,  Infanticide. 

CHILDREN'S  BANE,  Cicuta  maoulata. 

CniLI,  see  Lima. 

CHILI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The  most 
celebrated  mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in  South  Ame- 
rica, are  those  of  Peldehues  and  Cauquenes.  The 
former  are  not  far  from  St  Jago.  They  consist 
of  two  springs,  one  thermal,  the  other  cold.  The 
hot  spring  is  clear,  inodorous,  and  contains  soda 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  cold  spring  contains  iron 
and  sulphate  of  soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids  during  the  summer.  Mine- 
ral waters  are  very  common  in  Chili. 

CHILIOGRAMMA,  Kilogramme. 

CHILIOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CHILITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL,  Rigor. 

CHI'LON,  Chei'lon,  Cheili'tie,  from  x«ia<k,  'a 
tip/  Inflammation  of  the  lips.  —  Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip ;  Laleo,  Lahct. 

CHlLOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellata. 

CHIMETLUM,  Chilblain. 

CHIMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHIMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHIMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHIMI8TE,  Chymist 

CHIMON,  Chilblain,  Cold. 

CHINA,  Cinchona,  Smilax  china  —  c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilaz  pseudo-china— c.  Oc- 
cidentals, Smilaz  pseudo-china — 0.  Orien talis, 
Smilax  china — c.  Ponderosa,  Smilax  china  —  c. 
Boot,  8milax  china — e.  Spuria  nodosa,  Smilax 
pseudo-china — c.  Vera,  Smilax  china. 

CHINCAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila  —  c 
Water,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

CHINCHE,  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA,  Cinchona. 

CHINCHUNCHULLI,  Ionidium  marcuccL 

CHINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

CHINESE,  MEDICINE  OP  THE,  Medici' na 
gin'ica.  Medicine  has  been  long,  but  most  im- 
perfectly, practised  by  the  Chinese.  From  their 
therapeutics  we  have  obtained  the  old  operations 
of  acupuncture  and  moxibustion. 

CHING'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
Iioxenges,  Ching's. 

CHININUM,  Quinine.    See  Chinium. 

CHINIO'IDINE,  Chinoldine,  Chinoidi'na, 
Quincidine;  from  China,  'Cinchona.'  A  substance 
presumed  to  be  an  alkaloid  by  Sertiirner,  who 
separated  it  from  cinchona.    It  has  been  sup- 


posed to  be  a  mixture  of  quinia,  cinch onia,  and  a 
peculiar  resinous  matter,  but  according  to  Liebig 
it  is  simply  the  alkaloid  quinia  in  an  amorphous 
state. 

CHINIUM  ACETICTJM,  Quinise  acetas  —  e. 
Arsenicosuin,  QuinisB  arsenias — c.  Citricum,  Qui- 
niffi  citras — c  Ferrocyanogenatum,  Quinim  Fer- 
rocyanas  —  c  Hydrochloricum,  Quinieo,  murias 

—  0.  Hydroiodicum,  Quinisa  hydriodas  —  c.  Lac- 
ticum,  Quinise  lactas  —  c.  Muriaticum,  Quinise 
murias  —  c.  Nitricum,  Quinisa  nitres  —  &  Phos- 
phoricum,  Quinise  phosphas  —  c.  Salitum,  Qui- 
nise murias  —  c.  Sulphuricum,   Quiniso   sulphas 

—  c.  Tannicum,  Quinisa  et  Cinchoniss  tannas — 
0.  Valerianicum,  Quiniae  Valerianae. 

CHINNEYWEED,  Lichen  roccolla. 

CHINOLEINUM,  Leukoleinum. 

CHINQUAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila, 

CHINWHELK,  Sycosis. 

CHIOCOCOS  RADIX,  Cainess  radix. 

CHIOLI,  Furunculus. 

CHION,  Snow. 

CHIQUE,  (F.)  Puce  pinttrante,  Pulex  JW- 
etrane,  Tick,  Chiggre,  Uhig'oe,  Chiggo,  Chegre, 
Cheg'oe,  Jigger.  A  small  insect  in  America  and 
the  Antilles,  which  gets  under  the  epidermis,  and 
excites  great  irritation. 

CHIR,  Maims. 

CHIRAETA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHI'RAGRA,  from  x(l9*  'hand,'  and  aypa,  'a 
seiiure.'    Gout  in  the  hand. 

CHIRAPOTHECA,  Anenal 

CHIRAPSIA,  Friction. 

CHIRARTHRI'TIS,  from  gup,  'hand/  ap$p*, 
'joint,'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  joints  of  the  hand. 

CHIRATITA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRAYTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRETTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

CHIRIATRIA,  Surgery. 

CHIRIMOYA,  Anona  tripetala* 

CHIRISIS,  Surgery. 

CHIRISMUS,  Surgery. 

CHIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHIROCYRTO'SIS,  from  x«p,  '&e  band,' 
and  Kvprweif,  'crookedness.'  Crookedness  of  the 
hand. 

CHI'ROMANCY,  Chiromanti'a,  Vaticin'ium 
ehiroman'ticum,  Palm'Utry,  from  £«p,  'the  hand,' 
and  ftavreta, '  divination.'  (F.)  Chiromancie.  Art 
of  divining  by  inspection  of  the  hand. 

CHIRONAX,  Surgeon. 

CHIRO'NIA,  (from  Chiron,  Xtipov,  the  Cen- 
taur) who  is  said  to  have  discovered  its  use.)  A 
genus  of  plants.    Fam.  GentianesB. 

Chiro'nia  Angula'ris,  American  Cen'taury, 
RoeepinJe,  Wild  Sue'cory,  Bitter  bloom,  Centry, 
Sabba'tia,  S.  Angula'rie.  Every  part  of  this 
plant  is  a  pure  and  strong  bitter,  which  property 
is  communicated  alike  to  alcohol  and  water.  It 
is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 

Chiro'nta  Centau'rium,  Centau'rium  minue 
sen  vulga're,  Centau'rium  parvum,  Gentia'na  cen- 
tau'rium seu  Gerar'di,  Centau'rium  minus,  Ery- 
thrat'a  Centau'rium,  Hippocentaurea  centau'rium, 
Centau'reum,  Centau'rit,  Smaller  Cent'aury,  Lee- 
eer  Centaury,  (F.)  Centauree  petite,  the  tops  of 
the  lesser  Centaury,  Centau'rit  Cacu'mina,  are 
aromatic  and  tonic,  and  are  sometimes  employed 
as  such. 

Chiro'nia  Chilkh'&is,  Gentia'na  Cachen- 
lahuen,  Cachen-laguen,  Chachinlagua,  Chancela- 
gua,  Erythrct'a  Chileneie,  Gentia'na  Peruvia'na. 
A  very  bitter  plant,  indigenous  in  ChHi.  It  pos- 
sesses the  virtues  of  the  Chironea.  Given  ia  ift> 
fusion— (3j,  to  water  Oj.) 


CHIBONITJM 


198 


CHLOROSIS 


CHIRONI'UM,  from  xuP°v>  'Dad»  malignant* 
An  ulcer  difficult  of  cure  :  —  of  a  swollen,  hard, 
and  callous  nature.  —  Galen.  Some  have  sup- 
posed the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  was  unable  to  cure  such  ulcers. 

CHIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia. 

CHIROP'ODIST,   (F.)  Pidicure.     One  who 

treats  diseases   of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 

whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  bun- 

'   vons ;  from  £c<f>,  '  the  hand/  and  irovs,  *  the  foot' 

CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHIROSTROPIIO'SIS,  from  x«p,  'the  hand/ 
and  vrpt<puv,  *  to  turn.'     Distortion  of  the  hand. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  x"?>  'the  nan<V  and 
dnKijt l  a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand.  A  kind 
of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand  are 
enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole  hand 
and  Augers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the  double  or 
complete  Chirotheca,  Ch.  comple'ta,  Vinctu'ra 
omnibus  dig"itis ;  and  when  only  a  finger  is 
covered,  the  half  or  incomplete,  Ch.  ineomple'ta, 
Vinctu'ra  pro  uno  diy"ito.     See  Gantelet. 

CHIROTRI'BIA,  from  xtlh  <the  hand/  and 
rpi/fo,  '  I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  hand.  Accord- 
ing to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art. — Hippocrates, 
Galon. 

CHIRRHEU'MA,  Chirorrheu'ma,  RheumatW- 
mus  manus,  from \up,  'the hand/ and pevpa,  'flux.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  band. 

CHIRURGEON.  Surgeon. 

CIIIRURGI  PHYSICI,  see  Surgeon. 

CHIRURGIA,  Surgery— c.  Anaplastica,  Mo- 
rioplastice — c.  Curtorum,  Morioplastice — c.  Infu- 
soria, Infusion  of  medicines  —  c.  Transfusoria, 
Transfusion. 

CHIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 

CHIRURGIE,  Surgery— c.  Militaire,  Surgery, 
military. 

CHIRURQIEN,  Surgeon— c.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting Surgeon — c.  Hemieux,  see  Hernial. 

CHIRU11QIQUE,  Surgical. 

CHIRURGUS,  Surgeon. 

CHIST.  An  Arabic  word  which  signifies  the 
sixth  part  The  sixth  part  of  the  Congius  or 
gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 

CHITONISCUS,  Indusinm. 

CIIITTICK'S  NOSTRUM,  see  Nostrum. 

CHIUM  VINUM.  From  Chios,  the  island 
where  it  was  produced ;  Chian  wine  ;  used  by  the 
physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  defluxions  and 
ophthalmia. — Scribonius  Largus. 

CHLI'AROS,  ^Aiapof,  '  tepid.'  A  name  given 
to  slight  fevers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not  great — 
Galen.  a 

CHLIAS'MA,  xXiavpa,  same  etymon.  A  tepid 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocrates. 

CHLOAS'MA,  Pityriasis  versicolor,  Mac'- 
ula  hepat'ica,  P  annus  hepat'icus,  Hepat'izon, 
Phazi,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  (F.)  Taches  hSpatiques, 
C  hale  are  du  foie,  Ephilide  scorbntique,  Liver- 
spot,  from  yXooc,  'a  greenish-yellow  colour.'  A 
cutaneous  affection,  characterized  by  one  or  more 
broad,  irregular-shaped  patches,  of  a  yellow  or 
yellowish -brown  colour,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently on  the  front  of  the  neck,  breast,  abdo- 
meu,  and  groins.  The  patches  do  not  generally 
rise  above  the  surface.  There  is  usually  some 
degree  of  itching. 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident  Sulphur  ex- 
ternally— in  any  and  every  form — generally  re- 
moves it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
the  external  use  of  the  remedy  in  baths  or  fumi- 
gations may  succeed. 

CHLORA,  Chlorine. 

CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po- 
>  marias  hyperoxygenatus. 


CHLORA  SM A,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORE,  Chlorine — c.  Liquide,  see  Chlorine. 

CHLORETUM  CALC  ARLffi,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CHLORIASIS,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORIC  ETHER,  CONCENTRATED,  see 
Ether,  chlorio  —  o.  Ether,  Strong,  see  Ether, 
chloric. 

CHLORINE,  from  gXupot,  'green.'  Chlo'rinum, 
Chlorin'tum,  Chlora,  Oxymuriat'ic  Acid  Gas, 
Oxygenated  Muriatic  Acid  Gas,  Dephlogisticated 
Marine  Acid,  Hal'ogene,  Mu'rigene,  Chlornm,  (F.) 
Chlore.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  element- 
ary substance.  It  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gae,  of 
a  strong  suffocating  smell,  and  disagreeable  taste; 
incapable  of  maintaining  combustion  and  respira- 
tion, and  very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  cha- 
racteristics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  imme- 
diately, all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is 
employed  in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing agent  A  very  dilute  solution,  Aqua  seu  Li- 
quor Chlo'rini,  (F.)  Chlore  liquide,  has  been  ad- 
ministered internally,  in  certain  cases  of  diarrhoea 
and  chronic  dysentery.  Immersion  of  the  hands 
and  arms  in  it  has  often  removed  itch  and  other 
cutaneous  affections.  It  has  also  been  inhaled  in 
a  dilute  state  in  the  early  stage  of  phthisis,  but  it 
is  of  doubtful  efficacy,  and  is  better  adapted  for 
chronic  bronchitis. 

Chlorusb,  Bisulphubet  or,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of. 

CHLO'ROFORM,  Chloroform! urn,  Carba'neum 
chlora' turn,  Super chlo'ridum  formyl'icnm,  Per- 
chloride  and  Terchloride  of  Formyl,  called  also, 
but  not  correctly,  Terchloride  of  Carbon,  and 
Chloric  ether,  jEther  chlo'ricua,  (F.)  Chloroform*, 
so  called  on  account  of  the  connexion  of  chlorine 
with  formic  acid,  is  a  colourless,  oleaginous 
liquid,  of  a  sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aroma- 
tic, and  peculiar  taste.  The  specific  gravity  of 
that  of  the  Pb.  U.  S.  is  1.49.  It  may  be  ob- 
tained by  distilling  from  a  mixture  of  chlorinated 
lime  and  alcohol,  — rectifying  the  product  by  re- 
distillation, first  from  a  great  excess  of  chlori- 
nated lime,  and  afterwards  from  strong  sulphuric 
acid.  It  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  asthma, 
and  in  diseases  in  which  a  grateful  soothing  agent 
is  required.  Dose,  f  5Jss  to  fSj,  diluted  with  water. 
It  has  likewise  been  prescribed  with  great  success 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent  in  spasmodic  diseases; 
and  to  obtund  sensibility  in  surgical  operations 
and  in  parturition, — especially  in  the  way  of  in- 
halation ,*  but  its  use  requires  caution.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

Chloroform,  Tincturb  op,  Ether,  chloric. 

CHLOROFORMIZA'TION,  Chloroformisa'tio. 
The  aggregate  of  ansesthetic  phenomena  occa- 
sioned by  the  inhalation  "f  chloroform. 

CHLOROPHYLLE,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  xtapof,  'green/  PaVUdm 
Morbus,  Fadus  Vir'ginum  color,  Pal'lidu$  color 
virgin'eus,  Pallidus  morbus,  Pallor  vir'ginum, 
IcterW'ia  alba,  Ic'terus  albus,  Leucopathi'a,  Mor- 
bus virgin' eus,  Morbus  Parthen'ius,J*aidi  colo'res, 
Dyspep'sia  chloro'sis,  Febris  amato'ria,  Cachexia 
vir'ginum,  Febris  vir'ginum,  Febris  alba,  Anepi- 
thym'ia  chloro'sis,  C Moras' ma,  Chloros'ma,  C Mo- 
ri'asis,  Citto'sis,  Green-sickness,  (F.)  C Morose, 
Pdles-couleurs.  A  disease  which  affects  young 
females,  more  particularly  those  who  have  not 
menstruated.  It  is  characterised  by  a  pale,  lurid 
complexion,  languor,  listlessness,  depraved  ap- 
petite and  digestion,  palpitation,  Ac.  The  dis- 
ease generally  goes  off  on  the  occurrence  of  the 
menstrual  flux ;  but  sometimes  it  is  long  before 
this  is  established,  and,  at  times,  the  catamenla 
are  in  much  larger  quantity  than  usual.  To  this 
last  form  M.  Trousseau  has  given  the  name  eJUo- 
rote  htmorrhagique. 


OHLOROSMA 


109 


CHOLERA 


The  blood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light, 
coloured,  and  deficient  in  red  corpuscles ;  and  the 
dot  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than  in 
health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound  has 
been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the  heart, 
and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the  larger 
arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  subclavians,) 
re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the  ventricle,  and 
resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  humming-top,  the 
cooing  of  doves,  the  whistling  of  air  through  a 
key-hole,  Ac,  (see  Bruit.)  Very  similar  sounds 
are  heard  in  the  arteries  after  copious  hemor- 
rhage: they  seem,  therefore,  to  coincide  with  en- 
feebled circulation.  • 

Tonics — as  iron— are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment, — the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable  torpor 
of  the  system. 

Chlorosis  JSthiopux,  Chthonophagia  —  e. 
Amatoria,  Hectic  fever  —  c.  Gigantea,  see  Poly- 


CHLOROSMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorot'icus,  (P.)  Chlorotique. 
Affected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chlorosis; 
—as  chlorotie  female,  chlorotic  symptoms,  Ac 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

CHLORU11E  DE  CARBON,  Chloroform  — 
e.  if  Or,  Qold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  OXIDI  CALCII,  Calcis 
colori/lum. 

CHOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  EMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM.  A 
black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  composed 
of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The  litharge 
was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,.  Cynanche  trachealis— o.  Wolf,  Ly- 
eanche. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis  —  c  Cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE,  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

CHOA V A,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CHOCOLATA,  Chocolate— c  cum  Osmazoma, 
see  Osmazome. 

CHOCOLATE,  Chocola'tum,  Chocola'ta,  Sue 
eola'ta,  Succocolla'ta.  Dr.  Alston  says,  that  this 
word  is  compounded  from  two  East  Indian 
words: — choco,  *  sound,'  and  atte,  'water,'  be- 
cause of  the  noise  made  in  its  preparation.  An 
alimentary  paste  prepared  from  the  kernels  of 
Theobro'ma  cacao  or  Cacao,  with  augur,  and 
often  aromatics.  (See  Cacao.)  The  chocolate 
thus  simply  prepared — as  it  is  met  with,  indeed, 
in  commerce  —  is  called  in  France  Chocolat  de 
•ant6.    It  is  not  very  easy  of  digestion. 

The  chocolat  d  la  vanxlle  contains  thr^j  ounces 
of  vanilla  and  two  of  cinnamon  to  twenty  pounds 
of  common  chocolate.  The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible.  Cho- 
colates may  likewise  be  medicated. 

CHOCOLATE,  OSMAZOME,  see  Osmazome. 

CHOCOLATE  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

CHOCUS,  Chu. 

CHCENICIS,  Trepan. 

CHCENION,  Cord. 

CHCENOS,  Cord. 

CH(ERAS,  Scrofula. 

CHOIROS,  Vulva. 

CHOKE  DAMP,  Carbonic  acid. 

CHOLA,  Chole. 

CHOLJB'MIA;  from  goA*  'bile,'  and  'atua, 
4  blood.'  A  morbid  state,  in  which  bile  exists  in 
the  blood.    Jaundice. 

CHOLAGO,  Cholas.  » 

CHOL'AGOGUE,  Cholago'gts,  Choh'gos,  FeU 
Ud'ueus,  Bilit'icus,  from  x°*n*  '  bile,'  and  ayta,  *  I 
expel.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  cathar- 
tics, which  were  reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 


CHOLANSIS,  Cholosis. 

CHOLAS,  go***,  plur.  x«Aofc.  The  epigastric 
region.     Chola'go.    The  intestines. — Homer. 

CHOLASMA,  Cholosia. 

CHOL&,  Cholus,  Chola,  'bile,'  in  composition. 
Hence : 

CHOLEC'CHYSIS,  Cholen'chysis ;  from  X.X% 
'  bile/  and  cyvtwtf,  '  effusion.'    Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CH0LECY8TEURYS'MA,  from  *.X»,  'bile,' 
inert j,  '  bladder,'  and  cveoop*,  '  dilatation.'  Dila- 
tation of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTITIS,  Jnflamma'Ho  Vesi*e*fe]X~ 
ea,  I.  cyst'idisfell'ea,  Cysti'tisfel'lea,  UepaH'sis 
cyst'ica,  from  £0X9,  *  bile,'  and  xverts,  *  bladder.' 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  la  VUicule  du  Fiel,  ChoU- 
cystite.    Inflammation  of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOL'EDOCH,  Choled'ochus;  from  go**, 
'  bile,'  and  fogo;,  *  containing  or  receiving.' 
The  Ductus  eholedochus  sen  hep'ato-cys'ticus, 
Ductus  communis  eholedochus,  (F.)  Conduit  ou 
Canal  ChoUdoque,  is  the  duct  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  which  pours 
the  hepatic  and  cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum. 

CHOLEDOCI'TIS,  from  eholedochus,  and  itis; 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  choledoch  duct 

CHOLEDOG'RAPHY,  choledogra'phia,  Cho- 
legraph'ia,  C holograph' ia,  from  goXi?,  '  bile,'  and 
vpa0c<v,  '  to  describe.'  A  description  of  what  re- 
lates to  the  bile  and  biliary  organs. 

CHOLEDOL'OGY,  Choledolog"ia,  Chole- 
log"ia,  Chololog"ia,  from  jroXij,  « bile,'  and  X*yof, 
'  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  bile  and  biliary 
organs. 

CHOLEGOS,  Cholagogne. 

CHOLEGRAPHIA,  Choledography. 

CHOLEHiEMIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLEIA,  Claudication. 

CHOLELITHIA,  Cysthepatolithiasis— c  Icte- 
rus, Icterus. 

CHOLELITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithiasis. 

CHOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLELOGIA,  Choiedology. 

CHOLEMES'IA,  Cholem'esis,  from  x«*i, 
'  bile/  and  sjttvti,  <  vomiting.'    Vomiting  of  bile. 

CHOLENCHYSIS,  Choleccbysie. 

CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRETUS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRRHIN,  see  Bile. 

CHOLER,  Bile.  Anger  was  supposed  to  be 
produced  by  a  superabundance  of  bile;  hence 
the  term  Choler  for  anger. 

CHGL'ERA,  Chol'era-morbus,  Cholera  nostra; 
Cholera  vulga'ris,  Sporad'ie  Chol'era,  C  holer - 
rha'gia,  Pas'sio  choler' ica,  Felliflua  panto,  Mor- 
bus fellif'luue.  Hoi' era,  Bilis  fiux'io,  (F.)  Chola- 
drie  lymphatique,  Hydrocholadrie,  ChoUra-mor- 
bus  sporadique,  Ch.  Europe'en,  Trousse-galant, 
from  X0X17,  '  bile,'  and  paa,  *  I  flow.'  According 
to  others,  from  goXa^ec,  '  intestines,'  or  from  g*. 
XcfM,  '  the  gutter  of  a  house  to  carry  off  the  rain.' 
The  higher  degrees  have  been  called  Centrogan- 
glii'tis,  and  Myelr^angln'tis.  A  disease  charac- 
terized by  anxiety,  griping*,  spasms  in  the  legs 
and  arms,  and  by  vomiting  and  purging  (gene- 
rally bilious :)  vomiting  and  purging  are,  indeed, 
the  essential  symptoms.  The  disease  is  most 
common  in  hot  climates,  —  and  in  temperate  cli- 
mates, during  summer.  In  India,  Spasmod'i* 
chol'era,  Asiat'ic  cholera,  Malignant  ch.,  In'dian 
ch.,  Epidem'ic  ch.,  Pestilen'tial  ch.,  Asphyx'ia 
pestilen'ta,  Pestilen'tial  asphyx'ia,  ChoV eric  Pest'- 
Hence,  Eastern  ch.,  Orien'tal  ch.,  Cholera  orien* 
to! lis,  Ch.  In'dica,  Ch.  Epidem'ica,  Typhus  Ben- 
galen'sis,  Chol'ero-typhus,  Ganglionitis  peripher*- 
ica  et  medulla'ris,  ffymenooanglii'tis,  Pantogan- 
ylii'tis,  Cholerrhos'a  lympnat'ica,  Psorenter'ia  $ 


CHORIOIDITIS 


202 


CHRYSANTHEMUM 


OHOUIONITIS.  Induration  of  the  Cellular 
tisane. 

CHOROID,  ChoroVdeus,  ChoroVdes,  Chorivi'- 
des,  Chorio'des,  from  x°Pt0V>  **ne  chorion/  and 
uSott  'shape/  'resemblance/  Several  parts  are  so 
called,  which  resemble  the  chorion,  in  the  multi- 
tude of  their  vessels. 

Choroid  Muscls,  Ciliary  mnscle. 

ChoroX'dea  sen  ChorioI'dea  Tu'nica,  Ch.  Mem- 
hra'na,  or  simply  the  Choroid,  Tu'nica  vasculo'sa 
Oc'uli,  T.  rmiuiform'ie  sen  rhagoVdes,  (F.)  Mem- 
brane choroid*,  Choroid*.  A  thin  membrane,  of 
a  very  dark  colour,  which  lines  the  sclerotica, 
Internally.  The  part  behind  the  iris  is  called 
Uvea.  It  is  situate  between  the  sclerotica  and 
retina,  has  an  opening,  posteriorly,  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  optic  nerve;  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, at  the  great  circumference  of  the  iris, 
where  it  is  continuous  with  the  ciliary  processes. 
According  to  Ruysch,  the  choroid  consists  of  two 
layers,  to  the  innermost  of  which  his  son  gave  the 
name  Tu'nica  Ruysehia'na,  Membra'na  Ruysch- 
ia'tia,  (F.)  Membrane  Ruyechienne.  The  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  membrane  is  covered  with  a 
dark  pigment,  consisting  of  several  layers  of  pig- 
ment cells,  called  Pigmcn'tum  nigrum.  Stratum 
pigmen'ti,  Ophthalmochro\'tes,  jEthiops  animal, 
(F.)  Enduit  chorotdien.  Its  use  seems  to  be,  to 
absorb  the  rays  of  light  after  they  have  traversed 
the  retina. 

Choroi'des  Plexus,  Plexus  chorot'deusB&a,  reti- 
eula'ris,  Vermei  cer'ebri,  Choroid  Plexus.  Two 
membranous  and  vascular  duplicatures  of  the  pia 
mater,  situate  in  the  lateral  ventricles.  They  are 
fixed  to  the  Tela  choroidea  by  one  edge,  and  are 
loose  and  floating  at  the  other. 

Choroidea  Tela,  (F.)  Toile  chorotdienne.  A 
kind  of  vasculo-membranous  prolongation  of  tho 
pia  mater,  which  lines  the  lower  surface  of  the  fornix 
united  with  the  corpus  callosum.  It  is  stretched 
above  the  third  ventricle,  and  covers  the  poste- 
rior commissure  and  corpora  quadrigemina.  An- 
teriorly, the  tela  choroidea  is  continuous  with  tho 
plexus  choroidea. 

Choroids*  Veits,  Vena  Oale'ni,  (F.)  Veines 
ehoroHdienues.  Two  veins,  that  creep  along  the 
tela  choroidea;  into  which  almost  all  those  of 
the  lateral  veutricles,  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the  corpora 
qnadrigemina  open.  The  Venae  Galeni  open  into 
the  sinus  quartus  or  fourth  sinus. 

CHOROlDE,  CEINTURE  BLANCHE  DE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commistursjfa  la,  Cili- 
ary ligament 

CHOROIDITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation  of 
the  choroid  and  retina. 

CHOROMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHOSES  CONTRE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam  —  c.  Naturellee,  Res  naturales  —  c.  non 
Naturelles,  Res  non  naturales. 

CHOSIS,  Arenatio. 

CHOU  CAB  US,  Brassica  capitata— a.  Cro&tc, 
Sauer  Kraut — c.  Fleur,  Brassica  Florida^ftCauli- 
flower  excrescence  —  <*.  Marin,  Convolvulus  sol- 
danella  —  c.  Navet,  Brassica  rapa  —  c.  Pommt, 
Brassica  capitata — c  Potager,  Brassica — c.  Ro- 
fuette,  Brassica  eruca. 

CHREMMA,  Sputum. 

CHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

CHRISIS,  from  goto*,  '  I  anoint'  The  action 
of  anointing.    Inunction. 

CHRISM  A,  same  etymon.  The  act  of  anoint- 
ing.    The  salve  or  liniment  used.     Prurigo. 

CHRISTI  MANUS.  Troches  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boiled  in  rose-water  with  or  without 
prepared  pearls. 


CHRISTOPHER  HERB,  Aetsea  spicata. 

CHRISTOPHORIANA  SPICATA,  Aetsea  spi- 
cata. 

CHRISTOS,  X9tcr0*>  fr°m  W">  '*  anoint' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  liniment 
or  ointment 

CHROA,  Chrcea,  Chroma,  Colour  in  generaL 
The  surface  of  the  body.    The  skin. 

CHRCEAS,  Scrofula. 

CHROMA,  Chroa. 

CHROMATOG"ENOUS,  from  jflwjia,  'colour/ 
and  ytwau,  '  I  make.' 

Chromatoo"enous  Appara'tus.  A  particular 
apparatus  for  producing  the  colouring  matter  of 
the  skin,  composed  of  a  glandular  or  secreting 
parenchyma,  situate  a  little  below  the  papilla, 
and  presenting  special  excretory  duct?,  which 
pour  out  the  colouring  matter  on  the  surface  of 
the  true  skin. — Breschet 

CHROMlATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro- 
matopsia. 

CHROMATOPHO'BIA,  from  XW«»  'colour/ 
and  Qofios,  '  dread/  Morbid  sensibility  to  certain 
colours. 

CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

CHROMATOPSIA,  Chromopsia, 

CHROMIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Chro'micvm,  (F.) 
Acide  chromique.  Obtained  by  crystallization 
from  a  mixture  of  bichromate  of  potassa,  and 
oil  of  vitriol.  It  has  been  used  as  an  escharotio 
in  external  hemorrhoids. 

CHROMIDRO'SIS,  from  xpwfw,  'colour/  and 
'<tyoK,  '  sweat'  Abnormous  coloration  of  the  per- 
spiratory secretion. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chromatop'sia, 
Chrotop'sia,  Ghrup'sia,  Crop'sia,  Vitus  cohra'tm, 
Suffu'sio  colo'rans,  from  XPwPa>  *  colour/  and  oipts, 
'  vision.'  A  state  of  vision  in  which  a  coloured 
impression  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to  be 
occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRONAGUNEA,  Menstruation. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'icus,  Chro'nivs,  Polychro'- 
nius,  Jnvetera'tus,  Anti'quus,  Vena' us,  from  xpovoc, 
'  time/     Of  long  duration. 

Chronic  Diseases,  Morbi  chron'icu  Macro- 
nos'ia,  Macro*  sia,  (F.)  Maladies  Chroniques,  an 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symptoms 
proceed  slowly.    The  antithesis  to  chronic  is  acute, 

CHRONO,  from  XP°V0**  'time/  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
that  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Piorry. 

CHRONO-HJsPATITE,  Hepatitis,  chronic 

CHRONO-N£pHRITE,  Nephritis  (chronic) 

CHRONO-THERMAIj,  from  xpow*,  'time,' 
and  Stpun,  'heat'  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. An  epithet  given  to  a  fanciful  'system' 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Dickson,  which  maintains,  that 
there  can  be  no  increase  or  diminution  of  tempe- 
rature without  motion ;  no  motion  without  time ; 
that  motion  consists  in  attraction  and  repulsion  j 
that  attraction  and  repulsion  are  peculiar  to  elec- 
tric action ;  and  hence,  that  medicines  mast 
change  the  motions  of  the  system,  and  be  electri- 
cal in  their  operation. 

CHROTOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRUPSIA,  Chrcmopsia. 

CHRYSALEA.  Nitro-muriatic  acid. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  officinalis. 

CnRYSAN'THBMrM  Leucan'thkmum.  from  gpv- 
ffos,  'gold/  and  avbos,  'a  flower/  The  Ox-eye 
daisy,  Daisy,  Whitexoeed,  Goldens,  Maudlintcorl, 
Bellis  major  seu  praten'sis,  Buphthal'mum  mo  jus, 
Leucan'themum  vulga'rl,  Matrica'ria  Levcanth'e- 
mum,  BellidioVdes,  Consol'ida  media,  Oc'ulus  Bo- 
vis,  (F.)  Chryeanthlme,  Chryslne,  Grand  Margui- 
rite  des  pris.  The  flowers  and  herb  are  slightly 
acrid;  and  were  once  used  in  pulmonary  diseases. 


CHRY8B 


203 


OHYMICAL 


CHRrsiranmnc  Pabthshrtv,  Matricaria  par- 
'  thenium. 

CHRYSE,  from  XF>°°*,  'gold.'    The  name  of 

•  yellow  plaster,  descnjbed  by  Paolo*  of  JSgina, 
and  composed  of  thai,  alum,  lead,  colophony, 
resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in  vinegar. 

OHR  YSJ&NE,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemnm. 

CHRYSITIS,  see  Plumbioxidum  semivitreum. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myristica 
moschata. 

CHRYSOCALIS,  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 

CHRYSOCOLLA,  Borax. 

CHRYSOCOMA,  Millefolium. 

CHRYSOLACHANUM,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus. 

CHRYSOL'ITHTJS,  Chrysolite,  from  xpw, 
'gold,'  and  Ai$*j,  'stone/  A  precions  stone,  of 
a  golden  colour,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as  car- 
diac, cephalic,  Ac.  ' 

CIIRYSOMELIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

CHRYSOPHYL'LUM  CAINI'TO,from  jflww* 
'gold,'  and  fvXXov,  'a  leaf/  Cainito,  Siderox'- 
ylon,  Broad-leaved  Star-apple.  A  tree  of  the 
Antilles,  which  produces  one  of  the  best  fruits 
of  the  country.     There  are  several  varieties  of  it 

Chrtsophyllum  Oltciphljeuv,  Monesia. 

CHRY80PUS,  Cambogia. 

CHRYSOS,  Gold. 

CHRYSOSPERMUM,  Sempervivum  tectonxm. 

CHRYZA  FIBRAUREA,  Coptis. 

CHTHONOPHA'GIA,  Cachexia  Africa'na, 
Mala' da  Africano'rum,  Pica  Africano'rum,  Leu- 
eophlegma'tia  JEthio'pum,  Chloro'eie  uEthiopum, 
Dirt-eating,   (P.)    Mai   a"£etomac,   from    x<W, 

*  earth/  and  <payuf  '  I  eat'  A  disorder  of  the  nu- 
tritive functions  observed  amongst  the  negroes  of 
the  South  and  of  the  West  Indies,  in  which  there 
Is  an  irresistible  desire  to  eat  earth.  It  is  acoom 
panied  by  most  of  the  signs  of  chlorosis. 

CHU,  Choa  or  Chug,  x*s>  Chocue.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  Greeks,  answering  to  the 
Congiue  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six  sex- 
tarii,  or  twelve  Attic  cotylse,  or  nine  pints. — Galen. 

CHURRUS,  see  Bangue. 

CHUTE,  Prolapsus — c.  du  Fondement,  Proc- 
tocele— c.  de  la  Matrice,  Procidentia  uteri — c.  dee 
On/*,  see  Parturition — c.  du  Rectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 

CHYLAR,  Chylous. 

CHYLARION,  Chyle. 

CHYLE,  Chylue,  Succue  nutrit'iue,  from  jp>c*, 
' I  flow/  The  word,  in  Hippocrates,  means  Tieane 
or  Decoction  of  Barley,  Chyla'rion,  ^vXafHov.  Ga- 
len first  used  it  in  its  present  sense; — i.  e.  for  a 
nutritive  fluid,  extracted  by  intestinal  absorp- 
tion, from  food  which  has  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  the  digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a 
whitish  appearance;  is  separated  from  the  chyme 
In  the  duodenum,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  intes- 
tines, and  is  absorbed  by  the  ehyliferous  vessels, 
which  arise  at  the  mucous  surface  of  the  intestine. 
Along  these  it  passes  through  the  mesentorio 
glands  to  the  thoracic  duct,  and  is  finally  poured 
into  the  left  subclavian.  It  is  composed,  like  the 
blood,  of  a  coagulable  part  and  of  serum.  Chyle 
corpuscles  or  globule;  exist  in  it,  the  average  sixe 
of  which  is  about  l-4600th  of  an  inch.  See  Chyme. 

Chyls  Corpuscles,  see  Chyle. 

CHYLEUX,  Chylous. 

CHYLIF'EROUS,  Chy'lifer,  Chyliferue,  Chy- 
loph'orus;  from  chylue,  'chyle/  and  ferre,  'to 
carry/    Chyle-bearing. 

Chtlif'erous  Vessels,  Vdea  Chylif'era  sen 
Chylof'era,  Via  chyli/'era,  Vena  lactea,  Vaea 
laetea.  The  Lacteale,  (F.)  Vaieeeaux  chyli flree, 
V.  Lactt$.  Vessels  which  convey  the  chyle  from 
the  intestines  to  the  thoracic  duct. 


CHYLIFICA'TION,    Chyli fc a' Ho,    ChyWeie, 
Chylopoie'eie,   Prapara'tio  chyli,  from    chylue, 
'chyle/  and  facte,  'to  make/    Formation  of 
chyle  by  the  digestive  processes. 
CHYLINE,  Cyclamen. 
CHYLISMA,  Succus  expresses. 
CHYLIS'MUS,  from  gvAoc,  <juice/    The  Ml 
of  expressing  the  juice  of  vegetables,  Ac 
CHYLOCYSTIS,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CHYLODES,  Chylous. 
CHYLODIABETES,  Chyluria. 
CHYLODIARRHCEA,  Coeliao  flux. 
CHYLODOCHIUM,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CHYLOG'RAPHY,  from  x«>of,  'chyle/  and 
ypu<pfj, '  a  description/    A  description  of  the  ana- 
tomy, Ac,  of  the  ehyliferous  vessels. 
CHYLOPOIESIS,  Chylification. 
CHYLOPOIET'IC,  Chylopoietficue,  ChylopoVt- 
tie,  from  xv*oi>  '  chyle/  and  «ei  c »,  '  I  make/    Re* 
lating  to  or  connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle. 
Chiefly  applied  to  the  organs  immediately  con- 
cerned  in  it;  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta, 
and    mesentery.    Aeeietant   Chylopoietic :  —  ap- 
plied to  viscera  which  aid  in  the  formation  of 
chyle,  as  the  liver  and  pancreas. 

CHYLORRHCEA,  Coeliao  flux— c  Pectoris, 
Chylothorax — c  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CHYLOSIS,  Chylification. 
CHYLOSTAG'MA  DIAPHORET'ICUM 
MINDERE'RI.  A  compound  prepared  by  dis- 
tilling the  theriac  o/Andromachus,  the  mithridaU 
of  Damocrates,  and  other  alexipbarraics,  Ac.  It 
is  nearly  the  same  preparation  as  the  Aqua  T fie- 
ri aca'li*  Betoar'dica. 

CUYLOTHO'B.AX,Pleurorrha'achylo,ea,Chy- 
lorrhoe'a  Pec'torie,  Hydrotho'rax  chylo'eue  ;  from 
XvXof,  'chyle/  and  fopaf,  'the  chest/ — Effusion 
of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the  rupture  of  a 
ehyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS,  Chylar,  Chylo'eue  vel  Chyla'rie, 
Chylo'dee,  (F.)  Chyleux,  Chylaire.  Relating  to 
the  chyle ;  or  having  some  analogy  to  that  fluid. 
CHYLU'RIA,  Diabe'tee  lac'tca,  D.  Chylo'eue, 
Chylodiabe'tee,  Qalactu'ria,  Fluxue  caliacue  per 
Rene*,  Pyu'ria  lac'tea,  P.  Chylo'ea,  Caliaca  uri- 
na'lie,  C.  rena'lie  Chylorrha'a  urina'lie,  Ch.  rena'- 
lie,  from  gvAof,  'chyle/  and  ovpov,  'urine/  (F.) 
Diablte  chyleux.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine,  with- 
out any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidneys  or  bladder. 
CHYLUS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Succus. 
CHYME,  Chymue,  X°P0<>  'juice/  from  go»,  'I 
flow/  The  pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  mixed  with 
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric  secretions, 
after  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the  stomach. 
In  this  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the  biliary 
and  pancreatic  ducts,  which  open  into  the  duo- 
denum j  where  the  conversion  into  chyle  occurs, 
which  is  absorbed  by  the  ehyliferous  vessels, — the 
excrementltiouB  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 
large  intestine  to  be  evacuated  per  anum.  Cas- 
telli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used  in 
an  inverse  sense  by  the  ancients,  from  that  ac- 
cepted at  present 
CHYMI,  Humours. 

CHYMIA,  Chymistry— c  Organica,  Chymis- 
try,  organic — c  Pharmaceutica,  see  Chymistry. 

CHYMIA'TER,  Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter,  from 
X" pi i a  or  xiuua> '  chymistry/  and  taroos,  '  a  phy- 
sician/ Iatro-chym'icue.  A  chemical  physician. 
CHYMIATRI'A,  Chymiatri'afChemiatri'a, la- 
tro-chemi'a,  Medici' na  epagir'ica,  Are  Chymiat*- 
rica,  from  ^v/isiaor  XWM*  '  chymistry/  and  larpwa, 
'cure/    The  art  of  curing  by  chemical  means. 

CHYM'ICAL,  Chem'ical,  CKem'icue,  Chenur*. 
ticue.  A  medicine  formed  by  the  aid  of  chymistty, 
in  contradistinction  to  OaUnicaL 


CHYM'ICO-HISTQL'OGY 


204 


CICHO'BIUM  BNDIY'IA 


CHYMaCO-HISTOL'OGY,ttym'wo-A«to&>sr"- 
ia,  Chem'ico-hittol'ogy.  The  doctrine  of  the  or- 
ganic chemistry  and  morphology  of  tisanes. 

CIIYMICOPHANTA,  Chymist 

CHYMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHYMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chymifica'tio,  Chymo'- 
ti»,  from  xupot,  'juice/  and  facere,  *  to  make.' 
Formation  of  chyme. 

CIIYM'IST,  Chem'itt,  Chem'icut,  Chymico- 
phan'ta,  Chym'icus,  (F.)  Chimitte  ou  Chymitte. 
One  acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Bri- 
tain it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "  one  who 
sells  chemicals." 

CHYMISTE,  Chymist 

CHYM'ISTBY,  Chem'ittry,  ChemCa,  Chymi'a, 
Ohimi'a,  Chemeu'tidt  Chemot'ici,  Philotoph'ia  per 
ignem,  Spagy'ria,  Pyrotech'nia,  Pyrotoph'ia,  Art 
hermet'ica,  Archima'gia,  Art  mago'rum,  Art  tepa- 
rato'ria,  Art  tpagir'ica;  from  xv£°*>  'juice/  or 
from  Arab,  chema,  'a  secret.'  (F.)  Chimie  ou 
Chymie.  A  branch  of  tho  natural  sciences,  whose 
object  is  to  investigate  the  nature  and  properties 
of  bodies,  simple  and  compound,  inorganic  and 
organized ;  and  to  study  the  force  or  power,  by 
virtue  of  which  every  combination  is  effected.  It 
investigates  the  action  between  the  integrant  mo- 
lecules or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Organic  Chemittry,  Chymi'a  organ'ica,  Organo- 
chemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  organized  sub- 
stances,— animal  and  vegetable. 

Animal  Chym'ittry,  Zobch'emy  or  Zooch'ymy, 
Zoochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  substances  af- 
forded by  the  dead  or  living  animal  body.  This 
branch  of  chymistry  has  been  farther  subdi- 
vided into  physiological,  when  it  considers  the 
changes  produced  in  organized  bodies  in  health, 
pathological,  when  it  regards  those  produced 
by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthropochymy, 
Anthropochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  the  human 
body.  Chymistry  is  called  Therapeutical  or 
Pharmaceutical,  Pharmaco-chymi'a,  Chymi'a 
pharmnceu'tica,  when  it  is  engaged  in  the  analy- 
sis of  simple  medicines;  in  improving  the  pre- 
scribing and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galenical 
medicines;  in  the  means  of  preparing  them,  and 
detecting  adulterations,  Ac.  HygiZn'ic  Chym'ittry 
is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of  rendering 
habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the  air  we 
breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of  disease, 
pointing  out  healthy  aliments,  and  appreciating 
the  influence  of  professions,  Ac.  on  the  health  of 
man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with  vege- 
table chymistry,  are,  at  times,  included  under  the 
hoad  of  Medical  Chym'ittry,  Phytochymittry  ;  at 
others,  the  term  comprehends  only  the  Animal, 
Vegetable  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivisions. 

Vital  Chemittry,  Biochymi'a,  is  that  which  is 
executed  under  the  influence  of  vitality. 

A  knowlege  of  chymistry  is  of  great  importance 
to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions  are  of 
a  chemical  nature :  many  diseases  require  a  che- 
mical mode  of  treatment;  and,  without  an  ac- 
quaintance with  it,  two  or  more  substances  might 
be  given  in  combination,  which,  by  forming  a 
chemical  union,  might  give  rise  to  other  com- 
pounds, possessing  very  different  virtues  from  the 
components  taken  singly,  and  thus  the  prescriber 
be  disappointed  in  the  results. 

Chymistrt,  Animal,  see  Chymistry — c.  Hy- 
gienic, see  Chymistry — e.  Medical,  see  Chymis- 
try— c.  Organic,  see  Chymistry — c.  Pharmaceu- 
tic, see  Chymistry — o.  Therapeutical,  see  Chy- 
mistry— c.  Vegetable,  see  Chymistry — c  Vital, 
fee  Chymistry. 

CHYMOCHEZIA,  Coeliae  flux. 

CHYMOPLANIA,(G.)ghymoplanieD,Dys- 


ch  y  m  o  se  n,  from  gopot/j  nice/  and  w>«n»/wander- 
ing.'  A  transposition  of  secretions : — afamily  of  dis- 
eases in  the  classification  of  Fuehs,  which  includes 
icterus,  uroplania,  menoplania  and  galactoplania. 

CHYMORRHCEA,  Cceliao  flux,  Lientery. 

CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin. 

CHYMOSIS,  Chymification. 

CHYMOZEMIA,  Hypercrinia. 

CHYTLEN,  RADIX.  A  cylindrical  root,  bitter 
and  inodorous,  brought  from  China.  It  is  held 
by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic — Murray. 

CHYT'LON,  xvrAo*,  from  %*** '  *  P0™  out'  A 
liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body  after 
bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment 

CIBA'RIUS  PANIS,  'Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour. — Celsus. 

CIBA'TIO.  TropU.  The  taking  of  food.  Is 
Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorporation. 

CIBUS,  Aliment — o.  Albus,  Blancmanger — 
o.  Deorum,  Asafcetida. 

CICATRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRICES  0 VARIORUM,  Stigmata  ova* 
riorum. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cicatrix.  A 
tmall  cica'trix,  Stigma.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  a  small  white  spot,  ealled  the  tread,  chal'ata, 
chala'zium,  observable  at  the  surface  of  a  fecun- 
dated egg.    See  Molecule. 

CICATBISAN'TIA,  Epulot'ica,  Synnlot'ica, 
Apulot'ica,  Catulot'ica,  Ulot!ica.  Remedies  for- 
merly considered  to  be  capable  of  producing  cica- 
trization. 

CICA'TRIX,  Caca'trix,  Ul9,  Ovfc,  from  cacare, 
'to  conceal/  because  it  conceals  the  wound.  (F.) 
Cicatrice.  The  union  of  parts,  which  have  been 
divided.  A  tear  or  formation,  of  a  reddish  colour, 
afterwards  whitish,  and  of  variable  thickness, 
which  takes  place  at  the  surface  of  wounds  or  ulcers 
after  their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may  vary  much  in 
shape,  consistence,  and  thickness.  The  cicatrix 
of  a  bone  is  called  Callus.  A  vic"iout  cica'trix, 
(F.)  Cicatrice  vicicute,  is  one  which  interferes 
with  the  action  of  the  parts  on  which  it  occurs. 
The  tcart  after  small-pox,  are  called  Pits  or  Pock- 
marks,  (F.)  Couhtret  par  la  petite  vtroU. 

Cicatrix  Variola,  Pock  mark. 

CICATRIZA'TION,  Oicatrita'tio,  Epulo'tit, 
Synulo'tit.  The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is 
formed.  Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epider- 
mis, hair,  and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of 
cicatrization. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  Chsarophyllum  odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza  longistylis,  Scandix  odorata. 

CICER  ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer  plant, 
Erebin'thut,  (F.)  Cictrole,  Poit  Chiche.  The 
seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and  used  as  bread  in 
some  countries. 

Cicer  Lens,  Ervum  lens. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARL  Small  pills  of  turpen- 
tine and  cream  of  tartar— of  the  size  of  a  vetch 
or  cicer. 

CICERBITA,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

CIC&R0LE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

CICHO'BIUM  ENDIV'IA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Endive,  Endiv'ia,  Endi'va,  In'tubum, 
In'tybum  (Antiq.),  Scariola,  In'tybut  horten'tit, 
(F.)  Chicorie  det  Jardint,  Scariole.  Family, 
Cichoraoess.  Sex.  Sytt.  Syngeneeia  Polygamia 
squalls.  It  is  a  common  pot  herb,  and  is  eaten 
as  salad. 

Cicho'RITTV  Is'tybub,  Serit,  Seriola,  In'tubum 
erraficum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wild 
Suc'cory,  Wild  Cich'ory,  Cich'ory,  Wild  Endive, 
Ambulei'a,  Heliotro'pion,  Catanan'ci,  Cicho'reum, 
(F.)  Chicorie  tauvage.  It  is  bitter,  and  was  ones 
used  as  a  tonic  The  root,  roasted  and  ground, 
is  often  used  instead  of,  or  mixed  with,  coffee. 


CHICORY,  WILD 


3*9 


CILIARY 


CICHORY,  WILD,  Ciofaorinm  intybus. 

CICI,  Ricinis  communis. 

CICINDE'LA,  Lam'pyris,  Noctil'uea,  Nited'- 
ula.  The  Glow-worm.  (F.)  Ver  luisant.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  to  be  anodyne  tad  lithon- 
triptic. 

CICIS,  see  Quercus  infectoria, 

CIGON'GIUS;  an  ancient  measure,  contain- 
ing  12  pints. 

CICUTA,  Coninm  maculatum. 

Cicu'ta  Aquat'ica,  Cicu'ta  viro'sa,  Cicuta'ria 
aquat'iea,  Corian'drum  cicu'ta.  Water  Hemlock, 
Covobane,  (F.)  Cigue  aquatique  ou  vireuse.  Fa- 
mily, Uinbelliferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digy- 
nia.  A  violent  poison,  often  eaten  by  mistake 
for  Wild  Smallage,  Apium  Graveolens.  It  pro- 
duces tremors,  vertigo,  burning  at  the  stomach, 
and  all  the  symptoms  occasioned  by  the  tfarco- 
tieo-acrid  Class  of  poisons. 

Cicu'ta  Maccla'ta,  (F.)  Cigui  cFAmfrique, 
American  water  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
Snakeweed,  Death  of  man,  Water  parsley,  Poison 
root,  Wild  Hemlock,  Children's  bane,  is  analo- 
gous in  botanical  character  and  medical  proper- 
ties to  the  European  species.  See  Conium  Ma- 
culatum. 

Cicuta  Major,  Conium  maculatum — e.  Major 
foetida,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Stoerkii,  Conium 
maculatum — c.  Terrestris,  Conium  maculatum — 
e.  Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica — c,  Vulgaris,  Conium 
maculatum. 

CICUTARIA,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre  — c. 
Aquatica,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Phellandrium  aquati- 
cum — c.  Odorata,  Chserophyllum  odoratum. 

CIDER,  Poma'ceum,  (F.)  Cidre.  This  word 
is  said  to  hare  been  formerly  written  sidre,  and 
to  have  come  from  Sic* era,  eixtpa,  which  signifies 
any  kind  of  fermented  liquor  other  than  wine. 
It  is  mode  from  the  juice  of  apples,  and,  when 
good,  is  a  wholesome  drink. 

CIDRE,  Cider. 

CIGNUS;  an  ancient  measure,  which  con- 
tained about  two  drachms. 

CIGUE  AQUATIQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica— c. 
<TAmirique,  Cicuta  maculata — c.  d'Eau,  Phellan- 
drium aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  maculatum 
c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum  —  c.  Petite, 
Jithusa  cynapium — c.  Viretue,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

CIL'IA,  Blephar'ides,  Pili  palpebrarum.  The 
eyelashes.  The  hairs  on  the  eyelids.  (F.)  Cila. 
Their  use  seems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance 
into  the  eye  of  light  bodies  flying  in  the  atmo- 
sphere ;  and  to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  in- 
tensity of  light  Also,  the  tarsi  Also,  a  pecu- 
liar sort  of  moving  organs,  resembling  small 
hairs,  vi'bratory  or  vi'bratile  cil'ia,  Cil'ia  vibra- 
to'ria,  (F.)  CiU  vibratils,  which  are  visible  with 
the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These  organs 
are  found  on  parts  of  the  body,  which  ore  habi- 
tually in  contact  with  water,  or  other  more  or 
less  fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion  in  these 
fluids,  impelling  them  along  the  surface  of  the 
parts.  Cilia  have  been  found  to  exist  in  all  ver- 
tebrated  animals  except  fishes,  having  been  dis- 
covered on  the  respiratory  and  uterine  mucous 
membranes  of  mammalia,  birds,  and  reptiles. 

The  terms  "vibratory  motion1'  and  "ciliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  pheno- 
mena exhibited  by  the  moving  cilia;  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the  pro- 
gression of  fluids  along  the  membranes.  As  yet, 
the  motion  has  been  observed  only  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  outlets  of  canals. 

CILIAIRE,  Ciliary. 

CIX'IARY,  Cilia' He,  (F.)  Ciliaire.  Relating 
to  the  eyelashes,  or  to  cilia.  This  epithet  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  different  parts,  which  enter 


into  the  structure  of  the  eye;  from  the  resem- 
blance between  some  of  them  {the  ciliary  pro* 
cesses)  and  the  eyelashes. 

Ciliary  Ar'trries,  Arts' ria  cilia'res,  (¥.)Ar- 
tire*  ciliaires.  These  are  furnished  by  the  oph- 
thalmic artery.  They  are  distinguished  into  V 
Short  or  posterior  (Art.  uviales — Chanss.)  30  or 
40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  the  ciliary 
processes.  2.  Long,  (Art.  Iriennes  of  Chans*.,) 
two  in  number,  which,  by  the  anastomoses  of 
their  branches,  form  two  arterial  circles  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  irjs :  and,  3.  The  anterior, 
Arte'ria  cilia'res  anterio'res  of  Haller,  the  num- 
ber of  which  is  variable.  These  pierce  the  scle- 
rotic a  few  lines  from  its  union  with  the  cornea; 
and  are  principally  distributed  to  the  iris. 

Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  Cilia'ri,  Nexus  Stamin'- 
eus  Oc'ulx,  Coro'na  Cilia'ris,  Ciliary  Disc,  (F.) 
Corps  ciliaire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surround- 
ing the  crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown ; 
placed  behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It 
resembles  the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  ciliary  processes. 
See  Ciliary  Muscle. 

Ciliary  Cakal,  Canal  of  Fonta'na.  A  small, 
extremely  narrow  circular  space,  formed  between 
the  ciliary  circle,  the  cornea,  and  the  sclerotica. 
It  can  be  filled  with  injection,  and  it  is  not  cer- 
tain that  it  is  not  the  cavity  of  a  blood-vessel. 

Ciliary  Circlr,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Disc, 
Ciliary  body — o.  Ganglion,  Ophthalmic  ganglion. 

Ciliary  Lig'ament,  C.  Circle  or  Ring,  Liga- 
men'tum  sen  lnstertit"ium  cilia'ri,  L.  Pridis, 
Plexus  cilia'ris,  An'nulus  sou  Cir'culus  sen  Or- 
bic'ulus  cilia'ris,  A.  cellulo'sus,  Com'missure  of 
the  Uvea,  Commissure  de  la  ChorcUde, —  (Ch.,) 
(F.)  Ligament  ou  Cercle  ciliaire,  Cercle  de  la 
Choroide,  Ceinture  blanche  de  la  Chorotde.  A 
species  of  greyish  ring,  of  a  pulpy  consistence, 
situate  between  the  choroid,  iris,  and  sclerotica. 
The  internal  surface  of  the  choroid  is  uniform, 
until  it  approaches  within  ten  lines  and  a-half  of 
the  edge  of  the  cornea;  here  a  dentated  line  is 
observed,  termed  ora  serra'ta.  The  outer  surface 
presents  the  an'nulus  al'bidus  seu  gangliform'iet 
the  anterior  edge  of  which  unites  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  cift- 
ary  ligament. 

Cil'iary  Margin  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the 
eyelids ;  (F.)  Bord  ciliaire.  The  edge  in  which 
the  cilia  or  eyelashes  are  situate. 

Ciliary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

Ciliary  Muscle,  lifts' cuius  cilia'ris.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  greyish, 
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the  ciliary 
ligament  and  covering  the  outside  of  the  ciliary 
body.  By  its  contraction  the  ciliary  processes, 
and  with  them  the  lens,  must  be  drawn  towards 
the  cornea.  It  appears  to  be  the  same  muscle  as 
the  Tensor  choroxdeas  or  choroid  muscle  of  seme 
anatomists. 

Ciliary  Nerves  (Nerfs  Iriens, — Chauss.)  (V  ) 
Nerfs  ciliaires.  These  are  12  to  16  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  pnrticu- 
larly  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion;  and  unite  in  two  fasciculi,  which 
pass  around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce  the  scle- 
rotica near  the  entrance  of  that  nerve  into  tho 
eye.    They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  ligament 

Ciliary  Plexus,  C.  Ligament 

Ciliary  Pnoc"  esses,  Processus  cilia'ret, 
Rad'ii  seu  Stria  cilia' res,  Rayons  sous-iriens — 
(Ch.,)  (F.)  Procis  ciliaires.  Triangular  folds, 
sixty  or  eighty  in  number,  placed  at  the  sido  of 
each  other,  and  radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the 
disk  of  a  radiated  flower.  They  ore  lodged  in 
depressions  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  rftroouit 


CILIATED 


*0« 


CINCHONA 


humour.     The  uses  of  these  processes  are  not 
known. 

Ciliary  Ring,  Ciliary  ligament 
Ciliary  Stria  are  numerous,  pale,  radiated 
•true  in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Corpus  cili- 
are,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmentum  nigrum  as 
not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  removed. 
The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by  these  striae. 
Ciliary  Veins,  (P.)  Femes  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortico'sa.  They  open  into 
the  ophthalmio  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zona  sen  Zo'nula  Cilia'ris, 
Jfembran'ula  Coro'na  Cilia'rit.  Under  the  cor- 
pus ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous  humour 
sends  off  an  external  lamina,  which  accompanies 
the  retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it,  into  the  fore- 
part of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a  little  before  its 
anterior  edge.  This  is  the  Zonula  ciliaris,  Zo- 
nula Zin'nii  or  Zonula  of  Zinn,  Coro'na  CiHa'- 
rw,  Orbic'ulua  Cilia'ris.  It  is  of  a  striated  ap- 
pearanco  and  circular  form,  and  assists  in  fixing 
the  Ion  8  to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CIL'IATED,  Cilia' tuMf  from  cilia.    Provided 
with  cilia — as  "ciliated  epithelium,"  the  epithe- 
lium to  which  vibratory  cilia  are  attached. 
CILLEMENT,  Nictation. 
CILLO.    A  name  given  by  some  authors  to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous ; — a  trembling,  whioh  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life'*  blood.    "  To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.    Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'ais. 
CILLOSIS,  Cillo. 

CILS,  Cilia— c.  Vibratilt,  see  Cilia. 
CIMEX,  Koris,  tcopis,  Cimex  lectula'rius.    The 
Wall  or  Home  or  Bed  Bug  or  Chinch*.     (F.) 
Punaise.  Six  or  seven  of  these,  given  internally, 
are  said  to  have  prevented  ague  !      There  is 
scarcely  any  thing  which  is  sufficiently  disgust- 
ing, that  has  not  been  exhibited  for  this  purpose, 
and  with  more  or  less  success.    The  bug  has  also 
been  esteemed  emmenagogue. 
CIMICIFUGA,  Aetna  racemosa, 
CIMO'LIA  PURPURES'CENS,  Terra  Sapo- 
na'ria,  Terra  Fullon'ica,  Fuller's  Earth.    A  com- 
pact, bolar  earth,  employed  in  tho  arts.     Used  at 
times  as  a  cooling  application  to  inflamed  nip- 
ples, Ac. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Oimo'lia  alba,  Smectis,  Smec- 
tris,  Cimo'lus;  from  KiuuXos,  an  island  in  the 
Cretan  Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  astringent,  Ac.  —  Scribonius  Largus, 
Pliny.     Probably,  the  same  as  tho  last 

CINA  CINA,  Cinchona — c  Levantica,  Arte- 
misia Santonica. 

CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINA  BARIUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CIN'ABRA,  Orasus.  The  smell  of  a  he-goat 
A  rank  smell,  like  that  of  the  armpit,  Hircus 
ala'rum.  • 

CIN^DIA,  Masturbation. 
CINARA  HORTENSIS,  Cynara  scolymus— «. 
Boolymus,  Cynara  Scolymus. 

CINCHO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinchon,  who 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  1638, 
Called  also  Cortex  sea  Pulvis  Jesuit' icus,  Jesuit's 
Bark  or  Powder,  Cortex  Patrum,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits ;  and  also 
Pulvis  Oomitis'sa  or  the  Countess's  Powder,  and 
Cardinal  del  Lugo'*  Powder,  Cortex  Cardina'lis 
de  Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome.  It 
b  the  pharmacopoeia!  name  of  several  kinds  of 
barks  from  various  species  of  Cinchona,  from 


the  western  coast  of  South  America.  Nat.  Order, 
Cinohonaoese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogy- 
nia.  Called,  also,  Cortex,  Bark,  Peruvian  Bark, 
English  Remedy,  Cortex  China,  Corttx  China 
Regius,  China,  Chinchi'na,  Palos  de  Calentura, 
Kina  Kina,  (Bark  of  Barks,)  Kinki'na,  Cina 
Cina,  Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Magnum  Dei 
donum,  (F.)  Quinquina. 

Cincho'nje  Caribjc'js  Cortex,  from  Exoe- 
tem'ma  Cariba'um,  Cariba'an  Bark ;  Saint  Lu- 
cia Bark,  (F.)  Jacorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quin- 
quina Piton,  from  Exoste'ma  Jloribund'um  ;  and 
the  Pitaya  Bark,  Quinquina  bi'color,  from  an 
exostemma  (?)  or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina  (?), 
are  useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru. 
These  are  the  most  important  spurious  barks. 
'They  contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

Cinchon je  Cordifo'lijb  Cortex,  Cortex  JIavus, 
Cinchona  officinalis  cortex  JIavus,  Yellow  Bark, 
Calisay'a  Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  jaune  ou  jaune 
royal,  Calasaya.  Odour  aromatic ;  taste  strong, 
bitter,  astringent  Not  rolled;  often  without  the 
epidermis,  which  is  very  thick  and  inert;  light, 
friable ;  fracture  fibrous.  Active  principle  Quinia. 
Cinchonje  Lancifo'lias  Cortex,  Cortex  Peru- 
via'nus,  Cortex  pal'lidus,  Cinchona  officinalis 
cortex  commu'nis,  Cinchona  pallida,  Pale  Bark, 
Loxa  Bark,  Croum  Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  gris  de 
Loxa,  Quinquina  Orange.  Its  odour  is  aromatic; 
taste  pleasant,  bitter,  and  astringent  The  pieces 
are  rolled  in  double  or  single  quills.  Epidermis 
brown,  cracked;  fracture  resinous.  Internally 
of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its  active  principle  is 
Cinchonia. 

Cinchona  Oblokgito'lls  Cortex,  Cortex 
ruber,  Cinchona  officinalis  cortex  ruber,  Red 
Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina,  rouge.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  more  intense :  in  large 
fiat  pieces,  solid,  heavy,  dry ;  fracture  short  and 
smooth;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al- 
though this  variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
Cinchona  oblongifolia  by  some,  it  would  seem, 
that  nothing  is  certainly  known  as  to  its  source. 
Active  principles,  Cinchonia  and  Quinia. 

The  last  three  are  the  only  officinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  There 
are  many  other  varieties,  however,  which  are 
genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  yet  have  not  been 
considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position.  The 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed,  Cin- 
chona cinerea,  Grey  bark,  Silver  bark  or  Uuanuco 
barkt  which  is  obtained  around  Huanuoo  in  Peru, 
and  belongs  to  the  class  of  pale  barks.  Amongst 
the  genuine  but  inferior  barks  are  those  brought 
from  the  northern  Atlantic  ports  of  South  Ame- 
rica, which,  in  commerce,  are  variously  called 
Carthagena,  Maracaybo  and  Santa  Martha  barks. 
All  these  barks  are  bitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  bark  has 
been  thought  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  but  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  discovery 
of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant gifts  of  modern  chymistry.  Still,  in  per- 
nicious intermittents,  the  bark,  in  substance,  is 
often  demanded.  It  is  employed  in  every  disease 
in  which  there  is  deficient  tone,  but  in  cases 
where  the  stomach  is  much  debilitated,  the  pow- 
der had  bettor  be  avoided  in  consequence  of  the 
woody  fibre,  which  might  disagree.  Externally, 
it  is  used  in  cnemata,  gargles,  Ac,  and  in  gan- 
grenous ulcerations.  When  it  excites  nausea,  an 
aromatic  may  be  added  to  it;  if  purging,  opium; 
if  costiveness,  rhubarb,  Ac  Dose,  £m  to  3j  or 
more. 

Essential  Salt  of  Bark,  as  it  is  called,  is 
an  extract,  prepared  by  macerating  the  bruised 
substance  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitting 
the  infusion  to  a  rery  slow  evaporation. 


CINCHONIA 


207 


CIRCULUS 


CiscHoifA   Omens  aim   (Cortbz   Flatto,) 

Cinchonte  cordifoliss  oortex— c  Pallida,  Cinchon© 

lanoifolise  cortex — o.  of  Virginia,  Magnolia  glauca. 

CINCH  ON  I  A,  Cinchonine— c  Tannate  of, 

Quins  et  cinchonia  tannas. 

CINCH'ONINE,  Cinckoni'na,  Oinchonin,  Cin- 
cho'nia.  The  active  principle  of  Cincho'na  Ian- 
ei/i/lia.  An  organic,  crystalline  alkali;  of  a 
white  col  oar,  and  bitter,  slightly  astringent  taste; 
very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  bat  almost  in- 
soluble in  water. 

Sulphate  of  Cinchonia,  which  is  formed  directly 
from  cinchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cinchonia  is  similar 
to  that  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia;  but  it  is  less 
energetic,  and  consequently  requires  to  be  given 
in  a  larger  dose. 

CivcnoNixv,  Tartrati  or,  see  Quinine,  tar- 
trate of. 
CINCHONISM,  Quininiwn. 
CINCIN'NULUS.  A  little  lock  or  curl  of  hair. 
CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  friuled  lock.  The 
hair  on  the  temples. 

C  INC  LI  CIS,   Oinclie'mue,  'agitation;    rapid 
and  frequent  motion/    The  movement  of  the 
thorax  in  dyspnoea. — Hippocrates.     It  has  been 
used,  also,  synonymously  with  nictation. 
CINCLISMUS,  Cinclisis. 
CINEFACTIO,  Incineration. 
CINE' MA,   Cine'sie,  from  Ktvtw,  'I  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERARIA  M ARITIMA,  Achaovan,  Abiat 
CINERES   CLAVELLATI,   see  Potash  —  c. 
Gravellati,  see  Potash  —  c  Russici,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  Cineritious. 
CINERIT"IOUS,  Ciner'eue,  from  cineree, 
'ashes;'   (F.)  Cendri.    Of  the  colour  of  ashes. 
The  cortical  substance  of  the  brain,  and  the  vesi- 
cular nenrino  in  general,  have  been  so  called. 
See  Cortex  Cerebri,  and  Neurine. 
CINESLS,  Cinema,  Motion. 
CINETH'MICS,  from  «<»*»,  'I  move.'    The 
science  of  movements  in  general. 
CINETIC,  Motory. 

CINET'ICA.    Same  etymon.    Diseases  affect- 
ing the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irregular 
action  of  the  muscles  or  muscular  fibres,  commonly 
denominated  Spaem.    The  3d  order  in  the  class 
Neurotica  of  Good.     Also,  agents  that  affect  the 
voluntary  or  involuntary  motions. — Pereira. 
CINETUS,  Diaphragm. 
CINGULARIA,  Lycopodium. 
CIN'GULUM,  Zone,  from  cingo,  'I bind.'  (F.) 
Ceintnre.    A  cincture.    A  girdle.    The  part  of 
the  body,  situate  below  the  ribs,  to  which  the 
girdle  is  applied.     The  waist. 

Cin'qclum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'nula  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Ceinturc  dc  Hildane.  A  leathern  girdle  formerly 
used  for  tho  reduction  of  luxations  and  fractures 
of  the  extremities. 

Cin'oullm  Mercuria'lE,  C.  Sapien'tia,  C. 
ShtltW'ia.  A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mercu- 
rial ointment  It  was  used  as  an  antisyphilitic, 
and  in  diseases  of  the  skin.  (F.)  Ceintnre  de  vif 
nrgent. 
Cingulum  Sanoti  Joanicib,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
CINIS  F^CUM,  see  Potash— o.  Infectorius, 
tee  Potash. 

CINNABARI8,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum  —  c.  GraB  coram,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Album,  Canella  alba — o.  Aromaticum,  see  Laurus 
dnnamomum — c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilawan — 
c  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Magellanicum, 
Wintera  aromat*ca — o.  Malabaricum,  Laurus  cas- 
sia—  c  Zeylanioum,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 


CINNAMON,  see  Lauras  cinnamomum— e. 
Malabar,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Wild,  Laurus  cassia. 
CINON'OSI,  from  tctvw,  'I  move,'  and  »•««*, 
'  a  disease.'    Diseases  of  motion. 

CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  *ivtm,  'I  move,'  and 
vXanrw,  'a  wandering  about'  Irregularity  or* 
motion. 

CINQTJEFOIL,  Potentilla  reptans— c.  Marsh, 
Comarum  palustre — c.  Norway,  Potentilla  Nur- 
vegica. 

CINZILLA,  Herpes  zoster. 
CION,  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  Wvula.  Also,  tumefaction,  or 
elongation  of  the  uvula;  Staphylodial'yeis. 

CIONI'TIS,  from  nwif, '  the  uvula/  and  tYit, 
'inflammation.'      Inflammation    of   the    uvula, 
Uvuli'tie. 
CIONORRHAPHIA,  Staph yloraphy. 
CIOT'OMY,  Ciotom'ia,  Cionot'omy,  Cionotoin'ia, 
from  Kiu>v>  '  the  uvula,'  and  row,  '  incision.'    Ex- 
cision of  the  uvula  when  too  long. 
CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot 
CIRCJ2A,  Atropa  mandragora,  Circaoa  Lute- 
tiana. 

Circe'a  Lutetia'ka,  Circa'a,  Parie'ian  Cir- 
ca'a,  from  Circe,  the  enchantress;  Enchant1  erf 
Nightshade,  (F.)  Hcrbe  de  Saint  Etimne,  Herb* 
anx  Sorciere.   This  plant,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  was  formerly  considered  to  be  resolvent 
and  vulnerary.     It  was  also  supposed  to  posses* 
wonderful  magical  and  enchanting  properties. 
CIRCINUS,  Herpes  xoster. 
CIRCLE,  Circulus  —  c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment—  c.  of  Willi?,  see  Circulus. 
CIRCOCELE,  Cirsocele. 
OFRCONCISION,  Circumcision. 
CIRCONFLEXE,  Circumflexus. 
CIRCOXSCRIT.  Circam scribed. 
CIRCONVOLVTION,  Convolution. 
CIRCUIT,    Circu'itue;    in   pathological   Ian- 
guage,  generally  means  'period,'  'course.' 
CIRCUITUS,  Period,  Circuit. 
CIR'CULAR,    Circula'ri»f   from   circtdne,   'a 
circle.'     (F.)  Circnlaire,     Having  the  form  of 
a  circle ;  as  Circular  Amputation,  Ac. 

The  French  use  the  expression  "line  circn* 
lairc,"  for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part 
Circular  Sixus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius. 
CIRCULATION,  Circula'tio,  Cyclophor'ia, 
Periodu*  sanguinis,  from  circuits,  '  a  circle ;'  or 
rather,  from  circum,  'around/  and  ferre,  latum, 
'to  carry.'  (F.)  Circulation.  Physiologists  give 
this  name  to  the  motion  of  the  blood  through  the 
different  vessels  of  the  body — »anguimotion  ; — to 
that  function,  by  which  the  blood,  setting  out 
from  {he  left  ventricle  of  the  heart,  is  distributed 
to  every  part  of  the  body  by  the  arteries ;  —  pro- 
ceeds into  the  veins,  returns  to  the  heart,  enters 
the  right  auricle,  and  passes  into  the  correspond- 
ing ventricle,  which  sends  it  into  tho  pulmonary 
artery  to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs,  whence  it  • 
issues  by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and  passes  into 
the  left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent  into  the  left 
ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by  means  of 
the  arteries. 

Circula'tioic,  Cap'illart,  C.  dee  Parenchymee, 
is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capillary  vessels ; 
and  is,  in  some  measure,  independent  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart     Sco  Capillary  Vessels. 

Circulation,  Pulmonic  or  lesser,  is  the  cir- 
cle from  the  right  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart  by 
the  lungs.  —  The  greater  or  systematic-  or 
bystex'ic,  is  that  through  the  rest  of  the  system. 
CIRCULATOR,  Charlatan. 
CIR'CULATORY,  Circulato'Hue ;  same  ety- 
mon as  circulation.    Relating  to  the  circulation 
as  of  the  blood ; — eanguimo'tory. 
CIR'CULUS.    A  circie  or  ring,  Oyclue.  Of 


CIRCtTMAGBNTES 


208 


CIRS0MPHALU8 


riot,  CF.)  Oercle.  Any  part  of  the  body  which  in 
round  or  annular,  as  Cir'adus  Oc'uli — the  globe, 
btdt,  or  orb  of  the  ey*.— Hippocr.,  Galen.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no  means  form 
a  circle, — as  to  the  Circle  of  Willie,  Cir*  cuius 
arteriosus  Willis1  ii,  which  is  an  anastomotic  circle 
at  the  base  of  the  brain,  formed  by  the  anterior 
and  the  posterior  cerebral  arteries  and  the  com- 
municating arteries  of  Willis. 

&RCULU8  Arteriosus  I'ridis.  The  artery 
which  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

Circulus  Arteriosus  Willisii,  Circle  of  Wil- 
lis, see  Circulus  —  c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament — 
c  Membranosus,  Hymen. 

Circulus  Quad'ruplbx  ;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancients. 

Circulus  Tonsillaris.  A  plexus  formed  by 
the  tonsillitie  branches  of  the  glossopharyngeal 
noire  around  the  base  of  the  tonsil. 

Circulus  Veno'sus,  Figu'ra  veno'sa,  Vena  sen 
Sinus  termina'U*.  The  venous  circle  in  the  em- 
bryo, which  bounds  the  Area  Vascuhsa  or  Vascu- 
lar  Area, 

CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eye. 

CIRCUMCAULALIS  MEMBRANA,  Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision  —  o.  Fcamina- 
tum,  see  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMCIS'ION,  Circumcis'io,  Posthefomy, 
Pracis'io  seu  Abscis'io  Prtepu'tii,  Circumcisu'ra, 
Oircumsec'tio,  Perit'ome,  from  circnm,  'around/ 
and  cadere,  'to  cut'  (F.)  Circoncieion.  An  an- 
cient oporation,  performed  by  some  nations  as  a 
religiouB  ceremony.  It  consists  in  removing  cir- 
cularly a  portion  of  the  prepuce  of  infants ; — a 
custom,  which  was  probably  suggested  with  a 
view  to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of  extraordinary 
length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected  with  disease, 
the  operation  is  sometimes  undertaken  by  sur- 
geons. A  similar  operation  is  performed,  amongst 
the  Egyptians,  Arabians,  and  Persians,  on  the 
female,  Circumcis'io  fcemina'rum,  by  removing  a 
portion  of  the  nyinphss,  and  at  times  the  clitoris. 

CIRCUMCISURA,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMDUCTS,  Pcrisphalsis. 

CIRCUMDUCTIONS  OPIFEX,  Obliquns 
suporior  oculi. 

CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex* us,  from  circum, 
'around/  and  Jlexus.  'bent/  (F.)  Circonjlexe. 
Curvod  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex  or  Artic'ular  Ar'teriks  of  the 
arm  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and  are  dis- 
tributed around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  op  the  Thigh  are  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  internal, — A.  Sous- 
trochantfrienncs — Ch.  They  are  given  off  from 
the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  Circnmflexus  izWcii/w«, 
Tensor  Paln'ti,  Peristaphyli'nns  exter'nus  vel  i»- 
ferior,  C'rcttmflcx'us  Pala'ti  Mollis,  Spheno-sal- 
pingo-etaphyli'nus  seu  Staphyli'nus  exter'nus, 
Mus'cu^us  tuba  nova,  Pala'to-salpingeus,  Pter1- 
ygo  -  staphyli'nus,  Petro  -  salpin'go  -  staphyli'nus, 
iipheno  -pter'ygo  -palati'nus,  Salpingo  -  staphyli'- 
nus, (F.)  Palato-salpingien.  A  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid 
bone,  and  is  inserted  into  the  velum  pendulum 
palali.    It «  use  is  to  stretch  the  velum. 

Circumflex  Nerve.  This  arises  from  the 
brachial  plexus  by  a  common  trunk  with  the 
mnsculo-spiral  nervo.  It  divides  into  numerous 
branches,  which  aro  distributed  to  the  deltoid. 

Circumflex  Veins  follow  the  arteries. 

CIRCUMFORANEUS,  Charlatan. 


CIRCtTMFTJ'SA.  Halle*  has  thus  designated 
the  first  class  of  subjects  that  belong  to  Hygiena 
—  as  atmosphere,  climate,  residence,  Ac;  in 
short,  every  thing  which  acts  constantly  on  man 
externally  and  generally. 

CIRCUMGYRATIO,  Vertigo. 

CIRCUMLIGATURA,  Paraphimosis. 

CIRCUMLIT"IO,  from  circumli no,  '  I  anoint 
all  over.'  Perieh'risis,  Periehris'ton.  A  term 
formerly  used  for  liniments,  but  especially  for 
those  applied  to  the  eyelids. 

CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 

CIR'CUMSCRIBED,  Circnmscrip'tus,  (Y.)Gir- 
consent.  A  term  applied,  in  pathology,  to  tu- 
mours, which  are  distinct  at  their  base  from  the 
surrounding  parts. 

CIRCUMSECTIO,  Circumcision. 

CIRC  UM VALLATE  PAPILLAE,  see  Papilla 
of  the  Tongue. 

CIRE  JAUNE  ET  BLANCHE,  Cera  ilavs, 
et  alba — c.  dee  Oreilles,  Cerumen. 

CIRIOS,  Circulus.  \ 

CIHON,  Acarus,  Psora. 

CIRRHAGRA,  Plica— c.  Polonorum,  PKea, 
,  CIRRHON'OSUS ;  from  irippoj,  'yellow/  and 
voovs,  'disease/  A  disease  of  the  foetus,  in  which 
there  is  a  yellow  coloration  of  the  serous  mem- 
branes.— Siebenhaar. 

CIRRHOSE  DU  FOIE,  Cirrhosis. 

CIRRHO'SIS,  Cirrhono'sis,  Kirrhono'sis,  from 
Ktppos,  'yellow.'  A  yellow  colouring  matter, 
sometimes  secreted  in  the  tissues,  owing  to  a 
morbid  process.  Also,  called  Cirrho'sie  or  Kir- 
r  ho' sis. 

Cirrho'sis  Hbp'atis,  see  Hepatatrophia. 
Oran'ulated,  gran'nlar,  mam'millated,  tuber'cH- 
lated,  and  hob-nailed  liver,  (F.)  Cirrhose  du  Foie. 
It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  repletion  of  the 
terminal  extremities  of  the  biliary  ducts  with 
bile,  along  with  atrophy  of  the  intervening  pa- 
renchyma. Hence  the  liver  is  smaller  in  size,  or 
atrophied. 

Cirrhosis  Hepatis,  see  Cirrhosis. 

Cirrhosis  of  the  Lung,  Cirrho'sis pulmo'nvm. 
Dr.  Corrigan  has  described  a  condition  of  the 
lung  under  this  name,  the  general  character  of 
which  he  considers  to  be  a  tendency  to  consoli- 
dation or  contraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue, 
with  dilatation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Cirrhosis  Pulmoxum,  C.  of  the  Lung. 

CIR'SIUM  ARVEN'SE,  Car'duus  hemorrho- 
Ida'lis,  Ceano'thos,  (F.)  Chardon  hemorrhoidal. 
A  common  plant,  used  in  France  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids;  and  worn  as  an 
amulet 

CIRSIUM  MACULATUM,Carduusmarianns. 

CIRSOCE'LE,  Circoce'li,  Cirsos'chevm,  from 
Ktpcos,  'ran'jr/  and*ijXi7,  'hernia/  Var'icose Her1- 
ma.  The  greater  part  of  authors  have  employed 
the  term  synonymously  with  Varicocele.  Pott 
gives  it  a  different  signification.  Varicocele,  he 
calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the  scro- 
tum j  Circoccle,  Funic'ttlus  varico'sus,  the  vari- 
cose dilatation  of  the  spermatic  veins.  The  scro- 
tum feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.  It  is 
commonly  an  affection  of  no  consequence,  de- 
manding merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory  bandage. 

CIRSOI'DES,  Cirso'des,  from  Kipeos,  *  varix,' 
and  titos,  '  resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling 
a  varix.  Rufus  of  Ephesus,  according  to  James, 
applies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain, 
as  well  as  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

CIRSOM'PHALUS,  from  jctperoj,  'varix/  and 
o/i^aXof,  '  navel.'  Varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins 
surrounding  the  navel.  The  term  has,  likewise, 
been  applied  to  the  anenrismal  dilatation  of  th« 
arteries  of  that  region  ,*  called  also,  Varicompk'- 
alus,  (F.)  Hargne  anHrysnaU,  AuewrismalHermm* 


OIESOPHTHALMIA 


209 


CITRUS 


CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  CirsopKthaVmut,  Te- 
langiectasia oeuli,  from  Cipro*  '  varix/  and  e+- 
&Aii9f,  'the  eye;'  Var'ieose  ophthalmia,  Oph- 
thalmia varico'sa,  Varicos'itas  conjunctiva.  A 
high  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the  vessels 
of  the  conjunctiva  are  considerably  injected. 

CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsoccle. 

CIRSOT'OMY,  Cireotom'ia,  from  Ktpvt,  'a 
'varix/  and  nun,  'an  incision/  Any  operation 
for  the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 

CIRSUS,  Varix. 

CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  «pw,  'va- 
rix,' 'vStap,  *  water/  o*xtov,  the  '  scrotum/  Vari- 
cocele with  water  in  the  scrotnm. 

CISEAUX,  Scissors. 

CISSA,  Malocio. 

CISSAMPELOS,  Pareira  brava. 

Cissam'pelos  Capen'sis,  Nat.  Ord.  Menisper- 
mace«,  grows  in  almost  every  mountainous  part 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  is  used 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic  by  the  Boers. 

CISSARUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 

CISSFNTJM,  from  kiovos,  'ivy/  Name  of  a 
plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the  nerves  or 
tendons. — Poulus  of  JEgino. 

CISSOIDES,  Capreolaris. 

CISSOS,  Iledera  helix. 

CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  Receptaculnm  chylL 

CISTER'NA,  from  war*,  (L.)  Cista,  'a  chest' 
(F.)  Citerne.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  va- 
rious parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  different  fluids.  The  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain  has  been  so  called. — Arantius. 

Cistkrva  Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CISTIIORUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 

CISTOCELE,  Cystocelo. 

CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Helianthemnm  Ca- 
nadensis. 

Cistus  Cre'ticus,  0.  salvifo'lius  sen  tau'ricus, 
Cis'thorus,  Cis'sarus,  Dorycin'ium,  Qum  Cistus. 
.Sex.  Sgst.  Polyandria  Monogynio.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  plant  whence  the  Labda'num, 
Labda'mcn  or  Lada'num,  Oum'mi  Labda'num,  is 
obtained.  Lada'num  is  a  gum-resinous  substance, 
of  a  very  agreeable  smell,  found  in  the  shops  in 
great  masses.  Its  colour  is  blackish-green;  taste, 
warm  and  bitter.  It  is  but  little  used  now.  For- 
merly, it  was  a  component  of  warm  plasters,  and 
was  prescribed  internally  as  a  stomachic.  Lada- 
oam  is  also  obtained  from  Cistus  ladanif'erus, 
and  C.  laurifo'lius. 

Cistcs,  Gum,  Cistus  Creticus  —  o.  Salvifolius, 
C.  Creticus — o."  Tauricus,  C.  Creticus. 

CITERNE  L  0MB AIRE,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CITHARUS,  Thorax. 

CITRAGO.  Melissa. 

CITRARIA,  Melissa. 

CITRAS  CIIINICUS,  Quiniso  citras. 

CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medico. 

CITRE0LU£,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CITRIC  ACID,  Acidum  cit'ricum,  Acid  of  Le- 
mons, Ac"idum  Limo'num,  (F.)  Acide  citrique. 
This  acid  is  found  in  the  lemon,  orange,  Ac.  It 
is  in  rhomboids!  prisms,  which  slightly  effloresce 
on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  dissolves  in  a  twelfth 
part  of  its  weight  in  boiling  water,  and  has  an 
extremely  acid  but  agreeablo  taste.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  medicine  as  antiseptic,  refrigerant  and 
diuretic.  Rubbed  up  with  sugar  and  with  a  little 
of  the  essence  of  lemon,  it  forms  the  dry  Lemon- 
ade, (F.)  Limonade  eiche. 

CITRINE  OINTMENT,  TJnguentum  hydrar- 
gyri  nttratis. 

CITRON,  see  Citrus  medico— o.  Tree,  see  Ci- 
trus medico. 

CITRONELLS,  Artemisia  abrotanum,  He- 


14 


CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  CucurMta  eitrullif. 

CITRULLUS,  Cucurbit*  citrullus. 

Citrullu8  Am  a 'r  us.  An  African  plant,  Not, 
Ord.  Cuourbitacea,  called  by  the  Boers  Bitter- 
appel  or  Wild  Watermelon,  the  pulp  of  which, 
like  that  of  colocynth,  is  a  drastic  cathartic. 

Citrullus  Coloctnthis,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

CITRUS,  see  Citrus  medico  — c.  Acida,  see 
Lime. 

Citrus  Auran'tifm.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A.  Iliepalen'ei, 
Mains  Auran'tia  Major,  Maine  Auran'tia,  Auran'- 
tium vulga'ri,  Maine  Auran'tia  vulga'ris,  Ci'true 
vulga'ris.  Nat.  Ord.  Aurantiacese.  Sex.  Sgst. 
Polyadelphia  Icosandria.  The  fruit  are  called 
Mala  Au'rea,  Chrysome'lia,  Neran'tia,  Martia'na 
Poma,  Poma  Auran'tia,  Auran'tia  Curaeeav'ica, 
Poma  Chinen'sia,  Orange*.  The  Flowers  of  the 
Orange,  F lores  Naph&,  are  highly  odoriferous, 
and  used  as  a  perfume.  On  distillation,  they 
yield  a  small  quantity  of  essential  oil  —  O'leum 
Auran'tii,  Oleum  vel  Eeeen'tia  Nero'li, —  with 
spirit  and  water,  the  Aqua  Florum  Auran'tii, 
Aqua  aurantii,  Orange-flower  water.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptio  cases.  The 
leaves,  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish  taste, 
and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have  been 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers.  The 
yellow  rind  of  the  fruit.  Cortex  Auran'tii,  Orange/ 
Peel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is  used  in  dys- 
pepsia, and  where  that  class  of  remedies  is  re- 
quired. The  Juice,  Sueeue  Auran'tii,  Orange 
juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as  a  beverage 
in  febrile  and  scorbutic  affections. 

Citrus  Berg  a  mi  a,  Citrus  mella  rosa — c.  Li- 
metta,  see  Citrus  mella  rosa. 

Citrus  Med'ica,  C.  Limo'num.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon,  Limo'num 
malum,  Limo'num  Bacca,  Maine  Med'ica,  Maine 
Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea  Maine,  Citrue, 
(F.)  Citron,  Cidrat,  has  a  fragrant  odour,  depend- 
ing upon  the  essential  oil,  O'leum  Limo'nie,  of 
the  rind.  The  outer  rind,  Cortex  Limo'num, 
Lemon  Peel,  Zeet,  Flave'do  Corticum  Oitri,  is  used 
in  the  some  coses  as  the  Cortex  Auran'tii. 

The  juice,  Succue  Limo'nie,  (F.)  Suedu  Limon, 
Sue  de  Citron,  is  sharp,  but  gratefully  acid,  the 
acidity  depending  upon  the  citric  acid  it  con- 
tains, and  is  given  as  a  refrigerant  beverage 
in  febrile  affections.  In  doses  of  half  an  ounce 
to  an  ounce,  three  times  a  day,  it  has  appeared 
to  exert  a  markedly  sedative  influence  on  the 
circulation,  and  has  been  given,  apparently  with 
benefit,  in  acute  rheumatism  and  rhcumatio  gout. 
Alone,  or  combined  with  wine,  it  is  prescribed  in 
scurvy,  putrid  sore  throat,  Ac.  Its  general  pro- 
perties are  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Sweetened 
and  diluted,  it  forms  Lemonade.  Artificial  lemon- 
iuice  is  mode  by  dissolving  an  ounce  of  citric  acid 
in  fourteen  fluidounces  of  water;  adding  a  few 
drops  of  essence  of  lemon. 

Lemonpeel  tea,  or  water,  is  made  by  paring  the 
rind  of  one  lemon,  previously  rubbed  with  half  an 
ounce  of  sugar:  the  peelings  and  sugar  are  then 
put  into  a  jar,  and  a  quart  of  boiling  venter  it 
poured  over  them.  When  cold,  the  fluid  must  be 
poured  off,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  lemon  juice  be 
added. 

It  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  fevers. 

Cit'ron  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species  —  Cit'rus  Med'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  cedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  succu- 
lent than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when  sweot- 
ened  with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians  Agrm 
di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mella.  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  anothee 


CTTTA 


210 


CLAVUfl 


witty  of  Oitrmt  Medico,  affords  the  Bergamote, 
aj  also  do  Citrus  IAmet'ta  and  C.  Berga'mia. 

Citrus  Vulgaris,  Citrus  aarantium. 

PITTA,  Malacia. 

CITTARA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
swings  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the  sea. 
Th<y  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  Their  temperature  is  100° 
Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS,  Hedera  helix. 

CITTOSIS,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 

CIVETTA,  Zib'ethum,  Civ'et,  (P.)  Civette.  An 
unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating;  odour, 
obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the  Viver'ra 
kind,  particularly  from  Viver'ra  eivet'ta.  It  is 
contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin,  situate  between 
the  anus  and  the  organs  of  generation. 

CLABBER,  Bonnyclabber. 

CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 

CLADES  GLANDULARIA,  Plague. 

CLADLSCOS,  Ramusculus. 

CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

Clado'nia  Ranoipkr'rina.  The  ancients  re- 
garded this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and  sto- 
machic. It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
Poudre  de  Chupre. 

CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Virgil' ia,  Yel- 
low Ash,  Fustic  Tree,  Yellow  Locust,  An  indi- 
genous tree,  which  flourishes  from  Kentucky  to 
Alabama.  The  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  roots 
are  cathartic. 

CLAIRET,  Claret. 

CLAIRVOYANCE  (P.),  'Clear-seeing.'  A 
clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  by 
animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  enables  the 
magnetized  persons  to  see  in  the  dark,  through 
stone  walls,  Ac,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 
whilst  he  may  fancy  he  is  flying  in  the  air,  which 
ho  has  never  seen  previously.  It  need  hardly 
be  paid,  that  the  possession  of  such  powers  is 
fabulous. 

CLAMMT  WEED,  Polanisea  graveolens. 

CLAMOR,  Cry. 

CLANGOR,  Oxyphonia. 

CLAP,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

CLAPIER  (F.),  A  clapper,  Latib'ulum,  from 
«\t7rrtivt  'to  conceal.'  A  purulent  foyer  of  dis- 
ease ,*  concealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  the  skin. 
See  Sinus. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanohe  Americana. 

CLA  Q  UEMENT,  Odontosynerisinus. 

CLAR'ET,  (  Vin  clair  [  ?  ]),  Clare'tum,  Vin  de 
Dordeaux,  (F.)  ClaireL  A  pleasant  French  wine, 
whioh  may  be  used  whenever  wine  is  required. 
Also,  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice  and  sugar, 
called  likewise  Vinum  Hippocrat'icum  sen  Medi- 
ca'tum,  Potus  Hippocrat'icus,  Hip'pocras,  Hyp'- 
pocras.  Schroder  speaks  of  a  Clare' turn  alterant, 
and  a  C.  purgans. 

CLARETA,  Albumen  ovL 

CLARETUM,  Clarot 

CLARIFICATION,  Clarifica'tiot  Depura'tion, 
from  clarus,  'clear,'  and  facio,  'I  make.'  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  whioh  consists  in  separating 
from  a  liquid  every  insoluble  substance,  held  in 
•suspension  by  it,  that  affects  its  transparency. 
■Decanting  and  filtering  are  the  operations  neces- 
sary for  this  purpose. 

CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  solarea. 

CLASIS,  Fracture. 

CLASMA,  Fracture. 

CLASS,  Clos'sis,  (P.)  Clone.  An  assemblage 
of  a  certain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural  His- 
tory and  in  Medicine,  a  group  of  objects  or  indi- 
viduals having  one  or  more  common  characters. 
TLo  aas*es  are  divided  into  order*,  the  orders 


into  genera,  the  genera  into  species,  and  those  lait 
into  varieties. 

CLASSIFICATION,  Classified  txoy  from  classic 
'a  class,'  and  focio,  '  I  make.'  The  formation  of 
classes.  A  methodical  distribution  of  any  objects 
whatever  into  classes,  orders,  genera,  species,  and 
varieties.     See  Nosography,  and  Nosology. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Classy 
is  near  Laon  in  Picardy,  France.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication  —  o.  Anatica, 
Vac  ill  alio. 

CLAUDICATION,  Claudica'tio,  from  claudi- 
care,  *  to  be  lame.'  The  act  of  halting  or  limp- 
ing. Lameness,  Clau'ditas,  Cholo'sis,  Choi  ex' a, 
Cholo'ma,  (F.)  Claudication,  Boitement.  This 
condition  does  not  constitute  any  special  disease, 
but  is  produced  by  different  causes  or  affections. 
It  may  be  the  result  of  the  shortening  or  elonga- 
tion of  one  of  the  lower  limbs,  of  ankylosis  of 
the  joints,  palsy  of  the  muscles,  pain,  Ac 

CLAUD  IT  AS,  Claudication. 

CLAUSTRUM  GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces  —  c.  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati — c. 
Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

CLAUSU'RA,  from  claudere,  'to  shut'  An 
imperf oration  of  any  canal  or  cavity. 

Clausu'ba  Uteri.  Preternatural  imperfora- 
tion  of  the  uterus. 

CLAVA  MYOSA,  Acorus  calamus. 

CLAVALIER  A  FEUILLES  DE  FR&NE, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOl'DES,  Corallotdes 
Fungus,  Coralwort.  Said  to  be  corroborant  and 
astringent.  A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  (F.)  Digital 
blanc,  Digital  humain,  Champignon  de  I'oppareil 
J  des  fractures,  formed  of  digitations,  grouped  to- 
gether, and  two  or  three  inches  in  length,  is  said 
to  have  been  often  found,  formerly  at  the  H6tel 
Dieu  of  Paris,  on  the  splints  of  white  wood  used  in 
the  treatment  of  fractures,  in  autumn. — H.CloqucL 

CLAVATIO,  Gomphosis. 

CLAVEAU,  Murr. 

CLAVEL$E,  Murr. 

CLAVES  CALVARIJE,  Wormiana  Ossa. 

CLAVICLE,  Clavic'ula,  Clavis,  Clavic'ulus, 
Lig'ula,  Fur'cula,  Os  Jug'uli,  Jug'ulum,  Cleis, 
Clei'dion,  from  clavis,  'a  key,'  (P.)  Clavicwle. 
The  collar-bone.  The  clavicle  is  shaped  like  the 
letter  S,  and  is  placed  transversely  at  the  upper 
part  of  the  thorax.  It  is  articulated,  at  one  ex- 
tremity, with  the  sternum ;  at  the  other  with  the 
acromion  process  of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attach- 
ment, above,  to  the  Sterno-cleido  mastoiditis;  be- 
lowt  to  the  Subclavius ;  before,  to  the  Pectoralis 
major  and  Deltoides;  and  behind,  to  the  Trape- 
zius. It  serves  as  a  point  of  support  for  the 
muscles  of  the  arm,  and  protects  the  vessels  and 
nerves  passing  to  that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamella)  or  plates  of 
bones,  have  also  been  called  Clavie'uli  or  Nails. 

CLAVICULAR,  Clavicula'ris;  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  the  clavicle  or  collar-bone. 

Clavicular  Nerves,  Nervi  clavicula're*. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  clavicular  region. 

CLA  VICULE,  Clavicle. 

CLAVICULI,  see  Clavicle. 

CLAVIS,  Clavicle,  Key— c.  Anglica,  Key. 

CLAVUS.  A  nail.  Helos,  Gomphos,  (F.) 
Clou.  This  word  is  employed  in  medicine  in 
various  senses.  It  means,  1.  A  Corn,  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  head  of  a  nail.  2.  Certain 
condylomatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.  3.  A 
callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white  of  the 
eye,  and  resembles  a  noil,  the  Clarus  Oc'uli,  (P.) 
Clou  de  Vail.    This  last,  by  some,  is  considered 


0LKAN6INGS 


211 


CLIMATE 


to  be  synonymous  with  staphyloma;  by  others, 
with  staphyloma  of  the  cornea.    Also,  the  penis. 

Clay  us  Hystericus,  Monopa'gia,  Jfonopc'- 
gia,  (F.)  Clou  hytSrique.  An  acute  pain,  con- 
fined to  a  small  point  of  the  head,  described  by 
the  siok  as  resembling  that  which  would  be  pro- 
duced by  a  nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has 
been  particularly  noticed  in  hysterical  females; — 
hence  its  name.  It  is  ealled  Ovum  hytter'icutn, 
when  the  pain  occupies  a  greater  extent.  < 

Clavcs  Sec  all*  us,  Ergot — o.  Secalis,  Ergot — 
*  e.  Siliginis,  Ergot. 

CLEANSINUS,  Lochia. 

CLEAR43EEIXQ,  Clairvoyance. 

CLEAKWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

CLEAVAGE;  from  Anglo-Saxon  cleoran,  'to 
•plit.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by  certain  substances,  as  minerals,  when  sub- 
jected to  mechanical  force.  The  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  separation  of  muscles  into  longitu- 
dinal and  circular  striae,  when  mechanical  violence 
is  used. 

CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparine. 

Cleavers'  Bees,  Galium  aparine. 

CLEAVEWORT,  Galium  verum. 

CLEF  DU  CRANE,  Wormianum  os  —  c.  de 
Garengeot,  Key — c  d  Noix,  see  Key — c  d  Pivot, 
see  Key — c.  d  Pompe,  see  Key. 

CLEFT,  Rima,  see  Monster — c  Palate,  see 
Harelip. 

CLETDAGRA,  Cleisagra. 

CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 

CLEIDO-COSTAL,  Costo-clavicnlar. 

CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS.  Albinus  thus  de- 
signates the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus,  which  he  considers  a  separate  muscle. 
It  has  been  corrupted  into  clino-tnattoideui. 

CLE  IS,  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  CUid'agra,  from  «>«*,  'the 
clavicle/  and  aypa,  'a  seizure/  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. — A.  Par6. 

CLEMATIS  DAPHNOIDES  MAJOR,  Vinca 
minor— o.  Corymbosa,  C.  erecta. 

Clem'atis  Erect' a,  C.  recta  sen  flam'mula 
seu  corymbo'ea,  Clemati'tie  erec'ta,  Flam'mula 
Jovie,  Upright  Virgin' '»  Bower,  (F.)  CUmatite 
droite.  Family,  Ranunculaceas.  Sex.  Syrt.  Po- 
lyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves  contain  an  acrid 
principle.  They  have  been  esteemed  anti-vene- 
real ;  and,  in  the  form  of  powder,  have  been  used 
as  an  escharotio. 

Clematis  F^aithttla,  C  erecta — c  Recta,  C. 
erecta — e.  Sepium,  c.  Vitalba. 

Clematis  Vital'ba,  C.  ee'piwn  sen  tylvei'trie, 
Vital' ba,  Vior'na,  Atra'geni,  Traveller* •  Joy, 
Common  Virgin'*  Bower,  (F.)  CUmatite,  Herbe 
aux  gueux,  Aubevigne.  It  nas  been  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  former.  In  infusion  it  has 
been  applied  in  cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  Crispa— c.  Flammula, 
meet -scented  Virgin1 'e  bower — c.  VlRGill'iCA, 
common  Virgin'*  bower  —  and  c.  VioaitA,  Leo- 
ther-flower,  have  similar  properties. 

CLJSMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba—  c.  Droite, 
Clematis  recta. 

Clematttis  Erecta,  Clematis  erecta. 

CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'IUM.  A  collyrium  de- 
scribed by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parte  of 
Samian  earth,  myrrh,  and  thus,  mixed  with  white 
of  egg. 

Clboxis  Gluten.  An  astringent  formula  of 
myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA,  from  irAarrw,  'I  oonceal/  and 
'  water/    An  instrument  contrived  by  Pa- 
i  to  convey  fumigation  to  the  uterus. 

CLEPTOMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLEVBS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    This 


spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Clevcs,  in 
Westphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIFO'LIA.  Nat.  Ord. 
RosaceaB.  A  common  South  African  plant,  used 
by  the  Boers  as  an  emollient  expectorant  in  ca- 
tarrh. 

CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  vicinity  of 
Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 
the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England ;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter  re- 
sidence, in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  invalids. 
It  is,  also,  a  favourable  summer  climate,  and  is 
surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agreeable  re- 
sort, suited  for  those  who  may  pass  the  season 
there. 

For  the  mineral  waters  of  Clifton,  see  Bristol 
Hot  Well. 

CLWNEMENT,  Nictation,  Scardamygmns. 

CLIQNOTEMENT,  Nictation. 

CLIMA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Glimacter'icu*,  Climater'i- 
cue,  from  ffAi/iaxnrp,  'a  step.'  (F.)  ClimacUrique 
ou  Climatirique.  A  word,  which  properly  signi- 
fies 'by  degrees/  It  has  been  applied  to  certain 
times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present,  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  oertain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pu- 
berty in  both  sexes :  that  of  the  cessation  of  the 
menses  in  women,  Ac. 

Climacteric  Years,  Anni  Climacter'ici,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  ticpten'ni- 
ade.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years,  re- 
sulting from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odd 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli- 
macterics ;  others,  again,  have  extended  them  to 
multiples  of  9.  Most,  however,  have  considered 
the  63d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric;  —  63 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9,  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  three, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted, 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the  body ; 
so  that  there  was,  at  these  times,  in  the  economy, 
none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had  previously  con- 
sisted. The  climacteric  years  have  also  been 
culled,  (Anni)  hebdomad'ici,  tcala're*,  grada'rii, 
scan' tiles,  genethliaci,  natalitf'ii,  fata' let,  crit'ici, 
deereto'rii,  hero' id,  Ac.  All  the  notions  on  the 
subject  are  essentially  allied  to  the  doctrine  of 
numbers  of  Pythagoras. 

CLIMATE,  Clima,  Inclina'tio  cceli,  (F.)  Cli- 
mat,  Gr.  xXtfia,  'a  region.'  In  geography,  the 
word  climate  is  applied  to  a  space  on  the  terres- 
trial globe,  comprised  between  two  circles  paral- 
lel to  the  equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  the  days.  In  a  hygienic 
point  of  view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since 
Hippocrates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may 
differ  from  another  in  respect  to  season,  qualities 
of  the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  Ac.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embraces,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  oiroumstances  belonging  to  each  region, 
—circumstances  which  exert  considerable  influ- 
ence on  living  beings.  The  dark  complexion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone  is  easily 
distinguishable  from  the  paleness  of  those  of 
the  frigid,  —  so  are  the  diseases.  They  are  all 
modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate  or  locality. 
Hot  climates  predispose  to  abdominal  complica- 
tions in  febrile  affections;  cold  climates  to  tho- 
racic, Ac 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations  with 
regard  to  climates  is  their  comparative  fitness  for 
the  residence  of  invalids,  and  especially  of  those 


CLIMATB 


212 


CLIMATB 


who  are  liable  to,  or  Buffering  under  catarrhal  or 
consumptive  affections.  The  great  object,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate  which  will  ad- 
mit of  regular  and  daily  exercise  in  the  open  air, 
bo  that  the  invalid  may  derive  every  advantage 
which  this  form  of  revulsion  is  capable  of  effect- 
ing. To  an  inhabitant  of  the  northern  and  mid- 
dle portions  of  the  United  States — and  the  same 
applies  to  Great  Britain,  France,  and  the  north- 
ern parts  of  the  old  world — a  more  southern  cli- 
mate alone  affords  these  advantages  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.  During  the  summer  months,  there 
are  few,  if  any,  diseases,  which  require  a  milder 
olimate  than  that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
milder  districts  of  Europe.  The  temperature  of 
the  winter  months  is,  consequently,  the  most  im- 
portant object  of  attention.  Equability  of  tem- 
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all  sudden 
changes  interfere  with  the  great  desideratum — 
exercise  in  the  open  air.  In  the  whole  continent 
of  North  America  the  changes  are  very  sudden 
and  extensive.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range 
to  be  40°,  between  two  successive  days.  So  far, 
therefore,  as  this  applies,  the  American  olimate 
is  not  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
southern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 


objection  is  counterbalanced  by  many  adVan. 
tages. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  mean  tempe- 
rature of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  seasons— 
with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and 
coldest  months  at  different  places  in  America, 
Europe,  Africa,  Ac,  as  deduced  from  the  excel- 
lent paper  of  Von  Humboldt  on  Isothermal  Lines, 
the  Meteorological  Registers  kept  by  the  surgeons 
of  the  United  States  army,  the  work  of  Sir  James 
Clark  on  Climate,  Ac. 

Certain  of  the  tables  show  the  mean  monthly  * 
temperature,  maximum,  minimum  and  range,  as 
well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean*daily  range 
during  the  corresponding  months — but  of  diffe- 
rent years — at  some  of  the  prominent  retreats  for 
the  valetudinarian  in  Great  Britain,  on  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe,  and  in  the  African  islands.  It 
is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that  in  no  situa- 
tions, except  in  those  to  which  an  asterisk  is 
affixed,  was  the  register  thermometer  used.  In 
the  others,  the  observations  were  made  during 
the  day  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers 
given  are  far  below  the  real  range  throughout 
the  twenty  four  hours.  The  places  are  ranged  in 
the  order  of  their  mean  temperature. 


Table  or 

Maximum 

,  MnraruM,  and  Rabqb 

of  Temperature. 

Places. 

December. 

January. 

Febrdart. 

March. 

April. 

Max. 

Mia. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Rang* 

Max. 

Mia. 

Ranee 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Mb. 

Raaje 

Sidmouth* 

54 
56 
56 
57 
59 
60 
61 
68 

25 
34 
25 
32 
40 
31 
34 
52 

29 

22 
31 
25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 
54 
56 
53 
58 
58 
58 
69 

21 
28 
21 
27 
27 
29 
29 
50 

26 
26 
35 
26 
31 
29 
29 
19 

52 
55 
60 
55 
58 
60 
60 
68 

27 

33 
35 
30 
37 
33 
31 
51 

25 
22 
25 
25 
21 
27 
29 
17 

56 
59 
65 
58 
65 
65 
69 
69 

26 

34 
35 
35 
41 
37 
38 
51 

30 
25 
30 
23 
24 
28 
31 
18 

60 
62 
71 
64 
69 
74 
78 
72 

31 
36 
43 
41 
46 
44 
43 
55 

29 
26 

28 
23 
23 
30 
35 
17 

Penzance* 

Pau 

Montpellier  .--*-..». 

Nice 

Rome 

Naples 

Madeira.*  •****...». 

Table  or  Meait  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

ArftL. 

Sidmouth 

43.00 
46.50 
41.53 
46.00 
48.60 
49.62 
50.50 
60.50 

36.30 
43.00 
38.89 
42.00 
45.85 
47.65 
46.50 
59.50 

42.00 
44.50 
44.96 
45.00 
49.00 
49.45 
48.50 
58.50 

45.00 

46.50 

46.80     * 

47.00 

51.45 

52.05 

62.00 

61.06 

51.00 
48.50 
55.79 
53.  00 
67.00 
56.40 
67.00 
62.60 

Penzance , 

Pau • 

Nice 

Madeira 

Table  or  Dailt  Raicgb  or  Temperature. 


Places. 


Sidmouth.. 
Penzance . . 

Pau 

Montpellier 

Nice 

Rome 

Naples 

Madeira*. . 


December. 


i> 


3 
7 
9 
6 
9 
9 
11 


o 

13 

13 

14 
16 
13 
14 


January. 


It 


4 
7 
8 
8 

11 
9 

11 


13 

16 

16 
16 
14 
17 


February. 


6 
9 
9 
9 
10 
11 
9 


12 

16 

13 
18 
19 
13 


March. 


8 
9 
14 
9 
12 
11 
10 


I 

12 

17 

17 
19 
18 
14 


April. 


9 
8 

14 
11 
13 
14 


I 

13 

18 

18 
20 
20 
IS 


CLIMATE 


113 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA,  Ac 


Placss. 


Latitude. 


perature  of 
several 
yean. 


Mean  lemperatnre  of  different  ■ 


Sprinf. 


i  Mmm  teinparertiro  of 
"i    Warmest 


ColdeM 
■oath. 


Nain 

Fort  Brady,  Mioh... 

Quebec,  L.  C. 

Bastport,  Me 

Fort  Howard,  Mioh*. 
Fori  Crawford,  Miss. 
Cambridge,  Mass..  • . 
Council  Bluffs,  Miss. , 

Newport,  R.  L 

Philadelphia 

New  York , 

Cincinnati .  • 

Monticello,  Ya. 

Washington,  D.  C... 
Smithville,  N.  C. . . . 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Natchez,  Miss 

Pensaoola,  Flor. 

SL  Augustine,  do. . . . 

Tampa  Bay,     do.... 


Vera  Cruz.. 
Havana  ... 


Bahamas  . 


Barbadoes  . 
Cumana . . . 


57°.08' 
46  .39 
46.  47 
44  .54 
44  .40 
43  .03 
42  .21 
41  .25 
41  .30 

39  .56 

40  .40 
39  .06 

37  .58 

38  .53 
34  .00 
32  .47 
31  .34 
30  .28 
29  .48 
27  .57 

19  .11 
23  .10 

26  .40 
to 

27  .5 
13  .10 
10  .27 


26°.42' 
41  .37 

41  .74 

42  .44 

44  .60 

45  .52 
50  .36 

50  .82 

51  .02 
53  .42 
53  .78 

63  .78 
65  .40 
55  .56* 
58  .88 
60  .18 

64  .76 
68  .77t 
72  .23 
72  .37 

77  .72 

78  .08 

78  .8* 

79  .3 
81  .86 


0°.60 
14  .09 
14  .18 
23  .44 
20  .82 
23  .76 
33  .98 
27  .38 
38  .82 
32  .18 
29  .84 
32  .90 
37  .67 
36  .80 
53  .44 
61  .09 
48  .56 
55  .13 
69  .29 
61  .24 

71  .96 
71  .24 

71. 

76  .7 
80  .24 


23°.60 

37  .89 

38  .04 
38  .58 
41  .40 
43  .09 
47  .66 
46  .38 
46  .87 
51  .44 
51  .26 
54  .14 
54  .67 
53  .83 

64  .76 
66  .73 

65  .48 
69  .67 

71  .47 

72  .93 

77  .90 

78  .98 

77. 

19. 
83  .66 


48°.38 
61  .83 
68  .00 
60  .54 

68  .70 

69  .78 

70  .70 

72  .84 
68  .70 

73  .94 

79  .16 

72  .86 

73  .33 
75  .90 

80  .46 
80  .89 

79  .16 
82  .57 

82  .73 

80  .14 

81  .50 

83  .30 

83. 

81. 

82  .04 


33°.44 
43  .94 
46  .04 

45  .43 

46  .18 
46  .74 
49  .82 
48  .60 

63  .83 
56  .48 
54  .50 

64  .86 
56  .50 
56  .69 

68  .15 
67  .55 
66  .02 

69  .05 

75  .15 

76  .26 

78  .62 
78  .98 

80. 

80. 
80  .24 


61°.80 

62  .87 
73  .40 

63  .52 

73  .67 

71  .34 

72  .86 
75  .92 
71  .46 
77  .00 
80  .78 

74  .30 

75  .00 
79  .13 
82  .93 

82  .81 

79  .70 

83  .55 
83  .94 

80  .72 

81  .86 

83  .84 

90. 

84  .38 


11°.20 

12  .65 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 
20  .14 

29  .84 
27  .19 
32  .14 
32  .72 
25  .34 

30  .20 
36  .00 
34  .66 
50  .69 
49  .43 
46  .94 
53  .80 
56  .60 
58  .70 

71  .06 
69  .98 

64. 


79  .16 


St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  38°  W.     Mean  temp.  59°  .8a     New  Harmony.  Lat.  38°  IK    Mean  temp.  50°  .74 
New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°.    Mean  temp.  09°  .01.    Baton  Rouge,  Lat.  30°  .96'.    Mean  temp.  68°  .07. 
Jamaica,  coast,  Mean  temp.  80°  .6. 


2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA,  Ac 


Places. 


Latitude. 


Mean  tern* 

pentare  of 

several 

yeans 


Mean  temperatore  of  different  seasons. 


Mean  temperature  of 


"Wl 


oath. 


Coldest 
month. 


Geneva. .......... 

Oosport 

Newport,  Isle  of  Wight 

Sidmouth 

Penzance 

Undercliff 

Hastings 

Bate 

Core  of  Cork. ..... 

Jersey 

Paris 

Pan 

Sienna 

Nantes 

Bordeaux 

Montpellier  •  • 

Avignon 

Florence 

Nice 

Marseilles 

Toulon 

Leghorn 

Genoa 

Pisa 

Rome 

Naples 

SL  Michaels,  Azores 
Cadiz 


Madeira,  Fnnchal. . . . 

Algiers 

Canaries,  Santa  Crnz. 
Cairo. 


48°.12' 

48  .1 
50  .40 

52  .11 

50  .52 
55  .42 

51  .54 

49  .13 
48  .60 
43  .7 

43  .24 
47  .13 

44  .50 
43  .36 

43  .46 
43  .42 
43  .17 
43  .07 

43  .33 

44  .25 
43  .43 
41  .53 
40  .54 
37  .47 
36  .32 

82  .87 
36  .48 
28  .28 
30  .02 


49°.28' 

50  .24* 

51  .00 

52  .10 
51  .80 
51  .11 
57  .00 
48  .25 
61  .58 

53  .06 
61  .08 
54.95 
55  .60 

55  .62t 

56  .48 

57  .60 

58  .20 

59  .00 
59  .48 
59  .50t 

59  .90 

60  .00$ 
60  .37 
60  .60 

60  .40 

61  .40 

62  .40 
62  .88 

64  .56 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


London,  Lat.  51°  .30'.  Mean  temp.  50°  .36. 
Perpignan,  Mean  temp.  59°  .54. 
Nlsmes.  Mean  temp.  60°  £6. 


34°.70 
40  .44 
40  .31 
40  .43 
44  .03 

42  .14 

40  .11 

39  .62 

43  .90 

43  .82 
38  .66 

41  .79 

40  .50 

42  .23 
42  .08 

44  .20 

42  .60 
44  .30 

47  .82 
46  .50 

43  .30 
46  .30 

44  .57 
46  .03 

45  .86 

48  .50 

57  .83 
52  .90 

59  .50 
61  .52 
64  .65 

58  .46 


47°.66 
47  .63 

49  .00 

50  .66 
49  .63 
29  .26 

45  .77 

46  .66 

49  .43 

50  .97 
49  .28 
54  .96 
54  .10 
53  .10 

56  .46 
63  .33 

57  .13 
56  .00 

56  .23 

57  .56 
53  .70 

57  .60 

58  .60 
57  .20 

57  .74 

58  .50 

61  .17 

59  .53 

62  .20 
65  .66 
68  .87 
73  .58 


64°.94 

62  .00 

63  .09 

63  .83 
60  .70 
60  .28 

60  .45 
58  .02 

61  .26 

62  .84 

64  .58 

67  .41 
70  .80 
70  .73 

70  .88 

71  .30 
74  .66 
74  .00 

72  .26 
72  .50 
74  .30 
74  .10 

74  .03 

75  .15 

75  .20 
70  .83 

68  .33 
70  .43 

69  .83 
80  .24 

76  .68 
85  .10 


60°.00 

50  .88 

51  .63 
53  .50 

53  .36 

52  .76 
51  .00 
48  .59 
51  .73 

54  .63 
51  .44 

55  .64 
57  .10 

56  .41 
56  .30 
61  .30 

59  .00 

60  .70 

61  .63 
60  .08 
69  .00 

62  .00 
62  .94 
62  .80 
62  .78 
64  .50 
62  .33 

66  .35 

67  .28 
72  .50 
74  .17 
71  .42 


66°.56 


34°.16 


65  .30 


70  .52 
7*3  .04 


36  .14 


39  .02 
41  .00 


77  .00 


82  .76 
85  .82 


42  .26 


60  .08 
56  .12 


Environs  of  London,  Mean  temp.  48°  .81. 
Lyons,  Mean  temp.  55°  .76. 


CLIMATERIC 


214 


CLONTJS 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  favourable  re- 
gion for  the  phthisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
— ©specially  of  Pensacola.  St  Augustine  is  fre- 
quently chosen,  but  it  is  liable  to  north-east 
storms,  which  interfere  with  the  out-door  move- 
ments of  the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source 
of  much  discomfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often 
been  derived  from  it  as  a  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantio  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best  adapted 
for  the  consumptive,  and  those  affected  with 
chronic  bronchitis.  In  Italy,  Rome,  and  Pisa, — 
and  in  England,  Torquay  and  Undercliff,  are  to 
be  preferred.  Chronic  rheumatism  and  gout  are 
beuefited  by  a  warm  climate,  which,  again,  is  un- 
favourable to  those  who  are  predisposed  to  cere- 
bral diseases,  especially  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terized by  debility  and  mobility  of  the  nervous 
system — as  paralysis,  epilepsy,  mania,  Ac.  Hypo- 
chondriasis and  dyspepsia  require  rather  change 
of  climate  and  travelling  exercise  than  a  sojourn 
in  any  one.  (See  the  Author's  Unman  Health, 
Philad.  1844.) 

For  the  mortality  of  different  countries  and 
cities,  see  Mortality. 

CLIMATERIC,  Climacteric. 

CLIMATIC,  Climat'icus.  Belonging  to,  or 
dependent  upon  climate. 

Climatic  Diseases,  Morbi  climafici,  are  such 
as  are  caused  by  climate. 

CLIMBER,  WOODY,  Ampelopsia  quinque- 
folia. 

CLINE,  xXivn,  'a  bed.'    Hence : 

CLINIATER,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIATRIA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINIATRUS,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIC,  see  Clinique. 

CLINIC  A,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icu&,  (F.)  C Unique,  from 
Khvn,  'a  bed.'    Relating  to  a  bed. 

Clinical  Lecture,  (F.)  Lecon  C Unique.  One 
given  at  the  bed-side,  or  on  a  particular  case  or 
cases. 

Clinical  Med'icine,  Cliniatri'a,  Clin' ica,  Clin' - 
id,  (F.)  Midecine  clinique.  That  which  is  occu- 
pied with  the  investigation  of  diseases  at  the 
bed-side,  or  individually. 

Clinical  Physician,  Clinia'ter,  Clinia'trus. 
One  who  teaches  clinical  medicine. 

CLINICE,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINICUM,  Clinique. 

CLINIQUE (F.),  Clinical.  Clinique, Clin' icum, 
is  also  used  substantively,  for  £cole  Clinique  or 
Clinical  School:  a  school  in  which  medicine  is 
taught  by  examining  diseases  on  the  patients 
themselves.  Thus,  the  French  say, — La  Clinique 
de  la  Charite" :  "  The  Clinical  School  of  the  Hos- 
pital La  Chariti"  The  term  has  been  intro- 
duced into  this  country,  and  anglicised  Clinic. 

CLINODES,  Clinoid. 

CLINOID,  ClinoVdes,  Olino'des,  ClinoVdeus, 
from  kXivti,  'a  bed/  and  udoc,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling a  bed. 

Clinoid  Proc"rbses,  (F.)  Apophyses  clinoldes, 
are  four  processes  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compared  to  the 
posts  of  a  bed.  On  them  the  pituitary  gland 
rests.  They  are  divided  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. Each  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Transverse  Spinous  Proem. 

CLINOIDEUS,  Clinoid. 

CLINOPODIA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

CLINOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C.  vnlgare  — 
o.  Majus,  0.  vnlgare. 

Cltxopo'dium  Vuloa'rF,  from  Khvn,  'abed,' 
and  irovtt  *  foot,'  so  called  from  the  shape  of  its 
flowers,  Clinopodium  arven'si  seu  maim,  Oc"y- 
mum  sylvestri,  Thymus  sylvat'icus,  Wild  Basil, 
(P.)  Grand  Basilic  sauvaqe.    A  European  plant, 


which  was  formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote 
to  the  bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate 
labour,  relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  Ac 

CLIQUETIS,  Crepitation. 

CLISEOM'ETER,  Clisiom'eter,  from  «Xi«j, 
'inclination,'  and  fttrpov,  'a  measure.'  An  in- 
strument, intended  to  measure  the  degree  of  in- 
clination of  the  pelvis  and  to  determine  the  rela- 
tion between  the  axis  of  the  pelvis  and  that  of 
the  body. — Osiander,  Stein. 

CLITBUR,  Arotium  lappa. 

CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  r>«ro/>.*,  <  cli- 
toris,' and  Kapxtvwfta,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
clitoris. 

CLIT0RIDE8  INFERIORES  LATI  ET 
PLANI  MUSCULI,  Constrictores  cunni. 

CLIT'ORIS,  from  kXijtwp,  'a  servant  who  in- 
vites guests.'  (?)  Bulce'do  Amor' is,  Venus,  Myr- 
ton,  Mnrton,  Murtum,  (Estrum,  Penis  mulie'bris 
seu  famineus,  if  en' tula  mulie'bris,  Membrum 
tnulie'bri,  Superla'bia,  Cerco'sis,  ffypoder'mis, 
Nympha,  Nymphi,  Epider'rhis,  Libi' dim's  Sedes, 
Tunic'ula,  Crista.  A  small,  round  organ,  situate 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  vulva,  and  separated  by 
a  small  space  from  the  anterior  commissure  of 
the  labia.  Its  base  is  surrounded  by  a  slight  fold, 
similar  to  the  prepuce ;  and  it  is,  internally,  of 
the  same  structure  as  the  corpora  cavernosa  penis. 
The  artery  of  the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Clitorienne,  is 
a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The  vein  com- 
municates with  the  internal  pudic,  and  the  nerve 
with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM,  Clitoris'mus.  A  word,  invented 
to  express  the  abuse  made  of  the  clitoris.  Also, 
an  unusually  large  clitoris,  Cerco'sis  extern'a  sea 
Clitor'idis,  Cauda'tio. 

CLITORI'TIS,  Cliloriti'tis,  from  «X«ro£tf, 
'  clitoris,'  and  itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  clitoris. 

CLITORITITIS,  Clitoritis. 

CLITORIUM,  Vulva. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Cloaquc,  from  k\v&,  'I  wash.' 
The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the  intestinal  ca- 
nal, in  which  the  solid  and  liquid  excretions  are 
commingled  in  birds,  fish  and  reptiles.  In  the 
male,  it  gives  exit  to  the  excrements,  sperm  and 
urine :  in  the  female,  to  the  eggs,  focal  matters, 
and  urine. 

CLOANX,  Orpiment. 

CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE,  (F.)  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CLOISON,  Septum  — e.  des  Fosses  nasaUs, 
Septum  narium  —  c.  Transparente,  Septum  ln- 
cidum. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icus,  from  k\ovos,  'agitation,' 
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxation  J 
in  contradistinction  to  Ionic,  which  signifies  a 
constant  rigidity; — Clonus,  Clon'ici partia'les. 

Cloxio  Spasm,  see  Spasm. 

CLONICI  UNIVERSALES,  Synclonus. 

CLONIQUE,  Clonic 

CLONIS,  Sacrum. 

CLONISM,  Clonis'musj  same  etymon.  Clonio 
spasm. — Baumes. 

CLONO'DES,  from  k\ovqs,  'agitation/  and 
tioss,  'resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  applies 
this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive,  as  it 
were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the  sensation 
it  communicates  to  the  finger  to  that  produced 
by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  rods  in  vibration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c  Hydro- 
phobia, Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synclonus— c.  Nictitatio,  Nictation 
— c.  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pandiculatio,  Pan- 
diculation—c.  Pandiculatio  maxillaruin,  Yawning 


CLOPEMANIA 


215 


COALITION 


«— e.  Singultus,  Singultus — e.  Sternutatlo,  Sneez- 
ing—  e.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLOPORTES  OR  DIN  AIRES,  Onisci  aselli. 

CLOSE-STOOL,  Lasanum. 

CLOT,  Coagulum  —  c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR,  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING,  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY,  Grumo'8u9,  (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com- 
posed of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clams,  Fumn cuius — c.  Hytfrique, 
Clavus  hystericus  —  c.  de  VCEil,  Clavus  oculi. 

CLOUDBERRIES,  Rubus  chamaemorus. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,  Rubus  chamamo- 
rus. 

CLOVE,  see  Eugenia  caryopbjllata — c.  Bark, 
Me  Myrtus  caryophyllata —  a  Pink,  Dianthus 
caryophyllus  —  o.  July  flower,  Dianthus  oaryo- 
phyllus. 

CLUBFEET,  KyUosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium  —  e.  Common,  Ly- 
eopodium  complanatum  —  c.  Fir,  Lycopodium 
selago —  c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUNES,  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA,  from  Clunes,  'the  nates.'  Proc- 
talgia, Procti'tU,  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.— Vogel. 

CLUNIS,  Sacrum. 

CLUPEA  THRYSSA.  The  YeUoto-hilled 
Sprat;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLUTIA  ELUTERIA,  Croton  coscarilla, 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYPEALTS  (Cartilago.)    Thyroid  cartilage. 

CLYSANTLIUM,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSIS,  Clysmiis.  Same  etymon  as  clyster. 
The  application  of  a  clyster.  Washing  out  by 
means  of  a  clyster. 

CLYSMA,  Clysis,  Clyster,  Enema— c  Toni- 
cum,  Enema  foetidum. 

CLYSMA'TlON,  same  etymon  as  clyster.  A 
diminutive  of  clvsma.     A  small  clyster. 

CLYSMUS,  Clysis,  Enema, 

CL  YSOIRE,  (F.)  An  apparatus  for  adminis- 
tering enemata,  consisting  of  along  funnel-shaped 
tube  of  elastic  gum,  furnished  with  a  pipe  at  the 
apex. 

CL  YSOPOXPE,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSTER,  Clg&te'rium,  Clyma,  Encly'ma, 
Clyemus,  En'ema,  Lavamen'tum,  from  ic\v$tt»,  'to 
wash.'  (F.)  Clyetire,  Lavement,  Remade,  A  li- 
quid, thrown  into  the  large  intestines  by  means 
of  a  syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe  properly  pre- 
pared, Ac;  the  nozzle  of  the  syringe  or  pipe 
neing  introduced  into  the  anus.     See  Enema. 

Clyster,  Anodyne,  Enema  anodynum  —  c. 
Common,  Enema  commune — c.  Domestic,  Enema 
commune  —  c.  Fetid,  Enema  foetidum  —  c.  Pipe, 
Elasma — e.  Purging,  Enema  catharticum —  c. 
Starch  and  opium,  Enema  anodynum — c.  Tobac- 
co, Enema  tabaci  —  c  Turpentine,  Enema  tere- 
binthiniB  —  o.  Uterinus,  Sparallium. 

CL  YSTERE,  Enema. 

CNEME,  Leg,  Tibia. 

CNEMODACTYLiEUS,  Extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis. 

CNEMOLORDO'SIS,  from  kwm,  'the  leg,' 
and  Aop<5w<rtf,  'the  state  of  being  bent  forward.' 
Bending  of  the  leg  forward. 

CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS,  from  kv*,m,  'leg,'  and 
ckoXiuhtis,  'bending,'  especially  sideways.  Bend- 
ing of  the  leg  sideways.  The  state  of  being  bow- 
legged,  or  bandy-legged. 

CNEORON,  Daphne  gnidium. 

CNEORUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Almer-Jrum,  Ac- 
wm/to*,   Cham<gfe'aj    Widow-wail,   Spurge- Olive, 

S7.)  CameUe.    This  plant,  a  native  of  Southern 
urope,  contains  a  very  irritating,  acrid  prin- 
ciple.   The  ancients  employod  its  leaves  as  a 


powerful  purgative.  It  is  now  sometimes  used 
for  deterging  ulcers. 

CNESIS,  Cnesmos,  Cnismo*.  A  painful  itching. 
—  Galen. 

CNESMA,  Itching. 

CXESMOS,  Cnesis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

CNICELJBTM,  from  kvms,  '  cart hamus/ and 
cXaiev,  'oil.'    Oil  of  earth  am  us. — Dioscorides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius— c.  Sylvestris, 
Ccntaurea  benedicta. 

CNIDEL^'ON,  Cnidela'um,  from  mint, 
'cnidia,'  and  tXaiov,  'oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cnidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Dioscorides. 

CNID'IA  GRANA.  Cnidii  Cocci,  Coccognid'ia, 
JEto'liotiy  Coccum.  The  berries  of  the  Daphne 
gnidium. — Foesius. 

CNIDIUM  SILAUS,  Peucedanum  silaus—  c. 
Tenuifolium,  Sison  ammi. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared  to 
that  produced  by  the  Urtica  urene  or  Nettle. 
(kviIti.)— Hippoc.     Urticaria;  urticatio. 

CNIP'OTES,  Pntri'tu:  Itching.  The  dry 
ophthalmia,  Xerophthalmia, 

CNISMOREGMIA,  Pyrosis. 

CNISMOS,  Cnesmos. 

CNISSA,  see  Nidorous. 

CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  nttraa,  'the  smell  of 
burnt  fat,'  and  optym,  '  I  put  forth ;'  Ructus  nido- 
ro'eua.  A  nidorous  eructation,  as  of  rotten 
eggs. 

CNYMA,  Krvfia.  A  slight  itching.  Also,  a 
puncture  or  v  el  Heat  ion. — Galen. 

COACUM,  Phytolacca  decandra, 

COAGMENTATIO,  Gomphosis. 

COAGULABLE  LYMPH,  Fibrin,  Liquor  san- 
guinis. 

COAG'ULANTS,  Coagulan'tia,  from  coagu- 
lare, — itself  from  co  and  agere,  'to  act  together.' 
Remedies,  or  poisons,  supposed  to  possess  the 
power  of  coagulating  the  blood,  or  to  give  con- 
sistency to  animal  fluids.  The  word  and  the  ab- 
surd notions  connected  with  it  are  equally  aban- 
doned. 

COAGULA'TION,  Coagula'tio,  Thrombo'ei; 
The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 

COAG'ULUM,  Orumus,  (F.)  Caillot,  Grumeau, 
('a  small  clot')  A  soft  mass  formed  in  a  coagu- 
lable  liquid.  The  Clot  of  the  Blood  is  particu- 
larly so  called  —  the  Cruor,  Insula,  Placen'ta, 
Hepar  San'guinis,  Crassamen'tum,  Sanguis  con- 
cre'tus  ; — the  red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum, 
and  colouring  matter,  which  separates  when  the 
blood  is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is 
also  applied,  in  pathology,  to  the  sanguineous 
concretions,  which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities;  and  which,  when  they  occur 
at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  sometimes  sus- 
pend the  flow  of  blood.  This  is,  indeed,  one  of 
the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is  arrested. 

Coag'ulum  Alu'minis,  Coag'ulum  Alumino'- 
sum,  Catania*' ma  alu'minis,  Alum  curd  or  cata- 
plasm. This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coagulum  is  formed. 
It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia,  where  an 
astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Coalesced  tia,  Coalit'Ho 
par'tium,  from  coalesce™,  '  to  run  together,'  (from 
citm,  'with,'  and  alere,  'to  nourish,)  Sym'physis, 
Pros'physis.  The  adhesion  or  union  of  parts 
previously  separated,  as  in  case  of  wounds  and 
preternatural  adhesions  or  malformations.  See 
Monster. 

COALITIO  PARTIUM,  Coalescence. 

COALIT"ION,  Coalif'io.  The  same  etymon 
as  coalescence.  It  has  been  used  in  the  same 
cases ;  as  well  as  to  express  tho  action  of  sever*! 


COALITUS 


216 


OOCHLRARIA 


parte  of  the  frame,  whioh  have  the  same  nu- 
trition. 

COALITUS,  Symphysis. 

COALTER'NjE  FEBRBS.  A  name  given  to 
tiro  intermittent*?,  which  attack  a  person  at  the 
same  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  distinct :  so 
that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes  when  the  other 
has  ceased.  The  term  Double  Intermittent  ex- 
presses the  same  meaning. 

COAPTATION,  Coapta'tio,  from  cum,  '  with,' 
and  aptarc,  •  to  adjust,'  '  adapt ;'  Parago'gl.  The 
act  of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone  to  eaeh  other;  or  of  restoring  a  luxated 
bone  to  its  pla^e.  Coaptation  must  be  effected 
gently.  Usually,  extension  and  counter-exten- 
sion are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary. 

COARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  Synarthrosis. 

COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Strio- 
tore  —  c.  Ventriouli,  Stricture  of  the  Stomach. 

COARCTATION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  coaretare, 
'to  straiten/  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Coarctation  of  the  PuUe. 

COAT,  BUFFY,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

COBALT,   PROTOXIDE  OF,  Smalt 

COBHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cob- 
ham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Surrey, 
England.   The  waters  are  weak  saline  purgatives. 

COBRA  DI  CAPELLO,  Crotalus  horridus. 

COBWEB,  Araneas  tela. 

COCASH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicnm. 

COCCA'RIUM.    A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHIA,  Cochia. 

COCCI  6RANUM,  Kermes— c.  Orientates,  see 
Moni8permum  cocculus. 

CO  CCIQIO-  CUT  AN B  SPHINCTER,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  externus. 

COCCINELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

Coccinel'la  Septempukcta'ta,  Lady -bird, 
Lady-cow,  Lady-bug.  This  insect,  bruised  upon 
an  aching  tooth,  has  long  been  regarded  as  anti- 
odontalgic. 

COC'CION,  kokkiov.  A  weight,  mentioned  by 
Myrepsus ;  the  same  as  the  siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mura. 

COCCOGNIDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Punica  granatum. 

COCCULJE  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menisper- 
mum  cocculus. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menispermum  tuber- 
culatum— c.  Indi  aromatica,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  cocculus— c.  Pal- 
matus,  Columba  —  e.  Suberosus,  Menispermum 
cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes— c.  Baphi- 
enm,  Kermes — c.  Infectorium,  Kermes — c.  Scar- 
latinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorum,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  Coccus  cacti— c.  Americanus,  Coccus 
cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Coch'ineal  Insect,  Coccinel'la,  Cochinil'la,  Coccio- 
nel'la,  Coccinil'la,  Ficus  In'dia  grana,  Coccus 
Polon'icus,  Scaraba' olus  hemispha'ricus,  Cochi- 
neli/'era  cochinil'la,  Coccu$  America'nus,  Coccus 
Indicus  Tincto'rius,  CochiueUe,  Coccus;  the  Coch'- 
ineal Animal,  (F.)  Cochenille,  Oraine  d'Ecarlate. 
The  cochineal  insects  have  a  faint,  heavy  odour,* 
their  taste  is  acrid,  bitterish,  and  astringent :  co- 
lour blackish-red  externally, — purple-red  within. 
They  are  used  chiefly  for  giving  a  red  colour  to 
tinctures,  Ac  They  were,  at  one  time,  esteemed 
astringent,  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes— c.  Indicus  tinotorius, 
Coccus  cacti— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus—c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCOYCEPH'ALUS,  Coccy'go-ceph'alus,  from 


coccy*  and  *«^aAf7> 'the  head.'  A  monster  whotf 
head  has  the  shape  of  the  os  coccygis. 

COCCYGEAL,  Coocygeus  — c  Nerve,  see  Sa- 
cral Nerves. 

COCCYGE'US,  Coccygeal,  from  kokkv^,  because 
it  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx;  Ischio-Coccygeus, 
(F.)  Ischio-coccygien.  Belonging  both  to  the 
ischium  and  coccyx.    The  muscle  Ischio-cocey- 

feus,  Leva' tor  Coccy'ais,  Triangttla'ris  Coccy'gi: 
t  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of  the  ischium, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of  the  sacrum; 
and  into  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  os  coc- 
cygis laterally.  It  retains  the  coccyx  in  place, 
and  prevents  it  from  being  forced  backwards 
during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

COCCYQIO-ANAL,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGIO-CUTANi  SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus. 

COCCYMELEA,  Prunus  domes tica. 

COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo/  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble ;  Os  Coccy'gie,  Cauda,  Ossis  eaeri  aeu'- 
men,  Oe  Al'agas,  Rump  Rone,  Crupper  Rone,  £V- 
culus,  Uropyg'ion,  Spon'dylis,  Spondyl'ium.  An 
assemblage  of  small  Dones,  attached  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  sacrum;  the  curvature  of  which  it 
prolongs,  and  of  which  it  seems  to  be  an  append- 
age. Generally,  it  consists  of  four  bones.  Be* 
hind  the  base  of  the  coccyx  are  two  small  tuber- 
cular eminences.  These  are  called  Cornua  of  the 
Coccyx. 

COCHEMAR,  Incubus. 
■  COCHENILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCHERIA,  Cochia. 

COCHIA,  Cocchia,  Coche'ria,  from  to/eft, 
'berry/  'seed/  or  from  xogvu,  'to  flow  profusely.' 
An  ancient  name  for  several  officinal  purgative 
pills;  thus  called,  either  because  they  produced 
copious  evacuations,  or  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LEG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHINELIFERA  COCHIKILLA,  Coccus 
cacti. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCH'LEA.  A  SnaiFs  shell,  (F.)  Limacon, 
CoquiUe.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities  which 
constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  the  Pelvis 
Au'rium,  Concha  auris  inter'na,  Cav'itan  cnchlea'- 
ta,  C.  buccina'ta,  Antrum  buccino'sum,  Concha  La- 
byrin'thi,  Troch'lea  labyrinth'i :  —  and  that  of 
Scala  of  the  Cochlea,  (F.)  Rampes  du  Itoacon,  to 
two  spiral  cavities  in  the  interior  of  the  cochlea. 
One  of  those  seals  terminates  at  the  Fenes'tra 
rotun'da,  and  is  called  Scala  tympani :  the  other 
opens  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  ves- 
tibule :  it  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  Scal^  op  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR,  Cochleare— c.  Auricular©,  Ear- 
pick — o.  Nerve,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

COCHLEA'RE,  Ooch'lear,  Cochfea'rium,  from 
cochlea;  its  bowl  resembling  a  shell.  A  spoonful, 
(F.)  Ouillerte;  abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usu- 
ally to  coch.    See  Abbreviation.    Also,  a  scoop, 

Cochlea'rE  Magnum,  a  tablespoonful ;  C.  Me'- 
dium,  a  dessert  or  pap-spoonful;  and  C.  Mn'%- 
mum,  a  teaspoonful. 

COCHLEA'RIA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon/  so 
called  from  its  resemblance.     C.  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia,  Raph'anus  rusti- 
ca'nus,  Armora'cia,  A,  sati'va,  A.  rustica'na, 
Raph'anus  mari'nus,  Rajah' anus  sylvts'tris, 
Raph'anus  magna,  Horseradish.  Family,  Cruci- 
fersB.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  (F.) 
Rai/ort  sauvage,  Oran,  Cran  de  Rretagnt.  The 
root  of  horseradish  is  frequently  used  «t  table; 
and  has  long  been  in  the  Materia  Medic*.    It  Is 


COOHLHABDrO&MIS 


217 


CCELIAC 


nt  and  diuretic  Externally  it  U  rube- 
facient 

Cocbtlea'ria  Coroh'opus,  Coron'opu*,  Coron'- 
opu* Ruel'lii  seu  depree'tu*  seu  vulga'ri*,  Le- 
pid'ium  aquama'tum,  Senebie'ra  coron'opu*,  Wild 
Scurvy  Grass,  Swine9*  Ore**,  (F.)  Come  de  Cerf. 
This  European  plant  is  considered  to  be  diuretic 
and  antiscorbutic.  The  term  Coron'opu*  was 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Cochlba'ria  Hortbnbis,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Officinalis,  Cochlearia,  C.  hor- 
ten'ti*  sen  pyrena'ica  seu  vulga'ria,  Lemon  Scurvy 
Gran,  Common  Scurvy  Ora**,  (F.)  Cranton,  Herbe 
aux  cuiller*.  It  has  been  considered  a  powerful 
antiscorbutic.    It  is  sometimes  eaten  in  salad. 

Cochlba'ria  Pyrbna'ica,  C.  officinalis  —  o. 
Vulgaris,  C.  officinalis. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare, 
'a  spoon/  and  forma,  'shape ;'  (F.)  Bee  de  Cuiller, 

COCHLEARIFORMIS  Procbs'sus,  Cochlear' if orm 
procte*.  A  small,  very  thin  plate,  which  sepa- 
rates the  bony  portion  of  the  Eustachian  tube 
from  the  canal  for  the  passage  of  the  tensor  tym- 
pani. 

COCHLEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous  looking  tissue, 
seen  on  opening  the  cochlea,  by  which  the  mem- 
branous zone  is  connected,  at  its  outer  or  convex 
margin,  with  the  outer  walL  It  is  supposed  by 
Todd  and  Bowman  to  be  muscular ;  and  to  have 
a  preservative  office,  being  placed  to  defend  the 
cochlear  nerves  from  undue  vibrations  of  sound, 
in  a  way  analogous  to  that  in  which  the  iris  pro- 
tects the  retina  from  excessive  light. 

COCHLEARIUM,  Cochleare. 

COCHO'NE,  *ox«w|.  The  junction  of  the 
Ischium,  near  the  seat  or  breech. — Focsius.  The 
breech  proper,  from  the  hip-bones  to  the  anus. 
The  perinseum.     The  coccyx. 

COCIL'IO.    A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 

COCKLE-BUR,  Agrimony. 

COCKLES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
enlus. 

COCKMINT,  Tanaeetum  balsamita. 

COCKUP  HAT,  StUlingia. 

COCLES,  Borgne. 

COCO,  Cocos  nucifera. 

Coco  or  the  Maldives,  Coco*  de  Ifaldi'vA. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  LodcHce'a  by  Com- 
merson.  It  was  formerly  termed,  in  the  shops, 
Nux  Med'ica,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 

COCOA,  Cacao. 

COCOA  CACAVIFERA,  Cacao. 

COCOBAY,  Mai  de  San  Laiaro. 

COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  the  palm  oil,  O'leum  pal' ma, 
obtained  chiefly  from  the  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
mixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat»  by  which  the  oil  is  separated  and  rises 
to  the  surface.  It  is  of  the  consistence  of  an 
ointment,  with  little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.  It  is  applied  to  sprains, 
Ac ;  but  has  no  advantages  over  other  oils.  It 
has  been  called,  also,  O'leum  Palma  *eba'ceum, 
O.Jix'um  nucum  coco*  butyra'cea  and  Mack  aw 
fat.  It  is  procured  likewise  from  the  Ela'i* 
Ow%een'*i*,  and  Ela'i*  Occidenta'li*,  two  spe- 
cies of  palms. 

Cocos  Nucif'era,  Palma  coco*,  (F.)  Cocotier. 
Order,  Palmes.     The  systematic  name  of  the 

?lant  whose  fruit  is  the  cocoa  nut.    (F.)  Coco. 
t  is  an  agreeable  kernel,  but  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion.   EmuUion*,  orgeat,  Ac,  are  made  from  it 
The  juice  of  the  cocoa,  when  fermented,  forms 
wine,  and  arrack  is  distilled  from  it 
CoCOTE,  Influensa. 
COCOTIER,  Cocos  nucifera. 
COCTIO,  Coction,  Digestion— c.  Ciborum,  Di- 
gestion— 0.  Morbi,  Coction. 


COCTION,  Coe'tio,  Pepei*,  Pepan'nt,  Pepa**. 
mo*,  Sympep'ti*,  Concoc'tion,  from  coauere,  'to 
boil.'  This  word  has  been  employed  in  various 
senses.  1.  With  the  ancients,  coction  meant  the 
particular  kind  of  alteration  which  the  food  ex- 
periences in  the  digestive  organs,  particularly  in 
the  stomach.  It  meant  a  preparation  from  it* 
crude  state.  2.  It  expressed  the  maturation  or 
change,  which  the  humeral  pathologists  believed 
morbific  matter  experiences  before  elimination. 
It  was  considered,  that  coction,  Coe'tio  morbi, 
was  produced  during  the  violence  of  the  disease ; 
and  henoe  this  was  called  the  Period  of  Coction. 
See  Humorism. 

COD,  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 

COD-OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  asellL 

COD-LIVER  OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  asellL 

CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Nerium  antidyeente- 
ricum. 

CODE,  Codex,  \ 

CODEiA,  Codeine. 

COD'EINE,  CodeV  a,  Oodei'num,  Papaveri'num, 
from  Ku6ia,  '  a  poppy  head.'  An  alkaloid,  disco- 
vered, by  Robiquet,  in  opium,  in  1832.  It  is 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether,  and  unites 
readily  with  acids.  As  a  hypnotic,  Magendie 
thinks  one  grain  of  codeia  equal  to  half  a  grain 
of  morphia.  The  muriate  of  codeia  appears  to 
be  stronger  than  the  pure  oodeia. 

CODESELLA,  Anthrax. 

CODEX.  A  collection  of  laws.  (F.)  Code. 
By  extension,  a  collection  of  approved  medical 
formulae,  with  the  processes  necessary  for  form- 
ing the  compounds  referred  to  in  it  The  Pari- 
sian  Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  medicamen- 
ta'riu*. 

Codex  Mbdicajtehtarius,  Formulary,  get 
Codex. 

CODIA,  Papaver  (capsule.) 

CODOCELE,  Bubo. 

CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 

CCECAL,  Cascal. 

C(ECITAS,  Cincitas. 

CCECUM,  Cseoum. 

COEFFE,  Caul. 

CCE'LIA,  Koi\ta,  ffoiAif,  'a  hollow  place.'  This 
word  generally  meant  a  cavity  in  the  body : — the 
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also  been  used 
for  the  alimentary  canal,  Ac. :  —  avw  K*i\ta,  'the 
stomach/  Kara  xotXta,  '  the  abdomen.'  Also,  an 
alvine  evacuation;  excrement 

CCE'LIAC,  Caliacu*,  Gastrocce'liacu*,  Qattrc- 
cod' lieu*,  (F.)  Cosliaque  on  Ciliaaue,  from  *oiXt«, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating  to  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Coeliao  Artery,  A.  OctWaea,  Cceliac  axi*,  A. 
opi*togaHrique,  Ch.,  A.  Cosliaque,  Tronc  caeli- 
aque,  Tripied  de  la  cosliaque,  is  situate  above  the 
pancreas,  and  behind  the  upper  part  of  the  sto- 
mach. It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  where  it  passes  between  the 
pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  soon  divides  into 
the  coronaria  ventriculi,  hepatic,  and  tplenic  ar- 
teries. 

Cosliao  Flux,  Cceliac  Pa*aion,  Cceliaca  chylo'- 
*a,  Diarrhoea  chylo'ta,  J),  chymo'sa,  Fluxv*  cJky- 
lo'eu*  seu  cceUacu*,  Pa**io  cceliaca,  P.  Ventricu- 
lo'ea,  Ghymoche'aia,  Fluor  albus  inteetino'rum,- 
Chylorrhofa,  Chymorrhce'a,  Cceliaca  lac* tea,  Mor- 
bu*  cosliaeu*,  Chylodiarrhos'a,  Qalactodiarrhar'a, 
Sede*  laete*cen'te*,  Ga*trorrhat,a,  (F.)  Flux  cceli- 
aque. A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the  food 
is  discharged  by  the  bowels  in  an  undigested 
condition.  By  some,  defined  to  be  diarrhoea  at- 
tended with  discharges  of  chyle  or  chyme.  It  i*. 
in  general,  symptomatic  of  tubercular  disease  of 
the  mesenteric  glands.    See  Lientery. 


CfflLIACA 


218 


COlNCIDBNTIA 


Cosltac  Passiow,  Cceliao  flux. 

Celiac  Plexus,  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesen- 
to'ti  pro'prius  et  max'imus,  P.  ganglifor'mis 
•emiluna'rU,  (F.)  Plexus  midian  ou  opistogas- 
trique,  (Ch.,)  PL  Cceliao  ou  solaire,  Ganglion  de 
Vieussexs,  is  formed  of  numerous  nervous  fila- 
ments, which  proceed  from  the  semilunar  ganglia 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  It  is  strengthened  by 
several  branches  of  the  right  and  left  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves;  is  seated  around  the  trunk  of 
the  coeliao  artery,  behind  the  stomach,  and  fur- 
nishes the  secondary  plexuses  —  the  diaphrag- 
matic, coronary  of  the  stomachy  splenic  and  he- 
patic, which  accompany  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name. 

CQ5LIACA,  from  Kot\taKos,  tea»liac'  Diseases 
of  the  digestive  organs ;  the  1st  class  in  Good's 
Nosology.  It  comprises  two  orders,  Enterica  and 
Splanchnica.  Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the 
digestive  organs. — Pereira. 

Cceliaca  Ghylosa,  Coeliao  flux  —  c.  Lactea, 
Coeliac  flux  —  o.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CCELIiB'MIA,  Hyper  a' mi  a  abdominis,  Con- 
get' tio  abdomina'lis,  from  KoiXia,  '  the  abdomen,' 
and  'atfta,  '  blood/  Hyperemia  or  congestion  of 
the  blood-vessels  of  the  abdomen. 

CCELIAGRA,  Gastri'tis  seu  Enteri'tis  sou  CoV- 
ica  seu  Diarrhoea  arthrit'ica.  Gout  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

CCELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

C(ELIAQUE,  TRJlPIED  DE  LA,  Cceliao 
artery. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CCELIOCHYSIS,  Ascites. 

C(ELIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  abdominal. 

C(ELIODYNIA,  Colic. 

CCELIOLYSIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELION'CUS,  Coeliophy'ma,  from  «iXia,  'the 
abdomen/  and  oyxos,  ' a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  abdomen. 

C(ELIOPHYMA,  Coelioncus. 

COELIOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  peritonei, 
from  KoiXia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,'  and 
fvpa,  '  a  hard  tumour.'  Tubercles  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

CCELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  xotXta,  « the  abdomen,' 
and  vvu<n{,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration  in  the 
abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

C(ELIORRH(EA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELIORRHEU'MA,  Bheumatis'mus  abdom'- 
inis,  from  xotAta,  'the  abdomen,'  and  ptvpa,  '  de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

CCELIOSPAS'MUS,  from  wcAia,  'abdomen,' 
and  <mafffioe,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
abdomen. 

CCELO'MA,  from  icotXoc,  'hollow.'  A  round 
ulcer  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than  that 
described  under  the  name  Bothrion. 

COELON,  Cavity. 

CCELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  xotXos,  'hollow,' 
and  oQBaXpos,  '  eye.'    One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

CCELOSTOM'IA,  from  «kAo*,  'hollow,'  and 
rrofta,  *  mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when  the 
voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern ; — that  is, 
obscure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  hollow  voice. 

COELOTES,  Cavity. 

CCENiESTHE'SIS,  from  koivs,  'common,'  and 
mtff$n<rtst  'feeling.'  Conasthe'sis.  Common  feel- 
ing. Some  German  writers  mean,  by  this,  a  sixth 
sense.  It  is  the  feeling  of  self-existence  or  indi- 
viduality, and  is  manifested  by  the  sense  of  buoy- 
ancy or  depression,  which  we  experience  without 


any  known  cause; — by  involuntary  shuddering 
feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  Ac. 

CCENOLOGIA,  Consultation. 

CCE'NOTES,  Kotvorrjs,  'commonness,'  from 
koivos,  '  common.'  The  physicians  of  the  metho- 
dic sect  asserted  that  oil  diseases  arise  from  re- 
laxation, stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Camotes:  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common.  s 

COETUS,  Coition. 

CCEUR,  Heart. 

COF'FEA  ARAB'ICA,  C.  vulga'ris,  Jas'minnm 
Arab'icum,  (F.)  OaJiert  and  Ca/eyer.  Family,  Ru- 
biacese.  Sex.  SysL  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The 
plant  which  affords  coffee,  Choava,  Bon,  Buna, 
(F.)  CafL    Originally  from  Yemen. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet  It  is,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, a  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  conva- 
lescence, especially  from  fevers,  Ac.  In  cases 
of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asthmas,  its 
use  has  been  extolled.  For  this  purpose  the 
Moka  is  the  best.  It  ought  to  be  newly  torrefied, 
but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be  strong,  and 
drunk  soon  after  grinding.  Factitious  Coffees 
have  been,  from  time  to  time,  recommended,  but 
they  are  infinitely  inferior  to  the  genuine.  Va- 
rious substitutes  have  been  proposed;  wheat,  bar- 
ley, holly&erries,  acorns,  sunflower  seeds,  beech- 
mast,  peas,  beans,  succory-root,  seeds  of  gooseber- 
ries and  currants  left  in  making  wine,  and  washed, 
— sliced  turnips,  Ac.  These  have  been  roasted, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  butter  or  oil :  but 
they  have  not  the  aroma  of  coffee.  The  best  sub- 
stitute is  said  to  be  the  seeds  of  the  Yellow  water 
flag.  Gladiolus  luteus  or  Iris  pseudaconts. 

Hunt's  (Economical  Breakfast  Porcder  con- 
sisted of  rye,  roasted  with  a  little  butter. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  Triosteum. 

COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology. 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITATION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  ewm, 
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage. — Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  Cohasio,  from  cum,  'with/  and 
harere,  'to  stick.'  Vis  cohasio'nis,  Vis  adh<t- 
sio'nis,  Vis  attractio'nis,  Force  of  cohe'sion,  At- 
traction of  cohesion,  A.  of  aggregation,  is  that 
force  in  the  particles  of  matter,  whereby  they  are 
connected  in  such  a  way  as  to  resist  any  attempt 
towards  their  removal  or  separation.  This  force 
has  to  be  attended  to,  in  the  management  of  dis- 
ease. Emollients,  rubbed  into  a  part,  act  by 
diminishing  the  cohesion. 

COHIBENS,  Epischeticus. 

COHOBA'TION,  Cohoba'tio,  Coho'bium,  Co'- 
hob,  Co'hoph.  Distillation  of  a  liquid — already 
distilled— on  the  same  substances.  When  this  is 
repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called  Recoho- 
ba'tion. 

COIIOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
collyrium. — Avicenna. 

COHOSH,  Actaea  racemosa,  Caulophyllum  tha- 
lictro'ides — c.  Black,  ActSBa  racemosa — o.  Blue- 
berry, Caulophyllum  thaliotroYdes. 

COHUSH,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

COIFFE,  Caul. 

COIGN,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COTGNASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COINCIDEN'TIA.  Some  authors  have  trans- 
lated, by  this  term,  the  word  parempto'sis,  used 
by  Galen  to  designate  the  occlusion  of  the  fora- 
men opticum  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from  the 
base  #f  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness.— 
CastellL 


COfNDICANT 


219 


COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS 


COIN'DICANT,  Goln'dicans,  from  con,  'with/ 
and  indico,  *  I  indicate/ 

Coix'dicant  Signs  are  those  which  furnish  the 
same  indications ;  or  which  confirm  the  indica- 
tion afforded  by  another  sign : — owtvitiicwfttva. 

CO  IRA,  Catechu. 

COIRAS,  Scrofula. 

COIT,  Coition. 

COIT"ION,  Oo'itu*,  Co'ctu*,  from  colo,  (con, 
and  eo,  '  to  go,')  '  to  go  together.'  Oopula'tion, 
Copula'tio,  Cop'ula  Carna'li*,  Aphrodi*'ia,  Aphro- 
disiasm'us,  JEpip'loce,  Accea'au*,  Batia'tio,  Am- 
pUxa'tio,  Amplex'u*,  Conven'tu*,  Complex' io,  Con- 
ju'gium,  Agglutina'tio,  Lagne'a,  Lagneu'ma,  Lag- 
nei'a,  Mixi*,  PermWtio,  Permix'tio,  Syndya*'mu*, 
Synu'aia,  Concu'bitua,  Cong  re*' bus,  Cohabita'tio, 
Venn*,  Res  Vene'rea,  Concu'bitua  vene'reue,  PraV- 
lium,  Duell'um  vene'reum,  Noctur'na  bet  la,  Con- 
cil'ia  corpora'lia,  Homil'ia,  Ven'ery,  Sexual  in- 
tercourae,  (F.)  Coit,  Approche,  Accouplement. 
The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COITUS,  Coition— o.  Difflcilis,  Dyssynodus— c 
Sodomitious,  Buggery. 

COL,  Collum — c.  de  la  Matriee,  Collum  uteri — 
e.  Utirin,  Collum  uteri. 

COLA,  Articulation. 

COLATIO,  see  Colatura. 

COLATO'RIUM,  Byliater,  from  eolare,  'to 
strain.'  A  strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir, 
A  term  by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit  through  which  the  excre- 
mentitious  humours  of  the  body  are  evacuated. 
Ulcers,  fistulas,  setons,  caustics,  Ac,  have  been 
called  artificial  or  accidental  Colatoria,  because 
they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by  which 
the  animal  economy  is  freed  from  some  morbific 
matter. 

COLATTJM,  see  Colatura. 

COLATU'RA,  from  colore,  'to  strain/  Cola'- 
tum,  (F.)  Colature.  A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise  means  straining  a  liquid,  —  Cola'tio, 
Diy'lieie,  Diylis'mue,  Hy'lieia,  Hylia'mua. 

COL'CHESTER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Aqua  Colce*tren'*i*.  The  waters  of  Colchester 
are  of  the  bitter  purging  kind,  similar  to  those 
of  Epsom. 

COLCHICTA,  see  Colohicum  autumnale. 

COL'CHICUM  AUTUMNA'LE,from  the  coun- 
try Colchis.  Meadow  Saffron,  Col' chic  urn,  Count, 
(F.)  Colchique,  Tue-chien,  Mori  aux  chiens,  Sa- 
fran de*  pria,  Safran  bdtard.  Family,  Colchi- 
cacese.  Class,  Hexandria.  Order,  Monogynia. 
The  bulb  or  root  (Bulbu*  vel  Radix  vel  Cormu*,) 
and  the  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
The  taste  is  acrid,  excoriating  the  mouth ;  but  the 
acrimony  is  lost  by  drying.  It  is  narcotic,  diu- 
retic, and  cathartic ;  and  has  been  given  in 
dropsy,  gout,  and  rheumatism.  Dose,  from  gr.  j 
to  vj  of  the  fresh  bulb.  It  is  supposed  to  he  the 
active  ingredient  of  the  Eau  midicinale  d'Muaeon. 
The  active  principle  is  called  Colchic"ia.  The 
Colchicum,  in  an  over-dose,  is  an  acro-narcotio 
poison. 

Dr.  Wilaon'a  Tincture  for  the  Gout  is  said  to  he 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Col'chicin. 

Colchicum  Zetlanicux,  KsBmpferia  rotunda. 

COLCHIQUE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  CoVcothar  Vitrioli,  Henri' cu* 
rubena,  Chdlci'tia,  Brown  red,  Rouge,  Croctta,  Ox- 
idant Ferri  rubrum,  Tritox'ydum  Ferri,  Sulpha* 
Ferri  calcina'tum,  Ferrum  vitriola'tum  uatum, 
Terra  vitrioli  dulci*,  Crocus  marti*  vitriolatu* 
sea  ad*trinrgen*,  (F.)  Rouge  cPAngleterre,  Safran 
de  Mara  astringent.  The  red  oxide  of  iron,  ob- 
tained by  calcining  sulphate  of  iron  to  redness, 
with  or  without  the  contact  of  air.  It  possesses 
the  general  properties  of  the  preparations  of  iron, 
and  has  been  applied  to  stanoh  blood,  Ac 


COLD,  Frigua,  Paycho*,  (F.)Froid.  The  sen- 
sation  produced  by  the  abstraction  of  caloric  from 
our  organs, — Cheima,  Chimon.     See  Heat. 

Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  simple  feeling  of  cold 
(Algor),  2.  ChiUine**  (Horror),  and  3.  Shivering 
(Rigor).  Cold  is  employed  in  medicine,  chiefly, 
as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  in  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal  —  c 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 

COLEITIS,  Colposis. 

COLEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

COLE(EDEMA,  Ely tr oedema. 

COLEOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

COLEORRHEX'IS,  from  goXco*  'a  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  prifo, *  rupture.'  Laceration  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vagina. 

COLEOSITIS,  Leucorrhcea. 

COLEOSTEGNO'SIS,  Colpoategno'aia,  Colpo*- 
tenochor'ia,  Colpoaynize'aia,  from  xoAco;,  'a  va- 
gina or  sheath,'  and  orcyvotffts,  'constriction/ 
Narrowness  of  the  vagina,  natural  or  acquired. 

COLORE,  Rage. 

COLES,  Penis. 

COLEUS,  Vagina. 

CO  LIBERT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Co'licua,  from  kuXov,  *  the  colon/  (F.) 
Colique.    Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Arte' rim  colica,  (F.)  Ariirt* 
Ooliquea,  are  six  in  number,  three  of  which,  given 
off  by  the  auperior  tneaenteric,  are  called  Colica 
dextrce;  and  three,  proceeding  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  Colica  ainia'tne.  All  proceed  towards 
the  colon,  passing  between  the  two  lam  in©  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  form  the  mesocolon,  whero 
they  ramify  and  anastomose  with  each  other. 
The  first,  Colica  dextra,  Ramus  col'ica  dexter,  is 
called  0.  dextra  superior,  (Miao-colique, —  Ch.) 
The  second,  C.  dextra  media,  Colica  media,  Ra- 
mue  colicua  medio*,  Arteria  media  anastomot'ica, 
(C.  droite,  Ch.,)  and  the  third,  C.  dextra  infe'rior 
or  Jleo-colica,  (A.  cacale, —  Ch.)  Of  the  three 
Colica  sinistra,  the  first  or  eupcrior  is  called,  by 
Chaussier,  Colica  magna  *ini*'tra  ;  the  second  or 
media  is  not  distinguished  from  the  preceding,  as 
they  often  arise  from  a  common  trunk ;  and  the 
third  is  called  by  Chaussier  Colica  parva  einia'- 
tra.  To  these  arteries  as  many  veins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesenteric 

Colio  Lobe  or  the  Liver  is  the  gToat  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Colic,  Co'lica  Paaaio,  Colica,  Bellyache,  CoV- 
id,  Colicodyn'ia,  Cceliodyn'ia,  Dolo're*  inteatino'- 
rum,  Dolor  co'licua,  Dyaenteronerv'ia,  Anentero- 
ner'via,  Enteral' gia,  Oripea,  Mulligruba.  In  its 
etymological  acceptation,  Colic  signifies  an  affec- 
tion or  pain  in  the  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in 
a  more  extensive  signification.  It  includes  every 
acute  pain  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  inter- 
vals. The  word  has  often,  however,  epithets 
affixed  to  it,  which  render  it  more  or  less  precise. 
See  Tormina. 

Colic,  Crapulent,  Colica  crapnlosa— c  Devon- 
shire, Colic,  metallic — c  Horn,  Priapismus  —  c 
Lead,  Colic,  metallic  —  c  Madrid,  Colica  Madri- 
densis  —  c  Menstrual,  Colica  menstrualis  —  c 
Metallic*,  Colica  metallica  —  c  Painters',  Colio, 
metallic  —  c  Plumbers',  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  of 
Poitou,  Colio,  metallic  —  c.  of  Prostitutes,  Co- 
lica soortorum  —  c  Saturnine,  Colic,  metallic  — 
c  of  Surinam,  Colic,  metallic — c  Uterine,  Colica 
uterina— c.  Weed,  Dicentra  Canadensis — c  Worm, 
Colica  verminosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS,  Colica  crapnlosa 
— c  Acuta,  Enteritis — c.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

Co'lica  Bilio'sa,  Bil'iou*  Colic,  (F.)  Ooliqu* 
Bilieute.  Colic,  occasioned  by  an  accumulation 
of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  passages, 


OOLICA 


220 


COLLABD 


The  treatment  required  resembles  that  proper  for 
the  next  variety. 

Colica  Callo'sa.  Colio  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  parts  of  the  intestinal  canal ; 
often  of  flatulency  and  pain ;  the  flatulency  gra- 
dually passing  off  by  the  stricture ;  the  bowels 
tardy;  and  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

Colica  CoirruLSi'vA,  C.  Spasmod'ica,  C.pitux- 
fo'so,  C.  nervo'sa,  C.  idiopath'ica,  Enter ospasm' us. 
Colio,  not  the  symptom  of  any  other  affection.  It 
is  characterized  by  griping  pain  in  the  bowels, 
chiefly  about  the  navel,  with  vomiting  and  cos- 
tiveness, — the  pain  increasing  at  intervals.  The 
indications  are  to  clear  the  intestines,  and  allay 
spasm.  Calomel  and  opium— castor  oil  and  opium 
— emollient  and  cathartic  enemata,  with  fomen- 
tations, wet  or  dry,  to  the  abdomen,  usually  suc- 
ceed. 

Colica  Crapulo'sa,  C.  accidenta'lis,  C.  hel- 
Wo'num,  Crap'ulent  colic,  Surfeit,  Colic  from  over- 
eating, (F.)  Colique  cF Indigestion.  A  colio,  aris- 
ing from  eating  indigestible  aliments,  or  digestible 
aliments  in  too  great  abundance.  The  remedy  is 
obvious. 

Colica  Damkokioruv,  Colic,  metallic — o.  Fe- 
brioosa,  Colica  inflammatoria — c.  Figulomm,  Co- 
lica metallic*. 

Colica  Flatulbn'ta,  Infla'tio,  Oastrodyn'ia 
flatulen'ta,  Physospas'mus,  Pneumato'sis  enter*- 
tea,  (F.)  Colique  Jlatulente,  C.  fiatueuse,  C.  ven- 
teuee.  Colic,  arising  from  an  accumulation  of  air 
in  the  intestines.  It  is  very  common  in  infants, 
and  may  be  relieved  by  aromatics,  especially 
when  combined  with  antacids  —  for  example,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 

Colica  Helluokuk,  Colica  crapulosa. 

Colica  Hemorrhoidals,  Hemorrhoid' al  Co- 
lie,  (F.)  Colique  hSmorrholdale.  A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  supervene 
on  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepatol' gia,  Hepatalgia 
Calculo'sa,  Hepat'ic  colic,  (F.)  Colique  hipatique. 
Pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the 
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a 
biliary  calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch 
ducts. 

Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva  —  c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Ijtflaiiiiato'ria,  C.  Phlogis'tica,  C. 
plethor'ica,  C.  febrxco'sa,  0.  pulsat'ilis,  Inflam'- 
matory  colic.    The  same  as  enteritis. 

Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c  Lochi- 
alis,  Dyslochia — c.  Madridensis,  Colic  of  Madrid 
— c.  Nervosa,  Colica  convulsiva,  Colic,  metallic — 
o.  Phlogistica,  Colioa  inflammatoria. 

Colica  Madriden'sk,  Colic  of  Madrid,  Ma- 
drid Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemio  in  se- 
veral provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not 
clear.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned 
by  lead. 

Colica  MexstruVlis,  Men'strual  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  menstruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 

Colica  Metal'lica,  Metal' lie  Colic,  Paintcre' 
Colic,  Colica  Pic' ton  urn,  Colic  of  Poitou,  Colica 
Satutni'na,  C.  Figulo'rum,  Colic  of  Surinam', 
Bellon,  Devonshire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache,  Satur- 
nine Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plumbers*  Colic,  Rachial'- 
aia  Pic'tonum,  R.  Pictavien'sium,  Morbus  Metal' - 
lieu*,  ColicopU'gia,  Colica  RachiaV gia,  RachiaV- 
fia,  Colica  DamnonWrum,  C.  Plumbario'rum, 
Paralysis  rachialgia,  Colica  nervo'&a,  Colica 
Picto'rum,  Palmus  Plumba'rius,  (F.)  Dusentiro- 
nervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Poitou,  Colique  v£- 
aUaU  (1)t  Colique  dee  peintree,  Colique  de  plomb, 
&  mStaUique,  U.  Saturnine,  C.  dee  barboutlleure. 


Under  this  head  is  generally  described  the  eoUe 
produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other  colics  men- 
tioned in  the  synonymy ;  and  they  certainly  re- 
semble each  other  greatly,  although  some  of  them 
are  more  like  bilious  colic.  There  is  not  much 
to  distinguish  this  variety  of  colio  from  others* 
The  same  violent  pain  about  the  navel  is  present, 
with  retraction  of  the  abdomen  towards  the  spine. 
It  is  apt  also  to  occasion  palsy.  The  only  differ* 
ence  of  treatment  is  in  the  necessity  for  employ- 
ing more  opium  along  with  the  purgative.  The 
paralytic  sequela  must  be  treated  by  change  of 
air,  rubbing  the  spine,  exercise,  Ac.  Treating 
the  disease  upon  general  principles  is  infinitely 
more  philosophical,  and  more  successful  than  the 
empirical  management  at  La  CharitS,  Paris, 
which  it  is  unnecessary  to  detail. 

Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephretfic  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  Niphrltique.  Acute  pains,  which  accom- 
pany nephritis,  and  especially  calculous  nephritis, 
or  the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the  ureter. 

Colica  Pictonuv,  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  Picto- 
rum,  Colio,  metallic— c  Pituitosa,  Colica  convul- 
siva—  c  Plethorica,  Colioa  inflammatoria  —  c 
Plumbariorum,  Colic,  metallic  —  c  Pulsatilla, 
Colic,  inflammatory  —  c  Rachialgia,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— o.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

Colioa  Scorto'ruk,  Colic  of  Prostitutes.  A 
form  of  colio,  said  by  Dr.  Martin  Hassing,  of  Co- 
penhagen, to  have  been  frequently  observed  by 
him  amongst  that  unfortunate  class  of  beings.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  any  special  affec- 
tion of  the  kind  appertains  to  them. 

Colica  Spasuodica,  Colica  convulsiva,  Ileus. 

Colica  Sterco'rea,  Colica  Stipa'ta,  Stercoral 
ceoue  Colic,  (F.)  Colique  ttercorale.  A  speoiet 
of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  faecal  mat* 
ters  in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is  itself, 
however,  an  effect,  that  may  be  caused  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves. 

Colica  Stipata,  Colica  stercorea. 

Colica  Uteri'na,  Hys'tero-col'ica,  Uterine. 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  uttrine.  Pain  seated  in  the 
uterus,  sometimes  called  My  sterol' gia. 

Colica  Vkntriculi,  Cardialgia. 

Colica  Vermiko'sa,  Helminthocol'ica,  Worm 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  vermineuse.  Abdominal  pain, 
occasioned  by  the  presence  of  worms  in  the  in- 
testines. 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 

COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic 

COL  I  MAC  ON,  Limax. 

COLIQUE,  Colic— c.  dee Barbouilleurs ,  Colica 
metallica — c.  Hfpatique,  Colica  hepatica — c  o? In- 
digestion, Colica  crapulosa — c.  MitaUique,  Colica 
metallica— c.  de  Miserere,  Ileus — c.  de  Miseri- 
corde,  Ileus  —  c.  des  Peintree,  Colica  metallica— 
e.  de  Plomb,  Colica  metallica — c.  de  Poitou,  Colica 
metallica — c.  Saturnine,  Colica  metallica — c  Yen- 
teuse,  Colica  flatulenta  —  o.  Yigitale,  Colica  me- 
tallica. 

COLIQUES,  Pains,  (after.) 

C0LFTI8,  from  *«Xov,  'the  colon,  and  ttts, 
denoting  inflammation ;  Coloni'tis,  Enteri'tis  «'- 
lica,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  colon.  Inflammation 
of  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  membrane  of  ths 
colon.  The  former  is  termed  Serocoli'tis,  and 
Exocoli'tts  ;  the  latter,  Endocolitis  and  Dysentery. 

COLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLA  PISCIUM,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLAPSE,  Collapsus. 

COLLAP'SUS,  Collapse,  Concxden'tia ;  from 
col,  or  cum,  'with/  and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  falL'  (F.) 
Affaissement.  A  complete  prostration  of  strength, 
either  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 
of  a  disease. 

COLLAR-BONE,  Clavicle. 

COLLARD,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  c  Cow, 


COLLAMTJM 


221 


COLLUM 


Draoontram  fcetidum —  c  Polecat,  Dracontium 
fortidum. 

COLLARIUM  SALINUM,  Haloderwum. 

COLLATERAL,  Collateral*,  from  cum,  'with/ 
and  lattu,  '  side.  That  which  accompanies  or  pro- 
ceeds by  the  ride  of  another. 

Collateral  Ar'teries  or  this  Arm,  Arte'ria 
Collate™1 le*  Bra' chit,  (P.)  Artlre*  collaUrale*  du 
kra*.  They  are  given  off  by  the  brachial,  and  are 
ire  distinguished  into,  1.  The  coUateral-^euperior 
tt  external  (Grande*  mueculaire*  du  brae — Ch.) 
which  arise  from  the  inner  part  of  the  brachial, 
and  extend  as  far  as  the  inferior  and  external 
part  of  the  arm.  2.  The  collateral —  inferior  or 
internal  {CoUattrale*  du  Covde — Ch.)  which  arise 
from  the  brachial,  near  the  elbow-joint,  and  de- 
scend towards  the  upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and  toes 
are  also  called  collateral. 

Speaking  generally,  collateral  branche*  are 
those  which  follow  nearly  the  same  course  as 
the  vessel  whence  they  emanate. 

COLLATERALS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

COLLE-CHAIR,  Sarcooolla. 

CO  LIE  DE  POISSON,  Ichthyocolla, 

COLLECTION,  Collec'tio,  from  colligere,  'to 
gather.'  This  word  is  often  united  to  the  epithet 
purulent,  teroue,  Ac,  to  express  a  gathering  of 
pas,  serum,  Ac. 

COLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

COLLBTICUS,  Agglutinant 

COLLEY'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory. 

COLLIC'LS.  'Drains  to  collect  and  convey 
away  water.'  See  GOUTTliRE.  Union  of  the 
duets  passing  from  the  puncta  lachrymalia,  Col- 
licf'uB  puncto'rum  laeryma'liutn. 

COLLICULI  NERVI  ETHMOIDALIS,  Cor- 
pora striata  —  o.  Nervorum  opticorura,  Thai  ami 
nervorum  opUcorum — c.  V agin 89,  Nymph®. 

COLLICULUS  CAVEiE  POSTERIORY 
VENTRICULORUM  LATERALIUM,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

COWER  (F.),  A  collar.  A  name  given  to 
certain  eruptions  which  surround  the  neck  like  a 
collar. 

COLLIGAMEN,  Ligament. 

COLLIGATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

COLLINSO'NIA,  C.  Canaden'eie,  C.decuna'ta, 
Horeetoeed,  Hor*ebalm,  Richtoeed,  Richleaf,  Heal- 
all,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot,  Knotweed.  This  indi- 
genous plant  is  possessed  of  diuretio  properties, 
which  seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil.  Infusion 
u  the  best  form  of  administration.  The  leaves 
in  domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounds  and 
bruises. 

Collihsoitia  Decussata,  C.  Canadensis. 

OOLLIQUAMEN'TUM,  from  colliqueo,  {eon 
and  liquere,)  *  I  melt.'  The  first  rudiments  of  an 
embryo. — Harvey. 

C  0  L  L I Q  U  A'T  1 0  N,  Colli qua9 Ho,  Eliqua'tio, 
Syntex'i*,  Ectex*i*,  Solu'tion,  Diteolu'tion.  The 
ancients  meant,  by  this  term,  the  progressive 
diminution  of  the  solid  parts,  with  copious  excre- 
tion of  liquids  by  one  or  more  passages.  They 
thought,  that  all  the  solids  melted ;  and  that  the 
liquids,  and  particularly  the  blood,  lost  a  portion 
of  their  density. 

COLLIQUATIVE,  OoUiquati'vua,  Colliquee'- 
cent,  from  colliqueaeere,  'to  grow  liquid.'  (F.) 
Colliquatif.  An  epithet  given  to  various  dis- 
charges, which  produce  rapid  exhaustion.  Hence 
we  say,  Colliquative  locate,  Colliquative  diar- 
rhoea, Ac. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 

COLL  IS  10,  Contusion. 

COLLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLODES,  Glutinous. 

COLLO'DION,  CoUo'dium,  E the' real  Solu'tion 


of  Gun-cotton,  MagnarcT*  Adheeive  Liqnid;  from 
Ko\Xa,  'glue.*  A  solution  obtained  by  dissolving 
gun-cotton,  (F.)  Fulmicoton,  in  a  mixture  of  rec- 
tified ether  and  alcohol,  in  the  proportion  of  about 
16  parts  of  the  former  to  1  of  the  latter.  When 
applied  to  a  part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  the 
solid  adhesive  material  is  left,  which  contracts. 
Hence  it  is  used  in  oases  of  wounds,  to  keep  their 
edges  together.  It  forms,  also,  a  coating,  and 
has  been  applied  in  abrasions,  and  in  cases  of 
burns.  In  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  it 
has  been  applied  with  advantage ;  and  has  been 
employed  to  give  a  coating  to  pills,  which  it  de- 
prives of  their  taste,  without  interfering  with 
their  action. 

Collodion  is  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  6. 
(1851.) 

Collodion,  Canthar'idal,  Collo'dium  vcei'can* 
sen  cantharida'U.  Prepared  by  exhausting,  by 
displacement,  a  pound  of  coarsely  powdered  can- 
tharidee  with  a  pound  of  eulphurie  ether,  and 
three  ounces  of  acetic  ether.  In  two  ounces  of 
this  saturated  solution  of  cantharides,  twenty-five  * 
grains  of  gun-cotton  are  dissolved.  By  painting 
the  surface  with  a  little  of  this  solution,  vesica- 
tion is  produced,  as  with  the  plaster  of  can- 
tharides. 

COLLODIUM,  Collodion— c  Cantharidale,  Col- 
lodion, cantharidal — o.  Vesicans,  Collodion,  can- 
tharidal. 

COLLOID,  Collide*,  from  xoXXa,  'glue/  and 
etiost  'resemblance;'  Cancer  alveola' ris,  Card* 
no'ma  alveola' ri,  (F.)  Cancer  aMolaire,  e.  GSla- 
tiniforme,  Gelatinous  cancer.  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  product  of  morbid  secretion,  resembling 
glue,  or  particles  of  jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular 
alveolar  bed.  The  three  species  of  cancer  or 
carcinoma  are, — Encephaloid,  Scirrhue,  and  Col- 
loid.   See  Cancer. 

COLLO'MA,  from  xoXXa, '  glue.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Walshe  for  the  gelatiniform  matter, 
which  is  of  common  occurrence  in  cysts.  It  is 
transparent,  amorphous,  and  devoid  of  vessels 
and  nerves. 

COLLONO'MA,  from  iceXXa,  'glue.'  A  pecu- 
liar gelatinous  tumour,  consisting  of  a  remarkably 
Boft  gelatiniform  tissue,  which  trembles  on  being 
touched. — J.  Miiller. 

COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 

COLLUM,  Cervix,  Traehe'lo;  Auchen,  (F.) 
Col,  Cou.  The  part  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  hea4  and  chest.  Also,  a  part  of  an  organ 
resembling  the  neck,  as  in  the  following  cases. 

Collum  Astrag'ali,  Cervix  Aetrag'ali,  Neck 
of  the  Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  Vaatragale.  A  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity 
of  the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

Collum  Costa'rum,  Cervix  Cotfa'rvm,  Neck 
of  the  Rib;  (F.)  Col  dee  CStee.  The  narrow  part 
of  the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

Collum  Deh'tium,  Cervix  Pentium,  Neck  of 
the  Teeth,  (F.)  Col  ou  Collet  de*  Dent*.  The  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

Collum  Fem'oris,  Cervix  Fem'oris,  Neck  of  the 
Thigh-bone,  (F.)  Col  du  Ffmur.  The  long  nar- 
row, and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris,  which 
separates  the  head  from  the  two  trochanters. 

Collum  Fxb'ula,  Cervix  Fib'ula,  Neck  of  the 
Fibula,  (F.)  Col  du  Pirone.  A  slight  narrowness 
seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity  of  the 
fibula. 

Collum  Hu'meri,  Cervix  Hu'meri,  Neck  of  the 
Hu'meru*.  A  circular,  depressed  portion,  which 
separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri  from  its  two 
tuberosities.    Some  surgeons  place  the  neck  bt> 


COLLURIUM 


222 


COLOURS 


low  the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line  of  demarca- 
tion indicating  its  extent. 

Collum  Mandib'uljE  vel  Maxil'lje  Inferio'- 
RIS,  Cervix  Mandib'ula  seu  Maxilla  Inferio'ris, 
Neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  (F.)  Col  de  Vos  maxillaire 
in/6rieure,  A  depression  observable  on  each  side 
of  the  lower  jaw,  immediately  below  the  con- 
dyles. 

Collum  Obbtipum,  Torticollis. 
Collum  Ossis  Magni  vel  Capita'ti,  Cervix  os- 
sis  magni  vel  Capita'ti,  Neck  of  the  Os  Magnum, 
(P.)  Col  du  grand  Oe.    A  circular  depression  be- 
neath the  head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 

Collum  Ra'dii,  Cervix  Radii,  Neck  of  the 
Radius,  (F.)  Col  du  Radius,  A  narrow  portion 
of  the  radius,  whifth  supports  the  head  of  the 
bone. 

Collum  Scap'ul*,  Cervix  Scap'ula,  Neck  of 
the  Scap'ula,  (F.)  Col  de  VOmoplate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid-  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

COLLUM  U'teri,  Cervix  TPteri,  Jug'ulum  Uieri} 
Neck  of  the  Uterus,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Matrice,  Col 
vMrin.  A  narrow,  cylindrical,  and  flattened  por- 
tion of  the  uterus,  which  terminates  it  inferiorly, 
and  opens  into  the  vagina  by  the  Os  Uteri  or  0» 
Tinea.  This  neck  is  perceptible  on  examination 
j.er  vaginam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gesta- 
tion.  Aa  the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  be- 
comes shorter  and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  diffe- 
rence exists  between  its  oondition  at  seven  and 
nine  months. 

Collum  Vesi'cb,  Cervix  Vesi'ca,  Neck  of  the 
Bladder,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Veseie.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra. 

COLLURIUM,  Collyrium, 
COLLUTIO,  Gargansm. 
COLLUTO'RIUM,  from  colluere,  'to  wash  out.' 
A  mouth-wash. 

Collutorium  Adstrixgeits,  Mel  boracis. 
COLLU'VIES,  from  colluo,  '  I  cleanse.'  Filth, 
excrement.  Discharge  from  an  old  ulcer. 
Collcvies  Gabtrica,  Embarrat  gastrique. 
COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  from 
ftwAvu,  'I  check/  and  pew,  'I  flow/  or  from  xoWa, 
'glue/  and  ovpa,  'tail/  (F.)  Collyre.  The  an- 
cients designated,  by  this  term,  a  solid  medicine, 
of  a  long,  cylindrical  shape;  proper  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  vagina,  anus,  or  nostrils.  They 
are  said  to  have  given  it  this  name  because  it  was 
shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and  because  there  en- 
tered into  its  composition  powders  and  glutinous 
matters. — Celsus,  Oribasius,  Scribonius  Largus. 
At  the  present  day,  Collyrium  means  an  applica- 
tion to  the  eye.  Some  are  pulverulent  and  dry, 
Ophthalmempas'ma,  CoUyr'ium  siccum,  but  the 
greatest  part  are  liquid,  Hygrocollyr'ia  ;  and 
receive  different  epithets,  as  astringent,  emollient, 
Ac.  The  term  is  now  little  more  than  synony- 
mous with  Eye-water.  Collyria  are  generally 
extemporaneous  formulas. 

Collyrium  Siccum,  see  Collyrium — c  Siccum 
Alexandrinum,  see  Alexandrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  Ko\ofaua,  'any  thing  truncated 
*>r  shortened.'    A  mutilated  or  maimed  organ. 

Colobo'ma  Irtdis,  Irido-coloboma.  A  conge- 
nital peculiarity  of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure 
of  its  lower  portion,  and  a  consequent  prolonga- 
tion of  the  iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea. 

COLOBO'SIS,  Ko\opwcis.  The  act  of  curtailing 
or  mutilating ;  mutilation. 

COLOCHOLO'SIS,  from  ku\ov,  'the  colon/ 

And  £0X4,  'bile.'    Bilious  dysentery,  Dy tenter' ia 

bilio'sa. 

COLOCTNTH,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 


COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 
COLOMBA,  Calumba. 

COLON,  C.  Cacum,  Monen'terum,  Colum,  Intes- 
ti'num  majus,  /.  cellula'tum,  I.  crassum  et  plenum, 
L  grande,  I.  laxum.  That  portion  of  the  large 
intestines  which  extends  from  the  cecum  to  the 
rectum.  It  is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from 
KotXov,  'hollow/  or  from  cuXvw,  'I  arrest,'  be- 
cause the  excrements  are  arrested,  for  a  conside- 
rable time,  in  its  sacs,  —  cel'lula.  The  colon  ii 
usually  divided  into  four  portions.  1.  The  right 
lumbar  or  ascending,  Colon  dextrum,  situate  in 
the  right  lumbar  region,  and  commencing  at  the 
caecum.  2.  Transverse  colon,  Colon  transver'sum, 
transverse  arch  of  the  colon,  the  portion  of  the 
colon  which  crosses  from  the  right  to  the  left  side, 
at'  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen.  3.  The  left 
lumbar  or  descending  colon,  Colon  sinis'trum,  ex- 
tending from  the  left  part  of  the  transverse  arch, 
opposite  the  outer  portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to 
the  corresponding  iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Iliac  colon 
or  Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Colon  Hi  a  que 
ou  S.  du  colon,  the  portion  of  the  intestine  which 
makes  a  double  curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  ends  in  the  rectum. 

The  muscular  fibres,  as  in  the  caecum,  are  in 
three  flat  stripes,  Ta'nim  seu  Fas'cia  Ligam-m- 
to'sm. 

Colon,  Membrum  —  0.  Inflammation  of  the, 
Colitis. 

Colon,  Torpor  op  the.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  colon  acts  with  deficient 
energy j  giving  occasion  to  distention  of  the  in- 
testine, which,  by  pressing  upon  the  other  organs, 
may  interfere  so  much  with  their  functions,  as  to 
lead  to  distressing  gastric,  cardiac  and  other  dis- 
orders. 
COLONITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 
COLONNE,  Columna  — c.  Yertibrale,  Verte- 
bral column. 

COLON NES  CHARNUES,  Carne»  column* 
— c.  Charnues  du  Coeur,  Columnar  carnese. 
COLOPHANE,  Colophonia. 
COLOPHANY,  Colophonia. 
COLOPIIO'NIA,  so  called  from  Colophon,  a 
city  of  Ionia ;  Phrycti,  Fricta,  Pix  Graca,  Jie- 
si'na  nigra,  Colophony,  Colophony,  Black  Rosin, 
Pitch,  Br  wen  Rosin,  (F.)  Colophone,  Colophane, 
Arcaneon,  Brai  sec.     The  black  resin,  which  re- 
mains in  the  retort,  after  the  distillation,  by 
means  of  a  strong  fire,  of  eommon  turpentine. 
It  is  used  like  the  turpentines  in  general,  and  in 
some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
COLOPHONY,  Colophonia. 
COLOQUINTE,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 
COLOQUINTIDA,  Cucumus  eoloevnthis. 
COLOR  VIRGINEUS  PALLIDUS,  Chloroai 
— c.  Virginum  foedus,  Chlorosis. 
COLORECTITIS,  Dysentery. 
COLOSTRA,  Colostrum. 
COLOSTRATIO,  Colostration. 
COLOSTRA'TION,    Colostra'tio.    Disease   in 
new-born  children,  attributable  to  the  colostrum. 
COLOS'TRUM,   Colos'tra,  Collostrum,  Coins'- 
trum,  Troph'alis,  Protog'ala,  Neog'ala,  Pritnum 
Puer'perco  lac,  Pytia,  Pyetia,  (Biestings  or  Beast- 
ing§  in  the  cow,  Ac.,)  from  ko\ov,  'food/  (?)  (F.) 
Bttotu    The  first  milk  after  accouchement.     It 
contains  more  serum  and  butter,  and  less  casein 
than  common  milk,  and  seems  to  possess  an  eva- 
cuant  property,  which  renders  it  fit  to  aid  in  the 
expulsion  of  the  meconium.     Colostrum  formerly 
meant  an  emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and 
yolk  of  egg. 

COLOUR-BLINDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 
COLOURS,  ACCIDENTAL,  0/>'j»o«<e  colours. 
Complementary  and  Harmon'ic  cohurs.     If  tho 
eye  has  been  for  some  time  regarding  a  portico- 


COLPALGIA 


223 


COLUTEA 


lar  colour,  the  retina  becomes  insensible  to  this 
colour;  and  if,  afterwards,  it  be  turned  to  a  sheet 
of  white  paper,  the  paper  will  not  seem  to  be 
white,  but  will  be  of  the  colour  that  arises  from 
the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  solar  spectrum, 
except  the  one  to  which  the  retina  has  become 
insensible.  Thus,  if  the  eye  be  directed  for  some 
time  to  a  red  wafer,  the  sheet  of  paper  will  seem 
to  be  of  a  bluish-green,  in  a  circular  spot  of  the 
same  dimensions  as  the  wafer.  This  bluish-green 
image  is  called  an  oc'ular  tpectrwn,  because  it  is 
impressed  upon  the  eye  and  may  be  retained  for 
a  short  time ;  and  the  colour  bluish-green,  is  said 
to  be  the  accidental  colour  of  the  red.  If  this 
experiment  be  made  with  wafers  of  different  co- 
lours, other  accidental  colours  will  be  observed, 
varying  with  the  colour  of  the  wafer  employed, 
as  in  the  following  table : — 

Colour  of  tb«  Accidental  col  oar,  or  eolonr  of  the 

Water.  ocular  spectrum. 

Bed Bluish  green 

Orange Blue. 

Yellow Indigo. 

Green Violet  with  a  little  red. 

Blue Orange  red. 

Indigo Orange  yellow. 

Violet Yellow-green. 

Black White. 

White Black. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  be  ranged  in 
a  circle,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  the  spec- 
trum itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any  particu- 
lar colour  will  be  found  directly  opposite.  Hence, 
the  two  colours  have  been  termed  opposite  colour*. 
It  will  follow  from  what  has  been  said,  that  if  the 
primary  colour,  or  that  to  which  the  eye  has  been 
first  directed,  be  added  to  the  accidental  colour, 
the  result  must  be  the  same  impression  as  that 
produced  by  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  spec- 
trum—  white  light  The  accidental  colour,  in 
otlu-r  words,  is  what  the  primitive  colour  requires 
to  m.iko  it  white  light  The  primitive  and  acci- 
dental colours  are,  therefore,  complement*  of  each 
other;  and  hence  accidental  colours  have  also 
been  culled  complementary  colour*.  They  have 
likewise  been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  pri- 
mitive and  its  accidental  colour  harmonize  with 
each  other  in  painting. 

COLPAL'GIA,  from  kqXkos,  'vagina,'  and 
*\yo<,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  vagina. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Elytratre'eia,  from  *oA*oc, 
'vagina,'  and  arprjTog,  'without  opening.'  Im- 
perforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEMPHRAX'IS,  from  wXiraj,  'vagina,' 
and  tn<ppa$is,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the 
vagina  t)y  foreign  bodies. 

COLPEURYNTER,  Speculum  vaginae. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOCACE,  JEdoeoti'ti*  gangrano'sa,  Qan- 
gra'na  genita'lium  et  vagi'na.  Putrescency  or 
gangrene  of  the  vagina  and  labia. 

Colpopace  Infantilis,  jEda>oti'ti*  gangra- 
no'sa  puella'rum,  Noma  pudendo'rum.  Gangrene 
or  putrescency  of  the  vagina  and  genitals  in  young 
children. 

ColpocacH  PrjBRPKRA'RUif,  JEdaoti'ti*  Oan- 
grano'sa  puerpera'rum,  Tocodomycodori'ti*  ma- 
lig*na  vagina' li*  (Ritgen).  Sloughing  of  the 
vagina  and  genitals  in  puerperal  women. 

COLPOCELE,  Elytrocele. 

COLP0CYST0T0M'IA,from  «»Awc,  'vagina,' 
nvris,  '  bladder,'  and  reun,  '  incision.'  Sectio  va- 
gi'no-verica' lis.    Lithotomy  through  the  vagina. 

COLPODESMORRAPH'IA,  from  roX™*,  ''va- 
gina,' Scauot,  'ligament,'  and  pacprj,  'suture.'  The 
removal  of  a  part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 


vagina  for  the  radical  cure  of  prolapsus  vagina 

et  uteri. 

COLPCBDEMA,  Elytrcedema. 

COLPOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginse. 

COLPORRHA'GIA,  Elytrorrha'gia,  from  *©A- 
xof,  'vagina,'  and  ptiywui,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

COLPORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra  vagi'na;  from 
KoXxosy  'vagina,'  and  p/£c,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  vagina.     Also,  colporrhagia. 

COLPORRH(EA,  Leucorrhoea, 

COLPOS,  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.  Inflammation  of  the  vagina. 
Synonymous  with  Elytroi'ti*,  Elytri'ti*,  Colel'ti*, 
Colpi'ti*.    See  Leucorrhoea. 

C  0  L  P  0  S  T  E  G  N  0  'SIS,  Coleo*tegno'*i*,  from 
KoXvot,  '  vagina,'  and  oTtyvau,  '  I  close.'  Atresia, 
or  obliteration  of  the  vagina. 

COLPOSTENOCIIORIA,  Coleostegnosis. 

COLPOSYNIZESIS,  Coleostegnosis. 

COLPOT'OMY,  Colpotom'ia,  from  KoXmc,  'va- 
gina,' and  TOftrtt  'incision.'  An  incision  of  the 
vagina  in  parturition. 

COLT'S  FOOT,  Asarum  Canadense,  Tuseilago. 

COL'UBER  BERUS.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  viper,  Vi'pera,  (F.)  Couleuvret  Vipire.  A 
poisonous  reptile — the  poison  lying  in  small  sacs 
near  its  teeth.  The  flesh  is  innocent,  and  has 
been  often  taken  in  scrofula,  and  in  cutaneous 
disorders  in  general,  but  it  is  inefficacious. 

COLUBRINA,  Polygonum  bistorta—  e.  Dra- 
co nti  a,  Arum  dracunculus  —  c.  Lusitanica,  Eu- 
phorbia capitata — o.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pen taria. 

COLUM,  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aqnilcgia  vulgaris  —  c  Wild, 
Aquilegia  Canadensis. 

COL  UMBO,  Calumba — c.  American,  see  Ca- 
lumba — c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula. 

•COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato- 
mists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble  a 
column  or  pillar ;  hence  for  the  penis. 

Columna  Adstans  Inquinibds,  Penis  —  c 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column. 

Colum'na  Nasi.  The  cartilaginous  part  of  the 
septum  of  the  nostrils.     See  Nares. 

Columna  Oris,  Uvula — c.  Spinalis,  Vertebral 
column — o.  Virginitatis,  Hymen — c.  Foraminis 
oval  is,  see  Ovalis  fossa — c.  Valvula?  Vieussenii, 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii — c  Vertebralis,  Vertebral 
column. 

COLUM'NA  CAR'NE^,  Colum'na  Cordi*, 
Lacer'ti  vel  Lacer'tuli  vel  Fune*  vel  Fa*cic'uli 
ter'ete*  Cordi*,  Trabe*  sen  Trabec'ula  Cordi*, 
(F.)  Colonne*  charnue*  du  coeur.  Small,  fleehy 
columns,  which  project,  more  or  less,  into  the 
auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart,  whose  use 
appears  to  be  to  prevent  too  great  dilatation  of 
those  cavities.  A  few  of  these  columna  —  see 
Musculi  papilla' re* — are  attached  by  one  extre- 
mity to  the  walls  of  the  heart,  and,  by  the  other, 
give  insertion  to  chorda)  tendineao. 

Columnjc  Carnejb  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum 
— c.  Papillares,  see  Columns©  Carnese. 

COLUMNEA  LONGIFOLIA,  Bahel. 

COLUMNS,  MEDIAN,  POSTERIOR  OF 
THE  MEDULLA  OBLONGATA,  Funiculi  gra- 
eiles — e.  of  Morgagni  or  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rec- 
tum—  o.  of  the  Spinal  Marrow,  see  Vertebral 
Nerves. 

COLUS  JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

COLUSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLU'TEA,  C.  Arbore*'cen*,  C  hirtu'ta,  Senna 

Oerman'ica,  Bladder  Senna,  (F.)  Baguenaudier, 

Faux  Sine".    Fam.  Leguminosss.     Sex.  Sy*t.  Di- 

,  adelphia  Decandria.     The  leaves  are  slightly 


OOLUVRISE  M  VIRGINIE 


224 


COMMOTIO 


purgative,  and  are  often  mixed  with  those  of  the 
cassia  senna. 

COLUVRINE  DE  VIRGINIE,  Aristoloehia 
serpentaria. 

COLYM'BADES,  Pickled  Olive*.  These, 
when  bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were 
supposed  to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication. — Dios- 
coridcs. 

COLYMBIFERA  MINOR,  Mentha  crispa. 

COMA,  Semisomfnis,  Semieopi'tus,  Semisopo'- 
rus,  Subeth,  (Arab.)  A  profound  state  of  Bleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse  the 
individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distinguished, 
1.  Coma  vigil,  Coma  agrypno'des,  Pervigilium, 
Vigil' i<&  nim'ia,  Typho'nta,  Veter'nue,  Vetcmoe'- 
itas,  Agrypnoco'ma,  Carta  lethar'gus  vigil.  Ty- 
pkoma'nia,  which  is  accompanied  with  delirium. 
The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  but  opens  them 
when  called ;  and  closes  them  again  immediately. 
This  state  is  accompanied  with  considerable  rest- 
lessness. 2.  Coma  SomnoUn'tum,  C,  Comato'des  ; 
—•in  which  the  patient  speaks  when  roused,  but 
remains  silent  and  immovable  in  the  intervals. 
Coma  is  a  deeper  sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so 
than  lethargy  and  carve. 

Coma.,  Capillus  —  o.  Agrypnodes,  see  Coma  — 
e.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  o.  Csosarea,  Plica — o. 
Comatodeg,  see  Coma — o.  Somnolentum,  Somno- 
lency, see  Coma  —  c.  Vigil,  see  Coma. 

COMA  CON,  Myristica  moschata. 

COMAN'DRA  UMBELLA'TA,  Bastard  Toad- 
flax ;  indigenous ;  Order,  Santalaoeee :  flowering 
in  May  and  June ;  has  been  used  in  fevers  by 
some  of  the  Indian  tribes. 

COMAROS,  Arbutus  unedo. 

COMA'RUM  PALUS'TRfi,  Potentil'la  palus'- 
tris,  Mareh  Cinque/oil.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Family,  Rosace®,  which  flowers  in  June.  It  is 
possessed  of  astringent  virtues. 

CO'MATA,  from  Kwpa.  Diseases  characterised 
by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary  motion, 
with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the  senses. — 
Cullen. 

COMATEUX,  Comatose. 

COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'dee,  Caroficus,  Carofdee, 
(F.)  Comateux.  Relating  to  or  resembling  coma : 
— as  comatoee  sleep^comatose  fever,  Ac. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn  — c  Spontanea,  Combus- 
tion, human. 

COMBUS'TION,  HUMAN,  Spontaneous  Com- 
bus'tion  or  Preternatural  Combustibility,  Cata- 
eavfsis,  Tachencau'sis,  Incen'dium  sponta'neum, 
Combus'tio  sponta'nea,  Autempresm'us,  Catacau'eie 
ebrio'ea,  (F.)  Combuetion  humaine,  C.  spontanie. 
These  terms  have  been  applied  to  the  extraordi- 
nary phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction  of  the 
human  body,  by  being  reduced  to  ashes  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  an  ignited 
substance.  It  is  said  to  have  occurred  in  the 
aged,  and  in  those  that  were  fat  and  hard 
drinkers.  In  such,  Dr.  Traill  has  found  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the  blood. 
Vioq  d'Azyi,  Lair,  and  Dupuytren  think  it  neces- 
sary, that  the  body  should  be  placed  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  substance.  Le  Cat,  Kopp,  and 
Mare  are  of  opinion  that  this  is  not  necessary. 
The  former  appears  to  be  the  more  probable  view. 

COMBUSTURA,  Burn. 

COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 

COME6  ARCHIATRORUM,  see  Exarehlater. 

COMESTIBLE,  (F.)  Edu'lis,  from  eomedere, 
'to  eat.'  Eatable,  (F.)  tidule.  Esculent  When 
thif  word  is  used  substantively,  in  French  as  in 
English,  it  means  solid  food. 


COMEZ.    Half  a  drop.— Ruland. 

COMFREY,  Symphytum—*.  Spotted,  Pulmo. 
naria. 

COMISTE,  Aliment. 

COMMANDUCATIO,  Mastication. 

COMMEM'ORATIVE,  Commemorati'vue,  from 
eommemorare,  (eon  and  memor,)  *  to  cause  to  re- 
member.' That  which  recalls,  or  rather  which 
is  recalled. 

Commemorative  Signs,  (F.)  Signee  commemo- 
ratifs,  are  those,  deduced  from  circumstances 
which  have  gone  before;  or  rather,  according  to 
others,  those  which  point  out  the  preceding  con- 
dition of  the  patient  They  are  also  called  An- 
amnestic eigne, 

COMMENSUM,  Symmetry. 

COMMERCIUM,  Sympathy. 

COMMI,  Gummi. 

COM'MINUTED,  Comminu'tus,  from  eommt- 
nuere,  (con  and  mintto,)  'to  break  to  pieces.' 
(F.)  Comminutif  A  comminuted  fracture  is  one 
in  which  the  bone  is  broken  into  a  number  of 
pieces. 

COMMINU'TION,  Comminu'tio,  Tkrypsis, 
Leio'eie,  Same  etymon.  Fracture  of  a  bone 
into  a  number  of  pieces. 

COMMISSURA,  Articulation. 

Commissura  Anterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
anterior,  of  the  Brain. 

Commissu'ra  Brevis.  A  lobule  or  prominence 
of  the  inferior  vermiform  process  of  the  cerebel- 
lum, situate  in  the  incisura  posterior,  below  the 
horizontal  fissure. 

Commissura  Labioruy,  Prostomia — c.  Magna 
cerebri,  Corpus  callosum— c.  Nervea,  Syndesmo- 
sis— c.  Ossium  carnea,  SyssaroosiB. 

Commissura  Posterior  Cerebri,  Commissura, 
posterior,  of  the  Brain. 

Commissura  Simplex.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process,  near 
the  incirara  posterior  of  the  cerebellum. 

COMMISSURAL;  same  etymon  as  commis- 
sure.    Of  or  belonging  to  a  commissure. 

COM'MISSURE,  Commissu'ra,  Compa'ges, 
Compagina'tio,  Sym'phyeis,  Sym'boli;  from  com- 
mitto,  (con  and  mitto,)  *  I  join  together/  A  point 
of  union  between  two  parts :  thus,  the  commis- 
sures of  the  eyelids,  lips,  Ac,  are  the  angles, 
which  they  form  at  the  place  of  union.  Sea 
Fibres,  converging. 

Com'missure,  Ante'rior,  or  the  Brain,  Com- 
miesu'ra  ante'rior  cerebri,  (F.)  Commissure  awfl- 
rieure  du  cerveau,  A  small  medullary  fasciculus, 
situate  transversely  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
third  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two  hemispheres. 

Commissure,  Great,  of  the  Brain,  Commis- 
su'ra Magna  Cerebri,  (F.)  Grande  commissure  du 
cerveau,  which  unites  the  two  hemispheres  for 
some  extent,  is  the  Corpus  callo'sum. 

Commissure,  Middle,  or  the  Brain.  A  layer 
of  gray  substance  uniting  the  thalami  opticL 

Commissure,  Oblique  or  Intercerebral,  see 
Valvula  Vieussenii  —  c.  Optic,  see  Chiasmus. 

Commissure,  Posterior,  or  the  Brain,  Com- 
miasn'ra  poste'rior  cer'ebri,  A  medullary  band, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  third  or  middle 
ventricle. 

Commissure  or  the  Uvea,  Ciliary  ligament 

COMMISSURE  DE  LA  CHOROIDE,  Cili- 
ary ligament 

COMMO'SIS,  from  xoiipou,  'I  adorn.'  The 
art  of  concealing  natural  aeformities,  as  by  paint- 
ing the  face.     See,  also,  Propolis. 

COMMO'TICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant  tha 
art  of  communicating  factitious  beauty  to  a  per- 
son.    Painting  the  face ;  Comopor'ia. 

COMMOTIO,  Motion,  Concussion— c  Cerebri 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 


COMMOTION 


m 


COMPRESSION 


COMMOTION,  Conoussion —  e.  du  Cerveau, 

Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COMMU'NICANS,  from  communis,  'common.' 
Cvniun'gens.  That  which  communicates  or  esta- 
blishes a  communication.  Communicant  There 
are  two  Arteria  Communican'tes,  both  within  the 
cranium; — the  one  anterior,  very  short,  and  ex- 
tending transversely  from  one  anterior  cerebral 
artery  to  the  other, — the  other  posterior,  called 
also  Communicant  Willi*' it,  which  passes  from 
the  internal  carotid  to  the  posterior  cerebral  ar- 
tery.   It  is  a  branch  of  the  basilary.  / 

Communicans  Noxl  A  long  slender  nervous 
branch,  formed  by  filaments  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  cervical  nerves,  which  descends  upon 
the  outer  side  of  the  internal  jugular  vein,  and 
forms  a  loop  with  the  descendenfi  noni  over  the 
sheath  of  the  carotids. 

Communicans  Peboxxi,  see  Communicans  pop- 
lltei. 

Communicans  Popltte'i,  C.  tibia'lis  (nervue.) 
A  large  nerve,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal ; 
and,  at  a  variable  distance  below  the  articulation 
of  the  knee,  receives  the  communicant  peronei 
from  the  peroneal  nerve, — the  two  forming  the 
external  saphenous  nerve, 

Communicans  Tibialis,  Communicans  poplitei. 

COMPACT,  Compac'tus,  from  con  and  pangere, 
'to  strike,  to  fix/  Solid,  close.  (F.)  Compact*. 
The  term  Compact  Tittue  is  given  to  the  hardest 
and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

COMPARES,  Articulation,  Commissure— c. 
Ossium  per  Lin  earn  Simplicem,  Harmony  —  c 
Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  column. 

COMPAGINATIO,  Commissure. 

COMPAS  &£PAISSEUR,  see  Pelvimeter. 

COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 

COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba, 

COMPENSATION,  BalancemenU 

COMPEPER,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPER'NIS ;  from  con,  and  perna,  'a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on/  One  who  has  his 
knees  turned  inwards.  A  case  of  distortion  of 
the  legs. 

COMPETENTIA  MEMBRORUM  OMNIUM, 


COMPLAINT,  Disease. 

Complaint,  Family,  see  Hereditary. 

COMPLEMENTAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLETIO,  Plethora. 

COMPLEX,  Complex1 us,  from  con,  'with/  and 
plectere,  '  to  twist.'  Embracing  several  distinct 
things.  Chaussier  uses  this  term,  in  his  anato- 
mical descriptions,  for  complicated. 

COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusio, 
Temperament 

COMPLEXION,  Complex' io.  This  is  often 
employed,  in  English,  for  the  colour  of  the  face, 
as  "  He  has  a  good  complexion" — a  "tallow  com- 
plexion" Ac  It  formerly  had  a  more  extensive 
signification,  and  still  has  in  France.  It  signifies 
the  aggregate  of  physical  characters  presented 
by  any  individual,  considered  with  respect  to  his 
external  arrangement  or  condition.  It  means 
more  than  constitution,  for  which  it  is  used  syno- 
nymously in  many  cases ;  and  differs  from  tem- 
perament, which  is  less  the  external  condition 
of  the  body  than  the  state  or  disposition  of  the 
organs  in  health. — H.  Cloquet 

COMPLEXUS,  Complex. 

Complexus  MnroB,  MattoXdeua  lot  era' lit,  Tra- 
che'lo-ma9toldeut,(F.)Trache'lo-maatoldienf  Muscle 
petit  Complexut.  It  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  last  four  cervical  vertebra,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  mastoid  process. 

Complexes  Mus'culus,  Biven'ttr  Oervi'ds, 
Complexut  Major,  Dorso-trackilon-occipital,  Tra- 
it 


cMIo-occipital  (Ch.),  (F.)  Mutch  grand  complex**. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  hind  part  of  the  neck, 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  that  separates 
the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  os  occipitis  to  the  transverse  and  articular 
processes  of  the  last  six  cervical  vertebrae,  as 
well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal.  It  servos 
to  straighten,  incline,  and  turn  the  head. 

COMPLICATION,  Complica'tio,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  plicare,  'to  fold/  In  medicine,  it 
means  the  presence  of  several  diseases,  morhi 
com  plica' ti  seu  perplex' i,  or  of  several  adventi- 
tious circumstances  foreign  to  the  primary  disease. 

COMPOSITION,  Compotit'io,  from  compo- 
nere,  (con  and  ponere, '  to  place ;' '  to  place  toge- 
ther/ Syn' thesis.  The  act  of  composing  or  com- 
pounding,— of  medicines  for  example ;  lamato- 
syntax* it.  Also,  the  Compound,  Compottitum,  of 
thing  compounded.     Likewise,  a  contotaaUoa, 

COMPOSITUM,  Compound. 

COMPOUND.  Same  etymology ;  to  mix  me- 
dicines. To  mingle  different  ingredients  into 
one  whole.  Used  selectively,  compound  signifies 
the  result  of  the  union  of  several  medicinal 
agents,  as  "a  compound  medicine/' 

COMPREHENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

COMPRENSIO,  Catalopsy. 

COM' PRESS,  Compre**sa,  Splenium,  Spleniola, 
Splenis'cat,  Pla'gula,  Penicil'lum,  Penic'ulum, 
from  comprimere,  (con,  and  premere,  '  to  press/) 
'to  press  together/  (F.)  Compretse.  Folded 
pieces  of  lint  or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by  the  aid 
of  a  bandage,  to  make  due  pressure  upon  any 
part.  According  to  their  shape,  direction,  and 
use,  compresses  have  been  called  long  ((F.)  Ion- 
guettet,)  square  (carries,)  triangular,  prismatic, 
graduated  (graduies,)  split  (/endues,)  fen$tr4cs, 
cribliet,  croix  de  Malte,  oblique,  circular,  divid- 
ing (divisives,)  uniting  (unisantes,)  cribriform,  Ac. 

The  Umsohlagor  compress  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  cloth,  well  wetted  with  cold  water, 
applied  to  the  surface  near  the  supposed  seat  of 
disease,  securely  covered  with  a  dry  cloth,  and 
changed  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  layer  of  oiled  silk,  to  pre- 
vent evaporation. 

COMPRESSEUR  DE  DUPUTTREN,  Com- 
pressor of  Dupnytren  —  c.  du  Xez,  Compressor 
nasi  —  c  de  la  Prottate,  Compressor  prostatas. 

COMPRESSIO,  Compression,  Thlipsis. 

COMPRESSION,  Compreseio,  Enerei'sis. 
Same  etymology.  Pressure;  methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequently  had  recourse  to 
in  surgery.  We  compress  a  limb,  affected  with 
oedema,  varices,  hydropt  articuli,  callous  ulcer,  Ac. 
The  abdomen  is  compressed  after  delivery,  after 
paracentetic  abdominis,  Ac.  The  compression  is 
produced  by  means  of  the  roller,  laced  stocking, 
Ac,  according  to  the  part,  and  to  the  particular 
case.  Moderate  pretsure  aids  the  contractility 
of  parts,  and  excites  the  action  of  the  absorbents ; 
so  that  large  tumours  at  times  disappear  after  it 
has  been  used  for  some  time  A  greater  degree 
of  pressure  occasions,  still  more,  the  emaciation 
of  the  part,  but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  circula- 
tion. Pressure  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds 
of  arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  com- 
pression may  be  immediate,  when  applied  upon 
the  artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
plied through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term  Compression  immediate 
laUrale  for  that  which  is  exerted  perpendicularly 
to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten  its  sides. 
It  is  practised  with  the  finger,  forceps,  tourniquet, 
compresses,  Ac 

Compbes'bion  of  THE  Brain.  This  may  ariff 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  soft  tumour,  • 


COMPRESSIVE 


226 


CONCHA 


bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
■kail,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body.  The 
effects  vary,  according  as  the  compression  takes 
place  suddenly  or  gradually.  When  suddenly, 
the  symptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apoplectic 
character.  When  gradually,  mania,  convulsions, 
Ac,  are  more  likely  to  occur.  Compression, 
arising  from  a  depressed  portion  of  skull,  requires 
the  use  of  the  trephine. 

COMPRESSIVE,  Compressi'vus.  That  which 
compresses.  A  compressive  bandage  is  one  that 
oompresses  the  parts  to  which  it  is  applied. 

COMPRESSOR  or  COMPRESSO'RIUM  OF 
DUPUYTREN,  (F.)  Compresseur  de  Dupuytren. 
An  instrument  for  compressing  the  femoral  ar- 
tery, invented  by  Dnpuytren.  It  is  constructed 
on  the  same  principles  as  the  tourniquet  of  J.  L. 
Petit,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect,* — 
that,  instead  of  being  maintained  in  its  place  by  a 
strap,  which  always  compresses  more  or  less  the 
circumference  of  the  limb,  the  two  pads  are  placed 
at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of  steel,  which,  by 
passing  from  one  to  the  other  without  touching 
the  parts,  limits  the  pressure  to  two  opposite 
points  of  the  thigh,  and  permits  the  collateral 
circulation  to  go  on. 

Compressor  Naris,  lien  a' us,  Nasa'lis,  Trans- 
versa'lis  Nasi,  Myrti/orm'is,  Dilatato'res  ala'rum 
■nasi,  Constric'tor  Na»it  C.  Na'rium,  C.  Naris, 
Triangula' ris  Nasi,  (F.)  Maxillo  -narinal,  Sus- 
•maxillo- nasal, —  (Ch., )  Compresseur  du  nez, 
Transversal  du  nez.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides 
of  the  nose ;  flat  and  triangular.  It  arises  from 
'the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and  passes  to 
the  dorsum  of  the  nose ;  where  it  \i  confounded 
jwith  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

Com  pressor  or  Constrictor  or  Nuck.  An 
•instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  ob- 
viate incontinence  of  urine.  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  .iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  to 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  that 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perinao. 

Compressor  Pros'tat^s,  Prostat'icus  supe'- 
rior,  Pubio-prostat'icus,  Sub -pubio-prostat'icus, 
(■E.)  Compresseur  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albinus,  which  is  formed  of  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  the 
prostate.  It  is  the  Prostat'icus  supe'rior  of 
Whtslow. 

Compressor  Ure'thrje.  A  muscle  consisting 
of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse  in  its 
direction,  and,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
•particularly  described  by  Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been 
•called  Guthrie's  muscle.  It  arises  from  the  ramus 
of  the  ischium,  and  passes  inwards  to  embrace 
the  membranous  urethra.  The  other  portion  is 
perpendicular,  descending  from  the  pubis  and 
passing  down  to  be  inserted  into  the  transverse 
■portion  of  the  muscle.  This  portion  has  been 
-considered  by  many  to  be  only  the  anterior  fibros 
of  the  levator  ani ;  and  having  been  described 
by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has  been  called  Wilson's  muscle. 

Compressor  Ven^  Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A  small 
muscle,  distinctly  seen  in  animals,  less  distinctly 
in  man,  which  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
•and  ascending  in  a  direction  forwards  is  inserted 
above  the  vena  dorsaliB,  joining  with  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  on  the  mesial  line.  Its  use 
•is  supposed  to  compress  the  vein  in  erection.  It 
.is  sometimes  called  the  muscle  of  Houston,  after 
Dr.  Houston  of  Dublin. 

COMPRtfSSORIUM,  Compressor. 

COMPTO'NIAASPLENIFO'LIA,Zitftii«fam'- 
o«r  peregri'na,  L.  aspleni/o'lia,  Myolca  aspleni- 
fo'lia,  Sweet  Fern,  Shrubby  Sweet  Fern,  Sweet 
bushy  Fern  bush,  Fern  gale,  Spleenwort  bush, 
Meadow  fern,  Astringent  root.  An  indigenous 
•hrutby  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stony 


woods  from  New  England  to  Virginia.  It  pos- 
sesses tonic  and  astringent  properties,  and  is  used 
as  a  domestic  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  Ac,  in  the 
form  of  decoction. 

COMPUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncturing. 

CONjESTHESIS,  Coensssthesia, 

CONARIUM,  Pineal  gland. 

CONATUS,  Effort. 

CONCARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CONCASSER,  (F.),  from  conquaeeare,  (eon, 
and  quassare,  'to  shake  much/)  'to  break  to 
pieces/  '  to  comminute.'  To  reduce  roots,  woods, 
Ac.  into  small  fragments,  in  order  that  their  ac- 
tive principles  may  be  more  readily  separated 
from  them. 

CONCAU'SA,  Concaus'sa,  Synaptic*.  A  cause 
which  co-operates  with  another,  in  the  produc- 
tion of  disease. 

CONCAVITAS  CONCHULARIS  CEREBRI, 
Infundibulum  of  tho  brain. 

CONCAVUM  PEDIS,  Bole. 

CONCENTRAN'TIA,  from  eon  and  centrum, 
'  a  centre.'  A  name  once  given  to  absorbents  of 
acids. 

CONCENTRATION.  Concentra'tio.  A  word 
sometimes  used,  in  medical  theories,  to  express 
an  afflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensibility 
or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.  It  is  applied, 
also,  to  the  pulsation  of  arteries,  when  not  easily 
felt  under  the  finger. 

POULS  CONCENTRE,  (F.)  A  term  ap- 
plied by  the  French  to  a  pulse  of  the  above 
character. 

CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA,  Vesical® 
seminarian 

CONCEPTACULUM,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

CONCEPTIO,  Conception  —  c  Vittosa,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine. 

CONCEPTION,  Concep'tio,  Concep'tus,  Cye'- 
sis,  Syllep'sis,  Androlept sia*  from  concipio,  (con 
and  capio,)  '  I  conceive.'  The  impregnation  ox* 
the  ovum  by  the  positive  contact  of  the  male 
sperm,  whence  result*  a  new  being.  The  whole 
subject  of  conception  is  most  mysterious.  It 
seems  to  occur  as  follows.  During  the  sexual 
union,  the  male  sperm  passes  along  the  uterus 
and  Fallopian  tubes :  the  fimbriated  extremities 
of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium;  and  the 
sperm  in  this  manner  comes  in  contact  with  a 
maturated  ovum,  and  impregnates  it.  The  fe- 
cundated ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium, 
but  at  length  bursts  its  covering,  is  laid  hold  of 
by  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian 
tube,  and  passes  along  the  tube  into  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus,  where  it  remains  for  the  full  period 
of  utero-gestation.  Some  are  of  opinion,  that 
the  ovum  is  not  impregnated  until  it  has  entered 
the  Fallopian  tubes,  or  uterus. 

Conception,  False,  Falsus  Concep'tus,  Spuf- 
rium  germen,  (F.)  Fausse  conception,  Faux  germe. 
An  irregular,  preternatural  conception,  the  result 
of  which  is  a  mole  or  some  similar  production, 
instead  of  a  properly  organized  foetus.  See  Mole. 

CONCEP'TUS.     The  first  rudiments  of  the 
foetus,  after  conception.    Also,  conception. 
•   Conceptus  Falsus,  Conception,  false. 

CONCHA,  Conchus.  A  liquid  measure, 
amongst  the  Athenians,  equal  to  half  an  ounce. 
Anatomists  apply  this  term  to  several  hollow 
parts  of  the  body ; — as  the  Concha  of  the  Ear,-— 
Concha  Auris,  Concha  Auric' ulcs ;  (F.)  Conque —  > 
the  hollow  part  of  the  cartilage  of  the  external 
ear.  It  has,  also,  boen  applied  to  the  genital 
organs  of  the  female ;  to  the  patella,  Ac. 

Concha,  Patella,  Turbinated  bone  (middle,) 
Vulva  —  c.  Auris  interna,  Cochlea — c.  Cerebri, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain — c.  Genu,  Patella — o. 
Inferior,  Turbinated  bene,  (inferior)  —  c  Laby- 


CONCHA  NARIUM 


127 


coimmr 


rmthi,  Cochlea — c.  Morgagniana,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior) — a  Narium  superior,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior). 

CONCH4B  NARIUM,  Turbinated  bones. 

OONCHA'RUM  ANTIFEBRI'LE.  A  febri- 
fuge and  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  Pharma- 
copoeia. It  was  composed  of  vinegar,  mussel- 
shells,  and  water  of  Carduus  benedictus. 

CONCHO-HELIX.  A  small,  fleshy,  fascicu- 
lus, attached  to  the  concha  of  the  ear  and  helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  small  muscle  of  the  helix, 

CONCHUS,  Concha.  The  cranium.  In  the 
plural,  it  means  the  orbitar  cavities. — CastellL 

Conchus  Oculi,  Orbit. 

CONCHYLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CONCIDBNTIA,  Collapse. 

CONCILIA  CORPORALIA,  Coitus. 

CONCIL'IUM.  A  milky  plant,  referred  to  by 
Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  antiphthisicaL  Adanson 
considers  it  to  be  a  Campanula, 

CONCOCTED,.  Concoc'tus,  Matura'tus,  Pevei'- 
rus;  from  eon  and  coquere,  'to  boil.'  Brought  to 
maturity;  ripe;  concocted;  digested. 

CONCOCTIO,  Coction— c.  Tarda,  Dyspepsia. 

CONCOCTION,  Coction. 

CONCOMBRE  ORDINAIRE,  Cucumis  sati- 
rufl — c.  Sauvage",  Momordica  elaterium. 

CONCOMITANS,  Concomitant. 

CONCOM'ITANT,  Ooncom'itans,  from  eon  and 
eomitare,  (itself  from  comire,  —  cum  and  ire,)  'to 
go  with.'  That  which  accompanies.  A  symptom 
which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 

CONCREMENTA  ZOOHYLICA,  see  Zoo- 
hyliea. 

CONCREMENTUM,  Concretion. 

CONCRETIO,  Adherence,  Concretion— c. 
Palpebrarum  cum  bulbo  oculi,  Symblepharosis. 

CONCRE'TION,  Conere'tio,  Conor  emen' turn, 
from  concrescere,  (eon and  crescere,)  'to  condense, 
thicken,  become  solid :'  Pexia,  Sympex'is,  vvfat 
rofiTTifc.  The  act  of  becoming  thick  or  solid. 
It  was  once  used  synonymously  with  adhesion  or 
growing  together,  —  as,  "  concretion  of  the  toes." 
Most  commonly,  it  is  applied  to  extraneous  and 
inorganic  bodies,  of  a  solid  character,  met  with 
in  different  textures,  after  certain  chronic  inflam- 
mations ;  or  which  make  their  appearance  in  the 
joints  or  in  the  reservoirs  for  excrementitial  fluids. 
Concretion  is,  therefore,  frequently  synonymous 
with  Calculus,  and  is  then  rendered,  in  Latin,  by  the 
word  Goncrementum.  But  Concretion  has  a  more 
extensive  signification  than  Calculus;  thus,  acci- 
dental ossifications  or  deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime 
in  certain  organs,  and  especially  in  the  liver  and 
lungs,  are  properly  called  osseous  concretion*. 
They  could  not  well  be  called  osseous  calculi. 

Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous,  Po- 
ltpiform,  or  Polypus,  op  the  Hbart,  see  Poly- 
pus — c.  Intestinalis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and 
Intestines. 

CONCRETIONES  ALVIN.B,  Calculi  of  the 
itomach  and  intestines. 

CONCUBITUS,  Coition— c  Venereus,  Coition. 

CONCUR'SUS,  from  concurrere,  (con,  and  cur- 
rere,  eursum,  'to  run,')  'to  meet  together/  Syn'- 
dromi.  The  congeries  or  collection  of  symptoms, 
which  constitute  and  distinguish  a  particular  dis- 
ease. 

CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  eoncutio, 
(con  and  quatere,  'to  shake/)  'I  shake  together.' 
Cbncus'sio,  Thlasma  Concus'sio,  Gommo'tio,  Ana- 
sWmus,  Tinagmus,  (F.)  Commotion.  In  Surgery, 
H  is  used  for  the  agitation  often  communicated  to 
one  organ  by  a  fall  upon  another;  as  to  the  brain 
from  a  fall  on  the  breech,  Ac. 

In  all  severe  injuries:  in  sudden  encephalic 
hemorrhage,  and  in  overwhelming  emotions,  a 


concussion  or  skocjk  is  felt  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent in  the  nervous  system,  which  requires  the 
careful  attention  of  the  physician. 

Concussion  ot  the  Brain,  Commo'tio  Ger'ebri, 
Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  traumatica,  Encephalosier- 
mus,  (F.)  Commotion  du  Cerveau,  sometimes  fives 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  without  any  ten- 
Bible  organic  disease.  Slight  concussion  of  the 
brain,  called  stunning,  consists  in  vertigo,  tinnitus 
aurium,  loss  of  memory,  and  stupefaction;  all 
these  being  temporary.  When  more  severe,  there 
is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition,  vomiting, 
the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound  sleep,  but  there 
is  no  stertorous  breathing.  Pulse  variable,  gene- 
rally more  rapid  and  feeble  than  in  compression ; 
extremities  cold.  Little  can  bo  done  here,  till 
reaction  has  occurred:  after  this,  the  case  must 
be  treated  according  to  general  principles,  —  by 
bleeding,  blisters,  cold  applied  to  the  head,  Ac. 
After  severe  concussion,  a  patient,  although  ap- 
parently well,  is  not  safe  till  some  time  after  the 
accident. 

CONDENSAN'TIA,from  eon  and  ctetum, 
'dense;'  Incrassan'tia.  Medicines  esteemed 
proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Condensation,  Stegnosis. 

CONDENSATION,  Condensa'Ho,  Inspissa'tio. 
Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other  liquids, 
or  of  the  solids,  whioh  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  human  body. 

CONDENSER,  see  Alembic. 

Conden'ser,  Liebig's.  A  distillatory  arrange- 
ment, invented  by  Liebig,  in  which  the  tube  con- 
veying the  vapour  is  made  to  pass  through  an- 
other tube,  the  calibre  of  which  is  such  as  to 
leave  a  space  between  the  two,  through  whioh  a 
stream  of  water  may  be  made  to  run. 

CON'DIMENT.  Condimen'tvm,  Ar'tyma,  He- 
dys'ma,  Conditu'ra,  from  condire,  'to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaissonnement.  Some  substances  are  called, 
at  times,  aliments,  and  at  others,  condiments,  ac- 
cording as  they  constitute  the  basis  or  the  acces- 
sory to  any  dish :  such  are  cream,  butter,  mush- 
rooms, olives,  Ac  Others  are  always  condiments, 
as  they  are  only  used  to  improve  the  savour  of 
food,  and  contain  but  little  nutritive  matter.  Such 
are  pepper,  salt,  cinnamon,  Ac.  Almost  all  con- 
diments are  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 

CONDIT,  Confection. 

CONDPTUM,  same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some  aro- 
matic s,  especially  pepper.    Also,  a  confection. 

CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 

CONDOM,  Armour,  (F.)  Baudruche,  Redin- 
gote  Anglaise,  Oant  dee  Dames,  Calotte  cFassnr 
ance.  The  intestinum  caecum  of  a  sheep,  soaked 
for  some  hours  in  water,  turned  inside  out,  ma- 
cerated again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley,  —  changed 
every  twelve  hours,  and  scraped  carefully  to  ab- 
stract the  mucous  membrane,  leaving  the  perito  - 
neal  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the  vapour  of 
burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards  washed  with 
soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown  up,  dried,  cut 
to  the  length  of  seven  or  eight  inches,  and  bor- 
dered at  the  open  end  with  a  riband.  It  is  drawn 
over  the  penis  prior  to  coition,  to  prevent  vene- 
real infection  and  pregnancy. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spasm,  Convulsion. 

CONDUCTION,  VIBRATIONS  OP,  see 
Sound. 

CONDUCTOR,  Director,  Itinera'rium,  (F.) 
Conducteur;  from  con,  'with/  and  ducere,  'to 
lead/  That  whioh  conducts.  The  Conductor  was 
an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the  high  opera- 
tion for  the  stone,  for  directing  the  forceps  into 
the  bladder. 

CONDUIT,  Canal  —  c.  Avdittf  extsrne,  Audi, 


CONDUITS 


228 


CONFECTIO 


taty  canal,  external— c  Audit}/  interne,  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  e.  Aurtcufatre,  Auditory  canal, 
external — c  Cholidoque,  Choledoch  duct — o.  Di- 
firent,  Deferens — c  d'Eustache,  Eustachian  tube 
— e.  Guttural*  de  I'oreille,  Eustachian  tube — c.  Zo- 
byrinthique,  Auditory  canal,  internal  —  c.  Ptery- 
goldien,  Pterygoid  canal— «.  Sousorbitaire,  Sub- 
orbitar  canal — c.  Spermatique,  Deferens  (vas) — 
c.  Thoracique,  Thoracic  dnot — c.  Vidien,  Ptery- 
goid canal. 

CONDUITS  ADIPEUX,  Patty  canals— c 
Aqueux,  see  Aqueous  —  c.  Aveuales  de  Vurlttyrc, 
see  Ceeous— e.  Dentaires,  Dental  canals— c.  JBja- 
culateurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — o.  Laerymaux,  La- 
chrymal ducts — e.  Lactiflres,  Lactiferous  vessels 
— «.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutritive— «.  Nutrieiers, 
Canals,  nutritive. 

CONDYLARTHRO'SIS,  from  xcvcvXo(t  <a  con- 
dyle/  and  apdpov,  'a  joint'  Articulation  by  con- 
dyles. An  elongated  head  or  condyle,  received 
into  an  elliptical  cavity. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'dyli,  Con'dylus,  Capitfulum, 
from  koy6v\qs,  'a  knot,  eminence/  An  articular 
eminence,  round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other. 
A  kind  of  process,  met  with  more  particularly  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints j — such  as  the  condyles  of 
the  occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone,  Ac  Some 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular, — as  to  the  late- 
ral tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  even  to  certain  depressions,  —  as  to 
the  concave  articular  surfaces  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  tibia.  Chaussier  calls  the  transverse 
root  of  the  zygomatic  process  Condyle  of  the  tem- 
poral bone. 

CONDYLI  DIGITORUMMANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. 

COND  YLIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLIUS,  Condyloid. 

CONDYLOID,  Condyloi'deus,  Condylo'des, 
Condyl'ius,  from  kwcvXos,  a  '  condyle/  and  ttios, 
'shape/    Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid  Forax'ina,  Foram'ina  Condyloidea, 
(F.)  Troue  eondyloXdiens,  Fosses  eondyloHdiinnes. 
These  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  are  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
oootpital  bone ; — two  anterior,  and  two  posterior 
to  the  condyle*  or  condyloid  processes  of  the 
same  bone,  and  to  depressions,  which  are  called 
Fossa  Condyloidea, 

As  the  word  CondykHdien  means — '  that  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  condyle,'  —  it  has  been  judi- 
ciously proposed  by  some  French  anatomists  that 
condylien  should  be  used  in  preference,  in  the 
case  of  the  foramina  and  fossae. 

CONDYLOIDIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLOMA,  Condylo'eie,  Con'dvlus,  Ver- 
ru'ea  earno'ea,  from  KowevXot,  '  a  knot,  '  *n  emi- 
nence/ A  soft,  fleshy  excrescence,  of  an  indolent 
character,  which  appears  near  the  orifloe  of  the 
genital  organs  and  rectum,  and  occasionally  on 
die  fingers  and  toes.  It  is  a  consequence  of  the 
syphilitic  virus.  6uch  tumours  are  also  called 
l)ermophy'mata  vene'rea. 

C0NDYL08IS,  Condyloma. 

CONDYLUS,  Condyloma. 

CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri- 
eura. 

CONFECTIO,  Confection,  from  confieio,  (eon, 
and  facere,  ' to  make/)  «I  make  up/  Alig'ulus, 
(F.)  Confiture,  Condit.  In  general  it  means  any 
thing  made  up  or  preserved  with  sugar.  In  the 
l«tte  London  Pharmacopoeias,  it  includes  the  arti- 
cles before  called  electuaries  and  conserves.  Con- 
fee' tio  or  Oon foe* turn  also  means  Confectionary. 

Confectio  Alkermes,  Alkermes. 

Confectio  Aktodala'ruv,  Almond  Confection, 
Almond  Parte,  Paeta  re'gia,  P.  Amygdali'na, 


Pasta  Emulei'va,  Buty'rum  Amygdala'rum  DuT- 
cium,  (F.)  Confection  vAmandes.  (Sweet  almonds, 
3j ;  gum  acacia,  gj ;  white  eugar,  giv.  Blanch 
the  almonds,  and  beat  into  a  paste.)  A  good 
mode  of  keeping  almonds  in  a  state  fit  for  making 
emulsions. 

Confectio  Archig"eni,  C.  Pauli'na.  (Castor, 
long  pepper,  black  pepper,  etorax,  galbanum, 
eoetue,  opium,  of  each  3  ss ;  saffron,  gij ;  syrup 
of  wormwood,  £y.)  It  was  much  recommended 
as  a  stimulant  in  nervous  affections. 

Confectio  Arovat'ica,  Electua'rium  Aromatf- 
iewn,  C.  Cardi'aca,  C.  Baleigha'na,  Aromatic 
Confection,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  CordiaL  The 
following  is  the  Ph.  U.  S.  formula.  (Pulv.  aromaL 
3vss;  croc*,  in  pulv.  Jss;  syrup,  aurant.  Jvjj 
Jtlel  despumat.  31J.  Rub  the  aromatic  powder 
with  the  saffron  ;  then  add  the  syrup  and  honey, 
and  beat  together  until  thoroughly  mixed.)  Dose, 

CoNFEono  Aurahtio'ruk,  C.  Auran'tii  Cor'' 
ticis,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Conser'va  Cor'ticum  Aurantio'- 
rum,  U.  Cor* ticis  Exterio'ris  Aurantii  Hispalen*- 
sis,  C.  Flaved'inis  Corticum  Aurantiorum  Eispa- 
len'sium,  Conser'va  Aurantii,  C.  Citri  Aurantii, 
Confection  of  the  Orange,  Conserve  of  Orange 
Peel.  (  Yellow  part  of  the  peel  •/  the  orange,  Ibj  ; 
rectified  sugar,  tt>iy ;  beat  into  a  conserve.)  It  is 
stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  vehicle,  oorrigent» 
and  adjuvant  for  other  remedies.    Dose,  3*s. 

Conpectio  Cardiaca,  Confectio  aromatic*. 

Conpectio  Cas'sls,  Electua'rium  Cassia  Fts*- 
tula,  E.  Cassia,  E.  e  Caesid,  E.  laxati'vum,  Con- 
serva  Cassia,  Electuarium  Cassia  tamarinda'tum 
sen  leniti'vum,  Electua'rium  e  Cassid,  Diacas'sia 
cumMannd,  Cassia  Confection.  ( Cassia  pulp,  S>ss  ; 
manna,  §ij  ;  tamarind  pulp,  Jj ;  syrup  of  roses, 
Ibss.  Bruise  the  manna,  dissolve  by  heat,  mix 
the  pulp,  and  evaporate.)  It  is  gently  laxative. 
Dose,  58S. 

Confectio  Damocratia,  Mithridate. 

Confectio  Havec, — so  called  from  an  Arabian 
physician,  —  was  composed  of  the  bark  of  the 
yellow  myrobalans,  black  myrobalans,  violets,  pulp 
of  colocynth,  poly  podium  of  the  oak,  leaves  of 
wormwood,  thyme,  aniseed,  fennel,  red  roses,  pulps 
of  prunes,  raisins,  sugar,  honey,  senna,  rhubarb, 
Ac.    It  was  used  as  a  purgative  in  glysters. 

Confectio  Hyacin'thi,  Hy'adnth  Confection* 
Electua'rium  seu  Confec'tio  de  Croco  emenda'ta 
olim  dicta  de  hyacin'this,  (Ph.  P.)  A  tonio  and 
slightly  astringent  confection,  composed,  accord- 
ing to  Baum6,  of  terra  sigillata,  crab's  stones, 
cinnamon,  leaves  of  the  dittany  of  Crete,  myrrh, 
saffron,  syrup  of  lemon,  camphor,  Narbonne  honey, 
oil  of  lemon,  Ac. :  and  formerly  the  hyacinth  was 
added,  whence  its  name. 

Confectio  O'pn,  Electua'rium  Opia'tum,  Con- 
fectio Opia'ta,  Philo'nium  Londinen'si,  Theriaea 
Edinen'sis,  Philo'nium  Roma'num,  Electua'rium 
Theba'icum.  Opium  Confection,  ( Opium,  in  pow- 
der, givss;  Pulv.  aromat.  £rj;  Mel  despumat. 
Sxiv;  mix  thoroughly.  One  grain  of  opium  in 
36:  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  narcotic  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  J)j. 

Confectio  Paulina,  Confectio  Archigeni — c 
ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diacodium. 

Confectio  Pip'eris  Niqri,  Ward's  Paste  for 
Fts'tula.  (Black  pepper,  elecampane  root,  each 
Ibj ;  fennel  seed,  ft>i\j ;  white  sugar,  toij.)  Dose, 
sise  of  a  nutmeg,  three  or  four  times  a  day. 

Confectio  Ralbiohana,  Confectio  aromatica. 

Confectio  Rosa  Oani'n.b,  Conser'va  Jiosm 
Oani'na,  Conserva  Cynos'bati,  C.  Cyno^rhodi, 
Bob  Oynos'batos,  Confection  or  Conserve  of  Dog 
Boss.  (Pulp  of  dog  rose,  Ibj ;  sugar,  gxx.  In. 
corporate.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle 
for  other  remedies. 


CONFECTION 


m 


CONGENITAL 


OoMPEono  RosjI,  C.  Rosa  OaVUca,  Oonser'va 
Rosa  Qal'liea,  Conserve,  Rota,  0.  Florum  Rosa'- 
nn  Rubra' rum,  C.  Florum  Rosa  Rubra,  Rho- 
dosae'eharum,  Sac'charum  Rosa'ceum,  C.  Rota 
Rubra,  Confection  of  the  Red  Rote.  (Red  rote*, 
in  powder,  £iv ;  Sugar,  in  powder,  ^xzz;  Clari- 
fied honey,  gvj;  Rose  water,  fgviij.  Bub  the 
rosea  with  the  rose  water  at  a  boiling  heat;  then 
add  gradually  the  sugar  and  honey,  and  beat 
until  thoroughly  mixed.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
astringent,  and  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for  other 
remedies. 

Conpbctio  Rota,  Confection  of  Rue,  (Rue 
leaves  dried,  carraway  seeds,  bay  berries,  of  each 
giss;  sagapenum,$W;  black  pepper,  $$ ;  honey, 
sjxvj  ;  Mix.)  It  Is  given  in  clysters,  as  an  an- 
tispasmodic and  carminative. 

Coitfeotio  db  San'taxis,  Confection  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandaux.  {Sandal 
wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra  etgiUata, 
kermee  berries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn,  and  cloves.) 
It  was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent 

Confeotio  ScJlVX  o'tfiA,  Electna'rium  Seammo1- 
nii,  Electuarium  e  Scammo'nio,  Caryocostinum, 
Confection  of  Soam'mony.  (Powdered  seatnmony, 
Jiss ;  bruised  cloves,  powdered  ginger,  aft  Xvj ; 
oil  of  carrawav,  gss  ;  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s.)  A 
stimulating  cathartic,    vote,  jjss  to  £j. 

Contectio  Srxsa,  Electua'rium  Cassia  Senna, 
E.  Senna  cum  Pulpis,  E.  Senna  compos'itum, 
Benedic'tum  Laxati'vum,  Electuarium  ape'riens, 
E.  cat  hoi' i  cum  commu'ni,  E.  diapru'num,  E.  eoco- 
prot'ioum,  E.  Senna,  E.  e  Sennd,  E.  leniti'vum, 
Confection  of  Senna,  Ac  (Senna  leaves,  Jviij  ; 
figs,  tt>j ;  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp,  pulp  of 
French  prunes,  each  fl>ss ;  coriander  seed,  glv ; 
liquorice  root,  Jiij;  sugar,  fbiiss;  water,  Oiv. 
Rub  the  senna  and  coriander  together :  separate 
10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve;  boil  the 
residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice  root  in  the 
water  to  one-half;  press  out  the  liquor  and  strain. 
Evaporate  the  liquor  by  means  of  a  water  bath 
to  a  pint  and  a  half;  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a 
syrup.  Rub  the  pulps  with  the  syrup,  gradually 
added ;  throw  in  the  sifted  powder,  and  beat  till 
thoroughly  mixed. — Ph.  U.S.)  It  to  a  laxative, 
and  is  used  in  habitual  oonstipation,  and  in  con- 
stipation during  pregnancy.    Dose,  gss  to  ^ss. 

Coxpbctio  db  ThurE,  Frank1 incense  Confec- 
tion, (F.)  Confection  d'Eneens.  A  compound  of 
coriander  seeds,  nutmeg,  thus,  liquorice,  mastioh, 
eubebs,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of  red  roses, 
sugar,  Ac 

CONFECTION,  Confectio— c  cTAmandes,  Con- 
fection, almond — e.  d'Eneens,  Confeotio  de  Thure 
— c.  Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure — c.  of  the 
Orange,  Confeotio  aurantiorum — c  of  the  Red 
rose,  Confeotio  rosea  Gallic®— c  of  Rue,  Confec- 
tio rutss— c  de  Sandaux,  Confectio  de  santalis — 
o.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  sen  talis. 

CONFBCTTIM,  Confection. 

CONFERVA  HELMINTH0C0RT0S,  Coral- 
lina  Corsicana. 

Coxfbr'va  Riva'lib.  This  species  of  River 
Weed  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  Ac. 

CONFIRMANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFIRMED,  Consummates. 

CONFITURE,  Confection. 

CONFLUENT,  Oon'fluens,  from  eon,  and  flu- 
ere,  'to  flow/  An  epithet  for  certain  exanthe- 
matous  affections,  in  which  the  pimples,  pustules, 
Ac,  run  together.  It  is  particularly  applied  to 
small-pox,  so  circumstanced.  Some  authors  have 
called  scarlatina  or  scarlet  fever  Confluent  Measles, 
Morbil'li  Confluences. 


CONFLUENT  DBS  SINUS,  Toroular  Hero* 
phili. 

CONFLUEN'TIA,  Confeedera'tio  ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Confluent  A  term,  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  express  the  concordance  between  a  dis- 
ease and  its  remedies. 

C0NFLUXI0,  Sympathy. 

CONF4EDERATIO,  Confluentia. 

C0NF0RMATI0,  Conformation,  Structore. 

CONFORMATION,  Conforma'tio,  Diap'lasis, 
Diuplas'mus,  Structure,  from  conformare,  (con, 
and .formare,  'to  form/)  'to  arrange,'  'dispose.' 
The  natural  disposition  or  arrangement  of  the 
body. 

Faulty  conformation,  (F.)  Vice  de  conformation, 
is  vice  of  original  formation ;  existing,  of  course, 
from  birth.  In  French  surgery,  Conformation  is 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both  it, 
Diaplasis  and  Anaplasis  mean,  also,  restoration 
to  the  original  form — as  in  fractures,  Ac 

OONFORTANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTER  (F.),  ConflrmaWl,  Conforta'rS, 
Corrobora'ri.  To  make  stronger —  to  give  en- 
ergy. Oonforter  Yestomae,  'to  strengthen  the 
stomach.' 

CONFRIOA'TION,  Gonfriea'tio,  from  confri- 
care,  (con,  and  fricare,)  'to  rub.'  The  action  of 
reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder,  by  rub- 
bing it  between  the  fingers;  and  of  expressing 
the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX,  from  con,  'with,'  and  fri- 
care, 'to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises  mastur- 
bation. 

CONFU'SiB  FEBRES.  Intermittent*,  whose 
paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused. — Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  con f undo,  (con  and  fundere, 
'to  pour,')  'I  mix  together;'  Syn'chisie.  A  dis- 
ease of  the  eye,  which  consists  in  the  mixture  of 
the  humours.  —  Galen.  In  modern  times,  Syn- 
ohysis  has  been  applied  to  a  morbid  state  of  the 
vitreous  body,  in  which  it  is  reduced  to  a  difflu- 
ent condition.  It  has,  also,  been  used  synony- 
mously with  Oomplexio. 

CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis- 
charges. 

CONGELANTIA,  Congelativa. 

CONGELATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONGELA'TION,  Congela'tio,  Conglada'tio, 
Oela'tio,  from  congelo,  (con  and  gelare,)  '  I  con- 
geal,' '  I  freeze.'  The  action  of  congealing,  of 
passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  water,  mercury,  Ac.  The 
term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It  was  sy- 
nonymous with  concretion.  2.  With  coagulation, 
in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally  employed. 
3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases,  produced  by 
cold,  congelations,  as  well  as  those  in  which  there 
was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor — particularly  cata- 
lepsy.   Also,  Frostbite. 

CONGELATFVA  MBDICAMEN'TA,  Con- 
glutinan'tia,  Congelan'tia.  Medicines,  considered 
capable  of  uniting  or  consolidating  wounds,  Ac 

CON'GENER,  Oongen'erous,  from  con,  'with,' 
and  genus,  '  kind.'  (F.)  Congener*.  Of  the  same 
kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other  in  some 
manner.  When  applied  to  muscles,  it  means, 
that  they  concur  in  the  same  action ;  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which  acts  it 
an  opposite  direction. 

In  France  Conginires  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 

CONGENIALIS,  Congenital. 

CONGENITA  NOTJB,  Nwvus. 

CONGENITAL,  Con'genite,  Oongenia'lie,  Con- 
gen'itus,  Syngen'icus,  from  con,  'with/  and  geni- 


CONGESTED 


230 


CONNECTICUT 


tw,  'begotten.'  (P.)  Congenial  on  Congenital 
Diseases  which  infant*  have  at  birth:  hence, 
Congenital  affection*  are  those  that  depend  on 
Canity  conformation ;  aa  congenital  hernia,  conge- 
nital cataract,  Ac.     See  Connate. 

CONGESTED,  Hypersemio. 

CONGESTIO,  Congestion— c  Abdominalis, 
Coeliromia —  c.  Pectoris,  Stethaemia —  o.  Pulmo- 
Dum,  Stethsemia — c.  Sanguinis,  Congestion. 

CONGESTION,  Congee' tio,  Bhopi,  from  con- 
gcrere,  *  to  amass,  '  accumulate/  Ac.  Symph'ora, 
Hamatepago'gi,Ha}maU>*ymphore'eis,Hamatoeyn~ 
ago'gt,  Hmmorme'eie,  Symphore'ma,  Symphore'eie, 
Synathroie'mue,  Synathroe1  eie,  Sanguinis  Congee? - 
tio,  Engorgement,  Accumulation  of  blood  —  hy- 
peremia— in  an  organ.  It  is  an  important  symp- 
tom in  febrile  and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise 
either  from  an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the 
arteries,  or  from  a  difficulty  in  the  return  of  blood 
to  the  heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps, 
it  is  owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  ve- 
nou*  congestion,  etaeie  or  ttagnation — being  not 
unusually  attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression 
and  collapse. 

Congestion  of  thb  Abdomen,  Ooelitemia — o. 
of  the  Brain,  Stethnmia — e.  CirlbraU,  Cephalo- 
hiBmia — c.  du  Cerveau,  CophalohaBmia— o.  of  the 
Lungs,  Stethsemia — c.  dee  Poumone,  Steth»mia — 
c  Sanguine  rachidienne,  HypermyelohsBmia. 

CONGESTIVE  FEVER,  see  Fever,  congestive. 

CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 

COXQLO'B  ATE,Congloba'tue,  from  conglobare, 
(eon,  and  gloom,  *  a  ball,') '  to  collect," *  to  gather 
into  a  ball.'     (F.)  Conglobi, 

Conglobate  Gland,  Glan'dula  congloba'ta, 
Olandula  Mueo'ea,  Hydraden,  Globate  gland, 
Lymphatic  gan'glion,  (F.)  Glande  Congloble, 
Ganglion  lymphaUque,  A  round  body,  formed 
of  lymphatic  vessels,  connected  together  by  cel- 
lular structure,  but  having  neither  a  cavity  nor 
excretory  duct.  The  mesenteric,  inguinal  and 
axillary  glands  are  of  this  class. 

CONG LOB 6 \  Conglobate. 

CONGLOMERATE,  Couglomera'tue,  from  eon, 
and  glomerare,  'to  gather  in  a  heap.'  Glom'erate, 
Glomera'tue,  (F.)  Conglomiri.     Heaped  together. 

Conglomerate  Glands,  Glan'dula  conglome- 
ra'ta,  Glan'dula  vaeculo'ea,  are  those  whose 
lobules  are  united  under  the  same  membrane; 
as  the  liver,  kidney,  testicle,  Ac. 

CONGLOMERATIO  INTESTINORUM,  Epi- 
ploce  intestinalis. 

CONGLUTINANTIA,  Oongelativa. 

CONGB1&S,  (F.)  Congreee,  Congree'eue,  from 
eongredi,  congreeeue,  (con,  and  gradi,  'to  go,') 
'to  go  together.'  This  term,  which  has  often 
been  used  synonymously  with  Coition,  means, 
also,  the  ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  judi- 
cial authority,  in  the  presence  of  surgeons  and 
matrons,  to  test  the  impotence  or  capabilities  of 
parties ; — a  most  unsatisfactory  and  indecent  ex- 
hibition. It  was  forbidden  by  the  Parliament 
of  Paris  in  the  year  1667. 

CONGRESSUS,  Coition. 

CONI  VASCULO'SI.  Conical  bundles,  formed 
by  the  vasa  efferentia  of  the  testis ;  having  their 
base  towards  the  epididymis,  into  the  tube  of 
which  they  enter. 

CONIA,  Kovta.  A  wine,  prepared  by  ferment- 
ing the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  previously  washed 
lo  sea-water. — Orfila.    See,  also,  Lixivium. 

CONIASIS,  Incrustation. 

CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverisation, 

CONIS,  Pulvie. 

CONISTERIUM,  Apodyterium. 

CONI'UM,  C.  macula' turn,  Corian'drum  macu- 
la'turn,  Ciouta  major  sen  macula' t a  sen  Stoerkii, 
Ahx'otee,  Ciouta  terree'tii*,  Ciouta  major  fa/Hda, 


C.  vulga'rie,  Common  Hemlock,  Hemlock,  Poison 
parsley,  Spotted  parsley ,  (F.)  Cigui  ordinaire,  C, 
arande.  Nat  Ora\  Umbellifera.  Sex,  Syet. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  leaves  and  seeds  are 
narcotio  and  poisonous  in  an  over-dose.  Light 
destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves;  and,  therefore, 
the  powder  should  be  kept  in  opaque  bottles,  well 
corked.  It  has  been  used  as  a  palliative  in  cancer 
and  other  painful  affections;  but  is  not  equal  to 
opium..  Externally,  it  has  been  applied  in  fo- 
mentation to  canoerous  and  scrofulous  ulcers. 
Dose,  gr.  ij  to  x. 

fia'vidson'e  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
sist at  powdered  hemlock  and  arecnioue  add, 

Cojfiuii  Moscha'tuu,  Aracacha,  A  very  agree- 
able and  nutritive  kind  of  tuberous  vegetable,  in 
flavour  not  unlike  celery,  which  grows  on  the 
coast  of  Peru,  but  ia  more  abundant  on  the  pro- 
jecting ridges  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  on  the  east- 
ern declivity  of  the  Andes.  It  is  cooked  by  being 
either  simply  boiled  in  water,  or  made  into  a  kind 
of  soup. — Tschudi. 

CONJONCTIVB,  Conjunctiva. 

CONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia— c  Blem* 
norrhagique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

CONJUGAISON,  Conjugation. 

CONJUGATION,  Conjuga'tio,  from  conjugare, 
(con,  and  jugum,  *  a  yoke,')  '  to  yoke  together.' 
( F. )  Conjugaieon,  Assemblage,  union, — Conju'* 
gium. 

Conjugations  FoRAx'rirA,  (F.)  Trout  de  con- 
jugaieon. The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the  spine, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the  verte- 
bra. They  give  passage  to  the  nerves  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  and  to  the  vessels  which  enter  or 
issue  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

CONJUGIUM,  Coition,  Conjugation. 

CONJUNC'TI  (MORBI),  from  conjungere, 
(con  and  jungere,)  *  to  join  together.'  Diseases 
joined  together.  Authors  have  distinguished 
two  kinds  of  these :  one,  in  which  the  diseases 
go  on  simultaneously — morbi  connex'i;  the  other, 
in  which  they  succeed  each  other — morbi  conee- 
quen'tce. 

CONJUNCTIO,  Articulation. 

CONJUNCTIVA,  CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal- 
mia— c  Granular,  Trachoma. 

Conjunctiva  Membra'na,  Circumcaula'lie, 
Epipeph'ycoe,  Tu'nica  agna'ta,  Tu'nica  adnaJtaf 
T.  conjunctiva,  Tunda  oc'uli,  (F.)  Conjonctive, 
Membrane  adnie.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the  eye, 
the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the  caruneula 
lachrymalie.  It  possesses  great  general  sensibi- 
lity, communicated  to  it  by  the  fifth  pair. 

CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia— c  .figyp- 
tiaea,  Ophthalmia,  purulent — o.  Blennorrhagica, 
see  Ophthalmia — o.  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal — c.  Gonorrhoea,  see  Ophthalmia — o. 
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
— c.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  vel  <£gyptiaca,  Oph- 
thalmia, purulent. 

CONJUNGENS,  Communicans. 

CONNATE,  from  eon  and  natue,  'bom  with/ 

Connate  Diseases,  (F.)  Maladies  eonnSet, 
Morbi  conna'ti,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  born 
with : — connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital.  A  difference  has  been  made  by  some, 
however ;  those  diseases  or  conditions  which  are 
dependent  upon  original  conformation,  being 
called  congenital; — whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions that  may  have  supervened  during  gestation 
or  delivery,  are  termed  connate. 

CONNECTICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford,  in  this  state, 
twenty-four  miles  from  Hartford,  which  has  ob- 
tained more  celebrity  than  any  one  in  New  Eng- 


OONNSEVATIO 


131 


CONSOMMt 


land.  Its  principal  ingredients  are  iron  and  ear- 
bonio  acid.  It,  consequently,  belongs  to  the 
class  of  acidulous  chalybeate*.  There  are  other 
springs  in  the  state,  of  which,  however,  little  that 
Is  accurate  is  known. 

CONNERVATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

CONNEXIO  OSSIUM  CARNOSA,  Syssarco- 
sis — o.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis— c  Ligamen- 
tous,, Syndesmosis. 

CONNUTRI'TUS,  Syn'trophos,  from  eon, 
'with/  and  nutrior,  <I  am  nourished/  A  dis- 
ease is  so  called  which  has  grown  up,  as  it  were, 
with  an  individual,  or  has  been  connate  with  him. 
—Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CONOID,  Conoi'deus,  ConoVdes,  from  mwt,  'a 
cone/  and  sties,  'shape/  (F.)  Conoide.  Resem- 
bling a  cone. 

Conoid  Lig'ament.  A  ligament,  passing  from 
the  eoracoid  process  to  the  scapula,  and  forming 
part  of  the  eoraco-elavicular  ligament  of  some 
anatomists. 

CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE  KID. 
KEY,  see  Kidney. 

CONOIDES  CORPUS,  Pineal  gland. 

CONOPHTHALMIA,  Staphyloma  cornea). 

CONQUASSANT,  (F.)  Conquassans,  from  con, 
*  with/ '  together/  and  quassare, '  to  shake.'  Dou- 
Uurs  conquassantes  are  the  pains  of  parturition, 
at  the  time  of  their  greatest  intensity,  when  the 
head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSA'TION,  Conquassa'tio,  Quassa'- 
fifo,  Quassatu'ra.  Same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  oonsists  in  dividing,  with 
a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits,  Ac  See  Con- 
fiscation. 

CONQUASSATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

CONQUE,  Concha. 

CONSCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A  somnam- 
butistio  condition,  in  which  the  individual  leads, 
as  it  were,  two  lives,  recollecting  in  each  condi- 
tion what  occurred  in  previous  conditions  of  the 
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of  the 
occurrences  of  the  other.  See  Duality  of  the 
Mind. 

CONSECUTIVE,  Consecuti'vus,  from  eon, 
'  with/  and  sequor,  '  to  follow. 

Coirs ECUTTVB  Phenok'ena  or  Stvptoxs,  (F.) 
Phinomenes  ou  accident  consicutifs,  are  such  as 
appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  during  its  decline;  but  without 
having  any  direct  connexion  with  it 

CONSENSUAL,  see  Instinctive. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts,  Sympathy. 

Consensus  Oculo'rum.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  health,  and  often  in 
disease. 

CONSENT  OF  PARTS,  Consensus,  Contend 
rai  par'tium,  Sympathi'a,  from  con,  and  sentire, 
'to  feel/  (F.)  Consentement  de»  Parties.  That 
relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with  each 
other  which  is  more  commonly  denominated  sym- 
pathy. 

CONSENTEMENT  DES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVATION,  Conserva'Ho,  Phylax'ts, 
from  con*ervaret  (con,  and  servare,)  *  to  preserve  / 
(F.)  Conservation,  Aberration.  The  art  of  pre- 
serving any  object  of  pharmacy,  any  remedial 
agent,  Ac,  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA,  Conserve.  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a  vege- 
table substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  sugar. 
The  London  and  American  pharmacopoeias  pre- 
fer the  term  Confection. 

Consbrva  Absin'thii,  C.  absin'thii  narifimi, 
Conserve  of  Wormwood.   (Leaves  fi>j,  sugar  ttmj.) 


It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  stomachic;  and 
vermifuge. 

CoNSERVA  AHGKL'lC.A,(Ph.  P.)  Conserve  cTAngi. 
Hove,  C.  of  Angel' tea.  (Pulp  of  root  250  parts; 
white  sugar,  boiled  in  a  decoction  of  the  root, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid  electu- 
ary, 1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic,  and  sto- 
machic 

Conserva  db  A'pio  Gravbolrn'tI  (Ph.  P.), 
Conserve  a" Ache,  Conserve  of  Smallage.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

Consbrva  Ari,  Conserve  of  Arum,  (Fresh 
root  Ibss,  sugar  Ibiss.)  Esteemed  to  be  diuretic 
and  stimulant 

Conserva  AtJRANTn,  Confectio  aurantiorum — 
c  Cassiss,  Confectio  cassise — c  Citri  aurantii, 
Confectte  aurantiorum. 

Consbrva  Cochlea'rl*  Horten'sis,  Conserve 
of  Lemon  Scurvy  Grass.  (Leaves  Ibj,  sugar  Ibiy.) 
Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  antiscorbutic 

Consbrva  Corticis  Exterioris  Aurantii 
Hispalxnsis,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  Corti- 
cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c 
Florum  rosarum  rubrarum,  Confectio  roses  Gal- 
lie® —  c  Cynosbati,  Confectio  rossa  canine  —  e. 
Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rossa  caninss— c  Flavedi- 
nis  corticis  aurantiorum  Hispalensium,  Confectio 
aurantiorum. 

Coxserva  Lu'jttla,  C.  Folio' rum  lu' Jul  a,  Con- 
serve of  Woodsorrel.  (Leaves  lbj,  sugar  flbiij.) 
Gratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

Consbrva  Mbbtble,  C.  Mentha  folio0 rum,  C. 
Mentha  sati'tce,  Conserve  of  Mint.  (Leaves  Ibj, 
sugar  Ibiij.)    Stomachic  in  nausea  and  vomiting;. 

Consbrva  Prdni  Svlves'tris,  Pulpa  pruno'- 
rum  sylves'trium  eondi'ta,  C.  Pruna  sulveetris, 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  (Pulp  1  part,  sugar  3  parts.) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

Consbbva  Rosje,  Confectio  r.oaa>  Gallicss  —  c 
Rosas  caninss,  Confectio  rosss  canins9  —  c  Rosss 
Gallicss,  Confectio  rose  Gallic®. 

Consbrva  Scill^b,  Conserve  of  Squill.  (Fresh 
squills  £j,  sugar  2x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE,  Conserva,  see  Confectio  — e. 
d'Acke,  Conserva  de  apio  graveolente  —  c  of 
Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  c  of  Lemon 
scurvy  grass,  Conserva  cochlearia  hortensis — c 
of  Mint,  Conserva  menthss — c.  of  Orange,  Con- 
fectio aurantiorum  —  c  of  Roses  (red),  Confectio 
rosss  galliosB — o.  of  Smallage,  Conserva  de  apio 
graveolente  —  c  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulss 
—  c  of  Wormwood,  Conserva  absinthii. 

CONSER  VES,  Spectacles. 

CONSIDEN'TIA.  This  word  has  two  accep- 
tations. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Apocatastasis  ; 
and,  2.  It  signifies  contraction  of  any  cavity  or 
canal : — See  Synesisis. 

CONSISTEN'TIA.  A  Latin  term  employed 
in  two  senses.  1.  When  joined  to  the  word  Morhi 
or  JStatis,  it  expresses  the  acme  of  a  disoase,  or 
the  age  at  which  the  constitution  has  acquired 
its  full  strength.  2.  By  Consisten'tia  humo'ris  is 
meant  the  density  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIDA  MAJOR,  Symphytum  — c  Me- 
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  c 
Minor,  Prunella — c  Regalis,  Delphinium  conso- 
lida — c.  Rubra,  Tormentil — c  Saracenica,  Soli- 
dago  virgaurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidati'va  Medic* 
men' to,  from  eon,  and  solidus,  solid.  Substances, 
formerly  given  for  the  purpose  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengthening  cicatrices. 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMMlt,  Consumma'tun,  Zomos.  Soup, 
strongly  charged  with  gelatin,  and  consequently 
very  nutritious,  although  not  proportionably  easy 
of  digestion. 


COKSOMPTIOK 


281 


COKSUBTTOO 


CONSOMPTWN,  Consumption. 

CONSONANCE,  see  Sound. 

CON'SONANT,  Con'sonans,  from  eontono,  'to 
found  together/  (con,  'with/  and  *o  no,  'to  sound/) 
because  it  is  generally  believed  that  a  consonant 
oannot  be  properly  expressed,  except  when  con- 
joined with  a  vowel.  Physiologically,  a  breath, 
or  a  sound  produced  in  the  larynx,  which  suffers 
more  or  less  interruption  in  its  passage  through 
the  vocal  tube. 

CONSORTIUM,  Sympathy. 

CONSOUDE,  GRANDE,  Symphytum. 

CONSOUND,  MIDDLE,  Ajuga. 

CONSPERSIO,  Catapasma. 

CONSPICILLA,  Spectacles. 

CONSPIRATIO,  Sympathy. 

CONSTELLA'TUM  UNGUEN'TTJM.  An 
ointment  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms! 
dried  and  pulverized ;  and  of  the  fat  of  the  bear 
or  wild  boar.  It  was  formerly  employed  in  tooth- 
ach,  and  to  hasten  the  cicatrisation  of  wounds. 

CONSTERNATIO,  Stupor. 

CONSTIPATED,  Constipa'tus.  (F.)  OonstipS. 
Affected  with  constipation.     Costive. 

CONSTIPATIO,  Constipation,  Stegnoris. 

CONSTIPA'TION,  Constipaftio,  from  consti- 
pare,  (con  and  stipare,)  '  to  cram  close/  Obsti- 
pa'tio,  Adstric'tio,  Arcta'tio,  Obstipa'Ho  sen  Re- 
ten'tio\xlvi'na,  Ischocoi'lia,  Alvus  adstric'ta,  A. 
Tarda,  A.  Dura,  Obstrueftio  sen  Suppree'sio  alvi, 
0.  Ductus  alimenta'rii,  0.  intestina'iis,  Torpor 
intestino'rum,  Stypsis,  Oonstipa'tio  alvi,  Gopros1- 
tasis,  Acop'ria,  Acopro'sis,  Coproepis'chesis,  Ischo- 
cop'ria,  Dyscoi'lia,  (F.)  Echauffetnent,  Ventre 
reseerrS,  Cost'iveness,  FgcclI  Rcten'tion,  Alvine 
obstruction.  A  state  of  the  bowels,  in  which  the 
evacuations  do  not  take  place  as  frequently  as 
usual;  or  are  inordinately  hard,  and  expelled 
with  difficulty.  It  may  be  owing  either  to  dimi- 
f  nished  action  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the  intes- 
tines, or  to  diminished  secretion  from  the  mucous 
membrane,  or  to  both.  Cathartics  will  usually 
remove  it ;  after  which  its  exciting  and  predis- 
ponent  causes  must  be  inquired  into  and  obviated 
to  render  the  cure  permanent 

CONSPIPATUS,  Constipated. 

CONSTIP&,  Constipated. 

CONSTITUENS,  Vehicle,  see  Prescription. 

CONSTITUTIO,  Constitution,  Habit  of  body 
—  o.  Aeris,  Constitution  of  the  atmosphere — e, 
Epidemics,  Constitution,  epidemic  —  c.  Nervosa, 
Nervous  diathesis. 

C  0  N  S  T I T  U'T  1 0  N,  Gonstitu'tio,  Gatasftasis, 
Statue,  from  con,  and  statuere,  from  etare,  'to 
stand.'  A  collection  of  several  parts,  forming  a 
whole.  In  medicine,  Constitution  means  the  state 
of  all  the  organs  of  the  human  body  considered 
in  regard  to  their  special  and  relative  arrange- 
ment, order,  or  activity.  A  good  constitution  is 
one  in  which  every  organ  is  well  developed,  and 
endowed  with  due  energy,  so  that  all  perform 
their  functions  with  equal  facility.  Any  want  of 
equilibrium  in  their  development  and  energy 
forms  a  difference  in  the  constitution.  We  say 
that  a  man  is  of  a  good  or  robust,  a  delicate  or 
tD*tak  constitution,  when  he  is  commonly  healthy, 
or  commonly  labouring  under,  or  unusually  sus- 
ceptible of,  disease. 

Constitution  of  the  At'xosphere,  Constitu'- 
tio  A'Sris,  (F.)  Constitution  AtmoephSrique.  The 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  as  regards  dryness 
and  humidity,  temperature,  heaviness,  direction 
of  the  winds,  Ac,  considered  as  respects  its  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy. 

Constitution,  Epidkm'ic,  Gonstitu'tio  epidem'- 
too,  Med'ical  Constitution,  (F.)  Constitution  ml- 
dioale,  C.  ipidtmigue*  The  aggregate  of  meteor- 


ological conditions,  so  far  as  they  are  appreciable, 
during  which  diseases  prevail  epidemically. 

CONSTITUTIONAL,  (F.)  OonstitutionneL 
Belonging  to  the  constitution  of  an  individual; 
to  his  manner  of  being ;  as  constitutional  phthisis, 
c.  gout,  Ac.  By  some,  this  epithet  has  been  given 
to  diseases,  produced  by  the  constitution  of  the 
atmosphere;  but  this  acceptation  is  not  common. 

CONSTRICTEURS  DE  LA  VULVE,  Con- 
strictores  cunni — c.  du  Vagin,  Constrictores  cunnL 

CONSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Systole. 

CONSTRICTIVA,  Styptics. 

CONSTRICTOR,  from  constringere,  (con,  and 
etringere,)  'to  bind.'  (F.)  Gonstricteur.  That 
which  binds  in  a  circular  direction.  A  sphincter. 
Different  muscles  are  so  called. 

Constrictor  Ani,  Sphincter  ani  externus — e. 
of  Nuck,  Compressor  of  Nuok. 

Comstrictores  Alarum  Nasi,  Depressor  al» 
nasi. 

Constricto'res  Cunhi,  C.  Vagi'n*  seu  Vulv*, 
Glitor'idis  in/eriofree  lati  et  plant  mus'cuii, 
Sphincter  Vagi'na,  (F.)  Constricteurs  du  vagin, 
C.  de  la  Vulve.  Small  muscles,  which  originate 
beneath  the  olitoris,  descend  along  the  sides  of 
the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming  con- 
founded with  the  transversus  perinwi  and  exter- 
nal sphincter  ani  muscles.  Their  use  is  to  con- 
tract the  entrance  of  the  vagina. 

Constrictores  Ibthmi  Faucium,  Glossostr*. 
phylinus. 

Constricto'res  Laryn'ois.  Lieutaud  describes, 
under  the  name  Grand  constricteur  du  Larynx, 
the  muscle  Crico-arytenotdeus  later  a' lis  with  tbe# 
Thyro-arytenoideus. 

Constricto'res  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Constrictor  OSsoph'agi,  Constrictor  of  the 
(Esoph'ague,  (F.)  Constricteur  de  VQSsophagc, 
Muscle  oesophagien.  A  fasciculus  of  fleshy,  cir- 
cular fibres,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  oesophagus. 

Constrictores  Oris,  Orbicularis  oris — c  Pal* 
pebrarum,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

Constricto'res  Phartn'ois,  Constrictors  of 
the  Pharynx,  Sphincter  Quia.  Muscular  expan- 
sions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally  admitted. 
1.  The  Constric'tor  Pharyn'gis  infe'rior,  Orieo- 
Pharyngcus  and  Thyro-pkaryngeus,  (F.)  CWco- 
thyro-pharyngien.  It  is  broad,  very  thin,  quad- 
rilateral, seated  superficially,  extending  from  the 
thyroid  and  cricoid  cartilages  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting,  on  the  median  line, 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side.  2.  The  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  Me'dius,  Hyo-pharyngeus  and  Chon- 
dro-pharyngeus,  SyndePmo-pharyngeus,  (F.)  Hyo- 
glosso-basi-pharyngien,  occupies  the  middle  pari 
of  the  pharynx.  It  is  triangular,  and  attached, 
anteriorly,  to  the  great  and  little  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides ;  to  the  stylohyoid  ligament ;  and  termi- 
nates, posteriorly,  by  joining  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side.  3.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  *u- 
pc'rior,  Ccphralo-pharyngcus,  Glosso-pharyngeus, 
Mylo-pharyngeus,  Pter'ygo-pharyngeus,  (F.)Pt4- 
rygo-syndesmo-staphili-pharyngien,  is  quadrilate- 
ral, and  extends  from  the  internal  ala  of  the 
pterygoid  process,  from  the  inter-maxillary  liga- 
ment, from  the  internal  oblique  line  of  the  jaw, 
and  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors  of  tne  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  to  each 
other.  Chaussier  considers  those  and  the  stylo- 
pharyngeus  as  but  one  muscle,  and  includes  all 
under  this  last  name. 

Constrictores  Vaoifjb,  C.  cunni — c.  Volvse, 
C.  cunni. 

CONSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONSUETUDO,  HamV-c  Menstrua,  Mensee. 


COH8UIAATI0N 


m 


OONTJNUITk" 


CONSULTATION,  ConsuUa'tio,  Dtlibmra'tio, 
Camolog"ia,  Oonten'tio,  SymboUu'sis,  from  consu- 
Ure,  eonsuUum,  '  to  hold  council/  This  word  has 
several  acceptations.  In  English,  it  means,  al- 
most always,  the  meeting  of  two  or  more  practi- 
tioners, to  deliberate  on  any  particular  case  of 
disease.  In  France,  it  signifies  the  written  result 
of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as  the  opinion  of  a 
physician,  given  to  a  patient,  who  consults  htm, 
either  personally  or  by  writing. 

CONSULTING  PHYSICIAN  or  SUR- 
GEON, (F.)  Mtdecin  ou  Chirurgien  consultant. 
One  who  consults  with  the  attending  practitioner, 
regarding  any  case*  of  disease.  Some  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine  themselves  to 
consulting  practice. 

CONSUMMATUM,  ConsommL 

CONSUMMA'TUS,  from  con,  cum,  'with,'  and 
summus,  'the  whole.'  Confirmed;  established; 
developed, — as  Phthisis  consumma'to,  'confirmed 
consumption.' 

CONSUMP'TION,  from  consumere,  (con  and 
sumere,)  'to  waste  away;'  Consump'tio,  Consum'- 
tio,  Syntex'is,  (F.)  Consomption.  Progressive 
emaciation  or  wasting  away.  This  condition 
precedes  death  in  the  greater  part  of  chronic  dis- 
eases, and  particularly  in  phthisis  pulmonalis : 
on  this  account  it  is,  that  phthisis  has  received 
the  name  consumption. — See  Phthisis.  Fikvre  dt 
Consomption^  Consumptive  fever,  is  the  same  as 
Hectic  fever. 

Consumption  of  tee  Bowels,  Enterophthisis — 
c  Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction  of  fungi  Burnt 
alum,  lunar  caustic,  Ac,  were  formerly  so  called. 

CONSUMTIO,  Consumption. 

CONTABESCEN'TIA,  from  contabescere,  (con 
and  tabeecere,)  '  to  grow  lean/  Consumption, 
marasmus,  atrophy,  Ac. 

CONTACT,  Contae'tua,  from  con  and  tangere, 
'  to  touch/  The  state  of  two  bodies  that  touch 
each  other.  In  the  theory  of  oontagious  diseases, 
we  distinguish  immediate  or  direct  contact,  as 
when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring  under  one  of 
those  diseases ;  and  mediate  or  indirect  contact, 
when  we  touch,  not  the  patient  himself,  but  ob- 
jects that  have  touched  or  emanated  from  him. 
The  air  is,  most  commonly,  the  medium  by  which 
this  last  kind  of  contact  is  effected. 

CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'gee,  Conta'- 
awm,  Aporrhot'a,  Apodrysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person  to 
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact  The  term 
has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the  action  of 
miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or  vegetable 
matter,  bogs,  fens,  Ac,  but  in  this  sense  it  is  now 
abandoned.  Contagious  diseases  are  produced 
either  by  a  virus,  capable  of  causing  them  by 
inoculation,  as.in  small-pox,  cow-pox,  hydropho- 
bia, syphilis,  Ac,,  or  by  miasmata,  proceeding 
from  a  sick  individual,  as  in  plague,  typhus  gra- 
vior,  and  in  measles  and  scarlatina.  Scrofula, 
phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  canoer,  have,  by  some, 
been  esteemed  oontagious,  but  apparently  with- 
out foundation.  Physicians  are,  indeed,  by  no 
means  unanimous  in  deciding  what  diseases  are 
contagious,  and  what  not  The  contagion  of 
plague  and  typhus,  especially  of  the  latter,  is 
denied  by  many.  It  seems  probable,  that  a  dis- 
ease may  be  contagious  under  certain  circum- 
stances and  not  under  others.  A  case  of  common 
fever,  arising  from  common  causes,  as  from  cold, 
if  the  patient  be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation, 
may  be  converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing emanations,  which  may  excite  a  similar 
disease  in  those  exposed  to  them.  Contagion  and 
infection  are  generally  esteemed  synonymous. 


Frequently,  however,  the'  former  is  applied  to 
diseases  not  produced  by  contact;  as  measles, 
scarlet  fever,  Ac,  whilst  infection  is  used  for 
those  that  require  positive  contact;  as  itch,  sy- 
philis, Ac,  and  conversely.  Diseases,  which 
cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  than  by 
contagion,  are  said  to  have  their  origin  in  specifio 
contagion  ;  as  small-pox,  cow-pox,  measles,  hy- 
drophobia, syphilis,  Ac.  Those  which  are  pro- 
duced by  contagion,  and  yet  are  supposed  to  be 
sometimes  owing  to  other  causes,  are  said  to  arise 
from  common  contagion;  as  typhus,  cynanche 
parotid©*,  Ac. 

CONTA'GIONIST.  One  who  believes  in  the 
contagious  character  of  a  particular  disease, — as 
of  yellow  fever. 

CONTA'GIOUS,  Contagio'sus.  Capable  of  be- 
ing transmitted  by  mediate  or  immediate  contact; 
—as  a  contagious  disease,  contagious  fever,  conta- 
gious effluvia,  Ac. 

CONTAOIUM,  Contagion,  Miasm. 
CONfEMPLABILES  DIES,  Critical  days. 
CONTEMPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplati'xme,  (con 
and  templum.)  Appertaining  to  contemplation. 
The  predominant  idea  of  the  melancholic  —  of 
the  monomaniac  —  is  sometimes  called  contem- 
plative. 

CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy. 
CONTEMPLATIVUS,  Contemplatif. 
CONTENSIO,  Tension. 
CONTENTIO,  Consultation. 
CONTEX'TURE,  Contextu'ra,  Contex'tus,  from 
con  and  texere,   (quasi  tegsere,  from  tegere,  'to 
cover/)  'to  weave,'  'to  make  a  web/    Arrange- 
ment of  parts ;  — texture.    A  name  given,  meta- 
phorically, to  the  structure  of  organized  bodies  J 
as  the  contexture  of  muscles,  fibres,  Ac.     See  Tis- 
sue, and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS  OF,  see 
Continuity. 

CON'TINENCE,  Continen'tia,  from  continere, 
(eon  and  tenere,  '  to  hold  or  keep/ )  '  to  contain 
oneself  ;"to  restrain/  Restraint  Abstinence  from, 
or  moderation  in,  the  pleasures  of  physical  love. 
CONTINENS,  Continent 
CONTINENT,  Continens.  Restrained.  This 
word  is  synonymous,  also,  with  Continued;  (F.) 
Continu.         ~ 

Contdtent  Cause,  Causa  eonjunc'ta,  is  a  cause, 
real  or  presumed,  which,  having  given  rise  to  a 
disease,  continues  to  act  during  the  whole  of  its 
duration.  It  may  be  considered  synonymous 
with  proximate  cause.  A  continent  fever,  Febrit 
continent,  is  one  which  preserves  during  its  whole 
course,  the  same  degree  of  intensity,  without  any 
remission  or  sensible  exacerbation.  A  disease 
which  continues  uninterruptedly,  has  been  also 
called  JEipathci'a,  Aeipathei'a  or  Aipathi'a. 
CONTINENTIA,  Continence. 
CONTINUED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'ua,  F. 
con'tinens,  F.  anabafica,  F.  assid'ua.  A  fever 
which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  class 
Pyrexia  of  Cullen,  and  include  three  genera,— 
Synocha,  Synochus,  and  Typhus.  It  is  proper  to 
remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make  a 
distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  evvcxni, 
febris  continua,  and  the  synoc hus  or  febris  conti- 
nens. Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  synochus  of 
continens  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of  one  pa- 
roxysm from  beginning  to  end;  whilst  the  conti- 
nua is  allied  to  intermittent*. 

CONTINUITY,  Continu'itas.  An  adhesioti 
of  two  things  between  each  other,  so  that  they 
cannot  be  separated  without  fracture  or  laceration. 
CoirrmiTiTT,  Diarthro'sf.s  of,  (F.)  Diarthrosei 
de  Continuity,  are  movable  joints,  in  which  tht 
bones  are  continuous,  but  do  not  touch  immt- 


OONTONDANT 


234 


CONTBO-STIMUMJS 


diately,  there  being  between  tbem  a  ligamentous 
gubstance,  whose  flexibility  permits  motion.  The 
vertebral  articulations  are  examples  of  this.  Di- 
ARTHROSBS  or  Contigu'itt,  Diarthroses  de  Conti- 
guiti,  on  the  other  hand,  are  movable  articula- 
tions, in  whieh  the  bones  are  not  continuous,  but 
touch  by  surfaces  covered  with  a  cartilaginous 
layer,  which  is  always  moistened  by  synovia. 

Continuity,  Solution  ot,  Solu'tio  contin'ui,  is 
any  division  of  parts,  previously  continuous. 
Wounds  and  fractures  are  solution*  of  continuity. 
The  word  Continuity  is  opposed  to  Contiguity :  the 
latter  meaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which 
are  near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  contiguity  between  the  head  of  the  hu- 
merus and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  but 
not  continuity. 

CONTONDANT,  Contending. 

CONTORSIO,  Contorsion— o.  Columnss  verto- 
bralis,  Rhachiostrophosis. 

CONTOR'SION,  Contor'tio,  from  contorqneo, 
(oon  and  torquerc,  '  to  wring/)  '  I  twist  about.' 
Violent  movement  of  a  part,  accompanied  with  a 
kind  of  torsion ;  as  contortion  of  the  face. 

CONTRA  APERTU'RA,  fromcontra,  'against,' 
and  aperio,  '  I  open.'  A  counter-opening  ;  Con- 
tra-incis'io,  IncWio  prio'ri  oppo'sita,  (F.)  Contre- 
ouverture.  An  incision,  made  in  the  most  depend- 
ing part  of  a  wound  or  abscess,  when  the  first 
opening  is  not  situate  in  a  manner  favourable  for 
the  discharge  of  the  pus. 

CONTRAEXTENSIO,  Counter-extension. 

CONTRACTILE,  Control  tilis,  from  contra- 
mere,  (con  and  trahere,)  '  to  draw  together.'  Ca- 
pable of  contracting.  The  fibre  of  muscles  is 
contractile. 

CONTRACTILITE,  Contractility— c.  par  di- 
faut  d1  Extension,  Elasticity  —  c  de  Titsu,  Elas- 
ticity. 

CONTRACTIL'ITY,  Contractu' itas;  same  ety- 
mon; (F.)  Contractility.  That  vital  property, 
which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power  of  con- 
tracting. The  muscles  of  locomotion  are  endowed 
with  a  power  of  voluntary  contractility,  or  one 
dependent  immediately  on  the  action  of  the  brain : 
—  the  muscles  of  the  viscera  of  digestion,  and 
other  internal  organs,  enjoy  an  involuntary  con- 
tractility. Contractility  and  irritability  are  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  to  signify  the  pro- 
perty possessed  by  any  tissue  of  contracting  on 
the  application  of  an  appropriate  stimulus. 

Contractility,  Irritability. 

CONTRACTIO  CORDIS,  Systole. 

CONTRACTION,  Contrac'tio.  Same  etymon  ; 
Sws'toli.  Action  of  contracting.  When  we  speak 
of  the  contraction  of  a  muscle,  we  mean  the  phe- 
nomenon it  exhibits  during  the  time  it  is  in  action. 

CONTRACTOR  UTERI,  Abortive. 

CONTRACTU'RA.  Same  etymon.  Acamp'sia, 
Enta'sia  articula'ris,  Rigor  ar'tuum,  Muscular 
Stiff-joint.  A  state  of  permanent  rigidity  and 
progressive  atrophy  of  the  flexor  muscles,  which 
prevents  the  motions  of  extension  beyond  a  cer- 
tain limit.  The  affected  muscles  form  hard  cords 
beneath  the  skin.  On  dissection,  they  are  found 
converted  into  tendinous  fibres,  the  fleshy  fibres 
having  almost  disappeared,  when  the  disease  has 
been  of  any  duration.  It  succeeds,  frequently, 
other  diseases,  particularly  rheumatism,  neural- 
gia, convulsions,  syphilis,  colica  pictonum,  Ac. 
The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath,  or  thermal  waters, 
oleaginous  embrocations,  mechanical  extension 
of  the  limbs,  Ac,  are  the  chief  means  of  treatment 

CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from  contra,  'against,' 
*A&findo,fissum,  'I  cleave;'  Repercus'sio,Reson'- 
itus,  Catag'ma  Fissura  contraja'cens,  Apeehe'ma, 
Anticom'tna,  Antic'opi,  Anticru'sis,  Anticrusma, 
In/ortu'nium,  Counterstroke,  (F.)  Contre-ooup,  Con- 


tre-fente,  Oontre-fracture.  A  fracture,  contusion, 
or  injury,  produced,  by  a  blow,  in  a  part  distant 
from  that  which  is  struck.  Five  species  of  contra- 
fissura  or  contre-coups  may  occur  in  the  skull. 

1.  When  the  internal  table  yields  and  fractures. 

2.  When  the  bone  breaks  in  any  other  part  than 
the  one  struck.  8.  When  a  bone,  which  has  been 
struck,  remains  uninjured,  and  its  neighbour  is 
fractured.  4.  When  the  bone  is  fractured  in  a 
place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  struck,  as  in 
fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a  fall 
on  the  vertex ;  and  lastly,  when  the  violence  of 
the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neighbour- 
ing or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of  the 
skull  are  also  called  Fractures  par  risonnanc*. 

CONTRAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRAINCISIO,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTRAINDICATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRAIRRITATIO,  Counter-irritation. 

CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from  contra,  'against/ 
and  luna,  '  the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge- 
Dietrich. 

CONTRASTIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva— e. 
Balls,  Pulvifl  con  tray  ervoe  compositus — c.  Lisbon, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva — c.  Mexican,  Psoralea 
pentaphylla — c  Nova,  Psoralea  pentaphylla— «. 
Virginiana,  Aristoiochia  serpen taria. 

CONTRECOUP,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREEXTENSION,  Counter-extension. 

CONTREFENTE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREFRACTURE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREINDICA  TION,  Counter-indication. 

CONTREOUVERTURE,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  France  in  the 
department  of  Vosges,  four  leagues  from  Neuf- 
chateau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and  free 
carbonic  acid.  They  are  frequented  by  those 
labouring  under  cutaneous,  scrofulous,  and  cal- 
culous affections. 

CONTRIT"IO,  Syntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis,  Tri- 
tu'ra,  Tritus,  Trit"io,  Tripsis,  from  contero,  '1 
bruise  or  make  small :'  Comminu'tion,  Trituration* 

CONTROSTIM'ULANT,Con«rarft«'Waiwf 
Hyposthen'ic,  from  contra,  'against,'  hnd  stimulus, 
'  that  which  excites/  A  substance  that  possesses 
a  particular,  debilitating  property,  acting  upon 
the  excitability  in  a  manner  opposite  to  stimuliu. 
A  name  given  to  therapeutical  agents,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  Italian  theory  of  Controstimulus, 
are  endowed  with  the  property  of  diminishing 
excitement  by  a  specific  action.  These  agents 
are  by  no  means  clearly  defined. 

CONTROSTIMULUS.  Same  etymon.  The 
name  given  by  Rasori,  about  thirty  years  ago,  to 
a  new  medical  doctrine,  of  which  he  was  the  ori- 
ginator— La  nuova  Dottrina  Medica  Italiana.  It 
is  founded  on  the  oontro-stimulant  property  attri- 
buted to  a  certain  number  of  medicines.  In  this 
doctrine,  as  in  that  of  Brown,  under  the  name  ex- 
citability, a  fundamental  principle  of  physiology 
is  admitted,  by  virtue  of  which  living  beings  are 
endowed  with  an  aptitude  for  feeling  the  action 
of  external  agents  or  exciting  influences,  and 
of  reacting  on  these  influences.  When  this 
excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess  of  stimu- 
lus or  Hyperstheni'a:  when  too  little,  there  is 
deficiency  or  Bypostheni'a.  Diseases,  general  and 
local,  are  divided  into  three  great  classes,  or  into, 
1.  Hypersthenic;  2.  Hyposthenic;  3.  Irritative. 
The  con tro-  stimulant  physicians  admit  only  two 
classes  of  medicines — stimulants  and  contro-sti. 


CONTENDING 


2S6 


CONVOLVULUS 


OONTTJNDING,  Contu'eing,  Oontun'dent,  from 
contender*,  (eon  and  tundere,)  'to  braise.'  (F.) 
Oontondant.  That  which  causes  contagions.  An 
epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  yulnerating  pro* 
jeotiles,  which  bruise  or  lacerate  parts  without 
cutting  them. 

CONTUS,  Contused. 

C0NTU8,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon.  (P.)  Oontue. 
Affected  with  contusion.  Thus  we  say  —  a  con- 
fused wound, 

CONTU'SION,  Oontu'eio,  a  Bruiee,  Collie'io, 
Phiasma,  Thlaeie,  Tklcu'ma,  Th.eontnfeio,Rhegi, 
Rhegma,  Rhegmue,  Fatnex,  Famie,  Fornix,  (F.) 
Meurtrieeure.  Same  etymon.  An  injury  or  lesion 
— arising  from  the  impulse  of  a  body  with  a  blunt 
surface — which  presents  no  loss  of  substance,  and 
no  apparent  wound.  If  the  skin  be  divided,  the 
injury  takes  the  name  of  contused  wound.  The 
differences  of  contusions,  as  to  extent,  are  of 
course  infinite.  When  slight,  the  blood  stagnates 
In  the  capillaries  of  the  skin,  or  is  effused  into  the 
subcutaneous  areolar  tissue.  Time  and  cold  ap- 
plications remove  it.  When  the  texture  of  the 
parts  has  been  lacerated,  there  is  effusion  of 
blood,  with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part 
Cooling  applications,  general  or  topical  bleeding, 
emollients,  poultices,  Ac,  are  here  necessary, 
according  to  circumstances.  In  the  severest 
kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and  solid  parts, 
except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at  times,  re- 
duced to  a  kind  of  pap.  When  the  disorganisa- 
tion is  to  this  extent,  there  is  no  hope  except  in 
amputation.  A  deep  contusion  of  the  soft  parts 
has  been  called  Sarcoth'laeie,  and  Sarcothlae'ma. 

CONUS  ABTERIO'SUS,  Infundib'ulum  of  the 
heart.  The  portion  of  the  right  ventricle  from 
which  the  pulmonary  artery  proceeds,  forms  a 
prominence  on  the  right  side  of  the  anterior  fur- 
row of  the  heart,  and  is  prolonged  towards  the 
left,  becoming  narrower  at  the  same  time,  so  as 
to  form  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  ex- 
tends a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  ventricles. 
This  is  the  Conn*  arteriosus. 

Conus  Vasculosus,  see  Coni  Vasoulosi. 

CONVALESCENCE,  Convalesced  tia,  Ana- 
Up*  •is,  Anas' tasis,  Reeonvaleseen'tia,  from  eonva- 
leecere,  (con  and  valescere)  *  to  grow  welL'  Ex- 
anas'trophi.  Recovery  of  health  after  disease. 
The  time  which  elapses  between  the  termination 
of  a  disease  and  complete  restoration  of  strength. 

CONVALLARIA  ANGULOSA,  0.  polygona- 
tum. 

Convalla'ria  Maia'lis,  from  eonvallis,  'a 
▼alley,'— from  its  abounding  in  valleys.  Lil'ium 
Oonval'lium,  Convalla'ria,  C.  mappi,  Maian't he- 
mum,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  May  Lily,  (F.)  Muguet, 
Muguet  de  Mai.  The  recent  flowers  are  reputed 
to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhine,  and  cathartic 
They  are  not  used. 

CoirvALLARiA  Mappi,  C  Maiali*. 

Convalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  Polygon' atum 
wwUiflo'rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

Convalla'ria  Poltgon' atuv.  The  systema- 
tic name  of  Solomon's  Seal,  Convalla'ria  angu- 
lo'sa,  Polygon' at um  unifio'rum  sen  ancep&  seu  vul- 
ga'ri,  Sigil'lum  Salomo'nis,  Polygon' ahum.  The 
root  was  onee  used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic. 
It  is,  also,  a  reputed  cosmetic 

CONVENTUS,  Coition. 

CONVERSION,  Conver'sio,  from  eon  and  wr- 
ten, '  to  turn.'  Change  from  one  state  into  another. 

Conversion  or  Diseases,  (F.)  Convereion  de* 
maladies,  is  the  ohange  or  transformation  of  one 
disease  into  another. 

CONVOLUTION,  Convolu'tio,  from  convolvere, 
(am  and  volvere)  'to  entwine;'   EpUpha'rion, 


Gyrus,  Eelig'mus,  (F.)  Circonvoluhon,  The  roll* 
ing  of  any  thing  upon  itself. 

Convolutions,  Ceb/ebral,  Oyri  seu  Plicatu'- 
rm  seu  Spiral  sen  Processus  enteroVdei  Cerebri, 
are  the  round,  undulating,  tortuous  projection! 
observed  at  the  surface  of  the  brain.  In  them 
Gall's  organs,  of  oourse,  terminate. 

Convolution,  Inteb'nal,  C.  of  the  Corpus 
CaUo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  princi- 
pal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner  surface 
of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus  callosum. 
In  front  it  bends  downwards  and  backwards  to 
the  fissure  of  Sylvius,  and  behind  it  extends  to 
the  middle  lobe  and  forms  the  hippocampus  major. 

Convolutions,  Intss'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Convolution,  Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  the 
roof  of  the  orbit 

CONVOLVULUS,  Intussnsceptio,  Ileus. 

Convol'vulus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  C, 
In'dicue,  Camotes  /  the  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish 
Potato.  This  is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the 
genus  Convolvulus.  It  is  much  eaten  in  the 
United  States. 

Convol'vulus  Cantab'rjca,  Cantab'rica,  La- 
vender-leaved Bindweed,  has  been  considered  an- 
thelmintic and  actively  cathartic 

Convolvulus  Indicus,  C.  Batatas. 

Couvoi/vulus  Jala'pa.  A  systematic  name 
of  the  Jalap  plant,  properly  Ipomce'a  Jalapa  sen 
macrorhi'aa.  Jala' pi  um,  Jalo'pa,  Mechoaea'na  ni- 
gra, Jalappa,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Root,  Oialappa,  Xa- 
lappa,  Bryo'nia  Mechoacan'a  nigricans,  Bryo'- 
nia  Peruvia'na,  Chela' pa,  Rhabar'barum  Nigrum, 
Oelappium,  (F.)  Jalap,  is  procured  from  South 
Amenoa.  Its  odour  is  nauseous ;  taste  sweetish 
and  slightly  pungent.  It  is  solid,  hard,  heavy, 
brittle;  fracture  resinous ;  internally,  light  gray; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrinkled 
bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  the  resinous 
part  griping  violently.  Dose,  10  gr.  to  gss.  A 
drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent  it 
from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jalapin 
and  Cathartin  have  been  given. 

Convolvulus  Major  Albus,  Convolvulus  se> 
pium — c  Maritimus,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Convol'vulus  Mbchoacan,  Mechoaca'nm 
Radix,  Jalappa  alba,  Rhabar'barum  album,  Me- 
choacan,%  (F.)  Rhabarbe  blanche.  A  Mexican 
convolvulus,  the  root  of  which  possesses  aperient 
properties,  and  was  once  extensively  used  instead 
of  jalap. 

Convolvulus  Meoalorhizus,  C.  Panduratus. 

Convol'vulus  P/ndura'tus,  C.  Megahrhi'- 
tue,  Pseudo-mechoaca'na,  Fiddle-leaved  Bind- 
weed, Hog  Potato,  Virginian  Bindweed,  Wild 
Pota'to,  Meeh'ameck,  M.  Bindweed,  Wild  Jalap, 
Man  in  the  ground,  Wild  Rhubarb,  Wild  Potato- 
Vine,  Kassau'der,  Kassa'der,  Kueeauder,  (F.) 
Lieeron  Mechamee.  In  Virginia,  and  some  other 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  this  plant 
has  been  much  recommended  in  cases  of  gravel. 
It  is  used  either  in  powder  or  decoction. 

Convolvulus  Pbrbnnis,  Hamulus  lupulus. 

Convolvulus  pes  Ca'pre*,  Bargada.  A 
plant  used  in  India  as  a  cataplasm  in  arthritic 


Convolvulus  Rbpbns,  C.  sepium. 

Convolvulus  Scaxxo'nba  seu  Scammo'icia, 
0.  Syriacue.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Scam' 
mony  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant;  the 
concrete1  gummi-resinous  juice  of  which,  Soam- 
mo'nia,  Scammonia  Oummi  Resi'na,  Scammonium, 
&  Syriacum,  JHagryd'ium,  Dacrydion,  T 


CONVCLSIBILITAS 


23ft 


copob 


*y,  Mahmoudy,  (P.)  Scammonie  ffAlep,  comes  to 
us  in  blackish-gray  fragments,  becoming  whitish* 
yellow  when  touched  with  wet  fingers.  It  is  a 
drastic,  hydragogue  cathartic  Dose,  gr.  iij  to 
gr.  xt,  triturated  with  sugar. 

Cokvolvulub,  Sea,  Convolvulus  Soldanella. 
Cohvol'vulub  Se'piuit,  Convolvulus  major 
albus  sea  repent  sea  Tugurio'rum,  Calyste'gia 
se'pium,  Great  Bindweed,  (F.)  Liseron  den  Haies  : 
Grand  Liseron.  The  juice  of  this  plant  is  vio- 
lently purgative,  and  is  given  in  dropsical  affec- 
tions. 

Convol'vulub  Soldakel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Sea  Convolvulus,  Bras'sica  Mari'na, 
Calyste'gia  Soldanella,  Sea  Bindweed,  Convol- 
vulus Marit'imus,  Soldanel'la,  (F.)  Chou  Marin. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  drastic  ca- 
thartic ;  but  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all,  used. 

Convolvulus  Syriacus,  Convolvulus  soam- 
monia— c.  Tuguriorum,  C.  sepium. 

Coxvol'vulub  Turpe'thuk,  Turpe'thum.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  Turbith  plant.    (F.)  Ra- 
cine de  Turbith.    The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
this  species  of  convolvulus  is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies.    It  is  a  cathartic,  but  not  used. 
CON  VULSIBILITAS,  see  Subsultus  tendinum. 
CONVULSIF,  Convulsive. 
CONVULSIO,    Convulsion  —  c   Canina,    see 
Canine  laugh. 

Convul'sio  Cerea'lib,  ConvuUio  ab  Ustilag'- 
inl,  Ergoti Smut  spasmod'icus,  Myrmeci' asie,  Ba- 
pha'nia,  Myrmecias'mue,  Convul'sio  Solonien'sis, 
Myrmecis'mus,  Myrmeco'sis,  Cereal  ConvuUion, 
(F.)  ConvuUion  ciriaU,  ErgoHsme  convulsif,  Con- 
vuUion de  Sologne.  A  singular  disorder  of  the 
convulsive  kind,  attended  with  a  peculiar  tingling 
and  formication  in  the  arms  and  legs;  hence 
called  by  the  Germans  Kriebelkrankheit  It 
is  said  to  be  endemic  in  some  parts1  of  Germany, 
and  to  arise  often  from  the  use  of  spoiled  corn. 

Comvblsio  Habttualis,  Chorea — o.  Indica, 
Tetanus — c.  Raphania,  Baphania — o.  SolonienBis, 
C.  cerealia,  Ergotism— o.  Tonica,  Tonio  spasm — 
e.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

CONVUL'SIO  N,  Spaemus,  Convul'sio, from 
convallere,  (eon  and  veUere,)  '  to  tear/  'to  pull  to- 
gether;' Oonduc'tio,  Hieran'osis,  JHsten'tio  ner- 
vo'rum,  Spasmus  clon'icus,  Convul'sio  clon'ica, 
E clamp' si  a,  Syspa'sia  Convul'sio,  Hyper spasm' 'ia, 
Clonic  Spasm.  This  word  has  several  accepta- 
tions. It  means  any  violent  perversion  of  the 
animal  movements.  The  word  Convulsions  ge- 
nerally, however,  signifies  alternate  contractions, 
violent  and  involuntary,  of  muscles,  which  habi- 
tually contract  only  under  the  influence  of  the 
will.  This  alternate  contraption,  when  slight,  is 
called  tremor;  when  strong  and  permanent,  teta- 
nus, trismus,  Ac.  Spasms,  Cramp,  Bisus  Sardo- 
nicus,  and  St.  Vitus* s  Dance  are  convulsions. 

Coxvulbiok,  Salaam',  Eclamp'sia  nutans.  A 
name  given  to  a  singular  kind  of  convulsion  in 
ohildren,  in  which  there  is  a  peculiar  bobbing  of 
the  head  forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 

CONVULSION  BE  SOLOGNE,  Convulsio 
eerealis. 

CONVULSIONNAIRE,  (F.)  A  name  given, 
during  the  last  century,  to  individuals  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by  re- 
ligious impulses. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  OHILDREN,  Eclampsia 
—o.  des  En/ans,  Eclampsia — e.  des  Femmee  en- 
ceintes et  en  couches,  Eclampsia  gravidarum  et 
parturientium— - c.  Puerperal,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium.    See  Mania,  dancing. 

CONVUL'SIVB,  CommUi'tme,  Spasmo'des, 
AgUato'rius,  (E.)  ConvuUif.    That  which  is  ac- 


companied by,  or  ia  analogous  to,  convulsions,  as 
convulsive  cough,  convulsive  disease, 

CONYZA,  Inula  dysenterica— o.  Coma  aurea, 
Solidago  Virgaurea— c.  Major,  C.  squarroaa—  c 
Media,  Inula  dysenterica. 

Cony'za  Squarro'ba,  C.  Major,  Brephoc'to- 
non,  In'ula  squarro'sa,  Great  FUabane  or  Spike- 
nard,   (F.)  Herbe  aux  mouches.     A  European 
plant,  whose  strong  and  disagreeable  odour  was 
formerly  considered  to  be  destructive  to  flies, 
fleas,  Ac    Its  infusion  in  wine  was  once  used  as 
an  emmenagogue  and  anti-icteric;  and  in  vinegar 
as  an  anti-epileptic. 
COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 
COOL  WEED,  Pilea  pumila. 
COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 
COOPERCULUM  OCULI,  Palpebra. 
COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 
COOSTRUM.    The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm.— Ruland. 
COPAHU,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  Copalf'era 
officinalis  seu  Jaequini,  Copaiva  officinalis,  and 
other  species  of  Copaifera;  Family,  Leguminous. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  It  is  the  Co- 
paifera officinalis  Resi'na,  BaVsamum  Copaiba, 
B.  Bramlien'si,  B.  de  Qopaibd,  B.  Capi'vi,  Bal- 
sam of  Copaiba  or  Copaiva,  (vulgarly  pronounced 
capee'vy,)  (F.)  Copahu,  Baume  de  Copahu,  B.  du 
Brisil,  Tirtbinthe  de  Copahu.  Its  odour  is  pe- 
culiar, but  not  unpleasant;  taste  pungent,  bitter; 
consistence,  syrupy ;  colour  yellowish,  and  trans- 
parent. It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  the 
expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.950.  Its  properties  an 
stimulant  and  diuretic ;  in  large  doses  it  is  pur- 
gative. It  acts  on  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  and  on  mueous  membranes  in  general. 
Itjs  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leucorrhcea,  Ac., 
in  the  dose  of  gtt  x  to  3J,  twice  or  thrice  a  day. 
Should  symptoms  of  urticaria  or  diarrhoea  arise, 
the  dose  is  too  large,  and  must  be  diminished. 
It  can  be  inspissated  by  means  of  magnesia  so 
as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  a  plan  has  been 
devised  for  enveloping  it  in  gelatin,  so  that  ita 
taste  is  entirely  concealed.  See  Capsules,  gela- 
tinous. 

COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba— o. 
Officinalis,  see  Copaiba. 
COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba. 
COPAL',  CopaU,  Besina  Copal,  Gummi  copaU 
li'num.    A  resinous  substance  brought  from  the 
Bast  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  which  flows  spontaneously  from 
EUtocar'pue  Copalif'era  or  Vate'ria  Ind'ica,  and 
probably  from  different  species  of  Hymcma'a.    It 
is  a  stimulant  like  all  the  resins,  and,  dissolved 
in  rectified  spirit  of  wine,  has  been  used  in  oases 
of  spongy  gums  and  looseness  of  the  teeth ;  bat 
it  is  now  only  employed  in  varnishes. 
COPE,  Cut 
COPHOMA,  Cophosis. 
COPHONIA,  Acouophonia. 
COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma,  Coph'otes,  Sur'ditm, 
Paracusis,  Dysasthe'siu  audito'ria ;  from  cwf** 
*  deaf.'     (F.)  Surditi.     Diminution  or  loss  of 
hearing.     Cullen  uses  the  word  synonymously 
with  Syeeeosa,  and  Pinel  with  Paracou'sia  or 
Parac'oi.    According  to  Sauvagee,  Cophosis  dif- 
fers from  both, — from  Bysecam,  because  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays  cannot  reach  the  labyrinth ;  and 
from  Paracousia,  which  consists  in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis  seems,  usually,  to  be  synonymous 
with  deafness, — Paraeu'sU  Sur'ditas. 
COPHOTES,  Cophosis. 

C0P0S,  Lassitn'do,  Fatiga'tio,  Lassitude,  Fa- 
tigue. A  state  of  body  in  which  most  of  the  ani- 
mal funotions  are  exerted  with  leas  promptitude 


OOPPHR 


38T 


COBALUNA 


sad  vigour  than  oommon.  The  ancients  admit- 
ted three  species :  1.  That  arising  from  plethora, 
Laaaitu'do  tenai'va,  tono'dea;  2.  From  plethora 
and  increased  heat  combined,  Laaaitu'do  pkUg- 
mono'sdj  aatuo'aa,  phlegmono'dea  ;  and,  3.  Owing 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  humours,  Laaaitu'do 
ulcerosa,  Kalco'dea. 

COPPER,  Cuprum — c.  Ammonlated,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — o.  Ammonio-snlphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — c  Snbacetate  of,  Cupri  subaoetas 
— c  Sulphate  of,  Cupri  sulphas — c.  Ammoniaeal 
sulphate  of,  Cuprum  ammoniatum. 

COPPERAS,  Ferri  sulphas  —  c.  White,  Zind 
sulphas. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gotta  rosea. 

COPRACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRAGO'GUM,  from  «ora*,  'feces,'  and 
ayt»,  '  I  bring  away.'  Stercua  £  primia  vita  adu'- 
cefM.  A  cathartic.  The  name  of  a  laxative  elec- 
tuary, mentioned  by  Ruland. 

CQPRECCRITICUS,  Coprocriticus. 

COPREM'ESIS,  CopriUm'eaia,  Vom'itua  facu- 
len'tm  seu  ater'coria :  same  etymon  as  the  next 
Vomiting  of  feces. 

COPREM'ETUS,  Ooproem'etua,  Coprikm'atua, 
Jferdic'omua,  from  xoxpos, '  excrement,'  and  ifteu, 
*  I  vomit.'   One  who  vomits  feces. — Hippocrates. 

COPRIEMESIS,  Copremesis. 

COPRIEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  Copreccrifieua,  from  *eir- 
pw, '  excrement,'  and  kjkvm, '  I  separate.'  A  mild 
cathartic ;  an  ecooprotic. 

COPROEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROEPISCHESIS,  Constipation. 

COPROLITHUS,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines. 

COPROPHORESIS,  Catharsis. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 

COPROSCLEROMA,  Coprosclerosis. 

COPROSCLERO'SIS,  from  «o*poj,  'excre- 
ment,' and  okXtjoou,  'I  harden.'  Induration  of 
fecal  matters ;  Ooproaclero'ma. 

COPROSTASIS,  Constipation. 

COPTE,  Copton,  from  xoirru,  '  I  beat  or  pound.' 
A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vegetable  substances, 
which  the  ancients  administered  internally,  and 
applied  to  the  epigastric  region  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  CopHa  trifo'lia,  NigeVla,  HelUb'orua 
trifo'liua,  Fibra  au'rea,  Chryza  Jibrau'rea,  Ana- 
mo'ni  GrSnlan'dica,  Gold  thread.  Mouth  root. 
The  root  of  this — Coptia,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much 
nsed  in  Massachusetts,  in  aphthous  and  other 
ulcerations  of  the  mouth,  as  a  local  application. 
It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and  can  be  used,  wherever 
such  is  indicated. 

Coptts  Terta,  Miahma  Teeta,  (Upper  Assam), 
Honglane,  (Chinese).  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  to  be  a  powerful  tonic  and  stomachic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

COPULA,  Ligament — c.  Carnalis,  Coition— c. 
Cartilaginea,  see  Synchondrosis — c.  Magna  cere- 
bri, Corpus  callosum. 

COPULATION,  Coition. 

COPYO'PIA,  Kopvo'pia,  (F.)  Laaaitude  oeu- 
laire,  from  koxos,  'fatigue,'  and  ««//,  'the  eye.' 
Fatigue  of  vision.  Weakness  of  sight  Inability 
of  the  eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 

COQ,  Phasianus  Gallus. 

COQUE  DXJ  LEVANT,  see  Menispennum 
ooceulus  —  c.  oVGEuf,  see  Ovum  —  c.  Levant,  see 
Menispennum  cocculus. 

OOQUELIOOT,  Papaver  rhoeas. 

OOQUELOURDE,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

OOQUELUCHE,  Influenza,  Pertussis. 


COQUEK'TIA  MEDICAMENT' A, 
quart,  'to  digest9  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouring  tilt 
coetion  or  digestion  of  food. 

COQUERET,  Physalis. 

COQUETTE,  Influensa. 

COQUILLE,  Coohlea— e.  oVCEuf,  see  Ovum. 

COR,  A  corn.    Also,  Heart 

Cor  Bovtnum,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CORACOBRACHLfiUS,  Coracobrachial 

COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL,  Cor'aco  Brachial*. 
Belonging  both  to  the  eoracoid  process  and  arm. 

Cobaco-Brachialis  (Muscle),  Coracobrachi- 
al'ua,  Coraco-humiral—(Ch.),  Ptrfora'tua  Cabsb'- 
an,  Perforatua,  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper 
part  of  the  arm.  It  arises  from  the  eoracoid 
process  of  the  scapula,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
middle  part  of  the  inner  side  of  the  humerus.  It 
carries  the  arm  forwards  and  inwards,  raising 
the  humerus  a  little.  It  can,  also,  by  acting  in- 
versely,  depress  the  shoulder. 

CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Coraeo-clavicuta'- 
ria.  Belonging  to  the  eoracoid  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

Coraco  Clavicular  Ligament, — called,  also, 
Omo-clatncular,  —  serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 
the  eoracoid  process.  It  is  very  irregular,  and 
formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 
of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 
ments, under  the  names  Conoid  and  Trapezoid. 

CORACODES,  Coracoid. 

CORACO-HUMERALIS,  Coraeo-braohialis—- 
o.  Hyoideus,  Omohyoideus  —  c.  Radialis,  Biceps 
flexor  cubiti. 

COR'ACOID,  CoracoVdaua,  OoracoVdea,  Cora- 
cofdaa,  0.  Proceaa'ua,  Comieula'ria  Proeeaaua, 
Crow'a-beak-tiha  Procaaa,  Proeea'aua  anchora'lia, 
roatriform'ia,  ancyroi'dea,  from  «opa{,  'a  crow,' 
and  ttiof,  'resemblance.'  (F.)  Coracoid*,  Re. 
sombling  the  beak  of  a  crow.  A  name  given  by 
Galen,  (and  still  retained,)  to  the  short,  thick 
process,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper 
margin  of  the  scapula;  which  has  some  resem- 
blance to  the  beak  of  a  crow.  This  process  gives 
attachment  to  the  Coraco-clavic'ular  and  Coraco- 
acro'nuial  ligaments,  and  to  the  Coraco-brachia'- 
lia,  Ptctora'lia  minor,  and  Bieepa  muscles. 

Coracoid  Lia'AJfBNT,  Ligamen'tum  coracoV- 
deum,  (F.)  L.  Coracdidien.  This  name  is  given 
to  the  small  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  converts 
the  notch,  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 
into  a  foramen. 

COB  AIL,  Coral — e.  det  Jardina,  Capsicum 
annuum. 

CORAL,  CoraVlium,  CoraVlua,  Arbor  Maria, 
Astir,  Boleaia,  from  icoptu,  'I  adorn,'  and  'oXf, 
'the  sea.'  {Y.)  Cor  ail.  One  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful productions  of  the  deep.  It  is  fixed  to  sub- 
marine  rocks,  in  the  form  of  a  shrub ;  and  is  of 
a  bright  red  colour.  It  is  the  habitation  of  a 
multitude  of  animals,  of  the  Zoophyta  order,  and 
is  formed  of  a  calcareous  substance,  secreted  by 
the  animals  themselves.  It  is  in  very  hard,  con- 
centric layers ;  covered,  externally,  by  a  species 
of  porous  bark,  full  of  cellules,  each  of  which  con- 
tains one  of  these  animals.  Linnaeus  calls  the 
red  coral,  lata  nob' ilia,  and  M.  de  Lamarck,  Co- 
raVlium rubrxtm.  It  is  much  fished  for  on  the 
coasts  of  Barbary  and  Sicily.  Coral  was  formerly 
esteemed  tonic,  absorbent,  astringent,  Ac;  but 
analysis  has  shown,  that  it  contains  only  carbo- 
nate of  lime  and  a  little  gelatin.  —  Dioscorides, 
Pliny,  Oribasius,  the  Oeoponica,  Ac.  The  CoraU 
Hum  album  is  a  hard,  white,  calcareous  brittle 
substance,  the  nidus  of  the  Madrep'ora  ocula'ta. 
It  has  been  given  as  an  absorbent 

CORALLI'NA  Diminutive  of  CoraUi urn : 
Muacua  maritimua,  Corollina  officimtli*,  Brion, 


CORALLINE 


338 


CORIUM 


OoraUina  alba,  Sea  Cor* 'alline, White  Worm-weed. 
The  production  of  an  animal,  which  belongs  to 
the  genus  PoVypi,  and  which  is  found  in  all  the 
seas  of  Europe ; — particularly  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean. It  has  the  appearance  of  a  plant,  is  homo- 
geneous, an  inch  or  two  in  height,  of  a  white, 
reddish,  or  greenish  colour,  salt  taste,  and  marine 
smell.  It  contains  gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of 
sodium,  phosphate,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  silica,  oxide  of  iron, 
and  a  colouring  principle.  It  was  once  much 
used  as  a  vermifuge ;  but  is  not  now  employed. 
Dose,  gss  to  3J,  in  powder. 

Corallina  Corsica'va,  C.  rubra,  Helmintho- 
ehorton,  Helminthochort'um,  Elminthochorton, 
Muscue  helminthochortoe,  Melithochorion,  Muscue 
cor  alii' nu*  sen  Mari'nut  sen  Cor'eicue,  Conferva 
Helminthochortoe,  Spharrococcue  helmintltochor- 
toe,  Gigarti'na  helminthochorton,  Coralli'na  me- 
litoehorton,  Lemithoehorton,  Fucue  Helmintho- 
chorton, Cera'mium  helminthochort'ue,  Coreiean 
Worm-ioeed,  (F.)  Coralline  de  Corse,  Moueee  de 
Coree.  It  is  a  mixture  of  several  marine  plants 
and  zoophytes,  as  the  fucua,  ceramium,  ulva,  co- 
ralline, conferva,  Ac,  and  has  gained  great  repu- 
tation for  destroying  all  kinds  of  intestinal  worms, 
when  given  in  strong  decoction.  The  Geneva 
Pharmacopoeia  directs  an  officinal  syrup  —  the 
Sirop  de  Coralline, 

CORALLINE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsi- 
can  a. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
loides. 

CORALWORT,  Clavaria  coralloides. 

CORD,  Funie,  Funiculus,  Chamoe,  OhaSnion, 
%otvost  \oiviov,  from  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  %op&n,  'intestine;'  and,  after- 
wards, was  applied  to  musical  cords  or  strings, 
made  of  the  intestines  of  animals.    See  Chorda. 

Cord,  Umbilical,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

Cords.  Vocal,  Cord*  of  Ferrein,  Chorda  vo- 
ca'lee,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which  Ferrein  compared  to 
stretched  cords,  and  to  which  he  attributed  the 
production  of  voice.  See  Thy reo-  arytenoid  Liga- 
ment. 

CORD  A,  Chorda — c.  Hippocratis,  A  chillis 
tendo  —  c.  Magna,  Achillis  tendo  —  o.  Spinalis, 
Medulla  spinalis. 

CORDE  DU  TAMBOUR,  Chorda  tympani 
— c.  du  Tympany  Chorda  tympani 

CORDEE,  Chordee. 

CORDIA  AFRICANA,  Sebestina— c.  iJomcs- 
tica,  Sebestina— c.  Myxa,  Sebestina — c.  Obliqua, 
Sebestina — o.  Sebestina,  Sebestina — c.  Smooth- 
leaved,  Sebestina. 

COR'DIAL,  Cordia'lie,  Cardi'acue,  from  cor, 
cordis,  '  the  heart'  A  tonic  or  excitant  medicine, 
judged  to  be  proper  for  exciting  the  heart.  A 
warm  stomachic. 

Cordial,  Godfrey's,  see  Godfrey's  Cordial — 
c  Nervous,  Brodum's,  see  Tincture  gentianss 
composite  —  c.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  Confectio 
aromatica — c  Warner's,  see  Tinotura  rhei  et 
sennas. 

CORDIFORM  TENDON  OF  THE  DIA- 
PHRAGM, Centre,  phrenic. 

CORDINE'MA,  from  xapa,  'the  head,'  and 
iivtta,  'I  move  about'  Heaoach,  accompanied 
with  vertigo.     See  Carebaria. 

CORDIS  EMUNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 

CORDOLIUM,  Cardialgia. 

CORDON (V.),Funic'ulue,  diminutive  of/«m«, 
•  a  cord.'  A  term  applied  to  many  parts,  which 
resemble  a  small  cord. 

CORDON  NERVEUX,  Ramus  Nervo'sus.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve,  or  the  nervous  trunk 
itself. 

CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbili- , 


calia — c.  Spermatiqve,  Spermatic  chord — c  TetU- 
culaire,  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS  SUS-PUBIENS,  Round  liga- 
ment* of  the  uterus— c.  Vasculaires,  Round  liga- 
ment* of  the  uterus. 

CORE,  Pupil,  see  Furunculus. 

CORECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORECTOP'IA,from«pV|  'the  pupil/  «t,  'out 
of,'  and  rowos,  '  place.'  Displacement  of  the  pupiL 
A  condition  of  the  iris  in  which  one  segment  is 
larger  than  the  other;  so  that  the  pupil  ia  not  in 
the  centre. — Von  Ammon. 

COREDIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

CORE'MATA,  from  *opco>,  'I  cleanse.'  Reme- 
dies proper  for  cleansing  the  skin.  —  Paulus  of 
JEgina. 

COREMETAMORPHOSIS,  Dyseoria. 

COREMORPHO'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next 
A  morbid  change  in  the  shape  of  the  pupil. 

COREMORPHO'SIS,  Conforma'tio  pupilTm 
artificia'litj  from  Kopij, '  the  pupil,'  and  popfunt, 
'formation.'  The  operation  for  artificial  pupiL 
See  Coretomia. 

COREON'CION,  Cfcron'etoii,  Coreon'cium,  from 
Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and  oyxtvov,  'a  hook.'  An  in- 
strument, used  for  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil 
by  Langenbeck.  It  is  hooked  at  its  extremity. 
A  double-hooked  forceps,  used  by  Von  Grafe,  is 
similarly  named. 

COREOP'SIS  TRICHOSPER'MA,  Tickweed 
eun/lower,  Ticketed  sunflower.  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  Composite  Family,  with  large  golden- 
yellow  rays,  which  flowers  in  September.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  used  as  an  alterative. 

CORETODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  Coretodialysis. 

CORETOM'IA,  from  Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and 
rcftvctv,  'to  cut'  Corotom'ia,  Ooretotom'ia,  Iri- 
dotom'ia,  Corcctom'ia,  Coretoncctom'ia,  Iridectom'- 
ia,  IridectomediaVysis,  IridectomodiaV ysis,  Core- 
dial'ysis,  Corodial'ysis,  Coretodial'ysis,  Coretome- 
dial'ysis,  Iridodial'ysis.  Various  operations  for 
the  formation  of  artificial  pupil  are  so  termed. 
The  last  five  signify  the  separation  or  tearing 
asunder  of  the  iris  from  the  ciliary  ligament;  the 
preceding  five  the  incision  of  the  iris,  with  loss 
of  substance ;  and  the  remainder  signify  a  simple 
incision  of  the  iris,  without  loss  of  substance. 
When  a  portion  of  the  iris  is  left  strangulated  in 
the  wound,  it  is  termed  IridcncUi'sis,  IridcncUis'- 
mus,  and  Iridotenclei'sis. 

C0RETONECT0MIA,  Coretomia. 

CORETOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORIANDER,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cicuta  viroaa— c 
Maculatum,  Conium  maculatum. 

Corian'drum  Sati'vum,  Corian'der,  Corian'- 
non,  (F.)  Coriandre.  Family,  Umbelliferaa.  Sex, 
Syst.  Petandria  Digynia.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Corian'drvm  of  the  pharmacopoeias ;  Co- 
rian'non.  The  seeds  of  the  coriander  have  an 
aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent  taste. 
They  are  carminative;  but  are  chiefly  used  to 
cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 

CORIANNON,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIGEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 

CORliTIS,  Cytitis. 

CORINTHIAC.fi,  see  VitU  corinthiaca. 

CORION,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

CORIS,  Cimex — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphytum 
Petroum. 

CO'RIUM,  Cbnon,  (F.)  Cuir.  The  skin  of 
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned. 
The  cutis  vera,  or  the  thickest  part  of  the  human 
skin. 

Corittv  Prlogis'ticcv,  Crusta  plevretica,  C. 
injlammato'ria,  C.  phlogit'tica,  Inflammatory  Crust 
or  Buff,  Buffy  Coat,  (F.)  Couennt,  C.  PleurHiqne, 
C.  Inflammatoire.     The  grayish  crust  or  bufl^ 


CORK 


»• 


CORNU 


varying  in  thickness,  observed  on  blood  drawn 
from  a  vein  daring  the  existence  of  violent  in- 
flammation, pregnancy,  Ac.  It  is  particularly 
manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one  of  its  names. 
For  its  production,  it  appears  to  be  requisite,  that 
there  should  be  an  increase  in  the  proportion  of 
the  fibrinous  element  of  the  blood  over  that  of 
the  red  corpuscles,  with  increased  aggregation 
of  those  corpuscles.  Under  such  circumstances, 
the  buffy  coat  assumes  a  concave  appearance  on 
its  upper  surface,  and  the  blood  is,  therefore,  said 
to  be  cupped. 

The  buff  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin ;  but,  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
der, it  is  composed  of  a  binoxide  of  protein,  which 
is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tritoxide  which 
is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  comprehended  by 
him  under  the  name  oxyprotein. 

When  the  blood  presents  the  above  appearance, 
it  is  said  to  be  buffy. 

CORK,  Suber. 

CORMIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 

CORMUS.  In  botany,  when  the  stem  of  a 
plant,  without  creeping  or  rooting,  is  distended 
under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or  oval  form,  it 
is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vulgarly  termed  a 
root, — radix, 

CORN,  (Saxon  conn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In  Eng- 
land, this  word  means  the  Cerealia,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  ears,  not  in  pods.  In  the 
United  States,  Corn  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French  BU 
or  Bled. 

Corn,  Clam;  Clavu*  Pedie,  Ecpky'ma  Clavue, 
Gemur'ea,  (F.)  Cor,  Ognon,  from  comu,  a  'horn.' 
A  small,  hard,  corneous  tumour,  which  forms 
upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes ;  and  is  com- 
monly produced  on  the  most  projecting  parts,  by 
the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes.  A  part  of  the 
corn  is  raised  above  the  skin,  and  forms  a  round 
tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail :  the  other  por- 
tion, which  serves  as  its  base,  is  buried  more  or 
less  deeply  in  the  integuments,  and  occasionally 
extends  as  far  as  the  tendons  and  periosteum. 
Corns  may,  sometimes,  be  removed,  by  immers- 
ing the  feet  in  warm  water,  but  commonly  they 
return.  They  can,  likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the 
knife  or  caustic,  or  by  paring  them  down  and 
pulling  them  out  by  the  roots;  but  these  opera- 
tions are  not  always  as  simple  as  they  seem.  In 
the  way  of  palliation,  they  must  be  constantly 
pared ;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  pres- 
sure, any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon  linen  or  leather, 
may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in  the  centre  to  re- 
ceive the  corn ;  and  layer  after  layer  of  plaster 
be  added,  until  they  attain  the  level  of  the  corn. 
When  very  irritable,  the  lunar  caustic,  rubbed 
over  the  surface,  will  generally  diminish  irritabi- 
lity surprisingly,  and  in  a  mode  not  easy  of  ex- 
planation. 

Cork,  Zea  mays — e.  Guinea,  Panicum  Italicum 

— c.  Indian,  Zea  mays— c.  Wild,  Matricaria  oha- 

momilla — c.  Flag,  Gladiolus  vulgaris — c.  Flower, 

Centaurea  cyanus— c.  Salad,  Valeriana  dentata — 

c  Squirrel,  Di centra  Canadensis. 

CORNALINE,  Cornelian. 

CORNE,  Cornu — e.  d'Ammon,  Cornu  ammonia 

c.  de  Bilier,  Cornu  ammonia — c.  de  Gerf,  Cervus, 

Cornu  cervi,  Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c.  de  Cka 

moie,  Cornu  rupicaprsa — c.  de  la  Peau,  Cornu. 

CORN&,  Corneous. 

COR'NEA,  Cornea  transparent,  C.  pellu'cida, 
C.  lu'cida,  Cerae,  Sclerotica  ceraUA'det,  OeratoV- 
dee  sen  Cera  to' dee  membra' na,  Ceratome'ninx, 
Membra' na  cornea}  from  cornu,  'horn.'  The 
transparent  cornea.  (F.)  Comie.  One  of  the 
coats  of  the  eye,  so  called  because  it  has  some 
resemblance  to  horn.  It  is  termed  transparent 
to  distinguish  it  from  the  opakt —  Cornea  opa'ca 


or  Sclerotic.  It  is  convex,  anteriorly;  concava, 
posteriorly ;  forming  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  ante* 
rior  part  of  the  eye,  and  representing  a  segment 
of  a  sphere  about  seven  lines  and  a  half,  or  in. 
0.625  in  diameter.  It  seems  to  be  constituted  of 
laminae  in  superposition,  but  of  the  precise  num- 
ber anatomists  are  not  agreed.  Henle  assigns  it 
four;  the  third,  a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella, 
being  called  Membrane  de  Demoure  or  M.  de  Dee- 
cemet.  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman  assign  it  five 
layers. 

Cornea,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea— 
e.  Opake,  Caligo— c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic — c  Sugar- 
loaf,  Staphyloma  of  the  oornea. 
CORNEE,  Cornea. 
CORNEITIS,  Ceratitfa. 
CORNEL,  AMERICAN  RED-ROD,  Coram 
sericea — c.  Large-flowered,  Cornus  Florida — o. 
Panioled,  Cornus  paniculata. 

CORNE'LIAN,    Came'lian,   Chalcedo'mu; 
Carnefolue,  Lapis  Came'olus,  Corne'lue,  Corne'olue, 
Lapis  Sard' iue,  (F.)  Cornaline.  A  precious,  semi- 
transparent  stone,  found  in  Sardinia.    The  an% 
cients  ascribed  to  it  a  number  of  absurd  pro- 
perties. 
CORNELUS,  Cornelian. 
CORNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 
COR'NEOUS,  Cor'neue,  (F.)  Corni.    Having 
the  nature  or  appearance  of  horn. 

Corneous  Tissue  is  that  which  forms  the  nails. 
The  corneous  membrane  is  the  cornea. 

CORNES  DE  LIMAgON  (F.),  SnaiCs  Hornt. 
A  name  given  by  Anel  to  the  lachrymal  puncta 
and  ducts. 

CORNES  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Cornna  uteri 
— c.  de  la  Peau,  Horny  excrescences. 
CORNESTA,  Retort 

CORNET  ACOUSTIQUE,  Ear-trumpet—  c. 
Moyen,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — c.  deMorgagni, 
Turbinated  bone,  superior. 

CORNETS  DE  BERTIN,  Sphenoidal  cornua 
— c.  Sphinoidaux,  Sphenoidal  cornua. 
CORNICHON,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 
CORNICULARIS     PROCESSUS,    Coracoid 
process. 

CORNIC'ULUM,  diminutive  of  cornu,  'a  horn.* 
'  a  little  horn.'  A  species  of  cupping  instrument, 
shaped  like  a  trumpet,  having  a  hole  at  the  top 
for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish  the  pressure 
in  its  interior. — Scultetus,  Hildanus. 

Corniculum  Laryn'gis,  Capit'ulum  Santori'ni 
seu  Laryn'gis,  Supra-arytenoid  Cartilage,  Capif- 
ulum  Cartilag"inis  arytenotdea.  A  small,  very 
movable,  cartilaginous  tubercle,  found  on  the 
arytenoid  cartilages. 

CORNIER,  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNIFICATION,  Racomissemcnt. 
CORNINE,  see  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNOUILLER,  Cornus  Florida— c.  ct 
Feuilles  arrondies,  Cornus  circinata — c.  d  Orandee 
flcurs,  Cornus  Florida— c.  Soyeux,  Cornus  sericea. 
CORNU,  Ceras,  Com,  Horn.     (F.)  Come.    A 
conical,    hard,    epidenneous    projection,   which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.    Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the  hu- 
man body,  which  have  nearly  the  same  shape  as 
the  horns  of  animals. 

Cornu.  A  horny  excrescence ;  a  corneous  wart, 
which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin,  and  requires 
the  use  of  the  knife;  (F.)  Come  de  la  Peau. — See 
Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi. — See  Cervus.  Also,  a 
Retort 

Cornu  Acusircuir,  Ear-trumpet 
Cornu  Ammo'nts,  Comu  Arie'tis,  Bippoeam'pm 
major,  Pee  hippocam'pi  major,  Pee  hippopotami 
major,  Protuberan'tia  eylind'rica,  Vermis  Bom- 
bvc"inu«,  Proees'sus  cerebri  latera'lie,  (F.)  Corne 
d'Ammon,  Corne  de  Bilier,  Grande  Hippocampi 


COBNTJA 


HO 


COROXALK 


Pied  de  cheval  marin,  Protuberance  cylindrotde 
(Ch.),  Bourrelct  rouU.  A  broad,  considerable 
eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventriole.  Jts  sur- 
face presents  two  or  three  tubercles  separated 
from  each  other  by  shallow  grooves. 

The  Accato'riu*  Pedis  Hippocamp'i,  (P.)  Ac- 
cessoire  du  pied  (Thxppocampe,  is  a  prominence, 
usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  It  is  merely 
a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  Malaoarne 
called  Cuissart  ou  Armure  des  Jambes. 

CORNU   AnTERIUS    SOU   ANTl'CUM   VeNTRIC'ULI 

Later  a' lis  ;  Anterior  Cornu  of  the  Lateral  Ven- 
tricle. The  portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe, 
and  forms  the  commencement  of  that  cavity. 

Cornu  Ceryi,  Cornu,  Cornu  Cervi'num,  Cervi 
El'aphi  Cornu,  Hartehorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf. 
The  horns  of  various  species  of  the  stag.  They 
contain  about  27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The  Shav- 
ing*, Raspatu'ra  sea  Rae'ura  Cornu  Cervi,  0.  C. 
raspa'tum,  boiled  in  water,  have,  consequently, 
been  esteemed  emollient  and  nutritive. 

Hartihorn  Jelly  may  be  made  as  follows: — 
HarUhom  shaving*,  !Jvj  •  boil  in  water  Oiv  to 
Oij ;  strain,  and  add,  whilst  hot  of  lemon-juice, 
two  tab}espoonfuls ;  white  sugar,  £vj ;  and  Sherry 
wine,  two  glasses. 

A  good  nutriment  for  the  sick,  where  wine  is 
not  improper. 

When  burnt,  the  shavings  constitute  the  Cornu 
cervi  calcina'tum,  Cornu  ustum,  Phosphas  Calci$, 
Galea' ria  phoephor'ica,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf  calcinie, 
which  consists  of  57.5  per  cent  of  phosphate  of 
lime.  It  has  been  used  as  an  antacid,  but  is 
wholly  inert,  as  its  composition  would  indicate. 
It  contains  only  1  per  cent  of  carbonate  of  lime. 

Hartshorn  was  onee  supposed  to  possess  a  be- 
zoardic  power. 

Corn  o  Cervtnuic,  Cervus,  Plantago  corono- 
pus — c.  Ethmoidal,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Cornu  Descen'dens  Ventric'uli  Latera'lis, 
Dig"ital  Cav'ity,  Descending  or  inferior  cornu  of 
the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination  of  the  late- 
ral ventriole  in  the  middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  figure  of  Sylvius. 

Cornu,  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Cornu  Poste'riub  seu  Posti'cuk  Ventric'uli 
Latera'lis,  Car' it  as  digita'ta,  Posterior  Cornu 
of  the  Lateral  Ventricle.  The  triangular  pro- 
longation of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain  into 
the  substance  of  the  occipital  lobe. 

Cornu  Rupica'prjc,  (F.)  Come  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  Cornu  Cervi. 

CORNU  A,  Turbinated  bones. 

Cornua  Cartilag"inis  ThyroIdeje.  Emi- 
nences on  the  thyroid  oartilage,  distinguished 
into  great  or  superior,  which  are  articulated  with 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides; —  and  into 
small  or  inferior,  united  with  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

Cornua  Cocct'ois,  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx.  Two 
•mall,  tubercular  eminences  at  the  base  of  the  coc- 
cyx, which  are  articulated  with  those  of  the  sacrum. 

Cornua  Cutanea,  Horny  excrescences. 

Cornua  HtoIdei  Ossis,  Radi'ces  ossis  hyoVdei, 
Cornua  of  the  Hyoid  Bone.  Four  fragments  of 
the  os  hyoides,  situate  above  the  body  of  the 
bone,  and  distinguished  into  the  small  or  superior, 
and  the  great  or  lateral. 

Cornua  Lachrtmalia,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  see  Lachrymal 
punota. 

Cornua  SacRA'lia,  Cornua  of  the  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 


Cornua,  Styloid,  see  Hyoides,  os. 

Cornua  U'teri,  Cornua  of  the  Uterus,  Cera*, 
Ktpaiat,  P lee' tana,  (F.)  Comes  de  la  Matrice.  The 
angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fallopian  tabes 
arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the  Fallopian  tubes 
themselves. 

CORNUE,  Retort     . 

CORNUE  TUBULEE,  see  Retort 

CORNUMUSA,  Retort 

CORNUS  AMOMUS,  C.  sericea— c  Blue  ber- 
ried, C.  Sericea. 

Cornus  Circina'ta,  Round-leaved  Dogwood, 
(F.)  Cornouiller  a  feuilles  arrondies.  The  bark 
of  this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  pur- 
poses with  the  next 

Cornus  Flor'ida,  Dogwood,  Dogtree,  Bortres, 
BitterRedberry,Large-flowercdComel,MalcGreat- 
flowered  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Virginian 
Dogwood,  Boxwood  {New  England),  (F.;  Cor- 
nouiller, Cornier,  C.  a  grandee  fleurs.  The  bark 
of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  everywhere  in 
the  United  States,  has  been  long  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  cinchona.  Dose,  from  3ss  to  gj.  Its 
active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it,  and 
received  the  name  of  Cornine. 

Cornus  Fcbmixa,  C.  sericea  —  c.  Mas  odorata, 
Lauras  sassafras. 

Cornus  Panicula'ta,  Pan'icled  Cornel,  indi- 
genous, has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  Cornus 
Florida. 

Cornus  Rubiginosa,  C.  sericea — o.  Sanguines, 
Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

Cornus  Seri"cea,  Cornus  amo'mus,  C.fos'mina, 
0.  rubigino'sa,  C.  Sanguin'ea,  Swamp  Dogwood, 
Red  Willow,  Rose  Willow,  New  England  Dog- 
wood, Female  Dogwood,  Silky-leaved  Dowood, 
American  Red-rod  Cornel,  Blueberried  Dogwood, 
Blueberried  Cornus,  (F.)  Cornouiller  eoyeux.  The 
bark,  it  is  said,  has  been  found  little  inferior  to 
Cinchona  Pallida  in  intermittents. — Barton. 

CORNUTA,  Retort 

CORODIALYSIS,  CoretomU. 

CORONA,  Crown— c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  body— 
o.  Bends,  Crown  of  a  tooth  —  c  Glandis,  Crown 
of  the  glans— -c.  Posterior  ulnse,  Olecranon. 

Coro'na  Ra'dians,  Radiating  Crown  of  ReiL 
Fasciculi  of  white  fibres  radiate  in  all  directions 
from  every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  optic  thala- 
mus, excepting  its  inner  side,  which  is  free  and 
corresponds  to  the  third  ventricle ;  the  anterior 
of  these  fibres  pass  directly  forwards,  the  middle 
fibres  outwards,  and  the  posterior  backwards, 
forming  the  coro'na  ra'dians. 

Corona  Regia,  Trifolium  melilotus — c  Ulnse, 
Olecranon — o.  Veneris,  Crown  of  Venus. 

CORONA  CILIARIS  MEMBRANULA,  Cili- 
ary tone— c  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CORONAD,  see  Coronal  Aspect 

CORO'NAL,  Corona'lis,  Corona' rius.  Relating 
to  the  crown;  from  corona,  'a  crown/  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  frontal  bone,  because  on  it 
partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings. 

Coronal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
plane  of  the  corona  or  crown  of  the  head.  Coro- 
nad  is  used  adverbially  to  signify  '  towards  the 
coronal  aspect' — Barclay. 

Coronal  Suture,  Sutu'ra  corona' lis,  S.  Pronto- 
parieta'lis,  Puppis  Sutu'ra,  S.  Arena' Us.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of  the 
head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with  the 
frontal.  The  Suture  Coronals  of  the  French 
anatomists  is  the  suture  which  unites  the  two 
halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of  life. 
It  is  a  prolongation  of  the  sagittal. 

CORONALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received  their  name  from  an  erroneous 


CORONARIUS 


241 


CORPORA  ALBICANTIA 


notion,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
caring  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tempe- 
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  Ac,  and 
tome  iron. 

C0R0NARITJS,  Coronal. 

COR'OXARY,  Corona'rius,  (P.)  Coronaire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'    Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'onart  Ar'tery  or  the  Stomach,  Arte'ria 
Corona'ria  Yentric'uli,  A.  Oas'trica  supe'rior, 
(P.)  Artlre  coronaire  stomachique,  A.  Stomogas- 
trioue  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  cauiac, 
which  passes  towards  the  superior  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curvature,  and 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  the  pyloric  branch 
of  the  hepatic.  This  artery  furnishes  branches 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus,  the  cardiac 
orifice,  the  great  cul-de-sac,  the  middle  part  of 
the  stomach,  the  lesser  omentum,  and  anasto- 
moses with  the  other  arteries  of  those  organs. 

Coronary  Ligament  of  the  liver  is  a  reflection 
of  the  peritoneum,  which  surrounds  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  liver.  The  same  term  is  likewise 
applied  to  ligaments  which  unite  the  radius  and 
ulna. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  Hea*t.  The  ante- 
rior and  posterior  coronary  plexuses  of  the  heart 
are  derived  from  the  anterior  and  posterior  car- 
diac plexuses.     See  Cardiac  Plexus. 

Coronary  Plexus  ot  the  Stomach.  This 
plexus  of  nerves  is  given  off  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  solar  plexus. 

Coronary  Sinus  or  the  Heart,  Sinus,  coro- 
nary, venous — c.  Sinus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  corona- 
riua. 

Coronary  Veih  or  the  Stomach,  Vena  Coro- 
na'ria yentric'uli,  accompanies  the  artery,  and 
terminates  in  the  vena  porta.  Sommering,  and 
some  other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  arteries 
of  the  stomach  Corona'ria  Stomach' ica. 

CORONCION,  Coreoncion. 

ftORO'NE,  from  Kooavrj,  'a  crow.'  The  coro- 
noid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

COR'ONOID,  Coronoi'dcs,  from  koowvji,  'a 
'crow/  and  aios,  'shape/  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  This  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  ramus  of  the  os 
maxillare  inferius,  and  affording  attachment  to 
the  temporal  muscle :  the  other,  called,  also, 
sharp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa,  and 
forming  a  part  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow- joint. 

CORONOPODIUM,  Plantago  coronopus. 

CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  coronopus  — c.  De- 
pressus,  Cochlearia  coronopus — c.  Ruellii,  Coch- 
learia coronopus — o.  Vulgaris,  Cochlearia  coro- 
nopus. 

COROTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORPORA  ALBICANTIA,  Mammillary  tu- 
bercles— c.  Arantii,  Noduli  Arantii,  Tubercula  A. 
— c  Bigemina,  Quadrigemina  corpora — c.  Candi- 
cantia,  Albicantia  corpora,  Mammillary  tubercles 
—  c.  Cavernosa,  Cavernous  bodies  —  c.  Fibrosa, 
Corps  Fibreux. 

Cob'pora  Fimbria'ta,  Tania  Hippocam'pi, 
fimbriated  or  fringed  bodies,  (F.)  Corps  Frangis, 
C.  Bordfs,  Bandelettes  des  Comes  d'Ammon,  Ban- 
delette  de  VHippocampe.  The  thin,  flattened,  and 
very  delicate  band,  situate  along  the  concave  edge 
of  the  cornu  ammonia,  which  is  a  continuation 
of  the  posterior  crura  of  the  fornix. 

Corpora  Gknicula'ta,  (F.)  Corps  Giniculis, 
C  ginouilUs.  Eminences  situate  at  the  lower 
and  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami.  Each  optic 
tract  commences  at  the  corp'us  genicula'tum  ex- 
tern'unu  The  corpus  genicula'tum  intern' um  is 
16 


merely  a  tubercle  inserted  into  the  bend  or  knee, 
formed  by  the  corpus  geniculatum  externum. 

Corpora  Globosa  Cervicis  Uteri,  Nabothl 
glandules— -o.  Lutea,  see  Corpus  luteum. 

Cor'pora  Malpighia'na,  Malpig'hian  Bodies, 
Ac"ini,  Corpuscles  or  Olomerules  of  Malpig'hi. 
Scattered  through  the  plexus  formed  by  the 
blood-vessels  and  uriniferous  tubes  in  the  kid- 
ney, a  number  of  small  dark  points  may  be  seen 
with  the  naked  eye,  which  received  their  name 
from  Malpighi,  their  describer.  Each  of  these, 
under  the  microscope,  is  found  to  consist  of  a 
convoluted  mass  of  blood-vessels,  which  consti- 
tutes the  true  glandule,  corpuscle  or  glomerule  of 
Malpighi.  It  was  at  one  time  supposed  that  the 
tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them ;  but  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use  is  not  posi- 
tively known,  but  as  they  have  been  traced  by 
Mr.  Bowman  into  the  commencement  of  the  uri- 
nary tubes,  in  which  they  lie  uncovered,  it  has 
been  supposed  that  their  office  may  be  to  sepa- 
rate the  watery  portions  of  the  blood  to  be  mixed 
with  the  proper  urinous  matter. 

Corpora  Mammillaria,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles— c.  Nervio-spongiosa  Penis,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa—c.  Nervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oliva'ria,  C.  ova'ta,  Eminen'tia  Oli- 
va'res  sou  ova' lee  latera'les,  Oli'va,  Prominen'Ha 
Semiova'les  Medulla  Oblonga'ta,  (Eminences  la- 
terales,  Ch.)  Oblong,  whitish  eminences,  situate 
at  the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
exterior  to  the  corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria — c.  Pisifor- 
mia,  Mammillary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Pyramida'lia,  Eminen'tia  pyrami- 
da'les  sen  media' n-a  inter'na,  Pyra'miaes,  (F.) 
Corps  pyramidaux,  Pyramides  anUrieures  (Gall), 
Eminences  pyramidales  (Ch.)  Two  small  medul- 
lary eminences,  placed  alongside  each  other,  at 
the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
between  the  corpora  olivaria.  These  bodies 
have  also  been  called  Corpora  Pyramidalia  an- 
ti'ca,  to  distinguish  them  from  the  C.  olivaria, 
which  have  been  called  Corpora  Pyramidalia 
later  a' lieu 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Porteriora,  Corpora 
restiformia — c.  Quadrigemina,  Q.  corpora. 

Corpora  Restifor'mia,  Crura  medulla  oblon- 
gata, Pedun'culi  medulla  oblonga'ta,  Corpora 
pyramidalia  posterio'ra,  Proces'sus  d  cerebell'o 
ad  medull'am  oblonga'tam,  Pos'terior  pyramids, 
Ped'uncles  of  the  medul'la  oblongata,  Inferior 
peduncles  of  the  cerebellum,  (F.)  Corps  resti- 
formes,  Cuisses  postirieures,  Pyramides  postf- 
rieures,  Racines,  Bras  ou  Jambes  du  cerveht,  P6- 
tites  branches  de  la  moSlle  allonge"*,  Pidoncules 
du  cervelet.  Two  medullary  projections,  oblong, 
and  of  a  whitish  appearance,  which  proceed  from 
each  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  contribute  to  the  formation  of  the 
cerebellum. 

Corpora  Stria'ta,  Grand  ganglion  supirieur 
du  cerveau  (Gall),  Couches  des  nerfs  ethmdidaux, 
Corps  canneUs,  Eminen'tia  Lenticula'res,  Collie'- 
uli  Nervi  Ethmolda'lis,  Ap'ices  Crurum  medul'la 
oblonga'ta,  Oan'glion  cer'ebri  ante'rius,  Anterior 
cerebral  ganglion,  (F.)  Corps  strife.  Pyriform 
eminences  of  a  slightly  brownish -gray  colour, 
which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles of  the  brain.  When  cut,  a  mixture  of  gray 
and  white  substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter- 
nately, to  which  they  owe  their  name.  The  tract 
of  fibres  that  ascends  from' the  anterior  pyramids 
passes  chiefly  into  them.  Willis  considered  that 
the  soul  resided  there. 

Corpora  Striata  Superha  Postbriora,  Tha 
lami  nervorum  opticoram— c.  Wolffiana,  see  Cor 
pus  Wolffianum. 


CORPS 


241 


I 
CORPUS 


CORPS,  Body— c.  Bordls,  Corpora  fimbriate 

e.  Calleux,  Corpus  callosum — c.  CanneU$,  Cor- 
pora striate — c.  Caverneux,  Corpora  cavernosa — 

e.  Cendri,  Corpus  dentatum — e.  Ciliaire,  Corpus 

dentatum —  c.   Denteli,    Corpus    dentatum —  c. 

Stranger,  Extraneous  body — c.  Festonnt,  Corpus 

dentatum. 
Corps  Fibreux,  Corpora  Fibro'sa.    Bayle  has 

given  this  name  to  adventitious  fibrous  produc- 
tions of  a  round  form,  more  or  less  adherent, 

and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle,  which  form  in 

certain  parte  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  sub. 

stance  of  the  uterus. 
Corps  Frasges,  Corpora  fimbriate— -c.  Oini- 

cules,  Corpora  geniculate  —  e.  OodronnS,  Fascia 

dentate— c.  ffyalolde,  Corpus  vitreum — c.  d'Hyg- 

more  ou  (VHigkmore,  Corpus  Highmori — c.  Jaune, 

Corpus  luteum — c,  Muqueux,  Corpus  mucosum — 

e.  Organises,  Organized  bodies — c.  Pampiniforme, 

Corpus  pampiniforme  —  e.  Pyramidaux,  Corpora 

pyramidalia — c.  Restiformes,  Corpora  restiformia 

— c.  Rhombdide,  Corpus  dentatum — e.  Striis,  Cor- 
pora striata--*.  Thyrolde,  Thyroid  gland— c.  Va- 

riciforme,  Epididymis — c.  Variqueux,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme, Epididymis — c.  Vitri,  Corpus  vitreum. 
CORP'ULENT,  Corpulen'tus,  Obe'sus,  Cram, 

Fat,  Fleshy.    Having  an  unusual  development 

of  fat  or  flesh  in  proportion  to  the  frame  of  the 

body. 

CORPULEN'TIA,    Corpulence,  from   corpus, 

'the  body/  and  lentus,  'thick/  is  synonymous 

with  Obesity  and  Polysarda. 
CoRPULEimA  Carxosa,  Torosites. 
CORPUS,  Soma,  A  Body.  Any  object  which 
-strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses.  Gases,  liquids, 
metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are  so  many  bodies. 
Natural  bodies  have  been  divided  into  animal, 
vegetable,  and  mineral;  or  into  inorganic,  includ- 
ing the  mineral  kingdom ;  and  organized,  includ- 
ing the  animal  and  vegetable.  The  chief  differ- 
ences between  organized  and  inorganic  bodies 
consists  in  the  former  having  an  origin  by  gene- 
ration, growth  by  nutrition,  and  termination  by 
Heath  :  the  latter  a  fortuitous  origin,  external 
growth,  and  a  termination  by  chemical  or  mecha- 
nical force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum,  C. 
Mucosum,  Ac.     See  Body. 

Corpus  Adexiformb,  Prostate — c.  Adenoides, 
Prostate — o.  Adiposum,  Pinguedo — c.  Alienum, 
Extraneous — c.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii. 

Corpus  Callo'sum,  Commissu'ra  Magna  eer1- 
*bri,  Trabs  Medulla1  r in  sou  Cer'ebri,  Trabec'ula 
feu  Cop'ula  magna  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Corps  CaUeux, 
Vo&te  midullaire,  Plafond  dee  ventricules  du  cer- 
veau,  Mesolobe  (Ch.)  A  white,  medullary  band, 
perceived  on  separating  the  two  hemispheres  of 
'the  brain,  which  it  connects  with  each  other. 
La  Peyronie  regarded  it  as  the  seat  of  the  soul. 
On  it  are  seen  longitudinal  and  transverse  fibres 
—  Stria  longitudina'les  Lands' ii,  and  Stria 
transversa  Willis'ii.  The  anterior  portion, 
which  bends  downwards,  is  termod  genu;  the 
posterior  flexure,  sple'nium.  The  fibres,  which 
*urve  backwards  into  the  posterior  lobes  from 
the  posterior  border  of  the  corpus  callosum,  have 
been  termed  Forceps ;  those  which  pass  directly 
outwards  into  the  middle  lobes  from  the  same 
point,  Tape1  turn;  and  those  which  curve  for- 
wards and  inwards  from  the  anterior  border  to 
the  anterior  lobes,  forceps  anterior. 

Corpus  Ciliare,  Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  dente- 
tam,  see  Ciliary — c.  Cine  ream,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c  Conoldes,  Pineal  gland  —  c.  Crystelloldes, 
Crystalline. 

Corpus  Denta'tuv,  C.  Denticula'tum,  C.  CM-  I  midale,  Corpus  pampiniforme— c.  Reticulare,  Cor- 
m're\  (F.)  Corps  dmteli,  Corps  festonnS.    A  cen- 1  pus  mucosum,  Corpus  Papillare— c  Rhomboid*!* 


tral,  oval  Bucleus,  of  cineritiou*  substance,  met 
with  in  the  eerebellum;  the  circumference  of 
which  exhibits  a  number  of  indentations,  sur- 
rounded by  medullary  substance. — Vicq  d'Azyr. 
It  is  seen  by  dividing  the  cerebellum  vertically 
into  two  equal  parts. — The  same  body  has  been 
called  Corps  cendri  ou  ciliaire  ou  rhombdide, 
Corpus  Cine'reum,  C.  Rkomboideum  seu  Rhom- 
boldali,  Ganglion  du  cervelet,  Noyau  central  des 
Pidoncules  du  cervelet,  Nucleus  aentatus  seu  fim- 
bria'tus  seu  centra' lis  seu  rhomboida'lis,  Substan- 
tia rhombdidea,  Qan'glion  cilia' re,  Gan'glion  ee- 
rebelli.  The  term  Corpus  denta'tum,  Nu'cleus 
oli'va,  is  also  given  to  the  ganglion  of  the  corpus 
olivare,  which,  like  that  of  the  cerebellum,  is  a 
yellowish-gray  dentated  capsule,  open  behind, 
and  containing  medullary  matter,  from  which  a 
fasciculus  of  fibres  proceeds  upwards  to  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  and  thalami  optic i. 

Corpus  Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum — c  Bis- 
coides,  Crystalline  —  c.  Externum,  Extraneous 
body — c.  Extraneum,  Extraneous  body — c.  Ge- 
nicuJatum,  see  Corpora  Geniculate — c.  Glandi- 
forme,  Prostate  —  c.  Glandosum,  Prostate  —  & 
Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Glaicdulo'sum  Mulie'ruh,  GlantVulm 
Pros'tata  mulie'rum.  A  vascular,  spongy  emi- 
nence, which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the  urethra, 
and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  Highvo'ri,  C.  Highmoria'num,  Medi- 
asti'num  testis,  Mea'tus  semina'rius,  (F.)  Corp* 
d'Hygmore  ou  iTHighmore,  Sinus  des  Vaisseauae 
sfminiflres,  (Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along 
the  superior  edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems 
formed  of  a  reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea, 
through  which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  semi- 
niferous vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epidi- 
dymis. 
Corpus  Incomprehensible,  Thymus. 
Corpus  Lu'teum,  (F.)  Corps  jaune.  A  small 
yellowish  body,  pereeived  in  the  ovarium,  and 
left  after  the  rupture  of  one  of  the  vesicles.  It 
was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an  evidence  of 
previous  impregnation ;  but  it  is  now  maintained 
that  Corpora  lutea  may  be  met  with  in  unques- 
tionable virgins ;  although  the  corpora  la  tea  of 
virgins  have  been  generally  regarded  to  differ 
materially,  in  size  and  character,  from  those  of 
impregnation,  which  have  been  called  true  cor- 
pora lutea,  in  contradistinction  to  the  other, 
which  have  been  called  false  corpora  lutea. 

Corpus  Muco'sum,  C.  reticvla're,  Rete  muco'- 
sum, Mucus  sen  Rett  seu  Stratxtm  Mafpig'hii,  Re- 
ticulum cuta'neum  seu  muco'sum,  Mesoderm' urn. 
Mucous  web,  (F.)  Corps  mugueux.  The  second 
layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so  called.  It  is  situ- 
ate between  the  cutis  vera  and  cuticle,  and  gives 
colour  to  the  body.  In  the  white  varieties  of  our 
species  it  is  colourless ;  in  the  negro,  black.  By 
some  anatomists  the  existence  of  such  a  layer, 
distinct  from  the  epidermis,  is  denied. 
Corpus  Okenbe,  Corpus  Wolflfianuin. 
Corpus  Pampinifor'mB,  C.  Varico'sum,  from 
pampinus,  *  a  tendril.'  Cor' pus  pyramida' /?,  He- 
dera'ceus  plexus,  Plexus  pampiniform' is,  Plexus 
vasculo'sus  funic'uli  spermatid  pampiniformis, 
(F.)  Corps  pampiniforme,  C.  Variqueux.  The 
plexus  or  retiform  arrangement  of  the  spermatio 
arteries  and  veins  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen, 
anterior  to  tho  psoas  muscle. 

Corpus  PapillarB,  Textus  Papilla'ris,  Cor- 
pus reticula'ri.  The  nervous  and  vascular  pa> 
pillae  situate  beneath  the  epidermis,  called  by 
Breschet  Neurothelic  apparatus. 

Corpus  Phacoides,  Crystalline — c.  Pituitare, 
Pituitary  gland  —  c.  Psalloides,  Lyra — c  Pyra- 


CORPUSCLES 


243 


CORRUPTION 


Corpus  dentatam — o.  Rhomboideum,  Corpus  den- ' 
tatum — o.  Thymiamum,  Thymus— a  Thymicum, 
Xhjmus  —  c  Thyreoideum,  Thyroid  gland  —  o. 
Turbinatum,  Pineal  gland— c.  Variooaum,  Corpus 
pampiniformc,  Spermatio  chord  —  o.  Yarioosum 
testis,  Epididymis. 

Corpus  Spongio'sum  Urr'thrjb,  Substantia 
spongio'sa  u re' three.  This  substance  arises  before 
the  prostate  gland,  surrounds  the  urethra,  and 
forms  the  bulb.  It  then  proceeds  to  the  end  of 
the  corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates  in  the 
glans  penis,  which  it  forms.  Kobelt  describes, 
in  the  female,  as  the  analogue  to  the  corpus  spon- 
giosum of  the  male,  a  venous  plexus,  which,  as 
it  lies  between  the  glans  elitoridis,  and  the  part 
that  corresponds,  in  the  male,  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  he  terms  pars  interme'dxa. 

Corpus  Vit'reum,  Humor  V it  reus,  H.  Hya- 
loVdes  seu  hyal'inus,  Glacia'lis  humor,  Vitreous 
humor,  (F.)  Corps  vitri,  O.  hyaloid*,  Humeur 
hyalolde.  The  transparent  mass,  of  a  gelatinous 
consistence,  which  fills  the  eye,  behind  the  crys- 
talline. It  is  contained  in  cells,  formed  by  the 
tunica  hyaloidea. 

Corpus  WQi*Ln±'*vu,Corpu9  Ohen'sl,  Wolffian 
body.  At  a  very  early  period  of  foetal  formation, 
bodies  are  perceptible,  which  were  first  described 
by  Wolff,  as  existing  in  the  fowl,  and  in  the  mam- 
malia by  Oken.  According  to  Miiller,  they  dis- 
appear in  man  very  early,  so  that  but  slight  re- 
mains of  them  are  perceptible  after  the  9th  or 
10th  week  of  pregnancy.  They  cover  the  region 
of  the  kidneys  and  renal  capsules,  which  are 
formed  afterwards;  and  they  are  presumed  to 
be  the  organs  of  urinary  secretion  during  the  first 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood 
— e.  Bone,  see  Lacunas  of  Bone — o.  Caudate,  see 
Caudate  —  o.  Chyle,  see  Chyle. 

Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.  The  organizable 
nuclei  contained  in  fibrinous  fluids,  which  are 
the  origin  of  the  new  tissues  formed  from  such 
fluids 

Corpuscles,  Gangliok,  see  Neurine —  c. 
Glandiform,  Acinus — c.  Lymph,  see  Lymph — e. 
of  Malpighi,  Corpora  Malpighiana — c.  Mucous, 
lee  Mucus  —  c.  Osseous,  see  Lacunae  of  bone. 

Corpuscles,  Pacih'ian,  so  called  from  Filippo 
Pacini,  an  Italian  physician,  who,  it  is  generally 
conceived,  first  noticed  them  in  1830.  They  ap- 
pear, however,  to  have  been  depicted  in  1741  by 
Lehmann,  from  a  preparation  by  A.  Vater,  who 
called  them  Papilla  and  P.  nervea.  Hence,  it 
has  been  proposed  by  J.  C.  Strahl  (1848)  to  call 
them  Vaterian  corpuscle*  or  Corpuscle*  of  Vater 
(Vater'sche  Eorperchen.)  Small  bodies  con- 
nected with  the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  and 
sole.  They  have  also  been  found  sparingly  and 
inconstantly  in  nerves  at  the  wrist  and  elbow ; 
in  the  upper  arm,  fore-arm,  and  thigh,  and  inter- 
costal nerve,  the  sacral  plexus,  solar  plexus  and 
the  plexuses  adjacent  to  it  In  each  corpuscle 
there  is  the  termination  of  a  nervous  filament 
Their  uses  are  not  known. 

Corpuscles  op  Purkinje,  see  Canaliculus — c. 
Pus,  see  Pus— c.  Pyoid,  see  Pus— c.  Splenic,  see 
Spleen — c.  of  Vater,  C.  Pacinian — o.  White  granu- 
lated, see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCULA  ARANTII,  Tubercula  A.— 
c  Glandularum  similia  intestinorum,  Peyeri 
glandules — c  Globosa  cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi 
glandular  —  c.  Ossium,  see  Lacunae  of  bone. 

CORPUSCULUM  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid 
valves  —  c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

CORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

CORRE,  Coral,  from  «npw,  <  I  shave/  (?)  The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which  it  is  usual 
to  shave. — Gorraus. 


CORRECTIF,  Corrigent 

CORRECTION,  Correc'tio.  from  corrigers, 
(eon,  and  regere,  'to  rule  or  c«rder,')  'to  correct.' 
The  act  of  correcting  medicines ;  that  is,  of  dimi- 
nishing their  energy  or  obviating  unpleasant  ef- 
fects, by  mixing  them  with  substances  which 
mitigate  their  operation. 

CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens. 

CORRELATION,  see  Synergy. 

CORRIGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

COR'RIGENT,  Co^rigens,  Correcto'rius,  Cos- 
ti'gans,  Jn/rin'gens,  Emeu' dans:  same  etymon. 
(F.)  Correctif.  That  which  corrects.  A  corri- 
gent, in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  substance 
added  to  a  medicine  to  mollify  or  modify  its  ac- 
tion. In  the  following  formula,  the  aloes,  if  not 
corrected,  might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum 
Mentha  is  added  as  a  corrigent 

B     Aloes  3J 

Olei  Mentha  gtt  v 

Syrup  q.  s.  utfiant  Pilula  xvj 

C0RRIG"IA.  A  leathern  strap.  By  exten- 
sion, the  term  has  been  applied  to  the  tendons 
and  ligaments. 

CORROB'ORANT,  Corrob'orans,  Rob'orans, 
Musenla'ris,  Restau'rans,  Restorative,  Bracing. 
from  corroborare,  (eon,  and  robur,  'strength,') 
'to  strengthen.'  (F.)  Corroborant,  Corroboratif, 
Fortijiant.  Any  sub&tance  which  strengthens 
and  gives  tone.  Wine,  for  example,  is  a  corrobo- 
rant    See  Tonic. 

CORROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

CORROBORATIF,  Corroborant 

CORRODANT,  Corrosive. 

CORRODENS,  Corrosive. 

CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

CORRO'SION,  Corro'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Anabr*- 
sis,  Ero'sio,  from  eon,  and  rodere,  rosum,  'to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
stances. 

CORRO'SIVE,  Corro'dens,  Diabrot'icus,  Cor- 
rosi'vus,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Corrosif,  Corrodant. 
Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when  placed  in 
contact  with  living  parts,  gradually  disorganise 
them.  Caustie  alkalies,  Mineral  acids,  Corrosive 
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They  act  either  di- 
rectly, by  chemically  destroying  the  part, — or 
indirectly,  by  causing  inflammation  and  gangrene. 

Corrosive  Poison,  see  Poison. 

CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation  —  c.  Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 

CORRUGA'TION,  Corruga'tio,  Syna'rema, 
from  eon,  and  ruga,  'a  wrinkle/  Wrinkling, 
Frowning,  (F.)  Froneement;  the  contraction  of 
the  Corrugato'res  Supercil'ii  muscles.  Corruga- 
tion of  the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application 
of  styptic  medicines :  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

Corruga'tor  Supercil'ii,  from  corrvgare,  '  to 
wrinkle;'  same  etymon.  Mus' cuius  supercil'ii, 
Supercilia'r  is,  Mus' cuius  frontalis  verus  seu  Cor- 
ruga'tor Coite'rii,  (F.)  Cutanio-sourcilier,  Muscle 
Sourcilier  ou  Sureilier,  M.  Fronto-Sourcilier.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows.  It  is  attached, 
by  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  superciliary  ridge, 
and  is  confounded,  externally,  with  the  ocoipito  - 
frontalis  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It  carries 
the  eyebrow  inwards,  and  wrinkles  the  skin  of 
the  forehead. 

CORRUPTION,  Corrup'tio,  Phthora,  Diaph'- 
th&ra,  from  eorrumpere,  corruptum,  (eon,  and 
rumpere,  'to  break,)  'to  destroy/  Act  of  cor- 
rupting. State  of  being  corrupted.  Reaction  of 
the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other.  It  is 
probable  that  something  like  corruption  may  take 
place  even  in  the  living  body. 


CORSE 


244 


COSMETICS 


CORSE,  Com. 

CORSET,  from  (F.)  corpt,  'the  body/  Ste- 
ikodtem'ium,  Stethodetm'U,  Suthodesm'us,  Tu'nica 
Thora'cit,  Thorax,  Pectora'U.  An  article  of 
dress,  which  closely  embraces  the  trunk,  and  is 
much  used  by  females  in  civilized  countries. 
When  corsets  or  stays  are  worn  very  tight,  many 
serious  evils  result  from  the  unnatural  compression. 

Different  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk,  are 
likewise  so  called. 

COJi SET  BE  BRASDOR.  The  name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  to  keep  in  ritu 
the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 

CORTALON,  Senecio. 

CORTEX,   Phloioe,  Phloot,   Phlotu,  Lemma, 

Bark,  (F.)  JBcorce.    This  word  has  often  been 

'  applied  exclusively  to  Cinchona:  thus,  we  say 

Bark — the  cortest  or  bark  gar  s%oxnv.    It  means, 

also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  ADRTRnre"EHS  Brabilikn'sis.  An  as- 
tringent bark  introduced  from  Brazil  into  Ger- 
many in  the  year  1828.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  Mimosa  cochleacarpa  seu  virgina'lie.  It 
has  been  used  with  advantage  in  all  cases  in 
which  astringent  barks  in  general  are  indicated. 
Dose  of  the  powder  Qj  to  gss. 

Cortex  Alcovoco,  Alcomoque —  o.  Anisl  stel- 
lati,  see  Illicium  anisatum  —  c.  Antiscorbuticus, 
Canella  alba — c  Aromatieus,  Canella  alba  —  e. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium — c.  Canellse  Ma- 
labaricffl,  Lauras  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del  Lugo, 
Cinchona— c  Caryophyllatus,  see  Myrtus  caryo- 
phyllata — c  Caryophylloides,  Lauras  oulilawan. 

Cortex  Cer'ebri.  The  Cortical,  Ginerit"iou», 
Vetic'  ular  or  Gray  tubttance  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  portion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum j  so  called  because  it  forms 
a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance.  Gall 
considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the  nerves ; 
and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  matrice  dee  Ner/t. 

The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  the  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is  of 
a  deeper  colour  than  the  inner  part  of  the  organ, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it 

Cortex  Chacarillje,  Croton  Cascarilla  —  c. 
China),  Cinchona — o.  China?  regius,  Cinchona — 
o.  Crassior,  Lauras  cassia— c.  Culilaban,  see  Lau- 
ras Culilawan— c.  Culilawan,  Lauras  Culilawan — 
c.  Eleutherise,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  Flavus,  Cin- 
ohonss  cordifoliro  cortex — o.  Lavola,  see  Illicium 
anisatum — c.  Magellanious,  seoWinteraaromatica. 

Cortex  Ovi,  Cortical  membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is  usually 
regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and  designated 
Decid'ua  refiex'a.  They  consider  it  to  surround 
the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the  uterus,  and 
to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It  is  absorbed 
during  the  first  months  of  utero-gestation,  so  as 
to  expose  the  next  membrane  to  the  contact  of 
the  deoidua,  with  which  a  connexion  takes  place 
at  the  part  where  the  placenta  is  to  be  formed. 
In  that  part,  Boer  and  Granville  consider,  that 
the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never  altogether  obliterated, 
but  only  made  thinner,  and  in  process  of  time  is 
converted  into  a  mere  pellicle  or  envelope,  which 
not  only  serves  to  divide  the  filiform  vessels  of 
the  chorion  into  groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order 
to  form  the  placenta,  but  also  covers  those  coty- 
ledons. This  Dr.  Granville  calls  membra' na  pro'- 
pria.    See  Decidua  mem  bran  a. 

Cortex  Pallidub,  Cinchona*  lancifolias  cortex 
•  -c.  Patrum,  Cinchona — c.  Peruvianas,  Cinchona 
i.  Profluvii,  Nerium  antidysentericum — o.  Ruber, 
Cinchona  oblongifolisa  cortex  —  c.  Striata  den- 
tium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  c.  Thuris,  Croton 
cascarilla —  o.  Winteranus,  see  Wintera  aromati- 
tiun— c.  Winteranus  spurius,  Canella  alba. 


COR'TICAL,  Cortica'lit;  from  cortex,  'bark.0 
Belonging  to  bark. 

Cortical  Matter  of  the  Brain,  Cortex  Cere- 
bri— c.  Membrane,  Cortex  Ovi — c.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  o.  Substance  of  the 
Teeth,  see  Tooth. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Heuchera  cortusa. 

CORU.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 
root  furnishes  *«nilky  juice,  which  is  employed 
in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  also  called 
Coru  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrape. 

CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM,  Inula  hele- 
nium. 

CORYBAN'TIASM,  Corybantiat'mv*,  Cory, 
banti&'mut,  from  Kopvflac,  one  of  the  Corybantes. 
A  name  formerly  given  to  a  kind  of  phrensy,  in 
which  the  sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  vi- 
sions, and  perpetual  want  of  sleep. 

CORYDALIS  BULBOSA,  Fumaria  bulbosa— 
c  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa— c.  Tuberosa,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

COR'YLUS  AVELLA'NA,  Bundurh,  Cor'ylut, 
Avella'na,  The  Hazel-nut  Tree,  (F.)  Coudrier, 
tfoitetier;  Family,  Amentacess ;  Sex.  Sytt.  Mo- 
ncecia  Polyandria.  The  nut, — Filbert,  (F.)  Ade- 
line ;  Hazel-nut,  (F.)  Noitette, —  of  this  tree,  is 
much  eaten  in  many  countries.  Like  all  nuts,  it 
is  by  no  means  easy  of  digestion.  It  is  the  Nux 
avella'na,  koqvov  Ilwvnjcov,  of  the  ancients. 

Cor'tlcs  Rostra'ta,  Beaked  Hazel.  An  in- 
digenous shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  Amentacese ;  Sub-or- 
der, Cupuliferoo :  Sex.  Sytt.  Monoocia  Polyandria  j 
the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  coriaceous 
and  scaly  involucre,  terminating  in  a  tube  co- 
vered with  short  and  thick  bristles.  These  bristles 
have  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses  as  mucuna. 

CORYMBETRA,  Hedera  helix. 

CORYNE,  Penis. 

CORYPHE,  Acme,  Vertex  —  c.  Cordis,  see 
Mucro. 

CORY'ZA,  Grave' do,  Rhini'tit,  Catatiag'mo^ 
Oatattalag'mot,  Stillicid'ium  Na'rium,  Phlegma* 
torrhag"ia,  Blennorrhce'a  nasa'lis,Blci\norrhin'  ia, 
Det'tillatio,  Catar'rhvt  ad  Naree,  C.  nata'lie, 
Rhinocatar'rhut,  Angi'na  nasa'lis:  vulgarly,  'run- 
ning at  the  note,'  '  a  cold  in  the  head  :*  in  French, 
Rhume  de  ccrvcau,  Cattirrhe  nasal,  Enchifrene* 
ment;  in  Old  English,  Pose  or  Mur;  whence 
Murren  and  Murrain;  from  Kopvs,  or  tapa,  'the 
head/  and  $tu,  (I  boil.'  Inflammation,  attended 
with  increased  discharge,  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane  lining  the  nose,  and  the  sinuses  com- 
municating with  it.  The  affection  generally  sub- 
sides without  any  medical  treatment 

Chronic  Coryza  is  termed,  also,  Ous'na  be 
nig'na. 

Coryza  Emtokica,  Ozsena — c.  Maligna,  Osena 
— c.  Ozstnosa,  Ozacna — c.  Purulenta,  Osama — c 
Scarlatinosa,  Rhinocace— c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozmna— c 
Viralenta,  Ozeena. 
COSCINISMUS,  Cribration. 

COSCINOI,  see  Cribration. 

COSMESIS,  Cosmetics. 

COSMET'ICS,  Art  cotmefica,  Colli pit1 trio* 
Cosine' sit,  (  F.  )  Cotmitique,  from  Kocpuv,  '  to 
adorn/  'to  embellish.'  The  art  of  improving 
the  beauty.  Cosmetic,  Stilbo'ma,  is,  also,  used 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose; as  the  compounds  into  which  enter  the 
oxides  of  lead,  bismuth,  mercury,  arsenic,  Ac 
All  these,  however,  injure  the  skin,  and  often 
give  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  affections.  Fre- 
quent ablution  with  cold  water  and  bathing  are 
the  best  cosmetics.  Essences,  soaps,  and  all  the 
preparations  intended  for  the  toilet,  fall,  al*o» 
under  this  head. 


COSMiTIQUB 


S45 


COTYLEDON 


C08MJSTIQUE,  Cosmetic*. 
COSMETOL'OGY,  Co*metolog"ia,  from  xoofttiv, 
'to  adorn;'  and  Aoyo;,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise 
on  the  dress,  and  cleanliness  of  the  body. 

COSMOS,  from  «oop<x, '  the  world/  '  order/  Ac. 
The  order  which  was  supposed  to  preside  oyer 
critical  days.  Hippocrates  and  others  have  termed 
**rpot,  'bracelets/  employed,  not  only  as  orna- 
ments (xocftuv,  'to  adorn/)  but  as  therapeutical 
agents. 

COSSA,  Haunch. 

COSS  UM.  A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose,  often 
of  a  syphilitic  character. — Paracelsus. 

COSSUS,  Co**is.  A  sort  of  white,  short,  thick 
worm  or  larve,  found  in  trees,  logs  of  wood,  Ac, 
and  used  by  the  Romans  as  a  great  article  of 
goUrmandise.  They  were,  also,  applied  to  ulcers.— 
Pliny.  The  term  has,  likewise,  been  given  to 
small  vermiform  pimples  on  the  face  —  Acne  — 
which  arise  from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

COSTA,  Pleura,  Pleurum,  PUurx/ma.  A  Bib, 
from  cuttodire,  'to  guard/  'defend:'  (F.)  C6U. 
The  ribs  are  24  in  number; — 12  on  each  side. 
They  are  irregular,  long,  bony  curves :  slightly 
flattened,  and  situate  obliquely  at  the  sides  of  the 
chest  The  intervals  between  them  are  called 
Intercostal  space*,  (F.)  JZspace*  intercoataux,  and 
they  are  numbered  first,  second,  third,  Ac,  reckon- 
ing from  above  to  below.  They  have  been  dis- 
tinguished into  Coetct  vera,  Pleurapoph'yse*  of 
Owen,  True  rib*,  (F.)  Vraies  C6te*,  Cdtes  eternalc*, 
C6te*  vertibro-ttemale*  (Ch.,)  and  into  Costa  *pu'- 
rice,  Mendo'sat  Co*Ub,  Notha  Costa,  False  ribs, 
C6tee  asternales  (Ch.,),  Fame*  C6tes.  The  true 
or  *temal  ribs,  as  they  have  also  been  called,  are 
the  first  7 ;  which  are  articulated  at  one  extremity 
to  the  spine,  and  at  the  other,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages,  hamapophyte*  of  Owen,  to  the  ster- 
num. The  false  ribs  are  the  remaining  6 :  the 
uppermost  three  being  united,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages,  to  the  cartilage  of  the  last  true  rib. 
The  others  are  free  at  their  external  extremity, 
and,  hence,  have  been  called  Floating  rib*,  Cdtes 
flottantes.  The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib 
is  slightly  expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of  the 
rib — Capit'ulum  Costa:  the  space  between  this 
and  the  tubercle  is  the  collwn  or  neck.  Anterior 
to  the  tubercle  is  the  angle.  The  angle  is  the  part 
where  the  bone  bends  to  form  the  lateral  part  of 
the  thorax. 

COSTiB  CAPITULUM,  see  Costa— c  Men- 
dosse,  see  Costa — c  Spuria?,  see  Costa— c.  Versa, 
see  Costa. 

COSTAL,  Coata'li*,  from  coeta,  'a  rib/  Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  a  rib — as  '  coetal  cartilage.' 

COSTIVE,  Constipated. 

COSTIVENESS,  Constipation. 

COSTMARY,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

C08T0- ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus  externus  ab- 
dominis— c.  Ba*i-*capulaire,  Serratus  magnus — 
c  Clavieulaire,  Subclavian  muscle 

COSTOCLAVICULAR,  Coeto-Clavieula'ru. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 

Costo-Clavic'ular  Lig'akent,  Cleidocoetal 
Ligament,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  which  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  olavicle. 

COSTO-COBACOlDlEN,  Pectoralis  minor 
— <?.  Scapulaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

COSTO-STERNAL,  Cotto-Sterna'li*.  Relating 
to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation  of  the 
sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  first 
seven  ribs. ' 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.  Relating  to  the 
ribs  and  to  the  traehelian  or  transverse  processes 
of  the  neck.    Under  the  name  Costo-trache'lian, 


Chaussier  designates  the  anterior  and  posterior 
ecalenu 

COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.  Relating  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes. — Bichat 
gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  tubero- 
sities of  the  ribs  with  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  spine. 

COSTO-VER'TEBRAL,  Costo-vertebra'lie. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebrae. — Bichat  gave 
this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head  of  the 
ribs  with  the  vertebra,  and  to  the  ligaments  con- 
nected with  it 

COSTO-XIPHOID,  Co*to-onphoVdeu:  The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage  of 
the  seventh  rib  to  the  xiphoid  or  ensiform  carti- 
lage. 

COSTUS.  The  ancients  seem  to  have  given 
this  name  to  several  plants.  One  has  borne  the 
appellation,  since  the  time  of  Diosoorides, — the 
Cottu*  Arab'icus,  Costu*  In'dicue,  C.  speexo'sus  sen 
ama'rue,  dulei;  orientafli»,  Amo'mum  hirsu'tum, 
Helle'nia  grandifio'ra,  BanVtia  epecio'ea,  Tsia'na, 
(F.)  Canne  Congo,  Canne  de  Riviere:  Family, 
Amome»,  Sex.  Syst.  Monandria  Monogynia ;  the 
root  of  which  is  aromatic,  and  has  been  considered 
tonic,  carminative,  diuretic  emmenagogue,  Ac. 
The  virtues  of  the  ancient  costus  are  highly  ex- 
tolled.— Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

Costus  Amarus,  Ac,  Costus— c  Arabicus,  Cos- 
tus—  o.  Cortioosus,  Canella  alba — c  Hortorum, 
Tanacetum  balsamita— c.  Hortorum  minor,  Achil- 
lea ageratum — c  Indicus,  Costus — c.  Nigra,  Cy- 
nara  scolymus — o.  Speciosus,  Costus. 

COSTYLE,  Cotyle. 

COTA,  Anthemis  cotula. 

COTARO'NIUM;  an  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent :  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 

C6TE,  Costa. 

CdTES,  00  L  DE8,  Collum  costarum— «.  A*. 
ternale*,  see  Costa — c.  Faiuses,  see  Costa — c.  Flot- 
tantes,  see  Costa — c.  S females,  see  Costa — e.  Ver- 
tibrotternale*,  see  Costa — c.  Yraies,  see  Costa. 

COTIONAC,  (pron.  cotinniac.)  A  kind  of  con- 
serve or  preserve,  prepared  from  quinces  not  en- 
tirely ripe,  and  sugar.  It  is  esteemed  stomachic 
and  astringent. 

CO  TON,  Gossypium. 

COTONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COTTON,  Gossypium. 

COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula— c  Foetida,  An- 
themis cotula. 

Cotula  Multi»'ida.  A  South  African  plant, 
which  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  in  rheumatism, 
scalds  and  cutaneous  diseases. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF,  Liq'uor  Cotnn'- 
nii,  L.  of  Cotug'no,  Aquula  acut'tica,  Aqua  audi-, 
to'ria,  Perilymph,  (F.)  Lymphe  de  Cotugno.  A 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills  all 
the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  which  Co- 
tugno made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua  La- 
byrinth'i. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

COTTLE,  Cot'yla,  Cotyle'don,  Cos'tyli;  the 
same  as  Acetabulum*  A  hollow  cavity  in  a  bone, 
which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone :  parti- 
cularly '  the  cotyloid  cavity.'  KorvXn  signified  a 
drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing  hollow,  as 
the  hollow  of  the  hand. — Athenseus. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle— c  Marina,  Umbilicus 
marinus. 

Cotyle'don  Orbicula'ta.  A  plant  of  South 
Africa,  Nat.  Ord.  Crassulaoese.  The  fresh  juice 
is  used  in  epilepsy ;  and  Dr.  Pappe  speaks  well  of 
it.  The  leaves  form  a  good  aoplicatiou  to  hard 
corns.  Crass' ula  arborescent  has  the  fame  pro- 
perties. 


COTYLOID 


246 


COURGE 


CorrLE'DOH  Umbili'cus,  0.  U.  Venefris,  Navel- 
wort,  Venus* s  Navelwort,  (F.)  Nombril  de  Vinus. 
A  plant  of  the  Family,  Crassulaceas,  which  grows 
in  Europe  on  old  walls  and  rooks.  The  leaves 
are  emollient  and  applied  externally  to  piles, 
inflamed  parts,  Ac.  Internally,  the  juice  has  been 
given  in  epilepsy.  The  flowers  have  been  used 
in  calculous  cases,  and  in  dropsy. 

Cotylb'dons,  {KOTvhituv,  *  the  hollow  of  a  cup,') 
Acetab'ula  uteri'na.  The  lobes  which,  by  their 
union,  form  the  placenta. 

COT'YLOID,  CotyloVdes,  CotyloVdeus,  OotyW- 
des,  from  Korvln,  'a  drinking  cup/  and  ciies,  'form/ 
Resembling  the  ancient  kotv>jj.  The  name  of 
a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in  the  os  innomi- 
natum,  which  receives  the  head  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  ; — Fossa  cotyloldea,  Sinus  Coxa,  Acetabulum, 
Pyxis. 

Cotyloid  Lig'aitbht,  Ligamen'tum  Cotyloi- 
deum,  (F.)  Ligament  cotylaidien,  is  a  very  thick, 
fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

COU,  Collum  —  c.  du  Pied,  Instep — e.  Grot, 
Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE,  Couches,  (F.),  from  cot*c&«r,  'to  lie 
down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  parturition, 
accouchement  or  delivery  (puerpe'rium,  parturi"- 
tio;)  hence,  une  couche  heureuse,  'a  happy  deli- 
very;' unefattsse  couche,  'a  premature  delivery:' 
and,  2.  For  the  time  during  which  a  female  re- 
mains in  bed  on  account  of  delivery, —  Tempue 
euerpe'rii,  the  child-bed  state.  The  Lochia  have 
sen  termed  Suttee  de  couches.  Couche  also  means 
a  layer,  bed  or  thalamus,  as, 

Couchb  Cellulettsb,  Membrana  granulosa. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHES  DES  NERFS  ETHMOlDAUX, 
Corpora  striata — c.  dee  Nerfe  oculairee,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  dee  Nerfe  optiquee,  Tha- 
lami nervorum  opticorum — c.  Optiquee,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract 

COUCINEA  COCCINEA,  Caooucia  coccinea. 

COUDE,  Elbow. 

COUDE-PIED,  Instep. 

COUD&E,  Cubitus. 

COU  DRIER,  Corylus  avellana, 

COUENNE,{Y.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered  with 
rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very  unlike 
the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  malformation,  occurring 
during  intra-uterine  existence,  and  remaining  for 
life.     See  also,  Nsevus,  and  Corium  phlogisticum. 

COUENNE  INFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum  —  c.  Pleuritique,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUGH,  Tussis  —  c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal-—  c 
Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

Cough,  Tubal,  Bron'chial  cough,  Tueeie  bron'- 
ehiea,  (F.)  Toux  tubaire,  T.  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  succession  communicated 
by  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very  energetic, 
and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by  the  ear  as  if  a 
column  of  air  was  traversing  with  much  noise, 
strength,  and  rapidity,  tubes  with  solid  walls. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COUGHING,  Tussis. 

COULER,  To  strain. 

COULEUVRE  Coluber  berus. 

OOULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba. 

COULISSE,  (F.)  'A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Ana- 
tomists designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep  groove 
or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon  plays; — 
ftaoh  as  the  Coulieee  Bicipitale  or  Bicipital  Groove 
Of  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  groove— 


e.  Humtrale,  Bicipital  groove. 
COULOIR,  Colatorium. 
COUM,  Colchicum  autumnale. 
COUN'TENANCE,  VuUus,  Voltue,  Visage,  (F.) 
Figure,  Vieage:  from  cum,  'with,'  and  teneo,  «I 
hold.'    The  form  of  the  face.    The  system  of  the 
features. 

COUNTER-EXTEN'SION,  Contra -exten'eio, 
Antit'aeie,  (F.)  Contre-exteneion,  from  contra-ex- 
tendere,  '  to  extend  in  a  contrary  direction.'  It 
consists  in  retaining  firmly  and  immovably  the 
upper  part  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  is  practised 
on  the  lower,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation. 

COUNTER-INDICA'TION,Confra-iWica'*io, 
Antendeixfis,  Antendix'xs,  Antideixis.  An  indi- 
cation contrary  to  another.  (F.)  Contre-indica- 
tion.  Any  circumstance,  which  acts  as  an  obstacle 
to  the  employment  of  such  therapeutical  means  as 
seem  to  be  indicated  by  other  circumstances. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita- 
tion— c.  Granville's,  (Lotion,)  Granville's  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

COUNTER-IRRITA'TION,  Contra-irrita'tio 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  part  of  the  body,  with 
the  view  of  relieving  one  existing  in  another  part. 
The  remedies  used  for  this  purpose  are  called 
Counter-irritante,  and  form  a  most  valuable  class 
of  remedial  agents.     See  Derivation. 

COUNTERSTROKE,  Contrafissura. 

COUNTING,  METHOD  OF,  Method,  numeri- 
cal. 

COUP,  Blow— -c.  de  Feu,  Wound,  gunshot 

COUP  BE  MAiTRE  on  TOUR  DE  MAt- 
TRE,  (F.)  A  masterly  stroke  or  performance. 
Applied  to  a  mode  of  introducing  the  Bound  or 
catheter  into  the  bladder,  which  consists  in  first 
passing  it  with  its  convexity  towards  the  abdomen 
of  the  patient,  and  giving  it  a  half  turn  towards 
the  right  groin,  when  its  extremity  has  reached 
the  root  of  the  penis  under  the  symphysis  pubis. 
There  is  no  advantage  in  this  mode  of  introduction. 

COUP  DE  SANG,  (F.)  A  common  term,  used 
by  some  physicians  in  France,  to  designate  the 
loss  of  sensation  and  motion,  which  results  from 
hemorrhage  in  the  brain,  or  from  simple  conges- 
tion in  the  vessels  of  that  organ.  See  Apoplexy. 
Some  authors  have  comprehended,  under  the  same 
denomination,  different  hemorrhages,  which  occur 
in  the  areolar  texture  of  the  face,  lungs,  skin,  Ac, 

COUP  DE  SOLE1L,  (F.)  Siri'aeie,  Sciri'asis, 
Siriaeie  ASgyptiaca,  Ictus  eolie,  Ictus  sola'ris,  In- 
sola'tio,  Encephali'tis  insolatio'nis,  Phreni'tis  ca- 
lentu'ra,  Stroke  of  the  sun,  ^Egyptian  Starstrobt 
or  Sunstroke.  Any  affection  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  sun  on  some  region  of  the  body ; — head, 
hands,  arms,  Ac  A  very  common  effect  of  ex- 
posing the  naked  head  to  the  sun  is  inflammation 
of  the  brain  or  its  meninges,  which  Sauvages  calls 
Cams  ab  Insolatio'nl,  Morbus  sols titia' lis. 

COUPE-BRIDE,  Kiotome. 

COUPEROSE,  Gutte  rosea. 

COUPURE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised.) 

CO  UR ANTE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURAP.  A  distemper,  very  common  in  In- 
dia, in  which  there  is  a  perpetual  itching  of  the 
surface,  and  eruption.  It  is  of  an  herpetic  cha- 
racter, and  appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla,  groins, 
breast,  and  face. 

COURBARIL,  see  Anime. 

COURBATURE,  (F.)  Acer'ba  lassitu'do,  Fio- 
lent  lassitude,  Fatigue.  An  indisposition,  charac- 
terized by  a  sensation,  as  if  the  limbs  were  bruised; 
general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme  lassitude; 
and,  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  appears  imme- 
diately after  severe  exercise,  but  sometimes  not 
till  the  next  day.    Rest  removes  it 

COURBURE,  Curvature. 

COURGE,  Cucurbita  pepo. 


COUBMI 


ur 


CRAB 


COTJRMI  or  CURMI,  xevput,  inept  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from  barley.  A  kind  of  ale 
or  beer. — Dioscorides.  I 

COURO-MOELLI.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark 
of  which  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COURON'DI,  Couron'do.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery. — Ray. 

COURONNE  CILIAIRE,  Godronni  canal  — 
e.  du  Dent,  Crown  of  a  tootfc— c,  du  Gland,  Crown 
of  the  glans — c.  du  Trypan,  Crown  of  the  trepan 
— e.  «?«  Vinue,  Crown  of  Venus. 

CO  UR  ONNE  RA  TONNANTE  (F.)  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  crura  cerebri  in  the  brain. 

COURONNEMENT (F.),  Coro'na.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the  cir- 
cular ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around  the 
head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  accouche- 
ment : — the  head  seeming  to  be  surrounded,  as  it 
were,  by  a  crown.  The  head  is  then  said  to  be 
au  couronnement. 

OOURS  DE  VENTRE,  Diarrhcea. 

COURSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

COURT E  HALEINE,  Dyspnoea. 

COUSIN,  Culex. 

COUSSINET,  Pad. 

COUTEAU,  Knife  — c.  &  Amputation,  Knife, 
amputation — c.  d  Cataracte,  Knife,  cataract — c. 
Courbe,  Knife,  crooked  —  c.  d  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — c.  Disarticulateur,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Droit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu,  CuUel- 
laire  —  c.  Interosseux,  Knife,  double-edged  —  c. 
Denticulaire,  Knife,  lenticular  —  c.  Lithotome  — 
Knife,  lithotomy  —  c  en  Serpette,  Knife  en  »er- 
jtette — c.  Symphysien,  see  Symphyseotomy — c.  d 
Deux  trancham,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'acum  spica'tum, 
Pi'crium  spica'tum.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  antidys- 
peptic  . 

COUTURES  PAR  LA  PETITE  v£ROLE, 
aee  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

COUVERCLE,  see  Crucible. 

COUVREOHEF  (F.),  Cucul'lu*,  Fascia' tio 
cmcutta'ta,Scepa*terfium,Sccpas,trum.  A  bandage, 
applied  to  the  head  for  retaining  certain  dress- 
ings, Ac  in  situ.  The  French  surgeons  distin- 
guish two  kinds.  1.  The  Grand  Couvrechef  ou 
ServeUe  en  carrS  {Cucul'lu*  major,)  which  is 
formed  of  a  napkin  or  large  square  compress : 
and,  2.  The  Petit  Couvrechef  ou  Mouchoir  en  tri- 
angle (Cucul'lu*  minor,)  formed  of  a  napkin  or 
other  square  compress,  folded  from  one  angle  to 
the  other  diagonally  opposite  to  it 

COUVRECBEF,  see  Bandage,  Galen's. 

COVE,  CLIMATE  OF.  On  the  northern  side 
of  Cork  Harbour,  in  Ireland,  is  the  Island  of 
Core.  The  town  of  Cove  is  on  the  southern  ac- 
clivity of  a  hill  running  from  east  to  west  It  is, 
consequently,  sheltered  from  the  north  winds, 
and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  sun.  It  is  one 
of  the  mildest  climates  in  Great  Britain,  and  cor- 
responds in  its  influence  on  disease  with  the 
south-west  of  England.  It  is  well  adapted  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  Crata'va  Marmelo*.  The  bark  of 
this  tree  is  tonic :  the  unripe  fruit  is  astringent : 
but,  when  ripe,  1b  delicious. 

COWBANE,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

COWBERRY,  Yacoinium  vitis  idcea. 

COWHAGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWITCH,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum. 


COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Ac>ce**ory  glamU,  (F.) 
Glande*  acceesoires,  G.  de  Covper,  Prostate*  infi* 
rieure*  ou  Petite*  prostate*.  Two  small  ovoid 
groups  of  mucous,  reddish  follicles,  situate  behind 
the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  before  the  prostate,  the 
excretory  ducts  of  which  open  into  the  bulbous 
portion  of  the  urethra.  They  are  also  called 
Glan'dula  antepro*'tata,  and  G.  pros' tata  in/e- 
rio're*. 

Cowper's  Glajtds  nr  the  Female,  Gland*  of 
Duverney,  Gland*  of  Bartholinus,  Pros' tat  a  mu- 
lie'bri*  sen  Bartholi'ni,  are  situate  at  each  side 
of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina,  beneath  the  skin 
covering  the  posterior  or  inferior  part  of  the  labia. 
They  are  rounded,  but  elongated,  flat,  and  bean- 
shaped;  their  long  diameter  varying  from  flvo  to 
ten  lines ;  their  transverse,  from  two  and  a  half 
to  four  and  a  quarter ;  and  their  thickness  from 
two  and  a  quarter  to  three  lines.  Like  Cowper's 
glands  in  the  male,  they  are  not  invariably  pre- 
sent  The  secretion  from  them  is  a  thick,  tena- 
cious, grayish-white  fluid,  which  is  emitted  in 
great  quantity  during  sexual  intercourse ;  and  Is 
probably  the  fluid,  supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  fe- 
male sperm. 

COW  POX,  Vaccina— a  Inoculation,  Vaccina- 
tion—  c.  Itch,  see  Itch,  oowpox  —  c.  Vesicle,  boo 
Vaccination. 

COW  RAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Primula  veris— c  Jerusalem,  Pol- 
monaria.  .   - 

COWWEED,  Chserophyllum  sylvestre.        * 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COXJELUVIUM,  Bath,  hip. 

COXAGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

COXAL'GIA,  Merocoxal'gia,  Osphyal'gia,  0*- 
phyalge'ma.  A  word  of  hybrid  origin,  from  coxa, 
*  hip,'  and  a\yot, '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign 
of  rheumatic  or  other  inflammation — Coxi'tis,  or 
of  some  disease  about  the  hip-joint  See  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplitsea,  and  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXARTHRITIS,  Coxitis. 

COXA  RTH  ROC  ACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXA'RUM  MORBUS,  Ooxen'dicu*  sen  Coxa1- 
riu*  morbu*,  Arthroc'aci  coxa' rum,  Coxarthrocr~ 
ace,  0*phy arthroc'aci,  CoxaVgia  (of  some),  Hip 
disease.  A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  sponta- 
neous luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  oc- 
casioning permanent  shortening  of  the  limb,  and 
not  unfrequently  hectic  and  death. 

COXEN'DIX,  Haunch.  This  word  has  been 
used  synonymously  with  ischium;  and  anato- 
mists have  also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  0**a 
Coxen'dici*. 

COXI'TIS,  Coxarthri'ti*,  a  hybrid  term,  from 
Coxa, '  the  hip,'  and  iti*,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo-femora'lis.  Belong- 
ing to  the  ooxal  bone  or  ileum,  and  to  the  os  fe- 
moris.    Ilio-femoral  has  the  same  signification. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  Articula/tion,  Il'io-Femoral 
A.,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Hanche,  the  Hip  joint. 
The  head  of  the  femur  and  the  articular  cavity  are 
covered  by  a  diarthrodial  cartilage  and  synovial 
capsule;  and  by  a  very  strong  capsular  or  artic- 
ular ligament  attached  to  the  circumference  of 
the  cotyloid  cavity,  and  to  the  neck  of  the  femur. 
There  is,  also,  a  round  or  interarticular  ligament, 
passing  from  the  inferior  notch  of  the  cotyfoid 
cavity  to  the  rough  depression  at  the  top  of  the 
caput  femoris;  said  &  cotyloid  ligament,  —  a  sort 
of  thick,  cartilaginous  ring,  situate  on  the  edge 
of  the  cotyloid  cavity,  and  converting  the  infe- 
rior notch  into  a  foramen.  These  are  the  great 
means  of  union  in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As'tacu*  fluviat'ilis,  Cancer,  Gam'ma- 
rus,  Gam'barus,  Cam'marus,  (F.)  Crabbe,  Eere- 
visse,  Escrevice,    A  shell-fish  much  used  *?  an 


ORABB 


146 


CRANIOLOGY 


article  of  diet  Like  other  shell-fish  it  is  apt  to 
disagree,  and  excite  urticaria,  Ac 

CRABE,  Crabyaws. 

CRABLOUSE;  a  species  of  Pedic'ulue,  P. 
Pubis,  which  infests  the  pudendum  and  axilla. 
(F.)  Morpion.  It  is  easily  destroyed  by  the 
white  precipitate  of  mercury,  or  by  mercurial 
ointment 

CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chela — e.  Stones, 
Cancrorum  chelae. 

CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crahe.  A  name  in  the 
West  Indies  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut 

CR ACHAT,  Sputum. 

CRACHEMENT,  Excreation— c  de  Pu$,  Vo- 
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  Haemop- 
tysis. 

CRACBOTEMENT  (F.),  from  cracker,  'to 
spit'  The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 
of  saliva. 

CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER,  see  Oraque- 
mxent  de  cutr. 

CRACOW  GROATS,  Semolina. 

CRADLE,  Sax.  cpabel,  Ar*  cuius,  Solen,  (F.) 
Arceau  ou  Arehet.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  contact 
of  the  bed-clothes  in  wounds,  fractures,  Ac.  An 
ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying. 

CR,E'PALE,  from  xpauraXir,  Grap'ula,  'drunk- 
enness, surfeit'  A  derangement  of  the  functions 
of  the  brain,  Ac,  produced  by  wine  or  any  other 
fermented  liquor. — Galen. 

CRAIE,  Creta. 

CRAMA,  tteaue,  from  Ktpau,  '  I  mix/  A  mix- 
ture of  any  kind.    Dilute  wine. 

CRAM  BE,  Cabbage 

CRAM'BION,  from  *pop/?i7,  'cabbage.'  A  de- 
coction of  cabbage. — Hippocrates. 

CRAMP,  from  (G.)  krampfen,  'to  contract' 
Grampus,  Enta'sia  systrem'ma,  Tet'anus  dolorif- 
icus,  Myospas'mus,  Spasmus  muscula'ris,  MyaV- 
aia,  Rhegi,  Rhegma,  Rhegmus.  A  sudden,  invo- 
luntary, and  highly  painful  contraction  of  a 
muscle  or  muscles.  It  is  most  frequently  expe- 
rienced in  the  lower  extremities,  and  is  a  common 
symptom  of  certain  affections: — as  of  Colica  Pic- 
tonum  and  Cholera  Morbus.  Friction  and  com- 
pression of  the  limb,  by  means  of  a  ligature 
applied  round  it  above  the  muscles  affected,  will 
usually  remove  the  spasm. 

Champ,  Scriveners',  Cramp,  Writers'. 

Cramp  of  thb  Stomach,  (F.)  Orampc  de  VEs- 


tomac.  A  sudden,  violent,  and  most  painful  affec- 
tion of  the  stomach,  with  sense  of  constriction  in 
the  epigastrium.  It  seems  to  be  the  effect  of  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 
stomach,  and  requires  the  use  of  the  most  powerful 
stimulants  and  antispasmodics,  of  which  opium 
is  the  best 

Cramp,  Writers',  Graphospasm' us,  Mogi- 
graphia, (F.)  Crampe  dee  JEcrivains,  Scrit/enere* 
Cramp,  Stam'meringyf  the  Fingers.  A  condition 
of  the  fingers,  in  which  they  are  unable  to  hold 
the  pen,  or  in  which  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of 
the  fingers  are  irregularly  and  irresistibly  con- 
tracted. 

CRAMPE  DES&CRIVAINS,  Cramp,Writers». 

CRAMPE  DE  L'ESTOMAO,  Cramp  of  the 
stomach. 

CRAN  DE  BRETAONE,  Cochlear!*  armo- 
racia* 

CRANBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  — c. 
American,  Common,  see  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  — 
o.  Upland,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

CRANE,  Cranium  —  c.  Humain,  Cranium  hu- 
manum. 

CRAKE'S  BILL,  Geranium— o.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatum — c  Stinking,  Geranium  Ro- 
bertianum. 

CRANIOCELE,  Encephalocele. 

CRANIOH^MATONCUS,  Cepbaliematoma. 

CRANIOL'OGY,  Cranios'copy,  Craniolog'tia, 
Phrenol'ogy,  Cranioscop'ia,  C.  Gallia'na,  Ence- 
phaloscop'ia,  Doctri'na  Oallia'na.  Words,  intro- 
duced, since  Gall,  into  medical  language.  The 
first  twe  terms  are  respectively  derived  from 
Kpavtov,  'cranium/ \oyos,  'a  discourse/  and  skovuv, 
'to  examine.'  They  signify  a  description,  or 
simply  an  examination  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  external  surface  of  the  cranium,  in  order  to 
deduce  from  thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different 
intellectual,  and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly 
speaking,  it  is  by  Cranioscopy  that  we  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  Craniology,  Organology  or  Cran- 
ology,  as  it  has  been  variously  termed.  These 
words  are  generally,  however,  used  in  the  same 
sense.  The  cranium  being  moulded  to  the  brain, 
there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the  bone,  aa 
there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of  the  brain. 
According  to  Gall,  each  projection,  which  he  call* 
an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  particular  intellectual 
or  moral  faculty,  and  all  persons  endowed  with 
the  same  faculty,  have,  at  the  same  part  of  the 
brain,  a  prominence,  which  is  indicated,  exter- 
nally, by  a  bump  or  projection  in  the  bony  case. 
The  System  of  Gall  is  made  to  comprise  27  pro. 
minences,  which  answer  to  27  faculties.  The  fol- 
lowing Table  exhibits  these  supposed  organs,  and 
their  seat 


Cbrkbral  Organs  and  their  Seat,  according  to  Gall. 


1.  Instinct  of  generation,  of  reproduction  ;  ama- 
tiveness;  instinct  of  propagation ;  venereal 
instinct. 

{German.)  Zeugungstrieb,  Fortpflan- 
sungstrieb,  Geschlechtstrleb. 

2.  Love  of  progeny  ;  philoprogenitiveness. 
(0.)  Jungenliebe,  Einderliebe. 
S.  Attachment,  friendship. 

(G.)  Freundsohaftsinn. 
A.  Instinct  of  defending  self  and  property  /  love 
of  strife  and  combat;  combativeness ;  courage. 
(<?.)  Muth,  Raufsinn,  Zanksinn. 

5.  Carnivorous  instinct ;  inclination  to  murder  ; 

destructiveness  ;  cruelty. 
(0.)  Wurgsinn,  Mordsinn. 


Seated  in  the  cerebellum.  It  Is  manifested  at  the 
surface  of  the  cranium  by  two  round  protube- 
rances, one  on  each  side  of  the  nape  of  the 
neck. 

Indicated  at  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 

About  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
parietal  bone,  anterior  to  the  last 

Seated  a  little  above  the  ears,  in  front  of  the  last, 
and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 
bone. 

Greatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals;, 
forms  a  prominence  at  the  posterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  squamous  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  above  the  mastoid  process. 


ORANIOLOOT 


24# 


CKANIOLOGY 


6.  Cunning  ;  finesse ;  address;  secretiveness. 
(0.)  List,  Schlauheit,  Klugheit. 

T.  Desire  of  property;  provident  instinct;  cupi- 
dity; inclination  to  robbery  ;  acquisitiveness. 

(0.)  Eigenthumssinn,  Hang  su  stehl- 
en,  Einsammlungssinn,  Diebsinn. 

8.  Pride;  haughtiness;  love  of  authority ;  ele- 
vation. 

(0.)  Stole,  Hochmuth,  Hohensinn, 
Herrschsucht. 

9.  Vanity;  ambition;  love  of  glory. 
(G.)  Eitelkeit,  Buhmsucht,  Ehrgeis. 

10.  Circumspection ;  foresight. 
(G.)   Behutsamkeit,   Yorsioht,   Vor- 

sichtigheit. 

11.  Memory  of  things;  memory  of  facte;  sense 
of  things;  educability;  perfectibility;  docility. 

(G.)  Sached'aohtniss,  Ersiehungs- 
f'ahigkeit,  Saohsinn. 

12.  Sense  of  locality ;  sense  of  the  relation  of 
space;  memory  of  places. 

(<?.)  Ortsinn,  Raumsinn. 

13.  Memory  of  persons;  sense  of  persons. 
(O.)  Persosjensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  words;  sense  of  names  ;  verbal  me- 
mory. 

(0.)  Wordged'aohtniss,  Namensinn. 

15.  Sense  of  spoken  language ;  talent  of  philo- 
logy ;  study  of  languages. 

(0.)  Sprachforschungssinn,  Wort- 
sinn,  Sprachsinn. 

16.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  colour;  talent  of 
painting. 

(0.)  Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones;  musical  ta- 
lent 

(G.)  Ton  si n  n. 

18.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers;  mathema- 
tics. 

(O.)  Zahlensinn. 

19.  Sense  of  mechanics ;  sense  of  construction ; 
talent  of  architecture  ;  industry. 

(O.)  Kunstsinn,  Bausinn. 

20.  Comparative  sagacity. 
(G.)  Vergleiohender  Soharfsinn. 

21.  Metaphysical  penetration  ;  depth  of  mind. 
(O.)  Metaphysisoher  Tiefeinn. 

22.  Wit. 
(Q.)  Wits. 

23.  Poetical  talent. 
(O.)  Dichtergeist. 

24.  Goodness;  benevolence;  mildness;  compas- 
sion; sensibility;  moral  sense;  conscience; 
bonhommie. 

((?.)  Gutmttthigkeit,  Mitleiden,  mo- 
ralischer  Sinn,  Gewissen. 

25.  Imitation;  mimicry. 
(O.)  Naohahmungssinn. 

26.  God  and  religion;  theosophy. 
(&.)  Theosophisches  Binn. 

27.  Firmness;  constancy;  perseverance;  obsti- 

(0.)  Stetigkeit,  Festersinn.  | 

The  first  nineteen  of  these,  according  to  Gall, 
are  common  to  man  and  animals ;  the  remaining 
eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.  They  are,  con- 
sequently, the  attributes  of  humanity. 

Organs  according  to  Spurzheim. 
1.  Amativeness. —  2.  Philoprogenitiveness. — 
3.  Inh&bitiveness. — 4.  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment— 6.  Combattveness. — 6.  Destruotiveness.— 


Above  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  upon  tbe 
sphenoidal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to 
be  a  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics, 
with  which  it  contributes  to  widen  the  cranium, 
by  the  projection  which  they  form  at  the  aide 
of  the  frontal  bone. 

Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  at  the  extremity  of 
the  sagittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  bone. 

'  Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  posterior 
internal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protuberance. 


Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  two 
eyebrows,  and  a  little  above  them. 

'  Answers  to  the  frontal  sinus,  and  is  indicated  ex- 
ternally by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edge 
of  the  eyebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  and 
outside  of  the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
two  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on  the  frontal 
part  of  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make 
the  eye  prominent. 

Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preced- 
ing and  that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 

The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows,  encroaching  a 
little  on  the  forehead. 

A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last;  above 
the  outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 

On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  the 
relation  of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 

'  A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  base  of  tbt 
frontal  bone,  towards  the  temple,  and  behind 
the  organs  of  musio  and  numbers. 

At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontal 
bone,  above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 
"  In  part  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Indi- 
cated at  the  outer  side  of  the  last  by  a  protu- 
berance, which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar 
hemispherical  shape. 

At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;  and  giv- 
ing greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 

On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  tw* 
halves  by  the  coronal  suture. 

Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  the 
organ  of  comparative  sagacity;  almost  at  the 
frontal  suture. 

At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 

'  At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior 
angles  of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head ;  at  the  anterior  and  most 
elevated  part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

7.  Gonstructiveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness. — 9.  Se- 
crctiveness. — 10.  Self-esteem. — 11.  Love  of  Ap- 
probation.— 12.  Cautiousness. — 13.  Benevolence. 
— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 16.  Conscien- 
tiousness or  Justice. — 17.  Hope. — 18.  Marvel- 
lousness.— 19.  Wit— 20.  Ideality.— 21.  Imitation. 
—22.  Individuality.— 23.  Form.— 24.  Sixe.— 25. 
Weight  and  Resistance.— 26.  Colour.— 27.  Loca- 
lity.—28.  Numeration.— 29.  Order.— 80.  Event*- 


CRANIOMETRY 


2S0 


CRBASOTE 


ality.— 31.  Time.  — 32.  Melody  or  Tune.  —  33. 
Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35.  Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
guU  or  Phrenologists  is, — that  the  brain  does  not 
act  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of  a 
plurality  of  organs :  but,  were  we  able  to  admit 
this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different  facul- 
ties could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomet'ria  ;  from  rpa- 
ww,  '  the  cranium/  and  fitrpov, '  measure.'  Mea- 
surement of  the  skull. 

CRANIOPATHI'A;  from  tpaviov,  'the  cra- 
nium/ and  wades,  '  disease/  Disease  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniology. 

CRANIO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CRANIO'TABES ;  from  cranium,  'the  skull/ 
and  tabe$,  *  wasting.'  A  softening  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  and  a  consequent  thinness  of  those 
bones, — as  the  occiput,  (soft  occiput,) — which  are 
much  exposed  to  pressure.  It  is  a  variety  of 
rickets. — E  ls'asser. 

CRANIOTOMY,  Craniotom'ia ;  from  tpaviov, 
'the  cranium/  and  TOfirj,  'incision.'  The  opera- 
tion of  opening  the  head  in  parturition. 

Craniotomy  Forceps.  An  instrument,  resem- 
bling the  lithotomy  forceps,  for  laying  hold  of 
and  breaking  down  the  bones  of  the  head,  in  par- 
turition. 

CRANIUM,  Cra'nion,  Cranutn,  Calva'ria,  Sca'- 
phion,  Conchut,  Calva,  Olla  cap'iti*,  Theca  cer- 
ebri, Brain-pan,  the  skull ;  from  upavos,  '  a  hel- 
met,' or  from  Kpavov,  'head.'  (F.)  Crane.  The 
collection  of  bones  which  form  the  case  for  lodg- 
ing the  brain  and  its  membranes,  as  well  as  their 
vessels,  and  some  of  the  nerves.  Theae  bones 
are  eight  in  number — the  frontal,  occipital,  two 
parietal,  two  temporal,  the  sphenoid,  and  ethmoid. 
Besides  these,  there  might  be  considered,  as  be- 
longing to  the  cranium,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia, 
the  bones  of  the  ear,  and  the  ossa  Wormiana. 
Dr.  Prichard  has  characterised  the  primitive 
forms  of  the  skull  according  to  the  width  of  the 
Bregma,  or  space  between  the  parietal  bones :  1. 
The  Stenobregmate,  (ortvot,  'narrow,')  or  Ethio- 
pian variety.  2.  The  Mesobregmate,  (pesos,  'mid- 
dle/) or  Caucasian  variety;  and  3.  The  Platy- 
bregmate,  (xXarvs,  'broad,')  or  Mongolian  variety. 

Cranium  Huma'num,  Human  Cra'nium,  (F.) 
Crane  humain.  This  was  anciently  much  used 
in  prescriptions,  and  was  considered  anti-epilep- 
tic, alexipharmic,  antiloimic,  Ac. 

CRANOMANCY,  Cranomanti'a,  from  Kpavov, 
'the  head/  and  pavrua,  'divination.'  (F.)  Cra- 
notnancie.  The  art  of  divining — from  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  head  or  cranium — the  moral  disposi- 
tions and  inclinations  of  individuals. 

CR ANSON,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

CRANSSAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cranssac  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  six  leagues  from  Rhodes,  which  possesses 
acidulous  chalybeate  springs,  that  have  been 
known  for  a  long  time. 

CRANTER,  from  xpatvav,  'to  finish/  'render 
perfect.'  The  Dent  Sapien'tu*  has  been  so  called. 

CRANUM,  Cranium. 

CRAPULA,  Crsepale. 

CRAQUEHENT  DE  CUIR,  (F.)  'Crackling 
of  leather.'  A  sound  like  the  crackling  of  new 
leather,  sometimes  heard  on  examining  the  heart 
with  the  stethoscope.  It  has  been  supposed  to 
be  symptomatic  of  pericarditis. 

CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE,(F.)  'Pul- 
monary crackling.'  This  bruit  or  sound  consists 
In  a  succession  of  small  cracklings,  heard  during 
inspiration,  and  almost  always  at  the  top  of  the 
lung.  It  is  heard  at  the  commencement  of  phthisis. 

CRASIS ;  from  Kipawvpt,  'I  mix.'  A  mixture  I 
ef  the  eoeVititaents  of  a  fluid;  as  the  cyan*  of  the  I 


blood,  humour*,  Ac.  The  word  has  also  been 
employed  in  a  more  extensive  signification,  as 
synonymous  with  Constitution,  Temperament,  Ac 

CRASPEDON,  Staphyledema. 

CRASSAMEN'TUM,  from  crauue,  'thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  fluid.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  the  clot  of  the  blood. 

Crassamentum  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRASSE,  (F.)  Dirt  or  impurity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  end  it  it,  which  covers  the  skin,  where 
cleanliness  is  not  attended  to;  and  which  is 
sometimes  the  result  of  the  cutaneous  exhala- 
tion ;  at  others,  of  extraneous  matter  adhering  to 
the  surface  of  the  body. 

CRASSE'NA.  A  term  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  the  saline,  putrescent,  and  corrosive 
principles,  which,  he  thought,  gave  rise  to  uloeri 
and  tumours  of  different  kinds. 

CRASSULA,  Sedum  telephium  —  o.  Arbores- 
cens,  see  Cotyledon  orbiculata— c.  Portulacacea, 
c.  Tetragona. 

Cras'sula  Tetrago'na.  A  South  African 
succulent  plant,  which  is  somewhat  astringent 
Boiled  in  milk  it  is  used  in  diarrhoea.  Crassula 
portulaca'cea  is  said  to  be  used  in  similar  cases. 

CRASS  US,  Corpulent 

CRATJE'GUS  A'RIA,  from  xparo*  'strength/ 
owing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.  Jles'pilue, 
M.  A'ria,  Aria  ecu  Sorbue,  S.  Aria  seu  Alpi'na, 
White  Bean  Tree,  (F.)  Alieicr  blanc,  Alouehe, 
Alouchier.  The  fruit,  which  is  of  the  size  of  ft 
small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent,  and  somewhat 
agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  has  been  employed  in 
diarrhoea. 

CRAT^VA  MARMELOS,  Covolam. 

CRATERAU'CHEN,  from  Kpanpot,  'strong/ 
and  avxnv,  '  neck.'  One  with  a  strong  neck :  as 
well  as  a  strong  neck  itself. 

CRATEV^SIUM,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRATOS,  Force. 

CRAUTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Craute 
is  a  village  five  leagues  from  Autun,  in  France, 
where  are  mineral  springs,  containing  sulpho- 
hydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  carbonate  of 
magnesia. 

CRA  VA  TE  SUISSE  (F.)  A  band  of  the  lon- 
gitudinal or  superficial  layer  of  the  muscular 
fibres  of  the  stomach,  along  the  lesser  curvature 
of  the  organ,  the  shape  of  which  it  assists  in  pre- 
serving ;  —  so  called,  on  account  of  a  fancied  re- 
semblance to  a  Swiss  cravat 

CRA  YEUX,  Cretaceous. 

CRA  YON  NOIR,  Graphites. 

CRAZINESS,  Insanity. 

CRAZY,  Insane. 

CREA,  Shin. 

CREAM,  Cremor,  (F.)  Crime.  A  thick,  unctu- 
ous matter,  of  a  yellowish -white  colour,  and  sweet, 
agreeable  taste,  which  rises  to  the  surface  of  milk, 
if  kept  at  rest  It  is  composed  of  butter,  serum, 
and  casein. 

Creme  is  a  name  given  in  France  to  bouiUiee 
prepared  with  farina  of  different  kinds;  as  the 
Cream  of  Rice,  (F.)  Crime  de  Bin,  G  of  Barley, 
(F.)  C.  cTOrge,  Ac. 

Cream,  Cold,  Ceratom  Galeni,  Unguentam 
Aquae  rosea — c  of  Tartar,  Potassse  supertartras. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'osote,  Creaso'tum,  Kre'aeoto, 
Creaio'ton,  Creazo'ton;  from  Kptat,  'flesh,'  and 
evrnp,  'a  preserver.'  A  substance  discovered  not 
long  ago  by  Reichenbach.  It  is  obtained  from 
tar,  by  distillation,  and  appears  to  be  the  active 
antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in  tar-water  and 
crude  pyroligneous  acid.  It  is  a  colourless  trans- 
parent fluid,  of  a  penetrating  and  disagreeable 
odour,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alcohol  and  acetie 
acid.  Its  taste  is  bitter.  8.  g.  1.037.  It  coagu- 
lates albumen,  whenoe  its  haemostatic  power.   It 


CREATINE 


251 


OEBflT 


St  a  moat  powerfal  antiseptic;  and  has  been 
largely  administered  in  hemorrhages  both  inter- 
nally and  externally.  As  an  external  applica- 
tion, it  has  been  nsed  in  barns,  ulcers,  especially 
those  of  a  sloughing  character,  chronic  cutaneous 
affections,  and  has  been  applied  to  tapeworm  when 
protruded,  Ac.  Internally,  it  has  been  adminis- 
tered in  phthisis,  vomiting,  diabetes  mellitus,  ner- 
vosa diseases,  chronic  glanders,  Ac.  The  dose 
internally  is  one  or  two  drops.  Externally,  it  is 
sometimes  applied  pure ;  at  others,  diluted,  and 
commonly  with  water,  (f^ss  to  f^vj ;)  or  in  the 
form  of  ointment,  (fgss  to  Jj  of  cerate.) 

CRE'ATINE,  Cre'atin,  Creati'na,  Kre'atine, 
from  MMf,  '  flesh.'  A  nitrogenized  crystallizable 
neutral  substance,  .obtained  by  the  agency  of 
water  and  heat  in  making  broths  and  soups.  It 
does  not  combine  either  with  acids  or  alkalies. 

By  the  action  of  strong  acids,  creatine  is  con- 
verted into  Creatinine  or  Krcatinine,  a  substance 
which  has  a  strong  alkaline  reaction,  and  forms 
orystallizable  salts  with  acids.  It  preexists  to  a 
■mall  extent  in  the  juice  of  flesh  ;  and  .is  found 
In  conjunction  with  creatine  in  urine. 

CREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

CREATOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREAZOTON,  Creasote. 

CREEPER,  TRUMPET,  Tecoma  radicans— 
e.  Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma 
radicans. 

CREMASON,  Pyrosis. 

CREMAS'TER,  Svtpendie'ulum,  Eleta'tor  Tee- 
tic'ult,  Mut'culu*  Tent*,  3f.  Testicon'due.  That 
which  suspends ;  from  Kptpaw,  '  I  suspend.'  The 
Greeks  designated,  by  this  term,  the  spermatic 
chord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  testicle  is, 
as  it  were,  suspended ;  but,  since  Vesalius,  it  has 
received  its  present  limited  meaning.  The  cre- 
master  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia — sometimes 
hardly  perceptible  —  which  detaches  itself  from 
the  internal  oblique  muscle ;  passes  through  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  vanishes  around  the  tunica 
vaginalis;  serving  to  draw  up  the  testicle,  and 
to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been,  also,  called 
Tunica  ErytkroVdee  and  Suepeneo'rium  Teetie. 

CREMASTERIC,  Cremaeter'icxie,  same  ety- 
mon &s  Vrematter.  Appertaining  or  relating  to 
the  cremaster, — as 'cremasteric  artery,'— a  branch 
of  the  epigastric. 

CREME,  Cream — c.  de  Sou/re,  Sulphur  prseci- 
pitatum — c.  de  Tartre,  Potasses  supertartras. 

CREMER.  Thk  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMNOI,  plural  of  «f>7/*wf,  'a  steep  bank.' 
The  lips  of  an  ulcer.  The  Labia  pudtn'di, — Hip- 
pocrates, Foe'sius.    Hence: 

CREMNON'CUS,  from  tpwpos,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oyxos,  'a  tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the 
labia  pudendi. 

CREMOR,  Cream— e.  Tartar!,  Potasses  super- 
tartras— c.  Urinse,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Orenatu'ra,  Dentie1 ulut,  (F.)  OrSne- 
Wre.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the  su- 
tures. Crtnelure  has  also  been  used  in  eurgery, 
for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  certain  instruments, 
which  is  generally  intended  to  secure  the  passage 
of  cutting  instruments;  the  groove,  for  example, 
Of  a  director. 

CRENATURA,  Crena. 

CR&NELURE,  Crena. 

CRE'OLE,  (S.)  Criollo;  from  (S.)  cWar,  'to 
create  or  foster.'  A  native  of  America,  or  of  the 
West  Indies,  born  of  parents  who  have  emigrated 
from  the  Old  World,  or  from  Africa.    Henoe 


there  may  be  white  as  well  as  black  creolei 
Tschudi. 

CREOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium  temu- 
lentum. 

CREPANELLA,  Plumbago  Europesa. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crepa'tura,  from  crepare,  'to 
make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting  any  seed 
by  ebullition.  Coque  ad  crepatu'ram,  *  Boil  till 
it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA,  Hernia. 

CREPIDINES  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

CREPITANT,  Crep'itating,  Crep'itane;  same 
etymon.    Crackling. 

Rdle  Crepitant  See  d  Oroeeee  Built;  'dry 
crackling  noise  with  formation  of  large  bubbles,' 
is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphysema,  when  the  dis- 
tention becomes  greater  and  greater,  and  is  fol- 
lowed by  rupture  of  the  vesicles.  The  air  forcing 
itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobular  areolar  tissue, 
gives  rise  to  this  Rdle  during  inspiration. 

Rdle  Crepitant  See  of  Laenneoj  R.  vfeicttlairt* 
The  crepitant  rattle,  beard,  during  respiration,  in 
severe  pneumonia  and  in  oedema  of  the  lung;  so 
termed  on  account  of  the  analogy  between  the 
sound  and  that  occasioned  by  pressing  a  healthy 
lung  between  the  fingers.  It  resembles  the  sound 
produced  by  rubbing  slowly  and  firmly  between 
the  finger  and  thumb  a  look  of  hair  near  the  ear. 
The  Rhonchu*  crepitant  redux,  (F.)  Rdle  crepitant 
redux,  is  the  sound  heard  in  respiration  coexistent 
with  the  resolution  of  pneumonia.  It  indicates 
the  return  of  the  cells  to  the  pervious  condition. 

CREPITA'TION,  Crepitus,  from  crepitare,  'to 
make  a  noise.'  Crackling.  Crepitation  or  crept - 
tue,  (F.)  Cliquetie,  has  been  used,  in  Surgery,  to 
designate  the  noise  occasioned  by  the  friction  of 
fractured  bones,  when  the  surgeon  moves  them 
in  certain  directions.  When  it  cannot  be  heard 
at  a  distance,  it  may  be  detected  by  the  immedi- 
ate application  of  the  ear,  or  by  the  use  of  the 
stethoscope.  Crepitus  or  crackling  is,  likewise, 
met  with  in  oases  of  gangrene,  when  air  is  effused 
into  the  areolar  membrane — provided  the  part  be 
carefully  examined  with  the  fingers.  The  same 
term  is  used  for  the  cracking  of  the  joints  in 
health  or  disease. 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c  Lupi,  Ly- 
coperdon. 

CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Crescek'txi  Cuje'tE  j  called  after  Crescendo, 
an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture ;  Cujete,  Narrow- 
leaved  Calabaeh  Tree.  The  pulp  of  the  fruit  of 
this  West  India  plant  is  acidulous.  It  is  used  in 
diarrhoea  and  headach;  and,  in  syrup,  for  dis- 
eases of  the  chest 

CRESCENTLfi,  Waxing  kernels. 

CRESERA,  see  Cribration. 

CRESPINUS,  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

CRESS,  BITTER,  COMMON,  Cardamine  pra- 
tensis — o.  Garden,  Lepidium  sativum — c.  Indian, 
Tropseolummsjus— c.  Penny,  Thlaspi — c.  S  wines', 
Cocblearia  coronopus — c.  Water,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— o.  Water,  marsh,  Nasturtium  palustre. 

CRESSES,  DOCK,  Lapsana— c.  Sciatica,  Le- 
pidium Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRESSON  AL&NOIS,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  JEUaant,  Cardamine  pratensis — o.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium  —  c.  dee  lndee,  Tropsao- 
lum  majus — c.  dee  Jardine,  Lepidium  sativum— 
c  du  Mexique,  TropSBolum  majus  —  c.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus — c.  dee  Pre*,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CREST,  Crista— c.  of  the  Blum,  see  Crista  of 
the  Hium — c.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Crista  of  the  Pu- 
bis—c.  of  the  Tibia,  see  Crista  of  the  Tibia— «.  of. 
the  Urethra,  see  Crista  urethral!*.  t 


OEETA 


352 


CRICOID 


CRBTA,  Car'bona*  cold*  friaVilie,  Car'bonae 
calca'reue,  GlUomar'go,  Melia  Terra,  Chalk,  Car- 
bonate of  Lime,  (F.)  Crave.  Native  friable  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Crbta  Prepara'ta,  Oar'bonae  Calcu  prcepa- 
ra'tue,  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  levigation.) 
Used  externally!  as  an  absorbent;  internally,  as 
an  antacid.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  gj  or  more. 

CRETA'CEOUS,  Creta'ceu*,(V.)  Crayeux,from 
ereta,  'chalk/  Containing,  or  relating  to,  or 
having  the  characters  of,  chalk ;  as  f  cretaceous 
mixture,  cretaceous  tubercles.' 

CR&TE,  Crista— c.  de  Coq,  Crista  galli— c  dc 
V Ethmoid*,  Crista  galli— c.  UrithraU,  Gallinagi- 
nis  caput. 

CR&TES  DE  COQ,  see  Crista. 

CRJSTIN.  One  affected  with  cretinism.  The 
word  is  said  to  come  from  Chrttien,  "  Christian/' 
because  the  Crltin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
incapable  of  committing  any  sin  (?)    See  Cagot 

CRETINISM,  CretinWmue,  Cret'inage,  Cyrto'- 
m$  CretinU'mue,  KretinWmxu,  Jficrenceph'alon. 
An  epidemic  affection  in  the  low,  deep,  narrow 
situations  of  the  Valais ;  in  the  valley  of  Aost, 
Maurienne,  a  part  of  Switzerland,  the  Pyrenees, 
Tyrol,  Ac.  It  is  a  state  of  idiocy,  commonly 
accompanied  by  an  enormous  goitre,  and  is  often 
hereditary.  The  unfortunate  cretin  is  little  better 
than  the  animals  around  him.  He  rarely  attains 
an  advanced  age.  Like  idiocy,  cretinism  has  been 
divided  into  complete  and  incomplete. 

CREUSET,  Crucible. 

CREUXDE  UAISSELLE,  see  Axilla. 

CREUX  DE  L'ESTOMAC,  FoeeetU  du  camr. 

CREUXDE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 

CREUZNACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
The  springs  of  Creuznaeh  are  in  Germany.  They 
contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  C.  is 
a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenia. 
Near  it  is  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CREVASSE,  (F.)  Rima,  from  crever, '  to  break 
or  crack.'  A  crack,  a  cleft.  The  words  crevane, 
gercure,  fissure,  and  rhagade  are  often  used  syno- 
nymously for  small  longitudinal  cracks  or  chaps 
of  a  more  or  less  painful  character.  Sometimes, 
erevaeee  is  employed  to  designate  the  solutions  of 
continuity  or  ruptures,  which  supervene  in  dis- 
tended porta,  in  the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  Ac. : 
it  is  then  synonymous  with  rupture. 

CRT,  Cry. 

CRTBLE,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRA,  see  Cribration. 

CRIBRA'TION,  Cribra'tio,  CoacinWmue,  from 
eribrare,  'to  sift.'  Sifting.  A  pharmaceutical 
operation,  which  consists  in  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  drugs  from  the  coarser.  Sieves.  Drum- 
tievee  are  used  for  this  purpose.  These  were  for- 
merly called  Cribra;  Coe'cinoi.  A  sieve  for 
separating  the  bran  from  meal  was  termed  Cre'- 
eera,  Aleurote'ei*,  Cribrum  Pollina'rium. 

CRIB  RA'  T  U  S,  Cribro' eu§,  from  cribrum,  '  a 
sieve.'  (P.)  CriblL  Having  holes  like  a  sieve. 
Lame  cribUe,  Crib'riform  plate,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  bone — so  called  because  it 
is  perforated  like  a  sieve.  Through  the  perfora- 
tions the  olfactory  nerves  pass. 

La'mina  Cribro' »a  of  Albinus ;  Crib'riform  Ux- 
mel'la —  a  circular  spot,  perforated  with  small 
holes,  seen  when  the  optic  nerve  is  regarded  from 
the  inside,  after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid. 
From  these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  be 
expressed. 

CRIB'RIFORM,  Oribrifor'mu,  from  cribrum, 
*  a  sieve,'  and  forma,  '  form.  The  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  ctilnd : — Ot  Oribrifor*me\ 


Cribriform  Compress.  A  square  piece  of  linen 
pierced  with  a  number  of  holes.  This  is  spread 
with  cerate  and  applied  to  a  suppurating  surface, 
the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape  of  the  pus. 
Cribriform  Fascia,  see  Fascia,  cribriform— c 
Lamella,  see  Cribratus— c  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid, 
see  Cribratus. 

CRIBROSUS,  Cribratus. 
CRIBRUM  POLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 
CRICARYTENODES,  Crioo-arytenoid. 
CRICELLA'SIA,  Cricila'eia,  from  ipiroj,  'a 
circle,'  and  tXawia,  '  I  drive.'    An  exercise  with 
the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have  been  the  same 
as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the  hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK.  A  painful  rheuma- 
tic affection  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which 
causes  the  person  to  hold  his  head  to  one  side  in 
a  characteristic  manner. 

CRICO-ARYT'ENOID,  Onco-arytenoideuM, 
Cricaryteno'dee.  Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid  Muscle,  Crico-arytenoide- 
ut  latera'lie,  Crico-laUro-arytindidien.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  outer  and 
anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  carti- 
lage. It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage  outward 
and  forwards. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Poste'rior;  Crico-aryte- 
noideue  poeti'cue,  Crico-critl-aryte'noidien,  Dila- 
tateur  poettrieur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  triangular 
muscle,  seated  at  the  back  part  of  the  larynx.  It 
extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at  the  middle  of 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage,  to 
the  outer  and  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoideub  Supe'rior,  of  Winslow, 
forms  part  of  the  Arytenoideu*  of  modern  anato- 
mists. 

CRICO-CRtiTI-ARYTtiNOtDIEN,  Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior  —  c  LaUro-arythnndien^ 
Crico-arytenoid. 

CRICO- PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-Pharyngeu* 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

Crico-Pharyngeus  muscle,  of  Winslow,  is  ft 
fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  Constrictor 
Pharyngie  inferior.  He  calls  the  other  part 
Thyro- pharynge'ue,  and  proposes  to  call  the 
whole  Thyro-crico-pharyngeue. 

CRICO-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean. 

Crico-Thyroidean,  Crico-ihyroid,  CWco-tfjr- 
reo'dee,  Orico-thyreoVde;  Crfco-thyreoldeu*.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages. 

Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous  na- 
ture, and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  thyroid. 

Crico-Thyroid  Muscle,  Crico-thyroldeu9,(F.) 
Dilatateur  anttrieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  late- 
ral parte  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  and  its  ubc  is,  to  approximate,  anteriorly, 
the  corresponding  margins  of  the  cricoid  and  thy- 
roid  cartilages;  and  thus  to  stretch  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  which  it  contracts  by  separating 
the  thyroid  cartilage  from  the  arytenoid. 

CRICO-THYRO-PHARYmiEN,  Constrie- 
tor  pharyngis. 

CRICOID,  CricoVdeus,  CricoVdee,  Oieo'ds* 
Annula'rie,  Cymbala'rie,  from  mijwc,  'a  ring/ 
and  ctfof,  'form.'  Having  the  form  of  a  ring. 
A  name  given  to  one  of  tho  cartilages  of  the 
larynx,  Cartila'go  innomina'ta,  (F.)  Cartilage 
anonyme,  which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  be- 
tween the  thyroid  and  first  ring  of  the  trachea. 
It  is  much  higher  behind  than  before. 


CRICOIDES 


15S 


CROCOMAGMA 


ORICOIDES,  Annular,  Cricoid. 

CRICOS,  Ring. 

CRIMNO'DES,  CrimnoVdee,  from  rptpvov, 
'coarse  meal/  and  u6*s,  'resemblance.'  Resem- 
bling meal. 

Cbihno'dss  TJri'ka.  Urine  that  deposits  a 
Mdiment  like  meal. 

CRIMNON,  Farina. 

CRINA'LE,  from  crinis,  'hair.'  An  instru- 
ment formerly  used  to  compress  in  oases  of  fis- 
tula lachrymalis.  It  hat  its  name  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small  cushion 
stuffed  with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  JSgina.  The  roots  of  lilies  entered 
into  the  process;  hence  its  name, — from  kmvqv, 
'the  lily.' 

CRINE8,  Hair. 

GRIN  IS,  Capillua. 

CRINOM'YRON,  from  *piwv,  'the  lily/  and 
pijpffy,  'ointment'  Unguen'tum  lilia'ceum,  U. 
^Egyp'tium  album,  U.  Susi'num.  An  ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants. — 
Gorraus, 

CRINON,  Lilium  candidum. 

CRIOLLO,  Creole. 

CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one  who  had 
much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal  fossae,  like 
the  ram;  from  Kpiof,  'a  ram/  and  pv^a,  'mucus/ 

CRISIS,  Diac'risis,  Dijudica'tio,  'decision/ 
from  *piw,  'I  decide.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  acceptations.  Somo  mean  by  crisis  of 
a  disease,  when  it  augments  or  diminishes  consi- 
derably, becomes  transformed  into  another,  or 
ceases  entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to 
signify  only  the  favourable  changes  which  super- 
vene in  disease ;  others,  for  the  change  going  on 
in  the  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid  and 
favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious  eva- 
cuation or  eruption ;  whilst  others  have  applied 
the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany  such 
change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself; — thus  in- 
eluding,  under  the  same  denomination,  the  criti- 
cal phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TION,  Crispatu'ra,  from  crispare, 
4  to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction  or  spasmodic  con- 
striction, which  supervenes  in  certain  parts,  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  influence  of  some  mor- 
bific cause  or  therapeutical  agent  The  capillary 
ressels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the  French,  termed 
crispSs,  when,  immediately,  after  an  operation, 
the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them.  The  skin  is 
said  to  be  crispU,  when  contracted,  and  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  prominent  Cris- 
pation  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  convulsive  motion 
of  external  or  internal  parts,  much  less  than  that 
which  occurs  in  convulsion. 

CRISTA,  Ambi,  Ambon.  A  crest  (F.)  CrtU. 
A  name  given  to  several  bony  projections ;  also, 
to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Crttes  (F.),  Crist  at,  is  also  used,  in 
France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which  form 
at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs ;  and  are 
commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus.  Crites 
de  Ooq  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  resembling,  in 
form,  the  crest  of  the  cock. 

Crista  Galli;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  tK»mb  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crite  de  Vethmolde,  C. 
de  Ooq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  rising  above 
the  cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  re- 
sembling a  cock's  comb.  It  gives  attachment  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Il'ium,  is  the  supe- 
rior margin  of  the  ilium : — the  Crista  or  Crest  of 
th*  Tib'ia,  the  anterior  edge,  the  shin ;  and  the 
Crista  or  Orest  of  the  Pubis,  the  posterior  sharp 
edge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bone.    Winslow 


calls  the  nymph®  Crista  of  the  clitoris;  and      \ 
Chaussier,  the  vera  montanum,  Crista  Urethra'- 
lie,  Crest  of  the  Urethra. 

Crista  Interna,  Frontal  spine  — c.  Tibise, 
Shin — o.  Urethralis,  Qallinaginis  caput 

Crista  Vkbtib'uli,  Eminent tia  pyramida'lis, 
A  crest  which  divides  the  vestibule  of  the  ear 
into  two  fossae, — one  inferior  and  hemispherical, 
called  Fo'vea  hemisphaVrica  /  the  other  superior 
and  semi-elliptical,  Fovea  ellip'Hea  sen  semi- 
ellip'tica.  Morgagni  has  described  a  third  groove, 
like  fossa,  Reccs'su*  sen  Fo'vea  sulciform'is,  situ, 
ate  at  the  mouth  of  the  common  orifice  of  the  two 
superior  semicircular  canals. 

CRISTA  CLITORIDIS,  Nymphee. 

CRISTALLIN,  Crystalline. 

CRISTALLINE,  Mesembryanthemum  cry*, 
tallinum. 

CRITHE,  Hordeolum,  Hordeum,  Penis. 

CRITHIDION,  Hordeolum. 

CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Orithmvm,  Ca- 
chrvs  marifima,  Fosnic'ulum  mari'num,  Samphire, 
(F.)  Passe-pierre,  Perce-pierrc,  Fenouil  marin, 
Bacile.  Family,  TJmbellifersa.  Sex.  Syst.  Pon- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  plant  which  grows  on  the 
sea-coasts,  has  a  spicy,  aromatio  flavour,  and  is 
used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment 

The  Caaponga  of  Brasil  is  a  kind  of  orithmum. 

CRIT'ICAL,  Crieicus.    Belonging  to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Days,  Dice  crit'ici,  2>.  judicato'rii, 
D.  Decreto'rii,  D.  Prin'cipes,  2>.  Radica'les,  D. 
Contemplab'iles,  D.  Internun'cii,  (F.)  Jours  cri- 
tique; are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it  is  imagined, 
is  most  likely  to  happen.  According  to  Hippo- 
crates and  Galen,  the  greatest  number  of  fevers 
terminate  favourably  on  the  7th  day,  and  many 
on  the  14th;  —  these  two  days  being  the  most 
propitious.  Next  to  these  come,  in  order  of  effi- 
ciency, the  9th,  11th,  20th  or  21st,  17th,  5th,  4th, 
3d,  18th,  27th,  and  28th.  The  sixth  day  was 
called  by  Galen,  the  Tyrant,  rvpawos,  because 
the  crises  that  happened  then  were  generally  un- 
favourable. After  this,  the  most  unfavourable 
were  the  8th,  10th,  12th,  16th,  and  19th.  The 
13th  was  a  sort  of  neutral  day ;  the  crises  which 
happened  on  it  being  neither  favourable  nor  un- 
favourable. Days  were,  also,  divided  into  Inter'' 
calory,  on  which  the  crises  happened  less  fre- 
quently, and  were  less  complete  than  on  the 
critical  or  indicatory; — and  into  vacant  and  non- 
decretory,  on  which  a  crisis  hardly  ever  occurred. 
According  to  this  division,  they  were  enumerated 
as  follows : 

Critical  days 7th,  14th,  20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  Ac. 

Indicatory  days 4th,  11th,  17tb,  24th,  Ac 

Intercalary  days.. .  .3d,  5th,  6th,  9th,  Ac. 
Non-decretory  days.. 2d,  8th,  10th,  12th,  13th,  Ac 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered  to  be  indi- 
cated by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  days 
before. 

CRITICAL  PERIOD,  see  Menses. 

CROCHET,  Crotchet 

CROCIDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROCIDIXIS,  Carphologia. 

CRO'CINUM,  from  kookos,  'saffron/  Made 
with  saffron ;  coloured  with  saffron. 

CROCO'DES,  from  ko+kos,  'saffron,'  and  uboc, 
'resemblance/  Certain  troches  into  which  saf- 
fron entered  as  an  ingredient — Paulus  of  JSgina. 

CROCODFLEA,  Stercus  Lacer't*.  The  ex- 
crements of  the  crocodile,  which  the  Arabists 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
which  was  long  used  as  a  cosmetic 

CROCODULIUM,  Eohinope. 

CROCOMAG'MA,  from  rfwmf,  'saffron/  and 
uaypa,  *  a  kneaded  or  squeezed  mass.'    A  kind 


CROCUS 


254 


CROWN 


/  «f  troeh,  composed  of  saffron  and  spices. — Galen, 
Dioscorides,  Paulus  of  jEgina,  Scribonius  Largos. 

CROCUS,  C.  sati'vus  seu  officinalis  sen  Ahs- 
triacus,  Medici' na  TristWia,  Panace'a  vegetab'- 
Uis,  Zaffran,  An'ima  Pulmo'num,  C.  Orienta'lis, 
Jovisfios,  Saffron,  (F.)  Safran.  Order,  Iridese. 
The  stigmata  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
They  are  brought  from  the  East  The  odour  is 
aromatic,  and  the  taste  aromatic,  pungent,  and 
bitter : — the  colour  deep  orange  red.  Its  virtues 
are  yielded  to  alcohol,  wine,  vinegar  and  water. 
Ita  operation  has  been  considered  stimulant,  ex- 
hilarating and  diaphoretic.    It  js  not  much  used. 

Cake  Saffron  is  sometimes  met  with.  It  con- 
sists of  one  part  of  saffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
made  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

Crocus,  Colcothar  —  c  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum  —  o.  Austriacus,  Crocus  —  c. 
Germanicus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  c.  Indicns, 
Curcuma  longa — c.  Martis  adstringens,  Colcothar 
— c.  Martis  aperiens,  Ferri  subcarbonas — c.  Mar- 
tis vitriolatus,  Colcothar— c.  Metallorum,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum — c.  Officinalis,  Crocus — c.  Ori- 
entalis,  Crocus — c  Saraeenious,  Carthamus  tinc- 
torius— c.  Sativus,  Crocus. 

CROCYDISMUS,  Carphologia, 

CROIS&,  (F.)  Crossed.  An  epithet  given  to 
paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one  aide 
and  the  leg  of  another. 

CROISSANCE,  Growth. 

CROISSANCES,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROISSANTS,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROIX  DE  MALTE,  SMnium  Crucia'tum, 
Maltese  Cross,  Croat  of  Malta.  A  compress, 
baring  the  form  of  the  Maltese  cross.  It  is 
made  of  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
and  divided  with  scissors  from  each  angle  to  a 
•mall  distance  from  the  centre.  It  is  used  espe- 
cially after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis,  and 
limbs. 

When  the  compress  is  cut  in  two  of  its  angles 
only,  it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Cross, — Demi- 
croix  de  Malte. 

CROMMYON,  Allium  eepa. 

CROMMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  cpo/i/itw,  'an 
onion/  ofc,  '  acid,'  and  pTjywpi,  '  to  break  out' 
Sour,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell  similar 
to  that  of  onions. 

CROPALEy  Nerium  antidysentericnm. 

CROPS  IA,  Chromopsia. 

CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix  de  Malte. 

CROSSE  DE  UAORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 

CROSSES  PALMAIRES,  Palmar  arches. 

CROSSWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Lysi- 
maehia  quadrifolia, 

CROTALOPHORUS,  Crotalus  horridus. 

CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,  Crotaloph'oru*. 
The  Rattlesnake,  Cobra  di  Capello,  (F.)  Crotale. 
A  venomous  reptile  of  North  America.  Its  poison 
is  virulent.  It  is  so  called  from  the  rattle  in  its 
tail,  (xporaXov,  '  a  rattle/  ( a  small  bell.') 

CROT'APHE,  Crota'phium,  from  KpoTafot, 
'temple.'  Cephalalgia  Pulsat'ilis,  Cephafa'a 
Pulsat'ilis,  Sphygmoceph'alus.  A  pulsatory  pain, 
chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drumming  in  the  ears. 

CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  ar- 
te* te*. 

CROTAPHITES,  Temporal  muscle. 

CROTAPHIUM,  Crotaphe. 

CROTAPHUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 

CROTCHET,  Hamas.  A  small  hook  or  crook. 
(F.)  Crochet.  An  obstetrical  instrument,  whose 
name  indicates  its  shape,  and  which  is  used  in  the 
extraction  of  the  foetus,  when  it  becomes  necessary 
to  destroy  it  to  expedite  delivery.  Crotchet*  are 
differently  formed;  some  are  sharp,  others  blunt; 
some  contained  in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 

CROTON  BENZOE,  Benjamin. 


Crotoic  Cascaril'la,  Cortex  Eleuthe'ria,  Or*- 
ton  Eleuthe'ria  sen  Elute'ria,  Clu'tia  Elute'ria, 
Thus  Jud&o'ruin,  ChacariVUt  cortex,  Cascaril'la, 
Eleute'ria,  Cascaril'la.  Order,  Euphorbiaoe®. 
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia.  (F.)  Quin- 
quina aromatique,  Cascarille.  The  bark  of  Cb« 
ton  Cascarilla  of  the  Bahamas,  Cortex  T hurts, 
has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and  bitterish,  arc 
matic  taste.  The  smoke  has  the  odour  of  musk. 
The  active  parts  are  an  essential  oil  and  bitter 
extractive.  They  are  completely  extracted  by 
proof  spirit.  It  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose, 
gr.  xv  to  5Js8  or  more,  in  powder. 

Croton  Eleutheria,  Croton  cascarilla — e.  Ja- 
malyota,  C.  tiglium — c.  Lacciferum,  see  Lacca— 
c.  Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  Rackmo'sum,  BecncL  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatio  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  headach  and  rheumatism. 

Croton  Tio'liuit  ,  c.  Jamalyo'ta,  Cadel-Avanacu. 
A  Ceylonese  plant,  every  part  of  which  is  en- 
dowed with  medicinal  power.  The  root  is  a  dras- 
tic cathartic:  the  wood,  Lignum  Pava'na,  Pa* 
vana  wood,  and  the  seed,  have  like  virtues.  The 
seeds  have  been  long  known  under  the  names, 
Orana  Moluc'ca,  Til1  it  Orana,  and  Orana  Tig'h'i 
sen  Tig'lia.  From  these  seeds  the  Croton  Oil, 
O'lcum  Tig'lii,  is  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale, 
brownish-yellow  colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste; 
and  is  a  most  powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose, 
from  half  a  drop  to  three  drops,  made  into  pills 
with  crumb  of  bread.  It  is  also  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed 
on  the  part ;  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts 
of  olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  litUe  of 
this  be  rubbed  on. 

CROTO'NE,  Kporuyytf.  A  fungus,  which  grows 
on  trees,  and  is  produced  by  an  insect,  from  *pon»r, 
'a  tick.'  By  extension,  applied  to  a  fongou* 
tumour  developed  on  the  periosteum. 

CROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis — c.  Bronchial, 
Polypus  bronchialis — c  Cerebral,  Asthma  thymi- 
cum — c.  Cerebral  spasmodic,  Carpo-pedal  spasm— 
o.  Chronic,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  c.  favor,  Asth- 
ma thymicum,  see  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Croup,  Hyster'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent  in 
hysterical  females, — the  paroxysm  consisting  in 
a  long  protracted,  loud  and  convulsive  coughs 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dyspnoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  Chat  advised  for  hyrteria. 

Croup,  Pseudo,  Asthma  thymicum — c  Pseu- 
do-nervcux,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Spasmodic, 
see  Asthma  thymicum,  and  Cynanohe  trachealis 
—  c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 

CROUPION  (F.)  Uropyg'ium,  On*,  Orrhos, 
the  Rump.  The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Crup- 
per, (F.)  Croupe. 

CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS, Asthma  thymicum. 

CROJjTE,  Crusta— c.  De  lait,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— c.  Laiteuse,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

CROCTEUX,  Crustacf. 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum— c.  Brist- 
ly, Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus  —  c.  Bulbous- 
rooted,  Ranunculus  bulbosus — c.  Marsh,  Ranun- 
culus sceleratus — c.  Meadow,  Ranunculus  acris— 
c.  Small-flowered,  Ranunculus  abortivus — c  Wa- 
ter, smaller,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

CROWN,  Coro'na,  Steph'ane.  In  anatomy,  this 
name  is  given  to  parts  of  a  circular  form,  which 
surmount  other  portions  of  the  same  body.  Thus, 
the  Crown  of  a  Tooth,  Coro'na  Dentis,  (F.)  Cbv- 
ronne  dn  Dent,  is  the  portion  of  the  tooth  which 
projects  above  the  gum. 


CROWSBEAK-LIKB  PROCESS 


265 


CBTJRAL 


Crows  of  thb  Glass,  Coro'na  sen  Tor'ulus 
eiandis,  (F.)  Couronne  du  gland,  is  the  round, 
almost  circular,  ring,  which  circumscribes  the 
dam  of  the  glans. 

Crown  of  the  Trepan,  Modi'ohts,  (P.)  Cou- 
ronne du  T re" pan,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and  teeth 
at  its  lower  extremity ;  the  other  being  fitted  to 
the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Crown  of  Venus,  Coro'na  Ven'eri»,  Outta  Ro- 
•a'cea  Syphilitica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  V6nus.  Red, 
rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face ;  but  par- 
ticularly on  the  forehead  and  temples,  owing  to 
constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWSBEAK-LIKE  PROCESS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CRU'CIAL,  from  crvx,  crucis,  'a  cross/  Cru- 
cia'lis,  Crucia'tus.  Haying  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Appertaining  to  a  cross. 

Crucial  Bandage,  T  Bandage. 

Crucial  Incis'ion,  Incisu'ra  cruet  a' lis,  (F.) 
Incision  cruciate.  An  incision  made  in  the  form 
of  a  cro68.  Often  employed  for  exposing  the  cra- 
nium, for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular 
ligament  of  the  Atlas. 

Crucial  Lig'akents,  (F.)  Ligament*  croisis, 
L.  cruciformes.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  the  spine  of  the 
tibia  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  exter- 
nal condyle  of  the  femur:  —  the  other,  the  poste- 
rior, extends  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spine 
of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
internal  condyle. 

CRUCIA'TI  DOLO'RES,  Excruciating  pains. 

CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux,  crucis,  'across:'  so 
called — it  has  been  supposed — from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  haying  a  cross 
impressed  upon  it :  Crvcib'ulum,  Cati'nus  fuso'- 
rius,  Tigil'lum,  Albot,  Cements' rium,  (F.)  Creuset. 
A  vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum,  gold,  black- 
lead,  Ac,  for  receiving  substances,  which  have  to 
be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It  is  sometimes 
covered  with  a  top  or  lid.    (F.)  Couverele, 

CRU'CIFORM,  from  crux,  crude, '  a  cross/  and 
forma,  '  shape  /  Cruciform*  ie,  Cross-shaped.  A 
name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the  ar- 
ticulations of  the  phalanges ;  and  likewise  to  the 
crucial  ligaments. 

CRUDE,  Crudus,  Omus :  Raw,  unripe,  not  con- 
cocted. 

CRUDITAS  MORBI,  see  Crudity— c  Ventri- 
culi,  see  Crudity. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'ditas,  Om'otes,  Status  Crudi- 
ta'tis,  from  crudus,  'crude,'  'unprepared/  Incoctus. 
Rawness,  Crudeness.  This  has  received  several 
acceptations.  1.  It  expresses  the  quality  of  cer- 
tain aliments,  which  have  not  experienced  the 
action  of  fire.  2.  The  condition  of  matters  in  the 
digestive  tube,  which  have  not  undergone  the  di- 
gestive changes, — cru'ditas  ventric'xdi;  and,  3.  In 
the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means  the  con- 
dition of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick  individual, 
cru'ditas  morbi,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  pre- 
pared or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs, — 
Azym'ia  htimo'rum. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  plural,  Cru'dities,  syno- 
nymously with  crude  matters.  (F.)  Matieres  crues. 
It  is  applied  to  those,  when  contained  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

CRUELS,  Scrofula. 

CRUENTA  EXSPUITIO,  Haemoptysis. 

ORUES  (Matieres,)  see  Crudity. 

CRUME'NA  VESI'CA  The  cavity  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CRUOR.    Tho  signification  of  this  word  is 


very  vague.  It  has  been  used  to  designate  blood 
in  general,  venous  blood,  extravasated  or  coagu- 
lated blood,  and  the  colouring  matter. 

Cruor  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUORIN,  Heematin. 

CRUPPER,  Croupion — c  Bone,  Coccyx. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  Cms,  '  a  leg.  (F. ) 
Cuisse.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body,  from 
their  resemblance  to  legs  or  roots ;  as  the  Crura 
cerebri,  Crura  cercbclli,  Ac. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medulla  Oblongata,  Pe- 
duncles of  the  brain  —  c.  Cerebelli  ad  Corpora 
Quadrigemina,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum— 
c.  Cerebelli  ad  Pontem,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum —  c.  Clitoridis  interna,  Bulbus  vestibuli — 
o.  Medullm  oblongata,  Corpora  restiformia,  Tha- 
lami  nervorum  opticorum,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
cerebellum — o.  Posteriora  medullas  oblongata), 
Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum. 

CRURJBUS,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,  Crura'lis, from  cms,  'the  thigh,  and 
lower  limb.'  What  belongs  to  the  thigh  or  lower 
limb. 

Crural  Arch,  In'guinal  Arch,  Fern' oral  Arch, 
(F.)  Arcade  crurale,  A.  inguinale  (Ch.),  Pou- 
p  art's  Lig'ament,  L.  of  Fallo'pius.  This  arch  is 
formed  by  the  internal  portion  of  the  inferior  edge 
of  tho  aponeurosis  of  the  obliquus  externus  mus- 
ele,  which  is  attached,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis ; 
at  the  other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium.  At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  sends  off 
a  falciform  reflection,  which  is  attached  along  the 
crest  of  the  pubis,  and  is  known  under  the  name 
of  Gimbernat's  Ligament.  Beneath  this  arch, 
the  vessels,  nerves,  and  muscles  make  their  exit 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

Crural  Artery,  Fem'oral  Artery,  (F.)  Artlre 
crurale,  A.  Pelvi -crurale, — (Ch.,)  is  the  continua- 
tion of  the  external  iliac.  It  extends  from  the 
crural  arch  to  the  aperture  in  the  triceps,  or  to 
the  ham.  Chaussier  applies  the  name  Artere 
crurale  to  the  trunk,  which  extends  from  the  pri- 
mitive or  common  iliac  to  the  tibial  arteries  ,*  em- 
bracing, of  course,  the  external  iliac,  femoral,  and 
popliteal. 

Crural  Canal,  Crural  Ring,  Fem'oral  canal 
or  ring.  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  described  this  canal 
with  minuteness,  and  given  it  the  name  Anneau 
crural,  Anneau  femoral.  It  is  nearly  an  inch 
long,  triangular,  more  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male.  Its  upper  orifice  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  the  crural  arch ;  posteriorly,  by  the  crista  of 
the  pubis :  on  the  outer  side  by  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac  aponeurosis, 
and,  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernat's  ligament.  This 
orifice  is  covered  by  tho  peritoneum,  and,  accor- 
ding to  M.  Cloquet,  is  closed  by  a  more  or  less 
resisting  septum,  which  he  has  named  Septum 
crurale,  Crural  septum.  In  its  course,  the  crural 
canal  has  its  anterior  parietes  formed  by  the  super- 
ficial expansion  of  the  fascia  lata :  the  posterior 
by  the  pectineus,  covered  by  the  deep-seated  ex- 
pansion of  the  fascia;  and  more  externally  by  the 
psoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  an  expan- 
sion of  the  fascia  iliaca.  Its  inferior  orifice  is 
formed  by  the  foramen  of  the  fascia  lata,  which 
gives  passage  to  the  vena  saphsena.  It  is  at  the 
upper  orifice  of  this  canal,  that  Femoral  or  Crural 
Hernia,  Hernie  inguinale  of  Chaussier,  occurs; 
which  would  be  more  common,  were  it  not  for 
the  fibrous  cellular  septum  there  situate. 

Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the  lumbar 
plexus,  and  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  tha 
psoas  muscle  and  crural  artery.    After  it  hag 


CRURAL 


256 


CRYSTALLINE 


passed  under  the  crural  arch,  it  divides  into 
cutaneous  and  muscular  branches.  One  of  the 
branches,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
the  Sapha'na  nerve.  It  gives  off  filaments  to  the 
integuments  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
leg,  and  to  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  foot  The 
remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Accessory  of  the  Orural  Nerve  is  a  term 
given  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar  nerves. 

Crural  Plexus  of  Chaussier  is  the  union  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  pairs  of 
lumbar  nerves,  and  the  first  four  sacral j  forming 
the  lumbar  and  sacral  plexuses  of  most  anato- 
mists. 

Crural  Ring,  Crural  canal — e.  Septum,  see 
Crural  canal. 

Crural  Vein,  Fern' oral  Vein,  has  the  same 
arrangement  as  the  artery.  It  receives  only  one 
great  branch,  the  saphsena. 

CRURAL,  Triceps  cruris. 

CRURA'LIS,  Grurm'us.  A  part  of  the  Triceps 
crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Trifftnororotulien 
of  Chaussier.  The  cruralis  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, outer,  and  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  between  the  two  trochanters,  adheres 
firmly  to  most  of  the  fore  part  of  the  os  femoris, 
and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  upper  part  of 
the  patella,  behind  the  rectus.  Its  use  is  to  assist 
the  vasti  and  rectus  in  the  extension  of  the  leg. 
Under  Muscle  Triceps  Cruralf  the  French  describe 
the  cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.  Some  small  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes  found  under  the  crurseus 
muscle,  and  inserted  into  the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Sub-crurce'i. 

CRURIS  RADIUS,  Fibula. 

CRUS,  Leg,  Thigh. 

CRUST,  Eschar. 

CRUST  A.  A  crust  or  scab.  (F.)  CroCte.  An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  drying 
up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  the  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Crusta  villo'sa. 

Crusta  Adam  antixa  Dentium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth. 

Crusta  Genu  Equi'njb,  HippogonyoVepus, 
Sweat  or  Knee  Scab,  Mock  or  Encircled  Hoof 
Knees,  Hanger*,  Dew  Claws,  Night  Eyes,  Horse 
Cruet.  This  morbid  secretion  from  the  horse  has 
been  advised  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  in 
the  form  of  powder,  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xxj)  and  of 
tincture. 

Crusta  Inflamvatoria,  Corium  phlogisticum 
—  c.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupin  osa — c. 
Membranacea,  Peristroma — c.  Petrosa,  see  Tooth 
c.  Pblogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum — o.  Pleure- 
tica,  Corium  phlogisticum — o.  Pruriginosa,  Gutta 
rosea— c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutta  rosea — c.  Vermicu- 
laris,  Peristroma— c.  Villosa  linguae,  see  Tongue 
— -c.  Villosa  ventriculi,  see  Stomach. 

CRUSTACll,(F.)  AHbert  has  substituted  this 
word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  crodteux,  'crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs ;  as  Dartre  crustac4e. 

CRUS'TULA.  A  small  shell  or  scab.  An 
ecchyraoeis  of  the  conjunctiva. 

CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  Pyra  Crust umi'na  or  Crustumeri'na,  (so  called 
from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italy,  where  they 
grew,)  boiled  with  honey  or  in  rain-water. — 
Aetius. 

CRUX  CERVT.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRT,  Clamor,  Rot,  (F.)  Cri.  The  sound  of 
the  unarticulated  voice.  The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.  The  cry  of  the  new-born 
•hud  has  been  called  Vagi'tus,  (F.)  Vagissement. 


We  say,  "A  cry  of  joy,  of  pleasure,  of  pain  " 
Ac,  according  to  the  expression  which  it  may 
convey  to  the  hearer. 

CRYMO'DES,  from  kovuos,  'cold/  A  contf. 
nued  fever,  Febris  crymo'des,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal  parts  feel  hot,  and  the  external  cold;  and 
which  was  attributed  to  an  erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs. — Aetiue,  Gorrseus. 

CRYMODYN'IA,  from  kovuos,  'cold,1  and  obvv^ 

*  pain.'  Chronic  rheumatism,  and  all  its  modifi- 
cations.— Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  kovuos,  'cold.'  Diseases 
caused  by  the  action  of  cold. — Baumes. 

CRYPSOR'CHIS,  from  kovjttv,  'I  conceal/ 
and  opxts,  'a  testicle/  Oryptor'chis,  Testicon' due. 
One  in  whom  the  testes  have  not  descended  into 
the  scrotum.  The  state  is  called,  Cryptorchidi**- 
mue, .  Parorchid'ium. 

CRYPTA,  from  kovvtos,  'concealed/  Follic*- 
uloee  gland,  Lacu'na,  Follic'ulus,  (F.)  Orypte, 
Follicule.  A  crypt  or  follicle  is  a  small,  round- 
ish, hollow  body,  situate  in  the  substance  of  the 
skin  or  mucous  membranes,  and  constantly  pour- 
ing the  fluid  which  it  secretes  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts  on  which  it  is  poured  supple 
and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the  action 
of  irritating  bodies  with  which  they  have  to  come 
in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney,  are  also  called  Crypto*. 

CRYPTO  SEBACEAE,  Sebaceous  glands. 

CRTPTE,  Crypta. 

CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  kowtos,  'eon- 
cealed,'  and  Ke$a\n,  'head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally.— G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula  cere- 
visise. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,  Foetus  in  foztu.  A  mon- 
strosity, in  which  one  foetus  is  found  contained 
in  another. 

CRYPTO  G'AMOUS,  Cryptogam'ic,  Crypto- 
gam'icus;  from  Kpvxrog,  'concealed,'  and  yauos, 

*  marriage.'  An  epithet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs  of  fructification  aro  concealed 
or  not  manifest  Ag'amous  plants  are  those  whose 
sexual  organs  are  not  known. 

CRYPTOPY'IC,  Oryptopy'icut,  from  «p»rrw, 
'  I  conceal/  and  nvov,  *  pus.'  A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 

CRYPTOPYICUS,  Cryptopyie. 

CRYPTORCHIDISMS,  see  Crypsorohis. 

CRYPTORCHIS,  Crypsorohis. 

CRYPTS  OF  LIEBERKtfHN,  see  Intestine 
— o.  Synovial,  Bursa)  mucosae. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potassas  nitras  fusu* 
surphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTAL'LI.  Vesicles  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.  They  are  also  called  crystal' Una.  Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 

Crtstalli  LuKwB,  Argenti  nitras. 

CRTSTALLIN,  Crystalline. 

CRYSTAL'LINA,  from  kovotuWos,  'crystal/ 
A  vesicle  or  phlyctaena,  filled  with  Berum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated  aure- 
ola.   It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not     See  CrystallL 

Crtstallina  Tunica,  Arachnoid  membrane. 

CRYSTALLINE,  Orystal'linus.  Having  the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Crys'tallinb,  Crystalline  humour,  C.  Lent, 
Crystalline  body,  CrystaVlinus,  Lens  crystal' lina^ 
Lens  crystallol'des  vel  Corpus  Crystarlinum,  Q 
DiscoVdes,  C.  OryetaUoX'dee,  C.  Phacoi'des,  Hu. 
mor  orystal'linus,  H.  glacia'lis,  Phad,  Phaetm 
Phams,  Gemma  Oculi,  (F.)  Oristallin  on  Orystml 


CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS 


257 


CUCUMIS 


tin,  Humeur  crystalline,  Corps  crystaUin,  LentilU 
crystalline.  A  lenticular,  transparent  body,  situ- 
ate between  the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours 
of  the  eye,  at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with 
the  two  posterior  thirds  of  the  organ.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  soft  exterior  substance;  and  an  inte- 
rior, forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number 
of  elliptical  layers  is  perceptible.  It  is  con- 
tained in  a  capsule,  called  Tu'nica  ara'nea  vel 
crystal'lina,  Cap'sula  Untie,  and  receives,  at  its 
posterior  surface,  a  small  branch  of  the  central 
artery  of  the  retina,  which  is  always  readily  dis- 
tinguishable in  the  foetus,  prior  to  the  seventh 
month  of  utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  refract  the  rays 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass :  for 
which  its  laminae  or  layers,  increasing  in  refrac- 
tive power  from  the  circumference  to  the  centro, 
admirably  adapt  it. 

CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CRYSTALLION,  Plant-ago  psyllium. 

CRYSTALLITIS,  Phacitis. 

CRYS'TALLOID,  CrystaUoVdee,  from  KfvercX- 
Xec,  'crystal/  and  tiios,  'form/  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  crystal  or  the  crystalline.  The  cap- 
sule ox  membrane  of  the  crystalline.  Also,  the 
crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  MINERALIS,  Potasses  ultras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYTHE,  Hordeolum. 

CTEDON,  Fibre. 

CTEIS,  Pubes. 

CTESIPHON'TIS  MALAG'MA  A  plaster 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 

CUBA,  see  Havana. 

CUBAL  8INI,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUBATIO,  Decubitus. 

CUBEBA,  Piper  Cubeba. 

CUBIFORMIS,  Cuboid. 

CUBIT,  Ulna— c.  Top  of  the,  Olecranon. 

CU'BITAL,  Cubit  a' lis,  Ulnar,  Ulna'ris,  Con- 
nected with  or  relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the 
inner  and  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Artery,  Arte'ria  cubita'lie,  A.  ulna'- 
He,  arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  below  the 
bend  of  the  elbow  j  proceeds  along  the  anterior 
suid  inner  part  of  the  forearm ;  passes  anterior  to 
the  llgamentum  annulare  of  the  carpus,  and  goes 
to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  superficial 
palmar  arch.  Besides  the  numerous  muscular 
branohes,  which  it  gives  off  in  its  course,  it  sends 
posteriorly  the  common  trunk  of  the  interosseous 
arteries,  and  internally,  the  two  cubital  recur- 
rent*, anterior  and  posterior, — articular  branches, 
which  anastomose  on  the  inside  of  the  elbow  with 
the  divisions  of  the  humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Oabita'lU  ante'rior,  O,  inter1  nue,  Flexor  carpi 
ulna'ris,  Ulna'rU  inter'nus,  Epitrochli-cubito-car- 
pien,  Oubito-earpien — (Ch.),  is  a  long  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon,  and 
from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  tendon  into  the  os  pisiforme.  Its 
use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by  di- 
recting it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  Cubitalis 
posterior  seu  exter'nus,  Exten'sor  Oarpi  ulna'ris, 
Ulna'rU  exter'nus,  Cubite'ue  exter'nue,  Cubito- 
eus-mitacarpien — (Ch.),  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  fifth  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus. Its  use  is  to  extend  the  hand,  inclining 
it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  Nerve,  Ulnar  nerve,  CubUo-digital — 
(Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three  nerves 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed  to  the 
17 


inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm;  to  the 
inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of  the 
hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Vbins,  deep-seated,  and  the  Recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.  The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong  to 
the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  them  cuta'neout  cu- 
bital 

CUBITALE  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CUBITALIS  RIOLANI,  see  Anconeus. 

CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

OUBITO-CABPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscles—* 
Outani  (nerf),  Cutaneous  nerve  —  c.  Phalanget- 
te eommun,  Flexor  profundus  perforans  —  c. 
Radi-eue-mitacarpien  du  pouee,  Abductor  longus 
pollicis— c„  Radial,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

C  UBITO  -  SUPRAPALM  A '  RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  hand.  Chaussier  gives  this  name : 
1.  To  a  small  artery,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
cubital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  wrist.  2.  To 
a  vein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIBN,  see  Cubital 
muscles — c  Sus-mitacarpien  du  pouce,  Abductor 
longus  pollicis — c.  Sus-Phalangettien  de  V index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicis  —  c.  Sus-phalangettien 
du  pouce,  E.  longus  pollicis  —  c.  Sus-phakingien 
du  pouce,  E.  pollicis  brevis. 

CU'BITUS,  kvPitov,  Cy'biton,  The  Elbow, 
Also,  one  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm.  See  Ulna, 
and  Forearm. 

Cubitus,  (F.)  Coudie,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
measure  18  inches  long. 

Cubitus  Supinus,  see  Decubitus. 

CU'BOID,  Cubol'des,  CuboVdeus,  Cubo'dee, 
Oubi/or'mis,  Cubot'des,  Cyrtol'des,  Orandino'sum 
Os,  Tes'sara,  Tessera  os,  Os  va'rium,  from  nfles, 
1  a  cube/  and  uios,  '  form.'  Having  the  form  of 
a  cube.  This  name  was  given,  by  Galen,  to  one 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained. 
It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
tarsus ',  and  is  articulated,  behind,  with  the  cal- 
caneum;  be/ore,  with  the  last  two  metatarsal 
bones,  and  within,  with  the  third  os  cuneiforme, 
and  sometimes  with  the  scaphoides.  Its  inferior 
surface  has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of 
the  peroneus  longus, 

CUCKOO  FLOWER,  Cardamine  pratensia, 

CUCKOW  BREAD,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

CUCKOW  PINT,  Arum  maculatum. 

CUCU'BALUS  BEHEN,  Bthen  officina'rum 
seu  vulga'ris,  Sile'ni  infla'ta  seu  crasei/o'lia  seu 
Thcfrei,  Vieca'go  behen.  This  plant  was  once 
considered  alexipharmio  and  cordial  It  is  the 
Spatling  Poppy. 

CUCULLARIS,  Trapezius. 

CUCULA'TUM  MAJUS.  A  barbarous  term, 
used  by  Roland,  for  brandy  and  spirit  of  wine. 

CUCULLATA,  Sanicula. 

CUCULLUS,  Couvrechef,  Cucupha,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUCULUS,  Coccyx,  Pertussis. 

CUCUMBER,  Cuoumis  sativus  —  c.  *  Indian, 
Medeola  Virginica— c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Momor- 
dica  elaterium-*-o.  Star,  one-seeded,  Sycios  angu- 
latus — c.  Tree,  Magnolia  acuminata. 

CUCUMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUCUMIS,  Penis  —  c.  Agrestis,  Momordica 
elaterium. 

Cu'cuws  Coloctn'this,  Citrul'lus  Coloeynthis, 
Officinal  names  of  the  Colocynth  or  Bitter  AppU, 
Colocyn'this,  Coloquint'ida,  Alhan'dal  (Aran.), 
Bitter  Oourd,  Bitter  Cucumber,  (F.)  Coloquinte. 
Family,  Cucurbitace».  Sex.  Svst.  Monoecia 
Monadelphia.  A  Turkey  and  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  plant.  The  spongy  part  or  medulla  of  the 
fruit,  Colocyn'thidie  Putpa,  Cucu'meris  Colocyn'* 
thidis  Pulpa,  has  a  bitter,  nauseous,  and  acrimo- 


CUCUPHA 


258 


CUMULUS 


nious  taste,  and  is  a  strong  cathartic,  acting 
chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the  intestines.  It  is 
scarcely  ever  used,  except  in  combination. 

Cecums  Melo.  The  sytematic  name  of  the 
Melon  Plant,  Melo,  Common  Melon,  (F.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  is  an  agreeable  article  of  diet,  but  not 
very  digestible,  unless  when  ripe.  The  seeds 
possess  mucilaginous  properties. 

Cucumis  Sati'vus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Ou' cumber  plant,  Cucumis,  Angou'rion,  Citre'- 
olus,  Cu'cumer  or  Cur'vimer,  from  its  curved 
shape.  (F.)  Concombre  ordinaire.  The  cucum- 
ber is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle,  when  it  is 
called  a  Gherkin,  (F.)  Cornichon.  It  is  not  a  fruit 
easy  of  digestion.    The  seeds  are  mucilaginous. 

Cucumis  Sylvestris,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CU'CUPHA,  Cu'cullus,  Pi'leus,  Sac' cuius  ce- 
phal'icm.  A  sort  of  coif  or  cap,  with  a  double 
bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mixture  of 
aromatio  powders,  having  cotton  for  an  excipient. 
It  was  formerly  used  as  a  powerful  cephalic. 

CUCUR'BITA,  &  curvitate,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     See  Cupping-glass. 

Cucurbita  Anouria,  C.  citrullus. 

Cucur'bita  Citrul'lus,  C.  Angu'ria  sen  pin- 
natif'ida.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Water- 
melon plant;  Citrul'lus,  Angu'ria,  Tetrangu'ria, 
Sicilian  Citrul,  Water-melon.  Family,  Cucurbi- 
tacess;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (F.) 
Melon  d'eau,  Past&que.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
very  abundant,  whence  its  name.  The  Water- 
melon is  extremely  refreshing  and  agreeable,  when 
made  cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon. 
It  is  very  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Cucurbita  Leucantha,  C.  lagenaria. 

Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Pompion,  Cucur'bita.  The  seeds 
of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cucur'bita  lage- 
na'ria,  Bottle-gourd,  contain  a  large  proportion 
of  oil,  capable  of  forming  emulsions ;  but  they 
are  not  used. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Lageka'ria,  C. 
leucan'tha,  Pepo  lagena'rius,  (F.)  Calebasses,  and 
that  of  Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo  vulga'ris,  (F.) 
Potiron,  Courge,  are  eaten. 

Cucurbita  Pihnatifida,  C  citrullus. 

CUCURBITAIN,  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

OUCURBITE,  see  Alembic. 

CUCURBITI'NUS,  (F.)  Cucurbitain.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Tania  solium, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  gourd,  —  cucurbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  whioh  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  so  many  separate  worms.  See 
T  tenia. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

Cucurbitula  CRUENTiB,  Cupping  with  the  sca- 
rificator— o.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the  scari- 
ficator—c.  Siccce,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED,  Gnaphalium  margaritaoeum. 

CUILLEr£e,  Cochleare. 

CUIR,  Corium. 

CUISSART.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu  am- 
monis. 

CUISSE,  Thigh,  Crus  — c.  PostSrieure  du  cer- 
velet,  Corpus  restiforme. 

OUrSSOy,(Y.)    A  smarting,  burning  pain. 

CUIYRE,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniacal,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum —  e.  et  Ammoniaque  sulfate  de,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum— c  Limailles  de,  see  Cuprum 
— c  Sous-acState  de,  Cupri  subacet&s — c.  Sulfate 
de,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUIVREUX,  (F.)  Copper-coloured,  (F.)  Teint 
emivreux.  A  copper-coloured  complexion,  such 
M  is  observed  in  cancerous  affections.  Syphi- 
lid ulcers  of  the  throat*  Ac,  are  often  oopper- 
eoloered. 


CUJETE,  Crescentia  cujete. 

CULBICIO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers  as  synonymous  with  ardor  urinae  and 
gonorrhoea. 

CULBUTE,  (F.)  'A  tumble  head-over-heels.' 
A  movement  which  the  foetus  has  been  supposed 
to  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month  of  utero- 
gestation ;  and  by  means  of  which,  it  was  pre- 
sumed, the  head  presented  towards  the  orifice  of 
the  uterus ;  a  change  of  situation,  which  is  im- 
practicable in  ordinary  circumstances. 

CULCITA  SAUNA,  Halotyle. 

CULEON,  Anus. 

CU'LEUS.  A  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urns,  equal  to  180  gallons.  —  Pliny,  Gor- 
rceus. 

CULEX,  (F.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects,  un- 
happily too  well  known  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  which  give 
rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The  gnats 
and  musquitoes  belong  to  this  genus. 

CULI  FLOS,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CULILAWAN,  see  Lauras  culilawan. 

CU'LINARY  ART,  from  culina,  'a  kitchen/ 
Cookery,  Res  culina' ria,  Res  coqua'ria,  Ars  culi- 
na'ria,  A.  coquina'ria,  Magei'rici.  The  art  of 
preparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judging  of  the 
dietetio  properties  of  various  kinds  of  aliment, 
the  culinary  process  to  which  they  have  been 
subjected  will  always  have  to  be  considered. 
Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art  have 
been  physicians. 

CULLITLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CULMINATIO,  Acme. 

CULTELLAIRE,  (F.)  from  cultcllus,  a  'little 
knife/  Le  cautlre  cultcllaire,  known  also  under 
the  name  Couteau  de  feu,  Fire-knife,  is  used  for 
what  the  French  term  the  Cautire  transcurrcnte. 
(See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped  like  a  small 
hatchet. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps,  Knife, 
double-edged — c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet 

CULTER,  CulteVlus,  from  colo,  cultum,  *I  cul- 
tivate/ A  coulter,  a  knife,  scalpel,  maeha'ra, 
macha'rion,  macha'ris.  Also,  the  third  lobe  of 
the  liver,  so  called  from  some  fancied  resemblance. 
— Theophilus  Protospatarius. 

Culter  Cubvus,  Knife,  crooked — c.  Falcarus, 
Knife,  crooked — o.  Lenticularis,  Knife,  lenticular 
— c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation — c.  Tonsorias, 
Razor. 

CULTRIV'OROUS,  CultrWorvs,  from  cvlter, 
'a  knife/  and  vorare,  *>*  devour/  Individuals, 
who  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  impu- 
nity, have  been  so  called  j — Knife-eaters. 

CULUS,  Anus. 

CULVER'S  ROOT,  Leptandra  purpurea. 

CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUMIN,  Cuminum  oyminum  —  c  des  PrH, 
Carum. 

CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Cummin  plant,  Cumi'num  minu'ttsm 
sen  Roma'num,  Cymi'num,  Cumi'num,  Carnaha'- 
dium.  Family,  Umbelliferte.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  (F.)  Cumin,  Anis  aiare.  The  seeds 
of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of  Egypt,  have  a 
warm,  bitterish,  disagreeble  taste.  Water  extracts 
their  odour,  and  spirit  takes  up  both  odour  and 
taste.  They  are  not  used,  except  in  a  plaster, 
which  bears  their  name.  When  drunk  in  wine, 
the  ancients  believed  they  produced  paleness; 
hence,  Horace  called  cummin  exsangui;  and  Jo- 
venal,  pallens. — Diosoorides,  Pliny. 

Cuminum  MiNUTUir,  0.  cyminum — c  Nigrum, 
Nigella — o.  Pratense,  Carum  —  c.  Romanum,  C 
cyminum. 

CUMMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CU'MULUS, '  a  heap  or  pile.'  A  rounded  pro- 


CUNKALIS 


259 


CTJPRI 


minence,  in  the  centre  of  the  prollgerous  dish,  in 
which  there  is  a  small  opake  cavity  that  contains 
the  ovum.     See  Tache  embryonnaire. 

Cumulus,  Germinal,  Tacke  embryonnaire — c. 
Germuiativus,  Tache  embryonnaire  —  e,  Prolige- 
rus,  Tache  embryonnaire. 

CUNEA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  The  suture  formed 
between  the  great  and  little  alee  of  the  sphenoid 
bone  and  the  os  frontis. — Blasiu*. 

CUNiEN  (F.),  Cbmta'nu*.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulation  Cuntennes; —  the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Ligament*  Ountcnnes; —  the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

CU'NEIFORM,  Ouneifor'mis,  SphenoVdes, 
from  euneus,  'a  wedge/  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Wedge-shaped.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  a 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lunare 
and  os  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Os  Pyrami- 
ds U,  0$  Triq'uetrum,  and  Os  Cubita'U.  3.  To 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone :  and, 
4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  which  are 
distinguished,  according  to  situation,  reckoning 
from  within  outwards,  into  first,  second,  and  third, 
—or  internal,  middle,  and  external:  and  accord- 
ing to  size,  reckoning  in  the  same  order,  into 
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.  Tho  posterior 
surface  of  these  bones  is  united  to  the  anterior 
face  of  the  scaphoides ;  the  anterior  surface  with 
the  corresponding  metatarsal  bones ;  and,  in  ad- 
dition, the  external  surface  of  the  third  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  cuboides.  They  are  also 
called  Chaleoldea  or  Chaleoldea  ossic'ula. 

Cuneiform  Cartilages  op  the  Larynx  are 
two  small  cylinders  of  fibro-cartilage,  about  seven 
lines  in  length,  and  enlarged  at  each  extremity. 
By  the  base,  the  cartilage  is  attached  to  the 
middle  of  the  external  surface  of  the  arytenoid ; 
and  its  upper  extremity  forms  a  prominence  on 
khe  border  of  the  aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  of 
membrane.     They  are  sometimes  wanting. 

CU'NEO-CU'BOID,  Ouneo-euboldeus.  Belong- 
ing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

Cuneo-Cuboid  Articula'tion  is  formed  by  the 
third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  a  synovial  oapsule,  and  two  cuneo- 
mtboid  ligaments :  —  a  dorsal  and  a  plantar. 

CU'NBO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-scaphol'des.  Be- 
longing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  scaphoid. 

Cuneo-Scaphoid  Articula'tion  is  formed  by 
the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cuneifor- 
mia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  It 
Is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule  and  liga- 
ments, some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata—c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

Cuni'la  Maria'na,  Saturei'a  organoVdes,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  eree'ta  Virginia'na,  Ditfany,  American 
DU'tany,  Mountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaved  Cunila, 
Maryland  Cunila,  Stonemint,  Wild  Basil,  Sweet 
Horsemint,  (F.)  Ounile  aVAmirique,  A  small  in- 
digenous herb,  growing  on  dry,  shady  hills,  from 
New  England  to  Georgia,  and  flowering  in  June 
and  July.  Its  medical  properties  are  dependent 
Upon  essential  oil,  like  the  mints. 

Odkila,  Maryland,  Cunila  mariana — c  Mint- 
leaved,  C.  mariana— c  Musoula,  Inula  dysente- 
ric*—  c.  Pulegioides,  Hedeoma  pulegioides  —  c 
Sativa,  Satureia  hortensis. 

CUNILAGO,  Inula  dysenterica. 

CUNILE  PAMtiRIQUE,  Cunila  mariana. 

CUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  Soutel'la,  CatiVlus,  PateVla,  Excip'ula, 
(F.)  Palette,  PoSlette,  PoUetts,  Vase  d  saigner. 


A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  she,  for  receiving 
the  blood  during  venesection.  It  generally  con- 
tains about  four  ounces.  A  bleeding  of  two  cups 
is,  consequently,  one  of  eight  ounces. 

CUPIDITAS,  Voluntas  — c,  Desedendi,  Vo- 
luntas desedendi. 

CUPIDO,  Appetite.  Also,  Cupid,  the  god  of 
love,  in  ancient  mythology ; — Deus  copulatio'nis. 

CUPOLA,  see  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUPPED,  see  Corium  phlogisticum. 

CUPPING,  Catacasm'us,  from  (F.)  couper,  'to 
cut;'  or  to  draw  blood  in  vessels  resembling  cups; 
Applica'tio  cucurbita'rum  seu  eucurbitula'rum, 
Cucurbita'tio.  A  species  of  blood-letting,  per- 
formed by  a  scarificator,  and  glass,  called  a  cup- 
ping-glass, Cucurbifula,  Cucurb'ita,  Sic'ua,  (F.) 
Ventouse.  The  lancets  are  placed  in  such  a  man- 
ner in  the  scarificator,  that,  when  it  is  applied 
upon  the  affected  part,  the  whole  are,  by  means 
of  a  spring,  pushed  suddenly  into  it  After  sca- 
rification, the  cupping-glass,  which  has  been  pre- 
viously exhausted  by  heat,  or  by  an  exhausting 
syringe,  is  applied.  The  pressure  of  the  air 
within  the  glass  being  thus  diminished,  the  ne- 
cessary quantity  of  blood  may  be  drawn.  See 
Bdellometer.  Dry  cupping,  Cueurbit'ula  sicca, 
is  the  application  of  the  glasses,  without  previous 
scarification.  (F.)  Ventouses  siches.  It  is  used 
to  prevent  the  activity  of  absorption  from  any 
wounded  part;  occasionally,  to  excite  suppura- 
tion in  indolent  abscesses;  and  to  remove  tho 
pus  when  an  abscess  is  opened.  Cupping,  taken 
without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstraction  of 
blood  by  means  of  the  scarificator  and  cups:— 
(F.)  Ventouses  scarifites,  (L.)  Cucurbitulm  om- 
enta, C.  cum  Ferro.  The  verb  '  to  cup,'  signifies 
to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 

CUP-PLANT,  Silphium  perfoliatum. 

CUPRESSUS,  C.  sempervirens— c  Arbor  vitas, 
Thuya  occidentalis. 

Cupresb'ub  Sekpbryi'rens,  C.  pyramida'lis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Cupres'sus,  CyparW- 
sum,  Cypress,  (F.)  Cypres.  The  berries,  leaves, 
and  wood,  have  been  considered  astringent  and 
useful  in  intermittents.  The  whole  plant  abounds 
with  a  bitter,  aromatic,  and  terebinthinate  fluid. 

CUPRI  AMMONIO-SULPHAS,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — o.  et  Ammonias  sulphas,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum— c.  Diacetas,  C.  subacetas. 

Cupri  Livatu'ra,  Filings  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Limailles  de  Cuivre,  have  been  used  in  hydro- 
phobia. It  has  been  remarked  under  Cuprum, 
that  they  are  inert. 

Cupri  Rubigo,  Cupri  subacetas. 

Cupri  Subacf/tab,  C.Diacc'tae,JEru'go,  Ver- 
digris, Hispan'icum  vi^ide,  Prasi'num  viridt, 
Cnpri  Hubi'go,  Crystals  of  Venus,  Vir'idi  JE'ris. 
uEru'ca,  Cal'cithos,  Subac"etate  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Sous-acdtate  de  Cuivre,  Vert-de-gris,  Crystaux  de 
Vinus,  Verdet.  Impure  subacetato  of  copper. 
This,  as  usually  met  with,  is  in  masses,  difficult 
to  break;  not  deliquescent;  foliaceous;  of  a  fino 
bluish-green  colour,  and  salt  taste.  It  is  tonic, 
emetic,  escharotic,  and  detergent;  but  scarcely 
ever  employed  internally.  Chiefly  used  in  de- 
tergent ointments.  Dose,  as*  a  tonic,  under 
i  gr. :  emetic,  from  gr.  j  to  gr.  y.  Powdered 
verdigris  appears  to  be  the  active  ingredient  in 
Sm e Home's  Eye-salve,  which  may  be  imitated  by 
rubbing  half  a  drachm  of  finely  powdered  verdi- 
gris with  a  little  oil,  and  then  mixing  it  with  an 
ounce  of  yellow  basilicon. 

An  ointment  composed  of  one  drachm  of  finely 
powdered  verdigris,  with  on  ounce  of  lard  or  sper- 
maceti ointment,  is  used  in  psoriasis,  tetter,  Ac. 

Cupri  Sulphas,  Vitriolum  Cupri,  Vitriolum 
Ven'sris,  V.  Cyp'rium,   V.  Cyp'rinuis,  K  GsjiV- 


CUPRUM 


260 


CUR8US 


hum,  V,  Boma'num,  Cuprum  Vitriola'tum,  Lapie 
Omrufleue,  Sulphate  of  Copper,  Blue  Stone,  Blue 
Vitriol,  Roman  Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sulfate  de 
Cuivre,  is  in  rhomboids!,  rich,  blue,  semi-trans- 
parent, efflorescing  crystals.  The  taste  is  harsh, 
styptic,  and  corrosive.  It  is  soluble  in  four  parts 
of  water  at  60°,  and  is  tonic,  emetic,  astringent, 
and  eseharotio.  As  a  tonic,  it  has  been  used  in 
epilepsy,  intermittent*,  Ac.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  gr. 
i  to  gr.  y,  in  pill ;  as  an  emetic,  gr.  ij  to  x,  in 
water.  A  very  weak  solution  is  sometimes  used 
in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet;  and  it  forms  the 
basis  of  Bates's  Aqua  camphora'ta,  which  has 
been  recommended,  dilated  with  sixteen  parts  of 
water,  in  the  purulent  ophthalmia  of  children. 

Cupri  Sulphas  Amuoniacalis,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum— c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUPRUM,  Chalcoe,  uE*,  Venue  of  the  Alchy- 
mists:  Copper,  Oyp'rium,Vir'ide  monta'num,  (F.) 
Cuivre,  Its  odour  is  peculiar  and  sensible  when 
rubbed ;  taste  disagreeable  and  metallic ;  colour 
red-yellow.  S.  g.  7.87;  ductile;  very  malleable; 
less  hard  than  iron ;  easily  oxidised.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  exerts  no  action  on  the  system. 
When  swallowed,  it  undergoes  no  deleterious 
.  change.  Copper  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is 
in  the  mixture,  and  hcnoe  the  utility  of  tinning 
copper  vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  are  harm- 
less under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the  sub- 
stances be  not  suffered  to  remain  in  them  till 
cold.    The  salts  of  oopper  are  very  deleterious. 

Cuprum  Ammohta'tum,  C.  Ammoniaca'U,  C. 
Ammoni'acum,  C.  ammoni'aco-eulphu'rieum,  Am- 
monia'ted  Copper,  Ammoni'acal  Sulphate  of  Cop- 
per, Ammoniure'tum  Cupri,  Sal  anti-epilep'ticu* 
of  WniSBMAir,  Sulfas  Cupri  ammoniaca'lie,  S. 
ammoni'accB  eupra'tue,  Sub-eulfat  Ammo'nio-cu'- 
prieue,  Sulfas  Cupri  et  Ammo' hub,  Deuto- Sulfa* 
Cupri  et  Ammo'nuB,  Cupri  Ammo'nio-eulphae, 
Ammo'nia  Cupro-eulphae,  Ammo'nio-eulphate  of 
Copper,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  cuivre  et  cFammoniaque, 
Cuivre  ammoniacal.  (Cupri  Sulph.  §ss;  Ammon. 
Carl.  £vj.  Rub  in  a  glass  mortar  till  efferves- 
cence ceases.  Wrap  the  ammoniated  copper  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  crystalline  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour,  and 
hot,  styptic  taste.  By  exposure  to  air,  it  becomes 
partly  converted  into  carbonate  of  oopper.  It  is 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  has  been  chiefly  em 


Sloyed  in  epilepsy  and  other  obstinate  spasmodic 
iseases.  _D<  

It,  in  pill. 


diseases.  .  Pose,  gr.  i  gradually  increased  to  gr. 


Cuprum  VrraiOLATUir,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CU'PULAR,  Cupula' ri*f  (F.)  Cupulaire;  from 
cupula,  *  a  small  cup.'  Of  or  belonging  to  a  cupula. 

Cupulas  Cau'tbbt,  CauUre  cupulaire,  is  an 
Iron  in  the  shape  of  a  oupula,  formerly  used  to 
cauterize  the  skin  of  the  cranium  in  certain  dis- 
eases, as  epilepsy,  chronic  headach,  Ac 

CURA,  Cura'tio,  Merim'na,  Merim'ni.  At- 
tention to,  or  treatment  or  cure  of,  a  disease. 
Keuohen  defines  Cura,  '  medicine,' ,and  Curator, 
'  the  physician/  Curatio,  also,  sometimes  means 
purification ;  as,  Adept  tuilla  ourata. — Scribonius 
Largos. 

Cuba  Aveva'cba.  A  decoction  of  oats  and 
suooory  roots,  in  whioh  a  little  nitre  and  sugar 
are  dissolved.    Uaod  as  a  refrigerant 

Cuba  Dbbyatiya,  Derivation — c  Fumigatoria, 
Thymiatechny. 

Cuba  Maoha.  'Great  cure.'  A  term  em- 
ployed, at  times,  for  a  method  of  treatment  pre- 
ferable to  all  others.  Thus  ptyalism  has,  by 
many,  been  considered  the  "cura  magna"  for 
syphilis. 

Cuba  Mbdiaha,  Transfusion— c  Palliatira, 


see  Palliative— e.  Radicalis,  see  Palliative— e* 
Revulsoria,  see  Derivation. 

CU'RABLE,  SanaVMe,  Aces' tos,  AceSmime, 
rdJimoe,  (F.)  Ouerieeable.  That  which  is  suscep- 
tible of  cure.  An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

CURARE,  Wourali,  Woorara,  Wourari,  Woo* 
raru,  Wurali,  Urari,  Urali,  Ourary,  Voorara* 
A  very  energetic  vegetable  poison,  employed  bj 
the  South  American  Indians  to  poison  their  ar- 
rows. It  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  the  bark  of 
a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejuco  de  Mava- 
cure,  but  is  referred  by  Martins  to  Strychnoe  Gui- 
anen'eie,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg  to  S.  toxica' no. 

CURA'TIO,  Mede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'eeeie,  AU 
thez'ie,  AUhax'ie,  Therapei'a,  IUeie,  duration, 
The  aggregate  of  means  employed  for  the  cure 
of  disease.    Bee  Therapeutics. 

Cubatio,  Cura,  Cure — c  Contrariorum  per 
Contraria,  Allopathy  —  c  Morbi  per  Inediam, 
Limotherapeia. 

CU'RATIYE,  San'ative,  Healing,  Aceeopho'ruM, 
Aceeino'eue»  Relating  to  the  cure  of  a  disease. 
Curative  Indication*  are  those  which  point  out 
the  treatment  to  be  employed.  Curative  Treat- 
ment, that  employed  in  the  cure  of  disease,  in 
opposition  to  preservative  or  prophylactic  treat- 
ment. We  say,  also,  Curative  Process,  Curative 
Mean*,  Ac 

CURATOR  INFIRMORUM,  Infirmier. 

CURCULIO,  Penis. 

CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  see  Arrow- 
root— o.  Aromatica,  Esempferia  rotunda. 

Cur'cuma  Lowoa,  Curcuma,  Amo'mum  Cur4- 
cuma,  Borri,^  Bor'riberri,  Cober'ri,  (Hindoostan,) 
Crocue  In'dicu*,  Terra  Mer'ita,  Cannac'orue  ra- 
di'ci  cro'ceo ;  Family,  Amomess;  Sea.  SyeL 
Monandria  Monogynia;  Mayel'la,  Kua  JTaic, 
Cype'rue  In'dicu*.  nirttpes  Ivdiicof  of  Dioscorides 
(?},  Turmeric,  (F.)  Racine  de  Safran,  Safran  dew 
Indee,  Souchet  dee  Indee.  Turmeric  root — the 
rhisoma  of  curcuma  longs — is  brought  from  the 
Bast  Indies;  but  is  possessed  of  very  little,  if 
any,  medicinal  efficacy.  It  is  one  of  the  ingre- 
dients in  Curry  Powder* 

Curcuma  Zbdoabia,  see  Kampferia  rotunda— 
e.  Zerumbet,  see  Krompferia  rotunda. 

CURD,  ALUM,  Coagulum  aluminosum. 

CURDS,  Curde  of  Milk,  (F.)  CailU,  La* 
caillL    The  coagulated  part  of  milk. 

CURE;  from  euro,  'care.'  Aces' ia,  A'eerie, 
Acee'mue,  Cura'tio,  C  felix,  Sana'tio,  San'itae, 
(F.)  Ouerieon.  A  restoration  to  health;  also,  a 
remedy;  a  restorative 

CURE-ALL,  Geum  Yirginianum,  GSnother* 
biennis. 

CUREDBNT,  Dentisoalplum. 

CURE  BXJ  RAISIN,  Grape-cure. 

CURB-LANGUE,  (F.)  Lingua  ecalpium, 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, Ac,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  whioh  covers  the 
tongue  after  sleep,  Ac 

CURE-OREILLE,  Ear-pick. 

CURETTE,  Scoop. 

CURMI,  Oourmi. 

CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum— c  Red, 
Ribes  rubrum. 

CURRANTS,  tee  VitiB  Oorinthiaca. 

CURRY  or  CURRIE  POWDER.  A  condi- 
ment, formed  of  various  spices,  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  forms  of  its  preparation :  Sem,  coriatuL 
gxviii,  pip.  nigr.  5y,  oayen.  Jj,  rad\  curcuma, 
eem.  cumini,  U  Juj,  *em.  famugr.  £iv:  mix. 

CURSUMA  HJBMORRHOLDALIS  HERBA, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 


CUBVAMIN 


Ml 


0UTA510U8 


-    CURSTJS,  Running— o.  Matricis,  Leucorrhoea 
C  Menstruus,  Menses. 

CURVAMEN,  Curvature. 

CURVATEUB  DU  COCCYX,  Curator  Coc- 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TOR  COCOY'GIS,  (F.)  Omrvateur  du 
Cooeyx.  Sommering  gives  this  name  to  a  small 
bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  whieh  descends  on  the 
middle  of  the  coccyx,  uniting  on  each  side  with 
the  isohio-ooocygei  muscles.  It  is  a  part  of  those 
muscles. 

CUR'VATURE,  Ourvatu'ra,  Curvafmen,  Flex- 
u'ra,  Onamp'eie,  from  eurvue,  'crooked;'  Oj/rto'- 
ma,  (F.)  Courbure.  The  condition  of  a  line  or 
surface,  which  approximates  more  or  less  to  the 
form  of  an  arc;  as  the  curvatures  of  the  spine, 
duodenum,  stomach,  Ac  Accidental  curvatures 
of  bones  are  the  effect  of  rickets,  or  Mollitiee 
oeeium.  The  Greeks  called  the  curvature  of  the 
spine,  <v/?ofc  nohot,  and  XopSos,  according  as  the 
deviation  was  backwards,  laterally,  or  forwards. 

CURVE  OF  CARUS,  see  Pelvis. 

CURVED  LIKES,  (F.)  Courbee  Lignee.  Two 
crooked  lines  or  projections  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  occipital  bone.  They  are  distinguished 
into  euperior  and  inferior.  Some  lines  on  the  os 
Jnnominatum  are  also  so  called. 

CURVIMER,  Ottcnmis  sativus. 

CUSCO-CINCHONIA,  Aririna. 

CUSCUTA,  C.  Europsea. 

Cuscuta  Chlorocarpa,  see  C.  Glomerata. 

Cusou'ta  Epith'tmdm,  C.  minor.  The  system- 
atic name  of  the  Dodder  of  Thyme.  Epith'ymwn, 
Bpith'ymum  Cueeu'ta  sen  Ore'ticwn.  A  parasiti- 
cal plant,  possessed  of  a  strong,  disagreeable 
smell,  and  a  pungent  taste,  very  durable  in  the 
month.  It  was  onoe  used  as  a  cathartic  in  me- 
lancholia. 

Cuscuta  Europe' a  sea  major  sen  vulga'rie  sen 
tetran'dra  sen  filiform'ie,  Cueeu'ta,  Epith'pmum 
officina'rum,  was  oonoeived  to  possess  similar 
properties. 

Cuscuta  Filiformis,  C.  Europma. 

Cus'cuta  Glombra'ta,  and  Cuscuta  Chloro- 
carpa, Dodder,  American  Dodder,  indigenous 
plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent,  tonic,  and 
anti-periodic 

Cuscuta  Major,  C.  Europssa — c.  Minor,  C. 
Epithymum — o.  Tetrandra,  0.  Europroa  c  Vul- 
garis, C.  Europeea.  * 

CUSPARIA  BARE,  see  0.  Febrifuge— c.  Bark, 
Valse,  Bruoea  antidysenterioa,  and  Strychnos 
nux  vomica. 

Cuapa'ria  Febrit'uga,  Bonplan'dia  trifo- 
tia'ta  seu  anguetu'ra,  Anguetu'ra,  Qalipm'a  fe- 
brifuga.  Order,  Rutacem.  The  South  American 
tree,  which  furnishes  the  Cuepa'ria  or  Anquetura 
Bark,  (F.)  Angueture  vraie,  Quinquina  faux  de 
Virgime.  According  to  Dr.  Hancock,  however, 
the  Angustura  bark  is  derived  from  Qalipm'a 
oMeinalie,  Sex.  Syst.  Deoandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Diosmess ;  and  this  view  has  been  adopted 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  Its 
odour  is  peculiar;  taste  intensely  bitter  and 
slightly  aromatio ;  pieces  thin ;  externally,  gray 
and  wrinkled ;  internally,  yellowish-fawn ;  frac- 
ture, short  and  resinous,  ft  yields  its  virtues  to 
water  and  to  proof  spirit  It  is  tonic  stimulant, 
and  aromatic  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx  or  more,  in  powder. 

CUSPIS.  A  spear.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  the  glans  penis. — Rolflnk.  It  meant, 
also,  a  kind  of  bandage. 

CUSTODIA  VIRGINITATIS,  Hymen. 

CUSTOS,  Vulva. 

CUT,  from  (F.)  eouteau,  'a  knife,'  or  from 
Wast  Gothic  koto,  'to  cut;'  or  from  mm*,  'I 
cut.'  Cmeu'ra,  Tomi,  Incie'io,  Vulnue  eimplex, 
Treeie  vulnue  eimplex,  Copi,  (F.)  Covpure.    A 


2.  Vesicular.. 


8.  Pustular. 


4.  Papular. 


5.  Squamous. 


common  expression  for  the  division  or  eolutioa 
of  continuity  made  by  a  sharp  instrument. 

OUTAM'BULUS,  from  cults,  'skin,'  and  on- 
bulo,  <  I  walk.'  <  Walking  In  the  skin/  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  parasitical  animals,  which  creep 
under  the  skin;  such  as  the  Guinea-worm;  and 
to  certain  pains  felt  between  the  skin  and  flesh, 
as  it  were. 
CUTANEAL,  Cutaneous. 
CUTANiO-SOURCILlBR,  Corrugator  ■*- 
peroilii. 

CUTANEOUS,  Outa'neal,  Cuta'neue,  (F.)  <fc- 
tant,  from  eutie,  'the  skin.'  Belonging  to  the  skin. 
Cutaneous  Diseases,  Eruptione,  Epiphy'- 
mata,  are  the  numerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character  to  which  the  skin  is  liable, — Dermaio- 
patki'a,  Dermato'eee.  \ 

Chronic  cutaneous  diseases  may  be  thus  classified: 
Urticaria. 
1.  Exanthematous  \  Roseola. 
(  Erythema. 
*  Pemphigus. 
Rupia. 
Herpes. 
Edema. 
Impetigo. 
Ecthyma. 
t  Scabies.  (?) 
'  Lichen. 

Strophulus. 
%  Prurigo. 
?  Lepra. 

Psoriasis. 
_  Pityriasis. 
'  Acne 
Sycosis. 
6.  FoUionlous  ....«[  Ichthyosis. 
Trichosis. 
_  Favus. 
Cutaneous  Exhalation  and  Absorption  art 
those  which  take  place  from  the  skin. 

Cutaneous,  Middle  Posterior,  see  Sciatio 
nerve,  lesser. 

Cutaneous  Neryes,  Outaneal  Nervee,  so 
called,  of  the  upper  extremity,  are  two  in  num. 
ber.  They  are  given  off  from  the  brachial  plexus. 
The  internal  eutaneoue,  Cubito-cutane",  (Ch.,)  de- 
scends along  the  inner  part  of  the  arm,  and  di- 
vides above  the  elbow  into  two  branches;  the 
outermost  of  which  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 
biceps,  and  spreads  over  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  forearm ;  and  the  innermost  accom- 
panies the  basilic  vein,  passing  to  the  correspond- 
ing side  of  the  hand  and  little  finger.  The  exter- 
nal eutaneoue,  Radio-cutani  (Ch.,)  Mue' eulo- CW- 
ta'neue,  Per'forane  Cabbe'rii,  passes  outwards, 
perforates  the  coraco-brachialis ;  descends  along 
the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  arm ;  passes 
as  far  as  the  middle  fold  of  the  elbow  under  the 
median  cephalic ;  and  descends  along  the  ante, 
nor  and  outer  edge  of  the  forearm.  At  some 
distance  above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two 
branches ;  an  outer,  which  is  distributed  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  the  thumb  and  index  finger ; 
and  an  inner,  which  descends  on  the  musoles  of 
the  thumb  into  the  palm  of  the  hand,  and  divides 
into  fine  filaments,  which  may  be  traced  to  the 
fingers. 

Cutaneoue  nervee,  Middle  eutaneou;  two  in 
number,  are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral 
nerve.  They  are  distributed  to  the  integument 
of  the  middle  and  lower  part  of  the  thigh  and  of 
the  knee. 

Nervue  Cutaneue  Minor,  Leeeer  internal  euta 
neoue  nerve,  Nerve  of  Writberg,  takes  its  origin 
from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is  more  particu- 
larly connected  with  the  ulnar  nerve.  It  soon 
separates  from  the  ulnar,  running  afterwards  be- 
tween it  and  the  inner  side  of  the  arm.    A  litti* 


CUTCH 


165 


CTCLTJ8 


Mow  the  axilla  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  arm. 

Chaussier  calls  the  cephalic  and  basilic  veins 
the  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 

CUTCH,  Catechu. 

CUTI,  Catechu. 

CUTICULA,  Epidermis. 

CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CUTIS,  Pellis,  Pella,  Co' Hum,  Derma,  Deri; 
Anthro'pe,  Anthro'pen,  Skin,  (F.)  Peau.  A  dense, 
resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and  extensible 
nature,  which  forms  the  general  envelope  of  the 
body ;  and  is  contiguous  with  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, through  the  different  natural  apertures. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  formed  of  three 
distinct  layers — the  epidermis,  rete  or  more  pro- 
perly corpus  mucosum,  and  corium.  Some  anato- 
mists, however,  separate  it  into  several  others. 
Its  outer  surface  is  covered  by  a  number  of  small 
eminences,  called  papillae,  which  are  generally 
regarded  as  essentially  nervous  and  vascular. 
The  skin  is  our  medium  of  communication  with 
external  bodies.  It  protects  the  subjacent  parts ; 
is  the  seat  of  touch,  and  through  it  are  exhaled 
the  watery  parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not 
needed  in  the  nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state 
of  the  skin,  as  regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords 
useful  information  in  pathological  investiga- 
tions. Its  colour,  too,  requires  attention:  the 
paleness  of  disease  is  as  characteristic  as  the  rosy 
complexion  of  health.  The  colour  of  the  skin 
varies  according  to  the  age,  sex,  Ac.  As  a 
general  rule,  it  is  finer  in  the  female  and  child 
than  in  the  male  and  adult  In  old  age  it  be- 
comes light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry.  It  likewise 
varies  according  to  the  races,  Ac. 

Cutis  Anseriva,  Horrida  cutis — e.  Carnosa, 
Panniculus  carnosus— -c.  Extima,  Epidermis — c. 
LinguiB,  see  Tongue  —  c.  Suilla,  Couenne —  o. 
Summa,  Epidermis — o.  Tensa  Chronica,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue — c.  Ultima,  Epidermis. 

CUTITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflammation. 

CUTTING  ON  THE  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 

CUTTLE  FISH,  Sepia. 

CUTTUBUTH,  Outubuth,  Leucomo'ria,  Me- 
lanehol'ia  errabund'a.  The  Arabian  physicians 
gave  this  name  to  a  species  of  melancholy,  ac- 
companied with  so  much  agitation,  that  the  pa- 
tients cannot  remain  tranquil  for  the  space  of  an 
hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Lauras  cinnamomum. 

CYANODERMIA,  Cyanopathy. 

CYAN'OGEN,  (F.)  Cyanogens;  from  mavos, 
'blue,'  and  ytwam,  'I  generate.'  So  called  from 
its  being  an  ingredient  in  Prussian  blue.  It 
forms,  with  oxygen,  the  cyanic  and  other  acids ; 
with  hydrogen,  the  hydrocyanic  acid. 

CYANOP'ATHY,  Cyanopathi'a,  Cyano'sis,  C. 
cardi'aca,  Cyanoder,mia,Acleitro-cardia  (Piorry), 
Havnato-cyano'sis,  Kyano'sis,  Morbus  caru'leus, 
Carulo'sis  neonatorum,  from  Kvavot,  'blue/  and 
*a$os,  'affection.'  (F.)  Cyanose,  Maladie  bleu, 
Ictire  bleu.  A  disease  in  which  the  surface  of 
the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It  is  often  symptom- 
atic, and  commonly  depends  on  a  direct  com- 
munication between  the  cavities  of  the  right 
and  left  side  of  the  heart  Such  communication 
does  not,  however,  always  occasion  the  blue  dis- 
ease, but  it  is  generally  thought  that  the  disease 
never  exists  without  this  state  of  parts ;  or  with- 
out some  obstacle  to  the  circulation  in  the  right 
lide  of  the  heart  The  blueness  does  not  seem 
to  be  owing  to  the  admixture  of  black  and  red 
blood.  A  child  affected  with  blueness  is  said  to 
be  cyanosed,  (P.)  Cyanosi. 

CYANOSE,  Cyanosis. 

CYANOSE,  see  Cyanosis, 

CYANOSIS,  Cyanopatby— c.  Pulmonalis,  Ate- 
lectasis pulmonum. 


CYANURETUM  FBBBO-ZINCICTTM,  End 

ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYAN  US,  Centaurea  cyanus — o.  JEgyptiaons, 
Nymphsea  nelumbo. 

Cy'anus  Seo"etuic,  Bluebottle,  (F.)  Bluet  dm 
3foissons,  Barbeau,  Aubi/oin,  Casse-  Lunettes. 
The  flowers  of  this  European  plant,  when  dis- 
tilled with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia. 

CYAR,  nap.  '  The  eye  of  a  needle,' '  a  small 
hole.'  The  Meatus  audito'rius  internus.  6ee 
Auditory  canal,  (internal.) 

CYATHIS'CUS,  diminutive  of  KvaSot,  'a  bowL* 
The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like  a  small 
spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY'ATHUS,  'a  bowL'  A  measure,  both  of  the 
liquid  and  dry  kind,  equal  to  about  an  ounce  and 
a  half,  or  to  the  tenth  part  of  a  pint  According 
to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

Cyathu8  Cerebri,  Infundibulnm  of  the  brain. 

CYBE,  Head. 

CYBIT0N,  Cubitus. 

CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYCAS  CIKCINALIS,  see  Sago— c.  RevoluU, 
see  Sago. 

CYC'EON,  from  «««#,'  I  mix  together.'  The 
ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consistence  of 
pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey,  floor, 
barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocrates. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPIUM,  Arthani'ta,  A. 
eye'lamen,  Cyclam'inus,  Cyssan'themon,  Oysso- 
phyl'lon,  Panisporci'nus,  Cas'amum,  Chyli'ni, 
'sow-bread.'  Fam,  Primulacess.  Sex,  SysU 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Pain  du  Porceau. 
The  fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic, 
and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gj.  For  external  use, 
see  Arthanita. 

CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  kwc\«s,  'a  circle/  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of  yean 
or  days.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 
a  certain  number  of  days.  Nine  was  the  usual 
number. 

Cycle,  Hebdox'adal  or  Heptal.  A  period  of 
seven  days  or  years,  which,  according  to  some, 
either  in  its  multiple  or  submultiple,  governs  an 
immense  number  of  phenomena  of  animal  life. 

CYCLISCU8,  Cyclismus. 

CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch,  Trochisfeus.  The 
name,  as  well  as  Cyclis'cus,  was  also  given  to  a 
circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  same  ety- 
mon as  cycle. 

CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  from  kvkXos,  'a  circle,' 
and  Kt<pa\rj,  'head.'  A  monster  whose  eyes  are 
in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHOR'IA,  from  kvk\os,  'a  circle,'  and 
<f>eou>,  '  I  bear.'  The  circulation  of  the  blood  or 
other  fluids. 

CYCLO'PIA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops.  State 
of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united  into  one. 
Called,  also,  Monops'ia  and  JRhinencephaVia. 

Cyclopia  GemtstoI'deb  j  Nat.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosffi.  A  South  African  plant,  the  decoction  and 
infusion  of  whioh  are  used  as  expectorants  in 
chronic  bronchitis  and  in  phthisis. 

CYCLOPS,  KvxXwt//,  from  kvkXos,  'an  orb  or 
circle,'  and  v\p,  'an  eye.'  Monoc'ulus,  Momops, 
Monophthalmus,  Monom'matus,  Unioc'vlus,  Unotf- 
ulus.  A  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
fabulous  Cyclops. 

CYCLOTOME,  Cyclofomus,  from  raX*,  «a 
circle,'  and  rspvuv,  'to  cut'  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  ring  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade,  by 
means  of  which  the  ball  of  the  eye  can  be  fixed, 
whilst  the  cornea  is  cut  It  was  invented  by  a 
surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Guerin,  for  extract* 
ing  the  cataract    It  is  not  used. 

CYCLUS,  Ciroulua, 


CYDONIA 


263 


CYNANCHE 


C5DONIA,  Pyrus  eydonia  —  c.  Maliformis, 
Pyrus  cydonia — o.  Vulgaris,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYDONIA'TUM,  Cydona'tum,  Dyacydonites. 
A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  mala  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices. — Paulus  of  JSgina. 

CYDONIUM  MALUM,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYE'MA,  Kvripa,  from  kvw,  *  I  conceive.'  Con- 
ception. Likewise  the  product  of  conception. 
See  Embryo  and  Foetus. 

CYESIOGNO'MON,  from  kvvvis,  'pregnancy/ 
and  yvufiuv,  '  a  sign,  a  token.'  A  sign  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOGNO'SIS,  from  m^ats,  'pregnancy/ 
and  ywffts,  'knowledge.'  Diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog"ia,  from  *»»/«*, 
'pregnancy/  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description/  The 
doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS,  Conception,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

CYLICH'NE,  Oylichnis.  A  pill-box  or  earth- 
enware pot,  or  small  cup;  from  xvXtf,  'a  cup.' — 
Galen,  Foesius. 

CYLINDRI,  see  Villous  membranes — o.  Mem- 
branacei  re n urn,  see  Calix. 

CYL'INBROID,  Cylindroi'des,  from  KvXivtpos, 
4 cylinder/  and  etSos,  'form.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Ammo- 
nia, Protuberance  cylindroide. 

CYLINDROIDES,  Teres. 

CYLLOEPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODA,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODION,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLO'SIS,  KvWucis.  Lameness,  mutilation, 
or  vicious  conformation.  —  Hippocrates,  Galen. 
See  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOSMUSj  from  kv\Xo<,  'crooked.'  A 
malformation  by  defect,  in  which  the  fissure  and 
eventration  aro  lateral,  chiefly  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  abdomen,  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  side 
affected  with  the  fissure  absent,  or  very  little  de- 
veloped.— Vogel. 

CYMATO'DES,  Undo'sus,  from  mua,  'a wave/ 
and  ti&os,  'resemblance.'  The  vacillating,  undu- 
latory  character  of  the  pulse  in  weak  individuals. 

CYMBA,  Vulva. 

CYMBALARIA  ELATINE,  Antirhinum  ela- 
tine — c.  Muralis,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

CYMBALARIS,  Cricoid. 

CYMBIFORME  OS,  Scaphoid  bone. 

CYMBOPOGON  SCIICENANTHUS,  Juncus 
odoratus. 

CYMINUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CYNAN'CHE,  Angi'na,  from  ««*,  'a  dog/ 
and  ay^w,  '  I  suffocate'  (?),  Sore  Throat,  Para- 
cynan'chi,  Synan'che,  Prunel'la,  Squinan'thia, 
Empres'ma  Paristhmi'tis,  Cauma  Paristhmi'tis, 
Isthmi'tis,  Paristhmi'tis,  Inflammatio  Fau'cium, 
'  Dog  ckoak.'  Inflammation  of  the  supradia- 
phragmatic portion  of  the  alimentary  canal,  and 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
air-passages: — (F.)  Angine,  Esquinancie,  Mai  do 
Gorge,  Synancie,  Squinancie,  Kinancie.  It  com- 
prises the  following  chief  varieties. 

Cynanche  Epidemica,  Cynanche  maligna — c. 
Externa,  C.  Parotidaea — c.  Faucium,  C.  tonsillaris 
— c  Gangrenosa,  Cynanche  maligna— c.  Laryn- 
gea,  Laryngitis. 

Cynanche  Malig'na,  C.  gangrano'sa,  Angi'na 
ulcero'sa,  Febris  epidem'ica  cum  Angi'nd,  Em- 
pres'ma Paristhmi'tis  Malig'na,  Tonsilla'rum  gan- 
grcefna,  Tonsil'la  pcstilcn'tes,  Cynanche  epidem'- 
ica, C.  pur'puro-parotida'a,  Oynanchl  ulcerosa, 
Epidem'ica  gutturis  lues,  Pestilent  fau'eium  affec'- 
tus,  Padan'choni  (?),  Gangrana  Tonsilla'rum, 
Xfleus  Syriacum,  Garrotil'lo,  Carbun'culus  angi- 
no'sus,  Angina  ulcusculo'sa,  A.  epidem'ica,  A. 
gangraeno'aa,  A.  malig'na,  A.  fau'eium  malig'na, 
Itthmoty'phus,  Putrid,  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat, 
Gangrenous  Inflammation  of  the  Pharynx,  (F.) 


Angine  gangrineuse,  A,  Maligne.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  crimson  redness  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  fauces  and  tonsils ;  ulcerations,  co- 
vered with  mucus,  and  spreading  sloughs,  of  an 
ash  or  whitish  hue ;  the  accompanying  fever  ty- 
phus. It  is  often  epidemic,  and  generally  conta- 
gious; and  is  frequently  found  accompanying 
scarlet  fever, — giving  rise  to  the  variety,  Scarla- 
tina maligna.  Cynanche  maligna  has  been  made 
to  include  both  diphtheritic  and  gangrenous  pha- 
ryngitis.    See  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

The  general  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  typhus; 
and  stimulant  antiseptic  gargles  must  be  used, 
consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction  of  bark 
and  muriatic  acid. 

Cynanche  Maxillaris,  c  Parotidaea — c.  (Eso- 
phagea,  Oesophagitis. 

Cynanche  Parotidje'a,  Empres'ma  Paroti'tis, 
Parotitis,  P.  epidem'ica,  P.  erysipelato'sa,  P. 
contagiosa,  P.  spu'ria,  P.  sero'so-glu'tini  tu'mens, 
Parot'ia,  Parotiditis,  Cynan'che  Parotide*,  C. 
exter'na,  Angina  maxilla'ris,  Gissa,  Angina  ex- 
terna, Angi'na  parotide' a  exter'na,  Erythrochos'- 
ras,  Cynan'che  maxilla'ris,  Genyocynan'chi,  Gna- 
thocynan'che,  Inflamma'tio  paro'tidum,  Infla'txo 
paro'tidum,  Catar'rhus  Bellinsula'nus,  iJranks 
(Scotch),  Mumps,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Paro- 
tide, Oreillons,  Ourles.  the  characteristic  symp- 
toms are : — a  painful  tumour  of  the  parotid  gland, 
or  of  the  cellular  tissue  surrounding  it,  or  of  both, 
not  of  the  suppurative  kind ;  frequently  extend- 
ing to  the  maxillary  gland.  It  is  very  conspicu- 
ous externally,  and  is  often  accompanied  with 
swelling  of  the  testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the 
mammas  in  the  female ;  the  testes  being  some- 
times absorbed  afterwards.  It  is  generally  epi- 
demic, and  apparently  contagious.  (?)  The  treat- 
ment is  very  simple ;  the  adoption  merely  of  the 
antiphlogistic  plan,  under  which  it  usually  soon 
disappears.  When  inflammation  of  the  mammss 
or  testes  supervenes,  it  must  be  treated  as  if  idio- 
pathic. 

Epidem'ic  Paroti'tit  or  Mumps  is  also  termed 
Paroti'tit  polymor'pha,  P.  epidem'ica,  P.  spe- 
cif'ica. 

Cynanche  Pharynoe'a,  Empres'ma  Paris- 
thmi'tis Pharyngca,  Isthmi'tis,  Pharyngi' tie,  In- 
flamma'tio  Pharyn'gis,  Parasynan'chi,  Angina 
inflammatories,  Sp.  iv.  —  (Boerhaave.)  (F.)  An- 
gine  Pharyngie,  Catarrhe  pharyngien.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This  disease  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment,  from  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. The  same  may  be  remarked  of  the  Cynan- 
che (Esophage'a,  (Esophagi' 'tis. 

Cynanche  Prunella,  C.  Tonsillaris — o.  Pur- 
puro-pnrotidsea,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Simplex, 
Isthmitis — c.  Stridula,  C.  trachealis. 

Cynanche  Tonsillaris,  Empresma  Paris- 
thmi'tis  Tonsilla'ris,  Synan'chi,  Cynan'che  fau- 
cium Amygdali'tis,  Brand,  Branchi,  Hyan'che", 
Tonsilli'tis,  Cynanche"  Prunel'la,  Paristh'mia, 
Paristhmi'tis,  Dyepha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Anti- 
adi'tis,  Angina  inflammato'ria,  A.  cum  tumo'ri, 
A.  tonsillaris,  A.  Synocha'lis,  A.  Sanguin'ea,  A* 
vera  et  legit' ima,  Inflamma'tio  Tonsilla' rum,  An  • 
tiadon'cus  inflammato'rius,  Inflammatory  Sore 
Throat,  Common  Squinancy,  Squinsy  or  Quinsy, 
(F.)  Amygdalite,  Inflammation  des  Amygdalet, 
Angine  tonsillaire,  Pharyngite  tonsillaire,  Esqui- 
nancie,  Squinancie,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Angine  gut- 
tural c  inflammatoire.  The  characteristic  symp- 
toms of  this  affection  are,  swelling  and  florid 
redness  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
and  especially  of  the  tonsils;  painful  and  im- 
peded deglutition,  accompanied  with  inflamma- 
tory fever.  It  is  generally  ascribed  to  coli,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  common  affections  of  odd  and 


CYNANCHICA 


264 


CYOTROPHT 


temperate  climates.  It  usually  goes  off  by  reso- 
lution, but  frequently  ends  in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  When 
more  violent,  —  in  addition  to  this,  —  bleeding, 
local  or  general,  or  both, — purgatives,  inhalation 
of  the  steam  of  warm  water ;  acid,  or  emollient 
gargles ;  rubefacients  externally,  or  sinapisms  or 
blisters.  When  suppuration  must  inevitably 
occur,  the  continued  use  of  the  inhaler  must  be 
advised,  and  an  opening  be  made  into  the  abscess 
as  soon  as  pus  shall  have  formed.  If  the  patient 
be  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the  tumefaction, 
bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Cvnajtchb  Traces  a'  lis;  the  Cynanche  laryn- 
gtta  of  some,  Suffoca'tio  strid'ula,  Angi'na  perni- 
cio'sa,  Asthma  infan'tum,  Cynanche  strid'ula,  Ca- 
tar'rhus  suffocati'vus  Barbaden'sis,  Angina  poly- 
po'sa  sive  membrana'cea  sive  pulpo'sa,  Emprer- 
ma  Bronchi' tis,  E.  Bronchlemmi'tis,  Angina  in- 
jlammato'ria,  A.  suffocato'ria,  A.  etrepito'sa, 
Angina  canina,  A,  exsudato'ria,  Laryngi'tie  et 
Tracheitis  infantilis,  Laryngos'tasis  seu  La- 
ryngo-trachei'tis,  Laryngo- tracheitis  with  diph- 
theritic exuda'tion,  Laryngoc'aci,  Orthopnea  cy- 
nan'chica,  Cynanchorthopnoz'a,  Paedanchoni  (f ), 
A,  Trachea'lis,  Morbus  Strangulate' rius,  Trachi'- 
tis,  Trachei'tis,  Trachelitis,  Biphtheri'tis  traehe- 
a'lis, Expectora'tio  Sol'ida,  Cauma  Bronchi'tis, 
Group,  Roup,  Hives,  Choak,  Stuffing,  Rising  of 
the  lights,  (P.)  Angine  laryngie  et  trachSale,  La- 
ryngite  avec  production  defausses  membranes,  La- 
ryngite  pseudo-membraneuse.  A  disease  charac- 
terized t>y  sonorous  and  suffocative  breathing,* 
harsh  voice ;  cough,  ringing,  or  like  the  barking 
of  a  dog ;  fever,  highly  inflammatory.  It  is  apt 
to  be  speedily  attended  with  the  formation  of  a 
false  membrane,  which  lines  the  trachea  beneath 
the  glottis,  and  occasions  violent  dyspnoea  and 
suffocation,  but  is  sometimes  expectorated.  The 
dyspnoea,  as  in  all  other  affections  of  the  air- 
passages,  has  evident  exacerbations.  It  differs 
in  its  character  in  different  situations ;  being  in- 
finitely more  inflammatory  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects 
children,  and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent 
attacks  are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  rule,  it  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or  neck, 
so  as  to  induce  paleness  *  leeches  applied  to  the 
neck,  Ac,  according  to  the  age, — the  warm  bath, 
blisters  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives. 
Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be,  if  this  plan  be 
followed  early,  it  will  generally  be  successful. 
Many  specifics  have  been  recommended,  but 
the  search  has  been  idle  and  fruitless.  The 
majority  of  oases  of  what  are  called  croup  are 
not  of  this  inflammatory  cast;  but  are  more  of  a 
spasmodic  character,  and  have  been  termed  by 
the  French  faux  croups,  and  with  us.  are  occa- 
sionally termed  spasmodic  croup.  They  generally 
yield  to  an  emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

Cynahche  Trachbalis  Spasxodica,  Asthma 
aeutum,  A.  Thymioum  —  c  Uloerosa,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

CYNAN'CHICA.  Medicines  used  in  oases  of 
quinsy  were  formerly  so  called. 

CYANCHORTHOPNCEA,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealie. 

CYNAN'CHUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus  of 
plants,  Nat,  Ord.  Asclepiadacess,  of  which  the 
following  are  used  in  medicine. 

Cyhanchum  Argel,  0.  olesefolium — c.  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Asclepias  asthmatics. 

OrxAircHmr  Moicspbliacum,  Seam'mony  of 
MontpiWer.   The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish  kind 


of  gum-resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  bat  littl 
used. 

CrifANCHUM  Oleafo'lium,  C.  argel,  Soleno 
stem' ma  argel,  Argel.  An  Egyptian,  Nubian  an« 
Arabian  shrub,  the  leaves  of  which  form  a  por- 
tion of  most  samples  of  Alexandrian  senna. 
They  resemble  senna  in  their  action. 

Cysanchum  Vixcetoxiccm,  Asclepias  vince- 
toxicum. 

CrNANcnrnc  Vohito'rium,  Ipecacuanha  of  the 
Isle  of  France.  As  its  name  imports,  this  plant 
resembles  ipecacuanha  in  properties.  It  is  emetic, 
in  the  dose  of  from  12  to  24  grains  of  the  powder. 

CYNANTHEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 

CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  *««•*,  'dog,'  and 
av&ptavoc,  'man.'  A  variety  of  melancholia,  in 
which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  into 
a  dog;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animaL 

CYN'ARA,  C.  ScoVymus,  Cin'ara  scoVynme. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Artichoke,  Alcoc'- 
alum,  Articoc'alus,  Artiscoc'cus  I  avis,  Costue  ni- 
gra, Car'duus  sati'vus  non  spino'sus,  Cinara  hor- 
ten' sis,  Scolymus  sati'vus,  Car'duus  sativus,  Car- 
duus  domest'icus  cap'iti  majo'ri,  Carduus  al' tilts, 
(F.)  Artichaut.  Family,  Carduacece.  Sex,  SysU 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  squalls.  Indigenous  in 
the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Much  used  as  an 
agreeable  article  of  diet  The  juice  of  the  leaves, 
mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been  given  in  dropsies. 

CYN'ICUS,  Cyno'des,  from  «v»r,  'a  dog.* 
Cynic.  Relating  to,  or  resembling  a  dog.  Cynic 
spasm  is  a  convulsive  contraction  of  the  muscles 
of  one  side  of  the  face, — dragging  the  eye,  cheek, 
mouth,  nose,  Ac,  to  one  side.     See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCCS  FOLII,  see  Quercus  in. 
fectoria. 

CYNOCOPRUS,  Album  graacum. 

CYNOCRAMBE,  Mercurialis  perennis. 

CYN0CT0N0N,  Aconitum. 

CYNOCYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNODEC'TOS,  from  kvuv,  'a  dog,'  and  in**, 
*  I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a  dog.— 
Dioscorides. 

CYNODES,  Cynicus. 

CYNODESMION,  Frsenum  penis. 

CYNODESMUS,  Fraanum  penis. 

CYNODONTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYNOGLOS'SUM,  from  rv*>»,  'a  dog,'  and 
yXfaxxffa,  '  a  tongue.'  Cynoglos'sum  ojficina'li  sea 
oi'color,  Lingua  Cani'na,  Hound's  tongue,  Cabal- 
la' t  ion,  (F.)  Langue  de  Chien.  Family,  Boragi- 
nese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It  is 
aromatic  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

OYNOLOPHOI,  Spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebrae. 

CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYNOMETRA  AGALLOCHUM,  AgaUochum. 

CYNOMOIA,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIN'EUM,  ,from  a>«», 
'a  dog,'  and  uopiov,  'the  penis.'  (F.)  Champignon 
de  Malte.  Improperly  called  Fungus  Mcliten'sis, 
or  Fungus  of  Malta,  as  it  is  not  a  fungus.  The 
powder  has  been  given  as  an  astringent  in  he- 
morrhage, dysentery,  Ac. 

CYNOREXIA,  Boulimia. 

CYNORRHODON,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSBATOS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSORCHIS,  Orchis  mascula. 

CYNOSPASTUM,  Rosa  canina. 

CYON,  kvwv.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  frtenum  of  the  prepuce ;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPHORIA,  Pregnancy. 

CYOT'ROPHY,  Cyotroph'ia,  Embryofrophy, 
Embryotroph'ia,  from  kvos,  '  embryo,'  and  tm>$up, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  of  the  embryo.  Foetal 
nutrition. 


CYPARIS8US 


246 


CTSTIDOBBHEXIS 


CYPARISSTJS,  Cupreetus  sempervirens. 
CYPERUS  ANTIQUORUM,  Lawsonia  iner- 
mifl — c  Indicus,  Curcuma  longa, 

Cype'rus  Longcs,  C.  Roma'nus,  from  nxafos, 
*  a  round  vessel/  which  its  roots  have  been  said 
to  resemble.  Oalangale,  (F.)  Souchet  odorant. 
It  possesses  aromatio  and  bitter  properties,  bat  is 
not  used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Odorus,  Dorstenia  con  tray  erva — 0. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva — c  Romanus, 
C.  longus. 

Ctperus  Rotuk'dus,  C.  tctras'tachys,  the  Round 
Cype'rus,  (F.)  Souchet  rond.  It  is  a  more  grate- 
fully aromatio  bitter  than  the  0.  longus. 
Cyperus  Tstrastachys,  G.  rotundas. 
CYPHO'MA,  Cyvhos,  Cypko'sis,  Cyrto'ma,  Oyr- 
to' sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  nfos,  'gibbous.' 
Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Vertebral  Column, 
Ac.  Cyrtosis  forms  a  genus  in  the  order  Dys- 
tket'ica,  and  class  Hmmat'ica  of  Good,  and  is  de- 
fined: 'head  bulky,  especially  anteriorly;  stature 
short  and  incurvated;  flesh  flabby,  tabid,  and 
wrinkled.'     It  includes  Cretinism,  and  Rickets. 

CYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas,  see  Hump,  and  Ky- 
phosis. 

CYPRES,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPRESS,  Cupressus  sempervirens— 0.  Tree, 
Liriodendron. 

CYP'RINUM  O'LETJM,  Oil  0/  Cypress;  pre- 
pared of  olive  oil,  cypress  flowers,  calamus,  myrrh, 
cardamom,  inula,  bitumen  of  Judsea,  Ac.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  certain  diseases  of  the 
uterus,  pleurisies,  Ac,  and  was  regarded  to  be 
both  stimulant  and  emollient 

CYPRIPE'DITJM  ACATJ'LE,  Stemless  Ladies' 
Slipper;  Moccasin  Flower ;  indigenous;  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  The  roots  are  used  by  steam- 
doctors  in  nervous  diseases,  like  valerian. 

Cypripedium  Calceolub,  C.  Luteum — c.  Fla- 
vescens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cypripe'diuk  Lu'teum,  C.  Calce'olus,  C.  Flo- 
ves'cens,  C.  Pubes'cens,  C.  Parviflo'rum,  Yellow 
ladies'  slipper,  Moc'casin  flower,  Yellows,  Bleed- 
ing heart,  Amer'ican  tale' ri an,  Yellow  umbil,  male 
Mervine,  Noah' 9  ark,  (F.)  Sabot  de  YSnus  iaune. 
An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Order,  Orchidacesa, 
which  is  found  all  over  the  United  States ;  blos- 
soming in  May  and  June.  The  root  is  considered 
to  be  antispasmodic,  and  is  used  in  the  same 
eases  as  valerian. 

Cypripediuh  Parvtfloruk,  C  Luteum  —  0. 
Pubeecens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cypripedium  Spectab'ilB,  Showy  ladies'  flip- 
per,  is  the  most  beautiful  of  the  genus. 

CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 

CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 

CYRCEON,  Anus. 

CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYRTOMA,  Curvatnre,  Cyphoma. 

CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 

CYSSANTHEMON,  Cyclamen. 

CYSSARUS,  Anus,  Rectum. 

CYSSOPHYLLON,  Cyclamen. 

CYS'SOTIS,  from«iffof,  'the  anus.'  The  lower 
part  of  the  rectum :  tenesmus. 

CYST,  Kyst 

CYSTAL'GIA,  CystidaVgia,  from  nans,  'the 
bladder/  and  aXyos,  '  pain.'   Pain  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from™*™*,  'a  blad- 
der,' and  anencepha'lia,  'absence  of  brain.'  A 
monstrosity,  in  which,  in  place  of  a  brain,  a 
bladder  is  found  filled  with  fluid.— G.  St  Hilaire. 

CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA,  Cystotrachelotom'ia, 
Cystidotrachelotom'ia,  from  nans,  'a  bladder,' 
avgw,  'the  neck,'  and  rofirj,  'incision.'  An  inci- 
sion into  the  neck  of  the  bladder.  See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  vesi'ca  urina'ri*, 
Callosfita*  vesi'caj  from  marts,   'bladder/  and 


avfr,  'increase.'    Hypertrophy  of  the  ooats  of 
the  urinary  bladder. — Fuohs.  See  Cysthypersar- 


CYSTECTASY,  Litheetasy. 
CYSTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  nans,  'bladder/ 
and  Kt<paXrj,  'head.'    A  monster  having  a  head 
with  a  vesicular  brain. — G.  St  Hilaire. 

CYSTEOL'ITHOS,  from  nans,  'the  bladder/ 
and  \i$ot,  '  a  stone.'  Stone  in  the  bladder.  Also, 
a  medicine,  employed  to  dissolve  or  break  stone. 
CYSTERETHIS'MUS,  Vesi'ca  Irritabil'itas  ; 
from  nans,  'the  bladder/  and<pc0i{w,  'I  irritate.'  . 
Irritability  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,  from  nans, '  the  bladder/ 
and  'n*ap,  'the  liver.'  Belonging  to  the  gall- 
bladder and  liver.  This  name  was  given,  for- 
merly, to  imaginary  excretory  duets  for  the  bile, 
which  were  supposed  to  pass  directly  from  the 
liver  to  the  gall-bladder. 

CYSTHEPATOLITHrASIS,CV«trf«pato^At'- 
asis,  Cholelith'ia,  Cholelithi'aais,  from  nans,  'the 
bladder/  'n**p,  'the  liver/  and  XiSiaote,  'pain 
caused  by  a  calculus.'  The  aggregate  of  pheno- 
mena caused  by  the  presence  of  biliary  calculi. 
See  Calculi,  biliary. 
CYSTHITIS,  Kysthitia. 
CYSTHUS,  Anas. 

CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS,  from  nans,  blad- 
der/ 'vxtp,  'over/  and  aapntats,  'a  fleshy  growth  r* 
Excrescen'Ha  Vesica  unna'rus.  A  fleshy  thick- 
ening of  the  coats  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTIC,  Cys'ticus,  from  nans,  'a  bladder.' 
Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder. 

Cystic  Artery,  Arte'ria  Cystica,  is  given  off 
from  the  right  branch  of  the  hepatic,  and  divides 
into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the  gall- 
bladder. It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic  veins, 
which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdominalis. 

Cystic  Bile.  Bile  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladdor. 

Cystic  Calculi.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Duct,  Ductus  cys'ticus,  Mea'tus  cys'ti- 
cus.  The  duct  proceeding  from  the  gall-bladder, 
which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms  the 
ductus  communis  choledochus. 
Cystic  Oxide  Calculi,  see  Calculi. 
Cystic  Sarco'ma,  of  Ab'ernetht,  Ernphtfma 
Sarcoma  cellulo'sum.  Tumour,  cellulose  or  cys- 
tose;  cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized,  con- 
taining seroos  fluid;  sometimes  caseous.  Found 
in  the  thyroid  gland  (forming  bronchocele,)  testis, 
ovarium,  Ac. 

CYS'TICA,  Cystic  Remedies,  Such  medicines 
as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  combating 
diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  tromnarts,  'a  bladder/  and 
Ktoicos, '  a  tail.'    A  genus  of  entoioa  of  the  family 
ox  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the  caudal 
vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or  slightly  de> 
pressed  body  of  the  animal  terminates.   The  Oys- 
ticerfcus  cellulo'sa  seu  cellulo'sa,  Hy'datis  Jinna, 
has  been  often  found  in  the  cellular  membrane. 
CYSTIDALGIA,  Cystalgia. 
CYSTIDELCO'SIS,  from  nans,  'bladder/  and 
'tXxwTif, '  ulceration.'    Suppuration  or  ulceration 
of  the  urinary  bladder. 
CYSTIDEPATICUS,  Hepatocystic 
CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithi* 
asis. 
CYSTIDOBLBNNORRHCEA,  Cystirrhaa, 
CYSTIDOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTIDOCELE,  Cystocele. 
CYSTIDOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTIDORRHAGIA,  Cystorrhagia. 
CY6TID0RRHEXIS,  Cystorrheaii. 


CTSTEDORRHCKA 


26* 


CTSTOSAKCOMA 


CT3TIDORRHCBA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,  Cystosomatoto- 
mia. 

CYSTIDOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic, 

CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDOTOMIA,  Cystotomia. 

CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 

CYSTINURIA,  Urine,  cystinio. 

CYSTINX,  Vesicula. 

CYSTIPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTIRRHAG"IA,  from  gvans,  'the  bladder/ 
and  prjyrvw, '  I  break  forth.'  Hemorrhage  from  the 
bladder,  (P.)  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Vessie.  By  some 
used  synonymously  with  cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIRRHEUMA,  Cystorrheuma. 

CYSTIRRHCE'A,  from  merit,  'the  bladder/ 
and  pcu,  '  I  flow.'  Paru'ria  Stillatif'tia  Mueo'sa, 
Blennu'ria,  Blennorrhea  a  urina'lis,  B.  vesi'ca, 
Cysto-blennorrhoe'a,  Cyetorrhce'a,  Cystido-blennor- 
rhct'd,  Ischu'ria,  Cyato-phlegmat'ica,  Tenesmus 
Vesi'ca  Muco'sus,  Uri'na  mueo'sa,  Cystocatar*- 
rhtu,  Cystido-catar'rhus,  Cystidorrhce'a,  Urocysto- 
catar'rhus,  Dysu'ria  Mnco'sa,  Pyu'ria  Mucosa, 
P.  vis'cida,  P.  sero'sa,  Morbus  ey stophlegmat'icus, 
Gator1  rhus  vesi'ca,  (F.)  Cystite  muqueuee,  Flux 
mugueux  de  la  r«ti«,  Catarrhe  vesical.  A  copious 
discharge  of  mueds  from  the  bladder,  passing  out 
with  the  urine,  and  generally  attended  with  dysu- 
ria.  It  is  commonly  dependent  upon  an  inflam- 
matory or  subinflammatory  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane.  The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by 
the  cause.  If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extrane- 
ous body :  the  antiplogistic  plan, — the  exhibition 
of  warm  diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a 
perspirable  state,  by  wearing  flannel,  are  indi- 
cated. Some  of  the  turpentines  may,  at  times, 
be  given  with  advantage ;  and  astringent  or  other 
appropriate  injections  be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 

CYSTIS,  Follicle,  Urinary  bladder— c.  Cho- 
ledoohus,  Gall-bladder — o.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder 
o.  Serosa,  Hygroma. 

CYSTITE,  Cystitis— c.  Mugueuse,  Cystitis. 

CYSTFTIS,  from  kvcus,  'the  bladder.'  In~ 
fiamma'lio  Vesi'ca,  Empres'ma  Cysti'tis,  Cysti'tis 
u'rica,  Uro-cysti'tis,  Cystiphlo'gia,  Cystophlo'gia, 
Jnflammmation  of  the  bladder,  (F.)  Cystite,  In- 
flammation de  la  vessie ;  characterized  by  pain 
and  swelling  in  the  hypogastric  region ;  discharge 
of  urine  painful  or  obstructed,  and  tenesmus.  It 
may  affect  one  or  all  of  the  membranes;  but  com- 
monly it  is  confined  to  the  mucous  ooaL  In  the 
chronic  condition,  it  appears  in  the  form  of  cys- 
tirrhoea. It  must  be  treated  upon  the  same  en- 
ergetic principles  as  are  required  in  other  cases 
of  internal  inflammation.  Venesection,  general 
and  local,  the  warm  bath,  warm  fomentations, 
warm,  soothing  enemata,  diluents,  Ac.  Cantha- 
rides  must  be  avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blis- 
ters, unless  with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is 
often  occasioned  by  them. 

Cystitis  Fkllba,  Cholecystitis— -c.  Urica,  Cys- 
titis. 

CTSTITOME,  Cystit'omus,  KtbWiitome,  from 
KVTrtf,  'the  bladder/  and  rtumv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument,  invented  by  Lafaye,  for  dividing  the 
anterior  part  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline  in 
the  operation  for  extracting  cataract  It  was 
formed  like  the  Pharyngotome. 

CYSTOBLAST,  Cyto'blast 

CYSTO-BLENNORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE,  from  *wru,  'the 
bladder/  flovfav,  'the  groin/  and  njAii,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring. 

CYSTO-CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOCBIjB,  Oystoce'lia,  Oistoce'ti,  Cystido- 


ee'U,  from  K90nt,  'the  bladder/  and  *n\%  'a  to* 
moor,'  Her'nia  vesi'ca  urina'ria,  Hernia  of  th* 
bladder,  (F.)  Hemic  de  la  Ve—ie.  It  is  not  com- 
mon. It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the  abdomi- 
nal ring ;  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  perinaeum, 
vagina,  and  foramen  thyroideum.  It  may  exist 
alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac,  containing 
some  abdominal  viscus.  The  tumour  is  soft  and 
fluctuating;  disappears  on  pressure,  and  increases 
in  size,  when  the  urine  is  retained.  It  must  be 
reduced  and  kept  in  position  by  a  truss.  Vagi- 
nal cystocele  is  kept  in  place  by  a  pessary. 

Ctstocbl*  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesicala 
fellese. 

CYSTODYN'IA,  from  «<mf,  'the  bladder/ 
and  oivvn,  'pain.'  Pain  of  the  bladder;  particu- 
larly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTOID,  CystoVdeus,  Cyst-like,  from  nwrt* 
'a  bladder  or  cyst,'  and  uios,  'resemblance. 
That  which  resembles  a  cyst,  as  '  cystoid  tumour. 

CYSTO-LITHIASIS,  see  Calculi,  vesksaL 

CYSTO-LITH'IC,  Cystolith'icus,  from1  mri* 
'the  bladder/  and  >«$•$>  'a  stone.'  Relating  to 
stone  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOMA,  see  Kyst 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  won*,  'the  blad- 
der,' ftipos,  '  the  thigh/  and  01X9,  '  hernia.'  Fe- 
moral hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  protruding 
beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTOX'CUS,  from  moth,  'the  bladder/  and 
oyicot,  '  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPARAI/YSIS,  Cyst idoparal'y wis,  Cys- 
tidople'gia,  Cystople'gia,  Cy  staple*' in,  from  cvr- 
ns,  '  bladder,'  and  wapaXwts,  *  palsy.'  Paralysis 
of  the  urinary  bladder.     See  Enuresis. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlegmafieus, 
from  Kvtms,  '  the  bladder/  and  ^Acypa, '  mucus, 
phlegm.'  Belonging  to  the  vesical  mucus.  Mor- 
bus cyntophlegmat'icus.     Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  vesica'lis,  from 
averts,  'the  bladder/  and  <p6it*f  'I  consume.' 
Consumption  from  ulceration  of  the  bladder,— 
Ul'eera  seu  Helco'sis  vesi'ca. 

CYSTOPLAS'TIC,  Cystoplas'ticus:  from  »<rr<s, 
'  the  bladder/  and  vXaeow,  *  I  form.'  An  epithet 
for  operations  for  the  cure  of  fistulous  openings 
into  the  bladder;  sometimes  restricted  to  the  cure 
by  translation  of  skin  from  a  neighbouring  part. 

CYSTOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPLEG"IC,  Oystopleg"icus.  Belonging 
to  paralysis  of  the  bladder;  from  kvotk,  'the 
bladder/  and  rXwra,  'I  strike/ 

CYSTOPLEX'IA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from  mens,  'the  bladder/ 
and  rtvrctv,  '  to  fall.'  Relaxation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into  the 
canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'icus,  from  icvtmt,  'the 
bladder/  and  wvov,  '  pus.'  Relating  to  suppura- 
tion of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOB.B.H.AQ"IA,ffanatu'ria  cystica,  Ha- 
morrhag"ia  vesi'ca,  Stranguria  cruen'ta,  San'- 
guinis  fluor  vesi'ca,  from  Kv<rri(f  '  the  bladder/ 
and  payn,  '  rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood  from 
the  vessels  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEU'MA,  Cystirrheu'ma,  Rheuma- 
tis'mus  vesi'ca  urina'ria;  from  cvotk,  '  the  blad- 
der/ and  pevpa,  'defluxion/  rheumatism/  Rheu- 
matism of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEX'IS,  Cystidorrhex'is ;  from  km* 
rit,  '  bladder/  and  'pn{tsf  *  rupture.'  Rupture  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOSARCO'MA,  from  mens,  'a  bladder  or 
cyst,'  and  sarcoma.  A  tumour  consisting  of  a 
combination  of  cysts  and  oystoids,  so  called  by 
J.  Mttller. 


CTSTOSOMATOMIA 


267 


DACRYOPCBUS 


CYSTOSOMATOM'IA,  Oystoaomatotom'ia,  Cys- 
tidosomatotom'ia,  from  icveris,  'the  bladder/  ataua, 
'body/  and  t©/hj,  'incision/  An  incision  into 
the  body  of  the  bladder. 

CY8TOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TIC,  Cyrtospae'ticus,  from  irwrij, 
'the  bladder/  and  wau,  'I  contract'  Relating 
to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  particularly  of  its 
sphincter;  —  Cystidospastmus,  Spasmus  Vesi'ca, 
Isehu'ria  spasmod'iea,  (P.)  Spasme  de  la  Vessie. 

CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA,  Oystidostenocho'ria, 
Strietu'ra  vesi'ca,  Vesi'ca  sacca'ta.  A  stricture, 
narrowness,  inequality  or  saocated  condition  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTOTHROM'BOro,CyrfofArom&ol'tf«»,from 
KWTit,  'the  bladder/  and  Spofifios,  'a  clot'  Relat- 
ing to  the  presence  of  clots  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOTOME,  Cystotomus,  from  Kwrit,  'the 
I  ladder/  and  rtuvtiv,  'to  cut'  An  instrument 
Intended  for  cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments 
of  this  kind  have  been  more  frequently,  although 
Tery  improperly,  called  Lithotome*. 

CYSTOTOM'IA,  Cystidotom'ia,  same  etymon. 
Incision  of  the  bladder.  Sectio  vesica'lis.  Cys- 
totomia  means  cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any 
purpose;  (F.)  Incision  de  la  vessie.  Commonly, 
it  is  applied  to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder  for 
the  purpose  of  removing  the  urine ;  whilst  Litho- 
tomy has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made 
with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  from  the 
bladder.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto- 
mia.    See  Lithotomy. 

CYT'INUS,  Cytinus  Sypocisfis,  ffypocisfis, 
As1  arum  ffypocisfis.  A  small  parasitical  plant, 
which  grows  in  the  south  of  France  and  in  Greece, 
on  the  roots  of  the  woody  cistus.  The  juice  of  its 
fruit  is  acid,  and  very  astringent  It  is  extracted 
by  expression,  and  converted  into  an  extract,  which 
was  called  Suceus  Hy pods' tidis,  and  was  formerly 
much  used  in  hemorrhages,  diarrhoea,  <ko. 


CYTISPNA,  Oytisine.  An  immediate  vege- 
table principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  Cy stint  Labur'nim  or 
Bean-Trefoil  tree.  Family,  Leguminosse.  Sex* 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cjtisine  has  ana- 
logous properties  to  emetine.  In  the  dose  of  one 
or  two  grains,  it  produces  vomiting  and  purging; 
and,  In  a  stronger  dose,  acts  as  an  acrid  poison. 
The  seeds  of  the  Cytisus  Laburnum,  (F.)  Aubours, 
have  been  long  known  to  produce  vomiting  and 
purging. 

CYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema—  c.  Herpes, 
Herpes. 

CYTISO-GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium, 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina— a 
Scoparius,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTPTIS,  Scyti'tis,  Bcrmati'tis,  Dermi'tis, 
Cuti'tis,  Corii'tis,  from  Kvrts,  'the  skin/  and 
itis,  '  denoting  inflammation/  Inflammation  of 
the  akin. 

CY'TOBLAST,  Cystobfast,  from  kvtos,  'cell/ 
and  ftXarrot,  'germ/  Cell-germ,  Ku'cleus,  (F.) 
Noyau.  A  primary  granule,  from  which  all  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be 
formed.  When  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a 
cell,  and  is  attached  to  its  walls,  the  germinal 
cell,  thus  formed,  is  called  a  nucleated  eelL 
"When  the  nucleus  con  tarns  a  simple  granule,  the 
latter  is  termed  a  nucleolus,  (F.)  Xiucliole,  Nu- 
eUolule. 

CYTOBLASTE'MA  ;  same  etymon.  IntereeV- 
lulnr  substance,  Hy' aline  substance,  Substantia 
vitrea  seu  hyal'ina,  Matrix.  The  gum  or  mucus 
in  the  vegetable,  and  probably  the  liquor  san- 
guinis after  transudation  from  the  vessels  in  the 
animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared  for  the  formation 
of  the  tissues.  —  Schwann  and  Pchleiden.  By 
many,  Blastema  is  preferred,  inasmuch  as  it  doet 
not  convey  the  idea  of  cellular  development 

CYTTAROS,  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  A,  according  to  Galen, 
was  the  sign  for  quartan  fever. 

DABACH,  Viscum  album. 

DACNE'RON,  Saxvvpov,  from  SaKvetv,  'to  bite/ 
An  ancient  name  for  a  collyrium,  composed  of 
exide  of  copper,  pepper,  cadmia,  myrrh,  saffron, 
gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

DACRY,  Dae'rymat  Dac'ryon,  Saxpv,  iatpvfia, 
imxpcov, '  a  tear :'  Hence : 

DACRY ADENAL 'GIA,  Dacryoadenal'gia, 
from  6aKpv(*r  '  I  weep/  ainv,  '  a  gland/  and  aXyos, 
'pain/    Disease  or  pain  in  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DAORYADENI'TIS,  Daeryoddeni'Hs :  from 
6aicpv<»,  '  I  weep/  aSrjv, '  a  gland/  and  ids.  In- 
flammation of  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRY  ALL(EO'SIS,  from  Saicpv,  'a  tear/  and 
aXXotvcti,  'change/  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
tears. 

DACRYDION,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  iayvu,  'I  weep/ and 
ytXau,  '  I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in  which 
the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same  time. 

DACRYH.EMOR'RHYSIS:  from  oasev,  'a 
tear/  and  'ajpoppwif,  '  hemorrhage/  A  flow  of 
bloody  tears. 

DACRYNOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRYOADENALGIA,  Dacryadenalgia. 

DACRYO ADENITIS,  Dacryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLEXNORRHCE'A,  from  ta*pvo>,  'I 
weep/  &\tm,  'mucus/  and  pro,  'I  flow/  Dis- 
charge of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 


DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  oa/epww,  'I  weep/ 
(writ,  '  a  sac/  and  a\yos,  '  pain/  Disease  or  pain 
in  the  lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTITIS,  from  iaspvov,  'a  tear/ 
and  kvotis,  '  bladder/  Inflammation  of  the  lach- 
rymal sac. 

DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; 
from  dacryoeystis,  the  'lachrymal  sac/  evpiyf,  'a 
pipe,  a  fistula,'  and  Karaiclcioig,  'a  locking  up/ 
A  term,  proposed  by  Dieffenbnch  for  the  healing 
of  lachrymal  fistulas  by  transplantation.  The 
operation  consists  in  paring  the  edges  of  the  fis- 
tula, loosening  the  borders,  and  assisting  the  re- 
quisite tegumental  displacement  by  lateral  inci- 
sions. 

DACRYO'DES,  LacKrymo'sus,  from  iatpv*,  'I 
weep/  Resembling  tears : — Hence,  Ulcus  dat*y- 
o'des.    A  sanious  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  Dacryol'ithus,  from  &a*py+, 
'I  weep/  and  ><0o?t  'a  stone/  A  concretion 
found  in  the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACRYOLITHFASIS ;  same  etymon  as  the 
last     The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  tears. 

DACRYO'MA.  Same  etymon.  The  effusion 
of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the  punCta 
lachrymalia. — Vogel. 

DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPOE'US,  from  *«*(*>«,  'I  weep/  and 
*ott»,  'I  make/    A  substance  which  excites  the 


DACRYOPS 


268 


DAPHNE 


secretion  of  tears,  —  as  the  onion,  hone-radish, 
garlic,  Ac. 

DACRYOPS,  from  oaKfvia,  'I  weep/  and  «^, 
'the  eye/  A  weeping  eye.  A  tumefaction  of 
the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACRYOPYORRH<E'A,  Pyorrhce'a  via'rum 
lachryma'lium,  from  SaKpy,  'a  tear/  miov,  'pus/ 
and  pew,  '  to  flow.'  A  discharge  of  tears  mixed 
with  purulent  matter. 

DACRYORRHCB'A,  DacryrrhoSa,  Eacryor'- 
rhysis,  Dacryr'rhysis,  from  Saxpv,  'a  tear,'  and 
pew,  '  to  flow.'    A  morbid  flux  of  tears. 

DACRYORRIIYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from  hatov,  'a  tear/ 
ewXnv,  '  a  canal/  and  if  is,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  lachrymal  ducts. 

DACRYOSYRINX,  Fistula  lachrymalia. 

DACRYRRHCEA,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACRYRRHYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACTYLE'THRA,  Daetyli'thra,  from  Sambos, 
4  a  finger.'  A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  dif- 
ferent topical  applications,  having  the  form  of  a 
finger,  and  proper  for  being  introduced  into  the 
throat  to  excite  vomiting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylua. 

DACTYL'ION,  Dactyl' turn,  from  UktvXqs,  'a 
finger/  The  union  of  the  fingers  with  each  other. 
This  affection  is  generally  congenital;  but  it  may 
be  owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  inflammation  of 
the  fingers,  Ac. 

DACTYI/IOS,  from  daxrvXos,  <a  finger/  A 
troch  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger.  The 
anus. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 

DAGTYLIUS,  from  Satcrvliet,  annulus,  'a  ring/ 

Dacttl'ius  Agulea'tus.  A  worm  of  a  light 
colour,  annulated,  cylindrical,  but  tapering  slightly 
towards  both  extremities,  from  two-fifths  to  four- 
fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has  been  found  in 
the  urine. 

DACTYLODOCHME,  Dochme. 

DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  oa/croAoj,  <a 
finger/  and  evufveis,  'union/  Adhesion  of  the 
fingers  to  each  other. 

DACTYLOTHE'KB,  from  oarrwA©*,  'a  finger/ 
and  Otjkt},  '  a  case  or  sheath/  An  instrument  for 
keeping  the  fingers  extended  when  wounded. — 
Ambrose  Pore1. 

DAC'TYLUS,  Digitus,  'a  finger/  The 
smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks,  the  sixth  part 
of  a  foot    Also,  the  Date. 

DJSDA'LEA  SUAVEOLENS,  Bole' tut  seu 
Fungus  Sal' ids,  Boletus  discoxdens  seu  euaveolens, 
Fungus  albus  tali' gens,  (F.)  Agaric  odorant,  Bolet 
odorant,  A  champignon,  which  grows  on  the 
trunks  of  old  willows.  It  has  a  smell  of  anise, 
which  is  penetrating  and  agreeable;  and  has 
been  recommended  in  phthisis  pulmonalis  in  the 
dose  of  a  scruple  four  times  a  day. 

DAEDALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

D.BDION,  Bougie. 

D^MONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

DM8,  TsddsB. 

DAFFODIL,  Narcissus  pseudonaroisena. 

DAFFY'S  ELIXIR,  Tinotura  senna  oompo- 
sita. 

DAISY,  Cnrysanthemum  leucanthemum,  Eri- 
geron  Philadelphicum —  d.  Common,  Bellis — d. 
Ox-eye,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

DALBY'S  CARMIN'ATIVE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  remedy,  much  used  as  a  carminative 
for  ohildren.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its  pre- 
paration :  (Magnesia  alb.  §ij  ;  oL  menthes  piper. 
gtt  j  ;  ol.  nnc.  moschat,  gtt  iij  ;  ol.  anisi,  gtt  iij  ; 
tinct.  castor,  gtt  xxx;  tinct.  aea/oetid.  gtt  xv; 
tinct.  opii,  gtt  v ;  sp.  pulegii,  gtt  XT ;  tinct.  car- 
c  gtt  xxx;  agues  tnenthm  pip,  2U»    M.) 


A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form:  — 
(Aqua,  Ox;  Sacchar.  alb.  2£xxxij;  Carbon,  Po- 
tass, gss;  Carb.  Mag.  %*§;  Tinct.  Opiu  f3gvj  ; 
OL  menth. pip.,  OL  Anethi  Fomicul.  aafgg.  M.) 

DALTO'NIAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours ;  because  the 
celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect  See 
Achromatopsia. 

DALTONISM,  Achromatopsia. 

DAMSON,  Prunum  Damascenum  —  d.  Moun- 
tain, Quassia  simarouba  —  d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mes tica. 

DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANCING,  SaUa'Ho,  (F.)  Danse.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes,  executed 
by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  the  voice  or 
musical  instrument     It  is  a  healthy  exercise. 

Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing  —  d. 
Plague,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDY,  Dengue. 

DANEVERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in  Swe- 
den. The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid,  holding 
in  solution  carbonate  of  iron,  sulphate  of  iron, 
sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  silica.  It  is  frequently  employed  in  medicine. 

DANEWORT,  Sambucus  ebuhfe. 

DANICH;  on  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  grains. 

DANSE,  Dancing— d.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea— & 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAPHNE,  Lauras. 

DaphnA  Alpi'na,  Chamale'a,  Chamales'a, 
Widow  toaiL  Family,  Thymelsess.  Sex.  SyeU 
Octandria  Monogynia.  A  sort  of  dwarf-olive. 
An  acrid,  volatile,  alkaline  principle  has  been 
separated  from  the  bark  of  this  plant  by  M. 
Vauquelin,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Daphnine.  The  plants  of  the  genus  owe  their 
vesicating  property  to  this  principle. 

DAPHNJS  BOISGENTIL,  Daphne  roesereum 
—  d.  Flax-leaved,  Daphne  gnidium  —  d.  Garou, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

Daphne  Gnid'iux,  D.panicula'ta,  Thymela'a, 
Th.  Monspeliaca,  Thymele'a,  Oneo'ron,  Spurge 
Flax,  Flax-leaved  Daphne.  The  plant  which 
furnishes  the  Garoii  Bark,  (F.)  Daphni  Garou, 
Sain-bois.  It  is  chiefly  used,  when  need  at  all, 
for  exciting  irritation  of  the  skin.  The  Orana 
Gnid'ia,  (see  Cnid'ia  grana,)  are  acrid  poisons, 
like  all  the  plants  of  this  genus,  when  taken  in 
quantity.  According  to  others,  the  garou  bark 
and  grana  gnidia  are  obtained  from  the  daphne 
laureola. 

Daphne  Laureola,  D.  major,  Thymelefa  lau- 
re'ola.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Spurge  Laurel, 
Laureola.  The  bark  of  this  plant  has  similar 
properties  to  the  last 

Daphne  Liottardi,  D.  laureola — d.  Major,  D. 
laureola. 

Daphne  Mezb'reux,  D.Liottar'di,  ThymeWa 
meze'reum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  l/eae'- 
reon,  Mezereum,  Spurge  olive,  (F.)  Daphni  Bois- 
gentiL  The  bark  of  the  mesereon,  Mezereum, 
(Ph.  IT.  S.)  possesses  analogous  properties  to  the 
other  varieties  of  Daphne.  It  is  considered  sti- 
mulant and  diaphoretic ;  and,  in  large  doses,  is 
emetic.  It  has  been  employed  in  syphilitic  oases, 
but  its  efficacy  is  doubtful.  Soaked  in  vinegar, — 
like  the  other  varieties  of  daphne,  it  has  been 
employed  to  irritate  the  skin,  especially  to  keep 
issues  open. 

Daphne  Paniculata,  D.  Gnidium. 


-  DAPHNEI^SON 


269 


DEAMBULATIO 


DAPHNEL.ffi'ON,  O'lewn  Lauri'ntm,  from 
iafvnt  *  the  laurel  or  bay  tree/  and  skatov,  '  oiL' 
Oil  of  Bay. 

DAPHNINE,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 

DARNEL,  Lolinm  temnlentam. 

DAR8ENI,  Lauras  einnamomum. 

DARSINI,  Lauras  einnamomum. 

DARSIS,  from  <Jep«,  'I  excoriate/  'I  skin.' 
The  Greek  physicians  seemed  to  have  used  this 
word  to  designate  the  anatomical  preparation, 
which  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  exposing 
the  organs  covered  by  it 

DARTA,  Impetigo  —  d.  Excoriativa,  Herpes 
exedens— d.  Maligna,  Herpes  exedens. 

DARTOS.  Same  derivation ;  Membra'na  ear- 
no'ea,  Tu'nica  muecula'rie,  T.  rubieun'da  eeroti, 
Marntpium  muteulo'eum;  from  copras,  'skinned.' 
A  name,  given  to  the  seoond  covering  of  the  tes- 
ticle, which  the  ancient  anatomists  conceived  to 
be  muscular,  bnt  which  is  merely  areolar.  Its 
external  surface  is  towards  the  scrotnm ;  the  in- 
ternal towards  the  tunica  vaginalis.  Frederick 
Lobstein  and  Breschet  consider,  that  it  proceeds 
from  an  expansion  of  the  fibrous  cord,  known  by 
the  name  Gubernaculum  Teeth. 

DARTRE,  Herpes,  Impetigo,  Pityriasis  —  d. 
Oruetacie,  Ecthyma  impetigo  —  d.  Oruetacie  fla- 
veeeente,  Porrigo  lupinosa— -4.  Orouteuee,  Impetigo 
~d.  EeaUltuee,  Psoriasis — d.  Fonguetue,  Ecthy- 
ma—<Z.  Furfuraeie  arrondie,  Lepra,  Lepra  vul- 
garis— d.  Furfuraeie  volante,  Lichen,  Pityriasis 
—  d.  PklycUnolde,  Herpes  phlyotssnoides —  d. 
Puttuleuee  eoupercee,  Gutta  rosea— d.  Puetuleuet 
diseeminie,  Acne— cl.  Puttuleuee  mentagra,  Syco- 
sis—  d.  Rongeante,  Herpes  exedens:  see  Esthio- 
menus  —  d.  Squammeuee  humide,  Ecxema —  d. 
Squammeuee  lichinolde,  Psoriasis  —  d,  Vive,  Ec 


DARTREUX  (P.),  Herpetic  Participating 
In  the  characters  of  Dartre  or  fferpee.  Also,  one 
affected  with  dartre.  Dartre  has  been  used,  at 
one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease  of  the 
skin.    See  Herpes. 

DASTMA,  from  ooovf,  'rough/  'hairy.'  A 
disease  of  the  eye  —  the  same  as  trachoma,  but 
less  in  degree. — AStius,  Gomeus. 

DASTTES.  Same  etymon.  Roughness,  par- 
ticularly of  the  tongue  and  voice.    Hairiness, 

DATE,  PaVmula,  Dac'tylue,  BaVanoe,  Phce'ni- 
ooe,  the  fruit  of  the  Phoenix  daetylif'era  seu  ex- 
eel'**,  Palma  daetylif'era,  (P.)  Datte.  The  un- 
ripe date  is  astringent  When  ripe,  it  resembles 
the  fig.    The  juice  of  the  tree  is  refrigerant 

DATE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Diospyrus  lotus. 

DATTE,  Date. 

DATURA,  D.  Stramonium. 

T)A.TTs'KA.8AXQvnt'xA,  Red  T\orn  Apple;  called 
by  the  Indians  of  Peru  Huacacachu,  Yerba  de 
Muaea  (huaea,  a  grave)  or  Grave-plant,  and  Bo- 
vachevo.  A  plant  from  which  the  Peruvian  In- 
dians prepare  a  narcotic  drink  called  Tonga. 

Datu'ba  SroAMO'inux,  Stramo'nium,  Stramo'~ 
nia,  Baryeoc'calon,  Sola'num  fce'tidum,  Stramo'- 
nium majue  album,  sen  epino'eum  seu  vulga'tum  seu 
foe'tidum,  Pomum  seu  Malum  epino'eum,  Nux  me- 
thel,  Dotu'ra,  Dutn/a,  Daty'ra,  Thorn  Apple, 
Jamertown  Weed,  Jtmeton  Weed,  SHnkweed,  (F.) 
Stramoine,Pomme  Spineute.  The  herbaceous  part 
of  the  plant  and  the  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in 
medicine.  They  are  narcotic  and  poisonous ; — 
are  given  internally  as  narcotics  and  antispasmo- 
dics, and  applied  externally  as  sedatives,  in  the 
form  of  fomentation.  The  seeds  are  smoked  like 
tobacco,  in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the  powder  is, 
gr.J  to  st.  viii. 

DA'TURINE,  Daturi'na,  Datu'ria,  Datu'rium. 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 


separated  by  Brandes,  a  German  chemist  It  hat 
not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

DATURIUM,  Daturine. 

DATYRA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  which  the 
DaueuB  or  Wild  Carrot  was  an  ingredient  The 
seeds  were  steeped  in  must  It  was  formerly  used 
in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis,  diseases 
of  the  uterus,  Ac 

DAUCUS  CANDIANUS,  Athamantacretensls. 

Daucus  Cabo'ta.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Carrot  Plant/  Daucus,  Daucus  eylvee'trie  sen 
vulga'rU  seu  eati'vut,  Cauea'lie  earo'ta,  Partina'ca 
eulveetrU  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum,  Ado'rion.  Or- 
der, Umbellifersd.  (F.)  Garotte.  The  root,  and 
seed,  Omrota —  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  have  been  used  in 
medicine.  The  root  is  sweet  and  mucilaginous ; 
and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  mode- 
rately warm,  pungent  taste.  The  root  has  been 
used  as  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and  ill-conditioned 
sores.  The  eeede  have  been  regarded  as  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic ;  but  they  have 
little  efficacy.  The  seeds  of  the  wild  plant  are, 
by  some,  preferred  to  those  of  the  garden. 

Daucus  Crbticus,  Athamanta  cretensls  —  d. 
Cyanopus,  Pimpinella  magna  —  d.  Sativus,  D. 
carota  —  <L  Bepriniue,  Scandix  cerefolium  —  d. 
Sylvestris,  D.  carota — d.  Vulgaris,  D.  carota. 

DAUPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DAVIDSON'S  REMEDY  FOR  CANCER,  sea 
Conium  maculatum. 

DA  VIER,  Dentagra. 

DAWLISH,  CLIMATE  OF.  A  town  in  De- 
vonshire, frequented  by  phthisical  invalids  during 
the  winter.  It  is  well  protected  from  northerly 
winds,  and  also  from  the  violence  of  the  south- 
westerly gales.  It  offers,  however,  but  a  con- 
fined space. 

DAX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dax  is  a 
city  two  leagues  from  Bordeaux,  where  there  are 
four  springs,  that  are  almost  purely  thermal; 
containing  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chloride 
of  magnesium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  and  lime. 
Temperature  76°  to  133°  Fahrenheit 

DATMARE,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

DAT-SIGHT,  Hemeralopia— d.  Vision,  Heme- 
ralopia. 

DAZZLING,  Oaliga'Ho,  (F.)  Eblouieeement. 
A  momentary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  light,  or  by  some  internal  cause ;  as  plethora. 

DE  VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of  inspect- 
ing the  belly.'  Where  there  is  reason  to  suppose, 
that  a  woman  feigns  herself  pregnant,  a  writ  de 
ventre  inepieiendo  may  be  issued  to  determine 
whether  she  be  so  or  not  Until  recently,  in 
England,  the  decision  was  left  to  twelve  matrons 
and  twelve  respectable  men,  according  to  the 
strict  terms  of  the  ancient  writ 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

DEAFNESS,  from  Anglo-Saxon  bear.  Surr- 
ditae,  Copho'eie,  Dyeeeoi'a,  Dyeeece'a  organ' tea, 
Baryeeora,  ffardneee  of  hearing,  Bypocopho'eie, 
Subeur* 'ditae,  BradyeoVa,  Bradyeeoi'a,  (F.)  Sur- 
diti,  Dureti  de  Fowe.  Considerable  diminution 
or  total  loss  of  hearing.  It  may  be  the  effect  of 
acute  or  chronio  inflammation  of  the  internal  ear, 
paralysis  of  the  auditory  nerve  or  its  pulpy  extre- 
mity, or  of  some  meohanioal  obstruction  to  the 
sonorous  rays.  In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause 
of  the  deafness  is  not  appreciable,  and  the  treat- 
ment has  to  be  purely  empirical.  Syringing  the 
ears,  dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumi- 
gations, Ac,  are  the  most  likely  means  to  afford 
relief. 

Dbafni88,  Tatxor'b  Remedy  for,  see  Alttua. 

DEALBATIO,  Paleness. 

DEAMBULATIO,  Walking. 


DEARTICULATIO 


270 


DEOIDUA 


DEARTICULATIO,  Diartbrosia. 

DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 

DEATH,  (Sax.  oeaB,)  Apobio'eis,  Abio'sit,  Ex- 
tinc'tio,  Ob'itus,  Psychorag"ia,  Psychorrhag"iaf 
LJthum,Letum,  Mors,  Inter'itus,  Than' atoe,  Death, 
(F.)  MorL  Definitive  cessation  of  all  the  func- 
tions, the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  Real 
Death,  Apothana'sia,  is  distinguished  from  as- 
phyxia or  apparent  death:  —  the  latter  being 
merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  functions. 
But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  suoh  suspen- 
sion, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid  mis- 
takes. Death  is  commonly  preceded  by  some 
distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on  lesion  of 
respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cerebral  func- 
tion, and  which  constitute  the  agony.  That  which 
oocurs  suddenly,  and  without  any,  or  with  few, 
precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden  death.  It  is 
ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the  heart ;  apo- 
plexy ;  the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or  by  some 
other  organic  affection.  Death  is  natural,  when 
it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease :  violent,  when 
produced  by  some  forcible  agency.  It  may  like- 
wise affect  the  whole  body,  or  a  part  only ;  hence 
the  difference  between  somatic  and  molecular 
death. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  modes  of  death  may 
be  thus  given : — 

{Suddenly— Syn- 
cope: Gradual- 
Asthenia. 

«  u  in  the  lungs — Asphyxia. 

«  u  in  the  brain — Apoplexy. 

in  the  gray  f  Paralysis  of 

«  "  matter  of  the  J  pneumogastrics, 

medulla,        (.  Ac 

«  "  in  the  blood — neoraemia. 

Death,  Apparent,  Asphyxia. 

Death,  Black.  The  plague  of  the  14th  cen- 
tury was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have 
proved  fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,000  of  people.— 
Decker. 

Death  of  Man,  Cicuta  maculata — d.  Stiffen 
ing,  Rigor  mortis. 

DEBILIS,  Infirm. 

DEBIL'ITANTS,  Debiltian'tia,  Antidynam'- 
tca,  Philadynam'ica,  from  debilitare,  itself  from 
debilis,  quasi  dehabilie,  'weak/  'to  weaken.' 
Remedies  exhibited  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
excitement  Antiphlogistics  are,  hence,  debili- 
tants. 

DEBILITAS,  Debility— d.  Erethisica,  see  Irri- 
tablo  —  d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia,  see  Irritable 
—  d.  Visas,  Asthenopia. 

DEBIL'ITY,  Debil'ita*,  Asthenia,  Blaci'a, 
Anenerge'ria,  Anenergi'a,  Weakness,  (F.)  Fai- 
blesse.  A  condition,  which  may  be  induced  by 
a  number  of  causes.  It  must  not  be  confounded 
vritb  fatigue,  which  is  temporary,  whilst  debility 
is  generally  more  permanent 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  apparent; 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  important 
to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commencement  of  fever, 
for  example,  there  is  often  a  degree  of  apparent 
debility,  which  prevents  the  use  of  appropriate 
means,  and  is  the  cause  of  much  evil.  Excite- 
ment is  more  dangerous  than  debility. 
D&BOITEMENT,  Luxation. 
D£BORDEMENT  (F.),  from  diborder,  (de 
And  border)  '  to  overflow.'  A  popular  term  for 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations  from 
the  bowels.  It  is  obnfly  applied  to  bilious  eva- 
cuations of  this  kind — DSbordement  dt  Bile. 

DEBRIDEMENT  (F.),  Fra-no'rum  solu'tio, 
from  (F.)  dibrider,  (de  and  brider,)  '  U*  unbridle.' 


The  removal  of  filaments,  Ac,  in  a  wound  or 
abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus.  In 
a  more  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  cutting 
of  a  soft,  membranous  or  aponeurotic  part,  which 
interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ  what- 
ever: thus,  in  paraphimosis,  debridement  of  the 
prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the  inflam- 
mation of  the  glans  :  in  strangulated  hernia,  di- 
bridement  of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had  recourse 
to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  intestine,  Ac. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  iuca,  '  ten,'  and  ytfa/yw, 
'a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten  grammes,  154.34. 
grains  Troy. 

DECAM'YRON,  from  lata,  'ten,'  and  raw, 
'  ointment'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed  of 
malabathrum,  mastich,  euphorbium,  spikenard, 
sty  rax  calamita,  carbonate  of  lime,  common  pep- 
per, unguent  urn  nardi,  opobaUamum,  and  iccur. 

DECANTA'TION,  Decanta'tio,  De/u'eio,  Me- 
tangism'os,  Catach'ysis.  A  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration, which  consists  in  pouring  off,  gently,  by 
inclining  the  vessel,  any  fluid  which  has  left  a 
deposit 

DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM,  see  Re- 
section. 
DECARBONIZATION,  HaBmatosis. 
DECESSIO,  Ecpiesma. 
DJSCHARNJZy  Demusculatus. 
D&CHAUSSEMENT  (F.)  (de  and  chau»er.) 
The  state,  in  which  the  gums  have  fallen  away 
from  the  teeth,  as  in  those  affected  by  mercury, 
in  old  persons,  Ac.    Also,  the  operation  of  lanc- 
ing the  gums.     See  Gum  lancet 
D&CHAUS80IR,  Gum  lancet 
DECHIREMENT,  Laceration. 
DJlCHlRURE,  Wound,  lacerated. 
DECIDENTIA,  Cataptosis,  Epilepsy. 
DECIDUA,  Decidua  membrana. 
Decid'ua  Membra'na,  Decid'ua,  Decid'uou* 
Membrane,  from  decidere,  'to  fall  off,'  (de,  and 
cadere.)   So  called  on  account  of  it*  being  consi- 
dered to  be  discharged  from  the  uterus  at  partu- 
rition.   A  membrane,  formerly  defined  to  be  the 
outermost  membrane  of  the  foetus  in  utero ;  and 
still  so  defined  by  some — as  by  Dr.  Lee.    Chana- 
sier  calls  it  Epicho'rion :  by  others,  it  has  been 
called  Membra'na  cadu'ea  Bunteri,  M.flocculen'- 
ta,  M.  cellulo'ea,  M.  einuo'ea,  M.  commu'nis,  M. 
pr (texts' tens,  Decidua  externa,  Tu'nica  exterior 
ovi,  T.  cadu'ea,  T.  crassa,  Membra'na  cribro'sa, 
Membra'na  ovi  mater'na,  M.  muco'sa,  Decidua 
spoiigio'sa,  Epio'ni,  Placen'ta  uteri  succenturia'- 
tus,  Subplacen'ta,  Membra'na  u'teri  inter'na  ere- 
lu'ta,  Nidamen'tum,  Anhis'toue  membrane^  (F.) 
Caduque,   O.  vraie,  Membrane  caduque,  Epione, 
P6rione.   Prior  to  the  time  of  the  Hunters,  called 
Cho'rion  epongio'mm,  C.  tomento'sum,  fungo'svm, 
reticula'tum,  Ac,   Tu'nica  filamento'ea,  Shaggy 
Chorion,  Spongy  Chorion,  Ac     Great  diversity 
has  prevailed,  regarding  this  membrane  and  its 
reflected  portion.    It  exists  before  the  germ  ar- 
rives in  the  uterus, — as  it  has  been  met  with  in 
tubal  and  ovarial  pregnancies;    and  Is  occa- 
sioned by  a  new  action,  assumed  by  the  uterine 
vessels  at  the  moment  of  conception.    Chausrier, 
LobBtein,  Gardien,  Velpeau  and  others  consider 
it  to  be  a  sac,  without  apertures,  completely  li- 
ning the  uterus,  and  that  when  the  ovum  descends 
through  the  tube,  it  pushes  the  decidua  before  it, 
and  becomes  enveloped  in  it,  except  at  the  part 
destined  to  form  the  placenta.    That  portion  of 
the  membrane,  which  covers  the  ovum,  forms  the 
Membra'na  decid'ua  rejlex'a,  (F.)  Caduque  rt/U- 
chie,  Membrane  caduque  refltchic,  according  to 
them ; — the  part  lining  the  uterus  being  the  De- 
cidua U'teri.    Towards  the  end  of  the  fourth 
month,  the  decidua   reflexa  disappears,     Th« 


DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE 


271 


DECOCTUM 


yery  existence  of  a  Tunica  decidua  reflexa  has, 
however,  been  denied.  This  last  membrane  has 
received  various  names.  Dr.  Granville,  regard- 
ing it  as  the  external  membrane  of  the  ovum,  has 
termed  it  Cortex  ovi.  It  has  also  been  termed 
Involu'crum  membrana'ceum,  Membra'na  reti- 
form'ie  cho'rii,  Membra'na  Jilamento'ea,  M.  ad- 
ventW'ia  and  M.  crana,  Oculine  and  Deeid'ua 
protru'ea.  To  the  membrane  which,  according 
to  Bojanus  and  others,  is  situate  between  the 
placenta  and  the  uterus,  and  which  he  considers 
to  be  produced  at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua 
vera,  he  gave  the  name  membra'na  deeid'ua  $e- 
ro'tina. 

Histological  researches  seem  to  show,  that  the 
decidua  is  an  altered  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  uterus,  with  a  whitish  secretion 
filling  the  uterine  tubular  glands.  The  decidua 
reflexa  is  probably  formed  by  the  agency  of  nu- 
cleated cells  from  the  plastio  materials  thrown  out 
from  the  decidua  uteri;  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chorion  is  formed  in  the  Fallopian  Tube  from 
plastic  materials  thrown  out  from  its  lining  mem- 
brane. That  the  decidua  reflexa  is  not  a  mere 
inverted  portion  of  the  decidua  uteri  is  shown 
by  the  fact,  that  the  texture  of  the  two  is  by 
no  means  identical. 

Decidua  Protrusa,  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem- 
brana). 

DECIGRAMME,  Decigram' ma f  from  decimu; 
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypappa,  'gramme/  The 
tenth  part  of  the  gramme  in  weight ;  equal  to  a 
little  less  than  two  grains,  French ;  1.543  Troy. 

DECIMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  decern,  'ten/ 
An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  return  every 
10th  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMA'TION,  Declama'tio,  from  de,  and 
clamare,  '  to  cry  out'  The  art  of  depicting  the 
sentiments  by  inflections  of  the  voice,  accompa- 
nied with  gestures,  which  render  the  meaning  of 
the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse  into  the 
minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with  which 
he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  become  the 
cause  of  disease :  the  modification,  produced  in 
the  pulmonary  circulation, — accompanied  by  the 
great  excitement,  sometimes  experienced, — is  the 
cause  of  many  morbid  affections j  particularly  of 
pneumonia,  haemoptysis,  and  apoplexy.  In  mo- 
deration, it  gives  a  healthy  exoitement  to  the 
frame. 

DJtCLIX,  Decline. 

DECLINATIO,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Declina'tio,  Inclina'tio,  Decre- 
men'tum,  Remit' sio,  Parac'ml,  Paracma'eie,  (F.) 
Diclin,  from  de,  and  clinare,  'to  bend/  That 
period  of  a  disorder  or  paroxysm,  at  which  the 
symptoms  begin  to  abate  in  violence.  We  speak, 
also,  of  the  decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.) 
Diclin  de  Vrtge,  L'age  de  diclin,  when  the  phy- 
sical and  moral  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  ac- 
tivity and  energy.     See  Phthisis,  and  Tabes. 

DJSCLIVE,  (F.)  Decli'vit,  from  de,  'from/ 
and  clivue,  'acclivity/  Inclining  downwards. 
This  epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending 
part  of  a  tumour  or  abscess. 

DECOCTION,  Decoc'tio,  from  decoquere,  'to 
boil,'  (de  and  coqnere,)  Epae'eie,  Apoz'etie,  Zeeie, 
Hepee'eU,  Aphepaie,  (F.)  Dicoction.  The  opera- 
tion of  boiling  certain  ingredients  in  a  fluid,  for 
the  purpose  of  extracting  the  parts  soluble  at 
that  temperature.  Decoction,  likewise,  means 
the  product  of  this  operation,  to  which  the  terms 
Decoctum,  Zema,  Aphepee'ma,  Ap'otem,  Apoz'ema, 
JSepee'ma,  Chylue  and  Epee'ma,  have  been  ap- 
plied according  to  ancient  custom,  in  order  to 
svroid  any  confusion  between,  the  operation  and 


its  product; — as praparatio  is  used  for  the  act 
of  preparing;  praparatum,  for  the  thing  prepared. 
Decoction  of  Aloeh,  Compound,  Decoctum 
aloes  compositum  —  d.  of  Bark,  Decoctum  Cin- 
chones  —  d.  of  Barley,  Decoctum  hordei  —  d.  of 
Barley,  compound,  Decoctum  hordei  compositum 

—  d.  Bitter,  Decoctum  amaruin  —  d.  of  Cabbage 
tree  bark,  Decoctum  geoffrate  inermis  —  d.  of 
Cassia,  Decoctum  cassi® — d.  of  Chamomile,  De- 
coctum anthemidis  nobilis  —  d.  of  Cinchona,  De- 
coctum Cinchona —  d.  of  Cinchona,  compound 
laxative,  Decoctum  kinSB  kin®  compositum  et 
laxans  —  d.  of  Colomba,  compound,  Decoctum 
Calumb®  compositum  —  d.  of  Dandelion,  Decoc- 
tum Taraxaci-— d.  of  Dogwood,  Decoctum  Corn  us 
Florida — d.  of  Elm  bark,  Decoctum  ulmi— d.  of 
Foxglove,  Decoctum  digitalis — d.  de  Oayac  com- 
poeie,  Ac,  Decoctum  de  Guyaco  compositum  — 
d.  of  Guaiacum,  compound,  Decoctum  Gnaiaci 
compositum — d.  of  Guaiacum,  compound  purga- 
tive, Decoctum  de  Guayaco  compositum  —  d.  of 
Hartshorn,  burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — d.  of  Hel- 
lebore, white,  Decoctum  veratri  —  d.  of  Iceland 
moss,  Decoctum  cetrari®  —  d.  of  Liverwort,  De- 
coctum lichenis  —  d.  of  Logwood,  Decoctum  hs»- 
matoxyli— d.  of  Marsh  mallows,  Decoctum  althsBss 

—  d.  de  Mauve  compoeie,  Decoctum  malvsd  com- 
positum—  d.  of  Oak  bark,  Decoctum  quercus  — 
rf.  d?Orge,  Decoctum  hordei — d.  d*Orge  compotie, 
Decoctum  hordei  compositum — d.  of  Pipsissewa, 
Decoctum  chimaphilsB — d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum 
papaveris — <L  of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  cydonise 

—  d.  de  Quinquina  compoeie  et  laxative,  Decoc- 
tum kin®  kin®  compositum  et  laxans  —  d.  de 
Saleapareille  eompoete,  Decoctum  sarsaparill® 
compositum  —  d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  aar- 
saparilla — d.  of  SarsaparUla,  compound,  Decoc- 
tum sarsaparill®  compositum — d.  of  Sarsaparilla, 
false,  Decoctum  arali®  nudicaulis — d.  of  Squill, 
Decoctum  scillse — d.  of  Uva  ursi,  Decoctum  uv»  x 
ursi  —  d.  of  the  Woods,  Decoctum  Gnaiaci  com- 
positum—  d.  of  Woody  nightshade,  Decoctum 
dulcamara— d.  of  Zittmann,  Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction  — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Al'oes  Compos'itum,  Balaam  of 
Life,  Compound  Decoction  of  Aloe*.  (Ext.  give. 
£iv,  potaw.  eubcarb.  Q  U>  aloee  epicat.  ext. :  myrrhm 
contrit :  croci  etigmat.  55,  £j,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  to 
fj$xij  :  strain,  and  add  tinct.  card.  c.  f3iv.  Pharm. 
L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are  dissolved  in 
this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added  to  take  up 
a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture  prevents  it 
from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic.  :  Dose, 
fJsstoStf. 

Decoctum  Althje'*,  D.  alihaa  offieina'lu: 
Decoction  of  Mareh-maltowe,  (F.)  Dicoction  de 
Ouimauve.  (Bad.  althaa  sice.  Jiv.  uvar.paeear. 
SUt  aqua,  Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  off  the  clear 
liquor.  Pharm.  E.)    It  is  used  as  a  demulcent 

Decoctum  Ama'rum;  Bitter  Decoction.  (Bad. 
gent.  3J,  aqua  Oyss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour;  add  species  amara  £ftj.  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  expressing.  Pharm.  P.) 
It  is  tonic.     Dose,  f  Jss  to  51J. 

Decoctum  Anthem'tois  Nob'ilis,  D.  Chama- 
me'li;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  (Flor.  anthe- 
mid.  nobil.  Jj>  »em.  carui  Ziv,  aqua  Ov.  Boil 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  &e.,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efficacious.  The 
Dublin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Ara'li,*  Nudicau'lis  j  Decoction 
of  False  Sarsaparilla.  (Arali cb  nudicauL  Avj, 
aqua  Otuj.  Digest  for  four  hours,  and  then  boil 


DECOCTUM 


m 


DECOCTUM 


to  four  pints :  press  out  and  strain  the  decoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  stomachic, 
but  it  is  an  unnecessary  and  laborious  prepa- 
ration. 

Decoctum  Cassia  ;  Decoction  of  Cassia.  {  Cas- 
sia pulp.  Jij,  aquas  Oij.  Boil  for  a  few  minutes, 
filter  without  expression,  and  add  syrup,  violar. 
Jj,  or  manna  pur.  5ij.  {Pharm.  P.)  It  is  lax- 
ative, in  the  dose  of  5vj. 

Decoctum  Cetra'ri.*,  Decoction  of  Iceland 
Mote.  {Cetrar.  gss,  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  strain  with  compression.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dobo, 
fjiv  to  Oss,  and  more. 

Decoctum  Chamjsmeli,  Decoctum  anthemidis 
■nbilis. 

Decoctum  CHiMAPH'rLJE,  Decoction  ofPiipsW- 
sewa.  {Chimaph.  contus.  3J,  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.    Pharm.  U.  8.)    Dose,  f§iss. 

Decoctum  Cincho'n^,  Decoctum  Cinchona,  D. 
Gor'ticis  Cinchona;  Decoction  of  Cinchona,  D. 
of  Bark,  Decoctum  Kina  Kina.  {Cinchon.  cort. 
contus.  Jj,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes,  in  a 
slightly  covered  vessel,  and  strain  while  hot. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  contains  quinia  and  resinous 
extractive,  dissolved  in  water.  Long  coction  ox- 
ygenates and  precipitates  the  extractive.  It  can 
be  given,  where  the  powder  does  not  sit  easy, 
Ac.    Dose,  fjj  to  Jiv. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
Decoctum  Cinchona  /lava,  Decoction  of  yellow 
lark,  and  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  rubra.  Decoction 
of  red  bark,  both  of  which  are  prepared  as  above. 

Decoctum  Colom'b^e  Compos'itum;  Compound 
Decoction  of  Golomba.  (Oolomb.  contus.,  quassia, 
**  2»ij»  cort.  auranU.%),  rhcjpulv.  j)j,  potassa 
carbonat.  Jss,  aqua%$kx.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and 
add  Hnct.  lavand.  fgss.  Former  Ph.  U.  S.)  Given 
as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  an  officinal  station. 

Decoctum  Commune  pro  Clysters,  D.  malvse 
oompositum— d.Cornu  oervini,  Mistara  oornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Cornus  Flor'id.e,  Decoction  of 
Dogwood.  {Cornus  Florid,  oont  Ij,  aqua  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  coverea  vesseL  and 
strain  while  hot.    Pharm.  U.  8.)    Dose,  fgiss. 

Decoctum  Ctdo'hl*,  Mucila'ao  Sem'inis  Cy- 
do' nix  Mali,  M.  Sem'inum  Oydomo'rum  ;  Decoc- 
tion or  Mu'cilage  of  Quince  seeds.  {Cydonia 
•***•  3ti»  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  merely 
a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  used  as  a 
demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphnes  Mezb'rbi,  Decoctum  Me- 
m Vet,  Decoction  of  Meze'reon.  {  Cort.  rod.  daphn. 
meterei,  £\j,  rod.  glycyrrh.  oont  5  88,  aqua  Oiij. 
Boil  over  a  gentle  fire  to  Oij,  and  strain.)  The 
acrimony  of  the  mezereon  and  the  saccharine 
mucilage  of  the  liquorice  root  are  imparted  to  the 
water.  It  is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been 
used  in  secondary  syphilis;  but  is  devoid  of 
power.    Dose  fgUj  to  gvj. 

Decoctum  Diaphoreticum,  D.  Guaiaci  oompo- 
situm— d.  pro  Enemate,  D.  malvea  oompositum. 

Decoctum  Digit  a'lfs,  Decoction  of  Fox-qfove. 
{Pol.  digit,  sioe.  £),  aqua  q.  b.  ut  colentur  fjvttj. 
Let  the  liquor  begin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  and 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.    Dose,  f  Sflj  to  Ziij. 

Decoctum  Dulcama'rjc,  Decoction  of  Wvody 
Nightshade.  {Dulcamara  oont  3j,  aqua  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharr*.  uTs.)  This  de- 
coction has  been  considered  diuretic  and  diapho- 
retic, and  has  been  administered  extensively  in 
•kin  diseases.    It  is  probably  devoid  of  efficacy. 

Decoctum  pro  Fomsrto,  D.  papaveris. 

Decoctum  Geoffr^b  Ihbrm'zs;  Decoction 
iff  Cabbage^ Tree  Bark.  {OorL  geoffr.  inermie  in 
fulv.  Jj,  Aqua  0\J.    Eoil  over  a  alow  fire  to  a 


pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed 
of  anthelmintic,  purgative,  and  narcotic  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  chiefly  used  for  the  first  of 
these  purposes.  Dose,  to  children,  f£y —  to 
adults,  fgss  to  gij. 

Decoctum  Guaiaci  Compos'itum,  D.  Guaiaci 
officinalis  compos' it um,  Decoctum  Ligno'rttm,  D. 
de  Quyaco  compos' itum,  D.  eudorif'icum,  D.  dia- 
phoret'icum ;  Compound  decoction  of  Ouaiacum, 
Decoction  of  the  Woods.  {Lign.  guaiac.  rasur. 
%'iij,fruct.  sice,  vitie  vinifer.  31  j,  rad.  lauri.  sas- 
safr.  concis.,  rad.  glycyrrh.  aa  3y,  aqua  Ox. 
Boil  the  Guaiacum  and  raisins  over  a  slow  fire  to 
Ov :  adding  the  roots  towards  the  end,  then 
strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of  stimu- 
lant properties,  and  has  been  given  in  syphilitic, 
cutaneous,  and  rheumatic  affections.  The  resin 
of  the  guaiacum  is,  however,  insoluble  in  water, 
so  that  the  guaiac  wood  in  it  cannot  be  supposed 
to  possess  much,  if  any,  effect.  The  Parisian 
Codex  has  a 

Decoctum  de  Gutaco  Compos'itum  et  Pur- 
GANS,  (F.)  Dicoction  de  Qayac  Compoete  et  Pur- 
gative; Compound  purgative  Decoction  of  Qua-, 
iaeum.  {Lign.  guaiac.  rasp.,  rad.  sarsap.  aa  2j, 
potass,  carbonat.  gr.  xxv.  Macerate  for  twelve 
hours,  agitating  occasionally,  in  water  Oiv,  until 
there  remain  Oiij.  Then  infuse  in  it  fol.  senna 
3U>  ***/  3J>  fyn.  sassafr.,  glycyrrh.  rad.  Sa  5ftj, 
sent,  coriand.  $.  Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to 
settle,  and  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  liquor. 
The  title  sufficiently  indicates  the  properties  of 
the  composition. 

Decoctum  Hjematox'txi,  Decoction  of  Log- 
wood. {Hamatoxyl.  rasur.  £j,  aqua  Oij.  Boil 
to  a  pint,  and  strain.    PKarm.  U.  S.) 

Decoctum  Hellebori  Albi,  D.  veratri — d. 
Kins*  kin»,  D.  Cinchonas. 

Decoctum  Hor'dsi,  Decoctum  Hordei  DW- 
tichi,  Ptisfana  Hippocrafica,  Tipsa'ria,  Tap. 
sa'ria,  Aqua  Hordea'ta,  Hydrocri'iki,  Barley 
Water,  Decoc'tion  of  Barley,  (F.)  Dicoction 
oVOrge,  Tisane  Commune.  {Bord.  JJJ,  Aqua 
Oivss.  Wash  the  barley  well,  boil  for  a  few 
minutes  in  water  Oss :  strain  this,  and  throw  it 
away,  and  add  the  remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to 
Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  nutritive  and 
demulcent,  and  is  chiefly  used  as  a  common  drink, 
and  in  glysters. 

Decoc'tum  Hordei  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pectora'li,  Ptisana  commu'nie ;  Compound  De- 
coction of  Barley,  (F.)  Dicoction  drOrge  com- 
posie.  {Decoct,  hord.  Oij,  carica  fruct.  concis, 
3$>  glycyrrh.  rad.  concis.  et  contus.  Jss,  mwram 
pass,  demptis  acinis.  Jy,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  to  Otf» 
and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  has  similar  proper- 
ties to  the  last 

Decoctum  Kimje  Kimje  Compos'itum  et 
Laxaics,  Dicoction  de  quinquina  compoete  et 
laxative;  Compound  laxative  decoction  of  Cin- 
chona. {Cort.  cinchon.  gj,  aqua  Oij.  Boll  for  a 
quarter  of  an  hour,  remove  it  from  the  fire;  then 
infuse  in  it  for  half  an  hour,  foL  eenna,  eodm 
eulph.  aa  &) :  add  syrup  de  eennd  fgj.)  lie  title 
indicates  its  properties. 

Decoctum  Liche'his,  Decoctum  Liche'nie  /#- 
Ian' did;  Decoction  of  Liverwort.  {Lichen  5j, 
aquaOlsB.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  consists  of  bitter  extractive  and  fecula,  dis- 
solved in  water,  and  its  operation  is  tonio  and 
demulcent  Dose,  fjj  to  giv.  It  is  also  nu- 
trient, but  hardly  worthy  of  the  rank  of  an  offi- 
cinal preparation. 
Decoctum  Ltoworum,  D.  Guaiaci  compositum, 
Decoctum  Malvjb  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pro  enem'ati,  Decoctum  commu'ne  pro  clyHe'ri  ; 
Compound  Decoction  of  Mallow,  (F.)  Decoction 
de  Mauve  compoete.    {Malta  esrttes.  Jj,  antko- 


DECOCTUM 


573 


DBCU88ATIOJT 


mid\flor.  exsiec  Jss,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  fifteen 
minutes  and  strain.)  It  consists  of  bitter  ex- 
tractive, and  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly 
need  for  clysters  and  fomentations.  It  is  un- 
worthy a  place  in  the  pharmacopoeias. 

Decoctum  Mezbrei,  D.  daphnes  meierei— d. 
Pectorale,  D.  hordei  compositum. 

Decoctum  Papav'erxs,  Decoe'hm  pro  Fo- 
nen'to,  Fotus  commu'nis;  Decoction  of  Poppy. 
CPapav.  somnif.  capsuL  ooncis.  Jiv,  <*qua  Oiv. 
Boil  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  strain.  Pkarm.  L.) 
It  contains  the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy, 
and  mucilage  in  water:  is  anodyne  and  emol- 
lient, and  employed  as  suoh  in  fomentation,  in 
painful  swellings,  ulcers,  Ac 

Decoctum  Polyculje  Sbhboa,  D.  Senegas. 

Decoctum  Quercus  Alba,  D.  Quercus  Bor- 
boris;  Decoction  of  White  Oak  Bark.  (Querents 
eoru  5J,  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Pkarm.  u.  &)  It  is  astringent*  and  used  as 
such,  in  injections,  in  leucorrhoBa,  uterine  hemor- 
rhage, Ac,  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  fomentation 
to  unhealthy  ulcers. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparii/l*,  D.  SmPlacis  Sar- 
eaparilla;  Decoction  of  Sarsaparilla.  (Sana- 
parilL  rod.  concis.  Jiv,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.  Mace- 
rate for  four  hours,  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly 
covered  vessel ;  then  bruise  the  root;  macerate 
again  for  two  hours;  then  boil  to  Oij,  and  strain. 
Pkarm.  L.)  It  contains  bitter  extractive,  and 
mucilage  in  water;  is  demulcent,  and  has  been 
used,  although  it  is  doubtful  with  what  efficacy, 
in  the  sequel®  of  syphilis.    Dose,  f  Jiv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Sarsapabilla  Compob'itum  ;  Com- 
pound Decoction  of  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  Dicoetion 
de  Salsapareille  Composte.  (SarsaparilL  concis. 
ei  oontus.  5  vj,  Sassafr.  Cori.  oonois.,  Lion.  Ouaiac 
rasur.,  Bad.  Olycyrrhis.  oontus.  U  JJ,  Memsrei, 
oonois.  giij,  Aqua  Oiv.  Boil  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pkarm.  U.  S.)  This  is  considered  to  be 
possessed  of  analogous  properties  to  the  oelebrated 
Usi><mDi*t-£h*n%DecoJtxmLusitan'icuT^wte<& 
it  resembles  in  composition. 

Dscoctum  Scilljc;  Decoction  of  SquiU. 
(SciUa,  Jttjj,  Juniper.  Jiv,  Senega,  giij,  Aqua, 
Oiv.  Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  consumed; 
strain,  and  add  spirit  of  nitrous  etker,  f£iv. 
Former  Pkarm.  U.S.)    Dose,  f  5ss. 

Decoctum  Ssm'eqje,  D.  Poly  Jala  Senega; 
Decoction  of  Senega.  (Seneg.  cont  3j,  aqua 
Oiss.  Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pk.  U.  8.)  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  and  stimulant, 
and  has  been  given  in  oropsy,  rheumatism,  Ac 

Decoctum  Smilacib  Sarsapaiulub,  D.  sarsa- 
parillae— d.  Sudorificum,  D.  Guaiaoi  compositum. 

Decoctum  Tasjjl'a.01,  Decoction  of  Dandelion. 
(Taraxac  contus.  2U>  aqua  Oij.  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  strain.    Ph.  UlS.)    Dose  fjiss. 

Decoctum  Ulmi,  D.  Ulmi  uampes'tris;  Decoc- 
tion of  Elm  Bark.  ( Ulmi  eort.  recent,  cont.  Jiv, 
aqua  Oiv.  Boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pkarm.  L.) 
It  is  a  reputed  diuretic,  and  has  been  used  in 
lepra  and  herpes ;  but,  probably,  has  no  efficacy. 
Dose,  fgiv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Uvjb  Ursi,  Decoction  of  uva  urn. 
(Una  ursi,  £j,  aqua,  f^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain.    Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  fgiss. 

Decoctum  Vera'tri,  Decoctum  HelUVoriaVbi; 
Decoction  of  White  Hellebore.  (Veratri  rod. 
cont  3j,  aqua  Oij,  epir.  rec.  fjij.  Boil  the  wa- 
tery decoction  to  Oj,  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add 
the  spirit.  Pkarm.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis,  psora,  Ac 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied,  it 
must  be  diluted. 

Decoc'tum  ZiTTMAx'ia,  Zittfmann'e  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  extolled  by  Theden  in 
18 


venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,  accord- 
ing to  Jourdan,  "some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is  com- 
posed  of  sarsaparilla,  pulvie  styptieus,  calomel 
and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  water  with  anieeed,  fennel 
seed,  and  liquorice  rooL  A  etronger  and  a  weaker 
decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann.  Formulas 
for  its  preparation  are  contained  in  Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in  Lincke's  Voll- 
standjges  Reeept-Taschenbuch.    Leips.,  1841. 

DBCOLLEMENT,  (P.)  Deglutinaftio,  Begin- 
tina'tio,  (from  de  and  coUer,  'to  glue/)  The 
state  of  an  organ  that  is  separated  from  the  sur- 
rounding parts,  owing  to  destruction  of  the  areo- 
lar membrane  which  united  them.  The  skin 
is  dicoUie,  L  e.  separated  from  the  subjacent 
parts,  by  a  burn,  subcutaneous  abscess,  Ac. 

DBCOLLEMENT  DU  PLACENTA  is  the 
separation  or  detachment  of  the  whole  or  a  part 
of  the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  ute- 
rus. DicoUement,  from  de,  'from/  and  collum, 
'  the  neck,'  obtrunca'tio,  also  means  the  separa- 
tion of  the  head  of  the  foetus  from  the  trunk,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORA'TION,  Decolora'tio,  Discolora'- 
tio,  from  de,  'from/  and  colorare,  'to  colour.' 
Loss  of  the  natural  oolour ;  Parackro'sis,  De- 
void of  colour — Ackroma'eia. 

In  Pharmacy,  any  process  by  which  liquids, 
or  solids  in  solution,  are  deprived  wholly  or 
in  part  of  their  colour, — as  by  bringing  them  in 
contact  with  animal  charcoal. 

DJZCOMPOS&E,  (F.)  from  de,  'from/  and 
componere,  'to  oompose.'  Decomposed,  Disso- 
lu'tus.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the  face  when  ex- 
tensively changed  in  its  expression  and  colour; 
as  in  the  choleric  or  moribund. 

DECORTICATION,  irom  de,  'from/  and 
cortex, '  bark.'  An  operation,  which  consists  in 
separating  the  bark  from  roots,  stalks,  Ac 

DECOS'TIS,  Apleu,roe,  from  de,  priv.,  and 
eosta, '  a  rib.'    One  who  has  no  ribs* 

DBCREMBNTUM,  Decline. 

DECREPITUDE,  Decrepibtdo,  JStas  de* 
erep'ita,  Ul'tima  senec'tus,  Senec'ta  deer  er/ it  a 
sen  eztre'ma  sen  eumma  sen  ul'tima,  from  deere- 
pitue,  (de,  and  crepare,  'to  creak/)  'very  old/ 
The  last  period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life ; 
whioh  ordinarily  occurs  about  the  eightieth  year. 
It  may,  however,  be  accelerated  or  protracted. 
Its  character  consists  in  the  progressive  series 
of  phenomena  which  announce  the  approaching 
extinction  of  life. 

DECRETORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

DECU'BITUS,  from  decumbere,  (de,  and  cum. 
here,  'to  lie/)  'to  lie  down.'  Cuba'tio.  Lying 
down.  Assuming  the  horizontal  posture,  cu'bitue 
supi'nus;  (F.)  Coucher.  Herd  decubitus,  'at  bed 
time/  The  French  say  —  Decubitus  horizontal, 
sur  le  doe,  sur  U  eotS,  for,  lying  in  the  horisontal 
posture,  on  the  back  or  side 

DECUBTA'TUS,  uueveet,  or  musmpifysv,  from 
de,  and  curtus,  'short,'  'shortened,  curtailed,' 
'  running  to  a  point'  When  applied  to  the  pulse, 
it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution  in  the  strength 
of  the  arterial  pulsations,  whioh,  at  last,  cease 
If  the  pulsations  return  and  gradually  acquire  all 
their  strength,  it  is  called  Pulsus  deewrta'tus  re- 
ctpVoctt*.-— Galen. 

DECUSSATION,  Decussa'tio,  Chias'mos,  In- 
crucia'tio,  Intersec'tio,  Intricatu'ra,  from  decu**is> 
that  is,  decern  asses;  also,  the  figure  of  the  letter 
X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  term  chiefly  in  the  case  of  the 
nerves — as  the  decussation  of  the  optic  nerrs* 
which  cross  each  other  within  *h*  cranium. 


DECUSSORIUM 


274 


DEGREE 


DECUSSO'RIUM,  from  deentio,  (de,  and  qua- 
tio,) '  I  shake  down.'  An  instrument  used  by  the 
ancients,  for  depressing  the  dura  mater,  and  faci- 
litating the  exit  of  substances  effused  on  or  under 
that  membrane.  It  is  described  by  Scultetus, 
Pari,  Ac.     See  Meningophylax. 

DEDATGNEUR,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

DEDENTITION,  see  Dentition. 

DEDOLA'TION,  Dedola'tio,from  dedolare,  (de, 
and  dolare,)  '  to  cut  and  hew  with  an  axe.'  This 
word  has  been  used  by  surgeons  to  express  the 
action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument  divides  ob- 
liquely any  part  of  the  body,  and  produces  a 
wound  with  loss  of  substance.  It  is  commonly 
on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dedolation  are  ob- 
served. When  there  was  a  complete  separation 
of  a  portion  of  the  bone  of  the  cranium,  the  an- 
cients called  it  Apoeeeparnie'mus. 

DEERBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Vaccinium  stami- 
neum. 

DEERFOOD,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

DEERS'  TEARS,  Bezoar  of  the  Deer. 

D&FAILLANCE,  Syncope. 

DEFECA'TION,  Defaca'tio,  from  de,  and  facet, 
'excrements.'  The  act  by  which  the  excrement 
is  extruded  from  the  body.  Caea'tio,  Excre'tio 
alvi,  E.  alvi'na,  E.  facum  alvina'rum,  Dejec'tio 
alvi,  Secee'eio,  Expul'eio  vel  Ejec'tio  f&cum, 
Apago'gi,  Hypochore'eie,  Ecchore'sie,  Eccopro'eie, 
Eyes' tio.  The  faeces  generally  accumulate  in  the 
colon,  being  prevented  by  the  annulus  at  the  top 
of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely  into  that 
intestine.  In  producing  evacuations,  therefore, 
In  obstinate  constipation,  it  is  well,  by  means  of 
a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  into  the  colon, 
as  suggested  by  Dr.  O'Beirne. 

In  Pharmacy,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 

DEFECTIO  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DEFECTUS  LOQUEUB,  Aphonia  — d.  Ve- 
neris, Anaphrodisia. 

DEFENSI'VUM,  from  defendere,  (de,  and/en- 
dere,)  'to  defend.'  A  preservative  or  defence. 
The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to  different 
local  applications,  made  to  diseased  parts,  for  the 
purpose  of  guarding  them  from  the  impression 
of  extraneous  bodies,  and  particularly  from  the 
contact  of  air. 

DEFERENS,  from  defero,  (de,  and  ferre,)  'I 
bear  away,'  '  I  transport.' 

Deferens,  Vas,  Ductue  sen  Cana'lie  deferent, 
Vibra'tor,  (F.)  Conduit  epermatique,  Conduit  af- 
ferent, is  the  excretory  canal  of  the  sperm,  which 
arises  from  the  epididymis,  describes  numerous 
convolutions,  and  with  the  vessels  and  nerves  of 
the  testicle  concurs  in  the  formation  of  the  sper- 
matic chord,  enters  the  abdominal  ring,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  ejaeulatory  duct. 

DEFIBRINATION,  see  Deflbrinised. 

DEFIB'RINIZED,  (F.)  Dljibrini.  Deprived 
of  fibrin.  A  term  applied  to  blood  from  which 
the  fibrin  has  been  removed,  as  by  whipping. 
The  act  of  removing  fibrin  from  the  blood  has 
been  termed  defibrination. 

DEFIGURATIO,  Deformation. 

DEFLAGRATION,  Deflagra'tio,  from  defla- 
ffrare,  (de,  and  flagrare,  'to  burn,')  'to  set  on 
fire.'  In  pharmacy,  the  rapid  combustion  of  a 
substanoe  with  flame ;  great  elevation  of  tempe- 
rature; violent  motion,  and  more  or  less  noise. 
Thus,  we  speak  of  the  deflagration  of  nitrate, 
and  of  chlorate,  of  potassa,  of  gunpowder,  Ac 

DEFLECTENS,  Derivative. 

DEFLECTIO,  Derivation. 

DEFLORATION,  Stoprum. 

Defloea'tiom,  Dejhra'tio,  Devirgina'tio,  Vir- 
gWitat  deflora'la,  from  defloreecere,  (de,  and/o- 


reecere,)  'to  shed  flowers.'  The  act  of  depriving 
a  female  of  her  virginity.  Inspection  of  the  parts 
is  the  chief  criterion  of  defloration  having  been 
forcibly  accomplished;  yet  inquiry  must  be  made, 
whether  the  injury  may  not  have  been  caused  by 
another  body  than  the  male  organ.  Recent  de- 
floration is  infinitely  more  easy  of  deteotion  than 
where  some  time  has  elapsed. 

DEFLUVIUM,  Aporrhoea— d.  Pilorum,  Alo- 
pecia. 

DEFLUXIO,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea— d.  Catarrha- 
lis,  Influenza. 

DEFLUX'ION,  Deflux'io,  Defluxfue,  Cotarf- 
rhyeie,  Hypor'rhyeie,  Catar'rhue.  A  falling  down 
of  humours  from  a  superior  to  an  inferior  part. 
It  is  sometimes  used  synonymously  with  inflam- 
mation. 

DEFLUXUS  DYSENTERICUS,  Dysentery. 

DEFORMA'TION,  Deforma'tio,  Cacomor'phia, 
Cacomorpho'eie,  Dyemor'phi,  Dysmor'phxa,  Dyt- 
morpho'eis,  Deform'itae,  Defigura' tio,  Dieflgura'- 
tion,  Deform' it y,  Inform' itae,  (F.)  Difformitf, 
from  de,  and  forma.  Morbid  alteration  in  the 
form  of  some  part  of  the  body,  as  of  the  head, 
pelvis,  spine,  Ac.  A  deformity  may  be  natural 
or  accidental. 

DE'FRUTUM,  (F.)  Vin  cut*, from  defrutare,  'to 
boil  new  wine'  Grape  must,  boiled  down  to  one- 
half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat.  —  Plin.  ColumeU. 
Isidor.     See  Rob. 

DEFUSIO,  Decantation. 

DEGENERATIO,  Degeneration  —  d.  Adiposa 
Cordis,  Steatosis  cordis. 

DEGENERA'TION,  Degeneratio,  Notheu'ri*, 
Nothi'a,  from  deaener,  '  unlike  one's  ancestors,' 
(de,  and  genue,  '  family,')  Degen'eracy,  (F.)  Aba- 
tardUeement.  A  change  for  the  worse  in  the  in- 
timate composition  of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the 
body.  In  pathological  anatomy,  degeneration 
means  the  change  which  occurs  in  the  structure 
of  an  organ,  when  transformed  in(o  a  matter  es- 
sentially morbid;  as  a  cancerous,  or  tubercular, 
degeneration. 

Digin&reecenc*  is,  by  the  French  pathologists, 
employed  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

DEGJSNJiRESCENCE,  Degeneration  — 
d.  Graiseeuee  du  Foie,  Adiposis  hepatioa— a\  Gra- 
nulSe  du  Rein,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — 
d.  Noire,  Melanosis. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  Dicollement. 

DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition— d.  Difficilis,  Dys- 
phagia—d.  Impedita,  Dysphagia — d.  LiBsa,  Dys- 
phagia. 

DEGLUTIT"IONA Deglutif'io,  Catap'oeie, 
from  de,  and  glutire,  'to  swallow.'  The  act  by 
which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth  into 
the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oesopha- 
gus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character,  and 
requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number  of 
muscles ;  the  first  steps  being  voluntary,  the  re- 
mainder executed  under  spinal  and  involuntary 
nervous  influence. 

DEGMUS,  Dexie,  Moreue,  (F.)  Jforrare,  — a 
bite  in  general,  from  laxtm,  '  I  bite.'  A  gnawing 
sensation  about  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach, 
which  was  onee  attributed  to  acrimony  of  the 
liquids  contained  in  that  viscus. 

DISGORGEMENT,  Disgorgement 

DJSGOUT,  Disgust. 

DEGREE',  from  degri,  originally  from  gradut, 
'a  step.'  A  title  conferred  by  a  college, — as  the 
'  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.'  Galen  used  this 
expression  to  indicate  the  qualities  of  certain 
drug*.  Both  he  and  his  school  admitted  coW, 
warm,  motet,  and  dry  medicines,  and  four  differ- 
ent '  degrees'  of  each  of  those  qualities.  Thus, 
Apium  was  warm  in  the  Jirrt  degree,  Agrimony 


DEGTJSTATION 


2*5 


DELPHINIUM 


in  the  eecond,  Roohe  Alum  in  the  third,  and  Gar- 
lic in  the  fourth.  Bedegar  was  cold  in  the  first, 
the  flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  eecond,  the 
Sempervivum  in  the  third,  Opinm  in  the  fourth, 
Ac.  The  French  use  the  term  degri  to  indicate, 
1.  The  intensity  of  an  affection :  as  a  burn  of  the 
firet,  second,  third  degree,  Ac.  2.  The  particular 
stage  of  an  incurable  disease,  as  the  third  degree 
of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the  stomach,  Ac. 

DEGUSTA'TION,  Degueta'tio,  from  de,  and 
gnetare,  '  to  taste.'  Ouetation.  The  appreciation 
of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gustatory  organs. 

DEICTICOS,  Index. 

DEIRONCUS,  Bronchooelc 

DEJECTEDNESS,  Depression. 

DEJEGTIO  ALVI,  Defecation  —  d.  Alvina, 
Excrement. 

DEJECTION,  from  dejieere,  defectum,  (de, 
and  jaeere,)  'to  cast  down/  Dejec'tio,  Subdue* fu>j 


charge  or  stool, — generally,  however,  with  alvine 
prefixed, — as  an  alvine  Dejection,  Alvue  virfidi», 
Dejectio  alvi'na.    Also,  depression  of  spirits. 

DEJECTIONES  NIGRJS,  Melama. 

DEJECTORIUM,  Cathartic. 

DELACIIRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

DELACHRYMATIVUS,  Apodacryticua. 

DEL  APS  10,  Prolapsus. 

DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus— d.  Palpebral  Blepha- 
roptosis. 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

dUlAYANTS,  Diluentia. 

DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depila- 
tory, Colley's. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  Delete'riue,  Pernicio'eue, 
(F.)  Pernicieux,  from  StjXcu,  'I  injure.'  That 
which  produces  destructive  disorder  in  the  exer- 
cise and  harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM,  Poison. 

DELIGATIO,  Deligation,  Ligature,  see  Ban- 
dage. 

DELIGA'TION,  Deliga'tio,  Epidei'eie,  Deli- 
gatu'ra,  Vul'nerum  deliga'tio,  Fascia'rum  Appli- 
ca'tio,  Plaga'rum  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia' tio,  from  de- 
ligare,  (de,  and  ligo,)  'to  bind.'  The  deligation 
of  wounds  formerly  embraced  the  application  of 
apparatus,  dressings,  Ac, —  the  denomination 
Deliga'tor  Plaga'rum  being  synonymous  with 
Medicue  Vulnera'riue,  and  in  derivation,  with  the 
Wu  n  d  ar  1 1,  '  wound  physician'  or  surgeon,  of  the 
Germans.  Deligation  is  hardly  ever  used  now  as 
an  English  word.  In  France,  it  is  applied  to  the 
regular  and  methodical  application  of  bandages, 
and  to  the  ligature  of  arteries. 

DELIGATURA,  Deligation. 

DELIQUESCENT,  Deliquee'cene,  from  deli- 
queecere,  (de,  and  liqueaccre,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dis- 
solve/ Any  salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attract- 
ing moisture  from  the  air.  The  deliquescent 
salts  require  to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped. 
Chloride  of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa,  and  carbonate 
of  potassa,  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
fford  Deliquium. 

DELIQUIUM  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DELIRANS,  Delirious. 

DJSLIBANT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium  —  d.  Senum,  see  De- 
mentia. 

D&LIRE,  Delirium— d.  Orapuleux,  Delirium 
tremens — d.  Tremblant,  Delirium  tremens. 

DELIRIA,  Insanity. 

DELIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Delirium. 
Deli'rans,    Deli' rue,   Exc^-ebra'tue,  AUoch'oiit, 


Alie'nue,  Parole' rue,  Saving.  (F.)  DiliranU  0n« 
who  is  in  a  state  of  delirium.  That  which  is  at- 
tended by  delirium.  The  French  use  the  term 
Filvre  pemicieuee  dilirante  for  a  febrile  inter* 
mittent,  in  which  delirium  is  the  predominant 
symptom. 

DELIR'ITJM,  from  de,  'from/  and  lira,  'a 
ridge  between  two  furrows :'  Parac'opi,  Phreni'- 
tie,  Phledoni'a,  Deeipien'tia,  Aphroe'yni,  Para- 
lere'ma,  Paralere'eie,  Paralog"ia,  Phanta'eia, 
Paraphroe'yni,  Emo'tio,  Zeros,  Paranoe'a,  AU 
loph'aeU,  Delira'tio,  (F. )  Dilire,  Egarement 
dreeprit,  Ac,  Transport,  Idioegnchyeie.  Stray- 
ing from  the  rules  of  reason ;  wandering  of  the 
mind.  Hippocrates  used  the  word  uavia,  mania, 
for  delirium  eine  febre,  and  the  Greek  words 
given  above  for  delirium  cum  febre.  In  different 
authors,  also,  we  find  the  words,  Paraph' ora,  Pa- 
raph'rotee,Paraphrene'ei*,Paraphren'ia,Phrene'- 
sis,  Phreneti'aeis,  Ac,  for  different  kinds  of  deli- 
rium.   Delirium  is  usually  symptomatic 

Delirium  Ebriositatis,  D.  tremens  —  d.  Epi- 
leptic, see  Epilepsy  —  d.  Furiosum,  Mania  —  d. 
Maniacum,  Mania— d.  Potatorum,  D.  tremens— 
d.  Tremifaciens,  D.  tremens. 
Delirium  Senile,  see  Dementia. 
Delirium  Tremens,  Ma'nia  d  Potu,  CEnoma'- 
nia,  Ma'nia  e  temulen'tid,  D.  potato' rum,  D.  ebri- 
osita'tis,  D.  tremifa'ciene,  D.  vig"ilane,  Erethis'-' 
mue  ebrioeo'rum,   Dipeoma'nia,  Meningi'tie  sen 
Phreni'tie  potato' rum,  Tromoma'nia,  Tromopara- 
noz'a,   Potoparanot' a,    Pototromoparance'a,   (F.) 
EncSphalopathie  crapuleuee,  Dilire  tremblant,  D. 
crapuleux,  Folic  dee  Ivrognee.    A  state  of  deli- 
rium and  agitation,  peculiar  to  those  addicted  to 
spirituous  liquors,  with  great  sleeplessness.    It  is 
preceded  by  indisposition,  lassitude,  watchful- 
ness, headach,  and  anorexia;  the  delirium  and 
tremors  most  commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms. 
It  is  caused  by  the  habitual  and  intemperate  use 
of  ardent  spirits  or  of  opium  or  tobacco ;  or  rather 
by  abandoning  them  after  prolonged  use.    The 
treatment  is  various.     Many  have  regarded  sti- 
mulants, with  large  doses  of  opium  to  induce 
rest,  to  be  indispensable.    It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  gene- 
rally, be  successful ;  and,  it  is  probable,  a  cure 
effected  in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent 
than  when  produced  by  excitants. 
DELIRUS,  Delirious. 
DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 
DELITESCENTIA,  see  Repercussion. 
DJ2LIVRANCE,  (F.)  An  expression,  which, 
in  common  language,  signifies  the  action  of  deli- 
vering, libera' Ho,  but  in  the  practice  of  obstetrics, 
means  the  extrusion  of  the  secundines,  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  efforts  of  art.  This  com- 
pletion of  delivery— partus  eecunda'riue,  secunda- 
ria'rum  expul'eio  vel  extrae'tio,  is  produced  by 
the  same  laws  as  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 
Sometimes,  the  after-birth  follows  the  child  im- 
mediately ;  at  others,  it  is  retained j  and  requires 
manual  interference  to  remove  it  The  following 
are  the  chief  cases  in  which  this  becomes  neces- 
sary.  1.  Intimate  adhesion  between  the  placenta 
and  paries  of  the  uterus.    2.  Spasmodic  contrac- 
tion of  the  orifice  of  the  uterus.    3.  Hour-glass 
contraction.    4.  Torpor  or  hemorrhage  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  child,  and, — 5.  Insertion  of  the 
placenta  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 
DELIVERY,  FALSE,  False  water. 
dElIVRE,  Secundines. 
DELOCATIO,  Luxatlo. 
DELPHIN'IUM,  from  ittyts,  or  SiX+n,  'a 
dolphin,'  which  the  flowers  resemble.    D.  con- 
sol' ida  sen  Seg"etum  seu  Versicolor,  Caleitra'pa, 
ConeoVida  Rega'lie,  Branching  Lark*pur%  Stag 


DELPHTS 


276 


DENGUE 


aenteed.  Family  Ranunculace®.  Sex. 
Poljandria  Trigynia.  (F.)  Pied  d'alouetu  'dee 
champ*.  It  has  been  employed  as  a  vermifuge. 
The  flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia,  and 
the  seeds  have  the  same  property  as  those  of 


DELPHsmnc  Covsoltoa,  Delphinium — d.  Se- 
getum,  Delphinium. 

Delphik'ium  STAPmsA'aniA.  The  systematle 
name  of  the  Staved  acre,  Staphieagria,Phtheiroc'- 
Umum,  Phthei'rium,  Staph*,  Pedicula'ria,  (F.) 
Staphieaigre,  Herbe  aux  Poux,  Dauphinelle. 
The  seeds  have  a  disagreeable  smell ;  a  nauseous, 
bitterish,  hot  taste;  and  are  cathartic,  emetic, 
and  vermifuge :  owing,  however,  to  the  violence 
of  their  operation,  they  are  seldom  given  inter- 
nally, and  are  chiefly  used  in  powder,  mixed  with 
hair  powder,  to  destroy  liee.  The  active  prin- 
ciple of  this  plant  has  been  separated,  and  re- 
ceived the  name  Delphin'ia.  It  is  extremely 
acrid,  and  has  been  recently  used,  like  veratria, 
in  tic  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheumatism.  It- 
is  used  in  the  form  of  ointment,  or  in  solution  in 
alcohol,  (gr.  x  to  xxx,  or  more,  to  £j,)  applied 
externally. 

Delphinium  Versicolor,  Delphinium. 

DELPHYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

DELTA,  Vulva. 

DELTIFORMIS,  Deltoid. 

DELTOID,  DeUoVde$,  Delto'det,  DeUoldeut, 
Delti/orm'it,  from  the  Greek  capital  letter  A, 
6t\ra,  and  uSos,  'resemblance/  Sout-acromio- 
davi-humeral  of  Dumas;  Sus-acromio-humeral 
of  Ghaussier.  A  triangular  muscle  forming  the 
fleshy  part  of  the  shoulder,  and  covering  the 
shoulder-joint.  It  extends  from  the  outer  third 
of  the  clavicle,  from  the  acromion  and  Bpine  of 
the  scapula,  to  near  the  middle  and  outer  part 
of  the  os  humeri,  where  it  is  inserted  by  means 
of  a  strong  tendon.  This  muscle  raises  the  arm 
directly  upwards,  when  the  shoulder  is  fixed,  and 
carries  it  anteriorly  or  posteriorly,  according  to 
the  direction  of  the  fibres,  which  are  thrown  into 
action.  If  the  arm  be  rendered  immovable,  the 
deltoid  acts  inversely  and  depresses  the  shoulder. 

DELUSION,  Hallucination. 

DEM  EL  MUOA.  A  name  given  by  Prosper 
Alpinus  to  a  disease,  which,  he  says,  is  proper 
to  Egypt.  He  considers  it  to  be  inflammation  of 
the  brain ;  but  others  describe  it  as  a  pernicious 
intermittent 

DEMAGNETIZATION,  Demagnetitaftio. 
The  act  of  removing  the  condition  of  magneti- 
sation. 

D&MANQBAISON,  Itching. 

DEMANUS,  Aoheir. 

D&MENGB,  Dementia— d\  Innie,  Idiotism. 

DEMENTED,  Insane. 

DEMEN'TIA,  Amen'tia,  Fatu'ita*,  Ana? a, 
AnoVtia,  Deuterance'a,  Eenata,  Parana1  a,  Mo'- 
ria  dement,  NoXttheni'a,  Ineohe'rency,  Imbecil- 
ity, Incoherent  Insanity;  from  de,  'from,'  or 
*  out  of/  and  men*, ' mind,'  or  'reason.'  (F.)  D6- 
mence,  B4tite.  In  common  parlance,  and  even 
in  legal  language,  this  word  is  synonymous  with 
insanity.  Physicians,  however,  have  applied  it 
to  those  cases  of  unsound  mind  which  are  cha- 
racterised by  a  total  loss  of  the  faculty  of  thought, 
or  by  such  an  imbecility  of  intellect  that  the 
ideas  are  extremely  incoherent!  there  being  at 
the  same  time  a  total  loss  of  the  power  of  rea- 
soning. Mania  and  melancholy  are  apt  to  end 
in  this,  if  possible,  more  deplorable  state.  Dotage 
is  the  Dementia  of  the  aged— Mo'ria  dement  lore*- 
ma,  Lere'ma,  Lere'tit,  Lent,  Delira'tio  Senum, 
Amen'Ua  Seni'lit,  Pueril'itat,  Delirium  Seni'li, 
Antl'ita*,  Senile  Intanity,  Senile  Dementia,  In- 
•amity  e/  the  aged,—*  form  of  moral  insanity,  in 


which  the  whole  moral  character  of  the  individual 
is  changed.  . 

DEMI,  Semi— &  Bain,  Semicupium— <L  Epi- 
neux,  Semi-spinalis  colli — d.  Epineux  du  dot, 
Semi-spinalis  donri — d.  Oantelet,  Oantelet — cL 
Interotteux  du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  ma- 
nus — d.  Lunaire,  Semi-lunar — d.  Membraneuz, 
Semi-membranosns — d.  Orbicularis,  Orbicularis 
oris — a\  Tendineux,  Semi-tendinosus. 

DEMISSIO  ANIMI,  Depression. 

DEMISSOR,  Catheter. 

DEMODEX  FOLLICULORUM,  {hw,  'lard/ 
and  faf,  'a  boring  worm,')  Acarus  folliculorum. 

DEMONOMA'NIA,  Damonomania,  Theoma'- 
nia,  Entheoma'nia,  from  ietfitav,  'demon,'  a  spirit 
of  good  or  evil,  and  jwce, '  madness.'  Religious 
insanity.  A  variety  of  madness,  in  which  the 
person  conceives  himself  possessed  of  devils,  and 
is  in  continual  dread  of  malignant  spirits,  the 
pains  of  hell,  Ac 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demonttrare,  (de 
and  monttrare,)  'to  show;'  'exhibit'  One  who 
exhibits.    The  index  finger. 

Dxm'ohstbatob  of  Ahat'oxt.  One  who  ex* 
hibits  the  parts  of  the  human  body.  A  teacher 
of  practical  anatomy. 

DEMOTFVUS  LAPSUS,  Bepentifna  more, 
from  demovere,  (de  and  movere,)  'to  move  off/ 
'remove,'  and  laptue,  'a  mil.'    Sudden  death. 

DEMUL'CENTS,  Demulcen'tia,  Involven'tia, 
Obvolven'tia,  Lubriean'tia,  from  demulcere,  (de 
and  mulcere,)  'to  soothe,'  'to  assuage/  (F.) 
Adoucittante.  Medicines  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  correcting  certain  acrid  conditions  imagined 
to  exist  in  the  humours.  Substances  of  a  muci- 
laginous or  saccharine  nature  belong  to  this  class. 
Demulcents  may  act  directly  on  the  parts  with 
which  they  come  in  contact;  but  in  other  casee, 
as  in  catarrh,  their  effect  is  produced  by  contigu- 
ous sympathy;  the  top  of  the  larynx  being 
soothed  by  them  first,  and  indirectly  the  inflamed 
portion  of  the  air-passages.  In  diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents.  — See  Diluents  and  Emollients. 
The  following  are  the  chief  demulcents ; — Acacia? 
Gummi;  Althee©  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdato; 
Amylum;  Avenae  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum;  Cy- 
donisB  Semina;  Fucus  Crispus;  Glycyrrhiaa; 
Hordeum;  Lichen;  Linum;  Olivsa  Oleum;  Sas- 
safras Medulla;  Sesamnm;  Serum;  Tragacantha, 
and  Ulmns. 

DEMUSCULA'TUS,  from  de,  and  nwculve, 
'  a  muscle.'  (F.)  DSeharni.  Emaciated,  devoid 
of  flesh. 

DENJEUS,  Chronic 

DENA'RIUS;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about  10  cents,  or  8  pence  English.  It  waa 
marked  with  the  letter  X,  to  signify  10  asses. 

Also,  the  7th  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 

DENDROLIBANUS,  Rosmarinus. 

DENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis. 

DEN'GUE,  Dinoee,  Dunga,  Dandy,  Bouquet 
and  Bucket  Fever,  Bheumatie'mutfebr?lit,  Sear- 
lati'na  rheumatfiea,  Exanthe'tie  arthro'tia,  Plam- 
ta'ria,  Febrit  exanthema* ion  artieula'rie,  (F.)  Qi- 
raffe,  Erupt  the  artie/ular  /ever,  B.  rheumat'io 
fever.  A  disease,  which  first  appeared  in  the  years 
1827  and  1828,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  the 
southern  states  of  North  America.  It  was  ex- 
tremely violent  in  its  symptoms,  but  not  often 
fatal  It  usually  commenced  with  great  languor, 
chilliness,  and  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the 
smaller  joints.  To  these  symptoms  succeeded 
burning  heat  and  redness  of  the  skin,  pains  in 
the  muscles  of  the  limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  with 
vomiting  or  nausea.  The  fever  continued  for 
one,  two  or  three  days,  and  usually  terminated 
by  copious  perspiration.    In  different  places,  II 


DENIACH 


m 


DENTIFRICE 


i; 


put  on  different  appearances ;  bat  seems  In  all  to 
hare  been  a  singular  variety  of  rheumatic  fever. 
The  usual  antiphlogistic  treatment  was  adopted, 
and  successfully. 

DENIACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  De- 
niach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Black  Forest  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

DENIGRA'TIO,  from  denigrare,  (de,  and  ni- 
\er,)  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  becoming 
lack,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  sngillation,  Ac. 

DENS,  Tooth  — d.  Leonls,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

Dens  Pro'liter.  A  term  used  by  Bartholin 
for  a  supernumerary  tooth,  which  appears  to 
grow  upon  a  primitive  or  parent  tooth. 

DENT,  Tooth  —  e*.  de  Sageeee,  see  Dentition. 

DENTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Den,ticepe,Dentar'paga,  Dentin 
du'cum,  Dentie' ulum,  Dentago'gum,  Denta'liefor- 
/ex,  For/ex  denta'ria,  Odonthar'paga,  Odon'ta- 
gra,  Odontago'gon,  from  dent, '  a  tooth/  and  ayja, 
*a  seizure.'    (F.)  Davier.    A  tooth-forceps. 

DENTAL,  Denta'lie,  Denta'riue,  Dentaftue, 
Denticula'tue,  from  dene,  *  a  tooth.'  That  which 
concerns  the  teeth.    See  Dentiformis. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcade*  dentaire*,  are 
the  arches  farmed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in  each 
jaw. 

Dental  Ar'tbries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g.,  re- 
ceive their  arteries  from  the  infraorbitar  and 
euperior  alveolar, — themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  maxillary.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  Jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  inferior  dental 
or  inferior  maxillary,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
internal  maxillary,  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after  hav- 
ing given  numerous  ramifications  to  the  teeth 
and  jaw. 

Dental  C  avals,  (F.)  Conduits  dentairee,  Mam- 
illary canals.  The  bony  canals,  through  which 
the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  to  the  interior  of  the 
teeth. 

Dental  Car'ttlage,  Cdrtila'ao  denta'U*.  The 
cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight  fissures, 
on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in  infants, 
prior  to  dentition.  It  is  a  substitute  for  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cav'ity,  (F.)  Cavitf  dentaire.  A  ca- 
vity in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is  situate 
the  dental  pulp. 

Dental  Fol'licle,  FoUie'ulu*  Dentie,  Cap'sula 
dentie,  (F.)  Follieule  dentaire.  A  membranous 
follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in  which  the 
teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue  from  the 
alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  Sjlveolo-dental  periosteum,  and  of 
the  membrane  that  envelops  the  pulp  of  the  teeth. 
The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in  the  substance 
of  the  jaws. 

Dental  Gangrene,  Oatiee  Den'tium,  Odon- 
talgia cario'ea,  Odontoneero'eie,  Odontotphacel'- 
i*i»,  Odontoepkaeelis'mue,  Necrof*i*  Den'tium, 
(F.)  Carte  dee  Dent*.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the 
teeth.    See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves,  (F.)  Kerf*  dentairee.  Nerves 
which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the  upper  in- 
cisors and  canine  are  furnished  by  the  infra-or- 
bitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary ; 
and  those  of  the  molares  by  the  trunk  of  the 
same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  receive 
the  nerves  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  which,  as 
well  as  the  superior  maxillary,  arises  from  the 
6th  pair. 

Dental  Pulp,  Pulpa  seu  Nu'cUue  sen  Sub- 
ttan'tia  pulpo'ta  dentie,  Germen  denta'U,  (F.) 


Pulpe  dentaire.  A  pultaceous  substance,  of  • 
reddish-gray  oolour,  very  soft  and  sensible,  which 
fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well  supplied 
with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Surgeon,  Dentist 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution  with 
the  arteries. 

DENTALIS,  Odontoid— d.  Forfer,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dene,  'a  tooth,'  the  dog- 
like  tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the  shape 
of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into  several 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  but  were  useless 
ingredients ;  consisting — like  shells  in  general— 
of  carbonate  of  lime  and  gelatin. 

DENTARIA,  Anthemis  Pyrethrum,  Plumbago 
Buropsea. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist 

DENTARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

DENTATA  VERTEBRA,  Axis. 

DENTATUS,  DentaL 

DENTELARIA,  Plumbago  Europea. 

DENTEL&  ANT&RIEUR  PETIT,  Pecto- 
ralis  minor— d.  (hand,  Serratus  magnus— d.Po*~ 
Urieur  et  infirieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior— d.  JSuptrieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 

DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth  —  d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth — d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth — d.  Ola* 
vales,  Molar  teeth— d.  Columellares,  Canine  teeth 
— d.  Ctenes,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Cuspidati,  Canine 
teeth — d.  Dichasteres,  Inoisive  teeth — d.  Gela- 
sini,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Gomphii,  Molar  teeth— 
cL  Incisores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Lactei,  see  Denti- 
tion— cL  Laniarii,  Canine  teeth — d.  Maxillares, 
Molar  teeth — cL  Molares,  Molar  teeth — d.  Mor- 
dentes,  Canine  teeth — d.  Ocnlares,  Canine  teeth— 
d.  Primores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Rasorii,  Incisive 
teeth — d.  Sapientiaa,  see  Dentition — d.  Serotinl* 
see  Dentition— <L'  Sophroretioi,  see  Dentition — cL 
Sophronistse,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophronisteres, 
see  Dentition— d.  Tomioi,  Incisive  teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  (Ligamentum,)  diminu- 
tive  of  dene,  'a  tooth.'  Ligamen'tvm  dent  a' turn, 
Membra' na  denta'ta.  A  slender  cor$,  situate  be- 
tween the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of  the 
spinal  nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arachnoi- 
dea  and  pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  dura 
mater,  where  that  membrane  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium, and  accompanies  the  spinal  marrow  to  its 
inferior  extremity.  It  sends  off,  from  its  outer 
edge,  about  twenty  slender  processes,  in  the  form 
of  dentieuli,  each  of  which  passes  outwards  and 
connects  itself  with  the  dura  mater  in  the  inter- 
vals between  the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of 
the  nerves. 

DENTICULATUS,  Dental. 

DENTICULUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENTIDUCUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTIER,  (F.)  from  dene,  'a  tooth.'  Den- 
ture. A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on  metal 
or  ivory,  to  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar  margin. 
Dentiere  are  simple  or  double.  To  the  latter,  that 
is,  to  the  full  set,  the  name  R'&teliere  is  given. 

DENTIFORM,  Dentiform* u,  from  dene,  'a 
tooth,'  and  forma,  'form/  Resembling  a  tooth 
in  shape. 

DENTIFORMIS,  Odontoid. 

DENTIFRICE,  Dentifric"i«m,  Rented' ium 
dentifrie,'iumf  Tooth  powder,  Tooth  paete,  Odor— 
totrim'ma,  Odontoemeg'ma,  from  dene,  'a  tooth, 
and  frieare,  *  to  rub ;'  a  name  given  to  different 
powders  and  pastes  proper  for  cleansing  the  ena- 
mel of  the  teeth,  and  removing  tne  tartar  which 
covers  them.  Powdered  bark  and  chareoftl, 
united  to  any  acidulous  salt — as  cream  of  tartar 
— form  one  of  the  most  common  d\r*tifrice$. 


DENTINAL 


278 


BEOBSTRUENT 


EUctuaire  on  Opiate  Dentifrice,  of  the  Codex, 
donsists  of  coral  £iv,  cuttlefish  bones  and  cinna- 
mon, aa  gij,  cochineal  3ss,  honey  3x,  alum  gr.  iv 
or  v. 

Poudre  Dentifrice  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is 
composed  of  Bole  Armeniac,  red  coral,  [prepared,] 
and  cuttlefish  bonee,  aa  3vj,  dragon's  blood  giij, 
cochineal  !$j,  cream  of  tartar  ^ix,  cinnamon  JJij, 
cfotw«,  gr.  xij,  well  mixed. 

Charcoal,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with 
chalk,  forms  as  good  a  dentifrice  as  any. 

DEN'TINAL,  Dentina'lis,  from  dent,  'a  tooth.' 
Relating  to  the  dentine  of  the  teeth. 

DENTINE,  sec  Tooth  —  d.  Secondary,  see 
Tooth. 

DENTISCAI/PIUM,  from  dent,  'a  tooth,' and 
scalpere,  'to  scrape.'  Odonto' glyph  urn.  This 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  instrument  used 
for  scaling  the  teeth;  to  the  tooth-pick,  (F.) 
Cure-dent;  and  to  the  gum  lancet, — the  dichaus- 
$oir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,  Dentis'ta,  Odontia'ter,  Denta'rius, 
Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon- Dentist.  One  who  de- 
rotes  himself  to  the  study  of  the  diseases  of  the 
teeth,  and  their  treatment 

DEN'TISTRY,  Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a, 
Odontotherapi'a,  Dental  Surgery.  The  art  of 
the  dentist. 

DENTITIO,  Dentition— d.  Difficilis,  Dysodon- 
tiasis. 

DENTIT"ION,  DentW'io,  Denti'tis,  Odonto- 
pihy'ia,  Teething,  Odonti'asis,  Odonto'sis,  from 
dentire,  'to  breed  teeth.'  The  exit  of  the  teeth 
from  the  alveoli  and  gums ;  or  rather  the  pheno- 
mena which  characterize  the  different  periods  of 
their  existence.  The  germs  of  the  first  teeth, 
dentes  lac'tei  or  milk  teeth,  (F.)  dent  de  lait,  are 
visible  in  the  foetus  about  the  end  of  the  second 
month ;  and  they  begin  to  be  ossified  from  the 
end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the  sixth  month.  At 
birth,  the  corona  of  the  incisors  is  formed,  but 
that  of  the  canine  is  not  completed ;  and  the  tu- 
bercles of  the  molares  are  not  yet  all  united. 
Gradually  the  fang  becomes  developed;  and  at 
about  six  or  eight  months  begins  what  is  com- 
monly called,  thefir&t  dentit"ion,  OdoWtia  denti- 
tio'nit  lactan'tium.  The  two  middle  incisors  of 
the  lower  jaw  oommonly  appear  first ;  and,  some 
time  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper  jaw ;  after- 
wards, the  two  lateral  incisors  of  the  lower  jaw ; 
and  then  those  of  the  upper,  followed  by  the  four 
anterior  molares :  the  canine  or  eye-teeth,  at  first, 
those  of  the  lower,  and,  afterwards,  those  of  the 
upper  jaw,  next  appear;  and,  subsequently  and 
successively,  the  first  4  molares — 2  above  and  2 
below,  1  on  each  side.  The  whole  number  of 
the  primary,  temporary,  deciduout,  shedding  or 
milk-teeth,  (dentes  Umpora'rii,)  (F.)  Dentt  de  lait, 
is  now  20. 

The  eruption  of  the  milk-teeth  takes  place,  ap- 
proximately, in  the  following  order : 

Central  incisors 6th  to  8th  month. 

Lateral  incisors 7th  to  10th  month. 

First  molar 12th  to  14th  month. 

Canines 15th  to  20th  month. 

Second  molar 20th  to  30th  month. 

The  second  dentition  or  sheddina  of  the  teeth, 
odon'tia  dentitio'nit  pueri'lit,  Dedentit'ion,  be- 
gins about  the  age  of  6  or  7.  The  germs  or  mem- 
branous follicles  of  these  second  teeth — to  the 
number  of  32 — as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  the 
teeth  themselves,  are  visible,  even  in  the  foetus, 
with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  small  molares, 
which  do  not  appear  till  after  birth.  They  are 
contained  in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  those 
of  the  first  dentition.     Their  ossification  com- 


mences at  from  3  to  6  months  after  birth,  in  the 
incisors  and  first  molares;  at  eight  or  nine 
months,  in  the  canine ;  about  three  years,  in  the 
molares,  3}  in  the  second  great  molares,  and 
about  10  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alveolus  of  a 
new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  corresponding 
milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The  root 
of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed;  its  corona 
becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  and  all  the  first  teeth 
are  gradually  replaced  by  the  permanent  teeth, 
Den'tes  serot'ini.  This  second  dentition  becomes 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  increased  size 
of  the  jaws.  The  new  teeth  have  neither  the 
same  direction  nor  the  same  shape  as  the  old ; 
and  they  are  more  numerous,  amounting  till  the 
age  of  25,  (sooner  or  later,)  to  28.  About  this 
period,  a  small  molaris  appears  at  the  extremity 
of  each  jaw,  which  is  called  Dens  sapicn'tut  or 
wisdom  tooth,  Dens  serotinus,  Dens  tophroret'icus, 
D.  fiophronit'ta,  D.  sophronis'ter,  (F.)  Arriire- 
dent,  Dent  de  sagesse,  making  the  whole  number 
of  permanent  teeth  32. 

The  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  is  remark- 
able for  its  general  regularity ;  so  that  it  consti- 
tutes an  important  means  for  ascertaining  the 
age  of  the  individual  during  the  early  period  of 
life. 

First  molars * 7th  year. 

Central  incisors.. . . .  • 8th  year. 

Lateral  incisors 9th  year. 

First  bicuspids 10th  year. 

Second  biouBpids 11th  year. 

Canines .12th  year. 

Second  molars. ....'.  13th  year. 

The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  precede  by  a  few 
weeks  those  of  the  upper. 

During  the  period  of  dentition,  that  is,  of  the 
first  dentition,  the  infant  is  especially  liable  to 
disease; — the  irritation,  produced  by  the  pressure 
of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent  gum,  some- 
times occasioning  pyrexia,  convulsions,  diarrhoea, 
Ac,  which  symptoms  are  often  strikingly  relieved 
by  a  free  division  of  the  distended  gum.  This 
disordered  condition  is  called  Teething,  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis,  Odonti'asis,  Odontalgia  dentitio'nit, 
Odaxis'mue. 

DENTITIS,  Dentition. 

DENTIUM  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth— 
d.  Dolor,  Odontalgia — d.  Nitor,  Enamel  of  the) 
teeth  —  d.  Scalptura,  (Lanoing  the  gums,)  see 
Gum  lancet — d.  Vacillantia,  Odontoseisis. 

DENTO,  from  Dens,  'a  tooth.'  One  whose 
teeth  are  prominent. 

DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid. 

DENTS  BICUSPIDJsBS,  Bicuspid  teeth— <*. 
Col  des,  Collum  dentium — d.  Condidet,  Canine 
teeth— rf.  de  Lait,  see  Dentition— d.  Machelieree, 
Molar  teeth — d.  Molairet,  Molar  teeth— A  Multi~ 
cutpidiet,  Molar  teeth,  great — <L  QSillilres,  Ca- 
nine teeth. 

DENTURE,  Dentier. 

DENUDA'TION,  Denuda'tio,  Gymno'sis,  from 
denudare,  (de,  and  nndare,)  'to  lay  bare.'  Con- 
dition of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natural  coverings, 
whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or  abscess.  It  is 
particularly  applied  to  the  bones,  when  deprived 
of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the  teeth  when  they 
lose  their  enamel  or  dental  substance. 

DEOB'STRUENT,  Deob'ttruent,  Dephrac'ti- 
cum,  Deoppi'lans,  Deoppilati'vum,  Ecphrac'tic, 
from  de,  and  obstruere,  (ob,  and  struere,)  'to  ob- 
struct' (F.)  Disobstruant,  Disobstructif,  Disopi- 
latif,  DUopilanU  Medicines  given  with  the  view 
of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word  corre- 
sponds to  aperient,  in  its  general,  not  in  Its  par* 


DB&ODORIZEB 


270 


DEPURATOBY 


titular  mow.  It  is  now  Almost  abandoned,  and, 
when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite  ideas. 

DEODORIZER,  AnUbromic 

DEONTOL'OGY,  Deontolog"ia;  from  ra  itorra, 
4  what  is  fitting  or  necessary,'  and  Aoyot,  '  a  de- 
scription.' A  word  introduced  by  Bentham  to 
signify  morals,  or  the  science  of  duties. 

Med'ical  Deontol'ogt,  Deontolog"ia  med'iea, 
(F.)  Diontologie  midicale,  Medical  ethics,  Me- 
dical etiquette.  The  duties  and  rights  of  medical 
practitioners. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent 

DEPASCENS,  Phagedenic. 

DEPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished. 

DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 

DEPHRACTICUM,  Deobstruent 

DJSPILATIF,  Depilatory. 

DEPILATIO,  Alopecia—  d.  Capitis,  Calvities. 

DEPILA'TION,  -LVptYa'fio,  Dropacis'mus,  Ma- 
de'sis,  Mad'isis,  Psilo'sis,  from  de,  and  pilus, '  hair.' 
Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or  by  art. 

DEP'ILATORY,  Depilato'rium,  Dropax,  Psi- 
lo'thron,  Ectillot'icus,  Epilato'rium,  (F.)  Depila- 
toire,  Dlpilatif.  Any  thing  which  causes  the 
loss  of  the  hair.  Depilatories  are,  usually  caustic 
applications,  in  which  quicklime  or  some  other 
alkaline  substance,  sulphuret  of  iron,  Ac,  enter. 

Depilatory,  Collet's,  seems  to  consist  of 
quicklime  and  a  portion  of  sulphuret  of  potassa. 

A  pitch  plaster,  Pitch-cap,  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  depilatory.  It  of  course  pulls  the  hair  out 
by  the  roots. 

Deleroix's  depilatory,  and  Plenck*s  depilatory, 
hare  a  similar  composition. 

DEPI'LIS,  same  etymon.  Devoid  of  hair. 
Hairless. 

DEPLE'TION,  Deple'tio,  from  depleo,  'I  un- 
load.' The  act  of  unloading  the  vessels,  by 
blood-letting  and  the  different  evacuants.  Also, 
inordinate  evacuation. 

DEPLE'TORY,  Depleting.  Having  relation 
to  depletion : — as  'a  depletory  or  depleting  agent.' 

DEPLUMA'TIO,  Ptilo'sis,  from  deplumis,  {de 
and  pluma,)  *  without  feathers.'  A  disease  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  they  arc  swollen,  and  the  eye- 
lashes fall  out     See-  Madarosis. 

DEPOS'IT,  Depos'itum,  from  depono,  (de  and 
poiw,  *  to  lay  or  put,')  '  to  lay  or  put  down.'  (F.) 
DepCt.  Any  thing  laid  or  thrown  down.  In 
physiology  and  pathology,  a  structureless  sub- 
stance, separated  from  the  blood  or  other  fluid, 
as  the  typhous,  tuberculous,  purulent,  melanic, 
and  diphtheritic  deposits. 

Dbpos'it,  Feculence. 

DEPOS'ITIVE,  Depositi'vus,  from  deponere, 
(de  and  ponere,)  to  ' depose,'  '  to  put  down.'  An 
epithet  used  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  express 
that  condition  of  the  membrane  in  which  plastio 
lymph  is  exuded  into  the  tissue  of  the  derma,  so 
as  to  give  rise  to  the  production  of  small  hard 
elevations  of  the  skin,  or  pimples.  Under  "  de- 
positive  inflammation  of  the  derma/'  he  comprises 
strophulus,  lichen  and  prurigo. 

d£pOT,  Abscess,  Sediment— <L  Laiteuse  stir 
la  Cnisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens — d.  de  V  Urine,  Se- 
diment of  the  urine. 

DEPRAVATION,  Deprava'tto,  from  de  and 
pravus,  'bad.'  Perversion,  corruption; — as  de- 
pravation of  the  taste,  Ac. 

DEPREHENSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 

DEPRESSION,  Depres'sio,  Impres'sio,  from 
deprimere,  depressum  (de,  and  premere,)  '  to  de- 
press;' Esphla'sis.  In  Anatomy,  it  means  an 
excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.  In  Surgery,  it  is 
applied  to  a  fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which 
the  portions  of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards ; 
(F.)  Subgrondation,  Entablement;   called  also, 


Catapi'esis,  Campsis  Depres'tio,  Thlasis  Dcpres'- 
sio.  Depression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  means  Couch- 
ing.—See  Cataract 

Depression  also  means  dejection  or  dejectednese 
— Ademon'ia,  Ademo'syni,  Demis'sio  animi. 

D&PRESSOIRE,  Meningophylax. 

DEPRESS'OR,  (F.)  Abaisseur.  Same  etymon. 
Several  mnsoles  have  been  so  termed,  because 
they  depress  the  parts  on  which  they  act 

Deprbssob  Ala  Nasi,  D.  la'bii  superio'ris 
alaque  nasi,  Ineisi'tms  me'dius,  Myrtifor'mis, 
Depressor  Labii  superio'ris  pro'prius,  Oonstrieto'- 
res  ala'rum  nasi  ae  depreeso'res  la'bii  superio'ris, 
MaxtUo-alvtoli-nasal—-^ut  of  the  labialis,  (Ch.,) 
(F.)  Abaisseur  de  Vaile  du  nee.  It  arises  from 
the  superior  maxillary  bone  immediately  above 
the  junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two  incisor 
and  canine  teeth ;  and  passes  upwards  to  be  in- 
serted into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the  ala  nasi, 
which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  An'guli  Oris,  Triangula' ris,  De- 
pressor labio'rum  commu'nis,  Depressor  labiorum, 
(F.)  Sousmaxillo- labial,  Maxillo- labial  (Ch.), 
Abaisseur  de  V angle  des  Uvres  ou  Muscle  Trian- 
gulaire.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower  part  of 
the  face.  Its  form  is  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  outer  oblique  line  on  the  lower  jawbone,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  the  commissure  of  the 
lips,  which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  La'bii  Intkrio'ris;  Quadra' tus, 
Quadra' tus  menti,  Depressor  labii  inferio'ris  pro'- 
prius,— Mentonnier-labial,  Mento-labial  (Ch.), 
(F.)  CarrS  du  Menton,  Houppe  du  Menton,  Abais- 
seur de  la  Uvre  in/frieure.  A  small,  thin,  and 
quadrilateral  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  ex- 
ternal oblique  line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  ascends 
to  the  lower  lip,  where  it  becomes  confounded 
with  the  orbicularis  oris.  It  pulls  the  lower  lip 
downwards  and  outwards. 

Depressor  Labii  Superioris  Proprius,  D. 
AIsb  nasi  —  d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris — d.  Oculi,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

Depressor  Pal'pebr^c  Inferio'ris.  A  fleshy 
bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  palpebrals 
muscle.  Heistcr  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  admitted  now. 

DEPRESSORIUM,  Meningophylax. 

DEPRIMENS  AURICULA,  Rctrahens  auria 
—  d.  Max  ill a3  bi venter,  Digastricus  —  d.  Oculi, 
Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

DEPRIMENTIA,  Sedatives. 

DEPURAN'TIA,  from  depurare,  (de,  and  pu- 
rus,)  'to  purify.'  (F.)  Dipuratifs.  Medicines 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  supposed  to 
possess  the  property  of  removing,  from  the  mass 
of  blood  or  humours,  those  principles  which  dis- 
turbed their  purity ;  and  of  directing  them  to- 
wards some  one  of  the  natural  emunctories.  The 
juices  of  what  were  called  anti-soorbutio  herbs, 
sulphur,  and  many  other  medicines,  were  ranked 
under  this  class. 

DEPURATIFS,  Depurantia, 

DEPURA'TION,  Depura'Ho.  Same  etymon. 
Catharis'moe,  Munda'tio.  In  Pathology,  depura- 
tion has  been  used  for  the  process  by  which  na- 
ture purifies  the  animal  economy,  either  by  tho 
agency  of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  sponta- 
neous evacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medi- 
cine.   See  Clarification,  and  Depuratory. 

DEPURATIVE,  Depuratory. 

DEP'URATORY.  Same  etymon.  Depurato'- 
rius,  Depurative.  That  which  causes  depuration, 
as  the  urinary  and  cutaneous  depurations.  Ap- 
plied, also,  to  diseases,  which  have  been  consi- 
dered capable  of  modifying  the  constitution  ad- 
vantageously, by  acting  on  the  composition  of 
the  fluids  —  such  as  certaic  eruptions,  intermit- 


DEKADEN 


260 


DER0N0U8 


tents,  Ac  The  word  is,  also,  appropriated  to 
medicines  and  diet,  by  which  the  same  effect  is 
sought  to  be  induced. 

DBR'ADEN,  from  feftr,  'the  neck,'  and  *fav, 
<  a  gland.'    A  gland  in  the  neok. 

DERADENI'TIS,  from  hp,  'neck,-*  «Aw>,  'a 
gland;'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  glands  of  the  neok. 

DERADBNON'CUS,  from  fcfw,  'the  neck/ 
ainv,  'a  gland,'  and  oym,  'a  swelling.'  Tume- 
faction of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DERANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  itpn,  'neck,' 
and  anencephalia,  *  absence  of  brain.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  only  a  small  portion  of  the 
brain  exists,  resting  on  the  cervical  vertebrae  — 
more  properly  derencepha'lia, 

DERANGED,  Insane. 

DERANGEMENT,  Insanity. 

DERBIA,  Impetigo. 

DERENCEPHALIA,  Deranencephalia. 

DERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  hpr,,  'the  neck,' 
and  K&paXrj,  'head.'  A  monster  whose  brain  is 
in  the  neck.— G.  St  Hilairo. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DERIVANS,  Derivative. 

DJSBIVATJF,  Derivative. 

DERIVATION,  Deriva'tio,  Defied  tio,  Paro- 
cheieu'eU,  Antilej/eie,  An  tie' poets,  Bevul'eion, 
(Jura  derivati'va  seu  revuUo'ria,  from  de,  and 
rivue,  '  a  river.'  When  a  '  centre  of  fluxion'  is 
established  in  a  part,  for  the  purpose  of  abstract- 
ing the  excited  vital  manifestations  from  some 
other,  a  derivation  is  operated. 

The  term  Derivation  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  suction  power  of  the  heart,  —  an 
agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

DERIVATIVE,  Defied  ten*,  Deri' van*,  Deri- 
vato'rius,  from  derivare,  'to  drain  off.'  Antie- 
pae'tictu,  Bevel' lent,  Bevul'sive,  BevuUi'vue,  Be- 
vuUo'riue,  (F.)D4rivati/,BfvuUif.  Same  etymon. 
A  remedy,  which  by  producing  a  modified  action 
in  some  organ  or  texture  derive*  from  the  morbid 
condition  of  some  other,  organ  or  texture.  Re- 
vellente  are  amongst  the  most  important  reme- 
dies: they  include,  indeed,  every  physical  and 
moral  agent,  which  is  capable  of  modifying  the 
function  of  innervation,  and  therefore  almost 
every  article  of  the  materia  medica.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Derivatives. 

1.  Epispastics. —  Aoidum  Aceticum,  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Allium,  Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum,  Asafcetida,  Cantharis,  Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum,  Olea  Essentialia,  Pix  Abietis, 
8inapis,  Caloric,  Friction. 

2.  Vbsicants. — Ammonia,  Argenti  Nitras,  Can- 
tharis, Cantharis  Vittata,  Hydrargyri  Iodidum 
rubrum,  Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric 

8.  Suppxtrants.  —  Acida  Mineralia,  Antimonii 
et  PotasssB  Tartras,  Cantharis,  Mecereum,  Pix 
Abietis,  Sabina,  Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus,  Seta- 
oeum. 

4.  —  Escharotics.  —  A.  Erodento.  —  Acidum 
Aoetlcum,  Acida  Mineralia,  Alumen  Exsiocatum, 
Argenti  Nitras,  Capri  Sub-Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Sabina,  Saccharum  Purissimum. — 

B.  Actual  Cauterants.—  Caloric,  White  Hot 
Iron,  Moxa. — 

C.  Potential  Cauterant*.— Aoidum  Arseniosnm, 
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti- 
monii Murias,  Argenti  Nitras,  Calx,  Potaesa, 
Potassa  cum  Calce,  Zinci  Chloridum. 

DERTVATORIUS,  Derivative. 
DERMA,  Cutis. 
DERMAD,  see  Dermal  Aspect. 
DERMAL,  Dermic,  Derma' lit,  Der'mieut,  from 
Up*a,  ( the  skin.'    Relating  or  belonging  to  the 


Dbrmal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  skin 
or  external  surface. — Barclay.  Dermad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  dermal  aspect.' 

DERMAL'GIA,  Dermatol' gia,  Dermatodyn'ia, 
from  tafia,  'the  skin,'  and  a\yo<,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of  the  skin.  Rheumatic 
Dermalgia  or  Bheumatiem  of  the  ekin  is  a  form 
of  neuralgia,  which  is  referred,  at  times,  to  the 
nervous  trunks,  muscles,  Ac,  but  appears  to  be 
seated  in  the  cutaneous  nerves. 

DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra. 

DERMATALGIA,  Dermalgia. 

DERMATAUXE,  Dermatophyma. 

DERMATIATRI'A,  from  itppa,  'skin,'  and 
larpua, '  healing.'  Healing  of  cutaneous  diseases. 
The  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  skin.  Diader- 
niatri'a,  Dermatocrati'a. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation. 

DERMATOCHOLOSIS,  Icterus. 

DERMATOCHYSIS,  Anasarca. 

DERMATOCRATIA,  see  Dermatiatria. 

DERMAT0DE8,  Dermatoid. 

DERMATODYNIA,  Dermalgia. 

DER'MATOID,  DtrmatoVde;  Dermato'da, 
DermoVdee,  Dermo'de*,  Dermoid,  from  Scppa,  'the 
skin,'  and  «&»r,  'form.'  That  which  is  similar 
to  the  skin.  This  name  is  given  to  different  tis- 
sues, which  resemble  the  skin.  The  dura  mater 
has  been  so  called  by  some. 

Morbi  dermato'dee,  ohronio  cutaneous  diseases. 

DERMATOL'OGY,  Dermatolog"ia,  DermoV- 
ogy,  from  itppa,  'the  skin,'  and  \oyos,  'a  dis- 
course.'   A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPATHIA,  Cutaneous  disease. 

DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS,  Induration  of 
the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPHY'MA,Der»vtfattx'e,  from  Jcput 
'skin,'  and  <pvfia,  'tumour.'  A  tumefaction  of 
the  skin.' 

DERMATOPHYMATA  VENEREA,  Condy- 
lomata. 

DERMATORRHAG"IA,  Dermatorrkcda,  from 
Sefua,  'akin/  and  oayrj,  'rupture.'  A  discharge 
of  Wood  from  the  skin. 

DERMATORRH(EA,  Dermatorrhagia. 

DERMATOSCLEROSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOSES,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

DERMATOSIES  V^B  OLE  USES,  Sypki- 
lidee. 

DERMATOSPASMUS,  Horrid*  cutis. 

DERMATOTYLOMA,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLUS,  Callosity. 

DERMIC,  Der'mieut,  Dervxat'icu*,  Dermati. 
fttif,  Dermatic,  Dermal,  Derma'lis;  from  6tpfia9 
'  skin.'    Relating  to  the  Skin. 

DERMITIS,  Cytitis. 

DERMODES,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOG'RAPHY,Dermo^ax>A'ui,from  itfpa, 
'the  skin,'  and  ypa<pu>,  'I  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOH,£'MIA,  from  itpfta,  'skin,' and 
'aijra,  'blood.'    Hyperemia  or  congestion  of  the 

DERMOID,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOLOGY,  Dormatology. 

DERMO-SEELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

DERMO-SYPHILIDES,  Syphilides. 

DERMOT'OMY,  Dermotom'ia,  from  feppa,  'the 
skin,'  and  rtpmv,  '  to  out'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  skin. 

DERODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

DERONCUS,  Bronohooele. 


DHRTROH 


SSI 


DBTRUNCATION 


B1RTRON.  THi  word,  which  is  used  by 
Hippocrates,  signified,  according  to  some,  the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  bat  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.    See  Epiploon. 

DISARTICULATION,  (F.),  from  de,  and 
artieulus,  'a  joint.'  Disjointing.  A  word  used 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  amputa- 
tion at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  dividing 
the  ligaments,  and  separating  the  articular  sur- 
faces. The  word  has,  also,  been  used  for  that 
kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  separate  the  -different  bones  of  the 
skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the  head. 

DESCALORINltSES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
color,  *  heaL'  A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  dis- 
eases which  are  characterized  by  diminished  heat 

DESCEMET,  MEMBRANE  OF,  see  Aqueous 
Humour,  and  Cornea. 

DESCEMETI'TIS.  A  term  improperly  formed, 
and  really  signifying '  inflammation  of  Deseemet' 
Inflammation  of  the  membrane  of  Deseemet. 

DESCENDENS  NONI,  see  Hypoglossals. 

DESGEN6I0,  Catabasis. 

DESCENSUS,  Catabasis— d.  Testiculorum, 
Orohido-catabasis. 

DESGENTE,  Hernia— d.  de  la  Matrxce,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

DESECTUS,  Castratos. 

D&8ENFLURE,  Dftumeecenee. 

DESICCANTIA,  Desiccativa. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining. 

DESICCATION,  Drying. 

DESICCATPVA,  Desican'tia,  Siccan'tia,  Ex- 
liecati'va,  from  deeiceare,  (de,  and  eiceare,)  'to 
dry  up.'  (F.)  fiiniccatifs.  Remedies,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  dry  up  the  humours  or 
moisture  from  a  wound. 

DESIPIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DESIRE,  Libido  —  d.  Venereal,  Appetite,  ve- 
nereal, see  Libido. 

DES'MA,  Dts'me,  Det'mue.  A  bandage,  a  liga- 
ment   Hence : 

DESMATTJR'GIA,  from  fa*«f  'bandage,'  and 
tfrov,  'work.'  The  doctrine  of  the  application 
of  bandages.    Bandaging. 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 

DESMEUX,  Ligamentous. 

DESMTTIS,  Desmophlogo'sis,  De$mophlog"ia, 
from  ittrpn,  'a  ligament,'  and  ttie,  denoting  in- 
flammation.   Inflammation  of  ligaments. 

DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,  from  itorot,  'ligament,' 
and  gawtwf,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament 

DESMODYN'IA,  from  imp*,  'ligament,'  ud 
•com,  'pain.'    Pain  in  the  ligaments. 

DE8MOG'RAPHY,  Desmograpk'ia,  from  Jcv- 
rK,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypa<prj,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  ligaments. 

DESMOID  TISSUE,  from  itepos,  'a  ligament,' 
and  ttios,  'shape.')  Ligamen'tous  Tissue,  Textue 
deemo'sus.  This  tissue  is  very  generally  diffused 
over  the  human  body;  has  a  very  close  connexion 
with  the  areolar  tissue,  and  is  continuous  with  it 
In  divers  places.  It  constitutes  the  ligaments, 
aponeuroses,  Ac. 

DESMOI/OGT,  De*molog"ia,  from  Seepos,  'a 
ligament,'  and  \oyot,  'a  discourse,'  'a  treatise.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

DESMOPHLOGIA,  Desmitis. 

DESMORRHEX'IS,  from  Stepot,  'a  ligament,' 
and  pvfa,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  an  articular 
ligament 

DB8MOS,  Ligament 

DBSMOSUS,  Ligamentous. 

DESMOT'OMY,  Deemotom'ta,  ttomitepos,  'a 
ligament,'  and  rtpvuv,  'to  cut'    The  part  of 


anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting 
the  ligaments. 

DfSOBSTRUANT,  Deobstruent 

DJSSOBSTRUCTIF,  Deobstruent 

D&SOPILATIF,  Deobstruent 

DISORGANISATION,  Disorganization. 

DJiSOXYQENiSES,  from  de,  and  oxygen. 
M.  Banmes  includes  under  this  title  an  order  of 
diseases,  which  he  considers  dependent  upon  a 
diminution  in  the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  neces- 
sary for  the  animal  economy. 

DESPOTATS,  (F.)  Infirm  soldiers,  formerly 
charged  with  the  office  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle :  perhaps  from  desporta'- 
tor,  'one  who  bears  away.'  The  class  of  Despo- 
tats  was  introduced  by  LeoYL,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  9th  century. 

DESPUMA'TION,  Despuma'tio,  Apapkrie'moe. 
Epaphris'moe,  from  desvumare,  (de,  and  spuma,) 
'  to  skinr '  '  to  remove  the  froth.'  The  separation 
of  the  froth  and  other  impurities,  which  rise,  by 
the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  surface  of  any  fluid. 

DESQUAMATION,  Desquama'tio  Cutis,  Ec- 
lep'isie,  Apoeyr'ma,  Apolep'isis,  ApoUpis'mue, 
Moulting,  from  deeemamare,  (de,  and  squama,  '• 
scale/)  '  to  scale  off.'  Exfoliation,  or  separation 
of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of  scales,  of  a  greater 
or  less  sise.  This  affection  is  a  common  conse- 
quence of  exanthematous  diseases. 

DESQUAMATORIUS,  Exfoliative. 

DESSltCHEMENT,  Atrophy,  Draining. 

DESSWATIFS,  Desicativa. 

DESTILLATIO,  Corysa,  Distillation— d.  Pee* 
torts,  Catarrh. 

DESTRUCTIO,  Diaphthora. 

DESUDA'TIO,  Ephidro'si;  Sudan' ina.  Sir 
dro'a,  from  desudare,  (de,  and  sudare,  '  to  sweat') 
Dssudation  means  a  profuse  and  inordinate  sweat- 
ing, a  muoksweat;  but,  moBt  commonly,  the  term 
is  applied  to  an  eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar 
to  millet  seed,  which  appears  chiefly  on  children, 
and  is  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness. 

DiSYMPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 

DETENTIO,  Catalepsy. 

DETERGENS,  Abstergent 

DETERMENTS,  from  dctergert,  (de,  and  fer- 
gere,  '  to  clean/)  '  to  cleanse.'  Detergen'tia,  De- 
ter so' ria,  Extergen'tia,  Abstergen'tia,  Abstersi'va, 
Absterso'ria,  Abluen'tia,  Traumatica,  Smec'- 
tica,  Emundan'tia,  Mundificati'va,  Mundifican'- 
tia,  Rhyp'tica,  Abster' sives,  (F.)  DStersi/s,  Jfundi- 
ficatifs.  Medicines,  which  possess  the  power  to 
deterge  or  cleanse  parts,  as  wounds,  uloers,  Ac 
They  belong  to  the  class  of  stimulants,  or  to  that 
of  emollients. 

DETERMINATION,  Dctermina'tio,  from  de, 
and  terminus,  '  a  boundary.'  Strong  direction  to 
a  given  point;  —  as  ' a  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head.' 

DJSTERSIFS,  Detergents. 

DETERSORIA,  Detergents. 

DETERSO'RIUM,  from  detergere,  'to  cleanse.' 
The  place,  in  ancient  bathing  establishments, 
where  the  bather  was  cleansed  and  dried. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 

DJSTORSE,  Sprain.  

DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

DETRI'TUS,  from  deterere,  (de,  and  terert,) 
'to  bruise  or  wear  out'  The  residuum,  occupying 
the  place  of  the  organic  texture  of  parts  which 
have  undergone  disorganization. 

DETROIT  ABDOMINALE,  Pelvis  (brim)— 
d\  In/trieur,  Pelvis  (outlet)— d.  Plrtnsat,  Pelvis 
(outlet)— d.  Snpirieur,  Pelvis  (brim.) 

DlSTRONCATION,  Detruncatio. 

DETRUNCA'TION,  Detnmca'tio,  (F.)  JW«ros>- 
cation,  from  de,  and  truncus, '  a  trunk.'    Sepant* 


DETRUSION 


282 


DIABETES 


ton  of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  foetus,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DETRU'SION,  Detru'sio;  same  etymon  as  the 
next  The  act  of  thrusting  or  forcing  down  or 
uway.  Applied  by  Dr.  Walshe  to  lateral  displace- 
ment of  the  heart  by  extraneous  pressure. 

DETRU'SOR  URFN.E,  Protru'eor,  from  cfe- 
trudere,  (de,  and  t  rude  re,)  'to  thrust  down  or 
from.'  The  muscular  coat  of  the  urinary  bladder 
was  formerly  so  called.  It  was,  also,  named 
Constrictor  Veei'ca  Urina'ria. 
.  D&  TUMESCENCE  (F. ),  Detumescen'tia,  from 
detumere,  (de,  and  tumere,)  'to  cease  to  swell/  A 
diminution  of  swelling.  This  word  has  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  the  French  word  Disen- 
jlure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more  particularly 
applied  to  the  diminution  of  oedema  or  anasarca; 
the  former,  to  the  resolution  of  a  tumour  properly 
so  called. 

DEUNX.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of  II 
ounces,  supposing  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEURENS  (FEBRIS,)  Causus. 

DEUS  COPULATIONIS,  Cupido. 

DEUTERANCEA,  Dementia. 

DEUTERI'A,  from  tnrtpos,  'the  second.'  Vo- 
ce! has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms  produced 
by  retention  of  the  secundines.  The  word  was 
also  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a  seoond  or  infe- 
rior wine. 

DEUTERION,  Secundines. 

DEUTEROPATHI'A,  Hyeteropathi'a,  Morbus 
etcunda'rius,  from  Scvrtpos,  'the  second/  and 
ra$o$,  '  disease.'  A  secondary  disease.  One  pro- 
duced by  another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in 
some  measure,  symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic 
effect 

DEUTEROS'COPY,  Deuteroecop'ia,  from  Stv- 
rtpost  'the  second,'  and  <r*oircM,  'I  view.'  Se- 
oond sight  A  fancied  power  of  seeing  future 
things  or  events. 

DEUTO,  ievTtpot,  'second.'  A  prefix  denoting 
two,  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two  degrees 
of  oxidation. 

DEVELOPMENT,  Evolu'tio,  from  (F.)  dive- 
topper,  'to  unfold.'  In  Physiology,  it  means 
growth  or  increase ;  and  in  Pathology,  its  signi- 
fication is  similar.  By  development  of  the  pulse, 
e.  g.  is  understood  an  increase  in  its  strength  and 
fulness.  Diseases  of  development,  Morbi  evolu- 
tio'nis,  are  such  as  are  peculiar  to  the  period  of 
growth. 

'Taking  Developkehts.'  A  term  used  by 
practical  craniologists  to  signify  the  act  of  mea- 
suring prominences  of  the  skull,  whioh  are  re- 
garded by  them  as  indicating  the  size  of  corre- 
sponding cerebral  organs. 

Development,  Vesicle  of,  see  Vesicle  of  De- 
velopment 

DEVERTICULITM,  Diverticulum. 

DEVIA'TION,  Devia'tio,  from  de,  'from/  and 
via,  '  the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  By  this  word 
is  meant  —  a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones ;  —  faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part ;  —  the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk,  Ac,  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them. 

D&VIATION  DES  R&GLES,  Menstruation 
(vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IN  A  BUSH,  Nigella-d.  Bit,  Vera- 
tram  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Seabiosa  suo- 
cisa.  Chamalirium  luteum — d.  Bite,  Liatris — d. 
Dung,  Asafostida— d.  Shoestrings,  Galega  Virgi- 
niana. 

DEVIRGINATIO,  Defloration,  Stuprum. 

D&V01EMENT,  Diarrhoea. 


DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  osseins 

— d.  Plant,  Rubus  cassias. 

DEWCLAWS,  Grusta  genu  equina). 

DEXIS,  Degmus. 

DEXOCAR'DIA,  from  Stl-iog,  'right/  and  *ep- 
Sia,  'the  heart'  A  case  in  which  the  heart  is 
found  to  beat  on  the  right  Bide.  It  is  met  with 
occasionally  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEX'TANS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  suppos- 
ing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTERINA,  Dextrine. 

DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'  towards  the  dextral  aspect'    See  Mesial. 

Dextral  Aspect,  see  Mesial. 

DEXTRAL'ITY,  from  dexter,  'right'  The 
state  of  being  on  the  right  side.  Right-handed- 
ness.    The  state  of  being  right-handed. 

DEXTRIN,  Dextrine,  Dextri'num,  Dexteri'na, 
British  gum,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  So 
called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays,  in  the  polari- 
zation of  light,  more  to  the  right  hand  than  any 
substance  known.  A  substance  obtained  by  the 
continued  action  of  diluted  sulphuric  acid  upon 
starch  at  the  boiling  point  It  is  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  by  the  '  immovable  appa- 
ratus.' The  bandages  are  soaked  in  a  solution, 
in  water,  of  the  dextrine  —  previously  moistened 
thoroughly  with  tincture  of  camphor,  to  prevent 
it  from  leaking  when  the  water  is  added.  The 
solution  should  be  of  the  consistence  of  molasses. 

DEXTRINUM,  Dextrine. 

DI,  Ji,  its,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Dtcro- 
tus,  Digastricue,  Ac. 

DIA,  Sta,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated/  When  prefixed- to  any  thera- 
peutical agent,  it  meant  in  ancient  pharmacy,  a 
preparation  into  which  that  agent  entered. 

DIABEBOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

DIABJtTE,  Diabetes— d.  Chyleux,  Chyluria— 
d.  Faux,  see  Diabetes — d.  Ineipide,  see  Diabetes 
— d.  Sucrf,  Diabetes  (melKtus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  iia,  'through/  and  &atv», 
'I  pass.'  Uri'niB  profiu'vium,  Ilyperdiure'eie, 
Sipho  uri'ncB,  Urorrhag"ia,  Polyu'ria,  Hydrope 
ad  mat'ulam,  IT.  Mattl'lce,  Poly  ure' sis,  Uroze'mia, 
Ureorrhae'a,  Dip' moot,  Diarrhae'a  in  Urind,  D. 
urino'sa,  (F.)  Diabite,  Flux  d1  Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  often 
manifest  alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine ;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation.  Cul- 
len  has  described  two  species: — Diabetes  insip'- 
idus  and  D.  Melli'tus;  the  former,  (F.)  Dialite 
faux  ou  insipid*,  Diablte,  being,  simply,  a  super- 
abundant discharge  of  limpid  urine,  of  its  usual, 
urinary  taste:  the  latter,  D.Melli'tm,  called, also, 
Paru'ria  Melli'ta,  Diabetes  An'glicus,  D.  verms, 
Melitu'ria,  Olucosu'ria,  Glyeyrrhce'a  urino'sa, 
Uroze'mia  melli'ta,  SaccharorrhceJ a  urino'ta, 
Phthisu'ria,  Uro-phthi' sis,  Tabes  diuretic*  sen 
diabetica,  Dyspep'sia  sacckarig',ena%  Apoceno'- 
sis  Diabetes  Me  Hi' tu*,  Sae'eharine  diabetes,  (F.) 
Diablte  sucri,  Hyperurorrhie  saccharine,  Pktki- 
surie  sucrie, —  falls  under  the  definition  given 
above.  The  quantity  of  urine,  discharged  in  the 
24  hours,  is  sometimes  excessive,  amounting  to 
30  pints  and  upwards;  each  pint  containing 
sometimes  2±  oi.  saccharine  matter.  This  re- 
places the  urea,  whioh  is  not  found  in  quantity 
in  the  urine  of  those  labouring  under  diabetes. 
Where  the  disease  is  situate  is  not  clear.  The 
whole  system  of  nutrition,  however,  seems  to  be 
morbidly  implicated.  A  part  of  the  urine  must 
be  formed  at  the  expense  of  the  system,  as  the 
egesta  frequently  far  exceed  the  solid  and  liquid 
ingesta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid  appearance  i* 
met  with,  sufficient  to  enable  us  to  fix  on  the  seat 
of  this  distressing  affection. 


DIABETIC 


283 


DLERESIS 


AH  the  remedies  that  hare  been  tried  have 
usually  been  found  insufficient  in  D.  Mellitus. 

J),  insip'idus,  Hyperure'sis  aquo'sa,  Hydru'ria, 
Hydrure'sis,  Paru'ria  ineon'tinens  aquo'sa,  Dia- 
Wtes  spu'rius,  Urorrhce'a,  U'real  Diabetes,  (F.) 
Polvurie,  Hyperurrorrhie,  DiabHe  insipide,  Faux 
diabite,  which  occurs  in  hysterical  habits,  and 
has,  hence,  been  called  D.  hystericus,  is  of  com- 
paratively trifling  moment.  Exclusive  diet,  and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpira- 
tion, which  have  sometimes  produced  good  effects 
In  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly  failed. 

Diabetes  Aicglicus,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Chylo- 
sus,  Chyluria — d.  Insipidus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Lactea,  Chyluria — d.  Mellitus,  see  Diabetes — d. 
Spurius,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Ureal,  see  Diabetes — 
d.  Verus,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABETIC,  Diabe'ticus.  Same  etymon.  Re- 
lating  to  diabetes. 

Diabetic  Sugar,  Glucose. 

DIABOT'ANUM,  from  ita,  and  flora*,,  'an 
herb.'  A  medicine,  prepared  with  herbs. — Galen. 

DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 

DIABRO'TICUS,  from  ita,  and  &>»<««,  'I  eat 
or  corrode.'  A  substance,  capable  of  causing  ero- 
sion of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.  It  ordina- 
rily means  a  medicine,  whose  activity  places  it 
between  escharotics  and  caustics.  See  Corrosive. 

DIACAR'YON,  from  iia,  and  Kapvov,  'a  nut.' 
Hob  nucum.    The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 

DIACASSIA  CUMMANNA,Confeotiocassi{e. 

DIACATHOL'ICON,  Diacathol'icum,  from  ita, 
and  Ka$o\tKos,  *  universal.'  The  name  of  a  purge, 
so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.  It  was  an 
electuary,  and' composed  of  the  pulp  of  cassia, 
tamarinds,  leave*  of  senna,  root  of  polypody,  flow- 
ers of  the  violet,  rhubarb  root,  aniseed,  sugar, 
liquorice,  and  fennel. 

DIACAU'SIS,  from  itaxaws,  'I  burn/  Exces- 
tive  heat     Over-heating. 

DIACAUST'IC,  Diacausticus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction ;  as  a  double 
convex  lens,  which  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing  the  sun's  rays 
upon  it 

DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
CornachinL 

DIACHALA'SIS,  from  AogoAaav,  'to  be  open 
or  relaxed."  Hippocrates  uses  this  word  for  frac- 
ture of  the  bones  of  the  skull ;  or  for  relaxation 
and  separation  of  the  sutures,  in  consequence  of 
a  wound  of  the  head. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHALCIT'EOS,  from  ita,  and  gaWc$, 
'chaleitia  or  eolcothar.'  A  plaster,  whose  com- 
position is  the  same  as  that  of  the  diapalma, 
except  that,  in  place  of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  a 
mixture  of  oil  and  eolcothar  is  substituted. 

DIACHEIRIS'MOS,  Diacheir'isis,  Tracta'tio 
manua'ria,  from  ita,  and  gup,  *  the  hand.'  The 
preparation,  administration,  and  dispensing  of 
medicines. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHORE'MA,  Diachore'sis,  from  itux*pt», 
'I  separate  from/  Every  kind  of  excreted  mat- 
ter and  excretion;  but  more  particularly  the 
feces  and  alvine  excretion.  —  Foesius,  Gorrssus. 
See  Excrement 

Diachorema  Xtsmatodes,  see  Ramenta  intes* 
tinorum. 

DIACHORESIS,  Excretion. 

DIACHRISIS,  Inunotion. 

DIACHRIST'A,  from  ita,  and  X9tu>>  '*  anoint' 
Medicines,  applied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
palati,  the  palate  itself,  the  tongue,  Ac.  Pro- 
bably gargles. — Paulns  of  JEgina. 

DIACH'YLON,  Diach'ylum,  Emplastrum  di- 
ach'ylon,  from  iia,  and  gvAof,  'juice;'  i.  e.  com- 


posed of  juices.  The  plaster  of  this  : 
formerly  made  of  certain  juices.  The  term  if 
now  confined  to  the  Explastruy  Plcmbi  or 
Lead  Plaster. 

Diachylon  cum  Gummi,  Emplsstrum  gummo- 
sum—<i.  GomnU,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi-resinit 
— d.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosum — d.  Magnum 
cum  gummi,  Emplastrum  gal  ban  i  comp. — d.  Sim- 
plex, Emplastrum  plumbi — d.  White,  Emplastrum 
plumbi— «1.  Yellow,  Emplastrum  gummosum. 

DIACHYT'ICA,  from  ita,  and  x*»*  <l  Pour 
oof    Medicines  which  discuss  tumours. 

DIACINE'MA,  from  ita,  and  «*«*,  'I  more/ 
A  slight  dislocation. — Oelsus,  Galen.  A  sub- 
luxation. 

DIACLASIS,  Refraction. 

DIAC'LYSIS,  Diaclys'mus,  from  ita,  and  cXv- 
{«*,  '  to  wash  out'  Rinsing  or  cleansing— espe- 
cially of  the  mouth. 

DIACLYSMA,  Gargarism. 

DIACOCCYMELON,  Diaprunum. 

DIACODION,  Syrupus  papaveris. 

DIACO'DIUM,  Confec'tioex  Capit'ibus Papav' - 
eris,  from  ita,  aqd  xwdta,  'a  poppyhead/  (F.) 
Diacode.  The  ancients  had  various  forms  for 
preparing  it  The  Syrup  of  Poppies — Syr'upus 
Papav1  eris  sen  Diaco'dion  —  is  now  substituted 
for  it 

DIACOPE,  Abscission,  Dissection,  Intersection. 

Diac'opB,  En'cope",  from  ita,  and  kojttuv,  'to 
cut'  A  out,  incision,  fissure,  or  longitudinal 
fracture.  When  used,  since  Galen,  it  generally 
signifies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the  cranium 
by  a  sharp  instrument,  without  the  pieoe  being 
removed.    It  is  not  now  employed. 

Diac'opB  Cra'nii,  Prads'io  sen  Disstc'tio 
Cra'nii,  Opening  the  head;  and  separation  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

DIACOPRJE'GIA,  from  ita,  xovpos,  'excre- 
ment,' and  ait,  aiyot,  '  a  goat/  A  name  given, 
in  Blancard's  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  composed 
of  goat's  dung,  which  the  ancients  praised  in  dis- 
eases of  the  spleen,  parotids,  Ac. 

DIAC'RISES,  from  ita,  and*pivu,  'I  separate/ 
A  class  of  diseases  characterized  by  alterations 
of  secretion. — Gendrin. 

DIACRIT'ICA  SIG'NA.  Same  etymon. 
Signs  by  whioh  one  disease  can  be  accurately 
discriminated  from  another : — differential  diag- 
nosis. 

DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatam. 

DIADELPHIA  DECANDRIA,  Geofirna 
vermifuga. 

DIADE'MA,  Fascia  cap'itis,  Bedimic'ulwn, 
from  itaiu*,  {ita,  and  ietv,  'to  bind/)  'I  sur- 
round.' A  sort  of  bandage ;  advised  in  headaoh, 
in  which  relaxation  of  the  sutures  was  appre- 
hended.— Forestus. 

DIADEX'IS,  Diad'ochl,  Metatopto'sis,  from 
itaitxoaat,  (ita,  and  itx^uat,  '  to  take  or  receive/) 
'I  transfer,'  'I  sucoeed  to/  A  transformation 
of  a  disease  into  another,  differing  from  the 
former  both  in  its  nature  and  seat 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  itaititout,  'to  distribute/ 
In  some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of 
nutritive  matter  over  the  whole  body, — in  other 
words,  nutrition;  whilst,  in  others,  It  is  synony- 
mous with  the  remission  or  cessation  of  a  disease 

DLffiDCE'US,  from  it,  'double/  and  atioia,  'tho 
parts  of  generation/  A  monster  whose  organs 
of  generation  and  urinary  bladder  are  double.  It 
has  only  been  observed  in  animals. 

DLS'RESIS,  from  itatptu,  (ita,  and  atp»,4I 
take  away,')  '  I  divide,'  '  I  separate/  A  division 
or  solution  of  continuity.    A  surgical  operation. 


DLBRETICTJS 


284 


DIAPHRAGM 


which  consists  in  dividing  any  part  of  the  body. 
Hmmorrhag"ia  per  dim'resin  is  hemorrhage  ow- 
ing to  separation  or  division  of  vessels. 

DiJCRRsrs  Ukqvlm,  Onychoptosis. 

DLSRETICUS,  Caustic 

DLSTA,  Diet— cL  Lactea,  Galactodiseta. 

DLETE'MA  has  the  same  signification  as 
diet,  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a  more 
extensive  meaning,  comprising,  under  it,  what 
constitutes  Hygiene. 

DIJETETICA,  Dietetics. 

DIAGNOSE,  Diagnosticate. 

DIAGNOSIS,  Digno'tio,  DiagnosWci,  Dtpre- 
hen'sio,  from  6ia,  and  ytveoKm,  'I  know.'  Discri- 
mination, (F.)  Diagnose,  Diagnostique.  That  part 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination  of 
diseases,  the  knowledge  of  the  pathognomonic 
signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  general  pathology. 

Diagnosis,  Differential,  see  Diacritica  signe. 

DIAGNOSTIC,  Discreti'vus,  Diagnos'ticus  ; 
same  etymon.  A  symptom  which  is  characteris- 
tic of  a  disease. 

DIAGNOS '  TICATE,  —  sometimes  diagnose. 
To  discriminate  one  disease  or  phenomenon  from 
another. 

DIAGRYDIUM,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

Diagryd'ium  Cydoitia'tuv,  from  diagrydium, 
'scammony,'  and  cydonium,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  of  scam- 
menu  and  one  of  quince  juice.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

Diagrtd'ittm  GLYCYRRHizA'Ttnr.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containing  extract  of  liquorice 
in  place  of  quince  juice. 

Diagryd'ium  Sulphura'tuv .  Scammony, 
Which  has  been  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  burning 
sulphur.     These  diagrydia  are  not  now  used. 

DIALEIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermission. 

DIALEIPYRA,  Intermittent  fever. 

DIALEMMA,  Apyrexia. 

DIALEP'SIS,  Intercep'tio,  from  liakerfavt*,  'I 
intercept' — Hippocrates  employs  this  word  for 
the  interstices,  or  intervals,  left  between  the  turns 
of  a  bandage. 

DIALIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermissio. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dissolu'tio,  from  $ta,  and  \wis, 
'solution.'  A  dissolution  or  loss  of  strength. 
Resolu'tio  vir'ium.  Weakness  of  the  limbs. 
Also,  a  solution  of  continuity. 

DIAMANT,  Diamond. 

DIAMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BRiB  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancient*  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  the 
name — Spe'cies  diam'brm  sin*  odora'tit, — the 
other,  that  of  Spe'ciet  diam'brm  etna  odora'Us, 
The  former  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica 
root,  clove*,  mace,  nutmeg,  galanga,  cardamom, 
and  numerous  other  substances ;  the  latter,  be- 
sides, had  ambergris  and  musk.  These  powders 
were  used  as  tonics,  in  oases  of  debility  of  the 
stomach,  and  in  certain  nervous  affections. 

DIAMNES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOND,  Ad'amas,  from  a,  privative,  and 
iauam,  *  I  conquer.'  '  Invincible ;'  (F.)  JHamant. 
So  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  all  stones,  and  was  formerly  conoeived 
to  possess  extraordinary  ^cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Rob  ex  maris,  from  lia,  and 
hhmv.  'a  mulberry.'  An  ancient  syrup  prepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juioe.  It  was  em- 
ployed  as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  pons,  'charpie,'  Mint' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

DIANANOAS'MUS,  from  fa,  and  •wytal*, 


'  I  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction  of  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb. 

DIANOEMA,  Imagination. 

DIAN'THUS  CARYOPHYI/LUS,  from  A*, 
'Jove.' (?)  arSof,  'flower,'  and  caryophyUum, 
'the  clove.'  Clove  Pink.  Also  called  Caryo~ 
phyl'lum  rubrum,  Tu'nita,  Tu'nica  korten'eie,  T. 
rubra,  CaryophyFlus  horten'sis,  Clove  July  flower, 
OiVUJlower,  Cama'tion.  Order,  Caryophylless. 
(F.)  (Eillet  giroJUe.  The  flowers  were  one© 
much  used;  but  are  now  only  employed  in 
syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant  vehicle  for  other 
medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,  Phamic"ium  Emplae'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  of  litharge,  olive 
oil,  axunge,  water,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  white  wax.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiocative,  emol- 
lient, resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  medi- 
cines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Diapal'ma. 

DIAPASMA,  Catapasma. 

DIAPEDE'SIS,  Traneuda'tio,  Pereuda'tio, 
Persulta'tio,  from  Ita-xnlaM,  'I  leap  through*' 
Exhalation,  as  of  blood,  in  the  form  of  dew,  as 
the  surface  of  the  skin,  or  of  any  membrane; 
Sweating  of  blood,  (F.)  Sueur  de  Sang,  Hermor* 
rhag"ia  per  diapede'sin,  Mamatopede'si*,  Stmu 
dro'sis. 

DIAPENSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanicula. 

DIAPEN'TES  or  DIAPENTE,  from  fco,  and 
xtrrn,  'five.'  A  medicine  composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.   See  Diatessaron. 

DIAPHCE'NICON,  Diapha/nix,  Jfedicamen'- 
turn  ex  PaVmulis,  from  Sia,  and  f  om£, '  a  date.* 
A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was  the 
chief  excipient 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  lta$opa*,  {lie,  and 
fops*,  '  I  convey/)  '  I  dissipate.'  A  greater  de- 
gree of  perspiration  than  natural,  but  less  than  in 
sweating.     Every  kind  of  cutaneous  evacuation. 

DIAPHORETIC.  Same  etymon;  Diapno'- 
icus,  Diaphoret'icue.  A  medicine  which  excites 
diaphoresis.  Diaphoretics  are  very  uncertain  as 
a  class.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  most  re- 
puted:— AmmonisB  Acetatis  Liquor;  Ammonias 
Carbonas;  Antimonialis  pulvis;  Antimonii  et 
Potasses  Tartras;  Antimonii  Sulphuretum  pres- 
cipitatum;  Asclepias  tuberosa;  Camphora;  Con- 
trayerva ;  Dulcamara ;  Eupatorium  perfoliattun ; 
Guaiaci Lignum ;  Guaiacum;  Ipecacuanha;  Me- 
Eoreum;  Opium,  and  its  active  principle  Mor- 
phia; Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras;  Serpen taria;  Spi- 
ritus  JSthens  Nitrioi;  Sulphur;  Xanthoxylnm; 
Caloric;  Exercise,  (active;)  and  Friction. 

The  epithet  Diaphoretic  has  also  been  given, 
by  some,  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  with 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphorbtic,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

DIAPHORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see  Anti- 
heotio. 

DI'APHRAGM,  Diaphrag'ma,  Diaphrax'is, 
Respirato'rium  Ventris,  Discrete' rium,  Phrenee, 
Septum  transver'sum,  Discri'tnen  Thora'eie  et 
Ventris,  Disceptum,  Cine'tus,  Diato'ma,  Prm- 
cinc'tus,  Diazoe'ma,  Diatos'tra,  Hypczo'cue,  Hy- 
poxo'ma,  Perizo'ma,  Dissep'tum,  Dissip'ium,  Prax- 
eor'dia,  Succin'gene  membra' na  vel  mus*  cuius, 
Succinc'tus,  Succinctufra,  the  Midriff,  from  ota, 
'  between,'  and  fpaeeu,  *  I  close.'  A  large,  aiy- 
gous  muscle ;  stretched  transversely  between  the 
thoracic  and  abdominal  cavities,  which  it  sepa- 
rates from  each  other ;  tendinous  in  the  centre ; 
thin,  almost  circular,  and  unequally  convex,  up- 
wards. It  is  fleshy  at  its  circumference,  which 
is  attached  to  the  cartilago  ensiformis,  to  the 


DIAPHRAGM*  AURIS 


285 


DIARRHCEA 


Uot  six  ribs,  to  the  aponeurosis  stretched  from 
the  last  rib  to  the  transverse  process  of  the  first 
lumbar  vertebra;  and,  lastly,  to  the  bodies  of  the 
first  three  or  four  lumbar  vertebra)..  When  it 
contracts,  its  fibres  become  straight,  the  chest  is 
enlarged,  and  the  abdomen  diminished.  It  is 
then  an  inspiratory  muscle.  It  may,  also,  dimi- 
nish the  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  be  an  expira- 
tory muscle.  This  muscle  plays  an  important 
part  in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing,  sneering, 
laughing,  sobbing,  crying,  hiccoughing,  singing, 
vomiting,  the  excretion  of  the  feces  and  urine, 
the  expulsion  of  the  foetus,  Ac 

DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS,  see  Tympaaum— d. 
Cerebri,  Tentorium— <L  Narium,  Septum  narium 
d.  Ventrioulorum  lateralium  cerebri,  .Septum  lu- 
eidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  IKaphroymmtal'gia, 
from  Siaj*ayfHxt  'the  diaphragm,'  an4  abyss, 
'pain.'    Fain  in  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATALGIA,  Diaphresmalgia. 

DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Diaphragmatic*.  Be- 
longing to  the  diaphragm.  A  name  given  to 
several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragmatic  or  Phrenic  Ar'tbrtb8.  These 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
former,  called,  also,  supradiaphragmatic^  are  two 
in  number,  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  internal  mammary,  and  descend  along  the 
phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distributed  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  diaphragm.  The  latter,  or  infra- 
diaphragmatic,  are  also  two  in  number.  They 
arise  from  the  upper  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta, 
or  from  the  coeliac  artery,  and  divide  into  two 
principal  branches,  which  are  distributed  on  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  and  in  its  sub- 
stance. 

The  superior  diaphragmatic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves— the  right,  into  the  vena  cava  superior; 
the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  vein*  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmat'io  Hib'hia,  Phronio  Hernia, 
lHaphragmatpce'U.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  apertures  in 
the  muscle,  or  through  deficiencies,  or  wounds, 
or  lacerations  in  it 

Diaphragmatic  or  Pmuxio  Nbbyxs,  Inter- 
nai  respiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  are  two  In 
number;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other  on  the 
right.  They  arise  from  the  seoond  and  third 
nerves  of  the  cervical  plexus,  about  the  middle 
of  the  neck,  and  receive  two  or  three  filaments 
from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which  they  de- 
scend into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the  pericar- 
dium, and  are  distributed  on  the  diaphragm. 

Diapmbagmat'io  Plbx'usks  are  two  in  num- 
ber j  one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  npper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  number  of  branohes,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the  branches 
of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

Diaphragmatic  Rnre,  (F.)  Anneau  diaphrag- 
natiqve  of  Chaussier,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture  by  which  the 
vena  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATITIS,  Diaphragmitis. 

DIAPHRAGMATOCBLB,  see  Hernia. 

DIAPHRAGMI'TIS,  from  ttaftaypa,  'the  di- 
aphragm/ and  itie,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Diaphragmati'tts,  Inflamma'tio  septi  trane- 
ver'si,  Paraphrenia,  Emprtama  Pleuri'tie  Dia- 
phragmat'ica,  Paraphrene'eie  Diaphragmafica, 
Inflammation  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The  terms, 
Paraphrenia  and  Paraphrene'eie  have  been 
•bteined  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy,  woicb 


supposed  the  seat  of  the  fy  qv,  or  soul,  to  bo  the 
prtecordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of  diaphrag- 
mitis are :  — painful  constriction  around  the  pro* 
cordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious  breathing.    It 

is  a  rare  disease.        

DIAPHRATTON  HYMEN,  Mediaetiuum-HL 
Membrane,  Mediastinum. 
DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm. 
DIAPH'THORA,  Destrue'tio,  from  iia,  and 
<t&cipuv,  (to  corrupt'    Corruption  in  general; 
more  especially  corruption  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
Hippocrates.    Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in 
the  stomach. — Galen.    See  Abortion. 
DIAPHYLACTIC,  Prophylactic. 
DIAPHTSIS,  from  a«a*v«, '  I  rise  between.' 
IntcrstWium,  Viecrimina'tio :  '  an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'    Any  thing  that  separates  two 
bodies.    Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone,  Corpus  Ossie,    One  of  the  ligaments  of  the 
knee. — Hippocrates,  Pare\ 

DIA'PIA.    Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with  Diapyesis  or  Suppuration, 
others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Mtopu. 
DIAPLASIS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPNEUSIS,  Perspiration. 
DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 
DIAPNCEA,  Perspiration. 
DIAPNOGENOUS  APPARATUS,  see  Per- 
spiration. 
DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 
DIAPOPHYBES,  Transverse  processes  of  the 
vertebra. 

DIAPORE'MA.     Anxiety,  jactitation;  from 
iiaxootv,  'I  doubt' 

DIAPRU'NUM,  Diaeoceyme'lon,  A  purgative 
electuary,  of  which  the  pulps  of  prunes  and  rhu- 
barb formed  the  basis.  By  adding  to  the  dia- 
prunum  simplex  a  24th  part  of  powdered  scam- 
mony,  the  JDiapru'num  resoluti'vum  seu  compos* - 
itum  was  formed.  It  was  more  active  than  the 
former. 
DIAPYBMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 
DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration— d.  Oculi,  Hypo- 
pyon. 

DIAPYET'ICA,  Dyapgefmata,  from  Stave***, 
Staweneis,  (Sia,  and  nov,  'pns,')  'suppuration.* 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 
DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 
DIAR^B'MIA,  (F.)  Diaremie,  from  mm, 
'through,'  *<*,  'I  flow/  and  'auto,  'blood.'  A 
pathological  condition,  said  to  be  common  in 
sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  are  di- 
minished in.  quantity;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 
and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  vessels 
into  the  cavities.— Delafore. 
MAR&MIX,  DUwmia* 
DIARIA,  Ephemera* 
DIARRHAGE,  Fracture. 
DIARRHCE'A,  from  ita,  'through,'  and  ft*, 
'  I  flow.'  EnUrorrhar'n,  Incontinen'tia  alvi,  Alvi 
projlu'vuan,  A.  fietnue  aquo'eue,  Ventrie  projM- 
vium,  Cceliorrhm'a,  CosUol'ysie,  Ahus  eita,  Caea- 
to'ria,  Goprorrhat'a,  Catarrhue  intestina'lis,  Alvi 
fluxus*  Kheuma,  Epiph'ora  Alvi,Fluxue  alvi'nus, 
Laafitae  alvi,  Jhflux'io,  Lax,  Looseness,  Purging, 
(F.)  Diarrhie,  Dtoaiement,  Catarrh*  intestinal, 
Flwx  de  Ventre,  Court  de  Ventre,  Courante.  A 
disease  characterized  by  frequent  liquid  alvine 
evacuations,  and  generally  owing  to  inflammation 
or  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  in- 
testines. It  is  commonly  caused  by  errors  in 
regimen,  the  use  of  mod  noxious  by  its  quality 
or  quantity,  Ac,  constituting  the  Diarrhoea  ster- 
eora'ria,  2>.  CrapuWea  of  writers.  It  may  be 
acute  or  chronic  Many  varieties  have  beoa 
made  by  some  noaologiste—e.  g.  mucous,— Diar- 
rhoea muoo'sa,  BlennochefsiafBlennochefeiaj  be. 


DIARRHOISCHESIS 


286 


DIASTBMATOPYELIA 


Hous, — Ileo-cholo'eis,  Diarrhoea  bilio'ta;  serous, 
•—Hydroche'zia,  ffydrodiarrha'a,  Orrhoche'ria  ; 
dependent  upon  the  matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea 
requires  different  treatment,  according  to  its  na- 
ture. If  caused,  as  it  often  is,  by  improper  mat- 
ters In  the  intestinal  canal,  these  must  be  evacu- 
ated ;  and  the  astringent  plan  of  treatment  must 
not  be  adopted,  unless  the  discharges  seem  kept 
up  by  irritability  of  the  intestines,  or  unless  they 
are  colliquative.  The  indiscriminate  use  of  as- 
tringents is  to  be  deprecated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tytler 
has  given  the  name  Diarrhce'a  hee'tica,  because, 
like  hectic  fever,  it  seems  to  obtain  habitual  pos- 
session of  the  constitution,  to  operate  upon  it 
with  scarcely  any  perceptible  intermission,  and, 
in  general,  to  defy  the  most  powerful  remedies. 

DiARRHOSA  Adiposa,  Grae-fondure —  d.  cum 
Apepsia,  Lientery  —  d.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra — d. 
SUiosa,  see  Diarrhoea— d.  Carnosa,  Dysentery — 
d.  Chylosa,  Cceliac  flux — d.  Chymosa,  Cceliac  flux 
— ■ d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  Cruenta,  H»- 
matochezia— d.  Dyspeptics,  Lientery — d.  Hepa- 
tic*, Hepatirrhoea — d.  Ingestorum,  Lientery— -d. 
Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea — 
d.  Purulenta,  Pyochezia — d.  Sanguinolenta>  Hsb- 
matochezia— -d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diarrhoea— <L  in 
TJrina,  Diabetes — d.  Urinosa,  Diabetes. 

DIARRHOIS'CHESIS,  from  Diarrhxa,  and 
vycmc,  '  arrest.'    Arrest  of  a  diarrhoea. 

DIARTHRO'DIAL,  Diarthrodia'lu.  Relating 
to  diarthroses  or  movable  articulations j  as  diar- 
thro'dial  articulation.  Diarthro' dial  cartilage* 
or  iucrueting  cartilage*  are  the  cartilages  which 
invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  &ap£po«,  (Sla,  and 
apdpou,)  'I  separate  the  limbs/  'I  articulate.' 
JDearticula'tio,  Proearthro'eie,  Apartkro' ei»t  Ab- 
articula'tio,  Coarticula'tio,  Perarticula'tio,  fiota'- 
tio,  (F.)  Etnboiture.  A  movable  articulation. 
One  which  permits  the  bones  to  move  freely  on 
each  other  in  every  direction,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYR'ION,  from  ha,  and  earvoiov,  'the 
orchis  mas'cula.'  An  electuary,  of  which  this 
plant  formed  the  basis.  (?) — Myrepsus.  The  an- 
cients attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting  the 
organs  of  generation. 
.    DIASCINCI  ANTIDOTUS,  Mithridate. 

DIASCOR'DIUM,  from  Sta,  and  vxopiiov,  'the 
water  germander.'  An  electuary,  so  called  be- 
cause this  plant  entered  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  codex  has  a  formula  for  its  prepa- 
ration, under  the  title,  Electua'rium  opia'tum  a»- 
trin'gene  vel  diaecor'dium.  (R.foL  •cord,  2^8, 
roear.  rubr.,  bistort.  rad.,  gentian*,  tormenttlkt, 
tern,  berber.  afi  3£ss,  ningib.,  piper,  long,  aa  £ij, 
eaeeia  lignem,  cinnamon.,  dictamn.  Cretans.,  *ty- 
rac.  calamity  galban.,  gum.  acacia  aft  Jss,  bol. 
oriental,  prapar.  Jij,  extract  vinos  opii.  ^ij,  meL 
roeat.  prap.  tt>ij,  vin.  hiepan.  fi>ss :  fiat  electua- 
rium.)  In  place  of  the  etyrax  calamita,  the  bal- 
sam of  tola  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The  opium 
is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion  of  1  to 
184.  The  diascordium  is  employed  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and  astrin- 
gent The  common  dose  is  from  a  scruple  to  a 
drachm  and  a  half.  &ee  Pulvis  oretts  composites. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic 

DIASPASIS,  Divulsio. 

DIASPER'MATON.  The  ancient  name  of 
two  cataplasms,  composed  of  seeds.  —  Galen, 
Paulas. 

DIASPHYXIS,  Pulse.  Also,  a  violent  beat 
•f  the  pulse. 

DIASTAL'TIC,   Diaetal'ticue;   from   &«, 


'  through,'  and  ertXXu,  '  I  contract'  An  epithet 
applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  the  reflex  or 
excito-motory  system  of  nerves;  because  the 
actions  they  induce  are  performed  '  through'  the 
spinal  marrow  as  their  essential  centre. 

DIASTALTICUS,  Diastolic 

DIASTASJE'MIA,  (F.)  Diaetaetmie,  from  6«- 
avromt,  'separation/  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  A  patho- 
logical condition,  characterized  by  a  separation 
of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules ; — the  fibrin 
and  albumen  separating  also  from  the  colouring 
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches  itself  to  the 
valves  of  the  heart — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  but 
one.  A  vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  general 
properties  to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the  ger- 
mination of  barley  and  other  seeds  and,  by  its 
presence,  converts  the  starch  into  sugar  and 
gum. 

DIASTASEMIE,  Diastasamia. 

DIAS'TASIS,  from  ha,  and  icr^t,  'to  place/ 
'separation/  'distance.'  Diaete'ma,  Di»$iden'tia^ 
A  separation  of  bones,  and  particularly  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  from  each  other;  of  the 
radius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  The  anoients  used  this  word  to  designate 
the  three  dimensions  of  the  body,  —  length, 
breadth,  and  thickness;  for  the  interval  separat- 
ing the  patient  from  the  physician ;  the  swelling 
of  varicose  veins ;  the  time  at  which  some  change 
occurred  in  disease,  Ac. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 

DIASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  iiaem?*,  'in- 
terstice,' and  tXvrpov,  'vagina.'  An  organic  de- 
viation, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division 
or  fissure  of  the  vagina. — Breschet 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  Jumpa, 
and  tyxcfaXof,  '  the  brain/  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  brain. 
— Breschet 

DIASTEMA'TIA,  from  Siaernfta.  A  term  em- 
ployed by  Breschet  for  an  organio  deviation, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  the 
mesial  line  of  the  body. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  Staornpa,  and 
jcavAof,  'trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEFLIA,  from  iiaernpa,  and 
gciXof,  'the  lip.'  An  organic  deviation,  consist- 
ing in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the  lip. 

DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA,  from  itarm^  and 
Kpavtov,  'the  cranium/  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  deviation  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA,  from  iiamj^a,  and 
Kvcrii,  '  bladder/  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA,  from  Situm,?*,  and 
yacrtip,  'the  stomach/  An  organio  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  aia<m^a,  and 
yXueem,  '  tongue.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNATHIA,  from  Jcatnp*, 
and  yvados,  'jaw.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  jaw. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  6ia<rrw<x,  and 
ptfTpa,  'womb/  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
womb. 

DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA,  from  haer*?*,  and 
wvtkos,  'pelvis/    An  organio  deviation,  chars*. 


DIASTEMATORACHIA 


287 


DICTAMNUS 


tericed  by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of 
the  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'CHIA,  from  itaenma,  and 
P*Xls>  'spine/  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
spine. 

DIASTEMATORHI'NIA,  from  Sia<m,p*t  and 
ptv,  '  the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rised by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  iiaempa, 
and  <rra(pvXrjr  'uvula.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
uvula. 

DIASTEMATOSTER'NTA,  from  iiaert/pa,  and 
mpver,  'the  sternum.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
sternum. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  liaern^a,  and 
svrcpov,  'intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. - 

DIAS'TOLE,  from  SiaanXXo,  (iia  and  otsXXm, 
'I  send/)  'I  dilate,'  'I  open.'  Belaya' tio  seu 
Hemis'sio  cordis  et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation  of 
the  heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters 
their  cavities.  It  is  the  opposite  movement  to 
systole,  in  which  the  heart  and  arteries  contract 
to  send  forth  the  blood.  Diastole  and  systole  are, 
consequently,  successive  movements.  Diastole, 
Motus  cordis  diastal'ticus,  occurs  simultaneously 
in  the  two  ventricles.  The  almost  inappreciable 
time,  which  elapses  between  the  diastole  and 
systole  has  been  called  perisys'toli,  and  that 
which  succeeds  to  the  diastole,  peridiastole. 
When  we  speak  of  the  contraction  or  systole  of 
the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its  diastole  or  dilatation, 
we  mean  that  of  the  ventricles.  This  dilatation 
is  active. 

DIASTOLEUS,  Dilator. 

DIAS'TOLIC,  DiastoVicus,  Diastal'ticus; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the 
heart — as  '  diastolic  impulse  of  the  heart.' 

Diastolic  Impulse  of  thb  Hbart,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic 

DIASTOMO'TRIS,  from  6ia<rropo<a,  (iia,  and 
rropm, '  mouth.')  '  I  dilate  an  aperture.  Dilat- 
ing instruments,  such  as  the  different  kinds  of 
specula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  Ac 

DIASTREMMAfDistortion,Perversion,Sprain. 

DIASTROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion,  Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  iiartiwa,  (iia, 
and  raw,  'I  stretch,')  'I  distend.'  Tension. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  by  extension  and 
counter-extension. 

DIATES'SARON,  from  iia,  and  rcovapc ;,  'four. 
An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of  which  en- 
tered four  medicines ;  vis.  the  roots  of  gentian, 
aristolockia  rotunda,  and  bay-berries,  each  Jg, 
honey  Bt>y.  The  whole  was  incorporated  with 
extract  of  juniper.  The  diapentes  is  nothing 
more  than  this  electuary,  mixed  with  two  ounces 
of  ivory  shavings.  The  diatessaron  is  tonic,  and 
it  was  formerly  employed  in  cases  of  stings  and 
bites  of  venomous  animals.  It  was  regarded  as 
emmenagogue,  alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATH'ESIS,  from  itartOtnti,  (iia,  and  nOpmt, 
'to  place,')  'I  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, affection  of  the  body :  predisposition  to  cer- 
tain diseases  rather  than  to  others ; — (F.)  Immi- 
nence morbide.  The  principal  diatheses,  men- 
tioned by  authors,  are  the  cancerous,  scrofulous, 
scorbutic,  rheumatic,  gouty  and  calculous. 

Diathesis  ILemorbhoidalis,  see  Haemor- 
rhoids— d.  Hemorrhagic,  Hematophilia— d.  Ner- 
vosa, Nervous  diathesis  —  d.  Rheumatic,  see 
Rheumatic  — <L  Sthenics,  Sthenia. 


DIATRAGACAN'THUS.  A  powder  com- 
posed  of  gum  tragacanth,  Jij,  gum  Arabic,  Jj  and 
3ij,  starch,  ^ss,  liquorice,  £ig,  as  much  of  the 
seeds  of  the  melon,  and  white  poppy  ;  seeds  of  the 
water-melon,  cucumber,  and  gourd,  and  sugar 
candy  Jiij.    It  was  used  as  a  demulcent 

DIATRESIS,  Perforation. 

DIATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

DIATRINSANTALON,  see  Diatrion. 

DIATRI'ON,  Diatri'um,  from  iia,  and  rptte, 
'three.'  A  medicine  composed  of  three  ingre- 
dients. There  were  formerly  two  kinds.  The 
first  was  called  Diatri'um  Pipefrcon  spe'eies,  and 
was  formed  of  black  and  long  pepper,  aniseed, 
thyme,  and  ginger.  It  was  highly  stimulating. 
The  second  species  was  known  under  the  name, 
Diatrinsan' talon,  Diatri'um  Santalo'rum  pulvis, 
or  Powder  of  the  three  Sanders.  They  were  con- 
sidered diaphoretic 

DIATRITA'RII.  The  Methodists  were  so 
called,  who  pretended  to  cure  all  diseases  by 
subjecting  the  patients  to  treatment  every  third 
day. 

DIAT'RITOS.  Relating  to  every  third  day. 
A  means  used  by  the  Methodists  to  cure  disease. 

DIAZOMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  Siafrrwm,  (iia,  and  {•*- 
wiii,  'to  gird,1)  'I  surround.'  The  twelfth  ver- 
tebra of  the  back,  because  it  corresponds  to  the 
girdle,  fysernp. 

DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm. 

DICEN'TRA  CANADENSIS,  Squirrel  com, 
Oolic  weed.  Family,  Fumariacesa.  An  indigen- 
ous plant,  growing  from  Maine  to  Wisconsin, 
which  flowers  in  May,  the  flowers  having  the 
odour  of  hyacinths.  It  has  been  given  internally 
in  syphilis,  and  applied  externally  in  syphilis  and 
gonorrhoea. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DICEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus,  Derod'ymus  et 
Tdd'ymus,  Janus,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  ujeXn, 
'head.'    A  monster  with  two  heads. 

DICERAS  RUDE,  Ditraohyceras  rudis,  see 
Worms. 

DICHALCON.  A  weight,  equal  to  a  third 
part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHOPHY'IA,  from  SiXa>  'double,'  and  pv*, 
'  I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they 
split  and  grow  forked. 

DICHROMOS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  iixXig,  'a  double 
door,'  and  oerueic,  'ossification.'  Ossification  of 
valves — as  of  the  heart. 

DICLIS,  Valve. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  Dicra'nus,  from  it,  'double/ 
Kopvfn,  'the  crown  of  the  head.'  A  monster  with 
a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

Dicortphus  Dihypooastrius,  Hemipages.  I 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  in,  'twice/  and 
xpviSf  '  I  strike.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse, 
when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as  usual.  It 
is  synonymous  with  the  term  rebounding,  the 
artery  rebounding  after  striking,  so  as  to  con- 
vey the  sensation  of  a  double  pulsation.  It  has 
been  considered,  and  with  truth,  to  frequently 
foretell  hemorrhage.  In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it 
certainly  announces  such  a  tendency. 

DICTAMNE,  Dictamnus  albus  —  d.  de  Orite, 
Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS,  from  Dictamnus,  a 
town  in  Crete ;  D.  Fraxinel'la,  Fraxinella  Dic- 
tamnus, White  Fraxinel'la,  Dastard  Dittany, 
Fraxinel'la,  (F.)  Dictanne,  FraaHneUe.  The  fresh 


DICTTCTIS 


288 


DIET 


root  has  been  considered  nervine,  anthelmintic, 
ammenagogue.    It  is  not  used. 

Dictamncb  Crxticus,  Origanum  diotamnus— 
d.  Fraxinella,  Dic{amnua  albus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDELPHYS,  Dihysteria. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  iiSvpot,  'the  testicles/ 
and  aXyos,  '  pain.'    Pain  in  the  testicles. 

DIDYMIS,  Epididymis. 

DIDYMITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS,  Gemellus. 

DIDYMUS,  Testicle  — d-Symphyogaatrius, 
Gaatrodidymus— <L  Symphyohypogastrious,  Hy- 
pogastrodidymns  —  d.  SymphyoperinsBus,  Pygo- 
didymos — d.  Symphyothoracogastritu,  Thoraoo- 
gastrodidymus. 

DIECBOL'ION,  fromfca,  and  txfaXXm,  'I  oast 
out'  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  remedy 
which  they  believed  capable  of  producing  abor- 
tion. 

DIERENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Dierenbaeh  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  two  leagues  from 
which  is  a  sulphurous  spring. 

DIERVIL'LA  TRIF'IDA,  Btuh  honeyeucJOe. 
An  indigenous  plant  of  the  Honeysuckle  tribe — 
Lonioerees — whose  flowers  appear  from  June  to 
August  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic;  and  in 
gonorrhoea  and  syphilis. 

DIES,  He'mera,  A  day,  (F.)  Jour.  The  day 
is,  properly,  the  period  during  which  the  solar 
light  illumines  our  horison :  but  commonly,  also, 
we  designate  by  the  word  day  the  period  of  24 
hours  or  Nycthe'meron,  whieft  is  frequently  di- 


vided into  four  parts — morning,  midday,  evening, 
and  midnight.  In  antiquity,  great  importance 
was  attached  to  the  observation  of  days  in  dis- 
ease. The  medical  day  is  usually  reckoned  at 
24  hours, — universally  in  estimating  the  duration 
of  a  disease.  In  parts  of  the  United  States,  it 
comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun  is  above 
the  horizon,  as  regards  the  administration  of 
medicine,  so  that  if  a  medicine  be  ordered  to  be 
taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to  mean 
during  the  12  hours  of  day. 

Dibs  Caniculabkx,  see  Canicula — d.  Contem- 
plabiles,  Critical  days — d.  Con  tempi  antes,  Indi- 
cating days — d.  Critid,  Critical  days— 4.  Deere- 
toril,  Critical  days  —  d.  Indicantes,  Indicating 
days — d.  Indicator!!,  Indicating  days — d.  Indices, 
Indicating  days  —  d.  Internuntii,  Critical  days — 
d.  Judicatorii,  Critical  days — d.  Radicales,  Criti- 
cal days. 

DIET,  DuB'ta,  Diatte'ma,  Xa'Ho  viettte.  Ori- 
ginally, this  word  signified  nearly  the  same  thing- 
as  Hygiene  and  Regimen,  that  is,  Diet  was  the 
employment  of  every  thing  necessary  for  the  pre- 
servation of  health  and  life.  At  the  present  day, 
it  signifies  a  particular  kind  of  food,  and,  at  times, 
a  privation  of  food  and  drink ; — abstinence.  To 
put  any  one  upon  diet,  (F.)  mettre  qnelqu'vn  &  la 
di&te,  means  to  deprive  him  of  his  usual  nourish- 
ment : — milk  diet  means  a  diet  of  milk,  Ac  See 
Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hygiene,  and  Regimen. 

Dtxt  Scalx.  Every  well  regulated  hospital 
has  certain  dietetio  regulations.  The  following 
Table  of  Dietary  shows  the  particular  regimen 
selected  for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


DIET-TABLE   OF  DIFFERENT  HOSPITALS   OF  GREAT  BRITAIN,  IRELAND,  AND 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 

L  ENGLAND. 

Lohdow  Hospitals. 

1.  London  EoepitdL 


( 

OOMMOHWBf. 

MmDUBDtSf. 

urn  vat. 

KXLX  BUY. 

12  os.  Bread. 

-j 

Per  Day -j 

1  pint  Porter,  Men. 
£  pint  do.,  Women. 

8  oi.  Bread. 

12  oc  Bread. 

Bremtyamt 

Gruel. 

8  os.  Beef,  with  Po- 
tatoes,   thriee  a 
week. 

8  os.  Mutton,  with 

The  same,  except 
that  4  os.  of  Meat 
'  shall  be  given  in- 

Gruel. 

GrueL 

Potatoes,  twice  a 
week. 

stead  of  8  ox. 

Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

8  os.  Potatoes  and 

Soup,  with  vegeta- 

bles,twiceaweek. 

Supper 

1  pint  of  Broth. 

- 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

1  pint  MOk, 

2.  SL  Bartholomew*  HbepitaL 


1 

Daily  •  • .  • 

COXXOX  DR. 

BBOTHSmr. 

TOUT  OX  FIVER  BUT. 

MZLXDCR. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  os.  Bread. 

6  os.  Mutton  or  Beef. 

1  pint  Broth  [with 
Peas  or  Potatoes, 
4  times  a  week.] 

2  pints  Beer,  Men. 
1  pint,  Women. 
los.  Butter*  twtae  a 

week. 

MOk  Porridge. 
12  os.  Bread. 
2  pints  Broth. 
1  pint  Beer. 
1  ox.  Batter, 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  os.  Bread. 

1  pint  of  Milk,  with 
Tapioca,  Arrow 
root,Sago,orRice, 
as  may  be  pre- 
scribed. 

Barley  water. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  os.  Bread. 

2  pts.  Milk,  with  Ta- 
pioca, Arrow-root, 
Sago,  or  Rice,  aa 
maybe  prescribed. 

Barley  water. 

1  os.  Butter. 

Bread  Pudding, 
three  times  a  week, 
when  ordered. 

mm  m 

3.  St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


2>m 


Daily 

Breakfast. 


Dinner. 


Supper. 


2  pints  Beer;  14  oz, 
Bread. 

Water  Gruel. 

i  lb.  of  Beef  when  dress- 
ed, twice  a  week ;  4  oz. 
Butter,  or  6  oz.  of 
Cheese,  thrice  a  week ; 
\  lb.  Mutton  when 
boiled,  thrice  a  week. 

1  pt  Broth,  4  times  a 
week. 


12  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk,  4tfanes|4 

a  week. 
RicePudding,  thrice 

a  week. 


1  pint  Milk. 


14  os.  Bread,  2  pints 
Beer. 

Water  Gruel, 
oz.  Butter,  4  times 
a  week;  RicePud- 
ding and  4  oz. 
of  Butter,  three 
times  a  week. 


12  oi.  Bread;  two 

pints  Beer. 
Water  Gruel. 
I  lb.  Beef,  for  tea. 


4.  St.  George' t  Hospital 

XXIBADBT. 

oRDnfABT  dut. 

7ISH  SB* . 

RYSR  SOT. 

BOOTH  no*. 

MILK  DOT. 

12  os.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  os.  Bread. 

12  ob.  Bread. 

Hen. 

1  pint  Beer. 

Barley  Water 

Daily 

2  pints  Beer. 

Women, 
1}  pint  Beer. 
1  pint  Tea. 

ad  libitum. 

Breakfast . 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

*  pint  Milk. 

12  os.  Meat, 

roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root 

1  pint  Broth 

1}  pint  Rioe. 
Milk  four 

(weighed 

One-half  of 

boiled  white 

Ac,  must  be 

6  oz.  light 

with  the  bone 

the  meat  al- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

days. 

Dinner 

before  it  is 

lowed  for  ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

dressed)  four 

tra  diet. 

Flounders,  or 

\  lb.  Bread  or 

days,— boiled; 

v  lb.  Potatoes. 

Haddock.) 

Rice  Pudding 

three  days,  * 

three  days. 

lb.  Potatoes. 

Supper.,,.  • 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

5.  Guy's  Hospital 


Daily. 


14  os.  Bread. 
1}  oz.  Butter, 
lqt  Table  Beer. 
8  oz.  Meat,  when 
dressed. 


12  os.  Bread. 
1}  oz.  Butter. 
1  pt  Table  Beer. 
4  oz.  Meat,  when 

dressed,  and 
J  pint  Broth. 


LOW  DEBT. 


12  os.  Bread. 
1  oz.  Butter. 
Tea  and  Sugar. 


12  oz.  Bread. 

1  os.  Butter. 

2  pints  Milk. 


RTxa  sir. 


6  os.  Bread. 
1  oz.  Butter. 
Tea  and  Sugar. 


Half  a  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-tea,)  or  Arrow- 
root or  Sago,  when  ordered. 


For  eaoh  Diet,  Gruel  or  Barley-water,  as  required. 


6.  Westminster  Hospital. 


Daily. 


Breakfast 


Dinner.. 


Supper . 


14  os.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk 
Porridge,  or 
Rice  Gruel. 

*  lb.  Meat, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  chops. 

}  lb.  of  Pota-I 
toes. 


1  pint  Milk 
Porridge,  or 
Rice  Gruel. 


WDDLB  DOT. 


10  os.  Bread. 


Fixed. 
i  lb.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk 
Porridge,  or 
thin  Gruel. 

i  lb.  Meat, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  chops. 

lb.  of  Pota- 
toes. 


1  pint  Milk 
Porridge,  or 
thin  GrueL 


1  pint  Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

No  fixed  Diet 
for  Dinner. 


1  pint  Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 


Casual. 


£  lb.  Bread. 


1  pint  Broth, 
or  *  lb.  of 

Bread,  or  Rice 
Pudding,  or 

lpt.  Beef  Tea, 

or  a  Chop, 

or  Fish. 


spook,  oa 

ISTXB  DIET. 


1  pint  Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

Barley  Water, 


1  pint  Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 


{ lb.  Bread. 
}  lb.  Meat. 

}  lb.  Potatoes, 
i  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Porter. 


pices  *mJKjP 

WBT. 


DIET 


2M 


DIBT 


7.  Middlesex  Hospital. 


Daily  . 


Breakf<ut. 


Dinner  .  • 


Supper . 


12  os.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk. 


Physician's  Patient*. 

i  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  os. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)  roast  and 
boiled  alternately,  4 
days. 

4  os.  Meat  in  Soup,  3 
days. 

Surgeon* 9  Patients. 

2  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  os. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)  roast  and 
boiled  alternately. 

1  pint  Gruel  alternately 
with  1  pint  of  Barley- 
water. 


DLSTJ.  JT78CULI, 

oa 
sour  MR. 


12  os.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk. 


1  pint  Soup, 
made  with  4 
oz.  Beef,  alter- 
nately with  1 
pint  of  Broth 
with  Barley. 


1  pint  Gruel. 


DLSTA  LACTIB, 

oa 


12  os.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk. 


*  pint  of  Milk 
with  Rice-pud- 
ding, 4  days, 
and  with  Bat- 
ter-pudding, 3 
days. 


*  pint  Milk  or 
1  pint  GrueL 


DLCTA  SIMPLEX, 

oa 
sdcpli  ran. 


6  os.  Bread. 


1  pint  Barley- 
water. 

1  pint  GrueL 


1  pint  Gruel 
or  Barley-wa- 
ter. 


12  oz.  Bread, 
i  lb  Meat 
l  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Milk. 


8.  North  London  Hospital. 


Daily 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DOT. 

MLS  Dm. 

16  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

}  lb.  Meat  and  \  lb. 

Potatoes  4  days. 
1  pt  Soup  or  Rice 

3  days. 

16  os.  Bread, 
i  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Soup  or 
Rice. 

8  os.  Bread. 

z  pint  Milk. 

Oatmeal  for 

GrueL 

17  oz.  Bread. 
2  pints  Milk. 

0.  King**  College  Hospital. 


Daily i 

Breakfast. . .  j 

Dinner j 

Supper j 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

LOW  DEBT. 

FETEB  MB. 

1  pint  Beer,  or 

J  pint  Porter. 

14  os.  Bread. 

Ipt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

4  lb.  Meat 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

Ipt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

}  lb.  Meat 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

Ipt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  GrueL 

8  os.  Bread. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Broth. 

Ipt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pint  GrueL 

2  pints  Barley- 
water. 

1  pt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

10.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship. 


Breakfast. . . 
Dinner 


Supper. 


1  pint  Tea. 
1  lb.  Bread. 
I  lb.  Meat 

1  lb.  Potatoes. 

2  pints    Beer, 
(if  ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth. 


ORDINABT  DIET. 


Ditto. 

Ditto. 
*  lb.  Meat 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
GrueL 


Ditto. 
}  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  of  Beef 
Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel  or 
Milk,  (if  or- 
dered. 


Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 


Ditto. 
GrueL 


Gruel  or  Bar- 
ley-water. 


BIST 


Ml 


DIBT 


HOSPITALS. 


LIVERPOOL. 


Bristol. 


Birmingham. 
Bevisedl819. 


OBDINART  DIBT. 


Break/cut. — A  pint  milk  porridge,  breaded  every  morn' g. 

Dinner. — (1,  5,  7*)  — Boiled  beef  and  vegetables. — (2) 
— Bice,  milk,  and  bread. — (3) — Stewed  beef  and  po- 
tatoes.— (4)— Pea  soap  and  bread. — (6) — Ale,  gruel, 
and  bread. 

Supper.  —  A  pint  of  broth  and  bread  on  Sunday  and 
Thursday.  A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  same  as  the  ordinary  diet 


Breakfast. — On  Sunday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge ;  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, meat  broth ;  12  os.  of  bread  on  meat  days ;  14 
os.  on  the  other  days. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  6) — Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat, 
with  vegetables ;  two  pints  of  beer  daily. — (2, 4,  0,  7) 
— A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap. 

Supper. — A  wine  pint  of  gruel  of  meal  broth  on  Sun- 
day ;  2  os.  of  cheese  for  the  men,  one-fourth  of  an  ox. 
of  butter  for  the  women,  on  Monday,  Wednesday, 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  patients  hare  meat  every  day. 


Breakfast. — To  each  man  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk  por- 
ridge, with  4  ox. /of  bread  added  to  it  To  each  wo- 
man or  child,  one  pint  of  milk  porridge  without 
bread.    To  each  patient  2  os.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — To  each  man  8  ox.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  os.  To  each  patient, 
6  os.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily. — (2) — 
To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables ;  to  each  woman  or  child, 
one  pint  and  a  half.  — (4) — Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 
rice  or  bread  pudding.  —  (6)  —  Four  os.  of  boiled  or 
baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 
a  variety  of  vegetables. — (7) — Six  oz.  of  baked  rice 
or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth, 
made  with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supper. — A  pint  of  broth,,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

Full  Diet.  —  Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet 
Dinner,  6  os.  of  boiled  or  baked  meat,  6  os.  of  vege- 
tables, 6  oz.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.  Supper, 
the  same  as  ordinary  diet 


Consists  throughout  the 
day  of  milk  porridge, 
common  batter,  or  rice, 
pudding. 

The  ale  and  beer  are 
bought 


Breakfast.— K  wine  quart 
of  milk  porridge  or  milk. 

Dinner.  —  A  wine  quart 
of  weak  broth. 

Supper.  —  The  same 
breakfast,  14  oz.  of 
bread,  and  barley-wa- 
ter for  common  drink. 

20  bushels  of  malt,  15  lbs. 
of  hops  to  14  gals,  of 
strong  ale ;  21  bush,  of 
malt,  and  12  pounds  of 
hops,  to  360  gals,  of 
ale ;  11  bush,  of  malt, 
7  pounds  of  hops,  to 
360  gals,  of  small  beer. 


Break/cut.— Thb 
ordinary  diet 


Dinner. — A  pint  of  broth 
or  rice  milk,  6  oz.  of 
baked  rice  or  bread 
pudding  to  each  pa- 
tient every  day. 


Supper.  —  The 
ordinary  diet 


H.  SCOTLAND. 


Bddibueoh. 

Break/cut. — One  mutehkin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of 
milk  or  beer;  or  five  and  one-fourth  ounces  of  fine 
bread,  milk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  —  (1,4)  —  One   chopin  of  broth,  8  ounoes  of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  the  broth,  or  beef-steak ;  five 
and  one-fourth  ounoes  of  bread. — (2, 5, 7) — A  chopin 
of  broth  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  groats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetables ;  five  and  a-half  ounces  of  bread. 
— (3,  6) — Potato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones ; 
bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  eaeh  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 

At  discretion. 

Glasgow. 

Breakfast. — Milk  porridge,  quantity  not  limited,  with 
half  a  mutehkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutehkin  of 
buttermilk  or  beer. 

Dinner. — (1) — Broth  made  of  barley,  vegetables,  and 
the  dripping  of  the  meat  roasted  during  the  week, 
with  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman. — 
(2, 4) — Beef  boiled :  8  oz.  to  the  men,  and  6  os.  to  the 
women  j  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  wo- 
man,— or  vegetables. — (3, 6)— Broth,  made  with  beef, 
barley,  and  vegetables ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and 
half  to  women. — (5) — Potato  soup,  with  eow  heels, 
bones,  Ac — (7) — Six  os.  of  cheese  to  men,  4  os.  to 
women^  bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  eaeh  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 

At  discretion. 

•  The  figures  in  parentheses  denote  the  days  of  the  week. 


DIET 


29% 
HX  IRELAND. 


DIET 


6.  Hospitals 

of  House  of 

Industry. 

Per  diem. — Sixteen  os.  of  white  bread,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of  buttermilk  for  whey. 

Foll  Diet.— Two  ounces  of  bread  per  diem,  one  quart 
of  broth,  one  quart  of  new  milk. 

One  pint  of  flummery  per 
diem,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of 
buttermilk  for  whey. 

Stephens 
Hospital. 

Break/tut. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Dinner. — (1,  2, 3, 5, 7) — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  of  potatoes ;  one  pint  of  milk 
or  beer. — (4,  6) — Twelve  ok.  of  bread,  one  quart  of 
sweetened  grueL 

Daily,  half  a  pound  of 
bread,  two  quarts  of 
new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 

Rotal  Hos- 
pital, Phoe- 
nix Park. 

Breakfast. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rioe  gruel. 
Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  bread ;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Supper. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  grueL 
Full  Diet.  —  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  one  quart 

of  beer. 

Breakfast.— Te*. 

Dinner.  —  Half  a  pound 
of  bread  made  into  pa- 
nada or  pudding. 

-   RlCHMOITD 

Hospital. 

Break/cut. — One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 
Dinner. — Bread,  8  os. ;  soup,  1  quart 
Supper. — Bread,  4  ox. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 
Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  bread,  8  os. ;  new  milk,  one 
pint — Dinner,  bread,  8  os.;  mutton  or  beef,  8  os. — 
Supper,  bread,  4  os.;  new  milk,  one  pint 

Break/art.  —  Flummery, 
one  pint;  new  milk, 
one  pint 

Supper. — Haifa  pound  of 
bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Belfast 
Hospital. 

Break/cut. — One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Supper. — One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  one  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint 
of  new  milk. — Dinner,  2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk. — Supper,  one  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new 
milk. 

Per  diem. — Quarter  of  a 
pound  of  bread,  one 
quart  of  gruel,  three 
pints  of  new  milk,  half 
a  pint  of  flummery. 
Barley  water  at  occa- 
sions. 

Cork  Fbveb 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  half  quartern  loaf  for  every  four,  and 
one  pint  of  new  milk  each.     Under  12  years,  half  a 
quartern  loaf  for  every  eight 

Dinner. — (1,  3, 6) — One  pound  of  beef,  and  two  pounds 
of  potatoes.    Under  12  years,  half  a  pound  of  beef, 
and  one  pound  of  potatoes. — (2,  4,  6,  7) — Potatoes 
and  milk. 

Supper. — One  pint  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults ;  half  do.  for  children. 

Breakfast.  —  One  -  fourth 
of  a  lb.  of  bread,  with 
milk  and  water  sweet- 
ened. 

Dinner.  —  Gruel,  broth, 
wine,  and  porter,  as  or- 
dered by  the  physician. 

IT.  UNITED  STATES. 


Pbewstlya- 
hia  Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 

Breakfast. — Tea,  coffee,  or  chocolate,  with  sugar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk,and  common  baker's  breadat discretion. 

Dinner. — Soup  always;  meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  generally — pork  frequently ;  vegetables,  accord- 
ing to  the  season ;  potatoes  and  rioe,  always. 

Supper.  —  Tea  and  bread:  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfast  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 

Gruel,  gum  water,  barley 
water,  and  other  arti- 
cles prescribed  by  the 
physician. 

/  Philadel- 
phia 
Hospital, 
(Blookley.) 

House  Diet.  —  Arrow-root,  gruel,  sago,  tapioca,  rice, 
beef  tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  water,  bar- 
ley water,  gum  water*  flaxseed  tea,  lemonade.    (The 
diet  on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the 
house  until  otherwise  directed.) 

Moderate  Diet.  —  Tea,  crackers,  broth,  rioe,  mush, 
milk,  potatoes,  Ac 

Full  Diet. — Bread,  coffee,  tea,  white  meat,  mutton, 
beef,  ham,  eggs,  butter,  soup,  potatoes,  Ac. 

The  kind  and  quantity 
left  to  the  physician. 
The  House  Diet  may  be 
regarded  as  low  diet 

New  Toes: 

Hospital, 

S.  York  City. 

Breakfast. — Bread  and  black  tea,  one  ounce  of  tea  to 
every  six,  and  a  pint  of  milk  to  every  eight  patients. 

JWaiwr.— Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  rioe,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Supper. — The  same  as  breakfast 

Special  diet  is  directed 
by  the  attending  phy- 
sician, and  adapted  to 
each  case. 

DEBT  DRINK 


208 


DIGESTIBLB 


The  Diet  Scale  of  the  British  Navy  allows  from 
$1  to  35$  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily ; 
of  which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
animal — 9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  4i  ounces  of 
fresh. 

That  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  is  as 
follows  :—Three  days  in  the  week — Pork,  16  oz. ; 
beans  or  peas,  7  oz. ;  biscuit,  14  ox. ;  pickles  or 
cranberries,  1  ox. j  sugar,  2  os. ;  tea,  I  os. j — 40$ 
oz.  Two  day e  in  the  week — Beef,  16  os. ;  flour, 
8  os. ;  fruit,  dried,  4  ox.  ;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  tea  and 
sugar,  2i  oz. ;  pickles  or  cranberries,  1  oz. ; — 
45}  oz.  Two  day  in  the  week  —  Beef,  16  oz. j 
rice,  8  oz. ;  butter,  2  oz. ;  cheese,  2  ox. ;  biscuit, 
14  os. ;  tea  and  sugar,  2±  os. ;  pickles  or  cran- 
berries, 1  os. ;— 45$  os. 

In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total  allow- 
ance of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces — 13  ounces 
vegetable,  and  4  ounces  animal.  In  the  Edin- 
burgh children's  poor-house,  the  diet  consists  of 
milk  aud  porridge,  barley  broth  and  bread, 
amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable  food  to  4 
ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances  have  been 
found  ample  for  the  maintenance  of  health.  Per- 
haps the  case  of  the  smallest  quantity  of  food  on 
which  life  was  vigorously  supported  was  that  of 
Cornaro, — not  more  than  12  ounces  a  day,  chiefly 
of  vegetable  matter,  for  a  period  of  58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  va- 
riously composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  purifying  the  blood.  The 
Decoc'tum  Lusitan'icum  or  Lisbon  Diet-drink,  is 
one  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  Deoootum  Sar- 
saparilto  Compositum. 

DIETART,  TABLE  OF,  see  Diet  Scale. 

DIETET'ICS,  DuBteticl,  Diatet'ica,  Medi- 
cina  Dicetet'ica  ;  same  etymon.  (F.)  Diitftique. 
A  branch  of  medicine,  comprising  the  rules  to  be 
followed  for  preventing,  relieving,  or  curing  dis- 
eases by  diet.  Dietetics  is  diet  administered  ac- 
cording to  principle.  It  is  an  important  part  of 
Hygiene.  A  well  regulated  system  of  diet  has 
great  power  in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in 
preventing  it  A  proper  knowledge  of  dietetics 
is,  indeed,  as  important  as  that  of  the  Materia 
Medico,  strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics  has  been  used,  also,  synonymously 
with  Hygiene. 

DIET&TIQUE,  Dietetics. 

DIETET'ISTS,  DuBtetis't*.  Physicians  who 
apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics  to  the  treatment 
of  disease. 

DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-filt,  in  France,  are  chaly- 
beate, and  much  sought  after. 

DIEURTSMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIEX'ODOS,  from  Sia,  and  t^oiot,  'an  exit  or 
way  out.'  Di'odos.  Any  opening  by  which  an 
excretion  takes  place. 


DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS,  see  Diaurf. 
tioa  signa. 
DIFFICULTAS   INTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 

tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 

DIFFORMIT&,  Deformation. 

DIFFUSED  BLOWING  SOUND,  fee  Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 

DIFFUSIBLE,  (stimulant*)  from  diffunder*, 
{die,  and  fundere,  fusun,  '  to  pour,')  '  to  pour 
apart  or  abroad.'  Those  stimulating  medicines 
are  so  called,  which  augment  the  action  of  the 
vascular  and  nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but 
transitory  manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  its,  'twice,'  and  ytmifr 
'a  belly:'  Biven'ter,  B.  Maxill'cB,  Detriment 
Maxil'UB  Biven'ter,  Bigas'ter,  (F.)  Mastoidokyo- 
gtnien,  Maetoido-ginien —  (Ch.,)  Digastrique, 
Abaisseur  de  la  machoire  infirieure.  The  name 
Digastricus  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscles 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastricus  is 
thick  and  fleshy  at  its  extremities,  thin  and  ten- 
dinous at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the  mas- 
toid groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a  fos- 
sette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  menti.  Its  ten- 
don passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring,  which  is 
attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastrieus  is  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to  carry 
it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle,  which  forms 
the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Digastric**, 

Digastricus  Cranii,  Occipito-frontalis. 

DIQASTRIQUE,  Digastricus. 

DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 

DIGESTIBLE,  Concoc'tus  Kab'ilU.  Capable 
of  being  digested.  All  food  is  not  equally  di- 
gestible, and  some  of  the  most  nourishing  is  the 
least  so : — the  fat  of  meat)  for  example.  Certain 
substances,  again,  are  entirely  rebellious.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  time  required  for  the 
stomachal  digestion  of  different  alimentary  sub- 
stances, in  a  well-known  case,  which  fell  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont.  The  table  is  extracted 
from  the  Author's  Human  Health,  Philadelphia, 
1844.  The  most  digestible  substances  are  taken 
as  the  standard,  which  has  been  arbitrarily  fixed 
at  1,000 ;  and  accordingly,  aponeurosis,  the  first 
article  in  the  table,  requiring  3  hours,  whilst 
pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  Ac,  require  but  one,  its 
digestibility,  compared  with  that  of  these  ali- 
ments, is  placed  as  333  to  1000;  and  so  of  the  others. 
It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these  tabular 
results  apply,  in  strictness,  to  the  individual  con- 
cerned only ;  yet  they  afford  useful  comparative 
views,  which  with  exceptions  depending  upon 
individual  peculiarities,  may  be  regarded  as  ap- 
proximations applicable  to  mankind  in  general. 


BIGESTIO 


394 


DIGITAL  BLANO 


Aliments. 


Aponeurosis 

Apples,  mellow 

Do.      sour,  bard • 

Do.      sweet,  mellow . . . 

Barley 

Bass,  striped,  fresh 

Beans,  pod 

Do.    and  green  .corn 
Beef,  fresb.  lean,  rare. 

Do.    do.     do.    dry  .... 

Do.    do.     steak 

Do.  with  salt  only 

Do.  with  mustard,  fcc. 

Do 

Do.  old,  hard  salted.... 

Beets 

Brains,  animal 

Bread,  corn 

Do,    wheat,  fresh 

Butterf 

Cabbage,  heod 

Do.       with  vinegar. . 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.    sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage 

Catflih,  fresh.... 

Cheese,  old,  strong 

Chicken,  full  grown 

Codfish,  cured  dry 

Corn  (green)  and  beans. . 

Cusiard 

Duck,  domesticated 

Do.    wild 

Dumpling,  apple 

"  :gs,  fre»h 

do!!!!'.!!!!'.!!!! 

do 

do 

do 

Flounder,  fresh 

Fowls,  domestic 

Do.         do 

Gelatin... 

Goose,  wild 

Heart,  animal 

Lamb,  irenh 

Liver,  beefs,  fresh 


Form  of 
prepara- 


? 


boiled 
raw 
do. 
do. 

boiled 

broiled 

boiled 

do. 


Do. 
Do, 
Do. 
Do. 


O  £.w  ■ 
03 


do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 

do. 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
raw 

fricasseed 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
roasted 

do. 
boiled 
hard  boiled 
soft  boiled 
fried 
roasted 
raw 

ar* 

boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
fried 
boiled 
do. 


A.m. 
3 
3 

350 
1  50 
3 
3 
3  30 
3  45 
3 

3  30 
3 
3  45 

3  30 
4 

4  15 
3  45 
1  45 
3  15 
3  30 
3  30 

3  30 
3 

4  30 
3 
3  30 

3  15 

4  15 
3  30 
3  30 
3-45 
3 
3  45 

3  45 
4 

4  30 
3 

3  30 
3 

3  30 
3  15 
3 

1  30 
3  30 
4 
4 

3  30 
3  30 
4 
3  30 

5 


333 
500 
353 
545 

500 
333 
400 
266 
333 
285 
333 
363 
885 
350 
235 
366 
571 
303 
285 
285 
400 
500 
222 
333 
400 
302 
235 
385 
285 
363 
500 
266 
363 
250 
222 
333 
285 
333 
285 
444 
500 


250 
250 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 


Aliments. 


Form  of 
prepara- 


o  c 

i! 


Marrow,  animal,  spinal . .  •  boiled 

Meat  and  vegetables hashed 

Milk boiled 

Do raw 

Mutton,  fresh roasted 

Do.         do broiled 

Do.         do boiled 

Oysters,  fresh raw 

Do.        do roasted 

Do.        do stewed 

Parsnips boiled 

Pig.  sucking roasted 

Pigs'  feet,  soused boiled 

Pork,  fat  and  lean roasted 

Do.  recently  salted boiled 

Do.  do fried 

Do.  do broiled 

Do.  do raw 

Do.  do stewed 

Potatoes,  Irish boiled 

Do.         do roasted 

Do.  do baked 

Rice boiled 

Sago do. 

Salmon,  salted do. 

Sausage,  fresh broiled 

Soup,  barley boiled 

Do.    bean do. 

Da    beef,  vegetables,  and 

bread do. 

Do.    chicken do. 

Soup  marrow  bones do. 

Do.  mutton do. 

Do.  oyster do. 

Suet,  beef,  fresh do. 

Do.  mutton do. 

Tapioca do. 

Tendon,  boiled do. 

Tripe,  soused do. 

Trout,  salmon,  fresh do. 

Do.        do fried 

Turkey,  domestic roasted 

Do.  do boiled 

Do.       wild roasted 

Turnips,  flat. . . «. boiled 

Veal,  fresh broiled 

Do.     do fried 

Vegetables     and     meat 

hashed  

Venison,  steak 


*s  fc.SPe 
2  -  1*3 

*  «  B  "S 
03 


warmed 
broiled 


2  40 
2  30 
2 

2  15 

3  15 
3 
3 
255 
3  15 

3  30 
2  30 

2  30 
1 
5  15 

4  30 
4  15 

3  15 
3 
3 
3  30 

2  30 

3  80 
1 

1  45 
4 
320 
1  30 
3 

4 
3 

4  15 
3  30 

3  30 

5  30 

4  30 
2 

5  30 

1  30 
1  30 
3  30 
3  25 
3  18 

3  30 
4 

4  30 

3  30 

1  35 


375 
400 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
343 
307 
285 
400 
400 
1000 
190 
223 
235 
303 


400 
400 
1000 
571 
350 
300 
666 
333 


285 
285 
181 
222 
500 
181 
1000 
666 
666 
400 
511 
435 
285 
250 


400 
631 


•  Pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  and  tripe  soused,  being  the  most  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  estimated  at  1000. 
t  In  the  case  of  oils,  and  other  substances  of  similar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  time  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


DIGBSTI0  DEPRAVATA,  Dyspepsia—  d. 
Diffioilis,  Dyspepsia — d.  LaBsa,  Dyspepsia. 

DIGES'TION,  Dwe*? to,  from  digere,  'to  dis- 
solve'; Coctio,  C.  Cibo'rum,  Pep'sis,  Digestive 
Proc"e99.  Digestion  is  a  function,  by  means  of 
which  alimentary  substances,  when  introduced 
into  the  digestive  canal,  undergo  different  altera- 
tions. The  object  of  this  is  to  convert  them  into 
two  parts ;  the  one,  a  reparatory  juice,  destined 
to  renew  the  perpetual  waste  occurring  in  the 
economy:  the  other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious 
properties,  to  be  rejected  from  the  body.  This 
function  is  composed  of  a  series  of  organic  ac- 
tions, differing  according  to  the  particular  organi- 
sation of  the  animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in 
number,  vis.  1.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastica- 
tion. 3.  Insalivatton.  4.  Deglutition.  6.  Action 
*f  the  stomach.  6.  Action  of  the  small  intestine. 
7.  Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  Expulsion  of 
the  faeces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pharmaceutical  operation, 
which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  substances 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  menstruum,  at  a 


slightly  elevated  temperature, — in  a  sand-bath, 
for  example,  or  by  leaving  them  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE.  See  Digestives— <L  Principle, 
Pepsin — d.  Process,  Digestion. 

Digestive  Texture.  The  particular  organic 
condition  of  substances  whioh  affects  their  diges- 
tibility. 

Digestive  Tube,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Diges'tives,  Digesti'va,  Digeren'tia  ;  same 
etymon  as  Digestion.  (F.)  Digestif:  A  term 
given,  by  surgeons,  to  substances,  which,  when 
applied  to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppura- 
tion; such  as  the  ceratum  retime,  warm  cata- 
plasms,  fomentations,  Ac. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lis;  from  digitus,  'a  fin- 
per:'  having  the  shape  of  a  finger;  digitated. 
Belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Appen'dix  vermifor*nis  cad  is  sometimes 
called  Dig"ital  Appen'dix. 

Digital  Arteries,  Veins,  and  Nebtss  are 
those  distributed  to  the  fingers. 

DIGITAL  BLANC,  (Bavaria. 


DIGITAL 


200 


DTXTJEKTIA 


"Digital  Cavttt,  An'eyroid  cavity,  Oornu  de- 
emm'dent  ventricfuli  later  a' IU.  The  occipital  por- 
tiLft  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

DIGITAL  HUMAIN,  Clavaria. 

Digital  Impressions  are  the  slight  depres- 
sions observable  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  which  correspond  to  the  cerebral 
convolutions. 

DIGITA'LE.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Doigtier. 
A  finger  stall.  The  term  Doigtier  tfAedrubali 
has  been  given  to  a  small  iron  instrument  used 
for  measuring  the  dimensions  of  the  pelvis. 
Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index  finger,  it  adds  to 
its  bigth  and  enables  it  to  reach  the  promontory 
of  the  sacrum. 

DIGITALINE,  see  Digitalis. 

DIGITA'LI8,  from  digitue,  'a  finger/  because 
its  flower  represents  a  finger;  Digita'lie  purpu- 
rea, Fox-glove,  Bac'charu,  Bacchar,  Baccar  (?)/ 
Family,  Scrophulariness.  Sex.  Syet.  Didynamia 
Angiospermia.  (F. )  Digitate,  Gante  de  notre  dame, 
Doigtier.  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are 
indigenous  in  Oreat  Britain,  are  powerfully  seda- 
tive, diminishing  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  diu- 
retic, and  Borbefacient  In  over-doses,  Digitalis 
causes  vomiting,  purging,  dimness  of  sight,  ver- 
tigo, delirium,  hiccough,  convulsions,  and  death : 
—-all  the  symptoms,  in  short,  which  characterise 
the  acro-narcotio  class  of  poisons.    Its  active 

Cciple  has  been  called  Dig"italine.  It  is  a 
dred-fold  stronger  than  the  most  active  pre- 
paration of  digitalis. 

Digitalis  has  been  administered  in  inflamma- 
tory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage,  drop- 
sy, Ac. ;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful  remedy,  it 
has  not  been  as  much  employed  as  it  probably 
would  have  been  in  particular  cases,  owing  to 
the  over-strained  eulogiums,  which  many  have 
passed  upon  it  in  almost  all  diseases.  The  ave- 
rage dose  is  one  grain,  in  the  form  of  pill,  which 
may  be  repeated  every  six  or  eight  hours. 

Digitalis  Minima,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGITA'TION,  Digita'tio,  Produc'tio  denta'ta, 
Ineer'tio  denticula'ta,  7.  digita'ta.  A  division  into 
processes  having  the  form  of  fingers.  Several 
muscles,  as  the  eerrati,  exhibit  digitations,  similar 
to  those  which  the  fingers  form, when  held  separate. 

DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  FALLOPII, 
see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
fingers. — Linnaeus.  Sauvages  calls  the  same  af- 
fection Paronychia  Digit"  ium,  see  Paronychia. 

DIGITORUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevisdigi- 
torum  pedis. 

DIG';ITUS,  DacTtylot,  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt. 
A  name  given  to  the  prolongations  which  form 
the  extremity  of  the  hand.  There  are  five  on 
each  hand:  the  first,  the  thumb,  Anticheir, 
Poller,  Manut  parva  majo'ri  adju'trix,  Digtfitu$ 
primus,  D.  magnut,  Pro'manue,  (F.)  Pouce  ;  the 
second,  the  index;  the  third,  D.  midiue,  Impu- 
di'cue,  (F.)  Doigt  du  milieu,  middle  finger  or  long 
finger;  the  fourth,  the  ring  finger,  Annula'rie, 
Param'eso9,  (F.)  Annulaire  ;  and  the  little  finger, 
Oti'tes,  Dig"ituw  auricula' 'rie,  (F.)  Auriculaire, 
Petit  doigt.  All  of  these  have  three  phalanges, 
except  the  first,  which  has  only  two. 

Digitus  Annularis,  Annular  finger — d.  Au- 
rieularis,  see  Digitus — d.  Index,  Index — d.  IndU 
oatorius,  Index — d.  Magnus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus 
— d.  Medina,  see  Digitus. 

Dio"itus  Pedis,  Toe.  (F.)  OrteiL  The  toes 
are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished  nume- 
rically, reckoning  from  within  to  without.  The 
first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,  (F.)  grot  orteil;  the 
fifth,  the  little  toe,  petit  orteil  They  have  nearly 
the  same  orgaa'iation  as  the  fingers. 


Digitus  Primus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus— -d.  Sa- 
lutatorius,  Index — d.  Secundus,  Index. 

DIG'NATHUS ;  from  It,  'double,'  and  yvaSof, 
'  lower  jaw/  A  monster  having  two  lower  jaws. 
— Gurlt 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from  it,  'double,' and 
'v*oya<rrptov,  'the  hypogastrium.'  A  monster 
whose  pelvis,  together  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  is  double. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime>tra,  DidcVphy;  U'ter— 
duplex,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  'vertpri,  'uterus*4 
The  state  in  which  there  is  a  double  uterus. 

DIJUDICATIO,  Crisis. 

DILACERATIO,  Laceration. 

DILATANTS,  Dilating  agents. 

DILATA TE UR,  DUator  —  d.  AntSrieur  dm 
larynx,  Crico-thyroid  muscle  —  d.  Poettritur  dm 
larynx,  Crico-arytenoid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchiec- 
tasis—  d.  Ventriculi,  Gastrectasis — d.  Intestino- 
rum,  Enterectasis. 

DILATA'TION,  Dilata'tio,  from  dilatare, 
(latum  facere,)  *  to  enlarge ;'  Eurye'mue,  Aneu- 
ryfmu;  Dieurye'mue.  Augmentation  of  the  bulk 
of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  separation  of  some  of 
its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  property  of  dilat- 
ing all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it  means  the  acci- 
dental or  preternatural  augmentation  of  a  canal 
or  opening;  as  in  aneurisms,  varices,  Ac,  or  the 
process  of  enlarging  any  aperture  or  canal.  When 
used  so  as  to  obtain  a  view  of  parts,  as  by  the 
speculum,  it  is  termed  Dioptrit'mue. 

DILATATOIRE,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUM,  DUator. 

DILATATORIUS,  Dilator. 

DILA'TING  AGENTS,  Dilatanftia,  (F.)  Di- 
latante.  Certain  substances  used  in  surgery, 
either  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite  —  as  after  opening  an  abscess,  to 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting ; 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  of  canals,  either 
when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or  artifici- 
ally. These  agents  differ  from  each  other:  the 
chief  are — prepared  sponge  tent*,  gentian  root, 
bougies,  eottndt,  dried  peae  for  issues,  Ac. 

DILA'TOR,  Dilatato'riue,  Diastoleue,  (F.)  2W- 
latateur  ou  Dilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  office 
it  is  to  dilate  certain  parts ;  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatato'rium,  (F.)  Dilatateur.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excretory 
canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  opening.  When 
employed  to  obtain  an  inspection  of  internal 
parts,  it  is  termed  Speculum,  Diop'tra  or  Diop'- 
tron.  There  are  several  instruments  of  this  kind, 
each  taking  its  name  from  the  part  to  which  it  is 
applied;  as  Speculum  Oris,  S.  Nam,  S.  Uteri,  Ac. 

Dilator,  Arnott'b.  A  modification  of  the  old 
dilators  for  strictures  of  the  urethra.  It  consists 
of  a  tube  of  oiled  silk,  lined  with  the  thin  gut  of 
some  small  animal  to  make  it  air-tight,  and  fixed 
on  the  extremity  of  a  small  canula,  by  which  it 
is  distended  with  air  or  water,  from  a  bag  or 
syringe  at  the  outer  end,  whilst  a  stop-cock  or 
valve  serves  to  keep  the  air  or  water  in,  when 
received.  As  soon  as  the  bag  is  passed  within 
the  stricture  or  strictures,  as  much  air  is  to  be 
injected  into  it  as  the  patient  can  easily  bear. 
The  instrument  is  not  much  used. 

Dilatores  Alarum  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

DILL,  Anethum  graveolens. 

DILLY,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DILUEN'TIA,  from  diluo,  (<*»>,  and  /tiers,)  'I 
wash  away.'  (F.)  Dilayanf.  Medicines  which 
have  been  conceived  proper  for  augmenting  the 
fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal  liquids. 
All  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.    They  are  ad- 


DILWEED 


298 


DIPLOPIA 


ministered,  with  great  advantage,  in  various  dis- 
eases. In  fever,  water,  which  is  the  most  familiar 
diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed;  the  only  precau- 
tion being  to  give  it  hot  in  the  cold  stage,  cold  in 
fee  hot,  and  tepid  in  the  sweating.  In  diseases, 
where  it  is  considered  necessary  to  abstract  blood 
largely,  diluents  should  not  be  given  too  freely. 
The  abstraction  of  blood  occasions  activity  of  ab- 
sorption, and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  It 
is  also  obvious,  that  in  cases  of  inflammation  of 
the  mamma,  in  nurses,  diluents  should  not  be 
freely  allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk,  and  add  to  the  irritation.  When  demulcent* 
are  exhibited  in  oases  of  urinary  disease,  they  act 
simply  as  diluents :  their  mucilaginous  portion  is 
digested  in  the  stomach  and  small  intestine, — 
the  watery  portion  alone  being  separated  by  the 
kidney. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DIMETRA,  Dihysteria. 

DINANT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Dinant 
Is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St  Malo,  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  waters,  containing  car- 
bonate of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  6c  They  are 
much  esteemed. 

DINGEE,  Dengue. 

DINICUS,  Antidinic 

DINKHOLD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
rich  carbonated  water,  situate  near  the  junction 
of  the  Lahn  with  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

DINOMANIA,  Tarantismus. 

DINUS,  Vertigo— d.  Scotoma,  Scotodynia— d. 
Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

DIOBOLON,  Scruple. 

DIOCRES,  Pastil. 

D10D0S,  Diexodos. 

DICECESIS,  Dispensation. 

DIONCO'SIS,  from  bia,  and  oynt,  'a  tumour/ 
The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to  a  sort  of 
tumefaction  or  plethora,  occurring  either  directly 
from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid  circulating  in 
the  system,  or  owing  to  the  retention  of  sub- 
stances which  ought  to  be  excreted.  It  is  the 
antithesis  to  symptoeis.    See  Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  from  Atoweos,  «  Bacchus/ 
who  is  represented  by  the  poets  as  wearing  horns. 
One  who  has  long  or  horn-like  excrescences. 

DIONYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  long  horn-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal  region. 
—Vogel. 

DIOPUTHALMUS,  Binoculus. 

DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIOPTRISMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIORTHO'SIS,  from  8iop$t», '  I  make  straight.' 
The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 

DIOSCOREA,  see  Yam. 

Diosco'rba  Villo'sa,  Wild  Tamroot;  indi- 
genous :  Order,  Dioscoriacess ;  flowering  in  July. 
A  decoction  of  the  root  has  been  prescribed  in 
bilious  colic.  It  is  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and,  in  large  doses,  emetic 

DIOSCURI,  Parotis. 

DIOSMA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma  C re n a' t a,  from  hot,  'divine,'  and 
•*P9,  'odour.'  Baros'ma  crena'ta,  Agathos'ma 
arena' turn,  Buchu  Leaves,  Diotma  (Ph.  U.  S., 
1842,  Buchu,  1851)  Buckho,  (F.)  Diosmte  crS- 
neUe.  Nat.  Ord.  Diosmess.  A  South  African 
plant  the  powder  of  whose  leaves  is  used  by  the 
Hottentot*  to  perfume  their  bodies.  It  has  been 
employed  in  chronic  affections  of  the  bladder  and 
urinary  organs  in  general.  It  has  also  been  given 
in  cholera.  It  is  often  adulterated  in  commerce, 
Vy  the  substitution  of  less  potent  plants  of  the 


same  family,  as  Diotma  oerratifo'lia,  and  £«• 
pUu'rum  serrula'tum. 

Diosm a  Serratifolia,  D.  crenata. 

DIOSMJSE  CRitNEL&E,  Diosma  crenata. 

DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  apparently  from  Sios, 
'divine/  and  vvpof,  'wheat,'  but  why  is  not  clear; 
Faba  Graca,  Indian  Date  Plum,  (F.)  Plaqnemi- 
nier  d' Europe.  This  tree  grows  in  some  of  the 
southern  parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit  is  very  as- 
tringent, and  has  been  recommended  in  dysentery 
and  hemorrhages. 

Dzos'pyrob  ViKGnriA'vA,  Lotus  Virginia'na, 
Penim'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle  parts 
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persim'mons, 
Yellow  Plume,  Winter  Plume,  Seeded  Plume,  which 
is  only  eatable  after  frost,  (when  it  is  tolerable,) 
is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with  bran.  These, 
being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept  to  make  beer. 
When  bruised  in  water,  fermentation  takes  place, 
The  unripe  fruit  is  distressingly  acerb  and  astrin- 
gent The  bark  of  the  tree,  Diospyros,  f  Ph.  U. 
S.,)  is  extremely  bitter,  and  may  bo  used  where 
bitters  are  indicated. 

DIOTA,  Dyota,  from  its,  and  svt,  genitive 
evroft  'ear.'  Two-eared,  two-handled.  Applied  to 
a  wooden  cup,  lined  with  a  composition  of  resin, 
cinnamon,  cloves,  and  ginger,  to  give  more  flavour 
to  beer.  It  was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north 
of  Europe. 

DIPHORUS,  Diphrus. 

DIPHRUS,  Di'phorus,  from  fa,  'two,'  and 
fepa, '  I  carry.'  Properly  a  seat  for  two.  A  close 
stool. 

Diphrtts  Maibu'ticus,  Sella  obstetru/'ia.  An 
obstetric  ohair. 

DIPH'RYGESj  from  Sit,  and  tpvyu,  'I  tor- 
refy.' The  oxide  of  copper,  more  or  less  pure. 
The  ancients  reckoned  three  kinds  of  diphryges, 
which  they  used  as  astringents. 

DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 

DIPHTH^RITE  BUCOALE,  Stomatitis, 
pseudomembran  ons. 

DIPHTHERI'TIS,  Diphtheria,  Diphtheritic 
Inflammation,  Pellie'ular  Inflammation,  from  4if> 
0cpa,  '  a  membrane.'  A  name  given  by  M.  Bre- 
tonneau  to  a  class  of  diseases,  which  are  charac- 
terised by  a  tendency  to  the  formation  of  false 
membranes,  and  affect  the  dermoid  tissue, — as  the 
mucous  membranes,  and  even  the  skin. 

Diphthkritis  op  thb  Throat,  Angina  pellicu- 
laris — d.  Trachealis,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication. 

DIPLECOIA,  Double  hearing. 

DIP'LOfi,  from  JcrXo*,  'I  double.'  DipWeie, 
Meditul'lium,  Medium  Galva'ria  Diseri'men.  The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  tables 
of  the  skull  from  each  other.  The  anciente  ap- 
plied the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat  of  the 
uterus  (?)— Rolfink,  in  CastellL 

The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Cancelli. 

DIPLOGEN'ESIS,  JurAse*  'double/  andyo*- 
ms,  '  generation.'  An  organic  deviation,  which  is 
owing  to  the  union  of  two  germs. 

DIPLOLEPIS  GALLS  TINCTORUB,  see 
Quercus  infectoria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  DiploS.  A  letter 
or  writing  conferring  some  privilege;  usually 
applied  to  the  document,  certifying  that  a  person 
has  obtained  the  title  of  Doctor.  It  was  so  called 
because  formerly  written  on  waxed  tables,  folded 
together.  Diploma  is  also  used  in  pharmacy  for 
a  vessel  with  double  walls, — as  a  water-bath. 

DIPLO'PIA,  from  iizXoos,  'double,'  and  am- 
fiat,  '  I  see.'  Vistu  Dupliea'tus,  Ditto'pia,  DO- 
top'sia,  Amphamphoterodiop'ria,  AmpModipto'piay 
Double  Vision,  (F.)  Bevue.    An  affection  of  the) 


DIPL0SI8 


m 


DISEASE 


right,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations  are  pro- 
dnoed  by  the  same  object,  which  consequently 
seems  double.  Sometimes  more  than  two  are 
seen;  but  still  the  disease  is  termed  Diplo'pia 
and  Suffu'sio  Mult'iplicans.  This  affection  arises 
from  some  derangement  in  the  visual  axes,  in 
consequence  of  which,  the  images  are  not  im- 
pressed on  corresponding  parts  of  the  retina  of 
each  eye.  The  diplopia  of  both  eyes  has  been 
termed  Amphodiplo'pia  and  Amphoterodiplo'pia. 

DIPLOSIS,  Diploe*,  Duplication.         _ 

DIPLOSO'MA,  from  inr\ooif  *  double,'  and 
wwfia,  'body.'  The  Diplosoma  crena'ta  is  an  im- 
perfectly described  entozoon,  which  has  been 
passed  from  the  urinary  bladder.  It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and  is 
thinnest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon  itself,  so  that  the  two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ance as  if  two  worms  had  been  tied  together  by 
their  heads.  It  has  been  confounded  with  the 
Spiroptera  hominis. 

DIPNOOS,  from  its,  and  itvwi,  'breath.'  Hav- 
ing two  vent  holes ;  Bispi'ruB.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  wounds  which  pass  through  a  part,  and 
admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSO'PUS,  Iriod'ymut  et  Opod'ymus,  from 
hi,  'double,'  and  vooawrov,  'countenance.'  A 
monster  having  a  double  face. 

Diproso'pus  Dlad<e'us,  from  it,  'double/  and 
vyorwTov,  'countenance;'  and  it,  'double/  and 
aiSoia, '  parts  of  generation.'  A  double  monster, 
in  whom  the  duplication  affects  superiorly  the 
face,  and  inferiorly  the  anterior  pelvic  region. — 
Barkow. 

Diproso'ptjs  Dihtpogas'trius,  from  Si,  '  dou- 
ble/ and  irpoo-uffov,  'countenance/  and  from  it, 
'double/  and  'vxoyaorpiov,  'the  hypogastrium.' 
A  double  monster  in  whom  the  duplication  affects 
superiorly  the  face,  and  inferiorly  the  lower  part 
of  the  body — four  lower  extremities  being  always 
present ; —  Tetraa'celua. 

DIPSA,  Thirst 

DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS  FULLO'NUM,  Berba  Car'dui 
Ven'eris,  Car'dun*  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Cardtre  adtivf, 
Chardon  dfouton,  Chardon  d  bonnetier,  has  had 
similar  properties  ascribed  to  it  Both  have  been 
also  regarded  as  stomaohic. 

Dip'sacus  Sylvks'trib,  from  itipa,  'thirst,' 
said  to  be  so  called  owing  to  the  leaves  being  so 
placed  as  to  hold  water.  Cultivated  Teasel, 
(F.)  Cardlre.  The  roots  of  this  European  plant 
are  diuretic  and  sudorific.  The  water,  which  col- 
lects at  the  base  of  the  leaves,  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  eye- water. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  itxj,a,  'thirst'  A  remedy 
believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  thirst  See 
Alterative. 

DIPSO'DES,  Sif'iens,  Siticulo'sus,  from  it^a, 
'thirst,'  and  uios,  'resemblance.'  Thirsty.  Caus- 
ing thirst 

DIPSOMANIA,  from  Ma,  'thirst,'  and  mania. 
Really,  thirst-mania.  Often,  however,  applied  to 
habitual  drunkenness  and  to  delirium  tremens. 
An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating  liquors. 

DIPSOP'ATHY,  Dipsopathi'a,  from  6i\U, 
'thirst,'  and  xaBos,  'disease/  A  mode  of  treat- 
ment, which  consists  in  abstaining  from  drinks. 

DIPSO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  Morbid  thirst. 
The  desire  for  drinking,  excessive  or  impaired. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Caeliaea,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

Dipso'sis  A  yens,  Polydypsia  —  d.  Expert, 
Adipsia. 

DI'PYGUS,  from  it,  'double,'  and  xvyn,  'the 
nates.'  A  double  monster,  the  duplication  being 
oonfined  to  the  posterior  portion  of  the  lower  end 
of  the  trunk— the  coccygeal  region. 


DIPYRB'NON,  from  its,  'twice/  and  *vm*9 
'  a  kernel.'  A  specil'lum  or  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels— one  at  each  end. 

DIPYRITES,  Biscuit 

DIPYROS,  Biscuit 

DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwood,  Swamp 
Leathenoood,  Mooscxoood,  Swampwood,  Rope- 
bark,  Bois  de  plomb,  (Canada.)  An  indigenous 
shrub,  which  grows  in  boggy  woods  and  low  wet 
places  throughout  the  United  States.  It  is  ana- 
logous to  mesereon,  in  its  action,  —  six  or  eight 
grains  of  the  fresh  bark  producing  violent  vomit- 
ing, preceded  by  a  sense  of  heat  in  the  stomacl^ 
often  followed  by  purging.  Applied  to  the  akin, 
the  bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Itinera'riwm,  from  dinger*,  di- 
rectum, (di$,  an£  regere,  '  to  rule/)  '  to  direct'  A 
Conductor,  A  grooved  sound  for  guiding  a  knife, 
in  dividing  any  part;  (F.)  Sonde  cannelie. 

Director  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

DIRIBITORIUM,  Mediastinum. 

DIRT-EATING,  Chthonophagia. 

DIRUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

DIS,  DL 

DISC,  see  Disk. 

D1SCEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCHARGE',  (die, Jtnd  charfe,)  Ec'roi, 
Fluxus,  Projlu'vium,  (F.)  J&coulement*  In  patho- 
logy, an  increased  discharge  from  any  part,  that 
naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISCHROA,  Dyschraa. 

DISCREET',  from  diecemere,  diserehm,  'to 
separate.'  Discre'tus,  Intertinc'tus,  Separated, 
(F.)  Discret.  This  epithet  is  given  to  certain 
exanthemata,  in  which  the  spots  or  pustules  are 
separated  from  each  other.  It  is  opposed  to 
confluent 

DISCRET,  Discreet 

DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.  The  purgation 
or  expulsion  of  some  particular  matter. 

DISCRETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCRFMEN,  Separation,  Division.  A  ban- 
dage, used  in  bleeding  from  the  frontal  vein ;  so 
called,  because,  in  passing  along  the  sagittal  su- 
ture, it  divides  the  head  into  two  equal  parts. 

DiscRiMKir  Calvarlb  Medium,  Diploe' —  d. 
Narium,  Septum  N. 

Discrixex  Nasi;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

Discrimen  Thoracis  et  Ventris,  Diaphragm. 

DISCUS  PROLIGERTJS,  Proligerous  disc  — 
d.  Vitellinus,  Proligerous  disc 

DISCUSSTFS,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISCU'TIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Resolven'tia, 
Discussi'va,  Discusso'ria,  from  dUcutere,  'to  shake 
apart/  (die,  and  quatere,  'to  shake/)  (F.)  Dis- 
cussi/s.  Substances  which  possess  the  power  of 
repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 

DISEASE',  old  French  rf««at»e;— from  dis,  and 
ease:  Morbus,  Nosos,  Note' ma,  Noseu'ma,  Nusue, 
Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  Lues,  Malum,  Passio,  JEgritu'- 
do,  jEgrota'tio,  Vif'ium,  Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoste'ma, 
Arrhosten'ia,  Valetu'do  adver^ea,  Mal'ady,  Com  • 
plaint,  Sicknett,  Distem'per.  (F.)  Maladie.  An 
opposite  state  to  that  of  health,  consisting  in  a 
change  either  in  the  position  and  structure  of 
parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or  more  of  their 
functions,  or  in  both. 

By  some,  Disease  is  applied  to  structural 
change,  whilst  Disorder  is  restricted  to  functional 
derangement 

The  following  table,  essentially  that  of  Dr.  0. 
J.  B.  Williams,  comprises  the  chief  elements  of 
structural  disease. 


Altered 
Mechajusm. 


DIBECOIA 


DISEASED 
NUTRITION. 


'  Contraction, 
Dilatation, 
Obstruction, 
Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture,  Ac 


298 


DISPENSATORY 


Increased— Hypertrophy, 
Diminished — Atrophy. 

'  Inflammation, 

Induration, 

Softening, 

Transformation  and  Degeneration. 


Perverted . 


Euplastio 


Deposits  < 


Caeoplastic . 


Aplastic 


Growths  . 


Nonmalignant . 
Malignant 


Disease,  Blub,  Cyanopathy —  d.  of  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright' 8  Disease  of  the  —  d.  English, 
Rachitis  —  d.  Extrinsic,  External  disease  —  d. 
Family,  see  Hereditary — d.  Fungoid,  Encepha- 
loid — d.  G astro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis — d.  Hae- 
mato-oerebriform,  Encephaloid  —  d.  Hereditary, 
see  Hereditary— d.  Pretended,  Feigned  disease — 
d.  Simulated,  Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  Ex- 
ternal disease. 

DISECOIA,  Baryecoia. 

DISFIGURATION,  Deformation. 

DISGORGEMENT,  (F.)  Digorgement,  from 
de,  and  gorge,  *  the  throat'  An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement  The  discharge  or 
abstraction  of  a  certain  quantity  of  fluid,  which 
had  previously  collected  in  a  part;  as  Disgorge- 
ment of  bile.   It  also  means  particularly,  a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  austare,  '  to  taste.' 
'Oibi  fastid'ium,  Apositia,  Asit'ia,  Apoclei'sis, 
Abomina'tio,  Siccha'sia,  Horror  Cibo'rum,  Loath- 
ing, An  aversion  for  food.  (F.)  Dfgout.  Dis- 
gust is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia.  The  latter  is 
only  a  want  of  appetite ;  the  former  consists  in 
real  repugnance  for  fotd. 

DISINFECTANT,  Disinfec' tans,  from  die, 
and  infect.  This  term  has  been  restricted  by 
some  to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing 
morbific  effluvia ;  but  the  author  includes  under 
it,  also,  antiseptics  or  agents  that  are  capable  of 
removing  any  incipient  or  fully  formed  septic 
condition  of  the  living  body,  or  of  any  part  of  it 

DISINFECTING  LIQUID,  SIR  WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S,  see  Burnett's  Disinfecting  Liquid 
—  d.  Liquid,  Labarraque's,  Liquor  sodss  chlori- 
nates—d.  Liquid  of  Ledoyen,  see  Ledoyen's  dis- 
infecting liquid. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'tio.  The  act  of 
destroying  miasmata,  with  which  the  air,  cloth- 
ing, Ac,  may  be  infected.  Various  means  have 
been  proposed  for  this  purpose.  Those  most 
commonly  employed  are:  —  chlorine,  sulphurous 
and  cfZorohydric  acid  gases,  vapours  of  vinegar, 
-nitrous  acia;  and,  what  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
manageable  of  any,  and  equally  efficacious, — 
chlorinated  lime,  or  any  of  the  chlorides  of  the 
alkalies.  It  is  questionable  if  any  chemical  ac- 
tion occur  between  these  agents  and  the  mias- 
mata, whence  results  a  compound  which  is  harm- 
less. Disinfection  also  includes  the  action  of 
antiseptics. 

Chlorine  or  Oxy muriatic  Fumigation,  Solu'- 
ho  alexite'ria  Oaubia'na,  Fumiga'tio  antiloim'- 
iea  Qau'bii,  Alexite'rium  chlo'ricum,  Fumiga'tio 
Quytonien'sis,  is  made  by  adding  common  salt 
Jiij,  to  black  oxide  of  manganese  Jj,  sulyhurie 


'  Cicatrices, 
False  membraaea, 
Cirrhosis, 
Fibro-cartilage, 
Gray  tubercle, 
Atheroma,  Ac 

'  Yellow  tubercle. 
Calcareous 
matter,  Ac 

*  Cysts, 
Tumours, 

_  Hydatids,  Ac 
Carcinoma, 
Encephaloma, 
Melanosis,  Ac 

acid  gj,  and  water  fgij.    This  may  be  carried 
through  an  apartment, «or  be  shut  up  in  it 

Nitrous  Fumiga'tion,  Alexite'rium  Ni'triatn, 
Fumiga'tio  Smythia'na,  may  be  formed  by  pla- 
cing nitrate  of  potass  giv,  and  sulphuric  acid  £\j, 
in  a  saucer  on  hot  sand. 

DISJUNCTI  MORBI.     (From  die,  and  /im- 
gere,   iunctum,    'to  join.')      Disjoined  diseases. 
Fernclius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  different  organs,  and  are  not  produced  by  ' 
each  other. 

DISK,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood— d.  In- 
tervertebral,  Intervertebral  Cartilage — d.  Prolige- 
rous,  see  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISLOCATIO  LIENIS  6EU  SPLENIS, 
Splenectopia. 

DISLOCATION,  Luxation. 

DISOD'ICUS,  from  its,  'twice,'  and  o&ot, 
1  threshold.'    Having  a  double  opening. 

DISORDER,  see  Disease. 

DISORGANIZATION,  Organo'rum  destruc- 
tio,  (F.)  Disorganisation.*  A  complete  morbid 
change  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even 
total  destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphacelus, 
and  sloughy  ulcers,  we  have  examples  of  this 
change. 

DISPENSATJiE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 

DISPEN'SARY,  Dispensa'rium,  from  dispen- 
dere,  (die  and  pendere,  *  to  weigh,')  '  to  take  from 
a  weight  or  mass,'  'to  distribute.'  The  shop  or 
place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared.  Also,  an 
institution  in  which  the  poor  are  furnished  with 
advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.)  Dispem- 
saire.  This  word  is  also  used  by  the  French  sy- 
nonymously with  Dispensatory. 

DISPENSATION,  Dispensa'tio,  Dicece'sis, 
Epineme'sis.  The  composition  and  distribution 
of  medicines  according  to  prescription.  In 
France,  it  to  more  commonly  applied  to  the 
weighing,  measuring,  and  arranging  of  the  ar- 
ticles, which  have  to  enter  into  a  formula,  prior 
to  combining  them. 

DISPENSATOR,  Apothecary. 

DISPEN'SATORY,  Dispensato'rium  ;  same 
etymon.  Antidota'rium,  Liber  Pharmaceutic**, 
(F.)  Dispeneaire.  A  book  which  treats  of  the 
composition  of  medicines.  A  Dispensatory  dif- 
fers from  a  Pharmacopoeia,  in  containing  the  phy- 
sical and  medical  history  of  the  various  substances; 
whilst  the  Pharmacopoeia  is  mainly  restricted  to 
the  mode  of  preparing  them.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
too,  is  published  under  the  authority  of,  and  by, 
the  members  of  a  college  or  association ;  whilst' a 
dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia or  Pharmacopoeias,  with  additions  by  the 
author,  under  whose  authority,  alone,  it  usually 


DISPLACED 


2* 


DITTANY 


appear*.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other  word*,  is 
officinal;  the  Dispensatory,  generally,  private. 
Formerly,  the  words  were  used  indiscriminately. 
See  Formulary,  and  Pharmacopoeia. 

DISPLACED,  see  Percolation. 

DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 

DISPOSITION,  Diepoeit"io,  from  die,  and 
ponere,  'to  put  or  set'  A  particular  condition 
of  the  body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of 
altering,  suddenly,  to  a  state  of  health  or  disease; 
— of  improving,  or  becoming  changed  for  the 
worse.  The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulmonalis  is 
sometimes  so  strong,  owing  to  original  conforma- 
tion, that  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance, 
notwithstanding  every  care.    See  Diathesis. 

DISPUTATIO,  Thesis. 

BISQUE  PROLIGJ&RE,  Proligerons  Disk. 

DISRUP'TIO,  from  dierumpere,  'to  break  off.' 
A  puncture,  which  interests  deep-seated  parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneurism. 

DISSECTIO,  Dissection  — d.  Tendinum,  Te- 
notomy. 

DISSECTION,  Dieeec'tio,  from  dieeecare,  (die, 
and  eecare,  'to  out,')  'to  cut  open;'  Diac'opi, 
Sec'tio  Anatom'icOj  Practical  Anatomy,  Necrot- 
omy. An  operation,  by  which  the  different  parts 
of  the  dead  body  are  exposed,  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  their  arrangement  and  structure.  Dis- 
section has  received  various  names,  according  to 
the  organ  concerned; — as  Osteotomy,  Syndeemo- 
tomy,  Myotomy,  Angiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Desmot- 
omy,  Ac. 

DISSECTOR,  Proeec'tor,  Pro'tomue,  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Proeecteur.  A  practical  anatomist. 
One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  anatomical 
lecture. 

DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum  na- 
rium — d.  Thoracis,  Mediastinum. 

DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSERTATION,  INAUGURAL,  Thesis. 

DISSIDENTIA,  Diastasis. 

DISSIPIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS,  Haemateclysis 
— d.  Ventrical  i,  Gastromalacia. 

DISSOLUTION,  Dieeolu'tio,  DiaVveie,  from 
dieeolvere,  (die,  and  eolvere,)  'to  loosen/ 'to  melt' 
This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the  writings  of 
the  humourists.  It  is  employed,  particularly,  in 
speaking  of  the  blood; — to  designate,  not  its  en- 
tire decomposition  or  putrefaction,  but  a  diminu- 
tion in  its  consistence. 

DISSOLUTION,  Solution. 

DISSOLVANTS,  Dissolventia. 

DISSOLVEN'TIA,  Solvents,  (F.)  Dissolvants. 
Medicines  believed  to  be  capable  of  dissolving 
swellings,  concretions,  Ac  Disoutients,  Resol- 
vents. 

DISTAD;  from  ditto,  (die,  and  eto,)  'to  stand 
apart'  Away  from  a  centre.  Towards  the  far 
extremity.  In  anatomy,  used  by  Dr.  Barclay 
adverbially,  to  signify  'towards  the  distal  aspect' 

DISTAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  of  a  bone  from 
the  trunk,  or  towards  the  extremity. — Barclay. 

DISTEMPER,  Disease. 

DISTEMPERANTIA,  Dyscrasia. 

DISTENSIO,  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus  —  d. 
Nervorum,  Convulsion. 

DISTENSION  DE  LA  VESIOULE  DU 
FIEL,  Turgescentia  vesica)  felleae. 

DISTICHI'ASIS,  Dietich'ia,  DietricVia,  Die- 
tricki'aeie,  Dietoe'chia,  Distcechi'aeie,  from  its, 
'double,'  and  tmxoe,  'a  row.'  An  increased  num- 
ber of  eyelashes ;  some  turned  towards  the  eye, 
and  irritating  the  organ ;  whilst  others  preserve 
their  natural  direction.— Galen,  Paulus  of  -figina. 
Bee  Entropion. 

DISTILLATIO  UTERI,  Leucorrhcea. 

mBTILljA'T101S,De$tiUaUio,3talag'm<»,  from 


deettOate,  (de,  and  etiUare,)  'to  drop,  little  by  lit- 
tie.'  Catastalag'mos.  An  operation,  by  which — by 
the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels— the  volatile  are 
separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies,  with  the 
view  of  collecting  the  former,  when  condensed  in 
appropriate  receivers.  The  ancients  distinguished 
distillation  per  latue,  per  aecen'evm,  and  per  de- 
seen' sum,  according  to  the  direction  which  the 
volatilized  matters  were  made  to  take.  In  die- 
tillation  per  latue,  the  apparatus  is  so  arranged, 
that  the  vapour  passes  horizontally  through  a 
succession  of  spaces  before  reaching  the  receiver. 
Distillation  per  aeceneum  is  the  ordinary  method 
by  the  still.  In  distillation  per  deeceneum,  the  fire 
is  applied  above  and  around  the  top  of  the  appa- 
ratus; and  it  is  so  arranged  that  the  vapour 
must  pass  downwards.  When  dry  organic  matter 
Is  placed  in  an  apparatus  for  distillation,  and  hest 
is  applied  until  all  volatile  matter  is  driven  out, 
the  process  is  called  dry  or  deetructive  distillation. 

Distillation,  Destructive,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Dry,  see  Distillation  —  d.  Per  Ascensum,  see 
Distillation— d.  Per  Descensum,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Per  Latue,  see  Distillation. 

DISTOC'IA,  Ditoc'ia,  from  its,  'twice,'  and 
rojrof,  '  birth.'     Delivery  of  twins. 

DISTCECHIA,  Distichiasis. 

DISTCECHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 

DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  from  itt,  and 
eroua,  'mouth.'  Faeei'ola  hepafica,  Plana' ria 
latius'cula,  Faeciola  huma'nat  F.  lanceola'ta, 
Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  Liver  Fluke,  (F.)  Douve, 
D.  du  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm,  an  inch  in 
length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad;  sometimes 
found  in  the  gall-bladder  of  man,  whence  it  oc- 
casionally passes  into  the  intestinal  canal.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  worms,  in- 
festing the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat,  ox,  stag, 
fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  hog,  hare,  Ac  The  treat- 
ment is  like  that  required  for  other  worms. 

Distoma  Oc'uli  HuMA'in.  A  parasite  once 
observed  in  the  eye  of  a  child  who  had  suffered 
from  lenticular  cataract — Geschoidt 

DISTORSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus 
— d.  Oris,  Canine  laugh. 

DISTORTION,  Dietor'eio,  Intor'eio,  from  die- 
torquere,  (die,  and  torouere,)  'to  wrest  aside.' 
Diastrem'ma,  Diae'tropkl,  Ligye'ma,  (F.)  Dietor- 
eion.  Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural  cur- 
vature of  a  bone ;  as  distortion  of  the  spine,  limbs, 
Ac.  It  signifies,  also,  a  morbid  state  of  the 
muscles  of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or  stra- 
bismus. 

DISTORTOR  ORIS,  Zygomaticus  major. 

DISTRIBUTORIA  LACTEA  THORACIOA, 
Thoracic  duct 

DISTRICHIA,  Distichiasis. 

DISTRICHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 

DISTRIX,  from  in,  'double,'  and  ty{,  'the 
hair.'  Trichioreie  dietrix,  Fieeu'ra  capillo'rum. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  slender,  and  splitting  at 
their  extremities. 

DITOCIA,  Distocia. 

DITRACHYC'ERAS,  from  in,  'two,'  rpajpij, 
'  rough,'  and  xtpas,  '  horn.'  A  genus  of  intestinal 
worms.  The  Ditrachye'erae  rudie,  Die' eras  rudi, 
(F.)  Bicorne  rude.  This  entozoon  was  first  ob- 
served in  the  evacuations  of  a  female,  by  M.  Sai- 
ler of  Strasburg.  It  is  of  a  fawn  colour,  from  3 
to  5  lines  in  length,  with  an  oval  head,  flattened 
and  terminating  in  a  point  posteriorly ;  contained 
in  a  membranous  sac,  and  furnished,  anteriorly, 
with  a  bifurcated,  rugous  horn.  Laenneo  consi- 
ders it  a  vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.    See  Worms. 

DITTANDER,  Lepidium  **tivum. 

DITTANY,  Canila  Mariana  —  d.  American, 
Cnnila  Mariana— d.  Bastard,  Dictamnus  albus  • 


DITTECOIA 


300 


DODECAPHARMACUM 


1  of  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus— d.  Mountain, 
Ounila  Mariana. 

DITTECOIA,  Doable  hearing. 

DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 

DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

DIURESI^STHE  'SIS,  2H'urefico*»f  fo'm, 
Ureamtthe'aia  ;  from  iiovpuv,  { to  pass  the  urine/ 
and  (iktQtjcis,  'feeling.'  The  desire  or  want  to 
pass  the  urine. 

DIURE'SIS,  from  ita,  « through  or  by/  and 
9vpt(*,  *  I  pass  the  urine/  An  abundant  excretion 
of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,  Diuret'iciu,  tenure?  ic,  same 
atymon ;  Uret'icu$,  Urina'lir.  A  medicine  which 
has  the  property  of  increasing  the  secretion  of 
urine.  Diuretics  act  by  producing  a  discharge 
of  the  watery  and  other  parts  of  the  blood ;  and, 
by  such  discharge,  indirectly  promote  absorption 
over  the  whole  system.  Hence,  they  are  em- 
ployed in  dropsy.  The  following  are  the  ehief 
Diuretics:  —  Cantharis;  Can th aria  Vittata;  Po- 
tass© Acetas;  Potass©  Liquor;  Cahinca;  Col- 
on ioi  Radix  j  Colchioi  Semen ;  Digitalis ;  Diosma 
Crenata;  Juniperus;  Oleum  Terebinthinss ;  Po- 
tass® Nitras;  Potass®  Bitartras;  Scilla;  Sods* 
Sales,  and  Spiritus  JStheris  Nitrioi 

DIURETICA,  Arnica  Montana. 

DIURETICO-J3STHESIS,  DiuresisBsthesis. 

DIVARICATIO,  Ectropion. 

DIVERSORIUM  CHYLI,Receptaculum  chyli. 

DIVERTICULA  SPIRITUUM  ANIMA- 
LIUM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'ulum.  'A  turn- 
ing ;'  from  divertere,  (di,  and  vertere,)  '  to  turn 
aside/  A  blind  tube  branching  out  from  the 
course  of  a  longer  one.  An  organ  which  is  capa- 
ble of  receiving  an  unusual  quantity  of  blood, 
when  the  circulation  is  obstructed  or  modified 
elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as  a  diverticulum.  Also, 
a  malformation  or  diseased  appearance  of  a  part, 
in  which  it  passes  out  of  its  regular  course.  It 
is  sometimes  applied  to  such  a  condition  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Also,  a  hole  to  get  out  at  A 
by-passage.     See  Ectrope. 

Diverticulum  Nuc'kii.  The  opening  through 
which  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  pass. — 
Parr. 

Diverticulum  Phartvgis,  Pharyngooele. 

DIVI'DING,  Div'idene,  from  di  or  dxt,  and 
the  Hetruscan  verb  iduo,  'to  part  or  portion/ 
That  which  divides  or  separates. 

Dividing  Bandage,  Fat1  da  dWidena,  (F.) 
Bandog*  diviaif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  impro- 
per union ;  as  in  cases  of  burnB  of  the  neck  or 
other  parts. 

DIVINATIO,  Mantia. 

DIVISION,  Divia'io,  Dia'reaia.  The  acciden- 
tal separation  of  parts  naturally  united ;  in  other 
words,  a  wound  or  solution  of  continuity.  Most 
frequently,  however,  it  means  an  operation,  which 
consists  in  cutting  certain  parts,  with  the  view  of 
fulfilling  some  therapeutical  indication. 

DIVUL'SIO,  Diae'paaie,  from  divelUre,  (di*, 
and  vellere,)  'to  pull  asunder/  A  term  used  in 
Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  laceration  of 
organs  by  external  violence. 

Divulbio  UmsM,  Cloudiness  of  urine. — See 
EnsBorcma. 

DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilol® 
antibUiosss. 

DTYLISIS,  Colatio. 

DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 

DIZZINESS,  Vertigo. 

DOCCIONE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
rpring  is  at  Lucca,  in  Italy.  It  is  a  thermal  saline. 


DOCH'MB,  ioxfuf  A  measure  of  the  Greek*, 
equal  to  about  four  fingers'  breadth :  Dactylo- 
doch'mi. 

DOCIMA'SIA,  Docimaa'tici,  Docima*iolog"ia9 
from  Soxtuafa  <  I  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any 
thing/    The  act  of  assaying. 

Docima'sia  Mbdicamehto'rum  it  Yxneho'- 
eum.    The  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

Docima'sia  Pulmo'hum,  J).  Pulmona'lia,  Pn+> 
obiomanti'a,  PneuobiomanWa,  Pneohioman'tiea. 
Lung  proof f  Beepiration  proof.  Different  proofs 
to  which  the  organs  of  respiration  of  a  new-born 
child  are  subjected,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 
whether  it  has  or  has  not  respired  after  birth ;  in 
other  words,  whether  it  was  born  alive  or  dead ; 
—  Pneueiobiogno'aie,  Pneuaiobioe'copi,  These 
consist,  chiefly,  1.  In  testing  them  with  water, 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the  lunge  are 
specifically  heavier  or  lighter  than  that  fluid. 
This  is  called  Docimaeia  Pulmonum  hydroatafica 
or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.  If  lighter,  it  would  be 
some  evidence  that  the  foetus  had  respired:  2. 
In  comparing  the  weight  of  the  lungs  with  that 
of  the  whole  body;  the  weight  of  lungs  in  which 
respiration  has  taken  place  being  nearly  twice  as 
great.  This  is  Docima'eia  Pulmo'num  Statfiea, 
or  Plouoquet's  Teat;  and,  3.  By  measuring  the 
circumference  of  the  thorax  and  lungs ;  and  com- 
paring their  dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant 
which  has  not  respired.  This  is  DanieVe  Teat. 
These  tests,  singly,  afford  only  probable  evi- 
dence ;  but  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be 
more  conclusive. 

DOCIMASIOLOGIA,  Doctmasia. 

DOCK,  BLOODY,  Rumex  sanguineus — A. 
Blunt-leaved,  Rumex  obtusifolius  —  d.  Cresses, 
Lapsana — d.  Sour,  Rumex  acetosa — d.  Sour,  bo- 
real, Oxyria  reniformis — d.  Water,  Rumex  bydro- 
lapathura— d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed,  Rumex  acutus. 

DOCNA  SURA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  in  the  Erapach  mountains.  The 
water  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica, 
and  iron. 

DOCTOR,  Med'icua,  from  doctna,  'learned;' 
'  un  homme  qui  devrait  ttre  docte,'  A  Pkyeiciatt. 
Frequently  applied  to  any  one  who  practises  me- 
dicine ;  although  properly  confined  to  him  who 
has  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

DOCTRINA  OALLIANA,  Craniology— d.  So- 
teria,  Mcdicina. 

DOCTRINE,  MED'ICAL,  Doctri'na  Jfed'ica* 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any  medical  sect 
or  master.  Medicine  has  been  too  full  of  doc- 
trines. One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Herodicus 
of  Selivrsoa,  who  recommended  gymnastic  exer- 
cises in  disease.  The  chief  founders  of  doctrines 
have  been  Hippocrates,  Serapion  of  Alexandria, 
Philinus  of  Cos,  Herophilus,  Apclepiadcs,  The- 
mison  of  Laodicea,  Thessalus  of  Tralles,  Soranus 
of  Ephesus,  Leonides  of  Alexandria,  A  then  sens 
of  Attalia,  Archigenes  of  Apamsea,  Agathinns  of 
Sparta,  Galenus,  Paracelsus,  John  Baptist  van 
Helmont,  Sylvius  de  le  Boe,  Keill,  Hamberger, 
Pitcairne,  H.  Boerhaave,'  J.  E.  Stahl,  Frederick 
Hoffmann,  George  Baglivi,  Cullen,  Darwin,  John 
Brown,  Beddoes,  Qirtanner,  Reil,  Rush,  Raeeri, 
and  Broussais. 

DocTRnns,  Physiological,  Broussaism. 

DODDER,  Cuscuta  glomerata— d.  American, 
Cuscuta  glomerata — d.  of  Thyme,  Cuscuta  epi- 
thymum. 

DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis. 

DODECADACTTLON,  Duodenum. 

DODECAPHAR'MACUM,  from  fefa* 
'twelve/  and  jap/tan*,  'a  medicine/  An  an- 
cient name  given  to  all  medicines  which  eon- 


DODECATHBON 


set 


DORONICUM 


•isted  of  twelve  ingredients.    See  Apostolorum 
TJnguentum. 

DODECATH'EON,  from  JmJcm,  'twelve,'  and 
rt$npt,  '  I  pat.'  An  antidote,  consisting  of  twelve 
simple  substance*. — Panlns  of  JSgina. 

Dodkoatkeoh,  Sanioala — d.  Plinii,  Pingnicola 
vulgaris. 
.  DODON<fiA,  Myrica  gale. 

Dodonjd'a  Thunbergia'na.  A  shrub  of  the 
NaL  Ord.  Sapindacese,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.  A  decoction  of  the  root  is  used 
as  a  gentle  cathartic  in  fever. 

DODRANS,  Spithama.      , 

DOGCHOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Joure  Caniculairee.  During 
these  days,  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  23d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogstar, 
Ganic'ula,  "Ztipiof,  Si'rius — a  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  dog,  which  rises 
and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  to  be  a  period  particularly  nnpro- 
pitious  to  health ;  that  it  was  dangerous  to  purge 
during  it;  and  other  phantasies  were  indulged  in 
regard  to  it 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

DOGMAT'IC,  from  the  Greek  foypd,  from 
ioKtm,  '  I  think/  Dogmat'icue.  The  name  of  an 
ancient  medical  sect;  so  called,  because  its  mem- 
bers endeavoured,  by  reasoning,  to  discover  the 
essence  of  diseases  and  their  occult  causes;  whilst 
the  Empiric*,  their  rivals,  confined  themselves 
strictly  to  experience ;  i  e.,  to  the  observation 
of  facts.  The  union  of  the  two  modes  of  inves- 
tigation makes  the  rational  physician.  These 
sectarians  are  likewise  called  Dog'matieie,  and 
their  doctrine  Dog'maiiem.  The  founders  of  the 
sect  were  Hippocrates,  Thessalus,  Draco,  and 
Polybius ;  and  the  most  celebrated  of  its  support- 
ers were  Diodes  of  Carysta,  Praxagoras  of  Cos, 
Chrysippus  of  Soli,  Herophilus,  Erasistratus,  Ac. 

DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsoamifolium — 
d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  androssBmifolium. 

DOGS'  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  masoula. 

DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 

DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 

DOGWOOD,  Cornus  Florida— d.  Blueberried, 
Cornus  sericea — d.  Female,  Cornus  sericea — d. 
Florid,  Cornus  Florida— d.  Great  flowered,  Cornus 
Florida— d.  Jamaica,  Piscidia  erythrina— d.  New 
England,  Cornus  sericea — d.  Pond,  Cephalanthus 
occidentals — d.  Silky-leaved,  Cornus  sericea— 
d.  Virginian,  male,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Round- 
leaved,  Cornus  eircinata — d.  Swamp,  Cornus  se- 
ricea, Ptelea  trifoliata. 

DOIOT,  Digitus  —  d.  Aurieulaire,  Auricular 
finger— d.  Milieu,  see  Digitus— d.  Petit,  see  Di- 
gitus. 

DOTQTIER,  Digitale,  Digitalis  —  d.  cTAedru- 
halt,  see  Digitale. 

DOLABRA,  Ascia,  Doloire. 

DOLICHOCEPH'ALJB  (GENTES);  from  i- 
X<%os,  'long,'  and  KUfokti,  'head.'  Longheads. 
Nations  of  men  whose  cerebral  lobes  completely 
cover  the  cerebellum  —  as  the  Kelts,  Germans, 
negroes,  Ac. — Retains. 

DOL'ICHOS,  from  foXigo*  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family.  It  includes 
a  number  of  species,  generally  indigenous  in 
India  or  America.  The  Dol'iehoe  Lablab,  or 
Lablab,  is  found  in  Egypt  (Prospero  AlpinL) 
Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like  the  haricot  with  us. 
The  Dol'iehoe  Sinen'eie,  is  eaten  in  China,  and  is 
stored  up  as  a  provision  for  long  voyages.  The 
DoTichoe  Tuber o'eue,  (F.)  Poi*  Patate  of  Mar- 


tinique, has  tuberous  roots  of  the  sise  of  both 

fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and  taste  of  thfi 
turnip.  The  Dol'iehoe  Bulbo'iu*  of  the  West  In- 
dies resembles  the  turnip; — and  from  the  Dol'i- 
ehoe Soja,  the  Japanese  prepare  the  well-known 
sauce  Soy,  which  they  term  Sooja.  Tho  most 
important  in  medicine,  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'rikns,  Dol'iehoe,  Stizolo'biu*, 
Mucu'na  pru'riene,  Negre'tia  pru'riene,  Corkage, 
Coutitch,  Adearia  Pala.  Order,  Leguminosas. 
(F.)  Poie  d  gratter.  The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Doli- 
ehoe  Pode,  called  Dolichoe  Pubee,  D.  Prurien'tie 
pubee,  Dolichi  Setm  Legu'minum,  Lanu'go  SiFi- 
qua  hireu'Ut,  Mucu'na,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable, 
prurient  sensation  when  applied  to  the  skin ;  but 
do  not  irritate, the  mucous  membrane  over  which 
they  pass,  when  administered  internally.  Tho 
Dolichos  is  a  mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is 
useful  in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and 
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  x,  of  tho 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

Mucu'na  pruri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the  East 
Indies. 

DOLOIRB  (F.),  Atcta,  Dol'abra,  'a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandage  en  doloire  is  one  in  which 
the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one  covers  two- 
thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately  beneath  it 
It  has  received  the  name  Doloire  from  its  repre- 
senting the  obliquity  of  the  edge  of  the  instrument 
whose  name  it  bears.    See  Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain— d.  Ani,  Proctalgia— d.  Capitis, 
Cephalalgia — d.  Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia — d.  Co- 
Uous,  Colic— d.  Crucians  faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia— d.  Dentium  k  stridore, 
Hamodia— d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial— d.  Isohi- 
adicus  nervosus,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea — d. 
Lenis,  Hypodynia— d.  Mitis,  Hypodynia— d.  Nc- 
phreticus,  Nephralgia— d.  Pectoris  extern  us,  Pleu- 
rodynia--d\  Pudendorum,  Pudendagra— d.  Rheu- 
maticus  et  arthriticus,  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD  PARTUM,  Pains,  labour— d. 
Intestinorum,  Colic  —  d.  Parturientis,  Pains,  la- 
bour— d.  Post  partum,  Pains,  after — d.  Puerpera- 
rum,  Pains,  after— d.  Rodentes,  Pains,  gnawing. 

DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Arauca'ria  Dom- 
beg'i.  A  tree,  which  inhabits  Chili,  and  furnishes 
Dombeva  turpentine;  a  glutinous,  milky-looking 
fluid  of  a  strong  odour  and  taste. 

DOMES'TIC,  Domee'ticue,  from  donue,  'a 
house.'  The  term  Domeetie  or  Pop'ulat  Med'U 
eine,  has  been  given  to  treatises  written  for  tho 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the  pro- 
fession to  treat  diseases,  which  may  occur  in  their 
families,  without  the  necessity  of  calling  in  a 
physician.  The  term,  likewise,  signifies — Medi- 
cine, when  thus  practised.  It  is  probable,  that 
such  works  have  been  attended  with  mischievous 
as  well  as  advantageous  results. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  described 
by  Myrep8us,  which  he  considered  emmenagogue. 

DOMPTE-VENIN,  Asclepias  vineetoxicum. 

DOMUS  LEPROSARIA,  Ladrerie. 

DONDO,  Albino. 

DONESIS,  Agitation. 

DORADILLA,  Asplenium  oeteraoh. 

DORCADIZON,  Caprisans. 

DOREA,  Hemeralops. 

DOREMA  AMMONIACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 

DORMITATIO,  Somnolency. 

DORMITIO,  Sleep— d.  Lucumoriana,  see  Lu- 
cumorianus. 

DOR 0 NIC,  Doronicum  pardalianches— a\ 
dPAUemagne,  Arnica  montana. 

DORONICUM  ARNICA,  Arnioa  montana-nt 


t 


DORSAD 


303  LOUCHE 


Cordatnm,  D.  Pardalianches —  d.  Germanicum, 
Arnica  m  on  tana— <L  Officinale,  D.  Pardalianches 
— d.  Oppositifolium,  Arnica  montana. 

Doron'icuv  Pardaliah'ches,  D.  Roma'num 
•ea  Corda'tum  sea  Officinale,  Roman  Leop'ard's 
Bane,  (F.)  Doronic,  Mort  aux  Panthiret.  The 
root  of  this  plant  resembles  Arnica  Montana  in 
its  properties. 

DORONICUM  ROMANUM,D.  Pardalianches. 

DORSAD,  see  Dorsal  Aspect. 

DORSAL,  Dorta'lit,  from  dortum,  'the  back.' 
Notia'ut,  Notal,  Tergal.  Relating  to  the  back 
of  the  body,  or  of  one  of  its  parts ;  as  the  Dortal 
vertebral,  nerve*,  Ac. ;  Dortal  artery  of  the  tongue, 
pent*,  Ac. ;  Dortal  region  of  the  foot,  hand,  Ac. ; 
Dortal  Consumption,  Ac. 

Dorsal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  dor- 
eum  or  backbone. — Barclay.  Dor  tad  is  used  by 
the  flame  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  'towards 
the  dorsal  aspect' 

DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsL 

DORSALIS,  Dorsal. 

Dorsa'lis  Penis,  (Nervus.)  The  branch  of 
the  internal  pudio  nerve,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  male  organ;  and  to  the 
clitoris  of  the  female. 

DORSO-COSTAL,  Serratus  posticus  superior 
— d.  Lombo-cottal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — d. 
Lombo-tacro-humc'ral,  Latissimus  dorsi— d.  Sut- 
aeromien,  Trapezius  —  d.  Trachilon  -  occipital, 
Oomplexus. 

DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS,  Caa-apla, 

Dorstenia  Contrayer'va,  called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten;  Contrayer'va,  Drake' na,  Oype'rttt  Ion- 
gut,  o'dorus  seu  Perua'nut,  Bezoar'dica  Radix, 
Dortte'^ia  Houtto'nii,  Lisbon  Contrayer'va,  (P.) 
Racint.  de  Charcit,  R.  de  Dracke,  Racine  dee 
Philippine:  Family,  Urticea.  Sex.  Sytt.  Te- 
trandria  Monogynia.  A  plant  of  South  America, 
whose  root,  Contrayer'va  ?Ph.  U.  8.),  is  aromatic, 
bitter,  and  astringent  It  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic,  stimulant  and  sudorific  Dose,  gr.  xij 
togss. 

DoRSTEiriA  Corditolia,  D.  Brasiliensis  —  d. 
Placentoides,  D.  Brasiliensis— <L  Vitella,  D.  Bra. 
siliensis. 

DORSUM,  Notot,  Noton.  The  back.  Metaph'- 
renon,  Tergum,  (F.)  Dot.  The  posterior  part  of 
the  trunk,  extending  from  the  inferior  and  poste- 
rior region  of  the  neck  as  far  as  the  loins.  The 
back  of  the  foot,  Dortum  pedit,  is  the  upper  part 
of  that  organ,  opposite  the  sole :  the  back  of  the 
hand,  Dortum  manut,  the  part  opposed  to  the 
palm.  In  the  same  sense,  we  say  Dortum  penit, 
Dortum  nasi,  for  the  upper  part  of  those  organs. 

Dorsum,  Vertebral  column  —  d.  Mantis,  Opis- 
thenar. 

DORYCIMUM,  Costus  eretiens. 

DOS,  Dorsum. 

DOSE,  Dotit,  PrtB'bium.  The  quantity  of  any 
substance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  a  desired  effect  Many  circumstances 
influence  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women  require 
smaller  doses,  as  a  general  principle,  than  men. 
Habit  has  a  great  effect,  as  well  as  climate,  age,  and 
idiosyncrasy :  all  these,  and  other  circumstances, 
must  be  taken  into  account;  and  every  general 
rule  on  the  subject  will  be  found  to  have  numer- 
ous exceptions.  Some  of  the  mechanical  physi- 
cians laid  it  down  as  a  rule,  that  the  doses  of 
medicines  must  always  be  as  the  tquare  of  the 
wnttitution  / — A  matter  not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approxi- 
mation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age)  of 
most  substances 


Table  of  Boobs  Accossnro  to  Asa. 


Age  94 

18 
14 
7 
4 
3 
S 
1 


Let  the  full  dose  be 
will  require 


1 

23da. 

half. 

l-3d. 

l-4th. 

l-6th. 

18th. 

112th. 


1  drachm. 

&  scruples. 

i  drachm. 

1  scruple. 
15  grains. 
10  grains. 

8  grains. 

5  grains. 


The  table  of  doses,  according  to  age,  recommen- 
ded by  Dr.  Thomas  Young,  differs  in  some  respects 
from  the  above.  Either  affords  a  sufficient  gene- 
ral approximation.    His  rule  is,  that 

For  children,  under  twelve  yeart  of  age,  the 
dotes  of  most  medicine*  mutt  be  diminished  in 
the  proportion  of  the  age  to  the  age  increased  by 
twelve : 


2+12 


Thus,  at  two  years,  to  I-7th ;  i.  e.,  l-7th  — 

At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  is  given. 

Doses,  Broken.  When  an  agent  is  given  in 
small  portions  it  is  said  to  be  in  broken  dote*,— 
refractit  dosibus. 

DOSIOLOGIA,  Posology. 

DOSIS,  Dose. 

DOSSIL,  Bourdonnet,  ' 

DOTAGE,  Dementia.  ' 

DOTHIEN,  Furunculus. 

DOTHIENENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHIENENTJSRIE,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHINENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHIENTERI'TIS,  properly  Dothienenteri'- 
tis,  Dothienenter'ia,  Dothinenter'ia,  Enteri'tit  pu*- 
tulo'ta,  Entcrodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tit,  Follic- 
ular Gattroenteri'tit,  from  &o$tnv,  'a  pustule/ 
and  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  (F.)  Dothinenterite,  Do- 
thinentSrie,DothiSnent£rie,Dothi(tientirite.  An  in- 
flammation and  ulceration  of  the  glands  or  folli- 
cles of  Peyer  and  Brunner,  which  Bretonneau 
considers  to  be  the  essence  of  a  large  class  of 
fevers,  particularly  of  those  of  the  typhoid  cha- 
racter.    See  Typhus. 

DOTHION,  Furunculus. 

DOTTRINA  MEDICA  IT  A  LIANA,  Contro- 
stimulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS,  see  Conscious- 
ness, double. 

DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'ia,  Dittecx/ia, 
Paracu'tit  duplica'ta,  P.  Imperfecta.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  one  ear  unaccordant  with  that  of 
the  other :  sounds  heard  doubly,  and  in  different 
tones  or  keys. 

DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see  Duplication. 

DOUCE  A3  fit  RE,  Solan  um  duloamara. 

DOUCHE,  (F.)  In  Italian,  doccia;  modern 
Latin,  ducia;  Cataclyt'mu*,  Douse.  This  term 
is  applied  to  a  column  of  fluid,  of  a  determi- 
nate nature  and  temperature,  let  fall  upon 
the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the  Douche. 
In  using  this  kind  of  bath,  the  fluid  is  directed 
upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  desirous  of  acting. 
The  douche*  descendants  are  those  in  which  the 
fluid  falls  from  a  height, — the  douche*  ascendan- 
tet,  those  administered  in  diseases  of  the  uterus, 
— the  douches  horizontals*,  where  the  fluid  is  im- 
pelled horizontally,  Ac  They  may  be  cold  or 
team,  according  to  circumstances.  The  appa- 
ratus consists  of  a  reservoir  of  water  having  a 
pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  whieh  the  water  can  be 
directed  as  the  practitioner  may  desire.  The 
Douche  communicates  a  considerable  and  peculiar 
shock  to  the  nervous  system ;  and  is  one  of  tba 
most  successful  means  for  taming  the  ftuiosjsj 


DOULEUB 


8*3 


DRIBUBG 


It  is,  also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
stiff  joints,  Ac. 

Douche  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  oases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube  by 
mucus.  They  are  sent  from  an  air-press — of 
which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  invented  one 
each — through  a  catheter  introduced  through  the 
nose  into  the  tube. 

DOVLEUR,  Pain— d.  de  Cdtt,  Pleurodynia— 
d.  des  Dent;  Odontalgia — d.de  VEetomac,  Cardial - 
gia — d.  Nivralgique  de  VEetomac,  Cardialgia — d, 
Puleative,  see  Throbbing. 

DOULEURS,  Pains,  labour— 4.  Conqua-ante; 
see  Conquaeeant. 

DOUSE,  Douche, 

DOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum  —  d.  du  Foie, 
Distoma  hepaticum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus  flam- 
mula. 

DRACHION,  Pugillus. 

ORACHM,  Drachma,  Dram,  (F.)  Groe,  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  weighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight 

DRACO  MITIGATUS,  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRACOCEPH'ALUM  CANARIEN'Sfi, 
D.Moldav'icnm,  Melie'ea  Turcica,  Cedrcnel'la 
triphyl'la,  Meli$'$a  Oanarieneie,  Alpi'ni  BaVia- 
awm,  Turkey  Baleam,  Gana'ry  Baleam,  Balm  of 
QU'ead  Tree,  (F.)  MUUee  de  Moldavxe.  A  Turkish 
and  Siberian  plant,  which  has  an  aromatic  taste, 
joined  with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It  has  been 
used  as  a  tonic. 

DRACONTHiBMA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also,  Dra- 
eontium  fmtidum. 

Dracox'tium  F<e'tidum,  Dracon'tium,  Icto'dee 
fce'Hdue,  Symplocar'pue  fce'tida,  Pothoe  fce'tida, 
Arum  America'num  beta  fo'lio,  Pothoe  Pjuto'rii, 
Spathye* ma  fce'tida,  Skunk-cabbage,  Skunk-weed, 
Poleeat-cvllard,  Cow-collard,  CoUard,  Itch-weed, 
Stink-poke,  Swamp-cabbage,  Pole' cat-weed,  Hel- 
lebore, El'lebore,  frith  cabbage,  Nat,  Ord.  Aroi- 
dece.  Sex.  Syet,  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  This 
indigenous  plant,  as  some  of  its  names  import,  is 
extremely  fetid.  The  property  on  which  its  mo- 
dical  virtues  are  dependent,  resides  in  a  volatile 
principle,  which  is  impaired  by  long  keeping, 
especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of  the  dried  root, 
Draeontium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  ten  to  twenty  grains.  It 
resembles  asafoetida  and  other  fetid  gums  in  its 
properties ;  in  other  words,  belongs  to  the  class 
of  reputed  antispasmodics. 

Dbacontium  Angustis/patha,  Symplocar'pu* 
AngwtWpatha,  Narrow-epathed  Skunk-cabbage, 
ie  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

DRACUN'CULUS,  Dracon'tium,  Vena  Medi'- 
na  Ar'abum,  Vena  seu  Gor'diue  Medinen'eie,  Ver- 
utie'ulue  Capilla'rie,  Dracun'culue  Gordiue,  Fila'- 
ria  Medinenreie  seu  Guineen'eie,  Malie  Dracun'- 
eulue,  Malie  Gor'dii,  Helminthon'cu*  Medinenrie, 
Muscular  Hairworm,  Biehiot,  Bicho,  Guinea 
Worm  or  Threadworm,  (V.)  Dragonneau,  Ver  de 
Ouinie,  Ver  Filaire,  V.  de  MSdine,  V,  cutant, 
Veine  de  Midine.  A  genus  of  worms,  frequently 
met  with  in  Indian  and  African  climes.  They 
are  characterised  by  a  filiform  body,  and  are 
smooth  and  nearly  of  equal  thickness  throughout. 
The  Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates  itself 
through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  penetrates  into 
the  areolar  membrane  and  between  the  muscles; 
especially  between  those  of  the  lower  limbs,  where 
it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil,  which  subse- 
quently suppurates,  and  the  head  of  the  worm 
appears  and  emerges  gradually.  The  head  must 
than  be  seized,  and  the  worm  be  cautiously  rolled 
round  a  small  cylinder  of  linen  or  other  sub- 
atance.    Care  must  be  taken  sot  to  break  it,  at 


great  pain  and  obstinate  suppuration  mlghi  be 
the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject 
Some  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

DitActrifcuLus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracuncu- 
lus — d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRAGJSES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar ;  Sugar-plume. 

DRAGiES  DE  KEYSER.  A  pharmaceuti- 
cal preparation,  formerly  much  celebrated  in 
syphilis.  It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  etarch,  mucilage  and  gum  tragacantJu 

DRAGMA,  Pugillus. 

DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

DBA  0  ON  ( F.),  Dragon,  Some  authors  have 
given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea, 
and  to  cataract 

Dragon  Claw,  Scaly,  Pterospora  andromedea 
— d.  Root,  Arum  triphyllum,  Pterospora  andro- 
medea—d.  Turnip,  Arum  triphyllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRAGONNEAU,  Dracunculus. 

DRAINING,  Deeicca'tio,  (F.)  Deuichement. 
The  act  of  drawing  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  unhealthy  ema- 
nations which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a  well 
known  faot,  that  from  marshes  arise  certain  ema- 
nations or  miasmata,  with  the  nature  of  which 
we  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted,  but  which 
are  the  fertile  source  of  intermittents  and  other 
diseases.  Draining  the  soil  and  converting  it 
into  arable  land  changes  its  character,  and  the 
malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has  happened, 
however,  that  although  in  some  such  situations 
intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of,  consumptions 
have  taken  their  place. 

DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral 
waters  of. 

DRAKENA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

DRAPE  A  U,  (F.)  Vexil'lum,  from  drop,  <  cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  Ac,  of  the  nose,  to 
keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
small  triangular  compress,  having  two  openings 
at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  bandage, 
passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the  head, 
and  another  passing  round  the  head,  under  the 
orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the  nape  of  the 
neck.    Also,  Pterygion. 

DRAP  FANON,  see  Fanon, 

DRASTIC,  Drae'ticue,  Cenot'ic,  from  Ipau,  'I 
operate  strongly/  Active.  An  epithet  given  to 
purgatives,  which  operate  powerfully;  as  elate- 
rium,  oil  of  eroton,  Ac. 

DRAUGHT,  Hauetue,  A  term  also  applied 
by  nurses  to  the  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  the 
mamma,  occasioned  in  the  mother  by  the  sight, 
or  even  thought,  of  her  infant,  and  which  occa- 
sions a  greatly  increased  secretion  of  milk. 

Draught,  Black,  see  Infusum  senna?  compo- 
Bitum. 

DRAX,  Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d.  Waking,Halluoination. 

DRltCHE,  Malt 

DREGS,  Feculence. 

DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 

DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  drteeer,  'to  put  right' 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  office  it  is  to  dress 
wounds,  ulcers,  Ac.  He  corresponds  in  function 
to  the  Mllvc  extern*  of  the  French  hospitals. 

DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio,  (F.)  Paneement. 
The  methodical  application  of  any  remedy  or  ap- 
paratus to  a  diseased  part  Also,  the  remedy  or 
apparatus  itself. 

DRIBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    At 


BBIMYPHAGIA 


DUALITY 


the  small  Jown  of  Driburg*  near  Pyrmont,  in 
Germany,  there  are  nine  springs,  whioh  are  rich 
in  saline  ingredients,  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 
Their  action  on  the  economy  is  liko  that  of  Pyr- 
mont  water.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 
DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  tyipvs,  'acrid/  'aro- 
matic,' and  $ayu>t '  I  eat'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet 
DRIMYS  WINTERI,  Wintera  aromatica, 
DRINK,  from  Sax.  bjiencxn,Poma,Po'tio,Potus, 
Beverage,  (F.)  Boi—on.  Every  liquid  introduced 
into  the  alimentary  canal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body. 
The  necessity  for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sen- 
sation of  thirst  Fluid,  taken  during  a  meal,  aids 
in  the  digestion  of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are 
exciting  and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of 
beer,  wine,  and  spirits,  which  we  nse  at  table. 
In  a  therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used 
to  appease  the  thirst  whioh  prevails  in  febrile 
affections,  or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 


The  ordinary  drinks,  according  to  their  chemi- 
cal composition,  are  —  1.  Water,  spring  water, 
river  water,  well  water,  Ac. — 2.  Juice*  and  infu- 
sions of  Animal  and  Vegetable  substances,  lemon 
juice,  currant  juice,  whey,  tea,  coffee,  mattee,  Ac. 
— 3.  Fermented  Liquors,  wines,  ale,  beer,  cider, 
perry. — 4.  Spirituous  Liquor;  brandy,  alcohol, 
ether,  kirsohwasser,  rum,  arack,  gin,  whiskey, 
ratafias,  cordials,  Ac. 

DRIVELLING,  Slavering. 

DROGUE,  Drug. 

DBOGUIER,  (F.)  Same  etymon  as  drug. 
A  collection  of  different  simple  medicinal  sub- 
stances. 

DROGUISTE,  Druggist 

DROIT  DE  V ABDOMEN,  Rectus  abdominis 
— d.  AnUrieur  de  la  cuisse,  Rectus  femoris — d. 
AntSrieur  de  la  tite,  Rectus  capitis  in  tern  us  minor 
d.  AnUrieur  de  la  tite,  grand,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
tern ub  major — d.  Externe  de  rani,  Rectus  extor- 
nus  oculi  —  d.  Infirieur  deVanl,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — d.  Interne  de  la  cuisse,  Gracilis — <L  Interne 
de  rail,  Rectus  internus  oculi — d.  Latiral  de  la 
tite,  Rectus  capitis  lateralis — d.  Postirieur  de  la 
tite,  grand,  Rectus  capitis  posticus  major — d. 
Postirieur  de  la  tite,  petit,  Rectus  capitis  posticus 
minor — d.  SupSrieur,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

DROP,  Gutta. 

Drop,  Ague,  tasteless,  Liquor  arsenicalis — 
d.  Black,  Gutta  nigra— d.  Red,  Ward's,  see  Vinum 
antimonii  tartarixati — d.  Serene,  Amaurosis. 

DROPACISMUS,  Depilation. 

DROPAX,  Depilatory. 

DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 

DROPS,  ABBti  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau — <L  Anodyne,  Liquor  morphi- 
nes acetatis— d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's,  see  In- 
fusum  gentians*  oompositum — d.  An ti- venereal, 
see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — d.  Chamomile,  see 
Anthemis  nobilis — d.  Dutch,  Balsam  of  sulphur, 
Balsam  of  Turpentine— <L  Fit,  Spiritns  ammonia 
foetidus,  see  Fuligo— d.  Golden,  de  la  Motto's, 
Tinctura  sen  alcohol  sulfurioo-athereus  ferri — d. 
Green's,  see  Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — d. 
Jesuit's,  Tinctura  bensoini  composite — d.  Laven- 
der, Spiritns  Lavandula  composites  —  d.  Nitre, 
Bpiritus  atheris  nitriei — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimo- 
nium  tartarisatum— -d.  Norton's,  Liquor  Hydrar- 
gyri Oxymuriatis— d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops, 
Bateman's — d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  months, 
piperita — d.  Soot,  Bee  Fuligo — d.  Wade's,  Tinc- 
tura bensoini  composita — d.  White,  Ward's,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras. 


Drops,  Warburg's.  A  secret  preparation  VMd 
in  Demarara  under  the  name  of  Warburg* 9  Fever 
Drove,    See  Bebeern. 

DROPSICAL,  Hydropious. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— <L  of  the  Belly,  Ascites— 
d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus — d.  of  the  Cellu- 
lar Membrane,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Chest,  Hy- 
drothorax — d.  of  the  Eye,  Hy  anophthalmia. 

Dropsy,  Fibrinous.  Dropsy  in  which  the 
effused  fluid  contains  fibrin. 

Dropst,  General,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Head, 
Hydrocephalus — d.  of  the  Lachrymal  Sac,  Fistula 
laohrymalis,  Lachrymal  hernia  —  d.  of  the  Peri* 
cardium,  Hydropericardium  —  d.  of  the  Perito- 
neum, Ascites  —  d.  of  the  Plenra,  Hydrothorax 
—  d.  Water  of,  Serum  of  Serous  membranes — d. 
Wind,  Emphysema  —  d.  of  the  Womb,  Hydro* 
metra. 

DROPWORT,  Spiraa  filipendnla— d.  Hem- 
lock, (Enanthe— d.  Water,  Hemlock,  GSnants*>~~ 
oL  Western,  Gillenia  trifoliate. 

DROS'ERA  ROTUNDIFO'LIA.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Sundew,  Roe  eolie,  Drosio- 
bot'anon,  Dro'sium,  Borel'la,  (F.)  Bossolis.  This 
plant  has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy 
warts  and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded  01 
a  pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia, 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolia, 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DRUG,  Medicamen'tum,  (¥.)  Drogue.  A  name 
ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines,  but  by 
extension,  to  every  substance  employed  in  the 
cure  of  disease.  Manage  derives  it  from  droga, 
and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;'  because 
many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is,  doubt- 
less, from  the  Teutonic  trocken,  Sax.  origan,  *  to 


*£ 


rug.  To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs. 
Most  commonly,  perhaps,  to  dose  to  excess  with 
drugs. 

Drug  Disease.  A  morbid  condition,  which 
is — or  is  presumed  to  be — caused  or  kept  up  by 
the  administration  of  drugs. 

Drug-grinder,  see  Pulverization  —  d.  Mill, 
see  Pulverisation. 

DRUGGIST,  Drugger,  Drugster.  Same  ety- 
mon. Pharmacopo'la,  MaterialWta,  Sepfasiaf- 
rius,  Pharmacopa'us,  (F.)  Droguiste.  One  who 
sells  drugs. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

DRUM-SIEVE,  see  Cribration. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRYING,  Desicea'tion,  Sicca* Ho,  Xeran'sis, 
Auan'sis,  Deeicca'tio,  Exsicca'tio  /  same  etymon 
as  Drug.  Evaporation  or  removal  of  the  super- 
fluous humidity  in  a  body. 

Drying  of  Plants,  Deeicea'tion  of  Plants. 
Those  which  are  very  succulent  should  be  dried 
quickly.  They  must  be  spread  upon  lattice  work* 
covered  from  the  light,  and  exposed  to  the  boat 
of  the  sun  or  to  that  of  a  stove,  not  exceeding 
110°  Fahrenheit.  The  drying  of  less  succulent 
plants  can  bo  effected  at  a  lower  temperature. 
Flowers  must  be  dried  very  carefully,  excluding 
light.  Seeds  are  dried  in  a  place  where  there 
is  a  free  current  of  air.  Pulpy  fruite  may  bo 
exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in  a  stove,  which  may 
be  gradually  elevated.  Boots  may  also  bo  dried 
in  the  stove :  the  tuberous  require  to  be  cut  in 
slices. 

DTHOEE,  Frambasia. 

DUALITY,  DuaVitas,  from  duo,  'two.'  Tho 
state  or  quality  of  being  two. 

Duality  of  the  Mind,  or  Bract.  As  tho 
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres,  they  havo 
been  regarded  by  some  as  separately  and  din- 


DTJCKFOOT 


805 


DWARFISHNES8 


tinctly  concerned  in  the  mental  and  moral  mani- 
festations. 

DUCKFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

DUCKSFOOT,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary, 
Thoracic  duct — d.  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube — 
<L  Nasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  of  Pecquet,  Tho- 
racic duct — d.  Vitelline,  see  Vesieula  umbilicalis 
— d.  of  Winning,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTIO  PR^JPUTII,  Masturbation. 

DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget— d. 
Urinao,  Ureter. 

DUCTUS,  Canal,  Meatus— d.  Arteriosus,  Arte- 
rial duct — d.  Auris  palatinus,  Eustachian  tube. 

Ductus  Bartholinia'nus,  Bartholin's 
Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Bartholin.  The  excretory 
duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes 
—  £>  Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii  —  d.  Botalli,  Arterial 
duct  —  d.  Choledochus,  Choledoch  duct  —  d. 
Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct  —  d.  Cibarius,  Canal, 
alimentary  —  d.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d. 
Hepatious,  Hepatic  duct — d.  Incisivus,  Palatine 
duct  (anterior) — d.  Intestinalis,  Canal,  alimen- 
tary— d.  Lacteua,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Lachryma- 
lis,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  Lacrumalis,  Lachrymal 
duct — d.  Nasalis  orbitee,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct 
— d.  Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — 
<L  ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct — d.  Nu- 
tritii,  Canals,  nutritive — <L  Omphalo  xnesenteri- 
cus,  see  Vesieula  umbicalis— d.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas — d.  Pecqueti,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Pune- 
torum  lachrymalium,  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Rivi- 
niaai,  see  Sublingual  gland— d.  Rorifer,  Thoracic 
duct 

Ductus  Salty a'lis  Infe'rior,  Duchte  Whar- 
tonia'nus,  (F.)  Canal  de  Warthox.  The  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'us  Supe'rior,  Ductue  Steno- 
nia'nus,  Steno's  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Stenon. 
The  excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  which 
opens  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper 
molar  tooth. 

Ductus  Sewi-Circulares  Labyrinthi,  Scmi- 
eircular  canals — d.  Serosi,  Lymphatic  vessels — d. 
Spirales  cochlear  Seal ee  of  the  cochlea — d.  Ste- 
nonianus,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  d.  Thora- 
eicus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Urinss,  Ureter — d.  Uri- 
narius,  Urethra— d.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous 
tubes  —  d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubao  Fallopianae  —  d. 
Venosus,  Canal,  venous  —  d.  Vitellarius,  see  Ve- 
sieula umbilicalis — d.  Vitello-intestinalis,  see  Ve- 
sieula umbilicalis  —  d.  Waltheriani,  see  Sublin- 
gual gland — d.  Whartonianus,  Ductus  salivalis 
inferior. 

DUELECH,  Dulech. 

DUEL' LA.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
which  was  equivalent  to  eight  scruples. 

DUELLUM  VENEREUM,  Coition. 

DUO,  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara— d.  Flex- 
uosa,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMORIS,  Clitoris. 

DULECH,  Due' lech.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  and  Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  pre- 
tended tartarized  substance,  which  forms  in  the 
human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain,  accompa- 
nied with  great  danger. 

DULSE,  Rhodomela palmate — d.  Pepper,  Lau- 
ren tia  pinnatifida. 

DUMBNESS,  Mutitas. 

DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotland,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cal- 
cium, and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNG,  Fimus— d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vaccss— d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris  —  d.  Stone-horse,  Fimus 
•quinus. 
20 


DUNOA,  Dengue. 

DUODENI'TIS,  Dodeeadaetyli'ti:  A  hybrid 
term,  from  duodenum,  and  fits,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  duodenum,  charac- 
terized by  white  tongue,  bitter  taste,  anorexia, 
fulness  and  tenderness  in  the  region  of  the  duo- 
denum, and  often  yellowness  of  skin,  along  with 
the  ordinary  signs  of  febrile  irritation. 

DUODE'NUM,  Ventrie'ulut  Succenturia'Htt, 
Ec'phyeie  seu  Appen'dix  seu  Procee'eue  Ventric'- 
uli,  Portona'rium,  Dodecadac'tylon,  (from  tuticra, 
'twelve,'  and  SaxTvXos,  'a  finger.)  The  duode- 
num is  the  first  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  com. 
mencing  at  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach,  and 
terminating  in  the  jejunum.  Its  length  is  about 
twelve  fingers'  breadth,  and  as  it  is  only  partially 
covered  by  the  peritoneum,  it  is  susceptible  of 
considerable  dilatation;  hence  its  name  Ventri- 
culm  tuccenturiatut.  In  the  duodenum,  ehyliji- 
cation  takes  place  after  the  admixture  of  the 
biliary  and  pancreatic  fluids  with  the  chyme. 

DUO-STERNAL.  Blclard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICATION,  (duo,  'two,'  and  pli  care,  'to 
fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Duplic"itae,  Diplatiat'mu; 
Diplo'rie.  A  species  of  malformation  or  mon- 
strosity, characterised  by  the  parts  concernod 
being  doubled.    Double  monster*. — Meckel. 

Duplication  of  the  Fcbtub,  Evolution,  spon- 
taneous. 

DU'PLICATURE,  Duplicatu'ra,  Reflec'tu.n, 
from  duplex,  '  double,' '  twofold.'  The  folding  or 
reflection  of  a  membrane  upon  itself;  as  Dupli- 
cative or  reflection  of  the  pleura,  peritoneum,  Ac 

DUPON'DIUM.  A  weight  of  four  drachma. 
— Galen. 

DUB,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Cratea  meninx,  Dura  meninx, 
Scleromc'ninx,  Meninx  exte'rior,  3/eninx  sclera, 
M,  pachei'a  of  Galen,  Dura  membra'na  cer'ebrutn 
am'biene,  Cuticula'ri*  membra'na,  31.  dermato'des, 
Mtninge,  (Ch.)  It  has  been  called  dura,  because 
of  its  great  resistance ;  and  mater,  because  it  was 
believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane  of  the 
body.  (F.)  Dure  mire,  Dure-taye  (Par6.)  It  is 
a  fibrous  semitransparent  membrane,  of  a  pearly- 
white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting;  lines  the 
cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains  the  spinal 
marrow;  protects  the  brain  and  marrow;  and, 
by  its  various  expansions — the  falx  cerebri,  ten- 
torium, Ac, — supports  the  different  parts  of  the 
cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery  of  the  dura> 
mater  is  the  A.  meninges' a  me'dia. 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium  —  d.  m.  Testis,  Albuginea. 

DURATION  OF  LIFE,  see  Life— d.  of  Preg- 
nancy, see  Pregnancy. 

DURE  M^ RE,  Dura  mater. 

DURE  TA  YE,  Dura  mater. 

DUR&E  DE  LA  VTE,  see  Longevity. 

DURETi  D  OREILLE,  Baryecoia-  4.  cU 
VOuie,  Deafness. 

DURILLON,  Callosity. 

DURUS,  Hard. 

DUSTING  BAG.  In  pharmacy,  a  kind  of 
sieve,  which  consists  of  a  bag  made  of  lawn  or 
other  like  material,  hung  inside  of  a  wide-mouthed 
bottle  or  tin  canister,  to  the  mouth  of  which  it  is 
secured.  The  powdered  substance  is  put  into 
the  bag,  and  the  mouth  being  closed  with  a  cover, 
the  apparatus  is  shaken,  and  the  finer  particles 
pass  into  the  bottle  or  canister. 

DUTROA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DWARF,  Nanus  — d.  Flag,  Iris  laouatrR 

DWARFISH,  see  Nanus. 

DWARFISHNESS,  Nanosomus. 


DYCTOIDES 


SO* 


DYSENTERIC 


DYCTOIDES,  Reticular. 

DYERS'  BROOM,  Genista  tinctoria— d.  Weed, 
Genista  tinctoria,  Reseda  luteola. 

DYNAMETER,  Dynamometer. 

D  Y  N  A M '  I C,  Dynam'icu*,  (F.)  Dynamique  : 
same  etymon.  In  Mechanics,  Dynam'xct  investi- 
gates the  powers  whereby  bodies  are  put  in  mo- 
tion, and  the  laws  connected  therewith*  In  Bi- 
ology, that  which  relates  to  the  vital  forces,  Vital 
Dynamic*.  The  influences  of  agents  on  the  or- 
ganism, which  are  ascribable  to  neither  mecha- 
nical nor  chemical  causes,  are  sometimes  termed 
dynamic. 

Dynamic  Diseases,  see  Organic. 

DYNAMICS,  VITAL,  see  Dynamic. 

DYNAMICUS,  Dynamic 

DYNAMIS,  Faculty,  Force. 

DYNAMOM'ETER,  Myodynamiom'eter,  Myo- 
dynamometer, from  Swapif,  *  force/  '  vital  power/ 
and  ptrpov,  *  measure/  An  instrument,  contrived 
by  M.  Regnier,  for  measuring  the  comparative 
muscular  strength  of  man  and  animals.  It  con- 
sists of  a  spring,  which,  when  pressed  upon, 
causes  a  needle  to  move  upon  a  portion  of  a  circle, 
famished  with  a  scale  of  kilogrammes  and  one 
of  myriagrammes.  To  measure  the  strength  of 
tho  hands,  the  two  branches  of  the  spring  are 
firmly  grasped,  and  brought  as  near  together  as 
•the  force  can  carry  them.  This  effort  makes  tho 
-needle  traverse,  and  indicates,  on  the  scale  of 
^kilogrammes,  the  strength  of  the  experimenter's 
hands.  A  man,  25  or  30  years  of  age,  exerts  a 
force  commonly  equal  to  50  kilogrammes  or  100 
pounds. 

The  strength  of  the  loins  of  a  man,  about  30 
years  ef  age,  as  indicated  by  this  instrument,  is 
usually  about  30  myriagrammes,  or  265  pounds, 
which  shows  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 

From  experiments  made  by  Peron,  in  his  voy- 
age, on  12  individuals  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  17 
of  New  Holland,  56  of  the  Island  of  Timor,  17 
Frenchmen  belonging  to  the  expedition,  and  14 
Englishmen  in  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales, 
he  found  their  comparative  strength,  indicated 
by  the  dynamometer,  to  be  as  follows : 


Natives  of 

STRENGTH 

of  the  arm. 

of  the  loins. 

Kilog. 

lb*. 

Myri. 

lb: 

1.  Van    Diemen's 

Land. 

2.  New  Holland. 

3.  Timor. 

4.  France. 
6.  England. 

50.6 
50.8 
58.7 
69.2 
71.4 

101.2 
101.6 
117.4 
138.4 
142.4 

10.2 
11.6 
15.2 
15.2 

208.08 
238.64 
310.08 
332.52 

Dynamometer  or  Dynameter,  Medic"inal. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  Paris,  for  the 
•purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  oT  active  matter 
contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of  any 
officinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any  prepa- 
ration, which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength  to  a 
given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same  class. 
The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than  useful. 

DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  fa,  in  composition,  'difficult,  faulty:" 
sometimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
particles  efts,  in,  mw,  or  tin,  in  English.     Hence : 

DYSiE'MIA,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/  and 
mtfta,  '  blood.'    A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSESTHESIA,  Dyioutht'tu,  from  fa, 
'with  difficulty/  and  ai<r$awpai,  'I  feel.'  Ob- 
scure, diminished,  or  even  abolished  sensation. 

Dysesthesia  Auditoria,  CophoeJa— d.  Gus- 


tatoria,  Ageostia — d.  Interna,  Amnesia — d.  01* 
factoria,  Anosmia. 

Dysesthesia  Visua'lis,  Parov'rU.  Sens* 
of  flight  vitiated  or  lost 

DYSESTHESIA,  Dysesthesia. 

DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/ 
and  avayw,  '  I  bring  up/  That  which  is  expecto- 
rated with  difficulty.  An  epithet  given,  by  the 
Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  expectorated 
with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their  viscidity. 

DY8ANNARRHOPHE'SIS,/)y»anarrA<>p*'ta/ 
from  fa,  '  with  difficulty/  and  arappof  ipec,  '  ab- 
sorption/ Diminished  absorption  from  morbid 
causes. 

DYS'APHE,  DytapVia,  from  fa,  and  «**, 
'  feeling.'    Morbid  feeling. 

DYSAPULO'TUS,  Dysapu'lu;  Dy$epulo'txcw, 
Dysulo'tut,  from  fa,  and  airovAovr,  'to  heal/ 
Healing  with  difficulty. 

DYS  ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  irregular. 

DYSCATABROSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPOSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPO'TIA,  from  fa,  and  *arar<v«,  'I 
drink.'  Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids.  This 
term  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Mead  as  a  substitute 
for  hydrophobia,  which  means  dread  of  liquids. 
The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused  by  the  diffi- 
culty of  deglutition. 

DYSCHE'ZIA;  from  fa,  and  gc^ir,  '  to  go  to 
stool.'    Difficult  and  painful  defecation. 

DYSCHRCE' A, from  fa,  'with  difficulty/  and 
Xfo*  or  x?oia>  '  colour/  Diwhro'a.  Sickly  and 
unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  macula  of  Willan. 

DYSCHROMATOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

DYSCHYMOSEN,  Chymoplania. 

DYSCINE'SIA,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/  and 
rivf»,  '  I  move.'  Difficulty  or  utter  incapability 
of  moving. — Galen. 

DYSCOILIA,  Constipation. 

DYSCOPHO'SIS,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/ 
and  Kofov,  '  I  am  deaf.'  A  defect  in  the  sense 
of  hearing. — Hippocrates. 

DYSCO'RIA,  Coremctamorpho'iu,  from  fa^ 
and  xopv,  '  the  pupil/  Irregularity  of  shape  of 
the  pupil. 

DYSCRA'SIA,  from  fa,  and  Kpamt,  'tempera- 
ment.' Intempe'rics,  Distcmpcran'tia,  Dytfcnuy. 
A  bad  habit  of  body. 

Dyscrasia  Scrofulosa,  Scrofula — d.  Tuber- 
culosa, see  Tubercle. 

DYSORASIACUM,  Spanamic. 

DYSCRASLffi,  Dysthetica. 

DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia— d.  Bilious,  Cholosis, 
Icterus. 

DYS'CRITOS,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/  and 
Kptcts,  'judgment'  That  which  it  is  difficult  to 
judge  of. — Hippocrates. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  Dydacryo'rii,  from  fa,  and 
iaxpvov,  '  a  tear/  A  morbid  condition  of  the  tears. 

DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdacria. 

DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  fa,  and  cr«p<oir,  'ex- 
cretion.'   Difficult  or  defective  excretion. 

DYSECCEA,  Baryeooia,  Deafness. 

DYSEL'CIA,  Dytcpulo'tw,  from  fa,  'with 
difficulty/  and  'cArej,  '  an  ulcer.'  An  ulcer  diffi- 
cult to  heal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

DYSEMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

DYSENTERIA,  Dysentery— d.  Bfliosa,  Colo- 
cholosis — d.  Hssmatera,  Dysentery — d.  Hepatiea, 
Hepatirrhcea — d.  Maligna,  Enterocace  —  d.  Pu- 
trida,  Enterocace  —  d.  Scorbutica,  Enterocace — 
d.  Splenica,  Melsena — d.  Typhodes,  Enterocace. 

DYSENTER'IC,    Dytnttr,\cu$t    Dym'tena, 


DYgENTERITJM 


str 


DYSPATHIA 


same  etymon  as  Dysentery.  Relating  to  dysen- 
tery. 

DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery. 

DYSENTERONERVIA,  Colio— d.  Saturnina, 
Colioa  me  tallica. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Dysenter'ia,  Dy tenter1  ium, 
Dysenter'ia  hamate' ra,  Difficul'tas  infest ino' rum, 
from  fa,  and  tvrtpsv,  '  an  intestine ;'  Dissolu'tus 
morbus,  Diarrhce'a  carnosa,  Coli'tit,  Coloni'tit, 
Colo-rcctV ti»f  Endocoli'tis,  Esocoli'tis,  Dejlux'ut 
Dy  tenter' icus,  Febris  Dytenter'ica,  F lumen  dy- 
senter'icum,  Fluxus  dysenteric  tit,  F.  eruen'tus 
ettm  Tenes'mo,  Rheumatis'mus  intestino'rum  cum 
ui'ceri,  Tor'mina  Celsi,  Tor'mina,  Blennenter'ia, 
Morbus  dissolu'tus,  Sedes  eruen'tm,  Lues  dysen- 
ter'ica,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Flux  dyeenti- 
rique,  Flux  de  Sang.  Inflammation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  large  intestine;  the  chief 
symptoms  of  which  are : — fever,  more  or  less  in- 
flammatory, with  frequent  mucous  or  bloody 
evacuations;  violent  tormina  and  tenesmus. 
When  the  evacuations  do  not  contain  blood,  it 
has  been  called  Dysenter'ia  alba  or  simple  Dysen- 
tery. The  seat  of  the  disease  is,  generally,  in  the 
colon  and  rectum.  It  occurs,  particularly,  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  autumnal  months,  and  in 
hot  olimates  more  than  in  cold :  frequently,  also, 
in  camps  and  prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure 
air,  and  imperfect  nourishment:  and  is  often 
epidemic.  Sporadic  cases  of  dysentery  are,  gene- 
rally, easily  managed ;  but  when  the  disease  oc- 
curs epidemically,  it  often  exhibits  great  malig- 
nancy. Generally,  it  yields  to  mild  laxatives,  as 
oastor  oil,  combined  with  diaphoretic  narcotics, 
such  as  the  pulvis  ipecacuanha  compotitut,  and 
counter-irritanUi  to  the  abdomen ;  but,  at  times, 
the  inflammation  runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulcera- 
tion, that,  unless  a  new  action  be  rapidly  excited, 
death  will  be  the  consequence.  In  such  oases, 
mercury  must  be  rapidly  introduced  into  the 
system,  and  narcotics  may  be  combined  with  it 

The  whole  management  in  acute  dysentery 
must,  of  course,  be  strictly  antiphlogistic. 

Dysentery,  Bilious,  Colocholosis. 

DYSEPULOTICUS,  Dysapulotua. 

DYSEPULOTOS,  Dyselcia. 

DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia. 

DYSGA'LIA,  Dysgalae'tia,  from  fa,  and  y*\a, 
'milk.'  An  unhealthy  condition  or  depravation 
of  the  milk. 

DYSGENNB'SIA,  from  fa,  and  ynwu,  'ge- 
neration.' Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  Ditgeus'tia,  from  fa,  and 
ynsi(,  'taste.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense 
of  taste. 

DYSH  JEMORRHCE'A,  from  fa,  'aiua,  'blood,' 
and  (k»,  '  to  flow.'  Difficulty  in  the  flow  of  blood, 
—according  to  some,  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution  or 
suppression. — Sagar. 

DYSHJS'MIA,  from  fa,  and  'mtua,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSHAPH'IA,  Dysaph'ia,  from  fa,  and  'o*>, 
*  touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSHI'DRIA,  2)yri'rfrta,  from  fa,  and  'iJp»*, 
'  sweat.'    A  morbid  state  of  the  perspiration. 

DYSIA'TOS,  faiaro*  from  fa,  'with  diffi- 
culty,' andcaopai,  'to  heal,-'  Oura'tu  diffic"ilis. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties,  Bradylogia. 

DYSIiOCHI'A,  Col'iea  lochia' lit,  HysteraVgia 
lochia'!**,  from  fa,  and  \o%tot ;  'relating  to  par- 


turition/ Diminution  or  suppression  of  the  lo- 
chia! discharge.  \ 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Dysmassc'sis,  Brady  masse' sis, 
from  fa,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  paenett, '  mastica- 
tion.'   Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 

DYSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhea. 

DYSMENORRHJ&E,  Dysmenorrhea. 

DYSMENORRHEA,  Dysme'nia,  Paramenia 
diffie"ilis,  Menorrhagia  ttill^ti"  tia,  Men'strua 
dijjicil'ia,  M.  Dolor o'ta,  Amentorrhat'a  diffic"ilis 
seu  partialis,  Menses  dolorif'icee,  Menorrhagia 
diffic"ilis,  Menstrua' tio  diffic"ilis,  M.  dolorif- 
ica,  Labo'rious  or  Difficult  Menstrua' tion,  (P.) 
Dytmenorrhie,  Menstruation  difficile,  Riglcs  diffi- 
cile t,  Strangurie  menstruelle.  Catamenia  passed 
with  great  looal  pain,  especially  in  the  loins : — 
with  sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dys- 
menorrhea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  pre- 
vents conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she 
should  be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain, 
and  subsequently  become  pregnant,  the  morbid 
action  may  be  broken  in  upon  by  gestation,  and 
a  perfect  cure  be  obtained.  Change  of  air,  soon 
after  marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occasion  to 
this  desirable  result  The  affection  generally  de- 
pends upon  erethism  of  the  interior  of  the 
uterus,  called  into  action  at  each  catamenial  pe- 
riod. The  violence  of  the  pain  requires  the  libe- 
ral use  of  narcotics. 

DYSMNE'SIA;  from  fa,  'badly,'  and  pvnett, 
'memory.'    Defective  memory. 

DYSMORPHB,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHIA,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 

DYSNtiPHRONERVIE,  Nephralgia. 

DYSODES,  Fetid. 

DYSO'DIA,  Dysod'mia,  Dytot'mia,  Fcctor, 
'foetor/  from  fa,  'badly,'  and  o£«,  'I  smell.' 
(F.)  Puanteur.  Sauvages  has  given  this  generic 
name  to  all  diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  ema- 
nations, from  whatever  part  proceeding;  —  from 
the  mouth,  nasal  fossae,  bronchia,  stomach,  axil- 
Is,  groins,  Ac.    Also,  a  stench  or  stink,  Psoa. 

DYSODMIA,  Dysodia. 

DYSODONTI'ASIS,Z>«*AV'io  diffic"ilit,  from 
fa,  'with  difficulty/  and  oiovnavtc,  'dentition.' 
Difficult  dentition. 

DYSONEFROS,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
ovcipoi,  '  a  dream.'    Insomnia,  with  restlessness. 

DYSO'PIA.  properly  Dysop'sia,  Dy  tor  a' tit, 
signifying  'shame,'  from  fa,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  otto  pat,  '  I  see.'  Difficulty  of  seeing :  obscu- 
rity of  vision. 

Dysopia  DissrroRinr,  Myopia. 

Dysopia  Latera'lis,  Parop'sis  lateralis, 
Skue -tight,  Sight  askew.  Vision  only  accurate 
when  the  object  is  placed  obliquely.  This  state 
is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of  the  cornea. 

Dysopia  Luminis,  Nyctalopia  —  d.  Proximo- 
rum,  Presbytia— d.  Tenebrarum,  Hemeralopie. 

DYSOPSIA,  Dysopia. 

DYSORASIS,  Dysopia. 

DYSOREX'IA,  Inappeten'tia,  Appeti'tus  de~ 
fie1 'tens,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ofcfis, 
'  appetite.'    Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYSOS'MIA,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty/  and 
QCfti},  'smell.'    Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPHRE'SIA,  Dy*osphre'sit,Dysospkra'- 
sia,  Dytphre'tit,  from  fa,  and  wtyw;,  'the  sense 
of  smell.'    A  morbid  state  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

DYSOSTOSIS;  from  fa,  and  ooreov,  'a  bone.* 
A  faulty  conformation  or  morbid  condition  of 
bone. 

DYSPATHIA,  see  Serious. 


DYSPEPSIA 


808 


DYSTOCIA 


DTSPEI'SIA,  from  fa,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
tuttw,  'I  concoct'  Limo'sis  Dyspep'sia,  Ano- 
rsxfia,  Apep'sia,  Bradypep'sia,  Gastroatax'ia, 
Diges'tio  deprava'ta,  D,  diffid'ilis,  D.  lata,  Gas- 
tro-ato'nia,  Concoc'tio  tarsal,  Stom'aehi  resolu'tio, 
Cru'ditas,  Passio  stomach'ica,  Indigestion,  Diffi- 
culty of  Digestion.  A  state  of  the  stomach,  in 
which  its  functions  are  disturbed,  without  the 
presence  of  other  diseases,  or  when,  if  other  dis- 
eases be  present,  they  are  of  but  minor  import- 
ance. The  symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are  very  va- 
rious. Those  affecting  the  stomach  itself  are : — 
loss  of  appetite ;  nausea ;  pain  in  the  epigastrium 
or  hypochondrium ;  heart-burn ;  sense  of  fulness, 
or  weight  in  the  stomach ;  acrid  or  fetid  eructa- 
tions ;  pyrosis,  and  sense  of  fluttering  or  sinking 
at  the  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  sympathetic  affec- 
tions are  of  the  most  diversified  character.  Dys- 
pepsia, being  generally  of  a  functional  nature,  is 
devoid  of  danger.  When  arising  from  disease  of 
the  stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  course,  more  serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of  living; 
either  in  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  food  taken : 
and  the  most  successful  treatment  is,  to  put  the 
patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  digestion  j  to  combat  the 
causes,  where  such  are  apparent ;  and,  by  proper 
remedies  and  regimen,  to  strengthen  the  system 
in  every  practicable  manner.  A  great  error  exists 
in  regarding  it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility. 
It  is  often  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or 
subinflammatory  condition  of  the  mucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  different 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
Dyspepsia  is  often  attended  with  too  great  a  se- 
cretion of  the  gastric  acids ;  but,  on  other  occa- 
sions, they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in  quan- 
tity, so  as  to  constitute  alkaline  indigestion  or 
neutral  indigestion. 

Dyspepsia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis  —  d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis  —  d.  Pyrosis,  Py- 
rosis. 

DYSPEPSIODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEP'TIC,  Dyspep'ticus,  Dyspepftus, 
Apep*tic,  Apep'ticus;  same  etymon.  Having  re- 
lation to  dyspepsia,  as  'dyspeptio  bread.'  One 
who  suffers  from  dyspepsia. 

DYSPEPTICUS,  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPEPTODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEPTU8,  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPERMA'SIA,  Dy  spermatid  mus,  from  fa, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  cvtppa,  'sperm.'  Difficulty 
— sometimes  incapacity — of  voiding  the  sperm. 

DYSPERMATISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 

DYSPHA'GIA,  Dyscatabro'sis,  Dytcatap'osis, 
Deglutit"io  diffic"ilis,  D.  Ut'sa,  D.  impedi'ta, 
from  fa,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ^ayta,  'I  eat' 
Difficulty  of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is  almost 
always  symptomatic,  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  oesophagus,  by 
some  .obstacle  within  it,  or  by  a  neighbouring  tu- 
mour. At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasm  or  pa- 
ralysis of  the  oesophagus.  The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 

Dysphagia  Atonic  a,  Pharyngoplegia. 

Dyspha'qia  Constric/ta,  D.  Pharyngea,  D. 
(Esophagea,  D.  Callo'sa,  Strictu'ra  Pharyn'gis 
aeu  (Esoph'agi  vera,  S.  GB.  Callo'sa,  Stenocho'- 
ria  (Esoph'agi,  (Esophagiarc'tia,  Lamostsno'sis. 
Strioture  of  the  pharynx  and  oesophagus  is  an 
affection  which  may  be  the  result  of  pharyngitis  or 
oesophagitis ;  but  more  frequently  of  malignant 
disease  in  the  parietes  of  the  tube.  The  only 
remedy  is  the  bougie. 

Dyspha'gia  I&flammatoria,  (Esophagitis  — 
A  Pharyngea*  D.  Constricta— d.  CBsophagea,  D. 


Constricta — d.  Spasmodica,  (Esophagismus—  d. 
Callosa,  D.  Constricta — d.  Paralytica,  (Eaopha- 
goplegia,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Nervosa,  (Esopha- 
gismus—-d.  Torpida,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Globosa, 
Angone — d.  Hysterica,  Angone- -d.  Inflammato- 
ria,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  d.  Linguosa,  Para- 
glossa— d.  Ranula,  Ranula^— d.  Uvulosa,  Staphy- 
ledema—d.  Scirrhosa,  Lsemoscirrhus  —  d.  Spas- 
tica, (Esophagismus. 

DYSPHO'NIA,  from  fa,  and  <f>»rv,  'the  voice.' 
Difficulty  of  producing  and  articulating  sounds : 
voice  imperfect  or  depraved.  Apho'nia,  (of  some.) 

Dysphonia  Ivkodulata  Nasalis,  Rhinopho- 
nia — d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

DYSPHORIA,  Inquietn'do,Asta'sia.  Dissatis- 
faction; restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition; 
from  fa,  and  ftp*,  '  I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  Anxibtas,  Anxiety  —  d.  Nervosa, 
Fidgets — d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

DYSPHOTIA,  Myopia. 

DYSPHRESIS,  Dysosphresia. 

DYSPIO'NIA,  from  fa,  and  «•*,  'fat'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 

DYSPLASMATIC,  Cacoplastic. 

DYSPLASTICUM,  Spanaemic 

DYSPN(E'A,  from  fa,  and  rw»,  'I  breathe.' 
Pseudo-asthma,  Amphipneu'ma,  Respira'tio  dif- 
fic"ilis  sen  6reri»  tt  vara,  Bnxchypnce' a,  Retentio 
aS'rea,  Anhela'tion,  Short  breath,  Difficulty  of 
breathing,  (F.)  Cowrie  Haleine.  Dyspnoea  may 
be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The  latter  accom- 
panies almost  all  thoracic  diseases.  Urgent  dys- 
pnoea has  been  called  amphipneu'ma,  a^tTstsum. 
— Hippocrates. 

Dyspncba  Convttlsiya,  Asthma — d.  Hydro- 
thoracica,  Hydrothorax  —  d.  Physothoracica, 
Pneumothorax — d.  Pinguedinosa,  Pursincss —  d. 
Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax  —  cL  Pyothoraciea, 
Empyema. 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  fa,  and  vtoXoi,  'saliva.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DYSSYN'ODUS,  Dyssynu'sia,  from  fa,  and 
vvvoSos,  'coition.'  Co' it  us  diffic"ilis.  Difficult/ 
in  coition. 

DYSSYNTJSIA,  Dyssynodus. 

DYSTHAN'ATOS,  from  fa,  and  Savmroc, 
'  death.'  That  which  causes  a  slow  and  painful 
death.  One  who  experiences  this  kind  of  death. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

DYSTHEL A'SIA,  from  fa,  and  $9A«£i#,  'I  give 
suck.'    Inaptitude  for  suckling. 

DYSTHERAPEU'TOS,  Diffieiliter  cvra'bilis  ; 
from  fa,  and  Stpavtta, '  medical  treatment'  That 
which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTHE'SIA,  from  fa,  'badly,'  and  «»Vif  'I 
am  situate.'  Dys'thesi*,  Cachexfia.  Morbid  habit 
Bad  humour.    Impatience  in  disease. — Erotian. 

DYSTHET'ICA,  Cachex'ia,  Cachexies;  same 
etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  or 
blood-vessels ;  alone  or  connected  with  a  morbid 
state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased  babit 
The  fourth  ordor  in  the  class  Ham  at  tea  of  Good, 
including  Plethora,  Hamorrhagia,  Ac 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  fa,  and  Svmos,  'mind.' 
Depression,  Despondency.  A  bad  sign  in  acute 
diseases.    Also,  Melancholy. 

DYSTOCIA,  Mogostocfia,  Bradytoc'ia,  Relen'- 
tio  fatus,  from  fa,  and  rs*ot,  'accouchement' 
A  laborious  accouchement,  Labo'rious  labour, 
Parodyn'ia,  morbid  labour,  difficult  labour,  Par- 
tus diffic"ilis.    See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Aiortiva,  Abortion— d.  DysoyeaU, 
Pregnancy,  morbid — d.  Dyscyeaia  extra-uterm% 
see  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYSTCBOttlASIS 


S09 


EAU 


DYST<ECHI'ASIS,  JHspM'tow,  from  &*,  'bad/ 
and  crux**,  'order/  Irregular  position  of  the 
eye-lashes. — Forestus. 

DYSTONIA,  from  ivs,  and  rovaj,  'tone.'  Mor- 
bid condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or  organ. 

DYSTROPHIA,  from  fo$,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  rpoiprt,  *  nourishment.'  Imperfect  or  defective 
nutrition. 

DYSULOTUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DYSURE'SIA,  Dysure'sis;  from  &»s,  and  00017- 
on,  'passing  the  urine.'  Defective  secretion  and 
evacuation  of  the  urine. 


DYSU'RIA,  Uri'na  dijfic"ilis  exere'tio,  from 
Sot,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  ovpov, '  urine.'  Stran'- 
gury,  {of  tome.)  Difficulty  of  passing  the  urine. 
In  this  affection  the  urine  is  voided  with  pain, 
and  a  sensation  of  heat  in  some  part  of  the 
urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first  degree  of  retention 
of  urine.  It  differs  from  strangury,  in  which  the 
urine  can  only  be  passed  in  drops  and  with  great 
straining. 

Dysuria  Calculoba,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d. 
Irritata,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhcea. 


B. 


EAGLE-STONE,  Elites. 

EAR,  Anris,  One,  ovf,  Ac'ol,  Saxon,  eape,  (¥.) 
Oreille,  The  organ  of  audition.  It  is  composed  of 
a  series  of  more  or  less  irregular  cavities,  in 
which  the  sonorous  rays  are  successively  received 
and  reflected,  until  they  agitate  the  nerves  which 
are  destined  to  convey  the  impression  to  the  brain. 
The  ear  is  contained  partly  in  the  substance  of 
the  temporal  bones ;  and  a  part  projects  exter- 
nally, behind  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may 
be  divided  into  three  portions ; — the  outer  or  ex- 
ternal ear,  formed  by  the  auricle  and  meatus  au- 
ditorius; the  middle  ear,  comprising  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum  and  its  dependencies ;  and  the 
internal  ear,  comprehending  the  three  semicircular 
canals,  the  cochlea  and  the  vestibule ;  which,  to- 
gether, constitute  the  osseous  labyrinth.  Within 
the  cavity  of  this  labyrinth  are  contained  mem- 
branes having  nearly  the  shape  of  the  vestibule 
and  semicircular  canals,  but  not  extending  into 
the  cochlea.  These  membranes  form  the  mem- 
branous  labyrinth.  Between  the  osseous  and  the 
membranous  labyrinth  is  situate  the  liquor  of 
Cotunnius,  and  within  the  membranous  labyrinth 
is  a  fluid,  termed,  by  De  Blainville,  vitrine  audi- 
tive,  from  its  supposed  analogy  to  the  vitreous 
humour  of  the  eye.  The  form  of  the  membranous 
vestibule  is  not  an  exact  imitation  of  the  osseous 
cavity,  being  composed  of  two  distinct  sacs,  which 
open  into  each  other, — the  one  termed  the  Sac*- 
culus  vestib'uli;  the  other  Sac' cuius.  Each  sac 
contains  in  its  interior  a  small  mass  of  white  cal- 
careous matter  resembling  powdered  chalk,  which 
seems  to  be  suspended  in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by 
means  of  a  number  of  nervous  filaments  pro- 
ceeding from  the  auditory  nerve.  These  are  the 
otoconias  and  otolithes  of  Breach  et. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  cavi- 
ties of  the  internal  ear. 

EAR-DOCTOR,  Aurisf  —  e.  Flap,  Proptoma 
auricularum. 

EAR-PICK,  Otog'lyphie,  Otog'lyphum,  Coch'- 
tear  auricula' ri,  Auriscal'pium,  (F.)  Cure-oreille. 
A  species  of  small  scoop,  used  for  extracting 
hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
extemus ;  or  to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the 
ear.  If  carelessly  used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflam- 
mation of  the  tube. 

EAR-SURGEON,  Aurist— e.  Surgery,  Otiatria. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  Tubus  aeus,ticue,Acue,tieum 
Cornu,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustique.  An  instrument  for 
collecting  sound  and  increasing  its  intensity,  used 
by  those  who  are  hard  of  hearing.  It  is,  com- 
monly, a  kind  of  cone,  formed  of  silver,  tin,  or 
elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which  is  turned  towards 
the  person  who  is  speaking,  and  the  apex  placed 
in  the  entrance  of  the  meatus  auditorius  extemus. 


EARWAX,  Cerumen. 

EARWIG,  Forficula  auricularia. 

EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana  —  e. 
Fuller's,  Cimolia  purpurescens  —  e.  Gall,  Yera- 
trum  viride — e.  Heavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Cate- 
chu—e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemma, — e.  Nut,  Pignut, 
Bunium  balbocastanum — e.  Ponderous,  Baryta — 
e.  Samian,  Sami  terra — e.  Sealed,  Terra  sigillata 
— e  Talc,  Magnesia. 

EATABLE,  Esculent 

EAU,  Water— e.  d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

EAU  &ALIBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  of  vine,  and  sulphate  of  copper,  each 
33;  camphor,  ten  grains;  saffron,  four  grains; 
water,  four  fluidounces.  Employed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  and  as  a  vulnerary. 

EAU  DE  V AMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii  -*  e. 
(FAmande*  amerce,  Aqua  amygdalarum  concen- 
trate 

EAU  ANTIPUTRIDE  DE  BEAUFORT. 
Mineral  lemonade  prepared  with  sulphuric  acid. 

EAU  &ARMAGNAC,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composite. — e.  de  Balaruc,  Balaruc  waters — e.  de 
Bariges,  Bareges  water  —  e.  de  Binclli,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  e.  Blanche,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetaiis 
dilutus — e.  de  Bonferme,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composite. — e.  de  Bonne*,  Bonnes,  mineral  waters 
of — e.  de  Boule,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatnm — e.  de 
Bour  bonne -les- Bains,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi- 
neral waters  of— c.  de  Brocchieri,  Aqua  Brocchl- 
erii  —  e.  dee  Carmee,  see  Melissa — e.  de  Chatur, 
Liquor  calcis — e.  de  Chaux  oompoeie,  Liquor  eai- 
cis  compositus. 

EAU  DE  COLOGNE,  Cologne  water.  A  cele- 
brated perfume,  so  called  from  the  place  where  it 
is  made.  The  following  is  one  formula :  Oil  of 
bergamot,  Jiij  J  Oil  of  lemon,  Jij  ;  Oil  of  Laven- 
der, gtiiss ;  Oil  of  neroli,  Ziiss ;  Oil  of  origanum, 
jjflj  ;  Oil  of  rosemary,  gj ;  Essence  of  vanilla,  3flj ; 
Musk,  ten  grains ;  Rectified  spirit,  Oxiij ;  Rose- 
water,  Oy;  Orange-flower  water,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  fourteen  days,  and  filter. 

EAU  DE  CUIVRE  AMMONTACALE,  Li- 
quor cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Distillie,  Water,  dis- 
tilled—  e.  de  Fontaine,  Water,  spring  —  e.  dee 
Fontaines  de  la  Mariguerie,  Rouen,  mineral  wa- 
ters of—  e.  eontre  la  Qangrdne,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
nitrioi — e.  de  Ooudron,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — e.  de 
Ooulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

EAU  H&MA8TATIQUE  DE  TISSERAND. 
A  hemastatio  water  reputed  to  possess  the  same 
properties  as  the  Aqua  Brocchierii.  It  may  be 
prepared  by  digesting  dragon* t  blood,  and  turpen- 
tine of  the  Vbegee  in  water. 

EAU  JTHUSSON,  Vinum  colchici— a.  dm 


BAU    • 


310 


BCDB1HOMAXIA 


Bydropiques,  Serum  of  serous  membranes  —  e. 
Hydrosulfurie  simple,  Hydrosulphuretted  water. 

EA  U  DE  JA  VELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
alkali' na  oxymuriat'ica,  Labarraque'*  Solution, 
( Common  *alt,  Ibij  ;  black  oxide  of  manganese, 
tt>j ;  water,  Ibij.  Put  into  a  retort,  and  add,  gra- 
dually, oil  of  vitriol,  Ibij.  Pass  the  vapour  through 
a  solution  of  snbcarbonate  ofpotassa  3uj  in  water 
zxxix,  applying  heat  towards  the  last.  8.  g. 
1.087.)  It  is  stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, 
— appliod  externally. 

EAU  DE  LAC,  Water,  lake— e.  de  Luce,  Spi- 
ritus  ammonias  succinates — e.  Magnieienne,  Mag- 
nesia, fluid — c.  de  Marais,  Water,  marsh — e.  Mi- 
dicinale  a"  Huston,  see  Colohicum  autumnale— e. 
de  Mer,  Water,  sea  —  e.  Mercurielle,  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri  nitrici — e.  Minirale,  Water,  mineral — e. 
de  Monterosti,  Aqua  Binellii — e.  de  Naples,  Na- 
ples water,  factitious  —  e.  de  Neige,  Water,  snow 
— e.  de  Pluie,  Water,  rain — e.  de  Potasse,  Liquor 
potass©  —  e.  de  Puit,  Water,  well  —  e.  de  Babel, 
Elixir  acidum  Halleri — e.  Rigalc,  Nitro-muriatio 
acid — e.  de  Source,  Water,  well — e.  Styptique  de 
BroccKieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii — e.  Sucrie,  Hydro- 
saccharum  —  e.  Vegito-mini.rale,  Liquor  Plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus — e.  de  Vichy,  Viohy  water — 
e.  de  Vie,  Brandy — e.  de  Vie  Allemande,  Tinctura 
jalapii  composite  — e.  de  Vie  camphrie,  Spiiitus 
camphorae. 

EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii  —  e.  Hipatiques, 
Waters,  mineral,  sulfureous — e.  Minirale*  artifi- 
eUUes,  Waters,  mineral,  artificial  —  «.  Minirale* 
factice»,  Waters,  mineral,  artificial — e.  Minirale* 
ferrugineute*,  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  Ac. — e. 
Mmirales  gaseuse*  ou  aeidule*,  Waters,  mineral, 
gaseous,  Ac. — e.  Minirale*  saline*,  Waters,  mine- 
ral, saline  — e.  Minerale*  sulfureuses,  Waters, 
mineral,  sulfureous — e.  Sulfuric*,  Waters,  mine- 
ral, sulfureous. 

EBEAUPIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department  of  Loire 
Jnfirieure,  near  Nantes. 

fSBLOUISSEMENT,  Dassling. 

EBRIEGA'SUM.  A  term  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  denote  a  disturbance  of  the  reason,  simi- 
lar to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 

EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 

EBRIOSITAS,  Temulentia. 

EBULLITIO,  Ebullition,  Strophulus— e.  Sto- 
mach i,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Pyrosis. 

EBULLIT"ION,  Ebullifio,  jEetuafio,  Ana*- 
e*i»,  Causis,  from  ebullire,  '  to  bubble  up.'  Boil- 
ing; (P.)  Bouillonnement.  The  motion  of  a 
liquid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles  of  vapour, 
by  heat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling  point  of 
liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure  to  which 
they  are  subjected.  For  the  point  of  ebullition 
of  different  substances,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague  man- 
nor,  for  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of  the 
skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a  slight 
febrile  attack. 

EBULUS,  Sambnetu  ebulus. 

EBUR.  Ivory. 

E  B  U  R  N I F I C  A'T  1 0  N,  Eburniftca'tio,  from 
ebur,  'ivory/  and  fio,  'to  be  made/  An' incrus- 
tation of  the  articular  surfaces  of  bones  with 
phosphate  of  lime,  which  gives  them  the  white- 
ness and  hardness  of  ivory. 

EC,  (before  a  vowel,  Ex,)  «*,  tf,  'out  of,  from, 
of  "•  Hence,  Ecchymoma,  Eclectic,  Ac 

JSCAILLE.  Scale. 

JlCAILLES  D'HUITRES,  Ostrees  testes. 

tCAlLLEUX,  Squamous. 

ECBALIA  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  elate- 
lium. 

ECBESOMENON,  Eventus. 


ECBLOMA,  see  Abortion. 

ECBOLE,  Abortion. 

ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 

ECBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

EGBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  •!*» 
terium. 

ECBOLIUS,  Abortive. 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  at/Ww,  'I  boil  up/ 
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  the  word  for  cer- 
tain burning  eruptions. 

ECCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

ECCEPHALO'SIS,  Excerebra'tio,  CephaU- 
tom'ia,  from  ik,  '  out,'  and  KupaXrj,  '  head/  The 
removal  of  the  brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate 
delivery. 

ECCHELYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ECCHORESIS,  Defecation. 

ECCHYLOMA,  Succus  expressus. 

ECCHYMATA,  Ecbrasmata. 

ECCHYMO'MA,  Ecchymo'ri*,  Pelidno'ma,  Pe- 
lio'tna,  Hyphema,  Hypoat'ma,  Jfypoa'mia,  from 
sk,  'out  of,'  and  £v/»of,  'juice/  'humour;'  Effu'- 
aio,  Exsucca'tio,  Suffu'sio  san'guinis.  A  livid, 
black,  or  yellow  spot,  Livor  sanguineus,  pro- 
duced by  blood  effused  into  the  areolar  tissue 
from  a  contusion.  Spontaneous  effusions,  occur- 
ring as  the  result  of  disease  or  after  death,  are 
called  suggillations. 

Ecchtmoma  Arteriosus,  see  Aneurism  —  a. 
Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephalematoma  —  e. 
Hyponychon,  Hyponychon  —  e.  Lymphatieum, 
Phlegm  at  ia  dolens — e.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHYMOSIS,  Ecchymoma. 

ECCHYSIS,  Effusion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

EC'COPE,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia,  from  cm,  and 
kowtciv,  '  to  cut'  The  act  of  cutting  out :  also, 
a  perpendicular  division  of  the  cranium  by  a 
cutting  instrument     See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Ssme  etymon.  A  knife  or  in- 
strument for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument— 
the  raspatory — used  in  trepanning. 

ECCOPROSLESTHE'SIS,  from  ac,  *o*fxx,  'ex- 
crement/  and  ateOnvis,  *  sensation/  The  p»««*- 
sion  or  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

ECCOPROSIS,  Defecation. 

^CCOV^OVlGfEccoprotficu*,Eeioprot»w,t ._ 
tf,  'out  of,'  and  xonpos,  'excrement.'  Mild  pur- 
gatives or  laxatives,  whose  operation  is  confined 
to  simply  clearing  out  the  intestinal  canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICTJS,  from  «r,  'out  of,'  and 
KopBata,  '  I  collect'  An  ancient  epithet  for  reme- 
dies to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
evacuating  collections  of  humours. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  EccHnolog"ia,  Eccrisio- 
log"ia,  from  active),  («,  and  Kptrw,)  'I  separate/ 
and  \oyoi, '  a  discourse/  A  treatise  on  tho  secre- 
tions. 

ECCRISIOLOGIA,  Eecrinology. 

ECCRISION'OSI,  Eccresionu'si,  from  c«rpt*<& 
'excretion,'  and  vocot,  'disease/  Diseases  of 
excretion. 

\  ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from  «*?««?,  'excre- 
tion/ and  trxevit,  *  retention/  Arrest  or  retention 
of  excretions ;  or  of  a  critical  evacuation. 

EC'CRISIS,  Excretion. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  exeerneal 
function.  The  6th  class  in  Good's  Nosology 
Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the  ex  cement  system, 

ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine— e.  Ab- 
dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  e.  Ovaria, 
Pregnancy,  ovarial— e.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy,  tubal 

ECCYLIO'SIS,  from  c«,  'out  of,'  and  *»Xi«* 
'to  turn  round/  Morbus  evolutio'nis.  A  disease 
of  evolution  or  development 

ECDEMIOM A'NIA,  Ecdemion'oeus,  from  msV 


ECDSMI0N08US 


811 


BCONOMY 


im,  'I  travel  about,'  and  pawc,  'mania/  A  mor- 
bid desire  to  be  travelling  about 

ECDEMIONOSUS,  Ecdemiomania. 

EC'DORA,  from  at,  and  &tp*, '  I  flay/  AnaoV- 
ora,  Bxeoria'Ho.  Excoriation  in  general,  bat 
more  especially  of  the  urethra. 

EC'DYSIS,  from  «iuw,  (tic,  and  cuts,)  'I  put 
off.'  Moulting  of  the  skin  of  animals.  Desqua- 
mation. 

tCHALOTTE,  Eschalotte,  AVlium  Ascalon1- 
icum.  Cepa  Aacalon'ica.  The  shallot*.  A  species 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

j£CHANCRUREt(F.),  Emargina'tio,  Emarai- 
natu'ra,  Incisu'ra.  A  French  word,  employed  by 
anatomists  to  designate  depressions  and  notches 
of  rarious  shapes,  observed  on  the  surface  or 
edges  of  bones. 

JSCHANCRURE  ETHMOlDALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

tiCHANCRVRE  NASALE,  Natal  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  os  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
bones  of  the  nose. 

$CHANCRURE  PAROTTDIENNE  is  a  tri- 
angular space,  comprised  between  the  parotidean 
edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the  mas- 
toid process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the  pa- 
rotid gland. 

iCHANCRVRE  SOAPULAIRE,  Notch,  sca- 
pular—I.  Sciatique  grande,  see  Sciatic  Notch — I. 
Seiatique  petite,  see  Sciatic  Notch. 

iCHARDE,  Splinter. 

&CHARPE  GRANDE,  et  £  MO  YEN,  see 
Sling — i.  de  J.  L,  Petit,  see  Sling — t\  Petite,  see 
Slinj 


ing. 
EC1 


VCHAUBOULURES  (P.),  Sudam'ina,  Hi- 
drcfa.  A  word  whose  meaning  is  not  fixed.  It 
is  applied  to  any  eruption  on  the  surface  of  the 
body,  accompanied  with  pricking  and  other  un- 
easy sensations. 

ECBAUFFANTS,  Calefocients. 

&CHAUFFEMENS,  Chafing. 

£CHAUFFEMENT  {¥.)  CaUfac'tio,  Excale- 
fae'tio,  from  (Y.)4chauffer,  (ealefacere,)  'to  make 
warm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal 
economy;  the  symptoms  of  which  are  a  more 
than  ordinary  sensation  of  heat,  disposition  to 
perspiration,  great  thirst,  general  indisposition, 
flushed  countenance,  Ac.  It  goes  off  by  the  use 
of  antiphlogistics  and  abstinence.  In  the  vulgar 
language  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with  con- 
stipation, and  sometimes  for  simple  gonorrhoea, 
and  for  chafing. 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  i^w, '  I  have/  and  nXKa, 
'glue/  Echeeollum.  Any  topical  glutinous  re- 
medy.— Gorraeus,  Qalen. 

£  CHE  LIES  DU  LIMAQON,  Seal®  of  the 
cochlea. 

ECHENEIS,  Remora  Hildani. 

ECHETROSIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Brown  ten-inch- 
long  viper.  A  most  formidable  viper  in  the 
forests  of  Peru,  the  bite  of  which  is  so  rapidly 
fatal,  that  it  kills  a  strong  man  in  two  or  three 
minutes.    TscbudL 

ECHINA'CEA  PURPU'REA,  Purple  Cone- 
Mower,  Black  Sampson,  of  the  Composite  Family ; 
Indigenous  in  Ohio  and  westward ;  its  dull  pur- 
ple flowers  appearing  in  July.  The  root  is  aro- 
matic, and  used  popularly  as  a  carminative. 

iCHINE,  Vertebral  column.     ' 

ECHINOCOCCUS  HOMINIS,  see  Worms— 
C  Humanus,  Hydatid. 

BCHINODERMI,  Porcupine  men. 

ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 


ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from  «#»•«,  'a  hedge- 
hog/ and  o<p^aX(iia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.9 
Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  pro- 
ject like  the  quills  of  the  hedgehog. 

ECHI'NOPS,  from  c^'"*'  'bedgehog/  and 
w]>,  'appearance/  Crocodil'ion,  AcanthaVxuca, 
Scahio'sa  carduifo'lia,  Spha>roctph'ala  ela'tior, 
Echi'nopus,  Echinops  Sph&roceph'alus.  The  globe 
thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to  be 
moderately  diuretic. 

ECHINOPUS,  Echinops. 
ECHINUS  SCANDENS,  Allamanda. 
ECU  OS,  Sound,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
ECHOSCOPE,  Auscultation. 
ECHOSCOPIUM,  Stethescope. 
ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECLACTIS'M A,  Eclamp'sis,  Eclamp'sia,  Epi- 
lamp'sis,  Effulgescen' tia,  from  urAa«rc$w,  '  I  kick.' 
Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 
light;  and  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  last 
two  words  for  epilepsy.  They  have  all  been  ap- 
plied to  the  convulsions  of  children. 

JtdAlRE,  Chelidoninm  majus— *.  Petite, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

ECLAMP'SIA,  Convulsion :  also,  the  convul- 
sions of  children,  Edamp'tia  infan'tum,  Epilep'- 
sia  acti'ta  infan'tum,  J5.  fehri'lie  in/an' turn,  E. 
pueri'Us,  (F.)  Convulsions  dee  En/ane,  Eclampsie. 

Eclamp'sia  Gravidarum  et  Parturlbm'- 
tium;  Puerperal  Convulsions,  (F.)  Convulsions 
desfemmes  enceintes  et  en  cone  he.  Convulsions  of 
pregnant  and  parturient  women. 

Eclampsia  Infantum,  Bee  Eclampsia — e.  Nu- 
tans, Convulsion,  Salaam — e.Typhodes,Raphania. 

ECLAMPSIE  DES  ENFANS,  Eclampsia 
infantum. 

ECLECTIC,  (PHYSICIANS,)  EcUc'tici 
Med' id,  from  cxXtyw,  'I  choose/  A  sect  of  phy- 
sicians, who  professed  to  choose,  from  other  sects, 
all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to  them  bert 
founded.  Agathinus  of  Sparta,  master  of  Archi- 
genes  of  Apamtea,  in  Syria,  was  its  reputed 
founder;  and  Archigenes  and  Aretaeus  were  its 
greatest  ornaments.  The  doctrine  was  called 
Eclec'tism,  Eclectis'mus,  Medici' na  eclec'tica, 
Eclectic  med'icine.  Every  judicious  physician 
must  be  an  eclectic 

ECLECTISM,  see  Eclectic. 

ECLEC'TOS,  Eclig'ma,  Elig'ma,  Elix'is,  Lam- 
biti'vum,  Linctvs,  Liiictua'rium,  from  firXi^w,  '  I 
lick.'  (F.)  Looch.  A  medicine,  of  a  thick,  sy- 
rupy consistence,  chiefly  used  to  allay  cough,  and 
consisting  of  pectoral  remedies.  It  was  formerly 
sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquorice  stick,  made 
into  a  kind  of  pencil;  hence  its  name  Linctus, 
from  lingers,  '  to  lick/  Although  the  linctus  is 
usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  affections,  it  may 
have  tonio  virtues  combined  with  it 

ECLEGMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— e.  Gum- 
moso-oleosum,  Looch  album. 

ECLEIPISIS,  Exfoliation. 

ECLEPISIS,  Desquamation. 

ECLEPISITREPANON,  Exfoliative  trepan. 

ECLIGMA,  Eclectos. 

ECLIMIA,  Boulimia. 

ECLIPSIS,  Syncope. 

tCLJSSE,  Splint 

ECLYSES,  Adynamia. 

EC'LYSIS,  Exsolu'tio;  from  cjcXw,  'I loosen/ 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength ;  fain  to  ess. 

Eclysis  Pneumo-cardiaca,  Asphyxia. 

ECMYZESIS,  Exsuctio. 

ECNCEA,  Dementia. 

&COLE,  School. 

ECON'OMY,  (Econo'mia,  from  oitia,  'a house, 
a  family,'  and  vqu#,  'I  rule/    By  'he  term  jfti. 


&CORCB 


812 


ECTOPIA 


mal  economy  is  understood, — the  aggregate  of  the 
laws  which  govern  the  organism.  The  word  eco- 
nomy is,  also,  used  for  the  aggregate  of  parts 
which  constitute  man  or  animals. 

&CORCE,  Cortex  — e.  Cariocoetine,  Canella 
alba — i.  dc  Saint  Lucie,  Cinchona*  Caribaeao  cor- 
tex—  4.  de  Winter,  see  Wintera  aromatica  —  t. 
Fau*se  de  Winter,  Canella  alba. 

&CORCHURES,  Chafing,  Excoriation. 

&COULEMENT,  Discharge,  Gonorrhoea—/. 
Blaac,  Leucorrhoea  —  i.  de  Sang  par  VlnUetin, 
Haemntochezia. 

£ CO V VILLON,  see  £cownllonnemenU 
I  &COUVIUONNEMENT  (P.),  from  icou- 
villon,  'a  kind  of  mop,  the  sponge  of  a  gun.'  A 
term  used  by  the  French  therapeutists  for  the 
act  of  cleansing  or  applying  remedies  to  a  part 
by  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the  end  of  a 
piece  of  whalebone.  Such  mop  or  brush  is 
termed  Ecouvillon. 

ECPHLOGOSIS,  Inflammation. 

ECPHLYSIS,  Vesicula— e.  Herpes,  Herpes— 
e.  Herpes  circinatus,  Herpes  circinatus — e.  Her- 

Sis  exedens,  Herpes  exedens — e.  Herpes  miliaria, 
erpes  phlyctnnodes — e.  Herpes  zoster,  Herpes 
toster — e.  Pompholyx,  Pompholyx — e.  Rhypia, 
Rupia. 

ECPHRACTIC,  Deobstruent 

ECPHRAX'IS,  from  vefpavtru,  'I  remove  ob- 
struction/ The  action  of  ecphractio  or  deob- 
struent  remedies. 

ECPHRONIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia,  Me- 
lancholy. 

ECPHTAS,  Appendix  vermiformis  csdcL 

ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour— e.  Callus, 
Callosity  —  e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle  —  e.  Clavus, 
Corn — e.  (Edematicum,  (Edema,  Phlegm atia  do- 
leu  s —  e.  Physconia,  Physconia — e.  Trichoma, 
Plica— e.  Verruca,  Verruca. 

ECPHYMATA,  Rubeola. 

ECPHYSE'SIS,  Effla'tiv,  Effla'tn*,  from  tKfv- 
eatt,  { I  breathe  through.'  Exeuffla'tio.  A  quick 
and  forced  expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis— e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

ECPIES'MA,  from  anrufw,  '  I  compress.'  Ef- 
fractu'ra,  Impaction,  Dece^&io.  A  fracture  of 
the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the  fragments 
and  compression  of  the  brain. 

ECPIES'MOS,  Expree'eio,  Ex'itue,  EcpieJ- 
mon,  same  etymon.  Uelsus  uses  these  wordB  to 
signify  the  foroing  of  the  eye  from  the  orbitar 
cavity,  with  apparent  but  not  real  augmentation 
of  the  organ.    See  Exophthalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  c«,  and  rXcpott,  'I  fill.' 
A  cushion,  a  pad.  Hippocrates  means,  by  this 
term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather,  or  other 
substance  intended  to  fill  the  hollow  of  the  arm- 
pit j  used  probably  in  reducing  luxations  of  the 
shoulder. 

ECPLEXIA,  Stupor. 

ECPLEXIS,  Stupor. 

ECPNEUMATOSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

ECPTO'MA,  Ecpto'rie,  Excidcn'tia  /  from  «- 
wtwru,  4 1  fall  out'  This  word  has  been  used  in 
various  senses.  1.  Synonymously  with  luxation. 
2.  For  the  separation  of  gangrenous  parts.  3. 
For  the  expulsion  of  the  secundines.  4.  For  the 
prolapsus  of  the  womb :  and  5.  For  intestinal  or 
omental  hernia,  Ac. 

ECPTOSIS,  Luxation. 

ECPYCTICA,  Inorassantia. 

ECPYEMA,  Abscess,  Suppuration,  Empyema. 

BCPYESIS,  Absoess,  Empyema,  Pustule— e. 


Impetigo,  Impetigo — e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo—-*.  P«r- 
rigo  Crustacea,  Porrigo  larvalis — e.  Porrigo  favosa, 
Porrigo  favosa— e.  Porrigo  furfuracea,  Porrigo 
furfurans  —  e.  Porrigo  galeata,  Porrigo  scutulata 
— e.  Porrigo  lupin  osa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — e.  Sca- 
bies, Psora. 

ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

ECPYISCONTUS,  Suppurative. 

tiCREVlSSE,  Crab. 

EC  REX' IS,  Ruptu'ra,  from  tKprtywfu,  'to 
break.'    Rupture,  laceration. 

ECRHYTH'MUS,  or,  and  pvSftoi,  'rhythm.' 
A  term  applied  to  the  pulse,  particularly  when 
irregular. — Galen. 

ECROE,  Discharge. 

&CR  0  UELLES,  Scrofula — L  Mieentiriqnee, 
Tabes  mesenteries* 

EC'RYSIS,  from  upm,  'I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
charge. 

ECSARCO'MA,  from  «r,  and  aafo  'flesh.'  A 
fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.  See  Fun- 
gosity  and  Sarcoma. 

ECSESMA,  Eczema. 

EC'STASIS,  from  cftsra/Mc,  'I  am  beside  my- 
self.' An  ec'ttaty  or  trance,  Carue  ec'etaeie,  Cat*- 
ochut,  Ex' statu,  Catalep'ria  epu'ria,  Hyperplexie, 
(F.)  Extaee.  A  state  in  which  certain  ideas  so 
completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the  external 
sensations  are  suspended,  the  voluntary  move- 
ments arrested,  and  even  the  vital  action  re- 
tarded. In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  addition,  com- 
plete suspension  of  the  intellectual  faculties. 
This  last  condition  is  in  general  described  as 
trance.     See,  also,  luxation. 

ECSTROPHE,  Exstrophia. 

ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Varix. 

EC'TASIS,  Extension,  Expansion. 

Ec'tasis  I'ridis,  is  the  extension  or  expansion 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of  the 
pupil. 

ECTEXIS,  Colliquation. 

ECTHGTOBREPHOTROPHEUM,  Brepho- 
tropheum. 

ECTHLIM'MA,  Exulcera'tio,  from  c«*>i0«,  'I 
express,'  'I  bruise.'  Attrition.  Chafings,  or 
excoriations,  produced  by  external  violence,— 
Hippocrates. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 

ECTHYMA  or  ECTHY'MA,  from  tttom,  'I 
break  out'  Ecpye'eie,  Phlyti*  ecthyma,  PA/ywr*- 
cia  a'gria,  Sca'biee  Vera,  Furun'culi  at  on' id, 
(F.)  Dartre  cruetacte,  D.  fongueuee.  A  cutane- 
ous eruption,  characterised  by  large  round  pus- 
tules, always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indu- 
rated and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive-brown  incrustations  are  formed  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in  about 
a  fortnight  The  disease  requires  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment  Under  the  Ecthymata,  Vogel 
has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tumours, 
which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin.  See  Ef- 
florescence, Exanthem,  and  Pustule. 

ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory. 

ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Ecoope,  Entaille,  Ex- 
cision. 

ECTOMIA,  Castration,  Eccope. 

ECTOMIUS,  Castratus. 

ECTONION,  Hellebores  niger. 

ECTOPARASITES,  Episoa. 

ECTOP'IA,  Ectop'iti;  Ectopiemue,  EntocSU, 
from  crroro;,  'out  of  place.'  Morbid  displace- 
ment of  parts.    See  Luxation. 


ECTOPOCYSTICUS 


313 


EFFERENT 


Ectopia  Am,  Proctocele. 

Ectopia  Cordis,  Cardianaa'trophi.  Displace- 
ment, dislocation,  or  unnatural  position  of  the 
heart 

Ectopia  Herniosa,  Hernia. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,  from  cmro*  'out  of 
place/  and  mens,  '  bladder.'  A  disease  depend- 
ent npon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 

ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic. 

ECTOZO'A,  Extozo'a,  Extotoa'ria,  (F.)  Exto- 
woairee.  Parasitic  animals  that  infest  the  exterior 
of  the  body, — as  lice.  A  term  which,  like  Hel- 
min'thia  erratica  and  Peeudohelmin'tkes,  is  ap- 

C"  »d  to  worms  or  larves  of  insects  that  have 
n  introduced  into  the  intestinal  canal  by  ac- 
cident. Animalcules,  most  frequently  swallowed, 
are  the  hairworm,  leech,  grub  of  the  fly,  caddy 
insect — Phala'na  penguina'lis ;  the  larve  of  the 
bee,  the  spider,  the  triton  palus'trie,  laeer'ta 
aquafica,  <kc.  In  animals,  bots  are  produced  by 
swallowing  the  ova  of  the  astrvs  or  gadfly.  See 
Helminth  ia  erratica. 

ECTRIM'MA,  from  acrpifa,  'I  rub  off.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  skin ;  and  particularly  that  which 
arises  from  the  pressure  of  the  bed  on  different 
parts  of  the  body,  after  a  protracted  confinement 
—Hippocrates. 

ECTRODACTYL'IA  ;  from  exrpuets,  'abortion,' 
and  iaKTvXos,  'a  finger.'  A  malformation,  in  which 
one  or  more  fingers  or  toes  are  wanting. 

ECTROMA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES;  from  ucrpueit,  'abortion,' 
and  ftt\o{,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in 
which  the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  deficient, 
as  in  the  ordinary  cetaeea. — J.  G.  St  Hilaire. 

EC'TROPE,  Diverticulum,  from  e*rpt*»,  'I 
torn  off/  '  divert'  Any  duct  by  which  peccant 
or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to  be  drawn  off. 
—Hippocrates. 

ECTROP'ION,  same  etymon.  Eetrop'ium, 
Evtr'sio  pal'pebra,  Blepharopto'nt  Eetro'pium, 
Blepharoto'sis,  Pal'pebra  in/e'rior  ertror'sum 
JUxa,  Divarica'tio  seu  Reflex' io  sea  Beclina'tio 
palpebrarum,  (F.)  Eraillement  des  Paupttres, 
Menvertement  dee  Paupicres.  Eversion  of  the 
eyelids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely  oover  the 
globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more  commonly  to 
the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eyelid.  It  may  be 
owing  to  the  retraction  of  the  skin,  after  the  cure 
of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  of  the  eyelid ;  or  it 
may  depend  on  tumefaction  or  relaxation  of  the 
conjunctiva.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  removal 
of  a  portion  of  the  conjunctiva  will  effect  a  cure; 
but  there  are  many  which  defy  the  efforts  of  art 
The  ancients  oalled  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid 
lagophthalmia. 

ECTROSIS,  Abortion. 

ECTROSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,  from  ucrptepa,  (en,  and  rirpcmrt*, 
'I  wound/)  'abortion.'  Eetrot'icue,  Abortive.  An 
epithet  applied  to  methods  for  preventing  the 
development  or  causing  the  abortion  of  any  dis- 
ease—  as  of  chancres  by  the  use  of  caustic; 
■mall-pox  pustules  by  the  use  of  mercurial  oint- 
ment, Ac. 

ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretic. 

ECTYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 

HCUMEUX,  Frothy. 

&CUSSONS.  'Escutcheons  or  shields.'  Plas- 
ters spread  upon  the  skin ;  or  small  bags — sachets 
—of  the  shape  of  escutcheons,  filled  with  odorous 
powders,  whioh  are  applied  on  the  skin.  See 
Sachet. 

ECZEMA,  from  «*£«,  'I  boil  out,'  'I  effer- 
vesce.' Eetes'ma,  Ecsef'ma,  Pus' tula  ardent,  Cy- 
t&ma    Eczema,  Humid  Tetter,  Running  Scall, 


(F.)  Dartre  sauammsuee  kmmids,  D.  view,  QaU 
f.pidimique.  Heat  eruption.  An  eruption  of  small 
vesicles  on  various  parts  of  the  skin,  usually  set 
close  or  crowded  together ;  with  little  or  no  in- 
flammation around  their  bases,  and  unattended 
by  fever. 

Ec'zbma  Mercuria'lS,  Ec'tcma  rvbrum,  Ery- 
the' ma  mer  curia' le,  E.  ichoro'&um,  Hydrargyria, 
Hydrargyro'eis,  Hydrargyria*'*,  Morbus  mercu- 
ria'lis,  Mcreu'rial  lepra.  A  variety  of  eczema, 
arising  from  the  irritation  of  mercury.  The  treat- 
ment is  chiefly  palliative,  consisting  in  ablution 
with  mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions ;  mild 
dressings,  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated;  avoid- 
ing all  irritation ;  keeping  the  bowels  open;  with 
the  use  of  sulphuric  aoid  and  cinchona.  The 
Ec'zema  Tmpetigino'dee,  Call,  or  Qroeer*e  Itch,  is 
produced  by  the  irritation  of  sugar. 

Eczema  of  thb  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 
and  occurring  in  young  children,  has  been  de- 
scribed under  the  names  Crueta  lactea  and  Per- 
rigo  larvalis. 

Eczema  of  the  Hatrt  Scalp  is  often  con- 
founded with  other  affections,  under  the  names 
Porrigo  and  Tinea,  which  are  pustular,  not  vesi- 
cular, in  their  form.  It  occurs  during  dentition, 
and  even  afterwards,  and  the  discharge  is  so  pro- 
fuse, that  the  head  appears  as  if  dipped  in  some 
glutinous  liquid.  By  and  by,  the  secretion  dries 
into  crusts  and  mats  the  hair  into  little  separate 
tufts.  The  scalp  gives  evidence  of  inflammatory 
excitement,  and  the  lymphatic  ganglions  of  the 
neck  are  apt  to  become  inflamed  and  suppurate. 

A  variety  of  humid  soalled  head,  in  which  the 
humour  from  the  excoriated  surface  runs  down 
upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  little  silvery 
pellioles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the  name  Asbcs- 
toe  ScalL 

Eczema  Rttbrum,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

ECZEMATO'SES,  (6.)  Eozematosen,  same 
etymon.  A  family  of  diseases,  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  Fuchs,  including  morbid  conditions  of  the 
cutaneous  secretions — as  of  the  perspiration,  se- 
baceous and  colouring  matters,  Ac,  and  hence 
many  chronio  cutaneous  affections.  His  subdi- 
visions are,  ephidroses,  emegmorrhcta,  acarpes, 
polycarpa  and  monocarpa. 

ECZESIS,  Effervescens. 

ECZESMA,  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 

EDEMATOUS,  (Edematous.   - 

EDENTATUS,  Edentulus. 

EDENTULI,  Nefrendes. 

EDEN'TULOUS,  Eden'tulue,  Edenta'tue,  from 
e,  and  dene,  dentie,  '  a  tooth.'  Ano'due,  Carene 
den'tibue,  Node;  Nodus,  (F.)  Edenti.  One  with- 
out teeth.  This  defect  can  only  be  remedied  by 
artificial  means.    See  Nefrendes. 

EDERA,  Hedera  helix. 

EDIBLE,  Esculent 

EDUCATIO  INFANTUM,  Psodia. 

EDULCOKA'TION,  Glycan'eie,  Edulcora'tio, 
from  eduleorare,  (dulcie,  'sweet,')  'to  sweeten/ 
'to  render  mild.'  An  operation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its  acrid  and 
disagreeable  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise  it  Also, 
the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance  to  a  me- 
dicine, whose  taste  it  is  desirable  to  modify 
agreeably. 

JEDULE,  Comestible. 

EDULIS,  Comestible. 

EFFERENT,  Ef'ferene,  Centrifugal,  Exotfic, 
from  effero,  (e,  and  ferro,)  'I  carry/  'transport' 
Conveying  outwards,  as  from  the  ceafre  to  the 
periphery. 

Vaea  efferent tia  are  those  lymphatics,  whioh 
issue  from  the  lymphatic  glands  to  convey  their 


EFFERVESCENCE 


3U 


BISTHANTHBMA 


lymph  to  the  thoracic  duct ;  so  called  to  distin- 
guish them  from  those  which  pass  to  those  glands, 
Mid  whioh  hare  been  termed  vasa  afferen'tia. 
Alio,  nerves  are  so  called  that  convey  the  ner- 
Tons  influence  from  the  nervous  centres  to  the 
circumference.     See  Afferent 

At  the  upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum 
testis,  the  ducts  of  the  rete  testis  terminate  in 
from  9  to  30  small  ducts,  called  vasa  efferentia, 
which  form  the  Coni  vasculo'si. 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescen'tia,  Zesis, 
Ec' zesis,  from  effervescere,  (e,  and  fertescere,)  'to 
grow  hot'  That  agitation,  which  is  produced  by 
the  escape  of  gas  through  a  liquid,  independently 
of  the  heat  of  the  mixture  ,•  such,  for  instance,  as 
results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  potassa. 

In  Pathology  it  has  a  similar  signification.  It 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humourists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living  body, 
produced  either  by  elevation  of  temperature  or 
by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the  principles 
contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

EFFETUS,  Impoverished. 

EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'ficax,  from  efficere,  (e, 
and  facere,)  '  to  accomplish/  That  which  pro- 
duces a  great  effect,— as  '  an  efficacious  remedy.' 

Medici'na  efficax,  La  Ifidecine  efficace,  is  a 
term  sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLATUS,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORES'CENCE,  Efflora'tio,  Efflorescen'- 
tia,  from  efflorescere,  («,  and  fforescere^)  '  to  blow 
as  a  flower.'  Stribili'go,  Ecthy'ma.  The  conver- 
sion of  a  solid  substance  into  a  pulverulent  state 
by  exposure  to  the  air.  In  salts  this  is  generally 
owing  to  the  loss  of  a  part  of  their  water  of  cry- 
stallization. 

In  Pathology,  efflorescence  has  the  same  mean- 
ing as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology  of  Sau- 
yages,  the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of  diseases. 
Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cutaneous  blush, 
the  exanthe'sis  of  Good. 

EFFLORESCENCE  £r  YSIPihATEVSE, 
Roseolas. 

EFFLORESCENTIA,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORESCENTL«,  iUvures. 

EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation  —  e.  Latrinarium, 
Mitte — e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  Marsh. 

EFFLUXION,  Abortion. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and/ortt«,  'strong.)  Xisus,  Co- 
na'tus,  Pet ra.  A  muscular  contraction  of  greater 
or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is,  either  to 
resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accomplish  a  func- 
tion, which  has  become  naturally  laborious: — 
such  are,  the  aot  of  pushing  away,  or  of  drawing 
a  body  toward  us,  and  the  more  or  less  painful 
efforts  used  by  the  mother  to  cause  the  expulsion 
of  the  foetus.  In  France,  the  word  effort  is  often 
used  synonymously  with  hernia;  and  signifies, 
likewise,  the  painful  twitches  of  muscles,  occa- 
sioned by  over-exertion,  or  by  the  rupture  of 
some  of  their  fleshy  fibres.  Sauvages  calls  Efforts 
des  reins,  Lumba'go  &  nisu,  the  pain  in  the  loins 
occasioned  by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 

EFFORT,  Hernia— e.  des  Reins,  see  Effort 

EFFOSSIO,  Exhumation. 

EFFRACTURA,  Ecpiesma. 

Effractu'ra  Cranii,  Enthla'sis  Cra'nii,  Frac- 
ture of  the  Cranium,  with  depression. — Pare". 

EFFRENITATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 

EFFUSJO,  Effusion— e.  Seminis  Ejaculation. 

EFFU'SION,£/i*'«0,£c'cAym,  from  effundere, 
(«,  and  fundere,)  'to  pour  out'  (F.)  Epanche- 
mwnt,  (Infiltration  is  the  term  generally  employed 


for  effusion  into  the  areolar  membrane.)  The 
pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid  into 
the  areolar  membrane,  or  into  the  cavities  of  the 
body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coaguiabU 
lymph,  for  instance,  is  a  common  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  serous  membranes. 

JSGAR&,  Wild. 

&QAREMENT  V'ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EGER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity 
of  Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs. 
One  of  the  most  frequented  of  these  is  Franzens- 
bad. 

EGE'RIA.  In  ancient  mythology,  a  nymph 
to  whom  pregnant  females  offered  sacrifices  «l 
eonceptus  alvus  facilius  egeretur.  By  some,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  identical  with  Lucina. 

EGESTA,  see  Excretion. 

EGESTAS,  Want 

EGESTIO,  Defecation,  Dejection,  Excretion. 

EGG-BRANDY,  see  Ovum. 

EGG  PLANT,  Solannm  melongena— e.  White 
of,  Albumen  ovi. 

EGLANT1ER  DE  CH1EN,  Rosa  canina— «. 
Sauvage,  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBRONCHOPHONY,  see  Egophony. 

JSGOPHONE,  Egophony. 

EGOPH'ONIC,  uEgopho'nicus,  (F.)  Egoplo- 
nique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  Having  the 
character  of,  or  relating  to,  egophony. 

&QOPHONIQUE,  Egophonic. 

EGOPH'ONY,  jEgopho'nia,  from  «t£,  'a  goat/ 
and  Qtavri,  '  voice.'  Caprilo'quium,  Tragopho'nia, 
Goat's  Voice,  Bleating  Voice,  (F.)  Voijc  chSoro- 
tante,  V.  igophonique,  V.  de  Polichinelle,  V.  s4- 
nils,  Pectoriloquie  chfvrotante.  La  en  nee  has  de- 
signated by  this  name,  the  kind  of  resonance  of  the 
voice  heard  through  the  stethoscope,  when  we  ex- 
amine the  chest  of  one  labouring  under  moderate 
effusion  into  one  of  the  pleurae.  The  voice,  which 
strikes  the  ear  through  the  cylinder,  is  more 
sharp  and  harsh  than  usual,  and  tremulous  and 
broken,  like  that  of  the  goat  The  patient  him- 
self is  called  Egophone,  Bouillaud  affirms  that 
the  'bronchial  and  bleating  voice,'  (fgobroncko- 
phonie)  is  the  principal  symptom  of  pleuropneu- 
monia. Egophony  exists,  however,  in  cases  of 
hepatization  where  there  is  no  pleural  disease. 

EGREGOR'SIS,  VigiVia,  Vigtli'a,  Vigilan'tia, 
Vigila'tio,  Vigil'ium,  from  typiyoptw,  '  I  watch.' 
Watchfulness.    A  morbid  want  of  sleep. — Galen. 

EGRESSUS  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 

EIDOS,  uios,  'form,  resemblance.'  The  «  is 
often  changed  into  <*,  at  the  termination  of  a 
word.   Thus,  ff anna  toV  des  or  Hamato'dcs. 

EILAMIDES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  «Awj,  Ifeus,  («Xru,  'I  roll,') 
' a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to  the 
sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail  driven 
into  the  part 

EILEON,  Heon. 

EILEUS,  Hens. 

EILOID,  (Tumour,)  EiloVdes,  from  «>«#,  'I 
roll,'  and  ufa,  'resemblance.'  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  folded. 

EILSEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  EOsen 
is  about  six  German  miles  from  Hanover,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Harrelberg.  It  has  eleven  springs, 
of  which  seven  are  sulphureous  and  four  chaly- 
beate. 

EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  internum,  En- 
tan  the' ma,  from  ttc,  'within,'  and  avth/t*,  'efflo- 
resoence.'  An  eruption  on  a  mucous  membrane; 
— aphtha?,  for  example. 


BISBOLH 


315 


ELECTRICITY 


BIS  BOLE,  Attack,  Injection, 

EISPNOE,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation  — e.  Seminis  Im- 
pedita,  Bradyspermatismus. 

EJACULATION,  Ejacula'txo,  from  e,  and/a- 
tnlare, — itself  from  jacere,  'to  throw.'  QonoboVia, 
Qonobolii'  mus,  Ejactdatio  seu  Prof u*  no  ien  Effu'- 
fio  Sem'inis,  Expatra'tio,  Patra'tio,  Spermob'oli. 
The  emission  of  sperm.  The  act,  by  which  that 
fluid  is  darted  out  through  the  urethra. 

EJAC'ULATOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
effects  the  emission  of  sperm.  See  TransTersus 
perinaei. 

Ejacflator  SuMnns,  Accelerator  urines. 

EJAC'ULATORY,  Ejacnla'toriua,  Ejac'ularu: 
same  etymon.  Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of 
Sperm. 

Ejacflatokt  Ducts  or  Cajals,  (E.)  Conduit* 
on  Canaux  fjaculatcurt,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts  of  the  vesi- 
oulm  seminales.  They  open  at  the  lateral  and  ante- 
rior parts  of  the  verumontanum,  and  convey  into 
the  urethra  the  sperm  which  is  discharged  from 
the  vesiculae,  as  well  as  that  which  comes  directly 
from  the  testicle  by  the  vas  deferens.  Between 
them  there  is  often  a  depression,  sometimes  of  a 
large  size,  which  is  termed  Utric'ulve,  Veei'ea  sen 
veric'ula  proatat'ica  seu  Sinus  pocula'rin,  which 
has  been  regarded  as  the  analogue  to  the  uterus 
in  the  female,  and  thence  called  Vtertu  nuueu- 
ICnits. 

EJECTIO,  Excretion— e.  Fsecum,  Defecation. 

EJECTION,  Ejec'tio,  from  ejicere,  (e,  and  ja- 
cere,) '  to  throw  out  or  eject.'  The  excretion  of 
the  faeces,  urine,  sputa,  Ac. 

EL  NISPERO,  Sapota. 

ELABORATION,  Elabora'tio,  from  «,  and 
labornre,  'to  work.'  This  word  is  used,  by  phy- 
siologists, to  signify  the  various  changes  which 
substances  susceptible  of  assimilation  undergo, 
through  the  action  of  living  organs,  before  they 
are  capable  of  serving  for  nutrition.  The  food  is 
said  to  be  elaborated  in  the  stomach  during  the 
formation  of  chyme ;  the  chyme  is  elaborated  in 
the  small  intestine  before  it  is  ehyle,  Ac. 

ELJ?A.  Olea  Europaea. 

ELJEAGNUS,  Myrica  gale— e.  Cordo,  Myrica 
gale. 

ELJ30CARPUS  COPALIFERA,  Copal. 

ELiEOM'BLI,  from  t\atov,  'oil/  and  /icX<, 
'honey/  Dioscorides  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  which 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author. — 
Gorresns. 

EL^OM'ETER,  from  tXaiov,  'oil,'  and  fitrpov, 
'measure/  A  very  delicate  glass  hydrometer,  for 
testing  the  purity  of  olive  or  almond  oil,  by  de- 
termining their  densities.  The  0  or  zero  of  the 
scale  is  the  point  at  which  the  instrument  floats 
In  the  oil  of  poppy  seeds.  In  pure  olive  oil,  it 
floats  at  50°,  and  the  space  between  these  points 
is  divided  into  50  equal  parts,  and  numbered  ac- 
cordingly. It  floats  at  38°  or  38 J°  in  pure  oil  of 
almonds. 

EL^ON,  on. 

ELJSOPH'ANES,  from  t\aiov,  'oil,'  and  faivo- 
«ai,  '  I  appear/  That  which  has  the  appearance 
of  oil ;  as  Vri'na  eUBoph,ane&. 

ELjEO-SAC'CHARUM,  from  tXmov,  'oil,'  and 
9a*xaP'  'sugar/  O'leo-Sac'charum,  Bal'$amo- 
Sae'chamm.  A  medicine,  composed  of  essential 
oil  and  sugar.  It  was  made  by  pouring  upon  an 
ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to  an  impalpable  pow- 
der, £as  or  3J  of  an  essential  oil ;  the  mixture 


being  tritarated  until  the  two  substances  w*re 
perfectly  united. — Rolfink. 

ELAIN,  see  Pinguodo. 

ELAIS  GUINEENSIS,  seeCocos  butyraoea— 
e.  Occidentals,  see  Cocos  butyraeea. 

ELAN,  Cervns  alces. 

JSLANOEMENT,  see  Lancinating. 

ELAPHOBOSCUM,  Pastinaea  sativa. 

ELAPHRIUM  ELEMIFERUM,  see  Amyrii 
elemifera— e.  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 

ELAPSUS,  Luxation. 

ELAS'MA,  from  «Xavvw,  'I  drive  up/  A  olystsc 
pipe. — Linden. 

ELASTES,  Elasticity. 

ELASTICITY,  Elaetic"itae,  EVater,  EMtf, 
El' ate;  Vis  elaJtica,  Tone,  Tomc"itif,  (P.)  Con- 
tractiliU  de  Tiuu,  Contractilitt  par  dffaut  d'ex- 
teneion,  from  tXavvid,  '  I  impel/  The  property  by 
which  certain  bodies  return  to  their  proper  size 
and  shape,  where  these  have  been  modified  by 
pressure  or  otherwise.  It  is  possessed  by  the 
dead  as  well  as  by  the  living  solid. 

ELATE,  Pinus  picea— e.  Theleia,  Pinus  rubra* 

ELATER,  Elasticity. 

ELATERINE,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATERIUM,  Extractum  elaterii,  Momordica 
elaterium— e.  Cordifolium,  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATES,  Elasticity. 

ELATIN,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATINE,  Antirhinum  elatine — e.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria— e.  Hastata,  Antirhinum 
elatine. 

ELBOW,  Sax,  elbo^a,  from  ell,  and  bow;  the 
bend  of  the  ulna.  Cu'bittu,  Ancon,  Pcchyt,  Ulna, 
Umbo,  (F.)  Coude.  This  word,  abstractedly, 
means  tne  angle  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
straight  bodies.  It  is  particularly  applied  to  the 
articulation  of  the  arm  with  the  forearm,  and 
especially  to  the  projection  formed  by  the  ole- 
cranon process  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  joint 

Elbow,  Miners',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 

EL  COMA,  Ulcer. 

ELCO'SIS,  Helco'rie,  Elco'ma,  Helco'ma,  from 
'iXkos,  'an  ulcer/  Ulceration  in  general.  An 
ulcer.  A  deep  ulceration  of  the  cornea,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  blow  or  of  violent  inflammation.— 
Galen,  Pari. 

Sauvages  applies  the  term  to  a  state  of  the 
body,  in  which  there  are  numerous  ulcerations  of 
an  obstinate  character,  complicated  with  caries, 
putrescency,  low  fever,  Ac 

ELCUSTER,  Embrynlcus. 

ELDER,  Sambucus  —  e.  Common,  Sambucus 
Canadensis — e.  Dwarf,  Aralia  hispida,  Sambucus 
ebulus — e.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium. 

ELECTRICITAS,  Electricity  —  e.  Animalis, 
Galvanism — e.  Galvanic*,  Galvanism— «.  Metal- 
lica,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRICITY,  Electric"  itae,  from  aWrpw, 
'  amber/ — the  substance  in  which  it  was  first  no- 
ticed. Electricity  is  used  medicinally  as  an  ex- 
citant It  has  been  occasionally  employed  with 
success  in  paralysis,  rheumatism,  accidental  deaf- 
ness, amaurosis,  amenorrhoea,  Ac.,  but  it  is  un- 
certain, and  not  much  used ;  and  the  cases  are  not 
always  clear  in  which  it  could  be  of  service. 
It  may  be  communicated  by  means  of  the  electric 
bath— Bain  Slectriave,  as  it  has  been  called; 
which  consists  in  placing  the  patient  upon  an 
isolated  stool,  and  connecting  him  with  the  prime 
conductor,  of  which  he  thus  becomes  a  part  The 
fluid  may  be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or 
by  shocks,  according  to  the  required  intensity. 

Ejjlctricitt,  Chkiticax,  Galvanism  —  e.  Con- 
tact, Galvanism  —  e.  Magnetic,  Electro-Magne* 
tism— e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 


ELECTRIFY 


816 


£l£vateur 


BLEC'TRIFY,  from  electric,  and  fio,  '1 
make.'  (F.)  £lectriser.  To  produce  the  electri- 
cal condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  suscep- 
tible of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It  is 
often  used  to  signify  the  act  of  oomBMtnicating 
the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

J2LECTRISER,  to  electrify. 

ELECTRO'DES,  from  hXsktoov,  '  amber/  and 
nioi,  *  resemblance/  An  epithet  for  evacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. — Hippocrates. — Foe'sius. 

ELECTRO  -MAG'NETISM,  Magnetic  elec- 
tric" ity.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  convenient 
form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved  perma- 
nent magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature,  around 
whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  fine  insulated 
copper  wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of  the  wire 
communicate  respectively,  with  a  pair  of  directors, 
each  of  which  holds  a  piece  of  sponge,  dipped  in 
vinegar  or  a  solution  of  common  salt  When 
the  armature  is  rotated,  and  a  portion  of  the 
body  is  interposed  between  the  directors,  a  suc- 
cession of  shocks  is  received. 

ELECTROPUNC'TURE,#kc*ropuneftira'tfon, 
Electrostix'is,  Gal'vanopuncture.  The  operation 
of  inserting  two  or  more  wires,  and  then  connec- 
ting them  to  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  apparatus. 

ELECTROSTIXIS,  Electropuncture. 

ELECTRUM,  Succinum. 

ELECTUAIRE  DENTIFRICE,  Dentifrice. 

ELECTUA'RIUM,  Electa'rium;  an  Electuary, 
from  eligere,  '  to  make  choice.'  (F.)  Jtlectuaire. 
A  pharmaceutical  composition  of  a  soft  consist- 
ence, somewhat  thicker  than  honey,  and  formed 
of  powders,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup,  honey,  Ac. 
In  the  London  and  American  Pharmacopoeias, 
electuaries  are  called  Confections. 

Electuariux  de  Aloe,  Opiatum  mesentericum 
— e.  Apericns,  Confectio  sennae— e.  Aromaticum, 
Confectio  aromatica — e.  Cassiae,  Confectio  cassia) 
— e.  Cassiae  fistulas,  Confectio  cassiae — e.  Cassiae 
sennae,  Confectio  sennae — e.  Cassiae  tamarindatum 
■eu  lenitivum,  Confectio  cassiae  —  e.  Catholicum 
communte,  Confectio  sennae — e.  Cinchonas,  Opia- 
tum febrifugnm — e.  de  Crooo  erne  n  datum,  Confec- 
tio hyacinthi — e.  Diaprunum,  Confectio  sennae — 
e.  Eccoproticum,  Confectio  senate  —  e.  de  Kina 
kina,  Opiatum  febrifugnm  —  e.  Laxativum,  Con- 
fectio cassiae — e.  Lenitivum,  Confectio  sennae  — 
e.  Opiatum,  Confectio  opii  —  e.  Scammonii,  Con- 
fectio ScammonisB  —  e.  e  Scammonio,  Confectio 
scammoni»  —  e.  Sennae,  Confectio  sennae  —  e. 
Sennas  compositum,  Confectio  sennae— e.  Sennra 
cum  pulpis,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Thebaioum,  Con- 
fectio opii. 

ELEENCJSPHALE,  from  tkatov,  'oil,'  and 
cycc^aXov,  '  encephalon.'  A  fatty  matter  found  by 
Couerbe  in  the  encephalic  ne urine. 

ELELISPHACOS,  Salvia. 

EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum,  from  ancient  eleo 
for  oleo,  '  to  grow/  (?)  Princip'ium,  P.  Primiti'- 
vum,  Stochei'on.  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms  the 
basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constituent  of 
a  compound  organ.  The  inorganic  elements  are 
•imple  principles.  An  organic  element,  proxi- 
mate principle  or  compound  of  organisation,  re- 
sults from  the  union  of  certain  inorganic  ele- 
ments. Oxygon,  hydrogen,  carbon,  and  azote, 
are  inorganic  elements;  fibrin,  albumen,  osma- 
fome,  Ac,  organic  elements. 

Elements,  Organic,  Principles,  Immediate  — 
a.  Sarcous,  see  Sarcous. 

ELEMENTARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 

ELEMENTUM  ACIDIFICUM,  Oxygen. 

ELEMI,  Amyris  elemifera. 

ELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 


ELEOSELINTJM,  Apium  petroselinum. 

ELEPHANTIASIS,  Elephanti'a,  Elephan- 
tias'mus,  El'ephas,  Laz'ari  morbus  vel  malum, 
Phamic"eus  morbus,  Phumato'sis  Elephantiasis, 
from  tXtfae,  'an  elephant.'  Various  affections 
have  been  described  under  this  name,  by  adding 
an  epithet  It  is  ordinarily  and  generically  ap- 
plied to  a  condition,  in  which  the  skin  is  thick, 
livid,  rugous,  tuberculate,  and  insensible  to  feeling. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Antilles,  Barba'does 
Leg,  Glandular  disease  of  Barbadoes,  (F.)  Jambee 
de  Barbade,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Bucne'mia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen;  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugose,  often  scaly;  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  affection.  The  Bucne'mia  Trop'ica,  Cochin 
leg,  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

Elephantiasis  Arab'ica,  Maladie  glandu- 
laire,  Ladrerie,  Tyri'asis,  El'ephas,  Elephanti- 
asis, E.  In'dica,  Elephanti'a  Ar'abum,  Lepra 
Arabum,  (of  some.)  In  this  the  tubercles  are 
chiefly  on  the  face  and  joints.  There  is  loss  of 
hair,  except  on  the  scalp;  voice,  hoarse  and  nasal; 
and  the  disease  is  said  to  be  contagious  and  he- 
reditary. It  most  frequently  attacks  the  feet; 
and  gives  the  lower  extremity  a  fancied  resem- 
blance to  the  leg  of  an  elephant,  whence  its 
name.  The  seat  of  the  disease  seems  to  be  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  glands,  and  in  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue :  the  inflammatory  con- 
dition of  which  is  accompanied  with  general 
morbid  symptoms.  Medicine  has  little  or  no 
effect  on  this  loathsome  complaint.     See  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne,  3fal  rouge  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  charac- 
terized by  red  and  yellow  spots,  occupying  the 
forehead,  ears,  hands,  loins,  Ac,  afterwards  ex- 
tending and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity  of 
the  parts  where  they  are  seated,  particularly  of 
the  face ;  and  ultimately  producing  cracks,  ulcers, 
caries,  and  sometimes  death. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Greeks,  E.  Grasco'- 
rum,  is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  India  is  characterized  by 
red,  livid,  or  yellowish  spots,  slightly  prominent, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in  the 
areolar  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  period  the 
phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated ;  the  bones 
of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened,  and  ema- 
ciation gradually  carries  off  the  patient.  It  like- 
wise belongs  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  Scrofulous  tu- 
mefactions. These  tumours  ulcerate,  and  the 
ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  towards 
the  trunk,  destroying  even  the  bones.  Amputa- 
tion can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and  by  an 
eruption  of  red  spots. 

ELEPHANTI'NUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  RX*- 
Qavrtvov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  30 
parts  of  ceruss,  45  of  wax,  oil  Ibss,  wafer  Ibj. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  they  are  by  no  means 
similar  in  composition. 

ELEPHANTOMMA,  Buphthalmia. 

ELEPHAN'TOPUS,  (F.)  tiltphantope ;  from 
eXc^ac,  'elephant,'  and  vovs,  'foot.'  One  affected 
with  elephantiasis. 

ELEPHAS,  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 

ELETTARIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum 
cardamomum. 

ELEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

JilAvATEUR,  Elevator—*,  Gommm* de  frOf 


ELEVATOR 


sir 


ELIXIR 


du  nea  et  de  la  Uvre  *up4rieur«,  Lerator  labii  su- 
perioris  alssque  nasi — t.del'CEil,  Rectus  superior 
oeoli — i.  de  la  Paupiere  supirieure,  Levator  pal- 
pebral superioris. 

ELEVA'TOR,  from  elevare,  («,  and  levare,) 
4  to  lift  up.'  (F.)  Jtltvateur.  A  muscle,  whose 
function  it  is  to  raise  the  part  into  which  it  is  in- 
serted.    See  Lerator. 

Elevator,  Elevato'rium,  Vectie  eUvato'riu*. 
A  name  given  to  different  surgical  instruments 
employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone  which 
have  been  depressed,  for  raising  and  detaching 
the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  the  crown  of 
the  trepan,  and  for  removing  stumps  of  teeth. 

Elevator  Ani,  Levator  ani — o.  Labii  inferio- 
ris,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  e.  Labii  superioris 
proprius,  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius  —  e. 
Labiorum  communis,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e. 
Oouli,  Rectus  superior  oouli — e.  Patientias,  Leva- 
tor scapulas  —  e.  Scapulae,  Levator  scapulas  —  e. 
Testiculi,  Cremaster — e.  Urethras,  see  Transver- 
sa* perinssi. 

Elevator,  Commo*.  This  is  a  mere  lever,  the 
end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made  rough, 
in  order  that  it  may  less  readily  slip  away  from 
the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be  raised.  The 
instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a  fulcrum  for  it, 
either  on  the  hand  which  holds  it,  or  upon  the 
fingers  of  the  other  hand;  or  by  making  a  fixed 
point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the  opening  made  with 
the  trephine. 

Elevator  of  Loins  differed  from  the  last  only 
in  the  circumstance  of  the  screw-peg  being  united 
to  the  bridge  by  a  kind  of  pivot  instead  of  hinge, 
so  that  greater  extent  of  motion  was  permitted. 

Elevator  op  Petit  consists  of  a  lever  mounted 
on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its  whole 
length,  except  at  its  very  end,  which  is  slightly 
curved,  in  order  that  it  may  be  more  conveni- 
ently put  under  the  portion  of  bone  intended  to 
be  elevated.  The  lever  is  pierced  at  various  dis- 
tances from  its  but-end  with  several  holes,  in- 
tended for  the  reception  of  a  movable  screw-peg, 
fixed  on  the  top  of  a  kind  of  bridge.  This  part 
of  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch,  the  ends 
of  which  are  long,  and  covered  with  small  pads, 
and  on  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg  already  men- 
tioned. By  means  of  these  holes  the  arm  of  the 
lever  can  be  lengthened  at  pleasure. 

Elevator,  Trip'loid,  Vectie  triploVde:  This 
was  so  called  from  its  consisting  of  three  branches, 
-  uniting  above  in  one  common  trunk.  The  latter 
part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw,  having  below 
a  kind  of  hook,  and  above  a  handle  for  turning 
it  By  turning  the  screw,  the  hook  was  drawn 
np,  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 

The  simplo  lever  is  the  only  one  now  used, 
owing  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advantages  in 
the  use  of  the  others. 

&LJtVE  EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon— L 
Interne,  Ilouse-surgoon. 

ELEVURES  (F.),  EJjtoreecentia.  A  generic 
namo,  including  all  the  exanthemata,  in  which 
there  is  tumefaction  of  the  tissue  of  the  skin. 
Seo  Exanthem. 

ELIASTER,Ilech. 

ELICIIRYSUM,  Solidago  virgaurea—e.  Mon- 
tanum,  Antcnnaria  dioica. 

ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris. 

ELIGMA.  Eulectos. 

ELIQUATIO,  Colliquation. 

ELIXA'TIO,  Epae'si;  from  elixue,  'boiled,' 
'sodden.'  This  word  has  been  used  synony- 
mously with  Decoction.     The  act  of  boiling. 

BLIX'IR,  Irir,  Ixir,  Quelle;  Alex*ir.  The 
etymology  of  this  word  is  not  clear.  Lemery 
derives  it  from  caxu,  'I  extract;'  and  also  from 


aAcfo  '  I  aid.'  Others  believe  it  to  be  from  Ara- 
bic, aUeceir,  or  al-ekeir,  *  chymistry.'  An  elixir 
is  a  medicine  composed  of  various  substances 
held  in  solution  in  alcohol.  The  name  has  been 
used,  however,  for  preparations,  which  contain 
no  spirit  of  wine. 

Elixir  Ac"idum  Halleri  sen  Dippil'ii, 
Elixir  Antipodag,ricum,  E.  Antinephret'icum,  E. 
Sulphu'rico-ac"idum,  Ovttts  ac"\d<z  ton' tea,  Aqua 
Rabe'lii,  Liquor  ac"idue  Halleri f  Mietu'ra  etfJ- 
phu'rico-ac,'ida,  JEther  eulphu'ricus  ac"idue, 
Ac"idum  eulphu'ricum  alcooliea' turn,  A,  vitriol'- 
ieum  vino' sum,  AVeoKol  Sulphurica'tum,  A.  Sul- 
phu'ricum,  is  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphurio 
acid  and  alcohol; — in  the  Eau  de  Rabel,  of  one 
part  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter.  It  is 
employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  Ac. 

Elixir  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  composite — e. 
Anthelmintioum  Succorum,  Tinctura  jalapii  com- 
posite. 

Elixik,  Ahti-Asthmat'ic,  or  Boerhaayx. 
This  elixir  is  composed  of  alcohol,  aniseed,  cam- 
phor, orris,  asarabacca  root,  calamus  aromaticue, 
liquorice,  and  elecampane.  It  is  given  in  asthma, 
in  the  dose  of  20  or  30  drops. 

Elixir  ANTiHYPOCHONDRiACTnr,  Tinctura  cin- 
chonas amara — e.  Antinephreticum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri — e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  composite.. 

Elixir,  Antiscrof'ulous  of  Petrilhe;  com- 
posed of  weak  alcohol,  tubearbonate  of  potama, 
and  gentian  root    It  is  administered  in  scrofula. 

Elixir,  Bobrhaave's,  see  Tinctura  Aloes  com- 
posite. 

Elixir,  Carminative,  of  Sylvius,  Tinctura 
carminativa  Sylvii  —  e.  Daffy's,  Tinctura  sennas 
comp. — e.  Danorum,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danise — 
e.  Fostidum,  Tinctura  castorei  composite — e.  of 
Garus,  Tinctura  de  croco  oomposita — e.  Guaiaci 
volaiilis,  Tinctura  Guaiaci  ammoniata  —  e.  Jala- 
pas  compositum,  Tinctura  jalapii  composite — e. 
of  Long  Life,  Tinctura  aloes  composite — e.  de 
Lonaue  vie,  Tinctura  aloes  composite — e.  d'Or  de 
M.  le  Central  de  la  Motte,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol 
sulfurico-ssthereus —  e.  Paregoric,  Edinburgh, 
Tinctura  opii  ammoniata — e.  Paregoricum,  Tinc- 
tura oamphorss  composite — e.  Pectorale  dulce, 
E.  pectorale  regis  Danise. 

Elixir  Prctora'lB  Reois  Da'htje,  Eltx'ir  Da- 
no' rum,  E.  Ringehnan'ni,  E.  ex  eucco  Glycyrrhi'ta, 
E.  pectora'U  dul'ce,  E.  3  eucco  liquirit"ia:  {Suce. 
glycyrrhiz.  p.  1 ;  Aq.  Fotnicul.  p.  2.  Alcohol  am~ 
moniat.  p.  6.  A  formula  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe.)  With  the  addi- 
tion of  opium  it  constitutes  the  Elixir  amnionic 
ato-opia'tum,  Extraetum  theba'icum  ammoniaca'U 
of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Proprietatis,  Tinctura  aloej  oompo- 
sita— e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composite — e» 
Radcliffe'8,  see  Tinctura  aloes  composite — e.  Rhej 
dulce,  Vinum  rhej  palmati — e.  Ringelmanni,  E. 
pectorale  regis  Daniss —  e.  Roborans  Whyttii, 
Tinctura  cinchonas  amara — e.  Sacrum,  Tinctura 
rhej  et  aloes — e.  Salutis,  Tinctura  sennas  comp. 
— e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  camphor©  composite 
— e.  Stomachicum,  Tinctura  gentian®  composite 
— e.  Stomachious  spirituosus,  Tinctura  cinchonas 
amara — e.  Stough ton's,  see  Tinctura  gentians* 
composite — e.  ex  Succo  glycyrrhisas,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Daniss— e.  ex  Succo  liquiritiss,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danorum— o.  Sulphurico-acidum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri  —  e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benioini 
composite. 

Elixir  Vitjb  of  Mathi'olus;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.   It  was  formerly  employed  in  epilepsy. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Sulphurio  acid,  dilute — ©- 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum— e. 
Vitrioli  acido-aromatioum,  Sulphuricum  aciinsa 


BLELIBIUM 


818 


EMBAHMA 


aromaticum  —  e.  Vitrioli  dulee,  Spiritus  aotheris 
aromaticus,  Sulphuricum  aoidum  aromaticum — 
e.  Vitrioli  Edinburgensium,  Sulphuricum  aoidum 
aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  Mynsichti,  Sulphuriottm 
aoidum  aromaticum— e.  of  Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritua 
sstheris  aromaticus — e.  Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  aro- 
matica,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.  of 
Vitriol,  Vigani's,  Spiritus  setheris  aromaticus— e. 
Whyttii,  Tinctura  cinchonas  amara. 

ELIXIRIUM  ANTISEPTICUM  DOCTORIS 
CHA USSIER,  Tinctura  cinchona  aatherea  com- 
posite. 

ELIXIS,  Eclectos. 
ELIXIVIATION,  Lixiviation. 
ELK,  Cervus  alces— e.  Bark,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla — e.  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — e.  Wood, 
Andromeda  arborea,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
ELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  foetidus. 
ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
ELLEBORISMUS,  Helleborismus. 
ELLEBORTJM  ALBUM,  Veratrum  album. 
ELLEBORUS  ALBUS,  Veratrum— e.  Niger, 
Helleborus  niger. 
ELLIPTIC,  Oval. 

ELLYCHNIO'TOS,  from  eXXw^wov,  <tho  **<* 
of  a  lamp.'    A  sort  of  tent,  used  by  the  ancient 
surgeons,  so  called  because  it  was  shaped  like  a 
wick,  or  because  it  was  made  of  a  similar  material. 
ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus— e.Red,  Ulmus  Ame- 
ricana— e.  Rough-leaved,  Ulmus  Americana — e. 
Slippery,  Ulmus  Americana. 
ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 
ELO'DES,  Helo'de;  Paludal,  Marshy,  (F.)  Ma- 
rieageux.     FebrU  eWde*  seu  helo'de*  sou  palu- 
do'ta,   Helop'yra,   Helopyr1 eto»,    from    'cXoy,    'a 
marsh/  and  ttSos,  'resemblance.'    Marsh  fever. 
(F.)  Fi&vre  intermittente  palndienne,  Fiivre  palu- 
dtcnne.    Also,  a  kind  of  fever,  characteriied  by 
great  moisture  or  sweating. 
ELOME,  Orpiment. 

ELONGA'TION,  Parathro'ma,  Elonga'tio, 
from  elongare,  (e,  and  longue,)  '  to  lengthen,'  'ex- 
tend.' An  incomplete  luxation,  in  which  the 
ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched  and 
the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxation.  The 
word  has  also  been  used  for  the  extension  required 
in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations,  and 
for  the  increased  length  of  limb,  (F.)  Allonge- 
ment,  in  diseases  and  dislocations  of  the  hip-joint 
ELUTRIATIO,  Decantation,  Elutriation. 
ELUTRIA'TION,  Elntria'tio;  originally  from 
•fao,  («,  and  luo, '  I  wash,')  '  I  wash  away,  I 
rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a  process  by  which  the 
finer  particles  of  a  powder  are  separated  from  the 
coarser.  It  consists  in  diffusing  the  powder  in 
water,  allowing  the  larger  and  heavier  particles 
to  subside,  and  decanting  the  liquor,  that  the 
finer  particles  may  subside. 

ELU'VIES,  same  etymon.   An  inordinate  dis- 
charge of  any  fluid,  and  also  the  fluid  itself.     In 
the  works  of  some  authors  it  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  the  mucus  which  flows  from  the  vagina 
in  cases  of  leucorrhoea. 
ELUXATION,  Luxation. 
ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 
ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  vaginas. 
ELYTRITIS,  Colposis,  Leucorrhoea. 
ELYTROBLENNORRHCBA,  Leucorrhoea  (va- 
ginal). 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  cXvrpov,  'a  vagina  or 
sheath/  and  m/X*,  '  a  tumour.'  Vogel  has  given 
this  name  to  vaginal  hernia,  Colpocc'U. 

BLYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal  coat  of  the 
testicle. 

BLYTR(EDE'MA,  ColemdJma,  Colpctde'ma, 
from  tXvrfop,  'a  vagina  or  sheath/  and  octa/ia, 
4  edema/    (Edema  of  the  vagina. 


BLYTROITIS,  Colpoeis. 
EL'YTRON,  from  eX»«,  'I  involve.'    A  sheath. 
The  vagina.     The  membranes  which  envelope 
the  spinal  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTRON'CUS,  Elytrophy'ma,  from  cXvrpoy, 
'  a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyxos,  '  a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPAFPUS    RHINOCERO'TIS.     A 
South  African  bush,  Nat.  Ord.  Composite,  the 
whole  of  which  is  bitter  and  resinous.    The  tope 
of  the  branches,  infused  in  wine  or  brandy,  make 
excellent  bitters.    The  tops  are  also  given  in 
powder  to  children  affected  with  diarrhoea. 
ELYTROPHYMA,  Elytroncus. 
ELYTROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 
ELYTRORRHAGIA,  Colporrhagia. 
ELYTROR'RHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaph'ia  ;  Col- 
por'rhaphy,  Kolpor'rhaphy ;  from  eXvrpov,  'the 
vagina/  and  pa^ij,  'a  suture.'    The  operation  of 
closing  the  vagina  by  suture  in  cases  of  prociden- 
tia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  cv,  'in,  into,  within.'  Also  'ex- 
ce88 .» — frequently  used  in  this  last  sense  by  Dr. 
Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally  answering  to 
the  prefixes  int  and  in,  in  English.  In  composi- 
tion, before  0,  ir,  ^,  ^,  and  n,  the  v  is  changed 
into  m  before  y,  *,  £,  and  *,  intoyj  before  X, 
into  X,  and  before  p  generally  into  p. 

EMACIATE,  Macct'cere,  Tabet'eere,  (F.) 
Amaigrir.  To  lose  flesh,  to  become  lean,  to 
waste  away. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  from  enuteiart, 
(e,  and  maceo,  'to  be  lean,)  'to  grow  lean.'  Ex- 
tenua'tio,  Ma'cie;  Maeritu'do,  Macror,  Marco'- 
re;  Skeleti'a,  Leptyem'u;  Leptyn'tie,  Pingued'- 
inie  diminu'tio,  (F.)  Amaigrincment,  Maigrewr. 
That  condition  of  the  body,  or  of  a  part  of  the 
body,  in  which  it  grows  lean.  The  state  of  one 
who  is  lean ; — Leannen  ;  Iach'note*. 
J2MAIL  DES  DENTS,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 
&MAILLOTAQE  (F.),  from  maillot,  'swath- 
ing  or  swaddling  clothes.'  The  '  wrapping  up/  or 
'  packing  up'  in  dry  or  wet  sheets,  which  is  prac- 
tised in  hydropathic  establishments  to  induoe 
sweating. 

EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vium,  from 
emanare,  (c,  and  manare,)  'to  issue  or  flow  from.' 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  body  which  proceeds  or 
draws  its  origin  from  other  bodies ;  such  as  the 
light  which,  emanatet  from  the  sun  j  the  miasma 
which  arise  from  the  putrid  decomposition  of  ani- 
mal or  vegetable  substanoes,  Ac    See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM,  from  e,  and  jnanerc, 
'to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  ame- 
norrhcea  or  obstruction  of  the  menses  before  they 
have  been  established.  Some  have  used  it  for 
the  retention  which  occurs  even  after  they  have 
been  established.  The  former  is  the  general  ac- 
ceptation. - 

EMARGINATIO,  JBchancrure,  Notch. 
EMARGINATURA,  tichancrurc,  Notch. 
EMASCULA'TION,  Emascula'tio,  from  «aw«- 
culare,  (c,  and  matculua,  'a  male/)  'to  render 
impotent'    The  act  of  removing  or  destroying 
the  generative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 
EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 
EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in/  and  bal+a- 
mum,  'balsam.'    Bahama'Ho,  Smyrn&moa,  Ge- 
deia,   Pollinctu'ra,  Necrocedx'a,  Conditu'r*  Co- 
dar'ermn,  (F.)  Embaument,  ImbaUamation.    An 
operation  which  consists  in  impregnating  the 
dead  body  with  substanoes  capable  of  preventing 
it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus  putting  it  in  a 
condition  to  be  preserved. 

EMBAM'MA,  Apobam'ma,  Bamma,  from  sp. 

0a««*, '  I  immerse/   A  medicated  piokle  or  I 

1  — Gomeo*. 


EMBARRAS 


819 


EMETINE 


EMBARRAS,  Emphraxis. 

EMB ARRAS  QASTRIQUE  (P.),  Oasti  ie  dis- 
order or  impediment,  Collu'viee  gas'trica,  Sordee 
prima'rum  via'rum,  Statu*  gas'tricus.  Disorder 
of  the  stomach,  in  which  there  is  loss  of  appetite, 
with  bitterness  and  clamminess  of  month,  white 
and  yellow  tongue,  feeling  of  oppression  in  the 
epigastrium,  and  sometimes  pain  in  that  region, 
nausea  and  bilious  or  bitter  vomiting,*  this  state 
being  accompanied  with  headach,  lassitude,  and 
pain  in  the  back  and  limbs. 

EMB  ARRAS  GASTROINTESTINAL,  Oas- 
tro-intesti'nal  disorder.  Slight  gastro-enteritis, 
according  to  the  Broussaists,  in  which  the  symp- 
toms of  the  Embarras  gastrique  and  E.  intestinal 
are  united. 

EMBARRAS  INTESTINAL,  Intcs'tinal  dis- 
order.  The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this 
are : — tension  of  the  abdomen,  colic,  borborygmi, 
discharge  of  flatus  per  anum,  constipation  or  diar- 
rhoea, Ac. 

EMBARRURE,  Engisoma. 

EMBAVMENT,  Embalming. 

EMB01TEMENT(F.).  '  Encasing/  from  em, 
'in,'  and  bolte,  'a  box.'  Enadelph'icu  This 
term  has  been  applied  to  the  theory  of  generation 
which  considers  that  the  germs  are  encased  in 
each  other  in  the  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such 
tort  that  they  are  developed  in  succession  after 
impregnation.  It  is  the  theory  of  encasing  of 
germs,  or  of  monstrosity  by  inclusion, 

EMBOITURE,  Diarthrosis. 

EM'BOLE,  from  tp&a\\»,  'I  put  in  place.' 
Seduction  of  a  luxated  bone.    Repoeifio. 

EMBOLIMOS,  Interoalary. 

EMBOLUM  CEREBRI,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

EMBONPOINT,  (F.)  'In  good  point  or 
plight'  Bona  corporis  habitu'do.  The  state 
of  the  animal  body  when  in  full  health.  Exces- 
sive embonpoint  constitutes  oorpulence  and  obe- 
sity, and  may  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EMBONPOINT  EXCESSIF,  Polysaroi*  adi- 


EMBORISMA,  Aneurism. 

EMBROCATIO,  Embrocation,  Irrigation. 

EMBROCA'TION,  Embroca'tio,  Embreg'ma, 
Em' brock?,  fmplu'vium,  from  c/i^pc^w,  'I  sprinkle.' 
A  fluid  application  to  be  rubbed  on  any  part  of 
the  body.  It  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
liniment  Originally  it  was  employed  in  the 
sense  of  Fomentation. 

Embrocation,  Guistojoan,  see  Oleum  Terebin- 
thinss  rectification. 

EMBROCIIE,  Embrocation. 

EMBRYEMA,  Embrocation. 

EM'BRYO,  Em'bryon,  from  tv,  'in/  and  fam, 
'  I  grow/  Oye'ma.  The  fecundated  germ,  in  the 
early  stages  of  its  development  in  utero.  At  a 
certain  period  of  its  increase,  the  name  foetus  is 
given  to  it,  but  at  what  period  is  not  determined. 
Generally,  the  embryo  state  is  considered  to  ex- 
tend to  the  period  of  quickening. 

EMBRYOC'TONY,  Foetus  trucida'tio,  from 
tu0pvov,  '  the  embryo/  and  troves,  '  destruction.' 
The  act  of  destroying  a  foetus  in  utero,  when  in- 
surmountable obstacles  —  as  certain  deformities 
of  the  pelvis — oppose  delivery. 

EMBRYOO'RAPHY,  Embryogra'phia,  from 
tappvov,  'the  embryo/  and  yoa^ri,  '  a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  doscribes  the  embryo. 

EMBRYOL'OGY,  Embryolog"iay  from  tpPpvov, 
'the  embryo/  and  Xoyof,  'a  description.  The 
doctrine  of  embryonic  development 

EMBRYON'IC,  Embryon'icus,  (P.)  Embryo- 
mtqve,  Embryonnaire ;  same  etymon  as  embryo. 


Relating  or  appertaining  to  an  embryo  :--ai 

'  embryonic  life/ 
EM BR  YONIQ  UEt  Embryonic 
EMBRYONNAIRE,  Embryonie. 

EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  Embryothlasttesf  Em- 
bryothlas'tum,  (F.)  Embryotome,  from  tpfimtov, 
'  the  embryo/  and  SAaw,  ' I  break.'  An  instru- 
ment for  dividing  the  foHus  piecemeal,  in  order 
to  effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instru- 
ment, used,  in  certain  cases  of  laborious  parturi- 
tion, to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EMBRYOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

EMBR  YO  TOME,  Einbry othlasta 

EMBRYOTOMY,  Embryotom'ia,  from  Cfifyw, 
'an  embryo/  and  rc/wiv,  '  to  cut'  A  division  of 
the  foetus  into  fragments,  to  extract  it  by  piece* 
meal,  when  the  narrowness  of  the  pelvis  or  other 
faulty  conformation  opposes  delivery. 

BMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotroph'ia,  from 
tp&pvov,  '  the  embryo/  and  rpofn,  '  nourishment' 
Foetal  nutrition ;  Cyot'rophy. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  EmbryusteruVcia,  from  qt- 
/?pvov,  '  embryo,  foetus/  and  eXxtt,  '  I  extract,'  '  I 
draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the  foetus 
is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  instruments, 
when  faulty  conformation  or  other  circunstanccs 
prevent  delivery  by  the  natural  efforts. 

EMBRYUL'CUS,  Elans' ter,  same  etymon.  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapondente,  which  was  used  to  extract  the 
foetus  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryulcia. 

EMENDANS,  Corrigent 

EMERAUDE,  Smaragdus. 

EMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

EMESI8,  Vomiting. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  rju»,  'I  vomit,'  and 
arpofta,  '  want  of  nourishment'  Atrophy  induced 
by  vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EMET'IC,  Emet'ieum,  Vomito'rium,  Vom'itory, 
Vomit,  Puke,  from  enus,  '  I  vomit'  A  substance 
capable  of  producing  vomiting.  (F.)  JSmftiqne. 
[This  term  is  also  restricted  by  the  French  to 
tartarited  antimony  —  the  emetic,  as  it  were,  par 
excellence.]     Vomitif. 

Tartarited  antimony,  .emetine,  ipecacuanha, 
and  sulphate  of  tine,  are  the  chief  emetics. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  disease,  and  may 
either  act  primarily  on  the  stomach,  or  seconda- 
rily on  other  parts  of  the  system1,  —  the  sym- 
pathy between  the  stomach  and  other  parts  of 
the*  body  being  very  extensive,  and  an  impor- 
tant object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  usual  emetics :  —  Anti- 
monii  et  Potasste  Tartras ;  Cupri  Acetue ;  Cupri 
Sulphas;  Em  o  tin  a;  Gillenia;  Hydrargyri  Sul- 
phas Flavus;  Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia;  Sanguina- 
ria;  Scilla;  Sinapis,  and  Zinci  Sulphas. 

Emetic  Root,  Euphorbia  corollata — e.  Tartar, 
Antimonium  tartarisatum  —  e.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

EMETICOLOGIA,  Emetology. 

EM'ETINE,  Emeti'na,  Emet'ia,  Vom'itine.  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Pelletier  in 
ipecacuanha,  and  to  which  it  owes  its  emetio 
power.  It  is  obtained  from  different  ipecacu- 
anhas, but  chiefly  from  psychot'ria  emet'ioa, 
callicoc'ca  ipecacuanha,  and  vi'ola  emet'ica.  It 
is  in  transparent  scales,  of  a  reddish-brown  colour, 
almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter,  slightly  acrid  taste  j 
is  unchangeable  in  the  air,  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Three  grains  of 
impure  emetia  or  one  grain  of  pure  are  equal  to 
18  of  ipecacuanha.    See  Ipecacuanha. 


£m£tique 


320 


EMPHTMA 


&M&TIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarixatum, 
Smetic. 

EMETO-CATHARSIS,  see  Emeto-cathartic. 

EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Em'eto-cathar'ticun, 
from  efitroi,  'vomiting/  and  KaSaprixos,  'a  purga- 
tive.' A  remedy,  which  at  the  same  time  excites 
vomiting  and  purging — Em'eto-catkar'tiu. 

EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolog"ia,  Emeticolog"iat 
from  cttcTof,  '  vomiting/  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse/ 
A  treatise  on  vomiting,  and  on  emetics. 

EM'INENCE,  Eminen'tia,  Protuberan'tia,  Exf- 
ochl,  Ejranthe'ma.  A  projection  at  the  surface 
of  a  healthy  or  diseased  organ. 

Eminence  porte  ant£rievre,  Lo- 

bulus  anonymus  —  i.  Porte  poatirieure,  Lobulus 
Spigelii — e".  Stu-pubienne,  Mons  veneris. 

EMINENCES  BIG&MIN&ES,  Quadrigemi- 
na  corpora  —  e.  L at 4 rales,  Corpora  olivaria  —  e. 
Pyramidalea,  Corpora  pyramidalia —  e.  Vermi- 
forme*  du  cervelet,  Vermiformes  processus. 

EMINENTIA,  Protuberantia  —  e.  Annularis, 
Pons  varolii— e.  Pyramidal  is,  Crista  vestibuli— e. 
Tympani,  Pyramid. 

EMINENTIA  BIGEMIRZB,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula— e.  Candicantes,  Mam  miliary  Tubercles 
—  e.  Lenticulares,  Corpora  striata — e.  Magna? 
oerebri,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum — e.  Medi- 
ans) Internee,  Corpora  pyramidalia— e.  Olivares, 
Corpora  olivaria — e.  Ovales  Laterales,  Corpora  oli- 
varia— e.  Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e. 
QuadrigeminaB,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — e.  Te- 
retes,  Processus  teretes. 

jSMISSAIRE,  Emunctory. 

EMISSA'RIA  aANTORI'NI.  A  name  given 
to  some  small  veins,  which  communicate  with  the 
sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  by  apertures  in  the 
cranium.  Such  are  the  parietal,  posterior  con- 
dyloid, mastoid  veins,  Ac. 

EMISSIO,  Emission  —  e.  Seminis,  Sperma- 
tismus. 

EMIS'SION,  Emia'aio,  from  emittere,  (e,  and 
mtUere,)  'to  send  out,'  'drive  out'  The  act  by 
which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from  the 
body.  Thus,  we  say  Emission  of  urine,  Emission 
of  semen,  Ac. 

JS  MISS  I  ON  SANGUINE,  Bloodletting. 

EMMEN'AGOGUES,  Emmenago'ga,  Emmeni- 
ago'ga,  Ame'nia,  from  cppnva,  '  the  menses/  and 
ay»,  '  I  drive/  or  '  expej.'  Men'agoguee.  A  name 
given  to  medicines  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
favouring  the  discharge  of  the  menses.  There 
is  probably  no  substance  whioh  possesses  this 
power  directly.  According  to  different  condi- 
tions of  the  system,  the  most  opposite  reme- 
dies may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Black,  helle- 
bore, ravin,  madder,  polygala  senega,  and  ergot, 
are  reputed  to  be  specifio  emmenagogues.  The 
following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  them :  — 
Cunila  PulegioSdes ;  Helleborus  Niger;  Mentha 
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia;  Sabina;  Secale 
Cornutum  ;  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMENAGOLOG"IA,  from  twnvayuya,  and 
X»yof,  '  discourse.'    A  treatise  of  emmenagogues. 

EMMENIA,  Menses. 

EMMENIAGOGA,  Emmenagogues. 

EMMENOLOG"IA.  from  t^nva,  'menses/ 
and  Xoyoi,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  men- 
struation. 

EMMENOLOG"ICAL,  Emmenolog"ictu :  same 
etymon  as  the  last  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
menstruation. 

KMMYX1UM  ARTICULARE,  Hydrarthrus. 

EMOLLIENTIA,  Emollients. 

EMOL'LIENTS,  EmoMen'tia,  Malthac'tica, 
Belozan'tin,  Epiceras'tica,  Malac'tica,  Lnbri- 
cwfta,  Malaropce'a,  Mollien'tia,  from  cmollire, 
(«,  and  maUire,  'to  soften.')    Substances  whioh 


relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed,  or  too 
tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and  exter- 
nally :  as  the  former,  however,  consist  of  muci- 
laginous substances,  they  are  generally  reckoned 
as  demulcents :  the  latter,  or  proper  emollient*, 
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  Ao. 
Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a  part,  act  by  di- 
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations,  in  cases 
of  internal  inflammation,  act  probably  through 
contiguous  sympathy.  The  following  are  the 
chief  emollients:  —  Adeps;  Amygdala?  Oleum; 
Avensd  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum;  Linum ;  Olivia 
Oleum  ;  Sesamum ;  Tritici  Farina,  and  Uimus. 

EMOLLITIES,  Mollities— e.  Morbosa,  Molli- 
ties — e.  Ossium,  Mollities  os&ium — e.  Uteri  Mor- 
bosa, Hysteromalacia. 

EMOLLITIO,  Mollities— e.  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia. 

&MONCTOIRE,  Emunctory. 

EMOPTOE,  Hiemoptysis. 

EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation,  Passion. 

EMO'TIONAL,  from  emotio,  (e,  'from/and 
moveo,  motus,  '  to  move.')  Relating  to  emotion 
or  passion  independently  of  the  will:  —  hence  an 
'  emotional  or  instinctive  impulse.' 

EMPASMA,  Cataplasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  empdter,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy.'  A  non-inflammatory  engorge- 
ment, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the  impression 
of  the  finger. 

EMPATHE'MA,  Ma'nia  a  pathe'mate,  (F.) 
Manie  sans  dflire;  ungovernable  passion ;  from 
tft,  or  iv,  'in/  and  naSot,  'suffering.'  Fixed  de- 
lusion. 

EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 

EMPETRUM,  Herniaria  glabra. 

EM'PHLYSIS,  from  e/t,  or  tv,  'in/  and^Xvttf, 
'a  vesicular  tumour  or  eruption;'  Ich'oron*  Ex- 
an'them.  An  eruption  of  vesicular  pimples,  filled 
progressively  with  an  acrid  and  colourless,  or 
nearly  colourless,  fluid;  terminating  in  scurf  or 
laminatod  scabs.  A  genus  in  the  order  Exanlh*- 
matica,  class  Hamatioa  of  Good. 

Emphltsis  Aphtha,  Aphthae,  Stomatitis,  aph- 
thous—  e.  Erysipelas,  Erysipelas  —  e.  Miliaria, 
Miliary  fever  —  e.  Pemphigus,  Pemphigus  —  e. 
Vaccina  inserta,  Vaccina— e.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

EMPHRACTIC,  Emphracticus. 

EMPHRACTICA,  Physconia. 

EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrae'tie,  from  ep0p«r- 
t»,  '  I  close/  '  I  obstruct'  Emplas'ticvs,  Entjnat- 
tom'enos.  Any  substance  which,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  was  presumed  to  close  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA,  same  etymon.  Obturamen'- 
tum,  Imped  (men' turn.  Anything  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  foetus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

Emphragma  Lachrymals,  Fistula  lachryma- 
lis — e.  Saiivare,  Ranuia. 

EMPHRAX'IS,  Obstruc'tio,  Obtura'tio,  Oppi- 
la'tio,  Infarc'tui,  Farctiu,  Partus.  Same  etymon. 
'  Obstruction/  An  Embarras  or  repletion  of  ca- 
nals or  cavities  by  any  substance,  which  is  cither 
morbid  from  quantity  or  quality. 

Ehphraxis  Hepatis,  Hepatemphraxis. 

EMPHYMA,  Tumour  — e.  Encystis,  Encystis 
— e.  Encystis  atheroma,  Atheroma —  e.  Encystis 
ganglion,  Ganglion,  Testudo  —  e.  Encystis  meli- 
ceris,  Meliceris — e.  Encystis  steatoma,  Steatoma 
— e.  Exostosis  ossea,  Exostosis — e.  Exostosis  pe- 
riostea, Node— c.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
adiposum,  Adipose  sarcoma— e.  Sarcoma  cellulo- 
snm,  Cystic  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  mammarum, 
Mammary  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  pancreaticuin, 

1'  Pancreatio  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosum, 
Scirrhous  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  tuberculosum, 


EMPHYSEMA 


m 


EMPLASTRUM 


Tuberculate  sarcoma —  e.  Sarcoma  vaseulosum, 
Sarcoma,  vascular. 

EMPIIYSE'MA,  from  tufvvau,  (tr,  and  <pvoau», 
4 1  blow/)  « I  inflate.'  Infia'tio,  Empneumato'sis, 
Sard' tee  flatno'sus,  Emphyse'ma  cellula'ri,  Em- 
physe'ma pneumato'sis,  Physon'cus,  Tumor  Jlatu- 
len'tus,  Pneumato'sis,  Injla'tiou,  Wind-dropsy, 
(F.)  Emphyshne.  This  term  is  commonly  applied 
to  any  white,  crepitant,  shining,  olastic,  indolent 
tumour,  caused  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  the 
areolar  texture.  Injuries  of  the  larynx,  trachea, 
or  lungs ;  fractures  of  the  ribs,  or  wounds  pene- 
trating the  chest,  are  the  most  frequent  causos  of 
this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air  escaping 
from  the  air-passages  and  insinuating  itself  into 
the  areolar  texture  surrounding  the  wound. 
There  are  some  cases  of  emphysema,  which  are 
owing  to  internal  causes;  and  hence  a  division 
has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and  sympto- 
matic, and  the  spontaneous  and  idiopathic. 

Emphysema  Abdominis,  Tympanites. 

Emphyse'ma  of  the  Luhos,  E.  Pulmo'num, 
Asthma  aire  urn  ah  Emphyse'mati  Pulmo'num, 
Pneumatosis  Pulmo'num,  Pneumonec'tasis,  Pneu- 
mee'tusis,  (F.)  PneumoZetaeie,  Emphyshne  du 
Pownon.  A  considerable  pressure  or  contusion 
of  the  chest,  or  any  violent  concussion  of  the 
long,  may  produce  a  laceration  in  that  viscus, 
without  injury  being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax,  and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of 
air  into  the  areolar  texture,  interlobular  emphy- 
sema. Laenneo  has  described  another  species  of 
emphysema  of  the  lungs,  Vesicular  emphysema, 
consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
some  of  which  become  as  largo  as  hemp-seod,  ul- 
timately break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesicles 
at  the  surfaco  of  the  lung,  some  of  which  are  as 
large  as  a  hazel-nut  Physical  signs.  The  tho- 
rax externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears  un- 
naturally convex  and  prominent.  The  intercos- 
tal spaces  are  widened,  but  depressed.  The 
inspiratory  efforts  are  increased.  The  sound  on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  but  not  tympanitic. 
On  auscultation,  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.  The  expiration,  which  is  more 
frequently  audible  is  prolonged,  laborious  and 
wheezing.  There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which  can  distinguish  interlobular  emphysema 
from  the  vesicular. 

Kmphybema  Pectoris,  Pneumothorax — e. 
Sure  J,  Physocele— e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites — 
e.  Uteri,  llysterophysis,  Physometra. 

EMPHYSEMATOUS,  Emphysemato'stts;  same 
etymon.   Relating  or  appertaining  to  emphysema. 

EMPHY8&ME,  Emphysema—*,  du  Poumon, 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs. 

EMPHYTUM  THERMUM,  Biolychnium. 

EMP'IRIC,  Empi'ricus,  from  epirupia,  (tv,  and 
vtt&a,  'atrial,')  'experience.1  One  who  follows 
only  experience.  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  re- 
jected all  theory,  and  took  for  their  guide  expe- 
rience alone.  It  was  opposed  to  the  dogmatic 
sect.  The  Empirio  sect  prevailed  till  near  the 
time  of  Galen.  Among  its  most  eminent  mem- 
bers, after  Philinus  and  Scrapion,  were  A  polio - 
nius,  Glaucias,  Bacchius  of  Tanagra,  and  Zeuxis, 
both  disciples  of  Herophilus,— Ueraclides  of  Ta- 
r  en  turn,  Cleophantus,  master  of  Asclepiades,  Me- 
nodotua  of  Nicomedia,  and  Theudas  of  Laodicea. 
They  occupied  themselves,  chiefly,  with  discover- 
ing the  properties  of  drugs,  and  did  important 
service,  in  this  manner,  to  medicine. 

At  the  present  day,  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
taken  in  a  bad  sense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  charlatan  or  quack. 

EMPIRICE,  Empiricism. 

EMPIR'ICISM;  same  etymon.  Empi'rica 
An,    Empi'rici,    (F.)    Empirisme.      Medicine 


founded  on  experience.     It  generally,  at  tbe 
present  day,  signifies  quackery. 

EMPIRISME,  Empiricism. 

EMPLAS'TICUS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also,  a  remedy  which  adheres,  as  a  plaster,  to  the 
surface,  and  in  this  manner  may  obstruct  tho 
pores :  an  emphractic. 

EMPLASTRO-EXDERMIC,  Endermie. 

EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  Greek  tuxXams, 
(tv,  and  vXacffuv,  'to  form,')  'I  spread  upon,* 
(F.)  Empldtre.  A  solid  and  tenacious  compound, 
adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the  human  body. 
Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their  consistence  to  wax 
and  resin;  and  others  to  the  chemical  union  which 
takes  place  between  the  semivitreous  oxide  of  lead 
and  oil.  Most  of  them  become  too  consistent  by 
age.  When  such  is  the  case,  they  may  be  re- 
melted  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplastrum  AdiijESIVum,  Emplastrum  resina 
— e.  Adhsesivum  Woodstockii,  see  Sparadrapum 
AdhsDsivum — e.  Alexandri,  Alexandrine — e.  de 
Althraa,  Unguentum  de  Althaea. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci,  Ammoni'aevm  Plas- 
ter, (Ammoniac,  pur.  £v,  acidi  acctici  dil.  Oss. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegar,  and  strain : 
then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of  a  water 
bath,  stirring  constantly  until  it  acquires  a  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  discu- 
tient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci  cum  Hydrar'gtro, 
Ammoniacum  platter  tcith  mercury  (Ammoniaci 
Ibj,  hydrarg.  Jiij,  olei  oliv.  £j,  sulphur,  gr.  viij. 
Rub  the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules 
disappear,  then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.    Ph.  U.  S. 

Emplastrum  Andrea;  de  Chuck,  E.  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicum,  see  SparaUrapuui 
adhsesivum. 

Emplastrum  Arowat'icum,  Aromat'ic  Plaster. 
(Thuris  3>U*  eera  Jiava  Jss,  pulv.  cort.  ciutiam. 
!$vj,  ol.  ess.  Pimento  ol.  ess.  Limon.  uti  £ij.  Melt 
the  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain ; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
rubbed  with  the  oils,  and  form  a  plaster.  Ph. 
Dull.)     Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

A  spice  plaster,  made  by  incorporating  pow- 
dered cinnamon  and  any  other  spices  with  melted 
suet,  has  been  used  in  cholera  infantum.  It  is 
spread  on  leather  or  linen,  and  is  renewed  twice 
in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Emplastrum  Asafce'tiida:,  Asafcttida  plaster, 
E.  antihyster'icum,  (Emp.  plumb.,  Asa/at.,  sing. 
Ibj,  Gulban.,  Cera  flava,  ua  tt>ss,  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  tho  asafcetida  and  galbnnum  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water  bath,  strain  while  hot,  and 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey ;  add  the 
lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  together, 
Btir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporato  to  the  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Attraheks,  E.  ceriD— -e.  Auricu- 
lare,  Hypotium. 

Emplastrum  Belladon'na:,  Plaster  of  Bella- 
don'na.  (Empl.  resin.  §iij,  Ext.  Bclladon.  $te9. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water  bath,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  &.) 

Emplastrum  Calefa'cif.ns,  E.  I'icis  cum  cmt- 
thar'idi,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Cale/a' cient plaster,  War  jh 
plaster,  (F.)  Empldtre  ichavffant.  (Ce.rat.  can 
tharid.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Ibss,  i'icis  abiet.  Sbiijss.  Melt 
together,  and  form  into  a  pl&ster.  J'h.  U.  S.) 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 

Emplastrum  Cantharidis,  E.lyttse — c.  Can- 
tharidis  vesicatorii  corapositum,  E.  lytta)  comp. 
— e.  Cophalicum,  E.  picis  comp. 

Emplastrum  Ckum,  E.  simplex,  Wax  plaster, 
E.  At'trahens.  (Cerat  Jlara,  Sevi  Prap.  fift  Ibii), 
resinae  Jlaca  Ibj.    Melt  them  together  and  strain. 


EMPLASTRUM 


832 


EMPLASTRUM 


Ph,  L.)    It  has  been  considered  drawing.    It  is 
stimulating.' 

Emplastrum  Cicu'tjb,  E.  de  Cicu'tA,  E.  coni'i 
macula' ti,  Unguen'tum  tol'idum  de  cicu'td,  Hem- 
lock platter,  (F.)  Empldtre  de  Cigui.  (Retina 
abiet.  960  p.  Cera  Jlav.  640  p.  Piei§  alba,  448  p. 
01.  eicutcB  per  decoct,  praparat.  128  p.  Fol  cicut. 
recent.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and  oil; 
add  the  cicuta  leaves,  and  boil ;  strain  and  add, 
after  haying  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of  squills  and 
oicuta  juice,  gum  ammoniac.  500  p.  Ph.  Par.) 
It  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially  to  scirrhous 
tumours. 

Emplastrum  Citrwum,  Unguentum  de  althaea 
e.  Commune,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Commune  cum  ro- 
sin &,  E.  resinae — c.  Conii,  E.  cicuta). 

EMPLASTRUM  C  UMI'ni,  Cummin  platter.  (  Cumin, 
temin.,  carui  tern.,  lanri  bacc.  sing.  Jiij,  picit 
arida  Ibiij,  cera  /lava  5iy.  Melt  the  pitch  and 
wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients. 
Ph.  L.)    It  is  used  as  a  warm,  discutient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Diachvlow,  Diachylon,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Divinum  Nicolai,  sco  Magnet — e.  Emolliens, 
Unguentum  dc  althaea — e.  Epispasticura,  E.lyttce. 

Emplastrum  Ferri,  E.  rob'orant,  Iron  Platter, 
Strengthening  Platter.  ( Ferrt  tubcarb.  i^iij,  Emp. 
plumbi,  Ibij,  Pi  eft  abiet  is,  Ibss.  Add  the  sub- 
carbonato  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and  Bur- 
gundy pitch  previously  melted  together,  and  stir 
constantly  until  they  thicken  upon  cooling. — Ph. 
•U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Ferri  Rubrt,  B.  oxidi  forri 
mbri — e.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  ad 
Fonticulos,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bawi,  Oalb'anum  platter, 
$E*npl-  litharg.  Ibij,  gum.  galban.  Ibss,  cera /lava 
Jiv.  Melt  the  galbanum  bofore  adding  the  plas- 
ter and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.  D.)  A 
stimulant  and  discutient 

Emplastrum  Gal'basi  Compos'ituk.  E.  li- 
.har'gyri  com  pot' i  turn,  Diach'ylon  magnum  cum 
aummi,  Compound  galbanum  platter.  (Galb.  pur. 
ajviij,  Emp.  plumbi,  Ibiij,  tereb.  rulg.  !£x,  abietit 
retin.  contus.  .^iij.  Melt  the  galbanum  and  tur- 
pentine together,  then  mix  in  the  resin,  and  af- 
terwards the  plaster,  previously  melted.  It  is 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see  Sparadrapum 
udhfBsivum — e.  oum  Gummatibus,  E.  gummosum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sum,  Oum  platter,  Em- 
jlattrum  lithar'gyri  cum  gum  mi,  E.  cum  gummat'- 
ibut,  E.  e  gum  mat' i  but  ret'ino'tit,  E.  Ox.'ydi  Plumbi 
temirit'rei  gummo'tum,  Yellow  diach'ylon,  Gum 
diachylon,  Diachylon  cum  gummi.  (Emp.  oxid. 
plumbi  temivitr.  p.  viii,  g.  retin.  ammoniac,  g. 
retin.  bubon,  galbani,  cera  flara,  aa,  p.  L  Ph.  E.) 
Properties  and  uses  like  the  last 

Emplastrum  b  Gummatibus  Resriosis,  E. 
gummosum. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Rksi'nts,  (F.)  Em- 
pldtre de  gomme  r£tin+,  Diachylon  gomntf,  Plat- 
ter of  gum  retint.  (Emplattr.  timpl.  p.  1600, 
cera  /lava,  p.  96,  picit  alba,  p.  96,  terebinth,  p. 
96.  Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  gum  ammo- 
niac, p.  32,  bdellium  32,  galban,  32,  and  tagape- 
num,  p.  32.  Dissolvo  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
alcohol,  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey, 
and  mix  carefully  all  together.  Ph.  P.)  A  discu- 
tient 

Emplastrum  Hydrar'otrt,  Mercu'rial  plat- 
ter, Emplattr.  lithar'gyri  cum  hydrar'gyro.  (Hy- 
drarg.  i  vj,  ol.  oliv.,  retin.  aa  Jij,  emplatt. plumbi, 
Ibj.  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  together,  and  when 
eool  rub  the  mercury  with  them  till  the  globules 
disappear;  then  gradually  add  the  lead  plaster, 
previously  melted,  and  mix  all.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
stimulant,  resolvent,  and  discutient  Applied  as 
a  discutient  to  venereal  aid  other  tumours. 


Emtlastruv  Hydrar'gtri  Compos'ituk,  JR, 
de  hydrar'gyro  compot'itum,  E.  de  Vigo  oum  mer- 
cu'rio  emenda'tum,  Compound  platter  of  mcr*cury. 
(Empl.  timpl.  p.  1250,  cera  /lava,  p.  64,  retina, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals  add  pulv.  g. 
ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  taffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefully. 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  380,  pure  turpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  pure  ttorax,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear:  melt  all 
together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential  oil 
of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Pharm.  P.)  The  same  pro- 
perties as  the  last 

Emplastrum  Ichtrtocolljs  tel^  iwnrcTUM, 
see  Sparadrapum  adhaesivum — e.  Irritans,  E. 
lyttao — e.  Lithargyri,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Lithargyri 
compositum,  E.  galbani  oompositum — e.  Lithar- 
gyri cum  gummi,  E.  gummosum — e.  Lithargyri 
cum  hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri — e.  Lithargyri 
cum  resina,  E.  restate  —  e.  Lithargyricum  cum 
resina  pini,  E.  resinas. 

Emplastrum  Lttt,*,  E.  canthar'idit,  E.  can- 
tharidit  veticato'rii,  Platter  of  the  Spanith  or 
blittering  fly,  Blistering  Platter,  Fly  Platter,  E. 
mcl'olt  veticato'rii,  E.  veticato'rium,  E.  epitpatf- 
ticum,  E.  e  cantharid'ibut  epitpat'ticum  solid' tut 
et  tena'ciut  harent,  E.  irri'tant,  E.  rubefi'ant, 
(Cantharidet,  in  powder,  Ibj,  Emp.  cera  lbiss, 
adipit.  prap.  Ibj.  Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  to- 
gether, and  as  the  mixture  becomes  thick,  on 
cooling,  sprinkle  in  the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharnu 
L.)  This  is  the  common  blistering  plaster.  Too 
much  heat  must  not  be  used  in  its  preparation. 
It  requires  to  remain  on  six  or  eight  hours  before 
its  full  effect  is  induced,  and  it  acts  sufficiently 
well,  provided  even  a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue 
paper  be  placed  between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst 
absorption  of  the  flies  is  thus  prevented.  See 
Blister.  The  Blistering  Plaster  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States,  Cera'tum  Canthar*i~ 
dit,  is  made  as  follows: — Cantharid.  in  pulv. 
subtiliss.,  Jbj,  cera /lava,  retina,  fia  §vij,  adipit, 
Jx.  To  the  wax,  resin,  and  lard,  previously 
melted,  add  the  Spanish  flies,  and  stir  the  mix- 
ture constantly  until  cool. 

Emplastrum  Lyttjb  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idit veticato'rii  compot'itum,  E.  mel'oet  veti- 
cato'rii compot'itum,  Compound  platter  of  rait- 
thar'idet  or  Spanith  fliet.  (Retin.  liq.  pini  laricit, 
p.  18,  retina  concret.  pini  abietit,  meloet  veticaL 
5a  p.  12,  cera  /lava,  p.  4,  tubacct.  cupri,  p.  ij, 
tcmin.  tinapit  alb.,  fruct.  pip.  nigr.  3a  p.  j.  Melt 
the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpentine,  and 
as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other  substances,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make  a  plaster. 
PA.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the  last,  but 
more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

EMPLA8TRUM  MeLOES  VeSICATORII,  E.  lytttt — 

e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  oomp.,  E.  lyttae  coinp. — e. 
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  Ni- 
grum of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet 

Emplastrum  Norimbergen'sE,  E.  ex  ox'ido 
plumbi  rubro  eamphora'tum,  Empldtre  de  Nurem- 
berg, Nuremberg  platter.  (  Oxid.  plumb,  rnhr.  p. 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  600,  aqua,  q.  s.  Boil  until  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  yellow  wax, 
p.  500.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire,  and 
after  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  congeals, 
camphor,  p.  24:  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered 
a  desiocative,  and  has  been  employed  in  gan- 
grene. 

Emplastrum  Ntqkaticuk,  E.  resinae. 

Emplastrum  Oph,  O'pium  Platter.  (Opii  in 
pulv.  5\J,  Picit  abiet.  jAj  J  emplattr.  plumbi  Ibj, 
aq.  bullient.  fjiv.  Melt  together  the  lead  plaster 
and  Burgundy  pitch ;  then  add  the  opium  pre* 
vionsly  mixed  with  the  water,  and  boil  over  e> 


emplAtrb 


898 


EMPYEMA 


gentle  Are  to  the  proper  consistence.— PK  U.  8.) 
It  is  employed  as  an  anodyne,  and  to  give  sup. 
port. 

Emplastrum  Ox'idi  Perm  Rubri,  E.  Ftrrx 
rubri,  E.  Rob'orant,  Platter  of  red  oxide  of  iron, 
Strength' ening  platter.  (Empl.  oxid.  plumb,  temi- 
vitr.  p.  xxiv,  retina  pin.  p.  vi,  eera  fiana,  olei 
olea  Europ.  sing.  p.  iij,  oxidi  ferri  rubr.  p.  vuj. 
Rub  the  red  oxide  of  iron  with  the  oil,  and  add 
the  other  ingredients  melted.  Ph.  E.)  It  is 
employed  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 

Emplastrum  ex  Oxido  plumbi  semivitreo, 
E.  plumbi — e.  Oxidi  plnmbi  semivitrei,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitrei  gummosum,  E.  gum- 
mosum. 

Emplastrum  Phgeniobum,  Diapalma — e.  ex 
Oxido  plumbi  rubro  compositum,  E.  Norimber- 
gense. 

Emplastrum  Picis  Burgun'diok,  Emplastrum 
Picit,  Burgundy  Pitch  Platter,  Pitch  Platter, 
(Picit  Burgund.  fbvj ;  eera  /lava,  Ibss.-Ph.  U.  8.) 
Emplastrum  Picis  Compos'itum,  E.  cephal'- 
icum,  Cephalic  platter,  Compound  pitch  platter. 
(Pieit  arid.  Ibij,  abietit  retina  Ibj,  retina  flava, 
eerafiava,  aa  Ziv,  myritt.  ol  £j,  ol.  oliv.,  aqua, 
&§,  flij.  To  the  pitch,  resin,  and  wax,  melted 
together,  add  the  other  matters  and  mix.  Ph.  L.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient  Sometimes  used 
in  headaoh, — applied  to  the  temples.  See  De- 
pilatory. 

Emplastrum  Picis  cum  Cajitharide,  E.  Ca- 
lefaeien8. 

Emplastrum  db  PioS  et  Resi'ihs  Glu'ti- 
KAlfS,  E.  Andrea  de  Oruce,  Empldtre  d'AndrS  de 
la  Oroix,  E.  collant  de  poix  et  de  ritinet,  Adhe- 
sive platter  of  pitch  and  retint.  (Picit  alba,  p. 
128,  retin  elemi,  p.  32,  terebinth,  pur.  p.  16,  ol. 
law.  p.  16.  Melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Used  in  contusions  and 
fractures  as  a  support. 

Emplastrum  Plumbi,  E.  lythar'gyri,  E.  com- 
mu'ni,  E.  diach'ylum,  E.  ox'idi  plumbi  temivi'- 
trei,  E.  ex  oxido  plumbi  temivitreo,  Diach'ylon 
simplex  t  White  Diach'ylon,  Lead  platter,  Diach'- 
ylon platter.  (Plumbi  oxid.  temivitr.  in  pulv.  my, 
olei  oliv.,  cong.,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  together  oyer  a 
slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  until  the  oil  and 
oxide  of  lead  cohere.  Ph.  U.  8.) 
Emplastrum  Poltchrsstum,  E.  resinsB. 
Emplastrum  Resi'njs,  E.  adhati'vum,  E.  li- 
thar'gyri  cum  reti'nd,  E.  retino'tum,  E.  nygmatf- 
icum,  Retin  platter,  Adhe'tive  or  Sticking  platter, 
Emplastrum  commu'ni  cum  reti'nd,  E.  Polychret*- 
tum,  E.  lithargyr'icum  cum  reti'nd  pirn.  (Retin. 
Ibss.  emp.  plumb,  Ibiij.  Melt  the  plaster,  with  a 
gentle  heat,  add  the  resin,  and  mix.  PA.  U.  8.) 
Employed  in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Baynton't  adhesive  platter  is  made  by  melting 
one  pound  of  lead  platter  and  six  drachms  of 
retin  together. 

Emplastrum  Rbsctosum,  E.  Resins*  —  e.  Ro- 
borans,  E.  Ferri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Rubefians,  E.  lyttea. 

Emplastrum  Sapo'wis,  E.  tapona'ceum,  Soap 
platter.  (Saponit  concit.  giv,  emplatt.  plumb. 
fbiij.  Mix  the  soap  with  the  melted  plaster,  and 
boil  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  8.)  It  is  a 
mild  discutient.  Applied  to  tumours,  corns,  Ac. 
Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  ceres — e.  Spermatis 
ceti,  Ceratum  cetaftei. 

Emplastrum  Thuris,  Frank' ineente  platter. 
(Emp.  lithargyri,  Ibij,  thurit,  fogs,  oxid.  ferri. 
rubr.  5 iij.  PA.  D.,)  Use:— the  same  as  the  plaster 
of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Emplastrum  Vesicatorium,  Blister,  E.  lytt» 
-e.de  Vigo  cum  mercurio  emendatum,  E.  hy- 
drargrri  eompositum, 


Oroix,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis  gjntinans— - 
e.  de  digue",  Emplastrum  cicutse  — e.  Collant  de 
poix  et  de  ritinet,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis 
glutinans — e.  de  Oomme  rttine,  Emplastrum  com 
gummi-resinis <—  e.  de  Nuremberg,  .Emplastrum 
Norimbergense. 
EMPLATTOMENOS,  Emphractious. 
EMPNEUMAT0SI5,    Emphysema,    Inspira- 
tion. 
EMPOISONNEMENT,  Poisoning, 
EMPO'RIUM,  tpweptov,  (tu  or  a,  and  vom*, 
« a  way,)  '  a  market  or  depoV    The  brain  was  so 
called,  of  old,  because  there  all  the  mental  affairs 
are  transacted. 
Emporium  Spirttuum,  Sensorium. 
EMPOSIS,  Imbibition. 
EMPREINTE,  Impression. 
EMPRESIS,  Empresma. 
EMPRES'MA,  Empret'mut,  Empre'tit,  from 
cpvprfiu,   'I    burn    internally.'      Inflammation. 
Phlegmasia  tnembrano'ta   et  parynchymato'ta, 
Phlogit'tici,  Febrtt  continues  inflammato'ria,  In- 
fiamma'tio  interna,  Cau'ma,  Inter1  nal  inflamma- 
tion.   A  genus  in  the  class  Iiamatica,  order  phlo- 
gotica,  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  trachealir— 
e.  Bronchlemmitis,  Cynanche  trachealis — e.  Car- 
ditis, Carditis — e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis— e.  Cys- 
titis, Cystitis — e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis — e.  Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — e.  Hyster- 
ics, Metritis — e.  Nephritis,  Nephritis— e.  Orchitis, 
Hernia  humoralis—e.  Otitis,  Otitis  —  e.  Paristh- 
mitis,  Cynanche — e.  Paristhraitia  tonsillnris  ma- 
ligna, Cynanche  maligna  —  e.  Paris thmitis  pha- 
ryngea,  Cynanche  pharyngea  — e.  Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — e.  Parotitis,  Cy- 
nanche parotideea — e.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — e. 
Peritonitis  mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Periton- 
itis omen  talis,  Epiploitis— e.  Picis  cum  Cantharide, 
E.  calefaciens — e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis — e.  Pleuritis 
diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis — e.  Pneumonitis, 
Pneumonia — e.  Splenitis,  Splenitis. 
EMPRESMUS,  Empresma. 
EMTRION,  from  tv,  and  rpi»v,  <a  saw.'  Ser- 
rated. Galen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  by  the  artery  under 
the  fingers  is  analogous  to  that  which  would  be 
caused  by  the  unequal  teeth  of  a  saw. 
EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis. 
EMPROSTHOT'ONOS,  Emprotthoton'ia,  En- 
ta'tia  tefanut  anti'cut,  Tetanus  anticut,  from 
tuirpoeSsr,  'forwards,'  and  rttvu,  'I  stretch/  'I 
extend.'  A  variety  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body 
is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  contraction 
of  the  muscles. 

EMPSYCHO'SIS,  from  efu^ow,  (tv,  and 
ipvX»>  'life>')  '*  animate,'  'I  vivify/    A  word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating.  The  union 
of  tho  soul  with  the  body. 
EMPTOE,  Haemoptysis. 
EMPTOICA  PASSIO,  Haemoptysis. 
EMPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 
EMPTYSMA,  Sputum. 
EMPYE,  Empyema. 

EMPYE'MA,  Empye'tit,  Em'pyi,  from  tv,  'in, 
and  *vov,  'pus.'  Apotte'ma  empye'ma.  A  collec- 
tion of  blood  or  pus,  and,  conventionally,  of  other 
lluid,~in  some  cavity  of  the  hody,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  of  the  pleura.  Empyema  is  one  of 
the  terminations  of  inflammation  of  the  pleura, 
and  is  called,  also,  Pyotho'rax  verut,  Pleurorrhce'a 
purulen'ta,  Diapye'ma,  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye'tit,  Em- 
pye'tit pee'torit,  Pyo'tit  pec'torit,  Hydrotho'rax 
purulen'tut,  Dytpna'apyothorac"icat  Pneumo'nia 
tuppurato'ria,  Abtcet'tut  pec' tons f  A.  Thora'cit, 


EMPLATRE,  Emplastrum—*.  d'Andri  de  la  I  PleurapotU'ma,  Pleuropye'tit,  (f!)  Pyopleurit*. 


EMPYBSI8 


324 


KMYS 


The  operation  for  empyema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  iasne  to  the  matter  collected  in 
the  oavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
need  for  the  operation  required  for  the  evacuation 
of  any  fluid  from  tho  chest,  or  synonymously 
with  Paracentesis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SISj  same  etymon.  Suppuration. 
An  eruption  of  phlegmonous  pimples,  gradually 
filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  terminating  in 
thick  scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or  scabs. 
Pus'tulous  Exan'them.  A  genus  in  the  order  Ex- 
anthematiea,  class  Ucematica  of  Good.  See  Em- 
pyema. 

Emftesis  Oculi,  Hypopyon — e.  Pectoris,  Em- 
pyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia 
adiposa. 

EMPYOCE'LE,  from  ev,  'in,'  wvov,  'pus,'  and 
cnXn,  *  tumour/  '  hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Diffe- 
rent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  such  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  empy- 
ema of  tho  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of  pus 
in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac,  abscesses  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
scrotum,  Ac. 

EMPYOM'PHALUS,  from  tv,  'in/  mov,  'pus,' 
and  op<pa\os,  'the  navel.'  This  word  has  been 
used  to  designate  a  suppurating  tumour  at  the 
umbilicus ;  or,  at  times,  umbilical  hernia,  the  sao 
of  which  is  filled  with  blood. 

EMPYOS,  Purulent 

EMPYREU'MA,  from  qurvpevu,  (tr,  and  wp. 
'fire/)  'I  kindle/  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products — gaseous  and  liquid 
—contract,  >)ien  animal  or  vegetable  substances 
are  decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The  cause 
of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil,  called  empyreu- 
mat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  substance  sub- 
jected to  the  operation,  but  is  the  result  of  its 
decomposition.  If  the  empyreuma  occurs  when 
the  organic  substance  is  placed  in  a  still  with  a 
liquid,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid  matter  touching 
tho  bottom  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  fire  is  ap- 
plied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Empyreumat'icu*  :  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma,  —  as  an  em- 
pyreumatic  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  Febric"itans,  from  *»p,  'fire  or 
fever/    One  who  has  fever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Celebrated 
springs  on  tho  river  Lahn,  duchy  of  Nassau. 
Tbey  are  thermal  (from  83  to  115°  Fahrenheit,) 
and  carbonated  salines,  containing  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  ohlorido  of  sodium ;  arvl 
are  much  used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec- 
tions, <tc. 

EMUL'GENT,  Emnl'gens,  from  emulgere,  (e, 
and  mulgcrc,)  'to  milk  out,'  'to  draw  out'  A 
name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein,  because 
the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it  were, 
the  urine  through  the  kidneys.    See  Renal. 

EMULSIN,  see  Amygdalin- 

EMUL'SIO,  Emulsion;  same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky-white, 
opaque  appearance,  which  is  composed  of  oil,  di- 
vided and  held  in  suspension  in  water  by  means 
of  mucilage.  Emulsions  have  been  divided  into 
tho  true  and  oily,  and  into  the  false  or  not  oily; 
tho  latter  being  composed  of  resinous  substances, 
balsams,  or  camphor,  rubbed  up  with  dilute  al- 
cohol, mucilage,  or  yolk  of  egg. 

Emulsio  Aca'cije  Arab'ios,  EmuVsio  Arab'- 
iea  ;  Gum  Ar'abic  Emul'sion.  (Nucleor.  amygd. 
c*wm.  5j»  aqua  Ibijss,  mucilay.  acae.  Jij,  sacch. 
5*iv.    While  beating  the  decorticated  almonds 


with  the  sugar  and  water,  add  the  mucilage.  — 
Ph.  E.)    Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last 

Emulsio  Amyq'dal*:,  Lac  amy  g' da  Us,  EmuF- 
sio  simplex.  Amygdala' turn,  Mittu'ra  amygdala, 
Emulsio  sive  Lac  Amygdala'rum,  Almond  Emul- 
sion, Almond  Milk,  (F.)  Lait  oVamandes.  (Amyg- 
dal.  dulc.  J ss ;  Acacia,  in  pulv.  gss;  Sacchar. 
£g;  Aquas  destillat.  f^viij.  Macerate  the  al- 
monds in  water,  and  having  removed  their  ex- 
ternal coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  and 
sugar,  in  a  marble  mortar,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed ;  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 
water  gradually  added,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  6.) 
It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Aktiiiysterica,  Mistura  asafcetidio 
— e.  Arabica,  Emulsio  acacue  Arabic®. 

Emulsio  Cau'pborm,E.  Camphora'ta,  3fistu'ra 
Camphora;  Camphor  Emulsion.  (Camphor a  ^j, 
amygd,  com.  decortic,  sacch.  dur.,  aa  £iv,  aquat 
gvj.  —  Ph.  E.)  A  convenient  form  for  giving 
camphor. 

Emulsio  Guaiaciha,  Mistura  guaiaci— e.  Le- 
niens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Amygdala^rum  ;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Almonds,  (01.  amygd.  5j,  gum  acae.  pulv. 
3>U»  •yrwP«  Si»  aau&  destill.  31V.  Mix.  A  good 
pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Ric"ihi ;  Castor  Oil  Emulsion 
(01.  ricini  3£ss,  vitelli ovi  q.  b.,  aqua  destillat.  Jj.) 
An  aperient  draught 

Emulsio  O'lei  Terebin'thikjs;  Emulsion  0/ 
Oil  of  Turpentine,  (01.  tereb.  rect.  Qij.  sacek. 
alb.  39s.  vitell.  ovi),  emuls.  amygd.  vel  aqua  de- 
stillat. £vj.  Mix.  In  rheumatic  and  nephritio 
affections.     Dose  f^iss. 

Emulsio  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Jala'pjs  Risi'.xa, 
Purging  Emulsion  tcith  Resin  of  Jalap.  (Ja- 
lapa  resin,  gr.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  gij.  Triturate  for 
some  time,  and  add  gradually  half  tbe  yolk  of 
an  egg ;  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emuls.  simpl.  3£v,  aq.fior,  aurant.  IJij. — Ph.  P.) 

Emulsio  Purganb  cum  Scammo'nio;  Purging 
Emuhion  with  Scammony.  It  is  prepared  like 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  Scammony  for 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  Amygdala?. 

EMULSION,  Emulsio — e.  Almond,  Emulsio 
amygdalae— e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  Caraphorse— e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini  —  e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  acacia;  Arabicse-^*.  Huileuse,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  Almonds,  Emulsio  olei  nmygda- 
larum— e.  of  Oil  of  Turpentine,  Emulsio  olei  tere- 
binthinse — e.  Purging^Vith  resin  of  jalap,  Emul- 
sio purgans  cum  jalapsB  rcsina-r-e.  Purging,  with 
scammony.  Emulsio  purgans  cum  scammonio. 

EMUL'SIVE,  Emulsi'vus;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression ;  such  as  almonds,  apricots, 
peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds ;  those  of 
the  nut  kind,  and  cucurbitaceous  and  cruciferous 
plants  in  general. 

EMUNCTORIUM,  Emunctory  — e.  Cerebri, 
Nasus. 

EMUNCTORY,  Emuncto'rium,  from  emungere, 
(e,  and  mungere,)  'to  drain  off/  'to  cleanse.' 
Emissa'rium,  (¥.)  Emonctoire,  Emissaire.  Any 
organ  whose  office  it  is  to  give  issue  to  matters 
which  ought  to  be  excreted.  The  ancients  be- 
lieved that  some  organs  were  more  particularly 
destinod  to  serve  as  emunctories  of  others :  the 
nasal  fossse,  for  example,  they  believed  to  be  the 
emunctories  of  the  brain. 

EMUNDANTIA.  Detergents. 

EMYS  PALUS'TRIS,  Salt  Water  Terrapin. 
This  species  of  turtle  is  found  exclusively  in  sail 
or  brackish  waters,  near  the  sea  shore,  along  the 
whole  Atlantic  coast    It  is  much  prized  by  the 


EN 


825 


ENCEPHALOID 


epicure,  and  is  nutritions  and  tolerably  easy  of 
digestion  when  dressed  plain. 

EN,  see  Em. 

ENADELPHIA,  Embottement. 

ENjEMA,  Haemostatics. 

EN^MON,  Styptic. 

EKfiORE'MA,  from**,  'in/  and  aiuptw,  'I 
lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs  or  floats  in/  The 
Neph'cli,  Nubes,  Sublima men' turn,  Sublima'tio, 
Subli'mi,  Suspen'sum,  S.  Uri'nce,  Suspen'ea,  Nu- 
bec'ula  or  cloud,  which  is  suspended  in  the  urine 
as  it  cools. 

ENAM'EL  OP  THE  TEETH,  Den'tium  Nitor, 
Cortex,  Ooriex  stria'ta,  Substantia  Jilamento'ea 
of  Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina  den'tium,  Crusta 
Den'tium  adaman'tina,  Adamantine  substance. 
The  substance  which  covers  the  coronn  of  tho 
teeth,  and  which  has,  also,  been  called  the  vitre- 
ous substance,  Subet/in'tia  vifrea,  (P.)  Substance 
vitrie  on  emaillfe,  Email  de»  Dents,  The  enamel 
is  of  a  milky-white  colour,  and  sufficiently  hard 
to  strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very 
smooth  and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker 
layer  towards  the  part  where  the  teeth  come  in 
contact,  and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix. 
The  fibres  of  the  enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
seem,  as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
velvety  appearance,  when  examined  by  the  mi- 
croscope. The  enamel  has  no  blood  vessels,  and 
is  not  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion  of 
animal  matter. 

ENANTHE'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  oertain  eruptions  of  the 
raucous  membrane,  as  exanthema  is  to  certain 
eruptions  of  the  skin. 

ENANTHE'SIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  avStta,  'I 
flourish/  Rash  exan'them.  Eruption  of  red,  level 
or  nearly  level  patches,  variously  figured,  irre- 
gularly  diffused,  often  confluent,  and  terminating 
in  cuticular  exfoliations.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Exanthematica,  class  Hamatica  of  Cullen,  inclu- 
ding scarlet  fever,  measles,  Ac. 

Exanthesis  Rosalia,  Scarlatina — e.  Urtica- 
ria, Urticaria. 

ENANTIOPATHIC,  Palliative. 

ENARTHRO'SIS,  Inarticula'tio,  Ball  and 
Socket-joint,  from  tv,  'in/  and  apSpaats,  'an  arti- 
culation/ A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  in 
which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received  into  the 
cavity  of  another,  and  can  be  moved  in  all  direc- 
tions. The  joint  of  the  os  fern  oris  with  the  os- 
innominatum  is  one  of  this  character. 

ENAR'THRUM,  from  tv,  'in/  and  apOpov,  'a 
joint'    A  foreign  body  in  a  joint 

ENAUSMA,  Pomites. 

ENCAN'THIS,  from  tv,  'in/  and  savBos,  'the 
angle  of  the  eye/  A  tumour,  formed  by  an  in- 
crease in  size,  or  a  degeneration,  of  the  caruncula 
lachrymalis.  Any  morbid  growth  in  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

Excaxthis  Benio'na.  Simple  excrescence  of 
the  caruncula.  It  commonly  yields  to  astringent 
eollyria. 

Encanthis  Fuhgo'sa.  A  condition  of  the  se- 
milunar fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle,  in  which 
they  are  the  .seat  of  morbid  growths. 

Encanthis  Inflaxvato'ria.  Inflammation 
with  enlargement — swelling — of  the  semilunar 
fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle. 

Encanthis  Malig'na  has  often  a  cancerous 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  size. 

ENCARPOS,  Pregnant 

ENCASING,  Emblement. 

ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 


ENCATHIS'MA,  Semicu'pium.  With  the  an- 
cients  Encathis'ma,  syKaSispa,  meant  a  vapour- 
bath  taken  sitting.  * 

ENCAU'MA,  from  tv,  'in/  and  cava,  'I  burn/ 
Epicau'mis,  Epicau'eis,  Encau'eis.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn.  A  burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  loss  of  the 
humours. — Aetius,  Gorrous. 

ENCAUSIS,  Burn,  Encauma,  Moxibustion. 

ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  En- 
causse  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Haute- Garonne,  which  possesses  several  saline, 
acidulous  springs. 

ENCAYURE,  Argema. 

ENCEINTE,  Pregnant. 

ENCENS,  Junipcrus  lycia. 

ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hydro- 
pica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPHAI/IC,  Encephal'icus,  from  tv,  'in/ 
and  KtfaXn, '  the  head/  That  which  is  situate  in 
the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  ports  which 
relate  to  the  encephalon,  as,  the  encephalic  mem- 
branes, musclee,  Ac. 

ENCEPHALI'TIS:  same  etymon.  This  term 
has  been  used,  by  some  nosologists,  synonymously 
with  Cephali'tis  and  Phreni'tis.  By  others,  it  has 
been  appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the  brain, 
in  contradistinction  to  that  of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis  Exbudatoria,  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  e.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— e.  Insolationis,  Coup-de-soleil — e.  Membranosa, 
Meningitis — e.  Peripherics*  Meningitis — e.  Pota- 
torum, Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 

ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  tyict<pa\ov,  'the 
brain,'  and  m/Xn,  'a  tumour/  Hernia  Cerebri, 
Fungus  Cerebri,  Cranioce'le,  Hernia  of  the  Brain. 
This  may  be  a  congenital  or  accidental  affection. 
In  the  former  case,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy 
ossification  of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  con- 
formation. In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some 
considerable  loss  of  substance  in  the  parietcs  of 
the  cranium,  produced  by  fractures,  wounds  with 
a  cutting  instrument,  caries,  the  application  of 
the  trephine,  Ac.  In  slight  congenital  encepha- 
locele,  gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon  the 
protruded  portion.  When  the  disease  is  of  con- 
siderable extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental  ence- 
phalocele,  similar  means  must  be  used  for  con- 
fining the  tumour,  and  preserving  it  from  the 
action  of  external  bodies. 

ENCEPIIALOCHYSIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— e.  Senilis,  Apoplexy,  serous. 

ENCEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 

ENCEPHALOH^MIA,  Cephalaemia. 

ENC£PHAL0H&M1E,  Cephalgia. 

ENCEPH'ALOID,  Encephaloldee,  Ceph'aloid, 
Cephaldidee,  Cephalo'ma,  from  tyxtfaXov,  'the 
brain,'  and  tiSos,  'resemblance/  Laenneo  has 
given  the  term  Enceph'aloid  or  Cer'ebriform 
matter  to  one  of  the  morbid  substances  commonly 
formed  by  scirrhous  or  cancerous  tumours.  It  is 
either  encysted,  in  irregular  masses  without  cysts, 
or  infiltrated  into  the  texture  of  the  diseased  or- 
gan. This  name  was  given  to  it  in  consequence 
of  its  resemblance,  when  fully  developed,  to  the 
medullary  substance  of  the  brain.  It  is  also 
called  Fungus  medulla' ris,  F.  Oancro'eus  medul- 
la'rie,  Sarco'ma  medulla' re,  Spongoid  inflamma- 
tion, Fungus  cerebra'lis,  Cancer  cerebri/or,m9t 
Cancer  mollie,  C.  Medulla' rie,  Carcino'ma  meduU 
la're,  C.  Spongio'sum,  Carci'nus  spongio'sus,  Mye- 
lo'ma,  Myelomy'ces,  Myelospon'gus,  Tela  accident 
ta'lis  medulla' ris,  (F.)  Matiire  ciribri/orme,  Car* 
cinome  mou  et  spongeux,  Tumeur  enciphaloldo, 
Fongus  midullaire,  Carcin6me  sanglant,  Cancer 
mou;  Milt-like  tumou  ,  Med'ullirjf  sarcoma,  CtV- 


ENCEPHALOLOGIA 


Udar  cancar,  Fungoid  disease,  ffamatocer'ebriform 
disease.    See  Cancer. 

Ekcephaloid  Tumour  of  thb  Lmra,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

ENCEPHALOLOG"IA,  from  tyKtfaXos,  'the 
encephalon/  and  Xoyos,  '  a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  encephalon. 

ENCE^HALOMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOMALAXIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPH'ALON,  Enceph'alum,  Enceph'alus, 
from  tv,  '  in/  and  xaftaXri,  the  head.'  That  which 
is  situate  in  the  head.  This  name  has  gen  orally- 
been  given  to  the  brain,  cerebellum,  and  mesoce- 
pkalon.  At  times,  it  includes  likewise  the  me- 
dulla spinalis,  whon  it  is  also  called  the  Cerebro- 
spinal axis  and  Neural  axis. 

ENCEPHALOPATHI'A,  from  cywtfaAof,  'the 
encephalon/  and  vados,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of 
the  encephalon. 

Encephalopathy  Puerperalis,  Mania,  puer- 
peral —  e.  Saturnina,  see  Enciphalopathie  satur- 
nine. 

ENCiPHALOPATHIE  ORAPULEUSE, 
Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATHY  SATURNINE,  En- 
cephalopathy a  Saturni'na,  from  syxcfaXot,  'the 
encephalon/  raOos,  'disease/  and saturnus,  Mead.' 
Enoephalic  disorder  occasioned  by  the  poison  of 
lead. 

ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  sen 
Strumo'ses  seu  Tuber' cula  cer'ebri.  Tubercles  of 
the  brain. 

ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS,  see  Encephalo- 
pyosis. 

ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS,  from  tytt+aUs,  'the 
brain/  and  xvov,  '  pus.'  Aposte'ma  seu  Absces'sus 
seu  Helco'sis  cer'ebri.  Suppuration  of  the  brain. 
When  accompanied  with  emaciation  and  hectic, 
it  is  called  Encephalapthi'sis. 

ENCEPHALORRHAGIA,  see  Apoplexy. 

ENCEPHALOSCOPIA,  Craniology. 

ENCEPHALOSEPSIS,  Mollities  cerebri 

ENCEPHALOSIS  OF  THE  LITER,  Hepa- 
toscirrhus. 

ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus in  tern  us. 

ENCEPHALUM,  Encephalon. 

ENCEPnALUS  OPISTHIUS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

ENCHARAXIS,  Scarification. 

ENCHEIRE'SIS,  Enchire'sis,  Enckei'ria,  from 
cv,  and  xciP>  '^oe  hand.'  Galen  uses  this  term  as 
a  part  of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  which  treats 
of  dissection.  It  means  the  mwnnal  treatment  of 
any  subject. 

ENCHEIRIA,  Encheiresis. 

ENCHIFRENEMENT,  Coryia, 

ENCHIRESIS,  Encheiresis. 

ENCHONDROMA,  Chondroma. 

ENCHORIONOSUS,  Endemic. 

ENCHORIOS,  Endemic 

ENCHRISTON,  Liniment. 

ENCHYLOSIS,  Extraction. 

ENCHYMA,  Infusum,  Plethora. 

ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchymo'sis,  from  a,  and 
Xw»>  '  I  pour.'  By  the  ancients,  this  word  was 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  cutaneous  vessels  which  arises  from  joy, 
anger,  or  shamo ;  in  the  last  instance  constituting 
blushing.  It  differs  from  enchymosis  in  there 
being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of  blood  into 
the  areolar  texture,  and  its  being  produced  by 
an  external  cause j  a  contusion,  for  example. — 
Hippocrates.  v 

KNCHYSIS,  Infusion. 


326  ENDERMIC 

ENCLAV&E,  Wedged. 

ENCLAYEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENCLUME,  Incus. 

ENCLYDAS'TICOS,  intus  fluc'tuans,  from  sy- 
k\via$ouat,  'to  float  in.'  Applied  to  liquids,  e.  g. 
to  serum,  pus,  Ac,  contained  in  any  cavity. 

ENCLYSMA,  Clyster,  Enema. 

ENCCE'LIA,  from  rv,  'in,'  and  KotXia, '  the  bel- 
ly.'   The  abdominal  viscera.     The  entrails. 

ENCCELIALGIA,  Tormina— e.  Inflammatoria, 
En  coe  litis. 

ENCCELI'TIS,  Encatlii'tis,  Enccslialg"ia  ta- 
flammato'ria,  Infiamma'tio  abdomina' lis,  from 
tyxotXia,  '  the  abdominal  contents/  and  itis,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

ENCOLPIS'MUS,  from  «,  'in/  and  »Xm* 
'  the  vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any 
thing  into  the  vagina. 

ENCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

ENCRANION,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRANIS,  CerebeUum. 

ENCRE,  Atramentum. 

ENCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMON,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYSIS,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYST'ED,  Cyttidl  obduc'tus,  Sacta'tvs, 
Saccula'tus,  Sac'cated,  Sacculated,  Pouched. 
Enclosed  in  a  kyst  or  cyst,  or  pouch ;  from  cr, 
'in/  and  kvvtis,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Enkysti.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  fluid 
collections  enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or 
cyst  They  are  movable  and  often  elastic  to  the 
touch. 

ENCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tunica'tus,  T.  cys'Hcms, 
Emphy'ma  eneys'tis.  Same  etymon.  Lu'pia, 
Glan'dula  AviceWna,  Nodus.  An  encysted  tu- 
mour. 

ENDAN'GIUM;  properly  Endangi'on,  from 
tvSov,  '  within/  and  ayyuav,  '  a  vessel.'  The  se- 
rous or  lining  membrane  of  vessels. 

ENDEICTICOS,  Indicant. 

ENDEIX10L"OGY,  EndeixioIog"ia-  from  c*. 
tufa,  '  indication/  and  Xoyos,  '  a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  of  indications. 

ENDEIXIS,  Indication. 

ENDEMIA,  Endemic. 

ENDEM'IC,  Endem'ieal,  Ende'mia,  Regional 
lis  morbus,  Endem'icus,  from  ev,  '  in,'  and  £q/i«f, 
'the  people/  Encho'rios,  Enthorion'osur,  Ker- 
nac'ulus  seu  Endemius  morbus,  End  em  y.  A  dis- 
ease is  said  to  be  endemic,  or  to  arise  from  ende- 
mic" ity,  (F.)  endemiciti,  when  it  is  owing  to  some 
peculiarity  in  a  situation  or  locality.  Thus,  ague  ie 
endemic  in  marshy  countries ;  goitre  at  the  base 
of  lofty  mountains,  Ac.  Some  authors  use  the 
term  in  the  same  sense  as  epidemic  We  have 
no  accurate  knowledge  of  the  emanations  or 
other  circumstances  which  give  occaeion  to  en- 
domic  affections.  We  seem  to  know  that  some 
emanation  from  marshy  lands  does  produce  in- 
termittents ;  but  we  are  ignorant  of  the  nature  of 
such  emanation. 

END£MI0IT£,  see  Endemic. 

ENDEMICITY,  see  Endemic. 

ENDEMIOL'OGY,  Endemiolog"ia,  from  tvis- 
uia,  'an  endemic/  and  Xoyos,  ' a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  of  endemic  diseases. 

ENDEMY,  Endemic. 

ENDEPIDERMIS,  Epithelium. 

ENDER'MIC,  Ender'micus,  Endermat'icus, 
Emplas'tro-endermic,  from  cv, '  in/  and  iepfta,  'the 
skin.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  method  of  treat- 
ing diseases  by  placing  the  therapeutical  agent 
in  contact  with  the  skin,  especially  after  the  cu- 
ticle has  been  removed ;  Endermism,  Endermi**— 
inus,  Endermo'sis,  Meth'odus  ender'mica  sen  •*- 


ENDERMIS 


S2T 


ENEMA 


dsrmat'ica.    Morphia,  strychnia,  Ac,  are  often 
administered  in  this  way. 

ENDERMIS,  see  Endermie. 

ENDERMISMUS,  see  Endermie 

ENDERMOS1S,  see  Endermie. 

EN'DESIS,  from  a>,  'in/  and  cm,  'I  bind.' 
A  ligature,  bandage,  connexion.  Hippocrates 
has  so  termed  the  ankle-joint 

ENDIVE,  Ciohorinm  endivia— e.  Wild,  Cieho- 
rinm  intybus. 

ENDIVIA,  Cichoriam  endivia. 

ENDIXIS,  Indication. 

ENDO,  from  tviov,  *  within/  A  common  prefix, 
as  in  the  following  terms : 

ENDO-AORTI'TIS,  from  t»3ov,  'within/  and 
aortitis,  '  inflammation  of  the  aorta.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta. 

ENDO-ARTERITI&,  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOCAR'DIAC,  Endocardial,  Endocardi'- 
aens :  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  to  the 
endocardium,  or  to  the  interior  of  the  heart ;  as 
'  endocardiac  sound  or  murmur/ — a  sound  pro- 
duced within  the  cavities  of  the  heart,  in  contra- 
distinction to  exocardiac  or  exocardial  sounds  or 
murmurs,  which  are  induced  by  conditions  of  the 
external  surface  of  the  organ. 

ENDOCARDI'TIS,  Carditis  interna,  Inflam- 
ma'tio  superflc"iei  inter' n&  cordis,  Inter' nal  Car- 
ditis, Inflamma'tion  of  the  internal  membrane  of 
the  heart,  from  Endocard'ium,  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  heart,  and  itU,  inflammation.  In 
this  disease,  the  heart's  action  is  visibly  in- 
creased, and  very  manifest  to  the  touch ;  the 
hand  is  strongly  repelled,  and,  at  moments,  is 
sensible  of  a  trembling  vibratory  motion.  Per- 
cussion gives  a  dull  sound  over  a  surface  of  seve- 
ral inches,  owing,  according  to  Bouillaud,  to  the 
inflammatory  turgescence  of  the  heart,  and  the 
engorged  state  of  its  cavities.  On  auscultation 
a  bruit  de  soufllet  is  generally  heard,  masking 
one  or  both  sounds  of  the  heart ;  and  the  ear  is 
sensible  of  a  metallic  ringing  with  each  systole 
of  the  ventricle.  The  pulsations  are  rapid  as 
well  as  strong,  and,  with  few  exceptions,  irregu- 
lar, unequal  and  intermittent  The  pulse,  by  the 
way,  does  not  always  indicate  the  force  or  num- 
ber of  the  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAR'DIUM,  from  tvtov,  '  within/  and 
KBp&ia,  'the  heart'  The  membrane  that  lines 
the  interior  of  the  heart 

ENDO  CHORION,  see  Chorion. 

ENDOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ENDODONTI'TIS,  (P.)  Inflammation  de  la 
Pufpe  dentaire,  Inflammation  of  the  Dental  mem- 
brane, from  tvlov,  'within/  oiov*,  'a  tooth/  and 
Uis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  membrane  of  a  tooth. 

ENDO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ENDOGASTRI'TIS,  Esogastri'tis;  from  triov, 
'within/  and  gastritis,  ' inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach/ Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 

ENDOOEN,  see  Endogenous. 

ENDOGENOUS;  from  tvhw,  'within/  and 
ytvvau,  'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to 
plants — hence  called  End'ogens — in  which  the 
new  woody  matter  is  deposited  within  the  old 
and  towards  the  centre.  In  the  animal,  cells  are 
often  formed  endogenously,  or  within  the  cells,  as 
In  the  oase>  of  the  sperm  vesicles. 

ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine  auditive. 

ENDOMETRITIS,  from  tvfov,  'within/  and 
metritis,  'inflammation  of  the  uterus/  Inflam- 
mation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

ENDONARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOSIS,  Remission. 
'  EtfDO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 


ENDOSMOSE,  Endosmo'sis,  ImUUf'io,  It*, 
bib  it"  ion,  from  tviov,  'within/  and  ctraof,  'im- 
pulse.' A  term  used  by  Dutrochet,  to  express 
the  action  by  which  fluids  pass  from  without 
to  within  organic  membranes.  The  action  of 
two  fluids  on  each  other,  when  separated  by  a 
membrane.  The  general  conditions  of  the  phe- 
nomena are: — first,  that  they  should  have  an 
affinity  for  the  interposed  membrane;  and  se- 
condly, that  they  should  have  an  affinity  for  each 
other,  and  be  miscible. 

At  the  present  day,  endosmose  is  generally  used 
to  signify  the  passage  of  the  more  transmissible 
fluid,  whilst  exosmose  signifies  that  of  the  least 
transmissible.  The  rapidity  with  which  endos- 
mose  is  accomplished  varies  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  septum  or  tissue  and  of  the  pene- 
trating body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of  the  tissue. 

ENDOSMOT'IC,  Endosmot'icve;  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  endosmose : — as  an  'endosmotic  cur- 
rent' 

ENDOSTEI'TIS,  from  ivfov,  'within/  ocrtop, 
'a  bone/  and  iris,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  internal  periosteum. 

ENDOSTEUM,  Medullary  membrane. 

ENDOUTERITIS,  see  Metritis. 

ENDUIT  (P.),  from  induere,  'to  put  npon, 
'  to  put  on.'  A  coat ;  a  fur.  This  term  is  often 
applied  to  a  layer  of  greater  or  less  thickneas 
which  covers  the  surface  of  certain  organs,  and 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  the  interior  of  the 
mouth.  The  enduit  is  designated  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — enduit  bilieux,  jattne, 
blanc,  Ac. — a  bilious,  yellow,  white  coat  or  /«r, 
Ac  It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  the  secretions ;  at  others, 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  secretions: — gene- 
rally, to  both  causes  combined. 

ENDUIT  CH0R01DIEN,  see  Choroid. 

ENDURCISSEMENT,  Induration  —  e.  du 
Cerreau,  Sclerencephalia — e.  Rouge,  see  Hepati- 
zation— e.  du  Cceur,  CardioscUrosie — e.  du  Tissu 
cellulaire,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

ENDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma 
ventriculorum. 

ENECHEMA,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ENECIA,  Synocha — e.  Can  ma,  Synocha — e. 
Synochus  Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis — e.  Syno- 
cbus,  Synochus. 

EN'EMA,  from  tvtnui,  (cv, and  iijut,)  'to  inject* 
Clysma,  Clysmus,  Enclys'ma,  Lavamen'tum,  LSttio. 
An  Injection,  Clyster,  (F.)  Clyetire,  Lavement. 
A  well-known  form  of  conveying  medicine  into 
the  intestinal  canal.     See  Clyster. 

Enema  Anod'ynum,  Enema  O'pii ;  An'odyne 
Clyster,  Starch  and  Opium  Clyster.  (Qelat.  amyli 
Oes,  tinct.  opii  gtt  40  vel  60.)  Exhibited  in  cases 
of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

Enema  Cathar'ticum  ;  Purmng  Clyster. 
{Manna  Jj,  decoct,  chamam,  comp.  £x,  old  oliv. 
3J,  snlph.  magnet.  Jss.     Ph.  D.) 

Enema  Commu'nk  ;  Common  Clyster,  Domestic 
Clyster.  (  Water  gruel,  or  molasses  and  water  Oss 
or  Oj  ;  add  a  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spoonful  of 
common  salt.)  Given  as  a  cathartic  enema;  and, 
without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient 

Enema  Fcbt'idum,  Fetid  Clyster;  Mis'tura  asa- 
faet'ida  pro  clys'matl,  Clysma  ton'icum  et  and- 
spasmod'icum  seu  in'citans  et  sedans,  (F.)  Lart 
ment  antispasmodique.  (The  last,  with  the  addi- 
tion o/3U  of  the  tincture  of  asafcetida.  Ph.  D.) 
Given  as  an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne. 

Enema  Nicotian  j  Tobac'co  Clyster.  This 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint  of 
the  Infusum  Tabaci.  It  is  employed  in  cases  of 
strangulated  hernia ;  but  occasionally  acts  as  a 
fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.    The  smoke 


ENEPIDERMIC 


328 


ENSTROPHfi 


ef  tobacco  U  sometimes  thrown  up  the  rectum  to 
produce  the  same  medicinal  effects  as  the  infusion. 

Enema  Opii,  E.  anodynum. 

Enkma  Trrebin'thinjs;  Tur'pentine  Clyster. 
(01.  tereb.  fguj,  gruel  Oss,  one  yolk  of  egg.  In- 
corporate the  turpentine  with  the  yolk,  then  add 
the  grnel.)  To  be  administered  in  cases  of  asca- 
rides,  (ojcynre*.) 

KNEPiDERM'IC,  Enepider'micus,  from  «v, 
'  in/  m,  '  upon/  and  Scpfia,  '  the  skin.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  method  of  treating  diseases, 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  medicines ; 
as  plasters,  blisters,  <fec,  to  the  skin. 

E  N  E  R  E  IS  IS,  Compression. 

ENERGIA,  Action,  Force. 

EN'ERGY,  Energi'a,  from  mpveu,  (tv,  and 
sfyov,  '  action/)  '  I  act.'  Action.  Acting  power. 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  *  muscular  energy;'  the 
*  brain  act*  with  energy.' 

ENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Enervation. 

ENERVA'TION,  Enerva'tiof  from  e,  'out  of/ 
and  nervus,  '  strength.'  The  act  of  weakening — 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debility. 

ENERVATIONES  TENDINEiE,  Inscripti- 
ones  tendinesd  musculorum. 

ENERVITAS,  Inertia. 

ENFANCE,  Infancy. 

ENFANT,  Infans— e.  &  Terme,  see  Foetus — c. 
Legitime,  see  Legitimate. 

ENFLURE,  Swelling,  (Edema— e.  dee  Jambes 
et  dee  cuisses  de  la  femme  accouchie,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENFONCEMENT  SCAPHOlDE,  Scaphoi- 
des  fossa. 

EXOASTERION,  Laboratory. 

EXGASTRIMISME,  see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGASTRIMYSME,  see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGAS'TRIMYTH  ;  Engastrimy' thus,  En- 
glottogas'tor,  Gastril'oouns,  Ventril'oquus,  Gas- 
tril'oquist,  Eu'rycles,  Eurycli'tus,  Enteroman'tis, 
Oast roman' tie,  from  tv,  '  in/  yaarnp,  '  the  belly/ 
and  itvSeapat,  'I  discourse.'  A  Ventriloquist. 
(F.)  Ventriloque,  Gastriloque.  One  who  pos- 
sesses the  art  of  modifying  his  natural  voice,  so 
that  it  seems  to  come  from  a  greater-  or  less  dis- 
tance, and  from  different  directions.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  that  such  persons  spoke  from  the 
belly ;  hence  their  name.  It  is  an  imitative  art, 
and  is  called  Ventriloquism.  (F.)  Engastri- 
tnismc,  Enqastrimysme. 

ENGEISOMA,  Engisoma. 

ENG FLUKE,  Chilblain. 

ENGHIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  A  hydrosulphurous  water,  four 
leagues  from  Paris,  near  Montmorency,  which  is 
possessed  of  some  celebrity.  It  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magne- 
sia, carbonate  of  lime,  silica,  sulphohydrate  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  sulphohydrio  acid,  carbonic 
acid  and  azote. 

ENGISO'MA,  Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from 
cyyi£<d,  'I  approximate.'  (F.)  Embarrure.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splin- 
ter passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind 
of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the  clavicle. 

ENGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 

ENGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimyth. 

ENGOMPnOSIS,  Gomphosis. 

ENGORGEMENT,  from  en,  'in/  and  gorge, 
4  the  throat'  An  obstruction  occurring  in  the 
teasels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation  of 
volume.     Congestion. 

ENGORGEMENT  DES  ME  MB  RES  AB- 
DOMINAUXA  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCUES, 


Phlegmasia  dolens — e.  Hepatic,  Hepatohssmla— 
«.  Laiteux  dee  membree  abdominaux,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENGOUEMENT  (F.),  Obstrue'tio,  Iner'tia, 
from  angere,  'to  choke.'  Accumulation  in  a 
hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  or 
carried  into  it.  There  is  said  to  be  Engouenttnt 
dee  bronchee,  when  the  mucus  accumulates  in  the 
bronchia;  and  Engouement  dee  intestine,  when 
the  matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  the  in- 
testines are  detained;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated 
hernia. 

ENGO  UEMENT  DES  PO  UMONS,  E.  of  the 
lungs,  in  Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  thai 
state  of  the  lungs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and 
thin  fluid  escapes  from  them  when  cut  into. 

ENGOURDISSEMENT,  Torpor. 

ENGRENURE,  Suture. 

ENH^MATOSIS,  HaematoBifl. 

ENIXA,  Puerpera. 

ENIXIO  F(ETl)S,  Parturition. 

ENIXUS  F(ETL>S,  Parturition. 

ENKYSTE,  Encysted. 

ENKTSTEMENT,  Chatonnetnent. 

ENNEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  cvvm,  'nine/ 
and  QappciKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine,  com- 
posed of  nine  simple  ingredients.  A  pessary,  so 
formed.  —  Galen,  Paulus.  The  Antid'otu*  Hera- 
cli'dis,  described  by  Galen,  and  some  plasters  by 
Aetius  and  Celsus,  are,  likewise,  termed  Ennea- 
pharmaca. — Gomeus. 

ENOR'MON,  tvop/uov,  Hormon,  Im'petvm  fa'- 
ciens,  from  tv,  '  in/  and  opfiau,  '  I  rouse,  'excite.' 
A  word  used  by  Hippocrates  in  the  same  sense 
as  vital  principle  is  by  modern  physiologists. 

ENOSIS,  Insertion. 

ENOSTOSIS,  Entosto'sis,  from  tv,  'in/  and 
ovrcov,  'a  bone.'  A  morbid  growth  of  bone  in- 
wards— the  opposite  to  exostosis. 

ENRYTH'MOS,from«r,  andpoV*  'number/ 
Having  rhythm.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
when  its  pulsations  occur  with  some  degree  of 
order.  It  is  opposed  to  Aryth'mos,  and  differs 
from  Eurythmosf  which  signifies  'regular.' 

ENRO UEMENT,  Raucedo. 

ENS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant,  by  this 
term,  the  power  exerted  by  certain  beings  on 
our  body.  He  speaks  of  the  Ens  Dei,  the  Eus 
Astro'rum,  the  Ens  natura'li,  the  Ens  virtu  tisf 
Ens  morbo'rum,  Ens  de  poten'tibus  spirit'ihue,  60. 
These  absurd  denominations  suggested  to  some 
of  the  ancient chy mists  a  name  for  certain  chemi- 
cal preparations.  The  muriate  of  ammonia  and 
iron  was  called  Ens  martis;  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  copper,  Ens  veneris;  and  Ens  primum 
was,  with  the  alchymists,  the  name  of  a  tincture 
which  they  considered  possessed  of  the  power  of 
transmuting  metals. 

Ens  Martis,  Ferrum  ammoniatum— e.  Yeneru 
Boylci,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

EN'SIFORM,  Eneifor'mis,  from  ensie,  «r 
sword/  and  forma,  'form.'     Sword-like. 

Ensiform  Apoph'yskb  or  Progresses  are  the 
lesser  alt©  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Exsiforx  Appen'mx  or  Car'ttlagk  is  the 
xiphoid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  Ac.  See  Xi- 
phoid. 

ENSIFORMIS,  Xiphoid. 

ENSI-STERNAL.  Relating  to  the  ensifom 
process  of  the  sternum.  B6clard  gave* this  name 
to  the  last  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum.  He 
also  called  it  Vos  ultimi-sternaL  See  Ultimo- 
sternal. 

ENSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 

ENSTALAX'IS,  Instillation. 

EN'STROPHE,  from  tv,  'in/  tmd  mifm,  'I 
turn.'    Inversion  of  a  party  as  of  the  eyelids. 


ENTABLEMENT 


329 


BNTER0CAC2 


ENTABLEMENT,  Depression. 
ENTAIL  IE  (F.),  from  en,   'in/  and  tailler, 
'to  cut*    Exeis'io,   Ec'copi,   Ec'tomi.     A  deep 
wound  made  by  a  sharp  instrument  obliquely. 
Entailles  and  Taillades  are,  also,  used  to  desig- 
nate deep  scarifications,  made  for  the  purpose  of 
producing  a  speedy  disgorgement  of  any  tumefied 
part;   such,  for  example,  as  are  made  in  the 
tongue  in  certain  cases  of  glossitis. 
ENTANTIIEMA,  Eisanthema. 
ENTASIA,  Tonic  spasm — e.  Artacularis,  Con- 
tracture—  e.  Loxia,  Torticollis  —  o.  Priapismus, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp — e.  Tetanus, 
Tetanus — e.  Tetanus  anticus,  Emprosthotonos — 
e.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

ENTASIS,  Tonic  spasm. 
ENTAT'ICUS,   Intensi'vus,   from   evrttvu,   <I 
make  tense/    A  medicine  which  excites  the  ve- 
nereal appetite. 

ENTELIPATHIA,  Nymphomania. 
ENTELMINTHA,  Worms. 
ENTENDEMENT,  Intellect 
ENTERAD'ENES,  from  tvrtpov,  '  an  intestine/ 
and  a&rtv,  '  a  gland.'    The  mucous  glands  of  the 
Intestines.    See  Peyeri  glandules. 

ENTERADENOG'RAPHY,  Enteradenogra'- 
phia,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  afav,  'gland/  and 
ypa$n,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  in- 
testinal glands. 

ENTER  AD  ENOL'OGY,  Enteradenolog"ia, 
from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  aifjv,  'gland/  and  \oyog, 
'  a  treatise/  That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTERAL'GIA,  Enterodyn'in,  from  tvrtpov, 
4  intestine/  and  aXyot,  '  pain/  Pain  in  the  intes- 
tines.    Colic. 

Entf.ralgia  Acuta,  Enteritis  —  e.  Inflamma- 
toria,  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Enterangi- 
emphraxis. 

ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Enteran- 
gemphrax'is,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  ayx**  '* 
strangle/  and  tpQpaavu,  '  I  obstruct'  Obstruction 
of  the  vessels  of  the  intestines. 

ENTER ATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  Intestino'rum, 
from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine/  and  atrophia,  '  want  of 
nutrition/  Atrophy  of  the  coats  of  the  intcstinos. 
ENTERAUXE,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and 
a»fr,  'increase/  Hypertrophy  of  the  muscular 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Fuchs. 

ENTERECHE'MA,  Son'itus  intestina'lis.  The 
sound  of  the  movement  of  the  intestines,  heard 
by  the  stethoscope. 

ENTEREC'TASIS,  Bilata'tio  Intestino'rum, 
from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine/  and  straw,  '  dilatation/ 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines,  as  in  tympanites. 

ENTERELCO'SIS,  Enterhelco* sis,  Enterohel- 
oo'sie,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and  'cAffow;,  'ul- 
ceration/   Ulceration  of  intestines  —  Ulcera'tio 
intestina'lis,  UVeera  intestina'lia. 
ENTERELESIA,  Hens. 
ENTEREL08IS,  Dens. 

ENTEREMPHRAX'IS,  In/arc'tus  Intestine'- 
mm,  Incarcera'tio  intestino'rum  interna,  ( F. ) 
Etranglcment  des  Intestine,  J&  Inteetinale,  from 
tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and  tpfpafa,  'obstruction/ 
Obstruction  of  the  Intestines  from  accumulation 
of  faces  or  otherwise.  Also,  Enterangiemphraxis. 
ENTEREN'CHYTA,  Enteren'chytes,  from  tv- 
rtpov, 'an  intestine/  tv,  '  in/ and  gci»,  'I  pour/ 
Any  surgical  instrument  for  administering  injec- 
tions.— Scultetus. 

ENTEREPIPLOCELE,  Enteroepiplocele. 
ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LB,  from  tvrt- 
pov,   'intestine/   mwloov,    'omentum/   sufaXos, 


' navel/  and  jc*X*,  'rupture/  Hernia  of  the  um- 
bilicus with  protrusion  of  the  omentum  and  in* 
testine. 

ENTERHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis—e.  Nervosa, 
TyphuB  (abdominal.) 

ENTERHYPERTROPH'IA,#yp^fropA'tam- 
testino'rum,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and  hyper- 
trophic 'excessive  nutrition/  Hypertrophy  of 
the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTER'ICA,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  alimentary  canal.  Order  I., 
Class  I.  (Coeliaca,)  of  Good.  Also,  medicines 
affecting  the  alimentary  canal. 

ENTJZrITE  FOLLWULEUSE,  see  Typhus 
— e.  Typhohfmique,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTERFTIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine/  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  intestines.  Empres'ma  Enteritis,  Intestino'rum 
injlamma'tio,  Heo-colV 'tis,  Chordap'sus,  Cauma 
Enteritis,  Enterophlog"ia,  Enter  ophlogo'  sis,  Co'' 
lica  acuta,  C.  injiammato'ria,  Ii'eus  injlammato'- 
rius,  Enteral'gia  acu'ta,  E.  Injiammato'ria,  Fe- 
bris  inteetino'rum,  F.  ili'aca  injiammato'ria,  En- 
ter op' yr  a,  (F.)  EntSrite,  Inflammation  des  Intestine. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are: — 
violent  abdominal  pain,  increased  on  pressure; 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Enteritis 
may  affect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines;  and,  in  violent  oases,  all 
the  coats  may  be  implicated.  The  structure  of 
the  mucous  and  peritoneal  coats  is  different;  so 
are  their  functions  in  health  and  disease.  The 
inflammation  of  the  serous  coat,  Sero-enteritis, 
resembles  that  of  the  cellular  membrane;  the 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat  that  of  the  skin. 
The  former  is  usually,  therefore,  of  a  more  active 
character.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat, 
Eso  - enteri'tis,  Endo  -  enteri'tis,  3/uco  -  enteri'tis, 
Mucous  Enteritis,  Phlegmymeni'tis  enter'ica,  is 
generally  attended  with  diarrhoea,  and  its  patho- 
logy is  identical  with  that  of  dysentery.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  peritoneal  ooat  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  attended  with  constipation. 

Enteritis  of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually 
is  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  re- 
quires the  most  active  treatment  Copious  bleed- 
ing, followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium  —  and, 
if  the  symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorated, 
repeating  the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters,  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  exhibited 
until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are  abated  by 
the  use  of  the  bleeding  and  opium.  When  the 
physician  is  called  early,  this  plan  will  usually 
succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis  passes  into  a  chro- 
nic state,  requiring  much  careful  management 
Broussais  considered  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  as  the  proxi- 
mate cause  of  the  phenomena  of  fever. 

Enteritis  Arthritica,  Cceliagra — e.  Colica, 
Colitis  —  e.  Epiploitis,  Epiploitis  —  e.  Follicular, 
Typhoid  fever  —  e.  Folliculosa,  see  Typhoid  —  e. 
Mesenteries*  Mesenteric — e.  Mucous,  see  Ente- 
ritis— e.  Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis. 

ENTERO,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine/  in  com- 
pound words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing:— 

ENTEROBRO'SIS,  Enterorrhex'is,  Per/ora'tio 
Inteetino'rum,  (F.)  Per/oration  des  Intestins,  from 
tvrtpov,  'an  intestine/  and  flouetg,  'the  act  of 
gnawing/    Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROC'ACE,  Dysente'ria  pu'trida  sen  <y- 
pho'des  seu  scorbu'tica  sen  malig'na,  from  tvrtpov, 
'  an  intestine/  and  kokos,  '  evil/  Adynamic  dy- 
sentery, accompanied  by  phenomena  indicating  a 
pseudo-membranous  and  gangrenous  state  of  &t 
lining  membrane  of  the  large  intestine. 


KNTBROCELfl 


330 


ENTEROSTENOSIS 


BNTEROCE'LE,  Hernia  inteotina'lie,  from  tv- 
rtpov,  '  an  intestine,'  and  ktj\ti,  '  a  hernia,'  '  tu- 
mour.1 Abdominal  hernia,  which  contains  only 
a  portion  of  intestine,  is  so  called. 

ENTERO  -  CEPHALOPYRA  INFANTUM, 
Hydrocephalus  Internus. 

ENTEROC(E'UCU8,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/ 
and  KotXia, '  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen/  Relating 
to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  '  an  in- 
testine/ warn,  '  a  bladder/  and  *r*  A17,  *  a  tumour.' 
Hernia  formed  by  the  bladder  and  a  portion  of 
intestine. 

ENTERODAR'SIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/ 
and  iapctt,  'skinning/  Excoriation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERODOTHIENIA,  Dothinenteritia. 

ENTERODYNIA,  Enteralgia. 

ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Enter  epiploce'ti, 
Rer'nia  inteotina' lie  omenta' lis,  from  tvrtpov,  '  in- 
testine/ tx n:\oovy  'the  omentum/  and  K17A17,  'tu- 
mour/ Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and  omentum. 

ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS,  from  tvrtoov, 
'  intestine/  txtx\oov,  '  the  omentum/  and  o}i<pa\ost 
'the.  umbilicus/  Umbilical  hernia,  containing 
intestine  and  omentum.  Almost  all  umbilical 
hernias  are  of  this  kind. 

ENTEROG'RAPHY,  Enterogra'phia,  from  tv- 
rtpov, ' intestine/  and  ypafn,  'description/  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  intestines. 

ENTERO-H^MORRHAGIA,  Hiematochezia. 
,    ENTEROHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis. 

ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine, 'vi<ap,  '  water/  and  kijAj,  '  tumour/  In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  hydrocele. 

ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine/  'vioip,  'water/  and  op$aXos,  'the  na- 
vel/ Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac  contains, 
along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a  quantity  of 
serum. 

ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine/ toyiov,  'ischium/  and  c^Ai?,  'tumour/ 
Ischiadic  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROLITHFASIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine/ and  XiSiaois,  '  the  formation  of  stone/  The 
formation  of  concretions  in  the  intestines. 

ENTEROLITHUS,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and 
intestines — e.  Bezoardus,  Bezoar — e.  Soybalum, 
Bcybala. 

ENTEROL'OGY,  EnteroJog"ia,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine/  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse/  The  part 
of  anatomy  whioh  treats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROMALA'CIA,  Enteromalax'u,  (F.) 
BamolHseement  de  Vlnteetin,  from  tvrtpov,  '  an  in- 
testine/ and  paXaccru,  '  I  soften/  Softening  of  the 
mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 

ENTEROMALAXIS,  Enteromalacia. 

ENTEROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 

ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'inieB- 
txne,' rijpos,  'the  thigh/  and  107X17,  'tumour/  Cru- 
ral hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entero-meoenter'- 
icus.    Relating  to  the  intestine  and  mesentery. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA  FEBRIS.  MM. 
Petit  and  Serres  havo  given  this  name  to  the 
typhoid  form  of  adynamic  fever,  in  which  the  in- 
testines an*  ulcerated,  with  enlargement  of  the 
corresponding  mesenteric  glands.     See  Typhus, 

ENTJSRO-MlSSENTJlSRITE,  Tabes,  mesen- 
torioa — e.  Mitenttrite  typhoide,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  alg»,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  as 
Mi  esculent 

BNTEROMPHALOCELE,  Enteromphalus. 


ENTEROM'PHALUS,  Entcrompteloce'Ii,  from 
tvrtpov, '  intestine/  and  orfa\os, '  umbilicus/  Um- 
bilical hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine/ pvKos,  '  slime/  iopa,  '  skin/  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERON,  Intestine. 

ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  Enterople'gia,  Pa- 
ral'yi*  inteotino'rum,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/ 
irajxxAvffif,  'paralysis/  Paralysis  of  tho  Intestines. 

ENTEROPARISAGOGE,  Intussusceptio. 

ENTEROPATHI'A,J£itferop'af Ay,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine/  and  xaOos,  'disease/  Disease  of  the 
intestines  in  general. 

Enteropathy' A  Caxcbro'sa,  Enteroocir'rhuo, 
Enteroeteno'tio  scirrhoma  seu  organ'ica,  Entero- 
oarco'mia,  Indura'tio  seu  Scirrhuo  seu  Cancer  sea 
Oarcino'ma  Inteotino'rum,  (F.)  Cancer  de*  Inteo- 
tino.     Cancer  of  the  Intestines. 

ENTEROPERIS'TOLE,  Enteroophig'ma,  Her- 
nia incarcera'ta,  Incarcera'tio  inteotino'rum,  from 
tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and  wtpiortXXu,  'I  contract4 
Constriction  or  obstruction  of  the  intestines,  from 
a  cause  which  acts  either  within  the  abdomen, 
or  without  it,  as  in  strangulated  hernia. 

ENTEROPnLOGIA,  Enteritis. 

ENTEROPHLOGOSI8,  Enteritis. 

ENTEROPHTHI'SIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/ 
and  <f>0tois,  'consumption/  Consumption  of  the 
bowels.  Consumption  owing  to  suppuration  in 
the  intestines. 

ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubercula  intestino- 
rum. 

ENTEROPLEGIA,  Enteroparalysis. 

ENTEROPYRA,  Enteritis.  Also,  entero  me- 
senterio  fever. — Alibert 

Enteropyra  Asiatica,  Cholera  —  e.  Biliosa, 
Fever,  Bilious. 

ENTERORRHAG"IA,  from  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine/ and  payn.  'violent  rupture/  Hemorrhage 
from  the  bowels. 

Enterorrhagia  Simplex,  Hsematochezia. 

ENTERORRHA'PHIA,  Enteror'rhaphi,  from 
tvrtpov,  '  intestine/  and  pa<t>ij,  '  a  suture/  Suture 
of  the  intestines,  for  the  relief  of  injuries  done  to 
them. 

ENTERORRHEU'MA,  Meumati*' mtu  Inteoti- 
no'rum, from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine/  and  acvpa,  <  de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism/  Rheumatism  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

ENTERORRHEXIS,  Enterobrosis. 

ENTERORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea,  Melsena. 

ENTER08ARCOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine/ rapf,  '  flesh/  and  Kn\n,  '  a  tumour/  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  complicated  with  fleshy  excrescence, 
or  rather  sarcocele. 

ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa. 

ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE,  Enteroeehoce'te,  from 
tvrtpov,  '  an  intestine/  oox*ov,  '  the  scrotum/  and 
ktjXt),  'tumour/  Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  in- 
testine. 

ENTEROSCIRRHUS,  Enteropathia  canoe* 
rosa. 

ENTERO'SES,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine/  A 
class  of  diseases,  comprehending  all  those  that 
are  seated  In  the  intestines. — Alibert 

ENTEROSPHIGMA,  Enteroperistolo. 

ENTEROSTENO'SIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine/ 
and  ortvmoit,  'stricture/  Stricture  or  constriction 
of  the  intestines.     See  Ileus. 

Ecterostekosis  Volvulus,  Ileus  —  e.  Org*- 


MNTtnOTOMM 


SSI 


ENURESIS 


nica,  Enteropathia  eaneerosa — e.  Scirrhosa,  En- 
teropathia  eaneerosa. 

ENT&BOTOME,  Enterot'omua,  from  tvnpev, 
'intestine/  and  rqiw, '  I  cut/  A  nam©  given  by 
J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly  opening 
the  intestinal  canal  through  it*  whole  extent  It 
consists  of  a  pair  of  scissors,  one  blade  of  which 
is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and  rounded  at  its 
extremity.    This  is  passed  into  the  intestine. 

ENTEROTOM'IA,  Enterofomy,  same  etymon. 
In  anatomy,  it  signifies  dissection  of  the  intes- 
tines. In  eurgery,  it  means  an  operation,  little 
used,  which  consists  in  opening  the  intestines,  in 
order  to  evacuate  the  faecal  matters  accumulated 
in  it  ,*  for  example,  in  certain  oases  of  hernia,  ac- 
companied with  contraction  of  the  intestinal 
canal ;  in  operations  for  an  artificial  anus,  per- 
formed on  the  new-born,  where  the  rectum  is 
imperforate  or  not  existing,  Ac. 

ENTEROTOMY,  Enterotomia. 

ENTEROTYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROZOA,  Worms. 

ENTERYDROCE'LE,  Enterohydroce'li,  from 
tvrtpov,  '  intestine/  'viwp,  '  water/  and  J07X17, '  rup- 
ture.'   Intestinal  hernia  with  hydrocele. 

ENTHELMINTHES,  Worms. 

ENTHEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

ENTHLA'SIS,  EepUa'eie,  from  cv,  'in/  and 
&\av, '  I  break/  A  fracture  of  the  cranium,  with 
comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  depressed,  or 
has  lost  its  level. 

Ehthlasis  Cbanii,  Effractors  Cranii. 

ENTITjS,  Entity. 

EN'TITY,  En'tita;  (P.)  Entitt,  from  en»,  entie, 
'a  being/  The  being  or  essence  of  anything. 
It  has  been  used  somewhat  vaguely,  in  modern 
French  medicine  more  especially,  to  signify  ap- 
parently a  general  or  essential  disease,  the  nature 
and  seat  of  which  cannot  be  determined. — 
Nysten. 

ENTOCELE,  Ectopia. 

Entoce'lE  Lentis.  Dislocation  of  the  crys- 
talline into  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye. 

ENTOGONYANCON,  from  svrot,  'within/ 
yon,  '  the  knee/  and  <*y™*> *  a  bend.  Bending 
of  the  knees  inwards.  The  state  of  being  knock- 
kneed,  or  in-kneed. 

ENTOHYALOID  MUSCiE,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia. 

ENTONIA,  Tension,  Tonio  spasm. 

ENTONIC,  Enton'icus,  from  cv,  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  roves,  *  tone/  Having  great  tension  or 
exaggerated  action. 

ENTONNOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum  —  e.  du 
Ventrical*  Moyen  du  Cerveau,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

ENTOPARASITES,  Worms. 
*  ENTOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  tvroc,  'within/  and 
o$6a\pia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Ophthalmia 
affecting  the  interior  of  the  eye. 

EN'TOPHYTB,  Entoph'yton,  from  trrof,  'with- 
in/ and  fvnv,  'a  vegetable/  A  vegetable  pa- 
rasite. 

ENTOPHYT'IO,  Entophyt'icue,  same  etymon. 
Of  or  belonging  to  an  entophyte,  —  as  '  an  endo- 
phytic growth/ 

ENTORSE,  Sprain. 

ENTOSTHETHIDIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTHIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTOSIS,  Enostosis. 

ENTOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 

ENTOTOZ^JNA,  Ozena. 

ENTOXICISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOXISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOAIRES,  Wornw. 


BNTOZOARIA,  Worms. 
ENTOZOOGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 
ENTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acaras  FoU 
lieulorum. 

ENTRAILLES,  Entrails. 
EN'TRAILS,  Splanchnoy  Encct'lia,    Viecera, 
Entoethid'ia,  Entoe'tkia,  Entoetkethid'ia,  Interal- 
lied, from  enteralia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin,  coming 
from  tvrtfov,  '  intestine.'    It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and  espe- 
cially for  those  in  the  abdomen;  BoweU,  OuU, 
(F.)  Entraillee,  Vieciree. 
ENTRE-FESSON,  Chafing. 
ENTRICHO'MA,  from  tv,  'in/  and  rpxw> 
'hair.1    The  tarsal  cartilage,  and  the  edge  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are  implanted. 

ENTROPION,  Entrop'ium,  from  cv,  'in/  and 
rptru, '  I  turn/  Inver'tio  palpebrarum,  Capillit"- 
ium,  Trxchi'aeie,  Introeueeep'tio  entropium,  BU- 
pharelo'eie,  Blepharopto'eie  entropium,  Tri'chia, 
Trieho'eie.  A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or 
turning  inwards  of  the  eyelids,  so  that  the  eye- 
lashes are  directed  towards  the  globe  of  the  eye; 
irritate  and  inflame  it,  and  give  rise  to  the  affec- 
tion called  Trichi'ari*. 

The  contaot  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of  the 
eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, which  is  soon  followed  by  chemosis, 
ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symptoms,  such 
as  fever,  watchfulness,  Ac. 

If  the  disease  be  entropion,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  upon  the  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lidB,  it  must  be  remedied,  —  either  by  dispersing 
the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids,  or  by  cut- 
ting out  a  portion  of  the  skin.    When  the  disease 
is  dependent  on  a  vicious  direction  of  the  cilia, 
they  must  be  plucked  out  and  the  bulbs  be  cau- 
terized. 
ENTROPIUM,  Entropion. 
ENTYPOSIS,  see  Glene, 
ENUCLEATION,  Enuelea'tio,  from  ennclrarc, 
(e,  and  nucleus,)  'to  take  out  a  kernel.'     This 
term  has  been  proposed  for  the  operation  of  re- 
moving tumours,  Ac,  without  cutting  into  them. 
— Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy,  for  the  opera- 
tion of  shelling  or  removing  the  kernels  of  any 
nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 
ENU'LON,  from  <>,  'in/  and  ovXov,  'the  gum/ 
The  inner  part  of  the  gums.    The  external  pari 
was  oalled  ov\ov,  and  that  between  the  teeth  apuo* 
—Pollux.    , 

ENURE'SIS,  from  cvovptta,  (ev,  and  ovpm,)  'I 
void  the  urine  in  bed/  Paru'ria  iucon'tinene, 
Incontinentia  uri'na,  Excre'tio  Urina  involun- 
ta'ria,  Mic'tio  involunta'ria,  E.  inopportu'na, 
Uracra'tia,  Urorrha'a,  Perirrhoe'a,  Strangu'ria, 
(Galen,)  Anieehu'ria,  Hyperure'eU,  Diam'net, 
involuntary  discharge  of  urine,  Incontinence  of 
urine.  This  affection  is  most  common  in  advanced 
life.  It  may  depend  on  too  "great  irritability  of 
the  bladder,  or  on  distension,  or  injury  of  the 
fibres  about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  organ, 
Cyoto-paral'yeis,  Cyeto-ple'gia,  the  presence  of 
an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  impacted  in  the 
urethra  near  its  commencement;  rupture  of  the 
bladder  and  urethra ;  renal  disease ;  or  on  pres- 
sure exerted  on  the  bladder  by  the  distended 
womb  or  by  a  tumour.  It  often  occurs  after  dif- 
ficult labour,  but  generally  yields,  in  the  course 
of  a  week  or  ten  days ;  the  catheter  being  intro- 
duced twice  a  day  in  the  mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause ;  and  when  the  affection,  on  which  it 
is  dependent,  cannot  be  removed,  the  discharge 
of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting  a  degree 


ENVIE 


882 


EPICANTHIS 


of  compression  on  the  urethra,  by  means  of  ap- 
propriate instruments;  or  a  urinal  may  be  em- 
ployed to  receive  the  urine  as  it  passes  off. 

ENVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  Naevus —  e.  de 
Vomfr,  Nausea. 

ENYPNION,  Somnium. 

ENYSTRON,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

ENZOOTY,  Enxobt'ia,  (P.)  Enzo'dtie,  from  tv, 
' in/  and  £<oov,  ' animal.'  An  endemic  disease  at- 
tacking animals. 

EP,  EPH,  EPI,  tv,  t+,  nri,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  'augmentation, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repetition/ 
Hence : 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  eir«,  and  a*fia£»,  'I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Febree 
epacmae'tica,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augmenting 
in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to  the  ter- 
mination. Such  fevers  are,  also,  called  Epana- 
didon'teg. 

EPAGOGIUM,  Phimosis,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANASTASIS,  Pustule.  The  formation  of 
a  tumour.  The  breaking  out  of  an  eruption  — 
Erup'tio  exanthe'matis. 

EPANASTEMA,  Exanthem,  Swelling. 

JSPANCHEMENT,  Effusion. 

EPANESIS,  Remission. 

EPANETUS,  Remittent  — e.  Hectica,  Hectic 
fever  —  e.  Malignus  flavus,  Fever,  yellow  —  e. 
Mitis,  Remittent  fever. 

EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio. 

EPAN^HEMA,  Exanthem. 

EPANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EPAPn^E'RESIS,  from  tvaQaipm,  'I  take 
away.'  Rcpeti'ta  subla'tio  vel  evacua'tio.  A  re- 
peated abstraction  or  evacuation.  It  was  formerly 
used  synonymously  with  repeated  bloodletting; 
PhUbotom'ia  itera*ta. — Galen. 

EPAPIIRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

JSPA  ULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS,  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

Epen'dyma  Ventriculo'rttm,  En'dyma  sen 
Indumen'tum  ventrieulo'rum,  from  em,  'upon,'  and 
tv6vw,  '  I  enter ;'  hence,  evcvSvpa,  '  an  upper  gar- 
ment or  cloak.'  The  lining  membrane  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  formed  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  pia  mater,  and  probably  also  of  the  arach- 
noid.  • 

E PER  ON,  Hippocampus  minor — L  de*  At 
Uree,  Spur. 

£PER  VTER,  Accipiter. 

iPERVIltRE  DES  MURAILLES,  Hiera- 
eium  murorum. 

EPHEB^'ON,  from  act,  'upon,'  and  'i/fo, 
'  pubes.'  The  parts  of  generation :  also,  the  re- 
gion of  the  pubes,  as  well  as  the  hair  upon  the 
pubes.  It  meant  likewise  a  part  of  the  ancient 
gymnasium  in  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
phers, Ac,  disputed. 

EPHEBEUM,  Mons  veneris. 

EPHE'BIA,  Ephebi'a,  Pubertal.  Same  ety- 
mon.    The  age  of  puberty. 

EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty. 

EPHEBOTE8,  Puberty. 

EPHE'BUS,  Pubene,  Puber,  (F.)  PuUre, 
Xphlbe.  One  who  has  attained  the  age  of  pu- 
berty. 

EPHEDRANA,  Nates. 

BPHEL'CIS,  from  m,  'upon,'  and  'tXxos,  'an 
vleer.    The  crust  or  scab  of  an  uloer. 


£PH£LIDE  SCORBUTIQVE,  Chloasma. 

EPHE'LIDES,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  '17A10*, 
'the  sun.'  Epickro'eie,  Mac'ula  eola'ria,  Mac*- 
ula  fueccB,  M.  lenticula'ree,  Ephe'lie  lentic'ula, 
Vitilig"ineg,  Phaci,  P annua  lenticula'rie,  Lentic'- 
ula, Lenti'go,  Ephelie  Lenti'go,  Ephelie  d  soli, 
Nigre'do  d  tole,  Spilo'eie  ephelie,  jEeta'tct,  Effila, 
Freckle;  Sunburn,  (F.)  Tachee  de  roueeure,  Hale* 
This  term  includes  not  only  the  yellow  lentiginee, 
which  appear  on  persons  of  a  fair  skin,  and  the 
larger  brown  patches,  which  also  arise  from  ex- 
posure to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  but  also 
those  large  dusky  patches  which  are  very  similar 
in  appearance,  but  occur  on  other  parte  of  the 
surface,  that  are  constantly  covered.  See  Chlo- 
asma. They  do  not  extend  farther  than  the  skin. 
Many  oosmetics  have  been  recommended  for 
their  removal.  Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak 
mineral  acids,  applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are 
as  effectual  as  any  other  means. 

EPHELIS,  see  Eph elides  — e.  Lentigo,  Ephe- 
lides — e.  d  Sole,  Ephelides. 

EPHELOTES,  Leucoma. 

EPHEM'ERA,  Dia'ria,  from  an,  'during,'  and 
ri7/icf>flr,  'a  day.'  That  which  continues  a  day. 
This  epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  particularly 
to  fevers,  which  last  only  a  day. — Febrit  dia'ria, 
Ephemerop'yra,  Febrie  simplex,  F.  Ephe'mera, 
Fcbric'ula,  Ephem'eral  Fever,  Di'ary  Fever,  Sim~ 
pie  Fever.  The  term  prolonged  ephem'era  is 
sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after  two 
or  three  days'  duration. 

Ephemera.  Anglic  a.  Pestilens,  Sudor  angii- 
tis—e.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Mortifera,  Plague — e.  Pesti- 
lentialis,  Plague— e.  Sudatoria,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

EPHEMEROPYRA,  Ephemera. 

EPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

EPHIALTES  HYPOCHONDRIACA,  Incubus 
vigilantium — e.  Nocturnus,  Incubus— e.  Vigilan- 
tiura,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

EPHIDRO'SES,  (G.)  Ephidrosen.  A  divU 
sion  of  the  family  Ekzematosen  of  Fuchs, 
comprising  morbid  varieties  of  sweating. 

EPHIDROSIS,  from™,  'upon,'  and  Vs«it 
'I  sweat.'    Hidro'eie,  Idro'eU.    A  copious  sweat. 

Ephidrosis  Profo'ha,  E.  eponta'nea,  E.  trfto- 

ith'ica.  Eudronede'rie.    Krmidn'tin.    *?_?-»J*.'#.'A 


sweating,  including  debility  and  emaciation.  A 
colliquative  sweat.  Such  copious  perspirations 
are  generally  owing  to  debility  of  the  exhalants, 
and  require  the  use  of  tonics,  especially  of  the 
mineral  acids,  opium,  Ac. 

Ephidrosis,  Desudatio  —  e.  Cruenta,  Sudor 
cruentus — e.  Saccharata,  Sudor  dulcis. 

EPHIPPIUM,  Pituitaria  fossa,  Sella  Turcica. 

EPH'ODOS,  from  an,  'upon/  and  '•&*,  *% 
way/  '  a  road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippoerates 
uses  this  word  in  three  senses:  1.  For  the  vessels 
or  canals,  which  give  passage  to  the  excrements 
of  the  body.  2.  For  a  periodical  attack  or  acces- 
sion of  fever;  and  3.  For  the  approach  of  similar 
or  dissimilar  things  which  may  be  useful  or  hurt- 
ful to  the  body.— Castelli. 

$PI,  Spica. 

EPFALOS,  Hepialo*.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  fever,  when  the  hot  stage  was  mingled 
with  irregular  chills.  Also,  the  cold  stage  ct* 
fever. 

EPIALTES,  Incubus. 

EPIAMA,  Lenitive. 

EPIAN,  Frambcasia. 

EPIBLEMA,  CatAblema. 

EPIBOLE,  Incubus. 

EPICAL  THIS,  Canthns. 


EPICAUMA 


S3S 


EPIDIDYMIS 


Epican'thh,  from  art,  'upon/  and*av0o;,  'the 
angle  of  the  eye/  A  defective  formation,  in  which 
a  fold  of  skin  passes  from  the  root  of  the  nose 
over  the  inner  canthus  of  the  eye. 

EPICAR'PIUM,  Pericar'pium,  from  e«,  'up- 
on/ and  tcapxos,  *  the  wrist.'  An  application  made 
to  the  wrists  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse  was  so 
called. 

EPICAUMA,  Encauma. 

EPICAUSIS,  Encauma. 

EPICERASTICA,  Emollients. 

EPICIIOLOS,  Bilious. 

EPICHORDIS,  Mesentery. 

EPICHORION,  Decidua. 

EPICHORIUM,  Epidermis. 

EPICHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICHRO'SIS,  SpiWsis,  from  tvt,  and  X9~ta> 
'  colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the  surface. — 
Good.     Ephelides. 

Epichrosis  Spili,  see  Nssvus. 

EPICHYSIS,  Affusion. 

EPICCE'MASIS,  from  sxiKotuaouat,  (cm,  and 
koi fiao pat ,)  'to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep/  De- 
cubitus ad  dormien'dum  et  Dormit"io.  The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself. 

EPICOL'IC,  from  en,  'upon/  and  ku\ov,  'the 
colon/  The  epicolie  regions,  regio'nes  cpicol'ica, 
are  those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  correspond 
to  the  colon. 

EPICOLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

EPICON'DYLE,  Epicon'dylus,  fromm,  'upon/ 
and  kov&v\os,  'a  condyle/  A  name  given,  by 
Chaussier,  to  an  eminence  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called, 
because  it  is  seated  above  the  condyle.  The  epi- 
condyle  gives  attachment  to  the  outer  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow  joint,  and  to  a  very  strong 
tendon  to  which  several  of  the  muscles  of  the 
posterior  part  of  the  forearm  are  attached. 

EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS,  see  Anconeus— 
e.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis  —  e.  Sus-ntita- 
carpien,  see  Radialis — e.  Sus-phalangettien  com- 
mun,  Extensor  digitorum  communis — e.  Sus-pha- 
langettien du  petit  doigi,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti. 

EPICOPHO'SIS,  from  cri,  'upon/ and *»$««*, 
'deafness/  Deafness  supervening  on  another 
disease. 

EPICRA'NIUM,  from  m,  'upon/  and  tcpaviov, 
'  the  cranium/  A  name  given  to  different  parts 
seated  on  the  cranium.  The  skin,  aponeurosis 
between  the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles,  and 
tho  whole  of  the  scalp,  have  been  so  called.  Portal 
includes  under  this  name  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior  and  ante- 
rior auricular  muscles.     The  pericranium. 

EPICRANIUS,  Occipito-frontalis. 

EPICRA'SIS,  Contempera'tio,  from  tiructpawv- 
fit,  (iwi,  and  Ktoawvpi,  '  I  mix/)  '  I  temper/  A 
term  used  by  the  humourists  for  an  amelioration 
of  the  humours.  They  called  Cure  by  Epierasis, 
— per  epicraain,  a  mode  of  treatment  by  imagined 
alteratives,  which  they  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  the  power  of  gradually  correcting  the  vitiated 
humours. 

EPICROUSIS,  Percussion. 

EPICTENIUM,  Pubes. 

EPIGTETI  MORBI,  Acquired  diseases. 
EPICYEMA,  see  Suporfoetation. 

EPICYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

EPICYLIUM,  see  Palpebra, 
EPICYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
EPIDEISIS,  Deligation. 
EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'mius,  Epidtm'icu;  (F.) 
Epidfmique.    Same  etymon  as  Epidemy.    Ap- 
pertaining to  an  epidemy.    An  epidemy. 

Epidemic  Constitution,  Epidemy — e.  Disease, 
Kpidemy — e.  Influonce,  seo  Epidemy. 


EPIDEMWITH,  see  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMICUS,  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIOLOG"IA,  from  m,  'upon/  oW, 
'the  people/  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description/    The 
doctrine  of  epidemics. 
EP1D&MIQUE,  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy. 

EP'IDEMY,    Epidem'ic,   Epide'mia,   Norfou 
pub'licus,  M.  popula'ris,  E.  epidem'icus  pen  epi- 
de'mius, (F.)  Epidimie  ;  Epidem'ic  disease,  Epi- 
dem'ic influence,  Epidem'ic  constitution  ;  from  im, 
'upon/  and  fap«?,  'the  people/   A  disease  which 
attacks  at  the  same  time  a  number  of  individuals, 
and  which  is  depending  upon  some  particular 
constitutio  aerie]  or  condition  of  the  atmosphere, 
with  which  we  are  utterly  ignorant.     It  differs 
from  endemic,  the  latter  being  owing  to  locality ; 
but  it  is  obvious,  that  should  a  particular  epide- 
mic constitution  of  the  air — epidemic" ity,  (F.)  tpi- 
dimiciU — exist  along  with  a  favouring  endemic 
condition,  these  combined  influences  may  act  in 
the  causation  of  several  of  those  serious  and  fatal 
complaints,  which  at  times  visit  a  district,  and 
are  never  afterwards  met  with,  or  at  least  not 
until  after  the  lapse  of  a  considerable  period. 
EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla. 
EPID'ERIS,  Epider'rnU,  Hypod'eris,  Hypo- 
dermis,  Hypoder'rhit,  from  evi,  '  upon/  and  Stpas, 
'the  skin/    This  word,  with  some,  means  the 
nymphse ;  with  others,  the  clitoris ;  with  others, 
again,  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 
EPIDERMA,  Epidermis. 
EPIDERMATIS,  Epidermis. 
EPIDER'MIC,  Epiderm'icus,  Epiderm'al  Epi- 
derma'lis;  same  etymon  as  epidermis.  Belonging 
to  the  epidermis, — as 
EPIDERMIC  CELLS,  see  Cell,  epidermic. 
EPIDERMIDON'OSI,  Epidermidonu'si,  from 
dri3cp/ii(,  ' epidermis/  and  vovos,  'disease/    Dis- 
eases of  the  epidermis. 
EPIDERMION,  Epidermis. 
EPIDER'MIS,  Epider'mion,  Epidcr'matis, 
Epider'ma,  Epicho'rium,  Sum'mitas  cutis,  Curie1- 
ula,   C.  edtima,   C,  extre'ma,    Cutis   extima,    G. 
summa,  C.  ul'tima,  Pettis  summa,  Pellicula  sum- 
ma,  P.  supe'rior,  Lam'ina  prima  cutis,  Oper'cu* 
lum  cutis,  from  cm,  '  upon/  and  Scpua,  '  the  truo 
skin/  Scarf-skin,  cuticle.  (F.)  Surpeau,  Guticule. 
A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  surface 
of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  correspond  to 
the  nails.    It  appears  to  consist  of  minute  scales, 
placed  one  above  the  other.    Chaussier  considers 
it  to  be  formed  and  reproduced  by  an  excretory 
action  of  the  true  skin ;  to  act  like  a  dry  varnish, 
which  prevents  the  immediate  contact  of  bodies 
with  the  nervous  papillae,  and  consequently  to 
deaden  tactile  impressions,  which,  without  its  in- 
tervention, might  be  painful.    The  Epidermic, 
Epider'meous,  or  Epidermoid  (as  Bichat  called 
it)  System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parte.     1.    External  Epidermis.     2.    Epidermis 
spread  over  the  mucous  membranes.     3.  Tho 
Nails  and  Hair. 
Epidermis  Lingua,  see  Tongue. 
EPIDERRHIS,  Epideris. 
EPIDERRHITIS,  NymphiUs. 
EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage — e.  Haemostasia,  Li- 
gature. 
EPIDESMTS,  Epidesmus. 
EPIDESMUM,  Epidesmus. 
EPIDES'MUS,  Epidermis,  Epides,mum,Super- 
liga'men,  from  art,  ' upon/ and  dew,  'I  bind/    A 
Fascia,  bandage  or  ligature,  by  which  dressings 
are  secured. — Hippocrates. 

EPIDIDYMIS,  from  tm,  'upon/  and  ittvp** 
'  a  testicle/    Epidid'ymus,  Did' y  mis,  Paras' tat** 


EPIDIDYMITIS 


334 


EPILEPSY 


TestiJulu*  acceso'rius,  Ooput  testis,  Corpus  vari- 
co'»um  sou  varici/or'mi  testis,  Super gemina' lie, 
(P.)  Corpus  variqueux  ou  variciforme.  That  which 
is  placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body,  lying  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididymis  is  a 
canal,  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminiferous 
vessels  folded  several  times  upon  themselves, 
after  having  traversed  the  Corpus  Highmoria'- 
nunu  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cauda  vel  globus 
minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  vas  deferens  ;  the  opposite  extremity  is  called 
the  head,  globus  major.  The  length  of  this  canal, 
folded  as  it  is  upon  itself  and  describing  numerous 
curvatures,  is,  according  to  Munro,  32  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitia  —  e.  Blennor- 
rhagic,  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  tm,  'upon/  and  &itupt,  'to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  applied 
to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body,  or  to  the  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  Epidrom'ia,  Epiph'ora,  from 
swtopqu*,  (ciri, and  ipeuw,)  'I  ran  upon.'  An  afflux 
or  congestion  of  humours. — Galen. 

EPIDROMIA,  Epidrome. 

EPIFAGUS  AMERICANUS,  OrobancheVir- 
giniana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanche  Virginians, 

EPIG^'A  REPENS,  Trailing  Ar'butus.Qround 
Laurel,  Mayflower.  A  small,  trailing  plant,  of 
the  Family  Ericaceae,  which  grows  in  sandy 
woods,  or  in  rocky  soil,  especially  in  the  shade 
of  pines.  Its  flowers  appear  early  in  spring,  and 
exhale  a  rich,  spicy  fragrance.  The  leaves  and 
stems  are  prepared  and  used  like  uva  ursi. 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  txiyaerptov,  'the 
epigastrium/  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  at  the 
epigastrium. 

EPIGAS'TRIC,  Epigas'tricus,  Epigas'trivs, 
from  nrt,  '  upon/  and  yaarvp,  '  the  stomach/  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  epigasftrica,  A. 
BU*-pubienne,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the  external 
iliac,  on  a  level  with  the  crural  arch ;  sometimes 
by  a  trunk  proper  to  it,  at  others  by  one  com- 
mon to  it  and  the  Obturator  artery.  It  ascends 
upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the  spermatic  cord, 
follows  the  outer  edge  of  the  rectus  abdominis 
muscle,  and  anastomoses,  towards  the  umbilicus, 
with  the  internal  mammary.  The  epigastric  ar- 
tery anastomoses,  also,  with  the  obturator,  sper- 
matic, lumbar,  and  interoostal  vessels. 

Epigastric  Region,  Regio  epigae'trica,  R.  car- 
di'aoa,  R.  stomach' ica,  R.  stomaeha'lis,  is  the  su- 
perior region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  between 
the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending  from 
the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two  fingers' 
breadth  above  the  umbilicus.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigas'trium,  —  and 
two  lateral,  the  hypochon'dria. 

Epigastric  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  course 
as  the  artery. 

EPIGA8TRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGAS'TRIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  belly; 
the  epigastric  region. 

EPIGASTRIUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGASTROCE'LE,  from  cm,  'upon/  yaertjp, 
'the  stomach/  and  1:17X17,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia, 
formed  by  the  stomach ;  Gas'troce'U.  This  name 
has  been  given  more  especially  to  hernia,  which 
occurs  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  Hnea  alba 
or  in  the  epigastric  region,  whether  formed  or 
ao%  by  the  stomach. 

EPIGENEMA,  Epigenesis. 

EPIGEN'ESIS,  from  eri,  'upon/  and  ytvttnc, 
'generation/  A  theory  of  conception,  according 
to  which  the  new  being  is  created  entirely  anew; 
and  receives  at  once  from  each  parent  the  ma- 


terials necessary  for  its  formation.  Also,  a  new 
formation. 

Epigenesis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epigen- 
ne'ma,  is,  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  occurring 
during  a  disease,  without  changing  its  nature. 
An  accessory  symptom.  Epiginom'enos,  Super- 
ve'niens,  has  a  similar  acceptation. 

EPIGINOMENOS,  see  Epigenesis. 

EPIGLOT'TIC,  Ifriglot'ticus :  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gland,  Periglot'tis,  Caro  glandn- 
lo'sa.  A  collection  of  small,  glandular  granula, 
situate  in  the  adipose,  areolar  texture  at  the 
base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglottis,  in  a 
triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  thy- 
rohyoid membrane  and  thyroid  cartilage.  It 
pours  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous  fluid,  which 
lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it  supple  and 
movable,  and  prevents  the  larynx  from  being 
irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of  the  air,  in 
the  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOT'TIS,  from  cm,  'upon/  and  yXwrrif, 
'the  glottis/  Epiglottic  cartilage,  Lig'ula,Opert- 
culum  laryn'gis,  Lingua  Ex'igua,  Lin'gula  fls'tu- 
las,  Sublin'guum,  Superlig'ula.  A  fibro-cartilage, 
situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind 
the  base  of  the  tongue.  Its  form  is  oval ;  texture 
elastic;  thickness  greater  below  than  above,  and 
greater  in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  By  its 
smaller  extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  b  at- 
tached to  the  thyroid  cartilage ;  its  two  surfaces 
are  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
pharynx  and  larynx.  The  special  use  of  the 
epiglottis  would  seem  to  be  to  cover  the  glottis 
accurately  at  the  moment  of  deglutition,  and, 
thus,  to  assist  in  opposing  the  passage  of  alimen- 
tary substances  into  the  air  tubes. 

EPIGLOTTITIS,  Inflamma'tio  Epiglot'tidis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  VEpiglotte,  Angi'na  epi- 
glottide'a.     Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIGLOT'TUM.  An  instrument,  mentioned 
by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.  It  resem- 
bled the  epiglottis  in  shape. 

EPIGLOU'TIS,  from  Wj/upon/  and  yXsvro* 
'the  buttocks/  The  superior  region  of  the  nates. 
— Gome  us. 

EPIGONATIS,  Patella. 

E  P I G '  0  NE,  Gone,  HypopVysis,  Progen'ie* 
Proles,  Sob'oles,  Sub'oles,  from  cm,  'upon/  and 
yovrtt  'sperm/  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also,  Sn- 
perfoetation. 

EPIGONION,  Foetus. 

EPIGONIS,  Patella. 

EPIGONON,  Supcrfostation. 

EPIGOUNIS,  Patella. 

EPIGUNIS,  Patella.    . 

EPILATORIUM,  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA,  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy  —  e.  Acuta  Infantum, 
Eclampsia — e.  Algetica,  seo  Algos  —  e.  Febrilis 
infantum,  Eclampsia — e.  Nocturna,  Incubus — e, 
Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum— e.  Saltatoria,  Cho- 
rea—  e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

JiPILEPSIE,  Epilepsy— e.  UUrine,  Hysteria 
— e.  Vertige,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  Uepv  voveog,  vtXnvata  vovme,  Epi- 
lep'sia,  Epilep'sis,  Epilemp'sis,  Epilen'tia,  Sys- 
pa'sia  Epilepsia,  Catalen'tia,  Decidcn'tia,  Pas' si o 
cadi'va,  Morbus  comW'ialis,  M.  cadu'eus,  M. 
ffercu'leus,  Heracle'us  morbus,  M.  facer.  M.  as- 
tra'lis,  M.  sidera'tus,  M.  damoni'acus,  M.  Sancti 
JoKan'nis,  M.  fcedus,  Hieran'osus,  3f.  puerflis, 
Deprehen'sio,  Clonos  epilep'sia,  Hicranfosos,  Prt- 
hen'sio,  Perdit"io,  Epilep'tica  pas' si o,  Morbus 
magnut,  M,  Major,  M.  Interln'nius,  M.  divi'nvs, 
M.  damo'nius,  M.  son'tievs,  M.  seleni'acvs,  M. 


EPILEPTIC 


t85 


EPIPHORA 


htnafieu*,  M.  men*a,li*,  Jf.  deif'itme,  Jf.  •eefes'- 
tiM,  M.  vilriola'tua,  M.  virideVlue,  M.  Sancti  Va- 
Untfni,  Malum  cadu'cum,  Analep'tia,  Catapto'ti*, 
Jnea'm'a  cadi'va,  Apoplexfia  parva,  Cadu'ea  pa*'- 
eio,  Luee  divi'na,  Vit"ium  cadu'cum  sen  divi'num 
sen  Hereu'leum,  Falling  *iekne**,  (F.)  Mai  cadue, 
Mai  divin,  Mai  Saint-Jean,  Mai  de  Terre,  Haut- 
mal.  The  word  is  derived  from  ewtXaufiane,  'I 
seize  upon.'  It  is  a  disease  of  the  brain,  which 
may  either  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic,  sponta- 
neous or  accidental,  and  which  occurs  in  parox- 
ysms, with  uncertain  intervals  between.  These 
paroxysms  are  characterized  by  loss  of  sensation 
and  convulsive  motions  of  the  muscles.  Fre- 
quently, the  fit  attacks  suddenly ;  at  other  times, 
it  is  preceded  by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stu- 
por. At  times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness 
occurs,  a  sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is  felt,  hence 
called  aura  epilep'tica.  This  appears  to  rise  in 
some  part  of  the  body,  proceeds  towards  the 
head;  and  as  soon  as  it  has  reached  the  brain 
the  patient  falls  down.  The  ordinary  duration 
of  a  fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.  Sometimes  it 
goes  off  in  a  few  seconds ;  at  others,  it  is  pro- 
tracted for  hours.  In  all  cases,  there  is  a  loss 
of  sensation,  sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of 
the  eyes  and  face ;  countenance  of  a  red,  purple 
or  violet  colour;  grinding  of  the  teeth;  foaming 
at  the  mouth ;  convulsions  of  the  limbs ;  difficult 
respiration,  generally  stertorous;  with,  some- 
times, involuntary  discharge  of  faeces  and  urine. 
After  the  fit,  the  patient  retains  not  the  least  re- 
collection of  what  has  passed,  but  remains,  for 
some  time,  affected  with  head-ach,  stupor,  and 
lassitude. 

The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generally 
organic;  but  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  the  sto- 
mach, bowels,  Ac.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ultimate 
recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not,  however, 
frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to  lead  to  men- 
tal imbecility.  Dissection  has  not  thrown  light 
on  its  pathology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unaccom- 
panied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  French  give  the  name  Petit-mal,  and  Epi- 
leptic Vertige.  When  furious  mania  succeeds  to 
a  paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  epilcptica  and 
Epileptic  Delirium. 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  mast  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done ;  but  as  the  tongue  is  liable 
to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be  kept 
open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood  between 
them.  If  the  fit  has  been  brought  on  by  indi- 
gestible food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared.  It 
is  between  the  paroxysms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considerable 
irritability  and  debility  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  reme- 
dies. Of  these,  perhaps  the  most  powerful,  in 
epilepsy,  is  the  argenti  nit  rat,  given  regularly 
and  continued  for  months,  if  necessary.  Prepa- 
rations of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc,  have  also  been 
used,  and  vegetable  tonics  and  antispasmodics  in 
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa, 
Ac,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary,  along  with 
this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means  are 
found  insufficient,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to 
palliate,  removing  carefully  the  exciting  causes ; 
such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors,  strong  emo- 
tions, violent  exercise,  Ac.;  and  regulating  the 
diet. 

EPILEP'TIC,  Epilep'ticu*,  Epilen'tu*,  Xunaf - 
ieu*,  Cadu'cane;  same  etymon.  One  attacked 
with  epilopsy.  Any  thing  relating  to  epilepsy ; 
■•  an  tpxlitp'tic  individual;  an  epilep'tic  *ymp- 


tom.    Some  authors  also  speak  of  epiUptie  t 
die*. 

KPILEP'TOID,  Epileptoi'dee;  same  etymon, 
Resembling  epilepsy — as  *  epileptoid  symptoms.' 

EPILO'BIUM  AUGUSTIFO'LIUM,  Great 
Willow  herb.  An  indigenous  plant,  Order,  On*. 
graceee,  which  flowers  in  July.  The  root  is  emol- 
lient and  slightly  astringent. 

Epilobium  Colora'tux ,  Purple-veined  Willouy 
Kerb,  has  similar  properties. 

Epilobium  Villo'sum,  a  South  African  plant, 
is  used  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  domestie 
remedy  for  cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

EPIM'ANES.  A  name  given  to  a  maniac 
when  in  a  paroxysm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  twt/uknnat,  (art,  and 
ueXw,)  *  I  take  care  of/  A  name  by  which  the 
ancient  Persians  called  the  eurer*  of  wound*,  wb<» 
followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOR'IOS,  'unequal;'  from  cm,  and  pup», 
'I  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse  when 
unequal. — Galen. 

EPINARD,  Spinacia — L  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  .bonus  Henricus. 

$P IN E,  Spine— t\  du  Doe,  Vertebral  column 
— e*.  Outturale,  Nasal  spine,  inferior  and  posterior 
—  4.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal  spine  —  t.  Vinette, 
Oxycantha  Galeni. 

EPINEMESIS,  Dispensation. 

EPINEPH'ELOS,  Nubilo'eue.  Presenting  a 
cloud.    Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 

tiPINEUX,  Spinous— e*.  du  Doe,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis dorsi  major :  see  Interspinals  dorsi  et  lum- 
borum — 6.  du  Doe,  petit,  see  Interspinal**  dorsi 
et  lumborum. 

tiPlNQLE,  Pin. 

tiPINI^RE,  Spinal. 

EPINOTION,  Scapula. 

EPINYC'TIDES,  from  eri,  'upon.'  and  mf, 
'the  night,'  Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  skin 
in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day.  Put' tula 
liven*  et  noc'tibu*  inquie'tan*. — Pliny. 

EP1NYCTIS  PRURIGINOSA,  Urticaria. 

tiP  1  ONE,  Decidua. 

EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added  to  an  ordinary  paroxysm. 

EPIPASTUM,  Catapasmum. 

EPIPE'CHU,  titkirrxy,  from  m,  'upon,'  and 
miXvfr  '  the  elbow/  The  upper  part  of  the  elbow. 
— Gorraeus. 

EPIPEPHYCOS,  Conjunctiva, 

EPIPH^NOM'ENON,  Poet  appa'ren*  ;  same 
etymon.  Any  kind  of  adventitious  symptom 
which  occurs  during  the  progress  of  an  affection : 
and  which  is  not  as  intimately  connected  with 
the  existence  of  the  disease  as  the  symptoms 
properly  so  called. 

EPIBHA'NIA,  from  art,  'upon,'  and  fatvu,  'I 
exhibit.'  The  external  appearance  of  the  body. 
— Castelli. 

EPIPH'LEBTJS,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  e)\t^, 
'a  vein/  An  epithet  given  to  those  whose  veins 
are  very  apparent, — Hippoc,  Aretsous. 

EPIPHLEGIA,  Inflammation. 

EPIPHLOGISMA,  Erysipelatous  inflamma- 
tion. 

EPIPHLOGOSIS,  Hyperphlogosis. 

EPIPH'ORA,  Dacryno'ma,  Lachryma'tio,  De- 
lachryma'tio,  Jllaehryma'tio,  Stillicid'  turn  lachry- 
ma'rum,  Oc'ulue  lack' ry  man*  ;  from  tmQtpa,  {an, 
and  ^«fw,)  <I  carry  to/  Weeping.  (F.)  Larmoie- 
ment.  The  watery  eye;  —  an  involuntary  and 
constant  flow  of  tears  upon  the  eheek.  It  is  al- 
most always  symptomatic  of  some  disease  of  the 
lachrymal  passages,  and  occurs  when  the  tears 
cannot  pass  into  the  ductus  ad  naeum.    Oc<J*- 


BPIPHTMATA  3i 

sionally,  it  u  owing  to  tho  tears  being  secreted 
in  too  great  quantity ;  as  in  certain  cases  of  oph- 
thalmia. The  treatment  must  of  course  be  di- 
rected to  the  removal  of  the  cause. 

Epiphora,  Epidrome,  Ophthalmia — e.  Alvi, 
Diarrhoea  —  e.  Ptyalismus,  Salivation. 

EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

EPIPH'YSIS,  Additamen'tum,  fromeiri,  'upon/ 
and  <pva,  ' 1  arise/  Any  portion  of  a  bone,  sepa- 
rated from  the  body  of  the  bone  by  a  cartilage, 
which  becomes  converted  into  bone  by  age.  The 
epiphysis  of  the  foetus  becomes  the  apophyaia  of 
the  adult 

Epiphysis  Cruris  Longioris  Incudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

EP'IPHYTE,  Epiph'yton,  from  ciri,  'upon/ 
and  Qvtovj  *a  plant'  A  parasite  derived  from 
the  vegetable  kingdom.  Epiphytes  are  divided 
by  Vogel  into  1.  Vegetations  in  the  human  fluids, 
as  the  tor'ula  eerevie'ia  in  vomited  fluids  and 
faecal  evacuations,  and  the  aar'cina  ventric'uli, 
2.  Vegetations  on  the  external  skin  and  its  ap- 
pendages, as  in  tinea  favosa,  mentagra,  herpes 
tonsurans  and  plica  polonica,  and,  3.  Vegetations 
on  the  mucous  membrane, — for  example,  in  the 
aphthae  of  children ;  in  the  cicatrices  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  after  typhus,  Ac. 

EPIPLASMA,  Cataplasm.  Galen  uses  it  es- 
pecially for  an  application  of  wheaten  flour, 
boiled  in  hydrelaum,  and  applied  to  wounds. 

EPIPLE'GIA,  from  m,  'above/  and  *\nyn, 
'a  stroke.     Paralysis  of  the  upper  extremities. 

EPIPLERO'SIS,    from    ctti,   'augmentative/ 
and  rX»/ow<nj,  'repletion.'    Excessive  repletion; 
.  distention. 

EPIP'LOCE,  from  m,  'upon/  and  irXwrw,  'I 
twine.'     Coition.     Entanglement 

Epip'loce  Intestina'lis,  Conglomcra'tio  in- 
tcstino'ram.     Conglomeration  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  cr«irXoov,  'omentum/ and 
Kt}\q,  'tumour.'  Epip'loic  her'nia,  Zirba'lia  her- 
nia, Hernia  omenta' lis,  Omental  hernia,  (F.)JIer- 
nie  de  VSpiploon.  Omental  hernia  is  recognised 
— but  at  times  with  difficulty — by  a  soft,  unequal, 
pasty  tumour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is 
heard  on  preying  or  reducing  it  It  is  less  dan- 
gerous than  hernia  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE,  fromoriirXoov,  'the 
omentum,'  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and/njAij,  'tumour.' 
Hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon  and  a  portion  of 
intestine.  It  is  more  commonly  called  En'tero- 
epiploce'li. 
s  EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiplo- 
enteroachoce'U,  from  cvivXoov,  '  omentum/  evrepuv, 
'intestine/  ocxtov,  'scrotum/  and  KtjXn,  'rupture.' 
Hernia  with  omentum  and  intestine  in  the  scro- 
tum. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Epiplo'icu*.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appen'dagebj  Appendic'ulcs  epi- 
plo'iecBf  A.  pinguedino'sa,  Fim'brica  carno'sa 
colt,  Supplemen'ta  epiplo'ica.  Prolongations  of 
tho  peritoneum  beyond  the  surface  of  the  large 
intestine,  which  are  analogous  in  texture  and 
arrangement  to  the  epiploon. 

Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte'riai  Epiplo'ica}, 
The  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  off  by  the  gas- 
tro-epiploicoo.    , 

EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  omrXoov,  'the 
epiploon/  ieyiov,  '  the  ischium/  and  KyXrj,  '  a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  formed  by  the  epiploon  through 
the  ischiatic  notch. 

EPIPLOFTIS,  from  txtnXoov,  'the  omentum/ 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
cf  the  omentum ;  Omenti'tia,  Empreama  perito- 


5  EPIPLOSCHEOCELE 

niti*  omenta' lit,  Omenti  inflamxia'tio,  EnterVtU 
epiploVtti,  Omente'aia.  A  form  of  partial  perito- 
nitis. 

EPIPLOMEROCE'Lfi,  from  crtnXoov,  'the 
omentum/  unpos,  'the  thigh/  and  prX^'a  tu- 
mour.'    Femoral  hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Epiplomphalon. 

EPIPLOM'PHALOX,  Epiploom'phalon,  Epi- 
plomphaloce'le,  Hernia  unibilica'lia,  from  evmXoov, 
'the  omentum/  and  op^aXo?,  'the  navel/  Umbi- 
lical hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOM'PHR  ASIS,  from  nriirXoov, '  the  epi- 
ploon/ and  cu<ppa<rou,  'I  obstruct'  Induration 
of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  txmXoov,  'the  epi- 
ploon/ and  *o/ii£w,  '  I  carry.'  One  who  has  the 
omentum  morbidly  large.  Also,  one  labouring 
under  epiplocele. 

EPIP'LOON,  Epiploum,  from  cm,  'above/  and 
irXcw,  '  I  swim  or  float'  Omen' turn,  Rett,  Retic- 
ulum; Dertron;  Zirbua,  Gan' garni,  Gangamum, 
Operimen'tum  inteatino'rum,  Saccua  epiploic**, 
Sage'na.  The  CauL  A  prolongation  of  the  pe- 
ritoneum, which  floats  above  a  portion  of  the  in- 
testines, and  is  formed  of  two  membranous  layers, 
with  vessels  and  fatty  bands  distributed  through 
it  Anatomists  have  described  several  epiploons. 
The  uses  of  the  omentum  are  but  little  known. 
The  chief  one  seems  to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera 
in  situ,  and  to  give  passage  to  vessels. 

Epiploon,  Colic,  Colic  Omentum,  0.  co'licum, 
Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  is  a  duplicature  of 
the  peritoneum,  situate  along  the  ascending  por- 
tion of  the  colon,  as  far  as  its  junction  with  the 
transverse  portion.  It  is  behind  the  great  epi- 
ploon, and  fills  up  the  angle  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  ascending  with  the  transverse  colon. 
Its  two  lamina)  are  separated  by  colic  arteries 
and  veins. 

Epiploon,  G astro  -  Colic,  Great  Omentum, 
Omentum  gastro-co'licum,  Omentum  majus,  Peri- 
tones' um  duplica'tum,  Rcte  majus,  Zirbua  adipV- 
niu,  consists  of  an  extensive  duplicature,  which 
is  free  and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the  intestines. 
It  is  quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  loft  side 
than  on  the  right: — its  base  being  fixed,  ante- 
riorly, to  tho  great  curvature  of  the  stomach; 
and,  posteriorly,  to  the  arcn  of  the  colon.  It  U 
formed  of  two  laminae,  each  consisting  of  two 
others.  In  this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessels  is 
distributed,  and  there  is  much  fat 

Epiploon,  G astro-  Hepatic,  Lester  Omentum, 
Omentum  hep'ato-gas'tricum,  Omentum  minus, 
Membra'na  macilen'iior,  is  a  duplicature  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  extends  transversely  from  the 
right  side  of  tho  cardia  to  the  corresponding  ex- 
tremity of  the  fissure  of  the  liver,  and  down- 
wards from  this  fissure  to  the  lesser  curvature  of 
the  stomach,  the  pylorus  and  duodenum.  Be- 
low it  is  the  foramen  or  hiatus  of  Winslow;  and 
between  its  lamina)  are  lodged  the  biliary  and 
hepatic  vessels.  It  contains  but  little  fat  If 
air  be  blown  in  at  the  foramen  of  Winslow,  the 
cavity  of  the  omentum  will  be  rendered  percep- 
tible. 

Epiploon,  G astro-Splenic,  Gastro-  Splenic 
Omentum,  0.  Gaetro-aplc'nicum.  A  reflection  of 
the  peritoneum,  which  passes  between  the  eon- 
cave  surface  of  the  spleen  and  the  stomach,  from 
the  cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curvature,  and 
which  lodges  the  vasa  brevia  and  splenio  vessels 
between  its  lamina?. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,   from    nrixXoor, 
'the  epiploon/  rapf,  'flesh/  and  ofi<p*\oi,  'the 
navel.'    Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated 
omentum. 
EPIPLOSCHEOCE'U,  Epxplotchoce'U,  i 


BPIPLOUM 


8ST 


KPISTNTHETIO 


tawXssv,  'the  epiploon/  o^car,  'the  scrotum/ 
and  nrAij,  'tumour/  Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a 
displacement  of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPNOIA,  Afflatus. 

EPIPORO'MA,  from  mvupwa,  (en,  and  vupou, ) 
'I  harden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion  which  forms 
in  the  joints.     The  callus  of  fracture. 

EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrhos'a,  from  ««,  'upon/  and 
pw,  '  I  flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion  of  humours. 
— Hippocrates. 

EPIRRH(EA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPISARCIDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  arcogvi*,  'I 
restrain/    A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHET'ICUS ;  same  etymon.  SUtent, 
Rep'riment,  Co'hiben*.  '  Restraining/  An  agent 
that  diminishes — secretion,  for  example. 

EPISCHION.  Abdomen,  Pubes,  Pubis  os. 

EPISCOPALES  VALVULE,  Mitral  valves. 

EPISEION,  Pubis  (os),  Vulva,  Labium  Pu- 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EPISEM  A'SIA,  from  txicvpatvu,  (m,  and  v^a, 
'a  sign,)  '  I  afford  some  sign/  Sema'eia.  It  has 
been  used  synonymously  with  tign,  and  also  with 
the  invasion  of  an  attack  of  fever.  See  Annotatio. 

EPISIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISICEDE'MA,  from  ntcuov,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi/  and  otSrifta, '  oedema.'  CEdema  of  the  labia 
pudendi. 

EPISION,  Episeion. 

EPISION'CUS,  Episiophy'ma,  from  manor, 
(modern,)  'the  labium  pudendi/  and  oyxot,  'a 
tumour/  Tumor  labio'rum.  A  swelling  or  tu- 
mour of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus. 

EPISIORRHAG"IA,  from  ctimw,  'the  labia 
pudendi/  and  payn,  'rupture/  Hemorrhage  from 
the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  EpiriorrhapK'ia,  from 
toHTtiov,  (modern,)  'the  labium  pudendi/  'the 
vulva/  and  pa<f>n,  'suture/  An  operation  prac- 
tised in  cases  of  prolapsus  uteri,  which  consists 
in  paring  the  opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia  pu- 
dendi, bringing  them  together  and  uniting  them 
by  suture,  so  as  to  diminish  the  outlet  of  the  vulva. 

EPISOITIS,  from  ewtroov,  'the  labia  pudendi/ 
and  tot,  denoting  'inflammation/  Inflammation 
of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISPA'DIA;  Hypertpa'dia ;  same  etymon 
m  the  next     The  condition  of  an  Epispadias. 

EPISPADIAS,  Epifpadia'ui,  Anatpa'diti*, 
Anwtpadiae'ua,  Hypertpa'dia*,  Hypcrspadia'ui, 
from  txt,  '  above,  and  nau,  '  I  draw/  The  op- 
posite to  Hypospadias.  One  who  has  a  preter- 
natural opening  of  the  urethra  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  penis. 

EPISPAS'TICS,  Epupat'tica,  VeJicantt, 
Helc'tiea,  (P.)  EpUpaetique* ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  for  every  medicinal  substance  which, 
whon  applied  to  the  skin,  excites  pain,  heat,  and 
more  or  less  redness,  followed  by  separation  of 
the  epidermis,  which  is  raised  up  by  effused  serum. 
Cantharidcs  and  mustard  are  epispastics.  See 
Blister  and  Derivative. 

EPISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

J&PISPASTIQUES,  Epispastics. 

EPISPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPISPHiE'RIA,  from  cm,  'upon/  and  <r<f>atpa, 
'  a  sphere1  Some  physiologists  have  applied  this 
term  to  the  different  convolutions  and  sinuosities 
presented  by  the  external  surface  of  the  brain. 

EPISPHAGISMOS,  Signature. 

BPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from  «ir«rr«&f,  'epis- 
taxis/  and  kt^hv,  '  to  restrain/    Arrest  of  bleed- 
lag  from  the  nose. 
22 


EPISTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  Muscle. 

EPIS'TASIS,  Innden'tia,  from  en,  'upon,* 
and  erao,  '  I  rest'  A  substance  which  swims  at 
the  surface  of  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the  hypo*~ 
tarit  or  sediment  Epistasis  has  also  been  em- 
ployed synonymously  with  suppression. 

EPISTAX'IS,  from  en,  'upon/  and  orafa  'I 
flow  drop  by  drop/  Ha*morrhag"ia  activa  »«'- 
rium,  H.  narin'ea,  H.  na'riumf  Epxttax'it  jxtnio'- 
rum,  Epirtax'U  arterio'$af  Hamorrhin'ia,  H<c- 
morhinorrhag"iat  Hamatu'mtte,  Choanorrhag"ia, 
Rhinorrhag"ia,  Stillicid'ium  sou  Stilla'tio  Sang'- 
tunt«  e  nar*ibu»,  Hemorrhage  from  the  pituitary 
membrane.  Bleeding  at  the  nose,  Noeeblerd,  (F.) 
HSmorrhagie  naiale,  Saignement  du  nn,  Htmor* 
rhinie.  This  is  one  of  the  most  common  varie- 
ties of  hemorrhage;  the  organization  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  being  favourable  to  it, 
as  the  blood-vessels  are  but  slightly  supported. 
It  does  not  generally  flow  from  both  nostrils,  and 
is  very  apt  to  recur.  Puberty  is  the  period  at 
which  it  is  most  common.  Its  exciting  caueet 
are: — anything  that  will  induce  local  conges- 
tions, as  running,  coughing,  blowing  the  nose, 
Ac,  provided  there  be  a  predisposition  to  it  A 
common  case  of  epistaxis  requires  but  little  treat- 
ment, especially  if  in  a  young  person.  Light 
diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of  the  sulphate  of  magne- 
sia will  be  sufficient  In  more  severe  attacks, 
cold  and  astringent  washes  of  alum,  sulphate  of 
zinc,  weak  sulphuric  aeid,  or  creosote,  may  be 
used,  and  the  nostrils  be  plugged  anteriorly ;  but 
if  the  blooding  goes  on  posteriorly,  the  posterior 
nares  must  be  plugged  likewise, — the  patient 
boing  kept  with  the  head  raised.  The  flow  of 
blood  has  been  arrested  by  directing  the  patient 
to  stand  up  with  his  head  elevated,  compressing 
the  nostril  whence  the  blood  flows  with  the  finger, 
raising  the  corresponding  arm  perpendicularly,- 
and  holding  it  in  this  position  for  about  two  mi- 
nutes. A  less  vigorous  circulation  through  the 
carotids  appears  to  result  from  the  increased 
force  required  to  carry  on  the  circulation  through 
the  upper  extremities  when  raised* — Nlgrier. 
To  prevent  the  recurrence,  strict  diet  must  bo  in- 
culcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Epitterna'lit,  from  en,  'upon/ 
and  ortpvov,  'the  sternum.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  two  bones  which  form  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
are  situate  upon  its  superior  and  lateral  part  In 
the  young  subject,  they  are  attached  to  the  ster- 
num by  a  synovial  membrane,  and  a  fibrous  cap- 
sule. They  have  somewhat  the  appearance  of 
the  pisiform  bones,  but  are  of  a  greater  size. 

According  to  Professor  Owen,  the  piece  of  a 
segment  of  an  articulate  animal,  which  is  imme- 
diately above  the  middle  inferior  piece  or  sternum. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  enafov,  'forwards/ 
and  rtivw,  '  I  extend/  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  empro*- 
thotonoB  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHE,  Relapse. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISTROPHUS.  Axis. 

EPISYNAN'CUfi,  (cm,  and  synanchc  or  cynan- 
che,)  Epitynangi'na.  A  Greek  word,  used  by  a 
modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the  pharynx,  by 
which  deglutition  is  prevented,  and  the  solid  and 
liquid  food  driven  back  towards  the  mouth  or 
nasal  fossea. 

EPISYNTHET'IC,  Epiiynthcficu;  from  em. 
avvrt$nf*h  (™h  ffvv)  end  TtOjjfii,)  'to  collect,  accu- 
mulate/ The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whoso  ob* 
ject  it  was  to  reconoile  the  principles  of  the  Me- 
thodists with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogma 
tists.  Leonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have  been 
one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  sect;  of  which 
we  know  little. 


EPITASIS 


338 


EQUITATION 


nOTTASIS,  from  en,  and  rttveiv,  'to  extend.' 
Tbe  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  (Fcbri*  inUn'- 
sio,)  attack  or  paroxysm;  sometimes  it  is  used  in 
the  same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  '  suppression.' 

EPITELIUM,  Epithelium. 

EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithclia'lis ;  same  etymon 
as  epithelium.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  the 
epithelium, — as  'epithelial  cells,  or  scales.' 

EPITHE'LIUM,  Epite'lium,  Epithe'lis,  Ende- 
piderm'is,  from  nri,  'upon/  and  in**!,  'a  nipple.' 
The  thin  layer  of  epidermis,  which  covers  parts 
deprived  of  derma,  properly  so  called,  —  as  the 
nipple,  mucous  membranes,  lips,  Ac.  Modern 
histological  researches  have  shown  that  it  ex- 
tat*,  in  different  forms,  pavement,  cylinder  and 
ribratile  or  ciliated  epithelium.  Teaaelated  epi- 
thelium covers  the  serous  and  synovial  mem- 
branes, the  lining  of  blood-vessels,  and  the  mu- 
cous membranes,  except  where  cylinder  epithe- 
lium exists.  It  is  spread  over  the  mouth,  pha- 
rynx and  oesophagus,  conjunctiva,  vagina,  and 
entrance  of  the  female  urethra.  Cylinder  epithe- 
lium is  found  in  the  intestinal  canal,  beyond  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach ;  in  the  larger 
ducts  of  the  salivary  glands ;  in  the  ductus  com- 
munis choledocbus,  prostate,  Cowper's  glands, 
vesicuto  seminales,  vas  deferens,  tubuli  uriniferi, 
and  urethra  of  the  male ;  and  lines  the  urinary 
passages  of  the  female,  from  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra  to  the  beginning  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi 
of  the  kidneys.  In  all  these  situations,  it  is  con- 
tinuous with  tesselated  epithelium,  which  lines 
the  more  delicate  ducts  of  the  various  glands. 
For  the  uses  of  the  ciliated  epithelium,  see  Cilia. 

EP'ITHEM,  Epith'ema  or  Epkhe'ma,  from  swt, 
'upon/  and  n^i,  ' I  put.'  This  term  is  applied 
to  every  topical  application  which  cannot  be 
classed  either  under  ointments  or  plasters. 
Three  sorts  of  epithems  have  been  usually  dis- 
tinguished,—  the  liquid,  dry,  and  toft,  which 
comprise  fomentation*,  bag&  filled  with  dry  sub- 
atancea,  and  cataplasm*. 

EPITITESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments. 

EPITHYM'LE,  from  at,  'upon/  and  Bvftos, 
4  desire.'     Morbid  desires  or  longings. 

EPITHYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 

EPITHYMUM,  Cuscutaepithymum— e.  Offi- 
cinarum,  Cupcuta  Europaoa. 

EPITROCITLEA,  from  m,  'upon/  and 
rpogaXia,  '  a  pulley.'  That  whioh  is  situate  above 
a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the  un- 
equal, round  protuberance  situate  on  the  inside 
of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  above  its 
articular  trochlea.  It  is  the  part  usually  called 
the  inner  or  lesser  condyle  of  the  humerus.  From 
it  originate  several  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to 
which  it  has  given  part  of  their  names,  according 
to  the  system  of  Chaussier. 

&PITROCHLO-CARPI-PALMATRE,  Pal- 
maris  longus — t.  Cubito-carpien,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles— f.  Mftacarpien,  Palmaris  magnus — t.  Pha- 
tonginien  commun,  Flexor  sublimis  perforatus — 
i.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (F.)  EpizoUires,  Ectoparasites,  from 
*»i,  '  upon/  and  £wov, '  an  animal.'  Parasitic  ani- 
mals, which  infest  the  surface  of  the  body,  or  the 
fiommon  integument. 

EPIZOO'TIA,  EpizoVty.  Same  etymon.  A 
disease  which  reigns  amongst  animals.  It  corre- 
sponds, in  the  veterinary  arty  to  epidemy  in  me- 
dicine. 

EPJZOOT'IC,  EpitoWicus,  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating  or  appertaining  to  an  epiiob*ty, —  as  an 
'  tpiaotitio  aphtha.' 

EP'OCHE,  from  cat,  and  cy«,  'to  have  or  to 
hold.'  Doubt,  suspension  of  judgment —  Suspen'sa 


senten'tta.  Sometimes  employed  in  the  am* 
sense  as  episehesis  or  suppression. 

EPOCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

EPODE,  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  Superhumera'te,  from  tn,  'upon/ 
and  *(iost  'the  shoulder.'  The  acromion.  The 
upper  part  of  the  shoulder. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EPOMPHALICUM,  Epomphalinm. 

EPOMPHALION,  Uterus. 

EPOMPIIA'LIUM,  EpomphaVieum,  from  m, 
'upon/  and  o/nfiaXos,  'the  naveL'  A  medicine, 
which,  when  placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves 
the  belly. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

EPOSQE,  Spongia— -i.  tfEglantier,  Bedegar. 

&POQUES,  Menses. 

EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EPOSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

JZPREINTES,  Tenesmus. 

EPS  EM  A,  Decoction. 

EPSESIS,  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Epsom 
is  a  town  in  Surrey,  about  15  miles  from  London. 
The  water  is  a  simple  saline ; — consisting  chiefly 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which  has  consequently 
received  the  name  of  Epsom  Salts,  though  no 
longer  prepared  from  the  Epsom  water. 

tPUlSEMENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  twt,  'upon/  and  evXov,  'the 
gum.'  Odon'tia  cvccres'cens,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis, 
Ulon'cus,  Excrescen'tia  gingi'va.  An  excrescence 
on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in  cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

EPULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

EQUAL,  AZqna'lis.  An  epithet  applied  parti- 
cularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The  pulse 
and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pulsations 
and  inspirations  which  succeed  each  other  are 
alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIBRIUM,  from  atqvits,  'equal/  and 
librarc,  'to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word  is 
sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of  organs, 
fluids,  and  forces,  which  constitutes  health. 

EQUINA  CAUDA,  see  Cauda  Equina. 

E  QUI'  N I  A,  from  eauinus,  'belonging  to  a 
horde.'  Glanders,  (F.)  Morve.  A  dangerous  con- 
tagious disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular  erup- 
tion, which  arises  from  inoculation  with  certain 
diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse,  the  ass  and 
the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met  with,  —  E.  miffs, 
contracted  from  horses  affected  with  grease,  and 
E.  glandulo'sa,  a  dangerous  and  commonly  fatal 
disease  communicated  to  man,  either  in  the  aente 
or  chronic  form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  The 
veterinary  surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the 
disease  in  the  horse — Glanders,  Aia'lia,  Malias'- 
mus,  Ma* lie,  Malis,  Malleus;  and  Farcy  glanders, 
Farcino'ma,  Malleus  farcimino' sus,  Morbus  far- 
cimino'sus,  Cachexia  lymphatfica  farcimino'sa, 
(F.)  Morve  farcinsuse: — the  former  affecting  the 
pituitary  membrane  and  occasioning  a  profuse 
discharge  from  the  nostrils,  with  pustular  erup- 
tions or  small  tumours,  which  soon  suppurate  and 
ulcerate,  being  attended  by  symptoms  of  malig- 
nant fever  and  by  gangrene  of  various  parts :  — 
the  latter  boing  the  same  disease,  but  appearing 
in  the  shape  of  small  tumours  about  the  legs,  lips, 
face,  nock,  Ac.  of  the  horse;  sometimes  very 
painful,  suppurating  and  degenerating  into  foul 
ulcers.     They  are  often  seen  together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  bnt  rest; 
the  more  severe  generally  resist  all  remedies. 

EQUISETUM  ARVENSE,  Ac,  see  Hippuri* 
vulgaris— e.  Minus,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITA'TION,  Equita'tio,  Hippei'a.  Hippa'- 
sia,  Hippeu'sis,  from  eqwts,  '  a  horse/  Horseback 
exercise.  A  kind  of  exercise,  advisable  in  many 
diseases,  although  improper  in  others— in  uterine 


EQUIVOROTTS 


339 


ERGOTISM 


Affections,  for  instance.  It  has  been  much  recom- 
mended in  phthisis  pnlmonalis.  It  is  less  fatigu- 
ing than  walking,  and  consequently  more  avail- 
able in  disease.  Bnt  to  prevent  disease,  where 
much  exercise  is  required,  the  Utter  is  preferable. 
EQUIV'OROUS,  EquWorue,  Hippopk'agoue, 
from  equue,  'a  horse/  and  voro,  'I  devour.' 
Feeding  or  subsisting  on  horseflesh. 

EQUIVOCAL,  Equiv'oeut,  from  aquue,  'equal/ 
and  vox, '  voice/  Those  symptoms  are  occasion- 
ally so  denominated  which  belong  to  several  dis- 
eases. Generation  is  said  to  be '  equivocal/  when 
it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spontaneous.  See  Genera- 
tion. 

EQTJTJS,  Hippus. 
&RABLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 
ERADICATION,  Eradica'fio,  from  e,  'from/ 
and  radix,  '  a  root'    The  act  of  rooting  out,  or 
completely  removing  a  disease. 

ERAD'ICATIVE,  Eradi'can*:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  ont  a  disease. 

&RAILLEMENT  DES  PAUPI$RES,  Ec- 
tropion. 
EREBINTHU8,  Acer  arietinnm. 
ERECHTHFTES  HIERACIFO'LIA,  Sene'cio 
hieraei/o'liue,  Firetceed.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Order,  Composites,  which  flowers  from  July  to 
September.  It  is  said  to  be  an  acrid  tonic,  and 
astringent,  and  in  large  doses  emetic 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  Tela  erec'tili;  from 
trigere,  («,  and  rigere,)  'to  erect,'  'to  become 
erect.'  A  tissue,  whose  principal  character  is : — 
to  be  susceptible  of  dilatation,  i.  e.  of  turgesccnoe 
and  increase  of  size.  It  is  formed  of  a  collection 
•f  arteries  and  veins,  intermixed  with  nervous 
filaments;  which  form,  by  their  numerous  anas- 
tomoses, a  spongy  substanoe,  whose  areolae  com- 
municate with  each  other.  Smooth  muscular 
fibres  have  been  detected  in  it  This  tissue  ex- 
ists in  the  corpora  cavernosa  of  the  penis  and 
clitoris,  at  the  lower  and  inner  surface  of  the  va- 
gina, in  the  spongy  part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips, 
nipples,  iris,  Ac  Sometimes  it  is  developed  ac- 
cidentally, and  constitutes  a  kind  of  organic 
transformation. 

ERECTION,  Erec'tio,  Arrec'tio;  same  ety- 
mon. The  state  of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stiff,  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolae  of  its 
tissue,  as  in  the  oase  of  the  penis ; — Styma,  Styrte. 
ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS,  Isohio-oavernosus 
— c  Penis,  Ischio-eavernosus. 

EREMACAU'SIS,  from  tpn/tot,  'waste/  and 
iravw,  'combustion.'    A  term  applied  by  Liebig 
to  the  slow  combustion,  oxidation,  or  decay  of 
organic  matters  in  the  air. 
EREMIA.  Acinesia. 

ERETHILYTICUM  HJEMATOLYTICUM, 
Spanmmio. 

ER'ETHISM,  EreiKWmw,  ErethWia,  Irrita- 
men'tum,  Irrita'tio,  from  tpt$ifa,  '  I  irritate.'  Ir- 
ritation. Augmentation  of  the  vital  phenomena 
in  any  organ  or  tissue.  Orgasm.  Under  this 
name,  Mr.  Pearson  has  described  a  state  of  the 
constitution  produced  by  mercury  acting  on  it  as 
a  poison.  He  calls  it  Mercu'rial  Ereth&mu*.  It 
is  characterized  by  great  depression  of  strength ; 
anxiety  about  the  prooordia;  irregular  action  of 
the  heart;  frequent  sijrhing;  tremors;  small, 
quick,  sometimes  intermitting,  pulse ;  occasional 
vomiting;  pale,  contracted  countenance,  and 
sense  of  coldness;  but  the  tongue  is  seldom 
furred,  nor  are  the  vital  and  natural  functions 
much  disturbed.  In  this  state  any  sudden  exer- 
tion may  prove  fatal. 
ERETHLSMA,  Rubefacient 
ERETHISMUS.  Erethism,  Irritation-e.Ebrio- 


sorom,  Delirium  tremens — e.  Hydrophobia,  Hy- 
drophobia—e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria— » 
e.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 
ERETHISTICUS.  Erethiticus,  Rubefacient 
ERETHIT'IC,  Erethit'icue,  ErethWticut.    Be* 
longing  or  relating  to  erethism,  —  as  "erethitio 
phenomena,"  or  phenomena  of  irritation. 
EREUGMOS,  Eructation. 
EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 
ERGASMA,  Myrrha. 
ERGASTERION  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 
ERGASTERIUM,  Laboratory. 
ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot,  'a  spur/   Er'gota,  Seea'U 
comu'tum,  Clatms  eecali'nue,  Clavxu  aeea'li;  Sper. 
moi'dia  clavue,  Mater  eeca'lie,  Calcar,  Seea'U* 
mater,  Seea'U  hucu'rians,  Ustila'go,  Clavtit  eilig". 
inie,  Frumen'tum  comu'tum,  F.  eornieula'tum,  F. 
luxu'riana,  F*  tur'gidum,  F.  temulen'tum,  Brinoe*- 
era*,  (t)  Melanophy'ma,  Spurred  or  Horned  Eye, 
the  Spur,  Horneeed,  (F.)  Seigle  ergoti,  BU  corn*. 
Ergot  is  generally  considered  to  be  the  result  of 
a  disease  in  rye,  occurring  most  frequently  when 
a  hot  summer  succeeds  a  rainy  spring.    Decan- 
dolle,  however,  regards  it  as  a  parasitic  fungus, 
and  calls  it,  Sclero'tium  clavue;  whilst  Leveille* 
esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus  giving  a  coating  to  the 
diseased  grain;  the  medical  virtues  residing  in 
the  coating.  This  parasitic  fungus  he  calls  Spha- 
ce'lia  eeg"etum.  More  recently,  it  has  been  main- 
tained, that  it  is  a  diseased  state  of  the  grain  oc- 
casioned by  the  growth  of  a  fungus  not  pre- 
viously detected,  to  which  the  names  Ergot m'tia 
abortant  sen  abortifa'ciene,  Oidium  abort i/n'ciene, 
Ergot-mould,  have  been  given.    It  is  found  pro- 
jecting from  among  the  leaves  of  the  spike  or 
ear;  and  is  along,  crooked  excrescence,  resem- 
bling the  spur  of  a  cock ;  pointed  at  its  extremi- 
ties ,*of  a  dark  brown  colour  externally,  and  white 
within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germany 
to  act  on  the  uterus,  as  its  names  Mutterkorn 
and  Geb'arpnlver  (womb-grain,  pulvis  partu- 
riens)  testify.  Upwards  of  forty  years  ago,  it 
was  recommended  in  this  country,  by  Dr.  John 
Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  for  ac- 
celerating parturition ;  and  since  that  period,  nu- 
merous testimonials  have  been  offered  in  its  fa- 
vour. Half  a  drachm  of  the  powder  is  gently 
boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water,  and  one-third  part 
given  every  20  minutes,  until  proper  pains  begin. 
Some  recommend  the  clear  watery  infusion; 
others  advise  the  powder;  others  the  oil,  and 
others  the  wine.  It  is  obvious,  that  in  many 
oases  the  uterine  efforts  would  return  in  the  pe- 
riod whioh  would  necessarily  elapse  in  the  admi- 
nistration of  ergot,  so  that  several  of  the  cases, 
at  least,  of  reputed  efficacy,  may  not  have  been 
dependent  upon  the  assigned  agent  Ergot  also 
possesses — it  is  affirmed — narcotic  virtues,  which 
have  rendered  it  useful  in  hemorrhagic  and  other 
affections  of  excitement 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  attended 
with  the  effects  described  under  Ergotism. 
ERGOT,  Hippocampus  minor. 
ERGOT-MOULD,  see  Ergot 
ERGOTA,  Ergot 

ERGOT^TIA  ABORTAffS,  see  Ergot— e. 
Abortifaciens,  see  Ergot 

ER'GOTIN,  Extrae'tum  Er*go1<B,  Extract  of 
Ergot,  (F.)  Ergotine,  Extrait  Kimoetatique  de 
Bonjean.  The  extract  of  ergot  has  been  found 
an  excellent  hemastatic  in  the  dose  of  two  grains 
several  times  a  day.  It  has  also  been  used  ex- 
ternally. 
ERGO  TINE,  Ergotin. 

ER'GOTISM,  Ergotit'mue,  from  ergota,  'ergot 
Morbus  cerea'lie.  Poisoning  by  ergot  An  affec- 
tion produced  by  the  use  of  spurred  rye.  At 
times,  the  symptoms   are   limited   to  "vertigo, 


ERQOTISME  CONVULSIVE 


840 


BRVUM 


spurns,  and  convulsions.  See  Convulsio  oereatis. 
Most  commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness 
of  the  hands  and  feet,  which  waste  away,  lose 
sensation  and  the  power  of  motion,  and  separate 
from  the  body  by  dry  gangrene;  Ergotis'mus 
Spkacelo'sus,  Sphac"elus  cerea'lis,  Necro'sis  ce- 
rea'lis, Oangra'na  ustilagin'ea,  Necrosis  ustila- 
gin'ea, Ergot  or  Mildew  mortification,  (F.)  Ergo- 
tisms gangrtneux,  Qangrlne  des  Solonois,  Mai  de 
Sologne. 

ERQOTISME  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio  ee- 
realis. 

ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism  — e.  Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio  cerealis — e.  Sphacelosus,  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Callu'na  vulga'ris  sen 
Eri'ca,  Common  Heath,  (F.)  Bruytre  vulgaire. 
This  has  been  regarded  as  diuretic  and  diapho- 
retic. 

ERIG"ERON  BELLIDIFO'LIUM,  Robin's 
plantain.  An  indigenous  plant  of  the  Composite 
family;  flowering  in  May.  It  is  said  to  possess 
properties  like  the  next 

Erig"eron  Philadel'phicum,  Scabious,  Ske- 
visch,  Philadelphia  Flea-Bane,  Skevisch  Flea- 
Bane,  Daisy,  Cocash,  Frostweed,  Fieldweed, 
Squaw-weed,  (¥.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphie. 
The  plant  has  oeen  used  in  decoction  or  infusion 
for  gouty  and  gravelly  oomplaints,  and  is  said 
to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific. 

Erigeron  Canaden'sb,  Oan'ada  Fleabane,  is 
considered  to  be  allied  in  properties  to  the  above, 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Erigeron  Hetero- 
phyV'lum,  Sweet  Sca'bious  or  various-leaved  Flea- 
bane  ;  all  of  which  are  in  the  secondary  list  of 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

ERIGERUM,  Senecio. 

fCRIGNE,  Hook. 

&RINE,  Hook. 

ERIOCEPH'ALUS  UMBELLULA'TUS,  Wild 
Rose' ma  ry.  A  South  African  shrub,  Nat.  Ord. 
Composited,  which  is  diuretic,  and  used  by  the 
farmers  and  Hottentots,  in  various  forms  of 
dropsy. 

ERIOSPERM'UM  LATIFO'LIUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  tuber  of  which  is  muculent, 
and  used  externally  in  abrasions  of  the  skin,  and 
in  superficial  ulcers.  It  is  also  employed  by  the 
Mohammedans,  in  decoction,  in  amenorrhcea, 

ERIX,  cf>'?.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen,  the 
upper  part  of  the  liver. 

ERODENS,  Caustic. 

ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  moa- 
chatum. 

EROMANIA,  Erotomania. 

ERON'OSUS,  Eronu'sos,  fromty,  'spring,' and 
voeos  or  vowot,  'disease.'  A  disease  which  ap- 
pears chiefly  in  spring. 

EROS,  Love. 

EROSIO,  Corrosion  —  e.  et  Perforatio  sponta- 
nea Ventricuii,  Gastromalacia. 

ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Anabro'sie, 
Corro'sion,  from  erodere,  (e,  and  rodere,)  'to  eat 
away.'  The  action  of  a  corrosive  substance,  or 
the  gradual  destruction  of  a  part  by  a  substance 
of  that  kind.  It  is  often  employed  in  the  same 
sense  as  ulceration,  spontaneous  erosion. 

EROT'IC,  Ero'ticus,  from  cfwj,  'love.'  That 
which  is  produced  by  love ;  —  as  Erotic  melan- 
choly, E.  delirium,  Ac 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania. 

EROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOMA'NIA,  Eroma'nia,  Ma' ma  erot'ica, 
from  epws, '  love,'  and  uavta,  '  mania.1  A  species 
ot  mental  alienation  caused  by  love.  Erotic  me- 
lancholy is  Love  melancholy.  Some  authors  write 
it  Erot'ico-mania.    Also,  Nymphomania. 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUNDUS,  Planetes. 


ERRAT'IC,  Erraficus,  Atac'tos,  Afypos;  1 
errare,  'to  err.'  Wandering,  irregular.  That 
whioh  disappears  and  recurs  at  irregular  inter- 
vals. This  name  is  given  to  intermittent*,  Febres 
errat'iceB,  which  observe  no  type.  Most  com- 
monly, it  is  applied  to  pains  or  to  any  diseased 
manifestations  which  are  not  fixed,  but  move 
from  one  part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheumatism, 
erysipelas,  Ac. 

ERREUR  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci 

ER'RHINE,  Errhi'num  or  Er'rhinum,  Stemu- 
tato'riutn,  Ster'nutatory,  P  tar*  mi  cum,  Apophleg- 
mat'isans  per  nares,  Nasa'li,  from  tv,  *  in/  and 
ptv,  '  the  nose.'  A  remedy  whose  action  is  ex- 
erted on  the  Schneiderian  membrane,  exciting 
sneezing  and  increased  discharge.  Errhines  have 
been  mainly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
affections.  The  chief  are :  Asari  Folia,  Euphor- 
bia) gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  flavus, 
Tabacum,  and  Veratrum  album. 

ERRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RHYSIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  pa*,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling  he- 
morrhage. 

ERROR  LOCI,  Apoplane'sis,  (F.)  Erreur  de 
Lieu.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave  to 
express  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter  ves- 
sels not  destined  for  them.  Boerhaave  admitted 
several  orders  of  capillary  vessels,  the  diameters 
of  which  went  on  decreasing.  The  largest  re- 
ceived red  blood:  those  which  came  next  re- 
ceived only  white :  others  only  lymph ;  whilst  the 
last  of  all  were  destined  for  yet  more  subtle  fluids 
— for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the  red  globules 
entered  vessels  destined  for  the  white,  or  the 
white  those  intended  for  the  thinner  fluids,  there 
was,  according  to  the  theory  of  Boerhaave,  an 
error  loci,  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation 
and  other  mischiefs.     See  Aberration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Sinapis — e.  Barbarea, 
Erysimum  barbarea — e.  Foetida,  Brassica  eruca — 
e.  Sativa,  Brassica  eruca. 

ERUCTA'TION,  Ructa'Ho,  Erevg'mus,  Er*yg*, 
Eructa'tio,  Ructus,  Rue  ta' men,  Ructua'ho, 
Ereux'is,  Restagna'tio,  Ru/t,  (N.  of  England,) 
from  eructare,  (e,  and  ructare,  '  to  belch.') 
Belching,  (F.)  Rot,  Rapport.  A  sonorous  emis- 
sion, by  the  mouth,  of  flatus  proceeding  from  the 
stomach.  When  so  frequent  as  to  occasion  a  dis- 
eased condition,  this  is  termed  Ructuo'sitas,  Mor- 
bus ructuofsus. 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothnu 

&RUQINEUX,  JEruginous. 

ERUPTIO,  Eruption— e.  Exanthematis,  Epa- 
nastasis — e.  Sanguinis,  Hsemorrhagia. 

ERUP'TION,  Erup'tio,  from  erumpert,  (e,  and 
rumpere,)  '  to  issue  with  violence,' ■  to  break  out' 
This  word  has  several  meanings.  1.  The  sudden 
and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid  from  a  canal 
or  cavity; — of  serum,  blood,  pus,  Ac,  for  exam- 
ple. 2.  The  breaking  out  of  an  exanthem ;  and, 
3,  the  exanthem  itself,  whether  simply  in  the 
form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pustules,  vesicles,  Ac. 

ERUPTION  ANOMALE,  Roseolas— e.  Jfo- 
sace,  Roseola? — e.  Violet,  Ionthus. 

ERUP'TIVE,  Ervptivm.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by  an  eruption.  Thus  small -pox, 
measles,  scarlet  fever,  miliaria,  Ac,  are  eruptive 
fevers.  The  term  eruptive  disease  is  nearly  sy- 
nonymous with  cutaneous  disease. 

ERVA  DE  SANCTA  MARIA,  Arum  Dracnn- 
cnlu8. 

ERVA  LENTA,  see  Ervum. 

ERVUM,  E.  Ervil'ia,  E.  plica' turn,  Vic"ia  er- 
vil'ia,  Or'o&iw,  (F.)  Lentille  Ers  on  Orobe.  In 
times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds  have  been  made  into 
bread,  but  it  is  Baid  not  to  be  wholesome.  The 
meal  was  one  much  used  in  poultices :  it  wns  for- 


ERYGE 


M 


ERYTHEMA 


merly  called  Orob'ion,  opofitov.  Under  the  name 
Erwtienta,  a  secret  preparation  has  been  intro- 
duced into  Paris.  It  is  a  vegetable  powder,  which, 
when  mixed  with  milk  and  soup  and  taken  night 
and  morning,  is  said  to  hare  succeeded  in  remo- 
ving old  and  obstinate  obstructions!  Bnchner 
thinks  it  is  bean-meal,  Ditterich,  the  meal  of  the 
seed  of  Ervum  Ervilia. — Asohenbrenner. 

Ervum  Ervilia,  Ervum. 

Ervom  I.EX8,  Oicer  Lens,  Lens  esculen'ta,Phacos, 
the  Lentil,  (F.)  Lentille.  The  seed,  Phaci,  Pha'- 
eea,  Phaeus,  is  eaten  in  many  places  like  peas : 
they  are  flatulent  and  difficult  of  digestion. 

Ervum  Pltcatom,  Ervum. 

ERTGE,  Eructation. 

ERYNGIUM,  see  E.  Aqnaticum. 

Eryn'gium  Aquat'icum,  Water  Eryn'go,  But- 
ton Snake  Hoot,  Nat.  Order,  Umbellifene.  This 
rooty  Eryn'gium,  (Ph.  U.  8.,)  is  nearly  allied  to 
the  eontrayerva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more  espe- 
cially as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  article  in 
the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Eryngium  Campes'trX,  E.  vulga'ri,  Centum 
Cap  ita,  Lyrin'gium,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capitfu- 
lum  Martis,  Acus  Ven'eris,  (P.)  Panicaut,  Char- 
don-Roland,  is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritimum. 

Eryngium  MariVimum  seu  Mari'itom.  The 
Sea  Holly  or  Eryngo,  JSthe'rea  Herba,  (F.)  Pa- 
nicaut Maritime.  JSryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is 
considered  to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcely  ever  used. 

Eryngium  Vulgaris,  E.  Gampestre. 

ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum  —  e. 
Water,  Eryngium  aqnaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  Erysimum  officina'tt,  Sisym'- 
brium  officinale,  Chamtt'plion.  Hedge- mustard, 
(F.)  Vilar,  TorteUe,  Herbe  aux  Chantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant  and 
diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  resemble 
mustard. 

'Erysimum  Alli  art  a,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barb  a' re  a,  E.  lyra'tum,  Ar'abis 
barba'rea,  Sisymbrium  barba'rea,  Eru'ea  barba'- 
rea, Barba'rea,  B.  striata,  (F.)  Herbe  de  Sainte 
Barbe,  has  been  ranked  amongst  the  antiscor- 
butic plants.    See  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Cordifolium,  Alliaria — e.  Lyratum, 
E.  barbarea. 

BRYSIPELA'CEA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next 
A  family  of  eruptive  diseases,  comprising  erysi- 
pelas, variola,  rubeola,  and  scarlatina. 

ERYSIPELAS,  from  cpvu,  'I  draw  in/  and 
*<X«(,  'near.'  Febris  erysipelato'sa,  Febris  ery- 
sipela'cea,  Erythrop'yra,  Emphlysis  Erysip'elas, 
St.  Anthony's  fire,  Ignis  Saneti  AnU/nii,  I.  Colu- 
mel'la,  Hieropyr,  Icterif'ia  rubra,  Ignis  saeer, 
Hose,  Rubea  icterif'ia,  Vicinitra'ha,  Vicinitrac1 '- 
tus,  Brunus,  Lugdus,  (F.)  firysipilc,  Feu  St.  An- 
toine,  Feu  sacH,  Mai  Saint  Antoine.  A  disease, 
bo  called  because  it  generally  extends  gradually 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superficial  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  with  general  fever,  tension  and 
swelling  of  the  part;  pain  and  heat  more  or  less 
acrid ;  redness  diffused,  but  more  or  less  circum- 
scribed, and  disappearing  when  pressed  upon  by 
the  finger,  bat  returning  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed.  Frequently,  small  vesicles  appear 
upon  the  inflamed  party  which  dry  up  and  fall 
off,  under  the  form  of  branny  scales.  Erysipelas 
is,  generally,  an  acute  affection :  its  medium  du- 
ration being  from  10  to  14  days.  It  yields,  com- 
monly, to  general  refrigerant  remedies.  Topical 
applications  are  rarely  serviceable.  At  times, 
when  the  disease  approaches  the  phlegmonous 
character,  copious*  bleeding  and  other  evacuants 
may  be  required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas 
of  the  fitee;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 


In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  general  action  seems 
deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  tonics. 

When  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elas  phlegmono'des,  (F.)  Eryniptle 
phlegmoneux:  when  accompanied  with  phlyo- 
tena),  and  the  inflammation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip'elas  gangrteno'sum,  (F.)  Erysiptle 
gangrineux;  and  when  associated  with  infiltra- 
tion of  serum  Erysip'elas  oedemata' sum,  (F.)  £ry- 
sipUe  cedemateux. 

Erysipelas  Gangrenosum,  see  Erysipelas — 
e.  (Edematosum,  see  Erysipelas  —  e.  Phlegmo- 
nodes,  see  Erysipelas  —  e.  Periodica  nervosa 
chronica,  Pellagra  —  e.  Phlyctenoides,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes  zoster — e.  Zoster, 
Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSIPELATOUS,  Erysipelatous. 

ERYSIPELATOUS,  Erysijpelato'des,  Erysi- 
pelato'sus.  Belonging  to  erysipelas ;  as  an  ery- 
sipelatous affection. 

Erysipelatous  Inflammation,  Inflamma'tio 
erysipelato'sa,  EpiphlogWma,  Guti'tis,  Dermati'- 
Hs,  is  the  character  of  inflammation  which  distin- 
guishes erysipelas,  Erythe'ma  erysipelato'sum. 

JtRYSIPELE,  Erysipelas— I.  Ambulant,  see 
Ambulant  —  i.  Gangrineux,  see  Erysipelas  —  L 
(Edemateux,  see  Erysipelas—-*?.  Phlegmoneux,  see 
Erysipelas — £.  Serpigineux,  see  Serpiginous — t. 
Pustuleux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS,  Erythema. 

ERYTHE'MA,  from  tpvdpmos,  epvdpot,  'red, 
rose-coloured.'  Eryihre'ma,  (F. )  JtrytKeme, 
This  name  is,  sometimes,  given  to  erysipelas, 
especially  when  of  a  local  character.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  the  morbid  redness  on  the 
cheeks  of  the  hectic,  and  on  the  skin  covering 
bubo,  phlegmon,  Ac.  It  forms  the  6th  genus 
of  the  3d  order,  Exanthemata,  of  Bateman's 
classification  of  cutaneous  diseases;  and  is  de- 
fined, "a  nearly  continuous  redness  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  attended  with  disorder  of  the 
constitution,  but  not  contagious/  Many  varie- 
ties are  described  by  dermatologists, — for  exam- 
ple, E.  intertrigo,  JB.  fugax,  E.  papula' turn,  E, 
tuberculatum,  E.  nodo'sum,  E.  lave,  E.  eentrif'- 
ugum,  E.  margina'tum,  and  E.  acrodyn'ia. 

Erythema  Acrodynia,  Acrodynum — e.  Am- 
bustio,  Burn— e.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 

Erythe'ma  Ckntrif'ugum.  A  variety  of  ery- 
thema attacking  the  face,  commencing  with  a 
small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as,  at 
times,  to  affect  the  whole  face. 

Erythema  Endemicum,  Pellagra — e.  a  Fri- 
gore,  Chilblain. 

Erythe'ma  Fugax.  Patches  of  erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile  dis- 
eases, teething  children,  Ac,  and  which  are  of 
brief  duration. 

Erythema  Gangrenosum,  Anthrax — e.  Icho- 
rosnm,Eosema  merouriale — e.  Intertrigo,  Chafing. 

Erythe'ma  Lave,  (F.)  irythime  Uger.  Slight 
erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in  oedema. 

Erythe'ma  Marginatum,  (F.)  firythlme  mar- 
ginal. A  form  in  which  the  prominent  patches 
of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated  from  the 
skin  at  their  margins. 

Erythema  Mercurials,  Eczema  mercurial e. 

Erythe'ma  Nodo'bum,  (F.)  £rytJ£me  noueux. 
A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuberculatum. 

Ebythb'ma  Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erythime  papu- 
leux.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at  first  pa- 
pulated,  appearing  on  the  face,  neck,  breast,  Ac., 
of  females,  and  young  persons  more  especially. 

Erythema  Pellagbum,  Pellagra — e.  Pernio 
Chilblain. 


ERYTHEMATOUS 


MS  ESSENCE 


Kbythb'xa  Sola'bI.  A  name  given  by  the 
Italians  to  Pellagra,  owing  to  its  being  attended 
with  an  eruption  of  small  red  spot*  or  patches  on 
the  parts  that  are  exposed  to  the  sun, 

Ebtthe'xa  Tuberculatum,  E.  tuberculo'sum, 
(F.)  £rvtheme  tuberculeux,  A  form  of  erythema 
in  which  the  patches  are  in  small  lumps. 

ERYTHEMATOUS,  Erythemafie,  Erythema- 
to'sus,  Erythemat'icus,  (P.)  Erythimateux.  Ap- 
pertaining or  relating  to  Erythema. 

&R  YTH&ME,  Erythema— £  Ltger,  Erythe- 
ma Ice ve— I.  Marginal,  Erythema  marginatum — 
I.  Noueux,  Erythema  nodosum  —  6.  Papuleux, 
Erythema  papulatum — 4.  Tuberculeux,  Erythema 
tuberculatum. 

ERYTHR^A  CENTAURIUM,  Ohironiacen- 
taurium  —  e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chironia 
Chilensis. 

ERYTHREMIA,  Plethora. 

ERYTHRAN'CHE,  Angi'na  erysipelato'sa 
from  tpvdpoft  '  red/  and  aygw, '  I  suffocate.'  Ery- 
sipelatous or  erythematous  sore  throat. 

ERYTHREMA,  Erythema. 

ERYTHRINA  MONOSPERMA,  Bute*  fron- 
dosa. 

ERYTHROCHCERAS,  Cynanehe  parotidaaa. 

ERYTHRODANUM,  Rubia. 

ER'YTHROID,  Ery  thro' del,  ErythroVdes. 
Reddish. 

Erythroid  Coat.  Tu'nica  ery  thro' des.  Vagi- 
nal eoat  of  the  testis. 

Eb'ythroid  Ves'icle,  Vesic'ula  Erythroldea. 
A  reside  of  the  foetus  described  by  Pockels  and 
others.  It  is  pyriform,  and  much  longer  than, 
although  of  the  same  breadth  as,  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  Velpeau,  Weber,  and  others,  doubt  its 
being  a  physiological  condition. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  E.  Americanum. 

EBYTHRo'inuar  Ahebica'nux,  E.  flavum,  E. 
dent  canis,  E.  lanceola'tum,  E.  longifo'Kum,  Com- 
mon Erythro'nium,  Yellow  Snake-leaf,  Yellow 
Adder's  tongue,  Adder-leaf,  Dog  vi'olet,  Rattle- 
snake vi'olet,  Lamb'$  tongue,  Scrofula  root,  Yel- 
low Snowdrop,  This  plant  is  possessed  of  emetic 
properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever,  used.  The  root 
and  herb,  Erythro'nium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Ebythbootux  Dews  Canis,  E.  Americanum — 
e.  Flavum,  E.  Americanum — e.  Lanceolatum,  E. 
Americanum— e.  Longifolium,  E.  Americanum. 

ERYTHROPYRA,  Erysipelas. 

ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora. 

ES'APHS,  from  Seagate,  '  I  touch  with  the  fin- 
gers.' (P.)  Le  Toucher,  The  introduction  of  a 
finger  or  fingers  into  the  vagina,  for  the  purpose 
of  examining  the  condition  of  the  uterus.  It  is 
employed  to  verify  the  existence  or  non-existenoe 
of  pregnancy  and  its  different  stages ;  to  detect 
certain  affections  or  faults  of  conformation  in  the 
genital  organs  and  pelvis ;  and,  during  the  pro- 
cess of  accouchement*  to  examine  into  the  pro- 
gress of  labour,  Ac. 

ESCA,  Aliment 

ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ESCARGOT,  Limax. 

ESCHALOTTE,  jSchalotte. 

ESCHAR,  Ea'chara,  Es'char,  a  alough,  a  crust 
or  §cab.  The  crust  or  disorganized  portion,  ari- 
sing from  the  mortification  of  a  part,  and  which 
is  distinguishable  from  the  living  parts  by  ii* 
oolour,  consistence,  and  other  physical  properties. 
The  inflammation  which  it  excites  in  the  conti- 
guous parts,  gives  occasion  to  a  secretion  of  pus 
between  the  living  and  dead  parts,  which  ulti- 
mately completely  separates  the  latter. 

ESCHARA,  Vulva. 


ESCHAROT'IC,  Eacharot'ieum,  from  (*%**** 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  such 
as  caustic  potassa:  the  concentrated  mineral 
acids,  Ac. 
Escharotic  Poisoic,  see  Poison. 

ESCHELLOHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.  It  is  a  sulphuro- 
saline. 

ESCHID'NA  OCELLA'TA.  A  very  poisonous 
viper,  which  inhabits  the  sugar-cane  fields  of 
Peru.    Its  bite  is  almost  instantaneously  fatal. 

ESCORZONERA;  Soorzonera. 

ESCREVISSE,  Crab. 

ESCULAPIAN,  Medical. 

ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Ed'ible,  Eafable, 
from  eeea,  'food.'  (P.)  Comestible.  Such  plants 
or  such  parte  of  plants  or  animals  as  may  be 
eaten  for  food. 

ESO,  ««•>,  'within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part;  as  EsoSnteritit, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines: —  Esogastri'tis,  inflammation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  stomach,  Ac 

ESOCHAS,  Esoche. 

ES'OCHE,  Es'ochas.  A  tumour— «s  a  hemor- 
rhoid— within  the  anus. 

ESOCOLITIS,  Desentery. 

ESODIC,  Afferent 

ESOENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ESOOASTRITIS,  Endogastritis. 

ESOTER'IC,  arurspos,  'interior/  from  tets, 
'within.'  Private;  interior;  in  contradistinction 
to  Exoter'ic,  public,  exterior.  Hence,  we  Bpeak 
of  'esoteric  and  exoteric  causes  of  disease.' 

ESOT'ERISM,  MED'ICAL.  Same  etymon  as 
Esoteric.  A  term  used  by  M.  Simon,  in  his  D6- 
ontologie  midicale,  for  that  esotery,  or  mystery 
and  secresy,  with  which  the  practitioner  performs 
his  daily  duties,  and  which,  he  conceives,  he  is 
compelled  to  adopt  by  the  prejudices  and  igno- 
rance of  his  patients. 

ESP  ACES  INTERCOSTAUX,  see  Costa, 

ESPECE,  Powder,  compound. 

ESPMCES  VULNArAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPHLA'SIS,  from  «*  'inwards,'  and  *X«*, 
'  I  break,  bruise/  Ac  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by 
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed. 
See  Depression,  and  Enthlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit—  e.cTAmmoni aq ue,  Spiritas 
ammonite — e.  d'Anis,  Spiritus  anisi — c.  de  Oam- 
phre,  Spiritus  camphorsa — e.  de  CanueUe,  Spiritas 
oinnamomi — e.  de  Oarvi,  Spiritas  earui  —  e.  de 
Oeniivre  compost,  Spiritus  juniperi  compoeitus— 
e.  deLavande,  Spiritus  lavanduliB — c  de  Lavande 
compost,  Spiritus  lavandulss  composites  — «.  de 
Menthe  poivrte,  Spiritus  menthss  piperita* — e.  de 
Muscade,  Spiritus  myristicss — e.  de  Pouliot,  Spi- 
ritus pulegU — «.  de  Raifort  compost,  Spiritus  ar- 
moracice  oompositus  —  e,  de  Bomarin,  Spiritas 
rosmarini — e.  de  Vin  dtlayt,  Spiritas  tenuior— *. 
de  Vin  rectifii,  Spiritus  rectifieetus. 

ESPRITS  ANIMAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESQUILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUINANCIE,  Cynanehe,  Cynanehe  ton- 
sillaris. 

ESQUINE,  Smilax  China. 

ES'SENCE,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  eastern- 
tia,  'standing  out'(?)  By  some,  used  synony- 
mously with  volatile  oil;  by  others,  with  simple 
tincture.  The  oil  of  peppermint  is  the  oil  obtained 
by  distillation ;  the  essence,  the  oil  diluted  with 
spirit    See  Tinot  olei  menthss. 

Essence  or  Babdaxa,  Hill's,  Tinoturi  guaiaci 
ammoniata — e.  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tincture  bemoan 
composite — e.  of  Musk,  Tincture  mosoM — e.  of 


ESSENCES 


MS 


ETHMTPHITIS 


J&ostard  PUls,  Whitehead's,  see  6inapis  — e.  of 
Mustard,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Pep- 
permint, Tinctura  olei  menthas  piperita — e.  of 
Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  men  thee  viridis —  e.  of 
Spruce,  see  Pinns  Abies. 

ESSENCES,  Olea  volatilia. 

ESSENTIA,  Essence,  Tincture  — e.  Abieiis, 
see  Pinns  abies  —  e.  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  —  e. 
Absinthii  amara,  Tinctura  A.  composita — e.  Ab- 
sinthii  composita,  Tinctnra  A.  composita — e.  An- 
timonii  sea  stibii,  Vinnm  antlmonii  tartarizati  — 
e.  Antiseptic*  Huxhami,  Tinctnra  cinchona)  com- 
posita— e.  Aromatica,  Tinctura  oinnamomi  com- 
posita—e.  Castorei,  Tinctnra  eastorei — e.  Catho- 
lics pnrgans  Rothii,  Tinctnra  jalapii  composita — 
e.  de  Cedro,  Oleum  cedrinum  —  e.  China),  Tinc- 
tura cinchona  composita  —  e.  Cinnamomi,  Tinc- 
tnra oinnamomi— e.  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantinm 
—  e.  Cortieis  Peruvieni  antiseptica  Huxhami, 
Tinctnra  cinch  on®  composita  —  e.  Cortieis  Peru- 
Tiana  composita,  Tinctnra  cinchona  amara. 

ESSEN'TIAL,  Essentia' lis.  The  word  essential 
has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  or  active  prin- 
ciples of  vegetables,  which  were  believed  to  be 
endowed  with  the  properties  of  the  plants  from 
which  they  were  extracted.  Essential  oil  was  so 
called  because  it  was  regarded  as  the  only  imme- 
diate principle  which  was  essential.  This  expres- 
sion is  retained.  Essential  aalts  are  true  salts  or 
extracts  which  exist,  ready  formed,  in  vegetables ; 
and  which  are  obtained  by  distillation,  incinera- 
tion, or  some  other  process. 

An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  a  ge- 
neral disease  j  that  is,  one  not  depending  on  any 
local  affection ; — not  symptomatic.    See  Entity. 

ES'SERA,  Es'seri,  Sora,  Saire,  Sare,  Morbus 
porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtiea'ria  porceUa'na, 
(P.)  Ampoules,  Porcelains,  A  species  of  cutane- 
ous eruption,  consisting  of  small,  reddish  tuber- 
cles over  the  whole  body,  accompanied  by  a 
troublesome  itching.  It  seems  to  be  a  variety  of 
lichen  or  urticaria.    See  Lichen  tropicus. 

ESSIEU,  Axis. 

ESSOUFFLEMENT,  Anhelatio. 

ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 

ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTHIOM1&NE,  Esthiomenus. 

ESTHIOM'ENTJS,  Estiom'enus,  from  trim,  'I 
eat.'  Exfedene.  (F.)  Esthiomine.  That  which 
devours  or  eats  away.  Certain  ulcers  and  erup- 
tions— Dartres  rongeantes — are  so  called. 

ES'TIVAL,  JEsii'vus ;  happening  in  summer, 
belonging  to  summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
summer  diseases,  so  called  because  they  reign  at 
that  season,  and  appear  to  depend  on  the  influ- 
ence exerted  by  it  on  the  animal  economy.  In 
the  United  States,  the  term  summer  disease  or 
complaint  means  disorder  of  the  bowels,  as  diar- 
rhoea, cholera  morbus,  Ac. 

ESTOMAG,  Stomach. 

ESULA  CYPARISSIAS,  Euphorbia  cyparis- 
sias  —  e.  Major,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Minor, 
Euphorbia  cyparissias. 

ESURIE8,  Hunger. 

ESURIGO,  Hunger. 

ESURITIO,  Hunger. 

ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 

JSTAGE,  Stage. 

iTAIN,  Tin  —  L  de  Glace,  Bismuth— I.  Oris, 
Bismuth. 

£TAT  QRANULEUX  DXJ  REIN,  Kidney, 
Blight's  Disease  of  the. 

ETERNUEMENT,  Sneezing. 

ETESTICULATIO,  Castration. 

ETHER,  uEther,  jEther  sulphuricus— e.  Acetic, 
gee  JSther. 

Ether,  Chloric,  Chloroform.  Under  the 
concentrated   chloric    ether   and   strong 


chloric  ether,  a  compound  of  pure  chloroform  and 
nearly  absolute  alcohol — in  the  proportion  of 
one-third  of  the  former  to  two-thirds  of  the  latter 
— has  been  used  as  an  anaesthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  sulphuric  ether  and  chloroform. 
It  is  properly  an  alcoholic  solution  or  tincture  of 
chloroform* 

Ethsr,  Chlorohtdric,  Chlorinated,  see 
JSther  muriaticu8 — e.  Chlorohydrique  chlori,  see 
iEther  muriaticus. 

Ether,  Compound.  A  preparation  consisting 
of  a  solution  of  chloroform  in  sulphuric  etA«r,which 
has  been  used  as  an  anaesthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  chloroform. 

Ether,  Hydrochloric,  see  JSther — e.  Hydro- 
cyanic, Mthor  hydrocyanicus^—e.  Muriatic,  JSther 
muriaticus — e.  Nitric,  see  iEther — e.  Nitrous,  see 
iEther— e.  Phosphoric,  see  JSther — e.  Rectified, 
.iEther  sulphuricus — e.  Sulphuric,  iEther  sul- 
phuricus—  e.  Terebinthinated,  iEther  terebin- 
thinatus. 

ETHEREAL,  JEthereaL 

ETH&R&E,  JEthereai. 

ETHEREOUS,  Ethereal. 

ETHERINE,  HYDROCYANATE  OF,  Ather 
hydrooyanicus — e.  Muriate  of,  iBther  muriaticus. 

BTHERIZA'TION,  jEthcrisa'tio.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of 
ether. 

E'THERIZED,  jEtherisa'tus.  Presenting  the 
phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether. 

ETHICS,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  medical. 

ETHIOPIAN,  see  Homo. 

ETHIOPS,  see  ^thiops. 

ETHISIS,  Filtration. 

ETHISMUS,  Filtration. 

ETH'MOID,  Ethmo'des,  Ethmot'des,  EthmoV- 
deus,  from  vOpos,  'a  sieve/  and  tiles,  'form.' 
Shaped  like  a  sieve. 

Ethmoid  Bone,  Os  ethmcHdeum,  Os  multiforme", 
Os  spongiosum,  .Os  spongoVdes,  Os  cribro'sum,  Os 
eribrifor'mf,  Os  cu'bicum,  Os  crista' turn,  Osfora- 
minulen'tum,  Os  colifor'mi,  Os  colato'rium,  (F.) 
Os  cribleux.  One  of  the  eight  bones  which  com- 
pose the  cranium;  so  called,  because  its  upper 
plate  is  pierced  by  a  considerable  number  of 
holes.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  middle  part  of  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude 
of  thin,  fragile,  semi-transparent  laminsa,  which 
form  more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Eth- 
moidal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.  These  communicate  with  the 
nose,  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pituitary  membrane.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded  by 
the  Ethmoid  suture.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal  and  sphenoidal  bones,  the  cornua  spheno- 
Idalia,  the  superior  maxillary  bones,  the  palate 
bones,  the  ossa  turbinata  inferiora,  the  vomer, 
the  proper  bones  of  the  nose,  and  the  lachrymal 
bones. 

ETHMOID'AL,  Ethmoidals.  Belonging  to 
the  ethmoid  bone ;  as,  Ethmoidal  cells,  E.  suture, 
Ac.  The  Ethmoidal  apoph'ysis  or  process  is  the 
advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which  articu- 
lates with  the  ethmoid.  The  ethmoidal  arteries 
are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which  arises 
from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  origin  of  the 
other  varies.  The  fichancrurt  ethmdidale  of  the  os 
frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bones.  The  Ethmoi- 
dal veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 

ETHMOSYNB,  Habit. 

ETHMYPHE,  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMYPHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tie  tela  ceUulo'sm, 
from  nd»os,  ' a  sieve,'  \^n,  *  texture,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane* 


ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS 


844 


EUPATORIUM 


ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

ETHOS,  Habit 

ETHULE,  CYANURET  OP,  Mther. 

£TH(7SE,  .ffithusa  eynapium— 4.  Ileum,  JSthu- 
0a  meum. 

ETHYLE,  CHLORIDE  OF,  -fflther  muri- 
aticus. 

ETIOLA'TION,  Blanching,  (F.)  Etiolement. 
That  state  of  plants  which  occurs  in  consequence 
of  privation  of  light,  when  they  become  pale  and 
watery.  In  pathology,  it  is  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  persons 
who  have  been  kept  long  without  light;  or  a 
similar  paleness,  the  result  of  chronic  disease. 

&TIOLEMENT,  Etiolation. 

ETIOLOGY,  .fitiologia. 

ETIQUETTE,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  me- 
dical. 

£TISE,  Hectisis— 4.  MUentirique,  Tabes  me- 
senterica. 

^TOILE,  Stella. 

ETONNEE,  Stunned. 

J2TOUFFEMENT,  Suffocation. 

^TOURDISSEMENT,  Vertigo. 

1&TRANQLEMENT,  Strangulation,  Hysteria 
— ■£.  dee  Intestine,  Enteremphraxis. 

£ TRIER,  Stapes. 

ETRON,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

ETRON'CUS,  from  nrpov,  'the  lower  belly/ 
and  ayicos,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of  the  lower 
belly. 

ETUVE,  Stove— «*.  Humide,  Bath,  vapour. 

iTUVER,  to  Foment. 

EU,  «, '  good,  proper/  when  prefixed  to  words. 
Hence : 

E CLE' MIA,  from  to,  'well/  and  'atua,  'blood.' 
A  good  condition  of  the  blood. 

EU-ffiSTHE'SIA,  from  tv,  'well/  and  ataOtiets, 
'  perception/  Vigorous  perception.  A  good  con- 
dition of  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EU^ESTHE'TOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  in  full  vigour. 

EUANALEP'SIS,  from  tv,  'good,'  and  ava- 
Xqi/rif,  'recovery.'    Rapid  restoration  to  strength. 

EUANTHEMON,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

EUCALYPTUS  RESINIFERA,  see  Kino. 

EUCHR<E'A,  from  sv,  'good/  and  xp°tat  '°°- 
loar.'  A  good  or  healthy  colour  of  the  skin.  A 
good  appearance  of  the  surface. 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  ev,  'well/  and  x°P°f> 
'juice/    A  good  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCRA'SIA,  from  a,  'well/  and  xpavts,  'tem- 
perament/   A  good  temperament 

EUDIAPNEUS'TIA,  from  cviiarveverof,  'one 
who  breathes  well/    Easy  transpiration. 

EUECTICA  (medicina)  Gymnastics. 

EUEL'CES,  from  n,  'well/  and  'c>«©*,  'an 
ulcer/  One  in  whom  wounds  and  ulcers  are 
readily  healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euhm'etoe,  from  cv,  'well/  and 
tfuo>,  'I  vomit'  That  which  readily  excites 
vomiting.     One  who  vomits  with  facility. 

EUETHES,  Benign. 

EUEX'IA,  from  cv,  'well/  and  'cfo  'constitu- 
tion/   A  good  constitution. 

EUFRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

BUGE'NIA  CARYOPHYLLA'TA,  called  after 
Prince  Eugene.  Garrophyl'lue,  Caryophyl'lue  aro~ 
mat'icus,  Myrtus  caryophyl'lut.  The  Indian  tree 
which  affords  the  clove.  Order,  Myrtaceos.  The 
Clove,  Caryophyl'lue,  C.  aromai'icue,  is  the  unex- 
pended bud,  (F.)  Giro/U,  Otrofle,  Girophle.    Its 


odour  Is  strong,  aromatic,  and  peculiar;  taste, 
pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all  substances,  whose 
virtue  depends  upon  essential  oil,  it  is  stimulant 
and  carminative.  It  is  generally  used  as  a  cor- 
rigent  to  other  remedies,  and  in  cases  where  sub- 
stances containing  the  essential  oils  are  demanded. 
The  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  Girofle—  Oleum  earyophyV- 
li,  OH  of  Clove* — has  the  properties  of  the  cloves. 

EUGION,  Hymen. 

EULOPHIA,  see  Salep. 

EUNUCH,  Eunu'chue,  from  cvvrj,  'the  bed,' 
and  €%*,  *  I  keep/  Hemian'drus,  Hemianor,  He- 
miant hro'pue,  Semimae,  Semimae' eulue,  Semivir, 
Thla'dias,  Thla'eiae,  Thlib'icu,  Caetra'tue,  GaUue, 
Excaetra'tue,  Evira'tue,  Emaacula'tue,  Spado,  Ex- 
eec'tve,  Exteeticula'tue,  Extom'ius,  Sem'ivir,  Semi- 
maecula'tua.  One  whose  organs  of  generation 
have  been  removed,  or  so  altered,  that  he  is  ren- 
dered incapable  of  reproducing  his  species,  or  of 
exercising  the  act  of  venery.  Eunuchs  were 
common  with  the  ancient  Romans.  In  Italy, 
this  horrible  mutilation  still  takes  place  to  im- 
prove the  voice ;  and  in  the  East,  eunuchs  have 
the  surveillance  of  the  seraglio. 

EUNUCHISMUS,  Castration. 

EUNUCHIUM  MECONIS,  Lettuce. 

EUNUCHUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EUODES,  Beneolentia. 

EUONYMUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

Euon'ymtjs  Axbrica'hus,  Strawberry  btuk, 
Strawberry  tree,  Burning  bush,  Indian  arrov- 
wood.  A  shrub  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Celastracese, 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  monogynia,  which,  like 
the  next,  is  found  throughout  the  United  States 
and  Canada ;  flowering  from  May  to  June. 

Euon'ymuS  Atbopurpu'reus,  Burning  bush. 
Spindle  tree,  Indian  Arrow  wood,  flowers  from 
June  to  July. 

From  these  varieties  of  Euonymus  the  Wakoo 
or  Whahoo  bark  is  said  to  be  obtained.  It  is  diu- 
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  has  been  used  in  dropsy  in  infusion, 
in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water. 

EUPATHI'A,  Euphoria,  from  ev,  'well/  mud 
vaSot,  '  suffering/  A  disposition  for  being  affected 
by  pain  easily.    Also,  a  good  state  of  health. 

EUPATOIRE  &AVICENNE,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — e.  PercefeuiUe,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EUPATORIUM,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Eupato'rium  AgeratoIl'des,  White  Snakeroot; 
indigenous ;  flowering  in  August  and  September; 
has  the  same  properties  as  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

Eupato'rittx  CAKtfAB'nnnf,  called  after  Mi- 
thridates  Eupator,  Eupato'rium,  E.  Arab'icvm 
seu  Japon'icum  sen  tri folia' turn,  Cannab'ina 
aquat'ica,  Hemp  agrimony,  Eupatorium  of  Avi- 
cenna,  Herb  of  Saint  Ounegonde,  Trifo'lium  cer- 
vi'num,  Origanum  aquai'ieum,  (F.)  Eupatoire 
d'Avicenne.  Family,  Synantherese  j  Sex.  Sy*t* 
Syngenesia  ssqualis.  The  juice  of  this  plant 
proves  violently  emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken 
in  sufficient  quantity.  It  has  been  considered 
diuretic,  cathartic  and  emetic. 

Eupatorium  Connjltuk,  E.  perfoliatum — e. 
Guaoo,  Guaco — e.  Japonicum,  E.  Cannabinum — 
e.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatorium  Perfolia'tuv,  E.  Gonna'tmn, 
Eupatorium — (Ph.  U.  S.)  (F.)  Eupatoire  perce- 
feuille;  Boneeet,  Thor'oughwort,  Thor'ougheiem, 
Tkor'ougwax,  Vegetable  antimony,  Croeewort, 
Agueweed,  Feverwort,  Indian  sage,  Joe-pye,  Teasel, 
Sweating  plant,  is  a  plant  which  grows  in  low, 
wet  meadows  throughout  the  United  States.  It 
is  considered  to  be  stimulating,  tonic,  emetic,  pur- 


BUPEPSIA 


345 


EUSTACHIAN 


gatire,  diuretic,  and  sudorific.    Dora,  gr.  xr.  of 
the  powder,  as  a  gentle  purgative. 

Eupatoriuy,  Purple-stalked,  E.  purpureum. 

Eupatoriux  Purpu'reum,  Mohawk  tassel, 
Purple-stalked  Eupato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  is 
used  in  similar  cases,  as  well  as 

Eupatoriux  Sbssilifo'ltum,  Upland  Boneset, 
and 

I&upatoriuh  Tbucrifo'liux,  Wild  horehound, 
Germander-leaved  horehound. 

Eupatoriux  Trifoliatux,  E.  Cannabinum. 

EUPEP'SIA,  from  tv,  'well/  and  ir«*rw,  *  I  di- 
gest.' A  good  digestion.  The  antithesis  to  dys- 
pepsia. 

EUPEP'TIC,  EupepHue,  Eupep'ticue.  Same 
etymon.  Relating  to  a  good  digestion.  One  en- 
dowed with  a  good  digestion. 

EUPHLO'GIA,  from  tv,  'well/  and  f\tyu,  'I 
burn.'    Mild  inflammation.    Variola. 

EU'PHONY,  Eupho'nia,  from  tv,  'well/  and 
f  M?i7, '  voice.'    An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPHORBE  CYPRjtS,  E.  cyparissias  —  e. 
dee  Marais,  E.  palustris — e.  Vomitive,  E.  ipecac- 
uanha. 

EUPHOR'BIA  CAPITA'TA,  Can  dca.  Ord. 
EaphorbiaoesB.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
strongly  astringent  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  the 
bites  of  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Colubri'na 
Lueitan'ica, 

Euphorbia  Corolla'ta,  Large  flowering 
epurge,  Milkweed,  Snakes?  milk,  Ipecacuan'ha, 
Hippo,  Picae,  Ipfecac,  Milk  pur&lain,  Purge  root, 
Emetic  root,  Bowman'e  root,  Apple  roott  Indian 
Phytic,  has  similar  properties  to  the  last.  The 
dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Cvparis'sias,  Es'ula  minor  sen 
Oyparieeiaet  Euphor'bia  Gypreeei'na,  Tithym'- 
alue  Cyparis'sia.  The  Cypreee  epurge,  (F.)  Eu~- 
phorbe  cypres.  This,  like  most  of  the  spurges, 
is  very  acrimonious.  Amongst  the  rustics,  it 
was  formerly  called  poor  man's  rhubarb,  and  was, 
consequently,  a  laxative.    It  is  not  used. 

Euphorbia  Cypressixa,  E.  Cyparissais. 

Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia.  A  native  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  astringent  and  tonic.  Used 
in  infusion — f  2ss  to  Oj  of  boiling  water.  Dose, 
a  tablespoonfuf. 

Euphorbia  Ipecacuan'ha,  Anieophyllum  Ipe- 
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha  epurge,  (F.)  Euphorbe 
vomitive.  This  species  of  spurge  is  common  in 
the  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the  United 
States.  The  root  is  a  powerful  emetic,  in  the 
dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen  grains :  twenty  grains 
act  as  a  cathartic  likewise.  In  large  doses,  it  acts 
as  a  narcotico-acrid. 

Euphorbia  Lath'yrjs.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Ueeer  catapu'tia 
eeede,  Catapu'tia  minor,  Caper  epurge,  Lath'yris, 
Oar' den  epurge,  Caper  plant,  Mole-plant,  Ti- 
thym'alue  lot  if o' Hue  sou  la'thyrie,  Qalarhce'ue 
Lath'yrie.  The  seeds  possess  cathartic  properties, 
and  an  expressed  oil  of  the  seeds —  &leum  Eu- 
phorbia Lathy  ^idis —  has  been  given  as  a  ca- 
thartic in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve  drops. 

Euphorbia  Officina'rux.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  whioh  affords  the  Euphorbium, 
Euphorbia  gummi-reei'na,  (htmmi  euphorbia,  in 
greatest  abundance.  The  euphorbium  is  an  in- 
odorous gum-resin,  in  yellow  tears,  wjiich  have 
the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  some  plasters,  and  has 
been  used  as  an  errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E.  panicula'ta, 
Greater  epurge,  Es'ula  major,  Tithym'alue  pahis'- 
trie,  GaiarhaVue  palue'tris,  Marsh  epurge,  (F.) 
Euphorbe  dee  maraie.    The  juice  is  given,  in 


Russia,  as  a  common  purge.    It  is  used,  too,  as 
an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  Ac 

Euphorbia  Palustris  and  E.  Yillosa,  or  E. 
Pilo'ba  have  been  brougnt  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia  —  the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 

Euphorbia  Paniculata,  E.  palustris. 

Euphorbia  Paral'ias,  Tithym'alue  paraliae, 
Sea  epurge.  This  is  violently  oathartio  and  irri- 
tating, and  is  seldom  used. 

Euphorbia  Pilosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris — 
e.  Villosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris. 

£33r  All  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rubefa- 
cient, when  applied  externally. 

EUPHORBIUM,  Euphorbia  offioinarum. 

EUPHORIA,  Eupathia. 

EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUPHRASIA,  E.  Officina'lieaevL  Min'ima  sen 
Imbrica'ta,  Ocula'ria,  Euphra'gia,  Ophthal'mica, 
Eyebright,  (F.)  Eu/raiee,  Gaete-Lunctte.  It  has 
been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  but  is 
unworthy  of  notice. 

EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplae'ticue :  from  ev,  'well/ 
and  *\aeaw,  'I  form.'  Having  the  capacity  of 
becoming  organizable  in  a  high  degree,  —  as  in 
false  membranes  resulting  from  acute  inflamma- 
tion in  a  healthy  person. 

EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

EUPNCE'A,  from  tv,  'well/  and  tvw,  'I  re. 
spire.'    Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 

EURHYTH'MIA,  from  cv,  'well/  and  pvSpof, 
'  rhythm.'    Regularity  of  the  pulse. 

EURIBALI,  Juribali. 

EURODES,  Carious. 

EURODON'TICUS,  from  tveot,  'caries/  and 
obovs,  '  a  tooth.'    Suffering  from  carious  teeth. 

EURUS,  evpvs,  'mould,  putrefaction/  Mucor, 
Caries.    Corruption  of  the  humours. 

EURYCHORIA,  Sinus. 

EURYCLES,  Engastrimyth. 

EURYCLITUS,  Engastrimyth. 

EURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

EURYTH'MIA,  Euryth'mue,  from  tv,  'well/ 
and  evBftot,  '  rhythm.'  Regularity  of  pulse,  both 
as  regards  quantity  and  quality. 

EUSAR'CUS,  from  tv,  well/  and  eatf,  'flesh.' 
One  who  is  fleshy,  robust,  muscular. 

EUSEMI'A,  from  cv,  'well/  and  onpttov,  'a 
sign.'    A  collection  of  good  signs. 

EUSPLANCH'NIA,  from  tv,  'well/  and 
tnr\ayxv«v,  'a  viscus.'  A  healthy  state  of  the 
viscera. 

EUSTACHIAN  TUBE,  Tuba  Euetaehiafna, 
Syrin'ga,  Syrinx,  Mea'tue  cacue,  Tuba  ArietoteV- 
ica,  Ductus  aurie  palati'nue,  Iter  a  Pala'to  ad 
Aurem,  (F.)  Trompe  ou  Conduit  d'Euetache,  Con- 
duit guttural  de  Voreille — Ch.  This  tube  was  so 
called  from  its  disooverer,  Eustaohius.  It  is 
partly  bony  and  partly  cartilaginous :  extending 
from  the  oavity  of  the  tympanum  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  pharynx.  Its  length  is  about  two 
inches ;  the  bony  portion  whioh  belongs  to  the 
temporal  bone,  is  about  three-fourths  of  an  inch 
long.  It  is  lined,  internally,  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  pharynx.  Its 
nerves  are  furnished  by  the  palatin  branches  of 
the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  its  vessels  proceed 
from  those  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  pendulum. 
The  use  of  the  tube  seems  to  be,  to  permit  the 
renewal  of  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 

Eustachian  Valve,  Valve  of  Eueta'ehiue, 
Valvule  d'Euetachi  ou  d'Euetache.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  the 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart 


EUSTHENIA 


346 


EXAMBL06I8 


EUSTHENI'A,  Vigor,  Exmberan'ti*,  from  a, 
4 well,'  and  eGtvos,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exu- 
berant health. — Hippocrates. 

EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  w,  'well,'  and  srv- 
paxos,  'stomach.'  Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a 
good  stomach. 

EUTAX'IA,  from  <v,  'well,'  and  rem,  'I  ar- 
range.' Eutht'sia.  A  well-ordered  constitution, 
in  which  every  part  has  its  proper  relation.  The 
read  j  return  of  a  rupture,  or  of  a  luxated  bone. 

EUTHANA'SIA,  from  *»,  'well/  and  6av*r*s, 
'  death.'    An  easy  death. 
EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia. 
EUTHYENTERON,  Rectum. 
EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA,  Stricture  of  the 
Rectum. 

EUTHYM'IA,  An'imi  tranquil' lit  a»,  from  eo, 
'  well/  and  $»/*©*,  '  mind.'    Tranquillity  of  mind. 
A  good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 
EUTHYPNOE,  Orthopnoea. 
EUTHYPNCEA,  Orthopnoea. 
EUTOC'IA,  from  ev,  'well/  and  rare*  'delivery.' 
An  easy  labour.    Fecundity. 

EUTROPH'IA,  from  cv,  'well/  and  rpo^fj, 
'  nourishment.'    A  good  state  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPH'IC,  Eutroph'icus,  same  etymon.  A 
term  introduced  into  medical  terminology,  by  the 
author,  for  an  agent  whose  action  is  exerted  on 
the  system  of  nutrition,  without  necessarily  oc- 
casioning manifest  increase  of  any  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

The  chief  eutrophics  are, — mercurial*,  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine,  bromine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
preparations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphur,  sugar, 
ana sartaparilla. 
EUZOODYNAMIA,  Sanitas. 
EVAC'UANTS,  Evaeuan'tia,  from  e,  and  va- 
euare,  'to  empty.'     (F.)  tivacuatif*.     Medicines 
.  are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by  some 
emunctory  ;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics,  Ac 
£ VACUA TIFS,  Evaouante. 
EVACUATIO,  Evacuation,  Excretion. 
EVACUA'TION.     Same  etymon.     The  dis- 
charge of  any  matter  whatever  by  the  natural 
passages  or  by  an  artificial  opening. 
JtVANOUISSEMENT,  Syncope. 
EVAN  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 
EVAPORATION,    Evapora'tio,    Vapora'tio, 
Exhala'tio,  from  *,  and  vaporare,  *  to  emit  a  va- 
pour.'   Transformation  of  a  liquid  into  vapour, 
In  order  to  obtain  the  fixed  matters  contained  in 
it  dry  and  separate  from  the  liquid.    When  the 
vapour  is  received  in  a  proper  vessel  and  con- 
densed, the  process  is  called  distillation.  Evapo- 
ration produces  cold,  and  this  is  one  of  the  pro- 
cesses by  whioh  the  body  is  cooled,  through  the 
evaporation  of  the  perspiratory  fluid. 

EVAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Evaux 
Is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  hydrosulphurous  and  thermal. 

EVENTRATION,  Eventra'tio,  Hypoaastro- 
fix'is,  from  e,  '  out  of/  and  venter,  '  the  belly.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a  great 
part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  ventral 
hernia,  or  that  whioh  occurs  in  any  other  way 
than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the  abdo- 
minal parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  extensive  wound 
of  the  abdominal  parietes,  with  issue  of  the  greater 
part  of  the  intestines. 

EVEN'TUS,  frome,  'out  of/  and  veat'rt,  'to 
oome.'  Apobai'non,  Apobesom*enon,  Ecbeeom'- 
4*0*1,  Termina'tio  morbi.  The  event  or  iteue  of  a 
disease,  either  favourable  or  unfavourable. 

EVERLASTING,  DKECIOUS,  Antennaria 
dioica. 


EVERRIC'ULUM,    SpeeiVlum.     A  sort  af 
sound  or  scoop,  used  for  extracting  sand  or  frag- 
ments of  stone  or  clot*  of  blood  from  the  bladder, 
after  or  during  the  operation  of  lithotomy. 
EVERSIO  PALPEBR^,  Ectropion. 
iVJGILATION,  see  Sleep. 
EVIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King's,  Scrofula. 
EVIRATIO,  Castration. 
EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 
EVISCERATION,  Exenteriemus. 
EVOLUTIO,  Development— e.  Spontanea/ 
Evolution,  spontaneous. 

EVOLU'TION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Ver'sioBSja 
Evolu'tio  sponta'nea,  from  e,  and  volvere,  '  to  roll.' 
Spontaneous  ver'sion,  Sponta'nsoue  expul'sion, 
Duplication  of  the  foetus.  A  term,  applied,  by 
Dr.  Denman,  to  what  he  considered  to  be  a  spon- 
taneous turning  of  the  foetus  in  ntero,  in  an  arm 
presentation,  in  consequence  of  powerful  uterine 
contractions  forcing  out  the  breech  and  feet,  whilst 
the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually  considered 
to  be  a  doubling  of  the  foetus,  so  that  the  arm 
changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the  breech 
is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  extremity; 
— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech  presen- 
tation. 

Evolution,  Vesicle  or,  Vesicle  of  develop- 
ment. 
EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 
EVONYMUS,  Euonymus. 
EVUL'SION,  Avulsion,  EvuVsio,  from  eveOere, 
(c.  and  vellere,)  '  to  pluck  out'    Apotil'mos,  Et- 
til'moa,  Tilmos.     The  action  of  plucking  out; 
forcible  extraction.     ( F. )   Arraehement.     This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  than  by  the 
English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting  certain 
parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injurious, — as  the 
teeth,  Ac. 
EX  MARIBUS,  Castratus. 
EXACERBATIO,  Exacerbation,  Paroxysm. 
EXACERBA'TION,  Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'- 
tio,  Excreecen'tia,  from  exacerbare,  (ex,  and  aeer- 
bus,)  'to  provoke.'    (F.)  Ridoublement.    An  in- 
crease in  the  symptoms  of  a  disorder.  Often  need 
synonymously  with  paroxysm. 
EXACUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 
EX^MATOSIS,  Hmmatosi*. 
EX^EMIA,  Anaemia. 
EXiEMOS,  Exanguious. 
EXiE'RESIS,  from  t(,  'out  of/  andcipcw,  'I 
take  away.'   A  surgical  operation,  which  consists 
in  drawing,  extracting,  or  removing,  from  the 
human  body,  every  thing  that  is  useless,  noxious, 
or  extraneous.    It  is  a  generic  term,  which  in- 
cludes extraction,  evulsion,  evacuation,  excision, 
ablation,  amputation,  Ac, 
Exjbresis,  Extraction. 

EXAGION.  The  sixth  part  of  an  cunce  :— 
four  acruples.— Actuarins. 

EXAGGERATED,  Exaggerate,  (Y.)^xagfrt 
Heightened.  Increased  by  expression.  An  epi- 
thet for  sounds  heard  on  auscultation  and  per- 
cussion; when  much  increased  —  Hyperechc'sis, 
Hypereche'ma. 

EXAL'MA,  from  cf,  out  of/  and  aXXouat,  'I 
leap.'    ExaUie.    Hippocrates  calls  thus  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vertebrae. 
EXALSIS,  Exalma,  Leap. 
EXALTA'TION  OF  THE  VITAL  FORCES, 
Exalta'tio  vi'rium*     This  expression  has  been 
used,  by  modern  pathologists,  to  designate  a 
morbid  increase  in  the  action  of  organs,  and 
partly  that  which  occurs  in  an  inflamed  organ. 
Some  use  exaltation  of  the  vital  foreee,  and  tn* 
flammation,  synonymously. 
EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion. 
EXAMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 


EXAMEN 


Mi 


EXCITATION 


IX' AMEN  RIGORCSUM,  'Rigorous  exa- 
mination.' An  examination  of  a  Candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medioine  in  the  Prussian 
Universities,  which,  like  the  Tentameu  medieum, 
Is  conducted  in  Latin,  and  takes  place  before  the 
medical  faculty  on  all  branches  of  medicine. 

EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 

EXANASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 

EXANGFA,  from  tleyyi^,  («{,  and  ayyos,  'a 
vessel/)  '  I  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'  Exangei'a. 
An  enlargement  or  rapture  of  a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Ihfthetica,  olass  Hamatica  of  Good.  It  com- 
prises aneuriem  and  varix. 

Exangia  Aweuriska,  Aneurism. 

EXAN'GUIOUS,  Ex*'mo$,  Exean'guie,  from 
ex,  out  of/  and  eangnie,  *  blood.'  One  who  seems 
bloodless ;  as  a  female,  who  has  suffered  largely 
from  uterine  hemorrhage. 

EXANIA,  Proctocele. 

EXANIMA'TION,  Exanima'tfo,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  anima,  'the  spirit'  This  word  has  two 
acceptations.  Sometimes,  it  means  real  death, 
corresponding  with  the  Greek  Savaros,  mora.  At 
others,  it  signifies  apparent  death,  corresponding 
with  the  Greek  a^ugia,  wtfw^ta,  i*X«w,  Anx'mx 
deli'quium. 

EXAN'THEM,  Exanthe'mo,  Anthe'ma  ervp'tio, 
Epanthe'ma,  Effloreeeen'tia,  Exanthie'ma,  Ecthy- 
ma, Epanaete'ma,  Epanthe'ma,  Epanthu'ma,  Ef- 
flora'tio,  from  t^avScta,  (cf,  and avBct*,)  'I  flourish.' 
A  rash.  (F.)  itlevure.  Under  this  term,  is  com- 
prehended, by  some,  every  kind  of  eruption,  of 
which  the  skin  is  the  seat  Others  comprehend 
by  it  thoso  eruptions  that  are  accompanied  by 
fever,  Febret  exanthema? tea :  including,  under 
the  head  of  the  major  exanthemata,  those  which 
attack  a  person  but  once  in  his  life,  and  which 
are  communicated  by  specific  contagion ;  and, 
under  the  minor  exanthemata,  those  which  are 
not  marked  by  these  characteristics.  Small-pox, 
measles,  cow-pox,  Ac,  belong  to  the  major: — 
chicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen,  Ac,  to  the  minor. 
The  general  acceptation  of  Exanthem  is,  how- 
ever, a  more  or  less  vivid,  circumscribed,  or  dif- 
fuse redness  of  the  skin,  which  diminishes  or 
disappears  transiently  under  the  pressure  of  the 
finger. 

iSxANTHEV,  Carbuncttlar,  Anthracia— e.  Icho- 
rous, Emphlysis  —  e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis  —  e. 
Bash,  En  an  thesis. 

EXANTHEMA,  Eminence— e.  Internum,  Bis- 
anthema. 

Ex  anthe'ma  IbVictrir.  An  eruption  of  dark- 
red  definite  spots,  of  various  sizes,  spreading  over 
the  whole  body,  without  the  formation  of  scales, 
and  disappearing  only  after  a  long  time,  which 
seems  to  be  produced  occasionally  by  the  use  of 
iodine. 

Exanthema  Miliaria,  Miliary  fever— -o.  Pes- 
tis,  Plague, — e.  Antivariolosum,  Vaccina — e.  Se- 
rosum,  Pemphigus — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus — 
e.  Urticatum,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina,  Vaccina — e. 
Varicella,  Varicella. 

EXANTHEMAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Frup'. 
five  f evert.  Cutaneous  eruptions,  essentially  ac- 
companied with  fever;  —  the  third  order  in  the 
olass  Hamatica  of  Good. 

EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS,  Exanthemata - 
chetti*,  from  tZavdrjpa,  'exanthem,'  and  toxttv,  'to 
withhold.'    Suppression  of  a  cutaneous  eruption. 

EXANTHEMATOL'OGY,J?xan*A«mat0V'«'> 
from  c£«Wfo/ia,  'exanthem/  and  >oyot,  'a  dis- 
course/   The  doctrine  of  cutaneous  eruptions. 

EXANTHEMATOPHTHAL'MIA^OpartaJm'- 
ia  exanthemat'ica,  from  cfavfa/ia,  '  exanthem/ 
and  o+SaXfua,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.' ,  Oph- 


thalmia in  the  course  of,  or  succeeding  to,  a  cu- 
taneous eruption. 

EXANTHJ&ME  INTESTINALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS,  see  Efflorescence— e.  Arthro- 
sis^ Dengue,  —  e.  Roseola,  Roseola— e.  Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropist 

EXAPSIS,  Inflammation. 

EXARAG'MA,  from  t^apeew,  'I  tear  away/ 
'I  break.'    Collision,  violent  fracture  or  friction. 

EXARCHIA'TER.  Chief  of  the  archiatri  or 
chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like  that  of  Come*  Ar- 
chiatro'rum,  given  to  the  chief  physician  of  an 
emperor  or  king.  Archiater  appears  to  have 
meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 

EXARMA,  Swelling. 

EXAR'SIO.    A  burning  heat 

EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 

EXARTERI'TIS,  Exarterii'tie,  from  «{,  'out 
of/  and  arteria,  'an  artery.'  Inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

EXARTHROMA,  Luxation. 

EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain— «.  ParetU 
ca,  see  Paretieus. 

EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation,  joint, 
Luxatio. 

EXARYSIS,  Exhaustion. 

EXASPIRATIO,  Exacerbation. 

EXCJSCARIA  AGALLOCIIA,  Agalloonum. 

EXCALEPACTIO,  JSchauffement. 

EXCARNA'TION,  Exearna'tio,  from  ex,  and 
caro,  '  flesh.'  A  mode  of  making  anatomical  pre- 
parations, which  oonsists  in  separating  injected 
vessels  from  the  parts  in  which  they  are  situate. 
This  is  done  by  means  of  corrosion  by  an  acid  or 
by  putrefaction. 

EXCASTRATIO,  Castration,  Eunuch. 

EXCATUISMA,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 

EXCEREBRATIO,  Eccephalosis. 

EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirious. 

EXCERNENT,  Secreting. 

EXCIDENTIA,  Ecptoroa. 

EXCIP'IENT,  Exeip'iene,  from  exeipere,  [ex, 
and  capere,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intermide.  A 
substance,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescription, 
gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves  as  a 
vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
ingredients. 

EXCIPULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  EntaiUe. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excie'io,  from  excidere,  (ex,  and 
cadere,)  'to  cut  off.'  Ee'tomi.  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, by  which  parts  of  a  small  size  are  removed 
with  a  cutting  instrument 

EXCITABILITY,  ExcitabiVita:  Irritability. 
The  faculty,  possessed  by  living  beings,  of  being 
sensible  to  the  action  of  excitants.  The  dootrine 
of  excitability  forms  an  important  part  of  the 
Brunonian  system. 

EXCITANT,  Stimulant 

EXCITATION,  Excita'tio,  Excitement;  sama 
etymon ;  from  excitare,  (ex,  and  eitare,)  'to  ex-  s 
cite.'  The  act  of  exciting ;  the  state  of  an  organ 
or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  sometimes, 
used  synonymously  with  augmented  arterial 
action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers  acting 
on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown,  consti- 
tutes excitement.  Cullen  used  the  term  to  express 
the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action  of  the 
brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  sleep  or 
some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  opposite  to  that 
of  coUapee.  Not  unfrequently  it  is  employed  in 
the  sense  of  excessive  action,  —  Super -excUaf  fie 
(F.)  Sur-excitatwn, 


EXCITED  DISEASES 


848 


EXFOLIATIVE 


EXCITED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

EXCITO-MOTION,  see  Excito-motory. 

EXCI'TO-MO'TORY.  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division  of  the  nervous 
system — comprising  the  gray  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  with  the  afferent  and  efferent  nerves  con- 
nected with  it ;  —  all  of  which  are  concerned  in 
reflex  actions ;  or  those  by  which  impressions  are 
transmitted  to  a  centre,  and  reflected  so  as  to 
produce  muscular  contraction  without  sensation 
or  volition.    See  Nerves. 

The  term  excito-motion  has  also  been  employed 
to  signify  motion  no  matter  how  excited,  by  the 
reflex  nerves  or  by  volition — G.  J.  B.  Williams. 

EXCORIATIO,  Ecdora. 

EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio,  Excoriatv'ra, 
Am'yche,  from  ex,  and  corium,  'skin.'  (F.)  &cor~ 
ehure.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes  only  the 
skin. 

EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation. 

EXCREA'TION,  Excrea'tio,  Exterea'tio, 
Screa'tu*,  Raeca'tio,  from  ex,  and  ecreare,  'to 
spit'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.)  OrachemenL  See 
Exspuitio. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tvm,  Eetrimen'htm, 
Exert' turn,  Exere'tio,  Perito'ma,  Diachore'ma, 
Aph'odoe,  Aphodeu'ma,  Apocho'reon,  Apoc'rieie, 
Ardae,  Ar'daloe,  from  excernere,  (ex,  and  cernere,) 
'to  separate/  'cleanse.'  Every  thing,  which  is  eva- 
cuated from  the  body  of  an  animal  by  the  natural 
emunctories,  as  superfluous;  such  as  the  faecal 
matters,  the  urine,  perspiration,  nasal  mucus,  Ac. 
Generally,  however,  the  term  is  restricted  to  the 
focal  evacuations  ; — Purgamenta,  Hedra,  Sedee, 
Facet,  Stercus,  Cacci,  Spat'ili,  (especially  when 
liquid,)  Dejee'tio  alvi'na,  (ynera  alvi,  Sordet  ven- 
trie,  Hypochore'ma,  Cce'lia,  Hypochore'eie,  Merda, 
Merdue,  Catarrhex'ie,  Coproe,  Scor. 

Excrement,  Human,  Stercus  humanum. 

EXCREMENTIT"IAL,  ExerementWiotu,  Ex- 
crcmentit" ins,  (F.)  Excrimenteux,  Excrimentiticl. 
That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and  formB 
part  of  it.  Excrementitial  humour*  or  parte  are 
those  destined  to  be  evacuated  as  incapable  of 
administering  to  the  nutrition  of  the  body. 

EXCREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,J£e- 
eremento  -  recrementit"ioue.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partly  absorbed  and  partly  rejected. 

EXCRES'CENCE,  Excreecen'tia,  Ecphy'ma, 
Phymato'tie,  Hyperearco'eU,  Sarcophy'ia,  Caro 
excrescent,  from  excretcere,  (ex,  and  ereecere,) 
'to  grow  outwards.'  (F.)  Excroieeance.  A  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  organs,  and 
especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  membranes,  or 
ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  differ  in  size, 
shape,  cause,  Ac,  and  each  requires  its  own 
treatment.  WarU,  condylomata,  polypi,  hemor- 
rhoid*, belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour  —  e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma  —  e.  Fun- 
gosa,  Fungositjr— e.  Gingivae,  Epulis— e.  Vesica 
urinaria  carnosa,  Cysthypersarcosis. 

EXCRETA,  see  Excretion. 

EXGRETIO,  Excretion,  Excrement— e.  Alvi- 
na,  Defecation— e.  Frecum  alvinarum,  Defecation 
— e.  Urinte  involuntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRE'TION,  Exere'tio,  Ec'crieie,  Evacna'- 
tio,  Ejec'tio,  ExpuVeio,  Egee'tio,  Diachore'eie, 
from  excernere,  (ex,  and  cernere,)  'to  separate.' 
The  separation  or  throwing  off  of  those  matters, 
Excre'ta,  EgeJta,  Ion'ta,  Apion'ta,  from  the  body 
of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed  to  be  useless, 
as  the  urine,  perspiration,  and  faeces. 

EX'CRETORY,  Excreto'rim  ;  same  etymon. 
An  Excretory  vend  or  duct  h  one  which  trans- 
mits the  fluid  seoreted  by  a  gland,  either  exter- 
nally or  into  the  reservoirs  into  which  it  has  to 
be  deposited.     The  existence  of  an  excretory 


duet  was  regarded  as  a  distinctive  character  of 
the  glands  properly  so  called. 

Excretory  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  office  of  excreting:  thus,  the  skin  if 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place. 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement 

EXCROISSANCE,  Excrescence. 

EXCU'TIA  VENTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  BrueK 
An  instrument,  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil  of 
bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  this  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  oesophagus,  as 
well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and  tena- 
cious matters  adhering  to  it 

EXECHEBRONCHUS,  Bronchocele. 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Exischioi. 

EXEDENS,  see  Herpes  exedens. 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration. 

EXELCYS'MOS,  from  cf,  'from/  and  tXn*, 
'I  draw.'  Extraction.  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction. 

EXENTERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exenter'ieie,  Exentera'- 
tio,  Exenteration,  Eviecera'tion,  Ifnbow'eUiwg, 
Vieccra'tion,  from  «{,  'out  of/  and  evrtfov,  'an 
intestine.'  The  operation  of  disembowelling  or 
eviscerating. 

EXERA'MA,  from  tfqww,  'I  throw  out'  Any 
thing  cast  out  Vomiting;  or  the  matter  vomited. 
— Hippocrates. 

EX'ERCISE,  Exercita'tio,  Exercit"imn,  A«ce'- 
eie,  Gymna'eion,  from  exercere,  '  to  work.'  Every 
motion  of  the  body  arising  from  the  contraction 
of  muscleB  subjected  to  the  will.  Also,  the  action 
of  any  organ  whatever.  Exercise  may  be  active 
or  paeeive.  The  passive  are  referred  to,  under 
the  head  of  Gestation.  The  chief  active  exer- 
cises are: — walking,  running,  dancing,  hunting, 
fencing,  playing  at  ball,  cricket,  racket,  quoits, 
Bwimming,  declamation,  singing,  Ac.  Exercise 
is  an  important  prophylactic,  particularly  for 
those  disposed  to  be  plethoric  It  improves  the 
digestion;  augments  the  secretions;  and,  when 
used  in  moderation,  gives  strength  to  the  body ; 
but  when  carried  to  excess,  produces  debility  and 
disease. 

EXERRHO'SIS,  from  c{,  'out  of/  and  p»,  'I 
flow.'  The  discharge  which  takes  place  by  in- 
sensible perspiration. 

EXFOETATION,  see  Pregnancy. 

EXFOLIA'TION,  Exfolia'tio,  Detquama'tio, 
Eclep'ieie,  from  ex,  and  folium,  'a  leaf/  By  this 
is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead  portions  of  a 
bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  cartilage,  under  the 
form  of  lamella  or  small  scales.  Exfoliation  is 
accomplished  by  the  instinctive  action  of  the 
parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the  dead  por- 
tions from  those  subjacent,  which  are  still  alive. 
For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out  fleshy  gra- 
nulations, and  a  more  or  less  abundant  suppura- 
tion occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the  exfoli- 
ated part,  —  now  become  an  extraneous  body. 
The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation  into  #m*i- 
ble  and  ineeneible,  according  as  the  dead  portions 
of  bono  were  detached  in  fragments  of  greater  or 
less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and  in  an  almost 
insensible  manner.  When  the  dead  part  em- 
braces all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of  a  bone, 
it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum. 

EXFOLIATIVE,  Exfoliati'tme,  Veequamato1- 
riu*.  That  which  takes  away  by  leaves  or  scales. 
The  torm  has  been  applied  to  certain  medicines, 
which  were  regarded  as  proper  to  hasten  exfo- 
liation, such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  turpentine,  tincture 
of  myrrh,  Ac 

Exto'liatiye  Trepan,  Eclepieitrep'anum^  An 


EXRALAISON 


U» 


BXOPHTHALMIA 


ancient  raspatory,  or  instrument  for  scraping  ex- 
foliating portions  of  bone. 

EXHALAISON,  Exhalation. 

EXHA'LANT,  Exha'lent,  Exha'lane,  from  ex- 
\aXare,  (ex,  and  halare,  'to breathe/)  'to  exhale/ 
'  throw  oat.' 

Exhalajtt  Vessels,  Vaea  exhalan'tia,  are 
very  minute,  and  rise  from  the  arterial  capillary 
system.  They  are  situate  in  every  tissue  of  the 
body,  and  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous  and  se- 
rous membranes  and  skin ;  on  which  each  pours 
its  particular  fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three 
seta.  1.  The  external,  terminating  on  the  mucous 
and  external  dermoid  system,  where  they  pour 
the  matter  of  perspiration.  2.  The  internal,  com- 
prising those  of  the  areolar  and  medullary  tis- 
sues, and  of  synovial  surfaces;  and,  3.  The  nutri- 
tive exhalants,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where 
they  are  found,  and  preside  over  the  phenomena 
of  composition  and  inorease  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  exhalants  are  the  antagonists  of  the 
absorbents.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much as  they  cannot  be  detected. 

EXHALATIO,  Evaporation. 

EXHALATION,  Exhala'tio  ;  same  etymon. 
Anathymi'asis,  Apopneu'sis,  (F.)  Exhalaison.  A 
function,  by  virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  ob- 
tained from  the  blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of 
dew,  in  the  areolae  of  the  different  textures,  or  at 
the  surface  of  membranes ;  either  for  the  sake  of 
being  thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  certain 
purposes.  The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrementitiom 
exhalation;  the  serous  fluid  of  the  pleura,  a 
liquid,  reerementitiotu  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

Exhalation,  Pulmonary,  see  Perspiration. 

EXHAUSTION,  Exar'yeie,  Vires  exhaust'*, 
from  exhaurire,  (ex,  and  haurire,)  '  to  draw  out' 
(F.)  Epuissement.  Loss  of  strength,  occasioned 
by  excessive  evacuations,  great  fatigue  or  priva- 
tion or  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHIL'ARANT,  Exhil'arans,  from  ex,  and 
kilaro,  '  I  make  merry.'  An  agent  that  exhila- 
rates or  enlivens. 

EXHUMA'TION,  Exhuma'tio,  Effosfsio,  from 
ex,  and  humus,  'the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  necessary  are: — 1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another;  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries 
or  sepulchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance,  and 
requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of  which 
the  most  powerful  is  chlorinated  lime.  See  Dis- 
infection. The  putrid  effluvia  from  animal  sub- 
stances are  not,  however,  found  to  excite  endemic 
disease. 

EXIDIA  AURICULA  JUD-2E,  Peziza  auricula. 

EXISGHIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Prominence  of  the  hips. 

EXIS'CHIUS,  Exis'chus,  from  c&  'out  of,' 
and  iextov>  *  t°e  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os 
femoris.  Those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent 
hips,  were  formerly  called  JEaeie'cAiot  snxdExeche- 
glu'ti. 

EXITU'RA.  According  to  some,  any  abscess 
which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus  every 
kind  of  putrid  excrement 

EX'ITUS,  from  exire,  '  to  go  out'  The  outer 
termination  or  exit  of  a  canal.  The  termination 
of  a  disease. 

EXOARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardial. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocardial. 

EXOCARDITIS,  Pericarditis. 


EX'OCHAS,  Ex'ochi,  from  ifo,  'without,'  and 
cg»,  '  I  have.'  A  soft  tumour — as  a  hemorrhoid 
— without  the  anus.    An  outward  pile. 

EXOCHE,  Eminence,  Exoohas. 

EXOCHORION,  see  Chorion, 

EXOCOLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

EXOCULA'TIO,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  oculut, 
'an  eye.'  Want  of  eyes.  Want  of  vision.  Blind- 
ness. 

EXOCYS'TE,  Exocys'tis,  from  «(,  'out  of,'  and 
wans,  '  the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  bladder 
into  the  urethra.  Also  called  Prolap'sns  vesi'ea, 
JEdopto'sis  vesi'cat,  (F.)  Kenversement  de  la  vessie. 

Exocys'tE  Noelia'na.  Protrusion  of  the  in- 
ner membra**  of  the  bladder.  So  called  from 
M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it 

Exocys'te  Solingenia'na.  Protrusion  of  tho 
neck  of  the  bladder.  Called  after  M.  Solingen, 
who  first  accurately  described  it 

EX(EDESIS,  Swelling. 

EXODIC,  Efferent 

EXOGENOUS,  from  <£,  'out  of,'  and  ytrvmu, 
'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to  plants — 
hence  oalled  Ex'ogens — in  which  the  wood  in- 
creases by  annual  additions  to  the  outside. 

In  animal  anatomy,  processes  which  shoot  out 
from  every  part  are  termed  exogenous 

EXOGENS,  see  Exogenous. 

EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOGONYAN'CON,  from  tfo  'outwards/ 
yow,  'the  knee/  and  aymv,  'an  elbow.'  Bowing 
of  the  knees  outwards. 

EXOINE,  Exoene,  from  ex, '  out  of/  and  ido- 
n+vs,  'fit,'  or  rather  from  exonerate,  'to  exone- 
rate.' In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  exemp- 
tion, or  dispensation,  given  to  those  summoned 
to  appear  before  a  court  of  justico,  and  who  are 
unable  to  do  so. 

EXOLCE,  Extraction. 

EXOLUTION,  Syncope. 

EXOMETRA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 

EXOMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalus. 

EXOM'PHALUS,  Exumbilica'tio,  Exom'pha- 
loce'li,  Om'phaloee'U,  Hernia  umbilica'lis,  Om- 
phalex'ochi,  Omphalopropto'rit,  Prolap'sus  umbi- 
li'ei,  (F.)  Hernie  ombilicale,  H.  du  nombHl,  Um- 
bilical hernia,  from  if,  '  out  of/  and  op<pa\<>s,  '  the 
navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This 
affection  happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and 
takes  place  by  the  umbilical  ring.  In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in  males; 
and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  umbilicus.  The  organs,  found  in  this 
kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly, — tho  epiploon, 
the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon,  and  some- 
times the  stomach.  The  tumour  is,  in  general, 
round,  and  presents  all  the  characters  of  hernia. 
It  is,  commonly,  readily  reducible,  and  not  sub- 
ject to  strangulation.  It  must  be  reduced,  and 
retained  by  an  elastic  bandage,  made  in  the  form 
of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with  a  pad  at  its  middle 
part  When  strangulated,  the  stricture  may  be 
divided  upwards  and  towards  the  left  side. 

EXONCO'MA,  Exonco'sis,  from  cf,  and  oykos. 
' a  tumour.'  A  large,  prominent  tumour,  used, 
by  Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebra  after 
luxation. 

EXONCOSIS,  Exoncoma— e.  Linguae,  Gloj- 
sonous. 

EXOVEIROGMUS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEIROSIS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animaL 

EXOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ptosis  seu  Prolap'eu*  seu 
Procidentia  Oc'uli  seu  Bulbi  Oeuli,  Exorbitis'- 
mus,  Ophthalmoce'U,  Ophthalmopto'sis,  OouH 
totius prominentia,  from  e£,  'out  of/  and  o+&a>~ 
fttt  'eye.'    (F.)  Procidence  de  Peril,    Apr#*ra* 


BX0PHTHALMU9 


350 


EXPERIMENT 


lion  of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned  by  an 
abscess  or  tumour  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
orbit  ;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietea  of  tho  orbit, 
Ac  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed  for- 
wards ;  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated,  so 
that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and  defend 
it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies :  it  be- 
comes inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed  or  de- 
stroyed. The  treatment  of  course  depends  upon 
the  cause. 

Exophthal'xia  Ftctgo'sa,  Saroosis  bulb! — e. 
Sarcomatica,  Saroosis  bulbi. 

EXOPHTHALMOS,  same  etymon.  One  whose 
eyes  are  very  prominent  The  opposite  to  Cce- 
lophthalmus. 

EXORBITISMUS,  Exophthalmia. 

EXORMIA,  Papula — e.  Lichen,  Lichen — e. 
Prurigo,  Prurigo — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

EXORTUS  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

EXOSIS,  Luxation. 

EX0-6KELET0N,  see  Skeleton. 

EXOSMA,  from  cf,  'out  of/  and  «>0c»,  'to 
move/    A  luxated  or  dislocated  limb  or  organ. 

EXOSMOSE,  Exotmo'eie,  Transudation,  from 
s£,  'out  of/  and  uopot,  'impulse.'  The  opposite 
to  Endosmose.  The  act  by  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  membrane. 

EXOSMOT'IC,  Exosmoeicus:  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  Exosmose: — as  an  exosmotio  cur- 
rent 

EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTEMMA  CARIBJSA,  Cinchona;  cari- 
bceee  cortex. 

EXOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis—*.  des  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis den  tiu m — e.  Sous-ungiale,  see  SubunguiaL 

EXOSTOSIS,  Hyperosto'si;  Emphy'ma,  Ex- 
ostosis os'eca,  Exoeto'ma,  Eposto'ma,  Eposto'sis, 
Osteo'ma,  Onto' ma,  Osteoph'yta,  Exossa'tio,  Ossie 
Eminen'tia,  (F.)  Exostose,  Osteophyte;  from  t£, 
'out  of/  and  oortov,  'a  bone.'  An  osseous  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones,  or  in 
their  cavities.  Various  kinds  have  been  enume- 
rated. Fvory  Exostosis  ;  E.  eburnie  ;  —  that 
which  has  the  appearance  and  consistence  of 
ivory.      Lam'inar  Exostosis;    E.  Laminie ;  — 

Sat  which  is  formed  of  lamina)  in  superposition 
of  distinct  filaments.  The  Spongy  Exosto'sis 
is  that  whose  structure  is  analogous  to  the  spongy 
tissue  of  bones.  Exostoses  are  sometimes  distin- 
guished into  tho  true,  which  seem  to  be  a  projec- 
tion of  the  osseous  substance,  and  which  have  the 
same  organization  and  hardness  as  that  substance ; 
and  the  false  or  osteo-sarcoma.  Exostosis  may 
depend  on  syphilis,  scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  Ac. 
In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  tho 
primary1  disease. 

Those  exostoses,  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enostosss. 

Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 

Exostosis  Dentium,  (F.)  Exostose  des  Dents. 
Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Steatohatodes,  Osteosteatoma— e. 
Subungual,  see  SubunguiaL 

EXOTERIC,  seo  Esoteric 

EXOT'IC,  Exo'Ucue,  from  efa,  'without'  That 
which  comes  from  abroad.  Plants  or  drugs  which 
are  procured  from  abroad  are  so  called.  It  is 
opposed  to  indigenous. 

EXOTIC  AD  E'NIA,  from  Exotic,  and  aitu,  'I 
dislike.'    Aversion  for  exotic  drugs. 

EXOTICHiBMATOSIS,  Transfusion. 

EXOTICOMA'NIA.  The  opposite  to  exottea- 
denia.    Fondness  for  exotio  remedies. 

EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  #•««*,  'fo- 
tagn/  and  csufvsts,  'ft  growing  together.'     A 


union  or  growing  together  of  foreign  bodies,  at 
of  a  foreign  body  with  the  human. 

EXPANSIO,  Expansion  —  e.  Musculosa,  Pla- 
tysma  myoides. 

EXPANSION,  Expan'tio,  from  expander*, 
{ex  and  pander e,  'to  open/)  'to  spread  out*  A 
prolongation  or  spreading  out,  presented  by  cer- 
tain organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic  expan- 
sion, Ac. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Sperm.) 

EXPECTANT,  Expec'tans,  from  expectare, 
(ex  and  spectare,  'to  look/) '  to  wait'  That  which 
waits :  —  as  Expectant  Medicine,  —  La  Midecinm 
expectante.    See  Expectation. 

EXPECTATION,  Expecta'tio;  same  etymon. 
The  word  expectation  has  been  applied,  in  medi- 
cine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  observing 
the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing  deranging 
influences,  without  prescribing  active  medicines, 
unless  such  shall  be  imperiously  required.  It 
consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the  disease  almost 
wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature,  and  has  been 
termed  the  art  of  curing  diseases  by  expectation 
or  waiting — Are  sanan'di  cum  expectatio'ni. 

EXPECTORANT,  Expectorative,  Expecto- 
rant, Anaeathar'ticus,  Ptys'magogue,  from  ear,  . 
'out  of/  and  pectue,  'the  breast'  A  medicine 
capable  of  facilitating  or  provoking  expectoration. 
There  is  probably  no  such  thing  as  a  direct  ex- 
pectorant They  all  act  through  the  system,  or 
by  impressions  made  on  parts  at  a  distance,  which, 
through  the  medium  of  general,  continuous,  or 
contiguous  sympathy,  excite  the  secretory  vessels 
of  the  air-passages  into  action.  The  following 
are  the  chief  reputed  expectorants: — Ammonia- 
cam;  Asafoetida;  Galbanum;  Ipecacuanha;  My- 
roxylon;  Myrrha;  Inhalations  of  Iodine,  Stra- 
monium, Tar,  Burning  Wool,  Tobacco,  Ac,; 
Scilla:  Senega,  and  Tolutanum. 

EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration  —  e.  San- 
guinis, Haemoptysis  —  e.  Solida,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

EXPECTORA'TION,  Expectora'tio,  Eccker- 
ysis,  Bex  hu'mida,  Anap'tysis,  Prop'tysis,  Stetko- 
catharsis,  Anacatkar'sisf  Anabex'is,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  expelling  from  the  chest  mat- 
ters or  secretions  there  collected  or  existing.  It 
is,  likewise,  used  for  the  expectorated  matter. 

EXPECTORATION  DE  SANG,  Hsemop- 
tysis. 

Ezpectobatioh,  Pruhb-jtjice,  see  Pnme- 
Juice. 

EXPECTORATIVE,  Expectorant 

EXPELLENS,  Expulsive. 

EXPE'RIENCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,  Empei*- 
raf  from  cf,  and  xupa, '  a  trial.'  A  knowledge  of 
things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  knowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the  prac- 
titioner's own  experience,  and  by  that  obtained 
from  tradition  and  from  books.  To  profit  by  ex- 
rience  requires  a  mind  capable  of  appreciating 
the  proper  relations  between  cause  and  effect; 
and  hence  it  happens,  that  false  experience ,  Ex- 
perien'tia fallax,  is  extremely  common ;  and  that 
a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances,  trust  to 
that  which  he  has  learned  from  others,  than  to  his 
own  fallacious  observation. 

The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the  phy- 
sician with  that  handed  down  by  medical  writers 
constitutes  perfect  experience,  so  far  as  it  is  at- 
tainable in  any  individual  case. 

EXPERIENCE,  Experiment 

EXPERIMENT,  Experimen'tum;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Experience.  A  trial,  made  on  the 
bodies  of  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting the  effect  of  a  remedy,  or  of  becoming 
better  acquainted  with  their  structure,  functions, 
or  peculiarities.    In  a  more  general  sense,  it 


EZPKB8 


851 


EXTENSOR 


means  any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of  be- 
coming better  acquainted  with  any  thing.  By 
experiments  on  living  animals,  we  have  obtained 
much  valuable  information  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  medicine;  but  particularly  in  physi- 
ology and  toxicology. 

Experiment  of  Mariottb,  see  Mariotte. 

EXPERS  NUPTIARUM,  Virgin. 

EXPERT,  (F.)  Exper*tus,  from  ex,  Andperitut, 
'  skilled.'  Skilful  or  of  good  experience.  A  phy- 
sician, charged  with  the  duty  of  making  a  report 
upon  any  case  of  legal  medicine. 

EXPIRA'TION,  Expira'tio,  Exepira'Ho,  EcJ- 
pnoe,  Ecpneumato'sis,  Ecpneu'sis,  Apopneu'sis, 
Apop'noi,  Apopna'a,  from  exspirare,  {ex,  and 
spirare,)  'to  breathe  out*  The  act  of  expelling 
from  the  chesty  the  air  received  in  during  respi- 
ration. 

EX'PIRATORY,  Expiratio'ni  inset1  viem: 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  expiration.  The 
expiratory  muscles  are  all  those  which  contribute 
to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the  chest,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  expelling  the  air  contained  in  the  lungs, 
or  of  producing  expiration.  These  muscles  are, 
chiefly,  the  intercostals,  triangularis  stern i,  qua- 
dratic lumborum,  serratus  posticus  inferior,  the 
oblique  and  recti  muscles  of  tho  abdomen,  the 
sacro-lumbalis,  Ac. 

EXPLORATIO,  Exploration  —  e.  Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 

EXPLORA'TION,  Explora'tio,  RecognifHo, 
from  explorare,  '  to  search  into/  The  act  of  ob- 
serving and  attentively  examining  or  investiga- 
ting every  thing  connected  with  a  case  of  disease. 
The  word  is  chiefly  used  in  this  sense  by  the 
French  practitioners. 

EXPLORA'TOR,  CHEST.  An  instrument, 
proposed  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  for  exploring  the 
chest  in  cases  of  empyema.  It  consists  of  a 
needle,  contained  in  the  smallest  sir.ed .  canula. 
This  is  passed  between  the  ribs  into  the  chest. 
The  needle  is  then  withdrawn,  and  the  escape  of 
fluid  indicates  the  nature  of  the  case. 

EXPLORATORIUM,  Sound,  Specillum. 

EXPRESSION,  Expres'eio,  E epics' mo*,  Ec- 
thlip'sis,  from  ex, '  out  of,'  and  premere,  '  to  press.' 
The  act  of  compressing  a  substance,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  separating  from  it  the  fluids  which  it  con- 
tains. Also,  the  manner  in  which  impressions 
made  upon  us  are  depicted;  especially  in  the 
traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Sueur  (Texpres- 
•ion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  very  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPULSIO,  Excretion — e.  Fseeum,  Defecation 
— e.  Foetus,  Parturition. 

EXPULSION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Evolution, 
spontaneous. 

EXPUI/SIVE,  ExpeVlens,  Expulao'rxus,  from 
expellere,  (ex,  and  pellere,)  'to  drive  away.' 

An  expulsive  bandage,  (F.)  Bandage  expuhif, 
is  one  constructed  with  the  view  of  compressing 
a  part,  from  which  we  are  desirous  of  expelling 
pus,  serum,  Ac.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly 
called  expulsive*,  which  were  believed  to  have 
the  power  of  driving  the  humours  towards  the 
skin ; — as  diaphoretics,  and  sudorific*. 

EXPULTRIX,  see  Vis  Expultrix. 

EXSANGUINITY,  AnsBmia. 

E2&SANGUIS,  Exanguious.  ExtanguU  is 
used  by  Ausojiius  for  one  exhausted  by  venery ; — 
as  sanguis  meant  sperm  as  well  as  blood.  See 
Sperm. 

EXSARCOMA,  Sarcoma. 

EXSCREATIO,  Excreation. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXSICCATIO,  Drying. 

EXSICCATIVA,  Desiccativa. 


EXSOLTJTIO,  Eclysls. 

EXSPIRATIO,  Expiration. 

EXSPUIT"ION,  Exspuitf'io,  Spuitf'io,  &*- 
ta'tio,  Anachremp'sis,  Apochremp'sis,  Chremp'sis, 
Ptysis,  Anacine'ma,  Anacine'sis,  (F.)  Sputation, 
from  ex,  '  out  of/  and  spuo,  '  I  spit'  Rejection 
of  the  matters  accumulated  in  the  pharynx  and 
larynx;  spitting. 

EXSTASIS,  Eestasifl. 

EXSTIRPATIO,  Extirpation. 

EXSTROPH'IA,  Ex'strophy,  Ec'stroph*,  from 
«£,  '  out  of,'  and  orpo^-?,  '  turning.'  Exlrover'sio, 
Extroversion.  Eversion  or  turning  out  of  apart 
— as  of  the  eyelids.  A  term  used  by  M.  Chaus- 
sier  for  certain  displacement*  of  organs,  and 
especially  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

Exstroph'ia  or  Ex'btrophy  op  thb  Bladder, 
(F.)  Renversement  de  la  Vessie,  is  a  faulty  con- 
formation, in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes ;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there  is 
a  red,  mucous  surface*  formed  by  the  inner  coat 
of  the  bladder ;  on  which  two  prominences  are 
distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the  opening* 
of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO,  Ecchymoma. 

EXSUC'TIO,  Suc'tio,  Ecmyze'sis,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  succus, '  a  juice.'    The  action  of  sucking. 

EXSUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

EXSUFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EXTEMPORANEOUS,  Extempora'new,  Ex- 
tempora'lis,  from  ex,  and  tempore,  *  out  of  time.' 
Those  prescriptions  are  called  '  extemporaneous,' 
or  '  magistral/  which  are  made  on  the  spot,  and 
composed  according  to  the  prescription  of  the 
physician. 

EXTENSEUR  COMMUN  DES  DOIGTS, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis  — «.  Commun  des 
orteils,  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Court  du  Pouce,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e.  Long 
du  ponce,  Extensor  longUB  pollicis  —  e.  Petit  dee 
orteils,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Propre  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti  —  e,  Propre  de  V Index,  Extensor  prepriua 
indicia. 

EXTENSIBILITY,  ExtensibiVitas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  capable 
of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTENSIO,  Extension,  Tetanus. 

EXTENSION,  Exten'sio,  Tasis,  Ec'tasis,  Ch- 
tafasis,  Anat' cutis,  from  extender e,  (ex,  and  ten- 
der e,)  'to  stretch  out'  An  operation  in  surgery, 
in  which  either  with  the  hands  alone,  or  by  straps, 
a  fractured  or  luxated  limb  is  pulled  strongly, 
to  restore  it  to  its  natural  position.  It  is  the  op- 
posite of  Counter-extension. 

EXTENSOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Extenseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  is  to  extend  certain  parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digito'rum:  PKDis,/Wtctw, 
Calcanio-phalanginien  commun,  of  Dumas,*  (F.) 
Muscle  pSdieux,  Muscle  petit  extenseur  dee  orteile, 
CalcanSo-sus-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.)  Carrt 
du  pied;  Short  Extensor  of  the  Toes,  A  muscle, 
situate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot  It  arises 
from  the  external  surface  of  the  caloaneuro,  and 
at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament,  which  unites 
that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  Anteriorly,  each  of 
its  divisions  terminates  by  a  small  tendon,  which 
is  fixed  successively,  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  to  the  second  and  last  phalanges 
of  the  next  three  toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the 
first  four  toes,  and  to  direct  them  a  little  outwards; 

Extensor  Carpi  Radiaus  Brevtb,  see  Radi- 
alis  —  e.  Carpi  radialis  longus,  see  Radialis — e. 
Carpi  ulnariB,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Comnr'ms  Dierro'RUK  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus, 
P4ron4o-tibi-sus-phalangettien  commun,  Cnemodsto* 
tyla'us,  Peronto-sus-phalangettien  commun,  (F.) 


EXTENSOR 


86? 


EXTRA 


Bxtenseur  commun  des  Orteils.  This  muscle,  also, 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is 
long,  thin,  flattened,  simple,  and  fleshy  above, 
and  divided  into  four  tendons  below.  It  arises 
from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the  tibia  and  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  these 
toes. 

Extensor  Digito'rum  Commu'nis,  Extensor 
digitorum  communis  manus  cum  ex t ens o' re  pro'- 
prio  auricula' ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor;  (F.)  Epi- 
condulo-sus-phalangettien  commun — (  Ch., )— -Com- 
mon Extcmor  of  the  Fingers,  Extenseur  commun 
dei  Doigts.  A  long,  flattened  muscle;  simple 
above,  and  divided  into  four  portions  inferiorly. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm ; 
arises  from  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hume- 
rus ;  from  the  aponeurosis  of  the  forearm,  and 
from  the  aponeurotic  septa  situate  between  it  and 
the  neighbouring  muscles,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  last  four  fingers.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers  upon 
each  other,  and  upon  the  metacarpal  bone.  It 
can,  also,  extend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Digitordm  Longus,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis  —  e.  Longus  digitorum  pedis,  E. 
communis  digitorum.  pedis — e.  Proprius  hallucis, 
E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indicia,  E.  proprius 
indicia — e.  Internodii  ossis  pollicis,  E.  longus  pol- 
licis —  e.  Primi  internodii,  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Breyis,  Exten'sor  minor 
pol'lici8  manus,  E.  nrimi  interno'dii,  E.  pol' licit 
primus,  E.  Secun'ai  interno'dii,  (Douglas,)  E. 
secun'di  interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis;  (F.)  Cubito-sus- 
phalangien  du  pouce, — (Ch.,)  Court  extenseur  du 
pouce.  Seated  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and  broader  at 
its  middle  than  at  the  extremities.  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inter- 
osseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  behind  the  su- 
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and  aids  in  supi- 
nation. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Longus  ;  Extensor  major 
pol'licis  manus,  Extensor  secun'di  interno'dii. 
Extensor  pollicis  secun'dus,  Extensor  ter'tii  inter- 
no'dii (Douglas,)  Extensor  interno'dii  ossis  pol'- 
licis, (F.)  Cubito-sus-phalangettein  du  pouce, — 
(Ch.,)  Muscle  long  extenseur  du  pouce.  This 
muscle  is  long,  flat,  and  fusiform ;  and  is  seated 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  at  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first 
{malanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last  pha- 
anx  of  the  thumb  upon  the  first 

Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dicis,  E. proprius  pri- 
mi dig"iti  manus,  E.  In'dicis,  Indica'tor,  Exten- 
sor secun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro'prius,  (F.)  Cu- 
bito-sus-phalangettien  de  r/nrfex,—(Ch.,)  Exten- 
seur propre  de  V Index.  This  muBcle  is  long  and 
thin ;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremi- 
ties; and  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  index-flnger.  It  extends  the  three 
phalanges  of  the  index-finger;  and  has,  besides, 
the  same  uses  as  the  other  extremities  of  the 
Angers. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Mnc'mi  DiG"m,  (F.) 
MpieondglO'tus-phalangettien  du  petit  doigt, — 
(  Oh*,)  Eeienseur  propre  du  petit  doigt.  Situate  on 


the  inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digito'rum. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri  and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris ;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  hand 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Pol'licis  Pedis,  E.pro- 
prius Hal'lucis,  E.  Longus  (Douglas),  E. pollicis 
longus,  Ptronlo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  Pironio- 
sus-phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is 
fleshy,  broad,  flat  above;  small  and  tendinous 
below.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  extends  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  upon  the  first,  and 
the  first  upon  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Extensor  Primi  Internodii,  E.  pollicis  breyis 
—  e.  Secundi  internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis,  Ex- 
tensor longus  pollicis  —  e.  Secundi  internodii  in- 
dicis  proprius,  E.  proprius  indicis— e.  Tertii  inter- 
nodii, E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Tertii  internodii 
indicis,  Prior  annularis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii  mi- 
nimi digiti,  Abduotor  minimi  digit!  —  e.  Ossis 
metacarpi  pollicis  manus,  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis— e.  Pollicis  longus,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis 
— e.  Pollicis  secundus,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Mi- 
nor pollicis  mantis,  E.  pollicis  brevis— e.  Primus 
pollicis,  Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Magnus,  E.  Tarsi  sura' lit. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  soleus  combined. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Minor,  Plantar  muscle. 

EXTENUATIO,  Emaciation. 

EXTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

EXTER'NAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'sic  Dis- 
eases, Morbi  extrin'seci,  Surgical  diseases,  (F.) 
Maladies  externes.  Those  diseases  which  occupy 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  form  the  object  of 
surgical  pathology,  requiring,  generally,  external 
means,  or  surgical  operations. 

EXTERN  AT.  The  post  or  office  of  an  extern*. 

EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon. 

EXTERNUS  AURIS,  Laxator  tympani  —  e. 
Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

EXTESTICULATUS,  Castrates,  Eunuch. 

EXTINCTIO,  Death  — e.  Hydrargyri,  Ex- 
tinction  of  Mercury  —  e.  Mercurii,  Extinction  of 
Mercury. 

Exttnctio  Vocis,  (F.)  Extinction  de  voix.  The 
French  use  this  term  for  cases  in  which  the  voice 
is  not  wholly  suppressed,  but  produces  only  fee- 
ble sounds  : — Incomplete  aphonia. 

EXTINCTION  OF  MER'CURY,  Extinc'tio 
Merou'rii  vel  Hydrar'gyri.  Trituration  of  mer- 
cury with  lard  or  other  substance,  until  the  me- 
tallic globules  disappear.  The  mercury  is  then 
so  divided,  that  it  forms  a  black  powder,  gene- 
rally considered  to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercury, 
but,  perhaps,  erroneously. 

EXTIRPATIO,  Extirpation— e.  Linguae,  Glos- 
sosteresis — e.  Testiculorum,  Castratio. 

EXTIRPA'TION,  Extirpa'tio,  Exstirpa'tio, 
Abla'tio,  Apha' resin,  from  extirpare,  (ex,  and 
stirps,)  'to  root  out'  The  complete  removal  or 
destruction  of  any  part,  either  by  cutting  instru- 
ments or  the' action  of  caustics.  Thus,  we  speak 
of  the  extirpation  of  cancer,  polypus,  encysted 
tumour,  £o. 

EXTOMIUS,  Eunuch. 

EXTOZOA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOAIRES.  Ectoioa, 

EXTOZOARIA,  Ectosoa. 

EXTRA-PEL  VIO-  PUBI-  TROCHANTt- 
RIENt  Obturator  externum 


EXTKAOT 


85* 


EXTRACTUM 


EXTRACT,  Extractum  —  e.  of  Aconite,  Ex- 
tractum aconiti — e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extrao- 
tmm  aconiti  alcoholicum —  e.  Alcoholic,  see  Ex- 
tractum —  e.  of  Aloes,  purified,  Extractum  aloes 
purificatum — e.  of  Bark,  Extractum  cinchonee— 
e.  of  Bark,  resinoos,  Extractum  cinchonas  resino- 
sum — e.  of  Belladonna,  Extractum  belladonnas — 
e.  of  Belladonna,  alcoholic,  Extractum  belladon- 
na alooholioum  —  e.  of  Bittersweet,  Extractum 
dulcamara  —  e.  of  Broom-tops,  Extractum  cacu- 
minum  genista  — e.  of  Butternut,  Extractum  ju- 
glandis —  e.  of  Caacarilla,  resinous,  Extractum 
cascarillsB  resinosum  —  e.  of  Chamomile,  E.  an- 
themidis — e.  of  Cinchona,  Extractum  cinchonsB — 
— e.  of  Colchicum,  acetic,  Extractum  oolchici  aceti- 
eum —  e.  of  Colooynth,  Extractum  colocynthidis 
e.  of  Colooynth,  compound,  Extractum  colocyn- 
thidis compositum  —  e.  of  Cubebs,  fluid,  Extrac- 
tum cubebae  fluidum— e.  of  Dandelion,  Extractum 
taraxaci— e.  of  Elaterium,  Extractum  elaterii — e. 
of  Ergot,  Ergotin — e.  Ethereal,  see  Extractum — 
e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum  gentianse  —  e.  of  Hem- 
lock, Extractum  oioutss  —  e.  of  Hellebore,  black, 
Extractum  hellebori  —  e.  of  Hemlock,  alcoholic, 
Extractum  conii  alooholioum  —  e.  of  Henbane, 
Extractum  hyoscyami— e.  of  Henbane,  alcoholic, 
Extractum  hyoscyami  alcoholicum  —  e.  of  Hops, 
Extractum  hamuli — e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  Jala- 
pa  —  e.  of  Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucae  —  e.  of 
Liquorice,  Extractum  glycyrrhizas —  e.  of  Log- 
wood, Extractum  hssmatoxyli —  e.  of  Mayapple, 
Extractum  podophylli — e.  of  Meat,  saponaceous, 
Osmazome  —  e.  of  Oak-bark,  Extractum  corticis 
quercua — e.  of  white  Poppy,  Extractum  papave- 
ris  —  e.  of  Quassia,  Extractum  quassisB  —  e.  of 
Quinia,  Extractum  quinisa  —  e.  of  Rhatany,  Ex- 
tractum kramerisD  —  e.  of  Rhubarb,  Extractum 
rhei  —  e.  of  Rhubarb,  fluid,  Extractum  rhei  flui- 
dum —  e.  of  Rue,  Extractum  rot®  —  e.  of  Sarsa- 
parilla,  Extractum  sarsaparillse— e.  of  Sarsaparil- 
la,  fluid,  Extractum  sarsaparilles  fluidum  —  e.  of 
Savine,  Extractum  foliorum  sabinss — e.  of  Senna, 
fluid,  Extractum  sennse  fluidum  —  e.  of  Spige- 
lia  and  Senna,  Extractum  spigelian  et  sennae — e. 
of  Stramonium,  Extractum  stramonii — e.  of  Va- 
lerian, Extractum  Valerianae  —  e.  of  Wormwood, 
Extractum  cacuminum  absinthiL 

EXTRACTIF,  Extractive. 

EXTRACTION,  Extrac'tio,  Ex  a' rests,  Ex- 
ogo'ge,  Exolce,  Exelcye'mue,  Enchylo'sis,  from 
extrahere,  (ex,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  out.'  The 
set  of  removing  an  extraneous  substance  from 
any  part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a  splinter  is  said  to 
be  extracted.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  removal 
of  certain  parts.  The  cataract  is  said  to  be  ex- 
tracted :  a  tooth  is  extracted,  when  carious,  Ac. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (P.)  Extractif.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar>  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  bitter 
extractive  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter 
vegetables,  Ac. 

EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'ma,  (P.) 
Extrait.  An  extract  is  prepared  by  evaporating 
vegetable  solutions,  till  a  tenacious  mass  is  ob- 
tained. When  prepared  from  an  infusion  or  de- 
coction, it  is  called  a  watery,  —  from  ether,  an 
ethereal j — and  from  alcohol,  an  alcohol' ic  or  a  spi- 
rituous extract.  Both  kinds  contain  all  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  vegetable,  that  are  soluble  in  the 
menstrua  with  which  they  are  prepared ;  but  the 
volatile  parts  are  dissipated,  and  some  of  the 
fixed  parts  are  decomposed;  the  proper  extrac- 
tive is  oxygenized,  and  the  virtues  of  the  vege- 
table substance  consequently  altered  or  destroyed. 
Extract*  are  hard,  soft,  ot fluid:  the  consistence 
of  the  soft  being  such  as  to  retain  the  pilular 
form  without  the  addition  of  a  powder.  A  patent 
wm  taken  oat  many  yean  ago,  by  a  Mr.  Barry, 
23 


of  London,  for  preparing  them  in  vacuo ;  and,  as 
the  temperature  is  much  lower  than,  in  the  ordi- 
nary method,  the  virtues  of  the  plant  are  less 
altered,  and  the  extracts  are  generally  green. 
Extracts  are  also  prepared  by  displacement  or 
percolation.  They  have,  likewise,  received  dif- 
ferent names,  according  to  their  predominant 
principle.  The  gummy  or  mucous,  or  mucilaginous, 
are  those  which  are  mainly  composed  of  gum  or 
mucilage.  Gum  tragacanth  may  be  considered  a 
pure  gummy  extract.  Oelatinoue  extracts  are 
those  composed  especially  of  gelatin;  resinous 
extract*,  those  of  a  resinous  character ;  extracto- 
resinous,  those  composed  of  extractive  or  colour- 
ing matter  and  resin;  gum-resinous,  those,  con- 
taining gum  and.  resin;  and  sapona'ceout  or 
sapona'ceous  saline,  those  containing  a  notable 
quantity  of  saline  substances  and  a  resinous  mat- 
ter, so  combined  with  mucus  and  other  soluble 
substances,  that  they  cannot  be  separated. 

Extractum  Absin'thii  Cacu'minum,  Extract 
of  Wormwood.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  eva- 
porated.) The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with 
the  essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
x  to  9j,  in  pill. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  Aconite,  Sue- 
eve  sjrissa'tns  aconiti  napelli,  (from  the  inspissated 
juice  without  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to  be 
narcotio  and  diuretic  ,*  and  has  been  given  in  the 
cases  referred  to  under  Aoonitum.  Dose,  gr.  j, 
gradually  increasing  it 

Extractum  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Aconite.  (Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass.  B>j  ; 
Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol :  let  it  stand  for  24 
hours:  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  apparatus, 
and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the  diluted 
alcohol.  vWhen  the  last  portion  of  this  has  pene- 
trated the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
water  sufficient  to  keep  the  powder  covered* 
Stop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which  passes 
begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls,  in 
that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  off  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. — 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Al'oes  Purifica'tum,  Pu'rified 
extract  of  aloes.  (The  gummy  part  extracted  by 
boiling  water,  defecated  and  inspissated.)  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  gr.  xv. 

Extractum  Anthem'idis,  E.  anthemidie  no'- 
bilis,  E.  chamame'li,  E.florum  chamaime'li,  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissipated 
in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful  bitter, 
and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
xx,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Asparaoi,  see  Asparagus. 

Extractum  Belladon'njb,  Succus  spissa'tue 
afropa  belladon'na,  Extract  of  Belladon'na,  (an 
expressed  juice  inspissated.)  Properties  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose,  gr.  i,  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 

Extractum  Belladonna  Alcohol'icum,  Al- 
cohol'ic  extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Cannabis,  see  Bangue. 

Extractum  Cascaril'ub  Resino'sum,  Resr- 
inous  extract  of  cascaril'la.  (Corf,  cascarilla,  in 
pulv.  crass.  tt>j ;  Sp.  vini  red.  Ibiv.  Digest  for 
four  days ;  then  decant  and  strain ;  boil  the  resi- 
duum in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two;  filter  and 
evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tincture 
in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened ;  then  mix  and 
evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gr.  xx,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catharticum,  E.  Colocynthidis 
compositum  —  e.  Catechu,  Catechu  —  e.  Chamm- 
meli,  E.  Anthemidis— e.  Cicuta,  E.  Conii. 


BXTBAOTTJM 


SH 


EXTBACTUX 


Extractum  Cathol'icum,  (7.)  Extrait  Caiko- 
lique.  This  epithet  is  given  to  pills  composed  of 
aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  colocynth,  resin  of 
jalap,  and  scammony.  See,  also,  Extractum  eo- 
locynthidis  compositam. 

Extractum  CuiCHO'lf  je,  Extract  of  Cincho'na, 
JB.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni,  E.  Cincho'na  Molle,  E. 
of  Bark.  (A  decoction  evaporated.)  The  active 
principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the  bark  in 
substance;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual — owing  to 
the  chymical  change  induced  in  the  drag  daring 
the  boiling.  When  reduced,  by  drying,  to  a  state 
lit  for  being  powdered,  it  is  called  the  Hard  Ex- 
tract of  Bat  it  Extrac'tum  Cor'ticU  Peruvxa'ni 
durum,  E.  Cincho'na  durum.    Dose,  gr.  z  to  gas. 

Extractum  Cutchohje  Resiho'sum,  E.  Cin- 
chona lancifo'lia,  E.  Cinchona  Rubra  resino'- 
sum,  Res'inous  Extract  of  Bark,  E.  Cincho'na 
Reei'na.  The  aqaeo-spiritaous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xxx. 

Extractum  Cinchona  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  (1842,)  is  directed  to  be  pre- 
pared as  follows:  —  Peruvian  Bark,  in  coarse 
powder,  lb j ;  Alcohol,  Oiv;  Water,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Macerate  the  Peruvian  bark  with  the 
alcohol  for  four  days;  then  filter  by  a  displace- 
ment apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid  ceases  to 
pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark  water  sufficient 
to  keep  its  surface  covered.  When  the  filtered 
tincture  measures  four  pints,  set  it  aside,  and 
proceed  with  the  filtration  until  six  pints  of  infu- 
sion are  obtained.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the 
tincture  and  evaporate  the  infusion  till  the  liquids 
are  respectively  brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin 
honey ;  then  mix  and  evaporate  to  form  an  ex- 
tract—Ph.  U.  S. 

Extrac'tum  Col'chici  Ace'ticum,  Ace' tout  or 
Ace' tic  Extract  of  Colchicum.  (Colchic  rod.  in 
pulv.  crass,  tbj,  Acid.  acet.  f§iv,  Aqua  q.  s.  To 
the  acid  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  mix  this  with 
the  root.  Pat  the  mixture  in  a  percolator,  and 
pour  on  water  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  or  no  taste.  Evaporate  to  a  proper  consist- 
ence.   Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iij. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis,  Extract  of  Col'o- 
cynth.  A  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  from  gr.  v 
to  788. 

Extractum  Colocttc'trtdis  Compob'itum,  Ex- 
ti  actum  Cathar'ticum,  E.  Cathol'icum,  E.  Quer- 
eeta'ni,  Compound  Extract  of  Colocynth.  (Colo- 
cynth. pulp,  concis.  ^vj,  Aloes  pulv.  ^xij,  Scarn- 
mon.  pulv.  5iv,  Cardamom,  pulv.  3J,  Saponis 
5 iij,  Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.  Macerate  the  pulp  in 
the  spirit  at  a  gentle  heat  for  four  days ;  strain : 
add  the  aloes  and  scammony ;  then  distil  off  the 
spirit  and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  It  is  a  powerful  cathartic,  and  is  used  in 
obstinate  visceral  obstructions,  Ac  Dose,  gr.  vj 
to  3ss. 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.  Cieu'ta,  Succus  cicuta 
tpisaa'tus,  Extract  of  Hemlock,  Succus  spissatus 
conii  macula' ti.  (Expressed  juice  inspissated 
without  defecation.)  Employed  in  the  same 
coses  as  the  conium.     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  J)j. 

Extractum  Conti  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Convolvuli  Jalap jb,  E.  jalap© — 
e.  Corticis  Pernviani,  E.  Cinchona. 

Extract'um  Cubes'  je  Flu'idum,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract of  Cubebs.  (Cubebs  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  and  the  solution  evaporated. 

Extractum  Dulcama'ras,  Extract  of  Bitter- 
tweet.  (Prepared  by  displacement  from  bitter- 
iweet  In  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  8.) 

Extractum  Elatb'rh,  Elate'rium,  Extract  of 


ElaUrUm.  (  The  fecula  of  the  expressed  JuSee.) 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  hydragoguc,  and  some- 
times emetic  Dose,  gr.  as.  every  hear  till  is 
operates. 
Extractum  Brootjk,  Ergotin. 
Extractum  Gbxis'tje  Cacu'mxmuv,  Extract  of 
Broom  Tope.  Diuretic  and  stosaachia.  Dose, 
3ssto3J. 

Extractum  Gmbtia'iijc,  Ext.  Oentia'na  lu'tea? 
Ext.  Radi'cis  Qentia'na,  Extract  of  Gen'tia*, 
(The  evaporated  decoction.)  Prepared  also  by 
displacement. — Ph.  U.  8.)  Properties  like  those 
of  Gentian.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Extractum  Gltctrrhi'iji;  Extract  of  Li- 
quorice, Succus  Glyeyrrhi'za  inepisea'tms,  Succwo 
Liquirit"ia.  (  The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
demulcent,  taken  ad  libitum. 

Refined  Liquorice,  which  ia  sold  in  the  form 
of  cylinders,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pore  extract  of  liquorice  with  half 
its  weight  of  gam  Arabic,  rolling  the  mass  and 
catting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing,  by 
rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

Extrac'tum  Gram'inis,  'Extract  «f  Grass/ 
An  extract  prepared  from  Triticum  repene.  It  ia 
considered  by  the  Germans  to  be  a  mild  tonic; 
and  is  greatly  used,  especially  in  convalescence 
from  fever.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  all  injurious 
properties,  and  as  probably  totally  inefneaekras. 
Extractum  Hjcmatox'yli,  E.  Hamatoxfyli 
Campechia'ni,  E.  Scobis  Hamatax'yli,  Extract 
of  Logwood.  (  The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  ia 
astringent    Dose,  gr.  x  to  gj. 

Extractum  Radi'cis  Helleb'ori  Niori,  Ext. 
of  Black  HeU'cbore  root,  E.  HeUebori  nigri, 
( The  evaporated  decoction.)  In  large  doses,  this 
is  cathartic ;  in  smaller,  diuretic,  resolvent  (?)  and 
emmenagogue  (?).  Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  x  to 
J)j ;  as  an  emmenagogue,  gr.  iy  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Hellebori,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  prepared  from 
Black  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Hu'muli,  Extract  of  hops,  (the 
evaporated  decoction.)  It  is  tonic,  anodyne  (?), 
diuretic  (?).    Doso,  gr.  t  to  35. 

Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Extract  of  Henbane^ 
Succus  spissa'tus  Hyoscyami  nigri,  Suce.  Spies. 
Hyoscyami.  (The  expressed  juice,  inspissated 
without  defecation.)  Its  virtues  are  narcotic. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  Qss. 

Extractum  Hyoscyami  Alcohol'icum,  Alco- 
holic Extract  of  Henbane.  ( Prepared  from  leaves 
of  Hyo8cyamus,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  8.) 

Extractum  Jala'pjs,  B.  ConvoVvuli  Jalapa, 
E.  Jala'pii,  Extract  of  Jalap,  E.  Jala'pi.  (A 
spirituous  tincture  distilled;  and  an  aqueous  ae- 
coction  evaporated;  the  residua  being  mixed  toge- 
ther :  kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathartic 
and  hydragogue.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  >)j. 

Extractum  Jalapjb  of  the  Ph.  U.  8.  is  pre- 
pared like  the  Extraotnm  cinchonas,  Ph.  U.  8. 

Extractum  Jalapjb  Resixo'sum,  Rei'inows 
Extract  of  Jalap.     This  is  cathartic. 

Extractum  Juolan'dis,  Extract  of  ButtemmL 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  butternut,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  TJ.  8.) 

Extractum  Krame'rl*,  Extract  of  RhmUmu. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  8.) 

Extractum  Laotu'oa,  Extract  of  Lett*** 
Succus  spissa'tus  Lactuca  sativa.  (Leaves  of 
fresh  lettuce  ft)j ;  beat  them  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  tha 
juioo  and  evaporate,  without  allowing  it  to  sub- 
,  side  until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  < 


EXTRACTUM 


365 


EXTRANEOUS  BODY 


enoe.)  It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diaphoretic 
Dose,  gr.  ii j  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  wild  lettuce,  Lactuea  viro'sa,  whieh  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

Extractum  Martis  Acbticum,  Ferri  Aeetas — 
e.  Nucis  Vomica),  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

Extractum  O'pii,  B.  Opii  aquo'swn,  E.  The- 
ba'icum,  Extract  of  Opium,  E.  Opii  gummo'sum, 
Laudanum  opia'tum  sen  simplex,  Opium  cola' turn 
sen  depura'tum.  (A  watery  eolation  defecated 
and  evaporated.)    Pose,  gr.  sb  to  gr.  v. 

Extract  dm  Pavchymago'oum.  A  drastic  me- 
dicine, composed  of  colocynth,  braised  with  its 
•cede  ;  senna  bruised ;  black  hellebore  root,  Aga- 
ric, Scammony,  in  powder,  Extract  of  Aloes,  and 
Powder  of  Diarrhodon. 

Extractum  Papav'bris,  E.  Papav'eris  som- 
nif'eri,  E.  Papaverie  albi,  Extract  of  white  poppy. 
(The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  possesses  nearly 
the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  weaker.    Dose, 

gr.ytoBj. 

Extractum  Pip'iris  Flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Black  Pepper,  (Black  pepper  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  the  solution  evaporated,  and 
the  piperin  in  crystals  separated  by  expression. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Podophyl'li,  Extract  of  May- 
apple.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchona,— Ph.  U.  6.) 

Extractum  Purgans,  see  Hedera  helix  — e. 
Quercetani,  E,  Colocynthidis  oompositum. 

Extractum  Quas'siji,  Extract  of  Quassia. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Quassia  rasped. 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Coe'ticis  Quercub,  Extract  of  oak 
bark.  ( The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonie. 

Extractum  Qui'nls,  Quinia  sulphas  impu'rus. 
This  is  made  by  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  pilular  mass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Extractum  Rhii,  Extract  of  Bhubarb.  (A 
solution  in  diluted  alcohol  evaporated.)  Uses 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose,  gr.  x 
togss. 

Extractum  Rhbi  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Rhubarb.  (Bhsj  in  pulv.  crass.  5viU>  Sacchar. 
gv,  Tinct.  Zingib.  f  zss,  OL  faemcuL,  OL  anie. 
fta  Tt\,iv ;  Alcohol,  dxlut.  q.  s.  Digest  the  rhu- 
*  barb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  coarse  sand, 
with  5xij  of  the  diluted  alcohol  for  24  hours. 
Put  the  mass  into  the  percolator,  and  pour  on 
diluted  alcohol  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  odour  or  taste  of  rhubarb;  evaporate  to  fj  v; 
dissolve  it  in  the  sugar,  and  mix  the  tincture  of 
ginger  and  oils.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Budius,  (P.) 
Extrait  de  Budiue.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scammony,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and 
jalap,  socotrine  aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves, 
and  alcohol. 

Extractum  TLvtm  Graybolrn'tts,  E.  folio'' 
rum  Buta,  Extract  of  Bue,  Extractum  But*.  (A 
decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The 
volatile  oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this  is 
not  a  good  preparation.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  J)j. 

Extractum  Folio'rum  Sabi'njb,  Extract  of 
Savine.  (A  decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic  The 
same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as  on  the  last.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Extractum  Sarsaparii/l*:,  Extract  of  Bar- 
saparil'la.  (A  strained  decoction  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  powdered  root 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  5Jj.  Extractum  SarsaparilUB  of 
the  United   States  Pharmacopoeia  is  prepared 


from  SarsapariUa,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aooniti  aleoholicum. 

Extractum  Sar&aparillje  flu'idum,  Fluid 
Extract  of  SarsapariUa.  (SarsaparilL  concis.  et 
contus.  5  xvj,  OlycyrrhiM.  oontus.,  Sassafr.  rad\ 
contus.,  U  iy,  Mezerei  concis.  SJvj,  Sacchar. 
§x\j,  AlcohoL  dilut.  Oviij.  Macerate,  with  the 
exception  of  the  sugar,  for  14  days ;  express  and 
filter,*  evaporate  to  f^xij;  and  add  the  sugar. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Saturxi,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subaoetatis — e.  Scobis  hsematoxyli,  E. 
haematoxyli. 

Extractum  Sewn^  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Senna.  (Senna  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibij?s ;  Sac- 
char,  ^xx;  OL  FcenieuL  fgj;  Sp.  ACther.  com- 
pos. fTij;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Mix  the  ser.ua 
and  diluted  alcohol;  let  the  mixture  stand  for  21 
hours;  put  it  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually 
pour  on  water  mixed  with  one  third  its  bulk  of 
alcohol,  until  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  liquid  shall 
have  passed;  evaporate  to  fjxx;  add  the  sugar, 
and,  when  it  is  dissolved,  the  compound  spirit  of 
ether,  holding  the  oil  in  solution. 

Extractum  Spigr'lijb  bt  Sriota  flu'idim, 
Fluid  Extract  of  Spigelia  and  Senna.  (SpjgeL 
in  pulv.  crass.  tt>j ;  Senna  in  pulv.  crass.  5  vj ; 
Sacchar.  Ibiss;  Potass,  carbon.  Zvj ;  01.  Carui, 
01.  Anisi,  U  f*Jss;  Alcohol,  dttut.  q.  s.  Pour 
on  the  spigelia  and  senna  Oij  of  diluted  alcohol ; 
let  it  stand  for  48  hours ;  place  it  in  a  percolator, 
and  pour  on  gradually  diluted  alcohol  until  half 
a  gallon  has  passed:  evaporate  to  a  pint;  add 
the  carbonate  of  potassa;  and  afterwards  the 
sugar,  previously  triturated  with  the  oils,  and 
dissolve.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  E.  Stramo'nii  folio  - 
rum,  Extract  of  Stramo'nium,  Extract  of  Strann  ■ 
nium  leaves.  (The  expressed  juice  inspissated.) 
The  Extractum  Stramonii  Sem'inis,  Extract  of 
Stramonium  Seed,  is  made  from  the  powdered 
seed  by  means  of  diluted  alcohol,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  percolator ; — the  solution  being  evapo- 
rated. Ph.  U.  S.  Used  as  a  narcotic  in  asthma 
and  other  spasmodic  affections.  Dose,  gr.  ij  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Tarax'aci,  Ext.  Herba  et  Badi'- 
ois  Tar  ax' act,  Extract  of  DandeWon.  (The 
strained  juice  evaporated.)  It  has  been  consi- 
dered deobstruent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  3j. 

Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 

Extractum  Valeria'nji,  Extract  of  Vale'- 
rian.  (An  expressed  decoction  evaporated.)  The 
virtues  of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon  its 
essential  oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  preparation. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  3J. 

A  fluid  extract  of  Valerian,  Extractum  Vale- 
ria'nm  flu'idum,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
prepared  by  exhausting  the  valerian  by  ether  and 
alcohol,  through  the  percolator,  and  evaporating. 

There  are  some  other  extracts  in  the  American 
and  other  Pharmacopoeias,  but  they  are  prepared 
in  the  ordinary  mode,  and  possess  merely  the 
virtues  of  the  plants.  They  are  besides,  gene- 
rally, of  an  unimportant  character. 

EXTBAIT,  Extract— e.  Alcoholique  de  noix 
vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — e.  des  Fruits, 
Rob — e.  Himostatique  de  Bonjean,  Ergotin. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  from  extra,  'with- 
out.' Corpus  extra'neum,  C.  externum,  C.  alie'- 
num,  (F.)  Corps  itranger.  Any  solid,  liquid,  or 
gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  animate,  pro- 
ceeding from  without,  or  formed  in  the  body; 
and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body,  but 
occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the'textures.  or  fl 
of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 


EXTRAVASATION 


956 


FACH 


BXTRAVASA'TION,  Bxtravasa'tio,  from  ex- 
tra, '  oat  of/  and  vasa,  '  vessels.'  Escape  of  a 
fluid — extravasa'tum — from  the  vessel  contain- 
ing it,  and  infiltration  or  effusion  of  the  fluid  into 
the  surrounding  textures. 

EXTRAVASATUM,  see  Extravasatio. 

EXTREM'ITY,  Extrem'itas ;  from  extreme, 
'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termination  of  a 
thing.  The  limbs,  acrote'ria,  have  been  so  called, 
—  as  the  upper  and  lover  extremities.  It  has 
been,  also,  used  to  express  the  last  moments  of 
life ;  as  when  we  say,  a  patient  is  in  'extremity,' 
(F.)  le  malade  est  d  VextrimiU,  d  toute  extrimiti. 
See  Membrum. 

EXTRIN'SIC,  Extrin'seeus.  That  which  comes 
from  without  This  term  has  been  used  for  mus- 
cles, which  Biirround  certain  organs  and  attach 
them  to  the  neighbouring  parts ;  in  order  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  other  muscles,  which  enter 
into  the  intimate  composition  of  these  organs, 
and  which  have  been  named  intrinsic  Thus, 
♦here  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic  muscles  of  the 
tongue,  ear,  Ac. 

EXTROVERSIO,  Exstrophia. 

EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance. 

EXTUBERATIO,  Protuberance. 

EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling. 

EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and  tussis,  'a  cough/ 
1 1  cough  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of/  'devoid  of/  and 
libera,  'breasts/  Apogalae'tos.  'A  child  which 
has  been  weaned/ 

EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 

EXULCERATIO,  Ecthlimma,  Ulceration—  e. 
Uteri,  Hysterelcosis — e.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 

EXUMBILICATIO,  Exomphalos. 

EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

EXUTORIUM,  Fonticulus. 

EXUTORY,  Fonticulus. 

EYE,  Sax.  eaj,  Teuton.  Auge,  0' cuius,  Opt, 
Omma,  OphthaVmos,  Illos,  Op'tilos  (Doric,)  Vt- 
so'rium  Org'anum,  (F.)  (Eil.  The  eye  is  the  im- 
mediate organ  of  vision.  It  is  seated  in  the  orbit, 
while  its  dependencies,  called  by  Haller  Tutam'- 
ina  Oe'uli,  occupy  the  circumference  of  the  ca- 
vity, and  are  composed  of  the  eyebrows,  the  eye- 
lids, cilia,  glands  of  Meibomius,  Ac  The  Ball, 
Globe,  or  Bulb  of  the  Eye,  Bulbus  Oc'tdi,  is  co- 
lored anteriorly  by  the  tunica  conjunctiva;  is 
moved  by  six  muscles,  four  straight,  two  oblique, 
and  is  constituted  of  membranes,  as  the  sclerotic, 
cornea,  choroid,  tunica  Jacobi,  retina,  iris,  hya- 
loid, and,  in  the  foetus,  the  membrana pupillaris; 
and  of  fluids,  called  Humours,  or  Media, — the 
aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous.  The  eyeball 
is  invested  with  a  membranous  tunio,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  other  structures  of  the  orbit,  and 
forms  a  smooth,  hollow  surface,  by  which  its  mo- 
tions are  facilitated.    This  investment  has  been 


called  eeWular  capsule  of  ike  eye,  oc'ular  capsule, 
tu'nica  vaginalis  oe'uli,  vag*'inal  coat,  and  sub- 
muscular  fascia  of  the  eye.  The  vessels  of  the 
eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The 
nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly  furnished 
from  th£  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The  following 
are  the  dimensions,  Ac,  of  the  organ,  on  the  an- 
thority  of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and  Brewster: 

Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 

the  eye, 0.91 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea, 0.45 

Versed  sine  of  the  cornea, 0.11 

Horizontal  chord  of  the  oornea, 0.47 

Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,  0.27  to  0.13 
Size  of  pupil  diminished  by  magnifying  power 

of  cornea  to,  from 0.25  to  0.12 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crystal- 
line,   0.30 

Radius  of  posterior  surface, 0.22 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens, 1.73 

Distance  of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve  from 

the  foramen  centrale  of  Sommering, 0.11 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea, 0.10 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  surface 

of  the  crystalline 0.02 

Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,  50°  )  12n° 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,  70°  J 

Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane, 150* 

Diameter  of  the  crystalline  in  a  woman  above 

fifty  years  of  age, 0.378 

Diameter  of  the  cornea, 0.400 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline, 0.172 

Thickness  of  the  cornea, 0.042 

Ens,  Apple,  see  Melum — e.  Balm,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis — e.  Bright,  Euphrasia  officinalis,  Lo- 
belia—  e.  Cat's,  amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e. 
Cellular  capsule  of  the,  see  Eye  —  e.  Drop,  Tear. 

Ete  Glass,  Scaphium  oculare,  see  Specta- 
cles. Also,  a  glass  adapted  for  the  application 
of  collyria  to  the  eye. 

Eye,  Gum  of  the,  Chassie — e.  Lashes,  Cilia — 
e.  Lid,  Palpebra — e.  Lid,  Granular,  Trachoma— 
e.  Melon,  see  Melum — e.  Purulent,  Ophthalmia, 
purulent,  of  infants  —  e.  Salve,  Singleton's,  Un- 
guentum  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi ;  Eye-salve, 
Smellome's,  see  Cupri  subacetas— e.  Sight  of  the, 
Pupil. 

Eye  Stone.  The  shelly  operculum  of  small 
tarbinidese.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  things  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner  of* 
the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  works  its  way  out 
at  the  outer  corner,  and  brings  out  any  foreign 
substance  with  it — Gray. 

Eye  Teeth,  Canine  teeth — e.  of  Typhon,  Scil- 
la — e.  Water,  Collyrium — e.  Water,  common,  Li- 
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphor*.  —  e.  Water, 
blue,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora—e.  White  of  the,  Bee  Sclerotic 


F. 


FAB  a,  Phaseoluf,  Vicia  faba  —  f.  JEgyptiaca, 
Nymphsaa  nelumbo  —  f.  Cathartioa,  Jatropha 
c  ureas  —  f.  Crassa,  Sedum  telephium  —  f.  Febri- 
faga,  Ignatia  amara — f.  Grseoa,  Diospyros  lotus 
— f.  Indica,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Major,  Vicia 
faba — f.  Pechurei,  Totranthera  Peohurim  —  t 
Pechurim,  Tetranthera  peohurim  —  f.  Furgatrix, 
Ricinus  communis  —  f.  Sanoti  Iguatii,  Ignatia 
vnara  —  f.  Suilla,  Hyoscyamoa  —  L  Vulgaris, 
Vicia  faba. 


FAB.E,  Onisci  aselll. 

FABAQELLE,  Zygophyllum  fagabo. 

FAB  ARIA  CRASS  ULA,  Sedum  telephium. 

FABRICA  ANDROGYNA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

FACE,  Fades,  Vultus,  Voltus,  Proso'pon,  (F.) 
Face.  The  face  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  head. 
It  is  formed  of  13  bones,  vis.  the  two  superior 
maxillary,  the  two  malar,  the  two  ossa  nasi,  the 
two  ossa  unguis,  the  vomer,  the  two  ossa  spongiosa 
inferiora,  the  two  palate  bones,  and  the  inferior 


FACB 


367 


FAGU8 


maxiUary,  without  including  the  frontal  portion 
of  the  ob  frontis,  and  the  32  teeth,  which  may  be 
considered  to  form  part  of  it.  Its  numerous 
muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.  Its  arteries 
proceed  from  the  external  carotid :  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  faoe  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puffy  in  dropsy ;  and  its 
expression  is  very  different,  according  to  the  seat 
of  irritation,  so  that,  in  infants,  by  an  attention 
to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often  detect  the 
seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hunger, 
watchfulness,  Ac,  threatening  dissolution.  Hence 
this  state  has  been  called  Facie*  Hippocrat'ica, 
Facie*  Cadaver' ica,  F.  Tortua'lis.  In  this,  the 
nose  is  pinched ;  the  eyes  are  sunk ;  the  temples 
hollow;  the  ears  cold,  and  retracted;  the  skin 
of  the  forehead  tense,  and  dry ;  the  complexion 
livid ;  the  lips  pendent,  relaxed,  and  cold,  Ac 

The  term  Face  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one  of 
the  aspects  of  an  organ ;  thus,  we  say,  the  supe- 
rior face  of  the  stomach. 

FACE,  INJECT$E,  see  Vultueux—f.  VuU 
tueuse,  see  Vultueux. 

FACET',  (F.)  Facette.  Diminutive  of  Face,  A 
small  face.  A  small,  circumscribed  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articular  facette  of 
a  bone. 

FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau,  and  two  miles  north  of  Wisbaden. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid ;  carbonate,  sul- 
phate, and  phosphate  of  soda;  chloride  of  sodium, 
carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia' lis.  Belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  the  face. 

Facial  Angle,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Artery,  La'bial  artery,  An'gular  or 
external  max'illary  artery,  A.  palato-labial — 
(Ch.)  is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which 
rises  beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes 
the  inferior  palatal,  submental,  superior  labial, 
inferior  labial,  and  dorsalie  nan. 

Facial  Link,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Nerve,  Portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair, 
Ramus  du'rior  sep'timat  conjugatio'nie,  Sympa- 
thet'icue  minor,  Respiratory  nerve  of  the  face, 
Par  sep'timum  rive  facia' U,  Commu'nicans  faciei 
nervue.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  oorpora  olivaria,  and  by  the  side 
of  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cranium 
by  the  meatus  auditorius  intcrnus;  enters  the 
aqueduct  of  Follopius ;  receives  a  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve;  forms  a  gangliform  swelling — Intu- 
mescen'tia  gangliform' is ; — sends  off  filaments  to 
the  internal  muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes ; 
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that 
called  Chorda  Tympani;  makes  its  exit  at  the 
foramen  stylo-mastoideum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches — the  temporo-facial,  and  cenrico-facial. 
On  the  face  it  is  termed,  Pee  aneeri'nus,  Plexus 
nervorum  anserVnus.    See  Portio  Wrisbergii. 

Facial  Vein,  Pal'ato-labial — (Ch.,)  arises  bo- 
tween  the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  V.  Frontalis,  (F.)  Veine  frontaU  on 
V.  Priparate.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Angula'ris  ;  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliquely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 


jugular,  alter  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  facial  artery.  It  is 
only  in  the  latter  part  of  it!  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein,  Chaussier  calls  the  external 
carotid  artery,  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  '  making,'  from  facie,  'I 
make'  A  suffix,  as  in  Oalefacient,  Rubefacient, 
Ac,  'warm  making,'  'red  making/ 

FACIES,  Face  — f.  Cadaveric*,  see  Face  — f. 
Concava  pedis,  Sole — f.  Hippocratica,  see  Face— 
f.  Inferior  pedis,  Sole— t  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FACTICE,  Factitious. 

FACTITIOUS,  Factif'ius,  (F.)  Factice,  from 
facere,  'to  make.'  Artificial.  That  which  is 
made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural  or 
found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we  say, 
factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mineral 
waters. 

FACULTA8,  Faculty— f.  Anctrix,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Formatrix,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Nutrix,  Plastic 
force— L  Vegetativa,  Plastic  force— f.  Zotiea,  Vis 
vitalis. 

FACULTATES  NAT UR ALES,  see  Function. 

FACULTY,  Facultae,  Dy'namis,  Power,  Vir- 
tue. The  power  of  executing  any  function  or  act. 
The  collection  of  the  intellectual  faculties  consti- 
tutes the  understanding.  We  say,  also,  vital  fa- 
culties for  vital  properties,  Ac. 

FJ2CAL,  Stercoraoeous — f.  Retention,  Consti- 
pation. 

FJ5CES,  Plural  of  Feex;  Feces,  Chersa,  'the 
dregs  of  any  thing.'  Fec'ulence,  (F.)  Feces.  The 
alvine  evacuations  are  so  called ;  (F.)  Garderobes; 
the  excrements,  lmpurita'tes  alvina,  Facal  mat- 
ter.   See  Excrement. 

FiKCES  Iitourat,s,  Scybala. 

F^BCOSITAS,  Feculence. 

FJSCULA,  Fecula. 

F-fiCULENTIA,  Feculence. 

F^SCUNDATIO,  Fecundatio. 

F-ffiCUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

F  J2X,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Elaph'rium  tomen- 
to' sum,  Am'yris  tomento'sum,  from  fagus,  'the 
beech/  which  it  resembles.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant,  which  affords  Tacamaha'ca,  a  resi- 
nous substanoe,  that  exudes  from  the  tree  Taca- 
mahaca,  which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful  8m ell, 
was  formerly  in  high  estimation,  as  an  ingredient 
in  warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and  was  given  in- 
ternally, like  the  balsams  generally.  The  East 
India  Tacamahac,  Bal'samum  Vir'idi,  O'leum 
Mar'ia,  Bal'samum  Cal'aba,  BaUamum  mariaf, 
Baume  vert,  is  yielded  by  Calophyl'lum  inophyV- 
lum  seu  Bahama' ria  InophyVlum, 
.  The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ulus  baleamif'era  sen  tacama- 
ha'ca, which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  Ame- 
rica and  Siberia. 

FAOARA  Piperi'tA,  (F.)  Fagarier  poivri ;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is,  also, 
employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARAS'TRUM  CAPEN'SE.  Nat.  Ord, 
Xanthoxyleaa.  A  South  African  plant,  the  fruit 
of  which  is  known  to  the  Colonists  as  wild  Car- 
damom; and,  on  account  of  its  aromatic  quali- 
ties, is  prescribed  in  flatulency  and  paralysis. 

FAGARIER  P0IVR&,  Fagara  octandria. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

FAGUS,  F.  sylvatica, 

Fagub  Casta'jcea.  The  systematic  name  oi 
the  Chestnut  Tree;  Casta' nea,  C.  vulga'ris,  Cos 
ta'nea  vesca,  Lo'pima,  Mdta,  Glans  Jovis  Thjeo- 
PHRAATI,  Ju'piters  Acorn,  Sardin'ian  Acorn;  the 
Common  Chestnut,  (F.)  Chatagnier  commun.  Fa* 
mily,  Amentace®.    Sex,  Syst,  Monoecia  Polyan- 


FAIBLESSE 


*68' 


FALSIFICATION 


tfria.  The  Chestnut,  Castafnsa  nux,  (F.)  Cka- 
taigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  bat  not  easy 
of  digestion. 

Fagub  Castaxea  Pu'mtla.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Pumila,  (F.)  Chataignitr 
nain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is  eaten 
like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  has  been  used  in  intermittents. 

Faous  Purpurea,  F.  sylvatioa. 

Fagus  Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fague,  F.  sylvee'tris  seu  purpu'rea, 
Oxyaf  Balan'da,  Valan'ida;  the  Beech  Tree, 
(F.)  Metre.  The  Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast,  (F.) 
Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  expression,  which  is  of 
a  palatable  character,  and  is  eaten  in  some  places 
instead  of  butter.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
•  good  vermifuge,  but  H  is  no  better  than  any 
mild  oil. 

Faous  Stlvestris,  F.  Sylvatica. 

FAIBLESSE,  Debility. 

FAIM,  Hunger — /.  Canine,  Boulimia — /.  de 
Loup,  Fames  lupina. 
.     FAINE,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

FAINTING,  Syncope. 

FAINTING-FIT,  Syncope. 

FAINTISHNESS,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTNESS,  Languor,  Syncope. 

FAIRBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  at  this  place,  whieh  is  in  the 
county  of  Ross,  in  Scotland,  are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

FAISCEAU,  Fasciculus—/.  Intemtdiairt  de 
Wrisberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii  — /.  Petit,  Fasoi- 
eulus. 

FALCADINA,  Scherlievo. 

FAL'CIFORM,  Falcifor'mis,  DrepanoVdes, 
from  falx,  l  a  scythe,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  Having 
the  shape  of  a  scythe.  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  different  parts.    See  Falx,  and  Sinus. 

Falciform  Expansion  op  the  Fascia  Lata 
is  the  scythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  forms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  opening 
for  tho  vena  saphena,  and  is  attached  to  the 
crural  arch  by  its  superior  extremity,  forming 
the  anterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same  name. 

FALLAGIA,  Hallucination. 

Fallacia  Optica.    An  optic  illusion. 


FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FALLTRANCK,Faltranok(G.),  literally, 
a  drink  against  fall*.  A  vulnerary.  It  is  a 
mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent plants,  which  grow  chiefly  in  the  Swiss 
Alps,  and  hence  the  name—  Vulnirairc  Suiste 
given  to  such  dried  plants  out  into  fragments. 
They  are  called,  also,  Espicee  Vulnsraircs,  and 
ThS  Suiste.  Within  the  present  century,  in  Eng- 
land, a  kind  of  vulnerary  beer  was  often  pre- 
scribed, in  country  practice,  in  all  cases  of  in- 
ward bruises.  It  bore  the  name  Cerevis'ia  nigra, 
or  black  beer,  and  was  formed  by  infusing  certain 
reputed  vulnerary  herbs  in  beer  or  ale. 

The  infusion  of  the  Falkranck  is  aromatic,  and 
slightly  agreeable,  but  of  no  use  in  the  cases  for 
which  it  has  been  particularly  recommended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  Pensanoe:  and,  like  it,  is  in  many  re- 
spects, a  favourable  retreat  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  VIA,  False  passage. 

FALSE,  FaUu*,Nothus,Peeudo,  Spu'rioue,  Bas- 
tard, (F.)  Faux,  Fausse.  This  epithet  has  been 
frequently  added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  Ac, 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  lest 
severe.  Most  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 

False  Passage,  FalsaVia,  (F.)Fau»»eBoute. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Waters,  HydraUan'tl,  Fait  Delivery. 
Water,  whieh  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  discharged 
before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also,  False  Bibs,  False  Bhubarb,  Ac. 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICATION,  AduUera'tio,  from  falsus, 
'false/  Bud/acere,  *  to  make/  A  fraudulent  imi- 
tation or  alteration  of.  an  aliment  or  medicine  by 
different  admixtures.  Manga'nium,  Manganisa'- 
tio.  It  is  synonymous  with  adulteration  and 
sophistication. 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  Ac. 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Acacub  Gummi. 


ACETUH 
TUK. 


ACIDUM 
CUM. 


Desttlla- 


MURIATI- 


■  NlTRICUM. 


Oum  Senegal.' 


{G.  S. 
perf 
limj 


BULPHDRI- 


cua*. 


-  ClTBICUK. 


is  clammy  and  tenacious.    The  A.  G.  is 
rfeetly  soluble  in  water,  and  its  solution 
.  v     iimpid. 

Sulphuric  Acid. Acetate  of  barytes  causes  a  white  precipitate. 

Nitric  Acid I  **y  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when 

1      thrown  on  burning  charcoal. 

£»_  I  Supersaturate  with  ammonia — a  blue  colour  is 

^VP^ |     produced. 

Lead Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate. 

'  '  Depositee  by  evaporation  the  salts  it  may  con- 

tain; precipitates  with  solution  of  hydroehlo- 
rate  of  baryta  if  it  contains  sulphuric  add. 
The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indicated  by  a  preci- 
pitate with  nitrate  of  silver :  that  of  sulphuric 
acid  by  the  same  result  with  hydrochlorate  of 
x     baryta. 

'  The  presence  of  muriatic  and  nitric  add  is  indi- 
cated by  the  smell,  when  the  add  tested  U 
strongly  heated. 
Their  presence  is  indicated  by  forming  a  granu- 
lar sediment  in  a  concentrated  solution  of  ■ 
neutral  salt  of  potassa. 


Sulphuric  Acid.* 


Muriatic  and  Sulphuric 
Acids. 


Muriatic 
Acids. 

Tartaric 
Acids. 


and      Nitric 


and      Oxalic 


L 


/ 


TALSmCATXOV 


sw 


*ALSIFICATIOsT 


MlDlCIHlS. 


Adulterations. 


Mora  «V  DlTHCTIOlT. 


itTDB    ReOTOTCA- 
TUB. 

Aqua  Amomm. 
Ahmokijb      Carro- 

HAS. 


7Vh>  oH'fcfe.  The  S.  G.  detects  this. 

Sulphur*  Aeid By  acetate  of  baryta.    Precipitate  white. 


Alcohol. 


Carbonic  Acid  • 


Amxostiaoux.. 


Amfomi  Sulphurb- 

VT7K. 


AMnrrx  NintASi 


Abbshicuic  Album. 

Balbavuv  Pbbutt- 
anuy. 

Capsicum. 
Cayenne  Pepper. 


Castombuk. 
Conor. 


Obtra  Plata. 
Yellow  Wax. 


C«ra  Alba. 
If  Ufa  Few. 

Oikchona. 


'  With  phosphorus  a  milky  instead  of  limpid  solo 
tion  is  formed. 

'A  precipitation  occurs  en  adding  a  solution  of 
muriate  of  lime. 

It  should  he  capable  of  complete  volatilisation 

v     hy  heat. 

'  The  Outke  Ammoniaci  are  white,  dear,  and  dry. 

The  lump  Ammoniac**,  lapis  Ammoniac*,  is  often 
adulterated  with  common  resin. 

It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilised  by  a  red  heat 
Lead.  Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporizable. 

a  f  A  smell  of  garlic  is  emitted  when  thrown  on  lire 

^     ooals,  Ac 
t  Manganese  and  Iron.  Are  not  vaporiaable. 

''The  solution  assumes  a  blue  colour,  when  super- 
saturated with  ammonia.  It  may  be  suspected 
when  the  salt  deliquesces. 

'The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily 
recognised  by  the  fracture  of  a  stick  of  it,  which 
is  radiated  when  pure,  and  granular  if  adulte- 
rated; or  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  the 
salts  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  muriatio  acid, 
and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the  nitrate 
of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain. 

Not  volatizable  by  heat 


Copper, 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Chalk,  Sulphate  of  Lime, 

Sulphate  of  Baryta. 
'A  mixture  of  Resin  and 

some  Volatile  Oil,  with  •  Not  easily  deteoted. 
Benzoin.  ( 

Chloride  of  Sodium This  disposes  it  to  deliquesce. 

(  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sul 

Red  Lead •      phuret  of  ammonia  —  a  dark-coloured  preoipi- 

.  (     tate  will  be  produced. 

*  A  mixture  of  dried  blood, 
gum  ammoniac,  and  a 
little  real  castor,  etuffed 
into  the  scrotum  of  a 
goaU 

Earth  or  Peaemeal 


Resin. 


Tallow 


Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 


Coccus. 
GochineaL 


Colomba. 


May  be  suspected  when  the  cake  is  brittle  and 

colour  grayish. 
'  Put  it  in  cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  the 

resin,  without  acting  on  the  wax. 
'  Is  known  by  the  greater  softness  and  unctuosity, 
and  its  smell  when  melted.    Turmeric  is  gene- 
rally added  in  this  ease  to  obviate  the  pal< 

White  Lead Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 

Tallow  The  cake  has  not  its  ordinary  translucency. 

Thie  is  variously  adulte- 
rated, but  generally  with 
the     Carthagena     and 
other  inferior  barks. 
Pieces  of  dough  formed 

Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear. 


Copaiba. 
Balsam  of  Oopai* 


Crocus. 
Saffron. 


Can  only  be  detected  by  practice,  and  examining 
into  the  quantity  of  quinia  or  cinchonia  it 
contains. 


in  moulds,  and  coloured 
with  cochineaL 


Fibres  of  smoked  Beef 
Petals 


The  true  is  distinguishable  from  the  false  Colomba 
by  adding  to  an  infusion  of  the  root,  a  few  drops 
of  solution  of  sulph.  iron,  which  gives  to  the 
infusion  of  the  false  Colomba  a  greenish  black 
colour ;  but  produces  no  change  in  the  other. 

If  it  does  not  retain  its  spherical  form  when  dropped 
into  water,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 

Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  of  22°, 
with  three  parts  of  copaiba.  If  pure,  the  mix- 
ture will,  in  a  few  minutes,  become  transparent; 
if  not,  it  will  remain  opake* 

Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when  thrown  on 
live  coals. 


^^w-S^J^I^ft""  *•  n*cii»<m  in  hot  water,  and  the  dftV 
*!^S^1  ****•-(     rence  will  be  perceptible.  j 


mus  Tinctoriue. 


FALSIFICATION 


S60 


•FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


ADULTERATIONS. 


Mora  of  Detection. 


CuBEBA. 
Cubebs. 

Cu8PARLB   CORTEX. 

Angustura  Bark. 

Guaiaci  Resina. 
Resin  of  Quaiacum. 


Htdrargyri  Cblo- 

bidum  Mite. 
Calomel. 


Htdrargtri     Oxi- 

DUlf    RUBRUM. 

Bed  Precipitate. 

Htdrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum rubrum 

Htdrarqtri    Sul- 
phuretum  Nigrum. 

IODDOL 

Jalaps  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 

Magnesia, 


Maonbbije  Suboar- 

BONAfl. 

Carbonate  of  Magne- 
tic 


Maxha. 


Morphia  st  ejus 

Sales. 
Morphia     and     it* 

Salt*.   N 


MOSCHUS. 

Musk. 


Olea  Desttllata. 
Essential  Oils. 

Olettv  Rictni. 
Castor  Oil. 


False    Angustura    some- 
times sold  for  it. 


Plumbago,  Charcoal,  and 
Oxide  of  Manganese, 

'  Bryony  Boot,  spurious  or 
false  Jalap  Boot,  and 
Liquorice  Boot. 

Lime 


Turkey    Yellow  Berries,  ( 
or  the  dried  fruit  of  the  <  Deteoted  by  attentive  examination. 
Bhamnus  Catharticus.    ( 

The  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  character- 
ized by  being  covered  with  a  matter  resembling 
the  rust  of  iron. 

Common  Resin I  Detected  by  the  turpentine  smell  emitted  when 

thrown  upon  hot  coals. 

Add  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre, 
Manchineel  Gum «!  and  dilute  with  water ;  the  guaicum  is  precipi- 
tated— the  adulteration  floats  in  the  white  strise. 
A  precipitation  will  be  produced  by  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the 
suspected  sample  with  a  small  portion  of  mu- 
riate of  ammonia  in  distilled  water;  or,  the 
presence  of  deuto-chloride  of  mercury  is  indi- 
cated, by  warming  gently  a  small  quantity  of 
calomel  in  alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  the 
clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  red- 
dish yellow  precipitate  is  afforded.  When 
calomel  is  rubbed  with  a  fixed  alkali,  it  ought 
to  become  intensely  black,  and  not  exhibit  any 
orange  hue. 
:  Digest  in  acetic  acid :  add  sulphuret  of  ammoi 
which  will  produce  a  dark  coloured  precipitate. 
It  should  be  totally  volatilized  by  heat. 


Corrosive  Sublimate,  and 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth. 


Bed  Lead  • 
Red  Lead . 


Ivory  Black  . 


Sulphuret  of  Lime  . 
Chalk 


Gypsum 

A  factitious  article,  con- 
sisting of  honey  or 
sugar,  mixed  toith  scam- 
mony,  is  sometimes  sold 
for  it. 


Dried  Blood 

Asphaltum 

_  Fine  particles  of  Lead . . 
Fixed  Oils 

Alcohol 

Olive  or  Almond  or  Pop* 
py  Oil. 


Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  am 
monjg — a  black  precipitate  will  be  produced. 

Throw  a  suspected  portion  on  hot  coals — the  re- 
siduum will  detect  the  fraud. 

:  The  tests  of  its  purity  are  —  that  it  is  perfectly 
soluble  in  ether.   Heated  on  apiece  of  glass  or 

s     porcelain,  it  sublimes  without  residuum. 

'  Bryony  root  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact 
texture,  and  does  not  easily  burn  at  the  flame 
of  a  candle.  Liquorice  is  detected  by  the  taste. 
Detected  by  the  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid 
affording  a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia. 
Gives  off  when  moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen. 

'  Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the 
suspected  substance,  when,  if  chalk  be  present, 
there  will  be  a  white  insoluble  precipitate. 
Boil  in  distilled  water,  and  test  the  solution  by  a 
barytic  and  oxalic  reagent 

The  oolour,  weight,  transparency  and  taste  detect 
iu 

'Morphia  and  its  salts,  when  placed  in  contact 
with  nitric  acid,  are  coloured  red  j  with  per- 
salts  of  iron,  blue.  They  are  perfectly  soluble 
in  warm  alcohol,  and  acidulated  warm  water. 
When  morphia  is  mixed  with  narcotina,  the 
adulteration  is  ascertained  by  mixing  them  with 
sulphuric  ether,  which  dissolves  the  narcotina, 
.      without  sensibly  affecting  the  morphia. 

The  bag  must  not  appear  to  have  been  opened. 

This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke 
when  inflamed. 

Discovered  by  its  melting  and  running,  before  it 
inflames. 
^  Rub  with  water.  The  metallic  particles  will  subside. 

Touch  writing  paper  with  it,  and  hold  it  before 
the  fire :  fixed  oil  leaves  a  stain  of  grease. 

Add  water.  A  milkiness  and  increase  of  tempe- 
rature occurs. 

'Alcohol  S.  G.  -820  will  mix  with  any  proportion 
of  castor  oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of 
the  others. 


PALTRANCK 


Ml 


FABCTTJBA 


Medicines. 

ASTTLTERATIOirS. 

Mora  or  Detection. 

Ofiuic. 

pota88h  iodiduy. 
Iodide  of  Potassium. ' 

Qunvijn  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Strychnia  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Strychnia    and    it* ' 

Salt: 

ZlHCI  OXTDUH. 
Flower 8  of  Zinc 

'  Extract     of     Liquorice, 
Bullet*     and     Stones 
sometimes  in  it;    Ex- 
tract of  Poppy,  of  Che- 
lidonium    ma  jus;      0. " 
Arabic,  0.  Tragdcanth, 
Linseed      Oil,      Govt* 

Chlorides    of  Potassium 
and  Sodium,  Nitrate  of- 
Potassa. 

i 

The  best  opium  is  covered  with  leaves  and  the 
reddish  capsules  of  a  species  of  Itumex.    The 
inferior  kinds  have  capsules  adherent.  It  is  bad 
when  soil  and  friable,  when  intensely  black  or 
mixed  with  many  impurities,  and  when  sweet 
The  quantity  of  morphia  affords  the  best  test 

*  The  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
treating  the  precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
dissolves  the  chloride  of  silver,  without  acting 
upon  the  iodide  of  this  metal. 

'  Leaves  no  residue  when  submitted  to  calcination : 
is  perfectly  soluble  in  warm  alcohol,  and  in 
water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid. 

They  are  free  from  brucia  when  no  colour  is  pro- 
duced by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 
Sulphuric  acid  forms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lead 

» 

Chalk 

White  Lead 

FALTRANCK,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
several  membranous  reflections  having  the  shape 
of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Faux  du  cervelet,  Falx 
minor,  Septum  mSdian  du  cervelet  (Ch.,)  Septum 
Cerebel'li,  Processus  falcif or1  mis  Cerebel'li,  Sep- 
tum Parvum  occipita'li,  is  a  triangular  process 
of  the  dura  mater  opposite  the  internal  occipital 
protuberance.  Its  base  is  attached  to  the  middle 
of  the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex  bifurcates, 
to  proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  foramen  magnum. 
Its  convex  surface  is  towards  the  cranium,  and 
its  concave  in  the  fissure  or  groove,  which  sepa- 
rates the  two  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  Septum  Cerebri,  Falx  major, 
Vertical  supe'rior  longitu' dinal  proc"ess,  Media- 
sti'num  cerebri,  (F.)  Faux  du  cerveau,  Repli  longi- 
tudinal de  la  meninge,  (Ch.,)  Proces'sus  falcifor- 
mis  dura  matris.  The  greatest  process  of  the 
dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to  the  hind 
part  of  the  Bkull,  on  the  median  line ;  is  broad 
behind,  and  narrow  before,  and  is  lodged  in  the 
groove  which  separates  the  hemispheres  from 
each  other — the  interlobular  fissure.  At  its  supe- 
rior part  is  situated  the  longitudinal  sinus  (supe- 
rior,) and  at  its  lower,  corresponding  to  the  edge 
of  the  scythe,  the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  attached  to  the  crista  galli; 
its  posterior  is  continuous  with  the  tentorium  ce- 
rebelli,  and  contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri— t  Minor,  Falx 
oerebelli. 

Falx  of  the  Peritonei*,  Great,  Falx  peri- 
tone'i  max'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  piritoine, 
Faux  de  la  Veine  Ombilicale,  Falx  of  the  umbi- 
lical vein,  is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
ascends  from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and 
inferior  surface  of  the  liver. 

Falceb  of  the  Peritowe'um,  Lesser,  Falces 
Peritone'i  min'ima,  (F.)  Petitesfaux  dupfritoine, 
are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and  the  re- 
flections which  the  peritoneum  forms,  raised  up 
by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falt  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 

FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  from  fames,  'hunger.' 
Fever  accompanied  with  insatiable  hunger. — 
Sylvius. 

FAMELICUS,  Hungry. 


FAMES,  Hunger  — f.  Bovina,  Boulimia  —  t 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Faxes  Lupi'na,  Lycorex'is,  (F.)  Faim  de  Loup, 
Authors  have  described,  under  this  name,  a  kind 
of  boulimia,  or  depravation  of  the  digestive  func- 
tion, in  which  the  patient  eats  voraciously,  and 
passes  his  food,  almost  immediately  afterwards, 
per  anum. 

FAMEX,  Contusio. 

FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAS'TRTJM, 
from  fama,  *  fame/  and  gero, '  I  wear.'  A  plaster, 
extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic,  irritating 
substances.     It  wss  applied  to  the  wrist 

FAMILIARICA  SELLA,  Close  stooL 

FAMILY  DISEASES,  see  Hereditary. 

FAMIS,  Contusio. 

FAMIX,  Contusio. 

FANCULUM,  Anethum. 

FANCY  MARK,  Nasvus. 

FANG,  Radix. 

FANON{Y.)  from  (G.)  Fahne,  'a  banner/ 
'ensign/  'standard.'  Fer'ula,  Lee1  talus  stra- 
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  etramin'eue.  A  splint  of  a 
particular  shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  the 
thigh  and  leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact 

The  Fanons  were  divided  into  true  and/aZts. 

The  true  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  straw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the  frac- 
tured limb  and  the  true /anon.  The  Drap-fanon 
is  a  large  piece  of  common  cloth  placed  between 
the  fractured  limb,  in  which  the  fanons  or  lateral 
splints  are  rolled. 

FANTOM,  Phantom,  from  f+rraepa,  'a  spectre.' 
(F.)  Phanttime,  Fantdme,  Mannequin,  Man'nekin. 
This  word  has  two  acceptations.  It  means  the 
spectres  and  images  which  the  imagination  pre- 
sents to  the  sick,  when  asleep  or  awake ;  and, 
also,  the  figure  on  which  surgeons  practise  the 
application  of  bandages,  or  the  accoucheur  the 
manual  part  of  midwifery, — Phanto'ma  obsteU 
ric"ium. 

FARCIMINALIS  MEMBRANA  seu  TU- 
NICA, Allantois. 

FARCINOMA,  Equinia. 

FARCTU'RA,  Fartu'ra;  from  fareire,  't* 
stuff.'    The  operation  of  introducing  medioinaj 


FABOTUS 


m 


FASCIA 


substances  Into  the  cavities  of  animals  or  of 
fruits,  which  have  been  previously  emptied. 

FARCTUS,  Emphrazis. 

FARCY  GLANDERS,  see  Equinia, 

FARD,  Paint 

FARDEAU,  Mole. 

FARFARA,  Tussilago— I  Beohium,  Tussilago. 

FARI'NA,  Al'phiton,  Crimnon,  Al'eton,  Aleu'- 
ron,  AW  ma,  from  far, '  corn/  of  which  it  is  made. 
Meal  or  flour.  The  powder,  obtained  by  grind- 
ing the  Beeds  of  the  gramineous,  leguminous,  and 
cucurbitaceous  plants  in  particular.  It  is  highly 
nutritious,  and  is  much  used,  dietetically  as  well 
as  medicinally. 

Leath's  Alimen'tary  Fari'na,  or  Homaepath'ic 
Farina' ceous  Food,  is  said  to  consist  principally 
of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  together  with  potato  flour  and  a  very 
small  quantity  of  Indian  corn  meal  and  tapioca. 

Farina  Amygdalabum,  see  Amygdala. 

Farina,  Compounded,  Baster's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  wheat  flour,  sweetened  with  sugar. 

Farina,  Nutritious,  Maidvan's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  potato  flour,  artificially  coloured  of  a 
pink  or  rosy  hue,  the  colouring  matter  being  pro- 
bably rose  pink. 

Farina  Trit'ict,  wheaten  flour;  F.  Seca'lis, 
Rye  flour  or  meal;  F.  Hordei,  Barley  meal;  F. 
Avena'cea,  Oat  meal,  Ac.     See  Amylum. 

Farina  Rbsolvent'es,  (F.)  Farinee  Resolu- 
tive*. This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture  of  the  farina  of  four  different  plants ;  the 
lupine,  Lupinue  albus,  the  Ervum  Ervilia,  the 
Viciafaba,  and  the  Barley,  Hordewn  distichum. 
They  were  recommended  to  form  cataplasms. 

FARINA' CEOUS,  Farina'ceus,  Farino'sue, 
(F.)  Farineux,  Mealy.  Having  the  appearance 
or  nature  of  farina,  A  term  given  to  all  articles 
of  food  which  contain  farina.  The  term  Farina- 
eea  includes  all  those  substances,  called  cerealia, 
legumina,  Ac.,  which  contain  farina,  and  are  em- 
ployed as  nutriment 

Hard'*  farinaceous  food  is  fine  wheat  flour, 
which  has  been  subjected  to  some  heating  process. 
Braden's  farinaceous  food  is  said  to  be  wheat 
flour,  baked. 

In  Pathology,  the  epithet  fart naceous,  (F.)  fa- 
rineux, is  applied  to  certain  eruptions,  in  which 
the  epidermis  exfoliates  in  small  partioles  similar 
to  farina. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Braden's,  see  Farina- 
•eous — f.  Food,  Hard's,  see  Farinaceous — t  Food, 
Homoeopathic,  see  Farinaceous. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Plumbe's,  is  said  to  con- 
sist principally  of  bean  or  pea  flour,  most  pro- 
bably the  former,  with  a  little  Tacca  arrowroot, 
some  potato  flour,  and  a  very  little  Maranta 
arrowroot 

Farinaceous  Food,  Prince  Albert's,  "for 
infants  and  invalids  of  all  ages,"  is  said  to  con- 
sist entirely  of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked. 

FARINARIUM,  Alice, 

FARINES  RiSOLUTIVES,  Farm*  resol- 
renies. 

FARTNEUX,  Farinaceous. 

FARIN08US,  Farinaceous. 

FARRIER,  Hippiater. 

FART,  Sax.  jTanC,  from  Teut  fahren,  'to  go :' 
—fart, 'a voyage.'  (Gk)  Furs.  Bdcllue,  Bdolue, 
Bdelyg*mia,  Bdelyg'mms,  Porda,  Physa,  Physi, 
Flatus,  Crep'itus,  (F.)  Pet.  A  sonorous  or  other 
etoeharge  of  wind  from  behind*  A  low  word, 
bat  of  respectable  parentage. 

FARTURA,  Farctura. 

FARTUS,  Emphraxis. 

FAS'CIA.  from  faseis,  «a  bundle.'  Liga'tio, 
Ugatotra,  AUigatu'rai  Anodes' mus,  Vin'cula, 
Sjargamon,  BpideM'nos,  Vinetu'ra.    A  bandage, 


fillet,  roller,  ligature.  The  aponeurotic  expan- 
sions of  muscles,  which  bind  parts  together,  are, 
likewise,  termed  Fasciae:  —  Aponeuroses,  Peru 
mys'ia.    Bee,  also,  Taenia. 

Fascia  Aponeurotic  a  Femoris,  Fascia  lata 
aponeurosis  —  f.  Capitalis,  Bonnet  d 'Hippocrate, 
Gapelina — f.  Capitis,  Diadema — f.  Cooperi,  F. 
Transversalis. 

Fascia,  Crib'riforjt,  Fascia  Cribrifor'mU. 
The  sieve-like  portion  of  the  fascia  lata  ,*  so  called 
from  its  being  pierced  by  numerous  openings  for 
the  passage  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

Fascia  Denta'ta,  Corps  godronni  of  Vioq 
d'Asyr.  A  band  of  gray  matter  seen  beneath 
the  taenia  hippocampi  on  raising  it  up,  which 
runs  along  the  inner  border  of  the  cornu  ammoni*. 
It  is,  as  it  were,  crenated  by  transverse  furrows. 

Fascia  Digitalis,  Ganulet — f.  Diophthalmioa, 
Binooukw- — f.  Dividens,  Dividing  bandage — f. 
Heliodori,  T  bandage. 

Fascia  Ili'aca,  IViae  aponeuro'sie.  An  apo- 
neurosis which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium,  below, 
and  anteriorly — on  one  side,  to  the  crural  arch, 
sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia  transversalis ; 
and  on  the  other,  continuous  with  the  deep- 
seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata,  which  forms  the 
posterior  paries  of  the  crural  canaL  Within  and 
behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is  attached  to  the  brim 
of  the  pelviB,  and  is  continuous  with  the  aponeu- 
rosis, which  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  called  Pelvian. 
The  iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the  iliac  and  psoas 
muscles,  which  it  separates  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Inouinalis,  Spioa, 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Aponeurosis,  Fascia  aponeu- 
rofica  fem'oris,  Vagi'na  fem'oris,  Crural  or 
Fetn'oral  Aponeurosis,  is  the  most  extensive  in 
the  body,  and  envelopes  all  the  muscles  of  the 
thigh.  Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  outer  edge  of 
the  ilia;  before,  it  arises  from  the  crural  arch  by 
two  distinct  laminae,  separated  by  the  femoral 
vessels,  and  becoming  confounded  a  little  below 
the  part  where  the  great  vena  saphsena  opens 
into  the  crural  vein.  Of  these  two  laminae,  the 
one  is  more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other, 
and  may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  It  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Poupart's  ligament  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated, 
and,  after  its  union  with  the  former,  proceeds  to 
be  inserted  into  the  pubis.  Inferiorly,  the  fascia 
lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external  tuberosity 
of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia  lata,  like  that 
of  other  aponeuroses,  is  to  strengthen  the  action 
of  the  muscles,  Ac. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi'na  fem'o- 
ris,  Fascia' lis,  Membrano'sus,  Mus' cuius  aponiuro*- 
sis  ve\  fascia  lata,  Mus' cuius  fern' oris  membrano'- 
sue,  (F.)  llio-avonfvrosi-fimoral,  Ilio-apone'croti- 
femoral — (Ch.),  Tenseur  de  rapontvroseff  morale, 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  and  outer  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  arises,  above,  from  the  outer  part 
of  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of  the  ilium ; 
and  is  inserted,  below,  between  the  two  laminae 
of  the  fascia  lata,  which  it  stretches  and  raises 
when  it  contracts. 

Fascia,  Obturator,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses— 
f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — £ 
Pelvic,  Lateral,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — f.  Pel- 
vic, Superior,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses. 

Fascia  Pro'pria.    A  layer  of  areolar  ' 
derived  from  the  sheath  of  the  femoral  v« 


FASCLB 


ill 


FATTY 


or  according  to  some  from  the  cribriform  fascia. 
It  is  one  of  the  coverings  of  femoral  hernia,  and 
is  generally  pretty  denee  about  the  neck  of  the 
hernia ;  but  thin  or  even  wanting  on  its  fundus. 

Fascia.  Rbpkks,  Spica — f.  Scapularis,  Soapu- 
lary — f.  Sculteti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips — f. 
Semicircularis,  Taenia  semicircnlaris — f.  Spiralis, 
Ascia — f.  Stellate,  Stella — f.  Submuscular,  see 
Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia,  Subperitoneal,  Subperitoneal  apo- 
neurosis. A  thin  tendinous  layer  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Supkrficia'lis,  Superficial  aponeuro'- 
sis  of  the  abdomen  and  thigh,  (F.)  Aponivrose  «u- 
perficielle  de  ? abdomen  et  de  la  cuisse.  A  very 
thin  aponeurosis,  which  covers  the  muscles  and 
aponeuroses  of  the  abdomen ;  passes  before  the 
crural  arch,  to  which  it  adheres  with  some  degree 
of  force;  sends  a  membranous  sheath,  whioh  sur- 
rounds the  spermatic  cord;  and  is  continuous 
with  the  dartos,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  The 
fascia  superficialis  presents,  beneath  the  crural 
arch,  very  distinct  fibres,  whose  direction  is  pa- 
rallel to  the  fold  of  the  thigh.  It  is  applied  over 
the  fascia  lata  aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  inter- 
nally, to  the  ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near 
the  root  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  Before  the 
descent  of  the  testicle  from  the  abdomen,  the 
fascia  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous 
with  the  Qubemaculum  testis. 

Fascia  Tformis,  T  bandage— f.  Tortilis,  Tour- 
niquet 

Fascia  Traksversa'lis,  F.  Coopsri.  An  apo- 
neurosis, whioh  separates  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle from  the  peritoneum  in  the  inguinal  region. 
It  arises  above  the  posterior  edge  of  the  crural 
arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle.  Above, 
it  is  lost  in  the  areolar  tissue  at  the  internal  sur- 
face of  the  transversalis  abdominis.  Within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  tendon  of 
the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimbernat's  ligament ;  be- 
low, it  is  continuous  with  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique,  and  receives  an  expansion  from 
the  Fascia  Iliaca.  Towards  its  middle  and  a  little 
above  the  crural  arch,  the  fascia  transversalis  has 
the  wide  orifice  of  a  canal,  which  is  occupied,  in 
the  female,  by  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus ; 
and,  in  man,  furnishes  an  expansion,  that  serves 
as  a  sheath  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

FASCLfi,  Swathing  clothes— f.  Ligamentosss 
Coli,  see  Colon. 

FASCIALIS,  Fascia  lata  muscle,  Sartorius— f. 
Longos,  Sartorius — f.  Sutorius,  Sartorius. 

FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 

FASCIATIO,  Delegation,  see  Bandage— t  Cu- 
•eullata,  Couvreehef 

FASCICULI  INNOMINA'TI.  Two  large 
bundles  of  fibres  in  the  interior  of  the  medulla 
oblongata,  behind  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  more 
or  less  apparent  between  those  bodies  and  the 
corpora  restiformia.  They  ascend,  and  become 
apparent  in  the  fourth  ventricle,  under  the  name 
Fascic'uli  seu  Proces'sus  ter'ete*. 

Fasciculi,  Media*  Posterior,  or  the  Me- 
dulla Oblongata,  Funiculi  graoiles — f.  Muscu- 
lorum, see  Muscular  fibre — f.  Pyramidales,  Fer- 
rein,  pyramids  of — f.  Teretes,  Processus  teretes, 
see  Fasciculi  innominati — £  Teretes  Cordis,  Co- 
lumned carnese. 

FASCICULUS,  Phacel'lus,  Pha'eelue,  Fa**- 
cicle,  from  faseis,  'a  bundle;'  Desme'dion,  'a 
email  bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it  is  employed  in 
this  sense ;  as  **  a  fasciculi*  of  fibre*.**  (F.)  Pais- 
*eau  ou  Petti  Faiscean,  Trousseau.  In  Phar- 
macy, it  means  tnanip'ulus,  Cheirople'thes,  gupo- 
whsShn,  'a  handful :' — Musa  Brassavolus  says, — 
aw  much  as  can  be  held  in  two  fingers. 


Fasciculus  Cuneatus,  Reinforcement,  fascicu- 
lus of— f.  of  Reinforcement)  Reinforcement,  F.  of. 

FASCINOSUS,  Membrosus. 

FASCINUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  BandeleUe—t  Cinerea,  Tubercu- 
lum  einereum — f.  Hepatica,  Distoma  hepaticum 
— f.  Humana,  Distoma  hepatieum — f.  Lanceolate, 
Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatis  tedium. 
Fastidiousness,  Squeamishness,  or  the  condition 
of  a  stomach  that  is  readily  affected  with  nausea. 

Fasttdium  Cibi,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

FASTIGIUM,  Acme. 

FASTING,  from  Sax.  pcrtan,  Limo'sis  e*per* 
protracfta,  Anorexia  mirab'ilis,  Ine*dia,  Jeju'- 
mum.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,  without  any 
other  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach ;  so  that 
the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  abstinence 
for  a  long  time  without  faintness.  Some  won- 
derful cases  of  this  kind  are  on  record.  See  Ab- 
stinence. 

FAT,  Pinaue'do,  Pim'eU,  Piar,  Piei'ron,  Li- 
pot,  Stear,  Adeps,  Serum,  Sebum,  Corpus  adipo*- 
•tun,  Axun'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Oraisse :  from  G.  and 
A.  8.  Fett.  A  soft)  white,  animal  substance j 
inodorous;  insipid;  oily;  inflammable,  easy  to 
melt;  spoiling  in  the  air,  and  becoming  rancid 
by  union  with  oxygen :  almost  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol; insoluble  in 'water;  soluble  in  fixed  oils. 
Fat  is  formed  of  the  immediate  principles,  stearin, 
margarin  and  olein,  all  of  which  are  regarded  as 
salts  composed  of  stearic,  margsrio  and  oleic 
aoids,  and  a  common  base,  to  which,  from  its 
sweetish  taste,  the  name  Qlyc"erin  has  been 
given.  To  these  are,  almost  always,  joined  an 
odorous  and  a  oolouring  principle.  Glycerin,  Gly- 
ceri'na,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmaoopceia  of  the  U.  S.  (1851),  in  which 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — Lead 
plaster,  recently  prepared  and  yet  fluid ;  boiling 
water,  of  each  a  gallon ;  mix :  stir  briskly  for  15 
minutes;  allow  it  to  cool  and  pour  off  the  liquid. 
Evaporate  until  it  has  the  s.  g.  1.15,  and  pass 
slowly  through  it  a  current  of  sulpho-hydrie  acid 
until  a  black  precipitate  is  no  longer  thrown 
down.  Filter  and  boil  until  the  sulpho-hydrie 
acid  is  driven  off,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  until 
it  ceases  to  lose  weight  Glycerin  is  a  colourless 
or  straw-coloured  syrupy  fluid ;  s.  g.  1.25.  It  is 
soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  but  not  in  ether. 
It  is  used  in  the  form  of  lotion,  composed  of  half 
an  ounce  to  ten  fluidounees  of  water,  in  cutaneous 
diseases,  as  psoriasis,  pityriasis,  lepra  and  ichthy- 
osis. It  forms  a  kind  of  yarnish,  and  might  be 
useful  in  cases  of  burns. 

Fat  is  found  in  a  number  of  animal  tissues,  and 
is  very  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
kidneys  and  in  the  epiploon.  It  is  generally  fluid 
in  the  cetacea ;  soft,  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the 
carnivora ;  solid,  and  inodorous  in  the  ruminat- 
ing animal ;  white,  and  abundant  in  young  ani- 
mals ;  and  yellowish  in  old.  It  generally  forms 
about  a  twentieth  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human 
body.  The  fat,  considered  physiologically,  has, 
for  its  function,  to  protect  the  organs ;  maintain 
their  temperature ;  and  to  serve  for  nutrition  in 
case  of  need ;  as  is  observed  in  torpid  animals. 

Fat,  Corpulent— f.  Cells,  Fatty  vesicles  —  £ 
Mackaw,  see  Cocos  butyraeea. 

FATIGATIO,  Copos. 

FATIGUE,  Copos. 

FATTY,  Adipo'sus,  Adipa'tus,  PimeViem,  Pi- 
meWdes,  Sax.ps»t:;  past  participle  ofpeban,  to 
feed,  Ad'ipous,  Pinguid,  Pinguidfinous.  Rela- 
ting to  fat.  Resembling  or  containing  fat  The 
cellular  membrane  has  been  called  fatty  or  adU 
pous;  from  an  opinion  that,  in  its  areola,  the  fat  if 


FATUTTAS 


364 


PEBRIS 


deposited.  The  areolar  membrane,  however, 
merely  lodges,  between  its  lamella?  and  filaments, 
the  vesicles  in  which  the  fat  is  contained. 

Fatty  Lig'ament,  Ad'ipous  ligament  This 
name  has  been  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  syno- 
vial membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes 
from  the  ligamentum  patella)  towards  the  cavity 
that  separates  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 

Fatty  Membrane,  Adipous  membrane,  Adi- 
pous tissue.  The  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  or 
that  containing  the  fatty  or  adipous  vesicles. 

Fatty  Ves'icles,  Adipous  vesicles,  Sac'culi 
adipo'si,  Fat  cells.  This  name  is  given  to  small 
bursas  or  membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the 
fat,  and  are  found  situate  in  the  areola  of  the 
areolar  tissue.  These  vesicles  vary  much  in 
size.  Generally,  they  are  round  and  globular  ; 
and,  in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 
very  apparent.  They  form  so  many  small  sacs 
without  apertures,  in  the  interior  of  which  are 
filaments  arranged  like  septa.  In  fatty  subjects, 
the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  being 
attached  to  the  areolar  tissue  and  neighbouring 
parts  by  a  vascular  pedicle.  Raspail  affirms  that 
there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  between  the 
nature  of  the  adipose  granules  and  that  of  the 
amylaceous  grains. 

Fatty  Vessels,  Adipous  vessels.  The  vessels 
connected  with  the  fat.  Some  anatomists  have 
called  Adipout  canals,  (F.)  Conduits  adipeux,  the 
vessels  to  which  they  attribute  the  secretion  of  fat 
Fatty  Degeneration  of  the  Liver,  Adiposis 
hepatica — f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

FATU'ITAS,  Moro'sis,  Stukif'ia,  Stupor  men- 
tis, Amen'tia;   from  fatuus,  'foolish/     Mental 
imbecility.    Idiotism.    Dementia.     One  affected 
with  fatuity  is  said  to  hefat'uous. 
FATUOUS,  see  Fatuity. 
FAUCES,  Isthmus,  Pharynx,  Throat 
FAUCETTE  VOICE,  see  Voice. 
FAUNO'RUM  LUDIB'RIA.     The  sports  of 
the  Fauni.    Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus;  others,  epilepsy. 
FAUSSE,  False. 

FAUSSE  COUCHE (F.),  Yanum partu'ri urn. 
Some  authors  have  used  this  term  for  the  expul- 
sion of  different  bodies  constituting  false  concep- 
tions; such  as  moles,  hydatids,  clots  of  blood, 
Ac,  Most  accoucheurs  use  the  term  synony- 
mously with  abortion. 

FAUSSE  POSITION  (F.),  False  position. 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language,  to 
indicate  any  attitude  in  which  torpor,  tingling, 
and  loss  of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  are 
produced  by  too  strong  contraction  or  painful 
compression. 
FAUSSE  ROUTE,  False  passage. 
FAUSTI'NI  PASTIL'LI,  Faustinas  Lo- 
wenges.  These  were  once  celebrated.  They  were 
composed  of  burnt  paper,  quicklime,  oxide  of  ar- 
senic, sandaraeh,  lentil*,  Ac. 

FAUX,  False—/,  du  Cerveau,  Falx  cerebri  — 
/.  du  Cerhelet,  Falx  cerebelli— /.  Grande  du  pS- 
ritoine,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum—/.  Petite 
dupiritoine,  Falx,  lesser,  of  the  peritoneum — / 
de  la  Veine  ombilicale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  perito- 
neum. 
FA  VEUX,  Favosus. 
FAVIFORMIS,  Favosus. 
F  A  VO'  S  U  S.     Similar  to  a  honeycomb.    Favi- 
form'is,  Favous,  from  favus,  cerion,  *a  honey- 
comb.'   (F.)  Faveux.    An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.     Cerion,  Favus;   means  also  a 
state  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honeycomb. 

FA'VULUSj  diminutive  of  favus,  'a  honey- 
comb.' Favuli  is  used  by  Dr.  Morton,  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  honeycomb-like  depressions  in  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  stomach — the  stomaeh- 
•eUs  of  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman. 


FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  favosa,  see  Favosa* 

FEATHERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEBRIC'ITANS,  FeVriens,  Bnip'yro*.  One 
attacked  with  fever;  from  febricilare,  'to  have  a 
fever.' 

FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness. 

FEBRICOSUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'veret.  Diminutive  of  /«- 
brie,  'fever.'  A  term  employed  to  express  a 
slight  degree  of  fever.    Ephemera. 

FEBRICULOSITY,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIENS,  Febrioitans,  Feverish. 

FEBRIFACIENT,  see  Feverish. 

FEBRIF'EROUS,  Feb'rifer,  from  febris,  'fe- 
ver,' and  fero,  *  I  carry.'  Fever-bearing,  as  a 
febriferous  locality. 

FEBRIFIC,  see  Feverish. 

FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexipyret'icus,  Lexipyr'etus, 
Pyreticue,  Alexipyret'icus,  Anti/ebri'lis,  Antipy- 
retic, Febrif'ugus,  from  febris,  'a  fever,'  and 
fugare,  '  to  drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  abating  or  driving  away 
fever. 

FEBRIFUGUM  LIGNUM,  Quassia. 

FE'BRILE,  febri'lis.  Relating  to  fever,  as 
febrile  movement,  febrile  pulse,  bo.  * 

FEBRIS,  Fever— f.  Acmastica,  Synocha — £ 
Acuta,  Synocha — f.  Acuta  continua,  Synocha— £ 
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal  —  £ 
Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — f.  Africans,  Fever,  Afri- 
can— f.  Agrypnodes,  see  Agrypnodes  and  Agryp- 
nos — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — f.  Algida,  see  Algidus — 
f.  Amatoria,  Chlorosis,  Hectio  fever — f.  Ame- 
ricana, Fever,  yellow — f.  Amphemera,  Quotidian 
— f.  Amphimerina  hectica,  Hectic  fever — £  Am- 
phimerina  latica,  Latica  (febris) — f.  Ampnllosa, 
PemphigUB — f.  Anabatic*,  Continued  fever — £ 
Angiotenica,  Synocha  —  f.  Anginosa,  Angina 
— f.  Annua,  see  Annual  diseases — £  Anomala, 
Fever,  anomalous — f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic 
—  f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha — f.  Apoplectics,  Fever, 
apoplectic — f.  Ardens,  Synocha — £  Arte  promota, 
Fever,  artificial — f.  Arthritic*,  Gout — f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes— f.  Assidua,  Continued 
fever — f.  Asthenics,  Fever,  asthenic,  Typhus— 
f.  Asthmatica,  Fever,  asthmatic — f.  Ataxo-adyua- 
mica,  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Asodes,  see  Aso- 
des— £  Biliosa,  Fever,  bilious — f.  Bullosa,  Pem- 
phigus— f.  Cardialgia,  Fever,  cardialgic — f.  Ca- 
tarrhalis,  Catarrh — f.  Catarrhalis  epidemic*,  In- 
fluenza— f.  Caumatodes,  Synocha — f.  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgia,  Fever,  cephalalgic — £ 
Cephalica,  Fever,  cephalic — f.  Cholepyretica,  Fe- 
ver, bilious — f.  Cholerica,  Fever,  bilious,  Fever, 
choleric  —  f.  Chronica,  Fever,  chronic — f.  Coal- 
terna,  see  Coal  tern®  febres — f.  Colliquative  Fe- 
ver, colliquative — f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplec- 
tic—  f.  Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F.  —  £ 
Confusa,  see  Confuse  febres — £  Contanens,  Ty- 
phus—  f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha — £ 
Con  tin  ens  putrida,  Typhus — f.  Continua  inflam- 
matoria,  Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida,  Syno- 
chus  — £  Continua  putrida  ioterodes  Caroliniensis, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Continua  non  putris,  Synocha 
— £  Continua  sanguinea,  Synocha — £  Convulsiva, 
Fever,  convulsive  —  f.  Crymodes,  see  Crymodes, 
and  Algid  fever — f.  Culioularis,  Miliary  fever— f. 
cum  Delirio,  Fever,  delirious  —  f.  Depuratoria, 
Fever,  depuratory — f.  Deurens,  Synocha — f.  Di- 
aphoretica,  Fever,  diaphoretic — £  Diaria,  Ephe- 
mera— f.  Duodecimana,  Fever,  duodecimane— £ 
Dysenteric*,  Dysentery — f.  Elodes,  see  Elodes — 
f.  Elodes  icterodes,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Enteric*, 
see  Typhus  —  f.  Enteromeeenterica,  Entero-me- 
senteric — f.  EpacmasUca,  see  Epacmasticos — £ 
Ephemera,  Ephemera — £  Epidemic*  cum  angina, 
Cynanche  maligna— f.  Epileptic*,  Fever,  epileptic 
— £  Erotica,  fever,  erotic— £  Erratics,  Fever,  ano» 


FHBRUA 


S65 


FEB 


melons,  Fever,  emtio,  see  Erratic  and  Planetes 
— £  Erronea,  see  Planetes — f.  Erysipelacea,  Ery- 
sipelas—£.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelas — f.  Esserosa, 
Miliary  fever  —  £  Exquisita,  Fever,  regular  —  f, 
Exanthematica  artioularis,  Dengue — f.  Famelioa, 
see  Famelica  Febris — f.  Flava,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Flava  Americanorum,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Gangrss- 
nodes,  Fever,  gangrenous — £  Gastrioa,  Fever,  bi- 
lious, Fever,  gastric — f.  Gastrico-biliosa,  Fever, 
gastric — f.  Gastro-adynaniica,  Fever,  gastro-ady- 
namio — f.  Haamoptoica,  Fever,  hffimoptoio —  f. 
Hebdomadana,  Octana — f.  Hectica,  Hectic  fever 

—  f.  Hectica  infantum,  Tabes  mesenterica — f. 
Hectica  maligna  nervosa,  Typhus  mitior — f.  He- 
meresia,  Quotidian — f.  Hemitritaea,  Hemitritsea — 
£  Hepatica,  Fever,  bilious — f.  Hepatica  inflam- 
matoria, Hepatitis — f.  Horrifiea,  see  Algidus — £ 
Horrida,  see  Algidus — f.  Humoralis,  Fever,  hu- 
moral— f.  Hungarica,  Fever,  Hungario — f.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  Hydrocephalus  interims  —  f.  Hydro- 
phobic*, Fever,  hydrophobic — £  Hysteretica,  see 
Postpositio— £  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — £  Ic- 
terica,  Fever,  Icteric — f.  Hiaca  inflammatoria,  En- 
teritis— f.  Infantum  remittens,  Fever,  infantile 
remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f.  Inten- 
*io,  Epitasis — 1  Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever 
— £  Intermittens  eephalica  larvata,  Cephalalgia 
periodica — £  Intestrnalis  ulcerosa,  see  Typhus — 
£  Intestinomm,  Enteritis — £  Irregularis,  Fever, 
anomalous — £  Lactea,  Fever,  milk — f.  Larvata, 
Fever,  masked — £  Lenta,  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent, Hectic  fever,  Synochus — £  Lenta  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior,  Fever,  nervous — f.  Lenticularis, 
Miliary  fever — £  Lethargic*,  Fever,  apoplectic — 
f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  loohial  —  £  Lymodes,  fever, 
singultous —  £  Lyngodes,  Fever,  singultous  —  £ 
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant  —  £  Maligna  biliosa 
America,  Fever,  yellow — £  Maligna  cum  Sopore, 
Typhus — £  Maligna  flava  Indira  occidentals, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Marasmodes,  Heotio  fever,  Ma- 
rasmopyra — £  Meningo-gastricus,  Fever,  gastric 
— f.  Mesenteric*,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal,  Fever, 
meeenterio — £  Methemerina,  Quotidian — £  Mili- 
aria, Miliary  fever — f.  Minuta,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Morbillosa,  Rubeola — £  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal — £  Mucosa  Verminosa,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent— £  Nautioa  pestilentialis,  Typhus 
gravior — f;  Nephritic*,  Fever,  nephritic — £  Ner- 
vosa,  Fever,  nervous — £  Nervosa  epidemica,  Ty- 
phus— £  Nervosa  enteric*;  see  Typhus — £  Ner- 
vosa exanthematica,  Typhus — £  Nervosa  gas- 
trioa, see  Typhus  —  £  Nervosa  mesenterica,  see 
Typhus — £  Nervosa  petechials,  Typhus — £  Neu- 
r odes,  Fever,  nervous — f.  Noctnrnus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— £  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane — £  Nosocomio- 
rum,  Typhus  gravior— £  Nycterinus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— £  Octana,  Fever  octane — £  Oscitans,  Osci- 
tant  fever — £  Paludosa,  see  Elodes — £  Pan- 
nonica,  Fever,  Hungary  — £  Pemphingodes, 
Pemphigus  —  £  Pemphygodes,  Pemphigus  —  £ 
Pempta,  Quintan — £  Periodica,  Fever,  periodic 
— £  Perniciosa,  Fever,  pernicious — £  Pestilens, 
Plague — £  Pestilens  maligna,  Typhus  gravior 

—  £  Pestilentialis,  Fever,  pestilential  —  £  Pesti- 
lentialis Europss,  Typhus  gravior — £  Petechials, 
Typhus  gravior — £  Phthisioa,  Hectic  fever — £ 
Planet**,  see  Planetes — £  Pleuritic*,  Plenritis — £ 
Podagrica,  Gout — £  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — 
f.  Pneumonic*,  Fever,  pneumonic,  Pneumonia — 
f.  Puerperalis  biliosa,  Metrocholosis — £  Puerpe- 
rarum,  Puerperal  fever — £  Puncticularis,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Typhus  gravior — £  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal  —  £  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaria, 
Miliary  fever — £  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent — £ 
Putrida,  Typhus  gravior — £  Putrida  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior — £  Quartana,  Quartan — £  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.  Quint*,  Quintan — £  Quin- 
tan*, Fever,  quintan,  Quintan  —  £  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian,  Quotidian— £  Regnlaris,  Fever, 


regular — f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever — £  Re- 
mittens infantum,  Fever,  infantile  remittent — f. 
Rheumatica  inflammatoria,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
£  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  pruriginosa,  Urti- 
carial— f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — £  Sapropyra,  Ty- 
phus gravior  —  £  Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina — 1 
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic  —  £  Semitertiana, 
Hemitriteea — £  Septana,  Fever,  septan — £  Sea- 
quialtera,  Hemitriteea — £  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan 
— £  Simplex,  Ephemera,  Fever,  simple — £  Sin- 
gultosa,  Fever,  singultous — £  Soporose*  Fever, 
apoplectic  —  £  Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral  —  £ 
Sthenic*,  Synocha — £  Stomachica  inflammato- 
ria, Gastritis — £  Subin trans,  Fever,  subintrant — 
£  Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic,  Hydropyretus, 
Sudor  anglicus — £  Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — 
£  Syphilitica,  Fever,  syphilitic — £  Tabida,  Fever, 
colliquative,  Hectic  fever  —  £  Tertiana,  Fever, 
tertian,  Tertian  fever — £  Tonica,  Synocha — £ 
Topiea,  Neuralgia,  facial — £  Toxica,  Fever,  yel- 
low— £  Tragica,  Fever,  tragic  —  £  Traumatica, 
Fever,  traumatic) — £  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow — £ 
Typhodes,  Typhus — £  Urticata,  Urticaria — £  Ute- 
rina,  Metritis — £  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous,  see 
Planetes — £  Variolosa,  Variola — £  Verminosa, 
Fever,  infantile  remittent,  F.  verminous,  Helmin- 
thopyra — £  Vernalis,  Fever,  vernal — £  Vesicu- 
laris,  Miliary  Fever,  Pemphigus — £  Virgin um, 
Chlorosis. 

FEB'RUA ;  from  februo,  '  I  purge/  In  an- 
cient mythology,  a  goddess  who  presided  over 
menstruation. 

FECAL,  Stercoraceous. 

FASCES,  Faeces. 

FMaONDATION,  Fecundation. 

FJSCONDITti,  Fecundity. 

FEC'ULA,  Fa'cula,  diminutive  of  fax,  'lee.' 
An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables,  composed 
of  hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  carbon.  It  exists  in 
several  plants,  and  has  different  names,  accord- 
ing to  that  which  furnishes  it.  When  extracted 
from  wheat  or  barley,  it  is  called  etarck,  Atn'y- 
lum.  When  from  Cycae  circina'lie,  Sago  ; — from 
Orckit  mo'rio,  Salep.  We  say,  also,  Fecula  of 
the  Potato,  Bryony,  Arum,  Manioc,  Ac 

Fbcitla,  Greek.  This  name  is  given  to  a  green, 
solid  matter,  of  variable  character,  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  resinous,  and  which  renders  turbid 
several  kinds  of  juices,  extracted  from  vegetables. 
It  is,  also,  called  Chlorophyll. 

Fecula  Ajcyxacea,  Amylum  —  £  Marantw, 
Arrow-root — £  Tapioka,  see  Jatropha  manibot 

FECULENCE,  Faculen'tia,  FacoJitox,  Fax, 
Lemma,  Fa'cee,  Lee,  Deposit,  Dreg:  In  PAar- 
macy,  feculent,  albuminous,  or  other  substanoes, 
which  are  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

FECULENT,  Fasculen'tus,  Hypotfrygue,  Try- 
go* dee.  'Foul,  dreggy,  excrementitious j'  as  a 
feculent  fluid,  feculent  evacuation*,  Ac 

FECUND,  Fecun'dut,  Facun'due,  (F.)  Ficond. 
Same  etymon  as  the  next.    Fruitful,  Prolific 

FECUNDA'TION,  Facunda'tio,  Impregna- 
tion, Impragna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Pragna'tio, 
Gravida' tio,  Pragna'tue,  Fructifica'tio,  Cye'eie, 
Encye'eie,  Encymo'eia,  Procrea'tion,  (F.)  F(con- 
dation.  The  act  by  which,  in  organised  beings, 
the  material  furnished  by  the  generative  organs 
of  the  female,  unites  with  that  prepared  by  those 
of  the  male,  so  that  a  new  being  results. 

FEOUN'DITY,  Eutoc*ia,  Facun'ditae,  Pro- 
ductix/itae,  (F.)  Ficonditi.  The  faculty  of  repro- 
duction, possessed  by  organised  bodies. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  throughout  a  coun- 
try, taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not  more 
than  4  children  are  the  result;  and  in  towns  only 
35  children  to  10  marriages. 

FEE,  SostrooL 


RET 


366 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


FEET,  BURNING  OF  THE.  A  singular  ca- 
chectic disease,  described  by  Mr.  Maleolmson  as 
occurring  in  India,  the  prominent  symptom  of 
which  was  a  sense  of  burning  in  the  feet 

FJ&GARITE,  Cancer  aquations.  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morbi  dxvnmula'ti 
sen  Simula' ti  seu  cela'ti  sen  infitia'ti  sen  peeuda'- 
Utr   Sitn'ulated    diseases,   Pretend' ed    disease*, 


(F.)  Maladies  dissimvUes,  M.  simnUes,  JT.  feints*, 
M.  supposies.  The  tricks  employed,  by  impos- 
tors, to  induce  a  belief  that  they  are  attacked 
with  diseases  when  they  are  not.  These  are  ge- 
nerally assumed  by  beggars  to  obtain  alms ;  by 
criminals  to  escape  punishment;  and  by  soldiers 
to  be  exempt  from  duty. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  chief  feigned 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection. 


A  TABLE  OF  FEIGNED,  PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES  OR 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 


Diseases,  Ac 


How  Fetgnbd. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Abortion. 

2.  Abstinence. 

8.  Amaurotic 
Blindness. 


4.  Apoplexy. 


5.  Cachexia,  Anjb- 
xia,  amd  Debility. 

6.  Excretion    OP 

Calculi. 

7.  Cancerous  Ul- 

cer. 


8.  Catalepsy. 


9.  Chorea. 


10.  Contraction  op 
Joists  in  Gene- 


IL  Contraction  of 

THE  FlKQERS. 


12.  CojrnTL&ioirs. 


13.  Opakb  Cornea. 


14.  CVTANEOVS  DlB- 


(By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


By  applying  the  extract  of  bella- 
donna or  datura  stramonium  to 
the  eye. 

By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of 
sensation  and  consciousness. 

Using  substanoes  to  make  the  face 
appear  pale  and  livid.  Indulging 
freely  in  wine,  and  privation  of 
sleep  prior  to  examination. 

Putting  sand,  pebbles,  Ac,  into  the 
urine. 

By  gluing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen 
with  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin, 
leaving  on  the  outside  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ulcerated  surface. 

By  seeming  to  be  suddenly  motion- 
less, the  joints  remaining  flexible, 
and  external  objects  making  no 
impression. 


By  assuming  the  convulsive  motions 
of  a  part  which  characterise  cho- 


Produced  by  the  application  of  a 
strong  acid,  by  acrid  powders,  as 
quicklime,  Ac. 

Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on 
urticaria  or  nettle-rash,  In  parti- 
cular individuals,  as  shell-fish, 
bitter  almonds,  Ac  By  aerids, 
acids,  or  any  irritants  applied  to 
the  surface.  An  ointment  of  tar- 
tarized  antimony  causes  a  painful 
pustular  eruption.  See  Porrigo, 
in  this  list 


By  constant  and  minute  attention. 
Amaurosis  is  characterised  by  dila- 
ted pupil.  Where  these  sub- 
stances have  been  applied,  the 
effects  will  go  off  in  ten  days  or  a 
fortnight. 

'  By  powerful  stimulants;  an  electric 
shock ;  application  of  hot  water, 
sternutatories,  actual  cautery,  Ac 

'  By  examining  if  the  pulse  be  strong, 
and  the  skin  hot,  and  whether 
there  be  loss  of  appetite  or  of 
strength,  or  swelling  of  the  limbs. 

'  By  the  aid  of  chymistry.  We  are 
acquainted  with  the  chymioal 
composition  of  urinary  calculi. 

By  noticing  whether  there  be  signs 
of  cachexia,  and  by  attentive  ex- 
amination of  the  part. 

By  powerful  stimulants,  as  recom- 
mended under  apoplexy.  Letting 
fall  a  drop  of  boiling  water  on  the 
back.  Proposing  to  use  the  ac- 
tual cautery,  and  seeing  whether 
the  pulse  rises. 

By  examining  the  patient  whilst  he 
may  imagine  himself  unobserved, 
and  seeing  whether  the  convul- 
sive motions  go  on.  By  anaes- 
thetics. (?) 

Mode  of  discrimination  sometimes 
so  obscure  as  to  deceive  the  most 
practised  and  attentive 

Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fin- 
gers and  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
and  gradually  apply  weights  so 
as  to  expand  the  fingers.  Confine 
him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain  his  i 
food  without  using  his  clenched  I 
hand.  I 

'  When  feigned,  they  do  not  present 
the  rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  ra- 
pidity of  action  which  eharacte-  ' 
rise  the  real.  The  mode  of  de- 
tection must  be  the  same  as  in 
epilepsy. 

The  existence  of  the  opacity  can  be 
detected  by  attentive  observation. 


By  careful  examination  on  the  part 
of  practitioner  and  nurse. 


raianxD  diseases 


swr 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


DlBBASBS,  *c 


How  Feigkbd. 


15.DE1F-DUMBWESS. 


16.  Deajttess. 


17.  Death. 

18.  Dbbiuty,    see 
Cachexia. 

19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivery. 


21.  DlARRHGBA. 


22.  Dropsy. 


23.  Dysbnybby. 


24k  Bpilkpsy. 


25.FBTBR. 


28.  Fistula  ts  Ano. 


27.  pHACTTJBBg, 


It  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by 
putting  a  pea  in  the  ear,  or  by 
inserting  irritants,  so  as  to  induce 
inflammation  and  temporary  lots 
of  function. 

1  Some  persons  possess  the  power  of 
suspending  or  moderating  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart 


After  enlargement  produced  artifi- 
cially, a  subsidence  of  the  tume- 
faction ;  the  parts  being  moisten- 
ed by  borrowed  blood,  and  the 
child  of  another  substituted  as 
the  female's  own. 


Said  to  have  been  caused  by  a  mix- 
ture of  vinegar  and  burnt  cork.  (?) 
May  be  occasioned  by  the  use  of 
any  of  the  purgative  roots,  Ac 


May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by 
wearing  pads.  The  anasaroous 
condition  of  the  lower  limbs  has 
been  caused  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture round  them.  By  inflating 
the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by 
adding  a  little  blood  to  the  eva- 
cuations, or  by  introducing  a  soap 
or  some  more  irritating  supposi- 
tory. 

The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been 
produced  by  keeping  a  piece  of 
soap  in  it 


By  various  stimulants,  as  wine, 
brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a 
small  quantity  of  tobacco,  or  in- 
troducing it  into  the  anus.  Flour 
or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the 
tongue.  Redness  of  skin,  caused 
by  motion  with  a  hard  brush. 

By  making  an  incision  near  the 
verge  of  the  anus,  and  introducing 
into  it  an  acrid  tent,  such  as  the 
root  of  white  "hellebore,  Ac 

There  is  generally  nothing  but  the 
man's  own  testimony.  He  com- 
plains of  pain  in  the  part ;  if  frac- 
ture of  the  skull  be  feigned,  he 
states,  perhaps,  that  he  becomes 
deranged  on  tasting  liquor. 


How  Detected. 


The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire 
an  expression  of  countenance  and 
gestures  which  it  is  difficult  to 
assume. 

Make  a  noise  when  not  expected, 
and  see  if  the  countenance  varies 
or  pulse  rises.  Put  to  sleep  by 
opium,  and  then  fire  a  pistol  close 
to  the  ear,  when  he  may  be 
thrown  off  his  guard.  Examine 
the  ear  to  see  if  any  trick  has 
been  played  there. 

If  suspected,  the  plan  recommended 
under  apoplexy  will  be  found 
most  efficacious. 


Examine  the  part  and  its  articula- 
tion, naked,  and  compare  it  with 
the  opposite. 

Can  only  be  positively  detected  by 
examination  par  vaginam.  Soon 
after  delivery,  the  vagina  will  be 
relaxed  and  the  lochial  discharge 
be  flowing  in  greater  abundance, 
the  shorter  the  time  that  may 
have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the 
lower  classes,  inspect  the  linen ; 
if  clean,  the  bowels  are  probably 
not  much  out  of  order.  Let  every 
individual  have  a  close  stool  of 
his  own ;  and  inspect  the  evacua- 
tions, taking  care  that  one  suffer- 
ing under  the  disease  does  not 
lend  his  evacuations  to  another. 

Can  be  detected  by  attentive  exa- 
mination. There  will  be  a  want 
of  ^  that  leucophlegmatio  habit 
which  accompanies  and  charac- 
terizes dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abo- 
lished. If  any  remain,  disease 
probably  feigned.  Incontractility 
of  pupil,  which  occurs  in  epilepsy, 
cannot  be  feigned.  Same  means 
to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexy. 

This  deceit  is  generally  developed 
by  a  day  or  two's  examination. 
Where  flour  or  chalk  has  been 
used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  the 
line  of  demarcation  between  the 
whitened  part  and  the  clean, 
healthy  margin  of  the  tongue,  is 
too  well  marked  to  escape  obser- 
vation. 

By  careful  examination. 


By  attentive  examination. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


368 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  <fcc. 


HOW  FeIONED. 


How  Detected. 


28.  Kbmatemesis. 


29.  Hjemopttsis. 


30.  Hemorrhoids. 

31.  Heart,Diseabes 
or,  see  Palpita- 
tion. 


32.  Hepatitis. 

83.  Hernia. 
Si.  Htdrocelb. 

35.  Hydrocepha- 
lus. 

36.  Hysteria. 

37.  Insanity. 

38.  Jaundice. 

39.  Lameness. 

40.  Menstruation. 


41.  Myopia. 

Short- Sightednen. 


42.  Ophthalmia. 


43.  Ox  ata. 


By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  ani- 
mal, or  using  some  coloured  li- 
quid, and  then  throwing  it  up. 

By  secreting  bullock's  blood  for  the 
purpose  of  colouring  the  saliva; 
making  small  incisions  in  the 
mouth;  using  bole  armeniao  or 
paint  of  vermilion. 

By  introducing  bladders  of  rats  or  of 
small  fish  partly  into  the  rectum. 

The  linen  has  also  been  stained 
with  borrowed  blood. 


In  the  same  manner  as  hydrocele; 
— by  inflation. 

By  puncturing  the  skin  of  the  scro- 
tum, and  inflating  the  cellular 
membrane. 

By  opening  the  integuments  of  the 
head,  near  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and 
blowing  in  air. 


By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infu- 
sion of  turmeric  or  tincture  of 
rhubarb.  Clay -coloured  «tool*  pro- 
duced by  taking  daily  a  small 
quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  High- 
coloured  urine  by  rhubarb  taken 
internally. 

By  keeping  the  limb  in  a  contracted 
state,  and  resisting  any  efforts  to 
move  it. 

By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


Excited  by  a  variety  of  acrid  and 
corrosive  substances  applied  to 
the  eye;  as  lime,  Ac. 

A  portion  of  black  muslin,  spread 
over  the  cornea.  The  eyelashes 
are  sometimes  extracted,  and 
caustic  applied  to  excite  disease 
in  the  palpebral. 

By  impregnating  a  piece  of  sponge 
with  some  offensive  juices  or  oils, 
mixed  with  decayed  cheese,  and 
putting  the  imbued  sponge  into 
the  nostrils. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply  of  the  fluid 
and  careful  examination. 

Blood  from  the  lungs  is  frothy  and 
light-coloured.  Mouth  and  fauces 
must  be  carefully  inspected,  and 
the  individual  be  observed. 


The  means  are  obvious. 


Unless  the  person  be  a  well-educated 
impostor,  acute  inflammation  of 
the  liver  will  be  detected  by  the 
absence  of  marks  of  strong  in- 
flammatory action.  Chronic  /tW 
d\*ea«e  is,  frequently,  not  charac- 
terised by  well-marked  symp- 
toms, and  hence,  when  assumed, 
is  difficult  of  detection. 

The  detection  is  easy. 
Do. 


Do. 

Does  not  easily  resist  the  applica- 
tion of  strong  sternutatories  to 
the  nostrils.  Attentive  examina- 
tion necessary. 
The  expression  of  countenance  can- 
not easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can 
the  affection  be  kept  up  so  long 
as  in  real  mental  alienation.  The 
individual  cannot  do  so  long  with- 

.      out  food,  sleep,  Ac 

'  The  eyes  cannot  be  coloured,  al- 
though smoke  has  been  used  for 
this  purpose.  The  skin  must  be 
washed  to  remove  the  colouring 
matter  if  any  exist,  and  the  sup- 
ply of  acid  and  rhubarb  be  pre- 
vented. 

*  By  two  persons  taking  hold  of  the 
individual  and  moving  rapidly 
along  with  him ;  and  when  they 
are  tired,  having  relays.  The 
impostor  will  generally  give  in, 

By  cutting  off  the  supply. 

"  Present  an  open  book,  and  apply 
the  leaves  close  to  the  nose.  If 
it  cannot  be  read  distinctly,  when 
thus  placed,  or  when  glasses 
proper  for  short-sightedness  are 
used,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


When  ophthalmia  is  thus  excited, 
its  progress  is  ordinarily  very 
rapid,  arriving  at  its  height  within 
a  few  hours. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


369 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  Ac. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


44.  Palpitation. 


45.  Pains. 


46.  Shaking  Palsy. 


47.  Paraltsis. 


48.  Phthisis    Pul- 
xokalis. 


49.  Polypus  Nasi. 


50.  Porriqo. 
Scalled  Head. 


51.  pREaxAxcr. 


62.  Prolapsus  Art. 

53.  Prolapsus  Ute- 
ri. 

54.  Pulse,  Weak- 
ness or  Defect 
of. 

55.  Chronic  Rheu- 
matism. 

See  Pain. 

56.  Scrofula. 


57.  Scurvy. 


58.  Stammering. 


White  hellebore,  given  in  the  dose 
of  10  or  12  grains,  and  repeated, 
will  occasion  general  indisposi- 
tion, and  undue  action  of  the  heart. 


Individuals  with  long  necks  and 
contracted  shoulders  have  simu- 
lated phthisis,  by  covering  the 
chest  with  blisters,  cicatrices  of 
issues,  Ac,  and  by  taking  drugs 
which  cause  paleness. 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a 
young  cock,  or  the  kidney  of  a 
rabbit,  into  the  nostril,  and  re- 
taining it  there  by  means  of  a 
sponge  fastened  to  it 

By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head, 
after  protecting  the  face  with 
fatty  substances ;  but  the  chronio 
state  is  imitated  by  the  use  of 
depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap- 
plied sometimes  in  patches,  so 
as  to  resemble  the  Porrigo  de- 
calvant. 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the 
longing  after  particular  articles 
of  diet,  Ac. 

By  a  portion  of  the  intestine  of  the  ox, 
in  which  a  sponge  filled  with  a 
mixture  of  blood  and  milk  is  placed. 

By  a  similar  fraud. 

By  ligatures  applied  to  the  corre- 
sponding arm. 


By  exciting  ulcers  below  the  angles 
of  the  jaw. 

By  covering  the  teeth  with  wax, 
and  then  applying  acid,  corrosive 
substances  to  the  gums. 


Gut  off  the  supply. 

The  detection  is  here  often  difficult 
The  non-existence  of  pain  cannot 
be  proved,  and  great  pain  may  be 
present  without  any  appearance 
externally. 

The  imposition  is  more  frequently 
detected  by  inconsistencies  and 
contradictions  in  the  patient's 
history  of  the  case,  than  in  any 
other  manner. 

May  be  suspected,  if  the  person  be 
in  an  ordinary  state  of  vigour. 
Try  violent  remedies  and  means, 
recommended  under  Chorea. 

Violent  remedies  are  here  required. 
Cold  affusion,  actual  cautery, 
electric  shocks,  Ac 


By  attentive  examination  of  the 
symptoms. 


By  the  absence  of  the  areola,*  the 
presence  of  a  pad ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, by  examination  per  vaginam. 


By  examining  whether  the  arteries 
of  the  two  arms  beat  alike ;  and 
if  a  ligature  be  placed  on  the  arm. 


By  examining  the  general  habit, 
and  observing  whether  the  ulce- 
rations be  glandular,  and  the  dis- 
charge of  a  scrofulous  character. 

By  examining  the  general  habit; 
whether  debilitated,  cachectic, 
and  possessing  the  usual  general 
signs  of  scorbutus. 

Simulators  of  this  defect  generally 
state,  that  it  is  connate,  or  ascribe 
it  to  a  fit  of  apoplexy  or  severe 
fever.  Where  the  organs  of 
speech  were  perfect,  and  the  mo- 
ral evidence  of  the  previous  ex- 
istence of  the  infirmity  was  not 
satisfactory,  the  French  authori- 
ties used  to  confine  the  soldiers, 
and  not  supply  them  with  food, 
until  they  called  for  it  without 
stammering. 


FEL 


370 


FEMUR 


Diseases,  6c 


How  Feioitbd. 


How  Detected. 


59.  Stricture     op 
the  Urethra. 

60.  swelling  of  the 
Legs. 

6L  Syncope. 


62.  Tympany. 


63.  Ulcer   or  the 
Ear. 


64.  Ulcers  of  the 
Legs,  Ac. 


65.  Bloody  Urine. 


66.  Incontinence  of 
Urine. 


67.  Varicose  Veins. 


By  ligatures  round  the  thighs. 

Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to 
prevent  the  pulse  being  felt.  By 
applying  lotions  to  the  face  to 
make  it  pale. 

Persons  have  possessed  the  power  of 
swallowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the 
stomach,  and  simulate  tympany. 

By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with 
blistering  plaster  into  the  ear, 
and  repeating  the  application, 
until  the  tube  becomes  ulcerated, 
and  a  discharge  of  puriform  mat- 
ter is  established.  The  fetid  smell 
is  imitated,  by  dropping  into  the 
ear  a  mixture  of  empyreumatie 
oil,  asafcetida,  and  old  cheese. 
Also,  by  introducing  a  little  honey 
into  the  meatus. 

By  corrosives,  or  irritants.  Some- 
times by  abrasion,  by  rubbing 
sand  on  the  Bhin-bone.  At  others, 
they  are  pretended,  by  gluing  on 
a  piece  of  spleen  or  the  skin  of  a 
frog. 

The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  (Cactus 
opuntia)  colours  the  urine  as  red 
as  blood.  Cantharides  will  cause 
it  Blood  may  also  be  procured 
and  mixed  with  the  urine. 


By  a  ligature,  placed  tightly  round 
the  limb.  They  may  be  excited 
in  this  manner,  or  aggravated  if 
already  existing. 


By  passing  a  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 

By  using  sternutatories.  By  the 
absence  of  some  of  the  symptoms 
of  syncope.  Examine  the  naked 
arms.    Wash  the  face. 


By  careful  examination. 


Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a 
more  distinct  margin,  and  are 
more  readily  healed  than  others ; 

"  the  latter  being  generally  indi- 
cative of  an  impaired  constitu- 
tion. 

By  making  the  patient  pass  his 
urine  in  the  presence  of  the  phy- 
sician, and  examining  the  vessel 
before  and  after.  By  cutting  off 
the  supply  of  any  substance,  which 
could  cauge  the  appearance. 

Difficult,  at  times,  of  detection.  Give 
the  person  a  full  dose  of  opium, 
and  introduce  the  catheter  when 
he  is  asleep.  If  there  be  urine, 
the  incontinence  is  feigned. 

By  examining  the  limb. 


FEL,  Bile— ^f.  Anguillss,  see  Bile — f.  Bovinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox  —  f.  Bovis,  see  Bile  —  f.  Naturae, 
Aloes — f.  Tauri,  see  Bile  —  f.  Terr®,  Ludus  Hel- 
montii — f.  Ursi,  see  Bile — f.  Vitri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELDSCHEEREN,  Bathers. 

FELINEUS,  Bilious. 

FELLEUS,  Biliary,  Bilious. 

FELLIDUCUS,  Cholagogue. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus  — f.  Super- 
fuaio,  Icterus — f.  Suffusio,  Icterus. 

FELON,  Paronychia. 

FELTING,  from  Anglo-Saxon  pelt,  cloth  or 

%  stuff  made  without  to  caving.    Tangling.    A  term 

applied  to  the  hair  when  inextricably  interlaced, 

as  occurs  occasionally  in  women  from  inattention. 

FELURE  DE  0 LASER,  Fissure,  glenoid. 

FELWORT,  Gentiana  lutea. 

FEMALE,  Fcem'ina,  Qyne,  (F.)  Femelle,  from 
$vc»,  '  I  generate.'  (?)  In  animals,  the  one  that 
engenders  and  bears  the  young.  It  is,  also,  used 
tuijootively ; — as,  the  Female  Sex,  Ac 

Female  Parts,  Vulva. 

FEMELLE,  Female. 

FEMEN,  Thigh,  Vulva. 

FEMINES'CENCE,  Famineecen'tia,  from/a- 
mina, '  a  female/  The  possession  or  assumption 
of  certain  male  characteristics  by  the  female.  — 
Mehliss. 

FEMME  EN  COUCBE,  Puerpera. 


FEM'ORAL,^ei?k>*a7w,from/cmtfr,  'the  thigh- 
bone.' Belonging  or  relating  to  the  thigh;  as 
Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  Ac.   See  Crural 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

F&MORO-GALCAMEN  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle — f.  Popliteal,  great,  Sciatic  nerve,  great — 
/.  Popliti-tibial,  Poplitsaus  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tibia'lh.  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Fenoro- 
tibial  articulation  is  the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  Menu,  Me'rium,  Os  fem'orie.  The 
thigh,  bone.  (F.)  Voe  de  la  Cuivte.  The  strongest 
and  longest  of  all  the  bones  of  the  body,  extend- 
ing from  the  pelvis  to  the  tibia,  and  forming  the 
solid  part  of  the  thigh.  The  femur  is  cylindrical, 
slightly  curved  anteriorly,  unsymmetrieal  and 
oblique  downwards  and  inwards.  The  body  of 
the  bone  is  prismatic,  and  has,  behind,  a  promi- 
nent ridge,  the  linea  aepera. 

Upper  or    f  Head  supported  on  a 
Pelvic 
Extremity. 


PRQq^SSES. 


column  or  neck. 
Great  trochanter. 
Lesser  trochanter. 
'External  condyle. 
Internal  condyle. 
External  tuberosity. 
Internal  tuberosity. 
The  femur  ossifies  from  five  points: — one  on 
each  process  of  the  pclv»  9  extremity ;  one  in  the 


Inferior  or 

Tibial 
Extremity. 


FiMJm  COL  DV 


371 


FERRI  ACETAS 


body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  patella. 
See  Thigh. 

F^MUR  COL  DU,  Collum  femoris— f.  Mo- 
ventium  septimus,  Iiiacus  interims — f.  Moven- 
tium  Bextus,  Psoas  magnus — f.  Sum  mum,  Vulva, 

FENES'TRA.  AtctWoto.  (F.)  Fenttre.  Ana- 
tomists hare  given  this  name  to  two  apertures, 
situate  in  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fenest'ra 
ora'lis,  F.  vestibularis,  Fora'men  ova'le.  It  is 
oval-shaped;  situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes, 
and  corresponds  with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  other  is  the  Fenest'ra  rotun'da,  F,  Cochlea' - 
ris,  Fora'men  rotun'dum.  It  is  closed  by  a  fine, 
transparent  membrane,  called  Membra' na  Tym- 
pani  secundaria,  Tympanum  minus  seu  secunda'- 
rium,  Membra' na  fenestra  rotun'da,  and  corre- 
sponds to  the  inner  scala  of  the  cochlea. 

Fenestra.  Oculi,  PupiL 

FENES'TRAL,  Fenestra' tut,  from  fenestra, 
'a  window.'  (F.)  Fenitri  et  Fenestri.  Ban- 
dages, compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.  The  openings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 

FENESTRATUS,  Fenestra!. 

FENESTRAS,  Fenestra!. 

FENfiTREj  Fenestra. 

FEN&TRE,  Fenestra!. 

FENNEL,  Anethum— f.  Dogs',  Anthemis  co- 
tula-— f.  Flower,  Nigella— f.  Hog's,  Peucedanum 
—  f.  Sweet,  Anethum  —  f.  Water,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 

FENOUIL,  Anethum-; f.c? Eau,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum—/.  Marin,  Crithmum  maritimum— /. 
de  Pore,  Peucedanum — /.  Puant,  Anethum  gra- 
veolens. 

FENTE,  Fissure—/.  Capillaire,  see  Pilatio— 
/.  OUnoidale,  Fissure,  glenoid—/.  Orbitaire.  0r- 
bitar  fissure — /.  Orbitaire  infirieure,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure—/.  Sphtno-maxillaire,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

F&NUQREC,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FENUGRECK,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FER,  Ferrum—/.  Acitate  de,  Ferri  aeetas— /. 
Carbonate  de,  Ferri  protocarbonas — /.  Chaud, 
Pyrosis — /.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide  de,  JStites — /. 
lodure  de,  Ferri  iodidum,  see  Iodine — /.  Lactate 
de,  Ferri  Lactas — /.  Limaille  de,  Ferri  limatura 
/.  Peroxide  de,  Ferri  subcarbonas — /.  et  de  Po- 
tasse,  tartrate  de,  Ferrum  tartarisatum  — /.  et  de 
Potassium,  cyanure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanure- 
tum — /.  et  de  Potassium,  protocyanure  de,  Potas- 
sii Ferrocyanuretum — /.  RSduit  par  Vhydrogene, 
Ferri  pulvis— /.  Sulphate  de,  Ferri  Sulphas  — 
/,  Sulphure  de,  Ferri  Sulphuretum — /.  Tannate 
<le,  Ferri  tannas — /.  Valerianate  de,  Ferri  Vale- 
rianae. 

FERALIS  PEDICULUS,  Bee  Pedieulus. 

FERINE,  Feri'nus;  'savage,  brutal;'  The- 
rio'des.  A  term,  applied  to  any  malignant  or 
noxious  disease.  In  France  it  is  used  only  when 
joined  to  Toux;  Toux  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate, 
and  painful  cough. 

FERMENT,  Fermen'tum,  (qanaifervimentum,) 
Zyma,  Zymo'ma,  Leven,  (F.)  LSvain.  The  Ia- 
trochymists  applied  this  name  to  imaginary  sub- 
stances, Fermen'ta  mor'bi,  to  which  they  attri- 
buted the  power  of  producing  disease,  by  exci- 
ting a  fermentation  in  the  humours. 

FERMENTA'TION,  Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
^Bstua'tio,  Causis,  Brasmos.  An  intestinal  move- 
ment, occurring  spontaneously  in  a  liquid;  whence 
result  certain  substances,  that  did  not  previously 
exist  in  it. 


The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  diseases 
to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  humours. 

Fermentation,  Putrefactive,  Putrefaction. 

FERMENTUM  CEREVISIJE,  Yest^-f.  Morbi, 
Ferment — f.  Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

FERN,  BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia  —  f. 
Cinnamon,  Osmunda  cinnamomea  —  f.  Eagle, 
Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Female,  Asplenium  fllix  foe- 
mina,  Pteris  aquilina — f.  Gale,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia— f.  Male,  Polypodium  filix  mas — f.  Meadow, 
Comptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Rock,  Adiantum  pe- 
dotum — f.  Root,  Polypodium  vulgare — f.  Sweet, 
Adiantum  pedatum,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — f. 
Sweet,  shrubby,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

FERNAMBUCO  WOOD,  Caosalpinia  echinata. 

FERRAMEN'TUM,  Side'rion,  Jnstrumen'tum 
fer'reum.  Any  surgical  instrument  made  of 
iron.  By  the  vulgar,  in  France,  the  word  ferre- 
ments  means  the  instruments  used  in  difficult 
labours. 

FERRARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica, 

FERRATUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERREIN,  Canal  op,  Ductus  Ferrei'ni.  A 
triangular  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  to 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  free  edges 
of  the  eyelids  applied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye ; 
and  which  he  considered  adapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puncta  lachrymalia,  during 
sleep.    The  canal  is,  probably,  imaginary. 

The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  corti- 
cal canals, — the  first  portions  of  the  uriniferoua 
ducts,  whilst  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney. 

Ferrein,  Pyr'amid  op,  Pyr'amis  Ferrei'ni. 
Each  of  the  papilla?  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrein,  con  piste  of,  at  least,  700  subordinate 
cones  or  pyramids.  To  these  last  the  names  'py- 
ramids of  Ferrein,'  Pyram'ides  rena'les  Ferrei'ni, 
Fascic'uli  pyramida'les,  have  been  given. 

FERRI  ACE'TAS,  Extrac'tum  mortis  ace'ti- 
cum,  Ace'ticum  martia'U,  Ac"etate  of  Iron,  Iron 
Liquor,  (F.)  Acitate  de  fer.  A  preparation  of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia,  made  by  digesting  1 
part  of  carbonate  of  iron  in  6  parts  of  acetic  acid 
for  three  days,  and  filtering.  Dose,  as  a  tonic 
and  astringent,  TT\,v  to  Tt^xx,  in  water. 

Ferri  JSrugo,  F.  Subcarbonas — f.  et  Ammo- 
nias murias,  Ferrum  ammoniatnm — f.  Ammonio* 
chloridum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

Ferri  et  Alv'mism  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Iron 
and  Alumina,  is  made  by  treating  bicarbonated 
solution  of  soft  iron  and  carbonated  solution  of 
pure  washed  alumina,  with  sulphuric  acid.  It 
has  been  recommended  as  a  valuable  astringent 
Dose,  from  five  to  ten  grains. 

Ferri  Aiwo'nio-citras,  Ammonia  ferro-citrae, 
Ferrum  ammoni'aco-cit'ricum,  Ammonio-citrate 
of  iron,  Citrate  of  ammonia  and  iron.  Prepared 
by  adding  ammonia  to  citrate  of  iron,  bo  as  to 
neutralize  the  excess  of  acid.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr. 
viij.  A  Potabsio-Citratb  and  a  Sodio-Citratk 
op  Iron  have  also  been  introduced ;  and  a  Ci- 
trate of  the  Magnetic  Oxide  op  Iron  prepared 
by  combining  the  magnetic  oxide  with  citric  acid. 

Ferri  Ammonio-tartras,  Ammonio-tartrate  of 
Iron.  This  salt  is  best  made  by  dissolving  to 
saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated  oxide  of 
iron  in  a  solution  of  bitartrate  of  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  to  dryness.  It  is  very  soluble.  The 
dose  is  five  grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

Ferri  Arseniab,  Arseniate  of  Iron — f.  Borus- 
sias,  Prussian  blue — f.  Bromidum,  see  Bromine 
— t  Carbonas,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Carbonas  Sac- 
charatum,  see  F.  Protocarbonas — f.  Carbonatum, 
Graphites — f.  Carburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Citras,  Citrate  of  Iron.  Two  citrates 
of  iron  are  prepared — the  Sesauicitrate  or  Citrate 
of  the  Sesauioxidej  and  the  Jitrate  of  the  ProU 


FERRI 


872 


FERRI 


txide.  The  former  is  officinal  in  the  Ph.  XT.  6. 
They  resemble,  in  their  medical  properties,  the 
tartrate  and  the  lactate  of  the  metal. 

Fbbri  Cyanuretum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Deuto- 
earbonas  ftiscus,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Deutoxydum 
nigrum,  JSthiops  martial — f.  Ferrocyanas,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Ferrocyanuretum,  Prussian  blue  — 
f.  Hydriodas,  F.  Iodidum — f.  Hydrocyanaa,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Hypercarburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Io'didum,  F.  lodure'tum,  F.  Hydri'o- 
das,  Iodide,  loduret  or  Hydri'odaie  of  Iron,  (F.) 
lodnre  de  fer,  (lodin.  5ij,  Ferri  rament.  ^j,  Aq. 
destillat.  Oiss.)  Mix  the  iodine  with  a  pint  of 
the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or  glass  vessel, 
and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings,  stirring  con- 
stantly. Heat  the  mixture  gently  until  the  liquid 
acquires  a  light  greenish  colour;  then  filter,  and, 
alter  the  liquid  has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter 
half  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  boiling  hot 
When  this  has  passed,  evaporate  the  filtered  li- 
quor, at  a  temperature  not  exceeding  212°,  in  an 
iron  vessel,  to  dryness ;  keep  the  dry  iodide  in  a 
closely  stopped  bottle.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ferri  Ioduretum,  F.  Iodidum. 

Ferri  Lactas,  Lactate  of  Iron,  Lactate  of 
Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de  Fer.  Pre- 
pared by  digesting  in  a  sand-bath,  at  a  low  tem- 
perature, diluted  lactic  acid  with  iron  filings.  It 
is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  precipitated 
subcarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially  in  chlorosis. 
Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may  be  given  in  the 
24  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenges. 

Ferri  Limatu'ra  Purifica'ta,  Pu' rifled  Iron 
Filings : — purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  for 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scobs,  F.  Ramen'ta  et  Fila,  Martis  Limatu'ra, 
Spec' u  him  In'dicum,  Ferri  in  pul'verem  resolu'- 
tio,  (F.)  Limaille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered 
to  possess  the  general  properties  of  iron :  —  the 
iron  becoming  oxidized. 

Ferri  et  Magne'sms  Citrab,  Citrate  of  iron 
and  magne'sia,  is  prepared  by  dissolving  hydra- 
ted  oxide  of  iron  in  a  solution  of  citric  acid,  satu- 
rated with  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  evapora- 
ting to  dryness.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  and  does 
not  constipate.  Dose  from  four  grains  to  fifteen, 
in  solution. 

Ferri  Nitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis  — 
f.  Nitratis  Liquor,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis 
—  f.  Oxidum  Fuscum,  F.  subcarbonas  —  f. 
Oxidum  Nigrum,  Oxydum  ferri  nigrum— f.  Oxi- 
dum hydratura,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — 
f.  Oxidum  rubrum,  Colcothar,  Ferri  subcarbonas 
— f.  Oxidum  hydratum,  Ferrum  et  Oxydum  hy- 
dratum— f.  Percyanidum,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Phosphab,  Phosphate  of  Iron,  (Ferri 
Sulphat.  2v,  Soda  Phosphat.  ^vi,  Aqua,  cong. 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and  phosphate  of 
soda,  severally,  in  four  pints  of  the  water;  then 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  that 
the  powder  may  subside ;  lastly,  having  poured 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  phosphate 
of  iron  with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  heat. 
— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains  as  a  chaly- 
beate.   Rarely  used. 

Ferri  Pila,  F.  limatura— f.  et  Potass®  tartras, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  Potassio-citras,  see  Ferri 
ammonio-citros — f.  Potassio-tartras,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 

Ferri  Protocarbo'hab,  Protocarbonate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Fer.  The  protocarbo- 
nate of  iron,  thrown  down  from  a  solution  of  the 
sulphate  of  iron  by  the  carbonate  of  soda,  readily 
attracts  oxygen  and  becomes  converted  into  the 
•esquioxide.  To  prevent  this,  it  may  be  asso- 
ciated with  honey  and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be 
reduced  by  evaporation  to  a  pilular  consistence. 
The  mass  constitutes  the  Ferruginous  Pills,  Pi- 


lules ferrugineuses,  of  Vallet,  Vallefs  Pid*.  8m 
Pilulsd  Ferri  Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia contains  the  Ferri  Car' bona*  Sacha- 
ra'tum,  Sac'charine  Carbonate  of  Iron,  prepared 
in  this  manner.  It  is  the  Ferrum  Carbon' icum 
Saccharatum  of  Elauer. 

The  protocarbonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron ;  ten  or  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twenty -four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulphab  Vibidis,  F.  Sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Pulvis,  Fer  rfduit,  F.  rfduit  par  fay- 
droglne,  Ferrum  metal'licum,  Powdered  iron, 
prepared  by  passing  a  stream  of  hydrogen  gat 
over  the  sesquioxide  of  iron,  contained  in  an  iro* 
or  porcelain  tube  heated  to  low  redness.  It  is 
very  liable  to  become  oxidated,  and  must  be  kept 
in  a  dry,  well-stopped  bottle.  It  has  been  pre- 
scribed in  anaemic,  and  especially  in  chlorotie 
cases.  The  ordinary  dose  is  two  grains  three  times 
a  day,  in  pill  made  with  sugar  and  gum.  A  for- 
mula for  its  preparation  is  given  in  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  (1851). 

Ferri  et  Qui' nub  Citras,  Citrate  of  Iron  and 
Qui' nia,  formed  by  the  union  of  four  parts  of 
citrate  of  iron  and  one  part  of  citrate  of  quinia, 
has  been  prescribed  in  cases  where  a  combination 
of  these  tonics  is  indicated. 

Ferri  Ramexta,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Rubigo,  F. 
Subcarbonas — f.  Scobs,  F.  limatura — t  Sesquiox- 
idum,  F.  subcarbonas  pracipitatus. 

Ferri  Skbquikitratis,  Liquor,  see  Tinctura 
Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sodio-tartras,  see  Ferri  et  am* 
monio-citras. 

Ferri  Subcar'bonab,  F.  Car'bonas,  Ferrum 
praci 'pita' 'turn,  Chal'ybis  Rubi'go  prapara'ta, 
Ferri  Rubigo.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well  aa 
Ferrufgo,  are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust, 
JEru'go  Ferri,  Cacafcrri,  formed  by  the  action 
of  moist  air  on  metallic  iron.)  A  protoxide  of 
iron,  oxidized  by  the  decomposition  of  water ;  the 
carbonic  acid  being  attracted  from  the  air.  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  gas  and  more. 

Ferri  Subcarbonas  may  be  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States: — Ferri  sidph.  Jviij;  soda  carb. 
Jix ;  aqua  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severally  in  four 
pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solutions,  and, 
having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by  that  the 
powder  may  subside:  having  poured  off  the 
liquor,  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot  water, 
wrap  it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  sesquioar'idum, 
Ox'idum  ferri  fuscum,  Ox'idum  ferri  rubrum, 
Deuto-car'bonas  Ferri  fuscus,  Crocus  martis  ape'- 
riens,  Sesquioxide  or  peroxide  of  iron,  (F.)  Per- 
oxide  defer,  Safran  de  Mars  apfritif. 

Ferri  Sulphas,  Sal  3Iartis,  Vitriolum  Martis, 
Vitriolum  Ferri,  Ferrum  Yitriola'tum,  Sulphas 
vel  Protosulphas  Ferri  virfidis,  Calcadinum,  CaF- 
cator,  CaVcotar,  Chalcan'thum,  Calcite'a,  Atra- 
men'tum  suto'rium,  Vit'riol,  Vitriolum  viridt, 
An'ima  Hcp'atis,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Green  Vitriol, 
Copperas,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  fer.  The  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States  directs  it  to  be  made 
by  the  action  of  mlphuric  acid  Jxvilj,  on  iron 
tcire,  cut  in  pieces,  Jxij — water,  a  gallon—evapo- 
rating, crystallizing,  and  drying  the  crystals  on 
bibulous  paper.  This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a 
strong  styptio  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green, 
transparent,  rhomboidal;  and  soluble  in  two  parts 
of  water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose, 
gr.  j.  to  vj  and  more. 

Ferri  Sulphas  Calciwatuit,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Sulphure'tuk,  SuPphuret  of  Iron,  Ircm 
pyri'tes,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  fer;  may  be  made  bj 


FERRICUS  HYDRAS 


373 


FEU  AOTUEL 


beating  one  part  of  sublimed  sulphur,  over  three 
parts  of  iron  filing*  in  a  crucible  until  the  mass 
begins  to  glow.  It  is  employed  as  a  ready  means 
for  obtaining  hydrosnlpharie  acid  gas  by  the  ad- 
dition of  sulphuric  or  ehlorohydrio  acid. 

Ferri  Tannas,  Ferrum  tan' ni cum,  Tannate  0/ 
Iron,  (F.)  Tannate  defer.  This  salt  is  usually  ob- 
tained by  adding  a  solution  of  a  rait  of  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron,  as  the  persulphate,  to  a  decoction 
of  nut-gall*.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent properties,  and  has  been  extolled  especially 
in  chlorosis. 

Ferri  Tartarttm,  Ferrum  tartarizatum —  f. 
Tritoxydum,  Cojcothar. 

Fbrri  Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria' nicum, 
Vale'rianate  of  Iron,  (Ft.)  VaUrianate  de  fer. 
Formed  by  the  action  of  valerianic  acid  on  oxide 
of  iron.  It  is  a  dark  brick-red  powder,  insoluble 
in  water,  and  has  been  given  in  hysteria  compli- 
cating chlorosis.     Dose,  from  two  to  four  grains. 

FBRRICUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  oxydum  hy- 
dratum. 

FERRUGINEUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGINOUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy- 
datum  hydratum. 

FERRUM,  Mare,  Side'ros,  Metal' I  urn  hamato- 
poiit'icum,  Iron,  (F.)  Fer.  A  metal  of  a  bluish- 
gray  colour ;  fibrous  texture ;  brilliant  and  fine- 
grained fracture.  Specific  gravity  7.600  to  7.800  ; 
hard,  ductile,  malleable,  and  magnetic.  The  me- 
dicinal virtues  of  iron  are  tonic ;  producing  fetid 
eructations,  when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its 
meeting  with  acid  in  the  stomach,  which  oxidizes 
it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gas. 
When  given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  filings  are 
ohiefly  used ;  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most 
commonly  employed. 

Ferrum  Ammoniacali,  F.  ammoniatum  —  f. 
Ammoniaco-citrioum,  Ferri  ammonio-citras. 

Ferrum  Amuonia'tum,  Mu'rias  Ammo'nim  et 
Ferri,  Ferri  ammo'nio-chlo'ridum,  Floret  martia'- 
lee,  Floree  talis  ammoni'aci  martia'let,  Ent  mar- 
tis, Ent  Ven'eris  Boy' lei,  Sal  martit  muriat1  i  cum 
sublima'tnm,  Sal  ammoni'aeum  martia'li,  Ammo'- 
nium  muriat' icum  mar tia' turn  sen  martia'li,  Aroph 
ParaceVti,  Calen'duto  miner  a' let,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niaca'li,  Ammo' nia ted  Iron,  Ammo'nio-chloride 
of  Iron,  (F.)  Muriate  (Fammoniaque  et  defer.  A 
mixture  of  the  hydro-chlorates  of  ammonia  and 
iron.  (?)  (Ferri  Subcarb.  Jitf  ;  acid  muriat.  f  3jx; 
ammon.  muriat.  Ibijss ;  aq.  dettillat.  Oiv.  Mix  the 
subcarbonate  with  the  acid  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
digest  for  two  hours;  then  add  the  muriate,  previ- 
ously dissolved  in  distilled  water,  and  having  fil- 
tered the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub  to 
powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Ferrum  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue— f.  Car- 
bonioum  Saccharatum,  Ferri  protocarbonas  —  f. 
Cyanogenatum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Hamatitee, 
Haematites — f.  Magnes  attraotorium,  Magnet — f. 
Metallioum,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Ferrum  Oxyda'tum  Htbra'tum,  Ferri  Oxi- 
dum  Hydra' turn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ferru'go,  Hydras 
Fer'ricus,  Hydro-oxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated  Oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydrated  peroxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated 
Tritoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  by  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increasing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  acid,  and  pre- 
cipitating the  oxide  by  adding  pure  ammonia  in 
excess,  washing  the  precipitate,  and  keeping  it 
moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States :  Ferri  Sulpk. 
Jiv;  acid,  sulphuric,  f  giiiss;  acid,  nitric,  f  £vi, 
yel  q.  s.,  Liq.  ammonia  q.  a.,  aqua  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  in  the  water,  and  having 


added  the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution  :  then 
add  the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  the 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammoniss  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly ;  wash  the  precipitate  with  water,  until  the 
washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with  chlo- 
ride of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles  with 
water  sufficient  to  cover  it 

It  has  been  brought  forward,  of  late,  as  an  an- 
tidote to  arsenic ;  and  many  cases  of  its  efficacy 
have  been  published. 

From  10  to  20  parts  of  the  hydrated  oxide 
would  seem  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  convert 
1  part  of  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt  of  iron. 

Ferrum  Oxydulatum  Hydrocyanicum,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Potabile,  F.  tartarizatum — f.  Preeci- 
pitatum,  Ferri  subcarbonas.  % 

Ferrum  Tannxcum,  Ferri  tannas. 

Ferrum  Tartariza'tum,  Tartras  Potas'sa  et 
Ferri,  Tar'tarum  Ferri,  Ferri  et  Potatsa  Tartras, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Tar'tarus  chalybea'tut,  Mars  solu'bi- 
lis,  Tartras  hal'ico-fer'ricus,  Chalybs  tartariza'- 
tus,  Tartarus  mania' lis,  Ferri  potassio-tartras, 
Tartras  Potas'sa  ferrugino'tus,  Ferrum  potab' Hi, 
Globus  martia'lis,  Glob'uli  Tar'tarimartia'les  seu 
martia'les  solu'ti  seu  mania' ti  seu  tartra'tis  ferri 
et  lixiv'ia,  Boli  Martit,  Pyri  mania'les,  Tartar- 
ized  Iron,  Tartrate  of  Potatsa  and  Iron,  (F.)  Tar- 
trate de  potasse  et  defer,  Bottle  de  Mars,  Boule  de 
Nancy,  B.  de  Molsheim,  B.  d'Acier.  (Ferri  sub- 
carb. jiij,  Acid,  muriat.  f  §x;  Liquor  Potasscr, 
Ovssj  Potass.  Bitart.  J  vyss,  Aqua  destillat.  cong. 
iss.  Mix  the  subcarbonate  of  iron  and  the  muri- 
atic acid,  and  digest  for  two  hours ;  pour  the  so- 
lution into  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water;  set 
aside  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  supernatant 
liquor.  To  this  add  the  liquor  potassss ;  wash  the 
precipitate  formed  frequently  with  water,  and, 
while  yet  moist,  mix  it  with  the  bitartrate  of  po- 
taesa  and  half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water. 
Keep  the  mixture  at  the  temperature  of  140°  for 
30  hours,  frequently  stirring ;  filter  the  solution, 
and  evaporate  by  means  of  a  water  bath,  at  the 
same  temperature,  to  dryness. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
is  one  of  the  mildest  of  the  salts  of  iron,  and  not 
unpalatable.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gss. 

The  Tinctu'ra  Martis  Aperiti'va,  Tincture  of 
Ludwig;  AVcohol  cum  Sulpha' ti  Ferri  tartarisa'- 
tus;  Tinctura  Martis  Glauberi  is,  essentially,  a 
solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called  Eau  de 
Boule,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

Helvetia's  Styptic  was  composed  of  the  filings 
of  iron  and  tanar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  called  in  England 
Eaton's  Styptic/  but  this  is  now  formed  of  Sul- 
phate of  Iron. 

Ferrum  Valeriaxicum,  Ferri  Valerianae  —  £ 
Vitriolatum,  Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vitriolatum  ustum, 
Colcothar — f.  Zooticum,  Prussian  blue. 

FERTILITY,  Fecundity.   r 

FER'ULA,  Fanon,  Palette,  Splint— f.  Africana, 
Bubon  galbanum — f.  Asafoetido,  see  Asafoetida — 
f.  Graveolens,  Anethum  graveolens  —  f.  Opopo- 
nax,  Pastinaca  opoponax  —  £  Persica,  see  Saga- 
penum. 

FERUS,  Homicidal. 

FESSES,  Nates. 

FESSIER,  Gluteal—/.  Grand,  Gluteus  maxi- 
mus — f.  Moyen,  Gluteus  medius — /.  Petit,  Glu- 
teus minimus. 

FETID,  Fce'tidus,  Dyto'det,  Caco'det,  Bromof- 
sus,  Graveolens.    Having  a  bad  smell. 

FETUS,  Foetus. 

FEU  AOTUEL,  Cauterium— /.  Persique,  Her- 
pes zoster,  see  Anthrax—/.  Potential,  see  Caute* 


FEUX  DE  DENTS 


374 


FEVER 


riam— /.  Sacrt,  Erysipelas—/.  St.  Antoine,  Ery- 
sipelas—/. Sauvage,  Ignis  sylvaticus— /.  Volage, 
Ignis  sylvaticus. 

J^cOT  DE  DENTS,  Strophulus-; f.  Volages, 
Porrigo  larvaiis. 

F&VE,  Vicia  faba— /.  de  Carthagine,  Habilla 
de  Carthagena — /.  d  Oochon,  Hyoscyamus — f. 
Epaisse,  Sedum  telephium— /.  des  Marais,  Vicia 
faba— /.  de  Sainte  Ignace,  Ignatia  amara— /.  Pur- 
gatif,  Ricinus  communis. 

FEVER,  Febris,  from  feritas,  'wildness,'  or 
from  fervor,  *  heat,'  or  from  februo,  '  I  purify :' 
Pyrt  Pyr'etos,  wvpms,  (F.)  Fiivre.  One  of  the 
moat  frequent  and  dangerous  affections  to  which 
the  body  is  liable.  A  person  has  an  attack  of 
fever,  when  he  is  affected  with  rigors,  followed  by 
increased  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  languor,  and 
lassitude.  Rigors,  increased  heat,  and  frequency 
of  pulse  have  each  been  assumed  as  the  essential 
character  of  fever.  It  is  not  characterized,  how- 
ever, by  any  one,  but  depends  upon  the  coexist- 
ence of  many  symptoms.  Fevers  have  been  usu- 
ally divided  into  idiopathic  or  essential,  and  into 
symptomatic.  The  idiopathic  arise  without  any 
obvious  local  cause.  The  symptomatic  are  de- 
pendent upon  local  irritation.  Idiopathic  fevers 
may  be  divided  into  three  classes :  1.  Those  at- 
tended with  distinct  paroxysms : — intermittent*. 
2.  Remittent  and  oontinued  fevers :  and,  3.  Fevers 
complicated  with  eruptions  or  the  exanthema- 
tous.  These  divisions  admit  of  great  variety, 
owing  to  climate,  season,  soil,  age,  Ac.  All  ages 
and  climates  are  liable  to  fever ;  and  its  exciting 
causes  are  very  numerous.  These  causes  may  be 
common;  as  irritations  in  the  intestines ;  external 
injuries,  stimulants,  Ac;  or  they  may  be  specific; 
as  miasmata,  contagion,  Ac.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity has  prevailed  regarding  the  theory  of  fever. 
Its  primary  seat  has  been  placed  in  the  brain, 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  intestines, 
skin,  nerves,  blood-vessels,  liver,  vena  cava,  pan- 
creas, Ac  It  would  seem,  however,  that  al- 
though, in  fever,  the  whole  of  the  functions  are 
morbidly  impressed,  the  arguments  in  favour  of 
the  impression  being  first  made  on  the  nervous 
system  and  the  system  of  nutrition  are  the 
strongest.  The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever 
it  may  be,  produces  an  irregular  action  in  the 
system  of  nutrition,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the 
rest  of  the  system,  owing  to  the  extensive  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  every  part  of  the 
body ;  and  it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local  in- 
flammations and  congestions  are  the  consequence, 
rather  than  the  oauBe,  of  this  disordered  condi- 
tion of  the  system.  The  general  character  of 
fever  is  clearly  shown  by  examination  of  the 
blood.  When  fever  is  devoid  of  inflammatory 
complication,  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  in  no  case 
augmented.  It  frequently  remains  in  the  healthy 
proportion,  and  at  times  diminishes  to  an  extent 
not  met  with  in  any  other  acute  disease.  The 
alteration  of  the  blood  in  fevers,  which  consists 
generally  in  a  diminution  of  the  fibrinous  element, 
lis  the  reverse  of  what  oocurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  periodicity,  which  we  notice  in  the  execution 
of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

In  the  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important,  1.  To 
bear  in  mind  its  tendency,  particularly  in  the  case 
of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite  course,  and 
terminate  in  restoration  to  health.  2.  The  dispo- 
sition to  local  determination  or  hyperemia): — 
the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal  termination 
*f  fever:  a  circumstance  requiring  the  vigilant 
attention  of  the  physician. ,  3.  That  the  symp- 


toms must  be  attentively  studied,  in  order  to  de- 
duce, as  far  as  possible  from  them,  the  indications 
of  cure.  Lastly,  attention  must  be  paid  to  to* 
prevalent  epidemic  There  are  particular  seasons 
in  which  fevers  are  very  malignant,*  and  others 
in  which  they  are  as  mild j  circumstances  which 
necessarily  have  an  effect  upon  the  treatment. 

Fbvbr  and  Ague,  Intermittent  Fever — f.  Ac- 
climating, F.  strangers'. 

Fbvbr,  Adb'no-Mbntngb'al,  Febris  euU'mo- 
meningea,  Febris  mesenter'ica  (Baglivi,)  Morbus 
muco'sut,  Febris  mueo'sa;  Mucous  fever,  Gastro- 
duodenop'ura,  Pitu'itous  Fever,  Catarrhal  Fever, 
Phlegmai/yra,  Phlegmop'yra,  Phlegtnatop'yra, 
Oastro-  Bronchi' tie.  Fever,  accompanied  with 
considerable  mucous  secretion;  especially  from 
the  digestive  tube. 

Fbvbr,  Adynam'ic,  Febris  adynam'ica,  Asthe- 
nicop'yra,  Asthenicopy'retus,  Asthenop'yra,  Asthe- 
nopyr'etus.  Fever  attended  with  great  prostra- 
tion of  the  vital  powers— as  Typhoid  and  Typhus 
fever. 

Fbvbr,  Africa*,  Febris  Afriea'na.  The  ma- 
lignant bilious  remittent  fever,  which  prevails  on 
the  Western  Coast  of  Africa. 

Fever,  Algid,  see  Algidus. 

Fbvbr,  Anom'alous,  Febris  anom'ala,  F.  er- 
rat'ioa,  F.  irregularis,  F.  vaga.  A  fever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fbvbr,  Aphon'ic,  Febris  apho'nica.  A  variety 
of  intermittent,  in  which  the  voice  is  lost  during 
the  paroxysm. 

Fbvbr,  Apoplbc'tic,  Febris  apoplec'tica,  Com'- 
atose  Fever,  Febris  comato'des,  F.  Letkar'giea,F. 
soporo'sa.  An  intermittent  or  oontinued  fever, 
attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fbvbr,  Articular  Eruptive,  Dengue— f.  Ar- 
ticular rheumatic,  Dengue. 

Fever,  Artificial,  Febris  arUfieia' lis,  Febris 
arts  promo' t a.  Fever  produced  designedly  by 
the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Febris  asthen'ica.  Fever 
accompanied  with  debility.  It  may  include  every 
variety  of  fever  under  certain  circumstances,  but 
is  generally  appropriated  to  typhus. 

Fever,  Asthmat/ic,  Febris  asthmaficeu  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  asthma. 

Fever,  Ataxo-adyn  am'ic  ;  Febris  atax'o-ady- 
nam'ica.  Fever  characterised  by  symptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Fbvbr,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow  —  t  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Fever,  Bil'ious,  Febris  bilio'sa,  F.  polychoV- 
ica,  Syn'ochus  bilio'sa,  F.  aso'dee,  F.  choler'ica, 
F.  gas'triea,  F.  hepat'ica,  Oholep'yro,  Cholepyr'- 
etus,  Hepatogastrocholo'sis,  Febris  cholepyret'iem, 
Enterop'yra  bilio'sa,  Choloze'inia  febri'Hs.  The 
common  remittent  fever  of  summer  and  autumn ; 
generally  supposed  to  be  owing  to,  or  connected 
with,  derangement  of  the  biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow — f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Bol  Vista.  A  malignant  bilious  re- 
mittent fever,  greatly  resembling  yellow  fever, 
which  was  very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po,  and  in 
ships  in  its  waters,  in  the  year  1845. 

Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal  fever, 
which  prevailed  amongst  the  troops  of  the  garri- 
son at  Bona  in  Algeria,  from  1882  to  1835. 

Fever,  Bone,  see  Inflammation  —  f.  Bouquet, 
Dengue  —  f.  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis — L 
Brain,  water,  Hydrocephalus  internus— f.  Bucket* 
Dengue — f.  Bulam,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Camp,  Ty- 
phus gravior. 

Fbvbr,  Cardial'gic,  Febris  cardiai'giesu    A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  aceompaai 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 


fever 


375 


FEVJ5R 


Fbvbr,  Cardit'ic.  Intermittent  fever,  accom- 
panied with  pain  at  the  heart 

Fbvbr,  Catarrhal,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fbvbr,  Cbphalal'gic,  FebrU  cephalalfaica. 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  in- 
tense pain  of  the  head.  Also,  intermittent  ce- 
phalalgia. 

Fbvbr,  Chphal'ic,  Febris  oephal'ica.  A  fe- 
brile affection  of  children — intermediate  between 
the  acute  form  of  active  cerebral  congestion"  and 
the  chronic  form  —  which  is  attended  by  fever, 
pain  in  the  head,  disorder,  or  more  generally 
constipation  of  the  bowels,  and  a  train  of  pheno- 
mena often  supposed  to  be  premonitory  of  an  at- 
tack of  hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 

Fbvbr,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  ge- 
nerally of  an  ataxic  character,  In  which  the  brain 
is  considerably  affected. 

Fbvbr,  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal,  Puerperal 
Fever  —  f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fbvbr,  Chol'bric,  Febris  eholer'ica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 

Fbvbr,  Cholbric,  or  Infants,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Fbvbr,  Chronic,  FebrU  ckron'tca.  Some  au- 
thors apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers ;  others 
to  hectic  fever. 

Fbvbr,  Colliquative,  FebrU  taVida,  FebrU 
eolUquati'vcu  Fever,  characterized  by  rapid 
emaciation,  copious  evacuations,  antl  rapid  pros- 
tration of  strength. 

Fever,  Comatose,  F.  apoplectic 

Fbvbr,  Cokobs'tivb,  FebrU  eongestVva.  Fe- 
ver accompanied  by  obscure  symptoms;  or  by 
great  oppression  and  depression;  in  which  it  is 
difficult — and  often  impossible — to  induce  reac- 
tion. Congestive  fevers  occur  in  various  parts 
of  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall ;  and  they 
are  very  common  in  India.  The  term  congestive 
fever  is  often  used  in  some  parts  of  the  south  of 
the  United  States  very  indefinitely — to  include 
winter  typhus,  and  typhoid  fevers,  typhoid  pneu- 
monia, as  well  as  intermittent*  and  autumnal  re- 
mittents.— Diokson. 

Fbvbr,  Continent,  see  Continent  and  Con- 
tinued fever — f.  Continual,  see  Continued  fever 
—  f.  Continued,  oommon,  Synoohus. 

Fever,  Convul'sivb,  FebrU  convuUi'va.  A 
pernicious  intermittent  or  remittent,  accompanied 
by  convulsions. 

Fbvbr,  Deur'iotjs,  Febris  cum  delir'io,  (F.) 
Fivire  dilirante.  A  pernioioue  intermittent,  cha- 
racterized by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 

Fever,  Dep'uratory,  Febris  depurato'ria. 
A  fever,  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
purifying  the  blood;  or  which  indicated,  that 
such  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred. 

Fbvbr,  Diaphoret'ic,  FebrU  diaphoret'ica, 
FebrU  sudato'ria.  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 

Fbvbr,  Diary,  Ephemera. 

Fbvbr,  Digb»'ttvb.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fbvbr,  Double,  (F.)  Film  double  on  doublie. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
given  time,  instead  of  one. 

Fbvbr,  Double-Quartan.  A  fever,  whose 
paroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and  foil 
the  third  day ;  the  first  paroxysm  resembling  the 
4th ;  and  the  second  the  5th. 

Fbvbr,  Double-Quotidian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  twice  every  day  at  cor- 
responding hours. 

Fbvbr,  Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  day;  the  first 


corresponding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th,  and  so  on. 

Fbvbr,  Duodec"ihahb,  FebrU  duodecim'ana. 
A  supposititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  on  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

Fbvbr,  Dynamic,  Synocha — f.  Endemial,  Re- 
mittent F.  —  f.  Endemic,  Remittent  F.  —  f.  En- 
dcmical,  Remittent  F. — f.  Enteric,  see  Typhus — 
f.  Ephemeral,  Ephemera. 

Fbvbr,  Bpilep'tic,  FebrU  epilep'tica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  attacks  of  epilepsy. 

Fbvbr,  Erot'ic,  FebrU  eroVica,  (F.)  Fiivre 
cT amour.  A  chronic  fever,  occasioned  by  unpro- 
pitious  love. 

Fbvbr,  Errat'ic,  see  Erratic  — f.  Eruptive, 
Exanthematioa  —  f.  Eruptive,  articular,  Dengue 
— f.  Exacerbating,  Remittent  Fever. 

Fbvbr,  Fainting,  op  Persia.  A  singular  and 
fatal  epidemic,  presenting  Borne  points  of  analogy 
with  cholera,  which  prevailed  at  Teheran  in  the 
autumn  of  1842. 

Fbvbr,  Gan'grshous,  FebrU  gangramo'de*. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  gangrene  of  various  parts, 
and  especially  of  the  limbs  and  genitals.  Stinao 
describes  an  intermittent  of  this  kind. 

Fbvbr,  Gastral'gic.  An  intermittent  accom- 
panied with  acute  burning  lacerating  pain  at  the 
stomach. 

Fbvbr,  Gastric,  /Verts  gas'trica,  F.  gas'trica 
bilio'sa,  Qastrochoto'sU,  Hepatogastrocholo'sis, 
Stomach' ic  fever,  Svn'ochxu  Bilio'sa,  A  name, 
given  by  some  to  bilious  fever,  which  has  ap- 
peared to  them  to  be  dependent  on  an  affection  of 
the  stomach.  Also,  called  Menin' go-gastric  fever, 
FebrU  meningo-gae'trica,  Meningo-gastri'tis,  Har- 
vest fever,  (F.)  FQvre  de  la  Moisson,  F.  M&ningo- 
gastrique, 

Fbvbr,  Ga8tro-Ady5Am'ic,  FebrU  gastro- 
advnam'ica,  A  fever,  in  which  the  symptoms 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adynamic 
fever. 

Fbvbr,  Gastro-Angiotew'ic.  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  bilious  are  united  with 
those  of  inflammatory  fever. 

Fbvbr,  Gastro-Atax'ic.  A  fever,  in  which 
the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow— f.  Harvest, 
F.  Gastric— f.  Hmmagastrio,  F.  yellow. 

Fever,  H^mop'toic,  FebrU  Jlamopto'ica.  A 
variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  periodi- 
cal haemoptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fbvbr,  Hay,  Catarr'hus  essti'tms,  Summer  Ca- 
tarrh, Hay  Asthma,  Hose  Catarrh,  Summer  Bron- 
chi'tis.  A  catarrh  to  whioh  certain  persons  are 
subject  in  summer,  and  whioh  has  been  ascribed 
in  England  to  the  effluvium  of  hay,  but  this  is 
not  the  probable  cause.  It  is  a  catarrh  with 
sneezing,  headaeh,  weeping,  snuffling  and  cough, 
with,  at  times,  fever  and  general  discomfort.  It 
is  not  uncommon  in  this  country.  It  disappears 
spontaneously,  —  to  recur  on  subsequent  yean 
about  the  same  period. 

Fbvbr,  Hebdom'adal.  A  supposititious  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on  the  same 
day. 

Fbvbr,  Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fever,  Hepat'ic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A  perni- 
cious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the  right 
hypochondrium. 

Fever,  Hill.  A  modification  of  remittent, 
occurring  in  the  hilly  districts  of  India. 

Fever,  Hospital,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fbvbr,  Hu 'moral,  FebrU  humora'lis.  Fevef, 
in  whioh  an  alteration  or  deterioration  of  the  hu- 
mours is  suspected. . 


FEVER 


876 


FEVER 


Fever,  Hun'gart,  Febris  Bungar'ica  sen 
Pannonfiea  sen  Morbus  Ungarficus,  Cephalon'- 
osus,  VermU  ccr'ebri,  (F.)  Fiivre  HongroUe  on 
rf«  Hongrie.  An  epidemic  typhus,  common 
amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in  Hungary. 

Fever,  Hydrophobic,  FebrU  hydrophob'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent  with  dread  of  liquids. 

Fever,  Hyster'ic,  FebrU  hyster'ica.  Hyste- 
ria, accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occurring 
with  each  paroxysm  of  intermittent. 

Fever,  Icter'ic,  Febris  icter'ica.  Fever,  ac- 
companied by  jaundice.  Some  intermittent*  ex- 
hibit this  complication  at  each  paroxysm. 

Fever,  In'fantile  Remit'tent,  FebrU  infan- 
tum remit' tens y  F.  vermino'sa,  ( of  many),  Spurious 
worm  fever,  Remittent  fever  of  children,  IVniuco'- 
sa  vermino'sat  Hee'tiea  infan'tilU,  Febris  tenia. 
A  fever  occurring  in  childhood,  which  often  as- 
sumes many  of  the  characters  of  hydrocephalus. 
It  appears  generally  to  be  dependent  upon  a 
morbid  condition  of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
Fever,  Inflammatory,  Synocha. 
Fever,  Insid'ious.  Fever,  which,  at  first, 
seems  devoid  of  danger,  but  subsequently  becomes 
of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 

Fever,  Intermittent,  see  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Jail,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Jungle,  see  Jungle 
fever  —  f.  Lenticular,  Miliary  fever — t  Irritative, 
Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Lo'chial,  Febris  lochia'lis.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 
Fever,  Lung,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 
Fever,  Malig'nant,  FebrU  malig'na.  Fever 
which  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and  sub- 
sequently becomes  formidable.  Any  fever  which 
exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect.  Typhus  gra- 
vior. 

Fever,  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever, 
yellow  —  f.  Marsh,  Elodes  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masked,  FebrU  larva' ta,  (F.)  Filvre 
laroie,  Dead  Ague,  Dumb  Ague.  Anomalous  in- 
termittent, the  paroxysms  of  which  have  not  the 
regular  stages. 
Fever,  Meningo- gastric,  Fever  gastric. 
Fever,  Mesenteric,  FebrU  mcsenter'ica.  A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever 
which  appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the 
mucous  or  bilious. 

Fever,  Milk,  FebrU  lac' tea,  (F.)  Filvre  de 
lait  ou  laiteuse,  F.  lactic;  Galactop'yra,  Oalac- 
topyr'etus.  The  fever,  which  precedes  or  accom- 
panies the  secretion  of  milk  in  women  recently 
delivered.  It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third 
day  after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
pulse;  increased  heat,*  redness  of  face,-  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suspension  of  the  lochia!  dis- 
charge ;  tumefaction  and  tension  of  the  breasts. 
It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  often  with  profuse  perspiration.  It  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  with  dry  diet. 

Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus — f.  Mucous,  F.  ade- 
no-meningeal. 

Fever  NephriVic,  Febris  nephrit'ica.  Inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic  pain 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervous,  FebrU  nervo'sa  sen  neuro'- 
des,  Febris  lenta  nervo'sa,  Neurop'yra,  Neuropyr'- 
etus.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Typhus  mitior 
of  Gullen.  By  many,  however,  it  is  esteemed  a 
distinct  disease.    See  Typhoid  fever. 

Fevee,  Nervous,  with  Exanthbmatous 
Eruption,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Niger.  A  malignant  fever,  of  the 
bilious  remittent  kind,  which  proved  fatal  to 
many  in  the  expeditions  sent  out  by  the  British 
government  to  explore  the  Niger,  in  the  years 
jfcU-2.  and  previously 


Fever,  Non'ame,  Febris  nona'na.  A  supposi- 
titious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  ninth 
day,  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'tanb,  FebrU  octa'na.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  eighth  day. 

Fever,  Paludal,  Intermittent — f.  Paroxys- 
mal, Remittent  fever  —  f.  Periodic,  Intermittent. 
Fever,  Periodical,  FebrU  periodica.    An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever  Pernic"ious,  FebrU  pernicio'scu  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great  dan- 
ger,  and  which  destroys  the  majority  of  those 
affected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  paroxysms; 
sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pbstilen'tial,  FebrU  pest  ilentia' lis. 
The  Plague.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus.  The 
yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have,  like- 
wise, been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pestilential,  of  Cattle,  Murr — L 
Pituitous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Pleurit'ic.  An  intermittent  or  re- 
mittent, accompanied  with  inflammation  of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic,  FebrU  pneumon'ica.  An 
intermittent,  accompanied  with  inflammation  of 
the  lungs.  Also,  pneumonia. 
Fever  Poison,  see  Poison. 
Fever,  Pseudo.  Irritation,  morbid. 
Fever,  Puer'peral,  FebrU  pucrpera'lU,  Child- 
bed fever,  TF.)  Fiivre  puerpirale.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases,  su- 
pervening on  delivery.  It  means,  generally,  a 
malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which  runs  its 
course  very  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a  typhoid 
oondition,  unless  met,  at  the  very  onset,  by  the 
most  active  depleting  measures.  By  the  gene- 
rality of  practitioners,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  emi- 
nently contagious ;  some,  however,  deny  that  it 
is  so.    See  Peritonitis,  and  Puerperal  fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal  Adynamic  or  Malignant, 
see  Peritonitis. 
Fever,  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 
Fever,  Pu'rulent,  Febris  purulen'ia.  Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 
Fever,  Putrid,  Typhus  gravior. 
Fever,  Quintan,  FebrU  quinta'na.    A  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  fifth  day.    It  is 
seen  rarely,  or  never. 

Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian  —  f.  Red 
Tongue,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Reg'ular,  FebrU  reffula'ris  sen  ear- 
quisi'ta.  An  intermittent  whose  paroxysms  fol* 
low  a  determinate  type.  It  is  opposed  to  atypic 
Sometimes  opposed  to  anomalous. 

Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever — f. 
Remittent,  infantile,  see  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent —  f.  Remittent  of  children,  F.  infantile  re- 
mittent—  f.  Rheumatio,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  t 
Root,  Triosteum  perfoliatum. 

Fever,  §corbu'tic,  FebrU  scorbutica*  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompanies 
scorbutus  or  scurvy. 
Fever,  Seasoning,  F.,  strangers'. 
Fever,  Sec'ondary.  A  febrile  condition,  which 
recurs  in  certain  affections  after  having  ceased; 
such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which  comes  on  at 
the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous 
pustules,  or  as  the  eruption  of  scarlatina,  Ac, 
disappears. 

Fever,  Septan,  FebrU  septa' no.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 

Fever,   Sextan,   Febris  sexta'na,    A  fever, 

which  recurs  every  five  days,  and  consequently 

on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Ship,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Simple,  Febris  Simplex.   Simple  fever 

is  that  whioh  has  no  predominant  character — 


FEVB& 


sn 


FIBRE 


bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous ;  and  which  is 
unaccompanied  by  any  local  determination,  hy- 
peremia, or  complication.  It  may  be  continued, 
remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the  most 
favourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and  has  a 
tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided  only  the 
letdentia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is  conse- 
quently favourable,  and  the  treatment  simple ; 
consisting  in  perfect  repose  of  body  and  mind, 
abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  by  cold 
drinks. 

Fever,  Singul'tous,  Febrie  eingulto'ea  sen 
lygmo'dee  seu  lyngo'dee.  Fever,  accompanied 
with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Spotted,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Stercoral,  Febrie  etercora'lie.  Fever, 
produced  by  an  accumulation  of  feces  in  the  in- 
testines. 

Fever,  Stomachic,  Gastric  Fever. 

Fever,  Strangers',  AccW  mating  or  Seasoning 
fever.  Yellow,  or  remittent  fever,  which  is  en- 
demic in  certain  places,  and  to  which  strangers 
are  especially  liable. 

Fever,  Subcontinual,  Remittent  Fever. 

Fever,  Subintrant,  Febrie  subin' trans.  An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

Fever,  Sweating,  Sudor  Anglious. 

Fever,  Syncopal,  Febrie  eyneopa'lie,  F.  mi- 
nu'ta,  (F.)  FUvre  syncopate.  A  variety  of  per- 
nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
paroxysm,  one  or  more  faintings. 

Fever,  Synochoid,  Synochus. 

Fever,  Syphilit'ic,  Febrie  eyphilit'ica.  Fever, 
accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  a  syphilitic  taint 

Fever,  Ter'tiaic,  Febrie  tertia'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysm  returns  on  the  third  day,  and 
consequently  every  two  days. 

Fever,  Trag"ic,  Ftbrie  Trag"ica.  A  low 
fever,  in  which  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

Fever,  Traumat'ic,  Febrie  traumatica.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes  on  wounds  or  great  sur- 
gical operations. 

Fever,  Typhoid,  see  Typhus  —  f.  Typhoid,  of 
India,  Cholera— f.  Typhous,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Ver'minous,  Febrie  vermino'ea,  Hel- 
tninthop'yra,  Worm  fever.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

Fever,  Vernal,  Febrie  verna'lie.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittent*  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

"  An  ague  in  the  spring 
Is  physio  for  a  king." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Wal'cheren,  Gall-sickness.  „  The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
troops  were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
expedition  to  Walcheren,  in  1809. 

Fever,  Water  Brain,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
ims—  f.  "Winter,  see  Tongue,  black  —  f.  Worm, 
Verminous  F. — f.  Worm,  spurious,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent 

Fever,  Yellow,  Febrie  /lava,  F.  seu  Peetie 
America'na,  Cholo'eie  America' net,  Ochrotyphue, 
JLoimocholo'eie,  F.  flava  Americano* rum,  Pesti- 
len'tia  h&magae'trica,  Peetie  occidenta'lie  seu  in- 
tertrop'ica,  Vom'itue  niger,  Epan'etue  malignus 
flaw*,  Remitt'ene  ictero'dee,  Tritaoph'ya  Ameri- 
ca'na,  Typhus  ictero'dee,  F.trop'icue,  F.contin'ua 
pu'trida  ictero'dee  Garolinieneie,  F.  Elo'des  icte- 
ro'dee, Febrie  malig'na  bilio'eaAmer'ica,  Ochixtp'- 
yr**  Syn'ochue  ictero'dee,  Fiivre  matelote,  Febrie 
wuUig'na  fiava  In' dim  Occidenta'lie,  Ende'mial 


Caueue  of  the  Weet  Indie*,  Causus  trop'icu*  «*- 
dem'icue,  Bilious  remitting  yellow  fever,  Malignant 
pestilential  fever,  Fiivre  jaune  d  Amirique,  Fievr* 
gaetro-adynamique,  Typhus  miaematique  a  taxi  que 
putride  jaune,  T.  jaune,  Vomito  prieto,  Vomito 
negro,  Mai  de  Siam,  Fiivre  de  la  JBarbade,  F.  de 
Siam,  F.  Icterique,  F.  Qaetro-hfpatique,  Hwma- 
gae'tric  Fever  or  Pee'tiUnce,  Black  vomit,  Febrie 
tox'ica,  Febrie  trop'ica,  Typhus  d' Amirique,  Bu- 
lam  Fever,  Gibraltar  Fever,  Barcelona  Fever.  A 
very  acute  and  dangerous  febrile  affection;  so 
called,  because  complicated,  in  its  second  stage, 
with  jaundice,  and  accompanied  by  vomiting  of 
black  matter.  Sauvages,  Cullen,  and  others  re- 
gard it  as  a  variety  of  typhus ;  and  Pinel,  as  a 
species  of  gastro-adynamic,  or  bilious  putrid  fever. 
It  occurs,  endemically,  only  within  the  tropics ; 
but  it  has  been  met  with  epidemically  in  the 
temperate  regions.  Broussais  regards  the  disease 
as  gastro-enteritis,  exasperated  by  atmospheric 
heat;  so  that  it  runs  through  its  stages  with 
much  greater  rapidity  than  the  gastro-enteritis 
of  our  climates.  The  yellow  colour  of  the  skin, 
according  to  him,  is  owing  to  the  inflammation 
of  the  small  intestine, — and  especially  of  the  duo- 
denum, —  augmenting  the  secretion  of  the  liver, 
and  at  the  same  time  preventing  its  discharge 
into  the  duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affec- 
tion, as  well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The 
treatment  must  generally  be  of  the  most  active 
nature  at  the  onset;  consisting  in  bleeding  largely, 
and  exhibiting  mercury,  so  as  to  excite  a  new 
action,  if  possible;  —  the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic 

FEVERBUSH,  Laurus  benzoin,  Prinos. 

FEVER  DROPS,  Warburg's,  see  Bebeeru. 

FEVERET,  Febricula. 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria, 

FE'VERISH,  Fe'veroue,  Feb'riene,  Febrico'swe, 
(F.)  Filvreux,  from  febrie,  'fever.'  That  which 
causes  fever  or  is  febrifa'cient  or  febrif'ic;  as 
feverieh  food,  feverieh  diathesis,  Ac.  Also,  the 
state  of  one  labouring  under  fever,  Fevereich. 

FE'VERISHNESS,  Febricita'tio,  Febriculos9- 
ity.  The  state  of  having  fever.  A  slight  febrile 
disorder. 

FEVEROUS,  Feverish. 

FEVERROOT,  Pterospora  andromedea, 

FEVERSICK,  see  Feverish. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVERWOOD,  Laurus  bensoin. 

FEVERWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Tri- 
osteum. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 

FIBRA,  Fibre  —  f.  Anrea,  Coptis — £  Nervea, 
Nerve-fibre— f.  Sanguinis,  Fibrin. 

FIBRJ3  ARCIFORMES,  see  Arciform. 

FIBRE,  Fibra,  Ie,  Ctedon,  Filum.  An  organic 
filament,  of  a  solid  consistence,  and  more  or  less 
extensible,  which  enters  into  the  composition  of 
every  animal  and  vegetable  texture.  The  simple 
or  elementary  fibre  of  the  ancients,  from  a  parti- 
cular assemblage  and  arrangement  of  which  every 
texture  of  the  body  was  conceived  to  be  consti- 
tuted, seems  entirely  ideal.  The  moderns  usually 
admit,  with  Haller  and  Blumenbach,  three  ele- 
mentary fibres  or  tissues.  1.  The  cellular  or  lami- 
nated, formed  chiefly  of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitish 
colour  and  extensible,  which  seems  to  consist  of 
concrete  gelatin.  2.  The  nervous,  pulpy,  or  med'- 
ullary,  formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  in 
a  cellular  sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen 
united  to  a  fatty  matter.  3.  The  muscular,  com- 
posed of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish 
colour,  and  formed  of  fibrin.  Chaussier  has  added 
to  these  the  albugincous  fibre,  but  it  seems  so 


FIBRIL 


373 


FIDERIS 


aTffer  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater  con- 
densation of  the  molecules.     See  Fibrous. 

A  very  small  or  ultimate  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril, 
Fibril'la. 

Fibre,  ALBUQnreous,  see  Albuginea. 

FIBRES,  CONVERGING.  Nervous  fibres, 
whose  office  it  is  to  associate  different  portions 
of  the  nervous  centres  with  each  other.  They 
form  the  Commissure*. 

Fibres,  Diverging.  The  fibres  composing  the 
columns  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  which  separate 
in  their  progress  to  the  periphery  of  the  cerebrum 
and  cerebellum. — Gall  and  Spunheim. 

Fibres,  Remak.  Fibres  described  by  Remak 
as  peculiar  to  the  sympathetic  nerve,  but  which 
Valentin  considers  to  be  neurilemma,  and  to  con- 
sist of  fibro-cellular  bundles. 

FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FIBRILLA,  Fibril  — £  Muscularis,  Muscular 
fibre. 

FI'BRIN  or  Fib'rin,  Fibrins,  Fibri'na,  Fi- 
bri'ne,  Fibra  san'guinis,  Mate'ria  fibro'sa,  Lvm- 
pha  plas'tica.  An  immediate  animal  principle 
— solid,  white,  and  inodorous;  insipid;  heavier 
than  water;  without  action  on  the  vegetable 
blues:  elastic,  when  moist;  hard  and  brittle 
when  dry.  It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
ehyle  and  the  blood,  and  forms  the  chief  part  of 
the  muscles  of  red-blooded  animals.  In  certain 
diseased  actions,  Fibrin  or  Coagulable   lymph, 

Eluten,  is  separated  from  the  blood,  and  is  found 
i  considerable  quantity  on  the  surfaces  of  mem- 
branes, and  in  the  cavities  of  the  body.  See 
Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Fibrin  is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of 
vegetables,  and  differs  but  little  in  chemical  com- 
position from  animal  fibrin ;  nor  does  it  differ 
much  from  albumen  and  casein.  It  is,  however, 
more  organizable  than  either.  Albumen  appears 
to  be  converted  into  fibrin,  when  it  becomes  emi- 
nently adapted  for  the  formation  of  living  tissue. 

Fibrin  is  very  nutritious. 

FIBRINA'TION,  Fibrina'tio.  The  act  of 
adding  fibrin  to  the  blood.  The  opposite  to  defi- 
brination. 

FIB'RINOUS,  Fibrino'sus.  That  which  is  com- 
posed of  fibrin,  or  has  the  appearance  of  fibrin.  a 

FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexible. 
Fibro-cartilftges  are  distinguished  into, — 1.  Mem- 
braniformt  or  those  which  serve  as  moulds  to  cer- 
tain parts,  as  the  alee  nasi  and  eyelids.  2.  Vagi- 
ni/orm,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for  the 
sliding  of  tendons.  3.  Interarticular,  those  which 
are  met  with  in  the  moveable  articulations.  4. 
Uniting,  (F.)  Fibro-cartilagee  d' union,  which  form 
a  junction  between  two  bones,  as  the  symphysis 
pubis.  Fibro- cartilages  are  sometimes  formed 
adventitiously,  as  the  result  of  a  morbid  process 
In  different  organs. 

Fibro-Cartilaqes,  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus, 

FIBROMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FIBRO-MUCOUS,  Fibro-muco'sus.  Possess- 
ing the  nature  of  fibrous  and  of  mucous  mem- 
branes. A  term  applied  to  fibrous  membranes, 
which  are  intimately  united  with  other  mem- 
branes of  a  mucous  nature,  as  the  pituitary  mem- 
brane, the  membrane  cf  the  urethra,  Ac. 

FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibto-sero'sus.  Possessing 
the  nature  of  fibrous  and  serous  membranes. 
Membranes,  composed  of  a  fibrous,  and  a  serous 
sheet,  intimately  united:  —  as  the  Dura  Mater, 
Pericardium,  Tunica  albuginea  testis,  Ac. 

FFBROUS,  Fibro'su*.  Composed  of  fibres. 
Certain  membranes!  as  the  dun  mater,  perios- 


teum, ligamentous  capsules  of  the  joints,  Ac,  an 
fibrous.  The  fibrous  system  of  Bichat  includes 
the  system  of  organs  formed  by  the  albugineous) 
fibre  of  Chaussier.  It  comprises,  particularly, 
the  periosteum  and  perichondrium ;  the  articular 
capsules  and  ligaments ;  the  tendons ;  the  dura 
mater,  pericardium,  tunica  sclerotica,  tunica  al- 
buginea testis,  outer  membrane  of  the  spleen, 
Ac.  Under  simple  fibrous  tissues,  certain  writers 
have  classed  the  tchite  and  yellow  fibrous  tissues), 
and  areolar  tissue.  Both  the  yellow  and  the 
white  may  be  detected  in  the  areolar  tissue.  The 
white  is  said  to  exist  alone  in  ligaments,  tendons, 
fibrous  membranes,  aponeuroses,  Ae.  The  yelloic 
exists  separately  in  the  middle  coat  of  the  arte- 
ries, the  chordae  vocales,  ligamentum  nucha)  of 
quadrupeds,  Ac.  It  differs  from  the  white  in 
possessing  a  high  degree  of  elasticity. 

Fibrous  Growth,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  f.  Matter 
of  the  Brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  f.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB'ULA,  Cruris  ra'dim,  Canna  minor,  0s 
per'oni,  Perone'um,  Fac"ili  minus,  Sura,  Arnn'do 
minor,  Fist'ula  Cruris,  Tib'ia  min'ima,  Os  tib'itm 
minus,  *  a  clasp.'  The  splinter  bone  of  the  leg. 
(F.)  Pironi.  The  long,  small  bone,  situate  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  The  superior  or  tibial 
extremity  of  the  fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  tbe 
caput  or  head.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia. 
Its  inferior  or  tarsal  extremity  is  broader  than 
the  superior.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and 
astragalus,  and  forms  the  malleolus  erternus  or 
uter  ankle  by  means  of  its  coronoid  procem. 
The  body  of  the  bone  has  three  faces,  having 
more  or  less  prominent  edges.  It  is  separated 
from  the  tibia  by  the  interosseous  space,  and  is 
developed  by  three  points  of  ossification ;  one  at 
the  body,  and  one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevent* 
the  foot  from  turning  outwards. 

FIBULAD,  see  Fibular  Aspect 

FIBULAR,  Peroneal. 

Fibular  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  fibula  is  situated. — Barclay.  Fib9- 
ulad  iB  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  fibular  aspect.' 

FIBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FIC,  Ficus. 

FTC  A  IRE,  Ranunoulus  ficaria. 

FIC  ARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica — f.  Commu- 
nis, Ranunoulus  ficaria — 1  Ranunculoides,  Ra- 
nunculus ficaria — f.  Verna,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICATIO,  Ficus. 

FICOSA  EMINENTIA,  Ficus. 

FICUS,  Syce;  Sy'eea,  Syeum,  Syco'sis,  Syr**- 
ma,  Fica'tio,  Fico'sus  Tumor,  Fieo'sa  eminen'tia, 
Maris' ca,  (F.)  Fie.  A  fleshy  excrescence,  often 
soft  and  reddish,  sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous, 
hanging  by  a  peduncle,  or  formed  like  a  fig; 
occurring  on  the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus,  or 
organs  of  generation.  The  flci  seated  on  the 
last-mentioned  parts  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic 
character. 

Ficus,  F.  Carica. 

Ficus  Car'ica,  F.  commu'nis.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  fig  tree;  (F.)  Figuier.  Carica, 
Ficus,  Ficus  vulga'ris,  Ficus  commu'nis,  Svd, 
evKv,  (F.)  Figue:  the  fig — Ficus,  (Ph.  U.  8.)  — 
is  a  pleasant  fruit  when  ripe ;  as  well  as  when 
dried  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  found  in  tbe 
shops.  It  is  used,  at  times,  in  place  of  a  cata- 
plasm ;  especially  in  gum-boils. 

Frcus  Communis,  F.  Carica — f.  India)  grant* 
Coccus  cacti  —  f.  Indica,  Musa  paradisiaea,  see 
Caoutchouc  and  Lacca — f.  Religiosa,  see  Lacea. 

FIDERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters,  in  the  Canton  of  the  Orisons,  are  *tron& 
acidulous,  and  alkaline  and  possess  all  the  vir- 
tues of  the  class. 


FIDGBT8 


370 


FIOLE 


FIDGETS.  Of  doubtful  etymology.  Dy- 
phor'ia  simpUx,  D.  nervo'ea,  Erethis'mus  simplex, 
Titubaftio,  (P.)  FriHUement.  General  restless- 
ness and  troublesome  uneasiness  of  the  nerves 
and  muscles ;  with  increased  sensibility,  and  in- 
ability of  fixing  the  attention,  accompanied  with 
a  perpetual  desire  of  changing  the  position.  See 
Agacement  dee  Nerfe. 

FIDTCINALBS,  Lumbrieales  manus. 

FIEL,  Bile. 

FIELD  WEED,  Anthemia  cotula,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FI^VRE,  Fever—/  cTAccis,  Intermittent 
fever — /.  Adynamique,  Typhus — /.  Algide,  see 
Algidus — /.  a"  Amour,  Fever,  erotic — /.  Angeio- 
tinique,  Synooha — /.  Annuelle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
eases— /.  Ardent,  Ardent  fever,  Synooha — /. 
Ataxique,  Typhus — /  de  la  Barbade,  Fever, 
yellow — /.  Bulleuee,  Pemphigus — /.  dee  Camp*, 
Typhus  gravior  — /.  Catarrhale,  Catarrh  — /  Ca- 
tarrhaU  (pidimique,  Influenza—/.  Ciribrale,  Ce- 
rebral fever  — /.  Ciribrale  dee  En/ant,  Hydroce- 
phalus internus  — /.  Cholirique,  Choleric  fever — 
/.  de  Consomption,  see  Consumption — /.  Conti- 
nent* infiammatoire,  Synooha  — /.  Dilirante, 
Fever,  delirious — /.Double,  Fever,  double — /. 
DoubUe,  Fever,  doable  — /.  EnUro-meeentirique, 
Typhoid  fever—/,  lttique,  Hectic  fever—/  Gastro- 
adynamique,  Fever,  yellow — /  G  astro -htpa- 
tique,  Fever,  yellow  — /  Hcctique,  Hectic  fever 
— /  de  Hongrie,  Fever,  Hungario— /  (THSpital, 
Typhus  gravior — /  Ictirique,  Fever,  yellow — 
f.  Infiammatoire,  Synocha — /  Intermittente,  In- 
termittent fever — /  Intermittente  paludfenne,  see 
Elodes— /  Irritative,  Synocha—/  Jaune  d'Ami- 
rique,  Fever,  yellow—/  Lactie,  Fever,  milk  — / 
de  Lait,  Fever,  milk—/  Laiteuse,  Fever,  milk  — 
/  Larvie,  Fever,  masked  — /  Lenticulaire,  Ty- 
phus gravior—/  du  Levant,  Plague  — /  dee  Ma- 
rax* —  Intermittent  Fever — /  Matelote,  Fever, 
yellow—/  Miningo-gastrique,  Fever,  gastric — / 
Jfisentirique,  see  Typhus — /  de  la.  Moisson, 
Fever,  gastric—/  Morbilleuee,  Rubeola—/  JVer- 
veusc,  Typhus  mitior — /  Nosocomial*,  Typhus 
gravior—/  Ortiie,  Urticaria — /  Oscitante,  Osci- 
tant  fever—/  Paludienne,  see  Elodes — /  P4rio- 
dique,  Intermittent  fever — /  Piripnenmonique, 
Pneumonia--/  Pernicieuee  dilirante,  see  Delirious 
— -f.  Pleuritique,  Pleurisy— -/.  dee  Prisons,  Typhus 
gravior — /  Pneumonique,  Pneumonia — /  Pour- 
prie,  Scarlatina — /  Puerpirale,  Fever,  puerpe- 
ral, see  Peritonitis—/  Quarte,  Quartan—/  Quo- 
tidienne,  Quotidian — /  RSmittente,  Remittent 
fever — /  Rhumatiemale,  Rheumatism,  acute  — 
/  Rouge,  Roseolas,  Scarlatina—/  Sanguine,  Sy- 
nocha — /  Semitierce,  Hemitritssa  — /  de  Siam, 
Fever,  yellow — /  Suante,  Sudor  Picardicus — / 
Syncopale,  see  Fever  syncopal,  and  Syncopal—/ 
Tierce,  Tertian  fever,/  Typhoxde,  see  Typhus  — 
/  Visiculaire,  Pemphigus. 

FIEVREUX,  Feverish. 

FIG,  INDIAN,  Cactus  opuntia. 

FIGUE.  see  Ficus  carica. 

FIQUIER,  Ficus  carica—/  <TInde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGURA  VENOSA,  Ciroulus  venosus. 

FIGURATIO,  Imagination. 

FIGURE,  Countenanoe. 

FIGURJ&,  (F.)  An  epithet  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  bleeding 
from  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  also  been  called 
bandage  royal. 

FIGWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa  —  t  Water, 
greater,  Scrophularia  aquatioa. 

FILACEOUS,  Filamentous. 

FILA  NERVEA,  Nerve-fibres. 

FIL'AMENT,  Fihm,  Filamen'tum,  ttomfilum, 


'a  thread.'  This  word  is  used  synonymously 
with  fibril;  thus,  we  say,  a  nervous  or  cellular 
filament  or  fibril.  Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like 
substance,  which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  dis- 
eases, and  which  depends  on  a  particular  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary 
passages. 

FILAMEN'TOUS,  Filamento'eue.  Filaceous; 
threadlike ;  filiform.  Containing  threadlike  sub- 
stances, as  the  tunica  filamentoea  or  decidua: 
— Filamentous  urine;  urine  containing  thread- 
like substances. 

FILAMENTUM,  Frmnum. 

FILARIA  GUINEENSIS,  Dracunculns  —  t 
Hominis  bronchialis,  see  Worms — f.  Medinentis, 
Dracunculns — f.  Oouli,  see  Worms. 

FILBERT,  Corylns  avellana. 

FILELLUM,  Frssnum. 

FILET  (DE  LA  LANGUE,)  Fnenum— /  de 
la  Verge,  Frssnum  penis — /.  Opiration  du,  see 
Frsenum. 

FILETUM,  Frssnum  linguss. 

FILICULA,  Polypodium  filix  mas— f.  Dulds, 
Polypodium  vulgare. 

FIL'IFORM,  Filiform' ie,  (romfilum, '  a  thread/ 
and/orma,  'form ;'  having  the  shape  of  a  thread; 
as  the  filiform  papilla  of  the  tongue.  See  Pa- 
pillae. 

FILING,  Limatio. 

FILIPENDULA,  Spiraea  filipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilago. 

FILIX  F(EMINEA,  Pteris  aquilina— f.  Flo- 
rida, Osmunda  regalia — f.  Mas,  Polypodium  filix 
mas  —  f.  Non  ramosa  dentata,  Polypodium  filix 
mas  —  Nymphssa,  Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Pinnata, 
Polypodium  filiz  mas — f.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pe. 
datum. 

FILLS,  Girl. 

FILLET,  Fascia,  Laqueus. 

FILTRA'TION,  Filtra'tio,  Pereola'tio,  Efthi- 
eie,  EthWmus.  A  pharmaceutical  operation, 
which  consists  in  passing  a  fluid  through  a  filter 
or  strainer,  for  the  purpose  of  clarifying  it  In 
ancient  physiology,  it  meant  the  action  by  which 
the  different  humours  of  the  body  are  separated 
from  the  mass  of  the  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filter.  Any  porous  material ; 
such  as  sand,  some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered 
charcoal,  pounded  glass,  flannel,  unsized  paper, 
Ac.,  through  whioh  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the  purpose 
of  separating  it  from  the  matters  suspended  in  it. 

FFLUM,  Filament  —  f.  Muscularo,  Muscular 
fibre — f.  Tseniaforme,  Tssniola. 

Filux  Termitc a'lE.  A  slender  ligament,  pro. 
longed  from  the  nervous  sheath,  formed  by  the 
spinal  pia  mater,  whioh  descends  through  the 
centre  of  the  canda  equina,  and  is  attached  to 
the  dura  mater,  lining  the  canal  of  the  coccyx. 

FIM'BRIA,  Parar*ma.  A  band  ,*  a  fringe ;  as 
the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallo- 
pian tube. 

FIMBRIAE  CARNOSJB  COLI,  Epiploio  ap- 
pendages—  f.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube,  Fal- 
lopian. 

FIMUS,  Bor'borue,  Onthue,  Stercue.  Dung: 
excrement. 

Fimtjs  sen  Stercus  An'bhris,  Gooee-dung,  was 
applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malignant 
fever.    See  Chenocoprus. 

Fimtjs  Equi'itus,  Stercue  equi  non  nostra' ti. 
Stone  horse-dung,  was  once  thought  anti-pleuritic 

Fimtjs  Vaccjb,  Cow-dung,  was  employed  as  a 
cataplasm,  especially  in  gout. 

FINCKLE,  Anethum. 

FINGER,  Digitus — t  Ring,  Annular  finger— 
f.  Stall,  Digitals. 

FINIS  ASPERJi  ARTERLfi,  Larynx. 

FIOLE,  Phiala. 


FIR 


880 


FISTULA 


FIR,  MOSS,  UPRIGHT,  Lycopodium  selago 
— f.  Scotch,  Pinus  sylvestris —  £  Spruce,  Nor- 
way, Pinna  abies —  f.  Tree,  silver,  European, 
Pinus  picea — f.  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 

FIREDAMP,  Hydrogen,  carburetted— f.  Per- 
sian, Anthraoion — f.  St.  Anthony's,  Erysipelas — 
£  Weed,  Erechthites  hieracifolia,  Senecio. 

FIRING,  Cauterization. 

FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH-TONGUE.  An  instrument  —  so  called 
from  ite  shape— used  by  some  dentists  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  den  tea  sapientise. 

FISSICULA'TIO,  from  fissieulare,  'to  cut  off,' 
'open/  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word  for  an 
opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FISSTPARITjS,  see  Generation. 

FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

FISSURA,  Fissure— L  Capillorum,  Distrix— f. 
Contrajacens,  Contra-fissura — f.  Cerebri  longitu- 
dinals, Fissure,  longitudinal,  of  the  Brain — f. 
Magna  vulvae,  see  Rima  —  f.  Pilaris,  Trichismus. 

Fibru'ra  Lonoitudika'lis,  Aktb'rior  et  Pos- 
te'rior.  Two  vertical  fissures  in  the  median 
line,  in  front  of,  and  behind,  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  divide  it  superficially  into  two  sym- 
metrical lateral  columns. 

Fissura  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  Brain. 

FISSURE,  Fissu'ra,  Schiema,  Scissu'ra,  Rhege, 
Rhegma,  Rhegmus,  from  findere,  '  to  cleave ;'  a 
long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a  bone  — 
Rhagi,  pay*,  Ceasma,  Ktacpa.   (F.)  Future,  Fente. 

Fissure  has  various  acceptations.  1.  A  frac- 
ture, Catag'ma  fissu'ra,  in  which  the  bone  is 
cracked,  not  separated,  as  in  fracture.  2.  A  nar- 
row, long,  and  superficial  solution  of  continuity, 
around  the  external  openings  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  A  sort  of  chap,  observed  on  the 
hands,  particularly  on  the  callous  hands,  of 
workmen,  in  certain  mechanical  employments. 
3.  Small,  chapped  ulcerations,  sometimes  noticed 
in  young  children,  owing  to  the  contact  of  the 
faeces  and  urine  with  the  fine  delicate  skin  of  the 
thighs,  nates,  and  genital  organs.  4.  Clefts  of  a 
more  or  less  deep  nature,  occurring  on  the  ge- 
nital organs  in  the  vicinity  of  the  anus,  in  those 
labouring  under  syphilis.  These  are  usually 
called  rhagades.    See  Monster. 

Fissure  op  Bichat,  Fissure,  transverse,  of 
the  Brain — f.  Capillary,  see  Pilatio. 

Fissure,  Central.  The  aggregate  of  the  ca- 
vitios  or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel  consi- 
ders this  but  one  cavity  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

Fissure  op  Glaser,  Fissure,  glenoid  —  f.  of 
Glaserius,  F.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Glenoid,  Fissure  of  Glaser  or  Glase'- 
rxus,  (F.)  Fissure  ou  Sciesure  de  Glaser,  Fente 
glenoidale  ou  Filure  de  Glaser,  divides  the  gle- 
noid cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts, 
And  gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani,  Ac 

Fissure  op  the  Helix.  A  Bmall  vertical  fis- 
sure of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  a  little  above  the 
tubercle  for  the  attachment  of  the  attrahens  aurem 
muscle. 

Fissure,  Inpraorbitar,  Suborbitar  fissure. 

Fis8urb,  Longitudinal,  op  the  Brain,  Fis- 
MiVa  cerebri  longitudina'lis.  The  space  which 
separates  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain. 

Fissure,  Orbitar,  see  Orbitar  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar,  inferior,  Sphono-maxillary  fissure  —  £  Or- 
bitar, superior,  Sphenoidal  Fissure.  - 

Fissure  op  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, which  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Seicilu'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  cerebellum!  where  it  receives 


fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  and 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  op  Stl'viub,  Fissu'ra  vel  Fossa  Mag- 
na Syl'vii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  near  to  the  middle  of  the  parietal 
bone,  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and  middle 
lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  op  Sylvius,  Ventricle,  fifth. 

FissuRB  op  the  Tragus.  A  fissure  on  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  tragus  of  the  ear. 

Fissure,  Transverse  op  the  Brain,  Great 
transverse  fissure,  Fissure  0/ Bichat,  Fissu'ra  asm 
Rima  transversa  magna  cerebri.  A  fissure, 
which  passes  beneath  and  behind  the  edge  of  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  and  extends  beneath 
the  hemisphere  of  one  side  to  the  same  point  of 
the  opposite  side. 

FIST,  A.  S.  jtfrr,  iroyfm,  Pygmi,  Pugnus,  (P.) 
Poing.    The  olenched  hand. 

FIS'TULA,  Syrinx,  Syrin'ga,  Aulos— when  of 
a  small  size,  Aulis'cos.  A  solution  of  continuity, 
of  greater  or  less  depth  and  sinuosity ;  the  open- 
ing  of  which  is  narrow,  and  the  disease  kept  up 
by  an  altered  texture  of  parts,  so  that  it  is  not 
disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is  incomplete  or  blind, 
when  it  has  but  one  opening ;  and  complete  when 
there  are  two,  the  one  communicating  with  an 
internal  cavity,  the  other  externally.  It  is  lined, 
in  its  whole  course,  by  a  membrane,  which  seems 
analogous  to  mucous  membranes.  Incomplete 
fistula  may  be  internal  or  external.  The  former 
are  those  which  open  internally  ;  the  latter  those 
which  open  externally.  External  incomplete  fie- 
tula  are  kept  up  by  caries  or  necrosis  of  bones, 
by  extraneous  bodies  in  any  of  the  living  tex- 
tures, or  by  purulent  cavities,  the  walls  of  which 
have  not  become  united.  Internal  incomplete  fie- 
tula  generally  soon  become  complete,  since  the 
discharge  that  escapes  from  them  into  the  cavi- 
ties into  which  they  open,  ha*  a  constant  ten- 
dency to  make  its  way  outwardly,  and  soon  oc- 
casions ulceration  of  the  integuments.  Fistulas 
have  received  different  names,  according  to  the 
discharge  which  they  afford,  and  the  organs  in 
which  they  are  seated,  —  as  lachrymal,  biliary, 
salivary,  synovial,  urinary  —  FiPtula  nri'n^, 
Vrias.  The  great  object  of  treatment,  in  fistu- 
lous sores,  is  to  bring  on  an  altered  condition  of 
the  parietes  of  the  canal,  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  caustics,  the  knife,  pressure,  Ac 
Those  which  are  dependent  on  diseased  bone, 
cartilage,  tendon,  Ac,  do  not  heal  until  after  the 
exfoliation  of  the  diseased  part  Fistulas  of  ex- 
cretory ducts  are  produced  either  by  an  injury 
of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  retention  and  accu- 
mulation of  the  fluids  to  which  they  have  to  give 
passage.  Thus,  Fis'tulu  lachryma'lis,  Daeryo- 
syr'inx,  Emphrag'ma  lachryma'le,  Hgdrops  saed 
lachryma'lis,  Dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  sac,  com- 
monly proceeds  from  the  obliteration  of  the  nasal 
ducts,  or  from  atony  of  the  lachrymal  sac;  which 
circumstances  prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
the  nostrils. 

Fistula  in  Ano,  Archosyr'inx,  generally  occurs 
from  somo  mechanical  pressure  or  impediment* 
The  principal  indication  in  the  treatment  of  these 
fistulas  of  the  excretory  canals  being  to  put  a  stop 
to  the  constant  discharge  of  the  secretions,  Ac, 
through  the  preternatural  channel,  the  fistulous 
passage  is  at  times  laid  open,  and  a  communica- 
tion established  with  the  natural  excretory  canal; 
at  others,  strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure 
its  obliteration. 

Fistula  Bellixian a,  Uriniferous  tube — f.  CU 
balis,  (Esophagus — f.  Cruris,  Fibula — £.  Doras 
matri8,  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater — f.  Laehrymalia, 
see  Fistula— L  Nervorum!  Neurilemma— L  Sacra, 


FISTULES  STERCOBAIRES 


381 


FLEXOR 


Medulla  spinalis,  Vertebral  column— f.  Spiritalia, 
Trachea — f.  Urinaria,  Urethra — t  Uretorum  re- 
num,  see  Calix— t  Urinfle,  see  Fistula— f,  Ventri- 
cal!, (Esophagus. 

FISTULES  STERCORAIRES,,  see  Sterco- 
laoeons. 

FISTULOUS,  Fistuio'sus,  Syring,fieus,  Syrin- 
go'des.  Relating  to,  or  resembling,  a  fistula;  as 
*%  fistulous  opening.' 

FIT-ROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

FITS,  NINE  DAY,  Trismus  nascentium. 

FIVE  FINGERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

FIXATIO  MONONCEA,  Melancholy. 

FIXED,  Fixu»f  from  figere,  'to  fasten.'  A 
body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
said  to  be  fixed.  Thus,  we  s&j  fixed  oils,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  volatile  oil*. 

FIXEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Bava- 
ria. It  contains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in  solu- 
tion carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlorides 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda  and 
silica.     In  Bavaria,  it  replaces  the  Seltzer  water. 

FIXI  DENTES.  The  teeth  of  the  second  den- 
tition. 

FLABELLA'TION,  Flabellaftio,  from  flabeU 
lare,  to  agitate  the  air.  An  operation  reoom- 
mended  by  Ambrose  Pari,  which  consists  in 
keeping  fractured  limbs  cool,  as  well  as  the 
dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

FLABELLUM  ET  VENTILABRUM  COR- 
DIS, Pulmo. 

FLACCID'ITY,  Flaccid'itas,  from  flaecidus, 
4  flabby,'  '  soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to  offer 
,       little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris  versicolor— f.  Dwarf,  Iris 
laeustris —  f.  Myrtle,  Acorus  calamus  —  f.  Root, 
Acorus  calamus. 

FLAGELLATIO,  Mastigosis. 

FLAM  BE,  Iris  Germanica—  /.  Bdtard,  Iris 
pseudacorus. 

FLAMBOISE,  Ignis  sylvatious. 

FLAME,  VITAL,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam — f.  Cordis,  Biolyehnium — f. 
Vitalis,  Biolyehnium. 

FLAMME,  Fleam—/.  Vitale,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMETTE,  Fleam. 

FLAMMON,  Laohesis  rhombeata.  • 

FLAMMULA,  Fleam,  Ranunculus  fitaria — f. 
Cordis,  Biolyehnium — f.  Jo  via,  Clematis  recta  — 
f.  Vitalis,  Animal  heat,  Biolyehnium,  Vital  prin- 
ciple* 

FLANCKS,  Flanks. 

FLANKS,  It' to,  Il'ea,  Za'gones,  Lap'ara,  Ce- 
neo'nes,  (F.)  Flancs,  Les  lies.  The  regions  of  the 
body  which  extend,  on  the  sides,  from  the  infe- 
rior margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista  ilii. 

FLAP,  (F.)  Lambeau.  A  portion  of  the  soft 
parte  of  the  body  separated  from  those  beneath, 
bat  still  attached  by  the  base.  Hence  there  may 
be  'flap  wounds,'  (F.)  Plaies  d  lambeaux,  and 
'flap  operations,'  (F.)  Operations  &  lambeaux. 

E^lap  Operation  of  Amputation,  Amputation 
d  lambeaux. 

FLAT  TOP,  Vernonia  Neveboracensis. 

FLATUARIUS,  Alchymist. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatulen'tia,  Flatus,  Flatu- 
osfitas,  Airifiux/us,  Pneumatosis  ventric'uli  et 
Pfu  enter'ica,  Pneumatosis,  Bdes'ma,  Hyper- 
pnewftia,  Clydon,  Physa,  Polyphy'sia,  Limo'sis 
Fla'tus,  Ereux'is,  Bombus,  Flatuos'ity,  Wind, 
Wind'iness,  Ventos'ity,  Vapour,  (F.)  VentositS, 
FlatuositS.  Emission  of  wind  by  the  mouth  or 
anas,  or  accumulation  of  wind  in  the  digestive 
tube. 


FLATULENT,  Windy. 

FLATULENTIA,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSFTE,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation,  Flatulence— f.  Furiosu*, 
Ambulo-flatulentus — f.  Spinse,  Spina  ventoea. 

FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
medica. 

FLAVOUR,  from  (F.)  fairer,  'to  smell.'  The 
quality  of  a  sapid  body,  which  is  appreciated  by 
the  taste  and  smell  combined,  and  more  espe- 
cially by  the  latter.  Some  physiologists  consider 
that  flavour  is  effected  through  the  smell  alone. 

FLAVUS,  Yellow. 

FLAX,  COMMON,  Linum  usitatissimum— f. 
Purging,  Linum  catharticum — f.  Seed,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum — f.  Seed  tea,  Infusum  lini  compo- 
situm — f.  Toad,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

FLEA,  COMMON,  Pulex  irritans. 

FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conysa  squarrosa— f. 
Various-leaved,  Erigeron  heterophy  Hum — f.  Bane, 
Canada,  Erigeron  Canadense  —  f.  Philadelphia, 
Erigeron  Philadelphioum  —  £  Skevish,  Erigeron 
PhUadelphicum. 

FLEAM,  Fktmma,  Flam'mula,  Schaste'rion, 
Fosso'rium,  Phlebot'omum.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  (F.) 
Flamme,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small  me- 
tallic box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cutting  in- 
strument, which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can  be 
forced  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  in  Ger- 
many and  some  other  European  countries,  and  is 
not  unfrequently  employed  in  America;  but  is 
scarcely  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great  Britaiii. 

FLEAWORT,  Plantago  psyllium. 

FLjGCHISSEUR,  Flexor—/.  Court  eommun 
des  orteils,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  — /. 
Court  du  petit  doigt,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti 
— /  Court  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti pedis—/.  Pro/ond  des  doigts,  Flexor  profun- 
dus perforans— /.  Sublime  des  doigts,  Flexor  sub- 
limis  perforates— /.  Superfieiel  des  doigts,  Flexor 
sublimi8  perforates— /.  Court  dugros  orteil,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  pedis—/.  Grand  eommun  des  orteils, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans— /.  Long  eommun  des  orteils,  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  peals  profundus  perforans—/.  Long  du 
gros  orteil,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis—/.  Court 
du  Pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  munus. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadrates 
lumborum. 

FLEGMEN,  Piemen. 

FLEMEN,  Flegmen.  A  tumour  about  the 
ankles.    Also,  a  chap  on  the  feet  and  hands. 

FLERECIN,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Caro,  Sarx,  (F.)  Chair.  Every  soft 
part  of  an  animal  is  so  named ;  but  more  parti- 
cularly the  muscles,  which  are  called  muscular 
flesh. 

Flush,  Proud,  Fungosity. 

FLETUS,  Lachrymatio. 

FLEURS,  Flowers,  Menses—/.  Blanches,  l*m- 
corrhooa — /.  de  Muscade,  Mace — /.  de  Sovfre, 
Sulphur  sublimatum. 

FLEXIBILITY,  Flexibxl'itas,  from  fleeiere, 
'to  bend.'  Capability  of  being  bent  A  physi- 
cal property  of  the  tissues,  which  varies  greatly 
aocording  to  the  structure.  The  tendons  exhibit 
this  property  in  a  marked  manner. 

FLEXIO,  Campsis,  Flexion. 

FLEX'ION,  FUx'io,  Campi,  from  flectere,  'to 
bend.'  The  state  of  being  bent.  The  action  of 
a  flexor  muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  FUchisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to  bend  certain  parts. 

Flexor  Brevts  Digito'rum  Pedis  Perfora'- 
tus,  F.  SublVmis,  Flexor  brevis,  Flexor  digito'm 
rum  brevis  rive  perforatus  pedi;  Perform,' tut  sen 


FLEXOR 


383 


FLEXOR 


fax**  sscun'di  interno'dii  digito'rum  pedis, 
Oalcanto  -  sous  -  phalangettien  commun,  —  Calca- 
nio  -  sous  -  phalanginien  commun,  —  ( Ch. )  (F. ) 
Muscle  court  flichisseur  commun  des  orteils.  A 
muscle,  placed  at  the  middle  of  the  sole  of  the 
foot  It  is  narrower  and  thicker  behind  than 
before,  where  it  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  os  calcis,  and  is  inserted  at  the  infe- 
ferior  surface  of  the  second  phalanx  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  second  phalanges  of  the 
toes  on  the  first,  and  the  first  on  the  metatarsal 
bones ;  in  this  manner  augmenting  the  concavity 
of  the  vault  of  the  foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digits,  F.  parvus  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  Min'ixi  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Para'- 
tkenar  minor,  (F.)  Court  flichisseur  du  petit  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-phalangien  du  petit  orteil — ( Ch.)  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  fifth  metatarsal  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  phalanx 
of  the  little  toe,  which  it  bends. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus,  Flexor  se- 
eun'di  interno'dii,  Thenar,  Flexor  primi  et  se- 
cun'di  ossis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Court  flichisseur  du 
pouce,  Carpophalangien  du  pouce — (Ch.)  Demi- 
interosseux  du  pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  portions  by  the  tendon  of  the 
Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It  arises  from  the  os 
magnum,  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal  bone;  and  is 
inserted  into  the  superior  part  of  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two  ossa  sesa- 
moidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first  phalanx 
with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Ite  use  is  to  bend 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the  first  meta- 
carpal bone,  and  the  latter  upon  the  trapezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Flexor  brevis, 
Flexor  hal'lucis  vel  brevis  pol'licit,  (F.)  Tarso- 
phalangien  du  pouce,  Court  flichisseur  du  grot 
orteil,  Tarso-sous-phalangettien  du  premier  orteil 
—  (Ch.)  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow 
behind,  thick  and  divided  into  two  portions  be- 
fore.  It  arises  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os 
calcis  and  the  last  two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is 
inserted  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  and  into  the  two 
sesamoid  bones  of  the  corresponding  metatarso- 
phalangian  articulation.  It  bends  the  first  pha- 
lank  of  the  great  toe  on  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Radialis,  Palmaris  magnus — 
f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f.  Hallu- 
cis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis  —  f.  Hallucis  longus, 
F.  longus  pollicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Longus  Digito'rum:  Pedis  Profun- 
dus Per'forans  ;  Per'/orane  seu  Flexor  profun- 
dus, PerodactyWus,  Peronodactyl'ius,  Perono- 
dactylim'us,  Peronedactyl'ius,  Flexor  digito'rum 
longus  sive  Perforans  pedis,  Perforans  seu  Flexor 
tertii  intcrnodii  digito'rum  pedis;  (F.)  Ti bio- pha- 
langeal en — (Ch.),  Grand  ou  long  JKchisseur  com- 
mun det  orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  the  Inferior  of 
which  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and  its 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
lower  surface  of  the  three  phalanges  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Accesso'rius  Flexorrie  Longi  Digito'rum 
Pedis,  Caro  quadra' ta  Syl'vii,  C.  acceWrta, 
•fast*  car'rua  Jaeo'bi  SyVvii,  Planta'ris  verus, 


(F.)  Accessoirs  du  long  flichisseur  commun  dm 
orteils,  Carrie,  is  a  small  muscle  of  the  sole  of  the 
foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the  os  cataie 
to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor  longus,  whose  force 
it  augments,  and  corrects  its  obliquity. 

Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus,  Flexor  lon- 
gus pollicis,  Flexor  tertii  interno'dii,  Flexor  ter- 
tii internodii  sive  longis'simus  poUicis;  (F.)  Ray- 
dio-phalangettien  du  pouce,  —  (Ch.)  Situate  at 
the  anterior  and  profound  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  arises  from  the  upper  three  quarters  of  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  radius  and  interosseous  liga- 
ment, and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the  thumb. 
It  bends  the  second  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the 
first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding  metacarpal 
bone,  and  this  upon  the  radius.  It  can,  also, 
bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Flexor  Longus  Pollicis  Pedis,  Flexor  Hat  - 
lueis  vel  Pollicis  longus,  (F.)  Peronfo-phalangiem 
du  gros  orteil,  Long  flichisseur  du  gros  orteil,  PS- 
ronio-sous- Phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the 
leg.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula  and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  in- 
serted, by  means  of  a  long  tendon,  into  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It 
bends  the  third  phalanx  on  the  first,  and  this 
upon  the  corresponding  metatarsal  bone.  It  aug- 
ments the  concavity  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg. 

Flexor  Parvus  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  Abductor 
minimi  digiti,  Hypoth'enar  Riola'ni,  Flrxor  brm- 
vis  minimi  digiti  manus,  Hypoth'enar  minimi  di- 
giti, (F.)  Carpo-phalangien  an  petit  doigt — (Ch.), 
Court  flichisseur  du  petit  doigt.  It  arises  from 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus  and 
the  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inner  side  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger.  It  bends  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger. 

Flexor  Perforans,  F.  profundus  perforans — 
f.  Perforates,  F.  sublimis  perforates — f.  Primi 
internodii,  Opponens  pollicis — f.  Primi  internodii 
digitorum  manus,  LumbricaJis  manus — f.  Primi 
et  secundi  ossis  pollicis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  manus. 

Flexor  Profun'dub  Pbr'forans,  F.  Profun- 
dus, F.  Per'forans,  F.  Per'forane  vulgo  pro/nn- 
dus,  Flexor  terftii  interno'dii  digito'rum,  manus 
vel  Per'forans  manus;  (F.)  Cubito-phalangettien 
commun — (Ch.,)  Flichisseur  profond  des  doigt*. 
A  thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  seated  beneath  the 
Flexor  sublimis  perforatus.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,  and  arises  from  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  ulna  and  from  the  interosseus  ligament  Its 
inferior  extremity  terminates  by  four  tendons, 
which,  after  having  passed  through  the  slits  in 
the  sublimis,  are  inserted  into  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  last  phalanges  of  the  four  fingers.  It 
bends  the  third  phalanges  on  the  second,  and,  in 
other  respects,  has  the  same  use  as  the  flexor 
sublimis  perforatus. 

Flexor  Secundi  Internodii  Digitorum  Pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Tertii  internodii,  F. 
longus  pollicis  manus — f.  Tertii  internodii  digito- 
rum mantis,  F.  profundus  perfon  ns — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  pedis,  F.  1(  bgns  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  —  f.  Ossis  metaearpi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  —  f.  Perforatus  pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

Flexor  Subli'mib  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perforaf- 
tus,  (F.)  FUehisseur  sublime  ou  superflciel  dm 
doigts,  Epitroklo-phalanginien  commun,  —  (Ch.) 
It  is  a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  seated  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which 
is  simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
os  humeri;  —  from  the  coronsid  process  of  the 


FLIXWEEB 


Stt 


FLUSH 


ulna,  Mid  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the  second 
phalanges  of  the  last  four  Augers,  after  having 
been  slit  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  pro- 
fundus to  pass  through  them.,  This  muscle  bends 
the  second  phalanges  on  the  first;  these  on  the 
carpal  bones,  and  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

FLEXURA,  Curvature— f.  Sigmoidea,  Sigmoid 
flexure. 

FLIXWEED,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

FLOCCI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCILATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCILEGIUM,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCITATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCORUM  VENATIO,  Carphologia, 

FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCULUS;  diminutive  of  floecut,  'a  look 
»f  wool' — Pneumogat'trie  Uh'ule,  Lob'ulut  pn*u~ 
mogat'tricut.  A  long  and  slender  prominence, 
extending  from  the  side  of  the  vallecula  around 
the  corpus  restiforme  to  the  era*  cerebelli,  lying 
behind  the  filaments  of  the  pneumogastrio  nerves. 

FLOR  BE  MISTELA,  see  Mistura. 

FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  agreeable 
Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid.  Sir  James  Clark  af- 
firms, indeed,  that  he  does  not  know  any  class 
of  invalids  for  whom  Florenoe  offers  a  favourable 
residence.  It  is  subject  to  sudden  vicissitudes 
of  temperature,  and  to  cold,  piercing  winds  du- 
ring the  winter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of— 
f.  Boracis,  Boracio  acid — f.  Macidos,  see  Myristioa 
moschata — f.  Macis,  Mace — f.  Martiales,  Ferrum 
am mon  iatum — f.  Salis  ammoniac!  martiales,  Fer- 
rum ammoniatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Saint  Angus- 
tine. 

Florida,  Waters  of.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates  with 
8t  John's  River  by  a  small  creek,  there  is  a  vast 
fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing  from  a 
bank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it  would  seem 
to  be  sulphureous. 

FLORION,  Influenza, 

FLOS,  Anthot.  A  flower.  Also,  the  finest  and 
noblest  part  of  a  body,  and  virginity. 

Flos,  Jovis,  Crocus — f.  Salis,  Soda,  subcarbo- 
nate  of — f.  Sanguineus  monardi,  Tropoeolum 
xnajus —  f.  Trinitatis,  Viola  tricolor  —  f.  Virgini- 
tatis,  Hymen. 

FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli. 

Flour,  Patent,  Jones's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat-flour, 
with  tartaric  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

Flour,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 

FLOWER  DE  LUCE,  Iris  Germanic*. 

FLOWERS,  Floret,  (F.)  Fleurt.  The  ancient 
ehymists  gave  this  name  to  different  solid  and 
volatile  substances  obtained  by  sublimation.  The 
term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chymical 
and  medical  language,  as  Flower*  of  Benjamin, 
Flowert  of  Sulphur,  Ac. 

Flowers,  Menses. 

Flowers,  Four  Carminative,  Quat'xt  or  floret 
earminati'vi,  were  chamomile,  dill,  fever-few,  and 
melilot. 

Flowers,  Four  Cordial,  Quat'uor  floret  eor- 
dia'let,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  rosea,  and 
violets. 

FLUCTUATIO,  Fluctuation— f.  Aurium,  Tin- 
nitus auriura. 

FLUCTUATION,  Fluctua'tio,  from  fluctut, 
1  %  wave;'  Undula'tio,  (¥.)  Ondulation.  The  un- 
dulation of  a  fluid  collected  in  any  natural  or 
artificial  cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pressure  or  by 


percussion,  properly  praetised—yertnaerfe  Mmetm 
ation.  In  ascites,  the  fluctuation  is  felt  by  one 
of  the  hands  being  applied  to  one  side  of  the  ab- 
domen, whilst  the  other  side  is  struck  with  the 
other  hand.  In  abscesses,  fluctuation  is  perceived 
by  pressing  on  the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers 
alternately,  on  opposite  points. 

Fluctuation  Peripheric,  see  Fluctuation — f. 
Rhonohal,  see  Rhonchal — f.  by  Succussion,  see 
Succussion. 

FLU  ELLEN,  Antirhinnm  elatine. 

FLUELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLUE  UBS,  Menses — /.  Blanche*,  Leucor- 
rhoea. 

FLUID,  Flu'idut,  bom  fluere,  'to  flow.'  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If 
one,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly  dried 
in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not  to 
weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds  ;  so  that  the 
proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 

Table  op  Fluids  or  the  Human  Bodt. 

1.  Blood. 

2.  Lymph. 
'Transpiration  of  the  mucous, 

serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes; of  the  areolar  mem- 
brane ;  of  the  adipouB  cells ; 
of  the  medullary  membrane; 
of  the  interior  of  the  thyroid 
gland;  of  the  thymus;  supra- 
renal capsules;  eye;  ear; 
vertebral  canal,  Ac. 

'  Sebaceous  humour  of  the  ssin ; 
cerumen;  gum  of  the  eye; 
mucus  of  the  mucous  glands 
and  follicles;  that  of  the 
tonsils,  of  the  glands  of  the 
oardia,  the  environs  of  the 
anus,  the  prostate,  Ac. 

'  Tears;  saliva;  pancreatic  fluid ; 
bile;  cutaneous  transpiration; 
urine;  fluid  of  the  glands  of 
Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of 
the  testes  and  mammae  of 
the  new-born  child. 

Fluid,  Cephalo-rachtdian,  Cephalo-  spinal 
fluid — f.  Cephalo-Bpinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f. 
Cerebro-spinal,  Cephalo-Bpinal  fluid — f.  of  Scar- 
pa, Vitrine  auditive — £  Subarachnoidean,  Cepha- 
lo-spinal fluid.  . 

FLUIDE  SEMINAL,  Sperm. 

FLUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid  — f. 
Cerebro-spinale,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Dieto- 
ma  hepaticum. 

FLUMEN  DYSENTERICUM,  Dysentery. 

FLUMMERY,  (Scotch)  Sowent.  A  preparation 
of  oatmeal,  which  forms  a  light  article  of  food 
during  convalescence.  It  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows :— Take  of  oatmeal  or  groatt,  a  quart  Rub 
with  two  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  until  it  becomes  sour;  then  add  another 
quart  of  hot  mater,  and  strain  through  a  hair  sieve. 
Let  it  stand  till  a  white  sediment  is  deposited ; 
decant,  and  wash  the  sediment  with  cold  water. 
Boil  this  with  fresh  water  till  it  forms  a  mucilage, 
stirring  the  whole  time. 

FLUOR,  Flux— f.  Albus  Intestinornm,  Cceliae 
flux — f.  Albus  malignus,  Gonorrhoea  irapura — f. 
Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea — f.  Muliebris  non  Galli- 
ous,  Leucorrheea — f.  Sanguinis  pulmonum,  Has* 
moptysis — f.  Sanguinis  vesica),  Cystorrhagia. 

FLUSH,  Fluthing,  (F.)  Rongeurt;  from  (G.) 
Fliessen,  'to  flow.  The  redness  produced  by 
accumulation  of  blood  in  the  capillaries  of  the 


3.  Exhaled  or 
Pertpiratory. 


4.  Follicular. 


5.  Glandular. 


FLUX 


384 


FCETUS 


free;  as  the  sadden  'flush'  or  'blush  of  emotion :' 
the  *  flush  of  hectic/ 

FLUX,  Fluxus,  Proflu'vium,  Fluor,  from Jluere, 
*  to  flow.'  A  discharge.  Rhysis.  In  nosology, 
U  comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
symptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid. 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery. 

Flux,  Bilious,  Fluzns  bilio'sus.  A  discharge 
of  bile,  either  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by 
both,  as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery — /.  de  Bouche,  Sa- 
livation— /.  Bronchique,  Bronchorrhoea — /.  Dy- 
sentirique,  Dysentery — f.  Hemorrhoidal,  see  Hae- 
morrhois — /.  H&patique,  Hepatirrhcea — f.  Men- 
strual, Menses  — /.  Muqueux,  Catarrh  — /.  Mu- 
queux de  Vestomac,  Gastrorrhoea— -/,  Muqueux  de 
la  vessie,  Cystirrhoea  —  f.  Root,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — /.  Salivaire,  Salivation — /.  de  Sang,  Hae- 
morrhagia,  Dysentery — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea 
— /.  de  Sperme,  Spermatorrhoea — /.  de  Sueur, 
Ephidfosis  —  f.  Weed,  Sysimbrium  sophia — /. 
d'  Urine,  Diabetes  — /.  de  Ventre,  Diarrhoea. 

FLUXIO,  Fluxion —  f.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea — f. 
Arthritica,  Gout — f.  Vulvae,  Leu*>rrhoea. 

FLUX'ION,  Flux'io,  Affiux^HS  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy, 
there  is  a  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head. 

FLUXION  CATARRHALE,  Catarrh—/,  sur 
let  Dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  DE  POITRINE,  (F.)  By  this 
name,  the  French  often  understand  acute  pulmo- 
nary catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
peripneumony. 

FLUXUS,  Discharge— f.  Alvinus,  Diarrhoea — 
f.  Chylosus,  Coeliao  flux — f.  Coeliacus,  Coeliao  flux 
—  f.  Coeliacus  per  Renes,  Chyluria — f.  Cruentus 
cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery  —  f.  Dysentericus,  Dy- 
sentery— f.  Hepaticus,  Hepatirrhoea,  see  Hepate- 
ros — f.  Lientericus,  Lientery — f.  Lunaris,  Menses 
— f.  Matricis,  Leucorrhoea — f.  Menstrualis,  Men- 
struation —  f.  Menstruus,  Menses  —  f.  Muliebris, 
Leucorrhoea — f.  Salivas,  Salivation — f.  Splenica  a, 
Melaena — f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  impura  —  £1 
Ventriculi,  Gastrorrhoea. 

FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium. 

FOC'ILE.  This  name  was  formerly  given  to 
the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  thoBe  of  the 
forearm. 

Focile  Majus,  Tibia — f.  Inferius  seu  majus, 
TTlna — f.  Minus,  Fibula— *£  Minus  seu  superius, 
Radius. 

F(ECUNDATIO,  Fecundation. 

FCRCUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

F(ECUNDUS,  Fecund. 

FOEDI  COLORES,  Chlorosis. 

F(EMEN,  Perinaeum. 

FCEMINA,  Female. 

FCEMINESCENTIA,  Feminescenoe. 

FCENICULUM,  Anethum— £.  Aquaticum,  Phel- 
landrium  aquaticum — f.  Erratioum,  Peuoedanum 
silaus  —  f.  Marinum,  Crithmum  maritimum  —  f. 
Officinale,  Anethum  —  t  Porcinum,  Peuoedanum 
— f.  Vulgare,  Anethum. 

FCENUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FOENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus— 
f.  Graecum,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— Mar- 
cus Aurelius  Severinus. 

FOSTAL,  Foeta'lis.  Relating  to  the  foetus.  A 
name,  given  to  the  parts  connected  with  the  foetus. 
Thus  we  say  —  the  fatal  surface  of  the  placenta, 
In  contradistinction  to  the  uterine  or  maternal 
surface. 

Fcbtal  Circulation  differs  from  that  of  the 
fvdult  in  several  respects.    Commencing  with  the 


placenta,  where  it  probably  undergoes  some  change 
analogous  to  what  occurs  in  the  lungs  in  extra- 
uterine existence,  the  blood  proceeds  by  the  um- 
bilical vein  as  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  ia 
poured  into  the  vena  porta;  the  other  proceeds  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior ;  the  latter,  having  received 
the  suprahepatic  veins,  pours  its  blood  into  the 
right  auricle.  From  the  right  auricle,  a  part  of 
the  blood  is  sent  into  the  right  ventricle ;  the  rest 
passes  directly  through  into  the  left;  auricle,  by 
the  foramen  ovale.  When  the  right  ventricle 
contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  pulmonary 
artery ;  but  as  the  function  of  respiration  is  not 
going  on,  no  more  blood  passeB  to  the  lungs  than 
is  necessary  for  their  nutrition;  the  remainder 
goes  directly  through  the  ductus  arteriosus  into 
the  aorta.  The  blood,  received  by  the  left  auricle 
from  the  lungs,  as  well  as  that  which  passed 
through  the  foramen  ovale,  is  transmitted  into 
the  left  ventricle;  by  the  contraction  of  which  it 
is  sent  into  the  aorta,  and  by  means  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  which  arise  from  the  hypogastric, 
it  is  returned  to  the  placenta. 

F<etal  Head.  The  diameters  of  this  at  the 
full  period  are  as  follows : — 1.  The  Biparietal  or 
transverse,  extending  from  one  parietal  protube- 
rance to  the  other,  and  measuring  3$  inches.  2. 
The  Temporal,  from  one  temple  to  another,  3 
inches.  3.  The  Occipito -mental,  from  the  occiput 
to  the  chin ;  the  greatest  of  all,  5  inches.  4.  The 
Occipito -front-al  or  antero  -  posterior,  4i  or  4J 
inches.  5.  The  Cervico-bregmatic,  from  the  nape 
of  the  neck  to  the  centre  of  the  anterior  fonta- 
nel le.  6.  The  Fronto-mental,  from  the  forehead 
to  the  chin,  about  3£  inches.  7.  The  Trachelo- 
bregmatie,  from  the  front  of  the  neck  to  the  ante- 
rior fontanelle,  3}  inches.  8.  The  Vertical  dia- 
meter, from  the  vertex  to  the  base  of  the  cranium. 

Postal  Nutrition,  Cyotrophy. 

F(ETATION,  Pregnancy. 

FCE'TICIDE,  Foeticid'ium,  from  fcttus,  and 
cadere,  *  to  kill ;'  Aborticid'ium.  Criminal  abor- 
tion. 

FCETIDUS,  Fetid. 

F(ETOR,  Dysodia—  £,  Oris,  Breath,  offensive. 

FCETUS,  Fetus,  Cue' ma,  Onus  ventris,  Sar*- 
cina,  from  feo,  'I  bring  forth.'  The  unborn 
child.  By  Kvtipa,  Cye'ma,  Hippocrates  meant  the 
feoundatod,  but  still  imperfect,  germ.  It  corre- 
sponded with  the  term  embryo,  as  now  used; 
whilst  ttiPpvov,  '  embryo/  signified  the  foetus  at » 
more  advanced  stage  of  utero-  gestation.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  the 
name  embryo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third 
month  of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  pe- 
riod of  quickening;  whilst fce.tus  is  applied  to  it 
in  its  latter  stages.  The  terms  are,  however, 
often  used  indiscriminately.  When  the  ovule 
has  been  fecundated  in  the  ovarium,  it  proceeds 
slowly  towards,  and  enters  the  uterus,  with  which 
it  becomes  ultimately  connected  by  means  of  the 
placenta.  When  first  seen,  the  foetus  has  the 
form  of  a  gelatinous  flake,  which  some  have  com- 
pared  to  an  ant,  a  grain  of  barley,  a  worm  curved 
upon  itself,  Ac.  The  foetal  increment  is  very 
rapid  in  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  month* 
of  its  formation,  and  at  the  end  of  nine  months 
it  has  attained  its  full  dimensions  —  En/ant  & 
terme.  Generally,  there  is  but  one  foetus  in  utero; 
sometimes,  there  are  two;  rarely  three.  The 
foetus  presents  considerable  difference  in  its  shape, 
weight,  length,  situation  in  the  womb,  propor- 
tion of  ite  various  parts  to  each  other,  arrange- 
ment and  texture  of  its  organs,  state  of  its  func- 
tions at  different  periods  of  gestation,  Ac  All 
these  differences  are  important  in  an  obstetrical 
and  medico-legal  point  of  view.    The  following 


rois 


S85 


FONTANELLA 


table  exhibits  the  length  and  weight  of  the  foetus 
ft!  different  periods  of  gestation,  on  the  authority 
of  different  observers.  Their  discordance  is  stri- 
king.   It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  Paris 


pound  —  Poid  de  Marc — of  16  ounces,  contains 
9216  Paris  grains,  whilst  the  avoirdupois  contains 
only  8532.5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch 
is  1.065977  English  inch. 


At  30  days, 

Sice. 

MATQinUL 

GlANTOU. 

Bsox. 

Hatobduu 

Obaatilu. 

Length. 

Weight 

3  to  5  lines 

10  to  12  lines 

9  or  10  grains 

2  months, 

2   inches 

4  inches 

1  inch 

2  ounces 

5  drachms 

20  grains 

3      " 

3* 

6      " 

3  inches 

2  to  3      " 

2\  ounces 

1J  ounces 

4      « 

5  to  6  " 

8      " 

4  to  5      " 

7  or  8  " 

5      " 

7  to  9  " 

10      « 

9  or  10     u 

16         " 

6      " 

9tol2  « 

12     « 

9  inches 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  pounds 

1  pound 

7      " 

12  toU  " 

14      " 

12      " 

2  to  3   " 

3      " 

2  to  4  « 

8      " 

16  " 

16      « 

17      " 

3  to  4  « 

4      « 

4  to  5  " 

FdTTis  nc  Pcetu,  Cryptodidymus. 

Forrus  Septimes'tris.  A  seven  months'  foetus. 

Foetus  Zephyrius,  Mole. 

FOIE,  Liver — /.  d'Antimoine,  Oxidum  stibii 
sulphuretum— /</«  Soufre,  Potass®  sulphuretum. 

FOLIA  APALACHINES,  see  Ilex  Para- 
guensis — f.  Peragus,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba 
Fallopian  a. 

FOLIE,  Insanity — /.  dee  Ivrognes,  Delirium 
tremens. 

FOLLETTE,  Influensa. 

FOL'LICLE,  Follie'ulue,  Cyetie,  diminutive  of 
Follie,  a  bag.    See  Crypta. 

Follicles,  Ciliary,  Meibomius,  glands  of— 
f.  of  De  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafian!— f.  of  Lieber- 
kiihn,  see  Intestine — t  Palpebral,  Meibomius, 
glands  of—  f.  Solitary,  Brenner's  glands — 1  Syno- 
vial, Bursa)  mucosae. 

FOLLICULAR,  FoUie'uloue,  FoUic'uloee,  FoU 
lieulo'sus,  from '  follicle.'  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  a  follicle, — as  'follicular  inflammation/  inflam- 
mation affecting  crypts  or  follicles. 

FOLLICULE,  Crypta—/  CiUaire,  Meibomius, 
gland  of—/.  Dentaire,  Dental  follicle—/  Palpi- 
braly  Meibomius,  gland  of. 

FOLLICULES  DE  GRAAF,  Folliculi  Graaf- 
lani. 

FOLLICULI  GRAAFIA'NI,  Ova  seu  O'wla 
Graafta'na,  Follicles  or  Vesicles  of  De  Graaf, 
Ova' Han  vehicle;  (F.)  FoUicules  ou  Visicules 
de  Graaf.  Small  spherical  vesicles  in  the  stroma 
of  the  ovary,  which  have  two  ooats;  the  outer 
tanned  ovicapsule  and  tunic  of  the  ovisac,'  the 
latter  ovisac  and  membra' na  propria/  visicule 
ovnlifire  of  M.  Pouchet  They  exist  in  the  foe- 
tus. The  ovum — ovule  of  some — is  contained  in, 
and  formed  by,  them. 

Folliculi  Rotundi  st  Oblongi  Ceryicis 
Utbri,  Nabothi  glanduhe—  f.  Sanguinis,  Globules 
of  the  blood — f.  Sebacei,  Sebaceous  glands. 

FOLLICULOSE  GLAND,  Crypta. 

FOLLICULU8,  Vulva, 

Follic'ulus  A'eris,  Air-chamber.  A  space  at 
the  largor  end  of  the  bird's  egg,  formed  by  a  se- 
paration of  the  two  layers  of  the  shell  membrane, 
which  is  inscrvient  to  the  respiration  of  the  young 
being. 

Follicttlus  Deictis,  Dental  Follicle — £  Fellis, 
Gall-bladder— f.  Genitalis,  Scrotum. 

FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  Jttuver,  Bassiner.  To 
apply  *  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTATION,  Fomenta'tio,  Fotus,  Py'ria, 

fhermajma,  Ghlias'ma,  jEone'sis,  Perfu'sio,  As- 

per'rio,  Fomen'tum,  (quasi  fovimentum,)  from  fo- 

verc   *  to  bathe.'  A  sort  of  partial  bathing,  by  the 

25 


application  of  cloths  which  have  been  previously 
dipped  in  hot  water,  or  in  some  medicated  decoc- 
tion. They  act,  chiefly,  by  virtue  of  their  warmth 
and  moisture,  except  in  the  case  of  narcotic  fomen- 
tations, where  some  additional  effect  is  obtained. 

A  dry  fomentation  is  a  warm,  dry  application 
to  a  part ; — as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel ; — 
a  bag,  half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made 
hot,  Ac 

Fomentation  Herbs,  Herbm  pro  fotu.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold  under  this  title  by  the  Eng- 
lish apothecary,  are  —  southernwood,  tope  of  eta 
wormxcood,  chamomile /lowers,  each  two  parts;  bay 
leaves,  one  part.    3>U8S  of  these  to  Ovj  of  water. 

FOMENTUM,  Fomentation. 

FOMES  MORBI,  Fernet  mail.  The  focus  or 
seat  of  any  disease.    (F.)  Foyer. 

Fomes  Vbntriculi,  Hypochondriasis. 

FOM'ITES,  from  fomee,  <  fuel,  any  thing  which 
retains  heat'  Enaus'ma,  Zop'yron.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  substances  which  are  supposed  to  retain 
contagious  effluvia;  as  woollen  goods,  feathers, 
cotton,  Ac. 

FONCTION,  Function. 

FOND,  Fundus. 

FONDANT,  Solvent 

FONGIFORME,  Fungoid. 

FONQOlDE,  Fungoid. 

FONGOSIT&,  Fungosity. 

FONGUS,  Fungus—/  Midullaire,  Enoephe- 
loid. 

FONS,  Fontanella— f.  Lachrymarum,  see  Can- 
thus — f.  Medicatus,  Water,  mineral — f.  Pulsans, 
Fontanella— f.  Pulsatilis,  Fontanella— t  Salute- 
rius,  Water,  mineral — f.  Soterius,  Water,  mineral 
— t  Vitalis,  Centrum  vitale. 

FONSANGB,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fonsange  is  situated  near  Nismes  in  France. 
The  water  is  sulphuretted. 

FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle ;  partly  formed  by  the  groove  at  the  inner 
edges  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  fontanel;  —  diminutive 
of  font,  '  a  fountain.'  Fone  puleat'ilis,  Font  pul- 
tone,  Vertex  paVpitane,  Fone,  Bregma,  Fontic'u- 
lue,  Lacu'na,  Mould.  The  opening  of  the  head. 
A  name,  given  to  a  space  occupied  by  a  cartilagi- 
nous membrane,  in  the  foetus  and  new-born  child, 
and  situate  at  the  union  of  the  angles  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  There  are  six  fontanels.  1.  The 
great  or  sincip'ital  or  anterior,  situate  at  the 
junotion  of  the  sagittal  and  coronal  sutures. 
2.  The  email  or  bregma  fie  or  posterior,  situate  at 
the  part  where  the  posterior  and  superior  angles 
of  the  parietal  bones  unite  with  the  upper  part 
of  the  os  ocoipitis.    3.  The  two  sphenoidal,  in  the 


FONTBS 


386 


FORENSIC  ANATOMY 


temporal  fossa ;  and,  4.  The  two  mastoid,  or  of 
Casserius,  at  the  union  of  the  parietal,  occipital, 
and  temporal  bones. 

FONTES,  see  Fons  — f.  Medicati  Plumbarii, 
Plombieree,  mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurei  ca- 
lidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FONTICULE  1  POIS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FONTIC'ULUS,  Fontanel' la,  Exuto'rium,  Ex'- 
utory,  Issue,  (F.)  Fonticufe,  Cautlre.  A  small  ul- 
cer produced  by  art,  either  by  the  aid  of  caustics 
or  of  cutting  instruments;  the  discharge  from 
which  is  kept  up  with  a  view  to  fulfil  certain  the- 
rapeutical indications.  The  Pea  issue,  (F.)  Fon- 
ticuU  &  pois,  is  kept  up  by  means  of  a  pea  placed 
In  it.  This  pea,  (F.)  Pois  d  cautlre,  is  sometimes 
formed  of  wax ;  at  others,  the  young,  blasted 
fruit  of  the  orange  is  employed.  The  common 
dried  garden  pea  answers  the  purpose.  The  seton 
is  also  an  issue. 

FOOD,  Aliment — f.  Farinaceous,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f.  of  the  Gods,  Asafoetida. 

Food,  Prince  op  Wales's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as  ar- 
row-root, is  said  to  consist  entirely  of  potato- 
flour. 

FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  mascula. 

FOOT,  Pes— £  Flat,  see  Kyllosis— f.  Griffon's, 
Gryphius  pes. 

FOOTLING  CASE.  A  presentation  of  the  foot 
or  feet  in  parturition. 

FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from  foro,  *I  pierce.' 
Aulo»,  (F.)  Trou.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.    Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alveolare  Anterius,  see  Palatine 
canals — f.  Alveolare  postering,  see  Palatine  canals 

—  f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatorium  foramen — f. 
Aquoeductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum — f.  Au- 
ditorium externum,  see  Auditory  canal,  external 
— f.  Auditorium  internum,  see  Auditory  canal, 
internal — f.  of  Bichat,  see  Canal,  arachnoid — f. 
of  Botal,  see  Botal  foramen — £  Caecum  ossis  max- 
illaris  superioris,  see  Palatine  canals. 

Foramen  Cecum  of  the  Medul'la  Oblon- 
gata or  of  Vicq.  d'Aztr  j  (Fr.)  Trou  borgne.  A 
tolerably  deep  fossa  at  the  point  where  the  me- 
dium furrow  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata  meets  the  pons. 

Foramen  Cjscum  of  the  Tongue,  see  Caecum 
foramen,  and  Tongue — f.  Carotid,  see  Carotica 
foramina. 

For  a.' men  Centra'lB  et  Limbus  Lu'teus  Ret'- 
lN.fi.  The  central  foramen  and  yellow  spot  of  the 
retina  ;  discovered  by  Simmering.  Mac'ula  lu'- 
tea,  (F.)  Tache  iaune.  It  is  situate  about  two 
lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  and  in  the 
dii action  of  the  axis  of  the  eye. 

Foramen  Commune  Anterius,  Vulva— f.  Com- 
mune posterius,  see  Anus — f.  Condyloid,  see  Con- 
dyloid— f.  Conjugations,  see  Conjugation — f.  Eth- 
moideum,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal — f.  Incisivum, 
see  Palatine  canal  —  f.  Infraorbitarium,  see  Sub- 
orbftar  canal  —  f.  Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium 
foramen — f.  Jugulare,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen 

—  -f.  Lacerum  in  basi  oranii,  Lacerum  posterius 
foramen  —  f.  Lacerum  inferius,  Sphenomaxillary 
fissure— f.  Lacerum  superius,  Sphenoidal  fissure 
— f.  Magnum,  see  Occipital  bone — f.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  foramen — f.  Mental,  see  Mental  foramen. 

Foramen  of  Monro.  An  opening  behind  the 
anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix,  somewhat  above  the 
anterior  commissure,  by  which  the  third  ventricle 
communicates  with  the  lateral  ventricle. 

Foramen  of  Morgagni,  see  Caecum  foramen 
and  Tongue — f.  Obturatorium,  Obturator  foramen 

—  £  Oculi,  Pupil — f.  Oodes,  Ovale  foramen  —  f. 
Orbitarium  internum,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal — 
1  Orbitarium  superius,  Orbitar  foramen,  superior, 
¥•  •upraorbitarium — f.  Ovale,  Botal  foramen,  Fe- 


nestra oval  is,  Obturatorium  foramen,  Ovale  fora- 
men— f.  Palatinum  anterius,  see  Palatine  oanala 
— f.  Palatinum  posterius,  see  Palatine  canals — £ 
Palato-maxillare,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Rotan- 
dum,  Fenestra  rotunda — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spi- 
nale  foramen — f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium  fora- 
men— f.  of  Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

Foram'ina  Thebe'sii.  Openings  resembling 
vascular  orifices,  found  below  the  orifice  of  the 
vena  cava  superior  in  the  right  auricle,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  openings  of  veins. 

FORATIO,  Trepanning. 

FORCE,  from /orris,  « strong.'  Vis,  Pot  en' tin, 
Energi'a,  Dy'namis,  Cratos.  Any  power  which 
produces  an  action.  Those  powers  which  are  in- 
herent in  organization  are  called  vital  force*.  We 
say,  also,  organic  force,  and  muscular  force,  to 
designate  that  of  the  organs  in  general,  or  of  the 
muscles  in  particular.  To  the  latter  the  word 
Dynamis,  Swauis,  corresponds ;  and  the  absence  of 
this  force  is  termed  adyna'mia.  The  vital  force* 
have  to  be  carefully  studied  by  the  pathologist. 
The  doctrine  of  diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on 
their  augmentation  or  diminution;  freedom  or 
oppression,  Ac. 

Force  of  Assimilation,  Plastic  force — f.  Cata- 
lytic, see  Catalysis — f.  of  Formation,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Germ,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Metabolic,  see  Meta- 
bolic force — f.  of  Nutrition,  Plastic  force  —  £  of 
Vegetation,  Plastic  force — £  Vital,  Vis  vitalis— /. 
Vitale,  Vis  vitalis. 

FORCE-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leagues 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  chaly- 
beate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi,/erW«7)*,  from  ferrum,  'iron,* 
and  capio,  'I  take.'  Pincers,  Labis,  VolseVlte* 
An  instrument  for  removing  bodies,  which  it 
would  be  inconvenient  or  impracticable  to  seize 
with  the  fingers.  (F.)  Pinccn,  Pincettes.  There 
are  various  kinds  of  forceps,  1.  The  ordinary 
kind,  oontained  in  every  dressing-case,  for  re- 
moving lint,  Ac  from  wounds  or  ulcers.  (F.)  Pin- 
ces  d  anncaux.  2.  Dissecting  or  Lig'ature  or  Ar- 
te'rial  Forceps,  (F.)  Pinces  d  dissection,  P.  &  liga- 
ture, to  lay  hold  of  delicate  parts.  3.  Pol'ypus 
Forceps,  Tooth  Forceps,  Forceps  of  Musenx  for 
laying  hold  of  the  tonsils  or  other  parts  to  be  re- 
moved. 4.  The  Bullet  Forceps,  Strombnl'cus, 
(Fr.)  Tireballe.  6.  The  Lithotomy  Forceps, 
Lithol'abon,  Lithogo'gum,  Tenac'ula,  VolscVla, 
which  resembles  the  Craniotomy  Forceps,  (F.) 
Tenettes. 

Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstetri- 
cal practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and  bring 
it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two  branches,  ' 
blades  or  levers ;  one  of  which,  in  the  case  of  the 
short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  car  of  the  child, 
and  the  other  opposite  to  the  former,  so  that  the 
blades  may  look.  When  the  head  is  securel.  in- 
cluded between  the  blades,  the  operation  oi  ex- 
traction can  be  commenced.    See  Parturition. 

Forceps,  see  Corpus  callosum — f.  Anterior,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  £  Arterial,  see  Forceps — £ 
Bullet,  see  Forceps — f.  Craniotomy,  see  Forceps 
— f.  Deceptoria,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Lithotomy,  aee 
Forceps — f.  of  Museux,  see  Forceps— £  Polypes, 
Bee  Forceps — £  Tooth,  see  Forceps. 

FORD'S  BALSAM  OF  HOREHOUXD,  tee 
Balsam  of  horehound. 

FOREARM,  Antibra'chium,  Pygmi,  Par*  infe- 
rior bra'chii,  Cu'bitus,  (F.)  Avant-bras.  The  part 
of  the  upper  extremity,  comprised  between  the 
arm  and  the  hand.  It  is  composed  of  two  bones 
— radius  and  ulna — and  20  muscles. 

FOREHEAD,  Front 

FORENSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy— t 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 


PORES 


587 


FOSSES 


FORES,  Genital  organs. 

FORESKIN,  Prepuce. 

FORFEX,  Scissors — f.  Dentaria,  Dentagra. 

FORFIC'ULA  AURIOULA'RIA,  Earwig.  An 
Insect  of  the  Order  Orthoptera,  which  occasion- 
ally enters  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  and 
excites  intense  pain.  It  may  be  destroyed  by 
tobacco-smoke,  or  by  oil  poured  into  the  meatus. 

FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Forges 
is  situate  four  leagues  from  Gournay,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Seine  Inferieure,  France.  There 
are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  These  are  called  Royal,  Reinette,  and  Car- 
dinal, in  honor  of  Louis  XIII.,  Queen  Anne  of 
Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  used  them. 

FORMATIVE,  Plastic. 

FORMI'CA,  Myrmex.  The  ant  or  pismire. 
(F.)  Fourmi.  It  contains  an  acid  juice  and  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  as  aphrodi- 
siacs. The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said  to  be 
diuretic  and  carminative ;  and  have  been  used  in 
dropsy.  2.  Also  the  name  of  a  black  wart,  ver- 
ru'ca  formica'ria,  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft 
surface ;  so  called  because  the  pain  attending  it 
resembles  the  biting  of  an  ant,  pvspvKta,  myrme'- 
cia.  —  Fores tu 8.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the 
anus  and  glans  penis.    4.  AIbo,  miliary  herpes. 

Formica  Ambulatoria,  Herpes  circinatus  — 
f.  Corrosive,  Herpes  exedens. 

FORM'ICANT,  Myrme'cizon,  Formi'eans,  from 
formica,  'an  ant*  (F.)  FovrtniUant.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  pulse,  PuUue  formi'eans,  when 
extremely  small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal, 
and  communicating  a  sensation  like  that  of  the 
motion  of -an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMICA'TION,  Formica'tio,  Myrmeciae'- 
mus,  Myrmeci'asis,  Myrmecie'mus,  Myrmeco'eis, 
Stupor  formi'eans.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Four- 
miuement.  A  pain,  compared  with  that  which 
would  be  caused  by  a  number  of  ants  creeping  on 
apart. 

FORMIX,  Herpes  esthiomenus. 

FOR'MULA,  from  forma,  'a  form/  (F.)  For- 
mule,  Ordotmance.  The  receipt  for  the  formation 
of  a  compound  medicine j  a  prescription. 

FORM' U LARY,  Formula'rium,  Codex  medica- 
menta'riue,  Norths' da,  Narthe'cium,  Nartkex.  A 
collection  of  medical  formulss  ox  receipts. 

FOR  MULE,  Prescription. 

FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro- 
form. 

FORNIX,  'an  arch  or  vault'  For'nix  cer'ebri, 
Cam' era,  Fornix  trilat'erus,  Psalis,  Pealid'ium, 
Testa' do  cer'ebri,  Arcus  meduUafrie,  (F.)  Trigone 
ctribral — (Ch.,)  Votite  d  trois  piliere,  Triangle 
MSdtUlaire.  A  medullary  body  in  the  brain, 
below  the  corpus  callosum  and  above  the  middle 
ventricle,  on  the  median  line.  This  body,  which 
is  carved  upon  itself,  terminates  anteriorly  by  a 
prolongation,  which  constitutes  its  anterior  pillar 
or  crus,  (F.)  Pilier  anUrUur,  and  posteriorly  by 
two  similar  prolongations,  (Medposterior  pillars 
ot  crura.    See  Achicolum,  and  V  ault 

Fobrix  Cbrbbri,  Fornix. 

FORPEX,  Scissors. 

fORTIFIANT,  Corroborant,  Tonic 

PORTRAITURE,  Hysteralgia. 

FOSSA,  Fo'vea,  from  fodio,  'I  dig.'  Seamma. 
A.  cavity  of  greater  or  less  depth,  the  entrance  to 
-which  is  always  larger  than  the  base.  .The  fossa 
of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when  they  belong 
to  one  bone  only,  as  the  parietal  fossa;  and 
oovipovnd,  (F.)  Fosses  composies,  when  several 
concur  in  their  formation,  as  the  orbitar  fossa, 
temporal  fossa,  Ac 

Fossa  Axyg'daloid,  Amyg'daloid  excava'tion. 
The  flpace  between  the  anterior  and  posterior 


pillars  of  the  fauces,  which  is  occupied  by  the 
tonsils. 

Fossa  Aktn't^.  A  kind  of  bandage,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose ;  so  called,  by  Galen,  from 
Amyntas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the  turns 
of  which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 
Fossa  Carina,  Canine  fossa. 
Fossa  Cerbbel'li,  (F.)  Fo—e  ciribetteuse.  The 
inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the  corre- 
sponding portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossa  Coroka'lis,  Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa, 
A  depression  on  the  orbitar  plate  of  the  frontal 
or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  the  anterior  lobe 
of  the  brain. 

Fossa  CorokoI'dra,  Cor*  onoid  fossa.  A  cavity 
before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus,  in 
which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  is  engaged 
during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 
Fossa  Cotyloidea,  see  Cotyloid. 
Fossa,  Digas'tric,  Foesa  digas'trica.    A  deep 
groove  On  the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  which  gives  origin  to  the  digastric  muscle. 
Fossa  Ethmoid a'lis,  Ethmoid  fo&ea.    A  shal- 
low gutter  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  cribri- 
form plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  on  which  is 
lodged  the  expanded  portion  of  the  olfactory 
nerve. 
Fossa  Genu,  Poples. 

Fobs  A  Guttora'lis,  Guttural  foesa.  The  de- 
pression which  forms  the  guttural  region  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen  mag- 
num and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hyaloidea,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa) — f. 
Iliac,  see  Hiao  fossae  —  f.  Infra-orbitar,  Canine 
fossa— f.  Infra-spinous,  see  Infra-spinata  fossa. 

Fossa  Innomikata.  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  antihelix  of  the  ear. 

Fossa,  Ischio-rectal,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Ju- 
gularis,  Jugular  fossa-  -f.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal 
fossa — f.  Magna  Muliebris,  Vulva  —  f.  Magna 
Sylvii,  Fissura  Sylvil. 

Fossa,  Mental,  Fo$*a  mentaflis.  A  small  de- 
pression on  each  side  of  the  symphysis  on  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  body  o'f  the  maxilla  infe- 
rior, for  the  attachment  of  muscles. 
Fossa  Naviculars,  Navioular  fossa. 
Fossa  Occipitalis,  Occip'ital  fossa.  The 
occipital  fossae  are  four  in  number ;  the  superior 
or  cerebral,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebellous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the  late- 
ral sinus. 

Fossa  Ova  lis,  see  Ovalis  fossa — f.  Palatina, 
Palate — f.  Perineal,  Perineal  fossa —  f.  Pituitaria, 
Sella  Turcica. 

Fossa  Poplite'a,  Poplite'alfosea.  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham ; — the  popliteal  region. 

Fossa  Scaphoides,  Navicularis  fossa — f.  bdb- 
orbitar,  Canine  fossa. 

Fossa,  Subpyram'idai,  F.  subpyramida'lis.  A  • 
deep  fossa  under  the  pyramid  and  behind  the  fe- 
nestra rotunda  in  the  middle  ear,  remarkable  for 
its  constancy,  and  pierced  by  several  foramina  at 
the  bottom. 

Fossa  Supra-sphexoidalis,  Pituitaria  fossa— 
f.  of  Sylvius,  Ventricle,  fifth— f.  Umbillcalis,  sea 
Liver. 

Fossae  Ckrebra'les,  Cerebral  fossa.    Fossst 

or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  cranium.   They 

are  nine  in  number;  three  occupy  the  median 

line,  and  three  are  placed  at  each  side.   They  are 

distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 

Fossae  Dkhtalss,  see  Impression. 

FOSSE   BASIL  AIRE,    Basilary    fossa—/. 

Soue-tpineuse,  Infra-spinata  fossa—/.  Sus-tpi» 

neuee,  Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDYLOlDIENNBS,  Coodylo. 


FOSSETTE 


S68 


FRJBNUH 


Idea  foramina—/.  Naealee,  Ouverturee  posUrieures 
dee,  Nares,  posterior. 

FOSSETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  fossa.  Scro- 
Uc'ulue,  Both'rion.  Several  depressions  are  00 
called.  A  dimpled  chin,  Foeeette  du  menton,  con- 
sists in  a  slight  depression,  which  certain  persons 
have  on  the  chin.  2.  A  dimple  of  ike  cheek,  (F.) 
Foeeette  dee  jouee,  a  depression  which  occurs  on 
the  cheeks  of  certain  persons  when  they  laugh. 
Scrobie'uluM  eordia,  Anticar'dwn,  Prc3Cor/dium, 
(F.)  Foeeette  du  cctur.  The  depression  observed 
on  a  level  with  the  xiphoid  cartilage  at  the  ante- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  chest.  It  is,  also, 
called  pit  of  the  etomach,  (F.)  Creux  de  Veetomac 

FOSSETTE,  Fotfeula,  A'nulue,  Bothrium,  is 
also  a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  cornea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

FOSSETTE  ANOULAIRE  DU  QUATRI- 
JtME  VENTR1CULE,  Calamus  scriptorius— /. 
du  Caur,  Scrobiculu8  cordis. 

F08S0RIUM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Argema,  Fossa,  Foeeette,  Fovea. 

FOTHERGILL'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et 
coloeynthidis. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — t  Communis,  Decoctum 
papaveris. 

FOU,  Insane. 

FOUGJ&RE  FEMELLE,  Asplenium  filix  foe- 
mina,  Pteris  aquilina— /.  Grande,  Pteris  aquilina 
— /.  Male,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

FOULURE,  Sprain. 

FOUNDLING  HOSPITAL,  Brephotropheum. 

FOURCHE,  {V.),fourchi,  'clea;'  from  furca, 
*  a  fork.'  Apoete'ma  Phalan'gum.  A  French 
provincial  term  for  small  abscesses  which  form  on 
the  fingers  and  hands  of  working-people.  Also, 
an  instrument,  invented  by  M.  J.  L.  Petit,  for 
compressing  the  ranine  artery  in  oases  of  hemor- 
rhage from  that  vessel. 

FOURCHETTE',Fureil'la,*]iUl*toTk.  Fur>- 
cula.  A  surgical  instrument  used  for  raising  and 
supporting  the  tongue,  during  the  operation  of 
dividing  the  framum. 

Fourehette,  in  anatomy,  is,  1.  The  posterior 
oommissure  of  the  labia  majors,  oalled  also,  Frae- 
num and  Fur'cula  Labio'rum.  2.  The  oartilago 
ensiformis:  so  called  from  its  being  sometimes 
cleft  like  a  fork.  Also,  the  semilunar  notch  at 
the  superior  or  clavicular  extremity  of  the 
sternum. 

FOUR  MI,  Formioa. 

FOURMILLANT,  Formieant. 

FOURMILLEMENT,  Formication. 

FOTTSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FO'VEA,  diminutive,  Fove'ola,  from  fodio,  'I 
dig.'  Bothroe.  A  slight  depression.  Foe'eula. 
The  pudendum  muliebre;  see  Vulva.  Also,  the 
foeea  navicularie.  A  vapour-bath  for  the  lower 
extremities. 

Fovea  Axillaris,  Axilla — f.  Elliptioa,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli  — f.  Hemlspherica,  see  Crista 
Vestibuli  —  f.  Laorymalls,  Lachrymal  fossa — t 
Oouli,  Orbit— £  Semi-elliptica,  see  Crista  Vesti- 
buli—f.  Suloiformis,  see  Crista  Vestibuli. 

FOVBOLA,  Fovea. 

FOXBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursL 

FOXGLOVE,  Digitalis. 

FOYER,  Fomes  morbi. 

FRACTURA,  Fracture— t  Dentis,  Odonto- 


FRACTTJRE,  Fraetu'ra,  from  frangere,  frac- 
tion, 'to  break,'  'bruise.'  Catag'ma,  Catag'ma 
Fractu'ra,  Oatax'is,  Olaeie,  Claetna,  Agmi,  Ag- 
ma,  Diar'rhagi.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a 
bone,  Osteoclasis.  A  simple  fracture  is  when  the 
bone  only  is  divided.  A  compound  fracture  is  a 
41vtsion  of  the  bone  with  a  wound  of  the  integu- 


ments communicating  with  the  bone, — the  bone, 
indeed,  generally  protruding.  In  a  com'minuud 
fracture,  Alphitefdon,  «Af  trvfev,  Carye'don  Ca- 
tag'ma, Kajwnbev  Karay/M,  the  bone  is  broken  into 
several  pieces;  and  in  a  complicated  fracture) 
there  is,  in  addition  to  the  injury  done  to  the 
bone,  a  lesion  of  some  considerable  vessel,  ner- 
vous trunk,  <fcc  Fractures  are  also  termed  trane- 
veree,  oblique,  Ac,  according  to  their  direction. 
The  treatment  of  fractures  consists,  in  general,  in 
reducing  the  fragments  when  displaced;  maintain- 
ing  them  when  reduced ;  preventing  the  symp- 
toms, whioh  may  be  likely  to  arise ;  and  combating 
them  when  they  occur.  The  reduction  of  fractures 
must  be  effected  by  extension,  counter-extension^ 
and  coaptation.  The  parts  are  kept  in  apposition 
by  position,  rest,  and  an  appropriate  apparatus. 
The  position  must  vary  according  to  the  kind  of 
fracture.  Commonly,  the  fractured  limb  is  placed 
on  a  horisontal  or  slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a 
state  of  extension ;  or  rather  in  a  middle  state 
between  extension  and  flexion,  according  to  the 
case. 

FRACTURE  EN  RAVE,  Raphanedon. 

Fracture  or  thjb  Radius,  Babtoit's,  Bar- 
ton's Fracture.  A  term  applied  to  a  fracture  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  radius,  which  com- 
mences at  the  artioular  surface,  and  extends  up- 
wards for  an  inch  or  more,  to  terminate  on  the 
dorsal  aspect  Owing  to  the  extensor  muscles 
drawing  up  the  separated  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  with  it  the  carpus,  a  deformity  results,  whioh 
has  been  confounded  with  simple  dislocation.  In 
consequence  of  the  fracture  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, it  is  often  oalled  after  him. 

FRACTURES  PAR  R$  SON  NANCE,  see 
Contraflssura. 

FRJBNA  EPIGLOTTITIS,  Glosso-epigiottie 
ligaments  7- £  Morgagnii,  F.  of  the  Valve  of 
Bauhin. 

Frjeka  or  raz  Vaxts  or  Bauhjh,  (F.)  Freine 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the  ileo* 
coecal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frama  and 
Retinac'ula  Morgagn'ii. 

FRENULUM,  see  Framum,  Bride  —  f.  Clito- 
ridis,  Framum  olitoridis— £  Labiorum,  Fourehette 
— £  Novum,  Taenia  senuoircularis. 

Frenulum  Vhli  Mbdulla'ris  Ahtbbio'ris. 
A  narrow  slip,  given  off  by  the  commissure  of  the 
encephalio  testes,  whioh  strengthens  the  junction 
of  the  testes  with  the  valve  of  Vieussens. 

FRjENUM,  Fre'num;  (F.)  Frein,  a  bridle.' 
Frenulum,  Filel'lmm,  Filamen'tuuu  'A  small 
bridle.'  A  bridle.  Names  given  to  several  mem- 
branous folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  certain 
organs. 

Franum  Clitor'idis,  Fra'nulum  Clitor'idie, 
(¥.)  Frein  du  Clitoris.  A  slight  duplicator* 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  nymphs*. 

Frahum  Glaitdib,  F.  Penis. 

Frjbnttx  Labio'rum,  (F.)  Frein  dee  Bvrec 
There  are  two  of  these;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  by  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Also,  the 
Fourehette. 

Ffcjrauv  Ldcguje,  Frenulum  sen  Vtn'enlum 
Lingua,  Gloeeodee'mue,  File' turn,  (F.)  Filet  oa 
Frein  de  la  langue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  motttfc, 
and  situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  tha* 
cavity  and  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tongue. 
When  the  frwnum  extends  as  mr  a*  the  extrev 


FRAGARIA 


389 


FRAXINUS  AMERICANA 


mlty  of  the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  movements,  in- 
terferes with  suoking,  Ac.  This  inconvenience 
is  remedied  by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  French  call  this  Vopiration  du 
JUet. 

Frjbnuk  Penis,  F.  sen  Frenulum  sen  Vincu- 
lum Prapu'tii,  F.  Olandis,  Oynodes'mion,  Cyno- 
des'mus,  Vin'culum  Oani'num,  (¥.)  Filet  on  Frein 
de  la  verge,  is  a  membranous  reflection  which 
fixes  the  prepuce  to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans. 
When  too  short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from 
sliding  over  the  glans. 

Franux  Pr*putii,  P.  Penis. 

FRAGA'RIA,  from  fragro,  «I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Strawberry,  Fraga'ria  vcsca  sen  vulga'ris 
sou  scmper-Jlorene,  Chama'batos,  (F.)  Fraisier. 
The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  wholesome,  and  the 
roots  have  been  used  as  tonic  and  slightly  diure- 
tic The  fruit  is  the  Fragrwn,  Kopapov  of  the  an- 
cients; (F.)  Praise. 

Fragaria  Anssrina,  Potentilla  anserina — f. 
Pentaphyllum,  Potentilla  reptans — £  Tormentilla 
officinalis,  Potentilla  tormentilla. 

Fraga'ria  Virginia'na,  Wild  Strawberry. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  has  astringent  leaves. 

FRAGILE  VITREUM,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

FRAGIL'ITAS,  Ruptibil'itas,  from  frango,  'I 
break.'  Fragility,  Brittleness.  The  state  of 
being  easily  broken  or  torn. 

Fragil'itas  Os'biuh,  Osteopsathyro'sis,  Brit'- 
tUness  of  the  bones,  FriabiVily  of  the  bone*,  Pa- 
ras'tiajrag"  Ms,  Frag"  Hi  vit'reum.  Pathologists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  facility  with 
which  bones  break  in  certain  diseases  of  the  os- 
seous texture.  It  is  owing  to  a  deficiency  of  the 
animal  matter. 

FRAGMENT,  Frogmen' turn,  Frogmen,  Ra~ 
men' turn,  from  frangere,  <to  break.'  The  French 
use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a  fractured 
none ;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  euperior  and  the 
inferior  fragment* 

Fragments,  Prec"ious.  A  name  formerly 
given,  in  Pharmacy,  to  the  garnet,  hyacinth, 
emerald,  sapphire  and  topaz.  The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixiterial  proper- 
ties. 

FRAG  ON,  Ruscus. 

FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 

F RAISE,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISIER,  Fragaria. 

FRAMBCE'SIA,  Framba'sia,  Lepra  fungif- 
era,  from  Framboise,  (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Syph'- 
ilis  In'dica,  Anthra'cia  ru'bula,  Thymio'sis,  Thy- 
mio'eis  sen  Lues  In'dica,  Vari'ola  Amboinen'sis, 
JApra  fungif'era,  Seroph'ula  Molucca' na.  The 
Yaws,  Epian,  Pian.  A  disease  of  the  Antilles 
and  of  Africa,  characterised  by  tumours,  of  a 
contagious  character,  which  resemble  strawber- 
ries, raspberries,  or  champignons ;  ulcerate,  and 
sure  accompanied  by  emaciation.  The  Pian,  for 
so  the  Indians  call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  Ame- 
rica and  Africa. 

Pian  of  America,  Frambafeia  America' na, 
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
similar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  eases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Ouin'ea,  Frambar'sia  Guineen'sis,  An- 
thra'eia  Ru'bula  Quint  en' sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  diffe- 
rent parts,  and  especially  on  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration and  around  the  anus ;  these  spots  disap- 
pear, and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar,  to 
which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows  slowly, 
and  has  the  shape  above  described. 


The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  mercurial 
friction,  when  small.  When  large,  they  must  be 
destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  cases,  mercury 
must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was  ob- 
served in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medical  ntti . 
oers  of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Expedition. 
It  is  called  by  the  natives  Dthoke. 

Frambcbbia  Illtrica,  Scherlievo — t  Booties* 
Sibbens. 

FRAMBOISE,  Rubus  idssus. 

FRANCOLIN,  Attagen. 

FRANOES  STNO  VIALES,  Synovial  glands. 

FRANGULA  ALNUS,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinna 
abies — f.  True,  Juniperus  lycia. 

FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD,  or  FRANZ- 
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  water  at  Eger,  in  Bohemia,  which 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  oarbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are  also  called 
Fransensbrunnen. 

FRAPPER,  Percuss. 

FRASERA  CAROLINIENSIS,  see  Calumba 
— f.  Officinalis,  see  Calumba— t  Walter!,  see  Ca- 
lumba. 

ERATER  UTERINUS,  see  Uterinns  frater. 

MtATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 

FRATRATIO,  Adelphixia. 

FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS,  Dictamnns 
albus — f.  White,  Diotamnus  albus. 

FRAXINUS  AMERICA'NA,  White  Ash;  and 

Fraxinus  Quadrangula'ta,  Blue  Ash,  indi- 
genous; have  bitter  and  astringent  barks,  and 
have  been  used  as  antiperiodics. 

Fraxinus  Apbtala,  F.  excelsior — f.  Aurea,  F. 
excelsior — f.  Crispa,  F.  excelsior — f.  Excels*,  F. 
excelsior. 

Frax'inus  Excel' s i or.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus,  Ornus  sen  Fraxinus 
sylves'tris,  Fr.  apefala  sou  au'rea  seu  crispa  seu 
excel' ea  seu  pen'dula  seu  verrucosa,  Bume'lia  sen 
Macedon'ica  Fraxinus,  Bumelia.  Ord.  Oleaceae. 
(F.)  Frtne.  The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately 
strong,  bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  said  to  pos- 
sess resolvent  and  diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been 
given  in  intermittent*.  The  seeds,  called  Birds* 
tongues,  Lingua  avis,  Ornithoglos'ea,  have  been 
exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of  a  drachm. 
Its  sap  has  been  extolled  against  deafness. 

Fraxinus  Florifbra,  F.  ornus — f.  Macedo- 
nica,  F.  excelsior. 

Fraxinus  Ornus,  Fraxinus  me'lia  seu  pani- 
cula'ta  seu  Jlorif'cra,  Ornus  mannif'era  seu  rotun- 
difo'lia.  The  systematic  name  of  the  tree  whence 
manna  flows.  This  substance  is  also  called  Manna 
Calabri'na,  Ros  Calabri'nus,  Airom'eli,  Drosom'- 
eli,  Drvsom'eli,  Mel  ai'rium,  Succus  orni  concre'- 
tus.  In  Sicily,  not  only  the  Fraxinus  Ornus,  but 
also  the  F.  rotundifolia  and  F.  excelsior  are  regular- 
ly cultivated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  manna, 
which  is  their  condensed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  assigned  to  Ornus  Europaa.  Manna  is  in- 
odorous, sweetish,  with  a  very  slight  degree  of 
bitterness ;  in  friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pale 
yellow  colour;  opake,  and  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  is  laxative,  and  is  used  as  a  pur- 
gative for  children,  who  take  it  readily  on  ac- 
count of  its  sweetness.  More  generally  it  is  em- 
ployed as  an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  Dose, 
sss  to  gij.  Its  immediate  principle  is  called 
Mannite  or  Mannin.  This  has  been  recommended 
by  Magendie  as  a  substitute  for  manna.  Dose, 
3jj,  for  children. 

Fraxinus  Paniculata,  F.  ornus — f.  QuaJran- 
gulata,  see  F.  Americana — f.  Rotundifolia,  V. 
ornus. 


FRAYEUR 


890 


FROISSEMENT 


FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE,  Panophobia, 

FRECKLES.  Ephelides. 

FREEMAN'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  aee  Li. 
nimentum  saponis  compositum. 

FREIN,  Frsenum— /.  du  Clitorie,  Fran  urn 
clitoridi8 — /  dt  la  Langue,  Fraenum  linguae  — /. 
dee  JAvree,  Fronum  laborium — /.  de  la  Verge, 
Fraenum  penis. 

FREINS  DE  LA  VAL  VULE  DE  BA  UHIN, 
Fran  a  of  the  valve  of  Baubin. 

FREINWALDE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Brandenburg,  twelve  leagues 
from  Berlin.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
iron,  Ac,  and  are  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

FRtimSSEMENT,  Shuddering. 

FR£mIS$EMENT  CAT  AIRE  (F.),  'Cate 
purr.'  Purring  Tremor,  Laennec  has  given  this 
name  to  the  agitation  which  is  senriblo  to  the 
hand,  when  applied  on  the  precordial  region, 
and  which  he  considers  a  sign  of  ossification  or 
other  contraction  of  the  auriculo-ventricular  open- 
ings. The  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the 
analogy  of  the  sound  to  the  purring  of  a  cat 

FREMITUS,  BruUeement,  Freminement,  Shud- 
dering. 

The  Pectoral  or  Vocal  Frem'itue,  Pectoral  Vi- 
bra'tion,  Tactile  vibration,  is  an  obscure  diffused 
resonance  of  the  voice,  which  is  felt  when  the 
hand  is  applied  to  the  chest 

FRENA,  Alveolus. 

FR&NE,  Frazinus  excelsior — /.  Jtpineux, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

FRENULUM,  see  Fraenum. 

FRENUM,  Fraenum. 

FRET,  Chafing,  Herpes. 

FRlSTILLEMENT,  Fidget*. 

FRICATIO,  Friction. 

FRICATORIUM,  Liniment 

FRICfi,  Frieum,  Frico'nium,  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  employed  nnder  the  form  of 
friction.  They  distinguish  the  Frici  eieeum  and 
F.  molli. — Gaubius. 

FRICONIUM,  Frioe. 

FRICTA,  Colophonia. 

FRICTIO,  Friction  — f.  Humida,  see  Friction 
— f.  Sicca,  see  Friction. 

FRICTION,  Fric'tio,  Frica'tio,  Ana? rite, 
Anatrip'eu,  Trypeie,  Chirap'eia,  from  fricare, 
'to  rub.'  The  action  of  rubbing  a  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  body  more  or  less  forcibly,  with 
the  hands,  a  brush,  flannel,  Ac,  constituting  Xc- 
rotrib'iay  Xerotrip'eie,  Fric'tio  sicca  or  dry  fric- 
tion; or  with  ointments,  liniments,  tinctures,  Ac, 
constituting  moist  friction,  Fric'tio  hu'mida.  It 
is  a  useful  means  for  exciting  the  action  of  the 
skin. 

FRicnoTf  Soukd,  Bruit  de  frottemenL 

FRICTRIX,  Tribady 

FRICTUM,  Liniment 

FRICUM,  JVice. 

FRIGEFACIENTIA,  Refrigerants. 

FRIGID,  Frig"idue,  (F.)  Froid:  same  ety- 
mon as  Frigidity.  Cold.  Not  easily  moved  to 
sexual  desire ;  ImbeVlu  ad  ven'erem.    Impotent 

FRIGIDARIUM,  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID'ITY,  Frigid' itae,  from  frigidum, 
'©old/  A  sensation  of  cold.  Also,  impotence, 
and  sterility.  Frigidity  of  the  atomack  is  a  state 
of  debility  of  that  organ,  imputed  to  excessive 
Tenery, — the  Auorex'ia  exhaueto'rum  of  Sauvages. 

FRIGIDUS,  Frigid. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from  frigue,  'cold/  and  fio, 
*  I  make.'  That  which  has  the  power  of  produc- 
ing cold.  The  best  Fbioorific  Mixtures  are 
the  following.     Their  effeots  are  owing  to  the 


rapid  absorption  of  heat  when  solids  pass  into 
the  liquid  state. 

Fbioorific  Mixtures  with  Snow. 


Mixture*. 
Snow,  or   pounded    ioe,  two' 
parts  by  weight; 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice. 
Chloride  of  Sodium. . 

Mur.  of  Ammonia. 1 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 24. 

Chloride  of  Sodium .......  10. 

Muriate  of  Ammonia. 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 12. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 5. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia. 5. 

Dilut  Sulph.  Acid 2. 

Snow 3. 

Concentr.  Mur.  Acid. 5. 

Snow 8. 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid. ...  4. 

Snow 7. 

Chloride  of  Calcium 5. 

Snow 4. 

Cry  stall.  Chloride  of  Calcium  3. 

Snow 2. 

Fused  Potash 4. 

Snow... •  3. 


Therm.  falU 


to— 5° 


S 

§ 

B 
o 
u 


to— 12* 

to— 18° 


to— 25° 
from+S2° 

to— 23° 
from +32° 

to— 27° 
from +32* 

to-30° 
from+32° 

to— 40° 
from+32° 

to— 50* 
from+32* 

to— 51° 


Frigorifio  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow  or 
ioe.    The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and  dry. 

Fbioorific  Mixtures  without  Show. 

Mixture*.  Therm,  fall*. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia. 5.)        firom+50o 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5.  }  to— 10° 

Water 16. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda. 8. 

Water 16. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 1. 

Water 1. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 1. 

Carbonate  of  Soda 1. 

Water 1. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 3. 

Dilut  Nitrous  Acid 2. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 4. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 2. 

Dilut  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda. 6. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Dilut  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9. 

Dilut  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 6. 

Dilut  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda. 8. 

Muriatic  Acid  ..*..... 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda. 5. 

Dilut  Sulphuric  Acid 4. 

FRIGUS,  Cold— f.  Tenue,  see  Rigor. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 

FRISSONNEMENT,  Horripilation.  j 

FROGLEAF,  Brasenia  Hydropeltis.  1 

FROG  TONGUE,  Ranula.  \ 

FROGS'  SPAWN,  Sperma  ranarom.  * 

FROID,  Cold,  Frigid—/.  Glacial,  Ice-cold. 
FROISSEMENT,  (F.)  'Rubbing,  bruising/ 
FROISSEMENT  PULMONAIRE,  Mrwit  da 
froUtement  pulmonaire,    Pulmonary  crwmpHmg 


from+50° 
to+10* 

from+50° 
to+  4° 

from+50° 
to—  7° 

from+50° 
to—  3° 

from+50* 
to— 10° 

frosa+ft*0 
to— 14° 

from+50° 
to— 12* 

from+50* 
to— 21» 

from+50° 
to—  0° 

from+50° 
to—  3° 


FROLEMENT 


SOI 


FUCUS 


tcmnd.  A  name  given  by  M.  Poarnet  to  a  respi- 
ratory sound,  which  communicates  to  the  ear  the 
sensation  of  the  rubbing  (froistement)  of  a  tex- 
ture compressed  against  a  hard  body.  It  is  by 
no  means  well  defined. 

FBdLEMENT,  (F.)  'Grazing  or  touching 
lightly.' 

FR6LEMENT  PJSrICARDTQUE,  Bruit  de 
frdUment  pSricardique.  Rustling  noise  of  the 
pericardium.  A  Bound  resembling  that  produced 
by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parchment  or  of 
thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart.  It  indicates  roughness  of 
the  pericardium  induced  by  disease. 

FROM  AGE,  Cheese. 

FROM rE NT,  Triticum. 

FRONCEMENT,  Corrugation. 

FRO  N  CLE,  Furun cuius. 

FRONDE,  Funda. 

FRONT,  Front,  Jfeto'pon,  Forehead,  Brow. 
That  part  of  the  visage,  which  extends  from  one 
temple  to  the  other,  and  is  comprised  in  a  verti- 
cal direction,  between  the  roots  of  the  hair  and 
the  superciliary  ridges. 

FRONTAL,  Frontalis.  Relating  or  belong- 
ing to  the  front  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  parts.  Winslow,  Sb'mmering,  and  others, 
call  the  anterior  part  of  the  occipito-frontalis — 
the  frontal  muscle  or  fronta' lis,  Musculo' sa  Frontis 
Cuiem  movent  substantia  Par  (Vesalius). 

Frontal  Artkrt,  A.  tupra-orbita'lit,  is  given 
off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a  branch  of 
the  internal  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
■kull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the  orbit, 
and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the  bone  and 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum ;  dividing  into  three 
or  four  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Bone,  Os  frontis,  Oe  corona' U,  Ot  in- 
verecun'dum,  Meto'pon,  0*  puppis,  Of  Ratio' nit. 
A  double  bone  in  the  foetus,  single  in  the  adult, 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  and  at  the 
superior  part  of  the  face.  It  forms  the  vault 
of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid  bone  in  a 
notch  at  its  middle  part;  and  is  articulated, 
besides,  with  the  sphenoid,  parietal,  and  nasal 
bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary,  and 
malar  bones. 

Frontal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in  its 
course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment  to  the 
fair  cerebri. 

Frontal  Nerve,  Palpibro-frontal — (Ch.,)  is 
the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the  ophthal- 
mic nerve,  —  the  first  division  of  the  5th  pair. 
It  proceeds  along  the  superior  paries  of  the  orbit, 
and  divides  into  two  branches :  —  the  one,  inter- 
nal, which  makes  its  exit  from  the  orbitar  fossa, 
passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the  oblique  muscle : 
—the  other,  external,  issuing  from  the  same  ca- 
vity, by  the  foramen  orbitarium  superius. 

Frontal  Protc'bbrance,  Frontal  tuberosity, 
Tuber  fronta' li,  Suggrun'dium  tupercilio'rum. 
The  protuberance  of  the  frontal  bone  above  the 
superciliary  arch. 

Frontal  Si'nubes,  Fronta'let  Sinus,  jfeto- 
pan'tra,  Protopan'tra,  Sinus  Supereilia'res,  S. 
pituita'rii  frontis,  Cavern' <b  frontis,  are  two  deep 
cavities  in  the  subsUnce  of  the  frontal  bone, 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  medium  septum, 
and  opening,  below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the 
ethmoid  bone. 

Frontal  Spine,  Crista  interna,  is  situate  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  bone,  and  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables  for 
the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 


Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Frontalis  to 
a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  forehead. 
Such  have,  also,  been  called  r/w/imm&a  and 
avaKoXXrtftara. 

Frontal  Tuberosity,  Frontal  protuberance. 

FRONTA'Lfi,  from  front,  *  the  forehead.'  A 
medicine  applied  to  the  forehead. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontalis. 

Frontalis  Verus,  Corrugator  superciliL 

FRONTODYMIA,  see  Cephalodyniia. 

FRONTO- ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Csecnm 
foramen — /.  Nasal,  Pyramidalis  nasi — /.  Sour- 
cilier,  Corrugator  supercilii. 

FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 

FROSTWEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum,  Ho- 
lianthemum  Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 

FROTH'Y,  from  Gr.  a?p»f,  'froth/  (?)  Spu- 
mo' sue,  (F.)  Spumeux,  Ecumeux,  Mousseux.  An 
epithet  given  to  the  feces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FROTTEMENT,  see  Bruit  de  frottement 

FROTTEMENT  OLOBULAIRE.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Simonnet,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic  re- 
gurgitation, when  it  is  jerking,  and,  in  well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  finger  applied  to  the  artery. 

FRUCTIFICATIO,  Fecundation. 

FRUCTUS  HORiBJ,  Fruit,  (summer)— f.  Im- 
maturus,  Abortion. 

FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'orus,  from  frugts, 
'  fruits/  and  voro,  *  I  eat/    One  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  Fructns,  from  frui,  *  to  enjoy/  Carpos. 
In  botany,  the  seed  with  its  enclosing  pericarp. 
In  a  medical  sense  it  may  be  defined  to  be : — 
that  part  of  a  plant  whioh  is  taken  as  food.  The 
effects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a  medical  as  well 
as  a  dietetical  point  of  view,  arc  various.  They 
may  be  distinguished  into  classes :  for,  whilst  the 
Cerealia,  for  example,  afford  fruits,  which  are 
highly  nutritious,  the  Summer  Fruits  (Frttctut 
Hora*'i,)  which  include  strawberries,  cherries, 
currants,  mulberries,  raspberries,  figs,  grapes,  Ac, 
arc  refrigerant  and  grateful,  but  afford  little  nou- 
rishment. 

FRUIT-SUGAR,  Glucose. 

FRUMENT,  Fru'menty,  Fur'menty,  from  /m- 
mentum,  '  wheat'  or  'grain,'  quasi  frugimentum  ; 
from  fruget,  'fruit'  Pottage  made  of  wheat. 
Food  made  of  wheat  boiled  in  milk. 

FRUMEN'TUM.  Same  etymon.  Sitot.  Any 
kind  of  grain  from  which  bread  was  made; — 
especially  wheat. 

Frumentum,  Triticum — f.  Corniculatum,  Ergot 
— f.  Cornutum,  Ergot — f.  Luxurians,  Ergot— £ 
Temulentum,  Ergot — f.  Turgidum,  Ergot 

FRUSTRATOIRE,  (F.)  Any  liquor,  taken 
a  short  time  after  eating,  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
sisting digestion  when  difficult  Sugared  water. 
eau  tucrie,  or  water  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
brandy,  or  some  aromatic  substance,  is  commonly 
used  for  this  purpose. 

FRUTEX  BACCIFERBRAZILIENSIS,Caa- 
ghivuyo— f.  Indicus  spinosus,  Cara  schulli. 

FUCU8,  F.  vesiculosus,  Paint 

Fucus  Amtla'ckus,  Jaffna  Mots,  Ed'ibU  Most% 
Ceylon  Mots,  Ploea'ria  can'dida,  Oracila'ria  li- 
ehenoVdet,  Spharococ'cus  lichenoi'des,  Gigarti'na 
lichenoi'des,  Fucus  lichenoi'des,  Marine  Most. 
This  moss  belongs  to  the  natural  order  Algae.  It 
was  introduced  some  years  ago  into  England, 
from  India.  It  is  white,  filiform  and  fibrous,  and 
has  the  usual  odour  of  sea- weeds.  Its  medical 
properties  are  similar  to  those  of  Irish  moss. 

Fucus,  Bladder,  F.  vesiculosus. 

Fucus  Crispus,  lichen  Carrageen,  Chondrut, 


FUGA 


393 


FUNCTION 


Ch.  erispus,  Spharococ'cvs  erispus,  Ulta  crispa, 
Ohondrus  polymor'phus,  Irish  most,  Carrageen  or 
Corrigeen  most,  (F.)  Mousse  oTIrlande,  M.  perUe. 
This  Fncufl,  of  the  Natural  Family  Alga,  ia  found 
on  the  coasts  of  England,  Ireland,  Western  France, 
Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as  the  tropics. 
It  is  also  a  native  of  the  United  States.  In  Ire- 
land, it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an  article  of  diet 
As  met  with  in  America,  it  is  of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  and  resembles  plates  of  horn,  crisped  and 
translucent.  An  agreeable  jelly  is  obtained  from 
it  by  boiling  it  in  water  or  milk,  which  forms  a 
good  article  of  diet  in  consumptive  cases.  Its 
properties  are  indeed  exactly  like  those  of  the 
Iceland  Moss. 

Fucub  Helxinthocorton,  Corallina  Corsica- 
na  —  f.  Inflatus,  F.  vesiculosus  —  f.  Lichenoides, 
F.  amylaceus  —  f.  Saccharine,  Rhodomela  pal- 
mata. 

Fccufl  VBSICULO'srg,  F.  *inflartus,  HaVidrys 
vesiculosa f  Quercus  Mari'na,  Fucus,  Bladder  Fu- 
cus, Sea  Oak,  Sea  Wrack,  Yellow  Bladder  Wrack, 
(F.)  Varec  visiculeux,  Chine  marin.  It  has  been 
said  to  be  a  useful  assistant  to  sea-water,  in  the 
cure  of  disorders  of  the  glands.  When  the  wrack, 
in  fruit,  is  dried,  cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red-heat 
in  a  crucible  with  a  perforated  lid,  an<f  is  reduced 
to  powder,  it  forms  the  JE'thiops  vegetab'ilis — 
the  Pulvie  Querents  Mari'na  of  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia— which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge, 
in  bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous  swellings. 
Its  efficacy  depends  on  the  iodine  it  contains. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  £)ij,  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 
See  Soda. 

FUGA  DJ2M0NUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

FUGA'CIOUS,  Fugax,  from  fugere,  'to  fly.' 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  symptoms,  which 
appear  and  disappear  almost  immediately  after- 
wards ;  as  a  fugacious  redness, — a  fugacious  swel- 
ling, Tumor  fugax,  Ac. 

FUGAX,  Fugacious. 

FUGE,  from  fugo,  'I  expel,'  'an  expeller.'  A 
common  suffix.  Hence,  Febrifuge,  Vermifuge,  Ac. 

FU'GIXB,  Fugil'la.  This  term  has  several 
acceptations.  It  means,  1.  The  cerumen  of  the 
ear.  2.  The  nebulous  suspension  in,  or  deposi- 
tion from,  the  urine.  3.  An  abscess  near  the 
ear. — Ruland  and  Johnson.  4.  Abscess  in  general. 

FUGILLA,  Fugile. 

FULGUR,  Astrape. 

FULIG"INOUS,  Fuligino'sus,  Lignyo'des,  (F.) 
Fuligineux,  from  fuligo,  f  soot'  Having  the  co- 
lour of  soot.  An  epithet  given  to  certain  parts, 
as  the  lips,  teeth,  or  tongue,  when  they  assume  a 
brownish  colour,  or  rather,  are  covered  with  a 
coat  of  that  colour. 

FULI'GO,  Lignys,  Soot,  (F.)  Suit,  Ac  Wood- 
soot,  Fuligo  Ligni,  consists  of  volatile  alkaline 
salt,  empyrenmatio  oil,  fixed  alkali,  Ac.  A  tinc- 
ture, Tinctu'ra  Fulig'Hnis,  prepared  from  it,  has 
been  recommended  as  a  powerful  antispasmodic 
in  hysterical  cases.  (Fulig.  Iwn.  ^ij;  potass, 
subcarb.  Ibss ;  ammon.  muriat.%}  ;  aqua  fiuviat. 
Oiij.  Digest  for  three  days.)  This  tincture  bears 
the  name  Soot  drops  and  Fit  drops.  An  oint- 
ment of  soot  has  been  used  in  various  cutaneous 
diseases. 

Fnxioo  Alba  Philobophoruv,  Ammonia  mu- 
nas. 

FULIGO'KALI,  from  fuligo,  'soot,'  and  kali, 
'potassa.'  This  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 
aathrakokali ;  soot  being  used  in  the  place  of 
coal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases.  What 
might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of  fuligo- 
kali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Philadel- 
phia, «!&der  the  names  medical  lye,  soot  tea,  alka- 
Une  solution,  and  dyspeptic  lye. 

FULLERS1  EARTH,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 


FULMEN,  Astrape. 

FULMICOTON,  see  Collodion. 

FULNESS,  BepWtio,  Plen'itude,  Pletho'rm, 
Beple'tion.  The  state  of  being  filled.  Also,  a 
feeling  of  weight  or  distention  in  the  stomach  or 
other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fuma'ria  officinalis  sen  media, 
Fumus  terra,  Capnos,  Herba  melanekolif'uga, 
Fu'mitory,  Common  Fu'mitory,  Fumiter'ra,  So- 
la'men  Scabioso'rum,  (F.)  Fumeterre.  The  leaves 
are  extremely  succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  some- 
what saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried 
leaves  and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plank 
have  been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing 
the  skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuv  a'ria  Bulbo'sa,  F.  cava  sen  major,  Borck- 
hausen'ia  cava,  CapnoVdes  cava,  Arittolochi'a  fa- 
ba'eea  seu  cava  sen  vulga'ris  rotun'da,  Coryd'alim 
bulbo'sa  seu  cava  seu  tubero'sa,  Capnor'chis.  The 
root  of  this  plant  was  formerly  given  as  an  emmena- 
gogue  and  anthelmintic.  (F.)  Fumeterre  bulbeuse. 

Fumaria  Cava,  F.  bulbosa — f.  Major,  F.  bul- 
bosa — f.  Media,  Fumaria — f.  Officinalis,  Finnan  a, 

FUMETEBRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation  —  t  Antfloimic* 
Gaubii,  see  Disinfection  —  f.  Guytoniensis,  see 
Disinfection — f.  Smythiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FUMIGA'TION,  Fumiga'tw,  from  fumus, 
'smoke.'  SujfVtus,  Suffit"io,  Suffumina'tio,  Suf- 
fumig"\um,  Suffimen'txtm,  Apocapnis'mus,  Tkymi- 
a'ma,  Epithymia'ma,  Bypothymia'ma,  Hypotly- 
mia'sis,  Thymia'sis,  Oapnis'mos,  Hypocapnis'nm, 
Hypat'mus,  Hypatmis'mus,  Anathymia'sis.  An 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circum- 
scribed space  with  gas  or  vapour ;  with  the  in- 
tention either  of  purifying  the  air,  of  perfuming 
it,  or  of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for 
acting  upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human 
body.  Hence,  fumigations  have  been  distin- 
guished into  aqueous,  aromatic,  sulphureous,  mer- 
curial, disinfecting,  Guytonian,  Ac.  Benzoin  ge- 
nerally constitutes  the  chief  ingredient  in  the 
Fumigating  Pastilles,  to  which  any  variety  of 
odoriferous  substances  may  be  added.  The  fol- 
lowing is  one  formula : 

R.  Benzoin,  gj ;  cascarilla,  £ss ;  myrrh,  J)j ; 
ol.  myrist.,  ol.  caryopK  aa  gtt.  x  ,*  potassa  nitraU 
£ss ;  carbon,  lign.  £vj ;  mueil.  trag.  q.  s. 

Fumigation,  Chlorine,  see  Disinfection  —  f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection  —  f.  Oxymuriatie,  tee 
Disinfection. 

FUMFTERRA,  Fumaria. 

FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALBUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citrinua, 
Sulphur — f.  Terne,  Fumaria. 

FUNAMBULA'TIO,  from  funis,  'a  cord/  and 
ambulare,  '  to  walk.'  An  exercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUNCTION,  Func'tio,  Ac'tio,  (F.)  Fonction; 
from  fungor,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The  action  of 
an  organ  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act,  neces- 
sary for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon.  A 
function  is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  economy, 
which  has  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  appara- 
tus of  organs.  Thus,  respiration  is  a  function. 
Its  object  is  the  conversion  of  venons  into  arte- 
rial blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the  lungs.  The 
ancient  physiologists  divided  the  functions  into 
vital,  animal,  and  natural.  They  called  vital  func- 
tions those  which  are  essential  to  life,  as  innerva- 
tion, circulation,  respiration;  animal  function*, 
those  which  belong  to  the  encephalon ;  vis. :  the 
functions  of  the  intellect,  the  affections  of  the  mind, 
and  the  voluntary  motions;  and  natural  func- 
tions, Facilitates  seu  Actio' nes  natura'les,  those 
relating  to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and  exhalant 
vessels,  Ac.    Bichat  divided  the  functions  into 


FUNCTIONAL  DISEASES 


809 


FURIA  INPERNALIS 


thoM  which  relate  to  the  preservation  of  the  in- 
dividual, and  those  that  relate  to  the  preservation 
of  the  species.  The  former  he  subdivided  into 
animal  and  organic.  The  animal  function*  or 
function*  of  relation  are  those  of  the  intellect, 
sensation,  locomotion,  and  voice.  The  organic 
function*  include  digestion,  absorption,  respira- 
tion, circulation,  secretion,  nutrition,  and  calori- 
fication. The  function*,  whose  object  is  the  pre- 
servation of  the  species — the  organic,  nutritive,  or 
vegetative  function* — are  all  those  that  relate  to 
generation ;  —  such  as  conception,  gestation,  ae- 
oouohement,  Ac.  Each  of  these  admits  of  nu- 
merous subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of 
Physiology  ; — for  so  the  doctrine  of  the  functions 
is  called. 
FUNCTIONAL  DISEASES,  see  Organic  Dis- 


FUNDA,  Spken'donl,  (F.)  Fronde.  A  band- 
age, composed  of  a  fillet  or  long  compress,  cleft 
at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two  inches  of 
its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  nose  and 
chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture  of  the 
lower  jaw.  In  such  case  it  has,  also,  been  called 
Mentonniere,  because  placed  beneath  the  chin; 
from  (F.)  Mtnton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of  the, 
Proctocele. 

FUNDAMENTAL,  from  fundare,  'to  lie 
deeply.'  Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sa- 
crum O*  Fundamental,  because  it  seems  to  serve 
as  a  base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The  *phenoid 
bone  has  likewise  been  so  denominated,  from  its 
being  situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 

FUNDUS,  (F.)  Fond.  The  base  of  any  organ 
which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  has  an  external  aper- 
ture ;  as  the  Fundus  vesicie,  F.  uteri,  Ac.  Also, 
the  Vulva. 

Fundus  Vagina,  Laquear  vaginas. 

FUNES  CORDIS,  Columns)  carneae— f.  Semi- 
eiroulares,  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNGIFORM  PAPILLJB,  see  Papillae  of  the 
Tongue. 

FUN'GOID,  Fungdi'de*,  Myco'de;  Fungifor*- 
mi*,  Fun'giform,  (V.)FongoHde,  Fongiforme,  from 
fungus,  '  a  mushroom/  and  tieos,  *  resemblance/ 
That  which  has  the  shape  of,  or  grows  in  some 
measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the  fungoid  or  fun- 
giform papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Fungoid  Disease,  Eneephaloid. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungosfitas,  Caro  luxu'rian*, 
C.fungo'ea,  Ecsarco'ma,  Proud  Flesh,  Hypser*ar- 
eo'ma,  Hy peer  tar  cof*i*,  (F.)  Fongositi.  The  qua- 
lity of  that  which  is  fungous : — fungous  excres- 
cence, Excreacen'tia  fungo'sa.  The  fungosities 
which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers  are  easily  re- 
pressed by  gentle  compression,  dry  lint,  the  sul- 
phas oupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics.  At  times, 
the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and  sometimes 
excision  is  required. 

FUNGUS,  Myce*,  (F.)  Fongu*,  Champignon. 
The  mushroom  order  of  plants ;  cla**  Cryptoga- 
mia,  in  the  Linnssan  system.  In  Patholoay,  the 
word  is  commonly  used  synonymously  with  fun- 
gosity,  myco'si*.  M.  Breschet  has  proposed  to 
restrict  the  term  fungotity  to  vegetations  which 
arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  apply  the  term 
fungu*  to  the  tumours  which  form  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  textures,  without  any  external  ulce- 
ration. Fici  and  warts,  for  example,  would  be 
fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fungus  Albus  Saligneus,  Dsedalea  suaveo- 
lens — t  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa — f.  Bleeding,  Hee- 
matodes  fungus — f.  Canorosus  hsematodes,  H»- 
matodes  F. — f.  Canorosus  medullaris,  see  Enee- 
phaloid— f.  Cerebralis,  see  Eneephaloid — f.  Cere- 
bri, Encephaloeele — f.  Chirurgorum,  Lycoperdon 
— tCynosbati,  Bedeguar— £.  Hsematodes,  Hsema- 


todes fungus — f.  Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius— t 
Lands,  Boletus  lands — f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion 
coccineum — f.  Medullaris,  see  Eneephaloid — t 
Melanodes,  Melanosis — f.  Melitensis,  Cynomorion 
coccineum — f.  Petrous  marinus,  Umbilicus  mari- 
nas— f.  Queroinus,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Rosarum, 
Bedeguar — f.  Salicis,  Dsedalea  suaveolens  —  f. 
Sambucinus,  Pesiza  auricula. 

FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows' 
Sound,  funic. 

FUNICULI  GRAC'ILES,  Po*te'riot  Me'dian 
Column*  or  Faecic'uli  of  the  medulla  oblongata. 
Along  the  posterior  border  of  each  corpus  resti- 
forme,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  groove,  is  a 
narrow  white  cord,  separated  from  its  fellow  by 
the  fissura  longitudinalis  posterior.  The  pair  of 
cords  are  the  funiculi  gracile*.  Each  funiculus 
forms  an  enlargement— procewu*  clavatu* — at  its 
upper  end,  and  is  then  lost  in  the  corpus  refti- 
forme. 

Funic'uli  Sn/iQUjE.  Longitudinal  fibres  seen 
in  the  groove  whioh  separates  the  corpus  olivare 
from  the  corpus  pyramidal e  and  corpus  resttforme. 
They  enclose  the  base  of  the  corpus  olivare, — those 
which  lie  on  its  inner  side  forming  the  funic*  ulu* 
inter'nu*;  and  those  on  its  outer  side  the/nnten- 
lu*  externu*. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Extermis,  see  Funiculi 
siliquss — f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliquie  —  f. 
Spermatiou8,  Spermatic  cord — f.  "ly  mpani,  Chorda 
tympant 

Fusic'ulus  Umbilicalib,  Funi*  umbilica'li*, 
Intestin'ulum,  Vin'culum  umbilica'li,  Umbilical 
cord,  Navel  string,  diminutive  of  Funi*,  '  a  cord/ 
(F.)  Cordon  ombilicale.  A  cord-like  substance, 
which  extends  from  the  placenta  to  the  umbilicus 
of  the  foetus.  It  is  composed  of  the  chorion,  am- 
nion, an  albuminous  secretion  called  the  Jelly  of 
the  Cord,  cellular  substance,  an  umbilical  vein, 
and  two  umbilical  arteries.  The  former  conveys 
the  blood  from  the  placenta  to  the  foetus  —  the 
latter  return  it.  All  these  parts  are  surrounded 
by  a  sheath  —  Investitu'ra  seu  Vagi' na  funic'uli 
umbilica'li*.  Its  usual  length  is  from  16  to  22 
inches. 

Funiculus  Vabicosus,  Cirsocele. 

FUNIS,  Cord,  Laqueus— f.  Ar  gen  tens,  Medulla 
spinalis — &»Hippocratis,  Achillis  tendo — f.  Umbi- 
licalis,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

FUNNEL,  see  Infundibulum. 

FUR,  Enduit. 

FURCELLA,  Fur'cula;  diminutive  of furca, 
'a  fork/  The  upper  part  of  the  sternum,  the 
clavicle.    The  Fourchette. 

Furcella  Inferior,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Those  Bavarian  springs  contain  carbonio  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
soda ;  chlorides  of  lime  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  iron  and  magnesium,  Ac. 

FURCILLA,  Fourchette. 

FURCULA,  Furcella,  Claviole,  Fourchette. 

FUREUR  UTJ&RINE,  Nymphomania. 

FURFUR,  Bran,  Pit'yron,  Ach'yron,  Apobra*'- 
ma,  Lemma,  Cantabru'no,  fF.)  Son.  The  decoc- 
tion is  sometimes  employed  as  an  emollient. 

FURFURA,  Scarf. 

FURFURA'CEOUS,  from  furfur,  'bran/ 
Scurfy?  Canioa'ceoue,  Pithy ri'nu*,  Pityrdides,  Pi. 
tyro'de*.  Resembling  bran.  A  name  given  to 
eruptions,  in  which  the  epidermis  is  detached  in 
small  scales  resembling  bran.  Also,  a  bran-like 
sediment  observed  at  times  in  the  urine; — Urina 
furfura'cea,  Sedimen'tum  Uri'na  pityroide*. 

FURFURATIO,  Porrigo,  Pityriasis. 

FURFURISCA,  Pityriasis. 

FU'RIA  INFERNA'LIS.  A  kind  of  vermi- 
form insect,  scarcely  two  lines  long,  common  la 


FURIBUNDUS 


394 


-     GALACTOPHAGOUS 


Sweden,  which  flies  about  and  stings  both  man 
and  animals,  exciting  the  most  excruciating 
torture. 

FURIBUNDUS,  Maniodea. 

FURIOSUS,  Maniodea. 

FURIOUS,  Maniodea. 

FURMENTY,  Fruraent 

FURNAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St  Michael's,  Azores, 
which  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of 
iron. 

FURONCLE,  Funiculus. 

FURONCLE  QU&PIER.  A  malignant  boil, 
Wasp's  nest  boil,  which  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck,  and  rarely  others 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
People'*  boiL 

FUROR,  Mania— f.  Breris,  Rage— f.  Mania, 
Mania — f.  Uterinus,  Nymphomania. 

FURROW,  MENTO-LABIAL,  see  Mento- 
labial  furrow. 

FURUNCULI  ATONICI,  Ecthyma— t  Ven- 
trioulus,  see  Furunculus. 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  furiare,  'to  make  mad.' 
Oki'adus,  Chi'oli,  Doth'ien,  Dothion,  Furun' cuius 
suppurate' ri  us,  F.  Verus,  F.  benig'nus,  Phyma  fu- 
run'cuius,  Absces'sus  nuclea'tus,  a  furuncle,  a 
boil,  a  bile*  (F.)  FuroncU,  Froncle,  Clou.  A  small 
phlegmon,  which  appears  nnder  the  form  of  a 
aonieal,  hard,  circumscribed  tumour,  having  its 
•eat  in  the  dermoid  texture.  At  the  end  of  an 
uncertain  period,  it  becomes  pointed,  white  or 


yellow,  and  gives  exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood. 
When  it  breaks,  a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  mass 
sometimes  appears,  which  consists  of  dead  areo- 
lar tissue.  This  is  called  the  Core,  Setfast,  Feaw 
tric'ulus  sen  Nucleus  Funm'culi,  (F.)  BourbilUu* 
The  abscess  does  not  heal  until  after  its  separa- 
tion. The  indications  of  treatment  are, — to  dis- 
cuss by  the  application  of  leeches  and  warm 
fomentations  j— or,  if  this  cannot  be  done,  to  en- 
courage suppuration  by  warm,  emollient  cata- 
plasms. When  suppuration  is  entirely  established, 
the  part  may  be  opened  or  suffered  to  break,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances. 

Furuncdlus  Gaxg&shosus,  Anthrax — t  Ma- 
lign us,  Anthrax. 

FUS&E  PURULENTE,  (F.)  The  long  and 
sinuous  route  which  pua  takes,  in  certain  cases, 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.  These  Fus4ee 
almost  always  form  beneath  the  skin  between  the 
muscles;  or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,  tendons, 
Ac 

FUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fuseL 

FUSIBLE,  see  Fusion. 

FUSIBILITY,  see  Fusion. 

FUSION,  Fu'sio,  Melting,  Liquefaction;  from 
fundere,  fusum,  *  to  melt.'  In  chymistry,  the 
transition  of  a  solid  body  into  a  liquid  by  the  mid 
of  heat.  Substances  capable  of  such  transition 
are  said  to  be  fusible;  or  to  bo  possessed  of/aei- 
bility. 

FUSTIC  TREE,  Cladastris  tinotoria. 

FUTUTOR,  Tribade, 


G. 


Tea  Greek  G,  r,  with  the  anoient  Greek  phy- 
sicians, signified  an  ounce. — RhocLadScribonium. 

GABALLA,  Cabal. 

GABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GABIR'EA,  yaptpta.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

GJBOPHAGIA,  Geophagism. 

GjEOPH'AGUS,  from  yaia,  'earth/  and  +*yu, 
'  I  eat.'     One  who  eats  earth. 

GAGEL,  Myrica  gale. 

QAQUE  SANG,  Caque-sang. 

GAHET,  Cagot. 

GAlAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAILLET  ACCROCHANT,  Galium  aparine 
— g.  Crochant,  Galium  aparine — g.  Jaune,  Galium 
verum — g.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

OAtNE,  Vagina  or  sheath — g.  de  VApophyee 
ttylolde,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone — 
g.  de  la  veiue  porte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the  vena 
porta. 

GALA,  ya\a,  genitive  yaXarns,  milk ;  hence : 

GALACTACRA'SIA,  from  yaXa,  'milk/  and 
ocpano,  '  imperfect  mixture.'  A  morbid  mixture 
or  constitution  of  the  milk. 

GALACTAC1UTIA,  Galactia. 

GALACTJB'MIA,  from  ya\a,  yaXaxroi,  <milk/ 
and  'atfia,  '  blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
whioh  it  contains  milk. 

GALACTAGOGA,  Galactopoietica- 

GALACTAPOSTEMA,  Maatodynia  apostema- 


GALACTIA,  Galactirrhoi'a,  Galactorrh&'a, 
from  ya\a,  '  milk.'  Lacus  redundan'tia,  Polyga- 
lactia, Galactoze'mia,  A  redundant  flow  of  milk, 
either  in  a  female  who  is  suckling,  or  in  one  who 
If  Bvb  It  may  occur  without  being  provoked  by 
tackling.  When  to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes 
I  wasting;  Tabes  lae'tea,  T.  nutri'cum.    Dr. 


1  Good  uses  Galac'tia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  '  morbid 
flow  or  deficiency  of  milk/  Qalactacratfa. 

GALACTICUS,  Lactic 

GALACTIFER,  Galactophorous. 

GALACTINE,  Casein. 

GALACTINUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIRRHCEA,  Galactia. 

GALACTIS,  Galaxias. 

GALACTIS'CHESIS,  Galactose  ehesie,  Lactis 
reten'tio,  from  ya\a,  'milk,'  and  <*££<»,  'to  re- 
strain.'    Retention  or  suppression  of  milk. 

GALACTITES,  Galaxias. 

GALACTOCATARACTA,  Cataract,  milky. 

GALACTOSES,  from  ya\a,  'milk/  and  *J«, 
'  resemblance.'  In  Hippocrates,  the  term  signifies 
milk  warm,  and  likewise  a  milky  colour,  as  of  the 
urine — uri'na  galacto'des. 

GALACTODLE'TA,  Dies'ta  lae'tea,  from  yeXm, 
'milk/  and  iiatra,  'diet'     A  milk  diet. 

GALACTODIARRH<EA,  Cceliac  Flux. 

GALACTOGANGLION,  Milk  knot. 

GALACTOSEMIA,  Galactha'mia,trom  yoX*, 
'milk/  and  'aipa,  'blood:'  Lactis  eanguinolen'ti 
Excre'tio.  The  secretion  of  bloody  or  bloodlike 
milk. 

GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Maatody- 
nia apostematosa. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactometer,  from  yaU, 
'milk/  and  uerpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument 
for  appreciating  the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk. 
It  is  a  kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  (prouvrtt* 
— the  degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the  thick- 
ness of  the  layer  of  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk. 

GALACTON'CUS,  Tumor  lac' U  us,  from  yaXe* 
'milk/  and  oyxos,  'a  swelling.'    A  milk  tumour. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactopk'agus,  Lac- 
tiv'orus,  sometimes   used   substantively;    from 


GALACTOPHORA 


896 


GALEOPSIS 


yaka,  'milk/  and  fayw,  'I  eat'  That  which 
feeds  on  milk.  A  name  given  to  certain  people, 
with  whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the  chief 
nourishment 

GALACTOPHORA,  Galactopoietica. 

GALACTOPH'OROUS,  Galac'H/er,  Lactt\fer, 
Lactiferous,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and  ftp*,  'I 
carry/    That  which  carries  milk. 

Galactoph'orous  or  Lactif'erous  Ducts, 
are  those  which  convey  the  milk,  secreted  by  the 
mammary  gland,  towards  the  nipple,  where  their 
external  orifices  are  situate.  The  Lacteal*  have 
also  been  so  called. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs  have 
given  this  name  to  an  instrument  intended  to  fa- 
cilitate sucking,  when  the  faulty  conformation  of 
the  nipple  prevents  the  child  from  laying  hold 
of  it 

GALACTOPH'YGUS,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and 
ettvyuv, '  to  shun.'  That  which  arrests  or  disperses 
the  secretion  of  milk.  Hence  Galactoph'yga  Me- 
dicament ta. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  Meta*'ta*i*  seu  Aberra'- 
tio  seu  Via  extrabrdina' ria  lacti*,  Galactorrhea1  a 
erro'nea,  from  yaka,  '  milk/  and  vkavtt,  *  wander- 
ing.' Extravasation  of  milk  into  the  areolar 
membrane.  Secretion  of  milk  elsewhere  than 
from  the  breasts. 

GALACTOPLERO'SIS,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and 
vh/pvets,  '  repletion/    Redundance  of  milk. 

GALACTOPOEA,  Galactopoietica. 

GALACTOPOESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOIET'ICA,  Galactoph'ora,  Galac- 
tago'ga,  Galactopoe' a,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and  roue*, 
'  1  make/  Substances,  to  whioh  has  been  attri- 
buted the  property  of  favouring  the  secretion  of 
milk  and  augmenting  its  quantity. 

GALACTOPO'SIA,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and 
roe??,  'drink/  The  drinking  of  milk*  Treat- 
ment of  a  disease  by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOP'OTES,  Galactop'otue,  Lacti'potor. 
Same  etymon.  A  drinker  of  milk.  One  sub- 
jected to  a  milk  diet 

GALACTOPYRA,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTOPYRETUS,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTORRHEA,  Galactia  — g.  Erronea, 
Gaiactoplania — g.  Saecharata,  Sacoharorrhcea 
lactea. 

GALACTOSACCHARUM,  Saccharum  lactis. 

GALACTOSCHESIS,  Galactischesis. 

GALACTO'SIS,  Galactopoie'ei*,  Galactopoe'- 
tie,  Secre'tio  lactie,  from  yakarropat,  'I  am 
changed  into  milk.'  The  secretion  or  formation 
of  milk. 

GALACTOT'ROPHE,  Galactotroph'ia,  from 
yaka,  'milk/  and  770^17,  'nourishment'  Nou 
rishment  by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOZE'MIA,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and 
frpia,  'loss/    Loss  of  milk.    Also,  Galactia. 

GALACTU'CHOS,  from  yaka,  'milk/  and 
*XU*>  ' to  have/    Suckling.     Giving  milk. 

GALACTURIA,  Chyluria. 

GALANGA,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALANGAL,  Maranta  galanga. 

GAL  AN  GALE,  Cyperus  longus. 

GALARHCEUS  LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  la- 
thyris — g.  Palustris,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

GALARIPS,  Allamanda. 

GALAXIA,  Thoracic  duet 

GALAX'IAS,  Galacti'tee,  Galac'ti*.  A  milk 
stone.  A  stone  supposed  to  be  capable  of  pro- 
moting the  secretion  of  milk. 

GALBANUM,  see  Bubon  galbanum — g.  Long- 
leaved,  Bubon  galbanum. 

GAL'BULUS,  from  galbw,  'yeUow/    A  kind 
0 


of  congenital  jaundice,  in  which  the  yellow  colour 
continues  through  life.  It  is  rather  a  defect  in 
colour  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE,  Myrica  gale — g.  Odorant,  Myrica  gale 
— g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

GALE,  Psora — g.  Canine,  Psoriasis — g.  JBJjpi- 
dSmique,  Ecxema  — g.  Miliaire,  Psoriasis — g. 
Slche,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  yakn,  'a  cat/  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerly  made.  A  name 
given  to  the  amnio*,  and,  also,  to  the  bandage  of 
Galen.  In  Pathology,  it  indicates  a  headaeh 
affecting  the  whole  head.     See,  also,  Caul. 

Galea  Aponeurot'ica  Cap'itis,  Ga'lea  ten- 
din'ea  Santori'ni,  Ga'lea  cap'itie,  Membra' na 
epicra'nia.  The  tendinous  expansion  whioh 
unites  the  frontal  and  occipital  portions  of  the 
oocipito-frontalis  muscle. 

GALE  AMAUROSIS,  Amaurotic  cat's  eye. 

GALEAN'CON,  Galian'con,  from  yakia,  'a 
cat/  '  a  weasel/  and  ayxtav,  '  an  elbow/  Mu*U- 
la'neus.    One  who  has  two  short  arms. 

GALEAN'THROPY,  Galeanthro'pia, from 
yakn,  '  a  cat/  and  avSpuvos,  '  a  man/  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  whicn  the  patient  believes  him- 
self changed  into  a  cat  An  affection  similar  to 
lycanthropy  and  cynanthropy. 

GALE'GA,  G.  officina'li*  seu  vulga'rn  seu  Pir*- 
•tea,  Ruta  capra'ria,  Goaf*  Rue,  (F.)  Rue  de 
ckevre,  Faux  Indigo.  It  is  slightly  aromatic, 
and  was  once  used  as  a  sudorific  and  alexiterial 
in  malignant  fevers,  Ac. 

Galeoa  Persica,  Galega. 

Galeoa  Virginia'na,  Tephro'na  Virginia'na, 
Turkey  Pea,  Hoary  Pea,  Devil' *  *hoe*tringa,  Vir- 
ginia Goaf*  rue  or  cat-gut,  is  used  in  some  parts 
of  the  United  States  as  an  anthelmintic  Tha 
decoction  of  the  root  is  given. 

Galeoa  Vulgaris,  Galega. 

GALENE,  Graphites. 

GALENEA,  Graphites. 

GALEN'IC,  Galen'ical,  Galen'iett;  GaWniu*, 
from  Galenu*.  That  which  relates  to  the  dootrina 
of  Galen  or  to  Galenism.  Used,  substantively,  foi 
drugs  that  are  not  chymical. 

Galenic  Medicine,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galen' io  med'ieine.  The  doe* 
trine  of  Galen. 

GA'LENIST,  GaUnie'ta,  Galenie'tt*.  A  fol- 
lower of  the  doctrine  of  Galen. 

GALENIUS,  Galenic. 

GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPSIS,  Lamium  album. 

Galeop'sis,  Galiop'si;  Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'. 
doion,  La'mium  rubrum,  Urti'ca  iner*  magna  fos- 
tidi*'*ima,  Stachy*  fat'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  morU  de*  boi*.  This  plant  was  formerly 
reckoned  a  vulnerary  and  anodyne. 

Galeopsis  Angustifolia,  G.  grandiflora — g. 
Dubia,  G.  grandiflora. 

Gale  Op' sis  Grandiflo'ra,  G.  Ochroleufca  sea 
la'danum  seu  angueti/o'lia  sen  du'bia  seu  pro*' 
tra'ta  seu  villo'ta,  Tetrahit  longiflo' rum,  <?. 
8eg"etum,  Herba  Sideri'tidi*.  This  plant  is  re- 
garded in  Germany  as  a  bitter  resolvent  It  is 
the  basis,  also,  of  a  celebrated  nostrum,  the  Blan- 
kenheimer  Tea,  called,  likewise,  Lieber**  pectoral 
and  phthisical  herb*  (Liebersche  Brnst 
oderAuszehrungs-Krauter,)  which  has 
enjoyed  great  repute  in  pectoral  complaints. 
The  tops  of  the  plant  are  given  in  decoction, 
(Jj,  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour.)    This  quantity  to  bo  taken  in  a  day. 

Galeopsis  Ladanum,  G.  grandiflora — g.Ochro. 
leuoa,  G.  grandiflora— g.  Prostrata,  G.  grandiflora 
— g.  Segetum,  G.  grandiflora. 


GALKROPIA 


3M 


GANGLTFORM 


Galeop'sis  Veesic'olob,  is  possessed  of  the 
same  virtues. 

Galkopsis  Villosa,  G.  grandiflora. 

GALEROPIA,  Oxyopia. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  which 
galls  were  an  ingredient ;  the  Oalia  pura.  There 
was,  also,  a  Qjtlia  aromat'ica,  moscha'ta  vel  mus- 
ca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  several 
perfumes,  such  as  musk. 

GALIANCON,  Galeancon. 

GALIOPSIS,  Galeopsis. 

GALIP.EA  FEBRIFUGA,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GA'LIUM,  Gal' Hum,  (from  ya\a,  'milk/  be- 
cause Borne  species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 

Galium  Album,  G.  Mollugo. 

Ga'lium  Apari'hI,  0.  in/est'um  seu  aparinoV- 
des  seu  brachycarp'on  seu  scaberirimum,  Valan'tia 
apari'ni,  Apari'ni  his'pida,  Aparini,  Lappa, 
Philanthro'pus,  Ampelocar' pus,  Omphalocar'pus, 
Ixus,  Asphari'ni,  Asper'ula,  Goose-grass,  Clea- 
ver*»  bees,  Cleaver*,  Goose-share,  Hayriff.  Fa- 
mily, Rubiaccre.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogy- 
nia.  (F.)  Gaillet  accrochant,  G.  erochant,  Grat- 
teron.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  given  as 
an  aperient  diuretic  in  incipient  dropsies ;  also, 
in  eancer. 

Galium  Aparahoides,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Asprellum,  Bough  bed-straw,  Bough 
ladies'  bed-straw:  indigenous;  has  the  diuretic 
properties  of  most  of  its  genus. 

Galium  Brachycarpok,  G.  aparine — g.  Cau- 
easicum,  G.  verum. 

Galium  Ciros'zans,  Wild  Liquorice,  Master 
of  the  Woods.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  August.  It  is  demulcent  and 
diuretic,  and  is  a  popular  domestic  remedy. 

Galium  Infests,  G.  aparine — g.  Luteum,  G. 
verum. 

Galium  Mollu'go,  Galium  album  Ben  Tyro- 
len'si,  Greater  ladies'  bed-straw,  Alys'sum  Plin'ii, 
(F.)  Caillelait  blane.  The  herb  and  flowers  have 
been  used,  medicinally,  in  epilepsy. 

Galium  Odoratum,  Asperula  odorata — g.  Sca- 
berrimum,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Tixcto'rum,  an  American  species, 
closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

Galium  Tyrolense,  G.  mollugo — g.  Tubercu- 
latum, g.  Verum. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Ga'lium,  G.  lu'teum  seu  Cau~ 
ea'sieum  seu  tuberculatum,  Ladies'  bed-straw, 
Cheese -rennet,  Bed-straw,  Cleave  wort,  Goose- 
grass,  Savoy  an,  Clabber-grass,  Milksweet,  Poor 
Robin,  Gravel-grass,  (F.)  Gaillet  jaune,  G.  vrai, 
Vrai  Caillelait.  The  tops  were  used  in  the  cure 
of  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and  flowers  possess  the 
property  of  curdling  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  see  Eczema  impetiginodes, 
Quercus  infectoria,  and  Vitrum — g.  of  the  earth, 
Prenanthes — g.  Nut,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g. 
of  the  Ox,  see  Bile— g.  Sickness,  Fever,  Walche- 
ren — g.  Turkey,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL-BLADDER,  Vesie'ula  fellie,  OhoVe- 
eyst,  Cholecys'tis,  Follic'ulus  fellis,  Cystis  f el' lea, 
Vesi'ea  fellea,  Vesie'ula  bilis.  Vesi'ea  bilia'ria, 
Follic'ulus  fel'Uui,  Cystis  choUd'ochus,  (F.)  Vt- 
sieule  dufiel  ou  Visicule  biliaire,  Biservoir  de  la 
bile.  A  membranous,  pyriform  reservoir,  lodged 
In  a  superficial  depression  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by  the 
hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the  bile 
secreted  by  the  liver,  when  the  stomach  is  empty, 
which  becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter,  and  thick. 
It  receives  an  artery,  called  the  cystic.  Its  veins 
empty  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves  come  from 
the  hepat-io  plexus,  and  its  lymphatic  vessels  join 
those  of  the  liver. 


GALL  A,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Maxima 
Orbiculata,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL^E  QUERCtf  S,  see  Quercus  infectoria— 
g.  Tinctorise,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Turcica?, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLATURA,  Molecule. 

GALLI  GALLINACEI  CAPUT,  Gallinaginia 
caput 

GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT,  Galli  gallina'cei 
Caput,  Caput  gallina' ceum,  Verumonta ' num, 
Crista  urethra' lis,  Crite  urithrale,  —  (Ch.,)  from 
Gallinago,  'a  woodcock/  An  oblong,  rounded 
projection,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  in 
the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra,  at  the  sides 
of  which  the  ejaculatory  ducts  open. 

GAL'LIPOT.  Perhaps  from  gala,  '  finery.'  (?) 
A  pot  painted  and  glased  or  merely  glazed,  and 
commonly  used  to  hold  medicines. 

GALLITRICHUM,  Salvia  sclarea. 

GALLIUM,  Galium. 

GALLSTONES,  Calculi,  biliary. 

GALLUS,  Eunuch. 

GALREDA,  Gelatin. 

GALVANISATION,  Galvanisation. 

GAL'VANISM,  Galvanis'mus,  Electric"  Horn 
anima'lis,  E.  Galvan'ica  vel  metal' lica,  Irrita- 
men'tum  metal  to' rum  vel  metal' licum,  Vol'taism, 
Volta'ic  or  Chemical  or  Contact  Electricity.  A 
series  of  phenomena,  consisting  in  sensible  move- 
ments, exeouted  by  animal  parte,  which  are  en- 
dowed with  irritability,  when  placed  in  connex- 
ion with  two  metallic  plates  of  different  nature, 
between  which  a  communication  is  established 
by  direct  contact  or  by  means  of  a  metallic  wire. 
Galvanism  has  been  employed  medicinally  in  the 
same  cases  as  electricity,  and  especially  in  neu- 
ralgic affections.  It  is  often  applied  in  the  form 
of  plates, — "  Mans/orcTs  plates."  In  asthma,  for 
example,  a  small  blister,  the  sice  of  a  dollar,  may 
be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course  of  the 
phrenic  and  pneumogaetric  nerves,  and  another 
on  the  side,  in  the  region  of  the  diaphragm.  One 
metal  is  placed  mediately  or  immediately  over  the 
vesicated  surface  on  the  neck,  and  another  over 
that  in  the  side.  They  are  then  connected  by 
means  of  a  wire.  The  new  nervous  impression, 
in  this  way  induced,  is  often  signally  beneficial. 

GALVANIZATION,  Galvanisa'tio,  (F.)  Gal- 
vanisation.    The  act  of  affecting  with  galvanism. 

GALVANOPUNCTURE,  Electropuncture. 

GAMBA,  Patella. 

GAMBARUS,  Crab. 

GAMBIER,  see  Nauclea  gambir. 

GAMBOGIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMMARUS,  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  T;  which 
were  used  for  cauterizing  hernias. 

GAMMAUT.  The  Italians,  according  to  Scul- 
tetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of  crooked  bis- 
touri,  used  for  opening  abscesses. 

GAMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

GAMPHE,  Gena. 

GAMPHELE,  Gena,  Maxillary  Bone. 

GANGAME,  Epiploon. 

GANGAMUM,  Epiploon. 

GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami 
nervorum  op ti coram — g.  Formative,  see  Ganglion 

—  g.  Hemispherical,  Hemispheres  of  the  brain 

—  g.  of  Increase,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Nervorum, 
Ganglions,  nervous,  see  Ganglion — g.  Sensory, 
see  Sensory  ganglia. 

GANGLIAR,  Ganglionic. 

GANG'LIFORM,  Gang'lio/orm,  Ganglifor'mi*. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion.  A  name  gene- 
rally given  to  a  knot-like  enlargement,  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve. 


GANGLIOLUM 


W7 


GANGRENE 


GANGLIOLUM,  Diminutive  of  ganglion.  A 
■mall  ganglion. 

GANG'LION,  Gang'lium,  'a  knot'  A  name 
given  to  organs  differing  considerably  from  each 
other  in  size,  colour,  texture,  functions,  Ac 
They  are  divided  into  glandiform,  lymphatic, 
and  nervous.  1.  Glandiform  ganglions,  called 
alto  adenoid,  vascular,  and  sanguineous  gang- 
lions, blind,  aporic,  and  vascular  glands,  glandu- 
lm  spuria,  Ac,  are  organs  of  whose  functions  we 
are,  in  general,  ignorant;  and  which  have  the 
appearance  of  glands.  They  are  formed  of  ag- 
glomerated globules,  pervaded  by  blood-vessel, 
surrounded  by  areolar  membrane,  and  contain  a 
milky  or  yellowish  fluid.  To  this  class  belong  the 
spleen,  thymus,  thyroid,  and  supra-renal  glands. 
2.  Lymphai'ic  ganglions.  See  Conglobate.  3.  Ner- 
vous ganglions,  Ganglia  sen  Nodi  seu  Nod'uli 
Nervorum,  Ganglio'nes,  Tumo'res  seu  Plexus 
gangliqform'es,  Plexus  gland  if  or1  mes,  Tubcr'cula 
nowofsa  Nervo'rum,  Diverticula  spirituum  ani- 
ma'lium,  Ganglia  of  increase,  Form'ative  gang'lia. 
Enlargements  or  knots  in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 
They  belong,  in  general,  to  the  system  of  toe 
great  sympathetic.  One  exists  on  the  posterior 
root  of  every  spinal  nerve,  and  on  one  cerebral, — 
the  6th.  Bichat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small 
brains,  or  centres  of  nervous  action,  independent 
of  the  encephalon,  and  intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.  Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral  and  spinal  nerves,  they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  nervous  centres  to  the 
parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from  them 
are  distributed.  Ganglia  are  chiefly  composed  of 
vesicular  neurine;  and  appear  to  be  concerned 
in  the  formation  and  dispensation  of  nerve  power. 

Ganglion.  Same  etymon.  Emphy'ma  encys'- 
tis  aanglion.  A  globular,  hard,  indolent  tumour, 
without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin;  of  a 
size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to  that  of  an  egg, 
and  always  situate  in  the  course  of  a  tendon. 
The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid,  albuminous 
fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater  or  less  thick- 
ness. The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose;  but  in  the 
majority  of  oases  it  communicates,  by  a  narrow 
footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  tendon,  or  even 
with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a  neighbouring  arti- 
culation. The  causes  are  generally  unknown. 
The  treatment  consists  in  compression,  percussion, 
the  use  of  discutients,  extirpation,  or  incision. 

Ganglion  Abdominals,  G.  semilunar— g.  Ade- 
noid, G.  glandiform  —  g.  of  Anderson,  Petrous 
ganglion  — g.  Annular,  see  Ciliary  ligament— g, 
of  Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion  —  g.  Auricular,  Oti- 
eum  G. — g.  Asygous,  see  Trisplanohnio  nerve— 
g.  Cardiac,  Cardiao  ganglion — g.  Carotio  or  Ca- 
rotid, see  Carotid  or  Carotio  nerve  —  g.  Caver- 
nous, see  Carotid  or  Carotio  nerve— g.  Cerebelli, 
Corpus  dentatnm— g.  Cerebral,  anterior,  Corpora 
striata — g.  Cerebri  Anterius,  Corpora  striata  — 
g.  Ciribral  infSrieur,  grand,  Thalami  nervorum 
opticornm— g.  Cerebral,  posterior,  Thalami  ner- 
vorum opticorum— g.  du  Gervelet,  Corpus  denta- 
tnm— g.  Ciliare,  Corpus  dentatnm  —  g.  Ciliary, 
tyhthalmio  ganglion  —  g.  Corpuscles,  see  Neu- 
rine. 

Ganglion  of  Ehrenritter,  Ganglion  nervi 
glosso-pharynge'i  supe'rius,  G.  jugula'ri  supe'rius, 
O.  Skrenritteri  seu  MulUri.  A  reddish-gray  mass 
on  the  glossopharyngeal  nerve  in  the  foramen 
laeerum,  above  the  ganglion  of  Anderson. 

Ganglion  of  Gasssr,  Gan'glium  seu  Gan'- 
glion  Gasseri,  Moles  gangliform'is,  Intumeseen'- 
tia  gangliform'is  sen  semilunaris,  Ta'nxa  nervo'- 
sa  JaaUsri.  A  semicircular  knot  on  the  6th  pair 
of  nerves,  before  its  division  into  three  branches. 

Ganglion,  Glandiform:,  see  Ganglion  —  g. 
Globules,  see  Neurine— Lunar,  see  Trisplanchnio 


nerve — g.  Jugular*  snperius,  G.  of  Ehrenritter— p. 
Laiteux,  Milk-knot — g.  of  Laumonier,  see  Carotid 
or  Carotio  nerve — g.  Lenticular,  G.  ophthalmic — 
g.  Lymphatic,  Conglobate  gland  —  g.  Maxilla- 
tympanique,  Oticum  G.  —  g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine G.  —  g.  Mullen,  G.  of  Ehrenritter  —  g. 
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion  —  g. 
Nervi  glosso-pharyngei  superins,  G.  of  Ehrenrit- 
ter— g.  Ophthalmic,  see  Ophthalmic  ganglion  — 
g.  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — g.  Orbitar,  G. 
ophthalmic — g.  Oticum,  Oticum  G. — g.  Petrosal, 
see  Petrous  ganglion. 

Ganglion  of  the  Pneumogas'trio.  A  gan- 
glionic structure  in  the  pneumogastrio  as  it  pastes 
through  the  foramen  laeerum  posterius. 

Ganglion  of  Risks.  A  nervous  ganglion  upon 
the  anterior  communicating  artery  of  the  brain, 
and  to  be  found  at  the  point  of  junction  of  the 
right  and  left  trunks  of  the  sympathetic 

Ganglion,  Sanguineous,  G.  glandiform  —  g. 
Sensory,  see  Sensory  ganglia  —  g.  Solare,  G. 
semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Sphenopalatine  gan- 
glion— g.  Splanehnicum,  G.  semilunare — g.  Su- 
perieur  du  cerveau  (grand,)  Corpora  striata  —  g. 
of  the  Superior  Laryngeal  Branch,  see  Pneumo- 
gastrio nerves — g.  Surrinai,  G.  semilunare — g. 
Thyroid,  see  Trisplanohnio  nerve  —  g.  Transver- 
sum,  G.  semilunare— g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform 
—  g.  Vertebral,  see  Trisplanohnio  nerve — g.  de 
Vieussens,  Coeliao  plexus. 

GANGLIONART,  Ganglionic 

GANGLIONES  GANGLIOFORMES,  Gan- 
glions, nervous. 

GANGLIONIC,  Ganglion*  icus,  Gan'glionaty, 
Gan'gliar.  Relating  to  ganglia.  Nerves  are  so 
called  in  the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met 
with ;  as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic  or  trisplanohnio,  the  posterior 
roots  of  the  spinal  nerves,  Ac  Ganglionics,  ac- 
cording to  Br.  Pereira,  are  agents,  which  affect 
the  ganglionic  or  great  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves,(?) — as  stimulants  and  sedatives. 

Ganglionic  Nerve,  Trisplanchnio  nerve— g. 
Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnio  nerve. 

GANGLIONITIS,  Ganglii'tis,  from  yayyUov, 
'a  ganglion/  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nervous  ganglion.  Sometimes 
used  for  inflammation  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

Ganglionitis  Pebiphsrica  et  Medullaris, 
Cholera. 

GANGLIUM,  Ganglion— g.  Gasseri,  Ganglion 
of  Gasser. 

GANGR^'NA  ALOPECIA,  Alopecia-*.  Ca- 
ries, Caries — g.  Nosocomiorum,  Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  Oris,  Cancer  aquations — g.  Ossis,  Spina  ven- 
toga — g.  Ossium,  Caries— g.  Pottii,  see  Gangrene, 
and  Gangrene  of  old  people  —  g.  Pulmonum, 
Neoropneumonia — g.  Senilis,  Gangrene  of  old 
people — g.  Sphacelus,  Sphacelus — g.  Tonsilla- 
rum,  Cynanche  maligna — g.  Ustilaginea,  Ergo- 
tism— g.  Vaginae,  Colpocace. 

GANGR^NESCENTIA,  Gangrsenosis. 

GANGRJENICUS,  Gangrenous. 

GANGRJSNODES,  Gangrenous. 

GANGRiENOPS'IS,  Cancer  aquations;  also, 
gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  Blepha- 
ri'tis  gangrano'sa. — Siebenhaar. 

GANGIUENO'SIS,  -Gangransscen'tia,  from 
yayytawa,  'gangrene/  The  state  of  being  gan- 
grenous or  of  becoming  gangrenous. 

GANGRENOSUM,  Gangrenous. 

GANGRENE,  Gangra'na,  Cancre,na,ffot  mor- 
tification, (P.)  Gangrene,  G,  Chaude,  Aspkuxie  dee 
parties.  Privation  of  life  or  partial  death  of  an 
organ.  Authors  have  generally  distinguished 
mortification  into  two  stages;  naming  the  first 
incipient  or  gangrene.  It  Is  attended  with  a  sud- 
den diminution  of  feeling  in  the  part  affected  j 


gangrSne 


399 


GAS 


livid  discoloration ;  detachment  of  the  cuticle, 
under  which  a  turbid  flnid  is  effused ;  with  crepi- 
tation, owing  to  the  disengagement  of  air  into 
the  areolar  texture.  When  the  part  has  become 
quite  black,  and  incapable  of  all  feeling,  circula- 
tion, and  life,  it  constitutes  the  second  stage,  or 
mortification,  and  is  called  sphacelus.  Gangrene, 
however,  is  frequeutly  nsed  synonymously  with 
mortification,  —  local  asphyxia  being  the  term 
employed  for  that  condition,  in  which  the  parts 
are  in  a  state  of  suspended  animation,  and,  con- 
sequently, susceptible  of  resuscitation.  When  the 
part  is  filled  with  flnid  entering  into  putrefaction, 
the  affection  is  called  humid  gangrene,  (F.)  Gan- 
grene humide :  on  the  other  hand,  when  it  is  dry 
and  shrivelled,  it  constitutes  dry  gangrene;  (F.) 
Gangrene  slche.  To  this  class  belongs  the  gan- 
gr&'na  seni'lis,  G.  Pot'tii,  Presbyosphoc" elus,  or 
spontaneous  gangrene  of  old  people,  which  rarely 
admits  of  cure.  Whatever  may  be  the  kind  of 
gangrene,  it  may  be  caused  by  violent  inflamma- 
tion, contusion,  a  burn,  congelation,  the  ligature 
of  a  large  arterial  trunk,  or  by  some  internal 
cause  inappreciable  to  us. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  Internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflamma- 
tion is  obviated  by  an tiph logistics ;  and  that  from 
intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the  circula- 
tion by  cold  frictions,  Ac.  When  the  gangrene 
has  become  developed,  the  separation  of  the 
eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient  appli- 
cations, if  there  be  considerable  reaction ;  or  by 
tonics  and  stimulants,  if  the  reaction  be  insuffi- 
cient. 

GAireftEffE,  Hospital,  see  Hospital,  Gangrene 
— g.  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GANGRENE  DE  LA  BOUCffE,  Cancer 
aquations  —  g.  Chaude,  Gangrene  —  g.  Froide 
Sphacelus — g.  Humide,  see  Gangrene — g.  Siche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Htipital,  Hospital  gangrene — 
a.  du  Po  union,  Necropneumonia— 9.  des  Solonois, 
Ergotism. 

GAN'GRENOUS,  Gangra'n\cus,Gangr*no'sus, 
Gangrano'des.  Affected  with  or  relating  to  gan- 
grene. 

GANJAH,  Gunjah. 

GANTELET  (F.),  ChirotMea,  Fas'cia  digi- 
talis, Gauntlet;  from  (F.)  gant,  'a  glove.'  A 
sort  of  bandage  which  envelops  the  hand  and 
fingers,  like  a  glove.  It  is  made  with  a  long 
roller,  about  an  inch  broad;  and  is  applied  so 
that  the  fingers  are  covered  to  their  tips,  when 
it  is  called  Gantelet  entier  ou  complet.  The  Demi- 
gantelet  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures  and 
luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand,  Ac. 
See  Chirotheca. 

GANTS  DES  DAMES,  Condom— g.  de  Notre 
Dame,  Digitalis. 

GAPING,  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia, 

GARCIN'IA  CAMBO'GIA,  G.guUa,Oambogia 

5utta,  Mangosta'na  Cambogia.    A  tree  of  Ceylon, 
'amily  Guttifene,  which  affords  a  concrete  juice 
similar  to  Gamboge. 
Garcihia  Gutta,  G.  Cambogia. 
Gabcik'ia  Makgosta'ka,   Jfangostafna  Gar- 
eta'io.    The  systematic  name  of  the  Mangos'tan 
or  Mangovs'tan  tree,  Mangosta'na,     It  grows  in 
great  abundance  in  Java  and  the  Molucca  islands. 
The  fruit,  which  is  about  the  sire  of  an  orange,  is 
delicious,  and  is  eaten  in  almost  every  disorder. 
The  dried  bark  is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery 
and  tenesmus ;  and  a  strong  decoction  has  been 
muob  esteemed  in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 
GARDE-MALADE,  Nurse. 
GARDEROBE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 


GARDEROBES,  Fasces. 

GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PREPARA- 
TION, see  Oryza, 

GARDOUCHES,  Vesiculas  seminales. 

GARETUM,  Poples. 

GARGALISMUS,  Gargalus. 

GAR'GALUS,  Gar'gali,  GargaliSmus,  TVlfl- 
laftio,  Irrita'tio,  Pruri'ta*.  Titillation,  irrita- 
tion, itching.  Also,  masturbation;  and,  rarely, 
animal  magnetism. 

GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GARGARISATIO,  Gargarism. 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mus,  Gargaris'ma, 
Anagargalic'ton,  Gargaris'mum,  Collu'tio,  Dio- 
clys'ma,  Anagargaris'ton,  Anagargarism'us,  Anm- 
conchylis'mtts,  Anaconchylias'tnus,  Titillamen'tum, 
from  yaf»yopi{»,  '  I  wash  the  mouth.'  A  gargle. 
Any  liquid  medicine,  intended  to  be  retained  m 
the  mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to  be  thrown 
in  contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pendulum,  ton- 
sils, Ac.  For  this  purpose,  the  liquid  is  agitated 
by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  the  head 
being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  employed  in 
cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  diseases  of  the 
fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulant*,  sedatives, 
astringents,  refrigerants,  Ac,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  process  is  termed  gargling,  gargarisa'tio. 

The  term  colluto'rium  or  collvtorium  oris  is  ge- 
nerally restricted  to  a  wash  for  the  mouth. 

GARGET,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

GARGLE,  Gargarism. 

GARGLING,  see  Gargarism. 

GARGOUILLEMENT,  Borborygmus,  Gur- 
gling.   See  Rdle  muqvcux. 

GARLIC,  Allium— g.  Hedge,  Alliaria. 

GAROSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GAROU  BARK,  Daphne  gnidium. 

GARRETUM,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLUS,  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GARROT  (F.),  from  aarotter,  'to  tie  met* 
A  small  cylinder  of  wood,  used  for  tightening 
the  circular  band,  by  which  the  arteries  of  a  limb 
are  compressed,  for  the  purpose  of  suspending 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  aneu- 
rism, amputation,  Ac 

GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 

GARRULITAS,  Loquacity. 

GARU'LEUM  BIPINNA'TUM.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Composites ;  known  under 
the  name  Snakeroot,  from  its  reputed  effects  as 
an  antidote  to  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents. 
The  root  is  a  great  favourite  with  the  Boers  m 
chest  diseases — as  asthma — and  in  affections  in 
which  a  free  secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  bronchia  is  indicated.  It  has  diaphoretic 
properties,  and  acts  as  a  diuretic  in  gout  and 
dropsy.  It  is  given  in  decoction  or  tincture.  Dr. 
Pappe  thinks  the  root  ought  to  have  a  place  in 
the  Materia  Medica. 

GARUM,  yapov.  The  ancient  Romans  gave 
this  name  to  a  kind  of  pickle  made  by  collecting 
the  liquor  which  flowed  from  salted  and  half- 
putrefied  fish.  It  was  used  as  a  condiment — The 
Geoponics,  Humelberg  on  Apicins,  Martial,  Ac 

GAS,  see  Gas  —  g.  Ammoniacale,  Ammonia— 
g.  Animale  sanguinis,  G.  sanguinis — g.  Asoticum> 
Asote  —  g.  Azoticum  oxygen  a  turn,  Nitrogen,  ga- 
seous oxide  of — g.  Hepaticum,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted —  g.  Hydrogenium  sulphuretum,  Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted — g.  Intoxicating,  Nitrogen, 
gaseous  oxide  of—  g.  Laughing,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of—  g.  of  the  Lungs.  Gas,  pulmonary — g. 
Nitrons,  dephlogisticated.  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide 
of — g.  Oxygenated  muriatic  acid,  Chlorine — g» 
Oxy muriatic  acid,  Chlorine — g.  Palustre,  T" 


GASCARTLLA 


800 


GASTR0-ARTHRITI8 


marsh  ~-g.  Paradise,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of 
— g.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid. 

GASCARILLA,  Croton  cascariila. 

GASTBIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Gastein  or  Gasteiner  Wild  bad  is  in  the  Norio 
Alps,  Austria.  The  waters  are  thermal.  Temp. 
106°  to  118°  Fah.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  potassium, 
carbonate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
manganese,  iron,  Ac. 

GASTER,  yaornp.  The  abdomen.  At  times, 
but  rarely,  the  uterus.  Also,  the  stomach,  in 
particular;  Hence: 

GASTERALGIA,  Gastralgia. 

GASTER  AN  AX.  A  name  given  by  Dolstus 
to  a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding 
to  the  ArchsBus  of  Van  Helm  on t,  the  seat  of 
which  he  placed  in  the  lower  belly.  See  Bithni- 
malea. 

GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTBRANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Gasteranaem- 
phrax'is,  Qasteremphrax'is.  Obstruction  of  the 
pylorus,  from  yaarnp,  '  stomach/  ayx<»,  '  I  stran- 
gle/ and  cft<ppa<T<ru,  '  I  obstruct' — Vogel.  Also, 
and  properly,  obstruction  or  congestion  of  the 
vessels  of  the  stomach. 

GASTERASE,  Pepsin. 

GASTER  ASTHENI'  A,  Imbed?  Hasten  Aton'ia 
BCU  Lax'itas  ventric'uli;  from  yavrtip,  '  stomach, " 
and  aaOcvcta,  'debility.'    Debility  of  the  stomach. 

GASTERECHE'MA,  Son'Uus  stomach' icue; 
from  yaornp,  '  the  stomach/  and  vg^ta,  ' sound.' 
Sound  presumed  to  be  heard  on  auscultating  the 
region  of  the  stomach. 

GASTEREMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERHTSTER0T0MT,CsB8arean  Section. 

GASTR-fi'MIA;  from  yawp,  'the  stomach/ 
and  'atpa,  'blood.'  Determination  of  blood  to 
the  stomach. 

GASTRALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRANEURYSMA,  Gastreetasis. 

GASTR ATROPHIA,  from  yamtp,  'the  sto- 
mach/ and  arpofta,  '  wasting.'  Atrophy  of  the 
stomach. 

GASTREC'TASIS,  Gastrecta'sia,  Qastraneu- 
rys'ma,  Dilata'Ho  ventric'uli :  from  yavrrip,  'the 
stomach/  and  cxraaif,  'dilatation/  Dilatation 
of  the  stomach. 

GASTRELCOBROSIS,  Gastrobrosis  ulcerosa, 

GASTRELCO'SIS,  Ulcera'tio  seu  Exulccra'tio 
seu  Ul'eera  ventric'uli,  from  yaorijp, '  the  stomach/ 
and  'tXtums,  '  ulceration.'  Ulceration  of  the  sto- 
mach. When  accompanied  with  hectic,  it  con- 
stitutes Gastrophthi'sis,  Gastroph'thoe". 

GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  Sec- 
tion. 

GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,  Gaetromyelo'ma, 
Ga*tromyclo'sis,Gdstroe°ncephalo'sis  ;  from  yacrnp, 
'the  stomach/  and  tytapaXos,  'the  brain.'  En- 
vephaloid  of  the  stomach. 

GASTRENCHYTA,  Stomach  pump. 

GASTRENTERIC,  Gastroentericus. 

GASTRENTERITIC,  Gastroenteric 

GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA,  Gaetrenteroma- 
foa/i*,  from  yaerno,  'stomach/  tvrtoov,  'intestine/ 
and  fiaXaKia,  'softening/  Softoning  of  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTREPATTCUS,  Gastrohepatic 

GASTREPATFTIS,  Inflamma'tio  ventric'uli 
et  hep'atis;  from  yacrrip,  'stomach/  and  'ijirap, 
'  liver/    Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

GA8TREPIPLOICU8,  Gastroepiploic. 

GASTRERETHIS'IA;  from ywrrvp,  sto- 


mach/ and  tpi9tfa  '  I  irritate/  Irritation  of  the 
stomach. 

GASTRIC,  Gas'tricus;  from  yaornp,  'the  sto- 
mach/   Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

Gastric  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number,  Ar- 
te'ria  gastro-epiplo'ica  dertra,  A.  gastro-epiploi'- 
ca  Sims' tra,  and  A.  corona' ria  ventri'culi. 

Gastric  Juice,  Succus  gas'tricus,  Jfen'etruum 
seu  Fermentum  Ventric'uli,  (F.)  Sue  Gastrique, 
Gastric  Acid.  A  fluid,  secreted  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met  with,  it  is  a 
mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by  that  organ  with 
those  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Owing  to  such  admixture,  the 
moat  contrary  properties  have  been  assigned  to 
it  That  such  a  fluid  is  secreted,  which  concurs 
powerfully  in  digestion,  is  evident  from  many 
considerations,  and  has  been  positively  proved 
by  the  author  and  numerous  others.  It  was  flttnd 
by  him  to  contain,  in  man,  chlorohydrio  and  acetio 
acids.  The  gastric  fluid  in  cases  of  sudden  death 
sometimes  corrodes  and  perforates  the  stomach : 
giving  rise  to  interesting  questions  in  medical 
jurisprudence. 

Gastric  Nerves.  The  two  cords  by  which 
the  pneumogastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 
descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomach ;  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 
which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

GASTRIC  PLEXUS,  Plexus  corona' riu*  ventri'- 
culi. A  nervous  net-work,  formed  by  the  solar 
plexus.  It  accompanies  the  Arteria  eoronaria 
ventrieuli,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvature 
of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Ga8Trio  Vbuts  follow  the  same  distribution 
as  the  arteries,  and  open  into  the  Vena  porta  ab- 
dominis 

GAS'TRICISM,  Gastricis'mu*,  from  yeurtnf, 
'  the  stomach/  A  name  by  which  is  designated 
the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  almost  all, 
diseases  to  an  accumulation  of  sabuiro  in  the 
digestive  passages. 

GA8TRIL  OQUE,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRILOQUUS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRIMARGUS,  Glutton. 

GASTRINUM,  Potash. 

CASTRISMUS,  Gluttony,  see  Sahurra. 

GASTRIT'IC,  Gastrificus ;  same  etymon  as 
the  rest    Relating  to  gastritis. 

G ASTRI'TIS, from  yaortip,  'the  stomach/  and 
itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Ventric'uli  inflam- 
ma'tio, Cauma  gastritis,  Empres'ma  gastritis,  In- 
flamma'tio gastritis,  Cardial'gia  inflammato'ria, 
Febris  stomach' ica  inflammato'ria,  Inflamma'tio 
ventric'uli,  I.  stom'achi,  Phleg'mone  ventric'uli, 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  VEstomac,  Gastrite,  Catarrhe  gastrique.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  pyrexia ;  great  anxiety ; 
heat  and  pain  in  the  epigastrium,  increased  by 
taking  any  thing  into  the  stomach;  vomiting 
and  hiccup.  Gastritis  may  either  be  seated  in 
the  peritoneal  or  mucous  coat.  It  is  most  fre- 
quently in  the  latter — Esogastri'tis,  Endogastri'- 
tis,  Gastromycoderi'tis, — being  excited  directly 
by  acrid  ingesta.  It  requires  the  most  active 
treatment;  —  bleeding,  blistering,  fomentations, 
diluents,  Ac.  Some  degree  of  inflammation  of 
the  mucous  coat  of  the  stomach  was  considered  by 
the  followers  of  Broussais  to  be  present  in  almost 
all  fevers;  and  the  various  forms  of  dyspepsia 
have  been  supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  more 
than  chronic  endogastri'tis. 

Gastritis  Arthritica,  Cceliagra. 

G ASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Goutr-g.  Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  Dyspepsia— g.  Bronchitis, 
Fever,  adenomeningeal—  g.  Entirite  intense  Sy- 


GASTR0BR08IS 


400 


GASTROPERIODYNIA 


nocha— 9.  Entente,  with  nervous  affection  of  the 
brain,  see  Typhus — g.  Enteritis,  follicular,  Dothi- 
ncnteritis j  see  Typhus. 

GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  ventric'uli, 
Gaetrorrhex'i;  (F.)  Perforation  de  FEetomac  ; 
from  yaornp,  '  the  stomach/  and  /fount,  '  the  act 
of  gnawing.'  Corrosion  and  perforation  of  the 
stomach. 

Gastrobro'bts  TJlcero'sa,  Gaetrelcobro'He. 
Destruction  and  perforation  of  the  coats  of  the 
stomach  by  ulceration. 

GASTROCE'LE,  from  yacmp, '  the  belly,'  and 
KtXfj,  '  a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  stomach,  Hernia 
ventric'uli,  (Y.)  Hernie  de  l'E$tomac.  Hernia, 
formed  by  tne  stomach  through  the  upper  part 
of  the  linea  alba:  a  disease,  the  existence  of 
which  has  been  doubted  by  many.  See  Epigas- 
trocele. 

«ASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS;  from  yaernp,  'the 
stomach,'  nfaXij,  'Head,'  and  itie,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and 
head, — a  not  uncommon  concomitant  of  certain 
malignant  fevers. 

GASTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROGNEME,  Sura. 

GASTROCNEMIA,  Sura. 

GASTROCNE'MII,  from  yaomp,  'the  belly,', 
and  Jtt»//ui,  '  the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two  fleshy 
masses  which  ocoupy  the  posterior  and  superficial 
part  of  the  leg,  Gemelli;  (F.)  Gastroenemiene,  Ju- 
meaux  de  la  jambe,  BifSmoro-calcanien* — (Ch. :) 
the  two  constituting  the  Gattrocne'miue  exter'nue, 
of  English  anatomists.  These  muscles  are  dis- 
tinguished into  internal  and  external,  which  are 
distinct  above,  but  united  at  their  inferior  ex- 
tremity. They  are  long,  flat,  and  thick;  and 
arise — the  former  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
outer  condyle  of  the  femur;  the  latter,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  inner  condyle  of  the  same 
bone.  The  aponeurosis,  which  unites  these 
muscles  below,  joins  with  that  of  the  solans,  and 
forms  with  it,  a  large  tendon,  which,  under  the 
name  Tendo-Achillie,  is  inserted  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  calcaneum.  These  muscles  extend 
the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They 
can,  also,  bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally 
on  each  other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius  intemus, 
see  Soleus. 

GASTROCNEMIUM,  Sura. 

GASTROCCELIACUS,  CoBliac. 

GASTROCCELICUS,  Celiac. 

GASTROCOLIC,  see  Epiploon,  gastrocolic. 

GASTROCOLICA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTROCOLFTIS,  from  yaomPt  'stomach,' 
and  **\ov,  'colon.'  Inflammation  ot  the  stomach 
and  colon. 

GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Csssarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRODIDTMUS,  Did'ymus,  Symphyo- 
gasJtrius,  Psod'ymus;  from  yaortip,  'the  belly,' 
and  iiSv/ios,  '  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  abdomen. 

GASTRODUODE'NAL,  GaHroduodena'lie  ; 
from  yaomp,  'stomach,'  and  duodenum.  Relating 
to  the  stomach  and  duodenum. 

GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

GASTRODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRODYNIA,  Cardialgia— g.  Flatulent*, 
Oolica  flatulenta. 

GASTROENTERIC,  Gastrointer'icue,  Gas- 
trenter'ie,  G astr  enter' icus,  from  yaomp,  'the  sto- 
mach,' and  evrtpov,  '  intestine.'  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  intestine. 

GASTRO&NTltRITE,  Gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERITaO,0a#fff>ftiteftftc«*, 


Gaetrenteritic,  Gaetrenteritficue  ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next     Relating  to  gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERICS,  Inflamma'tio  ventric'- 
uli et  Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Qastro-entfrite,  Gastro- 
enteric disease,  from  yaomp,  '  the  stomach,'  cm- 
par,  '  an  intestine,'  and  tti«,  a  suffix  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and 
small  intestine.  According  to  Broussai*,  the 
essential  fevers  of  authors  are  gastro-enteriiis, 
simple,  or  complicated. 

GASTROEPIPLOIC,  Gastro-epiplo'icue,  Gae- 
trepiplotcus,  from  yaomp,  'the  stomach,'  and 
crtnXoo*,  'the  epiploon.'  That  which  relates  to 
the  stomach  and  epiploon. 

Gastroepiploic  Arteries,  or  Gastric  inferior, 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into  right 
and  left.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro-hepatie7 
Gas'trica  inferior  d extra,  Gastro-epiplo'ica  deee- 
tra,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artery.  It  de- 
scends behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from  right 
to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas,  duodenum, 
stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  terminates  by  an- 
astomosing with  the  Gastro-epiplo'ica  sinis'tra, 
Gas'trica  sinis'tra,  Gas'trica  infe'rior  sinis'tra. 
This  —  the  left — arises  from  the  splenic  artery. 
It  is  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  passes  from 
left  to  right,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach,  distributing  its  branches  more  particu- 
larly to  the  stomach  and  omentum  majus.  It 
terminates  by  joining  the  right  gastroepiploic. 

Gastroepiploic  Ganglions  are  the  lymphatio 
ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the  great 
curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the  two  ante- 
rior lamina  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Veins  are  distinguished,  like 
the  arteries,  into  right  and  left.  They  empty 
themselves; — the  former,  into  the  superior  me- 
senteric :  the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTROHiEMORRHAGIA,  HsematemeaU. 

GASTROHEPAT'IC,  Gostro-hepaficus,  ffep'- 
oto-gos'tricus,  Gastrepaficus  ;  from  y««r*f»  'the 
stomach,'  and  'lyroPi  'the  liver/  Relating  to 
the  stomach  and  liver.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  organs.  See  Epiploon,  gastro- 
hepatic,  Ac 

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY,  Cesarean  section. 

GASTROLIENAL^,  Gastrosplenicus. 

GASTROLITHI'ASIS,  from  yuemp,  'the  sto- 
mach,' and  XiBiavit,  'formation  of  stone.*  The 
formation  of  concretions,  gaatrol'ithi,  in  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTROMALACIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gostro-mala'cia,  Gas- 
tromalaco'sis,  Malacogas'ter,  Malax1  is  ventric'uli, 
Dissolu'tio  ventric'uli,  Emollif'io  ventric'uli, 
Pseudophloao'sie  ventric'uli  reeoluti'va  et  colli* 
quati'va,  Metamorpho'sis  ventric'uli  gelatinifor'- 
mis,  Ero'sio  et  perfora'tio  sponta'nea  ventric'uli, 
Resolu'tioet  diabro'sis  ventric'uli,  (F.)  RamoUisee- 
ment  de  VEstomae,  from  yaomp*  'the  stomach,' 
and  paXafts,  'softening.'  Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach, induced  at  times  by  the  gastric  secretions 
after  death, — Resolu'tio  ventric'uli  autopeptica. 

GASTROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTROMETROTOMIA,  Cesarean  section. 

GASTROMYCODERIS,  see  Stomach. 

GASTROMYCODERITIS,  see  Gastritis. 

GASTROMYELOMA,  Gastroenoephaloma, 

GASTRONOSUS,  Gastropathia. 

GASTROPARALTSIS^ortropJeVui,  Parol'- 
ysie  ventric'uli ;  from  yaomp,  '  the  stomach/  and 
vapaXveis,  'paralysis.'    Paralysis  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROP'ATHY,  Gastropathi'a,  Gartron'- 
oeue,  Gastronu'sus,  from  yaomp?  'the  stomach,' 
and  *a$oc, '  disease.'    Disease  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROPERIODYN'IA;   Sool  (India,)    A 


GASTROPHRENIC 


401 


GELASINI 


violent  periodical  neuralgic  pain  at  the  pit  of  the 
stomach,  not  uncommon  in  Hindoostan. 

GASTROPHRENIC,  Gaetro-phren'icue,  from 
yaorvp,  'the  stomach/  and  tysvts,  '  the  diaphragm.' 
Belonging  to  the  stomach  and  diaphragm. 

Gastrophrenic  Ligament  is  a  reflection  of  the 
peritoneum!  which  descends  from  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm  to  the  cardia. 

GASTROPHTHISIS,  Gastreleosis. 

GASTROPHTHOE,  Gastreleosia. 

GASTROPLEGIA,  Gastroparalysi*. 

GASTROR'APHY,  Gaetrorrha'phia,  Gaztror'- 
rhaphi,  Sutu'ra  abdomina'lie,  from  yo<mjp,  '  the 
belly/  and  pa*v,  '  a  suture.'  The  suture  used  for 
uniting  wounds  penetrating  the  abdomen,  when 
they  are  too  extensive  or  too  unequal  to  be  kept 
In  contact  by  position,  adhesive  plaster,  or  ap- 
propriate bandages.  The  interrupted  and  quilled 
sutures  are  those  chiefly  employed. 

GA8TR0RRHAGIA,  HsBmatemesis. 

GASTRORRHEXIS,  Gastrobrosis. 

GASTRORRH(E'A,from  vaernp,  'the  stomach/ 
and  f>w,  'I  flow.'  Blennorrhea  seu  Fluxne  ven- 
tric'uli,  (F.)  Flux  muqueux  de  Feetomac,  Catarrhe 
etomacal.  A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach, 
which  consists  in  the  secretion  of  an  excessive 
quantity  of  mucus  from  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  stomach.    Also,  Coeliac  flux. 

GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Indura'tio  ventric'uli 
eeirrho'ea,  Scirrhue  seu  carcino'ma  ventpe'uli. 
Scirrhous  induration  or  cancer  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 

GASTRO'SIS.  A  generic  name  for  diseases 
which  are  seated  in  the  stomach. — Alibert. 

GASTROSPLE'NIC,  Gaetroeple'nieue,  Qaetro- 
liena'lie,  from  yee-rnp,  'stomach/  and  er\nv9  'the 
spleen.'    Relating  to  stomach  and  spleen. 

GASTROSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  sto- 
maeh. 

GASTBOSTEK08I8     CABBI'AOA     et    PlXOB'lCA  J 

from  yamjp,  'the  stomach/  and  ertvt,  'narrow/ 
Narrowness  of  the  cardiac  and  pyloric  orifices  of 
the  stomach  from  cancer  of  that  organ. 

QASTROT'OMY,  from  yaernp,  'the  belly/  and 
repn,  'incision.'  Several  different  operations 
have  been  so  called.  1.  The  Cesarean  Section. 
2.  An  incision  made  into  the  abdomen  for  the 
purpose  of  removing  some  internal  strangulation 
or  volvulus;  or  to  reduce  hernia,  Laparotomy: 
and,  3.  The  opening  made  in  the  stomach,  to  re- 
move a  foreign  body  which  has  passed  into  it 
through  the  oesophagus. 

GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  yarn,?,  'sto- 
mach/ 'wc0,  'above/  and  vtvoov,  'a  nerve/  Mor- 
bidly increased  activity  of  the  nerves  of  the 
stomach. 

GATEAU  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 

GATTTLIER,  Vitex. 

GAUDIA  F(EDA,  Masturbation. 

GAULTHE'RIA,  G.  seu  Gualthe'riajproeum'- 
bene,  Gautie'ra  repene,  Mountain  Tea,  Partridge 
Berry,  Berried  Tea,  Groueeberry,  Deerberry,  Spite 
berry,  Tea  berry, Red  berry,  Wintergreen,Red  berry 
Tea,Ground  berry,  Ground  ivy,  Ground  holly,  Hill 
berry,  Box  berry,  Chequer  berry.  An  American 
plant,  which  is  one  of  the  principle  articles  of 
the  materia  medica  of  some  Indian  tribes.  The 
infusion  of  the  leaves  is  stimulant  and  anodyne, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  used,  with  advantage, 
in  asthma.  The  oil— Oleum.  GauUherim,  Ph. 
U.  S.t — is  used,  chiefly  on  aooount  of  its  pleasant 
flavour,  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 

GAUNTLET,  Gantelet. 

GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  Chir^. 

GAUTIERA  RBPENS,  Gaultheria. 
26 


GAY  FEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

GAY  AC,  Guaiacum. 

GAYLUSSAC'IA  RESINO'SA,  Vaeeinfium  r*- 
eino'eum,  Black  Huckleberry.  An  indigenous 
plant,  whose  fruit  is  sweet  and  agreeable. 

GAZ,  Got,  Air.  Van  Helmont  first  designated 
by  this  name,  —  the  etymology  of  which  is  un- 
known, —  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in  the  vi- 
nous fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  term  was 
appropriated  to  every  permanently  elastic  fluid ; 
that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state  at  all 
temperatures :  and  ultimately  it  was  extended  to 
all  ae'riform  bodies;  —  which  were  divided  into 
permanent  and  non-permaent  gone*.  The  latter 
are  generally  termed  vapours :  —  they  return  to 
the  liquid  state,  when  a  portion  of  their  calorio  is 
abstracted.  The  permanent  gazes,  or  gates  pro- 
perly so  called,  are  numerous,  and  may  be  di- 
vided into  four  sections  with  regard  to  their 
effects  on  the  animal  economy. 


Carbonic  acid,  ammoniaeal 
gas,  muriatic  acid  gas, 
deutoxide  of  asote,  nitrous 
acid  gaz,  and  chlorine. 


1.  Irreepirable 

gaze*. 

2.  Negatively  dele- 
terioue  gazee. 

3.  Poeitively  dele- 
terioue  gazee. 


Hydrogen,  asote. 

Oxygen,  protoxide  of  asote, 
carburetted  hydrogen,  car- 
bonic oxide,  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  and  arseniuret* 
ted  hydrogen. 


It  is  proper  to  remark  that  the  term  reepirable 
has  been  very  differently  employed  by  different 
writers.  Sometimes  it  has  meant  the  power  of 
supporting  life  when  applied  to  the  blood  in  the 
lungs.  At  others,  all  gazes  have  been  deemed 
irrespirable,  which  are  incapable  of  being  intro- 
duced into  the  lungs  by  voluntary  efforts, — with- 
out any  relation  to  their  power  of  maintaining 
vitality ;  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  sense.  The 
gazes  were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  medicine, 
under  great  expectations, — especially  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Beddoes;  but  they  are  now  scarcely 
ever  had  recourse  to.  They  differ,  considerably, 
in  their  effects  on  the  animal  economy.  Some, 
as  oxygen,  are  exciting;  others,  as  asote,  de- 
pressing; whilst  others,  again,  as  the  Protoxide 
of  azote  or  laughing  gae,  produce  the  most  sin- 
gular effects. 

Gaz,  Pul'monabt,  Gaz  of  the  lunge.  A  name 
given  to  the  expired  air ;  which  contains — besides 
common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonio  acid,  water, 
and  some  animal  matter. 

Gas  SAHG'uiiris,  Gaz  anrma'U  ean'guinie,  H*V~ 
itue  ean'guinie,  Aura  ean'guinie,  H#mat'mue. 
The  halitus,  or  vapour,  given  off  by  freshly 
drawn  blood. 

GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 

GAANT,  Giant 

GEBARPULVER,  Ergot. 

GEDE'OLA.  The  convex  part  of  the  liver.-* 
Du  Cange. 

GEILNAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Geil- 
nau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Nassau,  at 
no  great  distance  from  Frankfort  The  waters 
contain  carbonio  acid,  carbonate,  sulphate,  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

GEISMAR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar,  in  Bavaria,  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GEISUM,  Geieon.  The  part  of  the  frontal 
bone  over  the  eyes. 

GELAPPITJM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

GELASINI  DENTES,  Incisive  tooth. 


GELASMUS 


442 


GENERATION 


GELASMUS,  Canine  laugh. 

GEL'ATIN,  Qel'atine,  Gelatina,  Galreda,  from 
(F.)  Gelie,  'gelly  or  jelly/  An  immediate  ani- 
mal principle.  It  is  semitranspsxent,  insipid,  in- 
odorous, insoluble  in  cold  water,  very  soluble  in 
hot,  which  it  thickens,  and  transforms  into  gelly 
•n  cooling.  Gelatin  is  a  very  nutritious  sub- 
stance; and,  when  dissolved  in  a  considerable 
quantity  of  water,  forms  an  emollient  fluid,  much 
used  in  therapeutics,  but  not  the  most  easy  of 
digestion. 

Gelatin  of  Wharton,  Gelatina  Whartonia'na, 
Jelly  of  tee  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  fluid,  gelatinous 
substance,  which  envelops  the  umbilical  cord,  and 
is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  foetus. 

GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATIO,  Congelation. 

GEL$E,  Gelly. 

GELLY.  Jelly,  Jut  gela'tum,  Gelu,  Jut  coagu- 
la'tum,  (F.)  Gclte.  A  substance  of  a  soft  con- 
sistence, tremulous,  and  transparent,  which  is 
obtained  by  an  appropriate  treatment,  from  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  matters :  hence  the  distinction 
into  animal  and  vegetable  jelly.  The  former  is 
merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  gelatin,  left  to 
oool. 

Vegetable  Jelly  is  found  in  the  juice  of  the  cur- 
rant, mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits,  when 
ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  almost  always 
retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the  fruit  which 
has  furnished  it  It  has  an  agreeable  taste ;  is 
scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  boiling  water 
dissolves  it  readily :  the  jelly  is,  however,  almost 
all  deposited  on  cooling.  If  this  aqueous  solution 
bo  boiled  for  a  long  time,  it  becomes  analogous 
to  mucilage,  and  loses  the  property  of  being  jel- 
lied on  cooling. 

GELSEMI'NUM  NIT'IDUM,  Yell™  Jet'ta- 
mine.  The  flowers,  root,  Ac,  of  this  shrub,  are 
narcotic,  and  the  effluvia  from  the  former  are  said 
sometimes  to  induce  stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 

GELUS,  Risus. 

GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochanteri- 
anus,  Testicles. 

GEMEL'LUS,  Gem'inut,  Did'ymut,  'a  twin/ 
(F.)  Jumeau,  Jumelle,  Baton,  Bcttonne.  One  of 
two  children,  twins,  born  at  the  same  accouche- 
ment, or  gestation.  Also,  relating  to  twins,  as 
"  a  twin  conception/' 

Gemellus  Mus'culus.  Cowper  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  brachialis 
united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Isohio-trochanterianus,  Testicles. 

GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCULARE, 
Taenia  semicircularis. 

GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 

GEMIPOMA,  Mamu*. 

Q^MISSEMENT,  see  Moaning. 

GEMMA,  Granulation— g.  Oculi,  Crystalline. 

GEMMATION,  GENERATION  BY,  see  Ge- 
neration. 

GEMJflPAR/TjS,  see  Generation. 

GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

GEMUR'SA,  a  corn;  also  a  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  seated  between  the  toes; 
—the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Gen'etit,  'generation/  from  ytvvau,  'I 
make/    Hence  Hydrogen,  Osteogeny,  Ac. 

GENA.  The  Cheek,  Genytt  Parei'a,  Gamphl, 
Gamphe'le,  Gnathoe,  Qnathmut,  Mala,  (F.)  Jove. 
The  cheeks  form  the  lateral  parts  of  the  mouth. 
Externally,  they  have  no  precise  limits :  they  are 
continuous,  ahw  with  the  lower  eyelid;  below, 


they  descend  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  jaw ;  oc/or«, 
they  terminate  at  the  alas  nasi,  and  at  the  com- 
missures of  the  lips;  and  behind,  at  the  ear. 
Their  thickness  varies,  according  to  the  degree 
of  fatness  of  the  individual.  They  are  formed  of 
three  layers ;  —  one  dermoid,  another  muscular, 
and  the  third  mucous. 

GENCIYES,  Gingivae 

GENEFAS,  Lanu'go  prima,  Probar'biuuu  The 
downy  hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.  Also* 
a  bandage  which  passes  under  the  chin. 

GENEION,  Beard,  Mentum. 

GENERAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

GJSNJSRALE,  Influenza. 

GENERATIO,  Generation— g.  -ffiquivoca,  see 
Generation — g.  Calculi,  Lithia — g.  Homogenea, 
see  Generation — g.  Primigena,  see  Generation — 
g.  Primitiva,  see  Generation  —  g.  Origin  aria,  see 
Generation — g.  Spontanea,  see  Generation. 

GENERATION,  Genera'tio,  Gen'ctit,  Genne*- 
tit,  Gone,  Gonxu,  Procrea'tio,  Procreation,  Breed- 
ing,  from  ytvta,  or  yevvau,  ' 1  engender/  Under 
this  name  physiologists  comprehend  the  aggre- 
gate of  functions,  which  concur,  in  organised 
beings,  towards  the  production  of  their  kind. 
The  aet  of  generation  means  the  union  of  the 
sexes.  See  Coition.  The  writers  of  antiquity 
believed,  that  all  organized  bodies  are  produced 
either  by  what  is  termed  univ'ocal  or  regular  ge- 
neration, Homogen'etit,  genera'tio  komogen'ea, 
propaga'tio,  which  applies  to  the  upper  clashes 
of  animals  and  vegetables,  or  by  tpontaneout  iti- 
neration, Autogon'ia,  hetcrogen'ezit,  generatio  he- 
terogen'ea,  mqxtiv'oca,  primiti'va,  primig"ena% 
origina'ria,  tponta'nea,  tpontfpariU  (Dugc$), 
which  they  considered  applicable  to  the  very 
lowest  classes  only,  as  the  mushroom,  the  worm, 
the  frog,  Ac.  There  are  still  many  distinguished 
naturalists  who  consider  that  beings  low  in  the 
scale  of  animality,  are  produced  in  the  latter 
way.  Spontaneous  generation  and  equivocal  ge- 
neration have  been  regarded  by  many  to  be  sy- 
nonymous. Others,  however,  mean  by  sponta- 
taneous  generation,  the  production  of  a  new  being 
from  the  mere  combination  of  inorganic  elements : 
whilst  by  equivocal  generation  they  understand 
the  evolution  of  a  new  being  from  organised 
beings  dissimilar  to  themselves,  through  some  ir- 
regularity in  their  functions,  or  through  the  inci- 
pient decay  or  degeneration  of  their  tissues.  As 
to  the  mode  in  which  regular  generation  u  ac- 
complished, there  have  been  many  views.  Ac- 
cording to  the  doctrine  of  Hippocrates,  and  of  the 
ancient  philosophers,  the  ovaries  of  the  female 
furnish  a  prolific  fluid,  similar  to  that  of  the  male; 
and  the  foetus  results  from  the  mixture  of  the  two 
seeds  in  copulation.  Steno  and  others  conceived, 
that  the  ovaries  contain  ova,  which  are  not  de- 
veloped until  vivified  by  the  male  sperm.  Bonnet 
and  Spallanzani  believed  in  the  pre-eristenceof 
germs,  created  since  the  origin  of  tho  world,  but 
eneated  in  each  other,  and  becoming  developed 
in  succession ;  whence  it  would  follow  that  the 
ovary  of  the  first  female  must  have  contained 
the  germs  of  all  subsequent  generations :  and  that 
the  number  of  these  germs  must  go  on  always 
diminishing,  until  ultimately  extinct  Thi*  was 
the  system  of  the  evolution  of  germt.  According 
to  Leeuenhoek,  the  ovaries  do  not  contain  egg*, 
but  vesicles  destined  to  receive  animalcules; 
which,  in  his  view,  live  in  the  sperm.  Thousands 
of  these  animalcules  are  thrown  into  the  uterus 
during  copulation,  and  the  most  expeditious  and 
vigorous  reaches  the  ovary,  after  having  scattered 
and  destroyed  its  competitors.  Buffon  —  admit  - 
ting  the  hypothesis  of  the  two  seeds  —  supposed 
that  they  were  formed  of  molecules  proceeding 


GENEROUS 


403 


GENITAL 


from  every  part  of  the  body  of  each  parent;  and 
that,  by  a  kind  of  elective  affinity,  those  which 
were  furnished  by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  ex- 
tremities  of  the  male  parent,  eould  only  unite 
with  those  proceeding  from  the  jame  parts  of  the 
female.  Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with 
many  of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of 
Epigenesis,  and  adopting,  as  regarded  the  com- 
position of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that 
of  Buffon,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  ca- 
pable of  being  organised,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  eyes; 
the  body,  the  arms;  the  arms,  the  hands,  Ac., 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regular  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  and  various 
other  systems  have  been  successively  proposed 
and  abandoned,  and  the  mystery  of  generation 
remains  impenetrable. 

The  simplest  kind  of  reproduction  does  not  re- 
quire sexual  organs.  The  animal  separates  into 
several  fragments,  which  form  so  many  new  indi- 
viduals. This  is  Fissip'arous  generation,  Fissi- 
parism,  0.  from  fission,  (F.)  FissiparitS,  Scissi- 
paritL  Gemmip' arous  generation,  (P.)  Gemmipa- 
riU,  consists  in  the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or 
germs  on  some  part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  par- 
ticular period  drop  off  and  form  as  many  new 
individuals.  In  Ovip'arous  generation,  (F.)  Ovi- 
paritS,  the  egg  is  hatched  out  of  the  body.  In 
ovovivip' arous  generation,  the  new  being  is 
hatched  in  the  excretory  passages.  In  vivip'a- 
rous  generation,  the  new  individual  is  born  under 
its  appropriate  form ;  and  in  marsu'pial  or  mar- 
supiate  generation,  the  young  being,  born  at  a 
very  early  stage  of  development,  is  received  and 
nourished  in  a  marsupium  or  pouch.  In  alternate 
generation,  the  young  not  only  do  not  resemble 
the  parent  at  birth,  but  remain  dissimilar  during 
their  whole  life,  so  that  their  relationship  is  not 
apparent  until  a  succeeding  generation.  Thus, 
the  cercaria  undergoes  a  change  into  the  distoma. 
All  the  act*  comprising  the  function  of  genera- 
tion in  man  may  be  referred  to  five  great  heads. 
1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or  fecundation. 
3.  Gestation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery  or  Ac- 
couchement: and,  5.  Lactation. 

Generation,  Act  op,  see  Generation— g.  Equi- 
vocal, see  Generation— g.  by  Fission,  see  Genera- 
tion—g.  Fissiparous,  see  Generation— g.  by  Gem- 
mation, see  Generation— g.  Gemmiparous,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Marsupial,  see  Generation  —  g. 
Organs  of,  female,  see  Vulva— g.  Oviparous,  see 
Generation— g.  Regular,  see  Generation— g.  Spon- 
taneous, see  Generation— g.  Univocal,  see  Gene- 
ration—g.  Viviparous,  see  Generation. 

GEN'EROUS,  Genero'sus.    A  name  given  to 
wines  which  contain  a  great  quantity  of  alcohol. 
GENESIOL'OGY,  Genesiolog"ia,  from  met* 
•generation/  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'    The  doc- 
trine of  generation. 

GtiNtisiQUE,  LE,  Appetite,  venereal. 

GENESIS,  Generation. 

GEN&T,  Spartium  scoparium  — g.  d  Balai, 
Spartium  scoparium— p.  dee  Teinturiers,  Genista 
tinctoria. 

GENETHLIACUS,fromym0Uoj,'nataI/'per- 
tftining  to  nativity.'  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the  state 
of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  an  in- 
dividual, predicted  his  future  character  and  the 
events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  vw«f/ origin,'  'rise.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  sexual  functions:  the  5th  class  in 
Good's  Nosology.  Also,  agents  that  act  on  the 
sexual  organs.— Pereira. 

GBNETICOS,  GenitaL 


GENEVA,  Gin— g.  Hollands,  see  Spirit 
GENE  VRTER,  Juniperus  communis. 
QENQIVITE,  Ulit*. 
Q&NI,  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,   Genia'nus,    Oe'nial,   from  yewuem, 
'the  chin.'     The  Oenian  apophysis  or  Process, 
(F.)  Apophyse  gfnienne  ou  gini,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti,  and  if 
formed  of  four  small  tubercles. 
GENICULATUM,  see  Corpora  geniculate* 
GENIE,  Ge'nius.    The  French  sometimes  ap- 
ply this  term  to  diseases  nearly  synonymously 
with  nature;  as  Genie  infiammatoire,  G.  bilieuec, 
G.  adynamique.    Some  use  it  in  the  same  sense 
as  type ;  Gfnie  intermittent.     The  unwonted  pre- 
dominance of  any  mental  faculty  is  also  so  called. 
GlSNfEN,  Genian. 

GENI&VRE,  Gin,  Juniperis  communis  (the 
berry.) 

GENI'OGLOSSUS,  Genio-hyoglos'sus,  from 
ytvttov,  'the  chin,'  and  Ayuxwa,  'the  tongue.' 
Mesogfossus,  Mesoglot'tus,  Nonus  lingua>  mus' cu- 
ius. The  name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
which  extends  from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue, 
which  it  carries  forward. 

GENIOHYODES,  Geniohyoideus. 
GENIOHYOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 
GENIOHYOIDES,  Geniohyoideus. 
QEm'OHYOIVEVSrfeniohyo'desrfemohycV- 
des,  Mento-bicom'ens,  from  ymiov, '  the  chin/ and 
W<4itf,  'the  os  hyoides.'    A  muscle  which  arises 
from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.    Its 
use  is  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  carry  it  for- 
wards.    It  may,  also,  contribute  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw  in  contracting  towards  the  os  hyoides. 
GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US,  from  ynwor,  'the 
chin/  and  l<rpvy£  '  the  pharynx.'   A  name  given, 
by  somo  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  fibres  which 
passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of  the  pha- 
rynx, and  forms  part  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis 
superior. 

GEN'IPA  OBLONGIFO'LIA,  ffnito.  A  plant 
of  Peru,  with  the  juice  of  which  the  Indians  paint 
their  legs,  to  protect  them  against  the  stings  of 
insects. 

GENIPI  ALBUM,  Artemisia  rupestris-^. 
Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  g.  Verum,  Achillea 
atrata. 

#  GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium — g.  Canaden- 
sis, see  Rhodium  lignum — g.  Hirsuta,  Spartium 
scoparium — g.  Scoparia,  Spartium  scoparium. 

Genis'ta  Spino'sa  Ih'dica,  Bahel  Schulli.  An 
oriental  tree,  a  decoction  of  the  roots  of  which  is 
diuretic  The  leaves  boiled  in  vinegar  have  the 
same  effect. — Ray. 

Genis'ta  Tiwcto'ria,  GenistoVdes  tincto'ria, 
Spar'tium  tineto'rium,  Dyers*  broom,  Dyers'  weed, 
Green  weed,  Wood  waxen,  (F.)  Genit  des  Teintu- 
riers.  A  shrub  cultivated  in  this  country  and  in  ! 
Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed  have  been 
used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
Spartium  scoparium. 

GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA,  Genista  tine- 
toria. 

GEN'ITAL,  Genitalis,  Genet' icos.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Generation.  That  which  belongs  to  ge- 
neration. 

Gen'ital  Orgahs,  Sex'ual  Organs,  Puden'da, 
Natura'lia,  Natu'ra,  jEda'a,  3&'zea,  3fc'sa,  Mo1, 
rion,  Genital  parts,  Noble  parts,  Nat'ural  parts, 
Private  parts,  Priv'ities,  Privy  parts,  Privy 
Members,  the  Parts,  Pars,  Pars  corporis  sou 
obsca'na,  Fores,  Partes  genita'les  seu  genera- 
tio'ni  inservien'tes,  P.  obstante,  Me'dea,  Vers*- 
da,  Pedes,  Inguen,  Genitalia,  Gennet'ica,  Gymnt^ 


GEN  IT ALE 


404 


GENYANTRITIS 


Membra  puden'da,  Or'gana  generatio'ni  inser- 
vientia,  (F.)  Organes  ainitaux,  Parties  gSnitales, 
P.  honteuses,  P.  ginitoirm,  P*  nobles,  P.  sex- 
uelles,  P.  natureUes,  Les  Parties.  The  parts  that 
are  in  Berrien  t  to  the  reproduction  of  the  species. 
These  are  very  different  in  the  male  and  female. 
In  man,  they  are  numerous ;  some  secreting  the 
sperm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages; 
others  retaining  it,  as  the  vesiculm  seminal  es; 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of  the 
female, — the  penis.  In  the  female,  the  parts  of 
generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps  more  com- 
plicated than  that  of  the  male.  Some  are  incer- 
rient  to  copulation,  as  the  vulva,  vagina,  Ac. ; 
others  to  conception  and  the  preservation  of  the 
produot  for  a  determinate  time,  as  the  uterus  and 
its  appendages ;  whilst  others  concur  in  the  ali- 
mentation of  the  infant  afterbirth,  as  the  mammae. 

GENITALS,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Qlans. 

GENITALIA,  Genital  organs— g.  Viri,  Pudi- 


GEN'ITO-CRURAL  NERVE,  Nervy*  gen'ito- 
erura'lis,  Subpu'bial  nerve,  Internal  in'guinal 
nerve.  A  branch  of  the  second  lumbar  nerve, 
which  passes  through  the  psoas  muscle,  and,  ap- 
proaching the  femoral  arch,  divides  into  two 
branches, — an  internal,  scrotal,  or  gen'ital,  nervus 
spermaticus  seu  puden'dus  exter'nus,  and  an  ex- 
ternal or  femoral  cutaneous  branch,  lumbo-ingui- 
nalie. 

GENITU'RA.  That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.  This  word 
lias  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo,  foetus, 
and  infant.  Also,  the  sperm;  and  the  penis.  See 
Gold. 

GENIUM,  Mentum. 

GENNESIS,  Generation. 

GBNNETIOA,  Genital  Organs. 

GENNETICOONES'MUS,  from  ym^m©*, 
'genital,'  and  ntppof,  'itching.'  Itching  of  the 
genital  organs. 

GENNBTICON'OSI,  Genneticonu'si,  from 
ywvnrtKos,  'genital/  and  vans,  'disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  genitals. 

GENOA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  this 
Italian  oity  and  its  vicinity  has  been  often  select- 
ed as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
during  the  winter ;  but  it  is  now  admitted  to  be 
decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary  affections, 
being  subject  to  frequent  and  rapid  changes  of 
temperature,  and  to  dry  cold  winds  from  the 
north,  alternately  with  warm  moist  winds  from 
the  south-east.— Sir  James  Clark. 

GENONU'SI,  Morbi  sexus,  from  ytvos,  'sex/ 
and  twvrof, '  disease.'    Sexual  diseases. 

GENOS,  Sex. 

GBNOU,  Genu. 

GjSNOUILL^S,  (Corps,)  Corpora  geniculata. 

GENRE,  Genus. 

GENSANG,  Panax  quinquefblium. 

GENTIA,  Gentianina. 

GENTIAN,  Gentiana  lutea,  Triosteum  — g. 
Blue,  Gentiana  eatesbni — g.  Catesbian,  Gentiana 
eatesbari — g.  White,  Laserpitium  latifolium  —  g. 
Southern,  Gentiana  oatesbsBi —  g.  White,  Trios- 
teum— g.  Yellow,  Gentiana  lutea,  see  Calnmba. 

GENTIANA,  G.  lutea— g.  Alba,  Laserpitium 
latifolium — g.  Cachenlaguen,  Chironia  Chilensis 
— g.  Centaurium,  Chironia  centaurium. 

Gbntiaica  Catbbbjb'i;  0.  Catesbia'na,  Blue 
Gentian,  U.  S.,  Catesbian  Gen'tian,  Southern 
Gentian,  Bluebells,  BitterrooL  It  is  a  pure  and 
simple  bitter,  and  the  root  maybe  used  wherever 
that  of  the  Gentiana  lutea  is  proper. 

Gentia'na  Chibatta,  0.  Uhirayi'ta,  Henrice'a 
Pharmaeear'cha,  Steer* tia,  Chirayi'ta,  Agatho'tes 
rhirayi'ta,  Ophelia  chira'ta,  OUrefta,  Chirayi'- 


ta,  Chirac' to.  A  native  of  India,  which  has  bee* 
much  employed  in  that  country,  in  dyspepsia, 
and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  intermittent*.  It  is 
preferred  by  some  to  sarsaparilla,  where  the  lat- 
ter is  considered  to  be  indicated, — as  after  large 
quantities  of  mercury  have  been  taken,  or  where 
profuse  salivation  has  been  induced.  It  has  also 
been  advised  in  atonic  leucorrhoea.  It  yields  he 
virtues  to  alcohol  and  water. 

Gentiana  Cbihita,  see  G.quinqueflora— g.  Ge- 
rardi,  Chironia  centaurium. 

Gentia'na  Lu'tea,  The  systematic  name  of 
the  officinal  gentian;  Gentia'na,  Gentia'na  ma- 
jor, G.  vet'erum,  Gentia'na  rubra,  Steer* tin  lu'tea, 
Aste'rias  lu'tea,  Yellow  Gentian,  FelworL  Ora\ 
Gentianea.  (F.)  OerUiane  jaune.  This  is  a 
plant  common  in  the  mountains  of  Europe.  The 
root  is  almost  inodorous,  extremely  bitter,  and 
yields  its  virtues  to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  It 
is  tonic  and  stomachic ;  and  in  large  doses,  ape- 
rient Dose,  gr.  x.  to  JJlj.  It  is  most  frequently, 
however,  used  in  infusion  or  tincture. 

Gentiana  Major,  G.  lutea— g.  Peruviana,  Chi- 
ronia Chilensis. 

Gentia'na  Qutnqubflo'ra,  Five-flowered  Gen- 
tian; and  Gentia'na  Cbihi'ta,  Fringed  Gentian, 
indigenous,  are  possessed  of  like  virtues. 

Gentiana  Rubba,  G.  lutea — g.  Veterum,  G. 
lutea. 

GENTIANE  JAUNE,  Gentiana  lutea. 

GENTIANI'NA,  Gentianine,  Gentianin,  Gen- 
tia'nia,  Gentia.  A  supposed  neutral  substance, 
obtained  from  gentian,  and,  by  some,  presumed 
to  be  its  active  principle.    It  is  not  so. 

GENTILITIUS,  Hereditary. 

GENU,  Gony,  yon,  (F.)  Genou.  The  articula- 
tion of  the  leg  with  the  thigh ;— the  Fcmoro-tibial 
or  knee-joint,  the  knee.  It  is  the  most  compli- 
cated in  the  body,  and  is  formed  by  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  femur,  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  tibia,  and  the  rotnla.  The  articular  sur- 
faces of  the  bones  are  covered  by  layers  of  carti- 
lage— more  or  less  thick — and  by  the  synovial 
membrane  of  the  articulation.  The  soft  parts  of 
this  joint  are, — the  ligamentum  patellm,  two  late- 
ral ligaments,  distinguished  by  the  names  inter- 
nal and  external;  a  posterior  ligament,  Ligamen'- 
tumposti'cum  Winslou/ii;  two  crucial  ligaments, 
— the  one  anterior,  and  the  other  posterior;  two 
interarticular  fibro-eartilages ;  some  albugineeus 
fibres,  which  form  an  imperfect  capsule,  Ac  The 
knee  receives  its  arteries  from  the  femoral  and 
popliteal  They  bear  the  name  articular.  Its 
veins  have  the  same  distribution  as  the  arteric*, 
and  discharge  their  blood  into  the  saphena  and 
crural.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  sciatic, 
popliteal,  and  crural.  The  joint  is  protected  by 
the  tendons  and  muscles  which  surround  it 

The  French  use  the  term  Articulation  en  gem* 
for  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received 
into  a  bony  cavity  of  another,  where  it  rolls  and 
moves  in  all  directions. 

Genu  Corporis  Cauau,  see  Corpus  eaHoeunu 

GENUGRA,  Gonagra, 

GENUINUS.  Legitimate. 

GENUS,  (F.)  Genre.  A  collection  or  group  of 
species,  analogous  to  each  other,  and  which  earn 
be  united  by  common  characters.  When  a  spe- 
cies cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus,  it  con- 
stitutes a  distinct  one. 

Genus  Curationis,  Ratio  medeadL 

GENYANTRAL'GIA,  from  ysmow,  'the  max. 
ilia,'  arreov,  'the  antrum,  andaAyof,  'pain.' 
in  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENTANTRI'TIS,  from  ytme*, '  the  i 
avTpov,  *  the  antrum/  and  itis,  denoting  infl 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore* 


Pain 


GENTA27TRUM 


405 


GEUM 


GENYANTRUM,  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENYOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidma. 

GENYS,  ytwi,  '  the  jaw /  also  the  chin.  Bee 
Gena. 

GEOFFRJE'A  INER'MIS,  Q.  racemo'ea  sen 
PUo'nis  sen  Jamaicen'tie,  Vouacap'oua  America' - 
na,  Geoffrat'a,  Geoffroy'a,  Cabbagf'ium,  Cabbage 
Tree,  Cabbage  Bark  Tree,  Worm-Bark  Tree,  An- 
di'ra  inerm'xs  sen  racemo'ea.  Nat.  Ord.  Legu- 
minosm.  Sex.  SyeL  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
odour  of  the  bark  is  rery  unpleasant.  It  is  an- 
thelmintic and  cathartic  Dose  of  the  powder, 
Bj  to  9ij. 

r  GiorrBJBA  Jumjcebsis,  G.  inermis---g.  Piso- 
nis,  G.  inermis — g.  Racemosa,  G.  inermis. 

Gkoffba'a  Suriic amen' sis,  Andi'ra  Surina- 
men'eie,  has  similar  properties. 

Huttenschmidt  has  separated  their  active  prin- 
ciples, to  which  he  has  given  the  names  Jamai- 
eine  and  Surinamine.    They  are  all  alkaline. 

Geoffrjea  Vebmif'uga,  Andira  ibai,  Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra  Fernambueeneie  ;  a  South  American 
plant  has  a  fruit,  the  almond  of  which,  called 
angiline,  has  a  reputation  at  Rio  Janeiro  as  a 
vermifuge.  Dose,  a  grain  to  fifteen ;  or  it  may 
be  given  in  infusion. 

GEOFFROYA,  Geoffrsa  inermis  —  g.  Jamai- 
cenais,  G.  inermis. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'phia 
Med' tea.  The  description  of  the  surface  of  the 
,  globe  as  regards  the  influence  of  situation  on  the 
health,  vital  functions,  and  diseases  of  its  inha- 
bitants— vegetable  and  animal;  but  principally 
on  those  of  man. 

GEOPH'AGISM,  Geophag"ia,  Ga>ophag"ia, 
from  yn,  '  earth/  and  fay*,  *  I  eat'  The  act  or 
practice  of  eating  earth.    See  Chthonophagia. 

GERiEOLOG"IA,  Geratolog"ia,  from  ynfas, 
*  old  age,1  and  Xoyot,  '  a  discourse.'  The  doctrine, 
or  a  description,  of  old  age. 

GER'ANIS,  from  ytpavot,  'a  crane/  which  it 
resembled.  A  bandage,  used  by  the  ancients  in 
cases  of  fractured  clavicle.  Some  authors  attri- 
bute it  to  Hippocrates j  others,  to  Perigenes. 

GERA'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its  pistil 
is  long,  like  the  bill  of  the  crane.  The  Crane's 
BUI. 

Gbbabium  Fcnromc,  G.  Robertlanum — g.  Ma- 
eolatum,  see  Geranium,  and  G.  Moschatum. 

Geranium:  Moscha'tumj  Erod'ium  Moecha- 
tatm,  (F.)  Bee  de  grue  muequi.  A  European 
plant,  esteemed  to  be  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

GsBAintrif  Noyeboracense,  G.  Maculatum — 
g.  Purpureum,  G.  Robertianum. 

GsRAftiuv  Robertia'kvm  j  G.  fa'tidwn  seu 
purau'reum,  Stinking  Crane's  Bill,  Herb  Robert, 
(F.)  Herb*  d  Robert,  Bee  de  Grue  Robertin. 
This  plant  was,  at  one  time,  used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  slight  stimulant,  as  well  as  for  an  ex- 
ternal application  in  various  painful  sores  and 
Inflammations. 

Meet  of  the  species  of  geranium  have  been  used 
as  astringents.  In  some  of  the  northwestern 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  the  Gera- 
nium macula' turn—  Gera'nium,  (Ph.  U.  8.)  —  G. 
JToveboracen'se,  Spotted  Crane" t  Bill,  Crowfoot, 
Alum  root,  Tormentil,  Stork  bill— is  called  Racine 
d  Beequet,  after  a  person  of  that  name.  It  is 
highly  extolled  by  the  Western  Indians  as  an  an- 
tisyphilitic. 

GERAS,  Senectus. 

GERM,  Germen,  BlaeU,  Blastema.  The  rudi- 
ment of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed,  or  which 
la  still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

Germ  Force,  Plastic  force. 

GERMANDER,  COMMON,  Teucrium  cha- 
msodrys— g.  Creeping,  Teucrium  ohamssdrys — g. 


Marum,  Teucrium  marum — g.  Small,  Tenormin 
chamsedrys — g.  Water,  Teucrium  soordium. 

GERMANDRJ&E  AQUATFQUE,  Teucrium 
scordium  —  g.  Maritime,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Officinale,  Teucrium  chammdrys — g.  Scorodone, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

GERME  FAUX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEN,  Germ,  Sperm— g.  Dentale,  Dental 
Pulp — g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium,  Conception, 
false. 

GERMINAL  CELL,  see  Cytoblast— g.  Mem- 
brane  and  Vesiole;  see  Molecule  —  g.  Nucleus, 
see  Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule — g.  Vesiole, 
see  Molecule.  \ 

GERMS,  DISSEMINATION  OF,  Panspermia. 

GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontobosfcia,  from  ynp*s9 
'old  age/  and  £0**17,  'food.'  Nourishment  or 
maintenance  proper  for  the  aged. 

GEROCOMEUM,  Geroeomium. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'icl,  Qerontocom'ic*, 
from  ytowv,  'an  aged  person/  and  ko/iuv,  'to  take 
care  of.  The  part  of  medicine  whose  object  if 
the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the  aged : — the 
hygiene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerocome'um,  Presbyodo* 
chi'nm,  Gerontoeomi'um,  Gerotrophe'um,  same  ety- 
mon.   An  hospital  for  the  aged. 

G&ROFLE.  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

oflROFLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheirL 

GERONTATROPUIA,  Marasmus  senilis. 

GERONTOBOSCIA,  Geroboscia. 

GERONTOCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GERONTOCOMIUM,  Geroeomium. 

GERONTO'PIA,  from  yvpas,  'old  age/  and 
(a\h,  *  the  eye.'    Weakness  of  sight  of  the  aged. 

GERONTOTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontatoafon, 
Mac'ula  cor'nem  arena' ta,  Arena  eeni'lie;  from 
vcpw,  'an  old  person/  and  toJ-oy,  'a  bow.'  A 
bow-shaped  obscurity  at  the  under  margin  of  the 
cornea,  common  to  old  people. 

GEROTROPHEUM,  Geroeomium. 

GEROTROPHIA,  Geroboscia.  • 

GERSA,  Plumbi  subearbonas— g.  Serpentaiia, 
see  Arum  maculatum. 

GESTA,  'things  done/  from  gerere,  geeium, 
1  to  do/  '  carry.'  A  Latin  term,  introduced  by 
Hall 6  into  medical  language,  to  designate,  among 
the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene,  the  func- 
tions which  consist  in  the  voluntary  movements 
of  muscles  and  organs.  In  the  class  Geeta  are 
found  eleep,  the  waking  etate,  movements  or  loco- 
motion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Geeta'tio,  Phora,  from  gtstare, 
'  to  carry.'  The  time  during  which  a  female  who 
has  conceived  carries  the  embryo  in  her  uterus. 
See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  likewise,  signifies  the 
bearing  or  carrying  of  an  individual ;  a  kind  of 
exercise  easier  than  that  in  which  he  moves  by 
virtue  of  his  own  powers.  Thus,  we  speak  of 
gestation  on  horseback,  in  a  carriage,  Ac. 

Gestation,  Protracted.  Pregnancy  pro- 
tracted beyond  the  usual  period.    See  Pregnancy. 

GESTICULATION,  Geticula'tio,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  making  many  gestures;  a 
symptom  in  disease,  which  indicates  great  ence- 
phalic erethism.  It  is  met  with  in  numerous 
affections. 

GETim/LIS  SPIRALIS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllideae,  the  orange-co- 
loured fruit  of  which  has  a  peculiar  fragrance. 
An  infusion  in  spirit  or  tincture  is  used  in  flatu- 
lence and  colic. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale— g.  Caryophyllatum,  G.  v 


GEUMA 


406 


GESTGLYMUS 


banum  — g.  Nutans,  G.  rivale  —  g.  Palustre,  G. 
rivals. 

Geum  Rivals,  G.  palus'tri  sea  nutans  Caryo- 
phylla'ta  aquat'ica  sou  nutans,  Benedic'ta  sylves'- 
tris,  Water  ovens,  (F.)  Benoite  aqnatique,  B.  de» 
Buissanx.  Family,  RosacesB.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
tandria  Polygyria.  The  root  of  this  plant, 
Geum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  astringent  It  has  been 
much  extolled  in  the  cure  of  intermittent*,  diar- 
rhcea,  hemorrhage,  Ao. 

Geum  Urbancm,  G.  caryophylla'tum,  Caryo- 
phylla'ta,  C.  vulga'ris  sea  urba'na,  CaryophyVlus 
vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'mus,  Caryo- 
phyl'la,  Janamun'da,  Common  avens,  Herb  Ben- 
net,  Herba  benedic'ta,  (F.)  Benoite.  The  root  of 
this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of  cloves. 
Taste  bitterish,  austere;  virtues  yielded  to  water 
and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  intermittent*, 
dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debility,  Ac.  Dose, 
JJss  to  3J  °f  the  powder. 

Gbum  Vernum,  Western  early  avens,  has  the 
same  properties  as 

Geum  Virgixia'nuh,  White  avens,  Avens,  Evan 
root,  Choc'olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  root,  Cure- 
all,  (F.)  Benoite  de  Virginie,  is  common  from 
Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flowering  in 
June  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical  proper- 
ties as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUMA,  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytvcu,  'taste/  and  vows, 
'disease/  Geusionu'si.  Diseases  of  the  organ 
or  sense  of  taste. 

GEUSI8,  Taste.  Rarely,  the  root  of  the 
tongue — Radix  lingua, 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZIR,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OMZIT.  Cagot. 

G&ZITAW,  Cagot. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cuoumis  sativus. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO,  Cambogia. 

GIALAPPA,  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 

GIANT,  Oigas,  (F.)  Giant.  One  much  above 
the  ordinary  stature. 

GIBBA,  Hump. 

GIBBER,  Hump. 

GIBBEROSITAS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBOS'ITAS,  Gibberos'itas,  Cypho'sis,  Rha- 
ehio-eypho'sis,  from  (F.)  Gibbeux,  (L.)  Gibbus, 
'  something  arched  or  vaulted ;  prominent'  Gib- 
bos'ity,  Gib'bousness,  Curvature  of  the  spine,  Hy- 
bo'ma.  A  symptom  which  occurs  in  different 
diseases ;  particularly  in  rickets  and  caries  of  the 
vertebrae.     See  Hump. 

Gibbositas  Carioba,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBBOUSNESS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBUS,  Hump — g.  PoCtii,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBLETS.  According  to  Minsheu,  from 
Gobbet,  Goblet;  but,  according  to  Junius,  from 
(F.)  Gibier,  'game.'  The  word  seems  to  be  the 
old  (F.)  Gibelez,  Gibelet,  Ac,  i.  e.  Gibier,  (L.)  Ci- 
barium,  food,  (F.)  Abattis.  It  means,  generally, 
the  parts  which  are  cut  off  from  a  goose  before  it 
is  roasted.  Also,  the  extremities  of  fowls,  such 
as  the  head,  wings,  feet ;  to  whioh  are  sometimes 
added,  the  liver,  gizzard,  Ac  Soup,  made  from 
these,  is  moderately  nutritious. 

GIDDINESS,  Vertigo. 

GIDDY,  Vertiginous. 

GIGANTEUS,  Gigantic 

GIGANTESQUE,  Gigantic. 

GIGAN'TIC,  Gigante'us,  Giganto'des,  (F.)  Gi- 
gantesque.  Relating  to  one  much  above  the  or- 
dinary stature. 

GIGANTODES,  Gigantic. 

GIGARTINA  HELMINTHOCHORTON,  Co- 
rallina  Corsicana — g.  Lichenoides,  Fucus  amyla- 


GIGARUS  SERPENTARIA,  Arum  dmeun- 
culus. 

GIGAS,  Giant. 

GILARUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

GILEAD,  BALM  OF,  see  Amy ris  opobalsamum. 

GILET  DE  FORCE,  Waistcoat,  strait 

GILL,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

Gill-go-by-ground,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

GILLA  THEOPHRASTI,  Zinci  sulphas— g. 
Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas. 

GILLE'NIA  STIPULA'CEA,  Small-flowered 
In'dian  Physic  has  the  same  properties  as 

Gille'nia  Tripolia'ta,  Spira'a  tri folia? to, 
Common  Gille'nia,  Indian  Physic,  Western  Drop- 
wort,  Indian  Hippo,  Ip'ecac,  Bowman's  root.  Mea- 
dow sweet,  Beuumont  root,  Nat.  Ord.  Rosacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The  root  of 
this  shrub,— Gille'nia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)— which  grows 
plentifully  in  the  United  States,  is  a  safe  and 
efficacious  emetic,  in  the  dose  of  about  30  grains. 
It  resembles  ipecacuanha  in  its  properties. 

GILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

GIM'BERNAT'S  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous, 
triangular  expansion,  which  is  detached  from  the 
posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.  This  liga- 
ment forms  the  inner  part  of  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  crural  canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
frequent  causes  of  strangulation  in  crural  hernia. 

GIN,  Hollands,  Gene'va,  (F.)  Gent  ewe*  This 
spirit,  which  is  distilled  from  corn  and  juniper 
berries,  or  from  some  substitute  for  them,  is 
largely  used  in  Great  Britain j  and  is  extremely 
detrimental,  to  the  lower  classes  particularly.  It 
possesses  the  properties  of  other  spirituous  liquors, 
but  is,  in  popular  medicine,  more  used  than  other 
varieties,  in  cases  of  colic  or  intestinal  pain  of  any 
kind.     See  Spirit 

Gin  Drinker's  Liter,  Liver,  nutmeg  — g. 
Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

GINGEMBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 

GINGER,  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Beer  powder, 
see  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Indian,  Asarum  cans- 
dense — g.  Jamaica,  concentrated  essence  of,  see 
Amomum  zingiber  —  g.  Preserved,  see  Amomum 
zingiber — g.  Wild,  Asarum  Csnadense. 

GINGIBRA'CHIUM,  from  gingiva,  <the 
gums,'  and  brachium,  '  the  arm.'  A  name  given 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  affected  by  it  It  has,  also,  been  called 
Gingipe'dium,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  cases  the  seat  of  scorbutic  spots.  See  Por- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGPV.E,  from  gignere,  'to  beget,'  because 
the  teeth  are,  as  it  were,  begotten  in  them.  (?) 
The  gums,  ov\o,  Via,  Camie'ula,  (¥.)  ffeaettw*. 
The  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouth  whioh  covers  the  maxillary  bones  to  the 
level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  gums  are 
formed  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid,  and  of 
a  fibro-muoous  nature,  which  adheres  strongly  to 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits,  between 
the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin  expan- 
sion,— the  alveolo-dental  periosteum.  The  guns 
fix  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to  their  soli- 
dity. In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the  teeth, 
they  become  fibrous  and  very  solid,  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication. 

GINGIVA'LIS,  Ulefieus,  XPlicus ;  from  «*»- 
giva,  'the  gums.'    Relating  to  the  gums. 

GING'LYMOID,  Ginglvmoideus,  Gimglywu/- 
des,  from  yiyy\vpo<,  'agtnglymus/  and  «*•*,  're- 
semblance. Resembling  a  ginglymus  or  hinge. 
An  epithet  applied  to  joints  which  resemble  a 
hinge,  as  a  ginglymoid  joint. 
GIN'GLYMUS,   Cardinamen'tum,    Cardo,  «» 


GINSENG 


407 


GLANDULA 


hinge.'  (F.)  Charniire,  Articulation  en  charnilre. 
A  species  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  which  only 
admits  of  motion  in  two  directions,  like  a  hinge, 
— as  the  knee-joint  or  elbow-joint. 

GINSENG,  Panax  quinquefolium  —  g.  Blue, 
Caulophyllum  thalictroYdes —  g.  Yellow,  Caulo- 
phyllum thalictroldcs — g.  Horse,  Triosteum — g. 
White,  Triosteum. 

GIRAFFE,  Dengue. 

GIRARD  ROUSSIN,Aearum. 

GIRDLE,  Cingulum. 
.  GIRL.  This  seems,  formerly,  to  hare  been 
an  appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su.  Goth. 
K  arl,  '  a  man/  It  means  a  young  female,  (L.) 
Filia,  from  ftXttv,  'to  lore.'     (F.)  Fille. 

GIROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GIROFLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri 

GISSA,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 

GIZZARD,  Ventriculus  callosus. 

GLABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GLABELLAD,  see  Glabellar. 

GLABEL'LAR,  from  glabella,  'the  space  be- 
the  eyebrows/  An  epithet  for  an  aspect  towards 
the  glabella. — Barclay.  Glabella d  is  used  adver- 
bially by  the  same  writer  to  signify  '  towards  the 
glabellar  aspect.' 

GLABRITIES,  Canities. 

GLACE,  Ice. 

GLACIALE,  Mcsembryanthemum  crystalli- 
nnm. 

GLACIALIS  HUMOR,  Crystalline. 

GLACIES,  Ice. 

GLADIOLUS,  Machecrion — g.  Ceeruleus,  Iris 
German  ica. 

Gladi'olus  Coumu'kis,  G.  vulga'ris,  Victo- 
ria'lx$  rot  tin' da,  Corn  flag,  Victoria' lit  feminea, 
(F.)  Glayeul.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  been 
considered  aphrodisiac.  Applied  in  cataplasm,  it 
has  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gladiolus  Lute  us,  Iris  pscudacorus — g.  Vul- 
garis, G.  communis. 

GLADIUS,  Penis. 

GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Chassie. 

GLAND,  Glau'dula,  Gran'dula,  from  giant, 
'  an  acorn,  a  kernel/  Aden.  The  ancient  ana- 
tomists gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs  of 
a  texture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or 
loss  globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance,  1. 
To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the  blood, 
any  fluid  whatever.  When  such  organs  were 
composed  of  several  lobules,  united  by  common 
vessels,  they  received  the  name  conglomerate 
glands,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas,  Ac  2.  To  the 
reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies,  which  are 
met  with  in  the  course  of  the  lymphatics.  These 
they  called  conglobate  glands;  —  see  Ganglion 
(lymphatic ;)  and  3dly  and  lastly,  to  various  other 
organs,  whose  intimate  texture  and  functions  are 
still  unknown,  as  the  Pineal  gland,  Pituitary 
gland,  Gland*  of  Pacckioni,  Thyroid  gland,  Thy- 
mus gland.  Supra-renal  glands,  Ac  Chaussier 
restricts  the  word  gland  to  those  softish,  granular, 
lobated  organs,  composed  of  vessels,  and  a  parti- 
cular texture,  of  which  there  are  in  the  human 
body,  the  lachrymal,  salivary,  and  mammary,  the 
testicles,  the  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  These 
permanent  glands,  or  glands  with  permanent  ducts, 
are  all  destined  to  draw  from  the  blood  the  mole- 
cules necessary  for  the  formation  of  new  fluids  j 
and  to  convey  these  fluids  externally,  by  means 
of  one  or  more  excretory  duets.  Several  glands 
besides  their  excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reser- 
voirs, in  which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  col- 
lect, remain  for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time, 
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before  being 
evacuated ;  —  such  are,  the  gall-bladder  for  the 
Brer,  the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys,  Ao. 


Each  gland  has  an  organisation  peculiar  to  it, 
but  we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture.  —  Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which  he 
gave  the  name  —  glandu lar  grains  or  erc'nt.  In 
these,  he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  alginate. 
Ruysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely  vas- 
cular, and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  immedi- 
ately continuous  with  the  vasa  afferentia,  Ac.  The 
best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  exhaling  or  secre- 
ting vessel  is  distributed  on  the  animal  membrane, 
which  forms  the  blind  extremity  of  the  excretory 
duct,  and  that  the  secretion  is  effected  through 
it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropriated 
to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or  engorge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans — g.  Accessory,  of  the  Parotid, 
see  Parotid  —  g.  Globate,  Conglobate  gland  —  g. 
Prostate,  Prostate — g.  Salivary,  abdominal,  Pan- 
creas. 

GLAND  AGE,  Adenophyma. 

GLANDE,  Gland— ^r.  ThyroUde,  see  Thyroid 
gland. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia— g.  Farcy,  see  Equinia. 

GLANDES  BRONCHIQUES,Broneh\tl 
glands — g.  Conglobies,  Conglobate  glands — g.  de 
Croissance,  Waxing  kernels — g.  de  Meibomius, 
Meibomian,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus  — g. 
Ganglion,  see  Ganglion. 

GLANDIUM,  Thymus. 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  Alba  —  g.  Aocessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g.  Aggregate,  Peyeri  glandules 
— g.  Agminatcd,  Peyer's  glands — g.  Aporic,  Gan- 
glions, glandiform — g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandi- 
form —  g.  Diapnogenous,  see  Perspiration  —  g. 
Havers's,  Synovial  glands  —  g.  of  Bartholinus, 
Cowper's  glands  of  the  female — g.  Cowper's,  see 
Cowper's  glands — g.  of  Duverney,  Cowper's  glands 
of  the  female  —  g.  Lenticular,  Lenticularcs  glan- 
dulsa— g.  Lieberkiihn's,  Lieberkiihn's  glands,  see 
Intestine — g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous  glands— g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  glands — g.  Permanent,  see  Gland — g. 
Peyer's,  Peyeri  glandule?  —  g.  Renal,  Capsules, 
renal  —  g.  Sebaceous,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g. 
Solitary,  Brunner's  glands — g.  Sudoriparous,  see 
Perspiration — g.  Sweat,  see  Perspiration. 

Glands,  Temporary,  Glands  without  perma- 
nent oriflces.  Glands,  that  consist  of  a  single 
primary  vesicle  or  sacculus,  which,  having  ela- 
borated a  secretion  in  its  interior,  bursts,  dis- 
charges it,  and  disappears.  Peyer's  glands,  and 
the  Graafian  vesicles  afford  examples  of  these. 

Glands  of  Tyson,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 
—  g.  Vascular,  sfie  Ganglion  —  g.  of  Vesalius, 
Bronchial  glands — g.  of  Willis,  Albicantia  corpo- 
ra, Mamillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland— g.  ad  Aures,  Parotid— 
g.  Avicennse,  Encystis  —  g.  Bartholiniana,  Sub- 
lingual gland  —  g.  Basilaris,  Pituitary  gland — g. 
Colli,  Tonsil — g.  Innominata  Galeni,  Lachrymal 
gland  —  g.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal  gland  —  g. 
Mucosa,  Conglobate  gland  —  g.  Pinealis,  Pineal 
gland — g.  Pituitosa,  Pituitary  gland — g.  Rivini- 
ana,  Sublingual  gland  —  g.  Salivalis  abdominis, 
Pancreas  —  g.  Socia  Parotidis,  see  Parotid  —  g. 
Thymus,  Thymus — g.  Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland. 

Glanduljs  Agminate,  Peyeri  glandulse —  g. 
Articulares,  Synovial  glands  —  g.  Assistcntes, 
Prostate  —  g.  Brunneri,  Brunner's  glands  -— g. 
Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulsa  —  g.  Dune  ma- 
tris,  G.  Pacchioni —  g.  Dura  meningis,  G.  Pac- 
chioni  —  g.  in  Agmen  congregate  intestinorum, 
Peyeri  glandulaa  —  g.  Intcstinales,  Peyeri  glan- 
dular —  g.  Meibomian*©,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 
g.  Mucosas  coagminatse  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glut- 
duke— g.  Muciparae  racenutim  congest*  intutU 


GLANDVLAIRE 


408 


GLOBULE 


norum,  Peyeri  glandule  —  g.  Myrtiformes,  Ca- 
runcula)  myrtiformes  —  g.  Odoriferse  Tysoni,  see 
Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Peyerianie,  Peyeri  glan- 
dule —  g.  Plexiformes,  Peyeri  G.  —  g.  Prostatas 
mulierum,  see  Corpus  glandulosum  mulierum  — 
g.  Sebaceae  ciliares,  Meibomius,  glands  of — g. 
Solitarie,  Brenner's  glands  —  g.  Spuria,  Peyeri 
glandule,  Ganglions,  glandiform — g.  Sudorifere, 
see  Perspiration — g.  Suprarenale*,  Capsules,  re- 
nal— g.  Tyson i,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson — g. 
Utricularcs,  Utricular  Glands  —  g.  Vaeoulose, 
Conglomerate  glands  —  g.  Vesaliane,  Bronchial 
glands. 

OLANDVLAIRE,  Glandular. 

GLAND'ULAR,  Glandularis,  Glandulo'sus, 
(F.)  Glandulaire,  Glanduleux.  Having  the  ap- 
pearance, form,  or  texture  of  Glands ;  as  A  glan- 
dular body,  a  glandular  texture,  Ac. 

Glandular  Substance  op  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

GLANDULE  OF  MALPIGHI,  see  Corpora 
Malpighiana. 

GRANDULEUX,  Glandular. 

GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS.  Ruysch  gives 
this  epithet  to  fleshy  excrescences  which  he  found 
in  the  bladder. 

GLANDULOSUS,  Glandular. 

GLANS,  ('an  acorn.')  Bal'anus,  Oyt'taros, 
Cuspis,  Caput,  C.  Pent*,  Genita'U  caput,  (F.) 
Gland.  The  extremity  of  the  penis  and  of  the 
clitoris.  The  giant  penit  is  of  a  conical,  slightly 
flattened  shape.  It  is  continuous  with  the  ure- 
thra, which  opens  at  its  apex;  and  is  circum- 
scribed by  a  projecting  edge,  called  the  Coro'na 
alandis.  It  is  covered  by  a  thin  mucous  mem- 
brane; is  furnished,  at  its  base,  with  sebaceous 
follicles,  called  glan'dula  odori/'eree  Tyso'ni,  the 
secretion  from  which  is  termed  Smegma  prepu'- 
tii;  and  can,  almost  always,  be  covered  by  the 
reflection  of  the  skin,  called  the  prepuce.  Lastly, 
it  is  formed  of  a  spongy  texture,  susceptible  of 
being  thrown  into  erection. 

Glans,  Bronchocele,  Pessary,  Suppository. 

Glans  Clitor'idis  is  smaller.  It  is  imper- 
forate, and  likewise  covered  with  a  sort  of  pre- 
puce formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vulva. 

Glans  Jo  vis  Theophrasti,  Fagus  castanea — 
g.  UlnsB,  Olecranon — g.  Unguentaria,  Guilandina 
moringa,  Myrobalanus. 

GLAREA,  Gravel. 

GLASS,  Vitrum. 

GLAUBER'S  SALTS,  Soda,  Sulphate  of. 

GLAUCEDO,  Glaucoma. 

GLAUCO'MA,  from  yXatutM,  *  sea-green.' 
Glauco'sis,  Glauce'do,  Catarnc'ta  glauea,  Oc'ulus 
cm' sins,  Ca'sius,  Phtharma  glauco'ma,  Parop'sis 
glauco'sis,  Apoglauco'sis.  Amongst  the  older 
pathologists,  this  word  was  used  synonymously 
with  cataract  It  is  now  ordinarily  applied  to 
opacity  of  the  vitreous  humour  or  of  the  tunica 
hyaloidea,  which  manifests  itself  by  a  grayish, 
or  greenish  spot,  apparent  through  the  pupil. 
The  diagnosis  is  generally  difficult;  and  the  dis- 
ease is  almost  always  incurable. 

Glaucoma  Woulhousi,  Cataract 

GLAUCOSIS,  Glaucoma. 

GLAYEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris  — ^.  Puant, 
Iris  foetidissima. 

GLECIIO'MA  HEDERA'CEA,  G.  hirsu'- 
lum,  Heder'ula,  Chamatcle'ma,  0.  hedera'cea,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  hedera'cea,  Calamin'ta  hu mil' tor,  Cha- 
macis'sus,  Ued'cra  terrss'tris,  Nep'eta  glecho'ma, 
Panace'a  pec'torie,  Ground-try,  Gill,  Gill-go-by- 
ground,  Alehoof,  Robin  runaway,  (F.)  Lierre  ter- 
restre,  Terrette.  This  plant  has  a  strong  smell, 
and  a  bitterish,  somewhat  aromatic,  taste.  It 
has  been  considered  expectorant  and  tonic. 


GLECIION,  Mentha  pulegiam. 

GLECHONI'TIS.  Wine,  impregnated  with 
the  Glechon,  yXir^wv,  mantha  pulegimn,  or  penny- 
royal. 

GLECOMA  HIRSUTUM,  G.  hederacenm. 

GLEET,  see  Gonorrhoea. 

GLEME,  Chassis,  Lippitudo. 

GLENE,  yXifvn.  The  pupil.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  eye.  The  eyeball  The  eye.  According 
to  some,  the  crystalline  lens.  Also,  a  glenoid 
cavity.  N 

OLENITIS,  Phacitis. 

GLENOID,  Glene. 

Gle'noid,  Glenoid' al,  Gleno\da' lis,  Glenoi'des, 
Gleno'des,  GlenoVdeus,  from  y^mnj,  'the  pupil,' 
and  tiiot,  'resemblance.'  (F.)  GKndide,  GfenoV- 
dale.  Any  shallow,  articular  cavity,  Glenl,  which 
receives  the  head  of  a  bone;  such  as,  I.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  scapula,  Fossa  gle- 
noldea,  Omocot'yU,  Acetab'ulum  hu'meri,  Cav'i- 
tas  hu'meri  glenoides,  Entypo'sis,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  angle  of  the  scapula;  and  is  arti- 
culated with  the  head  of  the  humerus.  2.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fosBa  of  the  temporal  bone.  It 
is  seated  between  the  two  roots  of  the  zygomatic 
process,  and  receives  the  condyle  of  the  lowet 
jaw. 

Glenoid  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  GUnoidien, 
is  a  fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or  bourrelet,  which 
seems  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 
the  long  head  of  the  biceps  brachialis,  and  sur- 
rounds the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  the 
depth  of  which  it  increases. 

QLiNOlDALE,  Glenoid. 

GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'chrotes,  from  yXi<r#ai- 
vu>,  (y\ia,  '  glue,')  '  I  become  glutinous.'  Lentor, 
viscidity. — Hippocrates. 

GLISCHROCH'OLUS,  from  yXtsxw,  '▼iacid,' 
and  x°^f  '  bile.'  An  epithet  for  excrement  which 
is  glutinous  and  bilious. 

GLISCHROTES,  Gliachrasma. 

GLISOMARGO,  Crete. 

GLOBE,  Bandage  (head)— g.  of  the  Eye,  tea 
Eye — g.  Flower,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globular* 
alypum. 

GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Globula'ri*, 
Montpel'lier  Turbitk,  (F.)  Glohulaire  purgative, 
Turbith  blanc.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  bit- 
ter, and  have  been  used  in  intermittenta  and  im 
constipation.     See  Alypon. 

GLOB'ULE,  Globulus,  Spha'rum,  Sphat'ruleu 
A  small  globe. 

Globules  of  the  Blood,  Blood  globvlm, 
Blood -corpuscles,  Blood -disks,  Blood -vesicles, 
Glob'uli,  Yeeic'ulm,  Sphm'ruUt  seu  FolUc'uH 
san'guinis,  (F.)  Globules  du  sang,  are  small,  cir- 
cular bodies,  which  are  particularly  observable 
when  the  transparent  parte  of  cold-blooded  ani- 
mals are  examined  by  the  aid  of  the  microscope ; 
and  are  met  with  in  the  blood  of  all  animals. 
They  are  circular  in  the  mammalia,  and  elliptical 
in  birds  and  cold-blooded  animals;  are  flat  in 
all  animals,  and  generally  composed  of  a  central 
nucleus  enclosed  in  a  membranous  sac  Che- 
mically, they  consist  of  hematin  and  globulin— 
haimato-globuUn. 

Size  op  the  Globules. 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with  >  1.1700th  part  of 

colouring  matter,  .     j        an  inch. 

Eller,  ....        1.1930 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with-  )  . 


out  colouring  matter, 
Mttller, 
Mandl,         .        .       . 


►  1.2000 

1.2300  to  1.35W 
1.2625  to  LS1M 


GLOBULE 


4M 


GL08SOGRAPHY 


Hodgkin,  Lister,  tad  Rudolphi,  1.S000 

SprengeL     ....  1.3000  to  1.3500 

Grotto,       ....  1.3000  to  1.4000 

Donne/       ....  1.3150  to  1.3280 

Jurin  ud  Gulliver,      .        .  1.3240 

Blumenbach  a&d  Wnao,      •  1.3330 

Tabor,  ....  1.3600 

Milne  Edwards,  .        .       .  1.3900 

Wagner,       ....  1.4000 

Kater,         ....  1.4000  to  1.6000 

Prevost  and  Dumas,    .        .  1.4056 

Haller,  Wollaston,  and  Weber,  1.6000 

Young,        ....  1.6060 

GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — g.  du  Sang,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

GLOBULES,  GANGLION,  see  Neurine— g. 
Chyle,  see  Chyle  —  g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  g. 
Milk,  see  Milk — g.  Mucous,  see  Mucus — g.  Pus, 
tee  Pus — g.  Pyoid,  see  Pus. 

GLOBULI  ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see 
Acinus — g.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood — g. 
Tartari  martiales,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — g.  Tar- 
trates ferri  et  lixiviae,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

GLOB'ULIN,  Glob'uline,  Blood  ca'sein.  The 
colourless  substance  that  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  principle. 
The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part  of 
their  contents  that  remains  oiler  the  extraction 
of  the  h&matin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as  identi- 
cal with  albumen ;  and,  according  to  Mulder,  it 
belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein. 

The  term  globulin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne*  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to  the 
chyle,  which  are  observable  in  the  blood  with  the 
microscope.  They  are  small  white  roundish,  iso- 
lated or  irregularly  agglomerated  grains ;  of  about 
the  1-300  of  a  millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  re- 
garded by  M.  Donne*  as  the  first  elements  of  the 
blood  globules.  They  are  the  white  granulated 
corpuscle*  of  Mandl. 

GLOBULUS  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid  valves 
— g.  Nasi,  see  Nasus — g.  Sanguineus,  Punctum 
saliens — g.  Stapedis  Oasis,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS,  Xodus  Huster>icus, 
An'gonl,  Anad'roml.  A  sensation,  experienced 
by  hysterical  persons,  as  if  a  round  body  were 
rising  from  the  abdomen  towards  the  larynx,  and 
producing  a  sonse  of  suffocation. 

Globus  Major,  see  Epididymis  —  g.  Minor, 
gee  Epididymis  —  g.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Globus  Uteri'nus.  A  term  applied  by  accou- 
cheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the  uterus 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  immediately 
alter  delivory. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

GLOM'ERULE,  Glomerulus;  from  glomus,  'a 
clew  of  thread/  A  ball  or  clew,  formed  by  an 
agglomeration  of  vessels;  as  OlotneruU  of  Malpi- 
ghi  ;  see  Corpora  Malpighiana. 

GLOSSA,  Glotta,  'the  tongue/  The  power  of 
speech.    Speech.    Hence:  ' 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalgia. 

GLOSSAL'GIA,  Glos'sagra,  from  yXwroa,  'the 
tongue,'  and  aXyot,  '  pain/    Pain  in  the  tongue. 

GLOSSANIS'CHUM,  Glossanoeh'eue,  Qlo-an'- 
oekum,  from  yXuxraa,  'tongue/  and  avt\uv,  'to 
hold  up.'  An  instrument  for  holding  up  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSANOCHEUS,  Glossanischum. 

GI4OSSANOCHUM,  Glossanischum. 

QLOSSAN'THRAX,  Pcstisglossan'thrax,  from 
y)mm,  '  the  tongue/  and  avSpal-,  '  a  carbuncle/ 
Carbuncle  of  the  tongue.  A  disease  more  common 
fat  cattle  than  in  man. 


GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC,  Gloeeepigloftteue.  Re- 
lating to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis,  as  Ligamen*- 
tum  glossepiglott'icum, 
GLOSSIANUS,  Lingual  muscle. 
GLOSSI'TIS,  from  yXmeva,  'the  tongue/  and 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Glosson'eue 
inflammato'rius,  Angi'na  lingua' ria  sen  lingua' - 
lis,  In/lamma'tio  Lingua,  Inflammation  o/the 
tongue,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Langue.  When 
confined  to  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  of  slight 
importance.  That  which  affects  the  whole  of  the 
tongue  is  a  serious  disease,  and  requires  the  vigo- 
rous use  of  antiphlogistics.    It  is  rare. 

GLOSSOC'ACE,  from  yh*e*a,  'the  tongue/  and 
Kaxoi,  'evil/  Ulceration  of  the  tongue,  with 
symptoms  of  adynamic  fever. 

GLOSSOCARCINO'MA,  GlossosciSrhus,  Car- 
eino'ma  Lingua,  from  yXwcea,  '  the  tongue,'  and 
KapKtwpa,  'cancer/    Cancer  of  the  tongue. 

G  L  O  S  S  0  CAT'O  C  H  U  S,  Glossocatfochi,  from 
y\u>aea,  'the  tongue/ and  icarcx*,  'I  arrest.'  iin- 
gua  Detcn'tor,  Spee'ulum  Oris,  (F.)  Abaisseur  de 
la  langue.  An  instrument,  the  invention  of  whioh 
is  attributed  to  Paulus  of  Jigina,  and  which  was 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  exa- 
mine diseases  of  the  fauces.  It  was  oomposed 
of  two  bran  ones ;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  extre- 
mity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue ;  whilst 
the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  was  applied 
under  the  chin.  The  finger,  or  the  handle  of  a 
spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  now  alone  used  in  similar 
cases.    See  Catagoglossum. 

GLOSSOCE'LE,  from  yXmawa,  'the  tongue/ 
and  win,  'hernia,'  'tumour/  Hernia  of  the 
Tongue,  Paraglos'ti,  Prolap'sue  lingua,  Gloseo- 
megis'tus,  Glossopto'sis.  Projection  of  the  tongue 
from  the  mouth.  It  depends,  generally,  on  an 
inflammatory  swelling  of  the  organ.  At  times, 
however,  a  chronic  glossoeele,  or  sort  of  o&dema- 
tous  engorgement,  is  met  with ;  which  proceeds 
to  a  great  length,  and  deforms  the  dental  arches, 
the  lips,  Ac.  Inflammatory  glossoeele  must  be 
combated  by  antiphlogistics.  In  the  oedematous 
kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  excessive 
salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid  may  be  pressed 
back  by  the  hand  of  the  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth;  and  it  may  be  kept 
there  by  a  pieoe  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 
GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 
GLOSSOC'OMON,  Glossoc'omum,  Glossoeomi'- 
on,  from  yXtswea,  'the  tongue/  and  Kftcivo,  'to 
guard/  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  a  small 
case  for  holding  the  tongues  of  their  wind-instru- 
ments. By  extension,  it  was  applied  to  the  box 
or  cradle  in  which  fractured  limbs  were  kept.  We 
find,  in  the  ancient  writers,  a  Glossoeomon  of  Hip- 
pocrates, of  Nymphodorus,  Galen,  Ac. 
GLOSSODESMUS,  Fronum  linguae. 
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis.  Some  anato- 
mists have  so  denominated  certain  fleshy  fibres, 
which  pass  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  towards 
the  epiglottis.  These  muscles  are  more  evident 
in  some  of  the  mammalia  than  in  man;  and  their 
use  seems  to  be, — to  raise  the  epiglottis,  and  to 
remove  it  farther  from  the  glottis.  Santorini, 
who  described  them  after  Eustachius,  calls  thorn 
Betracto'ree  Epiglot'tidie. 

GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC  LIG'AMENTS, 
Frana  epiglot'tidis.  Three  folds  of  mucous  mem- 
brane, which  connect  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
epiglottis  with  the  root  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOG'RAPH  Y,  Gloseogra'phia,  from  ylme- 
oa,  '  the  tongue/  and  ypaf  n,  '  a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  tongue. 


GLOSSO-HYAL 


410 


GLUTEAL 


GLOSSO-HYAL.  A  name  given,  by  Geoffroy 
Baint-Hilaire,  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the  os 
hyoide8. 

GLOSSOL'OGY,  Glo9sologf'ia,  from  y\wcva, 
*  the  tongue/  and  loyos,  '  a  treatise/  '  a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOL'YSIS,  Glouople'gia,  Parol' yi*  Un- 
gues, P.  Ncrvi  hypoglotei,  from  y\*cca,  'the 
tongue/  and  \wn,  '  solution.'  Paralysis  of  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSOMANTI'A,  Progno'tie  ex  lingud,  from 
yXwroa,  'the  tongue/  and  ftavrua,  'divination.' 
Prognosis  from  the  state  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMEGISTUS,  Glossocele,  Paraglosse. 

GLOSSON'CUS,  from  y<*\ooa,  'the  tongue/ and 
pyxof,  'tumour/  Exonco'sis  lingua.  Swelling 
of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSONCUS  IsTLAMMATORIUS,  GlOBSitU. 

GLOSSO-PALATINUS,  Glosso-staphylinus— 
g.  Pharyngeal,  Pharyngo-glossal. 

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL,  Glosso-pharyngeus 
— g.  p.  Nerve,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve. 

GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS,  Gloeeo-pharyngeal, 
from  yXuroa,  '  the  tongue/  and  QapvyZ,  '  the  pha- 
rynx. Belonging  to  the  tongue  and  pharynx. 
Some  anatomists  thus  designate  certain  fleshy 
bundles,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  parts  of  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  and  are  inserted  into  the  pa- 
rietes  of  the  pharynx.  They  form  part  of  the 
eonstrictor  pharyngis  superior. 

GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolysis. 

GLOSSOPTOSIS,  Glossocele. 

GLOSSOSCIRRHUS,  Glossooarcinoma. 

GLOSSOSCOP'IA,  from  yXiaooa,  'the  tongue/ 
and  mrorcw,  '  I  view/  Inspection  of  the  tongue 
as  an  index  of  disease. 

GLOSSOSPAS'MUS,  Gloseoco'ma,  Spawn* 
lin'gua,  from  yXtovva,  'the  tongue/  and  evaepos, 
'spasm.'    Cramp  or  spasm  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSPA'THA,  Spafula  pro  orl,  from 
yXtoaca,  'the  tongue/  and  onaBn,  'spatula.'  A 
spatula  for  pressing  down  the  tongue  to  enable 
the  fauces  to  be  examined. 

GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  from  vXtwnro,  'the 
tongue/  and  vra<f>v\ri,  '  the  uvula.'  ulottopalati'- 
nue,  Pala'to-glo««u«,  Constric'tor  Itthmi Fau'cium. 
A  small,  thin,  narrow,  and  long  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  is  insert- 
ed at  the  inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  velum 
palati,  in  the  anterior  pillar  of  which  it  is  situate. 
Its  use  is  to  contract  the  isthmus  faucium,  by  de- 
pressing the  venum  palati,  and  raising  the  base 
of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTERE'SIS,  Lingua  extirpa'tio,  from 
y\<*vca,  'the  tongue/  and  vrtpnvts,  'privation.' 
Extirpation  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTROPH'IA,  from  y\u<rva,  'tongue/ 
and  <rrpt<pw,  '  I  turn/  Doubling  of  the  point  of 
the  tongue  upwards  and  backwards,  —  said  to 
have  been  a  mode  of  suicide.  (?) 

GLOSSOT'OMY,  Glouotom'ia,  from  yXutraa, 
'  the  tongue/  and  Tipvtiv, '  to  cut.'  Dissection  of 
the  tongue.  Amputation  of  the  tongue. 
.  GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA,  from  yXueca,  'the 
tongue/  'vrcp,  'over/  and  rpapctv,  'to  nourish/ 
Hypertrophy  or  super  nutrition  of  the  tongue. 

GLOTTA,  Glossa,  Tongue. 

GLOTTIS,  yXwrrif,  (also,  the  mouth-piece  of  a 
flute/)  Lig'ula.  A  small  oblong  aperture,  in  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  chorda  vacate*.  It  is 
narrow,  anteriorly;  wider,  posteriorly;  and  is  ca- 
pable of  being  modified  by  muscular  contraction, 
as  may  be  required  by  the  voice.  It  is  by  the 
chorda)  rocales.  that  voice  is  produced.     The 


glottis  is  nearly  an  inch  long  in  the  adult  i 
less  in  the  female  and  child. 

Glottie  is,  by  some,  used  synonymously  with 
ventricle  of  the  larynx :  with  others,  it  includes 
the  whole  of  the  larynx. 

Glottis,  Lips  or  the,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments. 

GLOUGLOU  J/UNE  BOUTEILLE,  Gurg- 
ling. 

QL  0  UTER  ON,  Arctium  Lappa— g.  Petit,  Xan- 
thium. 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  extimns, 
Gluteus  maximus — g.  Secundus  et  medius,  Glu- 
teus medius — g.  Tertius  et  intimus,  Gluteus  mi- 
nimus. 

GLOUTON,  Glutton. 

GLOW  WORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUANT,  Glutinous. 

GLUCOSE,  from  yXvKvt, '  sweet'  Grape  *ugnr, 
Fruit  eugar,  Starch  tugar,  Diabetic  eugar,  Barney 
eugar.  A  variety  of  sugar,  that  occurs  naturally 
in  many  vegetable  juices,  and  in  honey.  Com- 
pared with  cane  sugar,  it  is  much  lees  soluble  in 
water,  and  less  disposed  to  crystallise ;  and,  when 
injected  into  the  blood-vessels,  does  not  pass  off 
to  the  like  extent  by  the  kidneys. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE  JJONE,  Osteocolla. 

GLUE  FISH,  Ichthyocolla. 

GLUTEUS  MAGNUS,  G.  major  — g.  Major, 
G.  Maximus. 

Gluteus  Max'imus,  Gluta'u*  major,  Maxi- 
mus et  ex'timus  glou'tiue,  G.  magnue,  Uio-eacro- 
flmoral;  Sacro-fSmoral,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Mv§clc  grand 
fetmier.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and  quadri- 
lateral ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the  ilium  com- 
prised between  the  crista  and  the  upper  curved 
line,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  coc- 
cyx, and  great  sacro-sciatic  ligament ;  and  below, 
it  terminates  by  a  broad  aponeurosis,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  rugged  surface  that  descends 
from  the  trochanter  major  to  the  linea  aspera  of 
the  femur.  This  muscle  extends  the  thigh  on  the 
pelvis,  and  rotates  the  thigh  outwards.  It  is 
greatly  concerned  in  station  and  progression. 

GLUTiC'rs  Me'dius,  Glou'tim  Sccun'duett  M€- 
dine,  (F.)  Wo-trochanttrien  :  Grand  Ilio-troekan- 
tirien,  (Ch.,)  Moyen  Fetiier.  This  muscle  is  si- 
tuato  in  part  beneath  the  preceding ;  it  is  broad, 
very  thick,  radiated,  and  triangular;  attached, 
above,  to  the  crista  ilii,  and  to  the  part  of  the 
outer  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  between  the 
three  anterior  fourths  of  its  crista,  its  upper 
curved  line,  and  its  lower;  and  below,  it  ends  by 
a  tendon,  inserted  at  the  upper  edge  of  the  great 
trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the  thigh ;  but 
can  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  inwards,  accord- 
ing as  its  posterior  or  inferior  fibres  are  thrown 
separately  into  contraction. 

Glutje'us  Miif'iiru  8,  Gluta'm  minor,  Mo-ischii- 
troehantSrien,  Ter'tiue  et  Jn'timua  Glou'tiue  (F.) 
Petit  Fewer  /  —  Petit  Mo-trochanlfrien  (Ch.) 
This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  preced- 
ing, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated  fibres. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  os  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved  line  to  the 
acetabulum ;  and,  below,  is  inserted  into  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  has  the 
same  uses  as  the  preceding. 

Gluteus  Minor,  G.  minimus. 

GLU'TEAL,  Glou'tiue,  Glut  a' u*,  from  ylevrar, 
'the  nates/  or  'buttocks.'  (F.)  Fewer.  Thai 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  nates.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  many  parts  which  compose  the 
nates. 


GLUTEN 


411 


GOACONAX 


Gluteal  Aponeurosis.  The  tipper  and  back 
part  of  the  femoral  fascia.  In  it  is  a  remarkable 
opening,  called  the  gluteal  arch,  for  the  passage 
of  the  gluteal  vesselifcnd  nerves. 

Gluteal  Arch,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis. 

Gluteal  Artery,  Posterior  JL'iac  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  fessiere,  is  one  of  the  largest  branches 
of  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  upper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen ;  gains  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
said  divides  into  two  branches ;  —  the  one  super- 
ficial, the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdivides 
into  three  secondary  branches,  whose  ramifica- 
tions are  distributed  particularly  to  the  Glutei, 
Longissimus  Dor  si,  Sacro-lumbalis,  Ac.,  and  anas- 
tomose with  the  sciatic  and  internal  circumflex 
arteries. 

Gluteal  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Fessier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  5th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  glutei 
muscles. 

Gluteal  Vent,  (F.)  Veine  fessilre,  follows  the 
same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEN,  Glu'tinum,  Lentor,  'glue,  paste.' 
Veg"etable  Gluten,  Veg"etable  Ca'sein.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  soft,  of  a 
grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and  very  elastic. 
Exposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes  hard,  brown,  and 
fragile ;  and,  in  moist  air,  putrefies.  Water  and 
alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it.  It  is  soluble  in  vege- 
table, and  in  weak  mineral  acids,  at  a  high  tem- 
perature. The  farinse,  in  which  it  is  found,  are 
those  preferred  for  the  preparation  of  bread ;  on 
account  of  the  property  it  has  of  making  the 
paste  rise.  It  is  a  compound  of  protein,  and 
hence  has  been  ranged  amongst  the  "proteina- 
eeous  alimentary  principle*"  by  Dr.  Pereira.  By 
washing  wh eaten  dough  with  a  stream  of  water, 
the  gum,  sugar,  starch  and  vegetable  albumens 
are  removed :  the  ductile,  tenacious,  elastic,  gray 
mass  left  is  the  gluten,  common  gluten,  Beccaria's 
gluten.  Pure  gluten  is  the  soluble  portion  on 
boiling  common  gluten  in  alcohol. 

Gluten  Articulorum*  Synovia. — g.  Beccaria's, 
see  Gluten  —  g.  Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten  —  g. 
Common,  sec  Gluten — g.  Pure,  see  Gluten. 

GLUTI,  Nates. 

GLUTIA,  Nate 8,  Quadrigemina  corpora 

GLUTINANS,  Agglutinant 

GLUTINATJF,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIO,  Agglutination. 

GLUTINEUX,  Glutinous. 

GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'sus,  Collo'des,  from 
gluten,  'paste,  glue/  (F.)  Glutineux,  Gluant. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn,  arc 
said  to  be  glutinous. 

GLUTINUM,  Gluten. 

GLUTOI,  Nates. 

GLUTTON,  same  etymon  as  the  next  Gas- 
trimar'gus,  Hel'luo,  Mando,  Gulo'sus,  Lurco,  (F.) 
Glouton,  Gourmand,  Goulu.    An  excessive  eater. 

GLUT'TON  Y,  from  glutio,  '  I  swallow/  ghtttua, 
'the  gullet'  Li  mo' sis  HeUuo'num,  Gastris'mus, 
(F.)  Gourmandiee.  Excessive  appetite,  owing 
often  to  habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTUS,  (Esophagus. 

GLUTUS,  Trochanter  major. 

GLYCANSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'MA,  from  yXvievt,  '  sweet*  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must — Linden. 

GLYCERATON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIN,  see  Fat 

GLYCIPICROS,  Solannm  dulcamara. 

4LYCISIDE,  Pffionia. 


GLYCYPHYTON,  Glycyrrhiia. 

GLYCYRRHI'ZA,  from  y>i;««*,  'sweet,'  and 
pifyt,  'a  root'  Glycyrrhi'za  Glabra  sea  L<tvi», 
Liquorit"ia  Scyth'ica,  Giycera'ton,  Glycyph'yton, 
Liq'uorice,  Lic'oriee,  Adip'sos.  Ahacas,  AVimos, 
(F.)  Riglisee.  Ord.  Leguminoso?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  southern 
European  plant  is  inodorous ;  has  a  sweet  taste ; 
is  mucilaginous;  and  leaves,  when  unpeeled,  a 
degree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It  is  used  as 
a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh.  The  extract, 
made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops,  is  known 
under  the  name  Spanish  Liquorice  or  liquorice 
Juice,  (F.)  Jus  de  kiglisse. 

Pectoral  Balsam  of  Liquorice — a  quack  prepa- 
ration— is  said  by  I>r.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixir,  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed. 

GLYCYRRH<E'A,  from  yWv*  'sweet,'  and 
pm,  'I  flow/  A  discharge  of  saccharine  fluid 
from  the  system. 

Glycyrrh<ea  Urinosa..  Diabetes  mellitns. 

GLYSTER  HERBS,  ITerba:  pro  Enem'ate\ 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apothe- 
cary under  this  title,  are  :  —  mallow  haves,  one 
part;  chamomile  flowers,  one  part  (%'isb  to  Qj 
of  water.) 

GNAMPSIS,  Curvature. 

GNAPHALIUM  DIOICUM,  Antennaria 
dioica. 

Gnaphalitjm  Margarita'ceum;  Cudweed,  Life 
everlasting.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in 
woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  August  Its 
virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same  may  bo 
said  of 

GirAPHALiuii  Polyceph'alum  ;  Sweet-scented 
Life  everlasting. 

GNATHALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxillaris. 

GNATHANCYLO'SIS,  from  yvaQos,  'the  jaw/ 
and  ayxvXiams,  'stiffness  of  joint/  Ancylosis  of 
the  lower  jaw. 

GNATHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  gena,  from  yvaOet, 
'  the  cheek,  the  jaw/  Inflammation  of  the  cheek 
or  upper  jaw. 

GNATHMUS,  Gnathus. 

GNATHOCEPH'ALUS,  from  yvados,  'the  jaw,' 
and  Ktipa\*i,  '  head/  A  monster  who  has  no  head 
visible  externally,  but  exhibits  voluminous  jaws. 
— G.  St  Hilairo. 

GNATHOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

GNATHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxil- 
laris. " 

GNATHOPLAS'TICE,  from  vvaBos,  'cheek,' 
and  irAaariro?,  'formative/  The  formation  of  an 
artificial  cheek. 

GNATHOPLE'GIA,  GnathoparaVysis,  from 
yvados,  and  wXrjyii,  '  a  stroke/  Paralysis  of  the 
cheek.  Gnathoparalysis  is  employed  by  Fuchs 
to  signify  paralysis  of  the  leaser  portion  of  the 
trifacial  nerve,  which  supplies  the  muscles  of 
mastication. 

GNATHORRHAG"IA,  from  yvaOos,  and>y- 
wfit,  '  to  burst  forth/  Hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  cheek?. 

GNATHOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

GNATHUS,  Gnathmu*,  from  «a«,  'I  scrape, 
rub/  The  cheek,  the  jaw.  Al80,'the  part  of  the 
jaws  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed.— Hippomates, 
Foe'sius.     See  Bucca,  Gena,  and  Maxillary  Bone, 

GNESIOS,  Legitimate. 

GNOME,  Intellect 

GNOSIS,  yvwets,  'knowledge/  A  common 
sufilx,  as  in  Diagno'sis,  Prognosis,  Ac 

GOACONAX,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 


GOATS'  BEARD 


412 


GOMPHOSIS 


GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON,  Tragopogon. 

GOATS'  MILK,  see  Milk,  goats'  —  g.  Milk, 
artificial,  see  Milk,  goats' —  g.  Thorn,  Astragalus 
yerus.  .      . 

OOBELET  EMETIQUE,  Goblet,  emetic 

GOBLET,  EMETIC,  Poe'ulum  vmet'icum,  Ca- 
lix  vomito'ria,  (F.)  Qobelet  iinitique.  A  vessel, 
made  by  pouring  melted  antimony  into  a  mould. 
By  putting  wine  into  this  and  a/owing  it  to  stand 
some  time,  it  acquires  the  property  of  producing 
vomiting.  This  kind  of  emetic  has  been  long 
rejected,  as  the  practitioner  could  never  be  certain 
of  the  dose  he  exhibited. 

GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
T^ese  waters  at  G  odes  berg,  a  German  mile  from 
Bonn,  are  an  efficacious,  acidulous  chalybeate, 
formerly  known  by  the  name,  Draitach  Water. 
They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia, 
and  carbonate  of  iron. 

GODFREY'S  COR'DIAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum, for  which  Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following 
formula.  Infuse  Jix  of  eaeeafrae  and  of  the  seeds 
of  earraway,  coriander,  and  anise,  each  Jj,  in 
biz  pints  of  water.  Simmer  the  mizture  until  re- 
duced to  Ibiv :  then  add  Ibvj  of  treacle,  and  boil 
the  whole  for  a  few  minutes.  When  cold,  add 
3Uj  of  tincture  of  opium.  The  following  form  is 
recommended  by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia 
college  of  Pharmacy.  TincL  Opiit  Oiss ;  Syrupi 
Nigri,  Oxvj ;  Alcohol**,  Oij  ;  Aqua,  Ozzvj ;  Car- 
bonaiie  Pota&sa,  §yss;  Old  Sana/rat,  f£iv,  M. 
It  is  anodyne. 

GODRONNE,  (Cahal,)  Oana'lie  Petitia'nue, 
Churonne  ciliaire,  Canal  de  Petit,  Canal  gou- 
dronnS,  Canal  or  Bul'lular  Canal  of  Petit.  Petit 
save  this  name  (from  (F.)  godron,  'a  plait  or 
fold/)  to  the  semicircular  canal,  formed  by  the 
tunica  hyaloidea  around  the  edge  of  the  crystal- 
line ;  because  it  appears,  as  it  were,  plaited  or 
festooned. 

GOGGLE-EYE,  Strabismus. 

GOITRE,  Bronchocele  —  g.  Leaf;  see  Lami- 
naria. 

GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South  America  the 
stems  of  a  seaweed  are  so  called,  because  they 
are  chewed  by  the  inhabitants  where  goitre  pre- 
vails.— Royle. 

GOIT'ROUS,  (F.)  Gottreux.    Relating  or  ap- 

Snrtaining  to  goitre.  One  affected  by  Goitre  or 
ronchocele, —  Goitred. 

GOLD,  Aurum,  Ohrynoe,  Sol,  Bex  metaUo'rum, 
(F.)  Or.  A  solid,  yellow,  very  brilliant,  hard, 
very  ductile,  malleable,  tenacious,  and  heavy 
metal ;  found  in  nature,  either  in  its  native  state, 
or  combined  with  a  little  silver,  copper,  or  iron. 
S.  g.  19-25. 

Muriate  of  Gold,  Chloride  of  Gold,  Auri  Chlo'- 
ridum,  A.  Terchlo'ridum,  A.  Mu'riae,  A.  Chloru- 
re'tum, Aurum  Muriat'icum,A.Chlora'tum,  A.  Oxy- 
dula'tum  muriat'icum,  A.  Sali'tum,  (F.)  Chlorure 
d'or,  Muriate  d'or,  Hydro-chlorate  a'or  has  been 
admitted  into  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  and  into  that  of  Paris,  Ac.  The  formulae, 
however,  differ.  That  of  the  United  States  is  a 
muriate  with  two  bases ;  and  is  prepared,  accor- 
ding to  the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving 
the  gold  in  a  miztnre  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
and  adding  chloride  of  sodium  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation j  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  Muriate  d'or,  Muriae  seu  Chlorure'tum 
Auri,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisyphilitio  in  old,  re- 
bellious, venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and  in  ve- 
nereal, scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular  enlarge- 
ments.   1/oae,  gr.  l-8th  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed  on  the 


tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-sixteenth  of  a 
grain,  in  pill. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cy'anide  or 
Tercy'anide,  (Auri  CyanHdum,  A.  Cvanure'tum, 
A.  Tercyan'idum,  (F.)  Oyanure  d'or;)  the  metal- 
lie  gold  in  a  state  of  division  (Aurum  metal'licum, 
Pulvie  Auri,  (F.)  Or  divisi,)  obtained  by  amal- 
gamating gold  with  mercury  and  driving  die 
latter  off  by  heat;  and  in  the  form  of  filings  (Au- 
rum lima' turn;  the  Chloride  of  Gold  and  Sodium, 
(Aurum  muriat'icum  natrona' turn,  A.  muriat'icum, 
A.  chlora'tum  natro'natum,  Chlore'tum  Au'ricum 
Chlore'to  na'trii,  Mu'riae  Au'rico-na'tricum, 
Chlorure'tum  auri  et  natrii,  So'dii  auro-terchlo'- 
ridum,  Hydrochlorate  or  muriate  of  Gold  and 
Soda,  (F.)  Chlorure  ePor  et  de  Sodium,  Hydro- 
chlorate  ou  muriate  d'or  et  de  Soude;  the  Nitro- 
muriate  of  Gold,  (Auntm  Nitrico-muriat'icum, 
Auri  nitromu'riat,  (F.)  Nitromuriate  d'or;)  the 
Oxide  of  Gold,  (Auri  Ox'idum,  Aurum  Oxida*- 
turn,  Auri  terox'idum,  Perox'ide  of  gold,  Auric 
acid,  (F.)  Oxide  a?or);  and  the  Iodide  of  Gold, 
(Auri  lo'didum,  A.  Iodure'tum,  (F.)  Jodure  d?ort) 
have  been  employed  in  the  like  affections,  and 
with  similar  results. 

Gold-Beater's  Ski*.  The  intestina  recta  of 
the  oz,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth,  for 
the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as  a  defen- 
sive dressing  for  slight  cuts,  Ac. 

Gold,  Chloride  of,  see  Gold — g.  Cyanide  of, 
see  Gold — g.  Hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Gold  —  g.  Muriate  of,  see  Gold — g. 
Nitro-muriate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold 
— g.  Perozide  of,  see  Gold — g.  Tercyanide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Sodium,  Chloride  of  oxide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Soda,  hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold— 
g.  and  Soda,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

Gold  Leaf,  Aurum  folia' turn,  Aurum  in  libel'- 
lie.    Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  plug  carious  teeth. 

Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 

GOLDEN  ROD,  Solidago  virgaurea  —  g.  r. 
Rigid,  Solidago  rigida  —  g.  Seal,  see  Calumba, 
Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

GOLDENS,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

GOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit 

GOLFE,  Sinus — g.  de  la  Veine  jugulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GOLUNCHA,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMME,  Gumma,  Gummi — g.  Adragant,  Tra- 
gacanth  —  g.  Ammoniaque,  Ammoniac  gum— >g. 
Arabiqne,  Acacias  gummi — g.  AatringenU  de 
Gambie,  see  Bute  a  frondosa — g.  Caragne,  Ca- 
ranna — g.  Carane,  Cor  anna— g.  de  Gatae,  Guaia- 
cum — g.  Gutte,  Cambogia — g.  de  Lierre,  see  He- 
dera  helix — g.  du  Pays,  Gummi  nostras — g.  St- 
raphique,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  GomphiaSmu*,  from  yope+f, 
'a  nail/  A  disease  of  the  teeth,  and  particularly  of 
the  molares;  looseness  of  the  teeth  in  their  sockets. 
Agomphia'eis.    Pain  in  the  teeth.    Odontalgia. 

GOMPHIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHIOI,  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPHOCAR'PUS  CRISPUS.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  root  of  which,  formerly  known 
to  the  Dutch  apothecaries  as  Radix  Aaclepiadi* 
criepa,  is  extremely  bitter  and  acrid;  and,  on 
account  of  its  diuretic  virtues,  a  decoction  or  in- 
fusion of  it  has  been  advised  in  various  kinds  of 
dropsy.  A  tincture  of  it  is  said  to  be  valuable 
in  colic 

GOMPHOMA,  Gomphosis. 

GOMPHO'SIS,  Cardinamen'tum,  Claea'tio, 
Gompho'ma,  Coagmenta'tio,  Inclava'tio,  from  y«p- 
Qos,  'a  nail.'  Engompho'eie.  An  immovable  ar- 
ticulation, in  which  one  bone  is  received  into 
another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole.  Gom- 
phosis is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations  of  the 


GOMPHUS 


418 


QONORRHCEA 


teeth  with  the  alveoli  It  is,  also,  ceiled  Articu- 
lation par  implantation. 

GOMPHUS,  Clavus. 

GONACRASIA,  Spermatorrhea*. 

GONACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GON'AGftA,  Gonyagra,  from  yew,  'the  knee/ 
and  aye*,  'a  prey/  "  That  which  attacks  the  knees." 
Gout  in  the  knees.    Paracelsus  calls  it  Gen'ugra. 

GONAL'GIA,  from  yew,  'the  knee/  and  akyot, 
1  pain/  Pain  in  the  knee.  Gonyal'gia.  This  is 
almost  always,  produced  by  gout.  It  may,  how- 
ever, depend  on  some  other  disease,  either  of  the 
knee  or  of  another  part— particularly  of  the  hip- 
joint 

GONARTHRI'TIS,  from  yew,  'the  knee/ 
afBaov,  'joint,'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONARTHROCACE,  Gonooaoe. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

OONDOLE  OCULAIRB,  Scaphium  oeulare. 

GONDRET'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC, 
Pommade  de  Oondret — g.  Counter-irritant,  Pom- 
made  de  Oondret. 

GONE,  Gonoe,  Genitu'ra.    The  semen;  (hence, 

Snorrhoea) — the  uterus,  offspring.  Hippocrates, 
e  Epigone  and  Generation. 

GONECYSTIDES,  Vesioula  seminales. 

GONBCYSTI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  veeicula'rum 
semina'Kum,  from  yovn,  'sperm/  merit,  'bladder/ 
and  itie,  '  denoting  inflammation/  Inflammation 
of  the  TesiculflB  seminales. 

GONEPCEUS,  Spermatopoaus. 

GONEPOIETICUS,  Spermatopoeut. 

QONFLEMENT,  Swelling. 

GONGRONA,  Bronchocele. 

GONGROPHTHISIS,  Pthiais  pulmonalis. 

GONGYLIDIUM,  Pilula. 

GONGYLION,  Pilula. 

GONGYLIS,  PUula. 

GONIOM'ETER,  Goniom'etrum  ;  from  ymna, 
'an  angle/  and  jurpov,  'a  measure.'  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  Angles. 

A  '  Facial  Goniometer*  has  been  invented  by 
Mr.  Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia,  which  is  well 
adapted  for  measuring  the  facial  angle. 

GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 

GONOC'ACfi,  Gonar throe' ad t  from  yew,  'the 
knee,'  and  koko(,  'evil/  Tumor  genu  albue. 
White  swelling  of  the  knee.    Hydrarthus. 

GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 

GONOI'DBS,  from  ywe,  'seed,'  and  uSoc,  'ap- 
pearance/ Genitu'rm  eim'ili:  Similar  to  sperm. 
Sperm' atoid,  Spermatoi'dee,  Spermato'dee.  A  term 
appropriated  to  any  substance  whioh  resembles 


GONOPOIBTICUS,  Spermetopceus. 

GONORRH&E  BjLTARDE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

GONORRHCE'A.  Erroneously  called  from 
pent,  'sperm/  and  peat, '  I  flow/  because  the  older 
writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen.  Blen- 
norrhag"ia,  Blennorrhea,  Blennure'thria,  PhaU 
iorrhce'a,  Me&orrhafa,  M.viri'lu,  Catar'rhue  Go- 
norrhoea, C.  ure'tkr*,  Urethri'tie,  Injlamma'tio 
mre'thra,  Urethral' gia,  Proflu'vium  muco'tum 
wrefikret,  Blennorrhea  urethra' lie,  Oatarrhu*  ure- 
thra'lit  t  (P.)  llcoulement,  Urtthrite,  Uritrite.  An 
Inflammatory  discharge  of  mucus  from  the  mem- 
brane of  the  urethra  in  both  sexes j  and  from  that 
of  the  prepuce  in  man,  and  the  vagina  in  woman. 
It  may  be  excited  spontaneously,  or  by  irritants 
applied  directly  to  the  membrane ;  bat  U,  usually, 
produced  by  impure  connexion.  Two  great  va- 
rieties have  been  generally  reokoned. — I.  Gonor- 
rhoea Pura  vbl  Benio'na.  That  which  does 
aot  follow  an  impure  oonnexion ;  (F.)  Echauffe- 


ment,  Blennorrhag"ia  benigna,  Caulorrkm'm 
benia'na,  Catar'rhue  Ure'thra,  Gonorrhoea  eo> 
tarrha'lie,  G.  non  contagiosa  :  —  and  2.  Gonor- 
rhoea Ihpu'ra,  malig'na,  contagiosa,  syphilitica, 
et  virulen'ta ;  Fluor  alone  malig'nue,  Fluxueve- 
ne'reue,  Blennorrhea  luo'dee,  Myxio'eie,  Lute 
gonorrho'ica,  Seroph'uUB  gonorrho'ica,  Tuber*- 
cula  gonorrho'ica,  Clap,  (P.)  Chaudepieeej  that 
which  is  the  result  of  impure  commerce.  The 
French,  also,  distinguish  the  Chaudepieee  elchey 
or  that  unaccompanied  with  discharge ;  and  tho 
Chaudepitee  ehordSe,  Gonnorrhcca  corda'ta,  or 
that  accompanied  with  chordee,  and  whioh,  of 
course,  occurs  only  in  the  male.  It  is  the  kind 
that  most  frequently  engages  the  attention  of 
the  practitioner,  and  is  characterized  by  mucous 
discharge  from  the  urethra  or  vagina,  intermixed 
with  specific  matter,  and  accompanied  by  burn- 
ing pain  on  micturition.  It  is  decidedly  infec- 
tious. It  is,  however,  a  distinct  disease  from 
syphilis,  and  never  produces  it.  Its  duration  is 
various,  but  the  inflammatory  symptoms  usually 
subside  in  four  or  five  weeks j  leaving  generally 
behind  more  or  less  of  the  gonorrhoea  mucosa  or 
gleet.  Gonorrhoea  of  every  kind,  attended  with 
any  inflammatory  symptoms,  is  best  troated  by 
the  antiphlogistic  regimen ;  avoiding  every  kind 
of  irritation,  and  keeping  the  body  cool  by  small 
doses  of  salts,  and  the  urine  diluted  by  the  mild- 
est fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms 
have  subsided,  cubebs,  or  the  balsam  of  copaiba, 
exhibited  in  the  dose  of  a  teaepoonful,  three  timos 
a  day,  will  be  found  effectual :  indeed,  daring  the 
existence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it  often 
affords  decided  relief.  Injections  are  rarely  re- 
quired. 

Sometimes,  gonorrhoea  affects  the  glans ;  when 
it  Is  called  Gonorrhaa  Spu'ria,  G.  Bal'ani,  Ba- 
lanobUnnorrhos'a,  Balannorrhce'a,  Balani'tis, 
Blennorrhag"ia  epu'ria  vel  notha,  (F.)  Blennor- 
rhagie  du  gland,  Gonorrhie  bdtarde,  Faueee  BUn- 
norrhagie.  It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cool- 
ing lotions. 

Some  other  varieties  of  gonorrhoea  have  been 
enumerated,  but  they  are  of  little  moment. 

In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor- 
rhoea, or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 
tack, it  not  unfreqnently  happens,  as  already  re- 
marked, that  a  constant,  small  discharge  occurs, 
or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  infection 
is  removed.  The  great  difference  between  it  and 
gonorrhoea  is,  that  it  is  nninfectious.  The  dis- 
charge consists  of  globular  particles,  contained 
in  a  slimy  mucus,  and  is  generally  devoid  of  that 
yellow  colour  which  characterizes  the  discharge 
of  gonorrhoea  virulenta.  It  is  unattended  with 
pain,  scalding,  Ac.  To  this  state  the  names 
Gleet,  Gonorrhoea  mueo'ta,  Blennorrhce'a  cAron'- 
ica,  Blennorrhea,  Ac,  have  been  given.  It  is 
oommonly  a  disease  of  some  duration,  and  de- 
mands the  use  of  the  copaiba,  astringent  injec- 
tions ;  and,  if  obstinate,  the  introduction  of  the 
bougie. 

Gonorrhoea  Balani,  G.  spuria — g.  Benigna, 
Lencorrhosa — g.  Catarrhalis,  G.  pura — g.  Chor- 
data,  Chordee. 

Gonorrhcba  Dorhtkn'ttuv,  Q.  Oneirog'onos. 
The  seminal  discharge  which  occurs  during  sleep, 
and  is  occasioned  by  libidinous  dreams.  See  Pol- 
lution. 

Gonorrhoea  Laxo'rux,  G.  libidino'ea,  Sper- 
morrhce'a  aton'ica,  consists  of  a  pellucid  discharge 
from  the  urethra,  whilst  awake,  without  erection 
of  the  penis,  but  with  venereal  thoughts. 

Gonorrhoea  Laxoruv,  Pollution,  G.  libidinosej 
— g.  Mucosa,  (gleet,)  see  Gonorrhoea — g.  Noncon- 
tagiosa,  G,  pura — g.  Notha  inveterate  Leueor- 


GONOS 


414 


GOUT 


m -g.  Oncirogonos,  G.  dormientium,  Pollu- 
tion—g-  Vera,  Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea. 
GONOS,  Gone. 

GONOSTROMA,  Proligerous  disc. 
GONY,  yow,  Genu,  '  the  knee  -,'  henoe : 
GONYAGRA,  (Jonagra. 
GONYALGIA,  Goualgia, 
GONYC'ROTUS,  from  yon,  'the  knee/  and 
ffporcw,  '  I  strike.'     One  who  ia  knock-kneed,  or 
in-kneed.    See  Entogonyancon. 

GONYON'CUS,  from  yow,  'the  knee/  and 
cyitof,  '  a  tumour.'    A  swelling  of  the  knee. 

GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tueea'ca  reti- 
cular to,  Satyr1 turn,  Ncott'ia,  Rattlesnake  leaf, 
Rattlesnake Plantain,  Nettcort,  Netleaf,  Scrofula 
weed.  An  indigenous  plant,  used  empirically  in 
scrofula — the  fresh  leaves  being  applied  to  the 
■ores.    It  is  employed  by  the  Indians. 

GOOSEFOOT,  Ghenopodium  anthelminticam 
—  g.  Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium  bonus  Hen- 
ri0U8 — g.  Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 
GOOSEGRASS,  Galium  aparine,  G.  verum. 
UOOSESHARE,  Galium  aparine. 
GOOSESKIN,  Horrida  cutis. 
GORDIUS  MEDINENSIS,  Dracunculu*. 
GORGE,  Throat—gr.  Groeee,  Bronchocele — g. 
Mai  de,  Cynauche. 

GORGE  RET,  Gorget—^.  Lithotome,  Gorget, 
lithotomy — g.  &  Reponenoir,  see  Gorget. 

GORGET,  from  (F.)  gorge,  'the  throat'  Ca- 
na'lis  canal  iculn'tue,  JDuctor  canalicula'tue,  (F.) 
Gorgeret.  An  instrument  representing  a  long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  is  espe- 
cially employed  in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 
and  fistula  in  ano. 

Gorget,  Cuttixq,  see  Gorget,  and  Lithotomy. 
Gorget,  Lithot'omy,  (F.)  Gorgeret  Litkotome, 
Cutting  Gorget,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 
for  the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 
prostate  and  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  so  as  to 
enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps  and 
extract  tho  stone.  At  the  end  of  this  gorget  is  a 
crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  of  the  staff, 
and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  passed  along  it 
into  the  bladder.  Besides  cutting,  there  are  also 
blunt  gorgets,  in  tended  to  be  introduced  into  the 
wound — their  concavity  serving  as  a  guide  for 
the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have  been 
made  by  Andouillet,  Bell,  Blicke,  Bromfield,  Gline, 
Desault,  Foubert,  Ilawkins,  Larrey,  Lefevre,  Mi- 
ch aelis,  Thomas,  Ac. 

Gorget  for  Fistula  in  Ano  consists  of  a 
semi-oylindricul  wooden  staff,  four  inches  long, 
without  including  the  handle,  and  furnished  with 
a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced  into  the  reo- 
tum,  to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bistoury  from 
injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  internal  orifice 
of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate,  and  it  is  desirable 
to  perform  the  operation  by  incision.  This  in- 
strument, invented  by  Marchettis,  has  been  mo- 
dified by  Percy,  Rungo,  Ac. 

Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conducting 
the  wire  by  tho  anus,  in  the  operation  for  fistula 
by  ligature.     He  called  it  Gorgeret  d  repouteoir. 
GORGO'NEI  FONTEfc?.    Fountains  described 
by  Libavius  as  containing  water  which  possessed 
a  petrifying  property;  probably,  water  holding 
in  solution  supercarh  mate  of  lime. 
GORGOSSET,  Porosis. 
Q OSIER,  Pharyn » .  Throat 
GOSSUM,  Bronel  ( «ele. 

GOSSYP'IUM,  G>  yo'twm  Herha'ceum;  Goe- 
9%p'ion  Xylon,  Xylun*,  Bombax,  Cotton,  (F.)  Co- 
ion.  Family,  Malvaceae.  Sex.  Syet.  Monadel- 
phia  Polyandria.     Tho  seeds  of  the  Cotton  Tree, 


coughs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they  contain. 
The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine  for  making 
mozas,  Ac. 

GOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOUDRON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris., 

GOUET,  Arum  maculatum. 

GOUiTRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARD'S  LOTION,  sec  Lotion,  Goulard's. 

Goulard  Water,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetati* 
dilutus. 

GOULU,  Glutton. 

GOURD,  Cucurbit*— g.  Bitter,  Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cncurbita  pepo. 

GOURD  WORM,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMANDISE,  Gluttony. 

G  OUR  ME,    Porrigo  larvalis.     Vulgarly,   in 
France,  any  cutaneous  eruption. 

GOUSSE,  Lcgumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tie,  Arth'ragra,  Arthralgia, 
Morbus  domino' rum,  Malum  articulo' rum,  Morbus 
articula'rie,  Gutta,  Arthro'eia  Pod'agra,  PodaV- 
gia,  Pod'agra,  Arthrit'icua  verue,  Arthri'tie  Pa- 
dagra,  Podagra  Arthri'tie,  Flux'io  arthrit'ica, 
Febrie  arthrit'ica,  F.  Podag'rica,  Arthrodyn'ia 
podag'rica,  Cauma  podag'ricum,  Flerecin,  Gae- 
tro-arihri'tie,  Mieopto'choe,  (F.)  Goutte.  The 
gout  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  catarrh,  and  re- 
ceived its  name  from  (F.)  goutte,  (L.)  gutta,  <a 
drop ;'  because  it  was  believed  to  be  produced  bj 
a  liquid,  which  distilled,  goutte  d  goutte,  *  drop 
by  drop,  on  the  diseased  port  This  name,  which, 
seems  to  have  been  first  used  ab6ut  the  year 
1270,  has  been  admitted  into  the  different  Ian- 
guages  of  Europe.  Gout  is  an  inflammation  of 
the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts  of  the  joints. 
It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the  great  toe; 
whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller  joints,  after 
having  produced,  or  been  attended  with,  various 
sympathetic  effects,  particularly  in  the  digestive 
organs :  after  this,  it  may  attack  the  greater  ar- 
ticulations. It  is  an  affection  which  is  extremely 
fugitive,  and  variable  in  its  recurrence.  It  may 
be  acquired  or  hereditary,  tn  the  former  case,  it 
rarely  appears  before  the  age  of  thirty-five ;  in 
the  latter,  it  is  frequently  observed  earlier.  It  is 
often  difficult  to  distinguish  it  from  rheumatism. 
A  combination  is,  indeed,  supposed  to  exist  some- 
times ;  hence  called  Rheumatic  gout.  During  the 
paroxysm  or  fit,  a  burning,  lancinating  pain  is 
experienced  in  the  affected  joint,  attended  with 
tumefaction,  tension,  and  redness.  One  or  more 
joints  may  be  attacked,  either  at  the  same  time 
or  in  succession ;  and,  in  either  case,  the  attack 
terminates  by  resolution  in  a  few  days.  This  is 
the  Arthri'tit  acu'ta,  inflammato'ria  vel  reaula1- 
rie,  Regular  gout,  Arthro'eia  pod'agra  reguia,riof 
Arth'ragra  legit' ima  seu  vera  sen  genui'na  sen 
norma' lis,  (F.)  Goutte  rtgu litre  chaude.  At  other 
times,  pains  in  the  joints  exist,  of  more  or  leas 
acute  character ;  the  swelling  being  without  red- 
ness. These  pains  persist,  augment,  and  diminish 
irregularly,  without  exhibiting  intermission,  and, 
consequently,  without  having  distinct  paroxysm*. 
The  disease  is  then  called  aton'ic,  aethen'ic,  im- 
perfect or  irregular  gout,  Chronic  G.,  Arthri'tit 
aton'ica  vel  aethen'ica,  Arthro'eia  Podagra  lar^ 
va'ta,  Dyearthri'tie.  It  is,  also,  commonly  catted 
in  France  Goutte  froide,  Goutte  blanche.  It  may 
appear  primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular 
gout. 

Gout  does  not  always  confine  itself  to  the  joints. 
It  may  attack  the  internal  organs :  when  it  ia 
called  Arthritie  aber'rane  seu  errat'ica  sen  pla- 
net'ica,  Arth'ragra  anom'ala,  Pod'agra  aberfranm9 

Vare'ni,  Wandering,  misplaced,  or  anomalous  gowt, 
(F.)  Goutte  vague. 

Ret'rograde  gout,  Arthritie  retrog'rada,  Podm 


Goeeip'ium  arbor'eum,  have  been  administered  in  |  gra  retrog'rada,  Arthro'tia  Podagra  complioa,$a9 


QOUT 


415 


GRANULATION 


Reee'dent,  miopia' ced  gout,  (F.)  Gautte  remonUe, 
0.  malplacie,  G.  rentrie,  is  when  it  leaves  the 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lung?,  brain,  Ac. 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  affect,  Podagra,  Oonagrat  m  Chiragra,  Ac. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  rise  to 
concretions,  which  are  chiefly  composed  of  urate 
of  soda.  See  Calculus,  (arthritic)  It  may,  also, 
give  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it  is  called  Ar- 
teritis nodo'sa,  (F.)  Goutte  nouie. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kind, 
and  the  local  disorder  should  be  but  little  inter- 
fered with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great  power 
over  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  Eau 
midi  finale  aVHusson,  a  celebrated  French  gout- 
remedy.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  regular  by 
rhubarb  and  magnesia;  and  a  recurrence  of  the 
disease  be  prevented  by  abstemious  habits. 

Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  pectoris. 

Gout,  Paper,  so  called,  Chart  a  antiarthrit'ica, 
Chart  a  antirhenmat'ica,  is  made  by  spreading  a 
very  thin  layer  of  a  mixture  of  an  ethereal  or 
spirituous  extract  of  the  bark  of  mezereon  root, 
with  wax,  spermaceti,  and  oil,  over  the  surface 
of  paper. 

Gout,  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g. 
Weed,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

GOUT,  Taste. 

GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta  —  g.  Blanche,  Gout 
(atonic) — g.  Froide,  Gout  (atonic) — g.  Malplacie, 
Gout  (retrograde) — g.  NouSe,  Gout  (with  nodosi- 
ties)—  g,  Rf.guliire,  chaude,  Gout  (regular)  — g. 
Remontie,  Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Rentrfe,  Gout 
(retrograde)— p.  Roue,  Gutta  rosea--?.  Sciatique, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea — g.  Sereine,  Amauro- 
sis— a.  Vague,  Gout  (wandering.) 

GOUTTE UX,  Arthritic,  Podagric. 
\  GOUTT/iliE  (F.),  Collic"i<B.  A  gutter  in  a 
bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain.  Some 
of  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate  the 
sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttiire  Bicipi- 
tal* or  Bicipital  groove.  Others,  as  the  Gout- 
tiire sagittate  or  Sagittal  groove,  lodge  blood- 
vessels and  especially  veins.  Others,  again,  are 
merely  intended  for  the  support  of  certain  organs; 
as  the  Gouttiire  basilaire  or  Bas'ilary  fossa,  which 
supports  the  medulla  oblongata. 

GOUTTIIRE  BASIL  AIRE,  see  Gouttiire— 
g.  Bicipitale,  Bicipital  groove  —  g.  Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal  groove — g.  SaorS,  Sacral  groove  — 
a.  Sagittale,  see  Gouttiire. 

GOUTY  RHEUMATISM,  see  Rheumatism, 
Mute. 

GOUVERNAIL  DU  TESTWULE,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  seo  Lotion,  Gow- 
land's. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. . 

GRACILARIA  LICHENOIDES,  Fucus  amy- 
Laceus. 

GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tus.  Slender, 
lean.  Also,  the  slender  Rectus  inte'rior  fem'oris 
BJlve  Grac"ilin  interior,  Sous-pubio-cre'ti-tibial, 
Sous-pubio-pritibial  (Ch.),  Droit  ou  grile  interne 
de  la  euisse.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inside 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin  and  very  long;  and 
arises  from  the  descending  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
to  be  inserted  at  the  inner  and  inferior  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  It  bends  the  leg  and 
causes  abduotion  of  tho  thigh.     See  Grile. 

Gracilis,  Anterior,  Rectus  femoris. 

GRAD'UATE,  Gradua'tus,  from  gradus,  'a 
atop,'  'a  degree.'  In  medicine,  one  who  has  at- 
tained a  degree,  oridenced  by  a  diploma — usually, 
ths  degree  of  doctor. 

GRifiA,  ffata.    The  pelliole,  which  forms  on 


milk.  The  folds  of  skin  round  the  umbilicus.  An 
old  woman. 

GRAIN,  Granum;  the  60th  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  72d  part  of  a  Poids  de  marc  drachm. 

Grain,  Oily,  Sesamum  orientale. 

GRAINE  If  EC  ABLATE,  Coccus  cacti— jr. 
Muse,  Hibiscus  abelmoechus — g.  de  Turquie,  Zea 
mays  —  g.  tT  Aspic,  see  Phalaris  Canadensis  —  g. 
de  Paradis,  Amomum  granum  paradisi  —  g.  a* 
Perroquet,  Carthamus  tine  tonus  (seed)  —  g.  de 
Saute",  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinas  kings. 

GRAISSE,  Pinguede — g.  de  Mouton,  Sevum 
—  g.  d?Oie,  Adeps  an  serin  a  —  g.  Oxvginie,  Un- 
guentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  g.  de  Pore,  Adeps  pwe- 
parata. 

GRAMEN  JEGYPTIACUM,  G.  Cruois  cype- 
rioidis — g.  Cantnum,  Triticum  repens. 

Graven  Crucis  Ctperioi'dis,  QramenJEgyp- 
tiacum,  JSgyp'tian  Cock*s  foot  grass.  The  roots 
and  plants  possess  the  virtues  of  the  Triticum 
repens,  and  have  been  recommended  in  the  ear- 
lier stages  of  dropsy.  They  were,  formerly,  con- 
sidered to  possess  many  other  properties. 

Graxen  Dioscoridis,  Triticum  repens — g.  Ma- 
jor, SarsaparillaGermanica — g.  Orientale,  Juncus 
odoratus — g.  Repens,  Triticum  repens  —  g.  Ru- 
brum,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

GRAMIA,  CBASSIE,  Lippitudo. 

GRAMINIVOROUS,  Qrami  niv'orus,  from^r* 
men,  '  grass/  and  voro, '  I  eat.'  Feeding  or  sub» 
slating  on  grass. 

GRAMMARIUM,  Scruple. 

GRAMME,  ypauun.  An  ancient  weight,  equi- 
valent to  the  24th  part  of  an  ounce,  or  to  24 
grains,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the  present 
day,  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to  a  cubed 
centimetre  of  water;  or  to  18  grains,  poids  do 
marc — 15.434  grains,  Troy. 

Gramme,  Iris,  Line. 

GRAN  A,  Hemicrania  —  g.  Molucca,  Croton 
tiglium  —  g.  Moschi,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g. 
Orientis,  see  M^ispermum  cocculns  —  g.  Tiglii 
sen  Tiglia,  see  Croton  tiglium  —  g.  Tilii,  Croton 
tiglium. 

GRANADILLA,  APPLE-SHAPED,  Passiflo- 
ra  maliformis. 

GRANATI  RADICIS  CORTEX,  see  Punioa 
granatum. 

QWAND  DORSAL,  Latissimus  dorst 

GRANDEB'ALjE.  The  hair  which  grows  in 
the  arm-pits. 

GRANDINOSUM  OS,  Cuboid. 

GRANDO,  Chalaza. 

GRANDULA,  Gland. 

GRANIV'OROUS,  Graniv'orus,  from  granum, 
4  a  grain/  and  voro,  *  I  eat'  Feeding  or  subsist- 
ing on  grain  or  seeds. 

GRANTRISTUM.  Anthrax. 

GRANULA  SEMINIS.  see  Sperm. 

GRANULAR  DEGENERATION  or  DISOR- 
GANIZATION OF  THE  KIDNEY,  Kidney, 
Bright' 8  disease  of  the — g.  Conjunctiva,  Trachoma 
— g.  Eyelid,  Trachoma— g.  Liver,  Cirrhosis — g. 
Tin,  see  Tin. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULA'TION,  Granula'tio,  from  granum, 
'a  grain/  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B.  charnu. 
Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical,  flesh-like 
shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of  suppurating 
wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the  product  of  in- 
flammatory excitement,  and  may  be  produced 
in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the  parts  by  pro- 
per stimulants.  They  form  the  basis  of  the  ci- 
catrix. 

Granulation  is,  likewise,  a  name  given  by 
tho  modern  French  physicians  to  an  organic 


GRANULATIONS 


418 


GRAVIDITAS 


lesion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small,  round, 
firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours,  of  the 
pise  and  shape-  of  millet-seed,  or  of  a  pea ;  which 
are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly,  and  in 
considerable  quantity;  often  without  materially 
interfering  with  their  functions. 

In  pharmacy,  granulation  is  a  process  by  which 
a  metal  is  reduced  to  fine  grains,  by  melting  it, 
and  causing  it,  whilst  liquid,  to  pass  through  a 
kind  of  sieve  into  a  vessel  of  water, —  as  in  the 
making  of  shot :  —  or  by  shaking  or  rubbing  the 
melted  metal  in  an  appropriate  box  or  vessel, — 
as  in  the  formation  of  granular  tin  or  granulated 

GRANULATIONS  c£r£bRALES,  Glan- 
dules PacchionL 

Gbartla'tions  Mii/iaby,  or  Miliary  tu'ber- 
elee,  are  the  small,  transparent  grains,  of  varia- 
able  sice,  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAK'ULE,  Gran'ulum;  diminutive  of  gra- 
nwn,  'a  grain.'  A  small  grain;  a  small  compact 
particle;  aoytoblast 

Grax'ulbs  Sbm'iwal,  Gran'ula  eem'inis.  Hi- 
note,  rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  whioh  are,  in  all  oases,  much  leas 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoids*    See  Sperm. 

GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  Me  Lotion,  Gran, 
villa's  counter-irritant 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

Grape-Cube,  (P.)  Cure  du  raisin,  (G.)  Trau- 
benenr.  A  mode  of  medication  in  Germany, 
which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape  for  both 
meat  and  drink;  nothing  more  at  the  farthest 
being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry  bread.  This 
diet  is  continued  for  weeks.  Its  effects  are  alto- 
gether  revellent,  and  resemble  in  many  respects 
those  of  hydropathy. 

Grapes,  Dried,  Uvea  passss. 

GRAPHIDOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIODES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIS'CUS,  Graphite*  DVoclis.  An  in. 
strument  invented  by  Diodes  for  extracting  darts. 
It  is  described  by  Celsus. 

GRAPHFTES,  Plumba'go,  Superearbure'tum 
Ferri,  Carbure'tum  Ferri,  Ferri  Carbona'tum,  F. 
Super  carbure'tum,  Carbo  miner  a' lis,  Qateneta, 
GaU'ni,  Carburet  of  iron,  Black  lead,  WaW,  (F.) 
Crayon  noir,  Plombagine.  This  substance  has 
been  esteemed  sKghtly  astringent  and  desioca- 
tive.  It  has  been  advised  by  Weinhold  in  the 
euro  of  herpes. 

GRAPHOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHOSPASMS,  Cramp,  writers'. 

OR  AS  DBS  CADAVRES,  Adipooire  —  g*  <U 
Jamb*,  Sura — g.  dee  Citnet&res,  Adipooire — g.  de 
Jamb*,  Sura. 

GRAS  FONDURE  (F.),  Diarrhot'a  adipo'sa, 
literally,  molten  grease.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers ;  accompanied  with  great 
emaciation,  and  in  which  the  evacuations  contain 
fat-like  matter.  According  to  Sauvages,  the  Gras- 
fondure  differs  from  colliquative  diarrhoea  in  not 
being  attended  with  hectic  fever. 

GRASS,  Asparagus-— g.  Bitter,  Aletris  farinosa 
— g.  Blue-eyed,  Bisyrinohium  Bermudianum — g. 
Brome,  Bromus  oiliatus — g.  Brome,  softy  Bromus 


ailiatus— g.  Canary,  cultivated,  Phalaris  Canad- 
ensis— g.  Couch,  Triticum  repens — g.  Dog,  Triti- 
enm  repens  —  g.  Egyptian  cock's  foot,  Gramen 


orucis  oyperioides  —  g.  Goafs,  Seorsonera  —  g. 
Knot,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  g.  Lily,  Sisyrin- 
chium  Bermudianum  —  g.  Physio,  Sisyrinoninm 
BermucUanum— g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrinchium  Bermu- 


dianum— g.  Sweet,  Aooras  Calamu* — g.  Vipers*, 
Score  on  era — g.  Yellow -eyed,  Xyris  bulbosa. 

GRASSET,  (F.)  The  anterior  region  of  the 
thigh,  bounded  below  by  the  patella. 

GRASSEYEMENT  (F.),  Sonus  bl**us,Rota- 
cis'mus,  from  (1?.)  gras,  'thick/  ' Speaking  thick/ 
According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pronunciation 
of  the  letter  r.  They  who  speak  thick,  like  the 
inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in  England,  or  of  Havre,' 
in  France,  have  difficulty  in  pronouncing  the  r, 
and  they  frequently  substitute  for  it  the  letter  I ; 
but  this  does  not  properly  constitute  Grasseye- 
ment.  It  consists  in  this:  that,  in  words  in 
which  the  letter. r  is  joined  to  another  consonant, 
a  sort  of  burring  or  guttural  rolling  is  heard, 
nearly  like  that  produced  by  gargling.  See  Ro- 
tacism. 

GRASTJS,  Cinabra. 

GRATELLE,  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA  DEI,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATIOLA  CENTAURIODES,  G.  officinalis. 

Gratio'la  Officiea'lis,  Digita'Hs  min'ima, 
Gra'Ha  Dei,  Gratiola  Centauriotdes,  Hedge  hys- 
top,  Herb  of  Grace.  It  is  a  native  of  the  South 
of  Europe.  (F.)  Herb*  au  pavvre  homme.  The 
plant  is  inodorous ;  taste  strong,  bitter,  nauseous. 
It  is  possessed  of  anthelmintic,  purgative,  emetic, 
and  diuretic  properties.    Dose,  ten  grains. 

GRATTERON,  Galium  aparine. 

GRATTOIR,  Raspatorium. 

GRA  VA  TIF,  Heavy. 

GRAVE,  Serious— g.  Plant,  Datura  sanguines- 

GRAVEDO,  Catarrh,  Corysa— g.  Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  LitWia  rena'lie  areno'sa,  LUhPasis 
nephrit'ica,  L.  rena'lie,  (F.)  GrapeUe.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to  sand 
or  gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.)  Gravier,  which  form  in 
the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to  the  blad- 
der, and  are  expelled  with  the  urine.  These  con- 
cretions, which  are  commonly  composed  of  uric 
acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  deposited  at  the 
bottom  of  the  vessel,  immediately  after  the  excre- 
tion of  the  urine;  and,  by  their  hardness  and 
resistance  under  the  finger,  differ  considerably 
from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that  liquid.  A 
vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks  are  the  best 
prophylactics.  See  Calculi,  Urinary.  A  fit  of 
the  Gravel,  NephraVaia  calculo'ea  sen  areno'ea, 
Co'liea  nephritfiea,  is  the  excruciating  suffering 
induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from  the  kidney 
to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  relieved  by  ansea- 
thetics,  opiates,  the  warm  bath,  Ac. 

When  the  deposit  is  in  fine  particles,  H  is 
termed  Sand,  Art  no,  Are'nula,  Psam'ma,  Psam- 
mus. 

Gravel  Grabs,  Galium  verum. 

Gravel,  Pileous  or  Haibt,  (F.)  Gravellepi- 
leu**.  A  species  of  gravel  containing  hairs,  phos- 
phate of  lime,  ammoniaoo-magnesian  phosphate, 
and  a  little  uric  acid. — Magendie. 

GRAVELEUX,  Calculous. 

GRAVELLE,  Chalaaa,  Gravel— g.  Pttase, 
Gravel,  pileous. 

GRAVEOLENS,  Fetid. 

GRAVID,  Pregnant 

GRAV'IDINE;  from  gravidm,  'pregnant,* 
gravis,  'heavy/  A  sediment  in  the  urine  of 
pregnant  women,  which  by  its  decomposition 
gives  rise  to  the  pellicle  kyestein.  It  differs  from 
albumen,  casein  and  gelatin. — Stark. 

GRAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy— g. 
Abdominalis,  Pregnanoy,  abdominal  —  g.  Rxtra- 
uterina,  see  Pregnancy — g.  Extra-uterisain  Ova- 
rio,  Pregnanoy,  ovarian  —  g.  Bxtra-uterina  Se- 
cundaria, Hetacyesis  —  g.  Intentitialis,  Preg- 
nancy, interstitial— g.  Molaris,  Mole— g.  Spuria, 


QBAVIEB 


417 


GROUND  BERRY 


Pregnanoy,  false — g.  Tubarla,  Salpbgo-oyesls— 
g.  U{eri  substantia,  Pregnancy,  interstitial— g. 
Uterma,  Pregnancy. 

GRAVIER,  GraveL 

GRAVIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS,  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIF'IC,  Gravitas  $pecif'ica, 
(F.)  Pesanteur  spteifique.  The  relation  between 
the  weight  of  a  body  and  iU  balk ;  thus,  suppos- 
ing four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size,  but  to 
weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  another  two,  and 
the  fourth  one;  the  specific  gravity  of  the  first 
will  be  four  times  greater  than  that  of  the  last. 
The  specific  gravities  of  different  bodies  are, 
therefore,  as  the  weights,  bulk  for  bulk.  For 
solids,  and  liquids,  water  is  taken  as  the  unit; 
atmospheric  air  for  the  gases.  Thus,  water  is 
1.000;  mercury  at  the  common  temperature, 
13.58.  Whence,  we  oonolude  meroury  is  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  times  heavier  than  water. 

GRAY  MATTER  OF  THE  BRAIN,  Cortex 
cerebri,  see  Neurine. 

GREASE,  from  (F.)  Orals*,  'fat'  A  specific 
inflammation,  affecting  the  skin  of  the  heels  of 
the  horse,  which  is  especially  interesting  from 
the  circumstance,  that  the  matter,  if  inserted 
under  the  cuticle  of  an  unprotected  individual, 
may  give  rise  to  an  affection — grease-pox,  vari- 
ola equina — which  preserves  the  person  from 
small-pox.  (?) 

Grbasb,  Barrow's,. Adeps  suilla — g.  Goose, 
Adeps  anserina — g.  Molten,  Gras-fonaur* —  g. 
Pox,  see  Grease. 

GREENHEART,  see  Bebeeru. 

GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE  FOR  THE 
TEETH,  Spiritus  armoraoim  eompositus. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWBED,  Genista  tinotoria. 

GR&LE  (F.),  Gra*"ilis,  <  long  and  thin.'  This 
epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 
as  the 

Apophyse  Qrile  du  Marteau,  the  slender  apoph- 
ysis or  process  of  the  tnaVleus,  a  long  process 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  fissure  of  Gla- 
serius.  It  is  also  called  the  Apophysis  of  JRau, 
although  it  was  already  known  to  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendente  and  to  Cascilius  Follius. 

QR&LE,  Chaiaaa— a.  Intern*  de  la  Cuisse, 
Gracilis. 

ORJSMIL  OFFICINALB,ltoh<*pwmxua.  offi- 
cinale. 

GREMIUM,  Vulva. 

GRENADE,  Influent*. 

GRENADIER,  Punica  granatum. 

GRENADIN,  see  Punica  granatum. 

GRENIERS,  Vesioula  seminales. 

GRENOUILLE,  Rana  esculents 

GRENOUILLBTTB,  Ranula. 

GREOULX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sul- 
phuretted springB  in  the  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  France.  -» 

GRESSURA,  Perinssum. 

GRESSUS,  Walking. 

OREVEURE,  Hernia. 

GRIELUM,  Apium  petroselinum,  Smyrnium 
orasatrum. 

GRIFF,  see  Mulatto. 

GRIFFO,  see  Mulatto. 

GRINOEMENT  DES  DENTS,  Brygmus. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth— g.  Asthma,  see 
Asthma,  grinders' — g.  Rot,  Asthma,  grinders'. 

GRINDING  MILL,  see  Pulverisation. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic 

Gripes,  Watbrt.  A  popular  name  for  a  dan- 
gerous disease  of  iaiaooy,  oommon  in  England, 
27 


which  does  not  differ  essentially  from  the  cholera 
infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRIPPE  (F.),  from  gripper,  *  to  gripe,'  'catch 
hold  of.'  A  vulgar  name  for  several  catarrhal 
diseases,  which  have  reigned  epidemically;  a* 
the  influensa. 

GRIPPi,  Pinched. 

GRITS,  Groats,  (Sax.)  8«iCCa;  (G.)  Gries, 
'gravel,  grits.' 

GRIT  GRUEL,  Water  gruel  This  is  made 
as  follows: — Take  three  ounoes  of  grit*;  wash 
them  well  in  cold  water,  and,  having  poured  off 
the  fluid,  put  them  into  four  pints  of  fresh  water, 
and  boil  slowly  until  the  water  is  reduced  one- 
half;  then  strain  through  a  sieve.  It  is  a  good 
demulcent,  and  is  employed  also  as  a  vehicle  for 
clysters. 

GROAN,  see  Suspirium. 

GROATS,  German  Grutse;  Grutum,  Ave'na 
excortica'ta;  (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal,  (Yorkshire.) 
Oats,  hulled,  but  unground,  (Lancashire.)  Hulled 
oats,  half  ground.  Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken 
off;  Grits.  When  crushed,  they  are  termed 
Embden  groats.  In  America,  fine  hominy  is  called 
Grits,  and  wheat  prepared  in  the  same  way  is 
likewise  so  designated.  It  is  also  called  wheatsn 
hominy. 

Groats,  Cracow,  Semolina. 

GROG-BLOSSOMS,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROG-ROSES,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROMWELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

GROOVE,  Furrow,  Sulcus,  (F.)  Rainure.  Ice. 
landic,  grata,  Sax.  araJTan,  '  to  dig.'  A  channel 
or  gutter,  in  a  bone  or  surgical  instrument.  See 
Coulisse. 

Groove,  Prixitivb,  Primitive  streak  or  trace, 
Nota  primiti'va.  A  bright  streak  in  the  long 
axis  of  the  pellucid  part  of  the  area  germinativa, 
alter  it  presents  a  central  pellucid  and  a  periphe- 
ral opake  party  and  passes  from  the  round  to  the 
pear  shape. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.  Sulca'tus,  Stria'- 
tus,  Canalicula'tus,  (F.)  CanneU  ou  OanelS  on 
CanalicuU;  Canaliculated.  Having  a  small  chan- 
nel or  gutter. 

OR  OS,  Drachm — a.  Gou,  Bronchocele. 

GROSEILLIER  NOIR,  Ribes  nigrum— f. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rubrum. 

GROSSE  GORGE,  Bronchocele. 

GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy— $.  Abdominals, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal — g.  Af estate,  Pregnancy, 
afcetal — g.  Bigtminale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal— 
g.  CompUxe,  Pregnancy,  oomplex — g.  Compos  fe, 
Pregnancy,  compound — g.  Contre-nature,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine — g.  Fausss  ou  apparente. 
Pregnancy,  false — g.  Fatale,  Pregnancy,  foetal — 
g.  §axo-hystirique,  Pregnancy,  gazo-hysterta— 
g.  Hemato-hysterique,  Pregnanoy,  hemato-hyste- 
ric — g.  Hydro-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  hydro-hys- 
teric—  g.  Intcr-extra-uttrine,  Pregnancy,  com- 
plex— g.  Ovarienne,  Pregnancy,  ovarial — g.  Sar- 
co-hystfrique,  Pregnancy,  sarco-hysteric— g.  Sar- 
eo/aitale,  Pregnancy,  sarcofoetal — g.  tfimpk,  Preg- 
nancy, solitary — g.  Solitaire,  Pregnancy,  solitary 
— g.  TrigiminaU,  Pregnanoy,  trigeminal — g. 
Triple,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal— 9.  Tubaire,  Preg- 
nancy, tubal  —  a.  Utfro-abdominale,  Pregnancy, 
utero-abdoininal— g.  Utiro-ovarienne,  Pregnancy, 
utero-ovarian — g.  Ute'ro-tubaire,  Pregnancy,  ute- 
ro- tubal. 

GROSSULARIA  NIGRA,  Ribes  nigrum— g. 
Non  spinosa,  Ribes  nigrum — g.  Rubra,  Bibes 
rubrum. 

QROUILLEMENT  PENTBAILLBS,  Bor- 
bory  grans. 

GROUND   BERRY,  Ganltharia—  *  Hoil* 


GROUNDSEL 


418 


GUMMA 


Gaultheria — g.  fry,  Gaultheria— -g.  Nat,  Arachis 
hypogea,  Pignut— g.  Pine,  Teucrium  chamsepitys 
— g.  p.  French,  Teucrium  iva. 

GROUNDSEL,  Senecio. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from  Dutch  groeyen,  Crescentia, 
Anaplo'sis,  Anaptyx'is,  (F.)  Croissance,  The  de- 
velopment of  the  body ;  particularly  in  the  direc- 
tion of  its  height  Also,  any  adventitious  tissue; 
thus,  wo  speak  of  a  morbid  growth  at  formation. 

QRUAU,  Groats. 

GRUB,  Larve,  see  Ectozoa. 

GRUEL,  GRIT,  see  Grits— g.  Water,  see  Are- 
na, and  Grits. 

GRUFF,  from  Teutonic  ge,  and  ruh,  'rough.' 
In  pharmacy,  the  coarse  residue,  which  will  not 
pass  through  the  sieve  in  pulverization. 

GRUME  AU,  Coagulum. 

GRUMOUS,  Grumo'sus,  from  grwnus,  'a  dot' 
Clotted. 

GRUMUS,  Coagulum. 

GRUTUM.  'Groats/  Grutum  Mil'ium,  Mil'- 
twm.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  resem- 
bling, in  size  and  appearance,  a  millet-seed.  It 
is  confined  to  the  face.    Bee,  also,  Groats. 

GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The  Griffon**  foot,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Griffon,  An  instrument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pari  speaks,  which  was  used  for  extracting 
moles  from  the  uterus. 

GRYPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRYPO'SIS,  from  yovicou,  *  I  incurvate.'  In- 
eurva'tio.  Curvature  or  crookedness  in  general. 
Crookedness  or  incurvation  of  the  nails.  See 
Onychogriposis. 

GRYPOTES,  see  Grypus. 

GRYPUS.  One  who  has  a  crooked  or  aquiline 
nose.    The  condition  is  termed  Gry'potes. 

GUA'CO,  Hua'co.    The  name  of  a  plant,  Eu- 

C'rium  Guaco,  described  by  Humboldt  and 
jland  under  the  name  Mika'nia  Guaco,  which 
grows  in  the  valleys  of  Madalena,  Rio-Cauoa, 
Ac,  in  South  America.  The  negroes  use  the 
juice  against  the 'bites  of  poisonous  reptiles; — 
both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and  cure.  It  has 
been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
cholera. 

GUAIAC,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIACI  LIGNUM,  see  Guaiacum— g.  Re- 
tina, see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIACINE,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAFACUM,  G.Officina'U;  G.  America'num, 
Lignum  vita,  L.  sanctum,  L.  benedic'tum,  Palus 
sanctus,  Lignum*  In'dieum,  Hagiox'ylum,  (F.) 
Gayac,  Gdiac.  The  resin  —  Guai'aci  Resi'na, 
Guai'ae,  (F.)  Rhine  ou  Gomme  de  Gdiac — and  the 
wood — Guaiaci  lignum  —  are  both  used  in  medi- 
cine. Their  odour  is  slightly  fragrant;  taste  warm 
and  bitter,  of  the  resin  more  so  than  of  the  wood. 
The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle ;  colour,  externally, 
greenish;  internally  grayish.  Water  dissolves 
about  one-tenth;  alcohol  95  parte.  It  is  soluble, 
also,  in  liquet  potasses  15  parts,  liquor  ammonia 
38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish,  but  changes  to 
green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the  guaiacum  is  a 
peculiar  resin,  called  Guaiacine. 

Guaiacum  is  stimulant  and  diaphoretic;  and 
In  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  administered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  sequel*  of  syphilis.  Dose  of  resin,  gr. 
t  to  xx. — co  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

GUALTHERIA,  Gaultheria. 

GUANO,  —  according  to  Tscbudi,  properly 
ffuanuj — is  formed  of  the  excrements  of  different 
kinds  of  marine  birds — mews,  divers,  sheerbreaks, 
k  ~,  but  especially  of  the  Sula  variega'ta.  It  is 
fuund  in  enormous  layers  in  the  South  American 
islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  if  used  as  manure. 


GUARANA,  Pauffinia. 

GUARAPO.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in 
Peru,  of  sugar-cane  pulp  and  water.  It  is  a  very 
favourite  beverage  of  the  negroes. — TschudL 

GUARD  (for  a  bed,)  AUsc. 

GUARERBA  ORBA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

GUAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferum. 

GUAYAVA,  Psidium  pomiferum. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  DENTIS,  ( Gubernaeu- 
lum,  *  a  rudder.')  A  cord,  which  passes  from  the 
follicle  of  the  permanent  tooth  along  a  small  long 
canal  behind  the  alveolus  of  the  milk  tooth,  and 
becomes  continuous  with  the  gum.  The  guber- 
naculum  has  been  supposed  to  direct  the  perma* 
nent  tooth  outwards.  The  canal  has  been  termed 
Iter  dentis. 

Guberitacttluv  Testis,  G.  t.  Hunteri,  Liga- 
men' turn  suspenso'rium  Testis,  (F.)  Gouvemail  du 
testicule.  A  triangular,  fibro-cellular  cord ;  which, 
in  the  foetus,  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium 
and  the  skin  of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  the 
posterior  part  of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ 
issues  from  the  abdomen.  It  has  been  supposed 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  fascia  superficial!* 
with  .muscular  fibres  from  the  internal  oblique 
muscle,  which  pass  upwards  to  the  testis  when 
in  the  abdomen ;  and  by  their  contraction  draw 
the  testis  down,  and  ultimately  form  the  crevas- 
ter  muscle. 

GUlZPE,  Wasp. 

GUfolSON,  Cure. 

GU&RI8SABLE,  Curable. 

GUT,  Viscum  album. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA,  HyperantMra 
morinaa.  A  plant,  which  affords  the  Ben  nut, 
and  the  lignum  nephriticum.  It  is  also  called 
Morin'ga  OleXfera  seu  Zeylan'ica  seu  Ntuc  ben 
seu  Pterygosper'ma.  The  nut  Ben,  Gfans  un- 
guenta'ria,  Ben  Nux,  Bal'anus  Myrcp'sica,  San'- 
dalum  caru'leum,  Oily  Acorn  or  Ben  nut,  is  a 
West  India  nut  which  furnishes  an  oil,  O'Uum 
Balani'nnm,  that  does  not  become  rancid  by  age, 
and  is  hence  used  by  perfumers.   It  is  purgative. 

The  wood  of  the  Guilandina  is  called  Lignmm 
Nephrit'icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction,  in 
affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GUIMAUVE,  Althaea— g.  VeloutSe,  Hibiscus 
abelmosohuB. 

GULA,  (Esophagus,  Pharynx. 

QULM  IMBECILLITAS,  PharyngoplegU— 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 

GULLET,  (Esophagus. 

GULOSUS,  Glutton. 

GUM  ANIME,  Anime— g.  Arabic,  Acacias 
gummi  —  g.  Bassora,  Bassora  gum — g.  British, 
Dextrin — g.  Butea,  see  Butea  frondosa — g.  Ca- 
ranna,  Caranna — g.  Dragon,  Tragacantha — g. 
Elastic,  Caoutchouc  —  g.  Falling  away  of  the, 
Ulatrophia — g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Canadensis 
— g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras  —  g.  Juniper, 
Sandarac — g.  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Red, 
Strophulus — g.  Resin,  Gummi  resina — g.  Sanda- 
rach,  Sandarac — g.  Seneca,  Acaeisa  gummi  —  g. 
Senega,  Acacia)  gummi  —  g.  Shrinking  of  the, 
Ulatrophia — g.  Sweet,  Liquidambar  strraciflua — 
g.  Tragacanth,  Tragacanth — g.  Tree,  brown,  tee 
Kino — g.  White,  Strophulus — g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. 

Gum- Lancet,  Dentiscal'pium,  Odontoa'lypkom, 
(F.)  Dtchaussoir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  fleam.  The 
operation  itself  is  called  Lancing  the  gums,  Den'- 
tium  scalptu'ra,  (F.)  Biehaussement. 

GUMBOIL,  Parulis. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour, 
formed  in  the  periosteum,  occupying  particularly 


GUMMI 


410 


GOTTA 


the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produoed  by  the 
syphilitic  virus,  when  it  has  been  long  in  the  con- 
stitution. It  is  so  called,  because,  when  opened, 
it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI,  Commit  Kopfu,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  solid, 
uncrystallizable,  inodorous  substance,  of  a  mawk- 
ish taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  but  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it  forms 
a  mucilage.  It  is  obtained  from  various  species 
of  mimosa  and  pruntu ;  and  consequently  there 
are  many  varieties  of  gum.  They  are  used  in 
medicine  as  demulcents,  emollients,  and  relax- 
ants, particularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal  irritations, 
Ac. ;  and  in  Pharmacy,  they  are  employed  in  the 
formation  of  omulsions,  pills,  <fco. 

Gummi  Acacms  Arabic jb,  Acaciaa  gummi  —  g. 
Acanthinum,  Acacias  gummi — g.  Adstringens  Fo- 
thergilli,  Kino— g.  Ammoniacum,  Ammoniac— g. 
Anime,  Anirae — g.  Arabicum,  Acacias  gummi — g. 
Astragali  Tragacanthee,  Tragacantha —  g.  Bogia, 
Cambogia — g.  Brelisis,  Garanna — g.  Copallinum, 
Copal — g.  Elasticum,  Caoutchouc — g.  Euphorbia?, 
Bee  Euphorbia  officinarum — g.  Gamandree, Cambo- 
gia— g.  Gambiense,  Kino — g.  de  Goa,  Cambogia — 
g.  Gutta,  Cambogia — g.  Heders,  see  Hedera  helix 
— g.  de  Jemu,  Cambogia — g.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 
— g.  Laccsa,  Lacca — g.  Ladanum,  see  Cistus  cre- 
ticus — g.  Lamac,  A  cad®  gummi — g.  Laricis,  see 
Pinug  larix — g.  Leucum,  Acacim  gummi. 

Gummi  Nostras,  (F.)  Gomme  du  Pays;  Indig"- 
enous  (rum.  These  generic  names  are  given  to 
several  species  of  gum,  which  flow  spontaneously 
from  certain  indigenous  fruit  trees, — such  as  the 
almond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot,  Ac.  The  indige- 
nous gums  have  nearly  the  same  properties  as 
gum  Arabic ;  but  they  are  inferior  to  it. 

Gummi  Orexburqbnse,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Pa- 
naris, see  Pastinaca  opoponax — g.  ad  Podagram, 
Cambogia. 

Gummi-Resina,  Gum- Resin,  A  milky  juice, 
obtained  by  making  incisions  into  the  branches, 
stalks  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum-re- 
sins are  compounds  of  resins,  gum,  essential  oil, 
and  different  other  vegetable  matters.  They  are 
solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour,  acrid  taste, 
variable  colour,  and  are  heavier  than  water. 
Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  alcohol  an- 
other ;  hence  proof  spirit  U  the  proper  menstruum. 
The  generality  of  the  gum-resins  are  powerful 
stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  parts  of  the  econo- 
my. The  chief  are  aea/cetida,  gum  ammoniac, 
euphorbium,  galbanum,  camboge,  myrrh,  olibanum, 
opoponax,  scammony,  aloe;  Ac. 

Gummi  Rub  rum  Adstrlwoews  Gambiehse,  Ki- 
no, see  Butea  Frondosa — g.  Seneca,  Senegal  gum 
— g.  Senega,  Senegal,  gum — g.  Senegalense,  Se- 
negal, gum  —  g.  Senica,  Senegal,  gum  —  g.  Sera- 
pionis,  Acacioe  gummi  —  g.  Thebaicum,  Acaciaa 
gummi  —  g.  Tragacantha,  Tragacantha — g.  Ura- 
lense,  see  Pinus  larix. 

GUMMIDODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMIODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMOSUS,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMS,  Gingivae. 

GUN-COTTON,  see  Collodion— g.  c  Ethereal 
solution  of,  Collodion. 

GUNJAH,  see  Bangue. 

GUNNERA  PERPEN'SA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Urticacea* ;  the  decoction  of 
which  is  taken  as  a  domestic  remedy  by  the  fann- 
ers, as  a  tonio  in  dyspepsia.  A  tincture  has  been 
used  in  gravel.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  employed  in  pulmonary  affections. 
The  leaves  are  applied  fresh,  to  cure  wounds  and 
ulcers. 


GURGITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Temp,  at 
its  source,  176°  Fan.  It  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  sul- 
phates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 
silica. 

GURGLING.  '  Gushing  with  noise/  as  water 
from  a  bottle.  (F.)  OargouiUemcnt,  same  etymon 
as  gargle.  The  rhonchus  or  rdle  heard  on  aus- 
cultation when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs  con- 
taining pus.  It  is  the  '  cavernous  rattle  or  rhon- 
chus,' Rdle  caverneux.  The  sise  of  the  bubbles 
heard  varies,  and  hence  the  rhonchus  has  been 
called  cavernous  and  cavern' ulous,  (F.)  Rdle  ca- 
vernuleux.  If  the  cavern  be  large,  this  rdle  will 
nearly  resemble  the  gurgling  of  a  bottle  (glouglou 
d'une  bouteille ;)  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavern 
be  small,  it  will  noj,  differ  from  the  rdU  mu- 
queux. 

GURGULIO,  Penis,  Uvula. 

OUSTATIF,  (Nerf,)  see  Lingual  nerve. 

GUSTATION,  Degustation,  Taste. 

GUSTATORY  NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTUS,  Taste— g.  Depravatus,  Parageusia. 

GUT,  Intestine — g.  Blind,  Caecum. 

GUTS,  SLIPPERINES6  OF  THE,  Lientery. 

GUTTA,  Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout— g.  Ga- 
mandrsB,  Cambogia — g.  Gamba,  Cambogia — g. 
Opaca,  Cataract. 

Gutta.  A  Drop,* Stalag'ma,  Alun'stl,  Stilla, 
(F.)  Goutte.  A  quantity  of  liquid,  generally  va- 
lued, in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain.  The 
weighty  however,  varies  according  to  different 
circumstances,  as  the  degree  of  tenacity  of  the 
fluid,  and  the  extent  of  moist  surface  to  which  the 
suspended  drop  is  attached  before  it  falls ;  and  it 
was  found  by  Mr.  Alsop  to  be  influenced  by  the 
size  of  the  bottle,  and  the  angle  of  inclination  at 
which  it  was  held  during  the  operation  of  drop- 
ping. The  following  are  some  of  his  results  as 
to  the  number  of  drops  required  to  measure  a 
fluidrachm,  when  dropped  from  a  large  and  a  small 
bottle. 

From  a  large  From  a  small 
bottle.       bottle. 
(® )  Dilated  sulphuric  acid. . .  .24  drops  84  drops 

Scheele's  hydrocyanic  acid  35 70 

Distilled  water 31 54 

Solution  of  ammonia 40. ... .    48 

Tincture  of  opium 84 136 

Rectified  spirits 100 130 

Tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  100 150 , 

Gutta  Percha.  The  concrete  juice  of  a  tree 
— Isonan'dra  gutta — whioh  is  indigenous  in  Sing- 
apore and  its  vicinity,  and  belongs  to  the  Natural 
order  Sapotacesa.  Plunged  in  boiling  water  it 
softens,  when  it  may  be  moulded  like  caoutcbouo 
to  any  form,  which  it  retains  on  cooling.  Splints 
and  other  instruments  have  been  made  of  it 

Gutta  Rosacea  Syphilitica,  Crown  of  Venus. 

Gutta  Rosea,  Gutta  Rosa'cea,  Ion' thus  co- 
rymb'if  er,  Crusta  serpigino'sa,  G.  prurigino'sa, 
Acne"  rosa'cea,  Rose'ola  acno'sa,  Thyladi'tis,  Bac- 
chia,  Butiga,  Carbuncled  Face,  Rosy  Drop  or 
Whelk,  Oopper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms, 
Grog-roses,  (F.)  Couperose,  Goutte  Hose,  Bour- 
geons, Dartrs  pustuleuse  couperose.  An  eruption 
of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with  shining  red- 
ness, and  an  irregular  granular  appearance  of  the 
skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  which  is  affected. 
The  redness  commonly  appears  first  at  the  end 
of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both  sides.  It 
is  often  produced  by  hard  drinking.  Its  cure) 
must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen,  and  coo)  • 


0UTT41 


420 


GYRUS 


Ing  means  internally:  weak  spirituous  or  satur- 
nine lotions  externally.  The  affection  is  usually 
▼cry  obstinate. 

QuTtk  Qwrmvjl,  Amaurosis. 

GUTTiH  ABBATI8  ROUSSEAU,  Laudanum 
abbatia  Rousseau — g.  Ammoniac!,  see  Ammoniac 
gum — g.  Aoidse  tonic®,  Elixir  Acidum  Halleri — 
g.  Nervina,  Alcohol  sulrurioo-athoreus  ferri. 

GuTTiB  Niqbjb,  Ace*  turn  o'pii,  Common  Black 
Drop.    (Opii  Jvuj,  «•***  deetitlat.  Iby,  Infuse.) 

The  celebrated  Black  Drop,  Lancaster  or  Qua- 
her1*  Black  Drop,  may  be  made  as  follows.  Take 
half  a  pound  of  opium  sliced;  three  pints  of  good 
verjuice,  (juice  of  the  wild  crab,)  one  and  a  half 
ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an  ounce  of  saffron. 
Boil  to  a  proper  thickness,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  sugar,  and  two  spoonfuls  of  yeast  Set 
the  whole  in  a  warm  place,  near  the  fire,  for  six 
or  eight  weeks ;  then  place  itjn  the  open  air  un- 
til it  becomes  a  syrup.  Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and 
bottle  it  up,  adding  a  little  sugar  to  each  bottle. 
One  drop  is  equal  to  three  of  laudanum ;  and  it 
is  nearly  devoid  of  all  the  unpleasant  exciting 
effects  of  the  latter.  An  analogous  formula  is 
contained  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  under  the  name  Ace1  turn  opii,  Vinegar  of 
Opium. 

GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO,  Arytenoid  Carti- 
lage. 

GUTTERIA,  Bronchocele. 

GUTTUR.  The  throat;  the  larynx;  the 
trachea. 

Guttuh  Globosum,  Bronohooele— g.  Tumidum, 
Bronchocele. 

GUTTURAL,  Gutturals,  from  guttur,  'the 
throat'    Relating  or  belonging  to  the  throat 

The  Superior  Thyroideal  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  Guttural  Artery.     - 

A  Guttural  Oougk  is  one  occasioned  by  irrita- 
tion of  the  larynx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat 

GUTTURIS  OS,  Hyoldes  os. 

GUTTURNIA,  Arytenoid  cartilages. 

GYMNA,  Genital  Organs. 

GYMNASION,  Exercise. 

GYMNA'SIUM,from  yvpvos,  'naked.'  Pales- 
tra. An  establishment  amongst  the  ancients,  in- 
tended for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling,  running, 
Ac. ;  a  term  now  used  in  Germany,  more  espe- 
cially for  an  academy  or  higher  school. 

GYMNAST,  Gymnas'tes,  Gymnas'ta;  same 
etymon.  The  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  diseases 
by  gymnastics. 

GYMNASTICS,  GymnaStica,  Mcdici'na  gym- 
nastica  sen  eueet'ica,  Somacefict.  Same  etymon. 
That  part  of  hygienic  medicine  which  treats  of 
bodily  exercises.  It  is  called  Med1  tool  Gymnas- 
tic*. The  ancients  had  also  Athletic  Gymnastics, 
and  MU'itary  Gymnastics.  Herodious,  of  Seli- 
vreea,  first  proposed  gymnastics  for  the  cure  of 
disease. 

GYMNOG'LADUS  CANADENSIS,  Ooffee 
Tree,  Mahogany,  Nietar  Tree,  Bondue.  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Louisi- 
ana. The  leaves  arc  oathartio,  and  said  to  con- 
tain cytisin.  The  seeds  arc  a  good  substitute  for 
coffee. 


GYMNOGRAMME  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
oeteraoh. 

GYMNOSIS,  Denudation. 

GYN^'CANER,  from  ywr,  'a  woman/  and 
amp,  'a  man.'  Vir  effamina'tue.  An  effeminate 
man. 

GYNiBCEA,  Gynaeeia. 

GYN-fiCEI'A,  GynmcVa,  GymBce'a,  from  ymrm, 
'  a  woman.'  The  catamenia ;  —  the  lochia.  The 
diseases  of  women  in  general.— Hippoorates,  Ga- 
len, Foe'sius. 

GYRfiCEUM,  Antimonium,  Vulva. 

GYKfiCE'US,  from  yw*, '  a  woman.'  Belong- 
ing to  women.    Female.    Feminine. 

GYN-fiCIA,  Gynaeeia,  Menses. 

GYN.fiCOLOG"IA,  Gynecology,  from  ywm, 
'a  woman,'  and  Xoyot,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  nature,  diseases,  Ac  of  women. 

GYNECOMANIA,  from  yvvn,  'woman,'  and 
pavia,  'mania,'  'rage.'  That  species  of  insanity, 
which  arises  from  love  for  women.  Some  hare 
used  the  word  synonymously  with  nymphomania. 

GtN-BCOMAS'TUS,  Gynacomas'thus,  from 
yvvn,  'woman,'  &nd  fiaaros,  'abreast'  A  man  whose 
breasts  are  as  large  as  those  of  a  woman. — Galen, 
IngrasBias. 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of  a 
female  was  formerly  called  Gyna  comas' ton. 

GYNJ3COMYS'TAX,from  ywn, '  woman,'  and 
pverat,  'the  beard.'  The  hair  on  the  pubes  of 
women. — Rolfink. 

GYN-BCOPHO'NUS,  from  vwn,  'a  woman/ 
and  iruvn, '  voice.'  A  man  who  has  an  effeminate 
voice 

GYNANDRIA,  Hennaphrodeity. 

GYNANDRUS,  Gynanthropus. 

GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gynan'drus.  An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYNATRESIA,  from  yw*  'a  woman,'  and 
arpriroi,  'imperforate.'  Closure  or  imperforation 
of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the  female. 

GYNE,  Female. 

GYNECOLOGY,  Gyns&cologia. 

GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite. 

GYNOARIUM,  Ovarium. 

GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplas'txcus,  from  yvrn, 
'a  woman,'  and  w\a<r<nt, ' I  form.*  The  gynoplas* 
tie  operation  is  employed  for  opening  or  dilating 
the  closed  or  contracted  genital  openings  of  the 
female. 

GYPSY-WEED,  Lyoopus  sinuatus,  and  L.  Vir- 
ginicus. 

GYRI  CEREBRI,  Anfractnosities  (cerebral,) 
Convolutions  (cerebral,) — g.  Cochleae,  Seals  of 
the  Cochlea. 

GYROMIA  VIRGINICA,  Medeola  Vlrginiesu 

QYROPHLE,  see  Eugenia  earyophyllata. 

GYROPHORA,  see  Tripe  de  Roche, 

GYRUS,  Anfractuosity,  Convolution. 

GYRUS  FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched  convolu- 
tion.* A  large  convolution  of  the  brain,  which 
lies  horizontally  on  the  corpus  callosum,  and  may 
be  traced  forwards  and  backwards  to  the  base  of 
the  brain,  terminatingby  each  extremity  at  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius.  The  surface  of  the  hemi- 
sphere, where  it  comes  in  contact  with  the  corpus 
callosum,  is  bounded  by  it 


HAB-EL-KALIHBAT 


411 


SUBMATBMS8IS 


H. 


HAB-EL-KALIMBAT,  Pistaoia  terebinths,    I 

HABBI,  Hugenia  Abyssinioa. 

HABE'NA.  A  Bridle,  Tel'amon.  A  bandage 
for  uniting  the  lips  of  wounds ;  whioh,  in  many 
instances,  replaced  the  suture. — Galen. 

HABENJS  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND,  see 
Pineal  gland. 

HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGE'NA,  Bejuio, 
Carthaae'na  Bean,  (P.)  Five  de  Cartkagene.  A 
kind  of  bean  of  South  America,  famed  as  an  ef- 
fectual antidote  for  the  poison  of  all  serpents,  if  a 
small  quantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Habit*' do,  from  habere,  'to  hare  or 
to  hold;'  Assuttu'do,  Moe,  Usus,  Coneuetu'do, 
Ethos,  'tin,  Hexie,  Ethmoe'yni,  (P.)  Habitude, 
Accoutumance.  Habit  is  the  aptitude  for  repeat, 
ing  certain  acts :  —  or,  a  facility,  which  results 
from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act.  It 
is,  according  to  vulgar  expression,  'a  second  na- 
ture.' Habit  may  predispose  to  certain  diseases, 
or  it  may  protect  us  against  them.  It  ought  not 
to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  attending  to  the  progress 
of  disease,  or  of  its  treatment 

Habit  of  Bodt,  Oonstitu'tio,  Hab'itus,  Hab'- 
itus  Obr'porU,  Catas'tasis,  Hexie,  Epiphani'a, 
(P.)  Habitude  extirieurt,  Habitude  du  corps. 
The  aggregate  of  the  physioal  qualities  of  the 
human  body. 

HABITUDE,  Habit— A.  du  Corpe,  Habit  of 
body— h.  ExtSrieure,  Habit  of  body. 

HABITUDO,  Habit 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body— h.  ApoplectJcns, 
Apoplectic  habit— h.  Corporis,  Habit  of  body. 

HACHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HACHISGH,  Bangue. 

HACKBERRY,  Oeltia  oocidentalis. 

HJ2MA,  'atua,  'aiuaros,  'blood.' 

H^MACHROINE,  Hamatine. 

HiBMACHRO'SES,  ( (G.)  Hamaehrosen,) 
from  'atfia,  'blood,'  and  ram;,  'coloration.'  A 
family  of  diseases  in  which  the  blood  has  its  co- 
lour different  from  usual,  as  in  purpura  and  cya- 
nosis.— Puchs. 

HiEMACY'ANIN,  from  'atua,  'blood,'  and 
■vovofr  '  blue.'  A  blue  colouring  matter,  detected 
by  Sanson  in  healthy  blood,  and  in  bile  by  some 
chemists,  but  not  by  others. 

RBMADON'OSUS,  from  'atpa,  'blood,'  and 
vivos, '  a  disease.'  Hamatangion'osus,  Hamatan- 
gionu'sus,  Hcmatangio'eia.  Disease  of  the  blood- 
vessels. 

H^BMADOSTO'SIS,  from  'aipm,  'blood,'  and 
eerwis,  'a  bony  tumour/  Ossification  of  the 
blood-vessels. 

H23MADYNAMETER,  Hamadynamometer. 

HiBMADYXAMOM'ETER,  Hamatodyna- 
mom'eter,  Hcemadynam'eter,  Hamom'eter,  Hama- 
>  tom'eter,  (P.)  HSmadynamitre,  HSmomltre;  from 
t»iua,  'blood,'  Svfauts,  'power,'  and  utrpov,  'a 
measure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring  the 
force  of  the  blood  in  the  vessels.  It  consists  of 
a  bent  glass  tube,  the  lower  bent  part  of  whioh 
is  filled  with  mercury.  A  brass  head  is  fitted 
into  the  artery,  and  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda 
is  interposed  between  the  mercury  and  the  blood, 
which  is  allowed  to  enter  the  tube  for  the  pur- 
pose of  preventing  its  coagulation.  The  pressure 
of  the  blood  on  the  mercury  in  the  descending 

rtion  of  the  bent  tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise 
the  ascending  portion;  and  the  degree  to 


which  it  rises  indicates  the  pressure  under  which 
the  blood  moves. 

H^MAGASTRIO  PESTILENCE,  Fever, 
yellow. 

ILSMAGOGUM,  Paonlsw 

RSMAGO'GUS,  from  'aipo,  'blood,'  and  ay*, 
'I  drive  off.'  A  medicine  whieh  promotes  the* 
menstrual  and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

HiEMAL,  fronf  'aipa,  'blood.'  Relating  to  the 
blood  or  blood-vessels. 

Hjbkax  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pro- 
jections anteriorly  from  the  body  of  the  vertebrae 
of  the  ribs  and  sternum.  It  encloses  the  great 
blood-vessels. — Owen. 

Hjbmal  Axis,  Aorta— h.  Spine,  Sternum. 

RSMALO'PIA,  Hamophthalmia,  Hamalopis. 

HjEMALOPIS,  Hamophthalmia. 

HJBMALOPS,  Hamophthalmia. 

RfiMAN'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A  beautiful 
South  African  plant,  Nat.  OnL  Amaryllidea,  the 
bulb  of  whioh  is  employed  as  a  diuretic  It  is 
given  as  an  oxymel  in  asthma  and  dropsy.  The 
fresh  leaves  are  antiseptic,  and  applied  to  foul, 
flabby  ulcers,  and  in  anthrax. 

HJSMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA,  (P.)  Hlma- 
pSritonirrhagie  ;  from  'atua,  'blood,'  wtpirovatev, 
'  peritoneum,'  and  payn, '  a  violent  rupture.'  An 
exhalation  of  blood  into  the  peritoneum. 

BUEMAPlLfi'IN,  Hamatopha'wn,  Httmovihat- 
um,  from  'aifia, '  blood,'  and  faiot,  '  of  a  dusky 
colour.'  A  term  applied  by  Simon  to  the  brown 
colouring  matter  of  the  blood,  supposed  by  some 
to  be  nothing  more  than  hamatin  modified  by  an 
alkali. 

HJEMAPH'OBUS,  Hamopk'obue,  from  '<K/m, 
'blood,'  and  <po(3os, ' dread.'  One  who  has  a  dread 
of  blood : — who  cannot  look  at  it  without  fainting. 

HjEMAPOPHYSES,  Costal  cartilages,*  see 
Costa. 

UMUAVOB.'lA,H(Binatapor/ia,H(Bmatopo  -Sa, 
Oligoha'mia,  Oligemia,  from  'oi/co,  'blood,'  and 
awQpos,  'poor.'    Paucity  of  blood.    See  Anamia. 

H-fiMAPTYSIS,  Hamoptysis. 

HJEMAS,  'aipas,  gen.  'sujtait.   A  blood- vwseL 

HiEMASTATICA,  Hamatostatica. 

ILEMASTAT'ICE,  from  'ouia,  'blood/  and 
icmtfti,  'I  remain,'  'reside.'  A  soienoe,  which 
treats  of  the  strength  of  the  blood-vessels  j  Hy- 
mastat'ic*. 

H^MATANGIONOSUS,  Hamadonosus. 

RfiMATANGIOSIS,  Hamadonosus. 

HjEMATAPORIA,  Hamaporia. 

H^MATAPORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 

H^ffiMATEC'LYSIS,  Hamotex'ia,  H<smotexfisf 
Hamatoeep'sis,  San'guini*  dissolu'tio;  from  'at^o, 
'  blood,'  and  u\vats, '  loosening.'  Dissolution  of 
the  blood. 

H^ffiMATELiEUM,  see  Blood. 

ILffiMATEM'ESIS,  from  *atpa,  'blood/  and 
c/ca»,  '  I  vomit'  Vom'itut  oruen'tue,  Hamorrka'- 
gia  Havnatem'eeis,  Vom'itue  sea  Vomit" io  San'- 
guini*, Ga»trorrhag"ia,  Gastro-h<8tnorrkag"ia, 
He3morrhag"ia  ventric'uli,  Hamorrkce'a  ventrtV- 
uli,  Vomiting  of  Blood,  (P.)  HhnaUmUe,  Po- 
mieeement  de  sang.  Hamatemesis  is  generally 
preceded  by  a  feeling  of  oppression,  weight,  and 
dull  or  pungent  pain  in  the  epigastrio  and  in  the 
hypochondriac  regions;  by  anxiety,  and,  occa- 
sionally, by  syncope.  Blood  is  then  passed  by 
vomiting,  and  sometimes,  also,  by  stool,  —  the 


HEMATENCEPHALTJM 


422 


HEMATODYNAMOMETER 


blood  being  generally  of  a  grumous  aspect  Hre- 
matemesis  may  be  active  or  passive,  acute  or 
chronic.  The  blood  effused  proceeds,  almost  al- 
ways, from  a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  mucous  mambrane  of  the  stomach. 
It  is  often  observed  in  females  whose  menstrual 
secretion  is  irregularly  performed.  It  is  not  of 
much  danger,  except  when  connected  with  dis- 
ease of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 
On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted haemateraesis, — for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger, — the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  inflamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food ;  rest ;  the  bori- 
sontal  posture;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active ;  cold,  acidulous  drinks,  Ac,  constitute  the 
usual  treatment 

HEMATENCEPHALUM,  Apoplexy. 

HEMATEPAGOGE,  Congestion. 

H^EMATERA,  Hepatirrhoaa. 

H^EMATERUS,  Sanguine. 

HEMATERYTHRUM,  Huematin: 

ILEMATEXOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 

HjEMATHIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 

HEMATHORAX,  Hsematothorax. 

H^EMATIASIS,  Hrematonosus. 

H^EMAT'ICA,  from  'aipa,  'blood.'  Diseases 
of  the  sanguineous  function : — the  third  class  in 
the  nosology  of  Good.  Also,  medicines  that  act 
on  the  blood. — Pereira. 

HjEMAtica  Doctrina,  Hematology. 

ttEMATICUS,  Sanguine. 

HEMATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 

H^E'MATIN,  HamatVna,  Hem'atine,  Hama- 
tosin,  Uem'atosine,  Havnater'y  thrum,  Hamer'y- 
thrum,  Zoohem'atin,  Hemaehro'in,  Cru'orin,  Ru- 
brin,  Glob'ulin  of  Borne ;  from  aipa,  *  blood.'  The 
red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.  It  resides  in 
distinct  particles  or  globules,  and,  in  the  opi- 
nion of  some  observers,  in  the  envelope  of  the 
globules.  It  appears  to  be  of  a  peculiar  charac- 
ter, and  one  that  has  not  yet  been  determined 
by  the  chemist  That  the  colour  of  the  blood  is 
not  owing  to  the  peroxide  of  iron  which  it  con- 
tains, is  shown  by  the  fact  mentioned  by  Scherer, 
that  he  removed  the  iron  by  acids,  and  yet  a 
deep  red  tincture  was  formed  when  alcohol  was 
added  to  the  residuum. 

ttfiMATIN'IC,  Hcmatin'icua:  from  htsmatin, 
'the  red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.'  An  agent 
that  augments  the  number  of  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood. — Pereira. 

HiEMATINUS,  Sanguine. 

HiEMATIS'CHESIS,  ff amis' chest*,  Hamo- 
eryph'ia,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and  iv^eiv,  'to  sup- 
press.' The  retention  or  suppression  of  a  natural 
or  artificial  flow  of  blood. 

H^MATISMUS,  Epistaxis,  Hsemorrhagia. 

HEMATISTH'MUS,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and 
tripos,  'pharynx.'  Hemorrhage  into  the  pharynx. 

HEMATI'TES,  jy<*ma*t'<w,from  'ai/ia,  'blood.' 
Resembling  blood.  Lapis  Eamati'tcs.  A  beau- 
tiful ore  of  iron,  called  also,  Bloodstone,  O'chrea 
rubra,  Ox'ydum  fer'ricum  cry tallina* turn  nati'- 
tmm,  Ferrum  HamaHtes.  When  finely  levigated, 
and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  frequent 
washings  with  water,  it  has  been  long  recom- 
mended in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, Ac,  in  doses  of  from  one  soruple  to  three  or 
four.  Also,  a  vessel  that  contains  blood,  'aiuan- 
vti  #Xc\l/. 

HJEMATMUS,  Gas  sanguinis. 

H  AMATOCATHAR'TICA,  from  'aiua,  'blood,' 
and  KaPapo-ir,  'purification  or  purgation.'  Reme- 
dies for  purifying  the  blood. 

HEMATOCELE,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'   and 


KnXn,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood.  By 
some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tumour 
formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  areolar  texture) 
of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it  for  tumours 
arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis : — hematocele,  according  to  them,  differ- 
ing from  hydrocele,  only  in  the  character  of  the 
effusion. — Heister.  Others,  again,  have  applied 
it  to  effusions  of  blood  into  the  interior  of  the 
tunica  albuginea  itself.  —  Richter.  The  first  is 
the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most  commonly 
caused  by  wounds  or  contusions;  and  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistic*,  discutients,  Ac  Some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  evacuate  the  effused  blood. 

Hematocele  Arteriosa,  Aneurism. 

H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM  DISEASE,  En- 
cephaloid. 

HiEMATOCHE'ZIA,  from  'aipa,  'blood,' and 
Xlfa  'I  go  to  stool.'  Sedes  eruen'UB,  Catarrhexfi* 
vera,  J5nterorrhag"ia  simplex,  Diarrhoea  eruenta 
seu  sanguinolen'ta,  ffcB'mato-diarrhoo'a,  H&mor- 
rhag"ia  intestino'rum,  En,tero-hamorrkag"ia9 
(F.)  Himorrhagie  des  intestins,  FcouUment  <U 
sang  par  FInteetin.  Discharge  of  blood  by  stool. 
See  Melaena. 

H^MATOCHTSIS,  Heemorrhagia. 

HjEMATOCCE'LIA,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and 
KoiXia,  '  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  abdomen. 

RffiMATOCOL'PUS,  from  'aipa,  'blood/  and 
roXirof,  '  vagina.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  va- 
gina. Accumulation  of  blood  owing  to  occlusion 
of  the  vagina. 

H^EMATOCYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

HJEMATOCYSTE,  Hematoma  saccatum. 

REMATOCYST'IS,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and 
Kvaris,  '  bladder.'    Hemorrhage  into  the  bladder. 

H^EMATO'DES,  HamatoVdts,  Sanguineus, 
Ha'matoid,  He'matoid,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and 
ciSof.  '  appearance.'  That  which  contains  blood, 
or  has  the  character  of  blood. 

HjEMATODES  Fungus,  Hamatomy'cee,  Fungus 
canero'sus  hamate' des,  Mela'na/ungo'sa  carctno'- 
des,  Angidiospon'gus,  Angiomy'ces,  Uamatospon'- 
gns,  Tumor  fungo'sus  sanguineus  seu  anom'alus, 
Spon'goid  inflammation,  Pulpy  or  3fcd'u?lary 
Sarco'ma,  Careino'ma  Hamato'dcSy  Carcino'ma 
Spongiosum,  Bleeding  Fungus,  Soft  Cancer,  (P.) 
Careindme  sanglant,  Himatoncie  fongdlde.  An  ex- 
tremely alarming  carcinomatous  affection,  which 
was  first  described,  with  accuracy,  by  Mr.  John 
Burns,  of  Glasgow.  It  consists  in  the  develop- 
ment of  cancerous  tumours,  in  which  the  inflam- 
mation is  accompanied  with  violent  heat  and  pain, 
and  with  fungus  and  bleeding  excrescences.  Even 
when  the  diseased  part  is  extirpated,  at  a  very 
early  period,  recovery  rarely  follows;  other  or- 
gans being  generally  implicated  at  the  same  time. 
Fungus  hSBmatodes  was  the  term  first  applied  to 
the  disease  by  Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burnt 
called  it  Spongoid  inflammation,  from  the  spongy, 
elastic  feel,  which  peculiarly  characterises  it,  and 
continues  even  after  ulceration  has  taken  place. 
The  disease  has,  most  frequently,  been  met  with 
in  the  eyeball,  the  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
testicle  and  mamma j  but  it  oocurs  in  the  uterus, 
ovary,  liver,  spleen,  brain,  lungs,  thyroid  gland, 
and  in  the  hip  and  shoulder-joint 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this  name, 
those  tumours  which  were  formerly  termed  amor- 
male*,  eaverneuses,  variqueuses,  called  ErtetiUm 
by  Dupuytren,  Hematoncics,  by  Alibert,  and  Te- 
langieetasim  by  Grafe. 

HiEMATODIARRHCEA,  Haematocheria. 

H  JBMATOD  YNAMOMETER,  Htemadynamo- 
meter. 


KfiMATOGASTSfi 


428 


HJRMATOXYLON 


ttEMATOGASTER,  from  'atpa,  'blood,'  and 
yttvrvp,  'stomach.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
stomach. 

H.SMATOGENETICA,  Hamatopoietioa. 

HffiMATOGLOBULIN,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

HiBMATOGRA'PHIA,  Hesmatog'raphy,  from 
'aifia,  '  blood/  and  ypatpri,  'a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  blood. 

HJEMATOID,  Haematodes. 

ILMMATOL'OGY, Hematology, Bccmatolog"ia, 
Jfmmat'ica  doctri'na,  (F .)  HSmatologie,  from  'ai/ia, 
'  blood,'  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.'  That  part  of 
medicine  which  treats  of  the  blood. 

Hematology,  Patholog"ical,  (F.)  Himaiolo- 
gie  pathologique.  Observation  of  the  blood  to 
detect  its  varying  characters  in  disease. 

RSJIATOL'YSES,  (G.)  Hamatolysen, 
from  'atpa,  'blood,'  and  ivctt,  'solution.'  An 
order  of  diseases  in  which  there  is  diminished 
coagulability  of  the  blood. — Fuchs. 

RffiMATOLYTICUM,  Spantemio. 

H-ffiMATO'MA,  Thrombus,  Tumor  sanguineus. 
A  bloody  tumour,  especially  of  the  scalp  of  the 
new-born. 

Hah ato'ma  Sacca'tuy.  An  encysted  tumour 
containing  blood — IfemcUocys'te. 

ILfiMATOMANTI'A,  from  'atpa,  'blood,'  and 
uarrua,  '  divination.'  Judgment  of  disease  from 
the  appearance  of  the  blood. 

HiEMATOMATRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

H^SMATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio  san- 
guinis. 

H.EMATOMETRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

HjEMATOMMA,  Hiemophthalmia. 

H^MATOMPHALOCE'LE,  Hasmatom' pKa- 
I  lum,  Uamatompha'  lus,  from  *atpa,  '  blood/  opfaXos, 
'  the  navel/  and  r^Aij,  '  a  tumour.'  Umbilical  her- 
nia, the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  serum;  or 
which  has,  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  varicose 
reins;  constituting  Varicom'phalus. 

HJEMATOMPUALUM,  Hasmatomphalocele. 

H^MATOMYCES,  Haematodes  fungus. 

H^MATON'CUS,  (F.)  Htmatoncie,  from  'atpa, 
'  blood/  and  ovkos,  '  a  tumour.'  Alibcrt  has  given 
this  name  to  the  Aavi  mater'ni,  Varicose  tumour*. 
He  admits  three  varieties: — the  H.fongoide,  H. 
framboise,  and  H.  tube"  reuse. 

RffiMATON'OSUS,  Hasmati'atis,  JTamatopa- 
thi'a,  Hamopalhi'a,  from  'atpa,  'blood/  and  vovos, 
'  disease.'  A  disease  of  the  blood.  Blood-disease. 

JLBMATOPATHIA,  Hsematonosus. 

HJ3MATOPEDESIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H^MATOPERICAR'DIUM,  from  'atpa, 
'blood/  and  rrfucaprW,  'pericardium.'  Effusion 
of  blood  into  tho  pericardium. 

H^vMATOPH^EUM,  Heamaphaein. 

H^M  ATOPHIL'IA,  Hamophil'ia,  Hamorrho- 
phil'ia,  Idiosynera'sia  havnorrhag"ioa,  from  'atpa, 
'blood/  and  0iAcw,  '  I  love.'  A  hemorrhagic  dia- 
thesis. 

HiEMATOPHLEBES'TASIS.  Sudden  sup- 
pression of  a  hemorrhage ;  —  from  araan  'atparos 
f\t0uvj  '  suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' — 
Galen. 

H£!M  ATOPHOB'IA,  ffamophob'ia,  from  'atpa, 
'blood/  and  $o0os,  'dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at 
the  sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  Ac. 

H^EMATOPHTHALMIA,  Haamopthalmia. 

HiEMATOPH'THORES,  (G.)  Hamatoph- 
thoren;  from  'atpa,  'blood/  andffaoa,  'corrup- 
tion.' An  order  of  diseases  in  the  classification 
of  Fuchs,  in  which  the  blood  is  materially  altered 
in  its  composition,  as  a  typhus. 


ILEMATOP'ISIS,  (F.)  HtmatopUxe.  M.  Ca* 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Himatopisie 
uterine,  from  analogy  with  Hydropisie  uUrine,  to 
a  collection  of  blood  which  sometimes  takes  place 
in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to  faulty  conforma- 
tion, the  exit  of  the  menstrual  flux  is  prevented. 

H^MATOPLA'NIA,  Hamatoplane'sis,  from 
'atpa,  '  blood/  and  rAwr,  '  wandering.'  A  vica- 
rious hemorrhage. 

Hjematopla'xia  Menbtbua'lis,  Menstruation, 
vicarious. 

HiEMATOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HjBMATOPCEA,  Haematopoetica. 

H^MATOPOESIS,  Hamatosis. 

HJSMATOPOET'ICA,  Hamatopce'a,  Hasmato- 
genet'ica,  'bloodmakere/  from  'atpa,  'blood/  and 
rouw,  '  I  make.'  Agents  that  favour  hamatosis. 
Iron  was  called  by  the  ancients  metal' lusn  Karma- 
topoet'icum. 

RfiMATOPOIESIS,  Hamatosis. 

REMATOPORIA,  Hoemaporia. 

Hi=EMATOPS,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HiEMATOPSIA,  Hamophthalmia. 

HiEMATOPTYSIA,  HsDmoptysis. 

H^EMATOPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

HiEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitic*. 

HiEMATORRHAGIA,  Hamorrhagia. 

HjEMATORRHCEA,  Haemorrhagia. 

H^MATORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 

ELEMATORRHYSIS,  Haemorrhagia. 

nMMATOSCREOCE'LV,Hamo*cheocefli,Ha- 
matos'eheum,  from  'atpa,  'blood/ o^tov,  'scrotum/ 
and  (0/X17,  'rupture.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
scrotum. 

HJEMATOSCHEUM,  Hamatoscheocele. 

H^M  ATOSCOP'IA,  Hamoscop 'ia,(F. ,)Htmor- 
rhoscopie, from  'atpa,  'blood/  and  tncontu,  'I  view.' 
An  examination  of  blood  drawn. 

H^EMATOSEPSIS,  Hamateclysis. 

H^MATOSIN,  Haematin. 

H^EMATO'SIS,  Examato'sts,  Enhatmato'sis, 
Hamatopoie'sis,  If&matopoe'sis,  Proerea'tio  san- 
guinis,-  Decarboniza'tion,  Atmospheriza'tion  of 
the  blood;  Sang uijica't ion;  from  'atpa,  'blood.' 
The  transformation  of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle 
into  arterial  blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also, 
Atra'tion,  Arterial iza'tion  of  the  blood.  Forma- 
tion of  blood  in  general. 

H.SMATOSPILIA,  Purpura  hamorrhagica. 

n^EMATOSPONGUS,  Hamatodes  fungus. 

HiEMATOSTAT'ICA,  from  'ai/ia,  '  blood/  and  x 
(Tranter),  '  statics.'  Ischm'mia,  Hamastat'ica,  Ha- 
matostnt'ics,  Hamoetat'ics,  Enm'ma,  (F.)Hfmatos- 
tatiques,  Himastatiques,  Hfmostatiquea.  The  doc- 
trine of  tho  motion  of  the  blood  in  living  bodies. 
Also,  remedies  for  stopping  blood. — Catastaltica. 

H^EMATOS'TEON,  from  '«/*«,  'blood/  and 
oortwv,  '  a  bone.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  bones 
or  joints. 

H^MATOSYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

HvEMATOSYNAGOGE,  Congestion. 

HJ3MATOTELANGIOSI8,  Telangiectasia. 

HJSMATO'TIS,  Hmma'tus,  from  '«,«,  'blood/ 
and  ovs,  gen.  uros,  *  the  ear.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  inner  ear. 

HiEMATOTHO'RAX,  Hatmatho'rax,  Brno, 
tho'rax,  Hamop'tysis  inter' nat  Plevrorrhoe'a  san- 
guin'ea,  Pneumorrhag"ia  inter' na,  Hemorrhag"io 
Pleu'risy,  Pleural  hemorrhage,  from  'ai/m,  'blood/ 
and  0upo£  '  the  chest.'  Extravasation  of  blood 
into  the  chest 

H^MATOX'YLOX  CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica,  Logwood,  The  part  of  the 
tree,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  wood,  Havnatox'yli 
Lignum,  Lignum  Oampechen'si,  L.  CampecMa'- 


BJEHATCRESIS 


424 


HAEMOPTYSIS 


mm*,  L.  Oampeseafnum,  L.  In'dieum,  L.  Sappan, 
L.  Brasilia' mum  rubrum,  L.  eetru'lenm,  (F.)  Beds 
sit  Camptche.  Family,  LeguninossB.  Sex.  SysL 
Desaadria  Monogynia.  Logwood  is  almost  ino- 
dorous ;  of  a  sweetish,  subaetringent  taste ;  and 
deep  red  colour.  Its  virtues  ere  extracted  both 
by  water  and  aloohoL  It  is  astringent  and  tonic, 
and  is  used  in  the  protracted  stage  of  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery. 

HJEMATURESIS,  Hematuria. 
HjEMATU'RIA,  Hamature'sis,  from  'usm, 
'blood/  and  svsem,  *  I  make  urine.'  Voiding  of 
blood  by  urine.  Jfamorrhag"ia  hamatu'ria,  H. 
ex  viris  urina'riis,  Hamure'sis,  Havnu'ria,  Mictio 
cruen'ta,  M.  Sanguin'ea,  Jlictus  Cruen'tus  sen 
Sanguineus,  Hamorrha'a  via' -nun  urinaria' mm, 
Sanguis  in  Uri'na,  Bloody  urine,  (F.)  Pissement 
de  Sang,  HimaturU.  Hemorrhage  from  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  urinary  passages.  Like 
other  hemorrhages,  it  may  be  active  or  passive. 
It  may  proceed  from  the  kidneys,  bladder,  or 
urethra.  The  essential  symptoms  are: — blood, 
evacuated  by  the  urethra ;  preceded  by  pain  in 
the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys,  and  accom- 
panied by  faintness.  Whencesoever  it  proceeds, 
nttmaturia  usually  takes  place  by  exhalation. 
Rapture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means  common  in  the 
mucous  membranes.  Active  hematuria  requires 
general  or  local  blood-letting ;  diluent  and  cool- 
ing drinks;  absolute  rest,  and  the  horizontal 
posture.  The  chronic  kind  is  more  troublesome* 
It  requires  acidulated  or  aluminous  drinks ;  cha- 
lybeate* and  tonics  in  general.  When  hematuria 
is  excessive,  cold  injections  may  be  thrown  into 
the  rectum  or  into  the  vagina  of  women,  and  to- 
pical applications  be  made  to  the  perinseum. 

Hematuria  Cystica,  Cystorrhagia— h.  Ejacu- 
latoria,  Bpermatocyitidorrhagia  —  h.  Seminalis, 
Spermatocyitidorrhagia — h.  Stillatitia,  Urethror- 
rhagia. 

HAEMATTT8,  HsBmatotis. 

HJEMAXIS,  Blood-letting. 

HiEMENCEPIIALUS,  Apoplexy. 

HiEMERYTHRUM,  H* matin. 

HASMIDR08IS,  see  Diapedesis. 

HiBMISCHESIS,  Hasmatischesis.  , 

HiEMI'TIS,  from  'atpa,  '  blood,'  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  blood.  (F.)  Ilemite.  The  alteration  of  the 
blood  that  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases. — 
Piorry. 

Ii^MO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism,  (acute.) 

HiBMOCARDIORRHAG"IA,  Apoplex'ia  cor 
die,  Apoplexy  of  the  heart,  from  *atua,  '  blood.' 
ttapiia.  '  the  heart,'  and  *pnywui,  '  I  break  forth.' 
Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substanoe  of  the  heart 

RfflMOCERCH'NOS.  This  term  has  received 
two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different  flenses 
in  which  km***  **  employed ;  signifying,  some- 
times, hissing;  at  others,  dry.  Consequently, 
the  Hellenists  have  translated  the  compound 
word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood,  with  hissing 
in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacuation  of  dry 
matters. 

H^MOCRTPHIA,  HamatiBchesis. 

H^MODES,  Sanguine. 

HjEMO'DIA,  Hamodias'mus,  Bemo'dia,  Bs- 
betu'do  sen  Stupor  Den'  tium,  from  'ai/iutScu,  ('atua, 
'  blood,'  and  otovs,  '  a  tooth,') '  I  have  pain  in  the 
teeth.'  Pain  in  the  teeth, — and  more  especially 
Agreement,  or  the  setting  on  edge  of  those  bodies 
by  acid  or  acerb  substances.  It  is  also  called 
Odon'tia  Stupo'ris,  OdontaV'gia  hatmo'dia,  Dolor 
den' tium  d  strido'ri,  Cataplexy's,  Odontamblyog'- 
■MM,  Odcnthyperasthc'sis,  Tooth-edge. 

HAEMODIASMUS,  Hstmodia, 

1LSM0IDE8,  Sanguine. 

HjEMOPATHIA,  Hasmatonoras. 


HJnfOPERICAB'Dim;  Pericardi'ti*  eam- 
datofria,  from  'mtsm,  'blood,'  and  pericardium* 
Effusion  of  blood  into  the  pericardium. 

ILfiMOPE&ITONJB'Uk,  from  W,  'blood/ 
and  n^YWMitr,  'peritoneum.'  Elusion  of  blood 
into  the  peritoneum. 

H^EMOPEX'Lfi,  (O.)  HSmopcxien,  from 
'mtf,  'blood,'  and  ntfis,  'coagulation.'  An  order 
of  diseases  in  which  there  is  increased  coagu- 
lability of  the  blood. — Byperino'sis  son' glints. — 
Fuchs. 

H^MOPHEUM,  Hssmaphein. 

HAEMOPHILIA,  Hsematophilia. 

ELSMOPHOBIA,  Hssmatophobia. 

H^MOPHTHAL'MIA,  Bemat  ophthmV  tuo, 
Basmatopfsia,  from  'atmm,  'Mood,'  and  o+QaXpst, 
'  eye.'  Bamalo'pia,  Hamah/pis,  Bet'malops.  EC 
fusion  of  blood  into  the  eye.  When  the  extrava- 
sation is  external,  it  is  called  B.  exter,naKBypos- 
phag'ma  nndBamalop*  extern**;  when  internal, 
Hamopkthal'mia  inter1  na,  Bydrophthal'mus  cm. 
en' tut,  Hypoch'ysis  JuemaUr'des,  Hcrmatom'ma,  and 
Ba'malops  inter' nut.    A  blood-shot  eye. 

1LEM0PLANIA  MEKSTRUALIS,  Menstru- 
ation, vicarious. 

HiEMOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HiBMOPROCTIA,  Hssmorrhois. 

HJEMOPTOE,  Hemoptysis— h.  Laryngea  et 
Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia. 

HAEMOPTOSIS,  Hssmoptysis. 

RfiMOP'TYSIS,  from  <aiua,  'blood,'  and  mu, 
'I  spit'  Spitting  of  blood,  Bajmorrhag"ia  Ba- 
mop'tysis,  Bamap'tysis,  Bamatoptys'ia,  Hcsma- 
top'tysis,  Emp'toi,  Emop'toi,  Empto'ica  pasfsio9 
Bamoptys'mus,  Bamopto'sis,  Sputum  sang'uinis, 
San'guinis  fluor  pulmo'num,  JSmoptofiea  pat'eio, 
Havnotie'mue,  Hawiorrha'a  pulmona'lie,  Cruen'ta 
exepui'tio,  E<pmorrhag"ia  pulmo'nit,  Pa**eio  *«- 
mopto'ica,  Bejcc'tio  sang*vini*  i  pulmo'nioM,  Ex- 
pectora'tio  eang'uinie,  H<zmorrhag"ia  Bron'chico, 
Pneumorrhagf,ia,Pneumonorrhag',iatPncumonor- 
rhm'a,  BronchorrKaglfia,  Emp'tyeie,  Htzmop'toi, 
Sputum  cruen'tum,  (F.)  Bemoptyeie,  Crachement 
de  eang,  Expectoration  de  sang.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs ;  cha- 
racterised by  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less 
florid  and  frothy  blood.  It  is  generally  preceded 
by  cough ;  dyspnoea;  sense  of  heat  in  the  chest, 
Ac.  It  is  important  to  discriminate  between 
hsemoptyBis,  produced  by  some  accidental  cause 
acting  irregularly  or  periodically  on  the  lungs; 
and  that  which  is,  as  it  were,  constitutional,  and 
dependent  on  some  organic  affection  of  the  lungs, 
or  some  faulty  conformation  of  the  chest  These 
two  varieties  differ  as  much  in  their  prognosis 
and  method  of  treatment,  as  in  their  causes.  Con* 
stitutional  htemoptysis  is  a  serious  disease,  almost 
always  announcing  phthisis  pulmonalis.  The  ac- 
cidental variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  by  frequent 
recurrence,  or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  general  causes  of  haemoptysis  are  the  same 
as  those  of  other  kinds  of  hemorrhage.  It  has, 
besides,  particular  causes;  such  as  too  great  ex* 
eroise  of  the  lungs; — loud  speaking,  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  breathing  acrid  vapours,  Ac 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  and  the  age 
of  35.  A  sudden  and  terrific  kind  of  hemoptysis) 
is  sometimes  met  with;  consisting  in  a  great 
afflux  of  blood  to  the  lungs.  This  has  been 
called  Pul'tnonary  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia  pulmo- 
na'lis,  A.  pulmo'num,  Pneumorrkag,fia,  Infarc'tuM 
hamorrhag"icus  pulmo'num,  (P.)  Apopiexie  pmU 
monaire,  Htmoptysie  foudroyante,  Juimorrhagiei 
interstitielle  du  Poumon.  Infiltration  of  blood 
into  the  air-cells  may  occur  without  any  haemop- 
tysis. 

Physical  signs.  Percussion  may  not  always 
aid  us  ji  haemoptysis,  but  generally  a  clrcum* 


\ 


HJBMOPTYSMTJS 


426 


HEMORRHOIDAL 


scribed  dulness  will  be  perceived.  The  inspira- 
tory murmur,  on  auscultation,  is  feeble  or  absent, 
locally ;  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial  respiration 
and  bronchophony.  A  fine  liquid  crepitus  is  de- 
tected around  the  affected  part ;  and  in  the  larger 
tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid  bubbling  rhonohus 
is  usually  heard  The  value  of  these  signs  is  de- 
termined by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration.  The 
treatment  of  haemoptysis  must  be  like  that  of  in- 
ternal hemorrhage  in  general. 

Haemoptysis  Ietsrka,  Hematothorax — h.  La- 
ryngea  et  Trachealis,  Traeheorrhagia— h.  Phthi- 
sis, Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

H^MOPTYSMTJS,  Hemoptysis. 

HvEMORMESIS,  Hyperemia. 

HiEMORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitic*. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Hemorrhagia. 

H^MORRHAG"IA,  from  'at  pa,  'blood/  and 
mryvmfii,  '  I  break  forth.'  Sanguinis  projlu'vium 
eopio'sum,  Sanguifiux'us,  Hamatoch'ysis,  Aimer- 
rhos'a,  Hawwrrhos'a,  Hssmatorrhag"ia,  Hanutii*'- 
mus,  Hamatorrhos'a,  Hamator'rhysis,  Hamorr1hy- 
sis,  Proflu'vium  sen  Prorup'tio  sen  Bruptio  san- 
guinis, Profu'sio  Sang'uinis,  Hem'orrhage,  He- 
morrhage, Bleeding,  Lou  of  blood.  Rupturing, 
bursting,  or  breaking  of  a  blood-vessel,  (P.)  He- 
morrhagic ou  Himorhagie,  Perte  de  tang,  Flux  de 
sang.  Any  discharge  of  blood  from  vessels  des- 
tined to  contain  it  j  with  or  without  rupture  of 
their  coats.  Hemorrhages  may  be  spontaneous  or 
traumatic:  the  first  belong  to  the  domain  of  me- 
dicine, the  latter  to  that  of  surgery.  They  may, 
also,  be  internal  or  external;  general  —  as  in 
scurvy— or  local.  The  hemorrhage*  by  exhalation 
— those  which  chiefly  interest  the  physician — 
have  been  classed,  by  Pinel,  as  follows :  —  1.  He- 
morrhage of  the  Mueous  Membrane*;  Epistaxis, 
Haemoptysis,  Hematemesis,  Haemorrhoids,  He- 
maturia, Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage 
of  the  Tissues;  Cutaneous,  Cellular,  Serous,  Sy- 
novial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  active  and  passive :  in  other  woras,  into  those 
dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the  organic  ac- 
tions, and  those  dependent  upon  debility.  Ac- 
cording to  Broussais,  no  spontaneous  hemorrhage 
is  passive. ;  all  are  active,  —that  Is,  produced  by 
increased  action  and  excess  of  irritation  of  the 
blood- vessels :  they  may  occur  with  debility,  but 
not  from  debility.  He  calls  those  only  passive 
hemorrhage*,  which  are  owing  to  an  external 
lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemorrhages  have  been, 
by  some,  divided  into  constitutional,  or  those  de- 
pending on  original  conformation:  —  accidental, 
or  those  produced  by  some  adventitious  cause; 
supplementary,  or  those  which  succeed  others; 
symptomatic,  critical,  Ac. 

When  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tissue, 
or  is  interstitial,  it  receives  the  name,  with  many, 
of  apoplexy. 

Active  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhag"ia  acti'va,  H. 
arterio'sa,  Oauma  hawiorrhag"icum,  Angeior- 
rhag"ia,  oocurs  chiefly  in  the  young  and  pletho- 
ric. Good  living ;  the  use  of  fermented  liquor — 
'  excessive  exercise,  or  too  sedentary  a  life,  may 
perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponent  causes.  It  is 
commonly  preceded  by  heaviness  and  pulsation 
in  the  part,  —  owing  to  the  aftlux  of  blood  and 
consequent  hyperemia, — and  by  coldness  of  the 
extremities.  The  blood,  evacuated,  is  generally 
of  a  florid  red.  In  such  active  hemorrhages,  the 
great  indications  of  treatment  will  be,  to  dimi- 
nish plethora  where  it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the 
heart's  action.  Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold, 
will  be  the  chief  agents. 

Passive  Hemorrhage,  Hajmorrhag"ia  passi'va, 
H.  Veno'sa,  Profu'sio,  P.  hemorrhagica,  occurs 
in  those  of  weak  constitution;  or  who  have  been 


debilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor  diet,  long 
watching,  excessive  evacuations,  Ac. 

The  direct  causes  may  be: — previous  active 
hemorrhage ;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable  of 
inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hyperemia  of  tho 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local  de- 
termination. They  are  usually  accompanied  by 
paleness  of  the  countenance ;  feeble  pulse ;  faint- 
ing, Ac  The  indications  of  treatment  will  be : — 
to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  vessels  and  the 
general  tone  of  the  system :  hence  the  utility  of 
styptics  and  cold  externally ;  and  of  tonics  and 
astringents,  creosote,  mineral  acids,  Ac,  inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage  also  occurs  from  mechanical 
hyperemia,  as  when  haemoptysis  is  produced  by 
tubercles  in  the  lungs ;  hematemesis  by  disease 
of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen,  Ac 

In  Traumatic  Hemorrhage*,  or  those  which  are 
the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or  venous 
trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  and 
issues  by  jets  and  pulses,  if  it  proceed  from  an 
artery ;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper  red,  issues  slowly 
and  by  a  continuous  flow,  if  from  a  vein.  If  the 
capillary  vessels  be  alone  divided,  the  blood  is 
merely  effused  at  the  surface  of  the  wound.  Of 
the  means  used  for  arresting  these  traumatic  he- 
morrhages, some  act  mechanically  as  absorbents, 
ligature,  and  compression;  others  chymically,  as 
fire,  caustics,  creosote,  astringents,  Ac. 

Hjemorrhagia  Activa  Narium,  Epistaxis  — 
h.  Bronchica,  Hemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apoplexy 
— h.  per  Cutem,  Sudor  cruentus  —  h.  per  Diaere- 
sin,  see  Diaeresis — h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis— 
h.  Paucium,  Stomatorrhagia — h.  Gingivarum, 
TJlorrhagia — h.  Hematemesis,  Hematemesis — h. 
Hematuria,  Hematuria  —  h.  Hemoptysis,  Hae- 
moptysis— h.  Hepatica,  Hepathemorrhagia — h. 
Hepatis,  Hepatorrhagia — h.  Intestinorum,  H»- 
matochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Hemorrhois — h.  Na- 
bothi,  see  Parturition — h.  Narinea,  Epistaxis — h. 
Narium,  Epistaxis — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia— h. 
Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Hemoptysis — h. 
Renum,  Nephrorrhagia — h.  Universalis,  Purpura 
hemorrhagica  —  h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia— h. 
Ventriculif  Hematemesis  —  h.  Vesicae,  Cystorr- 
hagia. 

HJEMORRHINIA,  Epistaxis. 

BUEMORRHEffORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

RffiMORRHCE'A,  from  'aipa,  'blood/  and  **m, 
f  I  flow.'  Hamorrhagf'ia,  Loss  of  blood.  Some 
writers  have  proposed  to  restrict  this  name  to 
passive  hemorrhages. 

Hjevorrbxea  Petechials,  Purpura  hemor- 
rhagica— h.  Pulmonalis,  Hemoptysis— h.  Uterine, 
Metrorrhagia — h.  Vasorum  hemorrhoidalium, 
Hemorrhois  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Hematemesis — h. 
Viarum  urinarium,  Hematuria. 

HEMORRHOIDAL,  Hemorrhoidal,  Hemor- 
rholdaflis,  Hmmorrholdeus.  Relating  to  hemor- 
rhoids ;  as  hemorrhoidal  flux,  hemorrhoidal  tu- 
mours, Ac. 

Hemorrhoidal  Arteries  have  been  distil*, 
guished  into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  1» 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artery,  which  assumes  the  name  superior 
hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  rectum.  2,  The  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal is  furnished  by  the  hypogastric  or  inter- 
nal pudic  It  ramifies  on  the  inferior  and  ante- 
rior part  of  the  rectum.  3.  The  inferior  hemor- 
rhoidal arteries  are  branches  of  the  internal 
pudic,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  rectum 
and  to  the  muscle*  of  the  anus. 

Hemorrhoidal  Nerves.  These  emanate  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and  covet 
the  rectum  with  their  numerous  filaments. 


HEMORRHOID  AUKS 


426 


HAMOTELANGIOSIS 


Hsmobkhofdal  VenfB  follow  the  tame  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into  the 
lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in  the 
formation  of  the  hypogastric  rein. 

Hemordhoidal  Vessels,  Vasa  •eda'lia,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rectum 
—the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

HJEMORRHOIDALES  NODI,  Haemorrhois. 

HJEMORRnOIDES,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h. 
Csscsd,  see  Hasmorrhois —  h.  Fluentes,  HsBmor- 
rhois — h.  Furentes,  see  HaBmorrhois  —  h.  Maris- 
eosss,  Hssmorrhois —  h.  non  Fluentes,  Hsemor- 
rhols— h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia. 

HiBMOR'RHOIS,  Aimor'rhoU,  AeclepiaSmu*, 
from  'atpa, '  blood/  and  p*m,  '  I  flow.'  Aimor'roU, 
Procftica  Maris' ca,  Maris' ca,  Proctal'gia  £fa- 
morrhcHda'li*,  Morbus  Harmorrhoidali*,  Pile*, 
(F.)  Hemorrhoid**.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are :  —  Livid  and  painful  tubercles 
or  excrescences,  (Hemorrhoid' al  Tumour*,)  usu- 
ally attended  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood, 
(Hemorrhoid' alflux,  Proctorrhea a,  Heemoproc1 'tia, 
Hcemorrhce'a  vwtorum  hamorrholda'lium,  (F.) 
Hfmaproctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles 
are  a  sedentary  life;  accumulation  of  faeces  in 
the  rectum ;  violent  efforts  at  stool ;  pregnancy, 
Ac.  The  precursory  symptoms  are :  —  pains  in 
the  loins ;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs ;  and  un- 
easiness in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more 
or  less  gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  dis- 
order;—  constituting  the  Diath'e*i*  Hamorrhoi- 
da'lie,  Motu*  sen  Turba  Hamorrhoida'li*,  and 
Moli'men  Hamorrhoida'li,  of  most  of  the  writers 
of  Continental  Europe.  To  these  symptoms  fol- 
low one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
sin  of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus ;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense  and  painful,  they  gra- 
dually shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief  symp- 
toms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours,  when 
much  inflamed,  are  ;— constant  pain,  liable,  how- 
ever, to  exacerbations,  and  obliging  the  patient 
to  preserve  the  horizontal  posture,  and  to  become 
augmented  by  the  least  pressure,  or  by  the  pas- 
sage of  the  feeoes. 

Hemorrhoids  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  —  Hojmorrhoide*  Fluen'te*  seu  Mari*co'*a, 
Proe'tiea  Mari§'ca  cruen'ta,  Bleeding  or  Open 
Pile*/  and  into  H.  non  fluen'te*,  Proe'tiea  3fa- 
nVco  c&ca,  HcemorrhoVde*  cava  seu  furen'tes, 
Hmmorrhoida'le*  nodi,  Shut  or  blind  pile*.  They 
have,  also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult, 
and  external,  according  to  their  situation;  and 
into  accidental  or  constitutional. 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumour*  are  extremely  trouble- 
some, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  recurrence; 
and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula;  otherwise, 
they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When  anatomically 
examined,  they  are  found  not  to  consist  in  a  va- 
rioose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  rectum ;  but 
to  be  formed  of  a  very  close,  spongy,  texture; 
similar  to  that  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
vagina;  and  to  be  erectile,  like  it  They  are 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  membrane,  and  have  no 
internal  cavity.  The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  is  simple.  Rest ;  the  ho- 
risontal  posture ;  the  use  of  mild  laxatives,  as 
sulphur,  castor  oil,  and  emollient  glysters,  will 
be  sufficient  If  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches 
may  be  applied;  and  warm  cataplasms  or  cold 
lotions,  according  to  circumstances,  be  prescribed, 
with  abstinence,  and  cooling  drinks.  Afterwards, 
an  ointment,  composed  of  powdered  galls  and 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  the  relaxed 
kind,  that  suoh  ointment,  and  the  internal  uso  of 
Ward'*  Paste,  can  alone  be  expected  to  afford 


much  benefit  If,  after  repeated  attacks,  the  tu- 
mours remain  hard  and  painful,  and  threaten 
fistula,  they  may  be  removed. 

By  Hemorrhoidal  Flux,  Flux**  hemorrhoidal 
lis,  Proctorrhag"ia,  is  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  takes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to  he- 
morrhoids. It  is  a  common  affection.  The  quan- 
tity of  blood  discharged  is  various :  at  times,  it 
is  very  trifling;  at  others,  sufficient  to  induce) 
great  debility,  and  even  death.  It  is  announced 
and  accompanied  by  the  same  symptoms,  as  pre- 
cede and  attend  hemorrhoidal  tumours.  Like 
other  hemorrhages  it  may  be  active  or  passive ; 
accidental  or  constitutional.  The  prognosis  w 
rarely  unfavourable.  The  affection  may,  almost 
always,  be  relieved  by  properly  adapted  means. 
These  resemble  such  as  are  necessary  in  hemor- 
rhages in  general.  Perfect  quietude,  —  mental 
and  corporeal,  light  diet,  cooling  drinks ;  bleeding 
if  the  symptoms  indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the) 
disease  be  protracted  and  passive,)  such  as  the 
Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi;  aspersions  of  cold 
water  on  the  anus :  astringent  injections ;  plug- 
ging and  compression.  Such  will  be  the  principal 
remedial  agents.  When  the  hemorrhage  has  bo- 
come  habitual  or  is  vicarious,  some  caution  may 
be  required  in  checking  it ;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  may 
be  solicited  by  the  semicupium,  sitting  over  warm 
water ;  aloetic  purgatives,  glysters,  irritating  sup- 
positories, Ac. ;  or  leeches  may  be  applied  to  the 
anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red,  straw- 
berry-like elevation  of  the  mucous  membrane. 
Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name  vascular 
tumour.  For  its  removal  he  recommends  the  ap- 
plication of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to  produce  slough- 
ing of  its  surface. 

Some  authors  have  described  a  species  of  Len- 
corrhot'a  Ana' lis  or  whitish  discharge  from  the 
anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  haemorrhoids, 
This  they  have  called  Proctica  maris'ca  muco'sa, 
Hamor'rhoit  alba,  Hamorrhag"ia  muco'sa,  Lev- 
cor'rhoi*,  Ac     It  requires  no  special  mention. 

H .cmorrhois  ab  ExaniA,  Proctocele — h.  Pro- 
cedens,  Proctocele. 

\  H^M ORRHOIS'CHE SIS,  from 'atfiopc+tf, 
thamorrhoi*,'  sot,  'I  flow,'  and  urgo*,  'I  restrain/ 
Reten'tio  Jluxu*  hesmorrhdida' lis.  Suppression  or 
retention  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 

REMORRHOPHE'SIS,  Ab*orp'tio  sang'wni*, 
from  'aipa,  *  blood/  and  pofau,  *  I  sip  up.*  Ab- 
sorption of  blood. 

HJEMORRHOPHILIA,  Heamatophilia. 

H^MORRHOSCOPIA,  Hsematoscopia. 

H^MORRHYSIS,  Hsemorrhagia. 

HjEMOSCHEOCELE,  Hsematoscheocele. 

H^MOSCOPIA,  HaBmatoscopia. 

H^EMOSPASIA,  see  Hssmospastic 

H^MOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Htmosparique,  from 
'<n/m,  'blood/  and  enrau,  'I  draw.'  An  agent 
whioh  draws  or  attracts  blood  to  a  part;  as  a 
cupping-glass.  The  operation  is  termed  ffetmosu 
pa'tia,  (F.)  HSmospasie.  It  is  generally  applied 
to  a  process  by  which  the  air  is  exhausted  over  a 
considerable  surface,  as  over  one  or  more  of  the 
extremities,  by  an  appropriate  pneumatic  appa- 
ratus. 

Il&MOST  Il'SI  A,  HamoJta**'*,  Epid'esi*,  Sm'- 
gvinis  *tagnaftio,  (F.)  Himo*ta*ie,  from  '«i«m» 
4  blood,'  and  araots,  *  stagnation/  Stagnation  of 
blood.  This  name  has,  also,  been  given  to  any 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  arrest  the  flow 
of  blood. 

HEMOSTATICS,  HsBmatostatica. 

ILEMOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 


BLfiMOTEXIA 


427 


HALMYRODBS 


ILEMOTEXIA,  Hssmateclysis. 

HJEMOTEXIS,  Hajmateclysis. 

HEMOTHORAX,  Hamathorax. 

HJSMOTISMUS,  Hamoptysis. 

ttfiMOT'ROPHY,  Hamotroph'ia;  from  'atfia, 
'blood/  and  rpo^i>,  'nourishment.'  Excess  of 
sanguineous  nourishment— Prout. 

ttfiMURIA,  Haematuria. 

H-KMURESIS,  Hematuria, 

RfflMYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

HJBREDITARIUS,  Hereditary. 

H^ESITATIO,  Balbuties. 

HEVEA  GUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc 

HAGARD,  Haggard. 

HAGE'NIA  ABYSSIN'ICA,  Brayera  antheU 
min'tica,  Bank' Ha  Abyssin'ica.  An  Abyssinian 
tree  of  the  family  Rosacea;  Sexual  system,  Ico- 
aandria  Digynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round 
their  habitations,  as  an  ornament.  The  infusion 
or  decoction  of  its  flowers  is  employed  by  them 
as  an  anthelmintic,  especially  in  cases  of  tape- 
worm. It  is  called,  there,  Cusso  or  Koto,  and 
Habbi. 

HAGGARD,  (P.)  Hagard.  The  French  use 
the  term  Air  hagard,  GSil  hagard,  *  Haggard 
air/  * Haggard  eye/  for  a  physiognomy,  in  which 
there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  madness  and 
terror. 

HAGIOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

HAGIOXYLUM,  Guaiacum. 

HAIL,  Chalaza. 

HAIR,  Sax.  hav,  Crines,  Pilus,  Thrix,  Pile, 
(F.)PoiL  A  conical,  corneous  substance,  the  free 
portion  or  shaft,  seapus,  of  which  issues  to  a  greater 
or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to  the  tissue  of 
which  it  adheres  by  a  bulb,  Bulbus  pili,  seated  in 
the  areolar  membrane, — where  alone  it  is  sensi- 
ble. The  hair  receives  various  names  in  different 
parts  —  as  Beard,  Cilia,  Eyebrows,  Hair  of  the 
head  (Capilli,)  Ac. 

Hair,  Falling  off  of  the,  Alopecia— h.  Mat- 
ted, Plica — h.  Muscular,  Dracunculus — h.  Plaited, 
Plioa — h.  Trichomatoso,  Plica — h.  Worm,  Seta 
equina,  see  Ectozoa. 

HAIRY,  Pileoua. 

HAL,  Salt. 

HALA'TION,  Hala'tium;  diminutive  of  '«>*, 
'■alt.'  A  pungent  remedy,  with  the  ancients, 
which  contained  salts. 

HALCHEMFA.  The  alchymists  so  called  the 
art  of  fusing  salts:  from  *a\s,  'salt,' and  v«#,  'I 
pour  out.1 — Libavius. 

HALCYON,  Alcyon. 

HALCYONIUM  ROTUNDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Ephelides. 

fiALEINE,  Breath— A.  Courte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALEL.ffi'ON,  Halela'um,  from  'a**,  'salt,' 
and  iXafv,  'oil/  Oleum  Salt  mixtum.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swellings  of  the 
joints. — Galen. 

HALtiTJtRATION,  Alteration. 

HALF-CASTE,  Half-Cast,  see  Caste.  A  term 
applied,  in  India,  to  the  offspring  of  a  Hindoo 
and  a  European.  Since,  extended  to  the  offspring 
of  mixed  races.  The  subjoined  list  from  Tschudi's 
Travels  in  Peru,  1838  — 1842,  shows  the  parent- 
age of  the  different  varieties  of  half-casts,  and 
also  the  proper  designations  of  the  latter,  as  ob- 
served in  South  America. 

Parents.  Children. 

White  Father  and  Negro  Mother,    Mulatto. 
White  Father  and  Indian  Mother,    Meztiso. 
Indian  Father  and  Negro  Mother,    Chino. 
White  Father  and  Mulatta  Mother,  Cuarteron. 


f  Creole  (only  distil* 

guiahed    from    the 
...     . 


White  Father  and  MestizaMoioer  \  v.  hi  ie   by   a*  pale 
I  brownish  complex* 

White  Father  and  China  Mother,    Chino-blanco. 
While  Father  and  Cuarterona   I  «   .  . 

Mother j  Quintero. 

White  Father  and  Quintera  Mo- 1  ,_..., 

ther, )  White. 

Negro  Father  and  Mulatta  Moiher.Zambo.negro 
Negro  Father  and  Meztiza  Mothcr.Mulatto  oScuro. 
Negro  Father  and  China  Mother,     Zambo  chino. 
Negro  Father  and  Zamba  Mother.  I  ?nmbo-negro  (per- 
..  „    .  f  fectly  black.) 

Negro  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  l  Mulatto  (rather 

Quintera  Mother \  dark  ) 

Indian  Father  and  Mulatta  Mo-  I  —  . 

ther [  China-otcuro. 

Indian  Father  and  Meztiza  Mo- 5  Mestizo-claro   (ft* 

ther i  quently  very  beau- 

(  tiful.) 
Indian  Father  and  China  Mother,    Chino-cholo 
Indian  Father  and  Zamba  Mo-  l ,-.     .  „  . 

ther J  Zambo-ciaro. 

Indian  Father  with  China-choia  \  Indian  (with  rather 

Mother |  short  frizzy  hair.) 

Indian  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  j  Meztizo  (rather 

Quintera  Mother, j  brown.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  Zamba  Mo-  \  Zambo  (a  misera- 

«her jblerace.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  Meztiza  Mo-  j  Chino    (of   rather 

ther........ /  clear  complexion.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  China  Mot  her  ,Chino(raiber  dark.) 

See  Mulatto. 

HALICA,  Alica. 

HALICACALUM,  Phvsalis. 

HALICES,  Pandiculation. 

HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA,  Fucus  Tesicu- 
losus. 

HALINA'TRUM,  Halini'trum,  Haloni'tmm  / 
from  'aXy,  'salt,'  and  natrum  or  natron.  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
containing  a  little  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
which  is  found,  ready-formed,  on  the  plaster  of 
damp  walls,  in  places  inhabited  by  man  or  ani- 
mals.    Also,  PotasssB  nitras. 

HALINITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALINUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halituo'sus,  from  halitus,  'va- 
pour.' (F.)  Halitueux.  The  skin  is  said  to  be  ha- 
litueuse,  when  covered  with  a  gentle  moisture. 
The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities  of  the 
body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is  called 
Hal'itus.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled  by  the 
blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Hal'itus  San- 
guinis. 

Halitus,  Breath  — h.  Oris  Fcetidus,  Breath, 
offensive — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis.  See  Ha- 
lituous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain  iodine. 

HALLUCINATIO  HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
Hypochondriasis— h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

HALLUCINATION,#a«ue»W<«o,#aJtie?W- 
Ho,  Falla'cia,  IUu'sio  sensus,  Socor'dia,  Alu'sia, 
Rlu'sio,  Allueina'tio,  Parora'sin,  Somnia'tio  in 
statu  vig"ili,  Ido'lum,  Waking  dream,  Phan'tatm, 
from  allueinari,  'to  err;'  'to  be  deceived.'  A 
morbid  error  in  one  or  more  of  the  senses.  Per- 
ception of  objects,  which  do  not  in  fact  exert  any 
impression  on  the  external  senses.  Hallucination 
or  delusion  almost  always,  if  not  always,  depends 
on  disorder  of  the  brain,  but  is  not  an  index  of 
insanity,  unless  the  patient  believes  in  the  exist- 
ence of  the  subject  of  the  hallucination.  / 

HALLUS,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALME,  Muria. 

HALMYRO'DES,  SaUugino'sus,  Salsurig"u, 
nous,  from  'aX/tvpn,  ('aX/117, '  sea- water,'  'a\c,  salt,') 
'  a  salt  liquor/  saltish.    An  cuUhet  given  to  any 


HALMYRUS 


428 


HARMONY 


affection,  in  which  the  heat  feels  pungent  under 
the  finger  of  the  physician. — Hippocrates* 

HALMYRUS,  Saline. 

HALO,  Areola. 

Halo  Sigjca'tus.  The  impression  made  by 
the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  consisting 
of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell.  Called 
by  Haller,  Stria  retina  subject' a  ligamen'to 
tilia'ru 

HALODERjE'UM,from  'aX;,  'salt,'  and  ttpatov, 
'a  collar/  (Septj,  'neck.')  Colla'rium  tali' num. 
A  collar  of  salt  applied  to  the  neck,  as  in  cases 
of  croup. 

HALOGENE,  Chlorine. 

HALOID  UM  OXYGENATUM,  Potassse  mu- 
rias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALONIITIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HALONITRUM,  HaUnatrum. 

HALOPE'GiE,  from  <a\<,  '•><*,  'salt,'  and 
*nyn,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters  whose  chief  in- 
gredient is  common  salt — ohloride  of  sodium. 

HALOS,  Areola. 

HALOT'YLfi,  Cul'cita sali'na,  from  '«**,  'salt,' 
and  rvXi7,  '  a  bolster.'  A  bolster  or  pillow  of  salt 
recommended  in  croup. 

HALS,  'aAr, '  Bait ;'  hence Halogens,  Haloid,  Ac. 

HALTE'RES.  Pieces  of  lead  held  in  the 
bands  by  the  ancients  to  assist  them  in  leaping. 

HALUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

HALYCODES,  Saline. 

HALYCIS  MEMBRANACEA,  Bothriocepha- 
lus  latuB — h.  Solium,  Taenia  solium. 

HAM,  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA,  H,  Virgin' i- 
ea.  Witch  hazel,  Winter  tritch  hazel,  Snapping 
Hazelnut,  Winter  bloom.  The  bark  of  this  tree, 
which  is  a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  some- 
what bitter  and  sensibly  astringent;  but  it  has 
not  been  much  used.  A  cataplasm  of  the  inner 
rind  of  the  hark  is  said  to  have  been  found  effica- 
cious in  painful  inflammation  of  the  eyes. 

HAMARTHRFTIS,  Holarthri'tis,  Catholar- 
thri'tis,  Arthri'tis  universalis,  from  *apa,  'at 
once,'  and  apdpins,  'gout'  Gout  in  all  the  joints. 
Universal  gout. 

HAM'MA,  Nodus,  'a  tie.'  A  knot,  used  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part.  —  Hippocrates. 
A  truss. 

HAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HAMSTRING,  To,  see  Hamstrings. 

HAMSTRINGS,  (F.)  Jarretiere.  The  strings 
or  tendons  of  the  ham. 

The  Hamstring  Musclbs  are  tbe  biceps  femo- 
ris,  whose  tendon  forms  the  outer  hamstring;  and 
the  semimembranosus,  semitendinosus,  gracilis 
and  sartorius,  whose  tendons  form  the  inner 
hamstring, 

'  To  hamstring*  means  to  cut  the  strings  or  ten- 
dons of  the  ham. 

HAMULAR  PROCESS,  see  Hamulus. 

HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  hamus,  '  a  hook.' 
A  hook  or  crook :  Ancis'tron.  Also,  any  hook- 
like process ;  as  the  hamulus  or  hamular  proems 
af  the  pterygoid  process. 

Hamulus  Lamih*  Spiralis,  see  Lft"vw*  spi- 
nalis. 

HAMUS,  eee  Hamulus. 

HANCHE,  Haunch. 

HAND,  Manus. 

HANDS,  DROPPED,  Hand-drop,  Wrist-drop. 
A  popular  term  for  the  paralysis  of  the  hand,  in- 
duced by  the  action  of  lead. 

HANGERS,  Crusta  genu  equina. 


HANGNAIL,  (F.)  Bnvie.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  finger  nails. 

HANNEBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HAPANTIS'MUS,  Badly  formed  from  mc, 
or  'avas, '  all.'  Oblitera'tio  comple' to.  Tbe  mat- 
ting or  growing  together  of  organic  parts* 

HAPHE,  'a<pv,  'feeling,  touch.'    Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,  Haphonu'si,  from  '«*>,  'the 
touch/  Morbi  tortus.  Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

HAPLOACNE,  Acne  simplex. 

HAPLOPATHI'A,  horn  'a*X©t,  'simple/ and 
xaQos,  'disease.'  Morbus  simplex,  A  simple  or 
uncomplicated  affection. 

HAPLOTOM'IA,  Simplex  sec'tio,  IncWio  sim- 
plex, Opera' tio  simplex,  from  'a*Xof,  'simple/ and 
Top*,  '  incision.'    A  simple  incision. 

HAPSIS,  Touch. 

HAPTODYSPHOR'IA,  Tactus  dolorificws; 
from  *a$n,  'touch/  and  &v<r6opos,  'difficult  to  be 
borne.'    Painful  to  the  toucn. 

HAPTOT'ICA,  Haptot'icl,  from  ea*>n,  'touch/ 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  touch. 

HARD,  (G.)  hart,  JDurus,  SeUros,  (F.)  Dur. 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.  In  anatomy, 
the  hard  parts  are  those  which  compose  the  os- 
seous basis  of  the  body;  in  other  words,  the  skele- 
ton.   See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARD'S  FARINACEOUS  FOOD,  see  Fan- 
naceous. 

HARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARDHACK,  Spiraa  tomentosa. 

HARE -LIP,  Lagochi'lus,  Lagos' toma,  Logon'* 
tomum,  Lagen'tomum,  La'bium  Lepori'num,  Olo- 
pho'nia  Labii  Loba'ta,  Lepori'num  rostrum,  (F.) 
Bee  de  Liivre.  A  fissure  or  perpendicular  divi- 
sion of  one  or  both  lips.  It  has  been  so  called, 
in  consequence  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being 
thus  divided.  Hare-lip  is  generally  congenital ; 
at  other  times  it  is  accidental,  or  produced  by  a 
wound,  the  edges  of  whioh  have  not  been  brought 
into  contact,  and  have-  healed  separately.  It  is 
simple,  when  there  is  but  one  division ;  double, 
when  there  are  two ;  and  complicated,  when  there 
is,  at  tbe  same  time,  a  division  or  cleft  of  the  su- 
perior maxillary  bone  and  of  the  palate — Cleft  or 
Jis'sured  palate,  Wolfs  jaw,  Bictus  lupi'nus;  or 
a  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the  separation  of  the 
lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  operation,  there  are  two  Indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  to  pare,  with  tbe 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and,  af- 
terwards, to  preserve  them  in  contact;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  passed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twiBted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course,  be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  sepa- 
ration of  the  palate,  it  will  become  less  and  lees 
after  the  union  of  the  lip,  or  the  operation  of  sta* 
phyloraphy  may  be  performed  upon  it 

Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolinm— h. 
Eye,  Lagophthalmia. 

HABQNE,  Hernia— A.  Aneurysmal*,  Cinem- 
phalus. 

HABICOT,  Phaseolus  vulgaris—*.  Grand  d* 
Perou,  Jatropha  curcas. 

HARMALIA,  Aliment 

HARMONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarfry 
from  apte,  *  I  adjust'  Anatomists  have  called  £W- 
ture  by  Harmony  or  simply  Harmony,  Fals*  or 
superficial  suture,  Sutu'ra  os'sium  spu'ria,  €\>m~ 
pa'ges  os'sium  per  lin'eam  sim'pliccm,  an  immov- 
able articulation,  in  which  the  depressions  aael 
eminences,  presented  by  the  bony  surfaces,  ar% 
but  slightly  marked;  so  that  it  might  be 


HABMUS 


4S9 


HEART 


sumed  that  the  junction  of  the  bones  took  place 
by  simple  apposition  of  their  surfaces.  An  in- 
stance of  harmony  occurs  in  the  union  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bones  with  each  other. 

HARMUS,  Articulation,  Harmony. 

HAR'ROWGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  Tillages  of  High  and  Low  Harrowgate  are 
situate  in  the  oeatre  of  the  county  of  York,  near 
Enaresborough,  twenty  miles  from  York,  and 
fifteen  from  Leeds.  Here  are  several  valuable 
sulphurous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The  eulphu- 
reoue  spring*  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  ohloride 
of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  sulphohydrio  acid,  carbonic  acid,  oarbu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.  The  chalybeate 
wring*  contain  protoxide  of  iron,  ohloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  soda,  ohloride  of  calcium,  ohlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  carbonic  acid,  aaote,  and  oxy- 
gen. For  the  former,  Harrowgate  is  celebrated 
and  frequented. 

Harrowgate  Salts,  Artificial,  are  much 
employed,  and  not  unfrequently  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient  power.  They  may  be  made 
as  follows : — Sulph.  Potass,  cum  Sulph,  grj ;  Po- 
tost,  bitart.  §j ;  Magnet.  Sulph.  in  pulv.  gvj.  M. 
The  usual  dose  is  a  teaspooniul,  in  a  small  tum- 
blerful of  tepid  water,  early  in  the  morning. 

Harrowgatb  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
formed  of  common  salt,  £r ;  water,  Oiij ;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sujphuret  of  potass,  and 
sulphuric  acid,  aa  gir.  The  following  form  has 
also  been  recommended.  R.  Sulphat,  Potass, 
cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  ajj  Potass,  bitarL  Jssj 
Magnes.  sulphat.  Zv) ;  Aqua  destiUaU  Oty.  One- 
half  to  be  taken  for  a  dose. 

HARTFELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  about  five  miles  from  Moffat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Liquor 
eornu  cervi  —  h.  Red,  Spiritus  lavanduhe  com- 
posites— h.  and  Oil,  Linimentum  ammonia?  car- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TONGUE,  Asplenium  seolopendrium. 

HARTWORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli  tor- 
tuosum. 

HASCHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HASTA,  Pciiis  — h.Nuptialis#Penia--h.Vl- 
rilis,  Penis. 

HASTELLA,  Splint 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest  and 
most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the  Bouth 
eoast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low  situation, 
and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring  cliffs,  it  is 
protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all  northerly 
winds  ,*  and  hence  is  found  a  favourable  residenoe 
generally  for  invalids  labouring  under  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

HASTULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus  ramosns. 

HATFIELD'S  TINCTURE,  see  Tinctura  Gua- 
iaci  ammoniata. 

HAUNCH,  Ck*o,(Wn'dia^  of  theLatina;  ayxt, 
or  <«%(9v,  of  the  Greeks;  Ancha,  Ischion,  Ospkys, 
JRpt  Costa,  (F.)  Hanche.  The  region  of  the  trunk 
-which  is  formed  by  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pelvis 
and  the  hip-joint,  inoluding  the  soft  parts.  In 
women,  on  account  of  the  greater  width  of  the 
pelvis,  the  haunches  are  more  marked  and  pro- 
minent than  in  men. 

HAUSTEL'LATE,  HaueteUa'tus,  from  haurio, 
haustus,  'I  drink  up.'  An  epithet  for  the  struc- 
ture of  mouth,  which  is  adapted  for  drinking  or 
tramping  up  liquids.  Insects,  which  possess  that 
kind  of  mouth,  are  so  named.  Ehrenberg  refers 
the  fancied  spermatos  oon  to  the  hanitellate  en- 


HAUSTUS,  Po'Ho,  PoHun'cula.  A  Draught 
A  liquid  medicine,  which  can  be  taken  at  a 
draught 

Haustus  Nig**,  see  Infusum  sennas  oompo- 
situm. 

HAUT  MAL,  EpUepsy. 

HAVAN'A  or  HAVAN'NAH,  CLIMATE  OF. 
The  climate  of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and 
so  far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable  for 
those  of  weak  lungs  than  that  of  the  United 
States.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  high 
(78°),  but  the  difference  between  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  the  warmest  and  coldest  months  is 
twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAW,  BLACK,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

HAWENUT,  Bunium  bulbooastanum. 

HAWKWEED,  VEINY,  Hieractum  venosum. 

HAWTHORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  oxyaean- 
tha. 

HAT,  CAMEL'S,  Junous  odoratus— h.  Asthma, 
Fever,  Hay. 

HATRIFF,  Galium  sparine. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rostrata— h.  Crot- 
tlos,  Lichen  pulmonarius— h.  Nut,  snapping,  Ha- 
mamelis  Virginiana — h.  Nut  tree,  Corylus  avei- 
lana — h.  Witch,  Hamamelis  Virginiana. 

HEAD,  Sax.  heapoo,  heapo,  heaved;  the  past 
partioiple  of  heafan,  '  to  heave  up.'  Caput,  Ce- 
phali,  Oy'bi,  (F.)  THe.  The  head  forms  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  body,  and  tops  the  skele- 
ton. It  consists  of  the  cranium  and  face.  The 
first,  which  comprises  all  the  superior  and  poste- 
rior "part»  has  the  eneephalon  in  its  cavity :  the 
latter  forms  only  the  anterior  part,  and  serves  as 
the  rooeptaole  for  the  greater  part  of  the  organs 
of  the  senses. 

Head,  Watbb  in  tub,  Hydrocephalus. 

Hbad  Ach,  CephalssSy  Cephalalgia  —  h.  Ach, 
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica— h.  Ach,  sick, 
Cephalsea  spasmodioa. 

HEADY,  same  etymon  as  Head.  (F.)  Capiteux. 
That  which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  ap- 
plied to  wines,  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Prunella 
vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HEALING,  Curative— h.  Art,  Medicine. 

HEALTH,  Sanitas. 

HEALTHY,  Salutary. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness— h. 
Perverse,  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heojit,  Germ.  Hers,  Cor,  Cear, 
Cer,  Oar'dia,  Ktap,  eco,  xapita,  (F.)  Cceur,  An 
asygous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyramidal 
shape;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the  left 
side,  in  the  chest ; — resting  on  the  diaphragm  by 
one  of  its  surfaces : — suspended  by  its  base  from 
the  great  vessels ;  free  and  movable  in  the  rest 
of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the  pericardium. 
The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  heart  is  thin 
and  sharp,  and  is  called  Margo  a  at*  t  us:  the  left 
is  thick  and  round,  and  termed  Margo  obtufsus. 
It  is  hollow  within,  and  contains  four  cavities ; 
two  of  which,  with  thinner  and  less  fleshy  walls, 
receive  the  blood  from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of 
the  body,  and  pour  it  Into  two  others,  with  thick 
and  very  fleshy  parietes,  which  send  it  to  the 
lungt  and  to  every  part  of  the  body.  Of  these 
cavities,  the  former  are  called  auricles,  the  latter 
ventricles.  •  The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  the  Pulmonic  or  right  or  anterior  heart,  (F.) 
Cceur  du  poumon,  C,  du  sang  noir,  C.  droit,  C. 
anUrieur:  and  the  left  auricle  and  ventricle,  the 
systemic,  corporeal,  left,  or  aortic  heart,  (F.)  Catur 
du  corps,  G.  gauche,  0.  aortigue  ou  C.  rouge.  In 
the  adult,  these  are  totally  distinct  from  each 
other,  being  separated  by  a  partition  j —the  s«j* 


HEART 


430 


HBAT 


fv*»  cordis.  Into  the  right  auricle,  the  ven» 
cavaa, — superior  and  inferior, — and  the  coronary 
vein,  open.  The  pulmonary  artery  arises  from 
the  right  ventricle;  the  four  pulmonary  veins 
open  into  the  left  auricle,  and  the  aorta  arises 
from  the  left  ventricle. 

The  mean  weight  of  the  heart,  in  the  adult, 
from  the  twenty-fifth  to  the  sixtieth  year,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Bouillaud,  from  eight  to  nine  ounces. 
The  dimensions,  according  to  Lobstein  and  Bouil- 
laud, are  as  follows:  —  Length,  from  base  to 
apex,  five  inches  six  lines;  breadth,  at  the  base, 
three  inches ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  left 
ventricle,  seven  lines;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above 
the  apex,  four  lines ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the 
right  ventricle,  two  and  a  quarter  lines ;  at  the 
apex,  half  a  line ;  thickness  of  right  auricle,  one 
line ;  of  the  left  auricle,  half  a  line.  The  heart 
is  covered,  externally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardium.  The  mus- 
cular structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is  much 
thicker  in  the  parietes  of  the  ventricle  than  in 
those  of  the  auricles.  Its  cavities  are  lined  by  a 
very  delicate  membrane,  the  endocardium,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
arteries,  as  regards  the  left  cavities,  and  with  that 
of  the  veins,  as  regards  the  right.  Its  arteries — 
the  coronary — arise  from  the  commencement  of  the 
aorta.  Its  nerves  proceed,  chiefly,  from  the  pneu- 
mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the  great 
sympathetic.  The  heart  is  the  great  agent  in 
the  circulation.  By  its  contraction,  the  blood  is 
sent  over  every  part  of  the  body.  Its  action  does 
not  seem  to  be  directly  owing  to  nervous  influ- 
ence received  from  the  brain  or  spinal  marrow, 
or  from  both.  The  circulation  may,  indeed,  be 
kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  brain  and  spinal 
marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  synchronous 
with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly  suc- 
ceeded by  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  like  that  of  the 
.  valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  dog,  and 
this  is  followed  by  a  period  of  repose.  The  first 
sound  appears  to  be  mainly  produced  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventricles ;  the  second,  by  the  re- 
flux of  the  blood  against  the  semilunar  valves. 
These  are  what  are  called  the  Sound*  of  the 
Heart.  Br.  G.  J.  B.  Williams  thinks  that  the 
word  lubb-dup  oonveyB  a  notion  of  the  two 
sounds.  The  Seating  or  Impulse  of  the  heart, 
Heart-stroke,  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is 
mainly  caused,  perhaps,  by  the  systole  of  the 
heart,  which  tends  to  project  it  forwards.  It  is 
doubted,  however,  by  some,  whether  the  impul- 
sion be  produced  by  the  dilatation  or  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventrioles. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  different  ac- 
tions of  the  heart,  and  their  coincidence  with  its 
sounds  and  impulse.  It  presumes,  that  the  period 
from  the  commencement  of  one  pulsation  to  that 
of  another  is  divided  into  eight  parts ;  and  if  the 
case  of  a  person,  whose  pulse  beats  sixty  times 
in  a  minute,  be  taken,  each  of  these  parts  will 
represent  the  eighth  of  a  second. 

Eighths  of  a  Second. 

Last  part  of  the  pause,.  •  .1.  •Auricles  contracting; 
ventricles  distend- 
ed. 

First  sound  and  impulse,  •  4.  •  Ventricles  contract- 
ing; auricles  dilat- 
ing. 

(Second  sound, 2.  .Ventricles   dilating ; 

auricles  dilating. 

Pause, 1.  .Ventricles  dilating ; 

auricles  distended. 
The  heart  is  subject  to  different  organic  dis- 


;  the  chief  of  which  are  • 
Hon  of  the  apertures,  and  rupture  of  ite  parietee. 

Heart,  Atrophy  of  the,  Atroph'ia  sen  Ari- 
du'ra  Cordis,  Phthisis  Cordis,  Cardiatroph'io, 
Acardiotroph'ia.  A  condition  of  the  organ  in 
which  there  is  diminution  in  the  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  whole  organ. 

Heart,  Beating  of  the,  see  Heart — h.  Dila- 
tation of  the,  see  Aneurism — h.  Displacement  of 
the,  Ectopia  Cordis  —  h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 

Heart,  Ht'prrtrophy  of  the,  Hypertroph'ia 
Cordie,  Hypercardia,  Hvpersarco'sis  Cordie,  Hy- 
percardiotroph'ia,  Cardiaux'l,  Aneurye'ma  cor- 
dis acti'vum  (Corvisart),  Cor  bori'num,  (P.)  Hy- 
pertrophic du  Catur.  Supernutrition  of  the  mus- 
cular parietes  of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than 
usual;  the  cavities  being  generally  diminished. 
The  physical  signs  which  indicate  it  are  the  fol- 
lowing. In  cases  of  long  standing,  the  precordial 
region  is  generally  prominent;  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  are  visible  over  a  greater  extent  than 
natural;  and  a  marked  vibration  is  communi- 
cated to  the  hand  when  placed  on  the  cardiac 
region.  The  dull  sound  on  percussion  is  more 
extensive  than  natural;  and  on  auscultation 
there  is  a  permanent  increase  of  the  force  and 
extent  of  the  heart's  action ;  there  is  no  increase, 
however,  of  frequency,  and  the  rhythm  is  regular. 
The  pulse  is  generally  Btrong,  full,  and  hard. 

Heart,  Hypertrophy  with  Dilatation  of 
THE,  Active  an'eurism,  Eccen'tric  hypertrophy. 
In  this  affection,  the  pulsations  can  be  seen  and 
felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apex  is  more  to 
the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural.  The  im- 
pulse is  less  steady,  but  at  times  more  violent 
than  that  which  accompanies  Bimple  hypertrophy. 
Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evidence  of  the  en- 
largement, the  sound  being  more  extensively  dulL 
On  auscultation,  tho  impulse  is  often  violent,  but 
irregular :  in  extreme  cases,  it  produces  the  sen- 
sation of  a  large  mass  of  flesh  rolling  or  revolving 
beneath  the  ear.  The  pulse  is  strong,  full,  and 
vibratory.  The  shook  of  the  heart's  action  is 
often  transmitted  to  the  whole  person,  and  to  the 
bed  on  which  the  patient  is  lying. 

Heart,  Concentric  Hvpertropht  of  the,  Car- 
diarctie,  is  when  the  parietes  augment  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  cavities. 

Heart,  Impulse  of  the,  see  Heart — h.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the,  Angina  Pectoris — h.  Rupture  of  the, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  h.  Sounds  of  the,  see  Heart — h. 
Stroke,  see  Heart. 

HEART'S  EASE,  Viola  tricolor. 

HEARTS,  LYMPH,  Lymphatic  hearta  —  h. 
Lymphatic,  Lymphatic  hearts. 

HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Cardimlgia. 

HEARTWORT,  Laserpitium  album. 

HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  hssran,  'to  make 
warm.'     Color,    Thermo,  Step*.    (F.)    Ckaleur. 
Tho  material  cause,  which  produces  the  sensa- 
tion— or  the  particular  sensation  itself — produced 
by  a  body  of  an  elevated  temperature,  on  our  or- 
gans, especially  on  the  organs  of  touch.   Modern 
chymists  have  given  the  name  Calo'ric  to  the 
principle,  whatever  may  be  its  nature,  which  is 
the  cause  of  heat    When  we  touch  a  body  of  a 
temperature  superior  to  our  own,  a  portion  of 
caloric  passes  from  the  body  to  the  hand,  and 
produces  the  sensation  of  hcaU    If,  on  the  con* 
trary,  we  touch  a  body  of  a  temperature  inferior 
to  our  own,  we  communicate  a  portion  of  our 
caloric  to  it,  and  experience  the  sensation  of  coto. 
Our  own  sensations  are  bnt  imperfect  indexes  of 
temperature.    Two  men  meeting  at  the  middle 
of  a  mountain, — the  one  ascending,  the  other  de- 
scending,— will  experience  different  sensation*. 
The  one  ascending,  passes  from  a  warmer  to  a 


HEAT 


431 


HEAT 


©older  atmosphere; — the  one  descending  from  a 
colder  to  a  warmer. 

The  chief  instrument  for  measuring  heat,  used 
in  medicine,  is  the  thermometer.    Of  this  there 


are  three  kinds:  —  that  of  Fahrenheit,  that  of 
Rlaumur,  and  that  of  Celsius  or  the  Centigrade. 
The  following  Table  exhibits  the  correspondence 
of  these  different  thermometrio  scales. 


Fab. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fan. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fab. 

Reau. 

Otntlg. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

212a 

80.00 

100.00 

148 

61.65 

64.44 

86 

23.55 

29.44 

22 

—  4.44 

—  536 

211 

79.55 

99.44 

147 

61.11 

63.88 

84 

23.11 

28.88 

21 

—  4.88 

—  6J1 

2106 

79.11 

98.88 

146 

60.66 

63.33 

83 

22.66 

2838 

20tt 

—  633 

—  6.66 

200 

78.66 

98.33 

145 

60.22 

62.77 

82 

22.22 

27.77 

19 

—  6.77 

—  7.22 

208 

7842 

97.77 

144 

49.77 

62.22 

81o 

21.77 

27.22 

18 

—  6.22 

—  7.77 

207 

77.77 

97.22 

143 

49.33 

61.66 

80 

21.33 

26.66 

17 

—  6.66 

—  838 

206 

77.33 

96.66 

14Sg 

48.88 

61.11 

79 

20.88 

26.11 

16 

—  7.11 

—  838 

206 

76.88 

96.11 

141 

48.44 

60.55 

78 

20.44 

2536 

16 

—  7.55 

—  9.44 

204 

76.44 

95.65 

140 

48.00 

60.00 

77 

20.00 

26.00 

14 

—  8.00 

—10.00 

203 

76.00 

95.00 

139 

47.56 

69.44 

76p 

19.65 

2444 

13 

—  8.44 

—10.66 

202 

76.65 

94.44 

138 

47.11 

68.88 

76 

19.11 

2338 

12 

—  8.88 

— 11.11 

201 

75.11 

93.88 

137 

46.66 

58.33 

74 

18.66 

2833 

11 

—  9.33 

—11.66 

200 

74.66 

93.33 

136 

46.22 

67.77 

73 

18.22 

22.77 

10 

—  9.77 

—1232 

199 

74.22 

92.77 

135 

45.77 

67.22 

72 

17.77 

22.22 

9 

—10.22 

—12.77 

198 

73.77 

92.22 

134 

45.33 

66.66 

71 

17.33 

21.66 

8 

—10.66 

—1838 

197 

73.33 

91.66 

133A 

44.84 

66.11 

70 

16.88 

21.11 

7« 

—11.11 

—18.88 

190c 

72.88 

91.11 

132 

44.45 

65.55 

69 

16.44 

20.65 

6 

—11.56 

—1444 

196 

72.44 

90.65 

131 

44.00 

65.00 

68 

16.00 

20.00 

6 

—12.00 

—1530 

194 

72.00 

90.00 

130 

43.65 

64.44 

67 

15.55 

1944 

4 

—12.44 

—1536 

193 

71.55 

89.44 

129 

43.11 

53.88 

66 

15.11 

18.88 

8 

—12.88 

—16.11 

192 

71.11 

88.88 

128 

42.66 

63.33 

66 

14.66 

1833 

2 

—1333 

—16.66 

191 

70.66 

88.33 

127 

42.22 

52.77 

64 

14.22 

17.77 

1 

—13.77 

—1742 

190 

70.22 

87.77 

126 

41.77 

52.22 

63 

13.77 

17.22 

0 

—14.22 

—17.77 

189 

69.77 

87.22 

126 

41.33 

61.66 

62 

1333 

16.66 

—  1 

—14.66 

—1833 

188 

69.33 

86.66 

124 

40.88 

61.11 

61 

12.88 

16.11 

—  2w 

—15.11 

—18.88 

187 

68.88 

86.11 

123 

40.44 

60.56 

60 

12.44 

15.65 

—  8 

—1535 

—19.44 

186 

68.44 

85.65 

122 

40.00 

60.00 

69 

12.00 

15.00 

—  4 

—16.00 

—20.00 

186 

68.00 

85.00 

121 

39.56 

49.44 

68 

11.66 

1444 

—  6 

—16.44 

—2036 

184 

67.55 

84.44 

120 

39.11 

48.88 

67 

11.11 

1338 

—  6 

—16.88 

—21.11 

183 

67.11 

83.88 

119 

38.66 

48.33 

66 

10.68 

1333 

—  7* 

—17.33 

—21.66 

182 

66.66 

83.33 

118 

3842 

47.77 

65 

10.22 

12.77 

—  8 

—17.77 

—2242 

181 

66.22 

82.77 

117 

37.77 

47.22 

64 

9.77 

12.22 

—  9 

—18.22 

—22.77 

180 

65.77 

82.22 

116 

87.33 

46.66 

63 

933 

11.66 

—10 

—18.66 

—2838 

179 

66.33 

81.66 

115 

36.88 

46.11 

62 

8.88 

11.11 

-11* 

—19.11 

—2838 

1784  i 

64.88 

81.11 

114 

86.44 

45.65 

61 

8.44 

10.55 

—12 

—19.65 

—24.44 

177 

64.44 

80.56 

113 

36.00 

46.00 

60? 

8.00 

10.00 

—13 

—20.00 

—26.00 

176 

64.00 

80.00 

112 

86.66 

44.44 

49 

7.56 

9.44 

—14 

—20.44 

—25.66 

175 

63.56 

79.44 

111 

35.11 

43.88 

48 

7.11 

8.88 

—15 

—20.88 

—26.11 

174* 

63.11 

78.88 

110* 

84.66 

43.33 

47 

6.66 

833 

—16 

—2133 

—26.66 

173 

62.66 

78.33 

109 

84.22 

42.77 

46 

6.22 

7.77 

—17 

—21.77 

—2742 

172 

62.22 

77.77 

108 

83.77 

42.22 

46 

6.77 

7.22 

—18 

— 22.22 

— 27.77 

171 

61.77 

77.22 

106; 

83.33 

41.60 

44 

533 

6.66 

—19 

—22.66 

—2833 

170 

61 .33 

76.66 

82.88 

41.11 

48 

4.88 

6.11 

—20 

—23.11 

—2838 

169 

60.88 

76.11 

105 

32.44 

40.55 

42 

4.44 

636 

—21 

—23.55 

—29.44 

168 

60.44 

75.55 

104* 

82.00 

40.00 

41 

4.00 

5.00 

—22 

-24.00 

—8030 

167/ 

60.00 

76.00 

10$ 

81.66 

89.44 

40 

8.66 

444 

—23 

—24.44 

-3036 

166 

59.55 

74.44 

1021 

81.11 

88.88 

89 

8.11 

8.88 

—24 

—24.88 

— 3U1 

166 

59.11 

73.88 

101 

80.66 

38.33 

88 

2.66 

833 

—25 

—25.33 

—31.69 

164 

58.66 

73.33 

100» 

30.22 

37.77 

87 

2.22 

2.77 

—26 

-25.77 

—8242 

163 

58.22 

72.77 

99 

29.77 

37.22 

86 

1.77 

242 

—27 

—26.22 

-82.77 

162 

57.77 

7242 

98» 

29.33 

86.66 

86 

133 

1.66 

—28 

—26.66 

—8833 

161 

57.33 

71.66 

97 

28.88 

86.11 

84 

0.88 

1.11 

—29 

—27.11 

—8338 

160 

66.88 

71.11 

96 

28.44 

35.66 

83 

0.44 

036 

—30 

-37.55 

—34.44 

159 

66.44 

70.56 

95 

28.00 

85.00 

82r 

0.00 

0.00 

—31 

—28.84 

-55.00 

168 

66.00 

70.00 

94 

27.65 

84.44 

81 

—044 

—036 

—82 

—28.00 

—3536 

167 

65.55 

69.44 

93 

27.11 

33.88 

80s 

—0.88 

—1.61 

—83 

—28.88 

-86.18 

156 

55.11 

68.88 

92 

26.66 

33.33 

29 

—138 

—1.66 

—34 

—29.33 

—86.60 

165 

64.66 

68.33 

91 

26.22 

82.77 

28* 

—1.77 

—2.22 

—35 

—29.77 

-5742 

154 

54.22 

67.77 

90 

25.77 

82.22 

27 

—2.22 

—2.77 

—36 

—30.22 

—87.77 

153 

63.77 

67.22 

89 

26.33 

81.66 

26 

—2.66 

—3.33 

—37 

—30.66 

—88.28 

152 

63.33 

66.66 

88 

24.88 

81.11 

26 

—8.11 

—3.88 

—88 

—31.11 

—8838 

151 

52.88 

66.11 

87 

24.44 

80.55 

24 

—836 

-4.44 

—39* 

—81.56 

—59.44 

150 

62.44 

65.66 

86 

24.00 

80.00 

28 

—4.00 

—6.00 

-40 

—82.00 

—4030 

149 

62.00 

65.00 

a  Water  boils  (Baron.  80  inches) 
b  Heat  of  a  store,  borne  by  Dr.  go- 
lander. 

c  Heat  of  a  store,  borne  for  10  mf- 
ttutoe  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  Dr. 


d  Water  simmers. 

e  Alcohol  boils. 

/  Very  pure  ether  distils. 

{Bees'  wax  melts. 
Spermaceti  melts. 


i  Temperature  at  which  liquids 
are  often  drunk. 

,;'  Heat  observed  in  Scarlatina. 

k  Temperature  of  the  common  hen. 

I  Temperature  of  arterial  blood.  [T] 

in  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phosphorus  melts. 

nEtbcrboilo.  o  Nitric  ether  boils. 

p  Muriatic  ether  boils. 

q  Medium  temperature  of  the 
globe.  r  Ice  melts. 


«  Milk  freeses. 

t  Vinegar  freezes. 

u  Strong  wine  freei 

v  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcohol 
and  three  of  water  freeses. 

to  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Eylau,  1807 

*  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  al- 
cohol and  water  freeses. 

y  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 
hol and  one  of  water  freezes. 

s  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


To  reduce  Centigrade  degree*  to  thote  of  Fah-    104°  Fahr.  —  32X6-7-9  =  40°  Cent.     To  re- 


renheit,  multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32 : 
thus,  40°  Cent.  X  9  -r  5  +  32  -  104°  Fahr.  To 
reduce  Fahrenheit?*  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade, 
jubtreot  32,  multiply  by  5,  and  divide  by  9 :  thus, 


duce  Reaumur9*  degree*  to  thoee  of  Fahrenheit, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4,  and  add  32 :  thus,  32° 
Riaum.  X  9  -r-  4  +  32  -  104°  Fahr.  To  reduce 
Fahrenheit  $  degree*  to  thote  of  Reaumur  Subtree* 


HEATH 


43* 


HKDRRA 


%%  muliiply  by  4>  and  divide  by  9:  tin*,  104° 
Fakr.  —  32  X  4  -7-  9  =*  33  Reaumu  To  reduce 
Meammur**  degree*  to  thote  of  Centigrade,  multi- 
ply by  5,  and  divide  by  4 :  thus  32°  Reaumu 
X  5  -f-  4  —  40°  Cm*.  /  and,  lastly,  to  rerface  Oa- 
Hgrade  degree*  to  thote  of  Riaumur,  multiply  by 
4,  and  divide  by  5:  thus,  40°  CenLX  4  -r  5  -  32° 
Rfnum, 

The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diffused  in  the  atmosphere.  There  are  cases 
on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and  upwards,  of 
Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with  im- 
punity for  a  short  time.  It  can  likewise  with- 
stand very  severe  cold.  In  the  expedition  of 
Capt  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  thermome- 
ter was  as  low  as  —70°  of  Fahr.  Excessive  heat 
disposes  the  body  to  gastric  and  intestinal  dis- 
eases, and  particularly  to  inflammation  and  en- 
largement of  the  liver ;  hence,  the  frequency  of 
such  affections  within  the  torrid  sone.  Heat  is 
often  used  therapeutically :  the  actual  cautery,  at 
a  white  heat,  disorganises  the  parts  to  which  it 
b  applied :  a  lesser  degree  occasions  violent  in- 
flammation. Heat  higher  than  that  of  the  human 
body  is  excitant;  of  a  lower  degree,  sedative. 
Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  powerful  sedative — in- 
ducing sleep,  the  tendency  to  which,  after  long 
exposure,  becomes  irresistible.  See  Cold.  Many 
of  the  topical  applications — as  cataplasms  —  act 
wholly  by  virtue  of  their  warmth  and  moisture. 

Hbat,  Ardor  vene'reut,  Pruri'tut,  (F.)  Cha- 
leur det  Animaux,  But,  is  the  periodical  sex- 
ual desire  experienced  by  animals,  —  (Ettrual- 
tion.  It  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  owing  to  the 
periodical  maturation  and  discharge  of  ova, — 
Ovulation. 

Ha  at,  Acbid,  see  Acrid— h.  Animal,  see  Ani- 
mal Heat 

Hsat,  Ivter'hal,  (F.)  Chaleur  interne,  Is  a 
sensation  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  but  not  sen- 
sible to  the  touch.  External  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur 
extirieure,  that  which  can  be  felt  by  others. 
Heat,  Ardor,  is  called  moist,  (F.)  haliteuee,  when 
accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathing;  dry,  (F.)  elche,  when  the  skin  has  not 
Its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  acrid  and  pun- 
gent, (F.)  Acre  et  mordicante,  when  it  conveys  a 
disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers.  The  French 
employ  the  terms  nervout  heat  and  errafie  heat, 
Chaleur  nerveuee  and  Chaleur  erratique,  for  that 
which  comes  by  flushes,  alternating  with  chills, 
and  which  moves  rapidly  from  one  part  to  ano- 
ther. M.  Double  has  used  the  term  septic  heat, 
(F.)  Chaleur  eeptique,  for  that  which  produces  a 
pungent  sensation  on  the  hand,  similar  to  that 
of  the  acrid  heat,  but  milder  and  more  uniform, 
and  which  is  accompanied  with  feebleness  and 
frequency  of  pulse,  Ac 

Hbat,  Prickly,  Liehen  tropicus. 

HEATH,  COMMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HBAUT0PH0NIG8,  see  Aotophonia. 

HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 

HEAVING,  Vomiturition. 

HEAVY,  OravU,  (F.)  Gravattf,  from  Sax. 
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An  epithet  given  to  any 
fain  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight  or 
heaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensation. 

HEBDOMADAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEBD0MADARIA,  Ootana. 

HEBE,  'eft,  Juven'ta,  Juven'taa,  JuUn'tue, 
Horn,  In  antiquity,  the  goddess  of  puberty. 
The  word  has  been  employed  to  designate,  1. 
The  first  hair  that  grows  on  the  pubes,  2.  The 
pubic  region,  and  3.  Puberty. 

HEBBTES,  Adoleseens. 

HEBETOR,  Adoleseens. 

HEBETUDO  ANIMI,  Imbecility— h.  Den- 
torn,  Hssroodia— h.  Vims,  Amblyopia,  Oaligo. 


HEBRADEXDBON  CAMBOGIOIDRS,  ssje 
Cambogia. 

HEBREWS,  MKLVICIXE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  physiology  was  imperfect  and 
>d  with  superstitions;  and  their  therapeutic* 
unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

HECATOMA  PALCSTRI8,  Ranunculus  sce- 
leratus. 

HECATOMPHYLLUK,  Rosa  eentifolia. 
HEC'TBUS,  'cere*.    A  Greek  measure,  eon- 
taining  about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER,  Febrit  hec'tiea,  Heetieoj/. 
fro,  Hecticopyr'etot,  Hec'tiea,  Amphimer'ina  aeV- 
tiea,  Febrit  phthWica,  Syntecop'yra,  SynUcticop'- 
yra,  Febrit  wuvratmo'det,  Maratmopf yra,  Febrit 
taVida,  Leucopyr'ia,  Epan'etue  hec'tiea,  Febrit 
lento,  F.  amphimer'ina  hec'tiea,  Febrit  amato'ria, 
Chloro'eit  amato'ria,  (F.)  Fiivrt  Hectiqve,  F. 
£tique,  from  '<£;,  'habit  of  body;*  because  in 
this  disease  every  part  of  the  body  is  emaciated; 
or,  perhaps,  from  acrntm,  'I  consume,' ' I  am  ex- 
hausted.' The  name  of  a  slow,  continued,  or  re- 
mittent fever,  which  generally  accompanies  the 
end  of  organic  affections,  and  has  been  esteemed 
idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  always  symp- 
tomatic It  is  the  fever  of  irritation  and  debi- 
lity; and  is  characterised  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation, frequent  pulse,  hot  skin,  —  especially  of 
the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet, — 
and,  towards  the  end,  colliquative  sweats  and 
diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  can  only  be 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  affection. 
This  is  generally  difficult  and  almost  hopeless  in 
the  disease,  which  it  most  oommonly  accompa- 
nies,—consumption. 

HECTICA,  Hectic  Fever— h.  Infantilis,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent 
HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 
HECTICOPYRETOS,  Hectic  fever. 
HEC'TISIS,  (F.)  ttitie.    Same  etymon.    The 
state  of  those  who  have  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,  Hectogram'ma,  from  'su- 
rer, 'a  hundred/  and  ypappa.  A  measure  of  10$ 
grammes,  i.  e.  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44  grains, 
Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.  A  measure  containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 
HECUSIUS,  Voluntary. 
HEDEO'MA,  Hedeo'ma  pulegioVdet,  Ounfla 
puiegiol'dee,  Meli**ea  pulegioldet,  Pennyroyal, 
Tickweed,  Stinking  Balm,  Squaumint.  Sex.  SymU 
Diandria  Monogynia;  Nat.  Ord,  Labiates.  An 
indigenous  plant,  common  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  which,  where  it  is  abundant, 
perfumes  the  air  for  a  considerable  distance.  It 
is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  mints  and 
the  EngUsh  pennyroyal.  In  popular  practice  it 
is  used  as  an  emmenagogue. 

The  Cleum  Hedeo'ma  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  Oil  of 
Pennyroyal  is  used  as  a  stimulating  carminative* 
dropped  on  sugar.    Dose,  2  to  0  drops. 
HEDERA  ARBORBA,  H.  Helix. 
Hbd'xra  Helix,  Hed'era  arbo'rea,  Bae'chica, 
Oittot,  xtsvofc  Cittot,  Kirns,  Edtera,  Corymb**  tra, 
Corym'bot,  Ivy,  (F.)  Lierre.     The  taste  of  try 
Itavet  is  bitter,  styptic,  and  nauseous.    They  are 
not  used  in  medicine.   According  to  Haller,  tn*y 
were  recommended  in  Germany  against  the  atro- 
phy of  children ;  and  the  common  people  of  Bns> 
land  sometimes  apply  them  to  running  sores  and 
to  keep  Issues  open.    The  berriet  were  supposed, 
by  the  ancients,  to  have  an  emetic  and  purgative 
quality;  and  a  watery  extract  was  made  fbosn 


HBDBRULA 


m 


HELLEBORISMUS 


them,  called  by  Quercetanus  Extractum  purgane. 
From  the  stalk  of  the  tree  a  resinous  juice  ex- 
udes, in  warm  climates,  called  Oummi  Hed'era, 
(F.)  Oomme  de  lierre,  Reeine  de  lierre.  It  is 
possessed  of  tonic  and  astringent  properties)  but 
is  not  used. 

Hedbra  Tbrrebtris,  Gleohoma  hederacea. 

HEDERULA,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

HEDISARUM  ALHAGI,  AguL 

HEDRA,  'ttya,  ««*>,,  'a  vestige/  'a  seat'  A 
seat  A  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  in 
which  the  trace  of  the  fracturing  instrument  is 
still  perceptible.  It  was,  also,  used  by  the  an- 
cients, for  the  anus,  the  breech,  excrement,  a 
privy,  a  night-chair,  and  for  the  bottom  of  an 
abscess. 

HBDROCELE,  Proctocele. 

HBDYCH'ROUM,  from  Vvf,  'sweet,'  and  xp?a> 
'colour/  A  remedy  of  a  pleasant  colour.  Applied 
to  certain  trochs,  the  chief  constituent  of  which 
was  Theriac. 

HEDYPHO'NIA,  from  'i/ivs,  'sweet/  and  funj, 
*  voice.'    Sweetness  of  v&ce. 

HEDYPNEUS'TUS,  Hedyp'noue,  from  *nht, 
'  sweet,'  &nd  »ww, ' 1  breathe/  Breathing  sweet- 
ly or  softly.    Smelling  sweetly. 

HEDYPNOIS  TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum. — ^ 

HEDYSARUM  ALHAGI,  AguL 

HEDYSMA,  Condiment 

HEEL,  see  Calcaneum. 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 

HELCO'DES,  Ulcerated,  Ulcerous. 

HELCOL'OGY,  Hclcolog"\a ;  from  'eX*©*,  'ul- 
cer/ and  Ao/ofc  '  discourse.'  The  doctrine  of,  or 
a  treatise  on,  ulcers. 

HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

HELCOBflTHAL'MIA,  OpUKal'mia  ulcerosa. 
Ophthalmia  with  ulceration. 

HEL'COS,  from  'eX*or, '  an  ulcer/    Hence : 

HELCOSIS,  Eloosis,  Ulceration— h.  Cerebri, 
Bnoephalopyosis — h.  Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea 
— h.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — h.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephreloosis — h.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisia — 
h.  Vesica,  Cystophthisis. 

HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA;  from  'eA»*,  'ulcer/ 
and  rra$v\»iia, '  staphyloma.'  Staphyloma  end- 
ing in  ulceration. 

HELCOXERO'SIS,  from  '<*«*,  'ulcer/  and 
Znpvas,  'dryness.'    The  drying  of  an  ulcer* 

HELCTICA,  Epiepasties. 

HELCUS,  Ulcer. 

HELCYD'RION,  Helcyd'rium,  'cAjtoW,  Ul- 
cw'culum,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulceration 
of  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus,  Foesius. 

HELCYS'TER,  from  '«A«*,  'I  draw/  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  foetus. 
Bee  Crotchet 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

Helsn'iuk  Autuxha'lB,  FaUe  Sunflower, 
Snctzewort,  Sneezeweed,  Swamp  Sunflower,  Yel- 
low §tar,  Ox-eye,  An  indigenous  herb,  with 
large  golden-yellow  compound  flowers,  whioh 
appear  in  August  All  its  parts  arc  bitter  and 
somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuffed  up  the  nos- 
trils in  powder  are  powerful  sternutatories. 

IIELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'Sfi,  Cirtue 
Canadensis,  Froetwort,  Fro&tioeed,  Rock-rose. 
An  herbaceous  plant  having  large  yellow  flow- 
ers, which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  States,  in  June.  It 
has  an  astringent  slightly  aromatic,  and  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  scrofula,  but 
probably  is  nothing  more  than  an  aromatic  tonic. 

Helian'themuh  Cortmbo'sum,  Bock  rose,  an 
Indigenous  plant,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 


HELIASIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 

HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM,  Coffer* 
tea.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compo- 
site©, which  is  demulcent,  and,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, is  recommended  in  catarrh,  phthisis,  and 
other  pulmonary  affections. 

Hklichrysum  Serpyllifo'lito,  Hottentot's 
tea,  and  Heuchrysum  Aubicdla'tum  hare  simi- 
lar virtues. 

HELICIA,  Age. 

HEL'ICINE,  Helxc"inus,  BelieoVdts,  Htlico'- 
des,  from  helix,  '  the  tendril  of  the  vine.'  Re- 
sembling the  tendril  of  the  vine. 

Helicihb  Arteries  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  J.  MUller,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,  as  well  as  from  the  finest  twigs 
of  the  artery  of  the  organ :  most  of  those  come 
off  at  a  right  angle,  and  project  into  the  cavity 
of  the  spongy  substance,  either  terminating  ab- 
ruptly or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like  process 
without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all  these 
vessels  are  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the  end  de- 
scribes half  a  circle  or  somewhat  more.  They 
have  a  great  resemblance  to  the  tendrils  of  the 
vine,  whence  their  name.  A  minute  examina- 
tion of  them,  either  with  the  lens  or  the  micro- 
scope, shows  that,  although  they  at  all  times' 
project  into  the  venous  cavities  of  the  corpora 
cavernosa,  they  are  not  entirely  naked,  but  are 
covered  with  a  delicate  membrane,  which,  under 
the  microscope,  appears  granular. 

HEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A  muscle  of  the  ear, 
which  originates  from  the  anterior,  acute  part  of 
the  helix,  upon  which  it  ascends  and  is  inserted 
into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into  which  it  is 
inserted  a  little  downwards  and  forwards. 

Hslxcis  Mihor.  This  muscle  originates  from 
the  under  and  fore  part  of  the  helix,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in  the  carti- 
lage, opposite  the  concha.  Its  use  is  to  contract 
the  fissure. 

HELICOIDES,  Helioine. 

HELICOTRE'MA,  from  '«*«{,  'helix,  cochlea,' 
and  rpmia,  'a  foramen/  The  hole  by  which  the 
two  scales  of  the  cochlea  communicate  at  the  apex. 

HELIGMUS,  Convolution. 

HELIKIA,  Age. 

HELIONOSIS,  Insolation. 

HELIOSIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 

HELIOTROPE,  Heliotropium  Europamm. 

HELIOTROPION,  Cichorium  intybus. 

HELIOTRO'PIUM  EUROPIUM,  H.  erec- 
tion sen  eanes'cens  seu  supi'nvm,  Verruea'riOf 
The  He'liotrope,  (F.)  Tourneeol,  Herbe  aux  ver~ 
rues.  This  plant  is  considered  to  possess  aperient 
properties ;  and  to  be  capable  of  destroying  cuta- 
neous excrescences ;  hence  one  of  its  names. 

HELIX,  CaprJolue,^  from  tiXaw,  'to  envelop/ 
'  surround.'  The  fold  is  thus  called,  which  forms 
the  outer  circumference  or  ring  of  the  external  ear. 

Helix,  Limax. 

Helix  Poma'tia.  A  large  kind  of  snail,  trans- 
ported from  the  south  of  Europe  to  England  by 
Sir  Eenelm  Digby,  for  his  lady  when  in  a  de- 
cline.   It  was  considered  highly  restorative. 

HELLEBOR ASTER,  Helleborus  foetidus  — h. 
foetidus,  nelloborus  foetidus. 

HELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidum— h.  Ame  • 
rican,  Veratrnm  viride — h.  Black,  Helleborus  niger 
— h.  Blanc,  Veratrum  album — A.  Noir,  Helleborus 
niger — h. Stinking, Helleborus  foetidus — h.Swnmp, 
Veratrum  viride — h.  White,  Veratrum  album. 

HELLEBORIS'MUS,  ElUborWmus.  The  me- 
thod of  treating  disease,  amongst  the  ancients,  by 
hellebore.  This  comprised  not  only  the  choice, 
preparation,  and  administration  of  the  medicine, 
but,  likewise,  the  knowledge  and  employment  of 


HELLEBORUS 


434 


HEMICRANIA 


preliminary  precautions  and  remedies  proper  for 
aiding  it*  action,  and  preventing  the  pernicious 
effects  which  it  might  occasion. 

HELLEBORUS,  II.  niger— h.  Albas,  Verafcrum 
album — h.  Grandiiiorus,  H.  niger — h.  Trifolius, 
Coptis. 

Helleb'orus  Fcs'tidus,  Ee\Uhor<u'ter,R.f<x?- 
tidus,  Elleboraster,  Stinking  Hellebore  or  Bear's 
foot,  Setlerwort,  (F.)  HelUbore  on  EUibore  fitide, 
Pied  de  Griffon.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
said  to  be  anthelmintic.  The  smell  of  the  fresh 
plant  is  extremely  fetid,  and  the  taste  bitter  and 
acrid.    It  usually  acts  as  a  cathartic. 

Hellbborus  Niger,  H.  grandijlo'rus,  Elleb'- 
erus  niger,  3felampo'dium,  Melanorrhi'zum,  Ec'- 
tomon,  Black  Hel'lehore,  Melampode,  Christmas 
Bote,  (F.)  HelUbore  noir.     The  root  of  this  Eu- 
ropean plant— HelUborus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)— has  a  dis- 
agreeable odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste.    It  is 
possessed  of  cathartic  properties,  and  has  been 
recommended  as  an  emmenagogue.    It  has  been 
given  in  mania,  melancholia,  dropsy,  suppressed 
menses,  Ac.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  J)j,  as  a  cathartic. 
HELLECEBRA,  Sedum. 
HELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Costus. 
HELMET-FLOWER,    YELLOW,    Aconitum 
Anthora. 
HELMET  POD,  Jeffersonia  BartonL 
HELMINS,  Plur.  Helmin'thes  seu  Elmin'thes, 
from  'c\ptvs,  4  a  worm.'    A  worm  ,•  an  entozoon : 
— hence : 
HELMINTHAGOGUE,  Anthelmintic. 
HELMINTHI,  Worms. 
HELMINTHIA,  Helminthiasis— h.  AM, 
Worms. 

Helwin'thia  Errat'ica.    Worms,  introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habita- 
tion in  the  stomach   or  intestines ;   producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  dejections  of  blood ;  the 
12th  genus  of  the  order  Enterica,  class  Caeliaca, 
of  Good. 
Hklminthia  Podicis,  Worms. 
HELMINTHIASIS,  from  'tXpm,  'a  worm.' 
A  generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives 
occasion  to  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms.    It 
is,  also,  called  Helmin'thia,  Vermina'tio,  Morbus 
vermino'sus,  Status  vermino'sus,  Sabur'+a  vermi- 
no'sa,    Scoleei'asis,    Scolece'sis,    Entozoogen'esis, 
Parasitis'mns  intestina'lis,  Worm  disease,  Tnver- 
mina'tion.     See  Worms. 
HELMINTHIC,  Anthelmintic. 
HELMINTHOCHORTUM,    Corallina   Corei- 
o&na. 
HELMINTHOCOLICA,  Colica  verminosa. 
HELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 
HELMINTHOL'OGY,  Helmintholofia,  from 
'(Xfitvs,  'a  worm/  and  \oyos,  'a  description/    A 
treatise  on  worms. 

HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis— h.  Medinensis, 
Dracunculus. 

HELMINTHOP'YRA,  Helminthopyr'etos,  Fe- 
bris vermino'ea,  from  '&pi*s,  l  a  worm/  and  mp, 
'a  fever/     Fever  occasioned  by  worms.     See 
Fever,  verminous. 
HELMINTHOPYRETOS,  Helminthopyra. 
HELMINTHUS  GORDII,  Seta  equina. 
HELODES,  Elodes. 

HELONIAS  DIOICA,  ChamaBlerium  luteum— 
h.  Lutea,  ChamaBlerium  luteum — h.  Officinalis,  see 
Veratrina. 
HELOPYRA,  Elodes  (febris.) 
HELOPYRETUS,  Elodes  (febris.) 
HELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 
HELO'SIS,    HeWtis:    from  ««X»,    'I  turn/ 
JSversion  of  the  eyelids,  and  convulsions  of  the 
muscles  of  the  eyes.  Plica  Polonica.  Strabismus. 
HELOTIS,  Helosis,  Plica, 


HELUS,  Clavus,  Helos. 
HELXINE,  Parietaria. 
HEMACHROIN,  Hsematin. 
HJBMADYNAMltTRE,  Hsemadynamomefter. 
H&MAP&RITOMRRHAGIE,  Hamaperiio- 
nirrhag"ia;  from  'ai/io,  'blood/  peritonantm,  and 
pvyyvm,  'I  break  forth/    Hemorrhage  into  the 
peritoneum. 
HJEMAPROOTIB,  Haemorrhois. 
HJSMASTATIQUES,  Haematostatica. 
HEMATIDROSE,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HEMATIN,  Hsematin. 
h£mATO-ENO£pHALIE,  Apoplexy. 
HEMATOID,  Haematodes. 
HJSMATOLOGIE,  Haematology. 
HEMATOLOGY,  Hsematology. 
HJ&MATOMYELIE,  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Mo- 
llis Mpinilre. 

H&MATONCIE,  Haematoncus,  see  Hsemato- 
des fungus — h.  Fongotde,  Hsematodes  fungus. 
HBMATOPISIE,  Haematops. 
HEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitic*. 
HEMATOSIN,  Haematin. 
HEMERA,  'nfttpa,  'a  day/    Dies.    Hence: 
HEMERALOPIA,  see  Nyctalopia. 
Hexeralo'pia,   from   'wto*,  'the  day/  and 
ovropat,  '  I  see/     Hameralops,  Dyto'pia  Uncbra'- 
rum,  Cali'go  tenebra'rum,  Parop'sis  Noctif'nga, 
Visus  diur'nus,  Nyctalo'pia,  {of  some.)  Xyctoty- 
phlo'sis,  Amblyo'pia  erepuscula'ris,  Cadtas  cres- 
puscula'ris  seu  noetur'naf  A'cies  tfinr'ncr,  2My- 
sight,  Day-vision,  Hen  blindness,  Xight  blinduesst 
(F.)  Vue  diurne,  Avevglement  de  Ami/.     A  dis- 
ease, in  which  the  eyes  enjoy  the  faculty  of  see- 
ing, whilst  the  sun  is  above  the  horizon,  but  are 
incapable  of  seeing  by  the  aid  of  artificial  light. 
Its  oauses  are  not  evident    The  eye,  when  care- 
fully examined,  presents  no  alteration,  either  ia 
its  membranes  or  humours. 

HEM'ERALOPS,  Dorea*  One  labouring  under 
hemeralopia.    Also,  Hemeralopia. 
HEMERATYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia. 
HEMERODROMA,  (febris)  Ephemera. 
HEMEROPATHI'A ;  from  tytfw, '  »  day/  *&d 
iraBos,  '  an  affection/    A  disease,  which  continues 
only  a  day;  or,  which  is  only  observed  during 
the  day. 
HEMI,  V<>  'nutevf,  'half/  'semi/    Hence: 
HEMIAMAUROSIS,  Hemiopia. 
HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch. 
HEMIANOR,  Eunuch. 
HEMIANTHROPIA,  Mania. 
HEMIANTHROPUS,  Eunuch,  Maniac. 
HEMIAZYGA,  (Yena)  see  Atygos  vein. 
HEMICEPHAL^A,  Hemicrania. 
HEMICEPHAL^UM,  Sinciput 
HEMICEPHALITJM,  Sinciput 
HEMICEPHALUM,  Sinciput 
HEMICEPH'ALUS,  Semxceph'alus,  from  'v<f 
'half/  and  lufaXn,  'head.'    One  who  has  half  a 
head. 

HEMICRA'NIA,  Hemicephala'a,  Mtgra'ma, 
Grana,  Hemioargia,  Hemipe'gia,  HeUrocra'nia, 
Monopa'gia,  Monope'gia,  (kphala'a  Hemicra'ni*, 
Hemipathi'a,  Megrim,  from  'idiots,  'half/  and 
tepaviov,  'cranium/  (F.)  Migraine.  Pain,  con- 
fined to  one  half  the  head.  It  is  almost  always 
of  an  intermittent  character j— at  times,  continu- 
ing only  as  long  as  the  sun  is  above  the  horizon  ; 
and  hence  sometimes  called  Sun-pain, — and  la 
cured  by  cinchona,  arsenic,  and  the  remedied 
adapted  for  intermittent*. 
Hevicranta  Imopathica,  Neuralgia,  facial. 
HEMIDES'MUS  IN'DICUS,  Periplo'ca  /a/. 


HEMIDESMUS 


435 


HEPAR 


dieoj  Ascle'pias  Pstudosar'sa,  Sarsaparil'la  In'- 
dica,  Nannari,  Indian  Sarsaparilla.  A  Hindoos- 
tanee  plant,  the  root  of  which  has  a  peculiar 
aromatic  odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste.  It  is  used 
in  India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla. 

HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS,  Transpira'tio  Uni- 
lafera  ;  from  '17/11, '  half,'  and  iicupopTjais,  '  perspi- 
ration .'     Perspiration  of  one  half  the  body. 

HEMIEC'TON,  Hemiec'teon,  Semisex'tum.  A 
vessel  capable  of  containing  36  ch opines  or  pints, 
and  in  which  fumigations  were  made  in  diseases 
of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — Hippocrates. 

HEMIM'ELES,.from  V«ruf,  *on«  nalf/  Bnd 
ptXot,  '  a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  upper  or  lower  extremities  are  very  defective 
—  mere  stumps, — and  the  fingers  and  toes  are  en- 
tirely wanting  or  very  imperfect — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HEMIMCE'RION,  from  V"™*  and  /""fMy  '* 
part*  '  One  halt'— Foesius.  Also,  half  a  drachm. 
— Erotian. 

HEM' IK  A.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Cotyle,  tcorvXri,  i.  e.  one  half  the  sextarius,  or 
about  half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOBOL'ION,  Hemiob'ohn.  Half  the  obo- 
lus.    A  weight  of  about  five  grains. — Gomeus. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms,  or 
oz.  1£. — Galen.    See  Sescunoia. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'sis^Hemiopi'aeis,  Suf- 
fu'eio  dimid'iane,  Vitus  dimMia'tus,  Marmor'yge 
Hippoc'ratie,  Hemiamauro'sie,  Amauro'eie  dimi- 
dia'ta,  from  'vptavs,  'one  half,'  andoirro/uM,  'I  see.' 
Depraved  vision,  in  which  the  person  sees  only 
one  half  of  an  object. 

HEMIOPIASIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIOPSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIPA'GES,  Dicor'yphue  dihypogae,triusf 
Oc'topue  synapheoceph'alus,  from  '17^1,  '  half,'  and 
vnywfn,  'I  fasten/  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. — 
I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

HEMIPAGIA,  Hemicrania. 

HEMIPATHIA,  Hemicrania. 

HEMIPEGIA,  Hemicrania. 

HEMIPHO'NIA,  from  '17/ec,  'half/  and  fuvn, 
'voice.'     Great  weakness  of  voice. 

HEMIPLEGIA,  HemipUx'ia,  ParaVyexe  He- 
miplegia, Semiple'gia,  Semi-eidera'tioy  from  '17/u- 
#vj,  'one  half/  and  tXitww,  or  rrXtfma,  'I  strike.' 
Paralysis  of  one  side  of  the  body.  See  Paralysis. 
One  so  palsied  is  said  to  be  hemipleg"ic,  eemi- 
sidera'tue. 

Hemiplegia  Facialis,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

HEMIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 

HEMIPROSOPLEGIA,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

HEMISPHiERiE  CEREBRI,  Hemispheres  of 
the  brain. 

HEMISPHERE,  HemupKa'ra,  Hemiepka'ri- 
um,  from  *vfU9»it  'one  half,'  and  aipaipa,  'a sphere.' 
One  half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  sphe- 
roidal shape. 

Hemispheres  of  the  Brain,  Hemiephce'r* 
cerebri,  Hemispherical  gan'glia,  are  the  upper 
spheroidal  portions  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  fair  cerebri 

HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA,  Hemispheres 
of  the  brain. 

H&MITE,  HsBmitU. 

HBMITRIT^I'A,  (FEBRIS,)  F.  Semi-tcrti- 
a'na,  Febris  eesquiaVtera,  (F.)  Semi-tierce,  Fiivre 
demitierce.  A  semi-tertian  fever,  so  called  be- 
cause it  seems  to  possess  both  the  characters  of 
the  tertian  and  quotidian  intermittent  —  Galen, 
Spigelius. 

HEMIUNCIA,  Hemiuneion. 

HEMIUN'CION,  Hemiun'cia,  Setnun'eia,  Se- 
miun'cia.    Half  aa  ounce. 


HEMLOCK,  Conium  maculatum  —  h.  Ameri- 
can, Cicuta  maculata — h.  Bastard,  Chserophyllum 
sylvestre — h.  Common,  Conium  maculatum — h. 
Dropwort,  (Enanthe  —  h.  Gum,  see  Pinus  Cana- 
densis—  h.  Pitch,  see  Pinus  Canadensis  —  h. 
Spruce,  Pinus  Canadensis — h.  Water,  American 
Cicuta  maculata — h.  Water,  fine-leaved,  Phellan- 
drium  aquatieum — h.  Water,  Cicuta  aquatica — h. 
Wild,  Cicuta  maculata. 

HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES,  see  Polypus. 

HEMODIA,  Hsemodia. 

H&MO-ENCtiPHAL  ORRHAGIE,Apop\exy. 

HiMOHiPATORRHAQIE,  Hepatorrhagia.' 

HJSMOM&TRE,  Haemadynamometer. 

Hi  MOM  Y&L  0RRHAQ1E,  Apoplexy,  spinal. 

H^MOPTYSIE,  Haemoptysis  —  h.  Foudrey- 
antc,  see  Haemoptysis. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Haamorrhagia— h.  Acciden- 
tal, see  Haamorrhagia — h.  Active,  see  Haemorrha- 
gia — h.  from  the  Bladder,  Cystirrhagia — h.  Con- 
stitutional, see  Haemorrhagia —  h.  Critical,  see 
Haemorrhagia — h.  by  Exhalation,  see  Haemorrha- 
gia— h.  External,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  General, 
see  Haemorrhagia  —  h.  from  the  Intestines,  Me- 
laena — h.  Internal,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy — h.  Local,  see  Haemorrhagia. — 
h.  of  the  Mucous  Membranes,  see  Haemorrhagia 
— h.  Passive,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  from  the  Pi- 
tuitary Membrane,  Epistaxis — h.  Pleural,  Haema- 
tothorax — h.  from  the  Skin,  Sudor  cruentus — h. 
Spinal,  Apoplexy,  spinal  —  h.  Spontaneous,  see 
Haemorrhagia  —  h.  Supplementary,  see  Haemor- 
rhagia,— h.  Symptomatic,  Bee  Haemorrhagia — h.  of 
the  Tissues,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Traumatic,  see 
Haemorrhagia — h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Hsematotho- 

h£mORRHAQIE  BUCCAL E,  Stomatorrha- 
gia— A.  Ciribrale,  Apoplexy — a.  du  Fine,  Hepa- 
torrhagia —  A.  Interstitielle,  Apoplexy — A.  Inter- 
etitielle  du  Poumon,  Haemoptysis  —  A.  dee  Intes- 
tine,  Haematochezia  —  A.  de  la  Matricc,  Metror- 
rhagia—  A.  Miningie/ Apoplexy,  meningeal — A, 
de  la  Mottle  (piniire,  Apoplexia  myelitica  —  A. 
Naeale,  Epistaxis — A.  de  la  Veesie,  Cystirrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Htmorrhagi- 
pare,  from  hamorrhagia,  'hemorrhage/  and  pa- 
rire,  'to  bring  forth.'  That  which  gives  occasion 
to  hemorrhage:  thus,  softening  of  the  neurine 
may  be  hemorrhagiparous. 

HJSMORRHINIE,  Epistaxis. 

HEMORRHOID  AIRE,  (F.)  One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 

HlSMORRHOlDES,  Haemorrhois  —  A.  Aveu- 
glee,  Ceeeae  haemorrhoides.    See  Haemorrhois. 

HEMORRHOSOOPIE,  Haematoacopia. 

HJImOSPASIE,  Haemospasia. 

HISMOSPASIQUE,  Haemospastic 

HitMOSTASlE,  Haemostasia. 

H&MOSTATIQUES,  Hsematostatiea. 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  oaunabinum, 
Bangue — h.  Wild,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

HEMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HENBIT,  Lamium  amplexicaule. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

HENRICEA  PHARMACEARCHA,  Gentiana 
chirayita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS,  Colcothar. 

HEPAR,  't,itap,  'genitive/  fn*aros,  'liver.'  A 
name  for  substances  resembling  liver  in  appear- 
ance. The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  sulphur, 
Hepar  sul'phuris;  which  is  sometimes  a  com- 
pound of  sulphur  and  potassium  \  at  others,  of 
sulphur  and  potassa.    See  Potasses  sulphuretum, 


HEPATALGIA 


436 


HEPATITIS 


Hepar  Adulterhcum,  Spleen. 

Hepar  Aktimohia'tum:  is  a  compound  of  a 
ittlphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxy- 
dnm  stibii  sulphuretum. 

Hepar  Martia'lB.  A  compound  of  sulphuret 
of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hepar  Sanguinis,  tee  Blood  —  h.  Sinistrum, 
Spleen  —  h.  Sulphuris  salinum,  Potasses  sulphu- 
retum — h.  Sulphuris  volatile,  Ammonia  sulphu- 
retom — b.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

HEPATAL'GIA,  Hepatodyn'ia,  NeuraVgia 
he'patis,  Col' tea  hepatica,  from  'nvap,  Mirer/ 
and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver.  Neuralgia, 
of  the  liver,  (F.)  Ntvralgie  du  Foie. 

Hepataloia  Calculosa,  Colica  hepatica— h. 
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesiculss  felless  —  h. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from  '*»«*,  'the  liver,' 
and  avooTTina,  '  an  abscess.'  Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus. 

HEPATATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  sen  Aridu'ra 
he'patis,  from  'ijirap,  'the  liver,'  and  atrophia, 
'  atrophy/  Atrophy  of  the  liver : — a  general  con- 
comitant of  Oirrho'sis  he'patis. 

HEPATAUXfi,  Hypertroph'ia  he'patis,  (F.) 
Hyperhe'patotrophie,  Hypertrophic  du  foie.  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  liver. 

HEPATECHE'MA,  Son'itus  hepaticus,  from 
'tprap,  'liver/  and  'vgiifta,  'sound/  Sound  ren- 
dered by  the  liver  on  percussion. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  'nvap,  'liver/ 
and  tufpacw,  '  I  obstruct.'  Emphrax'is  hepatis, 
Hepatic  obstruction. — Ploucquet. 

HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  Hepatomyelo'ma, 
Fungus  he'patis  medulla' ris,  from  'rjrao,  '  liver/ 
and  tytufaXot, '  encephalon.'  Enoephaloid  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATE'RUS,  Hepaticus,  Jecora'rius.  A 
variety  of  diarrhoea,  Fluxus  hepaticus. — Gorrnus. 

HEPATHEMORRHAG"IA,  Hamorrhag"ia 
hepat'ica,  Hepatorrhag"ia,  Apoplex'ia  hepatica, 
(F.)  Hemorrhagic  du  foie,  HemohSpatorrhagie, 
from  'wop,  'liver/  and  'aifioppayia,  'hemorrhage.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 

HEPAT'IC,  Hepaticus,  Hepata'rius,  HepaW- 
rus,  HepatoHdes,  Hepato'des,  Jecora'rius,  from 
'mrapt  'the  liver/  belonging  or  relating  to  or 
resembling  liver. 

Hepatic  Ar'tert,  Arte'ria  Hepat'ica.  One  of 
the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  coeliac.  It 
passes  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the  liver ; 
where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  right  and 
a  left,  which,  proceed  towards  the  corresponding 
parts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives  off 
the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  hopatio 
artery  sends  off  two  considerable  branches,  the 
A.  pylorica  and  Gastro-epiploica  dextra. 

Hepatic  Duct,  Ductus  hepaticus,  (F.)  Canal 
hSpatique,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
length,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quUL  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 
duotus  choledoohus.  Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus  hepaticus,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  coeliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  whioh  accompany  the  hepatic  artery. 

Hepatic  Veins,  Supra-hepatic  Veins,  Vena 
eaves  hepatica,  (F.)  Veines  sus-hepatiques,  Intra- 
lobular veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name.  They  arise  in  the 
substance  of  the  liver;  converge  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  that  visous,  and  open  into 
tho  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
blood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta. 


HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be  ca- 
pable of  affecting  the  liver. 

Hepatic  A,  H.  triloba — h.  Americana,  H.  tri- 
loba—  h.  Fontana,  Marchantia  polymorpba — h. 
Nobilis,  H.  triloba— h.  Stellata,  Asperuhtodorata. 

Hepatica  Tril'oba,  H.  America' na,  Anenu/ni 
hepat'ica  sen  nob' His,  Herbatrinita' tie,  Hepat'ica, 
Hepaticus  floe,  Tri/o'lium  hepaticum,  Trifo'lium 
au'reum,  Liverwort,  Livenceed,  Trefoil,  Noble 
Liverwort,  Herb  Trin'ity,  (F.)  Hipatique  des 
jardins.  This  plant— Hepat'ica  (Ph.  U.  S.)— is 
a  gentle  astringent,  but  not  possessed  of  much 
virtue. 

HEPATICTJLA,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

HEPATICUS,  Hepateros  —  h.  Flos,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HEPATIFICATIO,  Hepatization. 

HEPATIQUE  UtOILEE,  Asperula  odorata 
— h.  des  Fontaines,  Marchantia  polymorphs— A. 
des  Jardins,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATIRRHCE'A,  Fluxus  hepaticus,  Dyscn- 
ter'ia  hepatica,  Diarrhoea  hepatica,  Hepator- 
rhce'a,  Hepatocholorrhai'a,  Hepatodysenter'ia,  He- 
patorrhag"ia,  Hamate'ra,  Aimate'ra,  (F.)  Flux 
hipatique,  from  'ijir«f>»  'the  liver/  and  ptm,  *I 
flow.'  A  species  of  diarrhoea  in  which  the  ex- 
creted matters  seem  to  come  from  the  liver,  or 
are  much  mixed  with  bile. 

HEPATIS  EMUNCTORIA,  Inguen— h.  Sns- 
pensorium,  ligament,  suspensory,  of  the  liver. 

HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization  —  h.  Pulmo- 
num,  Hepatization  of  the  Lungs. 

HJSPATISATION,  Hepatization— a.  Grise, 
see  Hepatization— A.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization. 

HEPATITES  VENA,  Cava  vena. 

HEPATI'TIS,  Empres'ma  hepati'tis,  Comma 
hepati'tis,  Inflamma'tio  he'patii,  I.  Jecino'ris, 
Febris  hepatica  inflammato'ria,  Hepatal'gia 
phlegmonoVdes,  Morbus  jecino'ris,  Hepatophlctf- 
moni,  Inflammation  of  the  liver,  (F.J  Hinatite, 
Inflammation  du  foie,  Pikes  (Provincial).  It 
may  be  seated  either  in  the  peritoneal  covering, 
Sero-hepaWtis,  or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver, 
or  in  both,  Puro-hepati'tis,  and  may  be  acute  or 
chronic.  The  peculiar  symptoms  are : — pain  in 
the  right  hypochondrium,  shooting  to  the  back 
and  right  shoulder,  and  increased  on  pressure; 
difficulty  of  lying  on  the  left  side;  sometimes 
jaundice  with  cough,  and  synocha.  Its  termi- 
nation is  generally  by  resolution :  —  in  tropical 
climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration,  Jec'oris 
vom'ica,  Hepati'tis  apostemato'sa,  the  abscess 
breaking  either  externally,  or  forming  a  commu- 
nication with  the  intestines  or  chest,  or  breaking 
into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  The  causes  are 
those  of  inflammation  in  general  Heat  predis- 
poses to  it j  hence  its  greater  frequency  in  hot 
climates.  On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died 
of  it,  the  liver  has  been  found  hard  and  enlarged; 
colour  of  a  deep  purple ;  or  the  membranes  have 
been  more  or  less  vascular ;  or  adhesions,  or  tu- 
bercles, or  hydatids,  or  abscesses,  tor  biliary  cal- 
culi may  be  met  with.  The  treatment  must  bo 
bold.  Bleeding,  general  and  local,  fomentations, 
blisters,  purgatives,  and  the  antiphlogistic  regi- 
men. In  hot  climates  especially,  a  new  action 
must  be  excited  by  mercury  as  early  as  possible. 

Hepatitis  Apostevatosa,  see  Hepatitis. 

Hepatitis,  Chrohic,  Hepati'tis  chrou'iea,  /»- 
flamma'tio  he' pat  is  lent  a,  Hepatitis  occulta,  He- 
patic'ula,  Subinflamma'Uo  he'patis,  (F.)  Ckrvmo- 
hepatite,  Chronic  liver  disease,  is  not  as  common 
as  is  believed.  It  may  be  suspected  from  tho 
existence  of  the  symptoms  above  mentioned, 
when  in  a  minor  degree ;  enlargement,  constant 
dull  pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver ;  sallow  coax*, 
tenance;  high-ooloured  urine;   clay-colomrad 


HEPATIZATION 


437 


HBEBA 


foots,  Ac  The  great  object  of  treatment  is  to 
•zoite  a  new  action  by  mercury  and  counter- 
irritants,  and  to  keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Cystica,  Cholecystitis— -h.  Occulta, 
H.  chronic. 

HEPATIZATION,  Hepatiea'tic,  Hepatifica'- 
tio,  from  Vaf,  'the  liver/  Conversion  into  a 
liver-like  substance.  Applied  to  the  lungs  when 
gorged  with  effused  matters,  so  that  they  are  no 
longer  pervious  to  the  air ; — Hepatiea'tio  pulmo'- 
num,  Carnifica'tio  pulmo'num.  In  such  state, 
they  are  said  to  be  hepatized. 

Hepatization,  Red,  (F.)  Hipatieation  rouge, 
Endureieeement  rouge,  Ramollieeement  rouge,  cha- 
racterizes the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of  the 
lungs  in  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Gray,  (P.)  Hipatieation  grite, 
Induration  grite,  RamoUieeement  oris,  Infiltration 
purulente,  characterises  the  third  stage,  or  stage 
of  purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATIZON,  Chloasma. 

HEPATOC'ACE,  from  V*f,  'liver/  and  koxos, 
'evil.'    Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOCE'LE,  from  Vof»  'the  liver,' and 
K9A7,  '  a  tumour /  Her'nia  hepat'iea  ;  Hernia  of 
the  liver.  The  liver  has  never  been  found  en- 
tirely out  of  the  abdominal  cavity.  Increase  of 
Its  bulk,  or  injuries  of  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men, have  been  the  sole  cause  of  the  protrusions 
which  have  been  occasionally  met  with,  espe- 
cially in  infants,  in  whom  the  upper  part  of  the 
linea  alba  is  very  weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  seems 
to  exist  Sauvages  has  distinguished  two  species 
of  hepatocele :  —  the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba), 
and  the  umbilical  or  hepatomphalum. 

HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhosa.  ' 

HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligament  of  the  liver, 
described  by  Haller,  as  passing  from  the  gall- 
bladder and  contiguous  sinus  portarum,  across 
the  duodenum  to  the  colon.  Another,  termed 
Hepato-renal,  descends  from  the  root  of  the  liver 
to  the  kidney.    They  are  both  peritoneal. 

HEPATOCYSTIC,  Hepatocye'tieue,  Cystide- 
pat'icue,  from  Vrap,  'the  liver/  and  marts,  'blad- 
der/   Relating  to  the  liver  and  gall-bladder. 

Hepatocystic  Duct,  Ductus  hepatocyttfioue. 
The  choledooh  duct. 

HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia. 

HEPATODYSENTERIA,  Hepatirrhcea. 

HEPATOGASTRIC,  Gastrohepatie. 

HEPATOGASTROOHOLOSIS,  Fever,  bilious, 
fever,  gastric. 

HEPATOGRAPHY,  Hepatogra'phia  ;  from 
*qvap,  'the  liver/  and  ypa<pn,  'a  description/ 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

HEPATOHJS'MIA,  Hyperemia  he'patie,  He- 
patic Engorgement,  (F.)  Hypertonic  du  Foie,  from 
*tjnap,  'the  liver/  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  Sanguineous 
congestion  of  the  liver. 

HEPATODES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOIDES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOLITHI'ASIB,  from  W  'the  liver/ 
and  hOtans,  *  formation  of  stone/  The  formation 
of  concretions,  HepatoVithi,  in  the  liver. 

HEPATOL 'OGY,  Hepatolog"ia9  from  Vty 
'the  liver/  and  \ayos,  'a  discourse/  'treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  liver. 

HEPATOMALA'OIA,  Malaco'eie  he'patie,  (F.) 
RamoUieeement  du  Foie.    Softening  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOMYELOMA,  Hepatenoephaloma. 

HEPATON'CUS,  from  Vap,'  the  liver/  and 
•yxof,  '  a  tumour/    Tumefaction  of  the  liver. 
t  HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,    from    <wae,  'the 
liver/  and  irapcrrafia,  'considerable  extension/ 
Excessive  enlargement  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPATHI'A,  from  <**«*,  'liver/  and 
*a0oc9  'suffering/  Liver- Disease.  Disease  of  the 
lifer. 


HtPATOPATHIE  CANCSREUSB,  Hepa- 
toscirrhus—  h.  Tuberculeuee,  Hipatoetrumoeie. 

HEPATOPHLEGMONE,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthieie  hepat'iea,  from 
<i»irap,  'the  liver/  and  <f>6iu,  'I  consume/  Con- 
sumption from  suppuration  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhcea,  Hepathss- 
morrhagia. 

HEPATORRHEX'IS,  from  Wp,  'Uver/  and 
ptjfof  'rupture/    Rupture  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhcea. 

H&PATOSARCOMIE,  Hepatoscirrhus. 

HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from  '**op,  'liver/ 
and  emppof,  'canoerous  induration/  Soirrhue 
he'patie,  Eneephalo'eia  of  the  liver,  Carcinoma  of 
the  liver,  (F.)  HSpatoearcomie,  Hfpatopathie  can- 
ctreuee,  Cancer  an  Foie,  Soirrhu*  or  Cancer  of 
the  liver. 

HjtSPATOSTRUMOSlE,  Tuber'eula  he'patie, 
(F.)  Tuberculee  du  Foie,  Hipatopathie  tubercu- 
leuee ;  from  'wrap,  'the  liver/  and  struma,  'a  tu- 
mour/ '  a  sorophulou*  tumour/  Tubercle  of  the 
Uver. 

HEPATOT'OMY,  from  V«P,  'the  liver/  and 
rtfivta,  '  I  cut'    Dissection  of  tae  liver. 

HEPIALOS,  Epialos. 

HEPS,  see  Rosa  oanina. 

HEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

HEPSESIS,  Decoction. 

HEPTAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEPTAL'LON  GRAVEOLENS,  Hogwort, 
Bear's  fright.  An  indigenous  plant)  which  has 
a  fetid  porcine  smell ;  and  is  said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic,  Ac. 

HBPTAPHAR'MACUM,  from  'tirra,  'seven/ 
and  (papftaxov,  'a remedy/  A  medicine  composed 
of  seven  substances;  cerusse,  litharge,  pitch,  wax, 
colophony,  frankincense,  and  bullock's  fat  It  was 
regarded  as  laxative,  suppurating  and  healing. 

HEPTAPHYLLUM,  Tormentilla. 

HEPTAPLEURON,  Plantago  major. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum  —  h.  Branca, 
H.  spondylium. 

Hbracle'um  Spotoyx'iuh,  H.  Bran'ca,  Branca 
urei'na,  B.  German' ica,  Spondyl'ium,  SphondyV '- 
ium,  Goto  Parenep,  All-heal,  fF.)  Berce,  Branc- 
ureine  bdtarde,  Faueee  Acanthe.  Family,  Um- 
bellifer®.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant  has  a  strong,  rank  smell ;  and 
a  pungent,  almost  caustic  taste.  It  has  been 
given  as  a  tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative; 
both  in  powder  and  in  decoction.  The  Russians, 
Lithuanians,  and  Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and 
leaves,  by  fermentation,  a  very  intoxicating  spi- 
rituous liquor,  which  they  call  Parst. 

The  root  of  Heracle'um  Lana'tum,  Masterwort, 
Gov)  parenep, — Heracle'um  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

HERACLEU8  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HERB,  Herba,  Bot'ani,  Any  ligneous  plant 
which  loses  its  stalk  during  the  winter. 

Herb  Christopher,  Actsea  spicata. 

Herb-Doctoe,  Botan'ical  Doctor,  Botan'ical 
physic" ian.  One  who  treats  diseases  altogether 
by  herbs ;  as  the — so  called — "  Thompsonians." 

Herb  of  Grace,  Gratiola  officinalis — h.  Mas- 
tich,  common,  Thymus  mastichina —  h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Teuorium  marum — h.  Robert,  Geranium 
Robertianum  —  h.  of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Eupato- 
rium  cannabinum — h.  Sophia,  Sisymbrium  sophia 
— h.  Trinity,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HERBA,  Herb  —  h.  Alexandria,  Smyrnium 
olusatram — h.  Althaere,  Pelargonium  cucullatum 

—  h.  Anthos,  Rosmarinus — h.  Benedict*,  Geum 
urbanum — h.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathum 

—  h.  Canni,  Artemisia  santonioa — h.  Cardiaco, 
Leonurus  oardiaca — h.  Cardui  veneris,  Dipsacua 


HERB«fi 


438 


HERNIA 


fullonnm — h.  Dorea,  Solidago  virgaurea — h.  Fe- 
lls, Nepeta — h.  Genipi,  Achillea  at  rata — h.  Ignis, 
Lichen  pyxidatus —  h.  Melancholifuga,  Fumaria 
— h.  Militaris,  Achillea  millofolium  —  h.  Papilla- 
ris, Lapsana — h.  Paralyseos,  Primula  veris —  h. 
Paralytica,  Primula  veris — h.  Pat®  lapinaa,  Leo- 
Burns  cardiaca —  h.  Pulioaris,  Planiago  psyllium 
— h.  Quercini,  Lichen  plicatus  —  h.  Sacra,  Ver- 
bena officinalis  —  h.  Salivaris,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum — h.  Sideritidis,  Galeopsis  gran di flora — h. 
Tabaci,  Nieotiana  tabacum — h.  Trinitatis,  Ane- 
mone hepatica,  Viola  tricolor  —  h.  Veneris,  Adi- 
antum  pedatum  —  h.  Ventis,  Anemone  Pulsatilla 
—  h.  Vitri,  see  Salsola  kali — h.  Zazarhendi,  Ori- 
ganum. 

HERB^S  PRO  ENEMATE,  Glyster  herbs— 
h.  pro  fotu,  Fomentation  herbs. 

HERBALIST,  Herborist 

HERBA'RIUM,  from  herba,  a  plant  A  col- 
lection of  plants.  Generally  applied  to  a  collec- 
tion of  dried  plants  —  Hortu»  eiccu*.  In  Phar- 
macy, a  plant  that  is  used  entire. 

HERBARIUS,  Herborist 

HERBE,  Herb — A.  au  Cancer,  Plumbago  Eu 
ropsea  —  A.  aux  Chantre*,  Erysimum  —  A.  aux 
Charpentier*,  Justitia  pectoralis  —  A.  aux  Chat*, 
Nepeta,  Teucrium  marum  —  A.  au  Coq,  Tanace- 
tum  bal8amita  —  A.  au  Cuiller*,  Goohlearia  offici- 
nalis—  A.  aux  Ecrouelle*,  Scrophularia  nodosa — 
A.  aux  Ecu*,  Lysimachia  nummularia — A.  d  Eter- 
nuer,  Achillea  ptarmica — A.  aux  Oueux,  Glematis 
vitalba — A.  d  la  Houetie,  Asolepias  Syriaca  —  A. 
d'lvrogne,  Lolium  temulentum — A.  aux  Mamelle*, 
Lapsana — A.  aux  Mouche*,  Conyza  squarrosa  — 
A.  au  Pauvre  homme,  Gratiola  officinalis — A.  aux 
Perle*,  Lithospermum  officinale  —  A.  d  Piner, 
Pyrola  umbellata — A.  d  la  Poudre  de  Chypre, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — A.  aux  Poux,  Delphinium 
ttaphisagria  —  A.  aux  Puce*  commune,  Plantago 
psyllium  —  A.  d  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum 
•-h.de  Sainte  Barbe,  Erysimum  barbarea — A. 
Sainte  ChrUtophe,  Actaea  spioata —  A.  de  Saint 
JBtienne,  Circaea  lutetiana — A.  de  Saint  Jean,  Ar- 
temisia vulgaris — A.  de  Saint  Rock,  Inula  dysen- 
terica — A.  aux  Sorcier*,  Circeea  lutetiana — A.  aux 
Verrue*,  Heliotropium  Europseum. 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herbiv'oru*,  from  herba, 
1  grass/  and  voro,  '  I  eat'  An  epithet  applied  to 
animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Herba'riu*.  One  who  deals  in 
useful  plants.     An  Herb'alUt  or  Herb'arut. 

HERBORIZA'TION,  Herba'rum  inqui*it"io. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  direoted  by  the 
'Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  Ac 

HERBS,  FIVE  CAP'ILLARY,  Quinque  herba 
cupilla're*,  were,  anciently,  hart's  tongue ;  black, 
white,  and  golden  maiden-hair,  and  spleenwort 

Hbbbs,  Fits  Evol'limjt,  Quinque  herba  emol- 
Uen'te;  were,  anciently,  beet,  mallow,  marsh- 
mallow,  French  mercury,  and  violet 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinaeaopoponax. 

HERCULEUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HfiRiSDITAIRE,  Hereditary. 

HERED'ITART,  Haredita'rxut,  Heredita'- 
riw,  Gentilit"iu*,  Sym'phyto*,  Syn'genc*,  (F.) 
Hiriditaire,  from  hare*,  'an  heir.'  An  epithet 
given  to  diseases,  communicated  from  progeni- 
tors. Such  diseases  may  exist  at  birth ,-  or  they 
(  may  supervene  at  a  more  or  less  advanced  period 
of  existence.  Hereditary  di*ea*e»,  Morbi  heredi- 
la'rii,  (F.)  Maladie*  htrtditaire*,  often  prevail 
amongst  several  members  of  a  family,  or  are 
family  di*ea*e*  or  complaint*. 

HERMAPHRODE'ITY,  HermaphrodVia, 
HermapfaoditWmu*,  HermaphrodWmu*,  Fab'rica  , 


androg"yna,  Androgyn'ia,  Gynan'dria,  Hermaph'- 
rodUm;  from  'Rp/tns,  'Mercury/  and  A£f«S«r% 
'Venus/  Appertaining  to  Mercury  and  Vena* 
Union  of  the  two  sexes  in  the  same  individual 
HERMAPHRODISIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 
HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same  etymon.  Her- 
maphrodi'tu*,  Gynida,  Androg"ynu*.  One  who 
possesses  the  attributes  of  male  and  female :  who 
unites  in  himself  the  two  sexes.  A  term,  applied 
to  an  animal  or  plant  which  is,  at  the  same  time, 
both  male  and  female.  True  hermaphrodites  are 
only  met  with  in  the  lower  degrees  of  the  animal 
scale,  amongst  the  zoophytes,  mollusca,  or  gaste- 
ropoda. The  individuals  of  the  human  species, 
regarded  as  hermaphrodites,  owe  this  appearance 
to  a  vicious  conformation  of  the  genital  organs; 
a  kind  of  monstrosity,  which  renders  them  unfit 
for  generation,  although  an  attentive  examination 
may  exhibit  the  true  Bex.  Hermaphrodites  have, 
likewise,  been  described,  which,  instead  of  uniting 
the  attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  be  considered 
male  or  female.  These  have  been  called  neutral 
he  rm  aphrodite*. 
HERMAPHRODITISMUS,  Hermaphrodeity. 
HERMAPHRODITUS,  Hermaphrodite, 
HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA,  Hermetica  an, 
(F.)  Hermttique.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a 
celebrated  Egyptian  philosopher,  who  is  con- 
sidered the  father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of 
chymistry,  whose  object  was  the  pretended  trans- 
mutation of  the  metals. 

HERMODAC'TYLUS,  BactyWtu*,  An'ima  ar- 
ticulo'rum,  from  'Ep/iiif,  'Mercury/  and  SaenXos, 
'a  finger/  or  rather  from  Hcrmu*,  a  river  in 
Asia,  upon  whose  banks  it  grows,  and  taxroXes, 
'a.date/  or  from  *E.ppvs>  'Mercury/  and  SaxrvXot, 
'a  date/  (F.)  Hermodactyle,  Hermodacte  ou  Her- 
modate.  The  root  of  the  Hermodactyl  was  for- 
merly need  as  a  cathartic.  By  some,  it  is  sup- 
posed to  be  identical  with  the  Iri*  tubero'ea. 
The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  it* 
being  a  variety  of  the  colchicum,  —  Col'chicum 
Illyr'icum. 
HERMODATE,  Hermodactvlus. 
HERMOPH'ILUS,  from  'Epw,  'Mercury/ 
and  <pi\os,  '  a  lover/  One  who  is  fond  of  mercury 
as  a  medicine. 

HER'NIA,  Ramex,  Ruptu'ra,  R.  hernio'ea, 
Crepatu'ra,  Ectop'ia  hernio'ga,  Celt,  Rupture, 
Buret,  (F.)  Hargne,  Detcente,  Effort,  Grtteure, 
Rompeure.  Any  tumour,  formed  by  the  displace- 
ment of  a  viscus  or  a  portion  of  a  viscua,  which 
has  escaped  from  its  natural  cavity  by  some  aper- 
ture and  projects  externally.  Hernioe  have  been 
divided  into, — I.  Hernia  of  the  Brain ;  Encepba- 
locelo;  2.  Hernia  of  the  Thorax;  Pneumocele; 
3.  Hernia  of  the  Abdomen. 

Abdom'inal  Hernial  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  ox 
the  viscera,  contained  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  parietee 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  them 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  epi- 
ploon. These  hernia  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  apertures  by  which  they  escape,  into : 
1.  Inguinal  or  Supra-Pu'bian  Hernia.  Those 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal :  they  are  called  1?«- 
bonoce'U,  when  small;  and  Scrotal  Hernia  or 
0*cheocefli,  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum  j  —  Vulvar  Hernia  or  Puden'dal  or  £a'- 
bial  Hernia,  Epieioce'le,  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  majora.  2.  Crural  or  Fern'- 
oral  Hernia,  Me'roce'li,  when  they  issue  by  the 
crural  canal.  3.  In/ra-Pu'bian  Hernia,  (F.)  Her- 
nie  *ou*~pubienne,  OdcUoce'U,  Her'nia  fvmm'inie 
ova' lis,  when  the  viscera  escape  through  the 
opening,  which  gives  passage  to  the  infra-pubian 


HERNIA 


430 


HEROIC 


ressels.  4  Ischiadic  Hernia;  when  it  takes  place 
^through  the  sacro-sciatio  notch.  5.  Umbil'ical 
Ifernia,  Exom'phalos,  Omphalocc'li  ;  when  it  oc- 
curs at  the  umbilicus  or  near  it.  0.  Epigas'tric 
Hernia  ; — occurring  through  the  linea  alba,  above 
the  umbilicus.  7.  Hypogastric  or  Infra-umbiV- 
ical  Hernia,  Ccelioce'U,  Hypogastroce'li, —  when 
it  ocours  through  the  linea  alba  below  the  umbi- 
licus. 8.  Perina'al  Hernia,  Mesosceloceli,  Her*- 
nia  perina'i,  Perinceoce'li,  Perineocele' — when  it 
takes  place  through  the  levator  ani,  and  appears 
at  the  perineum.  9.  Vag"inal  Hernia,  Coleoce'li 
seu  Elytroccle —  through  the  parietes  of  the  va- 
gina. 10.  Diaphragmatic  Hernia,  Dtaphrag- 
matoce'Ie;  when  it  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

Hern  ire  are  likewise  distinguished, — according 
to  the  viscera  forming  them,  —  into  Enteroce'li, 
Epiploce'le,  En'tero-epiploce'li,  Oastroce'U,  Cys- 
toce'li,  Hepatoce'le,  Splenoce'U,  Ac. 

When  a  hernia  can  be  restored  to  its  natural 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  Ac,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.  It  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, irreducible,  when  adhesion,  bulk,  Ac,  op- 
pose its  return.  When  the  aperture,  which  has 
given  passage  to  the  hernia,  occasions  more  or 
less  constriction  on  the  protruded  portion,  the 
hernia  is  said  to  be  incarcerated  or  strangulated : 
and,  if  the  constriction  be  not  removed,  consti- 
pation, hiccough,  vomiting,  and  all  the  signs  of 
violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gangrene,  su- 
pervene, with  alteration  of  the  features,  small 
pulse,  cold  extremities,  and  death. 

The  therapeutical  indications  are,  —  1.  As  re- 
gard* reducible  hefnia :  —  to  replace  the  viscera 
in  the  abdomen  by  the  taxis;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  truss,  which,  if  properly 
adapted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.  2.  As  regards 
irreducible  hernia:  —  to  support  the  tumour  by 
an  appropriate  suspensory  bandage.  3.  At  re- 
garde  strangulated  hernia :  —  to  have  recourse  to 
the  taxis,*  blood-letting;  warm  bath;  tobacco 
glysters  ;  ice  to  the  tumour ;  and,  if  these  should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  dividing  the  covering  of  the  hernia,  and 
cutting  the  aponeurotic  ring,  which  causes  the 
strangulation;  —  reducing  the  displaced  viscera, 
unless  their  diseased  condition  should  require 
them  to  be  retained  without ; — dressing  the  wound 
appropriately ; — restoring  the  conrcc  of  the  faoces 
by  means  of  gentle  glysters : — preventing  or  com- 
bating inflammation  of  the  abdominal  viscera; — 
conducting  the  wound  to  cicatrization,  by  appro- 
priate means ;  and  afterwards  supporting  the  ci- 
catrix by  a  bandage. 

The  word  hernia  was  also  used,  of  old,  for  the 
scrotum,  and,  not  unfrequently,  for  the  testicle. 

Hernia,  Anrurismal,  Cirsompholus  —  h.  Ar- 
teriarum,  see  Aneurism — h.  of  the  Bladder,  Cys- 
tocele — h.  Bronchiolis,  Bronchocele — h.  Carnosa, 
Sarcocele  —  h.  of  the  Cerebellum,  Parencephalo- 
cele — h.  Cerebri,  Encephalocelo. 

Hernia,  Congenital,  Hernia  congen'ita,  is  a 
protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdomen 
into  the  Tunica  vaginalis  testis,  owing  to  a  want 
of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the  descent 
of  the  testicle. 

Hernia  Corner,  Ceratocele  —  h.  Crural,  Me- 
rocelc — h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele  —  h.  Femoral, 
Meroccle  —  h.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see  Hernia  — 
h.  Gutturis,  Bronchocele  —  h.  Ilepatica,  Hepa- 
toeele. 

Hernia  Hitmora'lis,  Empres'ma  Orchi'tis,  2>i- 
dymi'tit,  Orchi'tis,  Orchidi'tis,  Inflamma'tio  tes'- 
tium,  Inflammation  of  the  Testicle,  Swelled  Tes- 
ticle, Hernia  Ven'eris,  Orchioce'le,  Orchidoce'll, 
Orchidon' cu*,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  testiade,  Or- 
ckite.  Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  testicle  is 
a  common  symptom  of  gonorrhoea — Chaudepisse 


tomlie  dans  Us  Bourses;  but  it  may  arise  from 
external  injuries,  or  from  other  causes.  It  is  m 
disease,  which  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  the  treat- 
ment must  obviously  be  strongly  antiphlogistic, 
supporting  the  testicle  during  the  treatment,  and 
for  some  time  afterwards :  methodical  compres- 
sion has  also  been  found  useful.  The  disease  U 
not  generally  of  a  serious  character,  going  off  aa 
suddenly  as  it  comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epidi- 
dymis more  especially,  when  supervening  on  go- 
norrhoea or  blennorrhcea,  it  is  sometimes  termed 
blenorrhag"ic  epididymi'tis. 

Hernia  Incarcerata,  Entero-peristole  —  h. 
Inguinalis,  Bubonocele — h.  Intestinalis,  Entero- 
cele — h.  Intcstinalis  omentalis,  Entero-epiplocele 
— b.  Iridis,  Ptosis  Iridis  —  h.  Ischiatica,  Ischio- 
cele — h.  Lionalis,  Splenocole. 

Her'nia  Litt'rica,  H.  e  Divertic'ulo  Intetti'ni. 
Hernia  first  described  by  Littre,  in  which  the  in- 
testinal canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the  hernial 
sac,  the  protruded  portion  of  intestine  consisting 
of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the  ileum,  which  Littre 
concluded  was  formed  by  the  gradual  extension 
of  a  knuckle  of  the  bowel,  that  had  bean  engaged 
in  the  inguinal  canal. 

Hernia  op  the  Liver,  Hepatocele — h.  Omen- 
tal, Epiplocele  —  h.  Parorchido-enterica,  Paror- 
chido- en  Urocele  —  h.  Perinsei,  see  Hernia — h. 
Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic,  Diaphrag- 
matic hernia — h.  Pinguedinosa  Scroti,  Liparocele 

—  h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleurocele  —  h.  Pleurica  et 
pulmonalis,  Pleurocele  —  h.  Pudendal,  Pudendal 
hernia— h.  Sacci  lachrymalis,  Lachrymal  hernia, 
Mucocele— h.  Scrotalis,  Scrotocele — h.  Seminalis 
scroti,  Spermatocele  —  h.  of  the  Stomach,  Gas- 
trocele — h.  Suprapubian,  H.  inguinal — h.  of  the 
Tongue,  Glossoeele  —  h.  Umbilicalis,  Epiplom- 
phalon,  Exomphalos  —  h.  Umbilici  Aquosa,  Hy- 
drompholum — h.  Urachi,  Uromphalus — h.  Uteri, 
Hysteroccle  —  h.  Varicose,  Cirsocele  —  h.  Vari- 
cosa,  Varicocele  —  h.  Venarum,  Varix  —  h.  Ve- 
neris, ITernia  hurooralis — h.  Ventosa,  Physocele 

—  h.  Ventral,  see  Ventral  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
trocele — h.  Vesicas  Urinaria),  Cystoccle — h.  Zir- 
balis,  Epiplocele. 

HERNIA  IRE,  Hernial,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HER'NIA L,  Hernia' Hue,  (F.j )  Herniaire.  Be- 
longing to,  or  concerning  hernia :  —  as  Hernial 
Bandage,  Hernial  Sac,  Ac. 

The  (F.)  Hernit,  is  applied  to  a  part  enveloped 
in  a  hernial  sac.  (F.)  Hernieux,  Cele'ta,  Cclo'tee, 
Rup'tnred,  Burst,  Bursten,  means  one  affected 
with  hernia ;  and  Chirvrgien  herniaire,  one  who 
devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of  hernia. 

IIERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  H.  vulga'rie  sen 
hirsu'ta  seu  alpes'tris  seu  an'nua  seu  cine'rea  seu 
frutico'sa,  Milligra'na,  Em'petrum,  Rupture-wort, 
from  hernia,  'rupture/  (F.)  Herniaire,  Tarquette, 
Herniate.  This  plant,  which,  as  its  name  imports, 
was  formerly  considered  efficacious  in  the  cure 
of  hernia,  seems  destitute  of  all  virtues. 

HERNIARIUS,  Hernial. 

HERN  IE  CHARNUE,  Sarcocele—  h.  de  F  Epi- 
ploon, Epiplocele — h.  de  VEstomac,  Gastrocele— 
a.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele  —  h.  du  Nombril,  Ex- 
omphalos— h.  Ombilicale,  Exomphalos — h.  de  la 
Vessie,  Cystooele. 

HERNlfi,  Hernial. 

HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS,  Herniemphrast*  is, 
from  hernia,  and  cpfpayuos,  '  obstruction.'  The 
mechanical  obstruction  of  a  hernial  canal  for  .the 
radical  cure  of  the  hernia. 

HERNIEUX,  Hernial. 

HERNIOLE,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HERNIOTOMY,  Celotomia. 

HERO'IC,  Hero'icus,  Hero'ius,  Hero'us,  from 
'ifpur,  '  a  hero/  An  epithet  applied  to  remedial 
or  practice  of  a  violent  character. 


HEEPEIK.S 


44* 


HirBPEIrOX,  Herpes. 

HEKPEX,  Herpes. 

HEKPE3,  £rpe«,  H~pJdr*.  Herpe*,  S*rp*wi, 
ffom  '«♦«»,  'I  ere**,/  be*aa.«e  it  ere*p*  and 
spreads  *J>i«t  the  ikin ;  £>.pK/f'rU  H*rp*s,  Cy- 
tWmn  H*rp*A,  T*tt*r9  Frrty  Y.)  f/artre,  />/*>- 
pkl*f*t»'U.  A  T+.*.*-y\AT  di**a*eT  wcfih,  in  ino*t 
of  it*  form*.  p*»*ei  thnvnjrh  ft  regular  coarse  of 
l»<?r*a*e,  mAtara.fi mi,  d^'-.l.&e,  ar.4  termination  in 
from  10  to  14  ^ari.  The  ve»>;I*s  ar'ie  in  du- 
ring but  irrejrolar  el'Mters,  wh;':h  commonly  rp- 
pear  in  quisle  we^eiw:onf  and  n*iar  to;r**ber,  on 
an  inflame  ha.»e:  generally  attended  wi'.h  h*at. 
pain,  and  «*'>n»ideTa>,;e  eon«t:*u*ionsl  disorder. 
The  term*  like  all  o?h*r*  wh>:h  r*f*r  tocotaneom 
disease*,  has  not  b«<*n  a^<mratfr!j  d^frn^'L  The 
aneients  bad  three  van>ti':s:  the  miliary.  *ty- 
Xfuutii  wen^uXar,  4%vKTatv»rm,  and  err/ ding, 
li^fpivf.  Bateman  h«  the  following  varieties : 
h  ilZKrtn  PHXTCTJ550'l>B*.  Herpes  miliar  vis,  Ee- 
phly'ti*  JfrrpesMiHa'ri*,  (Y.)Dartre  phtytten'Xd*, 
in  which  the  vewcle*  are  millet-.med ;  pellucid ; 
dusters  commencing  on  an  nn certain  part  of  the 
body,  and  being  progressively  etrewed  over  the 
rest  at  the  surface;  saoce'ded  by  fresh  crop*. 
2.  Herpes  ZoftTER,  &*ter,  Zona  i/f'nea,  Z.  serpi- 
gint/ta,  Ignis  Per'sicus,  Cinzilla,  Saccr  ignis,  Ec- 
phly'sis  Herpes  tester,  Hern*.*  peris' celis,  Erysijt- 
slas  totter,  Erysip'elas  phlyetanoi'des,  E.  pustu- 
h/sa,  Z<rna,  Cir'cinu*,  Perivjma,  (¥.)  Ceinture, 
C  dartreuse,  Feu  Persiqu*,  KryniptU  pustuleux, 
NhingUs,  in  which  the  reticle*  are  pearl-sized; 
the  clusters  spreading  round  the  body  like  a  gir- 
dle; at  times  confluent,  and  occasionally  pre- 
ceded by  constitutional  irritation.  3.  Herpes 
Circiva'tu*,  Formi'ca  ambulato'ria,  An'nulus  re- 
pens,  Herjpes  HeraVgo,  Serpi'go,  Ecphly'sis  Her- 
pes Oircina'tus,  Ringworm,  Vesic'ular  Ringworm, 
consisting  of  vesicles  with  a  reddish  base,  uniting 
in  rings ;  the  area  of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured, 
often  followed  by  fresh  crops.  4.  Herpes  La- 
•ia'us,  and  b.  Herpes  Pr.«pixtia'ljs,  Aphtha 
prapn'tii,  Ulcus'cula  pratpu'tii,  appearing,  re- 
spectively, on  the  lips  and  prepuce.  6.  Herpes 
Iris,  his,  Rainbow-worm,  occurring  in  small  cir- 
cular patches,  each  of  which  is  composed  of  con- 
centric rings  of  different  colours.  To  these  may 
added,  Herpes  Ex'sdeits,  Ecphly'sis  Herpes  ex!- 
edene,  Herpet  eithiom'enue,  H.  depas'cens,  H.  ferns, 
If.  rttiom'enus,  H.  ferox,  Darta  excoriatt'va  seu 
mtitig'na,  Lupus  vorax,  Formi'ca  corron'va,  For- 
nix, Pap'ulafera,  Ulcerative  Ringworm,  Nir'les, 
A'gria,  (F.)  Dartre  rongtante,  in  which  the  vesi- 
cles are  hard ;  clusters  thronged ;  fluid  dense, 
yellow  or  reddish,  hot,  acrid,  corroding  the  sub- 
jacent skin,  and  spreading  in  serpentine  trails. 

All  the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment,  when  attended  with  febrile  irri- 
tation. The  herpes  circinatus,  alone,  requires 
ths  use  of  astringent  applications  which  have  the 
power  of  repressing  the  eruption. 

Herpes  Depascrzts,  n.  exedens  — h.  Esthio- 
insnup,  H.  exedens— h.  Estiomenus,  H.  exedens 
— h.  Furlnosus,  Pityriasis— h.  Ferox,  H.  exedens 
— h.  Ferus,  H.  exedens— h.  Furluraceus,  Pityri- 
asis—h.  Furfuraceus  circinatus,  Lepra,  H.  exe- 
dens—h.  Miliarls,  H.  phlyctsDnoides  —  h.  Peris- 
oells,  H.  sostor—h.  Serpigo,  H.  circinatus  —  h. 
Tonsurans,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

HERPET'IO,  Herpet'ieus,  (F.)  Dartreux.  Pos- 
sessing the  nature  of  herpes. 

HERPKTOO'RAPHT,  Herpetograph'ia,  from 
•«eir»f,  Miorpes,'  and  yp^n*  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  different  forms  of  herpos. 

HERPE'TON,  Herpet'icon,  from  *«pw«v,  'to 
oreop.'  A  creeping  eruption  or  ulcer.  —  Hippo- 
orates. 


HTRPTLO?.  TVi 

HERRE>'£CHWA5IYS  ^P£-:iTICf  sc*^,^ 

dfie  of  H<rr«ii«<rhwaad. 

H£5P£KIS  ALL1ARTA.  *-r*r^ 

HETERAI>ELPH1A.fri«i  i-»k.  -zti^r.'msti 
m2t>frn>  *a  brother/  A  «>«'->  »-:s*tr '.**!.■,  hi 
which  the  components  of  the  •!•  cU-»  b»ife«  asre 
very  an*ioai.  and  of  wkie^  rn«  p:rr>  -  way  he 
regarded  as  the  stem  or  trsnk.  :o  w^i^  ac  \htr 
orzaniied  part,  or  even  a  whole  bc-ij.  it**  deve- 
loped  than  iteeJ.  is  a&xed  like  a  parxcise. 

HETTROCHROX1CrSt  Hferr<k  -^w 
'msms,  'other/  and  x*mmi*  *<^<-'    Rdatiag  to 
difference  of  time. 

PuUms  ketero+krvm'icm.  A  pc!«e  of  varying 
rhythm.     An  irregular  or  intermittens  poise. 

HETEROCHTMEU'SIS,  from  trt*^.  *  other/ 
and  gv/Mvcic, '  mixtnre/  A  state  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  other  matters  than  in  health, 
as  urea,  bile,  4c. 

HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology,  and  Tisanes. 

HETEROCRANIA,  Hemierania. 

HETEROCRES'IA,  from  (m#^  'other,'  and 
<fc»M, '  I  separate/  Modification  in  the  ifraatiffla 
of  secretions. — AndraL 

HETER0GEXE8IS,  see  Generation. 

flETEROLALIA,  Heteropbonia. 

HETEROLOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Ttssnes. 

HETEROMORPH'ISM,  Heteromorpkis'mma, 
from  *trepo{f  'other/  and  port"*?  'shape,*  A  de- 
viation from  the  natural  shape  of  parts. 

HETEROMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic 

HETEROPHO'XIA,  from  'tnp^,  'other,'  and 
aw*,  'voice.'  A  cracked  or  broken  voice.  A 
change  of  the  voice  or  speech— Heierola'lia. 

HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,  from'mp^,  'other/ 
and  (hpSaXfioi,  'eye.'  A  difference  in  the  two 
eyes,  —  as  when  one  squints,  or  is  of  a  different 
colour. 

HETEROPLAS'TY,  Heteroplas'ttci,  Hetrro- 
pla'sia,  from  'iTtpss,  'other/  and  *\*om,  'I  form/ 
Irregular  plastic  or  formative  operations,  that  do 
not  admit  of  exact  classification. 

HETEROPROSO'PUS,  from  'en**,  'different/ 
and  Tpoewrov,  '  countenance/  A  monster  bavins; 
two  faces. — Gurlt. 

HET'EROPUS,  from  '«rcpof,  'other/  and  r—s, 
'foot'  One  who  has  one  foot  different  from  the 
other. 

HETEROREXIA,  Malacia. 

HETERORRHYTH'MUS,from'€rfpoj,  'other/ 
an&pvdftof,  'rhythm/  Having  another  rhythm. 
An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse,  when  it  is  such, 
in  any  individual,  as  is  usually  felt  at  a  different 
age. 

HETEROS,  from  'mpos,  'the  one  of  two,'  'the 
other.'    Hence : 

HETEROSARCO'SES,  from  'mpoj,  'other/ 
and  aapt,  '  flesh.'    A  class  of  diseases  which  con- 

gist  in  the  formation  of  accidental  tissues. Gen- 

drin. 

HBTEROTAX'IA,  (F.)  Htterotaxie,  from  'cr«- 
pofc  and  rain,  'order/  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  general  transposition  of  organs. 
A  change  in  the  relation  of  organs. 

HETEROTOPIA,  from  *crtpost  'other/  and 
towos,  'place/  A  deviation  from  the  natural  po- 
sition of  parts. 

HJ&TRE,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

HEUCHERA,  see  H.  cortusa— h.  AcerifoUsu 
H.  cortusa. 

Heuchk'ra  Cortu'ba,  H.  America' na,  If.Ae*- 
rifo'lia,  H.  Vie'cida,  Cortu***  America' no,  Mmm 


HEUDRLOTIA 


441 


HJXOH 


Booty  American  San'icls,  Ground-maple,  VKf- 
xoeed,  Split-rock.  The  root — Heuekera  (Ph.  U. 
8.)  —  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  is  the  basis 
of  a  cancer  powder.  The  American  Indians  ap- 
ply the  powdered  root  to  wounds,  ulcers,  and 
cancers.  It  is  said  to  have  been  sold  for  ool- 
ohicum. 

Heuchera  Viscida,  H.  cortuaa. 

HEUDELOTIA  AFRICANA,  see  Bdellium. 

HEVEA  GUIANEXSIS,  see  Caoutchouc 

HEXAGIUM,  Sextula. 

HEXATHYRIDIUM  VENARUM,seeWonns. 

HEX  IS,  Ufa.  Habit,  habit  of  body,  constitu- 
tion.    Hence,  hectic,  cachectic,  Ac 

HIA'TUS,  from  Mare,  'to  gape/  'to  open/ 
A  foramen  or  aperture.  Month.  The  vulva. 
Also,  yawning. 

Hiatus  Diaphrag'vatis  ABr'ticus,  Semieirf' 
cuius  execulp'tus.  The  opening  in  the  diaphragm 
for  the  passage  of  the  abdominal  aorta. 

Hiatus  Fallopii,  see  Aquteductus  Fallopii — 
A.  Occipito-pStreux,  Lacerum  posterins  foramen 
—A.  Sphino-pftreux,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen. 

Hiatus  of  Winblow,  Fora'men  of  Winslow. 
An  opening — situate  behind  the  lesser  omentum, 
and  behind  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  liver — 
which  forms  a  communication  between  the  peri- 
toneal cavity  and  that  of  the  omenta. 

HIBER'NICUS  LAPIS,  Teg'ula  Biber'nica, 
Arde'sia  Hiber'nica,  Harde'sia,  frith  Slate.  A 
kind  of  slate  or  very  hard  stone,  found  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  Ireland,  in  masses  of  a  bluish-black 
colour,  which  stains  the  hands.  It  has  been 
taken,  powdered,  in  spruce-beer,  against  inward 
contusions. 

HIBISCUS,  Althiea. 

Hibis'cus  Abelmos'chus,  Abelmos'chus  mos- 
eka'tus.  The  name  of  the  plant,  whose  seeds  are 
called  Orana  Moscki  or  Muskseed.  It  is  the  Bel- 
mus'cktis,  Abelmos'ckus,  Oranxtm  Moschi,  Kefmia 
JEgyptiaea,  Moschus  Ar* abum,  jEgyp'tia  moscha'- 
ta,  Bamix  moscka'ta,  Alee' a,  Alcea  Ind'ica,  Aleea 
JEgyptiaca  Yillo'ea,  Abelmosck,  Abelmusk,  Musk- 
mallow,  (F.)  Oraine  de  Muec,  Herbe  &  la  poudre 
de  Ckypre,  Ambrette,  Ouimauve  veloutSe.  It  is 
indigenous  in  Egypt  and  the  Indies.  The  seeds 
are  chiefly  used  as  perfumes ;  and  especially  in 
the  formation  of  Cyprus  Powder. 

Hibis'cus  Popule'us,' ifafomoa'^o.  A  small 
Molucca  tree.  The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  similar 
to  camboge.  The  root  is  emetic.  It  is  used  in 
chronic  diarrhoea,  colic,  dyspepsia,  &c 

HICCOUGH,  Singultus 

HICCUP,  Singultus. 

HICK'ORY.  The  name  of  several  American 
trees  of  the  genus  Gary  a;  Order,  JuglandaoesB. 
The  leaves  are  usually  aromatic ;  and  are  reputed 
to  be  antispasmodic  (?).  The  bark  of  those  speoies 
that  have  bitter  nuts,  as  Carya  ama'ra  and  C. 
porei'na,  is  somewhat  astringent.  Some  of  them 
bear  fruit  that  is  much  esteemed,  as  Carya  oliva- 
formis,  Pecan*  or  Peccan'  nut,  and  C.  sulea'ta, 
SkeUbark. 

HIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  obscure  ence- 
phalic and  spinal  attacks,  of  an  epileptoid  cha- 
racter for  example,  which  may  be  immediately 
owing  to  tracheH8mus. 

HIDRISCHESIS,  Hidroschesis. 

HIDROA,  Desudatio,  Eekauboulures,  Hydros* 
Sudamina. 

HIDRON'OSUS,  Hidronu'sus,  from  hi?**, 
'sweat/  and  vocot,  'a  disease/  A  disease  accom- 
panied by  violent  sweats.     Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRONUSUS.  Hidronosus. 

HIDROPKDESIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROPHOROS,  Sudoriferous. 

HIDROPOETICUM,  Sudorific 


HIDROPTRA,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDROPTRETOS,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRORRHCEA,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDR08,  'i6p»<,  Sudor,  'sweat*  Hence— JK- 
dropyra,  Hidroeie,  Ac 

HIDROS'CHESIS,  Hidris'ekesis,  Rett*' tio  en- 
do' He,  from  'ifyuf,  'sweat,'  and  e^jutt,  'reten- 
tion.'   Suppression  of  perspiration. 

HIDRO'SIS,  Hidro'eis,  Suda'tio,  from  USf*s, 
'sweat'    Sudation,  Sweating,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROTERION,  Achicolum. 

HIDROTERIUM,  Sudorific 

HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of  '<£(*#*  'sweat' 
A  gentle  sweat  or  perspiration. 

HIDROTOPCEUM,  Sudorific 

HI&BLE,  Sambuous  ebulus. 

HI'ERA  DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS,  from '«*<*, 
'  holy/  Hiera  of  Colocynth.  An  electuary,  com- 
posed of  10  parts  of  colocynth,  as  much  agaric, 
germander,  tekite  korekound,  ttachat: —  6  parte 
of  opoponax,  as  much  sagapenum,  parsley,  round 
birtktoort  root,  and  white  pepper: — 4  parte  of 
spikenard,  cinnamon,  myrrh,  and  saffron;  and  S 
pounds,  3  ounces,  and  5  drachms  of  honey. 

Hiera  of  Colocynth,  H.  Diacolocynthidos— > 
h.  Logadii,  Hiera  piora. 

Hiera  Picra,  from  'ttsot,  'holy/  and  ntpos, 
'  bitter/  Holy  bitter,  Pulvis  aloet'ieus,  formerly 
called  Hiera  loga'dii,  when  made  into  an  electu- 
ary with  honey.  It  is  now  kept  in  the  form  of 
dry  powder ; — prepared  by  mixing  soeotrine  aloes 
one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  eanella  alba.  See 
Pulvis  aloes  oum  eanella. 

Hiera  Syrinx,  Vertebral  column,  Epilepsy. 

HIER  ACI'TES,  Whito,  from  Uto*S,  '  a  hawk/ 
Lapis  Aceip'itrum.  The  ancient  name  of  a  pre- 
cious stone,  believed  to  be  eapable  of  arresting 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux. — Pliny,  Galen,  Paulus. 

HIERACIUM  LACHENALII,  H.  murorum. 

HrBRA'ciux  Muro'rum,  H.  Lachenalii,  Put- 
mpna'ria  Oall'ica,  Aurie'ula  tnu'ris  major,  (F.) 
Eperviire  des  murailles,  Pulmonaire  desFraneais. 
A  European  plant,  which  is  a  slight  tonic. 

Hibraciux  Oleraceum,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

Hieracium  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Aurie'ula  Muris,  Pilosel'la,  P.  AlpVna, 
Myositis,  Mouse-ear,  (F.)  Piloeelle,  Oreille  de 
Souris.  This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent 
juice,  which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringency. 
The  roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

HiERA'cruM  Veho'sum,  Rattlesnakeweed,  Veiny 
Hawkiceed,  indigenous,  has  similar  properties. 

HIERANOSUS,  Chorea,  Epilepsy. 

HIERAX,  Accipiter. 

HIEROBOTANE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

HIEROGLYPH'ICA,  from  Uipos,  'holy/ and 
y\v<pt*,  'I  carve/  A  name  given  to  the  signs 
employed  in  medicine j  and,  also,  to  the  folds  in 
the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which  afford  chi- 
romancy its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPTR,  Erysipelas. 

HILL'S  BALSAM  OF  HONEY,  see  Balaam 
of  Honey,  Hill's— h.  Essence  of  Bardana,  Tinctura 
guaiaoi  ammoniata. 

HILLBERRT,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  hill. 

HILON,  (F.)JHt7um,  improperly  Hilus.  A  name 
given  by  some  writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour, 
formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an 
opening  in  the  transparent  cornea,  so  called  from 
its  comparison  with  the  kite  or  black  mark  pre- 
sented by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremities. 
In  Botany,  the  Hile  or  Hilum  is  the  cicatricnla 
of  a  seed,  which  indicates  the  place  by  which  it 
was  attached  in  the  cavity  of  the  pericarp.  It 
is  tho  umbilicus  of  the  seed.    The  fissure  of  the 


I 


HILUS 


442 


HISTOGENIA 


spleen,  kidney,  Ac,  is,  also,  sometimes  called 
Hilus. 

HILUS,  Hilon. 

Hilus  Liena'lis,  Incisu'ra  liena'lis.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  spleen. 

Hilus  Rena'lis,  Incisu'ra  rena'lis.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  kidney. 

IIIMANTOMA,  see  Himas. 

HIMANTOSIS,  Himas. 

HIMAS,  Vas,  *  a  thong  of  leather.'  The  uvnla; 
likewise,  elongation,  and  extenuation  of  the  uvula. 
It  is  also  called  Himanto'sis,  HimatUo'ma.  See 
Staphyledema. 

HIMEROS,  Libido. 

HIP,  Haunch — h.  Bone,  Ischium — h.  Disease, 
Coxarum  morbus — h.  Joint,  Coxofemoral  articu- 
lation— h.  Tree,  Rosa  canina. 

HIP'PACE,  'unraKti,  from  Woj,  'a  horse.' 
Ca'seus  Equi'nus.  A  cheese  prepared  from  mare's 
milk. 

HIPPANTHRO'PIA,  from  'me*  'a  horse/ 
and  avSpunos,  '  a  man/  A  variety  of  melancholy, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  to 
a  horse.  The  Greek  word  'imravSpuiros,  means 
the  fabulous  Centaur. 

HIPPASIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEUSIS,  Equitation. 

HIPPIATER,  Hippi'dtros,  Med'icvs  eqna'rius. 
A  farrier.  A  horse  doctor.  Used  also  for  one 
who  treats  the  diseases  of  other  domestic  animals ; 
Veterina'rius,  Mulomed'icus,  Med'icus  Veterina'- 
rius, Zoi'dtrus. 

HIPPIATRI'A,  Hippiat'rica,  Hippiat'rice, 
Medici' na  equa'ria,  from  'urrot,  'a  horse/  and 
larpiKTi,  'medicine/  (F.)  Hippiatrique.  A  science, 
whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.  It  is  sometimes  made  to  include  other 
domestic  animals.     See  Veterinary  art. 

HIPPIATR1QUE,  Hippiatria. 

HIPPIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

HIPPO,  Euphorbia  corollata— h.  Indian,  Gil- 
lenia  trifoliata. 

HIPPOCAMPE  GRANDE,  Cornu  ammonis, 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

HlPPOCAll'PUS  MlXOR,  Pea  hippocam'pi  minor, 
Pet  hippopot' ami  minor,  Unguis,  U.  Aria,  U.Hal- 
leri,  O'crea,  Collic'ulus  ca'vea:  posterio'ris  ventri- 
culo'rum  latera'liumtCalcar  a' vis,  Un'ciform  Em,'- 
inence,  (F.)  Ergot,  Eperon.  A  medullary  tubercle 
or  projection,  observed  in  the  posterior  cornu  of 
the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM,  Chi- 
ronia  centaurium. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret 

HIPPOCRATES,  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d'Hippo- 
crate — h.  Sleeve,  Chansse. 

HIPPOCRAT'IC,  Hippocrat'icus.  Relating  to 
Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — nsJIip- 
pocratie  doctrine,  Hippoeratic  face,  Ac. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Hippo- 
eratic doctrine. 

HIPPOGONYOLEPUS,  Crusta  genu  equina*. 

HIPPOLAPATHUM,  Rumex  patientia. 

HIPPOLITHUS,  Bezoard  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOMARATHRUM,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

HIPPOPATHOL'OGY,  Hippopathologf'ia, 
from  'tnrras,  '  a  horse,  va$os,  'a  disease/  and  Aoyoj, 
'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.     Pathology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOPHAGOUS,  Equivorous. 

HIPPOPUS,  see  Kyllosia. 

HIPPOS,  Equus. 

HIPPOSELINUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hipposteolog"ia,  from 
'error,  'a  horse/  ocrtov,  'a  bone/  and  Xoyos,  'a 
discourse.'    Osteology  of  the  horse. 


HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotom'ia,  from  W©«,  'a 
horse/  and  rcpvtiv,  'to  cut'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

HIPPU'RIA,  from  Wot,  'a  horse,'  and  mpe*, 
'urine/  because  the  urine  contains  hippuric  acid, 
which  is  found  in  the  urine  of  the  horse.  A  pa- 
thological condition,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine. 
HIPPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 
HIPPU'RIS  VULGA'RIS,  from  '««*,  'a 
horse/  and  ovpa,  'a  tail/  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Horse's  Tail,  Mare's  Tail,  Equise'tum  wt- 
mu,  Equise'tum,  (F.)  Prile,  Presle,  Asprile.  It 
is  an  astringent,  and  frequently  used,  as  tea,  by 
the  vulgar,  in  diarrhoea  and  hemorrhage.  The 
same  virtues  are  attributed  to  the  Equise'tum  ar- 
reting, fluviat'ile,  limo'sum,  Ac. 

HIPP  US,  EquuB,  Nicta'tiof  from  'irac,  'a 
horse/  A  disease  of  the  eyes,  in  which,  from 
birtb,  they  perpetually  twinkle,  like  those  of  a 
man  on  horseback.  (?)  AIbo,  a  tremulous  condition 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  repeated  alternations 
of  contraction  and  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  Jri- 
dot'romus,  Tremor  I'ridis. 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.  The  fruit  of  the  dog-rote, 
Rosa  Cani'na :  chiefly  used  as  a  confection.  See 
Confectio  Rosas  Caninas. 

HIRCIS'MUS,  Hire**,  Hirqwts,  from  hire**, 
'a  goat/  Stinking  like  a  goat:  —  applied  espe- 
cially to  the  odour  of  the  secretions  of  the  axilla. 

HIRCUS,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircismus,  Tra- 
gus—  h.  Alarum,  Cinabra. 

HIRQUITALITAS,from  Atrctis,  'a goat,'  Pa- 
rapho'nia  pu'berum.  Goat's  voice.  SeeEgophony. 

HIRQUUS,  Hircus,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircis- 
mus. Tragus. 

HIRSU'TIES,  Das'yma,  Das'yles,  Tricho'nt, 
Hirsu'ties,  Hair'iness.  Growth  of  hairs  on  extra- 
neous parts,  or,  superfluous  growth  on  parts ;  as 
in  cases  of  bearded  women.  —  Good. 

HIRU'DO,  The  Leech,  Sanguuni'ga,  BdeUa. 
In  medicine,  the  Hiru'do  Medicina'lis,  BdeUa 
Medicina'lis,  or  Medicinal  Leech,  (F.)  Sangsne, 
is  employed.  In  the  United  States,  H.  dec'om. 
is  used.  The  leech  lives  in  fresh  water,  and 
feeds  on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sueks, 
after  having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  ha*  been  taken  advantage  of; 
to  produce  local  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
leech,  the  part  must  be  wiped  dry ;  and  if  there 
be  difficulty  in  making  it  suck,  a  little  milk  or 
cream  may  be  applied.  When  satiated,  it  will 
drop  off,  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar 
to  its  head  it  will  disgorge  the  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequently.   The  American  takes  less. 

Hirudo  Artificialis,  Antlia  sanguisuga — h. 
Decora,  see  Hirudo — h.  Medicinalis,  Hirudo. 

HIRUNDINARIA,  Asclepias  vincetoxictuo, 
Lysimachia  nummularis* 

HIRUN'DO,  Chel'idon,  from  htrendo,  'stick- 
ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests  against  the 
houses.  (?)  The  Swallow.  The  nests  of  the 
swallow  were  once  employed  as  rubefacients, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

HISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  eubacetas. 

HISPIDITAS,  Dystoechiasis,  Phalangeals. 

HISPIDULA,  Antennaria  dioicum. 

HISSING  RESPIRATION,  seeR&le  sibilvnL 

HISTIOLOGY,  Histology. 

HISTODYAL'YSIS,  from  Urns,  'organic  tex- 
ture/ and  SiaXveis,  '  dissolution/  A  morbid  dis- 
solution of  the  tissues. 

HISTOGEN'IA,  Histog"eny,  from  hcrot,  'the 
organic  texture/  and  yivtats,  'generation/  The 
formation  and  de  velopmen  t  of  the  organic  textures. 


HISTOLOGIC 


443 


HOMCEOZTGT 


HTSTOLOGIA,  Histology. 

HISTOLOGICAL,  Hi*tolog"icue.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  next  Relating  to  histology.  Ap- 
plied, also,  at  times,  to  the  natural  transforma- 
tions that  occur  in  the  tissues  in  the  embryo,  in 
contradistinction  to  morphological,  which  applies 
to  the  alterations  in  the /ortn  of  the  several  parts 
of  the  embryo. 

HISTOL'OGY,  Hietolog"ia,  Hieliol'ogy,  Hie- 
Holog"ia,  from  Uotos,  '  the  organio  texture/  and 
Xoyotf  'a  description.'  Anatomy  (general).  The 
term  is,  also,  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues.  See  Anatomy. 

HISTON'OMY,  Hietonom'ia,  from  'ictoc' '  the 
organic  texture/  and  yopo*  '  law.'  The  aggregate 
of  laws,  whioh  preside  over  the  formation  and 
arrangement  of  the  organio  tissues. 

HIS'TORY,  MED'ICAL,  Hieto'ria  Medici'na. 
A  narration  of  the  chief  circumstances,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progress  of 
medicine. 

HIST'OS,  Uvros,  'the  organic  texture.'  Tex- 
tu'ra  seu  Tela  organ'ica. 

HISTOT'OMY,  Hietotom'ia  from  'teres,  'orga- 
nic texture/  and  ropri,  '  incision.'  Dissection  of 
the  tissues. 

HIVE  SYRUP,  Syrupus  scillse  composites. 

HIVES,  Cynanche  tracheal  is,  Urticaria,  Vari- 
eella.  In  Scotland,  according  to  Dr.  Jameson, 
Hive*  or  Hyvee  means  any  eruption  of  the  skin, 
proceedings vfrom  an  internal  cause ;  and,  in  Lo- 
thian, it  is  used  to  denote  both  the  red  and  the 
yellow  gum.  In  the  United  States,  it  is  vaguely 
employed:  most  frequently,  perhaps,  for  Urti- 
caria. 

Hives,  Bold,  Urticaria. 

HOARSENESS,  Raucedo. 

HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HOCK,  Poples. 

HOG-LICE,  Onisci  aselli. 

HOGWORT,  Heptallon  graveolens. 

HOLANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  'oAof,  'entire/ 
and  anencephalia,  'absence  of  brain.'  Entire 
absence  of  brain, — the  same  as  Anencephalia. — 
G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HOLARTHRITIS,  Hamarthritis. 

HOLCE,  'oX*u,  'a  dram.'— Galon. 

HOL'CIMOS,  'oXxtpos,  from'«X*»,  'a  weight,' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

HOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

HOLERA,  Cholera. 

HOLLANDS,  G;n. 

HOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Hex  opaca— h.  Com- 
mon, Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vomitoria 
— h.  Ground,  Pyrola  maculata  —  h.  Ground,  Py- 
rola  umbellata — h.  Sea,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

HOLLYHOCK,  COMMON,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMES  WEED,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS,  Mortar. 

HOLOCYRON,  Teucrium  ehamsspitys. 

HOLONARCO'SIS,  from  'oAof,  'whole/  and 
vafKoxjts' '  stupor.'  Narcosis  of  the  whole  body. 
Torpefactio  univerea'li*. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  Phlyetama. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

HOLOTETANUS,  see  Tetanus. 

HOLOTONIA,  Holotonicus,  Tetanus. 

HOLOTON'ICUS,  'oAaj,  'the  whole/  and  t«v», 
'I  stretch.'  Holoton'ia.  A  spasm  of  the  whole 
body.    A  variety  of  tetanus. — Sauvages. 

HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales,  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St  Winifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

HOMAGRA,  Omagra. 


HOMEOPATHY,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMERDA,  Stercus  humanum. 

HOME'RIA  COLLI'NA.  A  poisonous  Sooth 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Iridess,  the  bulb  of  which 
acts  as  a  violent  acro-narcotic,  producing  fatal 
results  very  speedily. 

HOMESICKNESS,  Nostalgia. 

HOMICI'DAL,  TruculeH'tus,Fcrue,  from  homo, 
'  man/  and  casdo, '  I  kill.'  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  homicide  or  the  killing  of  man. 

Homicidal  Insanity,  Homioi'dal  Monoma'nia, 
(F.)  Monomanic  homicide.  Insanity,  with  an  ir- 
resistible impulse  to  destroy  life. 

HOMILIA,  Coition. 

HOM'INY.  A  word  of  Indian  derivation. 
Maize  or  Indian  corn  hulled  and  coarsely  broken. 
It  is  prepared  for  food  by  being  mixed  with  water 
and  boiled. 

Homint,  Whbatih,  see  Groats. 

HOMIOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

HOMME,  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man, —the  chief  and  moat 
perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek,  av£*4*irof, 
Anthro'poe,  from  ava,  'upwards,  and  rpc*w,  'I 
turn ;'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  Ho 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw,  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  especially  distinguished  from  other 
mammalia  by  the  faculty,  which  he  possesses,  of 
classing  his  ideas;  comparing  them  with  each 
other;  and  connecting,  representing,  and  trans- 
mitting them  by  signs  and  articulate  sounds.  He 
possesses,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes 
of  intelligence, — memory,  judgment,  and  imagi- 
nation. He  inhabits  all  countries,  —  the  burning 
regions  of  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  chilling  at- 
mosphere of  the  polar  climes.  In  different  situa- 
tions, he  presents,  in  his  figure*  colour,  and  sta- 
ture, differences  which  have  caused  mankind  to 
be  divided  by  naturalists  into  races  or  varieties. 
The  number  of  such  races  can  only  be  approxi- 
mated. Blumenbaeh  admits  five,  the  Caucasian, 
Ethiopian,  Mongolian,  Malay,  and  American, 
Every  division  mast  necessarily  be  arbitrary,  and 
the  individuals  composing  each  variety  are  far 
from  being  alike. 

Homo  Alatus,  see  Alatus. 

Homo  Cauda'tus,  '  Tailed  man.'  A  fabulous, 
tailed  variety  of  the  human  species,  '  incola  orbis 
antarctici/  admitted  by  Linnaeus,  although  he  is 
uncertain  whether  to  rank  them  with  men  or 
apes! 

Homo  Fatuus,  Idiot. 

HOMOED'RUS,  from  o/iov,  'together/  and 
tfya,  '  seat.'  Having  the  same  seat.  Morbi  ho* 
moHdri:— diseases  that  have  the  same  seat. 

HOMCEOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMCEOPATH,  Homoeopathist 

HOMCEOPATH'IC,  Homoeopath' Yctrt,  Homce- 
op'athee.     Relating  to  homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHIST,  Ho'mosopath,  Hommo- 
path'icve,  Homceopathie'ta,  HomotopaihWtee.  One 
who  believes  in  homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHY,  Homceopathi'a,  Are  home- 
opath'ica,  Homeop'athy,  from  'o/ioto?,  'like/  and 
vaSoi,  'affection.'  A  fanciful  doctrine,  which 
maintains,  that  disordered  actions  in  the  human 
body  are  to  be  cured  by  inducing  other  disor- 
dered actions  of  the  same  kind,  and  this  to  be 
accomplished  by  infinitesimally  small  doses,  of- 
ten of  apparently  inert  agents;  the  dccillionth 
part  of  a  grain  of  charcoal,  for  example,  is  an 
authorized  dose. 

HOMCEOZ'YGY,  from  'opoio;,  'like/  and  {vyem, 
'I  join  together.'    (F.)  Soi-pour-eoi.    The  lav 


HOMOBTHNIA 


444 


HORSE  CANE 


-*t  association  of  organs,  by  which  like  parts  ad- 
here to  lik»  parts. — Serres. 

HOMOETHNIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOGENESI8,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homio'eie,  from  'oftoiou,  'I  re- 
semble/ 'I  assimilate.'  An  elaboration  of  the 
nutritious  jniee,  by  which  it  becomes  proper  for 
assimilation. 

HOMOLINON,  see  Apolinosis. 

HOM'OLOGUE,  Homol'ogut,  same  etymon  as 
homology.  A  term  applied  to  the  same  organ  in 
different  animals  under  every  variety  of  form  and 
function. 

HOMOL'OGY,  from  tyocof,  'like/  and  Xoyoj, 
'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similar  parts. 
Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  body  are  said  to  be 
'homologous/  HomoVogoue,  homomorph'oM,  or 
KomcBomorph'oua  tissnes,  are  those  that  resemble 
others ;  in  opposition  to  heteroVogoue,  het'eroclite, 
or  heteromorph'ow,  which  are  new  formations. 
Homology  seems  now  to  be  accepted  as  the  de- 
signation of  the  doctrine  or  study,  the  subject  of 
which  is  the  relations  of  the  parts  of  animal  bo- 
dies.— Owen. 

HOMOMORPIIOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMONOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

HOMOPH'AGUS,  from  *»?<*,  'raw/  and  fay», 
'  I  eat'    One  who  eats  raw  flesh. 

HOMOPLAS'TY,  Homob-pla'm'a,  from  Vmoj, 
'like/  and  v\aoou,  'I  form.'  The  formation  of 
homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula. 

HOMOT'ONOS,  JEgua'li;  from  V>$,  'equal/ 
and  rovof, '  tone/  That  which  has  the  same  tone. 
A  continued  fever,  whose  symptoms  have  an 
equal  intensity  during  the  whole  course  of  the 
disease,  has  been  so  called.  See  Aomasticos,  and 
Synocha. 

HONESTY,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

HONEWORT,  FIELD,  Bison  amomuin. 

HONEY,  Mel— h.  Balsam  of,  Hill's,  see  Mel— 
h.  Bloom,  Apocynum  androssemifolium  —  h.  of 
Borax,  Mel  boraeis — h.  Clarified,  Mel  despumatum 
—  h.  Prepared,  Mel  prseparatum  —  h.  of  Roses, 
Mel  rosso — h.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillse 
oompositus. 

HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum. 

HONEYSUCKLE,  BUSH,  Diervilla  triflda. 

HONEY  SUGAR,  Glucose. 

HONGLANE,  Coptis  teeta. 

HONOR  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus. 

HONORARIUM,  Sostrum. 

HONTEUX,  Pudic. 

HOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora, 

HOOK,  Sax.  hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeek,  Un- 
eu§,  Unc"inu»,  Anc'yra,  (F.)  itrigne,  Airigne  on 
Erine.  An  instrument,  consisting  of  a  steel  wire, 
flattened  at  the  middle,  and  having  the  extremi- 
ties crooked  and  pointed.  Some  hooks  are  fur- 
nished with  a  handle  at  one  extremity — the  other 
having  one  or  two  hooks ; — constituting  the  single 
or  double  hook.  The  hook  is  used  by  anatomists 
and  surgeons  to  lay  bold  of,  and  raise  up,  certain 
parts,  the  dissoction  of  which  is  delicate,  or  which 
would  slip  from  the  fingers. 

The  Tenaculum  is  a  variety  of  the  hook. 

Hook,  Blunt,  Ich'thya,  Ich'thyi,  Onyx,  Unguis 
ferr'eu*.  An  instrument  which  is  passed  over 
the  flexures  of  the  joints  to  assist  in  bringing 
down  the  foetus  in  parturition. 

HOOP  TREE,  Melia  asedarach. 

HOOPERS  PILLS,  Pilulse  Aloes  et  Myrrhse. 

HOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis  —  h.  Roche's 
Embrocation  for,  see  Roche. 

HdPITAL,  Hospital. 

HQPLOCHRIS'MA,  from  'ewXor,  'a  weapon/ 


and  Xpivpa,  'salve.'  Unguen'tum  arma'rtM, 
Arm'atory  Unguent.  A  salve  which  was  sup- 
posed to  cure  wounds  by  sympathy, — the  instru- 
ment with  which  the  wound  was  inflicted  being 
anointed  with  it. 

HOPLOMOCH'LION,  'orXo/ioXXiov,  from  'o«W, 
'  a  weapon/  and  ^o^Xo;, '  a  lever.'  The  name  of 
an  iron  machine  or  apparatus,  which  embraced  the 
whole  body  like  armour.  A  figure  of  it  is  given 
by  Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

HOP  PILLOW,  see  Humulus  lupulus  — h. 
Plant,  Humulus  lupulus. 

HOQUET,  Singultus. 

HORA,  Hebe. 

HOR^EA,  Menses. 

HOR^OTES,  Maturity. 

HORDEI  MALTUM,  Malt 

HORDEOLUM,  diminutive  of  Hordeum,  'bar- 
ley.' Orde'olum,  Pos'thia,  Selerophthal'mia,  Ori- 
thi,  Crithid'ion,  Crythi,  Stye,  Styan,  (F.)  0r- 
gelet,  Orgeolet.  A  small,  inflammatory  tumour, 
of  the  nature  of  a  boil,  which  exhibits  itself  near 
the  free  edge  of  the  eyelids,  particularly  near  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

HOR'DEUM,  Or'deum,  Crithi.  The  seeds  of 
Hordeum  vulga'ri,  or  Scotch  Barley,  are  ranked 
amongst  the  Cerealia.  (F.)  Org*.  They  afford 
a  mucilaginous  decoction,  which  is  employed  as 
a  diluent  and  antiphlogistic  The  seeds  of  the 
Hordeum  dis'tichon,  H.  tBsti'vum,  Zeoc'riton  die*- 
tichum,  and  H.  hexas'tichon  possess  similar  pro- 
perties. Barley  is  freed  from  its  shells  in  mills, 
forming  the  Hor'de.um  munda'tum  sen  decortica1- 
tum  seu  excortica'tum ;  and,  at  times,  is  rubbed 
into  small,  round  grains,  somewhat  like  pearls, 
when  it  is  coiled  Hordeum  per  la' turn,  Pearl  Bar* 
ley,  (F.)  Orge  perU,  and  forms  the  Hordeum  demu- 
tatum  sen  perlatnm,  the  Hordei  eem'ina  tm'meie 
nuda'ta,  of  the  pharmacopoeias, — Hordeum  (Ph- 
il. S.) 

Hordeum  Causticum,  Yeratrum  sabadilla — h. 
Decorticatum,  see  Hordoum — h.  Denudatum,  see 
Hordeum  —  h.  Excorticatum,  see  Hordeum  —  b, 
Galacticum,  Oryaa — h.  Mundatum,  see  Hordeum 
— h.  Perlatum,  see  Hordeum. 

HOREHOUND,  Marrubium  — h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  foetida —  h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupatorium 
teucrifolium  —  h.  Stinking,  Ballota  foetida — h. 
Water,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus— 
h.  Wild,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium. 

HORME,  Instinct. 

HORMINUM,  Salvia  horminum  — h.  Colon- 
turn,  Salvia  horminum — h.  Sativum,  Salvia  hor- 
minum. 

HORMON,  Enormon. 

HORN,  Cornu. 

HORNSEED,  Ergot 

HORNY  EXCRESCENCES,  Lepido'sis,  /ea- 
thyi' cute  cornig" era,  Oor'nua  cuta'nea,  (F.)Comem 
de  la  Peau.  Certain  excrescences,  which  occa- 
sionally form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and  re- 
semble, in  shape,  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

Horny  Substance,  soe  Tooth.  ' 

nORRENTIA,  Horripilation. 

HOR'RIDA  CUTIS,  Goose-skin,  Cutis  anee- 
ri'na,  Dermatospasmus.  A  state  of  the  skin  ac- 
companying the  rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripila'tio,  Horror, 
Horren'tia,  Phrici,  Phricas'mus,  Phrici'aeie, 
Phri'eia,  from  horrere,  '  to  bristle  up/  and  Sfefae, 
'hair.'  (F.)  Horripilation,  Frissonnement.  Ge- 
neral chilliness,  preceding  fever,  and  accompanied 
with  bristling  of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 

HORROR,  Horripilation  —  h.  Ciborum,  Dfev 
gust  for  food. 

HORSE  BALM,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

HORSE  CANE,  Ambrosia  triflda. 


HORSE  CHESTNUT 


445 


HUMERUS 


HORSE    CHESTNUT,  JSscuIob  hippocasta- 
num.      *■       / 
HORSE  CRUST,  Cnuta  genu  equina. 
HORSEFLY  WEED,  Sophora  tinctoria. 
HORSEMINT,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Monarda  coc- 
einea  and  M.  punctata — h.  Sweet,  Cunila  ma- 
riana. 
HOR8E  RADISH,  Cochlearla  armoraeia. 
HORSE'S  TAIL,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
HORSEWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Collinsonia 
Canadensis. 
HORTULUS  CUPIDINIS,  Vulva, 
HORTUS,  Vulva— h.  Siccus,  Herbarium. 
HOS'PITAL,  primarily  from  hone*,  'a  guest' 
Nosocomi'um,   Adynatocomi'um,   Adynatodochi'- 
um,  Xenodoce'um,  Xenodoche'um,  Infirm' ary,  In- 
firma'rium,  Infirmato'rium,  Noeodochi'um,  Vale- 
tudina'rium,  (F.)  HCpital.  An  establishment  for 
the  reception  of  the  sick,  in  which  they  are  main- 
tained and  treated  medically.    Hospitals  were 
first  instituted  about  the  end  of  the  4th  century; 
a  period  at  which  the  word  veoicofuiov  was  em- 
ployed, for  the  first  time,  by  St.  Jerome.    They 
may  be  general,  receiving  all  cases ;  or  special, 
admitting  only  the  subjects  of  certain  diseases. 

Hos'pital  Gabgrene,  Phagtda'na  gangr*- 
no'*a,  Putrid  or  Malignant  Ulcer,  Gangra'na 
Noeocomio'rum  sen  Noeocomia'lit,  Sphae"elu*  no- 
eocomia'lie,  Hos'pital  Sore,  Gangrm'na  eontagio'- 
*a,  Ptttrefdo,(lf.)Pourriture  ou  Gangrtn*  d?h&pi- 
tal.  Gangrene,  occurring  in  wounds  or  ulcers, 
In  hospitals  the  air  of.  which  has  been  vitiated 
bv  the  accumulation  of  patients,  or  some  other 
circumstance.  Hospital  gangrene — many  differ- 
ent varieties  of  which  are  met  with,  and  always 
accompanied  or  preceded  by  fever — commonly 
commences  with  suppression  of  the  suppuration 
of  the  wound,  whioh  becomes  covered  with  a 
grayish  and  tenacious  sanies.  The  gangrene 
then  manifests  itself.  It  extends  from  the  centre 
of  the  ulcerated  surface  towards  the  edges ;  these 
become  swollen,  painful,  and  everted;  and  the 
patient  dies  with  all  the  signs  of  typhus.  The 
treatment  must  be  varied  according  to  circum- 
stances. Sometimes,  it  requires  the  use  of  sti- 
mulating, add,  caustic,  and  antiseptic  applica- 
tions,- with,  occasionally,  the  actual  cautery, 
aided  by  the  exhibition  of  tonics,  internally :  — 
at  others,  the  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emol- 
lient applications  may  be  necessary. 
Hospital,  Leper,  Ladreri*. 
H08TIARIUS,  Pylorus. 
HOT  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  mineral  wa- 
ters o£ 
HOUBLON,  Humulus  lupulua, 
HOUGH,  Poples. 

HOUNDS'  TONGUE,  Cynogloesnm. 
HOUPPE  NERVEUSE,  see  Papilla—*,  du 
Menton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris,  Levator  labii 
inferioris. 

HOURGLASS    CONTRACTION    OF   THE 
UTERUS,  see  Chaton. 

HOUSELEEK,  Sempervivum  teotornm— h. 
Small,  Sedum. 

HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE,  see  Knee,  house- 
maid's. 
HOUSE-PUPIL,  see  House-Surgeon. 
HOUSE-SURGEON,  Resident  Surgeon.  Usu- 
ally a  senior  house-pupil  or  graduate,  who  attends 
in  an  hospital,  to  every  accident  and  disease,  in 
the  absence  of  the  attending  physician  or  sur- 
geon.. It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals,  to 
the  Eleve  interne  or  Interne  of  the  French.  The 
£leve  extern*  or  Externe  is  a  less  advanced  pu- 
pil; from  whom  .Internee  are  chosen.  In  ordi- 
dinary  schools,  JSUve  extern*  means  a  day-scho- 
lar :  whilst  tUv*  intern*  means  a  boarder. 


BOUX,  Hex  aquifolium  — A.  Petit,  Ruscas— 
a.  Apalaehine,  Hex  vomitoria. 
HUACACACHU,  Datura  sanguine*. 
HUACO,  Guaoo. 
HUANU,  Guano. 

HUCKLEBERRIES,    tee    Gaylussacia,  and 
Vaccinium. 
HUCKLEBONB,  Ischion. 
HUDSON'S    PRESERVATIVE   FOR  THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinctura  Myrrh*. 

HUILE,  Oil— A.  c?  Absinthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of)  —  A.  c? Acajou,  see  Anaoardinm 
occidentale. 

HUILE  ACOUST1QUE  (F.),  Oleum  acue'ti- 
cum,  Acoustic  oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  prepared 
of  olive  oil,  5jj;  garlic,  ox-gall,  and  bay -leaves, 
each  3J;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and 
strained. 

HUILE  &AMANDES,  Oleum  amygdalarom 
— a.  d'Aneth,  see  Anethum  graveolens  —  A.  Ani- 
mal*, Oleum  animale  —  A.  Animate  de  Dippel, 
Oleum  animale  Dippelii  —  A.  Animalisie  par  in- 
fusion,  Oleum  animaliaatum  per  infusionem — A. 
cVAni*,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  A.  Aromatique, 
Oleum  animalizatnm  per  infusionem  —  A.  cT Am- 
rone,  Artemisia  abrotanum  (oil  of) — A.  de  Cacao, 
Butter  of  cacao  —  a.  de  Cade,  see  Juniperus  oxy- 
cedrus  —  h.de  Card,  Carum  (oil)  —  A.  o*e  Cidrat, 
Oleum  cedrinum  —  A.  de  petite  Chi  ens,  Oleum 
animaliaatum  per  Infusionem  —  a.  de  Come  d* 
Gerf,  Oleum  animale  Dippelii — A.  de  Foie  de  Mo- 
rue,  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli —  A.  de  Gabian,  Petro- 
lsram — A.  de  Gtrofle,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata 
—  A.  de  Laurier,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  A.  de 
Lin,  see  Linum  nritatissimnm  —  A.  de  Lie,  sea 
Lilium  oandidnm — A.  de  Morelle,  see  Solanum— - 
A.  de  Moru*,  Oleum  jeoinoris  aselli — A.  de  Note, 
see  Juglans  oinerea  —  A.  c7(Eillette,  Papaver 
(oil)— A.  de  Riein,  see  Rieinus  communis — A.  de 
Succin,  see  Suceinum  —  A.  Verte,  Balsam,  green, 
of  Mete — A.  de  Vin  douce,  Oleum  SBthereum. 

HUILES  ANIMALES,  Olea  animalia  —  A- 
Empyreumatiquee,  Olea  empyreumatica — A.  Ee- 
eentieUee,  Olea  volatilla  —  A.  Fixes  ou  Graeee*. 
Olea  fixa— A.  Fugacee,  Olea  fugacia— A.  Jffcit 
einalee,  Olea  medicinalia— A.  Volatile;  Olea  to. 
latilia. 

HUIT  DE  CHIFFRE.   Figure  of  8.   A  Van- 
dage  in  which  the  tarns  are  crossed  in  the  for* 
of  the  figure  8.    Snoh  is  the  bandage  used  *iA* 
bleeding  from  the  arm. 
HUITO,  Genipa  oblongifolia. 
HUtTRE,  Oetrea. 
HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit  de  diable. 
HUMBLE,  Rectus  inferior  oonlL 
HUMECT AN'TIA.    A  name  fonaerir  girt* 
to  drinks,  whioh  appeared  to  po&jesd  &o  ^fperV 
of  augmenting  the  fluidwr  of  th>  b\ooi. 

HU'MERAL,  HumerctlU.  That  which  belongi 
to,  or  is  connected  witl»,  Okt  arm  or  humerus. 

Hu'veral  Ab'tebt,  Arte'ria  humera'lis,  sea 
Brachial  artery. 

HUM^RO-CUBITAL,  Brachialis  anterior— 
A.  Sue-mitacarjpien,  see  Radialis — A.  Sue-radial, 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

HU'MERUS,  Sca'pula,  Omos,  Annus,  (F.) 
Epaul*.  The  most  elevated  part  of  the  arm. 
The  bones,  which  oononr  in  forming  it,  are :  — 
the  scapula,  head  of  the  humerus,  and  the  clavi- 
cle, united  together  by  strong  ligaments,  and  co- 
vered by  numerous  muscles. 

Hu'merus,  Oe  Ku'meri,  Oe  bra'ehtt,  0*  adju- 
to'rium,  Oe  braehia'U,  Bra'ehium,  Laeer'tu*,  to 
the  cylindrical,  irregular  bone  of  the  arm ;  the 
upper  extremity  of  which  has  a  hemispherical  head 
connected  with  the  scapula;  and  two  tuberosities) 
or  tubercle*,  a  greater  and  U***rt  for  the  attach* 


HUHEUR 


44* 


HYALOID 


ment  of  musoles,  between  which  is  the  Bicipital 
groove  or  Fo$sa.  At  the  inferior  extremity  may 
be  remarked — the  inner  condyle,  the  outer  con- 
dyle; the  small  head,  which  is  articulated  with 
the  radius;  the  trochlea  articulated  with  the  ulna, 
Ac.  The  humerus  is  developed  by  seven  points 
of  ossification :  —  one  for  the  body ;  one  for  the 
head ;  one  for  the  greater  tuberosity ;  one  for  the 
trochlea;  one  for  the  epitrochlea;  one  for  the  epi- 
condyle;  and  another  for  the  lesser  hesxL^ 

Humerus  Summus,  Acromion. 

HUMEUR  AQUEU8E,  Aqueous  humour— 
"h.  Oryttalline,  Crystalline  —  h.  Hyaloide,  Corpus 
yitreum. 

HUMEURS  FROIDES,  Scrofula, 

HUM  WE  RADICALE,  Humidum  radicale. 

HUMIDUM  NATIVUM,  H.  radicale— h.  Na- 
tivum  Articulorum,  Synovia — h.  Primigenium, 
H.  radicale. 

Hu'midum  Radica'lS,  Hu'midum  primige'niwn 
•eu  Nati'vum  seu  Semina'li,  Radical  Moisture, 
(F.)  Humide  radicale.  Names  formerly  given  to 
the  liquid  which  was  conceived  to  give  flexibility 
and  proper  consistence  to  the  different  organic 
textures. 

Humidum  Sbminale,  H.  radicale. 

HUMILIS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

HUMILUS,  Humulus  lupulus.  i 

HUMOR,  Humour — h.  Albugineous,  Aqueous 
humour — h.  Articularis,  Synovia — h.  Ceruminous, 
Cerumen — h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea — h.  Genitalis, 
Sperm — h.  Glacialis,  Crystalline,  Corpus  vitreum 
— -  h.  Hyalinus  seu  Hyaloid  es,  Corpus  vitreum  — 
h.  Lacteus,  Milk — h.  Lachrjmalis,  Tear— h.  Me- 
lancholicus,  see  Merourialis — h.  Mercurialis,  see 
Merourialis — h.  Morgagnianus,  Morgagni,  humor 
of — h.  Ovatus,  Aqueous  humour — h.  Oviformis, 
Aqueous  humour — h.  Pericardii,  sec  Pericardium 
— h.  Purulentus,  Pus — h.  Seminalis,  Sperm — h. 
Venereus,  Sperm — h.  Yitreus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HU'MORAL,  Humor  a' lis,  from  humere,  'to 
moisten/  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

HU'MORISM,  Hu'moral  Pathol'ogy,  Patho- 
log"ia  humera'lis.  A  medical  theory,  founded 
exclusively  on  the  parts  which  the  humours  were 
considered  to  play  in  the  production  of  disease. 
Although  traces  of  this  system  may  be  found  in 
the  most  remote  antiquity,  the  creation,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  arrangement  of  it  may  be  attributed 
to  Galen,  who  enveloped  it  in  metaphysical  sub- 
tleties relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements 
and  the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  physicians,  who 
attributed  all  diseases  to  the  depraved  state  of  the 
humours,  or  to  vicious  juices  oolleoted  in  the  body. 

HUMOUR,  Humor,  Hygra'sia,  Hygre'don, 
Hygrum.  Every  fluid  substance  of  an  organized 
body;  —  •*  the  blood,  chyle,  lymph,  Ac  The 
Humours,  xvu0l>  Chymi,  Humofres,  differ  consi- 
derably as  to  number  and  quality  in  the  different 
species  of  organized  beings;  and  even  in  the 
same  species,  according  to  the  state  of  health  or 
disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them  to  four ; 
Which  they  called  car'dinal  humours: — the  blood, 
phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  atrabilis  or  black  bile. 
A  modern  classification  of  the  humours  is  given 
under  Fluid. 

HUMP.  Perhaps  from  umbo,  *  the  boss  of  a 
buckler/  Hunch,  Gibber,  Gibbus,  Gibba,  Tuber, 
(F.)  Bosse.  A  prominence,  formed  by  a  devia- 
tion of  the  bones  of  the  trunk.  Commonly,  it  is 
formed  by  the  spine  or  sternum,  and"is  seated  at 
the  posterior  or  anterior  part  of  the  trunk.  It 
may,  also,  be  produced  by  deviation  of  the  ribs 
or  pelvis.  The  spine  may  be  curved  in  three 
principal  directions.  1.  Backwards,  the  most 
common  case;  this  the  ancients  called  mpisvif, 


Oypho'sis,  Gxbbos'Uas.  2.  Forwards,  Xop&geif,  Lor- 
do' sis,  Recurva'tio ;  and,  3.  Laterally,  meoAiwmc, 
Scolio'sis,  Obstipa'tio.  Most  curvatures  occur  at 
a  very  early  age,  and  are  caused  by  scrofula, 
rickets,  Ac. ;  and,  not  unfrequently,  they  are 
accompanied  by  caries  of  the  vertebra.  See  Ver- 
tebral disease. 

HU'MULUS  LU'PULUS,  Lu'pulus,  L.  scan- 
dens  seu  commu'nis  seu  salicta'rius,  Humulus,  Con- 
volvulus peren'nis,  the  Hop-plant.  Nat.  Ord.  Ur- 
ticeaB.  (F.)  Houblon,  Vigne  du  nord.  Its  cones 
or  strobiles,  Hu'muli  strob'ili  (Ph.  L.),  Humulus 
(PhV  U.  S.),  have  a  fragrant  odour ;  and  a  bitter, 
aromatio  taste,  depending  on  a  peculiar  principle, 
named  Lu'pulin,  extractive  and  essential  oil, 
which  may  be  extracted,  equally,  by  water  and 
spirit,  from  the  dried  strobiles.  The  hop  is  em- 
ployed  as  a  tonic  and  hypnotic,  and  enters  into 
the  composition  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  Hop  pillow,  Pulvi'nar  Hu'muli,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

HUNCH,  Hump. 

HUNGARICA  FEBRIS,  Fever,  Hungary. 

HUNGER,  Anglo-Saxon,  hun  &ep,  Fames,  Li- 
mos,  Peine",  Peina,  Esu'ries,  Jeju'nium,Jeju'nitas, 
Esurit"io,  Esuri'go,  (F.)  Faim.  The  necessity 
for  taking  food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  sensation, 
which  some  authors  have  attributed  to  the  fric- 
tion between  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
empty  state;  others,  to  the  compression  of  the 
nerves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted ;  others,  to 
the  action  of  the  gastric  juice,  Ac.  It  is  dictated 
by  the  wants  of  the  system :  —  farther  we  know 
not    See  Appetite. 

HUNGER-CURE,  Limotherapeia. 

HUNGRY,  FameVicus,  Li'micus,  Limo'des; 
same  etymon.     Affected  with  hunger. 

HURA  BRASILIEN'SIS,  Ansacou,  Astnc*, 
Ussacu.  A  Brazilian  tree,  of  the  Family  Euphor- 
biacea),  which,  in  the  form  of  the  extract  of  the 
bark,  is  esteemed  a  specific  in  leprosy.  It  is, 
also,  given  in  elephantiasis,  and  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

HYACINTH,  WILD,  Scilla  esculenta. 

HYACINTHUS  MUSCARI,  Bulbus  vomi 
torius. 

HY^NAN'CHfi  GLOBO'SA.  An  arborescent 
shrub  of  South  Africa,  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiacese, 
the  fruit  of  which,  pounded,  is  used  to  destroy 
hyaenas  and  other  beasts  of  prey,  and  seems  to 
contain  strychnia. 

HYALEUS,  Hyaline. 

HY'ALINE,  HyaWnus,  HyaU'us,  FtrVeas, 
Vifreout.    Glassy.     Resembling  glass. 

Hyaline  Substance,  Cytoblastema. 

HYALFTIS,  Inftamma'tio  tu'nic*  hyalotdem, 
from  hyaloid,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hyaloid  membrane  of  the  eye. 

HY'ALOID,  Hyalo'de^HyaUn'des,  from  <»aA*, 
'glass/  and  uSof,  'resemblance/  Vi triform;  re- 
sembling glass. 

Hyaloid  Canal,  see  Hyaloid  membrane. 
^  Hyaloid  Fossa,  Fossa  Hyaloidea,  is  a  cop- 
like  excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in  which 
the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

Hy'aloid  Membrane,  Tu'nica  Hyaloldea.Mtm- 
bra'na  ArachnoVdea,  T.  vit'rea,  is  the  extremely 
delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior  co- 
vering of  the  vitreous  humour,  and  transmits 
within  it  prolongations,  which  divide  it  into  cells. 
Fallopius  discovered  this  membrane,  and  gave  it 
the  name  Hyaloid.  On  a  level  with  the  entrance 
of  the  optic  nerve  into  the  eye,  the  hyaloid 
membrane  has  been  described  as  forming,  by  re- 
flection, a  cylindrical  canal,  which  pierces  the 
vitreous  humour  from  behind  to  before,  as  far  as 
the  posterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  See  (^ual, 
hyaloid 


HTALONIXIS 


447 


HYDRARGYRI 


HTALONIXIS,  aee  Cataract. 

HYALONYXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALOS,  Vitrum. 

HYANCHE,  Cynanohe  tonsillaris. 

HYBOMA,  Gibbositas. 

HYBRID,  (F.)  Hybrid*,  from  the  Greek,  'vfyis, 
'v/?pcoor,  '  mongrel.'  A  being  born  of  two  differ- 
ent species,  —  as  the  mule.  The  term  is  applied 
to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.  The  result  is 
termed  Uybridity.  Hybrid  is  often,  also,  used  to 
designate  words  which  are  formed  from  two  dif- 
ferent languages, — as  uter-itw,  for  inflammation 
of  the  uterus,  in  place  of  metritis 

HYBRIDITY,  see  Hybrid. 

HYDARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDARTHRUS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HY'DATID,  Hy'dati;  Bulla,  Aqu'ula,  My- 
dro'a,  Hydrocyt'tU,  Hygrocyjtit,  Tania  hyda- 
tig"ena,  Echinococ'cu*  huma'nua,  from  'v&»p,  '  wa- 
ter.' This  name  was  long  given  to  every  en- 
cysted tumour  which  contained  an  aqueous  and 
transparent  fluid.  Many  pathologists,  subse- 
quently, applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer  than  the 
tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less  transparent, 
which  are  developed  within  organs,  but  without 
adhering  to  their  tissue.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  these  formations  are  really  entosoa.  They 
have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  body  ; 
sometimes  in  the  uterus,  occasioning  signs  nearly 
similar  to  those  of  pregnancy,  but  being  sooner 
or  later  expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally  at- 
tended with  more  or  less  hemorrhage.  See  Ace- 
phalocystis. 

Hydatia,  Aqu'ula,  Phlycta'nula,  Vcrru'ca  Pal- 
pebra'rum,  Milium,  also,  meant  a  small,  transpa- 
rent tumour  of  the  eyelids. — Galen,  C.  Hoffmann. 

HYDATIDES  CBRVICIS  UTERI,  Nabothi 
glandules. 

HYDATIDOCE'LE,  ffydatoee'le,  from  'vtarts, 
'hydatid,'  and  «?An,  'a  tumour.'  Oscheocele 
containing  hydatids ;  the  0$cheocefU  kydatido'sa, 
Hydatidoscheoce'li  of  Sauvagos. 

HYDATIDOIDES,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'troanj,  'hydatid.'  A 
tumour  caused  by  hydatids. 

HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE,  Hydatidocele. 

HYDATINUS,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIS  FINNA,  Cysticercus  eellulos». 

HYDATIS'MUS,  from  M»p,  'water.'  The 
noise  caused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  contained 
in  an  abscess. — Aurelian,  Foesius. 

HYDATOCELE  Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele. 

HYDATOCH'OLOS,  from  *»^  'water,'  and 
%okff,  'bile.'  Aquoto-bilioua.  An  epithet  given 
to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed  with  water  and 
bile. — Hippoorates,  Foesius. 

HYDATODES,  Aqueous. 

HY'DATOID,  Hydatol'det,  A'queow,  Aqvo'- 
tw,  Hydato'dcs,  Hydat'inu*,  Hydatido'det,  Hy- 
datidol'dea,  from  <v£j>p,  'water,'  and  u&os,  *  re- 
semblance.' Watery.  Resembling  water.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  the  membrane  of  the 
aqueous  humour j  and,  also,  to  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour itself.     Vinum  hydato'dea  ;  wine  and  water. 

HYDATONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. s 

HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'vfop,  'water,'  and 
w*ctg,  'drinking.     Water-drinking; — hence 

HYDATOP'OTES.    A  water-drinker. 

HYDERICUS,  Hydropic 

HYDERODES,  Hydropic. 

HYDEROXCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

HYDOR,  lviup,  and  Hydaa,  %6at,  'genitive/ 
*96aroft '  water.'    Hence : 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Varicella.       I 

HYDRADBN,  Conglobate  gUad. 


RYT>RAI>Em>TI8Jn/lamma'tio9landul«'rtm 
lymphatica'rum,  from  Hydraden,  4a  lymphatio 
gland,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

HYDRjE'DUS,  from  '©tap,  'water/  and  atiata, 
'  genital  organs.'    (Edema  of  the  female  organs. 

HYDREMIA,  Hydrosemia. 

HYDRAGOGA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGICA,  Hydragogues. 

HY'DRAGOGUES,  Hydrago'ga,  Hydrago'gia, 
Hydrago'gica,  Hydrop'ica,  Hydrot'ica,  AquidW- 
ca,  from  'vfop, '  water,'  and  ayw,  '  I  expel.'  Me- 
dicines believed  to  be  capable  of  expelling  serum 
effused  into  any  part  of  the  body.  These  are 
generally  cathartics  or  diuretics. 

HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  nitru. 

HYDRALLANTE,  False  Waters. 

HYDRALMiB,  Waters,  mineral  (saline). 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'vtap,  'water/  and 
'amnio*,'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liquor 
amnii. 

HYDRAN'GEA  ARBORES'CENS,  WildHy- 
dran'gea,  Biaaum.  An  indigenous  plant,  which 
flowers  in  July.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  tonic, 
sialagogue,  cathartio,  and  diuretic. 

HYDRANGEITI8,  Angeioleucitis. 

HYDRA  NGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

HYDRANGIOTOMIA,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  ffydrargyren- 
trip'aia,  from  'vdpapyvpes,  '  quicksilver/  and  aro- 
rpt\lis,  'rubbing  in.  The  rubbing  in  of  a  prepa- 
ration of  quicksilver : — Hydrargyrotrip'aia. 

HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACETAS,  Hydrargyrus  aee- 
tatus — h.  Bichloridum,  H.  oxymurias — h.  Bicya- 
nidum,  H.  oyanuretum — h.  Biniodidum,  H.  iodi- 
dum  rubrum — h.  Binoxydum,  H.  oxydum  rubrum 
— h.  Bisulphuretum,  H.  sulphuretum  rubrum — h. 
Borussias,  H.  oyanuretum — h.  Bromidum,  see 
Bromine  —  h.  Calx  alba,  Hydrargyrum  prooipi- 
tatum — h.  Chloridum,  H.  submurias — h.  Chlori- 
dum  eorrosivum,  H.  Oxymurias  —  h.  Chloridum 
mite,  H.  submurias. 

Hydrar'otri  CrAiruRE'TUir,  H.  Borua'aias,  H. 
Bicyan'iduwij  Hydrargyrum  Cyanogena'tum,  H* 
Hydroeyan'ieum,  Prueaiaa  Hydrar'gyri,  Cyan'u- 
ret  or  Pruaaiate  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Cyanure  de  Mer- 
cure.  ( Ferri  Ferro-cyanuret.  5  iv  j  Hydrarg.  oxid. 
rubr.  Jig,  vel  q.  8. ;  Aqum  deatillaU  Oiij.  Put 
the  ferro-cyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 
of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thoroughly 
mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  pour  on 
two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the  mix- 
ture, stirring  constantly ;  and  if,  at  the  end  of 
half  an  hour,  the  blue  color  remains,  add  small 
portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  continuing  the 
ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes  of  a  yellow- 
ish colour j  then  filter  through  paper.  Wash  the 
residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  ap- 
pears, and  set  the  liquor  aside,  that  crystals  may 
form.  To  purify  the  crystals,  subject  it  to  re- 
solution, evaporation,  and  crystallisation.  —  Ph. 
U.  8.)  This  preparation  has  been  strongly  re* 
commended  as  a  powerful  antisyphilitic,  and  is 
admitted  into  the  Parisian  codex.  Twelve  to 
twenty-four  grains  may  be  dissolved  in  a  quart 
of  distilled  water,  and  three  or  four  spoonfuls  of 
the  solution  be  taken  daily,  in  a  glass  of  any  ap- 
propriate liquid. 

Htdbargyri  Deuto-iodidux,  H.  Iodidum  ru- 
brum. 


HYDRARGYRI 


446 


HYDRAROTRI 


Hydrargyri  Dbuto-iodubbtum,  toe  Iodine — 
b.  Hyperoxodes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Iod'idom,  H.  Protoiod'idum  sea 
Proto-iodure'tum  seu  Subiod'idum,  Hydrargy- 
rum Ioda'tum  fiacum,  Iod'idum  seu  Jodure'tum 
hudrargyro  'nun,  Hydrar  'gyrum  iodidula  'turn, 
Protoiodure'tum  mercu'rii,  fodide  or  Proti'odide 
of  Mercury,  (F.)  Protiodure  de  Mercure,  (Hy- 
drarg. Jj,  Iodin.  $v,  Alcohol  q.  s.  Rub  the  mer- 
cury and  iodine  together,  adding  sufficient  alco- 
hol to  form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the  tritura- 
tion till  the  globules  disappear.  Dry  the  iodide 
in  the  dark,  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  keep  it  in  a 
well-stopped  bottle,  the  light  excluded. — Ph.  U. 
8.)    For  properties  and  doses,  see  Iodine. 

Hydrarg  tri,  Iodidum  Chlobxdi,  Mercury, 
iodide  of  chloride  of. 

Hydrargyri  Iodidum  Rubrum,  H.  Biniod1- 
idum  sea  Beuto-iod'idum  sea  Deuto-iodure'tum 
sen  Period' idum,  Hydrarg' y rum  ioda'tum  rubrum 
sea  Biioda'tum  sea  Perioda'tum,  lode' turn,  sea 
Iod'idum  Hydrargyr'icum,  Deuto-iodure'tum  mer- 
cu'rii ,  Red  Fodide,  Bini'odide,  Deuti'odide  and 
Peri'odide  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Deutibdure  ou  Peri- 
odure  de  Mercure.  (Hydrarg.  eorroe.  chlorid.  5j, 
Potaeeii  Iodid.  £x,  Aqua  deetillaU  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  chloride  in  a  pint  and  a  half,  and  the  iodide 
of  potassium  in  half  a  pint  of  distilled  water,  and 
mix  the  solutions.  Collect  the  precipitate  on  a 
filter,  and,  having  washed  it  with  distilled  water, 
dry  it  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  keep  it  in  a 
well-stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  For  properties 
and  doses,  see  Iodine. 

Hydrargyri  Murias  babi  Oxtdi  ihpbrtbcti, 
H.  oxymurias — h.  Murias  oorrosivum,  H.  oxymu- 
rias — h.  Murias  dulois  sublimates,  H.  submurias 
— h.  Oxygenatus,  H.  Oxymurias — h.  Murias  spi- 
ritnosos  liquidos,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis 
— h.  Murias  suboxygenatus  praecipitatione  para- 
tns,  Hydrargyrum  preoipitatum. 

Hydrargyri  Nitbas,  Nitrae  Hydrar* gyri  in 
cryetaUoe  eoncre'tue,  Nitrate  of  Mercury.  It  is 
employed  in  syphilis;  and,  externally,  in  fun- 
gous, obstinate  ulcers. 

It  is  used  in  the  formation  of  the  Soluble  Mer- 
cury of  Hahnemann. 

An  acid  nitrate  of  mercury,  Liquor  Hydrar1  - 
gyri  eupemitra'tie,  Solution  of  eupemitrate  of 
mercury,  Solution  of  eupemitrate  ofdeutoxide  of 
mercury,  made  by  dissolving  four  parts  of  mercury 
in  eight  of  nitric  acid,  and  evaporating  the  solu- 
tion to  nine  parts,  has  been  used  as  a  caustic  in 
malignant  ulcerations  and  cancerous  affections. 

Ward's  White  Drope,—*  onee  celebrated  anti- 
scorbutic nostrum, — were  prepared  by  dissolving 
Mercury  in  nitric  acid,  and  adding  a  solution  of 
carbonate  of  ammonia;  or,  frequently,  they  con- 
sisted of  a  solution  of  eublimate  with  carbonate  of 
ammonia. 

Hydbabgym  NVtbico-oxydum,  Hydrargyrue 
nitra'tue  ruber,  Mercu'riue  corroei'vue  ruber,  Mer- 
ouriue  prmcipita'tue  corroei'vue,  M.  praoipita'tue 
ruber,  Arca'num  coraUi'num,  Mercuriue  coraUi'- 
nut,  Pul'vie  prin'eipie,  Prmcipita'tue  ruber,  Oxf- 
ydum  hydrargyri  compWtum,  0.  hydrargyr'icum, 
Panaee'a  mercu'rii  rubra,  Pulvie  Joan'nit  de 
Vigo,  Oxo'dee  hydrargyri  rubrum,  Hyperoxo'dee 
hydrargyri,  Ox'ydumhydrar'gyri  nitfricum,  Oxy- 
dum hydrargyri  rubrum  per  ac"idumnit'ricumrHy- 
drar'gyri  oxydum  rubrum,  (Ph.  U.  S.J  Nitrie  ox- 
ide of  mercury,  Red  precip'itate,  (F.)  Oxide  ni- 
trique  de  mercure.  (Hydrarg.  gxxxvj ;  Acid,  ni- 
tric fjxvuj ;  Aqua  Oij.  Dissolve  the  mercury 
with  a  gentle  heat,  in  the  acid  and  water  pre- 
viously mixed,  and  evaporate, to  dryness.  Rub 
Into  powder,  and  heat  in  a  very  shallow  vessel 
till  red  vapours  oeape  to  rise.— Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
a  stimulant  and  escharotic,  and  used  as  such  in  I 


foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the  part  in  fine 
powder,  or  united  with  lard  into  an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxodes  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
nitrioo-oxydum — h.  Oxydi  murias  ammoniaealie, 
Hydrargyrum  prsecipitatum —  h.  Oxydulum  ni- 
grum, H.  Oxydum  cinereum. 

Hydrargtri  Oxydum  Cuts'skum,  Oxydum 
hydrargyri  nigrum,  uEthiope  per  ee,  Mercu'riue 
niger  Moeea'ti,  Oxydum  hydrargyro'eum,  Oxydum 
hydrargyr'icum  pracipita'tum,  Oxyd'ulum  hy- 
drar* gyri  nigrum,'  Pulvie  mereuria'lie  cine'reue, 
Mercuriue  cine'reue,  Turpe'thum  nigrum,  Mercu- 
riue prmcipita'tue  niger,  Gray  or  Black  oxide  of 
Mercury,  (F.)  Oxide  de  mercure  eendri,  Oxide 
grie  ou  noir  de  mercure,  Protoxide  de  mercure* 
This  oxide  is  made  in  various  ways.  It  may  be 
formed  by  boiling  submuriate  of  mercury  in  lime 
water.  The  dose  of  this  Pulvie  Hydrargyri  cine- 
reue  is  from  two  to  ten  grains.  There  are  four 
other  preparations  of  it  in  estimation,  vii:  — 
Punch's  solution,  made  by  rubbing  mercury  with 
mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing  equal  parts  of  sugar 
and  mercury  together.  8.  A  compound  of  honey 
or  liquorice  and  purified  mercury.  4.  The  blue 
pill  and  ointment.  All  these  possess  the  usual 
properties  of  mercury. 

The  Hydrargvri  Oxidum  Nigrum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  is  made  as  follows :  —  Hydrarg.  Chlorid.  miu, 
Potaeea,  aft  £iv,  Aqyat  Oj.  Dissolve  the  potass* 
in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  subside,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  solution.  To  this  add  the  chloride, 
and  stir  constantly  till  the  black  oxide  is  formed. 
Pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  black 
oxide  with  distilled  water,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat 

The  Mercuriue  eolu'bilie  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  mercury.  It  is  the 
Mercuriue  eolu'bilie  Hahneman'ni  seu  oxydum  hy- 
drargyri nigri  median' t«  ammo'nid  ex  protoni- 
tra'ti  hydrar* gyri  practpita'tum.  It  is  used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cine- 
reum.   • 

Hydrabgybi  Oxydum  Nigrum,  H.  oxydum 
cinereum — h.  Oxydum  nigrum  mediante  ammo- 
nia et  protonitrate  hydrargyri  prsBcipitatum,  sea 
H.  oxydum  cinereum — h.  Oxydum  nitrieum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrioo-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxtdux  Rubbum,  H.  Binox*y- 
dum,  Mercuriue  calcina'tue,  Hydrar1  gyrus  ealei- 
natue,  (F.)  Oxide  de  Mercure  rouge,  Red  oxide 
of  mer'cury.  (Made  by  precipitation  from  a  so- 
lution of  bichloride  of  mercury  by  solution  of 
potassa.)    See  Hydrargyri  nitrioo-oxydum. 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotic  ,*  and,  in  large 
doses,  emetic.  Owing  to  the  violence  of  its  ope- 
ration, it  is  seldom  given  internally. 

Hydbabgyri  Oxydum  Rubbum  peb  Acibux 
Nitricum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxy- 
dum sacoharatom,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum  — 
h.  Oxydum  sulphurioum,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatua, 

Hydrargyri  Oxymu'biab,  H.  Chlo'ridum  Q»- 
rooi'vum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  H.  BichWridum,  Hydrar*- 
gyrue  muria'tue,  Mu'riae  hydrargyri  corroei'vue, 
Muriae  hydrargyri  oxygena'tue,  Sublima'tue  cor- 
roeivue,  Mercuriue  corroeivue,  Mercuriue  corroei^ 
vue  eublima'tue,  Hydrargyri  permu'riae,  Super* 
mu'riae  hydrargyri,  Murxae  hydrargyri  ban  ox* 
ydi  imperfec'ti,  Muriae  hydrargyri  corroeivum, 
(F.)  DeutocMorure  de  mercure,  Bichloride  de  mer- 
cure, Muriate  oxyginS  de  mercure,  Sublimi  com* 
eif;  Bichlo'ride  of  mercury,  Oxy muriate  of  mer- 
cury, Corrosive  eublimate,  Oorroeive  muriate  of 
mercury.  (Hydrarg.  Ibij,  Acid.  Sulphur,  lbtij, 
Sodii  Chlorid.  lbiss.  Boil  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  chlorido 
of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mortar ;'  then  sub- 
lime with  a  gradually  increasing  heat — Ph.  V.  B.) 


HYDRARGYRI 


449 


HYDRARGYRUM 


It  if  used  B9  an  antisyphilitio  stimulant  in  vene- 
real complaints,  old  cutaneous  affections,  Ac. 
Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is  a  good  gargle  in  venereal 
sore-throats,  or  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  applied  in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to 
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old  ulcers.  Dose, 
cr.  1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill,  once  in  twenty-four 
hours.  White  of  egg  is  the  best  antidote  to  it, 
when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

Hydrargyri  Periodidum,  H.  Iodidum  rubrum 
— h.  Permurios,  Hydrargyri  ozymurias — h.  Pro- 
to-iodidum,  H.  Iodidum — h.  Proto-ioduretum,  H. 
Iodidum— h.  Proto-tartras,  H.  tartras — h.  Prus- 
sia*, H.  oyanuretum — h.  Saccharum  vermifugum, 
Hydrargyrum  saocharatum  —  h.  Subchloridum, 
H.  Submurias — h.  Subiodidum,  H.  Iodidum. 

Hydrargyri  Submu'rias,  H.  Chlor'idum,  H. 
Subchlor'idnm,  H.  Chlor'idum  mite  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Calon'ela*,  Calom'eli,  Hydrargyrum  muriaficum 
miti,  C.  Torqueti,  Draco  mitiga'tne,  Submu'rias 
hydrargyri  mitis,  Submu'riae  Hydrargyri  subli- 
ma'tum,  3fercu'riue  dulcis,  M.  dulcis  ettblima'tus; 
—  when  precipitated,  M.  dulcis  precipita'tus,  — 
Panace'aMercuria'lis  (when  nine  times  sublimed), 
Murias  hydrargyri  dulcis  sublima'tus,  Mereurius 
eublimatue  dulcit,  Mercu'rius  Zo'ticus  Hartmanni, 
Aq'uila,  Manna  Metallo'rum,  Panchymago'gum 
mincra'li,  P.  Quereeta'nue,  mild  Chloride,  proto- 
chloride,  submuriate,  subchloride,  or  mild  Muriate 
of  Mercury,  Oal'omel,  (F.)  Mercure  doux,  Proto- 
chlorure  de  mercure.  Mild  chloride  of  mercury 
is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States: — Mercury,  Ibiv;  Sul- 
phuric Acid,  Ibiyj  Chloride  of  Sodium,  Ibiss; 
jOistilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Boil  two 
pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the  sulphuric  acid, 
until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is  left  dry.  Rub 
this,  when  cold,  with  the  remainder  of  the  mer- 
cury, in  an  earthenware  mortar,  until  they  are 
thoroughly  mixed.  Then  add  the  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  rub  it  with  the  other  ingredients  till 
all  the  globules  disappear:  afterwards  sublime. 
Reduce  the  sublimed  matter  to  a  very  line  pow- 
der, and  wash  it  frequently  with  boiling  distilled 
water,  till  the  washings  afford  no  precipitate  upon 
the  addition  of  liquid  ammonia;  then  dry  it. 
Properties  Antisyphilitio  and  sialagogue:  in 
large  doses,  purgative.  Dose : — one  or  two  grains 
given  at  night  gradually  excite  ptyalism.  Gr.  v 
to  xx,  purge.  Children  bear  larger  doses  than 
adults. 

The  Black  Wabh,  Lo'tio  Hydrargyri  nigra, 
is  formed  of  calomel,  £ij ;  Lime-water,  Oj.  Used 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  SuBvuniAg  Ammoniatum,  Hy- 
drargyrum prseoipitatum — h.  Subsulphas  flavus, 
Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Subsulphas  peroxi- 
dati,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Sulphas,  Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus,  H.  S.  flavus,  Hydrargyrus 
vitriolatus. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphurb'tum  Nigrum,  H.  euU 
phure'tum  cum  suVphuri,  Hydrargyria  vol  mer- 
eurius cum  sul'phur9,  JSthiope  minera'lis,  Hy* 
drargyrue  e  eul'phure",  Pulris  hypnot'icHS,  JSthiope 
narcoficus,  (P.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  noir,  Black 
eulphuret  of  mercury,  Sulphuret  of  mercury  with 
eufphur,  Bthiope  mtneral.  (Hydrarg.,  Sulphur, 
aa  Jbj.  Rub  together  till  the  globules  disappear.) 
Used  chiefly  in  scrofulous  and  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ss. 

Hydraroyri  Sulphurb'tum  Rubrum,  H.  Bi- 
enlphuretum,  Hydrargyrue  eulphurartue  rubery 
Min'ium  purum,  Minium  Qraico'rum,  Magnee  Epo- 
lep'tim,  Ammion,  Purpurie'sum,  Cinnab'arie,  Mer- 
eurius Cinnabari'nus,  Cinab'arie,  Ginaba'rium, 
Bieulphuret  or  Bed  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Oin'- 
nabar,  Vermil'ion,  (P.)  Sulphure  de  Mercure  rouge, 
(Xnahre.  (Hydrarg.  Jxl ;  Sulphur.  Jvi^j.  MU 
29 


the  mercury  with  the  sulphur  melted  over  the 
fire;  and  as  soon  as  the  mass  begins  to  swell  re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire,  and  cover  it  with 
considerable  force  to  prevent  combustion.  Rub 
the  mass  into  powder  and  sublime.    (Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  an  antisyphilitio,  but  is  chiefly  used  in 
fumigation  against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth,  and  throat; — gss  being  thrown  on  a  red- 
hot  iron.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a  nos- 
trum, called  Boerhaaee't  Bed  PiU. 

Hydrargyri  Supbrmurias,  H.  oxymurias. 

Hydrargyri  Tartras,  H.  Proto-tartrae,  Tar- 
trate of  mercury.  Antisyphilitio.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyri  bt  Arbbhici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Hydrab'gyri  bt  Qut'nls  Proto-cblo'ridum, 
Protochloride  of  Mercury  and  Quinia.  A  com- 
bination of  mild  chloride  of  mercury  and  quinia, 
administered  in  obstinate  cutaneous  diseases. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRI'ASIS,  Hydrargyro'eie,  Mer- 
curialie' mus,  from  'vSpapyvpos,  'mercury.'  A 
disease  induced  by  the  use  of  mercury;  Morbue 
Mercuria'lie.  Poisoning  by  mercury.  Eczema 
mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRICUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYRIUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROSIS,  Eczema  mercuriale,  Hy- 
drargyriaais. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial,  and  Stomatitis,  mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyra- 
natripsis. 

HYDRAR'GYRTJM,  Hydrar'gyrue,  from  'vSup, 
'  water,'  and  apyvpos,  '  silver ;'  Mercu'rius,  Argen- 
tum  vivum,  A.  mo'bili,  A.  fueum,  A.  fugiti'vmn, 
A.  liq'uidum,  Mieeadan,  Fumue  albus,  Area  arca- 
no'rum,  Da'dalus,  Mater  metallo'rum,  Mercury, 
Quicksilver,  (F.)  Mercure,  M.  cru,  Vif  Argent. 
A  fluid,  brilliant  metal ;  of  a  slightly  bluish  white 
colour;  fluid  above — 39°  of  Fahr.  and  under  656°. 
S.  g.,  when  liquid,  13.568  (Cavendish);  easily 
oxydized.  Metallic  quioksilvcr  does  not  act  on 
the  body,  even  when  taken  into  the  stomach. 
When  oxydized  and  combined  with  acids,  it  acts 
powerfully.  It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of 
constriction  of  the  bowels  and  in  intussusception, 
from  a  notion  that  it  must  certainly  pass  through 
the  bowels  by  its  gravity.  The  water,  in  which 
mercury  has  been  boiled,  has  been  reoommendod 
as  a  vermifuge ;  but  it  probably  enjoys  no  such 
property,  as  chemical  tests  do  not  exhibit  the 
presence  of  the  metal.  When  the  crude  metal  is 
distilled  in  an  iron  retort,  it  forms  the  Hydrar- 
gyrum puriflca'tum. 

Hydrargyrum  Ammoniato-Muriaticum,  H. 
prsBcipitatum — h.  Biiodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum 
rubrum — h.  Biiodatum  cum  kalio  iodato,  Potassii 
hydrargyro-iodidum — h.  Cyanogenatum,  Hydrar- 
gyri cyanuretum. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  €ret!  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hy» 
drargyrue  cum  cretd,  Mercurivs  alkaliea'tus,  Mer- 
cury with  chalk,  (F.)  Mercure  avec  la  craie,  JE'thi- 
ope  alcalisa'tut.  (Hydrarg.  Ji^j ;  Creta  prapa- 
rat.  J  v.  Rub  them  together  till  the  globules 
disappear.  Ph.  U.  6.)  A  protoxide  of  mercury, 
formed  by  trituration  with  carbonate  of  limo.  It 
is  somewhat  uncertain:  and  consequently  not 
much  employed  as  %  Aiercnrial.  It  possesses  the 
properties  of  the  black  oxide  of  mercury,  and 
may  be  advantageously  exhibited  in  cases  of 
diarrhoea  in  children,  dependent  upon  acidity 
and  vitiated  secretions.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  gas,  twice 
a  day,  in  any  viscid  substance. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  Magnb'sia  of  the  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia?  resembles  it  in  properties. 


HYDRARGYRIA 


450 


HYDRENTEROMPHALOCELE 


Htdraroyrcm  Hydrocyakicu*,  Hydrargyri 
eyanuretum — h.  Iodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum — 
h.  Iodatum  cum  chlorido  Mercurii,  Mercury,  io- 
dide of  chloride  of — h.  Iodatum  flavum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — h.  Iodatum  rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum  —  b.  Iodidulatum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  —  b.  Muriaticum  Mite,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias — b.  Periodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  ru- 
brum. 

Hydrargyrum  Praccipita'tum,  H.  ammonia' - 
turn  (Pb.  U.  8.),  Hydrargyrum  ammonia1 'to-muri- 
at'icum,  Hydrar'gyri  ammo'nio-chlo'ridum,  Mer- 
curius cosmet'icus,  Mu'rias  oxidi  hydrargyri  am- 
moniaca'lis,  Submu'rias  ammoni'aco-hydrargyr'- 
icus,  Calx  Hydrargyri  alba,  Submu'rias  Hudrar- 
gyri  ammoniatum,  S.  H.  Praci pita' turn,  Murias 
hydrargyri  sub-oxygena'tus  pracipitatio'ni  para'- 
tus,  Praci  pita' turn  album,  Ammu'nio-chloride  of 
Mercury,  White  precip'itate  of  Mercury,  White 
precipitate,  Calcina'tum  majusPote'rii,  (F.)  Sous- 
muriate  de  mercure  prtcipiti  ou  PricipiU  blanc. 
(Hydra rg.  chlorid.  corros.  ^vj ;  aqua  destillat. 
oong.,  Liquor  ammonia,  f^Viij.  Dissolve  the 
chloride  in  the  water,  with  the  aid  of  bent,  and 
to  the  solution,  when  cold,  add  the  solution  of 
ammonia,  frequently  stirring.  Wash  the  preci- 
pitate till  it  is  tasteless,  and  dry  it— Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  peroxide,  combined  with  muriatic  acid  and 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple  salt.  It  is  used  in 
powder,  to  destroy  vermin;  and,  united  with 
lard,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well  as  in  scabies 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Hydrargyrum  Sacchara'tum,  jE'thiops  sac- 
ekara'tus,  Mercu'rius  sacchara'tus,  Ox'idum  hy- 
drargyri sacchara'tnm,  Sac'charum  hydrargyri 
vennif'ugum.  A  mild  mercurial  formula  in  seve- 
ral of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe ; 
formed  by  triturating  one  part  of  mercury  with 
two  of  white  sugar.  It  is  used  in  the  venereal 
affections  of  children. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Hydrargyrum. 

Hydrargyrus  Aceta'tus,  Sperma  mercu'rii, 
Terra  folia' ta  mercurii,  Mercuriue  aceta'tus,  Hy- 
drargyri Ace'tas,  Acetai  vel  Proto-ace'tas  Hy- 
drargyri, Ac" elate  of  mercury.  This  was  the 
basis  of  Keyeer'e  pills,  and  was  once  much  cele- 
brated in  the  cure  of  the  venereal  disease.  The 
dose  is  from  three  to  five  grains,  but  it  is  not 
much  used. 

The  formula  for  Keysets  anti-venereal  pills 
was  as  follows:  —  Hyararg.  Acet.  £iv;  Manna, 
gxxx;  AmyL  §tj ;  Muc.  0.  Trag.  q.  s.  into  pills 
of  gr.  vj  each.    Dose,  two  pills. 

Hydrargyrus  Calcinatub,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  rubrum — h.  cum  Greta,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
creta  — h.  Muriatis,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  h. 
Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyrus  Phosphora'tus,  Phosphuret'ted 
mercury.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
mended in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal  ulcers, 
but  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Hydrargyrub  Sulphuratur  Ruber,  Hydrar- 
gyri sulpburetum  rubrum  —  h.  cum  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulpburetum  nigrum — h.  e  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulpburetum  nigrum. 

Hydrargyrus  Vitriola'tub,  Turpe'thum  mi- 
nera'li,  Mercurius  emet'icus  flavus,  Calx  mercurii 
vitriola'ta,  Mercurius  caus'ticus  flavus,  M.lu' tens, 
Hydrargyri  sulphas,  H.  S.  flavus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sub- 
sulphas  Hydrargyri  flavus,  Oxydum  hydrargyri 
Bulphu'ricum,  Subsul'phas  hydrargyri  peroxida' ti, 
Turbith  min'eral,  (F.)  Sous-ndfate  de  mercure  ou 
turbith  miniraU  (Hydrarg.  Jiv;  Acid.  Sulph. 
5vj.  Mix  in  a  glass  vessel,  and  boil  in  a  sand- 
bath  till  a  dry,  white  mass  remains.  Rub  this 
into  powder,  and  throw  it  into  boiling  water. 
Four  off  the  liquor,  and  wash  the  yellow,  preci- 
pitated powder  repeatedly  with  hot  water;  then 


dry  it— Pb.  U.  S.)  Two  grains  of  this  mercurial 
act  on  the  stomach  violently.  It  is  sometimes 
recommended  as  an  errhine  in  amaurosis. 

HYDRARTHRON,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRARTHROS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRAR'THRUS,  Hydarthrus,  Hydrar>thnu 
synovia' lit,  Hydrops  articulo'rum,  Hydrarthron, 
Hydrar1  throe,  Melice'ria,  Spina  vento'sa  of  RhaxM 
and  Avicenna,  Arthri'tis  Hydrar'thros,  Hydar- 
throsis,  Hydrarthro'sis,  Emmyx'ium  articula'ri, 
Tumor  albus,  White  swelling  ;  from  'vJup,  'water/ 
and  af&pov,  '  a  joint.'  (F.)  Tumeur  blanche,  T. 
lymphatiquc  des  articulations.  The  French  sur- 
geons apply  the  term  Hydrarthrus  to  dropsy  of 
the  articulations.  White  swelling  is  an  extremely 
formidable  disease.  It  may  attack  any  one  of 
the  joints ;  but  is  most  commonly  met  with  in 
the  knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  the  elbow,  and 
generally  occurs  in  scrofulous  children.  It  con- 
sists, at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and  softening  of 
the  soft  parts  and  ligaments,  which  surround  the 
joints ;  at  others,  in  swelling  and  caries  of  the 
articular  extremities  of  bones;  or  both  these 
states  may  exist  at  the  same  time.  The  treat- 
ment consists  in  the  employment  of  counter-irri- 
tants ;  the  use  of  iodine  internally  and  externally, 
Ac.     Also,  Synovia. 

HYDRASTIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great  freshwater 
Tortoise.  On  the  sandy  banks  of  rivers  in  Peru 
this  auimal  buries  its  eggs,  from  which  the  Indians 
extract  oil.  Its  flesh  supplies  well-flavoured  food. 
—  Tschudi. 

HYDRASTIS,  H.  Canadensis. 

Hydras'tis  Canadensis,  Hydrastis,  Warncra 
Canadensis,  Hydrophyll'um  rerum,  Yellow  Boot, 
Orange  Boot,  Yellow  Puccoon,  Ground  Rasp'- 
berry,  Yellow  Paint,  Golden  Seal,  Jn'dian  Paint, 
Eyebalm.  It  is  used  in  Kentucky  as  a  '  mouth 
water,'  and  as  an  outward  application  in  wounds 
and  local  inflammations. 

HYDRELJB'ON,  HydroWum,  from  W-p, 
'  water,'  and  tXaiov,  '  oil.'  A  mixturo  of  water 
and  oil. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele. 

HYDREMA,  (Edema. 

HYDRENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
terims. 

HYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrocephaly 
ce'le,  from  'vdup,  'water/  cyictQaXof,  'the  ence- 
phalon,'  and  *j>A»?,  'rupture,  protrusion.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  there  is  a  fissure  of  the  cranium, 
the  integument  of  the  head  being  present,  and 
forming  a  hernial  sac  in  which  the  brain  lies  out- 
side the  skull — the  sac  containing  a  large  quan- 
tity of  serous  fluid.  Also,  Hydrocephalus  chro- 
nicus. 

HYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  '»fo>f>,  'water/ 
tvKfpaXos,  'the  brain/  and  tiios,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  hydrencephalus.  Hydrenceph'aloid 
disease,  Spu'rtous  hydrocephalus,  Pseudo-tnct- 
phali'tis.  Disorders  of  the  bowels,  and  exhaus- 
tion in  children,  are  at  times  attended  with  hy- 
drencephaloid  symptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  'v&u*,  'water/ 
tvrtssv,  '  intestine/  and  Kn\n,  '  a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  the  sac  of  which  encloses  fluid. 

HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrente- 
rom'phalus,  from  'vtop,  'water/  ivrtpov,  'intes- 
tine/ optfKiXos,  'umbilicus/  and  tcqXtj,  'rupture.9 
Umbilical  hernia  with  intestine  and  water  in  tfee 


HYDRENTEROMPHALUS 


451 


HYDROCEPHALUS 


HYDRENTEROMPHALUS,  Hydrenterom- 
phalocele. 

HYDREPIGASTRITJM,  see  Ascites. 

HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,  from  Wup,  'water/ 
crurXoov,  'omentum/  and  KrjXij,  'rupture.'  Omen- 
tal hernia,  with  water  in  the  sac. 
•  HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS,  Hydrepiplom- 
phaloce'li,  from  'w3wp,  'water/  ctwrXfiov,  'omen- 
tum,' and  optpaXos,  'umbilicus/  Umbilical  her- 
nia, with  omentum  and  water  in  the  sac. 

HYDRETRUM,  Ascites. 

HYDRIASIS,  Hydrosudotherapeia, 

HYDRIATER,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICA  ARS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIODAS  KALICUS,  see  Potassse  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIO  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydribdic. 

HYDRO 'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula,  Boa,  Planta 
noctis,  from  'v&<ap,  '  water/  An  affection,  which 
consists  in  an  accumulation  of  water  or  serous 
fluid  under  the  epidermis.  Some  hare  used  hy- 
dro'a  synonymously  with  sudamina;  others  with 
pemphigus.  In  the  first  case,  it  has  generally, 
however,  been  written  hidro'a,  from  '*fyc*r, 
'sweat,'  and  in  the  latter  hydro' a.    See  Hydatid. 

HYDROiE'MIA,  Hydremia;  from  'viwp,  'wa- 
ter/ and  'aipa,  '  blood/  Anaemia.  The  state  of 
the  blood  in  which  the  watery  constituents  are  in 
excess.  N 

HYDRO  A&ROPLEURIE,  Hydropneumo- 
thorax. 

HYDROA'RION,  Hudrooph'oron,  HydroW- 
rium,  Hydro'dva'rium,  Hy'drops  ova'rii,  Asci'tes 
ovarii,  X  sacea'tus,  (P.)  Hydropisie  de  Vovaire, 
from  'vdup,  'water/  and mapiov,  'ovarium/  Dropsy 
of  the  ovarium. 

HYDROATA,  Sudamina. 

HYDROBLEPH'ARON,  Hy'drops  Pal'pebres, 
Blephar&de'ma  aquo'sum,  (Ede'ma  palpebra- 
rum. An  oedema  or  watery  swelling  of  the  eye- 
lids; from  'v5uip,  'water/'  and  QXttyapov,  'eyelid/ 

HYDROCARDIA,  Hydropericardium,  see  Pe- 
ricardium. 

HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS,  Hydrocatar- 
rhoph'ia,  from  'v6u>p,  'water/  and  Karapoo^ttv,  'to 
sip  up/    Absorption  of  water  from  without. 

HYDROCE'LE,  Hydrops  Scroti,  H.  testiculo'- 
rnm,  Hydroscheoce'le,  Hydatoce'le,  Hydros' cheum, 
Hydror'chis,  Hydrosch6onie,  (Alibert,)  from  'uAup, 
'water/  and  fi/Aiy,  'a  tumour/  A  term  gene- 
rally applied  to  a  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum  or  in  some 
of  the  coverings,  either  of  the  testicle  or  sper- 
matic cord.  To  the  first  of  these  varieties  the 
names  —  External  Hydrocele,  H,  cedemato'des, 
(F.)  H.  par  infiltration  have  been  given;  and  to 
the  second,  those  of  Hvdroce'U  inter'na,  H,  tu'- 
nica  vagina* lis  tes'tis,  Hydrel'ytron,  (F.)  H.  par 
(panchement.  When  the  collection  occurs  in  the 
envelope  of  the  testicle,  it  is  called  H,  of  the 
tunica  vaginalis;  and  the  epithet  congenital  is 
added,  when  the  interior  of  the  membrane,  in 
which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates  freely  with 
the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.    When  it  exists  in  the 

Siermatic  cord,  it  is  called  encysted,  or  diffused 
ydrocele  of  the  spermatic  cord,  as  the  case  may 
be.  The  tumour  of  the  distended  scrotum  is  ob- 
long: greater  below  than  above;  indolent  and 
semi-transparent.  When  it  becomes  inconve- 
niently large,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated  by 
puncturing  with  a  trocar,  but,  as  it  collects 
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  considered 
palliative.  The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in 
injecting,  through  the  eanula  of  the  trocar,  which 
has  been  left  in,  after  puncturing,  some  Irritating 


liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept  in  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn* 
The  coat  inflames;  adhesion  takes  place,  and  the 
cavity  is  obliterated. 

Hydrocele  of  the  Keck.  A  tumour,  filled 
with  a  watery  fluid,  occupying  some  portion  of 
the  neck. 

Hydrocele  Peritonei,  Ascites  —  h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDROCENO'SIS,  from  'w^p,  'water/  anl 
Ktvwaig,  '  evacuation/     The  evacuation  of  water 
morbidly  accumulated  in  the  body. 
HYDROCEPHALE,  Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROC&PHALE  AIGUE,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

HYDROCEPHALIC,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 
HYDROCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus. 
H  Y  D  R  0  C  E  PHALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo- 
cele. 

HYDROCJ2PHALO&CTASIE,  Hydrocepha- 
lus chronicus. 

HYDROCEPHALUS,  Hydroceph'alum,  Hy- 
drocra'nia,  Hydrocra'nium,  Hydrocephal'ium, 
Hydroceph'ale,  Hydrops  Cap' it  is,  H.  Cer'ehriy 
from  (v6vp,  'water/  and  KnpaXn,  'the  head.* 
Water  in  the  head,  Dropsy  of  the  head,  Dropsy 
of  the  brain,  A  collection  of  water  within  the 
head.     It  may  be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus  —  h. 
Acutus  senum,  Apoplexy,  serous — h.  Adnatus,  see 
H.  chronicus — h.  Congenitus,  see  H.  chronicus— 
h.  Externus,  H.  chronicus  —  h.  Meningeus,  H. 
internus. 

Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus,  Hydrencepka- 
loce'll,  Hydrops  Cap'itis,  Hydrocephalus  exter- 
nus, (F.)  Hydrociphale,  Hvdrocephaloictasie,  of 
some,  may  exist  at  birth.  JTydrenceph'alon,  Hy- 
drocephalus congen'itus  seu  adna'tus  commonly 
commences  at  an  early  period  of  existence,  and 
the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradually  produces  dis- 
tension of  the  brain,  and  of  the  skull,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  sutures.  It  commonly  proves  fatal 
before  puberty. 

Hydrocephalus  Exteritus,  (Ede'ma  cap'itis, 
Cephalaede'ma  of  some,  is  a  mere  infiltration  into 
the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue  of  the  cranium. 

Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydrocephalus 
acu'tus,  H,  meninge'us,  Hydrops  cerebri,  Ence- 
phalal'gia  hydrojt'ica,  Encephali'tis  exsudato'ria, 
JSncephali'tis  8eu  Meningi'tis  Infan'tum,  Morbus 
cerebra'lis  Whytftii,  En'tero-cephalop'yra  Infan'- 
tum, Hydrophhgo'sis  Ventriculo'rum  cer'ebri,  En- 
cepkaloch'ysis,  Phrenic'ula  hydrocephaVica,  Hy- 
dreneeph'alus,  Hydr encephali'tis,  HydrencephaV- 
ium,  Hydrocephalics,  Hydromeningi' tie,  Febris 
HydrocephaVica,  Apoplex'ia  hydrocephaVica,  Co- 
rns hydrocephalus,  Water  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Hy- 
drociphale aigu'i,  Fievre  cirfbrale  des  Enfans,  is 
generally  seated,  according  to  modern  observers, 
in  the  meninges  and  surface  of  the  encephalon, 
and  is  a  tuber'cular  meningi'tis,  MeningVtis  tu- 
berculoma, Encephalostrumo'eis,  (F.)  Mtningite 
tuberculeuse  ou  granuleuse.  It  is  observed  par- 
ticularly in  childhood.  Its  march  is  extremely 
acute  and  often  very  rapid;  admitting,  generally, 
however,  of  division  into  three  stages.  The  symp- 
toms of  the  first  stage  are  those  of  general  febrile 
irritation,  with  head-ach,  intolerance  of  light  and 
sound,  delirium,  Ac.  Those  of  the  second,  which 
generally  denote  that  the  inflammation  has  ended 
in  effusion,  are,  great  slowness  of  pulse,  crying  out 
as  if  in  distress,  moaning,  dilated  pupil,  squint- 
ing, Ac;  and  lastly,  in  the  third  stage  —  pro- 
found stupor,  paralysis,  convulsions,  involuntary 
evacuations,  quick  pulse,  and  frequently  death. 
The  disease  is  of  uncertain  duration;  sometimes, 


HYDROCHAMAIMELTTM 


452 


HYDROGEN 


destroying  in  two  or  throe  days ;  at  others,  ex- 
tending to  two  or  three  weeks.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  The  treatment  must  be  active 
during  the  stage  of  excitement,  —  precisely  that 
which  is  necessary  in  phrenitis.  In  the  second 
stage,  the  indication  is ; — to  promote  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  effused  fluid.  This  must  be  done  by 
counter-irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.  On  dis- 
section, water  is  generally  found  in  the  ventricles, 
or  at  the  base  of  the  brain;  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
ooagulable  lymph,  <fco. 

Hydrocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrenoephaloid, 
(disease.) 

HYDROCHAMAIMELTTM,  Infusum  anthemi- 
dis. 

HYDROCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea  serosa. 

HYDROCHLORATE  D'OR,  see  Gold. 

HYDRO  CHLORINAS  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

HYDROCHOLECYSTIS,  Turgesoentia  vesi- 
cuIsb  fellesd 

HYDROCH'YSES,  (G.)  Hydroohy sen,  from 
*vciep,  '  water/  and  %vo-(?,  '  effusion.'  A  family  of 
diseases,  according  to  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  there  is  a  sudden  effusion  of  serous  fluid, 
as  in  serous  apoplexy j  hydrocephalus,  Ac 

HYDROCIRSOCE'LE,  Hygrocireoce'U,  Hy- 
groce'll,  from  *vdwp,  '  water,'  Kipeot,  '  varix/  and 
Kt/Xrif  '  tumour/  A  tumour,  formed  by  the  vari- 
cose distention  of  the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord, 
and  by  the  accumulation  of  serous  fluid  in  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum. 

HYDROCCBLIA,  Ascites. 

HYDROCOT'YLE  CENTEL'LA.  A, South 
African  plant,  the  roots  and  stalks  of  which  are 
astringent;  and  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

Hydrocotyle  Uhbellatuk,  Acaricoba. 

HYDROCRANIA,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCRANIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCRITHE,  Decootum  Hordei. 

HYDROCYAN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Hydrocy- 
an'ieum;  from  'vS<ap,  'water/  and  xvavos,  'blue.' 
Prueeic  Acid,  Ae"idum  Prue'eicum,  A.  Borue'- 
eicum,  A.  ZoWicum,  A.  Zotitin'icum,  Cyanohy'- 
drie  Acid,  Oyanhy'drio  Acid,  (F.)  Acide  Hydro- 
cyanique  ou  Prueeique.  This  acid  exists  in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  and  imparts  to  them  certain  pro- 
perties, which  have  been  long  known  and  es- 
teemed; as  in  the  bitter  almond,  Cherry  laurel, 
leaves  of  the  Peach  tree,  kernel*  of  fruit,  pipe  of 
apples,  Ac  When  concentrated,  it  is  liquid,  co- 
lourless, of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first  c^pl, 
afterwards  burning.  Its  s.  g.  at  7°  centigrade,  is 
0.7058.  It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters  into  ebul- 
lition at  80°  Fahr.  It  speedily  undergoes  de- 
composition, sometimes  in  less  than  an  hour,  and' 
consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and  highly  inflam- 
mable compound  of  carbon  and  azote,  to  which 
the  name  Vyan'ogen  has  been  assij 


_ned ;  and  of 
hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the  acidifying  principle: 
hence  its  name  Hydrocyanic  acid.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  (1851,)  two  for- 
mulae for  the  preparation  of  the  Ac"idum  hydro- 
cyan' i  cum  dilu'tum — Ac"idum  hydrocy an'ieum, 
Ph.  U.  S.  of  1842  —  are  given;  the  one  from  the 
Ferro-cyanuret  of  Potaeeium;  the  other  from  the 
Oyanuret  of  Silver.  According  to  Magendie,  the 
acid,  prepared  after  Scheele's  method  —  the  one 
in  common  use-— is  of  irregular  medicinal  power: 
he,  therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussac's  acid, 
diluted  with  6  times  its  volume,  or  8.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  purposes, 
and  this  he  calls  Medic" inal  Prueeic  Acid.  Dr. 
Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity  should 
Indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  medicinal  exhi- 
bition; and,  after  comparative  experiments  of  the 


gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained  by  different  pro- 
cesses, he  states,  that  the  acid,  usually  prescribed, 
is  of  s.  g.  0.906  or  0.997.  jGhreat  caution  is,  how- 
ever,  neoessary.  One  drop  of  pure  prussio  acid 
may  instantly  destroy,  and  the  animal  show 
hardly  any  traces  of  irritability,  a  few  momenta 
after  death.  It  has  been  advised  in  laryngeal 
phthisis,  in  pulmonary  phthisis,  pulmonary  in- 
flammation and  irritation,  dyspepsia,  uterine  affec- 
tions, hectic  cough,  cancer,  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  mania,  and  as  a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous 
affections;  but,  although  possessed  of  powerful 
sedative  properties,  it  is  so  unmanageable  and 
the  preparation  so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much 
used.  The  Doee  of  Scheele's  Acid,  or  of  the  Me- 
dicinal Prueeic  Acid,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  drop 
to  two  drops. 

HYDROCYS'TIS,  from  Stop,  'water/  and 
KvoriSf  '  a- bladder.'  A  cyst  containing  a  watery 
or  serous  fluid.     An  hydatid.     Also,  saccated 

HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca. 

HYDRODES,  Aqueous. 

HYDRODIARRHCEA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 

HYDRCEDEMA,  (Edema. 

HYDRO-ENClSPHALORRH&B,  Apoplexy, 
serous. 

HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Hydro- 
epiplo-enteroce'le  ;  from  (vi(»p,  'water/  tmeem, 
'intestine/  and  cmirXoov,  'omentum.'  Entero- 
epiplocele,  the  sac  of  which  contains  a  serous 
fluid. 

HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUM, 
from  'vSup,  'water/  svrtpov,  'an  intestine/  m- 
tXoov,  '  the  caul/  and  oufaXos, '  the  navel.'  Um- 
bilical hernia,  the  sao  of  which  contains  intestine, 
epiploon,  and  serum. 

HYDRO-ENTEROM'PHALUM,  Hydrente- 
rom'phalum;  from  'w£«p,  'water/  tmpo*,  'an  in- 
testine/ and  oftfaXos,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia 
umbilicalis,  the  sao  of  whioh  contains  intestine 
and  serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'Lfi,  from  S&**  'water/ 
mirXooy,  'omentum/  and  x^X?,  'a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  omentum,  the  sao  of  which  con- 
tains serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE,  Hydro. 
entero-epiplocele. 

HYDRO  -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from  *vi^, 
'water/  tmvXoov,  'the  omentum/  and  ep^Xt, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  the  sao  of 
whioh  contains  epiploon  and  serum. 

HYDROG'ALA,  from  *voop,  'water/  and  ycXm, 
'milk.'    A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 

HYDROGASTER,  Ascites. 

HY'DROGEN,  Hydrogen'ium,  InJlam'mabU 
air,  Phlogiston,  Prxncip'ium  hydrogeneficvm,  /*. 
hydrot'icum,  Mephi'tie  infiammab'ilie,  (F.)  J7y- 
drogene,  from  'v&vp,  '  water/  and  yewat*,  '  I  pro- 
duce.' This  gas,  when  breathed,  proves  fatal 
from  containing  no  oxygen.  When  diluted  with 
two-thirds  of  atmospheric  air,  it  occasions  some 
diminution  of  muscular  power  and  sensibility, 
and  a  reduction  of  the  force  of  the  circulation. 
It  has  been  respired  in  catarrh,  hssmoptysia,  and 
phthisis. 

Hydrogen,  Carburetted,  Inflammable  air, 
Fire  damp,  of  miners  —  obtained  by  passing  the 
vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at  the  tempera- 
ture of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube-— has  been  found 
possessed  of  similar  properties,  when  diluted,  and 
has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

Hydrogen,  Protoxide  of,  Water. 

Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted,  Hydroeulph'urui 
acid,  Hydrothion'ie  acid,  Hydrothi'on,  Qem  4e- 
paficum,  Gat  hydrogen' turn  eulpkura'tum,  Me- 
phi'tie hepat'ica,  (F.)  Acide  hydroeutfurique,  may 
be  disengaged  from  any  of  the  sulphurate  by  the 


HYDROGENATION 


453 


HYDROPHOBIA 


addition  of  a  strong  acid.  It  is  a  violent  poison, 
bat  has  been  recommended  to  be  inhaled,  diluted, 
to  allay  the  increased  irritability  which  occasion- 
ally exists  after  diseases  of  the  longs.  See  Hy- 
dro-sulphuretted Water. 
.    HYDROGENATION,  see  Hydroglnlt*. 

HYDROG&NE,  Hydrogen. 

HYDROQ&NltSES.  Banmes  gives  this  name 
to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers  to  de- 
pend upon  disturbed  hydrogenation.  In  it  he  in- 
cludes intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGENO-SULPHURETUM  AMMO- 
NIACiE  LIQUIDUM,  Ammonia  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROGRAPHY,  see  Hydrology. 
~HYDROHJtMIE,  Anemia. 

HYDROHYMENI'TIS,  Orrhohymeni'tis,  from 
S&*p,  '  water,'  V*v,  '  a  membrane/  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  serous 
membrane. 

HYDROL^UM,  Hydrelseon. 

HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

HYDROLATA,  AqusB  destillatse. 

HYDROLATS,  AqntB  destillatse. 

HYDRO L&S,  see  Hydrolica. 

HYDROL'ICA,  (F.)  Hydroliques,  from  <*&»*, 
'water.'  Watery  solutions  of  the  active  princi- 
ples of  medicinal  agents.  Those  prepared  by  so- 
lution or  admixture  are  termed,  by  the  French, 
Hy droll* ;  those  by  distillation,  Hydrolats. 

HYDROLIQUES,  Hydrolica. 

HYDROL'OGY,  Hydrolog"ia,  from  'vfop,  'wa- 
ter/ and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  water. 
By  the  term  Medical  Hydrology  is  meant  that 
part  of  physics,  whose  object  is  the  study  of  wa- 
ter, considered  as  it  respects  medicine ;  and,  con- 
sequently, embracing  that  of  mineral  waters. 
Medical  Hydrog'raphy  comprises  the  study  of  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  sea  or  by  navigation  on 
the  health  of  man. 

HYDRO  LOTIF,  Lotion. 

HYDROMA'NIA,  from  'vfop,  'water/  and 
fiavia,  'mania.'  A  name  given  by  Strambi  to 
pellagra,  in  which  the  patient  has  a  strong  pro- 
pensity to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM,  Hydrops  media- 
sti'ni.  Effusion  of  serous  fluid  into  the  mediasti- 
num. 

HY'DROMEL,  Hydrom'eli,  from  'vfop,  'water/ 
-  and  ficXi,  '  honey.'  Aqua  mulsa,  Meliti'tis,  MuU 
turn,  Melic'ratum,  Mellic'ratum,  Braggart,  Medo. 
A  liquid  medicine,  prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  honey  and  a  pint  of  tepid  water.  It  is 
nsed  as  a  demulcent  and  laxative,  and  is  gene- 
rally known  under  the  names  Simple  hy'dromel, 
Vinous  hy'dromel,  Mead,  Hydrom'eli  vino' sum.  It 
is  a  drink  made  by  fermenting  honey  and  water, 
and  is  much  used  in  some  countries. 

HYDROMENINGITIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROMETER,  Areometer. 

HYDROME'TRA,  Hydrome'tria,  Hy  iter1  ties, 
Hystercede'ma,  Hydrops  u'teri,  from  'vSup,  'water/ 
and  firjrpa,  *  the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the  womb.  A 
disease  characterized  by  circumscribed  protuber- 
ance in  the  hypogastrium, — with  obscure  fluctu- 
ation, progressively  enlarging,  without  ischury  or 
pregnancy.  If  it  ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare 
disease. 

HYDROM'PHALUM,  Hydrops  umbilica'lis, 
JSxom'phalus  aquo'svs,  Her'nia  umbili'ei  aquo'sa, 
from  'vSntp,  'water/  and  oft<pa\o(,  'the  navel.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  serum  in 
the  sac  of  umbilical  hernia ;  or  simply  by  disten- 
sion of  the  navel  in  cases  of  ascites. 

HYDROMYRIN'GA,  Hydromyrinx,  Hydrops 
tym'pani,  from  'txSwp,  'water/  and  myriuga  or 
myrinxt '  the  membrana  tympani.'   Dropsy  of  the 


dram  of  the  ear ;  giving  rise  to  difficulty  of  hear* 
ing, — Dysecce'a  hy drop' tea. 

HYDROMYRINX,  Hydromyringa, 

HYDRONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDRONEPHROSIS,  (F.)  Hydronfphrose, 
Hydrorinale  distension,  from  'vivp,  '  water/  and 
vtfoof, '  kidney.'  An  accumulation  in  the  kidney, 
owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of  the  pa- 
pillae.— Rayer. 

HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRONUSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROOPHORON,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOVARIUM,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROPATHIC,  Hydropath'icue,  Hydriat'- 
ricus,  from  'v£wp,  'water,'  and  vale;,  'disease.' 
Relating  to  hydropathy  or  the  water-cure, — as  a 
hydropathic  physician,  Hydriater,  Hydri&tru*. 

HYDROPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROPEDE'SIS,  from  fv6»o,  'water/  and 
nj&au,  'I  break  out'  Ephidro'sis.  Excessive 
sweating. 

HYDROPEGE,  Water,  spring. 

HYDROPELTIS  PURPUREA,  Brasenia  hy- 
dropeltis. 

HYDROPERICARDIA,  Hydropericardium. 

HYDROPERICARDITIS,  Hydropericardium. 

HYDROPERICAR'DIUM,  Hydropericar'dia, 
Hydroperieardi'tis,  from  'vivo,  '  water/  and  peri* 
cardium;  Hydrops  Pericardii,  Hydrocar' dxa, 
Dropsy  of  the  pericardium,  (F.)  Hydropuie  du 
Ptricarde.  This  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations; irregular  or  intermitting  pulse;  exces- 
sive dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to  orthopnoea, 
and  dulness  over  a  large  space  on  percussion,  will 
cause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected.  The  treat- 
ment is  that  of  dropsies  in  general.  It  is,  usu- 
ally, however,  of  the  active  kind. 

HYDROPJSRIONE,  from  'vdup,  'water/  *t»i, 
'  around/  and  «ov, '  an  egg,  or  ovum.'  The  sero- 
albuminous  substance,  secreted  by  the  lining  of 
the  uterus  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated 
ovum  in  that  cavity. — BrescheL 

HYDROPERITONEUM,  Ascites. 

HYDROP&RITONIE,  Ascites. 

HYDROPHAL'LUS,  from  'etap,  'water/  and 
QaMos,  '  the  male  organ.'  (Edema  of  the  male 
organ. 

HYDROPHIMOSIS,  Phimosis  oedematodes. 

HYDROPHLEGMASIA  TEXTtfS  CELLU- 
LARIS,  Phlegmasia  alba. 

HYDROPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULORUM 
CEREBRI,  Hydrocephalus  internes. 

HYDROPHOB'IA,  Paraphob'ia,  Parophob'ia, 
Phobodip'son,  Pheu'gydron,  Pheugophob'ia,  Cy- 
nolvs'sa,  Oynolys'sum,  Morbus  hydrophob'icus  seu 
hyaroph'obus,  Lycan'che",  Lycan'chxs,  Airophobia, 
Phreni'tis  latrans,  Lytta,  Lyssa,  Lyssa  cani'na, 
Pantophobia,  Rabies  cani'na,  Erethis'mus  hydro- 
phobia, Clonos  hydrophobia,  Hygrophobia,  Aqua 
metus,  Ganine  madness,  (F.)  Rage;  from  'voup, 
'water/  and  <po0os,  'dread.' 

The  term  Rabies  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
aggregate  of  symptoms  resulting  from  the  bite 
of  rabid  animals.  Hydrophobia  literally  signifies 
a  '  dread  of  water ;'  and,  consequently,  ought  to 
be  applied  to  one  of  the  symptoms  of  rabies,  rather 
than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a  symptom  which 
appears  occasionally  in  other  nervous  affections. 
Rabies  is  susceptible  of  spontaneous  development 
in  the  dog,  wolf,  cat,  and  fox,  which  can  thence 
transmit  it  to  other  quadrupeds  or  to  man ;  but 
it  has  not  been  proved  that  it  can  supervene, — 
without  their  having  been  previously  bitten, — in 
animals  of  other  species ;  or  that  the  latter  can, 
when  bitten,  oommunicate  it  to  others.  Many 
facts  induce  the  belief,  that  the  saliva  and  bron- 
chial mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of  the  rabid  vi- 
rus ;  the  effects  of  which  upon  the  e^nom  v  some* 


HYDROPHOBIC 


454 


HYDROPS 


times  apt  Bar  almost  immediately  after  the  bite, 
and  are,  at  others,  apparently  dormant  for  a  con- 
siderable period.  The  chief  symptoms  are  —  a 
sense  of  dryness  and  constriction  of  the  throat; 
excessive  thirst;  difficult  deglutition;  aversion 
for,  and  horror  at,  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red,  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability ;  frothy  saliva ;  grinding 
of  the  teeth,  Ac.  Death  most  commonly  happens 
before  the  fifth  day.  Hydrophobia  has  hitherto 
resisted  all  therapeutical  means.  Those  which 
allay  irritation  are  obviously  most  called  for.  In 
the  way  of  prevention,  the  bitten  part  should 
always  be  excised,  where  practicable ;  and  cau- 
terised. 

In  some  cases,  symptoms  like  those  which  fol- 
low the  bite  of  a  rabid  animal  are  said  to  have 
come  on  spontaneously.  This  affection  has  been 
termed  nervous  or  spontaneous  hydrophobia. 

HYDROPHOBUS,  Lyssodectus. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'viup,  'water/ 
and  o<p$a\(toc,  'the  eye.'  HydrophtKal' mus, 
Dropsy  of  the  eye,  Hydrops  Oc'uli,  Bnphthal'mus, 
Zoophthal'mus,  Oc'ultis  Bovi'nus,  Oculus  Bu'bulus, 
Oculus  Elephan'tinus,  Ophthaltnopto'sis,  Parop'- 
sis  Staphylo'ma  simplex,  (F.)  Hydrophthalmie, 
Hydropisie  de  Vceil.  This  affection  is  caused,  at 
times,  by  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  aque- 
ous, at  others,  of  the  vitreous,  humour.  In  the 
former  case,  the  iris  is  concave  anteriorly,  and 
pushed  backwards :  —  in  the  latter,  it  is  convex, 
and  pushed  forwards.  Most  commonly,  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  depend  on  both  humours  at  the 
same  time.  Hydrophthalmia  sometimes  affects 
both  eyes;  at  others,  only  one.  Children  are 
more  exposed  to  it  than  adults  or  old  persons. 
The  treatment  must  vary  according  to  the  cause ; 
its  longer  or  shorter  duration;  greater  or  less 
extent,  Ac  Hence,  according  to  circumstances, 
hydragogue  medicines,  purgatives,  general  and 
local  blood-letting,  blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations,  oollyria,  and  fumiga- 
tions of  different  kinds,  have  been  employed. 
'When  all  means  fail,  and  the  disease  continues 
to  make  progress,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated,  by 
a  puncture  made  with  a  cataract  needle  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  transparent  cornea. 

Hydrophthalmia,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of 
the  cornea. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same  etymon.  An 
(edematous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in  hydro- 
pic persons. 

HYDROPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia — h. 
Cruentas,  Hssmophthalmia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

HYDROPHYSOCE'Lfi,  Hydropneumatoce'le, 
from  'v&up,  'water/  Qwa,  'wind/  and  rijXi/,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  gas. 

HYDROPHYSOME'TRA,  from  '«a«p,  'water/ 
fvaaw,  '  I  inflate/  and  ftrjrpa,  '  the  womb.'  A  mor- 
bid condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  both  fluid 
and  air  are  contained  in  it. 

HYDROP'IC,  Hydrop'icus,  Hy'phydros,  Hy- 
der'icus,  Hydero'des,  Drop'sical,  (P.)  Hydropique. 
One  labouring  under  dropsy.  Relating  to  dropsy. 
Also,  an  antihydropic,  and  a  hydragogue. 

HYDROPIPER,  Polygonum  hydropiper, 

HYDROPISIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops  —  *,  du  Ba$-ventre, 
Ascites — h.  Ciribrale  euraigui,  Apoplexy,  serouf 

—  a.  de  VQSil,  Hydrophthalmia— h.  de  rOvaire, 
Hydroarion — a.  du  PSriearde,  Hydropericardium 

—  A.  dee  Plivree,  Hydrothorax  —  A.  de  Poitn'ne, 
Hydrothorax— -a.  de  la  Visicule  du  Fiel,  Turgcs- 
centia  vesicas  felless. 


HYDROPISIS,  Hydrops— h.  Vera,  Anasarca. 

HYDROPISMUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPLEURIE,  Hydrothorax. 

HYDROPNEUMATOCELE,  Hydrophysocele. 

HYDROPNEUMON,  Hydropneumonia. 

HYDROPNEUMO'NIA,  Hydropneu'mam, 
CEde'ma  pulmo'num  chron'icum,  Hydrope  pulmo- 
num  cellulo'sus,  Anasar'ca  pulmo'tmin,  Hydrope 
pulmonum,  from  *v&u>p,  '  water/  and  wptvpbtv,  '  the 
lung/  Dropsical  infiltration  of  the  lungs.  See 
(Edema  of  the  lungs. 

HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA,  from  <*S«p,  'wa- 
ter/ wvevpa,  '  wind,  air/  and  oap£,  *  flesh/  An  ab- 
scess, containing  water,  air,  and  matters  similar 
to  flesh.  —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX,  Hydroaeropleu- 
rie,  from  *v5<ap,  'water/  xvtvpwr,  'the  lung,'  and 
0wpaf,  '  the  chest'  Pneumothorax  with  effusion 
of  blood  into  the  chest.     See  Pneumothorax. 

HYDROPOI'DES,  from  'v3«/>,  ' water/  and 
touch,  '  I  make/  An  epithet  for  watery  excre- 
tions, such  as  sometimes  take  place  in  hydropics. 

nYDROP'OTA,  Hydropses,  Pota'tor  Aaues, 
from  *v6u>pt  'water/  and  *otth,  'a  drinker/  A 
water  drinker.  One  who  drinks  only  water,  or 
drinks  it  in  an  extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'vfo*  'water/  PUgma'tia, 
Hy'deroat  Affec'tus  hydero'deet  Hy  drop' is  is,  Hy- 
dropie'ia,  HydropWmus,  Ey  drop' si  a,  Hydror- 
rhea'ay  Hydrorrhoi,  Hydrorrhoiis,  Polyhy'dria, 
Hydron'osus,  Hydronn'sus,  Dropsy,  (F.)  Hydro- 
pisie.  A  preternatural  collection  of  a  serous 
fluid  in  any  cavity  of  the  body,  or  in  the  areolar 
texture.  When  the  cellular  texture  of  the  whole 
body  is  more  or  less  filled  with  fluid,  the  disease 
is  called  Anasar'ca  or  Leucoplegma'tiaj —  and 
when  this  variety  is  local  or  partial,  it  is  called 
(Ede'ma.  The  chief  dropsies,  designated  from 
their  seat,  are: — Anasarca,  Hydrocephalus,  Hy- 
drorachitis,  Hydrothorax,  Hydropericardium,  As- 
cites, Hydrometra,  Hydrocele,  Ac 

Encyst' cd  Dropsy,  Hydrops  sacca'tus,  tncaro- 
ra'tue  vel  cys'ticus,  is  that  variety  in  which  the 
fluid  is  enclosed  In  a  sao  or  cyst;  so  that  it  has 
no  communication  with  the  surrounding  parts. 
Dropsy  of  the  Ovarium,  Hydrops  Ova'rii,  Asci- 
tes Ova'rii,  Asci'tes  sacca'tus,  is  an  instance  of 
this  variety. 

Dropsy  may  be  active  or  passive.  The  former 
consists  in  an  increased  action  of  the  exhalants, 
so  that  those  vessels  pour  out  much  more  fluid 
than  is  absorbed :  the  latter  arises  from  a  state 
of  atony  of  the  absorbent  vessels,  which  allows 
of  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  may  also  be  «*«• 
chanical,  or  produced  by  obstructions  to  the  cir- 
culation, as  in  cases  of  diseased  liver.  Active 
dropsy,  occurring  accidentally  in  a  sound  indivi- 
dual, generally  ends  favourably.  That  which 
supervenes  on  other  diseases,  or  is  symptomatic 
of  some  internal  affection,  is  rarely  curable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  all  those 
remedies  which  act  on  the  various  secretions :  so 
that,  the  demand  being  increased,  the  supply  will 
have  to  be  increased  accordingly;  and  in  this 
manner  some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  be  taken 
up  by  the  absorbents.  To  this  end  bleeding,  if 
the  dropsy  be  very  active ;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  Bialogogues,  Ac,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

Hydrops  Abdominis,  Ascites  —  h.  Abdominis 
aereus,  Tympanites — h.  Abdominis  saccatas,  se« 
Ascites  —  h.  Anasarca,  Anasarca  —  h.  Anasarca 
acutus,  see  Anasarca  —  h.  Articulorum,  Hydrar- 
thrus — h.  Ascites,  Ascites — h.  Capitis,  Hydroce- 
phalus— h.  Capitis,  Hydrocephalus  chronicos— h. 
Cavitatis  column  as  vertebral  is,  Hydrorachis  —  h. 
Cellularis  artuum,  (Edema  —  h.  Cellularu  totius 


HYDROPSIA 


455 


HYDROTIS 


corporis,  Anasarca — h.  fcellulosus,  Anasarca — h. 
Cerebri,  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  interims 
— h.  Cutanea*,  Anasarca — h.  Cysticus,  see  Asci- 
tes, and  Hydrops — h.  Glottidis,  (Edema  of  the 
Glottis — h.  Incarcerates,  see  Hydrops — h.  In- 
tercus,  Anasarca  —  h.  Leueophlegmatias,  Leuco- 
phlegmatia — h.  ad  Matulam,  Diabetes — h.  Medi- 
astini,  Hydromediastinnm  —  h.  Medullas  spinalis, 
Hydrorachis  —  h.  Mate  lice,  Diabetes  —  h.  Oculi, 
Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii,  Hydroarion,  see  Hy- 
drops— h.  Palpebrsa,  Hydroblepharon — h.  Pecto- 
ris, Hydrothorax — h.  Pericardii,  Hydroperieardi- 
um  —  h.  Pleurae,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  Pulmonis, 
Hydrothorax — h.  Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia, 
(Edema  of  the  Lungs  —  h.  Pulmonum  cellulosus, 
Hydropneumonia — h.  Saccatus,  see  Hydrops — 
h.  Sacci  lachrymalis,  Fistula  lachrymalis  —  h. 
Scroti,  Hydrocele — h.  Siccus  et  flatulentus,  Tym- 
panites— h.  Spins,  Hydrorachis — h.  Spines  ver- 
tebralis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Subcutaneus,  Anasarca 
— h.  Telse  celluloses,  Anasarca — h.  Testioulorum, 
Hydrocele  —  h.  Thoracis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Tu- 
barum  Fallopii,  Hydrosalpinx — h.  Tympani,  Hy- 
dromyringa — b. Tympanites,  Tympanites — h.TJm- 
biiicalis,  Hydromphalum — h.  Uteri,  Hydrometra 
— h.  Vesicas  felleso,  Turgescentia  vesiculse  felleos. 

HYDROPSIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  Stop, '  water/  and 
vvperof,  'fever;'  Febris  sudato'ria.  Fever  with 
sweating.  Hidropyrctos  would  be  more  proper; 
from  lt&pws,  'sweat.'     See  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  't^wp,  'water,'  and 
p*X*Sf  *tne  spine.'  Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydrora- 
chi'tis,  Hydrorrha'chia,  Myeloch'ysis,  Hydrops 
Canita'tis  Culumna  Vertebra' lit,  H.  Spina  verte- 


tion  of  the  spinal  membranes  —  myeli'tis  exsuda- 
ti'va — and  forming  a  soft,  frequently  transparent, 
tumour,  constituted  of  the  membranes  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  which  are  distended  and  project- 
ing backwards  from  the  vertebral  canal,  the  pos- 
terior paries  of  which,  when  the  affection  is  con- 
genital, is  wanting  to  a  certain  extent  —  Spina 
bifida,  Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'chis  dehis'cens 
seu  congenita,  Schistorrha'chis,  Spi'nola.  The 
disease  is  often  accompanied  with  paralysis  of  the 
lower  extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate 
in  the  lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  al- 
ways fatal:  —  the  tumour  rupturing,  and  death 
occurring  instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  sim- 
ple separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebras  is  perceived,  with,  at 
times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  hydrocephalus 
ehronicus ;  and,  as  in  it,  advantage  seems  occa- 
sionally to  have  been  derived  by  puncturing  with 
a  fine  needle. 

Hydrorachis  Deht9ce*9,  see  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORACIIITIS,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORCHIS,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROR&NALE  DISTENSION,  Hydro- 
nephrosis. 

HYDRORRHACHTA,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis  — h.  Con- 
genita, see  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Dehiscens,  see  Hy- 
drorachis. 

HYDRORRHAOIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 

HYDRORRHOE,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHEA,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHOUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORTHOPNCE'A,  from  'v$mp,  'water,' 
and  opOoxvota,  '  difficulty  of  breathing,  except  in 
the  erect  posture.'  Orthopnooa,  owing  to  a  col- 
lection of  water  in  the  chest. 

HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua  sacchara'ta, 
(F.)  Eau  sucrte.    Sugared  water. 


HYDROSALPINX,  Hydrops  tuba' mm  F< 
oti;  from  *i»&*p,  'water,'  and  caXriyZ,  'at 


Fallo'- 
pii;  from  •vdwp,  •water,'  and  ea\ny$,  'a  tube/ 
Dropsy  of  the  Fallopian  tube. 

HYDROSAR'CA,  from  'v&up,  'water/  and  eopt, 
'  flesh.'  A  tumour  containing  a  fluid,  as  well  as 
portions  of  flesh.    Also,  Anasarca. 

HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'riwp,  'water/ 
vap%,  'flesh/  and  jo/Ai;,  'a  tumour.'  Sarcohydro- 
ct'le.  A  tumour,  formed  by  a  sarcocele,  compli- 
cated with  dropsy  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 

HYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  Oscheoce'U  aquo'sa, 
from  'wtap,  'water/  ovxtov,  'the  scrotum/  and 
*rijXi7,  'rupture.'  A  collection  of  water  in  the 
scrotum.     Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHiONIE,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHEUM,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSIS,  Hidrosis. 

HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
see  Docimasia. 

HYDROSUDOPATHY,  Hydroaudotherapeia. 

HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydropathy, 
Hydropathi'a,  Hydrosudop'athy,  Hydri'asU,  Ars 
hydriat'rica,  Hydriatri'a,  Water  cure,  (Q.)  Wag. 
sercur,  from  'vdu>p,  'water/  $udof  'I  sweat/  and 
dtpavtvu, '  I  remedy.'  A  badly  compounded  word, 
formed  to  express  the  mode  of  treating  diseases 
systematically  by  cold  water,  sweating,  Ac. 

HYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aqua 
hydrosulphura'ta  simplex,  Aqua  hepat'ica,  (F.) 
Eau  hyarosulphur£e  simple.  (Sulphuret  of  iron 
1000  parts,  sulphuric  acid  2000  parts,  distilled 
water  4000  parts ;  add  the  water  to  the  acid,  and 
put  the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which 
a  Wolff's  apparatus  of  five  or  six  vessels  is  adapt- 
ed ;  the  last  containing  about  an  ounce  of  potassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  the  diluted 
acid  gradually  on  the  sulphuret,  and,  ultimately, 
throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  vessel.  PA.  P. ) 
It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and  dcobstruent,  (?) 
and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  diseases  of  the  skin,  Ac. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Ac"\dum  Hydrothion'- 
icnm  liq'uidum, 

HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIACTJM 
AQUOSUM,  Ammonia*  sulphuretum — h.  Ammo- 
niacura,  Ammonite  snlphuretum. 

IIYDROTHION,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROTHO'RAX,  from  'vJ«p,  'water/  and 
0wpa£,  '  the  chest'  Hydrops  Thora'cis,  Hydrops 
pec'toris,  Hydrops  pulmo'nis,  H.  pleura,  Ste- 
thoch'ysis,  Pleurorrha'a  lymphat'ica,  PL  sero'sa, 
Dyspnoe'a  et  Orthopnea  hydrothorac"icat  (F.) 
Hydropisie  de  Poitrine,  II.  des  Pl&vres,  Dropsy 
of  the  Ohest.  Idiopathic  hydrothorax,  termed  by 
Laennec  Hydropisie  des  pllvres,  Dropsy  of  the 
Pleura,  —  by  Piorry,  Hydropleurie, —  is  a  rare 
disease,  and  difficult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally 
exists  only  on  one  side,  which,  if  the  fluid  effused 
be  considerable,  projects  more  than  ^the  other. 
Dyspnoea,  and  fluctuation  perceptible  to  the  ear, 
are  characteristic  symptoms.  When  the  chest  is 
examined  with  tho  stethoscope,  respiration  is 
found  to  be  wanting  every  where,  except  at  the 
root  of  the  lung.  The  sound  is  also  dull  on  per- 
cussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  viscus,  is  as  common  as 
the  other  is  rare.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symptom. 
It  has  been  called  symptomatic  hydrothorax. 

In  hydrothorax,  the  course  of  treatment  proper 
in  dropsies  in  general,  must  be  adopted.  Diure- 
tics seem,  here,  to  be  especially  useful  ,*  probably 
on  account  of  the  great  activity  of  pulmonary  ab- 
sorption.   Paracentesis  can  rarely  be  serviceable. 

Hydrothorax  Chylosus,  Chylothorax—  h. 
Purulentus,  Empyema. 

HYDROTICA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRO'TIS,  from  'v&op, '  water/  and  ov«,  gen 


HYDRURtSIS 


450 


HYMENOGRAPHY 


wrot,  'the  ear.'  Dropsy  of  the  ear.  Properly, 
an  accumulation  of  mucous  or  muco-purulent 
matter  in  the  middle  ear. 

HYDRURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYDRURIA,  Diabetes,  see  Urine. 

HY^RES.  This  small  town,  agreeably  situ- 
ate on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  about  two  miles  from 
the  Mediterranean,  and  twelve  from  Toulon,  is  the 
least  exceptionable  residence  in  Provence  for  the 
pulmonary  invalid.  It  is  in  some  measure  pro- 
tected from  the  northerly  winds ;  but  not  suffi- 
ciently so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  a  very 
desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical. — Sir  James 
Clark. 

HYOEA,  Hygilne,  Sanitas. 

HYGEIA,  Sanitas. 

HYGEISMUS,  Hygiene. 

HYGEOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HYGIANSIS,  Sanitas. 

HYGIASIS,  Sanitas. 

HYGIASMA,  Medicament 

HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.  The  doctrine 
of  health.  The  doctrine  of  the  restoration  of 
health. 

HYGIASTICUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEA,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEIA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEINUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEIOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENE  (P.),  (generally  Anglicised,  and 
pronounced  hygeene)  from  'vyiaa,  '  health/  Hy- 
giene, ffygeie'mue,  Jlygiei'ne,  Hygie'eie,  Hygiei'a; 


part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  preservation 
of  health.  It  embraces  a  knowledge  of  healthy 
man,  both  in  society  and  individually,  as  well  as 
of  the  objects  used  and  employed  by  him,  with 
their  influence  on  his  constitution  and  organs. 
See  Regimen. 

HYGIEN'IC,  (F.)  Hygiinique.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  Hygiene — as  'hygienic  precautions, 
hygienic  rules/  Ac.  Ac. 

HYGIENICS,  Hygiene. 

IJYGltiNIQUE,  Hygienic. 

IIYGIE'NIST.  One  who  understands  the 
principles  of  hygiene. 

HYGIERUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIESIS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

IIYGRA,  from  '«J»p,  'water,'  or  'vypet,  'hu 
mid/     Liquid  plasters ; — Hygremplae'tra, 

HYGRASIA,  Humour. 

HYGRECHE'MA,  from  'vypos,  'humid,'  and 
rXTjpa,  '  Bound ;'  Son'itue  /lu'idi.  The  sound  of 
fluid,  heard  by  auscultation,  or  otherwise. 

HYGREDON,  Humour. 

HYGREMPLASTRA,  Hygra. 

HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI,  from  'vypot, '  humid,' 
and  p\c<papov,  'eyelid;'  Hygrophthal'mici.  The 
excretory  ducts  of  the  lachrymal  gland  have  been 
so  called. 

IIYGROCATARAC'TA;  from  Sypoj, '  humid,' 
and  KarapaicTTK,  'cataract;'  Catarac'ta  liq'uida. 
Liquid  or  fluid  cataract 

HYGROCELE,  Hydrocirsocele. 

HYGROCOLLYRIA,  see  Collyrium. 

HYGROCYSTIS,  Hydatid. 

HYGROL'OGY,  Hygrolog"iat  from  'vypot,  '  hu- 
mia,'  and  \oyot,  '  a  discourse/  The  anatomy  of 
the  fluids  of  the  body. 

HYGRO'M A ,  from  'vypos, '  humid/  Tumor  cy$'- 
tieue  eero'eue,  Cyt'tie  eero'ea.  Dropsy  of  the  bursas 
mucosa. 

HYGROM'ETRY,    ffygromet'ria,   Bygroeco'- 


pia;  from  'vypot,  'humid,'  and  fn/rpov,  'measure. 
The  part  of  pnysios  which  concerns  the  measure- 
ment of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as  fre- 
quently caused  by  the  varying  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  as  by  changes  in  its  weight  or  tem- 
perature. The  hygrometer  ought,  consequently, 
to  form  part  of  every  apparatus  for  medical  me- 
teorological observations. 

HYGRON,  Liquor. 

HYGR0PH08IA,  Hydrophobia. 

HYGROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'wypo*  'humid,' 
and  ofdaXpia,  '  inflammation  of  the  eye/  Oph- 
thalmia with  much  lachrymation. 

HYGROPHTHALMICI,  HygroblepharicL 

HYGROPISSOS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry. 

HYGROTES,  Humour,  Liquor. 

HYGRUM,  Humour. 

HY'Lfi, 'iH  Jfafe'rta, '  Matter/  Wood.  Ma- 
teria Medioa ;  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 

Hylb  Iatrice,  Materia  Medica. 

HYLISIS,  Colatio. 

HYLISMUS,  Colatio. 

HYLISTER,  Colatorium. 

HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  <v\n,  'wood,'  and 
<p<xyv,  'I  eat'  One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  Ac.  Hylophagoua  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 

HYMASTATICS,  Hsemastatice. 

HYMEN,  'vfiTjv,  which  signifies  'marriage/ 
'nuptial  song,'  'membrane  or  pellicle/  Claw- 
trum  seu  Floe  seu  Sigil'lum  sen  Cueto'dia  sen  Co- 
lum'na  seu  Zona  virgina'tie,  Floe  virgina'lie,  Yir± 
gin'ia,  Gir'culue  membrano'eue,  Bucton,  Intereejr*- 
tum  virgina'li,  Cento  virgina'lie,  Argumen'tum 
Integrita'tie,  Muni  men' turn  seu  Zona  Caetita'tie, 
Pannie'ulue  hgmena'ue  seu  virgina'lie,  Eugicm, 
Val'vula  ragi'na,  Membran'ula  luna'ta  vagina, 
Virginal  membrane.  The  semilunar,  parabolic, 
or  circular  fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
vagina  in  virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and 
prior  to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi- 
narily ruptured  by  the  first  venereal  act,  and  is 
effaced  by  accouchement;  some  irregular  flaps 
remaining,  to  which  the  name  Carun'cula  Myr- 
ti/or'mee  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re- 
semblance to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may  oc- 
casion a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  membrane. 
It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in  children  soon 
after  birth ;  whilst  it  may  remain  entire  after  co- 
pulation. Hence  the  presence  of  the  hymen  does 
not  absolutely  prove  virginity ;  nor  does  its  ab- 
sence prove  incontinence ;  although  its  presence 
would  be  primd  facie  evidence  of  continence. 

Hymen,  Membrane— h.  Diaphatton,  Mediasti- 
num. 

HYMEN^A,  see  Copal— h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRHEA.  Amenor- 
rhea occasioned  by  closure  of  the  hymen. 

HYMEN'ICUS,  Hymeno'dee,  from  '■jm*,  'hy- 
men,' Ac  Relating  to  the  hymen.  Also,  mem- 
branous. 

HYMENFTIS,  from  Vrr,  'a  membrane,' and 
itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Membranous  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  an  internal  mem- 
brane. 

HYME'NIUM,  Membran'ula,  diminutive  of 
'v/tipr,  '  a  membrane/    A  fine,  delicate  membrane, 

HYMENODES,  Hymenicus. 

HYMENOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

HYMENOG'RAPHY,  Hymenogra'phia,  from 
Viiv,  'a  membrane,'  and  ypafw,  *I  describe.* 
That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  different  membranes. 


HYMBNOLOGY 


467 


HYPEREMIA 


HYMENOL'OGY,  Hymenolog"ia,  from  'vjw, 
'»  membrane,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

HYMENOR'RHAPHY,  Hymenorrha'phx a ; 
from  'wr, '  the  hymen/  and  pafn,  '  a  suture.'  A 
form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  in  which  the  operation  is 
performed  in  the  natural  situation  of  the  hymen. 

HYMENOT'OMY,  Hymenotom'ia,  from  tyi?*, 
'a  membrane/  and  Ttpva,  'I  cot,'  'I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also  been 
applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  practised  in 
certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the  vagina,  in 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood  retained  and  ac- 
cumulated in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. 

HYMNIUM,  Amnios. 

HYO :  in  oomposition,  an  abridgment  of  Hy- 
oides, os. 

HY0BASI0GL0S6US,  Basioglossus. 

HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thyreohyoideus. 

HYODES,  Hyoides. 

HYO-EPIGLOT'TICUS,  Hyodepiglot'txcue. 
Belonging  to  the  os  hyoides  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  the  name  Hyo-epiglottic 
ligament  to  a  bundle  of  condensed  areolar  tissue, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  epiglottic 
fibro-  cartilage. 

HYO-QLOSSO-BASI-PHAR  YNQIEN, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

HYOGLOS'SUS,  Hyodeo-glossus,  Hyo-chondro- 
glossus,  Hypeilogloeeue,  Cer'ato-glossus  of  Douglass 
and  Cowper:  Basio-Cerato-Chondro-glossus.  A 
large,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  Its  in- 
sertions at  three  different  points  of  the  os  hyoides 
permit  it  to  be  divided  into  three  portions: — the 
first,  (Cerato-glossus  of  Albinus)  is  attached  to 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides :  the  second, 
(Baeio-glossue  of  Albinus,)  arises  from  the  supe- 
rior part  of  the  body  of  the  same  bone ;  and  the 
third,  (Chondro-glossus  of  Albinus,)  arises  from 
the  lesser  cornu  and  the  cartilage,  situate  between 
the  body  and  the  greater  oornu.  The  fibres  of 
these  three  bundles  are  inserted  into  the  lateral 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os 
hyoides,  when  the  tongue  is  fixed. 

HYO-THYREOIDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoideus. 

HYO-THYROID,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

HYOID  BONE,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYOt'DES,  08,  Oe  Bicor'ni,  0$  hvpeeloVdee, 
Os  LatnbdoU'dee,  Os  Qvt'twris,  Oe  Lingua,  Os 
Lingua'U,  UpeiloVdee,  Ypsilo\dee.  The  Hyoid 
Bom;  from  the  Greek  v,  and  uSot,  'shape.'  Ey- 
oVdeue,  Hyo'des.  The  hyoid  bone  is  a  very  mo- 
vable, osseous  arch j  of  a  parabolic  shape  ,*  con- 
vex before,  and  suspended  horizontally  in  the 
substance  of  the  soft  parts  of  the  neck,  between 
the  base  of  the  tongue  and  the  larynx.  This 
bone,  separated  entirely  from  the  rest  of  the  ske- 
leton, is  composed  of  five  distinct  portions,  sus- 
ceptible of  motion  on  each  other.  The  first,  and 
most  central,  is  the  body  of  the  hyoid,  Ossiculum 
medium  HyoVdis,  which  affords  attachment  to 
several  muscles ;  the  two  others  are  lateral,  and 
bear  the  name  of  branch**  or  greater  eornua* 
The  last  two  are  smaller,  situate  above  the  other, 
and  are  known  under  the  name  letter  eornua  and 
styloid  eornua,  the  Otea  pisifor'mia  lingua'lia 
of  Sbmmering.  The  os  hyoides  is  ossified  from 
five  points. 

Hyoides  Primus,  Sterneo-hyoideua. 

HYOIDEUS,  Hyoides. 


HYOIDIS  QUARTUS  MUSCULUS,  Omo- 
hyoideus. 

HYOSCY'AMUS,  from  V,  'ft  swine/  and 
Kvapos,  'a  bean.'  Faba  mil' la,  Bengi,  Jusquia- 
mus,  Hyoscyamus  niger  sen  agres'tis,  Apollina'- 
ris,  Alter' cum,  AgJon$,  Alter  can' genon,  Henbane, 
Poison  Tobac'eo,  Stinking  nightshade,  (F.)  Jue- 
quiaume,  Five  a  Ooehon,  Hannebane9  PotiUe. 
The  leaves  and  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medi- 
cine. Their  odour  is  narcotic  and  peculiar; 
taste  insipid  and  mucilaginous.  The  virtues  are 
yielded  to  proof  spirit  Hyoscyamus  is  narcotic, 
anodyne,  antispasmodic,  and  slightly  stimulant. 
It  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  opium,  where  the 
latter  disagrees ;  and  is  applied,  externally,  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cancer  and  glandular  swellings. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  x  of  the  powder. 

Hyoscyamus  Agrkstis,  Hyoscyamus. 

Hyoscyamus  Aldus,  White  Henbane,  possesses 
similar  virtues. 

Hyoscyamus  Luteus,  Nicotiana  rustioa — h. 
Niger,  Hyoscyamus  —  h.  Peruvianus,  Nicotiana 
tabacum. 

Hyoscyamus  Scopolia,  ScopolVna  atropct'dee. 
The  herb  and  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in 
Ulyria,  Hungary,  Croatia,  Gallizia,  and  Bavaria, 
are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  belladonna.  Dose 
of  the  powder,  half  a  grain. 

HYP  ACTIO  US,  Cathartic. 

HYP-B'MIA,  from  S*o,  'beneath/  and  'aipa, 
'  blood ;'  Oligemia,  Oligoha'mia,  Ana'tnia.  De- 
ficiency of  blood. — Andral.  Also,  extravasation 
of  blood. 

HYPAGOGE,  Dejection. 

HYPAGOGUS,  Laxative. 

HYPALEIM'MA,  Hypalim'ma,  Hyp  a  hip' turn, 
ffypalip'tutn,  from  'vtraltupm,  'I  anoint.'  An 
ointment  or  liniment  to  be  rubbod  or  spread  on 
apart. 

HYPALEIPTRIS,  Hypaleiptrum. 

HYPALEIP'TRON,  Hypaleip'trum,  Hypaleip- 
trie,  Hypaliptrum,  Speeil'lum,  Spatha.  A  sort 
of  spatula  for  spreading  ointments. — Hipp. 

HYPALEIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPALEIPTUM,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIMMA,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  W,  'under/  and 
amaurosis;  Amaurosis  imperfecta.  Imperfect 
amaurosis;  Meramauro'sis. 

HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  W,  'under/  and 
apoplexia.    An  incomplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

HYPATMISMU8,  Fumigation. 

HYPATMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPAUCHE'NIUM,  from  W,  'under/  and 
avxnv,  'the  neck.'  A  pillow  or  cushion  for  the 
neck. 

HYPECCH0RESI8,  Dejection. 

HYPECCHORETICUS,  Laxative. 

HYPELATUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

HYPENANTIOMA,  Allopathy. 

HYPENANTIOSIS,  Allopathy. 

HYPE'Nl,  'vmy*.  The  beard  which  grows 
under  the  chin,  according  to  some.  Also,  the 
upper  lip. — Vesalius.    See  Mystax. 

HYPER,  'vrtp,  'above/  'in  excess/    Hence: 

HYPER  ACU'SIS,  Qxyecola,  Hyperae'oi, 
Phthongodyspho'ria,  from  'wtp,  'above/  and  axon, 
'audition.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ 
of  hearing. 

HYPERADENO'SIS,  Hyperadeno'ma,  Hyper- 
troph'ia  glandula'rum,  from  'uirrp,  'in  excess/ 
and  aSriv,  '  a  gland.'    Hypertrophy  of  a  gland. 

HYPEREMIA,  Hyperhce'mia,  Hnmorwe'sie, 
(F.)  Hyperimie,  Angiohitnie,  fronj    »rrp,  'above/ 


HYPERiEMIO 


458 


HYPERHORA 


and  €atna,  'blood.'  Preternatural  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially 
local  plethora;  congestion. — Andral.  Various 
forms  of  hyperajmia  are  admitted  by  patholo- 
gists,— for  example,  the  active  or  athenic;  as  in 
the  phlegmasia,  —  the  asthenic  or  paeaive,  from 
weakness  of  vessels ;  the  cadaveric,  or  that  whioh 
forms  immediately  before  or  after  death ;  and  the 
hypoatatic,  which  occurs  in  depending  parts. 

Hyperemia  Abdominis,  CoelisBmia — h.  Activa, 
Inflammation — h.  Capitis,  Cephaltemia — h.  of  the 
Brain,  Stethsemia— h.  Cerebri,  Cephalrcmia— h. 
Pectoris,  Stethaemia — h.  Pulmonum,  Stethsemia 
— h.  of  the  Lungs,  Stethsemia— h.  Hepatic,  He- 
patohaemia. 

HYPER-B'MIC,  Hypera'micua,  Conge*' ted, 
Bloodshot.    Affected  with  hyperemia. 

HYPERESTHESIA,  Hypersesthesis— h.  Lin- 
gua), Hypergeustia — h.  Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre- 
sift — h.  Plexus  cardiaci,  Angina  pectoris. 

HYPERESTHE '  SIS,  Hyperautha '  aia,  Oxy- 
aathe'aia,  (F.)  Hypireathiaie,  from  Wp,  'above,' 
and  aivSriw,  '  the  faculty  of  feeling.'  Excessive 
sensibility,  impressibility,  or  passibility. 

HYPER^ESTHET'ICA,  same  etymon.  Agents 
that  are  conceived  to  augment  general  sensibility 
— as  strychnia,  brucia,  Ac.     Pereira. 

HYPERANTHERA  MORINGA,  Guilandina 
raoringa. 

HYPERANTHRAXIS,  see  Cholera. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  Oxyaphe,  Oryaph'ia,  from 
*vrtp,  'in  excess,'  and  'a<pri,  'touch.'  Excessive 
a cu  ten  ess  of  touch. 

HYPER APHRODIS'IA,  from  Wp,  'in  ex- 
cess, and  A<ppo5iT7j, '  Venus.'  Excessive  venereal 
desire. 

HYPER ASTHENI'A,  from  Wp,  'in  excess,' 
and  acOcveia,  '  weakness.'    Excessive  debility. 

HYPERAUXE'SIS,  from  'u«p,  'over,'  'above,' 
and  avfrw,  'augmentation.'  Hyperepid'oeie. 
Excessive  increase  or  enlargement  of  apart; — as 
Hyperauxe'aia  Ir'idie,  an  excessive  enlargement 
of  the  iris,  so  as  to  stop  up  the  pupil. 

HYPERBOL'IC  (attitude),  from  'vircp,  'above, 
over/ and  0aAX«,  '  I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen, 
by  this  term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  at- 
titudes, in  which  the  limbs  and  vertebral  column 
are  in  a  state  of  complete  extension  or  flexion. 

HYPERBO'REAN,  from  'wtrep,  'beyond,' and 
(ioptas,  '  the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men  found 
at  the  extreme  north  of  the  two  continents,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  polar  circle.  It  includes  the  Thi- 
betans, Ostiaks,  Kamtsohadales,  Laplanders,  Sa- 
moiedes,  Esquimaux,  Ac. 

HYPERBU'LIA,  from  'virtp,  'in  excess,'  and 
fiovXti,  '  will.'     Ungovernable  will  or  volition. 

HYPERCARDIA,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPERCATAPINO'SIS,  from  Wp,  'in  ex- 
cess,' and  Karamvuv, ' to  sip  up.'  Excessive  acti- 
vity of  absorption. 

HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Hyperine'ria,  Hypcri- 
nos,  Superputga' tio,  Effrenita'tio,  from  'wirep,  '  in 
excess/ and  KaSapats,  'purgation.'  Superpurga- 
tion. 

HYPERCENO'SIS,  from  'w«p, '  in  excess,'  and 
kcvwvk,  'evacuation.'  Excessive  evacuation,  as 
of  blood,  bile,  Ac. 

HYPERCERASIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 

HYPERCERATOSIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

HYPERCHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  Hypercine'aia,  from  <wirep, 
'above,  over,'  and  tcivncis  (ctyew,  'I  move/)  'mo- 
tion.'   Excessive  motion.    Under  the  term  hy- 


percineaia,  Romberg  includes  the  spasmodic  neu- 
roses. 

Hypercinesia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable — h. 
Uterina,  Hvsteria. 

HYPERCINESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochondri- 
asis. 

HYPERCONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia. 

HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,  from  Wip,  'above/ 
and  KopvQrj,  'the  vertex/  the  extreme  point  of 
anything.  The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs. — 
Hippocrates. 

HYPERCRIN'IA,  Hyperdiac'riaia,  Chynome'- 
mia,  from  *v«p,  '  above/  and  cpivw,  '  I  separate.' 
A  morbid  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

HYPER'CRISIS,  same  etymon.  Superexcre'- 
tio,  Superevactta'tio.  An  excessive  crisis,  or  eva- 
cuation; a  flux. — A  very  violent,  critical  effort, 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations. — Galen. 

HYPERCYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

H  Y  P  E  R  D  ERM  ATO'SIS,  HyperdermatoTma, 
Hyperdermo'aiB,  Hyperdermo'ma,  from  'vircp,  'in 
excess/  and  6epfia,  'skin.'  Hypertrophy  of  the 
skin. 

HYPERDIA CRISIS,  Hypercrinia. 

HYPERDIURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPERDYNAMIC,  Hyperdynamia,  from 
'v*?p,  'in  excess,'  and  ivvapts,  'strength.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  or  having  the  characters  of  hyperdy- 
namia, or  excessive  strength — of  the  vital  powers 
more  especially. 

HYPERECHEMA,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPERECHESIS,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPEREM'ESIS,  Hyperemea'ia;  Pom 'to* 
profu'aua,  from  vxtp,  'in  excess/  and  cjmw,  'I 
vomit'    Excessive  vomiting  after  an  emetic. 

HYPER&MIE,  Hyperemia  —  *,  du  Cerveau, 
Ccphalohfemia — A.  Cirfbrale,  Cephalohsemia. — 
A.  du  Foie,  Hepatohmmia  —  h.  de  la  Jfoellc  (pi- 
nitre,  HypermyelohsBmia — A.  de$  Powwow*,  Ste- 
thaemia. 

HYPERENCJ5PHALOTROPHIE;  from 
Sirep,  'in  excess/  ryKt<pa\ov,  'the  encephalon/ 
and  rooipt],  '  nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the 
encephalon. — Piorry. 

HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  '««<>,  'above,' 
and  Kt<pa\r)t  'the  head.'  A  monster  whose  ex- 
cessive brain  is  situate  in  the  skull. 

HYPERENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 

HYPERENERGI'A,  from  Wep,  'in  excess,' 
and  tvepyua,  'activity/  Excessive  activity,  as 
of  the  nervous  system. 

HYPEREPHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPEREPIDOSIS,  Hyperauxesis. 

HYPERERETHIS'IA,  from  '»«p,  'in  excess,' 
and  rpc6(£u,  '  I  excite.'    Excessive  irritability. 

HYPERBS'IA,  Wpc«a,  'a  ministry.'  This 
word  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  organs; — when 
it  means  function. 

HYPERESTHESIE,  Hypersesthesis. 

HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 

HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from  Wcp,  'in  excess,' 
and  ytvtcts,  '  generation.'  The  excess  of  forma- 
tive power,  which  gives  occasion  to  monstrosities 
by  excess  of  parts. 

HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeu'aia,  Hmrm- 
athe'aia  lingua,  Oxygen' aia,  from  'v»tp,  'above/ 
and  ytvcrtt,  '  taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the 
organ  of  taste. 

HYPERH^MATOSIS,  Inflammation. 

HYPERH^MIA,  Hyperemia. 

HYPERH&PA  TO  TR  OP  HIE,  Hepatoma. 

HYPERHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERHO'RA,  from  'v«p,  'in  excess/  and 


HYPERICUM 


459 


HTPHB 


twp*t '  time/   Premature  derelopment  of  the  body, 
or  of  some  part. 

HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arbut'cula 
gtanmif  era,  Brazilien'sis,  Caa-opia.  A  Brazilian 
tree,  whose  bark  admits  a  juice,  when  wounded, 
which  resembles  gamboge. 

Htpericuh  Officinale,  H.  perforatum — h. 
Officinaruin,  H.  perforatum. 

Hypericum  Pkrfora'tuv,  Hypericum,  H.  offi- 
cina'U  seu  oflicina'rum  seu  vtdga're  seu  Virgin' i- 
cum,  Fttga  Da'monutn,  Androscs'mum,  Co'rion, 
Per/orated  or  Common  St.  John'*  Wort,  (F.)  Mil- 
Uptrtuis  ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  enters  into  a  number  of  aromatio  pre- 
parations; and,  amongst  others,  into  the  Fall- 
trancks.  The  Oil  of  St.  John's  Wort,  O'leum 
kyperici,  Bal'tamum  hyperici  sim'plex,  is  made 
by  infusing  %iv.  of  the  flowers  in  a  quart  of  olive 
oil.     It  is  vulnerary. 

Hypericum  Virginicum,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Vulgare,  H.  perforatum. 

HYPERIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERINESIS,  nypercatharsis. 

HYPERINOS,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINO'SIS,  Hyperplasia,  from  *v«p, 
'above/  and  ts,  ivoj,  'flesh.'  The  condition  of 
the  blood  in  which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the 
proportion  of  fibrin,  a  decrease  of  the  corpuscles  in 
proportion  to  the  excess  of  fibrin,  and  an  increase 
of  the  fat,  —  as  in  inflammation.  In  proportion 
to  the  increase  of  the  fibrin  and  fat,  and  the  de- 
crease of  the  corpuscles,  the  whole  solid  residue 
will  be  diminished.  Also,  morbidly  increased 
muscular  activitv- — Siebenhaar. 

HYPERLYMPH'IA,  (F '.)  Hyperlymphie ;  from 
*v*tp,  'in  excess,'  and  lympha.  Excessive  forma- 
tion or  accumulation  of  lymph. 

HYPERMJtTROHlSMIE,  Metrohamia, 

HYPERMNE'SIA,  from  'wircp,  'in  excess/  and 
fLvaopai,  *  I  recollect.'    Excessive  memory. 

HYPERMYEOLOH^'MIA,  (F.)  Hyperimie 
de  la  Moelle  Epiniire,  Congestion  sanguine  rachi- 
dienne,  from  'warp,  'in  excess/  pvtXos,  'marrow/ 
and  'atpa,  'blood.'  Hyperemia  of  the  spinal 
marrow. 

HYPERXEPHROTROPHIE,  from  Wp, 
'in  excess/  vc<f>po(,  'kidney/  and  rpoe)n,  'nourish- 
ment'   Hypertrophy  of  the  kidney. 

HYPERNEU'RIA,  from  'vwp,  'in  excess/  and 
vtvpov,  '  a  nerve.'    Excessive  nervous  activity. 

HYPERNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.  Morbid 
development  of  the  neurine  or  nervous  masses. 

HYPERO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

HYPERO'A,  from  'vwtp,  'upon/  and  <aov,  'a 
high  place.'  The  palatine  arch, — the  base  of  the 
oranium. 

Hyperoa,  Palate. 

HYPEROl'TIS,  Inflamma'tio pala'ti,  Angi'na 
PalatVna,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  Palais;  from  hy- 
peroa, 'the  palate/  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  velum  palati. 

HYPEROOCHAS'MA,  from  Wp«a,  '  the  pa- 
late, and  %avfta,  'an  opening/  Lycos' toma,  Pa- 
la' turn  fissum.    Fissure  of  the  palate. 

HYPEROPSIA,  Oxyopia, 

HYPEROS,  Pilum. 

HYPEROSMIA,  Hyperosphresia, 

HYPEROSPHRE'SIA,  Hyperemia,  Hyper- 
iBsthe'sia  ol/acto'ria,  Olfac'tus  acu'tus,  from  'vvcp, 
and  o<r<ppriei(,  'smell.'  Excessive  acuteness  of 
smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

HYPERPATHI'A,  from  '»wp,  'in  excess/  and 
*«0er,  'suffering.'    Excessive  sensibility  in\}is- 


HYPERPHLEBO'SIS,  from  Wp,  'in  excess,9 
and  eyXs^pt  'a  vein.'  Too  great  development  of 
the  venous  system ;  predominant  venosity. 

HYPERPHLEGMASIA,  Hyperphlogosis. 

HYPERPHLOGO'SIS,  Epiphlogo'sis,  Hyper- 
phlegma'sia,  Inflamma'tio  peracu'ta,  from  'vxtp, 
'above/  and  <p\oyv<ris,  'inflammation.'  A  high 
degree  of  inflammation. 

HYPERPHRJiNIE,  Mania. 

HYPERPIMELE,  see  Polysarcia. 

HYPERPLASMA,  Hyperinosis. 

HYPER PLEXIE,  Ecstasis. 

HYPERPNEUSTIA,  Flatulence. 

HYPERPRESBYTIA,  Presbytia. 

HYPERSARCHIDIOS,  Physconia. 

HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hypersnrco'sia,  Hyper- 
sarx'is,  from  'owp,  '  above/  and  capf,  '  flesh.  A 
soft  fungous  excrescence,  especially  such  as  ap- 
pears upon  ulcerated  parts.  —  A  fungosity. 

HYPERSARCOSIS,  Excrescence,  Fungosity, 
— b.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERSARXIS,  Hyporsareoma. 

HYPERSPADIAS,  Epispadias. 

HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion. 

HYPERSPLJSXOTROPHIE,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERSPONGIA,  Spina  ventosa. 

HYPERSTHENIC,  Hyperdynamia,  Hyper- 
Ko'ddyna'mia,  Statu*  inflammato' rius  verve;  from 
'vxtf,  'beyond/  and  edivos,  'strength.'  Super- 
excitement.  A  morbid  condition,  characterized 
by  over-excitement  of  all  the  vital  phenomena. 

HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant. 

HYPERSTHENICUS,  Active,  Stimulant. 

HYPERTONIA,  W,  'beyond/  and  to**, 
'  tone.'  Excess  of  tone  in  parts.  It  is  opposed 
to  atony. 

HYPERTROPHJE'MIA,  from  W,  'above/ 
rpwpn,  'nourishment,'  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  A  state 
in  which  the  plastic  powers  of  the  blood  are  in- 
creased. 

HYPERTROPHIA  CEREBRI,  Pbrenauxe— 
h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  h.  Glan- 
dularum,  Hyperadenosis — h.  He  pa  (is,  Hcpatauxe 
— h.  Intestinorum,  Enterhypertrophia — h.  Lienis, 
Splenoncus  —  h.  Splenis,  Splenoncus  —  h.  Uteri, 
Metrauxe  —  h.  Vesicae  urinaria?,  Cystauxe. 

HYPERTROPHIE  DU  C(EUR,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the — h.  du  Foie,  Hepatauxe — A.  de 
la  Rate,  Splenoncus — A.  du  Corp*  Thyroids, 
Bronohooele. 

HYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HYPERTROPHOUS,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HY'PERTROPHY,  Hypertroph'ia,  from  'wrp, 
'beyond/  and  rpo<pn,  'nourishment'  The  state 
of  a  part  in  which  the  nutrition  is  performed  with 
greater  activity;  and  which,  on  that  account,  at 
length  acquires  unusual  bulk.  The  part  thus 
affected  is  said  to  be  hypertrophied  or  hypertro- 
phous. 

HYPERURESIS,  Enuresis  —  h.  Aquoea,  Dia- 

HYPERVRORRHEE,  Diabetes— h.  Saccha- 
rine, Diabetes  (Mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPEX'ODOS,  'vxtZoios,  from  W,  'beneath/ 
and  t%o&os,  'passing  out.'  An  alvine  discharge 
or  flux.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPEZOCUS,  Diaphragm,  Pleura. 

HYPHA,  Texture. 

HYPHiEMA,  Ecchymoma. 

HYPKfiMATO'SIS,  from  'v»o,  'under/  and 
'ai/iaruvir,  'sanguification.'  Morbidly  diminished 
hsematosis.  —  Sanguiflca'tio  debil'ior. 

HYPH^MOS,  Subcruentus. 

HYPHE,  Texture. 


HYPHYDROS 


440 


HYPOCCKLIUM 


HYPHYDROS,  Hydropic 

HYPINO'SIS,  Hvpoplas'ma,  from  W,  'un- 
der,' and  k,  ivoq,  'flesh.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  frequently 
less  than  in  health,  or  if  it  amounts  to  the  usual 
quantity,  its  proportion  to  the  blood  corpuscles 
is  less  than  in  health :  the  quantity  of  corpuscles 
is  either  absolutely  increased  or  their  proportion 
to  the  fibrin  is  larger  than  in  healthy  blood ;  the 
quantity  of  solid  constituents  is  also  frequently 
larger  than  in  health.  Such  is  the  condition  of 
the  blood  in  fevers,  hemorrhages,  and  polysomia. 
—Simon. 

HYPNiESTHESIS,  Somnolency. 

HYPNIA'TER,  (F.)  Hypniatre,  from  W*, 
'sleep,'  and  tarpo;,  'a  physician.'  A  name  given 
to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have  affirmed 
that  they  were  able,  during  their  'magnetic  sleep/ 
to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  appropriate  treat- 
ment 

HYPNIC,  Hyp'nicus,  from  Woj,  'sleep.'  An 
agent  that  affects  sleep.  —  Pereira. 

HYPNOBATA8IS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNO'DES,  'vwvSrit,  from  *vxo,  'under/  and 
'vrvof,  'sleep.'  One  in  a  state  of  slumber  or  som- 
nolency. 

HYPNODIA,  Somnolency. 

HYPNOLOG"ICA,  Hypnolog"ici.  The  part 
of  hygiene  which  treats  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Hypnolog"ia,  from  Wo*,  and 
Xoyott  'a  discourse.'  Same  etymon.  A  treatise 
on  sleep.    The  doctrine  of  sleep. 

HYPNONERGIA,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOPOEUS,  Somniferous. 

HYPNOS.  Sleep. 

HYPNOSIS  BIOMAGNETICA,  Sleep,  mag. 
netic. 

HYPNOTIC,  Somniferous. 

HYPNOTISM,  Somnambulism,  magnetic;  see 
Magnetism,  animal. 

HYPNOTIZED,  see  Mesmerized. 

HYPO,  Wo,  'under/  '•»&.'    In  composition. 

Hypo,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPO^MA,  Ecchymoma. 

HYPOXEMIA,  Ecchymoma. 

HYPOBLEPH'ARUM,  from  'vno,  'under/  and 
0\c$apov,  'eyelid/  Tumefaction  under  one  or 
both  eyelids.  Also,  an  artificial  eye,  placed  un- 
der the  eyelids. 

HYPOCAPNISMA,  Suffimentum. 

HYPOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPOCARO'DES,  Subsopora'tus,  from  'wro, 
'  under/  and  sapot,  '  a  heavy  sleep.'  One  who  is 
in  a  state  approaching  cams.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATHAR'SIS,  from  W,  'beneath/  and 
KaSaovif,  *  purgation.'  Too  feeble  purgation.  A 
word  opposed  to  hypercatharsis. 

HYPOCATHARTICUS,  Laxative. 

HYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  W,  'beneath/  and 
satis,  '  I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
in  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths :  —  'vn-oKavorov,  Balnea1 rium,  Vapora'rium. 

HYPOCEPHAL^'UM,  from  'ore,  'under/  and 
ui$a>,n,  '  head.'    A  pillow  for  the  head. 

HYPOCERCHA'LBON,  from  W,  and  «p- 
XaXtof,  '  hoarse.'  Roughness  of  the  fauces  affect- 
ing the  voice.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOCHLORETUM  SULPHUROSUM,  Sul- 
phur, chloride  of. 

HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  snb^pal'lidi  nigri- 
cans, from  'viro,  ^Awpof,  'green/  and  fuXas,  'black.' , 


A  term  applied  to  one  whose  skin  is  pale,  with  a 
blackish  hue.  —  Hippocr.,  Galen. 

HYPOCHOILION,  Abdomen. 

HY'POCHONDRE,  Hypochon'drium,  Svbcar- 
tilagin'eum,  Be'gio  Hypochondria  aca,  Hypochon- 
driac Region,  from.  <v*o,  '  under/  and  xwoW,  '  a 
cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region  of 
the  abdomen  is  so  called,  because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  is  a 
right  and  a  left  hypochondrium. 

HYPOCHONDRIAC,  Hypochondri acus.  Hy- 
pochondriacal, Va'poury,  Va'pourisk,  (F.)  Hypo- 
ckondriaque.  Same  etymon.  Belonging  to  by- 
pochondriasis.  One  labouring  under  hypochon- 
driasis. 

HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS,Hypochondriaaia. 

HYPOCHONDRIALGIA,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHONDRIAQUE,  Hypochondriac. 

HYPOCHONDRIASIS.  Same  etymon.  Aln'- 
sia  hypochondria*ii,  Morbus  hypochondriac**,  M. 
Resiccato'rius,  M.  Ructuo'sus,  Malum  hypochon- 
dri'acum,  Hallucina'tio  hypochondriasis,  Hypo- 
ehondriacis'mus,  Hypochondricis'mus,  JDyspep'sia 
hypochondriasis,  Pas'sio  hypochondriacal,  Affec'- 
tio  hypochondriacal  Anathymi' asis,  Hyperciue'sis 
gastrica,  Splenes,  Melancholia  nerveat  M.  flat  no' - 
sa,  M.  hypochondri'aca,  Suffoca'tio  hypockondri'- 
aca,  Morbus  flatuo'sus,  M.  erudite' rum,  Fomes  ren~ 
tric'uli,  Hypochondrism,  Hypo,  Spleen,  Vapours, 
English  Malady,  Low  Spirits,  (F.)  Hypochon- 
drie,  Maladie  imaginaire,  Maladit  Anglaise,  Af- 
fection vaporcuse,  Vapeurs.  This  disease  is  pro- 
bably so  called,  from  the  circumstance  of  some 
hypochondriacs  having  felt  an  uneasy  sensation 
in  the  hypochondriac  regions.  The  disease  seems 
really  to  be,  as  Pinel  has  classed  it,  a  species  of 
neurosis,  and  of  mental  alienation,  which  is  ob- 
served in  persons  who  in  other  respects  are  of 
sound  judgment,  but  who  reason  erroneously  on 
whatever  concerns  their  own  health.  Hypochon- 
driasis is  characterized  by  disordered  digestion, 
without  fever  or  local  lesion ;  flatulence ;  borbo- 
rygmi;  extreme  increase  of  sensibility;  palpita- 
tions; illusions  of  the  senses;  a  succession  of 
morbid  feelings,  which  appear  to  simulate  the 
greater  part  of  diseases;  panics;  exaggerated 
uneasiness  of  various  kinds ;  chiefly  in  what  re- 
gards the  health,  Ac  Indigestion  has  usually 
been  considered  the  cause  of  hypochondriasis. 
They  are,  unquestionably,  much  connected  with 
each  other :  but  there  is  every  reason  to  believe, 
that  the  seat  of  the  affection  is  really,  though 
functionally,  in  the  brain.  The  disease  almost 
always  appears  at  the  adult  age,  most  commonly 
in  irritable  individuals ;  and,  in  those  exhausted^ 
or  rather  in  the  habit  of  being  exhausted,  by 
mental  labour,  overwhelmed  with  domestio  or 
public  affairs,  Ac. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  however, 
be  accurately  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHONDRISM,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHOREMA,  Excrement 

HYPOCHORESIS,  Dejection,  Defecation,  Ex- 
crement. 

HYPOCHORETICTJS,  Cathartic 

HYPOCHYMA,  Cataract 

HYPOCHYROSIS,  Baryecoia. 

HYPOCHYSIS  H£MATODES,Hs9mopht)iaI- 
mia. 

HYPOCISTIS,  Cytinus. 

HYPOCLEP'TICUM,  from  '»»o,  'beneath/ 
and  k\sxtw,  'I  steal.'  A  ohymical  verse],  for- 
merly used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 

HYPOCCELIS,  Palpebra  inferior. 

HYPOCCELIUM,  Abdomen. 


HYPOCOBLTJM 


461 


HYPOPEDIUM 


HTPOCCELUM,  Hypoooilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 

BYPOCOl'LO^}HypoccB,lon,  Bupocce'lum,By- 
poSylum,  from  'vro,  '  under/  ana  xoiXor,  '  a  ca- 
vity.' A  cavity  situate  under  the  lower  eyelid. 
The  lower  eyelid  itaelf. 

HYPOCOPHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 

HYPOCRA'NIUM  (AposTBicA),from  '»n,  'un- 
der/ and  rpaviov,  *  the  cranium.'    A  collection  of 
pus  between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 
.     HYPOCYLUM,  Hypoooilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 

HYP0CY8TE0T0MIA,sec  Lithotomy. 

HYPODERIS,  Epideris. 

HYPODERMAT'OMY,ffypo<fermato«»^Vrom 
<r*»,  '  under/  Sep  pa,  '  the  skin/  and  ro/iir,  ' mc*- 
sion/  The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts,  as  of 
tendons  and  muscles. 

HYPODERMIS,  Clitoris,  Epideris. 

HYPODERRHIS,  Epideris. 

HYPODESMA,  Bandage. 

HYPODYNAMIC,  Adynamic 

HYPODYN'IA,  from  W,  'under/  and  oJw*, 
'pain.'    Dolor  mitts  seu  lenU.    A  slight  pain. 

HYPOOALA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOGASTRAL'GIA,  from  Snroyaerptw,  'the 
hypogastrium/  and  aXyot,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
hypogastrium. 

HYPOGASTRIC,  Hypogastrics.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  hypogastrium. 

Hypogastric  Artery,  A.  Hi'aca  inter' no,  A, 
Ili'aca  poste'rior,  A.pelvienne — (Ch.),  is  the  more 
internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  pri- 
mary iliao  divides.  It  descends  into  the  cavity 
of  the  pelvis,  and  gives  off  a  considerable  number 
of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times,  separately;  at 
others,  by  common  trunks.  These  branches  are, 
1.  The  posterior,  i.  e.  the  ilio-lumbar  arteries,  la- 
teral, sacral,  and  gluteal.  2.  The  anterior,  L  e. 
the  umbilical,  vesical,  and  obturator.  3.  The  in- 
ternal, the  middle  hemorrhoidal  arteries,  uterine, 
and  vaginal  in  women.  4.  The  inferior,  L  e.  the 
ischiatic  arteries,  and  internal  pudio. 

Htpogas'tric  Gan'gliost.  A  large  nervous 
ganglion,  described  by  Dr.  Robt.  Lee  as  seated 
on  each  side  of  the  cervix  uteri,  immediately  be- 
hind the  ureter;  which  receives  the  greater  num- 
ber of  the  nerves  of  the  hypogastric  and  sacral 
plexuses,  and  distributes  branches  to  the  uterus, 
vagina,  bladder,  and  rectum. 

Hypogastric  Operation  of  Lithotomy,  (P.) 
Taille  hypogastrique.  The  high  operation,  or 
that  practised  above  the  pubes. 

Hypogastric  Plzxvs,  Plexus  sous-misenttriau* 
of  Winslow,  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  bat  fond  of  the  blad- 
der. It  is  formed  by  the  sacral  nerves  and  the 
inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and  gives  off  numerous 
filaments,  which  accompany  the  arteries  that  pass 
to  the  rectum  and  genital  organs. 

Hypogastric  Vxnc  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 

HYPOGASTRION,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

HYPOGAS'TRIUM,  Hypogas'trion,  from  W, 
'under/  and  yacrijp,  'the  stomach  or  belly/ 
Etron,  tjrpov,  Venter  imus,  V.  parvus,  Aqualic'- 
ulus,  Sumen,  Rumen,  The  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. The  Bypogastrie  reaion,  Re' a  to  hypo- 
gas'trica  seu  hypogastric*,  whioh  extends  as  high 
as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath  the  umbilicus, 
is  divided  into  three  secondary  regions  —  one 
middle  or  pubic,  and  two  lateral  or  inguinal. 

HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  W,  'under/ 
yacrnp,  '  the  stomach  or  belly/  and  xn\n,  '  a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  in  the  hypogastric  region,  occur- 
ring through  the  separated  fibres  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  linea  alba.    See  Hernia,  hypogastric 

HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymu*  Sym- 
pkyohypogas'tricus,  Isehiopa'ges,  from  '»*©,  'un- 


der/ yaernp,  'the  belly/  and  SiSv/tof,  'a  twin.'  A 
monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
hypogastrium. — GurlL 

HYPOGASTRORIXIS,  Eventration. 

HYPOGLOSSA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS,  from  Wo,  'under/ 
yXwraa,  '  tongue/  aiiiv,  '  a  gland/  and  itis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Infiamma'tio  glandula'rum 
sublingua'liunu  Inflammation  of  the  sublingual 
gland. 

HYPOGLOSSIDIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIS,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSIUM,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra- 
nula. 

HYPOGLOS'SUS,  from  '»»•,  'under/  and 
yXvaaa,  '  the  tongue/  That  which  is  under  the 
tongue. 

HYP0GL08SU8,  Hypoglossal  Nerve,  Ntrf  Bypo- 
glosse  ou  Grand  Bypoglosse,  Bypoglossien  (Ch.), 
Lingual  N.,  Gustatory  N.,  Lingua'lis  Me'diut,  is 
the  ninth  pair  of  nerves  of  many  anatomists.  It 
arises  by  ten  or  twelve  very  fine  filaments  from 
the  grooves,  which  separate  the  corpora  pyrami- 
dalia  from  the  G.  olivaria;  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium by  the  foramen  oondyloideum  an  terras;  and 
divides,  near  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  into  two 
branches ;  the  one,  the  cervica'lis  deseendens  or 
deseen'dens  nonu  It  forms,  with  the  cervical 
plexus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch,  and  furnishes 
branches  to  several  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck. 
The  other,  the  lingual  branch,  is  the  continuation 
of  the  principal  trunk,  and  gives  its  numerous 
filaments  to  the  muscles  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. The  ninth  pair  communicates  motion  to 
the  muscles  to  whioh  it  is  distributed. 

HYPOGLOTTIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOTT'IDES,  (PILULE,)  Bypoglos'- 
sia,  Bypoalot'tia,  Bypoglos'sa,  Bypoglot'ta,  By- 
poglossid'ia,  PiVula  sublinguo/les.  Pills  placed 
under  the  tongue  to  dissolve  there. 

HYPOGLOTTIS,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLU'TIS,  from  *m,  'under/  and  yXw- 
to(,  '  the  nates/  The  lower  and  projecting  park 
of  the  nates. —  Gorneus. 

HYPOGNATHADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,^^'a&i<fciu'ft«, 
from  hypognathaden,  the  submaxillary  gland,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOLEPSIOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

HYPO'MIA,  from  'wo,  'under,  and  *pos,  'the 
shoulder/  The  projecting  part  of  the  shoulder. — 
Castelli,  Galen. 

Hypoxia,  Axilla. 

HYPOMNESIS,  Memory. 

BTPONARTBiCIE,  Hyponarike'cia,  from 
'vto,  'under/  and  vapOn^' a  splint.'  A  term  used 
by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating  fractures 
by  position  only,  —  the  limb  resting  upon  a  pro- 
perly cushioned  board  or  splint. 

HYPONEU'RIA,  from  'm,  'under/  and  m»- 
pov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  diminished  nervous 
energy. 

HYPON'OMOS,  Ulcus  subtus  depot1 cens,  from 
*vto,  '  under/  and  v«/iw,  '  I  feed.1  A  deep  fistula 
or  ulcer. 

HYPON'YCHON,  from  W,  'under/  and  owf, 
'the  nail/  Ecchymo'ma  Byponychon.  Effusion 
of  blood  under  a  naiL 

HYPOPATHI'A,  Subaffee'tio,  from  <**»,  'un- 
der/ and  nadof,  '  disease.7  A  disease  of  a  slight 
character. 

HYPOPATTJS,  Dejectio. 

HYPOPB'DIUM,  from  W,  'under/  and  mvf, 
'  the  foot,'    A  cataplasm  for  the  sole  of  the  foot. 


HTPOPHABIS 


462 


HYPOXYS  SBSCTA 


HYPOPH'ASIS,  from  '»«•>  'under/  and  *«<w#, 
'I  appear.'  The  state  of  the  eyes  in  which  the 
white  only  is  seen  through  the  opening  of  the 
eyelids.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHLEGMASIA,  Subinllammatio. 

HYPOPH'ORA,  from  W,  ' under/  and  ftp*, 
' 1  carry ;'  Ulcus  sinuo'svtm  sen  fistula?  sum.  A  fis- 
tulous ulcer. — Galen.    A  dejection. 

HYPOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from  S«,  'under/ 
and  sf&aXpos,  '  the  eye/  That  part  under  the  eye 
where  oedema  generally  commences  in  chronic 
diseases  and  in  cachexia. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract,  Epigone— h.  Cere- 
bri, Pituitary  gland. 

HYPOP'ITYS  LANUGINOSA,  American 
Pine-sap,  False  Beech-drops,  Birds'  Nest.  *  Indi- 
genous ;  flowering  from  June  to  August  Order, 
Ericaceae.  Used  as  a  nervine  in  the  form  of  the 
powdered  root 

HYPO'PIUM,  from  '»*©,  'under/  and  «if<, 
'eye/  The  part  of  the  face  under  the  eye :  —  a 
black  eye. 

Htpopium  Os,  Malss  os. 

HYPOPLASMA,  Hypinosis. 

HYPOPLAST^E'MA,  from  W,  'under/  *A<nr- 
rttof,  'formative/  and  'atpa,  'blood.'  Diminished 
plasticity  of  the  blood. 

HYPOPLEURIUS,  Pleura. 

HYPOPO'DIA,  Supplant  a' lia,  Suppeda'nea, 
from  'vvo,  'under/  and  mvs,  'the  foot'  Reme- 
dies, as  sinapisms,  which  are  applied  under  the 
foot 

HYPOP'YON,  Hypop'yum,  Hypophthal'mia, 
Pyophthal'mia,  Empye'sis  sen  fiiapye'sis  Oc'uli, 
Oe'ulus  purttlen'tus,  Lunella,  Hypog'ala,  Hypo- 
pyum  lac'teum,  Pyo'sis,  Abscessus  Oc'uli,  Parop'- 
sis  Staphylo'ma  purulentnm;  from  'viro,  'under,' 
and  rvov,  'pus;'  because  the  pus  is  under  the 
cornea.  This  name  has  been  given  to  small  ab- 
scesses between  the  laminae  of  the  cornea,  as  well 
as  to  different  purulent  collections  in  the  cham- 
bers of  the  eye ;  hence,  some  pathologists  have 
distinguished  Hypop'yon  of  the  chambers  from 
Hypop'yon  of  the  Cor'nea.  In  abscesses  of  the 
chambors,  the  purulent  matter 'is  mixed  with  the 
aqueous  humour,  which  it  renders  turbid j  and  is 
deposited  particularly  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
eye ;  forming  behind  the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish 
crescent,  that  rises  more  or  less  before  the  pupil, 
and  closes  it  entirely  or  in  part  It  requires  the 
use  of  local  and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sor- 
befacicnts.  At  times,  it  is  necessary  to  puncture 
the  cornea  and  evacuate  the  pus. 

HYPOPYUM  LACTEUM,  Hypopyon. 
'    HYPORIN'ION,    Hyporrhin'ium,   from   *v*o, 
'under/  and  piv,  'the  nose/    That  part  of  the 
beard  which  grows  beneath  the  nose.    The  mus- 
taches.   Also,  the  upper  lip. 

HYP0RRHYSI8,  Defluxion,  Prolapsus. 

HYPOS A'PR US,  Subputris,  Putresfcens.  Grow- 
ing putrid.     Slightly  putrid. 

HYPOS AR'CA,  from  W,  'under/  and  ea/>|, 
'  flesh/  Hyposarcid'ius,  Anasarca.  In  Linnets 
and  in  Cullon's  Nosology,  it  is  synonymous  with 
Physeonia. 

HYPOSARCIDIUS,  Anasarca,  Hyposarca. 

HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from  W,  'under/  and 
eapicoHTis,  'a  fleshy  growth/  A  small,  fleshy 
growth :  — a  wart.     . 

HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS,  from  '»iro,  'un- 
dnr,  o-iaywK,  '  the  jawbone/  apOpov,  '  a  joint,'  and 
it!$,  denoting  inflammation  ;  Infiamma'tio  artic'- 
vli  maxil'lce  inferio'ris.  Inflammation  of  the  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw. 
HYPOSIALADENITIS,  Hypognath adenitis. 


HYPOSPADIA,  from  Wo,  'under/  and  m», 
'  I  draw/  A  malformation,  in  which  the  canal 
of  the  urethra,  instead  of  opening  at  the  apex  of 
the  glans,  terminates  at  it*  base,  or  beneath  th« 
penis,  at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  sym- 
physis pubis.  When  the  orifice  of  the  urethra  is 
very  near  the  root  of  the  penis,  the  scrotum  is 
divided,  as  it  were,  into  two  great  labia;  and 
this  malformation  has  often  been  taken  for  a  ease 
of  hermaphrodism.  Hypospadias  is  ordinarily 
incurable ;  and  an  idea  has  been  entertained  that 
it  is  the  cause  of  impotence.  It  is  not  exactly 
so ;  but  it  renders  impregnation  less  probable. 

HYPOSPADIAS,  Hypospadias,  Hypospadi- 
as.   One  affected  with  hypospadia. 

HYPOSPHAG'MA,   from  'm,  'under/  and 
o<pa&, '  I  kill/    The  coagulated  blood,  which  is 
collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used  for 
food.    Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially  under 
the  conjunctiva. 
Htposphagma,  Hssmophthalmia. 
HYPOSTAPHYLE,  Staphyledema. 
HYPOSTAPHYLITIS,  Staphyledema. 
HYPOSTASES,  from  'wo, '  under/  and  <mun<y 
'  the  act  of  placing/    Morbid  depositions  in  the 
body. 
HYPOSTASIS,  Sediment 
HYPOSTATIC,  Hypostat'icus,  from  '»*•,  'un- 
der/ and  wans,  'stagnation/    Relating  to  hy- 
postases, sediments  or  depositions. 

Hypostatic  Hyperemia.  A  congestion  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  a  part  caused  by  its  de- 
pending position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment 
HYPOSTHENIC,  Contrastimulant 
HYPOS'TROPHE,  'vnoarpo^,  'change  of  po- 
sition/ from  'vto,  and  orpefta,  '  I  turn/     Act  of  a 
patient  turning  himself.   Also,  a  relapse  or  return 
of  a  disease.  —  Hippoc,  Foesius. 

HYPOSYPH'ILIS,  from  'm,  'under/  and 
Syphilis.    A  mild  form  of  syphilis. 

HYP0TH'ENAR,£«6'roJa,from  '„r»,  'under/ 
and  Stvap,  'the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole  of  the 
foot'    agpothenar  Eminence.    The  fleshy  projec- 
tion of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  little  finger,  and  is  supported 
by  the  fifth  metacarpal  bone.    This  eminence  is 
formed  of  four  muscles :  the  Palmaris  brecis,  Ad- 
ductor minimi  digiti,  Flexor  brtvis  minimi  di- 
giti,  and  Opponent  minimi  digiti.     The  name 
Hypothenar  has  also  been  given  to  different  mus- 
cles of  the  hand.   The  Hypothenar  min'imi  digiti 
of  Riolan  comprehended  the  Abductor,  flexor 
brevis  and  Opponent  minimi  digiti;  and  his  mus- 
cle, Hypothenar  pol'licis,  corresponded  to  the  Ab- 
ductor, and  a  portion  of  the  Flexor  brevis  poHicis. 
Winslow  called  muscle  petit  hypothfnar  on  hfpo- 
thtnar  du  petit  doigtf  the  Adductor  minimi  digiti* 
Htpothenab  Minimi  Digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti — h.  Minor  metacarpeus,  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti. 
HYPOTHETON,  Suppositorv. 
HYPOTHYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 
HYPOTHYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 
HYPO'TIUM,  (Emplastntm;)  from  *m,  'un- 
der/ and  ovc, '  the  ear/   Emplastntm  auricuia're  ; 
a  plaster  applied  behind  or  under  the  ear. 
HY  POT  ROPE,  Relapse. 
HYPOTROPH'IA.fromW,  'under/  and  r*ef*» 
'nourishment'  Scanty  nourishment,  or  nutrition. 
HYPOTROPIASMUS,  Relapse. 
nYPOTRYGUS,  Feculent 
HYPOUTRION,  Abdomen. 
HYPOX'YS  EREC'TA,  Stargrass;  indfe*. 


HYPOZOMA 


463 


HYSTEROLOGY 


nous ;  Order,  Amaryllidacese.  The  root  u  eaten, 
and  has  been  used  as  a  vulnerary ;  and  in  chronio 
ulcers  and  agues. 

HYPOZO'MA,  from  'm,  'under/  and  favvvpi, 
'  I  bind  round ;'  Membrana  euccin'gene.  A  mem- 
brane or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  diaphragm, 
Ac 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret 

HYPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYPSILODES,  OS,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYPSOPHO'NUS^om'^w,  «  high/  and  few, 
'voice/     One  who  has  a  clear  loud  Yoico. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

HYPTIASMA,  Supination. 

HYPTIAS'MOS,  from  'vma^  'I  lie  with  the 
face  upwards.'  Lying  in  a  supine  posture.  Also, 
inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea,  regurgi- 
tation, or  vomiting. — Hippocr.,  Galen. 

HYPU'LUS,  from  \wo,  and  ov\i),  'cicatrix/ 
Imperfectly  cicatrized. 

Ulcera  Hypu'la.  Ulcers  healed  at  the  top,  but 
Dot  at  the  bottom. 

HYRA'CEUM.  A  substance  found  in  the 
Cape  Colony,  which  Thunberg  and  other  travel- 
lers mistook  for  a  kind  of  bitumen ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Pappe,  it  is  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
the  Klipdae  or  Hyrax  Capeneie,  which,  when 
passed,  is  thick  and  of  a  glutinous  nature.  The 
animal  is  in  the  habit  of  evacuating  the  urine  at 
one  spot,  where  its  aqueous  parts  evaporate  in 
the  sun — the  more  tenacious  adhering  to  the 
rock  and  hardening. 

In  smell,  and  medical  properties,  it  most  re- 
sembles castor,  which,  according  to  Dr.  Pappe,  it 
may  replace.  It  is  used  by  the  Cape  farmers  in 
nervous  and  spasmodic  affections. 

HYRAX  CAPENSIS,  see  Hyraceum. 

HYRTOCHEILIDES,  Labia  pudendi. 

HYSSOP,  Hyssopus— h.  Hedge,  Gratiola  offi- 
cinalis. 

HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient  name  of  a  wine,  of 
whioh  hyssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and  which 
Diosoorides  extolled  in  chronio  inflammation  of 
the  chest.  It  was  regarded  as  diuretio  and  em- 
men  agogue. 

HYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Auob,  Cani'la, 
Hyeeopue  officina'lit,  Common  hyeeop.  It  has  been 
chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimulant,  and  pecto- 
ral, in  the  form  of  infusion. 

HYSTER A,  'vcrcpa,  'vmp*,  'the uterus.*  Hence  : 

Hystbra,  Seoundines. 

HY8TERAL'GIA,  Hyrterodyn'ia,  (F.)  Por- 
traiture, from  'varrtpa,  'the  uterus/  and  a\yoc, 
*  pain/  Pain  in  the  uterus.  Irritable  uterut,  (F.) 
Nivralqie  de  V uteri*.  Hippocrates  uses  the  epi- 
thet Hy%teraV  gee,  vortpaXyne,  for  any  thing  that 
excites  uterine  pain ;  and,  especially,  for  vinegar. 

Hysteralgia  Catarrh  a  lis,  Metrorrheuma — 
h.  Galactica,  Phlegmatia  alba  dolens — h.  Locbi- 
alis,  Dysloohia — h.  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma. 

HYSTERATRE'SIA,  from  W«w,  'the  ute- 
rus/ and  arpTjroi,  *  imperforate/  Imperforation 
of  the  os  uteri. 

HYSTERELCO'SIS,from  'wrtpa,  'uterus/ and 
r«X*of , '  an  ulcer/  U'teri  exulcera'tio,  Uteri  ulctu. 
Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTERELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

HYSTEREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTE'RIA,  H.  vaga,  Hytterici$'mu*,Hytteri9- 
mut,  Hyeteriae,  Hyeteri'arie,  HysteropathV  a,  By- 
percine'eia  uteri' na,  H.  hyete'ria,  Uteri  adecen'- 
tut,  Suffocy'tio  hyter'iea,  S.  vteri'na,  S.  MulW- 
rum,  Aethma  u'teri,  Prqfoca'tio  matri'cie  sen 
uteri' no,  Syspa'eia  hyeteria,  Malum  hytter'icu^f, 
M.  kyetericohypochondri'aeum,  Vapo're*  uteri' ni, 


Affec'tio  hyeter'ica,  Pateio  hyeterica,  Morbue  A*. 
eter'icue,  Strangula'tio  uteri'na,  *S'.  Vulva,  Yq- 
pours ,  Hyrter'ic;  Hyeteric  Jit,  (F.)  Hyttrie,  Mai 
de  Mire,  Maladie  imaginaire,  Paeeion  hyetirique, 
Suffocation  uttrine,  Etranglement,  Epileprie  uti- 
rine,  Vapeuro,  Manx  de  Aerfe,  from  *v9rspe,  'the 
uterus/  A  species  of  nenrosis,  classed  amongst  the 
spasmi  by  Sauvages  and  Cullen,  and  in  the  JVeV- 
roees  de  la  gSntration,  by  PineL  It  received  the 
name  of  hysteria,  because  it  was  reputed  to  have 
its  seat  in  the  uterus.  It  generally  occurs  in 
paroxysms;  the  principal  characters  of  which  con- 
sist in  alternate  fits  of  laughing  and  crying,  with 
a  sensation  as  if  a  ball  set  out  from  the  uterus 
and  ascended  towards  the  stomach,  chest,  and 
neck,  producing  a  sense  of  strangulation.  If  the 
attack  be  violent,  there  is,  sometimes,  loss  of  con- 
sciousness (although  the  presence  of  conscious- 
ness generally  distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and 
convulsions.  The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  irre- 
gularity of  nervous  distribution  in  very  impressi- 
ble persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  female ; 
for  well  marked  cases  of  hysteria  are  occasionally 
met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit,  —  dashing  cold 
water  on  the  face ;  stimulants  applied  to  the  nose 
or  exhibited  internally,  and  antispasmodics  form 
the  therapeutical  agents.  Exercise,  tranquillity 
of  mind,  amusing  and  agreeable  occupations  con- 
stitute the  prophylactics.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

Hysteria  Catalkptica,  Catalepsy — h.  Vaga, 
Hysteria. 

HYSTERIAS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERIASIS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICA,  see  Hysterical 

HYSTERICAL,  Hyeter'ieue,  Va'pourieh,  Va'- 
pouring,  (F.)  Hyte'rique.  Same  etymon  as  hys- 
terical.   Relating  to,  or  affected  with  hysteria. 

The  word  hysterica  was  used  by  Martial  for  a 
female  affected  with  nymphomania  or  with  strong 
sexual  desires. 

HYSTERICISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 

HYST&RIE,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERITES,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTERITIS,  Metritis,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTEROCARCINOMA,  Metrocarcinoma. 

HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  Wrpa,  'the  womb/ 
and  KfjXr),  '  hernia.'  Hernia  uteri,  Hernia  of  the 
womb.  This  is  a  rare  disease.  The  womb  may 
protrude  through  the  inguinal  or  the  crural  canal, 
or  through  the  lower  part  of  the  linea  alba. 

Htsterocelb  Nuda,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

HYSTEROCOLICA,  Colica  uterina. 

HYSTEROCNES'MUS;  from  'vortpa,  'uterus/ 
and  Kvijafioi,  'itching/  Pruritus  of  the  uterus  or 
genitals. 

HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTIC,  Hye'terocy'ticue,  from 
'vffrcpa,  'the  uterus/  and  mums,  'the  bladder/ 
Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bladder.  Some  au- 
thors have  called  Hytero-cvetic  Retention  of  urine, 
that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression  of  the 
bladder  by  the  uterus,  during  pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCB'LE,  from  'vvrcpa,  'the 
womb,'  mums, '  the  bladder,'  and  rqAty, '  a  tumour/ 
Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated  with  displace- 
ment of  the  bladder. 

HYSTERODYNIA,  Hysteralgia. 

HYSTERCEDEMA,  Hydrometra. 

HYS'TEROID,  Hytero'dee,  Hyteroi'dee,  from 
'  hyeteria/  and  ti&os,  'resemblance/  Resembling 
hysteria; — as  a  hysteroid  disease,  symptom,  As. 

HYSTEROL'OGY,  Hyterolog"ia,  from  'verqa, 
'the  uterus/  and  \oyoa  ' a  description/  A  trea- 
tise on  the  sound  and  morbid  uterus. 


HYSTEROLOXIA 


464 


IATROTECHNA 


HYSTEROLOX'IA,  HystereW  sis,  Oliq'uitas 
u'teri,  Situ*  obli'quus  uteri,  Ftexio  sen  Yersio  iu- 
complt'ta  uteri,  Inclina'tio  uteri,  Metroloxfia,  Me- 
trocamps'is,  Uterus  obli'quus,  U.  Inclina'tus ;  from 
'vertoa,  'the  uterus/  and  Xo^os,  'oblique.'  An 
oblique  position  of  tbe  uterus,  occurring  during 
pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the  uterus,  Hystero- 
vxtfia,  anterior,  Anteversio  uteri,  Prona'tio  uteri, 
Venter  propendens  ;  and  Retroversion  of  the  ute- 
rus, Hysterolox' ia  posterior,  Retrover'sio  uteri, 
Reflex' io  uteri  complete*,  are  varieties. 

HYSTEROMALA'CIA,iTy«feromatoco'm,  Hy- 
steromalaoo'ma,  Metromalaco'sis,  Metromalaco'ma, 
Malaeo'sis  uteri,  EmoUit,ries  uteri  morbosa,  Pw 
trescen'tia  u'teri  grav'idi,  from  'varcpa,  '  the  ute- 
rus/ and  uaXaKyi,  'softness.'  Softness  of  the  ute- 
rus during  pregnancy,  which  renders  it  liable  to 
rupture  in  labour. 

HYSTEROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalada. 

HYSTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

HYSTEROMOCHLIUM,  Lever. 

HYSTERON'CUS,  from  Wipa,  'the  uterus/ 
and  oytos,  '  tumour.'  Tumor  uteri,  A  tumour  of 
the  uterus. 

HYSTERO-PARAI/YSIS,  from  'vertsa,  'the 
uterus/  and  vapeXvets,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of 
the  uterus. 

HYSTEROPATHI'A,  from  'verts*,  'the  ute- 
rus/ and  ratio;, '  suffering.'  Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  uterus.   Also,  hysteria,  and  deuteropathia. 

HYSTEROPHYSE,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPH'YSIS,  from  'verts*,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  <pvav,  '  wind.'  Distention  of  the  uterus 
with  air ;  Emphysema  uteri. 

HYSTEROPLEGIA,  Hysteroparalyns. 

HYSTEROPOLYPUS,  Metropolypus. 

HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from  'verts*,  'the  womb/ 
and  rmaas, '  fall ;'  Prolapsus  uteri.  Also  Inversio 
uteri,  Anas' trophi  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a 
protrusion  of  any  of  the  genital  organs  or  of  ex- 


crescences from  them  into  the  genital  passages ; 
jEdoptosis. 

Hystkroptosib,  Prolapsus  uteri — h.  Vagina* 
prolapsus,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

HYSTERORRHAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me- 
torrhagia. 

HY8TERORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

HYSTERORRHCEA,  Metrorrhagia— h.  Mu- 
cosa, Leucorrhcea. 

HYSTEROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

HYSTEROSCIRRHUS,  Metroscirrhus. 

HYS'TEROSCOPE, from  'verts*,  'the  ut«rus/ 
and  eKoxtu,  '  I  view.'  A  metallic  mirror,  used  in 
inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri  for  throwing 
the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of  the  speculum 
uteri. — Colombat  de  l'Isere. 

HYSTEROSTOMA,  Os  uterL 

HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'verts*,  'the 
womb/  eroua,  '  orifice/  and  rtuvttv,  '  to  cut.'  An 
instrument  invented  by  Coutouly  for  dividing  the 
os  uteri,  when  it  is  important  to  deliver  immedi- 
ately, as  in  cases  of  convulsions. 

HYSTEROSTOMIUM,  Os  uteri. 

HYBTEROTOM'IA,  Hysterotomy.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Hysterotomy.  Cesarean  section.  Also, 
disseotion  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA,  Cesarean  section. 

HYSTEROT'OMUS,  from  'verts*,  '  the  womb/ 
and  rtuvuv,  '  to  cut'  An  instrument  for  dividing 
the  womb  through  the  vagina.  It  is  a  kind  of 
Bistouri  cache*,  and  is  intended  to  divide  the  cer- 
vix uteri. 

HYSTREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTRIASIS,  Hystriciasis. 

HYSTRICI'ASIS,  HystrVasis,  ffys'trut,  Hys- 
tricWmus,  Oerostro'sis,  Trieho'sis  seto'sa,  from. 
'voreoit,  'a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A  disease 
of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect  like  the 
quills  of  the  poroupine. 

HYSTRICISMTJS,  Hystrieiaek. 

HYSTRIX,  Hystriciasis. 

HYVES,  Hives. 


I. 


TAMA,  Medicament. 

IAMATOLOGY,  Materia  mediea. 

IAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

IAMATOSYNTAXIS,  see  Composition. 

IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescription. 

IASIMOS,  Curable. 

IASIS,  Curation. 

IATERIA,  Medicina. 

IATERIUS,  Medicinal. 

IATRALEIP'TICE,  Iatraliptici  (Are),  Iatra- 
leiptie  method}  same  etymon.  The  method  of 
treating  diseases  adopted  by  the  Iatraleiptes,  — 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

IATRALEP'TES,  IatnxUip'tes,  Tatralip'ta,  la- 
troleip'tes,  Med'icus  Unguenta'rius ;  from  larpos, 
'a  physician/  and  e\ti<f>i*,  'I  anoint'  One  who 
treats  diseases  by  unguents,  frictions,  and  by  ex- 
ternal means  generally.  Prodious,  a  disciple  of 
JJsculapius,  was  the  ojiief  of  the  Iatraleptes. 

IATRALIPTES,  Iatraleiptes. 

IATRALIPTICE,  Iatraleiptioe. 

IATREUSIOLOG"IA,  from  tarpnett,  'the  ex- 
ercise of  the  art  of  healing/  and  \eyog,  'a  de- 
motion.' The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of  the 
healing  art — Reil. 

IATREUSIS.   The  exercise  of  the  healing  art 


IATRIA,  Medicine. 

IATRICE,  Medicina, 

IATRI'NE,  Medicina.  Also,  a  female  practi- 
tioner of  medicine ;  a  midwife. 

IATRFON,  Iatrefon,  IUtron.  The  house  or 
office  of  a  physician  or  surgeon.  Also,  the  phy- 
sician's fee  or  honorarium. 

IATROCHEMIA,  Chymiatria. 

IATROCHTMIA,  Chymiatria. 

lATROGNOM'ICA, /afroynom't  c*7  from  utrpt, 
'  a  physician/  and  yivo<r*», '  I  know.'  A  know- 
ledge of  medical  objects. — HufelancL 

IATROLEIPTES,  Iatraleiptes. 

IATROLOG"IA,  Iatrol'ogy,  from  terse*,  'a 
physician/  and  \oyos,  '  a  description.'  A  treatise 
on  physio  and  physicians. 

IATRO- MATHEMATICAL  PHYSICIANS, 
latromathemat'ici.    Mechanical  physicians. 

IATROMECHANICI,  Mechanical  physician*. 

IATRON,  Iatrion. 

IATROPHYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 

IATROSOPHIS'TA,from  isrset,  'a physician/ 
and  esstierns,  '  one  skilled  in  an  art  or  science.' 
A  learned,  or  theoretically  educated  physician. 

IATROTECH'NA,  Iatroteck'ne*  y  from  cere** 


IATROTECHNICB 


465 


IDEA 


'  a  physician/  and  rtxtn, '  art'    A  practical  phy- 
sician or  surgeon. 

IATROTECHNICE,  Medicina,  Therapeutics. 
I  AT  R  US,  Physician;  also,  a  surgeon. 
IBERIS,  Lepidiuin  iberis. 
Ibb'bis  Ama'ra,  Bitter  candytuft,  (F.)  Paste- 
rage.    A  small  herbaceous  plant,  Ord.  Craciferse, 
indigenous  in  Europe,  which  was  employed,  of 
old,  in  gout,  rheumatism,  Ac.  The  seeds  hare  been 
used,  in  the  dose  of  one  to  three  grains,  in  asthma, 
bronchitis,  dropsy,  and  hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 
It  is  said  to  possess  acro-narcotio  properties ;  but 
it  is  not  much  used. 

Iberis  Bursa  Pastoris,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  L 
Campestris,  Thlaspi  campestre — i.  Sophia,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

IBICUIBA,  Becuiba,  Becuiba  mix.  A  species 
of  nut  from  Brazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of  which 
is  ranked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

IBIS,  ipts.  A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  Egyp- 
tians. When  sick,  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  wont 
to  inject  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fundament: 
whence,  according  to  Langius,  was  learned  the 
use  of  glysters. 

IBISOHA  MISMALVA,  AlthaBa. 

IBISCUS,  Althfsa. 

IBIXUMA,  Saponaria. 

ICE,  Sax.  ir,  Ola'cies,  Frozen  tenter,  (F.)  Glace. 
Ieed  water  is  much  used  internally,  as  the  best 
refrigerant  in  fever.  It  is,  also,  applied  exter- 
nally, in  cases  of  external  inflammation,  as  well 
as  in  phrenitio  and  hernial  affections,  Ac. 

ICE-COLD,  Icy  cold,  (F.)  Froid  glacial  A 
yery  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
by  the  patient  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
by  the  application  of  pieces  of  ioe. 

ICELAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Hot 
springs  are  found  in  every  part  of  Iceland.  The 
most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser,  two 
days'  journey  from  Heola,  and  near  Skalholt 
The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  59  feet;  and  the 
height  to  which  the  water  is  thrown  is  often  more 
than  100.    The  heat  of  the  water  is  212°. 

ICE- PLANT,  Mesembryanthemum  orystalli- 
num,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

ICHNUS,  ixyot.  The  foot  The  sole  of  the  foot 
The  heel. 

ICHOR,  ix»p,  Iehos.  The  serum  of  the  blood, 
Sanies,  Sordes,  Virtu,  Put  malig'num,  Tabwn. 
A  thin,  aqueous,  and  acrid  discharge. 

ICHOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

ICH'OROUS,  Ichoro'sus,  Ichorox'det,  Sanio'- 
eus,  Sa'niout.    Belonging  to  or  resembling  ichor. 

ICHTHYA,  Hook,  blunt 

ICHTHYOCOL'LA,  from  iX*vs,  'a  fish/  and 
ffoAAa,  'glue/  Colla  Pit'cium,  Psinglatt,  Fish- 
glue,  (F J  Ichthyocolle,  Colle  de  Poisson.  A  name 
given  to  the  dried  fish-bladder  of  the  Acipenser 
huso,  and  other  species  of  acipenser,  whioh  is  al- 
most wholly  composed  of  gelatin,  and  is  employed 
in  medicine  in  the  formation  of  nutritive  jellies. 
It  is,  also,  occasionally  used  in  anatomical  injec- 
tions.   The  English  Court  Platter  is  made  with  it 

ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS,  Ichthyoph'agi,  from 
i%$v<>  '  a  fish/  and  6ayw,  '  I  eat'  People  who 
feed  habitually  on  fish ; — generally  the  most  un- 
civilised of  mankind. 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorous. 

ICHTHYOSE,  Ichthyosis. 

ICHTHYOSIS,  from  iX$v*  'a  fish/  from  the 
resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a  fish.  Le- 
pido'sis  Ichthyi'osis,  Lepra  Ichthyo'sis,  Lepidot- 
»is  Ichthyo'tis,  Alvaras  nigra  (Arab.),  Impeti'go 
excorticati'va,  (F.)  Ichthyote ;  Fishtkin,  Porcu- 
pine Disease.  A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly, 
and,  in  some  cases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the 
integuments  of  the  body,  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder.  Willan  and  Bateman  hare  two 
30 


varieties,  /.  simplex  and  /.  cornea.  Alibert  hat 
three,  the  /.  nacrle  or  pearly,  the  /.  cornSe,  and 
the  /.  pellagre  or  Pellagra. 
Ichthyosis  Pellagra,  Pellagra. 
Ichthyosis  Seba'cea,  Seba'ceout  Ichthyo'tis. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  a  concrote  sebaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis,  con- 
founded, according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with  ich- 
thyosis, to  which  it  bears  a  close  resemblance. 
In  many  oases  there  is  neither  redness  nor  heat 
nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied  by  consti- 
tutional symptoms. 

ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM,  from  tX**s,  'a  fish/ 
and  TotiKtv,  'a  poison.'    Fish  poison. 

I'CICA  ARACOUCHFNI.  Aracouchini  is  a 
balsam,  extracted  by  incision,  from  this  tree  in 
Guyana.    The  Galibis  use  it  for  healing  wounds* 

Icica  Icicariba,  see  Amyris  elemifera. 

IOT&RE,  Icterus  —  t.  Bleu,  Cyanopathy  —  t. 
dee  Nouveau-nit,  Icterus  infantum  —  i.  Noire, 
Melaena. 

ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re- 
lapse. 

ICTERICTJS,  Antiieterio.  Also,  relating  to, 
or  resembling  Icterus, — Ictero'des. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chlorosis— I  Flava,  Icte- 
rus— i.  Rubea,  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra,  Erysipelas. 

ICTERODES,  Icterious. 

ICTERUS,  Ic'terut  fiavus,  I.  terus,  from  ijctij, 
a  species  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yellow  (?) 
Morbus  arena' tut  vel  arqua'tus,  Auru'go,  Auri'go, 
Morbus  regius,  Morbus  lute'olusf  Cholelith'ia  icte- 
rus, Cholince'mia,  Chola'tnia,  Cholopla'nia,  Cho- 
lo'sit,  Dermatocholo'sis,  Stiffu'sio  aurigino'sa  seu 
fellie  sen  bih's,  Icteritia  fiata,  Il'eusflavus,  I.  Ic- 
teroldes,  Cachex'ia  icter'ica,  Fellie  svffu'sio,  FeU 
lis  obstruc'tio,  F.  Superfu'sio,  Bil'ious  Dyscraty, 
Jaundice,  Yellotet,  (F.)  Ictere,  Jaunisse,  Bile  ri- 
pandue.  A  disease,  the  principal  symptom  of 
which  is  yellowness  of  tbe  skin  and  eyes,  with 
white  faeces  and  high-coloured  urine.  It  admits 
of  various  causes ;  in  fact,  any  thing  which  can 
directly  or  indirectly  obstruct  the  course  of  the 
bile,  so  that  it  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and 
produces  the  yellowness  of  surface ;  —  the  bile 
being  separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 
of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  reaching  the 
intestine  occasions  the  pale-coloured  faces.  The 
prognosis,  in  ordinary  cases,  is  favourable; — when 
complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  unfavourable. 
The  treatment  is  simple:  —  an  emetic  or  purga- 
tive, given  occasionally  so  as  to  elicit  the  return 
of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary  channels ;  light  tonics; 
unirritating  diet;  cheerful  company,  Ac. 

Icterus  Albus,  Chlorosis. 

Icterus  Infan'tum,  J.  Neonatorum,  JW»cf/- 
ems,  Auri'go  neophyto'rum,  Yellow  gum,  Yellow 
gown,  (F.)  Ictlre  des  nouveatt-nis,  is  a  common 
affection  and  frequently  dependent  upon  obstruc- 
tion of  the  choledoch  duct  by  the  meconium.  It 
requires  time ;  and  castor  oil,  occasionally. 

Icterus  Melas,  Melsana — L  Neonatorum,  L 
infantum — L  Niger,  Melama. 

Icterus  Saturni'iJus,  Lead  Jaundice.  The 
eartby-yellow  hue  in  saturnine  cachexy. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS,  Dracontium  fcetidnm. 

ICTUS.  'A  stroke  or  blow/  Plegi,  Plaga, 
Ictus  soli;  a  stroke  of  the  sun.  See  Coup  de  so- 
ldi. Ictus,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an  artery, 
and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis  et  arteriarum,  Pulse  — 
i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy — i.  Soils,  Coup  de  soleiL 

IDE'A,  rdea,  Ido'lum,  Ideach  (?  Paracelsus) 
(F.)  Idte.  The  image  or  representation  of  an 
object  in  the  mind;  from  ufa,  'I  see.' 

Idb'a,  Fixed  or  PREDOM'nrAXT,  rdea  fiaoa, 
Ideopeg'ma.  Tension  of  the  mind  on  one  notion; 
often  observed  in  insanity. 


TDEACH 


4M 


ILBO 


I'dea  Morbl   Knowledge  or  idea  of  a  disease. 

IDEACH,  Idea. 

IDEAGENOUS,  Sentient 

IDE'AL,  Idea'lis.    Mental,  notional,  fancied. 

Morbi  ideates.  Ideal  diseases.  Diseases  of 
the  imagination. 

ID&E,  Idea. 

IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL),  Iden'titas,  from 
idem,  '  the  same.'  Sameness.  It  is  sometimes  a 
question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon  per- 
sonal identity :  that  is,  whether  an  individual  be 
the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be.  Physical 
marks  form  the  great  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolog"ia,  from  u&ts,  'I  see/ 
and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellectual  philosophy. 

IDEOPEGMA,  Idea,  fixed. 

IDEOSYNCHYSIE,  Delirium. 

IDIANCEA,  Idiotism. 

IDIOCRASIS,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDIOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

IDIOPATHIC,  Idiopathei'a,  Protopathi'a, 
Pro'prius  affectus,  Morbus  idiopath'icns  seu  pro- 
prius  seu  prima'rius  seu  protttpath' icus  seu  ori- 
gina'lis,  Malum  prima'rium,  from  «Jw«, '  peculiar, 
proper/  and  ira$os,  'an  affection/  A  primary 
disease ;  one  not  depending  on  any  other. 

IDIOPATHIC,  Pro'prio  kab'itu  seu  Constitu- 
tio'ni  pro'prid  pendens,  Idiopath'icus,  Idiop'a- 
ikes.  Primary  affections  and  their  symptoms  are 
10  denominated. 

IDIOPTCY,  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOPTS,  see  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOSYNCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i.  Haemor- 
rhagica,  Haunatophilia —  L  Olfactoria,  Parosmia. 

IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioe'rasy,  Idiosyn'erasis, 
Idiosyncra'sia,  Idiotroph'ia,  Idioc'rasis,  Idiosyn- 
eris'ia,  from  iSiog,  'peculiar/  evv,  'with/  and 
Kpaeis,  '  temperament'  A  peculiarity  of  consti- 
tution, in  which  one  person  is  affected  by  an 
agent  which,  in  numerous  others,  would  produce 
no  effect  Thus  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  pro- 
duce urticaria  in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyn- 
crasies.    Others  faint  at  the  sight  of  blood,  Ac. 

ID'IOT,  Idio'ta,  'foolish,  stupid,  ignorant' 
Now  used  for  one  who  is  fatuous,  or  who  does 
not  possess  sufficient  intellectual  faculties  for  the 
social  condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
danger,  —  Homo  fat' wit.  In  law,  one  who  has 
been  without  understanding  from  his  birth,  and 
whom  the  law  presumes  to  be  never  likely  to  at- 
tain any. 

IDIOTIA,  Idiotism. 

IDIOTIE,  Idiotism. 

ID'IOTISM,  Idiotis'mus,  Idioti'a,  Idianos'a, 
Imbeeil'litas  mentis;  Mo'ria  dement,  Ance'a,  Mo'- 
ria, Moro'sis,  Meio'sis,  Fotu'itas,  Amen'tia,  Stu- 
pid'ita*,  Vecor'dia,  Imbecill'itas  Inge' nit,  Id'iocy, 
Id'iotcy,  Fatu'ity.  (F.)  Dtmence  innie,  Idiot  time, 
Idiotic.  Same  etymon.  A  species  of  unsound 
mind,  characterised  by  more  or  less  complete  ob- 
literation of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties. 
It  may  supervene  on  mania  and  melancholia, 
when  it  is  termed  Demen'tia,  but  more  commonly 
it  depends  upon  original  conformation.  It  may 
also,  be  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
brain,  which  has  come  on  after  birth.  Idiotism 
exists  in  various  degrees.  Some  idiots  are  mere 
automata,  exhibiting  scarcely  any  sensibility  to 
external  impressions ;  others  are  capable  of  arti- 
culating a  few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental 
emotions  to  a  limited  extent  The  physiognomy 
is  usually  vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost  al- 
ways incurable ;  but  it  may  often  be  palliated. 

IDIOTISME,  Idiotism. 
fDIOTROPHIA,  Idiosyncrasy, 


IDOLTJM,  Hallucination,  Idea. 
IDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
IF,  Taxus  baccata. 
IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
IGDE,  Mortar. 
IGDIS.  Mortar. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA,  Stryehnos  Tgna'tii,  Ig- 
natia'na  Philippin' ica.    The   systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  affords  Sit.  Ignatius'*  Bean. 
Faba  In'dica,  Faba  Sancti  Igna'tii,  Fabafebtif- 
uga,  (F.)  Ignatie,  Five  de  Saint  Ignace.     The 
seeds  are  bitter  and  poisonous,  containing  Strych- 
nia; which  see. 
ION  A  TIE,  Ignatia  amara. 
IGNAVIA,  Inertia— L  seu  Ignavitas  partium 
genitalium,  Impotence. 
IGNIS, 'fire.'    Hence: 
Ignis  Actualis,  Cauterinm — L  Animalis,  Ani- 
mal heat 

Ignis  Cai/idu8.     'A  hpt  fire.'    A  violent  in- 
flammation, about  to  degenerate  into  gangrene. 
Ignis  Columella,  Erysipelas. 
Ignis  Friq"idus.    'A  cold  fire.'    Sphacelus. 
Ignis  Naturalis,  Animal  heat 
Ignis  Persicus,  Anthrax,  Herpes  zoster — L 
Philosophicus,  Phosphorus  —  L  Potentialis,  tee 
Cauterium — i.  Sacer,  Erysipelas,  Herpes  zoster — 
i.  Sancti  Antonii,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Sapien'tiux.  The  ancient  name  for  the 
heat  of  horses'  dung. 

Ignis  Stltat'icus,  /.  sylves'tris,  I.  volat'icta, 
I.  vola'grius,  Strophulus  sylves'tris,  S.  ro&tf'tV**, 
(F.)  Feu  sauvage,  F.  vohtge,  Flamboise*  Proba- 
bly, the  Porri'go  larva' Iti  or  Crusta  lactea  of  in- 
fants. Also,  a  transient  redness  of  the  face  and 
neck,  sometimes  observed  in  hysterical  and  chlo- 
rotic  females. 

Ignis  Syltestrts,  I.  sylvaticus  — i.  Vital*, 
Animal  heat — i.  Volagrius,  L  sylvaticus — i.  Yo- 
laticus,  I.  sylvaticus. 
IGNIVOROUS,  Pyrophagus. 
IGNYE,  Poples. 
IGNYS,  Poples. 
ILAPHIS,  Arctium  lappa. 
ILEA,  Flanks. 

ILECH,  Y'leeh,  Jlei'as,  Ilias'ter,  Ylin'ter,  Eli- 
as'ter,  Ilias'trum,  Ilei'ados,  Ilei'dos,  Ilei'admm, 
Ili'adu*.    Terms  used  by  Paracelsus  to  desig- 
nate the  first  matter :  —  the  beginning  of  OTery 
thing. 
ILEIADOS,  Hech. 
ILEIADUM,  Hech. 
ILEIAS,  Hech. 
ILEIDOS,  Hech. 

ILEi'TIS;  from  iUum,  'the  intestine  itana,' 
an d  itit,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.     Inflam- 
mation of  the  ileum. 
ILEO-CHOLOSIS,  Diarrhoea,  bilious. 
IL'EO-COLIC,  Ileo-col'ieus.    Relating  to  the 
ileum  and  colon : — as  the  ileo- colic  valve  or  valve 
of  Bauhin. 
ILEO-COLITIS,  Enteritis. 
ILEO-DICLIDITE,  see  Typhne. 
ILEO-LUMBAR,  IUo-lumba'lts,  IKo-lmmWrU. 
Belonging  to  the  ilium  and  lumbar  region. 

Ileo- lumbar  Artery,  Uto-lumbar  artery,  JK- 
aco-mus'cular,  (Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  hypogas- 
tric, opposite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  It  ascends 
behind  the  psoas  muscle,  and  divides  into  tire 
branches ; — an  ascending  and  a  transverse,  wkicfi 
give  off  numerous  ramifications  to  the  neighbour- 
ing parts. 

Ilbo-luitbar  Ligament,  Ilio-lumbar  Liefer 
ment,  Ilio-lumbo-ver'tebral  ligament.  Ft  if  An  . 
iliac  ligament,  is  a  broad,  membraniform,  trian- 
gular ligament,  extending  hori ton  tally  from  the 
transverse  process  of  the  5th  lumbar  vertebrae  ts 


ILBON 


4$r 


ILIASTRUM 


the  upper  and  posterior  part  of  the  iliac  crest  It 
unites  the  vertebral  column  with  the  pelvis. 

IL'EON,  IVeum,  EiVeon,  Il'ium,  Intesti'num 
exreumvolu'tnm,  from  ctA«»,  '  to  turn/  '  to  twist/ 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion   of  the  small  intestine,  which  extends 
from  the  jejunum  to  the   caecum.     It  was   so 
called,  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  convolutions. 
ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 
ILEOSIS,  Ileus. 
ILE0-TYPHU8,  see  Typhus. 
ILES,  Flanks. 

IL'EUS,  Eil'eos,  from  ctXtu,  'I  twist  or  con- 
tract.' Co'lica  Ileus,  Enterele' sia,  Enterele' sis, 
Colica  spasmod'ica,  Ileus  spasmod'icus,  Chordap'- 
sus,  Passio  Hi'aca,  Iliac  Petition,  Vol' villus,  Ilecf- 
sis,  Misere'rl  mei,  Convol'vulus,  Tormen'tum,  In- 
tercep'tio  Intestino'rum,  Entsrosteno'sis  volvulus, 
(F.)  Colique  de  Mislricorde,  C.  de  Miserere.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  of  the 
abdomen,  stercoraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate 
constipation.  It  is  occasioned  by  hernia  or  other 
obstruction  to  the  passage  of  the  faeces  through 
a  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  Enterosto' sis.  The 
term  Ileus  has  been  applied  to  various  affections 
— to  simple  nervous  colic,  intussusception,  and  to 
strangulation  of  the  small  intestine,  Ac.  Various 
remedies  have  been  employed  ; — the  majority  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  alvine  evacuations, — as 
purgatives,  in  draught,  pill,  or  glyster;  supposi- 
tories, tobacco  glysters;  pure  mercury;  leaden 
bullets;  antispasmodics  and  narcotics;  blisters 
to  the  epigastrium ;  ice  by  the  mouth,  or  injected 
into  the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasion- 
ally, succeeded,  —  especially  the  tobacco  glyster, 
and  ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  has  been 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ileus  Flaws,  Icterus — i.  Ieteroides,  Ioterus 
— i.  Inflammatorius,  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQtflFO'LIUM.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Holly,  Aquifo'lium,  Agrifo' Hum, 
(F.)  Houx,  H.  commun  ou  Chine  vert.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  as  tonic, 
astringent,  and  antiseptic,  and  have  been  pre- 
scribed in  atonic  gout;  intermitients ;  dyspepsia, 
Ac.  Il'icine,  the  active  principle,  has  also  been 
advised.  It  is  obtained  by  dissolving  the  alco- 
holic extract  of  the  leaves  of  the  holly  in  water, 
and  successively  treating  it  with  the  snbaoetate 
of  lead,  sulphuric  acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
The  filtered  and  evaporated  product  is  then  dis- 
solved in  alcohol ;  and  the  mixture  filtered  and 
evaporated  in  shallow  vessels. 
Ilex  Casbine,  Bex  vomitoria. 
Ilex  Major.  From  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  JBeUotas,  a  juice  may  be 
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommended 
by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough,  hae- 
moptysis, Ac. 
Ilex  Mate,  Ilex  paraguensis. 
Ilex  Opa'ca,  American  Holly,  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  States.  It 
i»  said  to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Eu- 
ropean variety. 

Ilex  Paraguzn'sib,  Vibur'num  laviga'tum  seu 
Cassinoi'des,  Cassi'ne  Peracfua  seu  Carolinia'na, 
I.  Matl;  a  native  of  Paraguay,  which  affords 
the  celebrated  Mattee,  or  Mati,  Folia  Apalachi- 
nes  seu  Per'agua,  is  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese 
tea  by  the  people  of  Paraguay. 

Ilbx  Vomito'ria,  Ilex  CarPne,  Cassi'na,  Da- 
hoon  holly,  Apalach'ini  Gallia,  South-Sea  Tea, 
Evergreen  Cassi'ne",  Cassee'na,  Taupon,  Topon, 

(F.)  h -      .    .  . . 

lachine. 


Wergreen  Cassi'nl,  Cassee'na,  Taupon,  Topon, 
IP.)  Thi  dee  Apalaches,  Houx  Apalachine,  Apa- 
ichine,  Thi  de  la  Met  du  Sud.    A  tree,  indige- 


nous in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 
The  leaves,  when  dried,  are  aromatic,  stimulant, 
stomachic,  and  expectorant,  and  are  used  as  a 
tea.  When  fresh,  they  are  emetic  and  cathartic 
ILIA,  Flanks. 

ILIAC,  Ili'aeus,  from  Ilia,  'the  flanks.'  Re- 
lating to,  or  connected  with,  the  flanks. 

Iliac  Arteries,  Arte'rim  Iliac*.  This  term 
has  been  given  to  several  arteries.  The  Primary 
Macs,  (F.)  A.  Hiaques  primitives, — Pelvicrurales, 
(Ch.)  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  aorta,  op- 
posite the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra,  and 
descend,  in  a  divergent  manner ;  until,  opposite 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis,  they  divide  into  two 
considerable  trunks, — the  internal  Iliac  or  hypo* 
gastric  (which  see}  and  the  external  Iliac — Por- 
tion Iliaque  de  la  crurale,  (Ch.)  This  proceeds 
from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as  far  as  the  crural 
arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name  Femoral  Artery, 
Before  passjng  under  the  arch  it  gives  off  two 
pretty  considerable  branches, — the  Epigastric, 
and  the  Circumjlexa  Ilii.  This  last,  which  is 
called,  also,  anterior  Iliac  by  some  anatomists, — 
Circonfiexe  de  C  Ilium;  (Ch.)  leaves  the  external 
iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  iliacus  muscle,  and  divides  into 
two  branches — an  internal  and  an  external. 

The  Iliaca  Inter' na  Minor  vel  Ilio-lumbal'is  if 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric ;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
gluteal.  It  is  Bent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and  ilia- 
cus internus  muscles. 

Iliac  Crest,  Crista  Il'ii,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crite  Iliaque.  It  is  very  thick, 
and  curved  like  the  Italic  S.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

Iliac  Fosses  are  two  in  number ;  the  internal, 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its  inte- 
rior, and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the  Iliacus 
internus  is  lodged : — and  the  external,  an  excava- 
tion on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same  bone,  occu- 
pied by  the  Glutei  muscles. 

Iliao  Muscle,  Internal,  lli'acus  internus 
Muscle,  Iliacus,  Uiaco-trochanUrien  (Ch.) :  Fe- 
mur moven'tium  sep'timus,  Iliac  mnscle,  is  situate 
in  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  at  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated,  tri- 
angular; and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  internal  part 
of  the  iliao  crest : — below,  it  terminates  by  a  ten- 
don, which  is  common  to  it  and  the  psoas  mag- 
nus,  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser  trochanter.  When' 
this  muscle  contracts,  it  bends  the  pelvis  on  the 
thigh,  and  conversely.  It  is  also  a  rotator  of  the 
thigh  outwards,  and  prevents  the  trunk  from 
falling  backwards. 
Iliac  Passion,  Ileus. 

Iliac  Regions,  Regio'nes  ili'aca,  Inan'ia,  are 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  between  the  ribs  and 
the  hips. 

Iliac  Spines,  Spinous  Proc" esses  of  the  Hium, 
are  four  in  number.  They  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  Of  the  anterior,  one  is 
superior.  It  bounds  the  crista  ilii  anteriorly,  and 
affords  origin  to  the  sartorius  muscle.  The  other 
is  inferior,  and  receives  the  tendinous  origin  of 
the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  Posterior  Iliac  Spines  are  divided, 
like  the  anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior.  They 
afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments,  which  unite 
the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

ILIACO-TRQCHANTlSRIEN,  Iliacus  inter- 
nus. 

ILIACTJS,  L  internus— i.  Exteraus,  Pyramid- 
alis. 
ILIADTJS,  Ilech. 
ILIASTER,  Ilech. 
ILIASTRUM,  Ilech 


ILINGOS 


468 


IMPACTION 


ILINGOS,  Vertigo. 

ILIO-ABDOMINAL,  ObliquuB  internus  abdo- 
minis— i.  Aponlvroei-ftmoral,  Fascia  lata  muscle 
— t.  Gottal,  Quadratus  lumborum — ».  Creeti-tibial, 
Bartorius — L  Femoral,  Coxo-femoral  —  L  Hypo- 
gastricus  (nervus),  Musculo-outaneous  nerve,  su- 
perior—  i.  Inguinal,  Musculocutaneous  nerve, 
inferior  —  i.  Ischii-trochantSrien,  Gluteus  mini- 
mus— «.  Lombo-coeto-abdominal,  Obliquus  in- 
ternus abdominis — L  Lumbalis,  Heo-lumbar,  see 
Iliac  arteries — t.  Lumbi-coetal,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum— i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  Heo-lumbar- 
ligament 

IL'IO-PECTINEA,  belonging  to  the  ilium  and 
to  the  pecten  or  pubis. 

Ilio-pbctinbal  Eminrncb  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of  the 
ilium  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-pectinea  LrifEA,  Linea  innomina'ta,  is 
the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and  pu- 
bis, which  forms  part  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 

ILIO-PBJ&TIBIAL,  Bartorius. 

Ilio-Psoi'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion/  ifroat, 
•ihe  loins/  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  ilium  and  psoas  muscle. 

ILIO-PUBO-COSTO-ABDOMINAL,  Obli- 
quus ezternus  abdominis — t.  Botulien,  Rectus  fe- 
moris—  i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac — i.  Sacral  articula- 
tion, Sacro-iliao  articulation  —  t.  Sacro-fetnoral, 
GluteBus  major — L  Scrotal  nerve,  Musculo-outa- 
neous,  superior — t.  TrochanUrien,  Gluteus  me- 
dius — i.  TrochanUrien  petit,  Gluteus  minimus. 

IL'ION,  IVium,  IVeum,  Haunch  bane.  The 
largest  of  the  three  bones  which  constitute  the 
os  innominatum  in  the  foetus  and  child.  It  was 
probably  so  called  from  its  seeming  to  support 
the  intestine  ilion ;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest 
is  curved  upon  itself,  from  uXeu,  'I  twist,'  'I 
roll'  This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is 
usually  so  called  in  the  adult  The  posterior 
surface  is  called  Dorsum,  the  internal  Venter. 
The  upper  semicircular  edge  is  the  Crista  or 
Spine,  at  the  anterior  part  of  whioh  is  the  ante- 
rior and  superior  epinoue  proceee;  and,  below, 
the  anterior  and  inferior  epinoue  proceee.  At  the 
back  part  of  the  spine  are  two  epinoue  proceeeee, 
the  poeterior  and  superior,  and  posterior  and  t»- 
ferior.    See  Iliac. 

ILITHYTA,  Et>«0v<a,  Luci'na,  Juno  Lucina. 
Ihe  goddess  who  presided  over  parturient  fe- 
males, with  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

ILIUM,  Ileum,  Ilion. 

ILKESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ilkeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  about  eight 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  water  contains  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphohydrio  acid,  and  a  little  iron. 

ILLACHRTMATIO,  Epiphora. 

ILLBCEBRA,  Sedum— L  Major,  Sedum  tele- 
phium. 

ILLECEBRUM  VERMICULARE,  Sedum. 

ILLEGITIMATE,  JZfcpit'tmift,  from  il,in,  'ne- 
gation or  opposition/  and  legitimes,  'legitimate/ 
from  lex,  legit, '  law.'  That  whioh  is  contrary  to 
law :  which  has  not  the  conditions  required  by 
law,— as  an  illegitimate  birth — one  out  of  wedlock. 

iLLiGimfATi  or  Bastard  Fbvbrb  are  those 
whose  progress  is  anomalous. 

ILLICIUM  ANISA'TUM,  YeUow-ftowered 
Anise,  An'iseed  Tree,  Star  Anise,  Ani'eum  Stella' - 
turn,  Anieum  Sinen'ei,  Semen  Badian,  (F.)  Ants 
de  la  Chine,  A.  itoili,  Badiane.  Fam.  Magno- 
liaoes.  Sex,  Svet.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The 
feeds  are  used  like  the  aniseed,  The  same  tree  is  I 


supposed  to  furnish  the  aromatic  bark,  called 
Cortex  Ani'si  Stella'ti,  Cortex  Lavola. 

Ulicium  Anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 
the  so  called  Oil  of  Aniee,  used  in  the  United 
States. 

Illiciux  Flobida'vuv,  Florida  Aniee  Tree, 
Star  Aniee,  Sweet  Laurel  An  evergreen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leaves,  Ac,  of  whioh  have  a  spicy  odour 
like  anise,  and  might  be  used  for  it 

Illicium  Paryiflo'rcic,  a  shrub  of  the  hfllj 
regions  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  has  a  flavour 
closely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root 

ILLINITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITUS,  Inunction. 

ILLOS,  Eye,  see  Strabismus. 

ILLO'SIS,  Ilo'eie,  from  iXAof,  'the  eye.'  Dis- 
tortion of  the  eyes.    Strabismus. 

ILLUSIO  SENStfS,  Hallucination. 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUM,  see  Hlutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  t7,  in,  'upon/  and  luium, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  the 
act  of  covering  any  part  of  the  body  with  mud^— 
illutamen'tum — with  therapeutical  views. 

ILOSIS,  Illosis. 

IMAGINATION,  Imagina'tio,  Figura'tio, 
Phanta'eia,  Dianoi'ma,  from  imago,  'image.' 
The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an  assem- 
blage ef  images  and  combinations  of  ideas  which 
are  not  always  in  connexion  with  external  ob- 
ject*. 

IMBALSAMATION,  Embalming. 

IMBECIL'ITY,  ImbeoiVlitas,  Stupid'itas,  Be- 
betufdo  an'imi.  Weakness,  especially  of  the  in- 
tellect; incoherency;  Imbecil' lit  as  mentis. 

IMBECILLIS,  Infirm. 

IMBECILLITAS  INGENII,  Idiotism,  Imbe- 
cility— L  Mentis,  Idiotism,  Imbecility — i.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gasterasthenia. 

IMBELLIS  AD  VENEREM,  Frigid. 

IMBER'BIS,  Imber'bus,  Agenei'os,  Apo'gon, 
from  im,  in,  'negation/  and  barba, ' beard.'  On* 
devoid  of  beard. 

IMBIBITIO,  Absorption,  Imbibition. 

IMBIBIT"ION,  ImbibW'io,  Emp'oeis,  Endoe- 
moee,  Aspiration,  from  imbibere  (in,  and  bibere), 
'to  drink,  to  imbibe.'  The  action,  by  which  a 
body  becomes  penetrated  by  a  liquid.  See  En- 
dosmose.  Many  of  the  phenomena  of  absorption 
are  owing  to  imbibition. 

IMBREX  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

IMBRICARIA  SAXATILIS,  Lichen  aaxatilis. 

IMMERSUS,  Subscapularis  muscle. 

IMMINENCE,  Imminen'Ha,  from  im,  and  ac 
nere,  '  to  stay.'  Staying  over,  or  upon ;  impend- 
ing. Some  authors  have  designated,  by  this 
term,  the  period  whioh  precedes  the  invasion  of 
a  disease;  when  certain  indications  foretell  its 
approach. 

IMMINENCE  MORBIDE,  Diathesis,  Prodis- 
position. 

IMMIS8I0  CATHETERIS,  Catheterlsmns. 

IMMISSOR,  Catheter. 

IMMOBILITAB,  Aoinesia— i.  Papilla,  Ams*. 
rosis. 

IMMODERANTIA,  Intemperance. 

IMMODERATIO,  Intemperance. 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

IMMUTAN8,  Alterative. 

IMPACTION,  Impac'tio,  from  impingere  (m, 
and pangere),  'to  strike  against'  A  fracture  of 
the  cranium,  ribs,  or  sternum,  with  depression  of 
some  of  the  fragments  and  projection  of  others 
externally.    See  Eopiesma. 


IMPATDSKB 


469 


INCARCERATION 


IMPA'TIENS  BALSAMI'NA,  BaUam  weed, 
Touch-me-not.  This  probably  resembles  the  other 
species  in  its  properties. 

Impa'tiens  Fulva  and  I.  Pal'ljda,  Touch- 
me-not,  Jewel  weed,  BaUam  weed.  Slipper*,  CeV- 
andinc,  Quick-in-the-hand,  Weath'ereock*.  Indi- 
genous plants,  having  tender,  juicy,  almost  trans- 
parent stems,  and  yellow  flowers,  which  appear 
in  July  and  August.  It  is  found  in  low,  moist 
ground,  in  every  part  of  the  Union.  The  pro- 
perties are  probably  the  same  as  those  of 

Impa'tiehb  Noli-hb-tan'gbbb  of  Burope,which 
has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic. 

IMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Oetru'thinm,  Seli'num 
ottru'thium,  S.  Itnperato'ria,  Angelica  officina'lie, 
Aetruthium,  Oetruthium,  Aetran'tia,  Magietran'- 
tia,  Maeterwort,  (old  F.)  Auetruche.  The  roots 
of  this  plant  were  formerly  considered  divinum 
remedium.  They  are  merely  aromatic  and  bitter, 
and  are  not  used. 

Imperatoria  Sylyxstbu,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

IMPERFORATE,  Atretus. 

IMPERFORATE,  Imperforation  —  i.  Ani, 
Atresia  ani  adnata,  Prootatresia  —  i.  Pupillte, 
Bynesizis  —  i.  Uteri,  Metratresia. 

IMPERFORA'TION,  from  im,  'in/  per, 
<through',and/orare,  'to  bore/  Imperfora,tto,Atre'- 
$ia,  AtretWmue,  Cap'etu*.  Absence  of  a  natural 
aperture ;  as,  of  the  mouth,  anus,  vulva,  nostrils, 
Ac  It  is  congenital,  being  dependent  upon  faulty 
conformation. 

IMPERFORATION  DR  VANVS,  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

IMPE'RIAL.  A  pleasant,  cooling  drink,  formed 
ofbitartrate  of  pota—a,  J 88;  one  lemon,  out  into 
slices;  white  eugar,  9>bs;  and  water,  Oiij.  Let 
the  mixture  stand  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain. 

IMPETIGINOSITAS,  Impetigo. 

IMPETI'GQ,  from  impeto,  '  I  infest.'  Impeti- 
ginoe'itae,  Darta,  Der'bia,  Im'petue,  Peti'go,  Ec- 
pye'eis  impeti'go,  Phlyeie  impeti'go,  Lepra  eouam- 
mo'ea,  Running  ScaU  or  Tetter,  Orueted  Tetter, 
Pustular  or  Humid  Tetter,  ScaU,  Cowrap,  (F.) 
J)arire,  J),  eruetacte,  J),  crouteuee,  Lipre  humide, 
Militagre.  A  word  used  in  various  acceptations. 
With  some  writers  it  is  synonymous  with  itch.  In 
others,  it  means  a  variety  of  herpes.  Sauvages 
employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under  which  he 
comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachitis,  elephanti- 
asis, the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula,  Ac  It  forms,  also, 
a  genus  in  the  class  Cachexia  of  Gullen.  In 
Bateman,  it  is  the  first  genus  of  the  6th  order, 
Puetuloi,  and  is  defined — the  humid  or  running 
tetter;  consisting  of  small  pustules,  denominated 
Peydrada.  It  Is  unaccompanied  by  fever ;  not 
contagious,  or  communicable  by  inoculation.  He 
has  five  species: — the  J".  Jigura'ta,  I.  eparea, 
I.  erytipelato'des,  I.  eeab'ida,  and  L  rodene.  See 
Psoriasis. 

Impbtigo  Excobticattva,  Ichthyosis— L  Fi- 
gurata,  forrigo  lupinoaa — i.  Pellagra,  Pellagra 
—  L  Ulcerata,  Zerna. 

IMPETUM  FACIENS,  Enormon. 

IMPETUS,  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 

IMPLICATIONS  RETICULARES  NER- 
VORUM, Plexus  nervorum. 

IMPLICITI  MORBI,  Implica'H  sen  compli- 
ea'ti  Morbi.  Diseases,  which  exist  in  an  organ; 
and  produce,  concurrently,  disorders  in  other 
organs. 

IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  Bath,  shower. 

IMPOSTHUME,  Abscess. 

IM'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Impoten'tia,  I.  gene- 
ran' di,  Agenne'eia,  Agen'neeie,  Igna'via  sen  Ig- 
nav'itaa  parti um  genita'lium,  (F.)  Impuieeance; 
from  im,  'priv./  and  votene, '  able/  Loss  of  power 


over  one  or  more  of  the  members.  Commonly,  tt 
means  want  of  sexual  vigour ;  incapacity  for  co- 
pulation; and  chiefly  on  the  part  of  the  male. 
Atty'eia,  Aetyph'ia,  Aeyno'dia,  Adynamia  viri'lis. 
It  has,  also,  been  used  synonymously  with  eteri- 
lity.  Impotence  may  be  abeolute  or  relative,  con- 
stitutional or  local,  direct  or  indirect,  permanent 
or  temporary. 

IMPOTENTIA,  Adynamia,  Impotence— L  Ge- 
nerandi,  Impotence. 

IMPOVERISHED,  Effe'tu*,  Depattpera'tue, 
(F.)  Appauvri.  'Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.) pauper,  'poor.'  The  Humorists 
applied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  deprived  of  a 
part  of  its  constituents,  and  particularly  to  the 
blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to  be  impove- 
rished when  it  was  pale,  without  the  proper  con- 
sistence, and  abounding  in  serum.  It  was,  on 
the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion,  when  of  a 
scarlet  oolour;  possessing  consistence;  when  it 
coagulated  promptly,  apd  the  quantity  of  serum, 
compared  with  that  of  the  dot,  was  by  no  means 
considerable. 

IMPRJEGNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPREGNATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPRESSIBILITY,  GREAT,  Hyperesthesia. 

IMPRES'SION,  Impree'eio  (in,  and  premere, 
preetum,  'to  press*),  Proe'boli,  (F.)  Empreinte. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  Inequalities 
observable  on  the  bones,  which  appear  to  be 
made  by  the  subjacent  organs. 

Impbes'bions  Dig"ital,  Impre»eiorne»  digita'tm 
cra'nii,  Fosea  digita'les,  are  the  depressions  of 
various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  surface  of 
the  cranium,  which  look,  at  first  view,  as  if  they 
were  made  with  the  fingers. 

IMPU'BER,  Jmpu'bee,  Impu'bie,  Ane'bue,  Ca- 
piUa'tue,  from  in,  'negation,'  and pubertae,  'pu- 
berty.' (F.)  Impubire.  One  who  has  not  attained 
the  age  of  puberty. 

IMPUBE8,  Impuber. 

IMPUDICUS,  see  Digitus. 

IMPUTSSANCE,  Impotence. 

IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC,  Back  etrohe  of  the 
heart.  A  jog  or  stroke  which  has  been  termed 
the  'back  stroke,'  felt  at  the  end  of  each  pulsa- 
tion, and  which  would  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
refilling  of  the  ventricles. 

Impulse  of  the  Heabt,  see  Heart 

IMPURITATES  ALVINJB,  Faces. 

IN  ANI  A,  Iliac  regions. 

INANITIATED,  see  Inanitiation. 

INANITIA'TION,  Inanitia'tio,  same  etymon. 
The  act  of  being  exhausted  for  want  of  nourish- 
ment One  so  exhausted  is  said  to  be  inanitiated, 

INANIT"ION,  InanWio,  Inan'itae,  from  ina- 
nire,  '  to  empty.'  Ceno'aie.  Exhaustion  for  want 
of  nourishment  To  die  from  inanition  is  to  die 
from  exhaustion. 

INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia,  Dysorexia. 

INARTICULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 

INAURA'TION,  Inaura'tio,  from  in,  and  an- 
rum,  '  gold.'    The  gilding  of  pills  or  boluses. 

INCANTAMENTUM,  Charm. 

INCANTA'TION,  Incanta'tio,  Incantamen'- 
tum,  Ep'odi,  from  tn,  and  cantare,  'to  sing,'— • 
for  example,  a  magical  song.  A  mode  of  curing 
diseases  by  charms,  Ac,  defended  by  Paracelsus, 
Van  Helm  on  t,  and  others. 

INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonnement,  Incarcera- 
tion—  i.  Intestinorum  interna,  Enteremphraxia 
—  i.  Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole. 

INCARCERATION,  Incarcera'tio,  from  in, 
'in,'  and  career,  'prison.'  Hernia  is  said  to  be 
incarcerated,  Hernia  incarcera'ta,  when,  owing 
to  constriction  about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sao 
or  elsewhere,  it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility 


INCARNANS. 


470 


JJtOUBTJS 


Incarceration  is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  strangulation. 

WCAb'XAKSJncarnati'vuSiSarco'ticu+Stal'- 
ticua,  Plero'ticue,  AnapUro'ticue,  Sarcot'ic,  from 
in,  and  caro,  cam  is,  '  flesh/  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of  the 
flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have,  also, 
been  so  called. 

INCARNATIO,  Incarnation  —  i.  Unguium, 
Onychogryphosis. 

INCARNA'TION,  Incarna'tio,  same  etymon. 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 

INCARNATUS,  Carneous. 

INCEN'DIUM,  from  incendere  (in,  and  can- 
dere),  '  to  burn.'  Pyrca'a,  mtpiccua,  Caueie,  Phlo- 
ao'eia.  A  burning  fever  or  any  burning  heat.  — 
Incen'dium  fcbri'U,  Incen'aio.  —  Willis.  Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 

Incendium  Spontaneum,  Combustion,  human. 

INCENSIO,  Incendium. 

INCENTIVUM,  Stimulant 

INCERA'TION,  Ineera'tio,  Encero'eie,  from 
eera,  '  wax.'  The  act  of  incorporating  wax  with 
some  other  body;  or,  rather,  the  operation  whose 
object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry  substance  the 
consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'ULUM,  from  incemere  (in,  and 
cernere),  *  to  sift.'    A  strainer  or  sieve. 

INCESSIO,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 

INCESSUS,  Walking. 

INCIDEN'TIA,  from  incidere  (in,  and  eadere), 
'to  cut'  (F.)  Inciaifa.  This  name  was  formerly 
given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attributed  the 
property  of  cutting  thick  or  ooagulated  humours. 
The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulpburets  of  alkalies, 
sulphurous  water,  Ac,  were  considered  to  belong 
to  this  clasB. 

INCINERA'TION,  Incinera'tio,  Oine/ae'tio, 
from  cinti,  cinema,  '  ashes.'  In  pharmacy,  a  pro- 
cess by  which  animal  or  vegetable  substances  are 
reduced  to  ashes. 

INCINCTA,  Pregnant 

INC1SIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCISIO,  Cut,  Incision— i.  Simplex,  Haploto- 
mia. 

INCIS'ION,  Incia'io,  En' cope,  Inciau'ra,  Inci'- 
su*,  Tome,  (F.)  Taillade.  A  methodical  division 
of  soft  parts  with  a  cutting  instrument  j 

INCI'SIVE,  Inciai'vua,  Incieo'riua,  Fossa  tnct- 
ei'va,  F.  myrtifor'mia,  is  a  depression  in  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Bone,  Intermaxillary  bone — L  Canal, 
see  Palatine  canals. 

Incisive  Nerve,  Nervus  incisi'vus.  A  branch 
of  the  inferior  dental  nerve,  which  supplies  the 
incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Teeth,  Inci'aor  Teeth,  Den' tea  inci- 
ao'rea,  torn' id,  etenea,  dichoatereat  gelaai'ni,  pri~ 
mo'rea,  raao'rii.  The  teeth  which  occupy  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  upper  and  lower  jaws  are  so 
called,  because  they  are  used  for  cutting  the  food 
in  the  manner  of  cutting  instruments. 

INCISIVUS,  MUSCULUS,  Levator  labii  su- 
perioris  proprius — L  Inferior,  Levator  labii  infe- 
rioria  —  l  Lateralis  et  pyramidalis,  Levator  labii 
Buperioris  also  que  nasi — i.  Medius,  Depressor  alsa 
nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

INCISO'RIUM,  Tomi'on.  An  operating  table. 
A  scalpel. 

INCISORIUS,  Incisive. 

INCISURA,  itehancrure,  Incision— L  Crucia- 
lis,  Crucial  Incision — i.  Ischiadioa  Major,  Sciatic 
notch,  greater — i.  Ischiadioa  Minor,  Sciatic  notch, 
lesser — i.  Lienalis,  Hilus  lienalis —  i.  Renalis, 
Hilus  retails —  i.  Scapularis,  Notch,  scapular — 
L  Septi,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Imcibv'ba  Tbag"ica,  Notch  of  the  Concha.    A 


wide,  deep  and  rounded  notch,  which  separates 
the  tragus  from  the  antitragus. 

INCISURES  DE  SANTOEINI,  SantorinJ, 
fissures  of. 

INCISUS,  Incision. 

INCITABILITY,  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INC1TANS,  Stimulant 

INCITATIO,  Stimulation. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  Wedged. 

INCLINATIO,  Decline  —  i.  Cceli,  Climate. 

INCLUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  EmboUe- 
ment. 

INCLUSUS,  Wedged. 

INCOCTUS,  see  Crudity. 

INCOHERENCE,  Incohe'reney,  (V.)  Amco- 
luthie,  JUvaaserie;  from  in,  negative,  co,  eon, 
cum,  'with/  and  horere,  'to  stick.'  Want  of  de- 
pendence of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition 
of  the  mental  manifestations  in  dementia,  Ac 

INCOMPATIBLE,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
competere,  '  to  agree.'  A  substance,  which  can- 
not be  prescribed  with  another,  without  inter- 
fering with  its  chemical  composition  or  medicinal 
activity. 

INCONTINENTIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
contineo,  'I  contain;'  Anepie'cheeia.  'Inconti- 
nence.' '  Inability  to  retain  the  natural  evacua- 
tion.'   Abuse  of  the  pleasures  of  love. 

Incontinentia  Alyi,  Diarrhoea  —  L  Urine*) 
Enuresis,  Scoracrasia. 

INCORPORATION,  Jneorpora'tio,  Corpora'- 
tio,  Enaomato'aia,  Meteneomato'aia,  from  in,  and 
corpua,  'a  body.'  An  operation,  by  which  medi- 
cines are  mixed  with  soft  or  liquid  bodies,  in 
order  to  give  them  a  certain  consistence.  Also, 
the  thorough  admixture  of  various  substances. 

INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incroeeati'va,  Inviacan*- 
tia,  Spiaaan'tia,  Ecpyo'tica,  Condenaan'tia,  Pa* 
chyn'tica,  Pycnot'ica,  Pycnicmae'tica,  from  in, 
and  craaaua,  '  thick/  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  possess  the  power  of  thickening 
the  humours,  when  too  thin.  All  mucilaginous 
substances  were  so  regarded. 

INCRASSATIVA,  Incrassantia. 

IN 'CREASE,  Incremen'tnm,  Auxie,  Auxt'aia, 
from  in,  and  ereacere,  'to  grow/  (F.)  Accroime- 
meiit.  Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  a 
body,  by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist 

INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

INCRUCIATIO,  Decussation. 

INCRUSTA'TION,  Incruato'tio,  from  in,  and 
cruata,  '  a  crust  f  Coni'aaie,  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  well  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  depoeites  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

INCUBA'TION,  Incuba'tio,  IncHbifio,  Inc*. 
bitus,  from  ineubare,  (in,  and  eubare,)  'to  lie  upon/ 
This  word,  which  is  used  in  natural  history  for 
the  sitting  of  birds  upon  their  eggs,  is  employed, 
figuratively,  in  medicine,  for  the  period  thai 
elapses  between  the  introduction  of  a  morbific 
principle  into  the  animal  economy  and  the  inva- 
sion of  the  disease. 
INCUBITIO,  Incubation. 
INCUBITUS,  Incubation. 
INCUBO,  Incubus. 

IN'CUBUS.  Same  etymon.  Tn'cvbo,  Ep%aV- 
tea,  EphiaVtea  noetur'nua,  EphiaVtea,  Epilep'aia 
noctuma,  Asthma  noctur'num,  PnigaVion,  Sme9- 
cubua,  Oneirodynia  gravans,  Erethia'mua  oneiro- 
dynia, Noctur'na  oppretfaio,  Epib'oli,  Babuaxca'- 
riua,  Nightmare,  (F.)  Cauehemar,  CauchevieiUe, 
Cochemar,  Oneirodynia  gravative.  Same  etymon. 
A  sensation  of  a  distressing  weight  at  the  epigas- 
trium during  sleep,  and  of  impossibility  of  mo- 


INCUNABULA 


4tt 


INDURATION 


tion,  fpeeoh  or  respiration ;  the  patient  at  length 
awaking  in  terror,  after  extreme  anxiety.  Night- 
mare is  often  the  effeot  of  difficult  digestion 
or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the  body.  At  other 
times,  it  oocars  in  consequence  of  severe  emo- 
tions. The  sensation  of  suffocation  was  formerly 
ascribed  to  the  person's  being  possessed,  and  the 
male  spirits  were  called  incubes — the  female  sue- 
cubes.  The  disease  requires  no  particular  treat- 
ment    The  causes  must  be  avoided. 

Incubus  Vigil  an 'tium,  Ephial'tes  vigilan'- 
tium,  E.  hypochondri'aca,  Daymare.  This  is  pro- 
duced during  wakefulness ;  the  sense  of  pressure 
being  severe  and  extending  over  the  abdomen ; 
respiration  frequent,  laborious,  and  constricted ; 
eyes  fixed ;  sighing,  deep  and  violent ;  intellect, 
undisturbed. 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 

INCUNEATIO,  see  Wedged. 

INCU'RABLE,  Incnrab'ilts,  Rem'ediless,  Irre- 
me'dtable,  Insanab'ilis,  Anal' the*,  Anaces'tos, 
Atherapeu'tus,  from  in,  negative,  and  cura,  cure. 
Not  susceptible  of  cure; — applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

INCURIA,  Acedia. 

INCURSUS  ARTERIARUM,  Pulse. 

INCURVATIO,  Qryposis. 

INCUS,  (in,  and  cudo,  'I  hammer/)  'an  anvil/ 
Acmon,  Os  ineu'di  sim'iU,  Ossic'ulum  Incudi  seu 
mola'ri  denti  compara'tum,  (F.)  Enclume.  One 
of  the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called  from  its 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  smith's  anvil.  It  is 
situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  between 
the  malleus  and  orbiculare.  Its  body  is  articu- 
lated with  the  malleus;  its  horiaontal  ramus, 
which  is  the  shortest,  corresponds  with  the  en- 
trance of  the  mastoid  cells;  and  its  vertical  ra- 
mus is  articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare.  The 
incus  is  composed  of  a  compact  tissue,  and  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

INDEX,  Dig"itus  index  seu  secun'dus  seu  salu- 
tator'ius,  Demonstra'tor,  Indiea'tor,  Indicato'rius, 
Lich'anos,  Deic'ticos,  from  indicare,  'to  point 
out.'    The  forefinger,  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD,  see  Euonymus  — 
L  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — i.  Physic,  Gille- 
nia  triibliata — i.  Physio,  small-flowered,  Gillenia 
stipulacea. 

INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  Jeffersonville,  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  In'dicans,  Endeic'ticos,  (F.)  Indi- 
cate/. Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing  which, 
in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what  precedes  or 
accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing  out  the  means 
to  be  used  for  its  cure. 

INDWATIF,  Indicant 

INDICATING  DAYS,  Diet  In'diees,  D.  In. 
dicato'rii  seu  Indican'tes,  D.  contemplan'tes,  (F.) 
Jours  indicateurs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
thus  called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary ;  be- 
cause they  imagined,  that  indications  were  some- 
times given  then  of  the  crisis  which  would  occur 
in  the  last  day  of  the  septenary. 

INDICATION,  Indica'tio,  Accusa'tio,  Dela'- 
tio,  Endeix'i$,  Endex'is,  Boithemat'icum  Seme i' on. 
The  object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  It  may  also  be  defined — the  manifesta- 
tion afforded  by  the  disoase  itself  of  what  is  pro- 
per to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Digitus,  and  Index. 

INDICUM,  Indigo. 

INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 

INDIGENCE,  Want. 

INDIGENOUS,  Indig"ena.  Whatever  is  na- 


tive in  a  country,  in  opposition  to  exotic;  as  an 
indigenous  remedy,  indigenous  disease,  Ac. 

INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia  — i.  Alkaline,  see 
Dyspopsia — i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 

INDIGITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculL 

INDIGNATORIUS,  Rectus  externus  ocuU. 

IN'DIGO,  Indigum,  In'dicum,  Indicus  color, 
Pigmen'tum  In'dicum.  A  dye-stuff,  in  small  solid 
masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and  devoid 
of  smell  and  taste.  It  is  obtained,  by  a  fermenta- 
tive process,  from  Indigo/' era  anil,  (/.  suffruti- 
co'sa,)  I.  argen'tea,  (I.  articula'ta  seu  tincto'ria 
seu  glau'ca  seu  colora'ta,)  and  /.  tincto'ria  seu 
In'dica,  and  is  sometimes  used  by  the  apothe- 
cary for  colouring  certain  preparations.  It  has 
likewise  been  administered  internally,  of  late,  in 
spasmodic  diseases,  especially  in  epilepsy.  The 
dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it  may  be  ele- 
vated to  drachma. 

Indigo,  False,  (Tall  White,)  see  Sophora 
tinctoria. 

IN D 100,  FAUX,  Galega  officinalis— i.  Weed, 
Sophora  tinctoria — i.  Wild,  Sophora  tinctoria  — 
i.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGOFERA,  see  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGUM,  Indigo. 

INDISPOSITION,  Mala  -dUposit"io,  Dys- 
phoria, (F.)  Malaise.  A  slight  functional  dis- 
turbance, which  may  scarcely  bear  the  name  of 
disease.  A  feeling  of  sickness  —  sensns  agritu'- 
dinis. 

IN'DOLENT,  In'dolene,  from  in,  privative,  and 
dolcre,  *  to  be  in  pain/  Exhibiting  little  or  no 
pain.  An  epithet  particularly  applied  to  certain 
tumours. 

INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia. 

IN'DOLES.  A  natural  disposition  or  charac- 
ter. 

Indoles  An'imi.  The  natural  disposition  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indoles  Morbi.    The  nature  or  character  of  a 

INDOSYNCLONUS,  Beriberi. 

INDUCTIO,  Apngo'gl,  from  inducere,  (in, 
and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  A  word  used  especially 
for  the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upon  linen. 

INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium  —  i. 
Nervorum,  Neurilema — i.  Ventriculorum,  Epen- 
dyma  ventriculorum. 

IN'DURANS,  (m  and  durus,)  Sclerotic**, 
Sclerun' tints,  Scleryn'ticus.  A  medicine  which 
hardens  the  patts  to  which  it  is  applied. 

INDURATIO,  Induration  — i.  Intcstinorum, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus — 
i.  Renum,  Nephroscleria — i.  Telac  cellulosae  neo- 
natorum, see  Induration — L  Yentriculi  scirrhosa, 
Gastroscirrhus. 

INDURA'TION,  Indura'tio,  Sclerys'ma,  Scle. 
rys'mus,  Callos'itas,  Indurescen'tia,  Poro'ma,  Po- 
ro'sis,  (F.)  Endurcissement.  The  hardness  which 
supervenes,  occasionally,  in  an  inflamed  part.  It 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  and  is 
owing  to  a  change  in  the  nutrition  of  the  part. 

Induration  of  the  Cellular  Tissue,  Indu- 
ra'tio seu  Oppila'tio  tela  cellulo'sa  neonato'rum, 
Ethmyphotylo'sis,  QSde'ma  neonato'rvm,  Compact 
(Ede'ma  o/  In/ants,  Cafochu*  In/an' turn,  Indu- 
ratio  cellulo'sa,  Sclere'mia,  Sclere'ma,  Sclero'ma, 
Scleroderma,  Cutis  tenea  chron'ica,  Dermatop*- 
risclero'sis,  Dermatoperisclerysmus,  Ethmyphoty- 
losis,  Halonii'tis,  Phlegmasia  cellula'ris,  fccirrho* 
ear* ca  neonato'rum,  Scleri'asis  neonato'rum,  Scle?- 
ro'sis,  Stipa'tio  tela  cellulo'sa  In/an'tum,  Skin- 
bound  Disease,  (F.)  Endurcissement  du  tissu  celln- 
laire;  (Edime  du  tissu  cellulaire  des  nouveau-n4s, 
Asphyxie  lento  des  nouveau-nis,  is  a  disease  which 


IKBURESCKNTIA 


472 


INTLAMMATIO 


attacks  infants  a  few  days  after  birth,  and  which 
Chaussier  proposed  to  call  Settrlmc,  from  <r*Aijpof, 
•hard/ 

The  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue  of  the 
adult,  Sclcrosteno'tit  cuta'nea,  has  been  regarded 
as  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the  cerium,  Cho- 
rioni'tis. 

Induration  of  thb  Brain,  Sclerencephalia — 
i.  Orite,  see  Hepatization. 

INDURESCENTIA,  Induration. 

INDU'SIUM,  ChitonWco*.  Strictly,  'a  shirt/ 
'a  small  tunic/  but  some  have  so  called  the 
amnion. 

INE'BRIANT,  Ine'briant,  Phantat'ticne  ;  from 
in  and  ebrio,  'I  intoxicate/  Intoxicating.  An 
agent  that  intoxicates. 

INEBRIATION,  Temulentia. 

IN  EDI  A,  Fasting. 

INERTIA,  from  in,  'privative,'  and  art,  artis, 
'art./  (?)  Igna'via,  Ener' vitas.  Sluggishness,  in- 
activity. 

Iner'tia  of  thb  Womb,  (F.)  Inertie  de  la  ma- 
trice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessation 
of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during  labour; 
as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into  which  it 
sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 

INERTIE  PAR  EPUISEMENT,  see  Partu- 
rition— i.  de  la  Matrice,  Inertia  of  the  womb. 

INESIS,  Cenosis. 

INETHMOS,  Cenosis. 

IN'FANCY,  In/un'tia,  from  tn,  'negation,'  and 
/ant,  from  fari,  *  to  speak.'  Early  childhood. 
Childhood;  Nepiot'es,  Paidi'a,  (F.)Enfance.  It 
generally  includes  the  age  from  birth  till  the 
seventh  year.    See  Age. 

INFANS,  Pai'dion,  Ne'piot,  (F.)  Enfant.  An 
infant;  a  child;  one  in  infancy.  In  law,  one 
who  has  not  attained  the  age  of  legal  capacity ; 
which  is?  in  general,  fixed  at  twenty-one  years. 

Ixfavs  Recens  nat us,  Nouveau-ni. 

INFANTIA,  Infancy. 

INFANTICIDE,  Infantici'dium,  Tecnocton'ia, 
Child-murder,  from  infant,  'a child,'  &nd  cadere, 
*  to  kill.'  The  murder  of  a  child  newly  born,  or 
on  the  point  of  being  born.  It  may  be  perpe- 
trated by  the  mother,  or  by  some  other  person, 
either  by  commission,  that  is,  in  consequence  of  a 
direct,  voluntary  act;  —  or  by  omission  of  those 
cares  which  are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
the  new-born. 

INFARCT  US,  Emphraxis  —  i.  Intestinorum, 
Enteremphraxis — i.  Lactei  extrcmitatum,  Phleg- 
matia  dolens — L  Lienis,  Splenoncus. 

In  FARC 'tub  Mammjs  Lac'teus,  Laetit  concre- 

Aio'nes,  Nodi  seu  Thrombi  lactei,  Trichiasis  lac- 

tea.     Knotty  tumours  of  the  female  mammae, 

owing  to  the  accumulation  and  arrest  of  milk  in 

the  galactophorous  ducts. 

Infarctus  Uteri,  Metremphraxis. 

INFECTION,  see  Contagion. 

INFECUNDITY,  Sterility. 

INFECUNDUS,  Sterile. 

INFER'NAL,  Ivfer'nut;  'relating  to  hell.'  A 
name  applied  to  caustic — Lapis  Inferno1  lit — on 
account  of  its  strong  burning  properties. 

INFIBULA'TIO,  Fibula' tio,  Infibula'tion,Anc- 
terias'mnt;  from  fibula,  'a  clasp.'  (F.)  BoucU- 
snent.  An  operation,  formerly  practised,  whieh 
consisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
after  having  drawn  it  over  the  glans ;  —  in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  infi- 
bulation  with  their  gladiators,  to  preserve  all 
their  strength  by  depriving  them  of  venery.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
was  passed  through  the  labia  majora. 

INFILTRATION,  InfUtra'tio,  from  Jiltrare, 


'to  filter/  Effusion.  The  accumulation  of  a 
fluid  in  the  areola  of  any  texture,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid  effused 
is  ordinarily  the  Liquor  sanguinis,  sound  or  al- 
tered,— sometimes  blood  or  pus,  faeces,  or  urine. 
When  infiltration  of  a  serous  fluid  is  general,  it 
constitutes  anasarca  ;  when  local,  oedema. 

INFILTRATION  PURULENTE,  see  Hepa- 
tization. 

INFIRM,  Infirm' us,  Imbecillis,  Deb' Hi*,  At*- 
thenet,  from  tit,  negative,  and  jSrmtts,  'firm.'  Not 
firm  or  sound ;  weak ;  feeble. 

INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIRMARY,  Hospital 

INFIRMATORIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIRM IER  (F.),  from  infirmut,  (in,  negative, 
and  firmus.)  Infirma'riut,  Notoc'ovkus,  Oura'tor 
infirmo'rum.  One  employed  in  an  hospital  or  in- 
firmary to  take  care  of  the  sick. 

INFIRM'ITY,  Infirm'itas,  Astheni'a,  Arrkos'- 
tia,  Invaletu'do.  Any  disease  which  has  become 
habitual,  either  owing  to  its  chronic  character,  or 
its  numerous  relapses. 

INFLA'MED,  Inflamma'tut,  (F.)  Enflamrni,— 
Phlogo'ted,  according  to  some.  Same  etymon  as 
inflammation.    Affected  with  inflammation. 

INFLAMMABLE  AIR,Hydrogen,earburetted. 

INFLAMMATIO,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 
i.  Abdominalis,  Enccelitis  —  i.  Articuli  Majdlte 
Inferioris,  Hyposiagonarthritis — i.  Auris,  Otitis — 
i.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis — i.  Cseci,  Typhlo-en- 
teritis — i.  Capsulte  lentis,  Phacohymenitis — L  Ce- 
rebelli,  Cerebellitis — L  Clitoridis,  Nymphitis — i. 
Conjunctiva?,  see  Ophthalmia — i.  Corneas,  Cera- 
titis — L  Coxse,  Osphyitis — i.  Cystidis  fellesB,  Cho- 
lecystitis— i.  Epiglottidis,  Epiglottitis — i.  Errri- 
pelatosa,  Erysipelatous  inflammation  —  i.  Faud- 
um,  Cynanche,  Isthmitis — i.  Gastritis,  Gastritis 

—  i.  Genre,  Gnathitis  —  L  Genarum,  Melitis  —  i. 
Gingivae,  Ulitis — i.  Glandularum  lymph  aticarnm, 
Hydradenitis  —  i.  Glandularum  lymphaticaram, 
Lymphadenitis — i.  Glandularum  sublingualium, 
Hypoglos8iadenitis  —  i.  Guise,  (Esophagitis — L 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis  —  L  Hepatis  lenta,  Hepatitis 
(chronic)  —  i.  Interna,  Empresma — L  Intestino- 
rum, Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  Hepa- 
titis— i.  Laryngis,  Laryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Splenitis 

—  i.  Ligamentorum,  Syndesmitis  —  L  Linguae, 
Glossitis — i.  Mediastini,  Mesodmitis — L  Medullas 
Spinalis,  Myelitis — L  Musouli  psoas,  Psoitis — L 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  i.  Musculorum  abdomi- 
nalium,  Myocoeliitis —  i.  Nervorum,  Neuritis — i. 
Oculorum,  Ophthalmia — L  (Esophagi,  (Esophagi, 
lis — i.  Omenti,  Epiploitis — i.  Ossis,  Ostalgitis — L 
Ovarii,  Oaritis — i.  Palati,  Hyperoitis — i.  Panere- 
atis,  Pancreatitis — i.  Parenchymatica,  Pareneby- 
matitis — L  Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynanche  paro- 
tidsea — i.  Pectoris  acuta,  Pneumonia — L  Pera- 
cuta,  Hyperphlogosis,  Hyperpbiegmasia — L  Peri- 
cardii,  Pericarditis  —  i.  Perioetei,  Periostitis— L 
Periostei  orbitse,  Periorbitis — i.  Peritonsei,  Peri- 
tonitis—  i.  Pharyngis,  Cynanche  pharyngea — i, 
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  — L  Pleura,  Pleuritis  —  i. 
Pneumoniae,  Pneumonia — i.  Pulmonum,  Pneu- 
monia— i.  Renum,  Nephritis  —  i.  Renum  suc- 
oenturiatorum,  Paranephritis — L  Retinse,  Dtctyi- 
tis,  Retinitis — i.  Sclerotica),  Sclerotitis — i.  Scroti, 
Oschitis — i.  Septi  trans  versi,  Diaphragmitis — i. 
Sinuum  frontalium,  Metopantritis  —  i.  Stomachi, 
Gastritis — i.  Superficiei  internse  cordis,  Endocar- 
ditis— L  Tela)  celluloses,  Ethmyphytis — L  Tela* 
fibrosa),  Inohymenitis  —  i.  Testium,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — i.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — i. 
Tunica)  hyaloideee,  Hyalitis  —  i.  Tympani,  Tym- 
panitis—  L  Urethrse,  Gonorrhoea — L  Uteri,  Me- 
tritis— L  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see  Metritis — i.  Uteri 
et  Peritonsei,  Metroperitonitis — L  Uvulae,  Uvuli- 
tis — I  Yasorum,  Angoitis — i,  Vasorum  lymphati- 


INFLAMMATION 


47$ 


INFLUENZA* 


coram,  Angeioleucitis— i.  Ventrical!,  Gastritis— i. 
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum,  Gastro-enteritis — L 
Vesicae,  Cystitis— i.  Vesicae  felless,  Cholecystitis. 
INFLAMMATION,  Injlamma'tio,  from  in, 
1  within/  and/famina,  *  flame/  'lire/  Phleg'moni, 
Phlogo'eie,  Ecphlogo'eie,  Epiph^eg"iat  Exap'eie, 
Phlegma'eia,  Caueo'ma,  Empree'ma,  Phlo'gia,  Hy- 
perendoemoee  (Dutrochet),  Ineen'dium,  Hyperhi- 
mato'eie,  Hyperemia  acti'va,  Phleboplero'eie  ec- 
phrac'ttca,(F.)Angii'te,iE  so  called  in  consequence 
of  the  acute  or  burning  pain,  felt  in  a  part  affected 
with  it.  An  irritation  in  a  part  of  the  body  is  oc- 
casioned by  some  stimulus ; — owing  to  which  the 
blood  flows  into  the  capillary  vessels  in  greater 
abundance  than  natural,  and  those  vessels  become 
over-dilated  and  enfeebled ;  whence  result  pain, 
redness,  heat,  tension,  and  swelling ;  symptoms 
which  appear  in  greater  or  lees  severity,  accord- 
ing to  the  structure,  vital  properties,  and  func- 
tions of  the  part  affected,  and  its  connexion  with 
other  parts,  as  well  as  according  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  individual.  The  inflammations  of  the 
areolar  and  serous  membranes  greatly  agree  j — 
and  those  of  the  mucus  and  skin;  the  former 
being  more  active,  and  constituting  the  phleg- 
monous variety;  —  the  latter,  the  erythematio  or 
erysipelatous.  Of  this  variety  is  the  diffueite  in- 
flammation produced  by  morbid  poisons  ;  as 
during  dissection,  where  solutions  of  continuity 
exist  on  the  fingers  of  the  operator.  It  is  seen, 
too,  in  workers  in  bone,  and  hence  has  been  called 
bone  fever.  Preparatory  to  the  turning  of  bones, 
it  is  oustomary  to  macerate  them  in  water.  The 
fluid  soon  becomes  putrid,  and  if  the  hands  be 
kept  in  it  diffusive  inflammation  results.  Inflam- 
mation may  end  by  resolution,  suppuration,  gan- 
grene, adhesion,  effusion,  or  induration.  Each 
of  the  inflammations  of  internal  organs  has  re- 
ceived a  name  according  to  the  organ  affected; — 
as,  gastritis,  cephalitis,  enteritis,  hepatitis,  Ac. 
Besides  the  above  inflammations,  there  is  consi- 
dered to  be  an  instinotive  kind  established  for  the 
union  of  parts  which  have  been  divided,  whether 
the  union  takes  place  immediately,  or  by  the  aid 
of  an  intermediate  body.  This  is  the  adhesive 
inflammation.  See  AdheBion,  Callus,  Cicatrix. 
Broussais  considered  that  the  term  inflammation 
should  include  every  local  exaltation  of  the  or- 
ganic movements  which  is  sufficiently  great  to 
disturb  the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  disor- 
ganise the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He 
farther  extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irri- 
tations which  do  not  induce  disorganisation  of  the 
textures,  and  which  had  been  previously,  and  are 
still,  called  fever: 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn  always  exhi- 
bits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  element —  the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood,  is 
about  three  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation,  it 
at  times  rises  as  high  as  ten.  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is  natu- 
ral, or  below  the  average ;  but  whenever  inflam- 
mation supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External  inflammation  is  easily  detected  by  the 
characters  already  mentioned : — internal,  by  dis- 
turbance of  function  and  pain  upon  pressure;  but 
the  last  sign  is  often  not  available.  Both  forms 
require  the  removal  of  all  irritation,  and  the  re- 
duction of  vascular  excitement  and  nervous  irri- 
tability ;  hence,  blood-letting— local  and  general 
—  sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  oounter-irritants 
become  valuable  remedies  in  almost  all  cases  of 
inflammation. 

INFLAMMATION  DBS  AMYGDALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — i.  dee  Artlres,  Arteritis — 
L  of  the  Bladder,  Cystitis — ♦'.  de  la  Bouehe,  Sto- 
matitis—  i.  dee  Bronches,  Bronchitis — t.  du  Cee- 
cum,  Typhlo-enteritis— L  of  the  Caecum,  Typhlo- 


enteritis — i.  du  Cerveau  et  du  CerveUt,  Phrenitfs 
t.  du  Oamr,  Carditis  — «.  du  Colon,  Colitis—*,  de 
la  Conjonctive,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  of  the  Dia- 
phragm, Diaphragmitis — i.  Diffusive,  see  Inflam- 
mation— i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtherias  —  i.  of  the 
Ear,  Otitis— t.  de  vfipigloUc,  Epiglottitis— j.  de 
VEetomae,  Gastritis— i.  of  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia— 
t*.  du  Foie,  Hepatitis — t.  dee  Gencives,  Ulitis — i. 
General,  Synocha — i.  of  the  Internal  Membrane 
of  the  Heart,  Endocarditis — i.  Internal,  Empres- 
ma — t.  dee  Inteetine,  Enteritis — i.  of  the  Iris,  Iri- 
tis— i.  of  the  Kidney,  Nephritis — t .  de  la  Langue, 
Glossitis— i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis — i.  of  the 
Liver,  Hepatitis— i.  de  la  Luette,  Uvulitis— L  of 
the  Lungs,  Pneumonia, — L  of  the  Malpighian  Bo- 
dies, Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the— t.  dee  Ma* 
mellee,  Mastitis — i.  de  la  Matrice,  Metritis — i.  de 
la  Membrane  alviolo-dentaire,  Periodontitis  —  t. 
de  la  Membrane  eereuee  cSphalo-rachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis— i.  of  the  Mesentery,  Mesenteritis — t.  de 
la  Motile  (pini&re  ou  rachidienne,  Myelitis  —  i. 
of  the  Mouth,  pseudo-membranous,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pultaceoug, 
Aphthae — «.  dee  Mueclee,  Myositis — t.  dee  Nerfe, 
Neuritis — i.  de  V(Eil,  Ophthalmia— t.  de  P  Oreille, 
Otitis— t.  de  VOvaire,  Oaritis— i.  du  Palate,  Hy- 
peroitis — i.  du  Parenehyme  pulmonaire,  Pneumo- 
nia— t.  de  la  Parotide,  Cynanche  parotid® a — L 
Pellicular,  Diphtheritis  —  i,  du  Piricarde,  Pe- 
ricarditis—  i.  of  the  Pericardium,  Pericardi- 
tis—  t.  du  Piritoine,  Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pe- 
ritonaeum, Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleu- 
ritis —  •'.  de  la  PUvre,  Pleuritis — *.  dee  Poumone, 
Pneumonia — t.  du  Muscle  psoas,  Psoitis — i.  de  la 
Bate,  Splenitis — t.  dee  Heine,  Nephritis — i.  Spon- 
goid,  Hamatodes  Fungus,  see  also  Enoephaloid — 
i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis  —  i.  de  la  Teetieule, 
Hernia  humoralis — L  of  the  Testicle,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — t.  dee  Tieeue  blance,  Angeioleucitis — i. 
of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis  —  i.  dee  Vaieseaux  Lym- 
phatiquee,  Angeioleucitis — i.  dee  Veinee,  Phlebi- 
tis— i.  de  la  Vtsieule  du  Fiel,  Cholecystitis — i.  de 
la  Veeeie,  Cystitis — i.  of  the  Womb,  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,  Sub  injlamma'tio. 
A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  as  in  many  cutaneous  affections. 
INFLAWMATO'RY,Inflammato,riue;Pklog"- 
icus,  Phlogofdes,  Phlogis'ticus,  Phlogistic,  belong- 
ing to  inflammation ;  —  as,  inflammatory  tumour, 
inflammatory  fever,  Ac  The  blood  is  said  to  be 
inflammatory  when  cupped  or  buffy. 

INFLATIO,  Emphysema,  Puffiness,  Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotidsea— 
i.  Uteri,  Physometra. 
INFLEXIO,  Campsis. 
INFLUENCE,  Influensa. 
INFLUENTIA,  Influenza. 
INFLUENZA.  The  Italian  for  'Influence.' 
Influenza  Europm'a,  Muen'tia,  Gatar'rhus  ept- 
dem'icue,  Febrie  catarrha'lie  epidem'ica,  Catar'- 
rhue d  conta'gio,  Bheuma  epidem'ieum,  Morbue 
Verveei'nue,  M.  Catarrha'lie,  Syn'ochus  catar- 
rha'lie,  Deflux'io  catarrha'lie,  M.  Arie'tie,  Ce- 
phalalgia contagiofea  (epidemics  of  the  16th  and 
17th  centuries) :  (F.)  Tac,  Ladendo,  Quinte,  Flo- 
rion,  Coqueluche,  Baraquette,  Ginirale,  Grippe, 
Follette,  Grenade,  Coquette,  Cocote,  Petite  Poete, 
Petit  Courier,  Allure,  Fiivre  catarrhaU  Spidt- 
mique/  Influence,  Epidemic  catarrh.  A  severe 
form  of  catarrh  occurring  epidemically,  and  ge- 
nerally affecting  a  number  of  persons  in  a  com- 
munity. See  Catarrh,  epidemic.  Gluge,  from 
his  investigations,  considers  that  the  following  i* 
the  chronological  order  of  the  return  of  the  influ- 
enza:—14th  century,  1323,  1326— 15th  century, 
1410, 1411, 1414— 18th  century,  1510, 1557, 1562, 
1574,  1580,  and  1503— 17th  century,  1658,  16*0, 
1675, 1693— 18th  century,  1708, 1712, 1720, 1732; 


INFLUENZOID 


474 


INFUSUM 


1733, 1742, 1743,  mi,  1762,  and  1775— 19th  cen- 
tury, 1800,  1803,  1831,  and  1833.  To  these  may 
be  added  1837,  and  1843. 

Influenza  Europaa,  Influenza. 

INFLUEN'ZOiD,  Injluenzoi'de*.  An  express- 
ive but  hybridous  compound :  from  influenma,  and 
uios,  *  resemblance.'  Resembling  influenaa. — Dr. 
T.  Thompson. 

INFORMITAS,  Deformation. 

INFORTUNIUM,  Contrafissura, 

INFRA-ATLOIDiEUS,  Sub-atloid»us. 

INFRA-AXOIDiEUS,  Sub-axoidisus. 

INFRA-COSTALES,  see  Intercostal  muscles. 

INFRA-MAXILLARIS,  Sub-maxUlary. 

INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA,  Cepha- 
losomatodymia. 

INFRA-ORBITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT,  Triangular  li- 
gament. 

INFRA-SCAPULARIS,  Subscapular^. 

INFRA-SPINALIS.  Infra-spinatus. 

INFRA-SPINA'TUS,  Infraspina'lis,  from  in- 
fra, 'beneath,'  and  spina,  'a  spine.'  Situate 
beneath  the  spine  of  the  scapula; — Infra  Spina- 
na'lis. 

Infra-Spina'ta  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  so\is-4pi- 
neuse.  A  large  excavation  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.  It  is  filled 
by  the 

Infra-Spinatus  Muscle,  Grand  Scapulo-tro- 
chitirien,  Superscapula'ris  inferior  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Sous-fpineux,  which  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three  inner 
quarters  of  the  fossa;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long 
tendon,  into  tbe  middle  part  of  the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  os  humeri  ( Trochiter).  It  turns  tbe 
arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is  elevated, 
carries  it  backwards. 

INFRINGENS,  Corrigent 

INFUNDIB'ULUM,  (in,  and/an<fcre,  'to  pour 
out.')  A  Latin  word  signifying  a  Funnel, — 
Choa'ni,  Chonos,  (F.)  Entonnoir,—  of  which  va- 
rious kinds  are  employed  in  pharmaceutical  ope- 
rations. A  name,  given  to  many  parts  which, 
more  or  less,  resemble  a  funnel.  It  is  particu- 
larly appropriated  to  the  following  organs : — 

Infundib'ulum  op  the  Brain,  Infundib'ulum 
seu  Pelvis  sou  Choa'na  seu  Cy'athus  seu  Scyphus 
seu  Concha  seu  Lacu'na  seu  Em'bolum  seu  Aou<e- 
duc'tns  seu  Labrum  seu  Concav'itas  conchula'ris 
seu  Processus  orbicula'ri*  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Enton- 
noir du  ventricule  moyen  du  eerreau,  Tige  Pitui- 
tuire,  Tige  sus-sphSnoldale.  A  depression  in  the 
inferior  paries  of  the  middle  ventricle,  above  the 
pituitary  gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as 
a  canal  by  which  the  fluid  collected  in  the  ven- 
trioles  of  the  brain  was  evacuated,  and  poured 
into  the  nasal  fossae. 

Infundib'ulum  Cerebri,  I.  of  the  Brain. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Cochlea,  /.  Coch'lea, 
Scyphus  Vieussen'ii,  S.  audito'rius,  Cuctd'lus,  Oa- 
na'lis  Sea  la' rum  commit' nis.  This,  with  the  mo- 
diolus, forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  gyri 
of  the  cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel, 
the  apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the 
modiolus ,•  and  the  base  is  covered  with  tho  apex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cu'pola. 

In  Surgery,  infundibula  are  used  to  direct 
steam  or  vapours;  to  conduct  the  actual  cautery 
to  certain  morbid  parts,  Ac. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Ethmoid  Bone,  or  of 
the  Nasal  Fossae.  One  of  the  anterior  cells  of 
that  bone,  which  is  broad  and  expanded  above, 
and  narrow  below ;  opening,  above,  into  the  fron- 
tal sinus ;  below,  into  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  meatus  of  the  nasal  fosses. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Heart,  Conns  arterio- 
.  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calix — i.  Lachrymale, 


Lachrymal  Sae — i.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube* 
Fallopian  —  i.  Ventriculi,  (Esophagus. 

INFU'SION,  Infu'sio,  En'chysis,  from  *»/■*- 
dere  (in,  undfundere),  'to  pour  in,'  'to  introduce.' 
A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which  consists  in 
pouring  a  hot  or  cold  fluid  upon  a  substance 
whose  medical  virtues  it  is  desired  to  extract. 
Infusion  is,  also,  used  for  the  product  of  this  ope- 
ration. In  Surgery,  infusion  —  Chirur'gia  infuC 
so'ria,  Are  clysma'tica  nova  —  is  the  act  of  intro- 
ducing into  the  veins  medicinal  substances,  by  aid 
of  an  instrument  called  Infusor.  This  mode  of  in* 
troducing  medicines  was  called  Are  infuso'ria* 

Infusion  of  Angustura,  Infusum  Cusparim 
— i.  of  Bark,  Infusum  cinchona)  —  L  of  Buchu, 
Infusum  Diosma  —  i.  of  Calumba,  Infusum  em- 
lumbss —  i.  of  Casoarilla,  Infusum  cascariUsB  — 
i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu  compositum  —  i. 
of  Cayenne  pepper,  Infusum  capsici  —  L  of  Cha- 
momile, Infusum  anthemidis  —  i.  of  Cinchona, 
Infusum  cinchona? — i.  of  Cloves,  Infusum  caryo- 
phyllorum  —  i.  of  Cusparia,  Infusum  cuspariae  — 
i.  of  Dandelion,  Infusum  Taraxaci  —  i.  of  Fox- 
glove, Infusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Infusum  gentian  a?  compositum — i.  of  Ginger,  In- 
fusum ZingiberiB  —  i.  of  Hops,  Infusum  humuli 
— i.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Infusum  armora- 
ciaB  compositum  —  L  of  Binseed,  Infusum  lini 
compositum  —  L  of  Mint,  compound,  Infusum 
menthsB  compositum  —  L  of  Orange-peel,  com- 
pound, Infusum  aurantii  compositum — i.  of  Pink- 
root,  Infusum  spigeliss  —  L  of  Quassia,  Infusum 
quassise — L  of  Rhatany,  Infusum  Krameriie — L 
of  Rhubarb,  Infusum  rhei — L  of  the  Rose,  Infu- 
sum rosea  compositum  —  i.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Infu- 
sum sarsaparillsB  —  i.  of  Sassafras  pith,  Infusum 
sassafras  medullae  —  i.  of  Senna,  Infusum  senna 
compositum — i.  of  Simarouba,  Infusum  simarou- 
bee  —  i.  of  Slippery  elm,  Infusum  uhni  —  i.  of 
Thorough  wort,  Infusum  eupatorii — i.  of  Tobacco, 
Infusum  tabaci — i.  of  Valerian,  Infusum  Valeria- 
nee — i.  of  Virginia  snakeroot,  Infusum  serpenta- 
riaa  —  L  of  Wild  cherry,  Infusum  pruni  Virgi- 
nians. 

INFUSOTR  (F.),  some  etymon.  An  instru- 
ment for  injecting  medicinal  substances  into  the 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introduced  into  a  vein. 

INFU'SUM,  En'chyma.  The  product  of  as 
infusion. 

Infusum  Acacias  Catechu,  I.  catechu  compo- 
situm—  i.  Amarum  vinosum,  Vinum  gentianst 
compositum  —  i.  of  Angustura,  I.  cusparia?. 

Infusum  Anthem'idis,  Uydrochantaime'lmn, 
Infusion  of  Ckam'omiU.  (Anthemid,  fior.  3n> 
aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Pk.  L.)  Dose,  f  ij 
to  fgiss. 

Infusum  Abmora'clc  Compos'itum,  Infusum 
Armoraeia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Compound  infusion  of 
Horseradish.  (Armorac.  rod.  concis.,n'RapweonL 
*i°&*  §J  >  «?««  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  fgj  to  f^iij. 

Infusum  Aurantii  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Orange  Peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  sice.  £Q; 
Union,  cort.  recent,  gj ;  caryopk.  cont,  £*»;  aq. 
fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.— PA.  L.)    Dose,  fgiss  to  fgij. 

Infusum  Brash,  Wort  —  L  Buchu,  Infoamm 
DiosmsB — i.  Bynes,  Wort. 

Infusum  Calum'b^,  I.  Calom'bai,  I.  Colombo, 
Infusion  of  Columba.  (CaJumb.  rod.  concis.  2**t 
aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and 
strain.— -Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  fgiss  to  f  gig. 

Infusum  Cap'sici,  Infusion  of  Cayenne  Pepper. 
(Capsic.  in  pulv.  crass.  Jas;   aq.  bulUent.  QJ. 


INFUSUM 


475 


'INFUSUM 


Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss. 

Infusum  Caryophyl'li,  Infusion  of  Clove*. 
(Caryoph.  contus.  3£y  j  a9*  bullient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain.)    Dose,  f5iss  to 

Infusum  Cascarit/la,  Infusion  of  Camarilla. 
(CascarilL  oontus.  J j  j  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain.)    Dose,  f^iss  to 

Infusum  Cassia  Senna,  I.  sennse  eompositum. 

Infusum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  Infusum  Ca- 
techu, I.  Aca'cia  Catechu,  Infusion  of  Catechu. 
(Catechu,  in  pulv.  %8s;  cinnam.  cont  SJJJ  aq. 
bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgiss  to  fjij. 

Infusum  Cincho'na,  I.  Cinchona  lancifo'lia, 
Infusion  of  Cinchona.  (Cinch,  oontus.  3 j  ;  aq. 
fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
This  infusion  may  also  be  made  from  the  same 
quantity  of  bark  in  coarse  powder  by  the  process 
of  displacement  with  hot  or  cold  water.  Dose, 
f3y  to  f  Jiij.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  has  an  Infu'sum  Cincho'na  fiava,  Infu- 
sion of  yellow  bark,  and  an  Infusum  Cinchona 
rubra,  infusion  of  red  bark,  which  are  prepared 
in  the  same  manner.  It  has  also  an  Infu'sum 
Cineho'na  Compositum,  which  is  made  as  follows: 
(Cinchon.  rubr.  in  pulv.  ^j  J  Acid.  Sulph.  aromat. 
13J  >  aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  oc- 
casionally shaking,  and  strain.)  Dose,  same  as 
the  last. 

Infusum  Cinchona  Compositum,  see  Infusum 
Cinchonas. 

Infusum  Cinchona  Flava,  see  Infusum  Cin- 
chonas. 

Infusum  Colombo,  I.  calumba. 

Infusum  Cuspa'ria,  /.  Angustufra,  Infusion 
of  Cuspa'ria.  (Cuspar.  cort.  contus.  5ss;  aq. 
bullient,  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  Digit a'lis,  7.  Digitalis  purpu'rea, 
Infusion  of  Foxglove.  (Digital.  3J  j  aq.  bullient. 
Oss :  tinct.  cinnamomi,  fjj.  Macerate,  and  add 
sp.  cinnam.  f5j.)     Dose,  f^j. 

Infusum  Dios'ma,  Ph.  IT.  S.,  1842,  Infusum 
Buchn,  Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  Infusion  of  Buchu.  (Di- 
<**■•  SJ  j  aQ*  &•*#*«•*•  Qj.  Macerate  for  four  hours 
in  a  covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph. U.S.)  Dose, 
fgjss. 

Infusum  Eupato'rii,  Infusion  of  Thorough- 
wort.  (Eupator.  5j ;  aq.  bullient,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  andstrain. — Ph.U.  S.)  Dose,  f^ij. 

Inftt8um  Gentia'na  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Gentian.  (Gentian,  cont.  qBb;  Au~ 
rant,  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa  SJj ;  alcohol,  dilut. 
f3*T»  aqua,  fjxij.  First  pour  on  the  acohol, 
and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water  ,*  then  ma- 
cerate for  twelve  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  6.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  f  5y. 

Marsden*s  Antiscorbu'tic  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corrosive  sub- 
limate in  an  infusion  of  gentian. 

Infu'sum  Hu'muli,  Infusion  of  Hops.  (Hu- 
mul.  Jss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Do6e,  fgiss  to 
fjiy. 

Infu'sum  Krame'ria,  Infusion  of  Rhat'any. 
{Kramer,  contus.  ^j;  aq.  bullient,  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  four  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
fgiss.  v 

Infusum  Lini,  I.  L.  eompositum. 

Infusum  Lini  Compos'itum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851), 
J.  Lini  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842),  I.  Lini  usitatin'simi, 
Infusion  of  Linseed,  Flaxseed  Tea.  (Lini  sem. 
cont.  5  ss  j  glycyrrh.  rod.  cont  gij ;  aqua  bullient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  four  hours,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
a  teacupfal.  ad  libitum. 


Infusum  Maltt,  Wort 

Infusum  Mentha  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Hint.  (FoL  menth.  sat.  sice  £jj ; 
aq.  fervent,  q.  s.  ut  colentur.  f^vj.  Macerate 
for  half  an  hour;  and,  when  cold,  strain  :  then 
add  —  sacch.  alb.  gij ;  ol.  menth.  sat.  gtt.  iij,  dis- 
solved in  tinct.  card.  c.  f  3ss. — Ph.  D.)    Dose, 

Infusum  Picis  Empyreumatica  Liquida,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  L  Picis  liquidum,  see  Pinna 
sylvestris. 

Infusum  Pruni Viroinia'na,  Infusion  of  Wild 
Cherry  Bark.  (Prun.  Virginian,  cont.  Jss; 
aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  U.  8.) 

Infusum  Quassia,  /.  Quassia  excel'sa,  Infu- 
sion of  Quassia.  ( Quassia  lign.  cone.  JJtf ;  aq. 
Oj.     Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)    Dose, 


Uj.     Macei 
fgj  to  f^i 


Infusum  Rhei,  An'ima  Bhei,  Infusion  of  Bhu- 
barb.  (Jihei,  cont.  gjj  aq.ferv.  Ops.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.)    Dose,  fgj  to  fjiv. 

Infusum  Rosa  Compos'itum,  /.  Rosa  Gal'liea, 
Infusion  of  the  Base.  (Bos.  Gallic,  giv;  aq.  bul- 
lient. Oiiss ;  acid,  sulph.  d.  f^iij ;  sacch.  purif. 
Jias.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the  acid ; — 
macerate  for  half  an  hour ;  strain,  and  add  the 
sugar.)    Dose,  f  Jiss  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Sarsaparil'la,  Infusion  of  Sarsa- 
parilla.  (Sarsaparill.  contus.  3J ;  aqua  b/dlient. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vessel, 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.    Dose,  f  3ij  to  f£iv. 

Infusum  Sassafras,  infusion  of  Sassafras 
Pith,  Mu'cilags  of  Sassafras  Pith.  (Sassafras 
medulL  Sp ;  aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  three  hours, 
and  strain.)  An  emollient  colly rium;  and  de- 
mulcent drink. 

Infusum  Senna,  I.  S.  Compos'itum,  I.  Cassia 
Senna,  I.  Senna  simplex,  Infusion  of  Senna. 
(Senna,  §j ;  coriandr.  cont.  SJj  J  aq.  bullient.  OJ. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose,  fjj 
to  fgiv. 

The  Black  Draught,  Black  Dose,  Haustus  H- 
oer,  is  usually  formed  of  this  infusion.  It  may 
be  made  of  infus.  senna,  fjv  j  aq.  cinnam.  f^j ; 
manna,  giv  j  magnes.  sulph.  £vj.  Dose,  a  wine- 
glassful. 

Selway's  Prepared  Essence  of  Senna  js  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves  in  combination 
with  an  alkali.  - 

Infusum  Senna  Compositum,  I.  sennas. 

Infusum  Serpbnta'ria,  Infusion  of  Virginia 
Snakeroot.  (Serpentar.  §ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss. 

Infusum  Simarou'ba,  Infusion  of  Simaronba. 
(Simaroub.  cort.  cont  Jss ;  aq.  fervent.  Oss.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  L.)  Dose, 

m- 

Infu'sum  Spige'lia,  Infusion  of  Pinkroot. 
(Spigel.  3BS;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  f§iv  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Tab'aci,  Infus\on  of  Tobacco.  (To- 
bacifol.  3J ;  aq.ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour, 
and  strain.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

Infusum  Tarax'aci,  Infusion  of  Dandelion, 
(Taraxac.  contus.  ^ijj  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Mace* 
rate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss,  as  a  diuretic,  <to. 

Infusum  Ulmi,  Infusion  of  Sh'p'pery  Elm, 
Slippery  Elm  Tea.  This  preparation,  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  made  by 
infusing  one  ounce  of  slippery  elm  bark  in  a  pint 
of  boiling  water. 

Infusum  Valeria'na,  Infusion  of  VaWrian, 
(Bad.valerian.  in  crass,  pulv.  £ss;  aq. bullient. Ctf* 


INGENIUM 


476 


INJECTION 


Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.— PA.  D.  and 
U.S.)    Dose,  giss  to  gij. 
Infusum  Zingib'erib,  Infusion  of  Ginger,  Gin- 

Sr  Tea.     (Zingib.  contus.  3bbj  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
acerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f  Ji??,  as  a  carminative. 

INGE'NIUM  ( Morbi).  The  genius  of  a  dis- 
ease. This  word  is  employed,  especially  by  tha 
French,  synonymously  with  nature.  They  speak, 
for  instance,  of  GSnie  injtammatoire,  bilieux,  Ac. 
Some,  also,  use  ginie  in  the  place  of  type  of  an 
intermittent. 

INGES'TA,  from  tn,  and  gerere,  geetum,  'to 
bear  or  carry  into.'  Substances,  introduced  into 
the  body  by  "the  digestive  passages;  as  food,  con- 
diments, drinks,  Ac. 

INGLU'VIES,  ApMtia,  Vtetu$  intemperan'- 
tia:  —  Gluttony,  Insatiableness ;  also,  the  Crop 
or  Oraw  of  Bird?,  (F.)  Jabot;  and  the  first  stomach 
or  paunch  of  ruminant  animals — Pen' via, Rumen, 
Venter  magnue.    Also,  the  Pharynx. 

INGRAS'SIAS,  APOPHYSES  OP.    The 
lesser  alse  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 
INGRAVIDATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 
INGRAVIDATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 
INGRESSUS  SUPERIOR,  Cardia. 
INGUEN,  Bubon,  Bubo,  'the  groin/    JSdoJ- 
©n,  ai&oiov,  He'patis  emuneto'ria,  (F.)  Aine.     The 
oblique  fold  or  depression  which  separates  the  ab- 
domen from  the  thigh.   It  is  only,  properly  speak- 
ing, a  line  that  extends  from  the  anterior  and  su- 
perior spinous  process  of  the  ilium  to  the  middle 
part  of  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis.    Also, 
the  genital  organs. 

IN'GUINAL,  Inguina'lis,  from  inguen,  'the 
groin.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  groin.  This 
epithet  has  been  given  to  various  parts  met  with 
in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  inguinal  region. 

IirauiNAL  Artery  is  that  portion  of  the  femoral 
artery  situate  immediately  beneath  the  crural 
arch  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Inguinal  Canal  is  a  canal,  about  two  inches 
in  length,  proceeding  obliquely  downwards,  in- 
wards and  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen ;  through  which  passes  the  spermatic  cord, 
in  men,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
women.  This  canal  is  formed,  inferiorly  and  an- 
teriorly, by  the  aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique 
muscle ;  posteriorly  by  the  fascia  transversalis, 
which  is  joined  to  the  preceding  aponeurosis,  and 
forms  with  it  a  deep  channel,  into  which  are  re- 
ceived the  lesser  oblique  and  transversalis  mus- 
cles. The  inguinal  canal  has  two  apertures ;  the 
one,  the  lower  and  inner,  is  oalled  the  inguinal  or 
abdominal  ring.  It  is  bounded  by  two  strong  ten- 
dinous pillars,  which  fix  it — the  innermost  to  the 
symphysis,  the  outermost  to  the  spine  of  the  pu- 
bis. The  upper  and  outer  aperture  is  formed  by 
the  fascia  transversalis.  From  the  edge  of  this 
aperture  arises  a  membranous  funnel, — a  pro- 
longation of  the  fascia  transversalis,  —  which  re- 
ceives the  spermatic  vessels ;  forms  their  proper 
sheath,  and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  tes- 
tide.  On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery. 
Above  it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis 
muscle :  and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  the  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  following  the  oblique 
direction  of  this  canal,  and  passing,  consequently, 
on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  artery,  the  viscera 
are  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute  internal  inguinal 
hernia. 

In'ouhcal  Re'oion,  Re'gio  inguina'lis,  Bubo, 
Inguen.    The  region  of  the  groin. 

Inguinal  Ring,  Abdom'inal  Ring,  Anrnulue 
abaom'inis,  (F.)  Anneau  Inguinal,  is  the  inferior 
aperture  of  me  inguinal  canal. 

IN'GUINO-OUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given  by 
Professor  Chausaier  to  the  middle  ramus  of  the 


anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve ;  be- 
cause it  Bends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  groin, 
scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior  part  of 
the  thigh. 

INH^RENS,  Inherent. 

INHALATIO,  Absorption,  Inhalation  — L  Cu- 
tis, see  Absorption. 

INHALA'TION,  Inhala'tio;  from  in  and  ha- 
lare,  '  to  breathe.'  The  act  of  drawing  air  or  va- 
pour into  the  lungs  —  Inhala'tio  pulmona'lis. 
Also,  absorption. 

INHA'LER.  Same  etymon.  An  apparatus 
for  inhalation.  Nudge's  Inhaler  is  an  apparatus 
for  inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  affections 
of  the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  pewter  tank- 
ard  provided  with  a  lid,  into  which  a  flexible  tube 
is  inserted.    Through  this,  the  vapour  is  inhaled. 

INHE'RENT,  Inherent,  (in,  and  hesre**.) 
That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined  or  united 
to  any  thing. 

Inherent  Cautery,  (F.)  Cautere  inherent,  is 
the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a  part 
until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep  eschar. 

INHUMA'TION,  lnhuma'tio,  from  inkumo,  (inf 
and  humus,) '  I  put  into  the  ground.'  lnhuma'tio. 
The  sepulture  of  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  polioe. 

INIAD,  see  Inial. 

IN'IAL,  from  tvtov,  the  ridge  of  the  occiput 
An  epithet,  proposed  by  Dr.  Barclay,  for  an  as- 
pect towards  the  plane  of  the  ridge  of  the  occi- 
put. Iniad  is  employed  by  him  adverbially  to 
signify  '  towards  the  inial  aspect.' 

INIODYMTJS,  Diprosopus. 

INION,  iviov.  Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
give  this  name  to  the  occiput,  or  the  ridge  of  the 
occiput j  others  to  the  back  part  of  the  neck,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  occiput  Blanchard  says  it  is 
the  commencement  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

INI'TIS,  Inohymeni'tis,  from  it,  gen,  tvo*  'a 
fibre,'  and  itie,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Fibrous  inflammation. 

INITIUM,  Arohe  —  L  Asperse  arterise,  Larynx 
—  i.  E  x  tube  ran  s  Coli,  Caecum. 

INIUM,  iviov.  The  nucha.  Also,  the  muscles 
at  the  back  of  the  neck.    See  Inion. 

INJACULA'TIO.  A  term  employed  by  Van 
Helmont  to  designate  an  acute  pain  of  the  sto- 
mach, with  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  body. 

INJECT'ED,  Injec'tus,  from  injicere,  (in,  and 
jaeere,  *  to  throw  into.'  The  face  and  other  parts 
are  said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives  them  an  evi- 
dent red  colour.  A  subject  or  part  of  a  subject 
is  also  said  to  be  injected,  when  its  vessels  have 
been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with  an  appropriate 
composition. 

INJECTION,  Injec'tio,  Eit*boli :  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  introducing,  by  means  of  a  sy- 
ringe or  other  instrument  a  liquid  into  a  cavity 
of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also  called  an 
injection.  Anatomists  use  injections  —  Injectio'- 
nee  anatom'icw — for  filling  the  cavities  of  ves- 
sels, in  order  that  they  may  be  rendered  more 
apparent,  and  their  dissection  be  facilitated.  For 
this  purpose,  they  employ  syringes  of  different 
dimensions,  and  various  materials.  The  most 
common  injections  are  made  of  soot  wax,  and 
turpentine,  coloured  with  lamp-black,  vermilion, 
Ac  There  are  three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  ana- 
tomists, —  the  coarse,  the  fine,  and  the  sWmrte, 
The  following  are  formulae  for  each. 

Coarse  Injection. 
No.  1. 
Pure  yellow  wax,  os.  xvj. 
Bleached  rosin,  os.  viij. 
Turpentine  varnish,  by  measure,  ox,  vj. 


INJECTION 


477 


INNOMINATUM 


No.  2. 
YeUow  rosin,  lb.  y. 
Yellow  wax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine  varnish,  a  sufficient  quantity  to 
make  the  mixture  flexible  when  cold. 
No.  3. 
Tallow,  lb.  ij. 
White  wax,  os.  x. 
Common  oil,  os.  vj. 
Pentee  fwrpenftiw,  os.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  oyer  a  slow  fire  or  oyer  boiling 

water. 
To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 
Red  —  add  vermilion,  os.  iij. 
Yellow  —  King* *  yellow,  os.  iiss. 
"White  —  best  flake  white,  ox.  vss. 

D  .    . .  f  beet  flake  white,  ox.  Hiss. 

raie-Mue     |  ^>u,  Mue  #mo^  0R  ^^ 

Dark-bine  —  blue  verditer,  os.  xsn. 
Black —  lamp-black,  os.  j. 

C  powdered  verdigris,  os.  ivss. 
Green  -j  beet  flake  white,  os.  iss. 

{powdered  gamboge,  os.  j. 

Fun  Ihjkction. 
Brown  spirit  varnish,  os.  iv. 
White  epirit  varnieh,  os.  iy. 
Turpentine  varnieh,  OS.  j. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermilion,  os.  j. 

Yellow  —  King* e  yellow,  ox.  J*> 

White—  fcert  _/?a£«  white,  os.  ij. 

t;«v*  m««  jJ*we  w,w  •■•«&#  os.  iss. 
Light-blue  |^  ^ata  wW^  ?J5  jf 

Bark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  os.  iy. 
Blaok — lamp-black,  os.  as. 

Hnnm  Ikjkotioic. 

Take  of  transparent  me,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Jeinglau,  os.  yiij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.    Dissolve. 
To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermilion,  os.  y. 
Yellow  —  King's  yeUow,  os.  iy. 
White  —  beH  flak*  white,  os.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  emalt,  os.  vuj. 

{powdered  verdigrie,  os.  iij. 
beet  flake  white,  dr.  ty. 
powdered  gamboge,  dr.  j. 
Blaok  —  lamp-black,  ox.  j. 
Beautiful  injections  are  made  with  ether  at 
the  menstruum. 

Cold  Injection. 
White  lead  and  red  lead,  each,  os.  iy ;  linseed 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  naste  when  they 
are  rubbed  well  together.  Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnieh,  os.  viij. 
The  advantage  of  this  mixture  is,  that  the  sub- 
ject need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injection 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towards 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the  reins, 
on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on  account  of 
their  valves,  to  send  the  injection  from  the  smaller 
divisions  towards  the  greater.  The  lymphatics 
are  usually  injected  with  mercury.  The  practi- 
tioner injects,  by  forcing  with  a  syringe,  liquids, 
such  as  emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant,  and  other 
decoctions  or  infusions,  into  different  hollow  or- 
gans, as  the  rectum,  vagina,  nasal  fossae,  urethra, 
tunica  vaginalis,  auditory  canal,  Ac,  to  fulfil  va- 
rious therapeutical  indications. 

The  following  injection  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended by  Dr.  Horner  to  preserve  the  dead 
body. 


Take  of  Liverpool  SL  Ubee, 
or  Turk's  /eland  Salt,      oz.  36  avoird. 
Nitrate  of  potassa,  "19 

Carbonate  o/eoda,  «     8 

Molaeeee  {Sugar-house,)    "     4  by  meas. 
Water,  six  pints. 

The  saline  constituents  to  be  dissolved  first  of 
all  in  boiling  hot  water j  the  molasses  to  be  after- 
wards stirred  in :  the  starch  to  be  mixed  well  with 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  then  to  be  stirred 
in  with  the  other  articles.  As  soon  as  it  begin* 
to  boil,  the  whole  mass  swells  up,  when  it  must 
be  removed  from  the  fire.  On  the  proper  reduc- 
tion of  temperature  it  is  fit  for  use. 

IxjKCTioir,  Matthbws's,  see  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis.  , 

iNJEcnoiivs  Anatomicjb,  see  Injection. 

INK,  Atramentum. 

IN-KNEED,  Entogonyankon. 

IN'NATE,  from  in,  and  natus,  '  born.'  Inborn. 

Inhati  Disbasbs,  Morbi  conna'ti,  M.  eongen'- 
iti,  (F.)  Maladies  innfes.  Diseases  with  which 
the  infant  is  born.  They  are  not  always  heredi- 
tary, as  hereditary  diseases  are  not  always  innate. 

INNERLEITHEN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "  St.  Ronan's  Well," 
contain  ohlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and  car- 
bonate of  magnesia. 

INNERVATION,  Innerva'tio,  from  in,  'in/ 
and  nervus,  'a  nerve.'  By  this  term  is  meant— 
the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various  or- 
gans;—  an  influence  of  whose  character  and 
source  we  are  ignorant  It  seems  to  resemble 
the  galvanic  or  electric  agencies.    See  Nerves. 

INNOMINA'TUM,  Anon'ymum,  from  in,  priv. 
and  nomen,  *  a  name.'  (F.)  Anonyme.  Having 
no  name. 

Ikmovhta'tA  Artb'riA,  Brachio-cephaPic  ar- 
tery, A.  brachio-ciphalique  (Ch.), — Arte'ria  anon'' 
yma,  Riaht  Subclavian,  (F.)  Artere  innominie,  is 
the  trunk  common  to  the  right  primitive  carotid 
and  to  the  subclavian.  It  arises  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  ascends  obliquely 
to  the  right,  along  the  trachea ;  and,  after  a  course 
of  about  an  inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks, 
which  go  off  at  right  angles.  The  one  hi  exter- 
nal—  the  right  subclavian  proper  ;  the  other  tti- 
perior — the  primitive  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 

ImtOKiNATA  Cabtilago,  Cricoid. 

IicHOMnfATA  Cav'itas.  A  cavity  of  the  outer 
ear,  between  the  helix  and  anthelix. 

ImroBiirATUB  Fora'v  bit.  A  foramen,  near  the 
middle  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa 
of  the  temporal  bone,  leading  backwards  for  the 
passage  of  the  Vidian  nerve,  reflected  from  the  2d 
branch  of  the  5th  to  the  portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 

IwifomwATA  Fossa,  see  Fossa. 

Innominata  LnneA,  see  Hio-pectinea  Linea. 

ImroMiNATi  vel  Awonyhi  Nbrti.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the  fifth 
pair. 

ImroxiNATUlf  Os,  Os  Coxen1 'diets,  Os  Costa,  Os 
anon'ymum,  Os  pelvis  later  a' U,  (F.)  Os  innominS, 
Os  Coxal,  Os  anonvme,  Ac  A  very  large,  flat 
bone,  which  forms  the  anterior  and  lateral  paries 
of  the  pelvis.  It  is  curved  upon  itself  in  two  op- 
posite directions.  In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it 
is  composed  of  three  portions ;  —  the  ilium,  ischi- 
um, and  pubis,  which  join  each  other  in  the  ace- 
tabulum. It  is  articulated  be/ore  with  its  fellow, 
—  behind,  with  the  sacrum  j  and  laterally  with 
the  femur. 

Ixhokinata  Mnfo'RA  OsSA, — Lesser  Ossainm 
nominatOf  Ossic'ula  innomina'ta.  Some  anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  th<  three  cuneiform 
bones  of  the  tarsus. 


INNOMINATUS 


478 


INSOMNIA 


Ihkohinata    Ossicula,   Innominate   minora 
ossa— i.  Tunica  Oeuli,  Sclerotic 

Innominatjs  Ykva  of  Vibubsews.  Vieussens 
has  given  this  name  to  two  or  three  veins,  which 
arise  on  the  anterior  surfaoe  and  right  margin  of 
the  heart,  and  open  into  the  auricle  towards  its 
right  margin.  The  term  Vkvm  Ixkomtkatm  of 
Meckel  is  given  to  the  brachiocephalic  veins, 
which  are  generally  included  in  the  description 
of  the  subclavian  vein,  and  correspond  to  the 
arterisB  innominate,  being  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  jugular  vein  and  the  subclavian 
properly  so  called,  which  correspond  to  the  oom- 
xnon  carotid  and  subclavian  arteries. 
INNOMINATUS,  Anonymous. 
INNUTRITIO  OSSIUM,  Rachitis. 
INOCULA'T10N,/»ocuJa'rto,/n«V'to,Jn#il"u> 
variola'rum,  from  inoculate,  (in,  and  oculue,  'an 
eye,')  'to  ingraft.'  Any  operation  by  which 
small-pox,  for  example,  may  be  artificially  com- 
municated, by  introducing  the  virus  of  the  parti- 
cular disease  into  the  economy,  by  means  of  a 
puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.  When  the 
word  inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually  means 
that  for  the  small-pox, —  Variolation. 

Inoculation,  Cowpox,  Vaccination — L  Jenne- 
fian,  Vaccination. 

INOC'ULATOR,  Same  etymon.  In'Htor.  One 
who  practises  inoculation. 
INODULAR  TISSUB,  see  Tissue,  inodular. 
INODULE,  Tissue,  inodular. 
INOHYLOMA,  Tumor,  fibrous. 
INOHYMENI'TIS:  from  tf,  gen.  tvos,  ca  fibre;' 
Stfirrv,  'a  membrane/  and  itie,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflamma'tio  tela  Jibro1 '*<».     Inflamma- 
tion of  the  fibrous  tissue. 
INOPOLYPUS,  see  Polypus. 
INORGAN'IC,  Inorgan *icu»,  Unorganized, 
(Fr.)  Inorganique ;  from  tn,  priv.  and  organum, 
'an  organ.'    A  term   applied  to  bodies  which 
have  no  organs ; — such  as  minerals.     At  the  pre- 
sent day,  naturalists  admit  of  but  two  classes  of 
bodies, — the  organized  and  inorganic.     Parte  of 
the  body  which,  like  the  epidermis,  are  devoid 
of  blood-vessels  and  nerves,  have  been  called  an- 
organic. 

INOSCLERO'MA,  from  ifcgen.  tvos,  'a  fibre/ 
and  cK\npu)fia}  'induration/     Induration  of  the 
fibrous  tissue. 
INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 
INQUIES,  Inquietude. 
INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude. 
INQUI'ETUDE,  Inquictu'do,  Jn'qniee,  Inquie- 
ta'tio,  Jactita'tio,  from  tn,  priv.  and  quiet,  '  rest' 
Agitation   or  trouble,   caused  by  indisposition. 
Restlessness. 
INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm. 
INQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

INSALIVA'TION,  Inealiva'tio,  from  tn,  and 
ealiva.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
and  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

INSALU'BRIOUS,  Inealu'brie,  Noee'roe,  ATo- 
eo'dee.  That  which  is  unhealthy,— which  injures 
the  health. 
INSANABILIS,  Incurable. 
INSANE,  Inta'nue;  from  tn,  'un/  and  eanue, 
'sound/  Aliena'tue,  Crazy,  Mad,  Non-eane,  De- 
mented, Deranged,  (F.)  Alitni,  Fou,  Ineenst.  One 
affected  with  mental  aberration,  or  of  unsound 
mind. 

INSANIA,  Mania— i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy— i.  Lu- 
pina,  Lycanthropia — i.  Puerperarum,  Mania,  puer- 
peral 

INSAN'ITY,  Inea'nia  ;  from  tn,  privative,  and 
smitft,  'sound/  Mental  aliena'tion,  Abaliena'tio 
tea  Alienatio  Mtntxt,  Arrep'tio,  Unsound  Mind, 


Derange1 'ment,  Deranged  '  inteUect,  Cra'mnem, 
Aphroe'ynl,  Ecphro'nia,  Ecphroe'yni,Paral'laai, 
Parallax' it,  Delir'ia,  Veea'nia,  Delirium,  (Crich- 
ton,)  Ineipien'tia,  (P.)  Folic,  tgarement  <T Esprit, 
Paraphrinie.  This  term  includes  all  the  varie- 
ties of  unsound  mind,  —  Mania,  Melancholia, 
Moral  Insanity,  Dementia,  and  Idiocy.  A  alight 
degree  of  insanity  is  sometimes  popularly  called 
"a  kink  in  the  head;"  in  Scotland,  "a  bee  in 
the  bonnet.*' 

Insanity,  Homicidal,  see  Homicidal— L  Inco- 
herent,  Dementia — L  Moral,   Pathomania— L 
Puerperal,  Mania,  puerperal— L  Senile,  Delirium 
senile — i.  Suicidal,  see  Suicide. 
INSANUS,  Insane. 
INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 
INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'E^  MUSCU- 
LORUM, Intereectio'nee  seu  Enervatio'nee  ten- 
din'ea  musculo' rum,  Intermedia  ligamenta'liattu 
ner'vea.     The   tendinous  portions   which   cross 
several  muscles,  and  especially  the  straight  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 
INSENESCENTIA,  Agerasia. 
INSENS&,  Insane. 

INSENSIBIL'ITY,  Anaethe'eia,  IneeneibiPi- 
ta».  Loss  or  absence  of  sensibility.  It  ia  very 
common  in  cerebral  affections,  and  may  extend 
to  every  part,  or  be  limited  to  one  or  more. 
Some  organs  are  much  more  sensible  than  others. 
The  bones,  cartilages,  ligaments,  Ac,  arc  insen- 
sible in  health,  but  acutely  sensible  in  disease. 

INSEN 'BIBLE,  Seneibilita'ti  earene.  That 
which  is  devoid  of  sensibility.  This  word  is  ap- 
plied, also,  to  phenomena  which  cease  to  be  ap- 
preciable to  the  senses.  Thus,  we  say,  the  pulse 
becomes  insensible. 

INSERTION,  Inser'tio,  Symphysis,  Eno'si*. 
from  inserere,  (in,  and  eerere,  'to  join  or  knit,') 
'to  ingraft/  (F.)  Attache.  The  attachment  of 
one  part  to  another.  Insertions  occur  chiefly  on 
bones,  cartilages,  and  fibrous  organs;  thus,  we 
speak  of  the  insertion  of  muscular  fibres  into  a 
tendon  or  aponeurosis;  the  insertion  of  a  tendon, 
aponeurosis,  or  ligament,  into  a  cartilage  or  bone. 
Tho  word  tnterft'on  has  likewise  been  used  by 
pathologists,  for  the  act  of  inoculating  or  intro- 
ducing a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,  from  ineidere,  (in,  and  eedere,) 
'  to  sit  in/    This  term  is,  sometimes,  applied  to  a 
vapour  bath,  the  person  being  seated  in  a  perfo- 
rated chair,  beneath  which  a  vessel,  filled  with 
hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some  plant,  is 
placed.    See  Semicupium. 
INSESSUS,  Bath,  halt 
INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'tatis.    Any  thing  which 
swims  on  or  in  the  urine.    It  is  opposed  to  the 
Hypos' tasis  or  subsiden'tia. 
INSIPIENTIA,  Insanity. 
INSISIO  CILIORUM,  Blepharoplastic*. 
INSITIO,  Inoculation— i.  Dentis,  Transpknt- 
atio  Dentis — i.  Variolarum,  Inoculation. 

INSOLA'TION,  Ineola'tio,  from  tn,  and  mi, 
'  the  sun  /  Aprica'tio,  Belio'sis,  HeWasie,  ITerw- 
no'eie,  Siri'asis.  Exposure  to  the  sun.  Exposure 
of  a  patient  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes, 
had  recourse  to,  with  the  view  of  rousing  the 
vital  forces  when  languishing,  or  of  producing 
irritation  of  the  skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  coup  de  eoleiL 

In  Pharmacy,  insolation  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical  substances. 

INSOLAZIONE  DE  PRIMIVERA,  Pel- 
lagra. 

INSOM'NIA,  Intom'nitae,  Sahara,  Zaara^ 
Pervigil'ium,  Pemorta'tio,  Ayp'nia,  Agryp'mit^ 
Ahyp'nia,  Anyp'nia,  Typhoma'nia,  Sleep' lernnee*, 
Vig"ilance,from  tn,  privative,  and  somnus,  'sleep,* 


IXSOMNIUM 


4W 


INTEMPERANCE 


'absence  of  sleep/  'This  may  exist  alone,  and 
constitute  a  true  disease ;  or  it  may  be  connected 
with  another  affection.  It  is  an  unequivocal  sign 
of  suffering  in  some  organ ;  even  when  the  pa- 
tient experiencos.no  pain. 

INSOMNIUM,  Somnium. 

INSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dioo-legal. 

INSPIRATEUR,  Inspiratory. 

INSPIRATION,  Inspira'tio,  Empneumato'sie, 
Eisp'noi,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from  tn,  'in/ 
and  spiro,  '  I  breathe.'  The  action  by  which  the 
air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs.  A 
movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As  re- 
gards the  average  quantity  of  air  received  into 
the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  mnoh  dis- 
crepancy amongst  observers.  The  following  table 
sufficiently  exhibits  this : — 

Cubic  inches  at 
each  inspiration. 

Reil 42  to  100 

Menzies, 
Sauvages, 
Hales, 
Haller, 

Ellis,  r 40 

Sprengel, 
SSmmering, 
Thomson, 
Bostoek, 

Jurin '. 35  to  38 

Fontana 35 

Richerand 30  to  40 

Dalton 30 

Jeffreys 26 

Herbst 24  to  30 

Herholdt 20  to  20 

Jurine  and  Coathupe 20 

Allen  and  Pepys 16$ 

J.  Borelli 15  to  40 

Goodwyn 14 

SirH.  Davy 13  to  17 

Abernethy  and  Mojon 12 

Kentsch 0  to  12 

Inspiration  of  Venous  Blood.  By  this  is 
meant  the  aspiration  of  blood  towards  the  heart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vacuum  pro- 
duced by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during  in- 
spiration. 

INSPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Inspira- 
tio'ni  inser'viene,  (F.)  Inspirateur.  A  name  given 
to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction,  augment 
the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  produce  inspira- 
tion. The  diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles 
are  the  chief  agents  of  inspiration.  In  cases 
where  deep  inspirations  are  necessary,  the  action 
of  these  muscles  is  aided  by  the  contraction  of 
the  pectoralis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  subcla- 
ims, serratus  major  anticus,  scaleni,  serratus  pos- 
ticus superior,  Ac.  Most  of  these  muscles  be- 
come inspiratory,  by  taking  their  fixed  point  at 
the  part  which  they  ordinarily  move,  and  elovat- 
ing  the  ribs. 

INSPISSA'TIO,  Pucno'sis,  from  in,  and  spis- 
sare,  'to  thicken/  The  act  of  rendering  tbiok; 
as  in  the  formation  of  an  extract — Succtts  Inspis- 
sa'tus. 

INSTEP,  Collum  pedis,  (F.)  Coude-pied,  Cou 
du  pied.  The  projection  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
foot,  near  its  articulation  with  the  leg — the  tarsus. 

INSTILLATIO,  Instillation. 

INSTILLA'TION,  Enstalax'is,  Instilla'tio, 
from  in, '  into/  and  stilla,  '  a  drop.'  The  act  of 
pouring  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  Instine'tue,  (in,  and  strnguo,  'I 
sting/) '  inwardly  moved/  Bru'tia,  Horme.  The 
action  of  the  living  principle,  whenever  manifestly 
directing  its  operations  to  the  health,  preservation, 


or  reproduction  of  a  living  frame  or  any  part  of 
such  frame — Moli'men  natu'ra  salnta'rium.  The 
law  of  instinct  is,  consequently,  the  law  of  the> 
living  principle,  and  instinctive  actions  are  the 
actions  of  the  living  principle.  Instinct  is  natu- 
ral.    Reason  is  acquired. 

INSTINCTIVE,  Instinc'tus.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  or  caused  by  instinct ;  as  instinctive 
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those  instinctive  ac- 
tions of  animals  which  are  owing  to  impressions 
made  on  the  sensory  ganglia,  exciting  respondent 
motor  influences  that  are  propagated  to  the  va- 
rious muscles  of  the  body,  are  termed  consen- 

INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  see  Theory 
of  medicine. 

INSTITUTUM  ORTHOP-ffiDICUM,  Ortho- 
pedic institution. 

INSTRUMENT,  Initrwnen'tum,  Or'ganum,  A 
tool,  an  agent. 

INSTRUMENTA,  Pudibilia. 

INSTRUMEN'TUM  CHIRUR'GICUM.  A 
surgical  tool  or  instrument. 

Instrumbhtum  Digestion.  The  digestive 
apparatus. 

iNBTBUVKimnC  IlTSTRUMBNTORUlT,  Man  US. 

INSUFFICIENCY,  from  in,  and  sufficient 
Inadequateness  to  any  end  or  purpose, — as  /«- 
sufficiency  of  ike  valves  of  the  heart;  (F.)  Inenffi- 
sanee  dee  valvule*  du  Camr; — a  condition  in  which 
they  are  not  adapted,  as  in  health,  to  properly 
close  the  apertures. 

INSUFFISANCE  DES  VALVULES  DV 
CCEURj  Insufficiency  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 

INSUFFLATION,  Insuffia'tio,  from  in,  tub, 
and  flare,  'to  blow.'  The  act  of  blowing  a  gae 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body ;  as  when 
tobacco  smoke  is  injected  into  the  rectum;  or 
when  air  U  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-born 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 

INSULA,  Insula  cerebri. 

In'sula  Cbr'ebri,  Island  or  In' tula  of  JReiL 
The  intermediate  lobe  of  the  brain,  Lobus  inter- 
me'dius  eer'ebri.  A  remarkable  group  of  convolu- 
tions within  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  It  is  called, 
by  Cruveilhier,  Lobule  of  the  Fissure  of  Sylvius, 
Lobule  of  the  corpus  striatum.  The  'island'  of 
Reil,  with  the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the 
base  of  the  corpus  striatum. 

Insula  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

INSULTUS,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INSURANCE  OF  LIFE,  see  Life  Insurance. 

INTEORITAS,  Sanitas,  Virginity. 

INTEG'UMENT,  Integumen'tum,  Tegumen'- 
tum,  Teg'umen,  Teamen,  Teamen,  Involu'crum 
sen  Velamen'tum  eorp'oris  commu'ni  /  Vela' men 
sen  Velamentum  nati'vum,  from  tn  and  teaere,  'to 
cover.'  (F.)  Ttgument.  Any  thing  which  serves 
to  cover,  to  envelop.  The  skin,  including  the 
cuticle,  rete  muooeum,  and  cutis  vera  is  the  com* 
man  integument  or  tegument  of  the  body. 

INTEGUMEN'TA  FGETtfS.  The  membranes 
surrounding  the  foetus  in  utero. 

IN'TELLECT,  Intellects,  Nous,  Mens,  Gnotni, 
Noos,  JVfl«,  Noe'sis,  Syn'esis,  from  intelligere, 
(inter,  'between/  and  legere,  'to  choose/)  'to 
understand/  'conceive/  'know/  (F.)  Entende- 
ment,  Intelligence.  The  aggregate  of  the  intel- 
lectual faculties — perception,  formation  of  ideas, 
memory,  and  judgment 

Intbllbct,  Dbbanged,  Insanity. 

INTELLIGENCE,  Intellect 

INTEM'PERANCE,  Intempcran'tia  ;  Immode- 
ran'Ha,  Immodera'tio,  Acra'sia,  Acola'sia,  Pies'" 
monS,  Amet'ria,  Aples'h\  from  in,  'negation/ 
and  temperare,  '  to  temper"'  Immoderate  use  of 
food  and  drink,  especially  'he  latter  j — a  fruitroj 
source  of  disease. 


INTEMPERIE8 


480 


INTERLOBULAR 


UTTEMPER'IES.  Same  etymon.  Dueera'eia. 
Derangement  in  the  constitution  of  the  atmo- 
sphere and  of  the  seasons ;  bad  constitution ;  de- 
rangement or  disorder  in  the  humours  of  the 
bodr. 
INTENSIVUS,  Entaticos. 
INTEN'TION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendere, 
'to  stretch/  Propoe'itunu  The  object  which 
one  proposes.  In  surgery,  a  wound  is  said  to  heal 
by  the  first  intention,  Reu'nio  per  primam  inten- 
tto'nem,  when  cicatrization  occurs  without  suppu- 
ration ;  union  by  the  eecond  intention,  Reu'nio  per 
eecun'dam  intentio'nem,  being  that,  which  does 
not  occur  until  the  surfaces  have  suppurated. 
To  obtain  union  by  the  first  intention,  the  edges 
of  a  recent  wound  must  be  brought  in  apposition 
and  kept  together  by  means  of  adhesive  plasters 
and  a  proper  bandage.  Delpech  has  substituted 
for  those  expressions,  Reunion  primitive,  andifc- 
union  eecondaire. 

INTERANEA,  Entrails. 
INTERARTIC'ULAR,/ntorarttc«Ja'W#.  Parts 
situate  between  the  articulations  are  so  called ; 
as  interarlieular  cartilages,  interartieular  liga- 
ments, Ac. 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Intercaden'tia,  Interei- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between/  and  eadere,  'to 
iaU.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  so  that, 
©very  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary  pulsation 
occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be 
intercurrent* 

INTER'CALARY,  Intereala'ris,  Inter'cident, 
from  interealare,  'to  insert.'  Emhol'imoe,  Inter- 
pola'tue,  Provocate' riu*.  The  days  which  occur 
between  those  that  are  critical.  The  term  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  the  days  of  apyrexia  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

INTERCELLULAR  PAS'SAGES.    A  term 
given  by  Mr.  Rainey  to  irregular  passages  through 
the  substance  of  the  lung,  whioh  form  the  termi- 
nations of  the  bronohial  tubes,  are  olustered  with 
air-cells,  and  not  lined  by  mucous  membrane. 
Intercellular  Substance,  see  Cytoblastema. 
INTERCEP'TIO,  from  tutor,  'between,'  and 
oapere,  'to  take.'    A  bandage,  by  the  aid  of 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  material  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism; and  which  consisted  in  covering  the 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool;   surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
from  the  fingers  to  the  axilla,  or  from  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 
Intrrceptio  Intesttnoruy,  Hens. 
INTERCERVICAUX,  Interspinal*  oollL 
INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary. 
INTERCIDENTIA,  Interoadenee. 
INTERCILIUM,  Mesophryon. 
INTERCLAVICULAR,  Inter clavicula'rU, 
from  inter, '  between,'  and  clavicula,  '  a  clavicle.' 
That  whioh  is  placed  between  the  clavicles. 

Interclavicular  Lio'amint  is  a  fibrous  bun- 
dle, placed  transversely  above  the  extremity  of 
the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the  two  clavi- 
cles. This  ligament  is  flat  Its  fibres,  which 
are  always  longer  above  than  below,  are  sepa- 
rated by  small  apertures,  whioh  are  traversed  by 
vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation  of  the  two 
clavicles  in  the  forced  depression  of  the  shoulder. 
INTERCOS'TAL,  Intercoeta'lie,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  coeta,  'a  rib.'  Meeopleu'rue,  Me- 
eopleu'riue.  That  which  is  situate  between  the 
ribs.    (F.)  Soue-coetaL 

Intercostal  Ar'te  ribs  vary  in  number.  There 
is  constantly,  however,  a  eupe'rior,  Arte'ria  In- 
tercoeta'lie eupe'rior  vol  Intercoeta'lie  eubela'via, 
which  is  given  off  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
subclavian,  and  which  sends  branches  into  the 
first  two  or  three  intercostal  spaces;  and,  gene- 


nUT)  eight  or  nine  inferior  or  aortic  intercoetah. 
These  arise  from  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  pectoral  aorta,  and  ascend  obliquely  in 
front  of  the  vertebral  column,  to  gain  the  inter- 
costal spaces,  where  they  divide  into  a  doreal 
branoh  and  an  intercoetal,  properly  so  called. 

Intercostal  Muscles  are  distinguished  into 
internal,  —  inter-pUvrocoetaux  of  Dumas,  — and 
external.  The  former  are  inserted  into  the  inner 
lip,  the  latter  into  the  outer  lip  of  the  edge  of  the 
ribs.  The  fibres  of  the  external  intercoetale  are 
directed  obliquely  downwards  and  forwards ;  and 
those  of  the  internal  downwards  and  backwards. 
Both  are  inspiratory  or  expiratory  muscle*,  ac- 
cording as  they  take  their  origin  on  the  upper  or 
lower  rib.  Some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  seen  occa- 
sionally at  the  inner  surface  of  the  thorax,  de- 
scending obliquely  from  one  rib  to  another,  have 
been  called  Infracoetalee. 
Intercostal  Nerve,  Trisplanobnio  nerve. 
Intercostal  Nerves,  Branchee  eouecoetalee 
(Ch.),  Coetal  or  Doreal  nervee,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  muscles  of  the  parietos  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Intercostal  Space,  Interval'lum  sen  Inter- 
stit"  turn  intercoeta'li,  Meeopleu'rum,  Afeeoplev'- 
rium,  is  the  interval  which  separates  one  rib  from 
that  immediately  above  or  below  it 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.  The  right  superior  intercoetal  vein  is 
often  wanting.  When  it  exists,  it  opens  into  the 
back  part  of  the  subclavian.  The  same  vein  of 
the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicates  with 
the  demi-azygoB,  receives  the  left  bronchial  vein, 
and  opens  into  the  corresponding  subclavian. 
The  right  inferior  intercoetal  veins  open  into  the 
vena  asygos;  and  those  of  the  left  into  the  demi- 
asygos. 

INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL  NERVES.  So 
called  from  their  origin  and  distribution.  They 
are  the  cutaneous  branches  of  the  second  and 
third  intercostal  nerves. 

INTERCURRENT,  Inter  cur' r ens,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  currere,  'to  run.'  Diseases  are 
so  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons  of 
the  year,  or  which  cannot  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  any  particular  season.  —  Sydenham. 
A  disease  is  likewise  so  termed  whioh  occurs  in 
the  course  of  another  disease,  as  Intercurrent 
Pneumonia. 

INTERCUTANEUS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TITJM,  from  inter,  *  between/  and 
dene,  'a  tooth.'  The  interval  between  teeth  of 
the  same  order. — Linden. 

INTERDIQITAIRE,  Interdigital. 

INTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigita'lie,  (F.)  Inter, 
diaitaire,  same  etymon  as  the  next  That  which 
relates  to  the  spaces  between  the  fingers.  Inter- 
digital epace,  (F.)  Eepace  interdigitaire,  is  used, 
also,  for  the  commissure  between  the  fingers. 

INTERDIGIT"ItJM,  from  inter,  'between,' 
and  dioitue,  '  a  finger.'  A  corn  or  wart,  which 
grows  between  the  fingers  and  toes,  especially 
between  the  latter.  —  Pliny. 

INTERiPINEUX  OERVICAUX,  InterapU 
nales  collL 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

ENTERFCEMINEUM,  Perinamm,  Vulva. 

INTERFORAMINEUM,  Perineum. 

INTERGANGLION'IC,/nt«fyafio*Wtf«e, 
from  inter,  '  between/  and  ganglion, *  a  knot'  An 
epithet  for  nervous  cords,  placed  between  gan- 
glia, which  they  connect  together. 

INTERITUS,  Death. 

INTERLOBULAR, /n*Wohrfa'rw,f 


INTERMAXILLARY 


481 


IKTIBOSSMTO 


■between,'  and  lobulus,  'a  small  lobe.'    That 
whiMi  is  between  lobes, — as  of  the  lungs. 

Is  iErlobular  Fissure.  The  interval  between 
the  lobules  of  the  liver.    See  Liver. 

INTERLOBULAR  P LEX US  OF  THE  BiLIARTDuCTS. 

See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter- 
stices formed  in  the  liver  by  the  apposition  of 
several  lobules. 

Interlobular  Tissue,  Textum  interlobular  re, 
Ligamen'ta  interlobular' ria  pulmofnunu  The  cel- 
lular tissue  between  the  pulmonary  lobules* 

Interlobular  Veins,  see  Liver. 

INTERMAX'ILLARY,  Intermaxilla'ris,  from 
inter,  'between/  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  That 
which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary  bones. 

Intervaxxllart  Bone,  Inci'sive,  PaVatine,  or 
Labial  bone,  is  a  bony  portion,  wedged  in  between 
the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  which  supports 
the  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is  found  in  the 
saammalia;  and,  also,  in  the  human  foetus. 

INTERMltDE,  Excipient 

INTERMEDIA  LIGAMENT  ALIA  sen  NER- 
YKA,  Inscriptiones  tendinem  musculorum. 

INTERM&DIAIRE  BE  WRISBERQ,  Por- 
tio  Wrisbergii. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMENT,  PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis. 

INTERMIS'SION,  Intermit'rio,  JDialeip'su, 
Dialip'tit,  Temptu  intercalate,  Interval' htm,  from 
inter,  'between/  and  mittere,  'to  put  or  send.' 
(P.)  Intermittent*.  The  interval  which  occurs 
between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermittent  or 
other  disease— during  which  the  patient  is  almost 
in  his  natural  state.  There  is  said  to  be  inter- 
mutton  of  the  pulse,  when,  in  a  given  number  of 
pulsations,  one  or  more  may  be  wanting. 

INTER  MITTENOE,  Intermission. 

INTERMITTENT,  Intermit'tens.  Same  ety- 
mon.   That  which  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Fever,  Febris  intermit? ten*,  Di- 
sleip'yra,  Intermittens,  An'etue,  Pyretolypo1 tie, 
Ague,  Ague  and  Fever,  Fever  and  Ague,  Palu'dal 
Fever,  Period'ie  Fever,  (P.)  Filvre  intermittent*, 
F.  eTAcch,  F.  de*  marai*,  F.  PSriodique,  is  a  fever 
consisting  of  paroxysms,  with  a  complete  state 
of  apyrexia  in  the  intervals.  The  chief  types 
are  the  Quotidian,  Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The 
symptoms  of  intermittent  are  those  of  a  decided 
and  completely  marked  cold  *tage:  (F.)  Stade  de 
froid,  attended  with  paleness;  collapse;  im- 
paired sensibility;  and  coldness,  more  or  less 
diffused,  followed  by  general  rigors.  After  this 
occurs  the  hot  stage  j  Stade  de  la  Ohaleur,  the 
heat  returning  partially  and  irregularly,  and  at 
length  becoming  universal,  and  much  above  the 
standard  of  health.  The  pulse  is  now  hard  and 
strong;  tongue  white;  urine  high-coloured;  thirst 
considerable.  At  length,  the  sweating  stage,  (F.) 
Stade  de  Sueur,  makes  its  appearance ;  the  mois- 
ture usually  beginning  on  the  forehead,  face,  and 
neck,  and  soon  extending  universally ;  the  heat 
abating ;  thirst  ceasing;  the  urine  throwing  down 
a  sediment,  and  the  functions  being  gradually  re- 
stored to  their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is 
the  most  common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  se- 
vere. The  quotidian  more  readily  changes  into 
a  remittent  and  continued  fever.  The  quartan 
has,  generally,  the  longest  cold  stage,  the  tertian 
the  longest  hot.  The  chief  exciting  cause  is  marsh 
miasmata.  Ague,  also,  occurs  in  districts  where 
there  are  no  marshy  emanations.  Such  districts 
are,  generally,  of  a  volcanic  nature ;  farther  we 
know  not  When  the  disease  has  once  attacked 
an  individual,  it  is  apt  to  recur.    The  prognosis 

I 


is,  in  general,  favourable,  as  far  as  regards  llfcj 
but  long  protracted  intermittent*  are  apt  to  in* 
duee  visceral  obstructions  and  engorgements, 
which  may  end  in  dropsy.  In  some  countries, 
the  disease  is  of  a  very  pernicious  character.  The 
indications  of  treatment  are,  1.  To  abate  the  vio- 
lence of  the  paroxysm ;  and,  2.  To  prevent  its 
return.  The  first  indication  requires  the  adop- 
tion of  the  general  principles  and  remedies  re- 
quired in  ordinary  fever.  The  second  is  the  most 
important.  The  period  of  apyrexia  is  that  for 
action.  The  means  for  fulfilling  this  indication 
are :  —  the  use  of  emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona, 
quinia,  Ac,  arsenic,  and  forcible  impressions  made 
on  the  mind  of  the  patient. 

INTERMUSCULAR,  Intermuscular,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  musculus,  'a  muscle.'  That 
which  is  placed  between  muscles. 

Intbrxub'oular  Aponeuroses  are  aponeu- 
rotic laminae  or  septa,  situate  between  muscles, 
to  which  they  often  give  attachment. 

INTER'NAL,  Inner,  Inter'nus.  That  which  is 
placed  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
parts  that  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
plane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those  which 
correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  say — the  in- 
ner surface  of  the  arm  or  thigh — the  inner  turf  ace. 
of  the  skull,  Ac. 

Internal  Diseases,  Morbi  inter'ni,  are  those 
which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body.  Their 
investigation  belongs  to  the  physician ;  external 
diseases  falling  under  the  management  of  the 
surgeon. 

INTERNA  T.   The  post  or  office  of  an  interne. 

INTERNE,  see  House-Surgeon. 

INTERNODIA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers  —  i.  Digitorum  pedis,  Pha- 
langes of  the  toes. 

INTERNO'DIUM,  Mesagon'ium,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  nodus,  'a  knot'  The  part  of  the 
fingers  between  the  joints.    A  phalanx. 

INTERNUN'CIAL,  Internuncio  lie,  from  infer, 
'between,'  and  nuncius, ' a  messenger.'  Relating 
or  belonging  to  a  messenger  between  parties.  A 
term  applied  by  Mr.  Hunter  to  the  function  of 
the  nervous  system. 

INTERNUNTII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

INTERNUS  AURIS,  Tensor  tympani— i.  Mal- 
lei, Tensor  tympani. 

INTEROS'SEI  rRDISfMitatarto-phalangien- 
lateral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement,  shape, 
and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the  case  of 
the  preceding  muscles.  Four  are  dortal,  and 
three  plantar:  six  belong  to  the  three  middle  toes 
and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great  toe  is  devoid 
of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are  distinguished, 
in  each  toe,  into  abductor  and  adductor. 

INTERROS'SEOUS,  Interos'seus.  That  which 
is  situate  between  the  bones;  from  inter,  'be- 
tween,' and  os, '  a  bone.' 

Interosseous  Ar'terirs  of  the  Forearm 
and  Hand.  Of  these  there  are  several.  1.  The 
common  interosseous  artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipital 
tuberosity  of  the  radius ;  passes  backwards  and 
divides  into  two  branches :  the  one  called  ante- 
rior interosseous  descends  vertically,  anterior  to 
the  interosseous  ligament;  the  other,  called  pos- 
terior interosseous,  passes  above  that  ligament, 
appears  at  its  posterior  part  and  divides  into  two 
great  branches,  —  the  posterior  recurrent  radial 
and  the  posterior  interosseous,  properly  so  called. 
In  the  hand,  —  1.  The  dorsal  metacarpal  intcrot- 
teout  arteries  are  given  off  by  the  dorsalis  carpi, 
a  division  of  the  radial  artery.  2.  The  Palmar 
interrosteous  arteries,  which  arise  from  the  con- 
vexity of  the  deep  palmar  arch,  and  give  off  the 


INTEROSSEUX 


482 


INTERTRANSVERSALIfl 


middle  interosseous  arteries.  3.  The  dorsal  inter- 
osseous of  the  index,  proceeding  directly  from  the 
radial  artery.  In  the  foot,  are  distinguished :  — 
1.  The  dortal  interosseous  arteries,  three  in  num- 
ber, which  arise  from  the  artery  of  the  metatar- 
sus, a  branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarsi.  2.  The  plantar 
interosseous  arteries,  which  are,  also,  three  in 
number,  and  arise  from  the  plantar  arch. 

Interosseous  Lig'aments.  Ligaments  seated 
between  certain  bones,  which  they  unite ;  such 
are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibia  and  fibula. 

Interosseous  Muscles.  These  occupy  the 
spaces  between  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus  and 
metatarsus ;  and,  consequently,  belong, — some  to 
the  hand,  others  to  the  foot 

Interosseous  Nerve  is  a  branch,  given  off  by 
the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  accompanying  the  artery  of 
the  same  name. 

Interosseous  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

Interosseus  Man  us,  (F.)  Muscle  interosseux 
de  la  main. — M4tacarpo-pkalangien-lat6ral  sus- 
palmaire  et  mttacarpo-phalangien  lateral,  (Ch.) 
These  muscles  are  seven  in  number;  two  for  each 
of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for  the  little 
finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They  are  inserted 
into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and  send  a  tondon  to 
the  tendon  of  the  extensor  communis.  Accord- 
ing to  their  office,  they  are,  to  each  finger,  an  ad- 
ductor and  an  abductor.  The  index  has  a  dorsal 
abductor  and  a  palmar  one.  The  middle  finger 
has  two  dorsal  muscles  for  adductor  and  abduc- 
tor; the  ring  finger  has  a  dorsal  adductor  and  a 
palmar  abductor;  and  the  little  finger  has  only 
one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar. 
These  muscles  produce  abduction  and  adduction 
of  the  fingers,  which  they  can  also  extend,  owing 
to  their  connexion  with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Interosseus  Secundub,  Prior  medii  digiti — i. 
Quartos,  Prior  annularis. 

JNTEROSSEUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Interosseus 
manfls. 

INTERPARIETAL  BONE,  Oe  Interparie- 
ta'li.  A  bone  found  in  the  skulls  of  tho  children 
of  the  Peruvian  races.  It  lies  in  the  situation 
of  the  upper  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  where 
the  parietal  bones  separate  from  each  other ;  and 
is  the  analogue  of  the  interparietal  bone  of  ru- 
minants and  carnivora. — Tschudi. 

INTERPELLA'TUS,  (Morbus,)  from  interpeU 
to,  'I  interrupt'  A  term,  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  those  diseases  whose  progress  is  une- 
qual, and  paroxysms  irregular. 

INTER&LJSVRO-COSTAVX,  Intercostal 
jiuscles. 
JNTERPOLATUS,  Intercalary. 

INTERRUPTIO  MENSTRUATIONIS,  Ame- 
norrhea a. 

INTERSCAPULAR,  Interscapulars,  (inter, 
and  scapula.)  That  whieh  is  between  the  shoul- 
ders ;  as  the  interscapular  region.  The  interscap- 
ular cavities,  Cavita'tes  interscapula'res,  are  tho 
depressions  between  the  scapulae  and  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

INTERSECTIO,  Decussation,  Intersection. 

INTERSECTION,  Int ersec'tio,  Diac'opi,  from 
inter,  *  between,'  and  seco,  '  I  cut'  The  point 
where  two  lines  meet  and  out  each  other.  The 
name  aponeurotic  intersection  is  given  to  fibrous 
bands,  which  certain  muscles  present  in  their 
length,  and  by  which  they  seem  interrupted. 
AponeuroUo  intersections  are  found  in  the  recti 


museles  of  the  abdomen ;  mi  the  semi-membrane 
bus,  complexus,  stern o-thyroideus,  Ac. 

INTERSECTIONS  TENDINEJS  MUSCU- 
LORUM, Inscriptiones  ten  dine  00  musculorum. 

INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS^  Medi- 
astinum. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALIA  PACCHI- 
ONI,  Tentorium. 

INTERSEP'TUM,  from  inter,  'between/  and 
septum,  'a  partition.'  Cion,  uiuv.  The  uvula; 
also,  the  septum  narium.    The  diaphragm. 

Interseptum  Narium,  Septum  narium — i.  Vir- 
ginale,  Hymen. 

INTERSPINAL,  Interspinals,  from  inter, 
f  between/  and  spina,  *  the  spine.'  That  which  ia 
seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

Interspinal  Lig'amext,  Membra' na  interspi- 
nals, (F.)  Ligament  intcrSpineux.  These  occupy 
the  intervals  between  the  spinous  processes  in  the 
back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they  are  replaced 
by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name.  They  prevent 
the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine,  and  keep  the 
spinous  processes  in  situ. 

INTERSPINALS  COLLI,  Spina'lcs  Colli 
mino'res,  Spina' ti,  (F.)  Inter(pineux-cervicaux, 
Intercervicaux,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occupy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  inter- 
vals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebra,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and  vertebra) 
dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervical  and  first 
dorsal  vertebrae.  They  are  flat,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral. These  muscles  contribute  to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  neck  and  to  throwing  the  head  back- 
wards. 

Interspinales  Dorsi  et  Luxbo'ruv;  por- 
tions of  the  Transversaire-fpineux  of  Boycr,  and 
the  sacrospinal  of  Chaussier.  These  muscles  are 
of  two  kinds.  The  one  (Muscle  grand  fpineux 
du  dos,  of  Winslow)  representing  fleshy  bundles 
of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes,  from  the  third 
dorsal  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar.  The  other 
(Muscle  petit  (pineux  du  dos,  Winslow)  covered 
by  the  preceding.  They  are  situate  on  each  side 
of  the  interspinal  ligament,  in  the  form  of  small, 
short  flat  bundles,  which  pass  from  one  spinous 
process  to  tho  second,  third  or  fourth  above  it. 
These  muscles  aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn ;  and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  when 
they  act  on  one  side  only. 

IN'TERSTICE,  Inter stit" turn,  Areeo'ma,  from 
inter,  l between/  and  sto,  'I  stand.'  Diaste'ma, 
Interval' lum.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name 
to  the  intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest, 
crista  ilii,  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in. 
terstice  between  them,  which  affords  attachment 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Interstice,  Pore. 

INTERSTIT"IAL,  Interstitia'lis,  same  ety- 
mon. Applied  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  inter- 
stices of  an  organ,  —  as  *  interstitial  absorption/ 
'  interstitial  pregnancy/  Ac. 

INTERSTITIUM,  Interstice— i.  Ciliare,  Cili- 
ary ligament — i.  Intercostale,  Intercostal  space— 
i.  Jugulare,  Throat 

INTERTINCTUS,  Discreet 

INTERTRACH&LIENS,  Intertransversales 
colli. 

INTERTRANSVERSAIRES  DBS 
LOMBES,  Intertransversales  lumborum. 

INTERTRANSVBRSA'LIS,  Intertransverse!: 
rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  vertebrae. 

Intertransversales  Colli,  (F.)  Intertnrmo- 
versaires  cervicaur,  Intertrachiliene,  (Ch.)  These 
are  small,  muscular  bundles ;  quadrilateral ;  thlm 
and  flat;  situate,  in  pairs,  in  tho  intervals  be- 
tween the  transverse  processes  of  the  neck,  ex* 


INTERTRIGO 


483 


INTRINSIC 


eept  between  the  first  and  second,  where  there  is 
only  one.  They  are  distinguished  into  anterior 
and  posterior.  The  former  are  six  in  number ;  the 
latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other,  and  con- 
tribute to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 

INTERTRANS  VERS  ALES  LuMBO'RUM,  MuSCuU  \1%- 

tertransversi  lumbo'rum,  (F.)  Intertransversaires 
des  lombes.  These  are  almost  entirely  fleshy,  and 
ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side.  They  are  si- 
milar to  the  preceding  in  general  arrangement ; 
except  that  they  are  more  marked,  and  not  placed 
in  two  rows.  Each  intertransverse  space  contains 
only  one.  They  are  quadrilateral,  and  flat  The 
first  occupies  the  space  between  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  lumbar  and  the  last  dorsal 
vertebra;  and  the  last  is  between  that  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertebrae.  These  mus- 
cles incline  the  lumbar  regions  laterally;  and 
straighten  it  when  inclined  to  one  side. 

INTERTRIGO,  Chafing— L  Podieis,  Chafing. 

INTERVAL,  LUCID,  see  Lucid. 

INTERVALLUM,  Intermission,  Interstice— I 
Intercostale,  Intercostal  space. 

INTERVENIUM,  Mesophlebium. 

INTERVERTEBRAL,  Intervertebra'lis,  (in- 
ter, and  vertebra.)  That  which  is  situate  between 
the  vertebra. 

Intervertebral  Car'tilages,  Intervertebral 
Jibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral  discs,  Ligamen'ta 
intervertebra'lia.  These  organs  are  of  a  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature;  sections  of  a  cylinder; 
flexible;  whitish;  resisting;  and  situate  between 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebra?, — from  the  space  be- 
tween the  second  and  third  as  far  as  that  be- 
tween the  last  vertebra  and  sacrum.  Their  form 
is  accommodated  to  that  of  the  vertebra  with 
which  they  are  in  connexion;  so  that,  in  the 
neck  and  loins,  they  are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal 
region  they  are  nearly  circular. 

Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages—  I.  fibro-oartilages,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages. 

INTESTABILIS,  Castratus. 

INTESTATUS,  Castratus. 

INTESTIN,  Intestine. 

INTES'TINAL,  Inteetina'lis,  from  intus,  'with- 
in/ That  which  belongs  to  the  intestines, — as 
intestinal  canal,  Ac.  Borden  uses  the  term  Pouls 
intestinal  for  a  pulse,  which  he  conceived  to  an- 
nounce an  approaching  crisis  by  the  intestines. 

Intestinal  Juice,  Succus  entericus. 

Intestinal  Tube  or  Tract,  Cana'lis  sen  Trac- 
tus  intestino'rum.  The  canal  formed  by  the  in- 
testines from  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach  to 
the  anus. 

INTES'TINE,  Intesti'nwn,  En'teron,  Chorda, 
Out,  NedyXa  (pi.),  Pan'tiees  (pi.),  Boel'li  (pL), 
Bowel,  (F.)  Intestin,  Boy  an.  A  musculo-mem- 
branous  canal,  variously  convoluted,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  stomach  to  the  anus,  and  is  situate 
in  the  abdominal  cavity;  the  greater  part  of 
which  it  fills.  In  man,  its  length  is  six  or  eight 
times  that  of  the  body.  It  is  divided  into  two 
principal  portions,  called  small  intestine  and  large 
intestine.  The  former,  Intesti'nwn  ten'ui,  I.  gracf- 
He,  (F.)  Intestin  grtle,  constituting  nearly  four- 
fifths  of  the  whole  length,  begins  at  the  stomach 
and  terminates  in  the  right  iliac  region.  It  is 
divided  into  duodenum,  jejunum  and  ileum.  Some 
anatomists  give  the  name  small  intestine  to  the 
last  two  only ;  which  are  kept  in  place  by  the 
mesentery,  and  form  a  large  paquet,  occupying 
the  umbilical  and  hypogastric  regions,  a  part  of 
the  flanks,  of  the  iliac  regions,  and  of  the  cavity 
of  the  pelvis.  It  is  composed  of,  I.  A  serous 
membrane,  which  is  peritoneal.  2.  Of  a  muscu- 
lar coat,  whose  fibres  are  very  pale,  and  are 


placed,  in  part,  longitudinally ;  but  the  greater 
part  transversely.  8.  Of  a  whitish,  mucous  mem. 
brane;  villous,  and  forming  folds  or  valves  — 
valvule  eonniventes  —  at  its  inner  surface,  and 
furnished  with  a  considerable  number  of  mu- 
cous follicles,  called  glands  of  LieberkUhn, 
(Crypts  or  Follicle*  of  LieberkUhn,)  and  Brun- 
ner,  and,  with  those  of  Peyer.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  small  intestine  proceed  from  the  su- 
perior mesenteric ;  its  veins  open  into  the  vena 
porta.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  superior  me- 
senteric plexus.  The  large  intestine,  Intesti'ntim 
crassum,  Megaloca'lia,  (F.)  Oros  intestin,  forms  a 
sequence  to  the  small.  It  is  much  shorter,  and 
is  solidly  attached  in  the  regions  of  the  abdomen 
which  it  occupies.  It  begins  in  the  right  iliac 
region;  ascends  along  the  right  flank,  till  be- 
neath the  liver,  when  it  crosses  the  upper  part 
of  the  abdomen,  descends  into  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  plunges  into  the  pelvic  cavity,  to  gain  the 
anuB.  The  great  intestine  is  usually  divided  into 
three  portions, — the  cecum,  colon  and  rectum.  It 
receives  its  arteries  from  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior mesenteries.  Its  veins  open  into  tn*e  vena 
porta.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  mesente- 
ric plexuses.  Its  lymphatic  vessels,  which  are 
much  less  numerous  than  those  of  the  small  in- 
testine, pass  into  the  ganglions  or  glands  seated 
between  the  different  reflections  of  the  perito- 
neum, which  fix  it  to  the  abdominal  parietes. 
The  use  of  the  intestines  is, — in  the  upper  part, 
to  effect  the  chylifi cation  of  the  food  and  the  ab- 
sorption of  the  chyle ; — in  the  lower,  to  serve  as 
a  reservoir,  where  the  excrementitious  portion  of 
the  food  collects ;  and,  also,  as  an  excretory  duct, , 
which  effects  its  expulsion. 

INTESTINORUM  LiEVITAS,  Lientery. 

INTE8TINULA  CEREBRI,  Anfractuositiea 
(cerebral) — i.  Meibomii,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

INTESTINULUM,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

INTESfrlNUM  CELLULATUM,  Colon— L 
Circumvolutum,  Ileon  —  i.  Crassum,  Colon,  see 
Intestine  —  i.  Gracile,  see  Intestine  —  i.  Grande, 
Colon  —  i.  Laxum,  Colon  —  i.  Majus,  Colon — i. 
Medium,  Mesentery — i.  Plenum,  Colon — i.  Rec- 
tum, Rectum — i.  Tenue,  see  Intestine. 

INTIMUM  UNGUIS,  Nail,  root  of  the. 

INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

INTORSIO,  Distorsion. 

INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning— LArsenicalis,  4r- 
senicismus — i.  Opiaca,  Meconismus — i.  Saturnlna, 
Saturnismus. 

INTOXICATION,  Poisoning,  Temulcntia— i. 
des  Marais,  see  Miasm. 

INTOXICATION  SATURNINE.  Lead  poi- 
soning; saturnine  cachexy.  The  aggregate  of 
symptoms  which  present  themselves  prior  to  an 
attack  of  lead  colic.  —  Tanquerel  des  Planches. 

INTRALINGUAL  SALIVARY  GLANDS, 
see  Salivary  glands. 

INTRALOBULAR,  IntralobuWris ;  from  in- 
fra, 'within,'  and  lobulus,  'a  lobule.'  Relating 
to  the  space  within  a  lobule : — as  the  "intralobu- 
lar veins,"  vena  sen  ven'ulce  intralobula'res  seu 
centrales,  of  the  liver :  —  veins  which  communi- 
cate with  the  interlobular  veins,  and  are  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  hepatic  veins.  . 

INTRA-PEL  VIO  TROCHANT&RIEN,  Ob- 
turator internus. 

INTRA-U'TERINE,  IntraUteri'nus;  from  in- 
tra, 'within,'  and  uterus,  'the  womb.'  That 
whioh  takes  place  within  the  womb  —  as  *intr** 
uterine  life.' 

INTRICATURA,  Decussation. 

INTRINSIC,  Intrin'secus;  from  intra,  'with- 
in,'  and  seeus, '  towards.'  Applied  to  the  internal 
muscles  of  certain  organs;  as  those  of  the  ear, 


iKTKorrus 


484 


IODINE 


tongue,  and  larynx.  (innaras  gave  the  name 
Intrin'eeei  to  internal  diseases. 

INTROITUS  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis— L  Vaginae, 
Eima  vulvn. 

INTROMISSION,  Intromit*™;  from  intro, 
'within,'  and  mitto,  'I  send.'  The  act  of  intro- 
ducing one  body  into  another,  as  Intromieeio  Pe- 
nt*, (F.)  Intromieeion  de  la  Verge. 

INTROSU8CEPTIO,  Intussusoeptio  —  L  En- 
tropinm,  Entropion. 

INTUBUM,  Cichorium  endivia— L  Erratienm, 
Cichorium  intybns. 

INTUMES'CENCE,  Intumeeeen'tia,  Onoo'eie, 
Dionco'eie,  from  intumeeeere,  (in,  and  tumeeeere,) 
'to  swell.'  Augmentation  of  sixe  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  of  the  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word 
Intumescen'tia  for  an  order  of  diseases,  in  whioh 
he  comprehends  polysarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, oedema,  physconia,  and  pregnancy. 

INTUMESCENTIA  GANGLIFORMIS,  Gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  see  Facial  nerve — i.  Lactea  Mam- 
marum,  Sparganosis  —  L  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  i. 
Semilunaris,  Ganglion  of  Gasser. 

INTUS  INVERSUS,  Transposition  of  the  via- 


INTUSSUSCEP'TIO,  from  intue,  'within,' 
and  eueeipio,  'I  receive.'  Introeuecep'tio.  In 
phyeiology; —  the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organised  bodies.  In  pathology,  like  Convol'vu- 
lue,  Vol'vulue  inteetino'rum,  Sueeep'tio  inteetino'- 
rum, Ohordap'eue,  Enteroparieago'gi,  Parieago'ge 
inteetino'rum,  Indigita'tio,  Tormen'tum,  and  Inva- 
gina'tio,  it  means  the  introduction  of  one  part  of 
the  intestinal  canal  into  another,  which  serves  it 
as  a  sort  of  vagina  or  sheath.  Generally,  it  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  small  intestine,  which  is  re- 
ceived into  the  lower,  when  the  intussusception 
is  said  to  be  progree'eive.  At  times,  however,  it 
is  ret'rograde.  As  the  disease  cannot  be  posi- 
tively detected  by  the  symptoms,  it  must  be 
treated  upon  general  principles.  At  times,  the 
invaginated  portion  has  separated  and  been 
voided  per  anum, — the  patient  recovering.  The 
disease  is,  however,  of  a  very  dangerous  character. 

INTTBUM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INTYBUS  HORTENSIS,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INULA,  see  Inula  helenium — i.  Britannica, 
I.  dysenterica — i.  Common,  L  helenium  —  L  Co- 
nysma,  L  dysenterica. 

Iit'ula  Dtsbhteb'ioa.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Leeeer  Inula,  I.  Britan'niea  sen  Oonm'a, 
Aster  dyeenter'icue  seu  undula'tue,  Pultea'ria 
dyeenteriea,  Cony'za,  C.  media,  Ar'niea  Sueden'- 
ete,  Ar'niea  epu'ria,  Omni'la  mae'cula  seu  me'dia, 
Ounila'go,  (F.)  AunSe  antidyeentSrique,  JSerbe  de 
Saint  Rock.  Nat.  Ord.  Compoeit®.  This  plant 
was  once  considered  to  possess  great  antidysen- 
terie  virtues.  The  whole  plant  is  acrid  and  some- 
what aromatic. 

Ikdla  HiLBK'nrx.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  El'eeampane,  En'ula,  E.  eampa'na,  Elen'ium, 
Jfeeta'rium,  Helimum,  Aeter  helen'ium  seu  offiei- 
na'lie,  Corviear'tia  helen'ium,  Common  Inula,  (F.) 
Aunie.  The  root  In'ula  (Ph.  U.  S.)  was  formerly 
in  high  esteem  in  dyspepsia,  cachexia,  pulmonary 
affections,  Ac    It  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Ikula  Lbssbr,  Inula  dysenterioa — L  Squar- 
rosa,  Conysa  squarrosa. 

INUNCTIO,  Inunction,  Liniment 

INUNCTION,  Inune'tio,  Perunc'tio,  RM'io, 
lUi'tue,  IUinif'io,  Oblinif'io,  Chrieie,  Catach'ri- 
tit,  Diaeh'rieie,  Epieh'rieie,  Uhctio.  An  oint- 
ment or  a  liniment  Also,  the  act  of  rubbing  in; 
unction,  (F.)  Onction. 

INUNDATIO,  Depuration. 

INUSTIO,  Cauterisation,  Cauterium. 

INUSTORIUM,  Cauterium. 

INVAG"INATED,  Invagina'tue,  from  in,  and 


vagina,  'a  sheath.'    Applied  to  a  part  which  It 
received  into  another,  as  into  a  sheath. 

The  invaginated  or  elit  and  tail  bandage  is  on* 
in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appropriate 
slits  or  button-holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussusoeptio. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity. 

INVALID,  Valetudinary. 

INVALIDUS,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO,  Arche,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

DETERMINATION,  Helminthiasis. 

INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Entropion— L 
Uteri,  Hysteroptosis,  Uterus,  inversion  of  the. 

INVERSION  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the. 

INVERTENTIA,  Absorbents,  Antacids. 

INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA- 
LIS,  see  Funiculis  umbilicalis. 

INVETBRATUS,  Chronic 

INVISCANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULL  A  morbid  adhesion 
of  the  eyelids  to  each  other,  or  to  the  globe  of  the 
eye.  Also,  gluing  together  of  the  eyelids  by  a 
viscid  secretion. 

INVOLU'CRUM,  Involumen'tum,  from  iiirot- 
vere,  'to  fold  in.'  A  covering;  hence  Involu'cra 
cerebri,  the  membranes  of  the  brain.  Involu'cra 
nervo'rum,  the  sheaths  of  the  nerves. 

Ikvolucruic  Cordis,  Pericardium — L  Corporis 
commune,  Integument— i.  Lingua),  see  Tongue— 
L  Membranaceum,  Decidua  reflexa — i.  Nervorum, 
Neurilema — L  Reti  comparatum,  Retina. 

INVOLUMENTUM,  Involucrum. 

INVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

IODE,  Iodine. 

IODES,  ^ruginous. 

IODETUM  HYDRARGTRICUM,  Hydrargyrl 
iodidum  rubrum. 

IODHYDRARQYRITE  DE  CHLORVRB 
MERCVREUX,  Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  o£ 

IODIC,  Iod'icue,  (F.)  Iodique.  Same  etymen 
as  Iodine.    Containing  iodine. 

IODIDUM  HYDRARGYRI  CHLORIDI, 
Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of—  i.  Hydrargyria 
cum,  Hydrargyrl  iodidum  rubrum  —  L  Hydra*. 
gyroBum,  Hydrargyrl  iodidum. 

I'ODINE,  Io'dinai  Io'dinum,  lodin'ium,  M- 
dum,  Io'dium,  Io'nium,  Io'num,  (F.)  lode;  from 
fw&K,  viola'eeue,  'of  a  violet  colour,'  so  called 
from  the  violet  flavour  it  exhales  when  volatil- 
ised. It  is  contained  in  the  mother  waters  of 
certain  fuci,  and  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess 
of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  on  the  water  ob- 
tained by  burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the 
ashes  and  concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mix- 
ture is  placed  in  a  retort  to  which  a  receiver  is 
attached,  and  is  boiled.  The  iodine  passes  over 
and  is  condensed.  It  is  solid,  in  the  form  of 
plates;  of  a  bluish  gray  colour,  of  a  metallic 
brightness,  and  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  chlo- 
ride of  sulphur.  Its  a  g.  is  4.946.  When  heated, 
it  becomes  volatilised,  and  affords  the  vapour 
which  characterises  it  With  oxygen  it  forms 
Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen  Jffydriodie  acid. 
The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the  iodides  have  been 
employed  with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of 
goftre  and  of  some  scrofulous  affections.  It  must 
be  administered  in  a  very  small  dose  and  for  a 
long  period.  It  is  said  to  be  apt,  however,  to 
induce  cholera  morbus,  signs  of  great  nervous 
irritability,  and  emaciation  of  the  mammse. 
When  these  symptoms,  collectively  termed  7*o- 
diem,  lodo'eie,  and  Iodin'ia,  are  urgent,  the  dot» 
may  be  diminished,  or  it  may  be  wholly  discon- 
tinued, and  afterwards  resumed. 


I0D0GN0SI8  41 

Various  preparations  of  Iron  are  employed  in 

medicine. 

IODOGNO'SIS,  (F.)  Iodognorie;  from  iodine, 
and  yvu+ts,  'knowledge.'   A  knowledge  of  iodine 
in  its  various  relations.— Dorvault. 
IODINIA,  see  Iodine. 
IODINIUM,  Iodine. 
IODINUM,  Iodine. 
IODIQUE,  Iodic 
IODISM,  see  Iodine. 
IODIUM,  Iodine. 

I'ODOFORM,  Iodofor'mum,  (F.)  Iodoform*,  bo 
called  from  its  analogy  to  chloroform.  It  is  ob- 
tained by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  iodine, 
bicarbonate  of  potassa,  water,  and  alcohol.  It  is 
in  crystalline  plates,  of  a  beautiful  citrine  colour; 
and  may  be  given  in  the  same  oases  as  the  other 
preparations  of  iodine.  Dose,  one  grain  three 
times  a  day.  It  is  the  sesqui-oxide  of  carbon. 
Bee  Carbonis  sesqui-iodidnm. 

IODOHYDRARGYRATB  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 
IODOSIS,  see  Iodine. 
IODUM,  Iodine. 

10 DURE  PLOMBIQUE,  Plumbi  iodidum. 
IODURBTUM  AMMONLfi,  see  Iodine— L 
Amyli,  see  Iodine — L  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar- 
gyri  iodidum — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 
IODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 
ION,  Viola.   - 

IONIA,  Teuorium  chamsepitys. 
IONID'IUM  MARCUCCI,  CinchunchuUi  —  a 
South  American  plant    Sex.  SyeL  Pentandria 
Monogynia;  Nat.  Ord.  V iolaria ;  said  to  be  ex- 
tremely efficacious  in  the  Mai  de  San  Lasaro  of 
Colombia. 
IONIUM,  Iodine. 
IONTA,  see  Excretion. 

ION'THUS,  Varue,  Violet  Eruption,  from  iov, 
'the  violet,'  and  avdot,  'a  flower/  or  ovBos,  'foul- 
ness.' An  unsuppurative,  tubercular  tumour; 
stationary ;  chiefly  on  the  face.  A  genus  in  the 
class  Hamatica,  order  Phlogotiea  of  Good. 

Ionthus  Coeymbifbr,  Gutta  rosea — I  Varus, 
Acne. 
IONUM,  Iodine. 

IOTACIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation,  —  the  patient  not  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatalB  j  and  a  soft. 
IPECAC,  Apocynum  androssomifolium,   Eu- 

Shorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
a,  Triosteum. 

IPECACUAN'HA.  In  common  parlance,  often 
abridged  to  Ipecac  The  pharmacopoeia!  name 
of  the  Cephae'lie  ipeoaeuan'ha,  Callicoc'ca  Ipe- 
cacuan'ha,  Caaotanga.  Nat.  Ord.  Cinchonacess. 
It  is  also  obtained  from  the  Psycho' tria  emefiea 
of  Peru.  The  odour  of  the  root,  Ipeoacuan'ha 
root,  Ipecacacuan'ha  radix.  Radix  Brazilien'sis, 
—  Ipecacuanha,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — is  faint  and  pecu- 
liar; taste  bitter,  subacrid,  and  mucilaginous; 
both  water  and  aloohol  extract  its  virtues,  which 
depend  on  a  peculiar  principle,  called  JSmet'ia, 
It  is  emetic  in  large  doses ;  sudorific  in  smaller. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx,  —  alone,  or 
united  with  gr.  i  to  ij.  of  tartariied  antimony. 

Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia  corollata — L  Bas- 
tard, Asolepias  curassavica,  Triosteum  perfolia- 
tum — i.  Blanc  de  Vile  de  France,  Asclepias  asth- 
matica— ».  Blanc  de  St.  Domingue,  Asclepias  cu- 
rassavica—  i.  of  the  Isle  of  France,  Cynanohum 
Tomitorium. 

Ipkcacuah'ha,  "Whits,  is  obtained  from  diffe- 
rent species  of  Eichardeonia  and  Ionidium,  Vi'- 
ola  ipecacuan'ha  sen  Solea  ipecacuan'ha  sen  Pom- 
la' lea  ipecacuanha,  also  affords  it.  It  is  weaker 
than  the  gray. 

IPO,  Upas. 


IRIS 

IPOMCBA  JALAPA,  Con  volvulus  Jalap*— L 
Maororrhisa,  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 
IRA,  Rage. 

IRACUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
IRAL'GIA;    IreaVgia,  IridaVgia,  from  iftfe 
'the  iris,'  and  ahyos,  'pain.'    Pain  in  the  iris. 
IRASCIBLE,  Rectus  externus  ocuB. 
IREALGIA,  Iralgia. 
IREONCION,  Iriancistron. 
IRIAN  CIS'TRON,  Iridanciefron,  Ireon'cwn, 
from  ip<r,  and  avjrcrrfuv,  'a  hepk.'    A  hooked  in- 
strument, used  by  Scnlagintweit  in  the  formation 
of  an  artificial  pupil. 

IRID jE' A  ED  U'LIS.    One  of  the  Algae,  eaten 
in  Scotland  and  the  southwest  of  England. 
IRIDALGIA,  Iralgia. 
IRIDANCISTRON,  Iriancistron. 
IRIDAUXE'SIS,  from  Iris,  I'ridie,  and  «v£i- 
<nj,  'augmentation;'   Stapkylo'ma  Pridie,  Star 
phylo'ma  U'vea,  Iridonco'sie,  Lymphon'cu*  I'ri- 
dis.  Exudation  of  fibrin  into  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 
IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
IRIDENCLEISIS,  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDENCLEISMUS,  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDERE'MIA,  from  tpn,  and  tpnuot, '  deprived 
of;'  Iridostere'sis.    Absence  of  iris,  either  appa- 
rent or  real. 
IRIDOCELE,  Ptosis  iridis. 
IRIDOCOLOBOMA,  Coloboma  iridis. 
IRIDODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 
IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from  tptf,  'the  iris,'  and 
paXatia,  *  softness.'    Molleseence  or  softening  of 
the  iris. 

IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridomelano'ei*,  from 
tots,  'the  iris,'  and  psXavuv,  'to  colour  black/ 
The  deposition  of  black  matter  on  the  tissue  of 
the  iris. 

IRIDONCO'SIS,  Iridon'eue,  Hyperonco' sis  Iri- 
dis, from  tpts,  *  the  iris,'  and  oytes,  '  a  swelling.' 
Tumefaction  or  thickening  of  the  iris.    Also,  Iri- 
dauxesis. 
IRIDONCUS,  Iridoncosis. 
IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS ;  from  tpts, '  the  iris/ 
wtpi,  '  around,'  and  phacitis,  inflammation  of  the 
lens.    Inflammation  of  the  anterior  hemisphere 
of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 
IRIDOPTOSIS,  Ptosis  iridis. 
IRIDOR'RHAGAS,  Iridorrho'gi,  Iridor>rhox, 
Iridoechis'wia,  Fiseu'ra  Pridie,  from  tpis,  'iris/ 
and  puyas, '  a  fissure.'    Fissure  of  the  iris. 
IRIDORRHOGE,  Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDORRHOX,  Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDOSGHISMA,  Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDOSTERESIS,  Irideremia. 
IRIDOTENCLEISIS,  Coretomia. 
IRIDOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
IRIDOTROMUS,  Hippus. 
IRIS,  (gen.  I'ridis)  Gramme".   So  called  from  its 
resembling  the  rainbow  in  a  variety  of  colours. 
A  membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  eye,  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  oircular,  flat 
partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the  poste- 
rior chamber.    It  is  perforated  by  a  ciroular 
opening  called  the  pupil,  whioh  is  constantly  va- 
rying its  dimensions,  owing  to  the  varying  con- 
tractions of  the  fibres  of  the  iris.    Its  posterior 
surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from  the  thick, 
black  varnish  which  covers  it    The  gieater  cir- 
cumference of  the  iris  is  adherent  to  the  ciliary 
processes  and  circle.  It  has  an  external  plane  of 
radiated  fibres  and  an  internal  one  of  circular 
fibres,  which  serve — the  one  to  dilate,  the  other 
to  contract  the  aperture  of  the  pupiL    The  iris 
receives  the  irian  nerves.    Its  arteries  are  fur- 
nished by  the  long  ciliary  arteries  whioh  form  two 


IBIS 


486 


IRRITABLE 


circles  by  their  anastomoses ;  the  one  very  broad, 
n»r  the  great  circumference ;  the  other,  smaller, 
and  seated  around  the  circumference  of  the  pupil. 
The  veins  of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the 
Vasa  vorticosa,  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins. 
The  use  of  the  iris  seems  to  be,  —  to  regulate  by 
its  dilatation  or  contraction,  the  quantity  of  lu- 
minous rays  necessary  for  distinct  vision.  The 
different  colours  of  the  iris  occasion  the  variety 
in  the  colours  of  the  human  eye. 

Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris  —  i.  Common,  I.  Germa- 
nica— t.  Commun,  I.  German ica — i.  de  Florence, 
L  Florentina. 

Iris  Florejtti'na,  Florentine  iris  or  orris,  (F.) 
Iris  de  Florence.  The  rhizoma  of  this  plant  is 
extremely  acrid  in  its  recent  state;  and,  -when 
chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the  mouth,  that 
continues  for  several  hours.  When  dried,  the 
acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the  smell  is 
very  agreeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its  agreeable 
flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharmacopoeias, 
although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 

Irib  FcETiDi8'9iMA,/./«'ttda,  Spath'ulafce'tida, 
Xyris,  Stinking  iris,  (F.)  Iris puant,Qlayeul puant. 
Tho  root  has  been  esteemed  antispasmodic  and 
narcotic. 

Iris  Germ  ah'ica.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Flower -de- Luce,  Iris  nostras,  Aier'sa,  Iris  vulga'- 
ris,  Common  iris  or  orris,  Qladi'olus  cmru'leus, 
(F.)  Iris  commun,  Flambe.  The  fresh  roots  have 
a  disagreeablo  smell  and  an  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and  are  given  in 
dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are  indicated. 

Iris  Lacus'trib,  Dwarf-flag,  Dwarf  lake-iris; 
has  the  properties  of  I.  versicolor. 

Iris,  Lake,  Dwarf,  L  lacustris  —  L  Lutea,  L 
pseudacorus. 

IB  IS  DES  MARAIS,  I.  pseudacorus  —  i.  Nos- 
tras, I.  Germanica  —  i.  Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  Pseudao'orus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yellow  water-flag,  Iris  palus'tris  sen  lu'tea, 
Qladi'olus  lu'teus,  Ac'orus  vulga'ris  seu  adulteri'- 
nus  seu  palus'tris,  Pseudac'orus,  Bu'tomon,  (F.) 
Iris  des  marais,  Faux  acore,  Flambe  bdtard,  Acore 
bdtard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  styptic  taste.  It 
is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astringent. 
The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said  to  be  a 
useful  application  to  serpiginous  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections.  Rubbed  on  the  gums,  or  chewed, 
it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IBIS  PUANT,  L  foetidissima— i.  Stinking, 
I.  foetidissima. 

Iris  Versicolor,  Blue  flag.  The  rhizoma  of 
this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  has  been  much 
used,  as  such,  by  the  American  Indians.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diuretic 

Iris  Vulgaris,  L  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IRI'TIS,  Inflammation  of  the  iris,  Inflamma'tio 
Pridis,  Irisi'tis.  The  chief  symptoms  are;  — 
change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris ;  fibres  less  mova- 
ble ;  tooth-like  processes  shooting  into  the  pupil; 
pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with  the  ordinary 
signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye.  If  the  inflam- 
mation do  not  yield,  suppuration  takes  place; 
and,  although  the  matter  may  be  absorbed,  the 
iris  remains  immovable.  It  is  often  caused  by 
syphilis.  The  general  principles  of  treatment 
are,  to  deplete  largely  and  exhibit  mercury  freely; 
along  with  attention  to  other  means  advisable  in 
ophthalmia.  The  free  uae  of  quinia  is  sometimes 
serviceable.  When  the  inflammation  is  seated  in 
the  serous  covering  of  the  iris,  it  is  termed  Iritis 
sero'so 

IRON,  Ferrum — i.  Acetate  of,  Ferri  acetas  — 
I.  and  Alumina,  sulphate  of,  Ferri  et  aluminis 
sulphas  —  L  Ammoniated,  Ferrum  ammoniatum 
— i.  Ammonio-citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras  — 
L  Ammonio-chloride  of,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  — 


L  Ammonio-tartrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-tartras— . 
i.  and  Ammonia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras 

—  L  and  Quinia  Hydriodate  of,  see  Iodine  —  L 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine  —  i.  Carbonate  of,  sac- 
charine, Ferri  proto-carbonas  —  i.  Carburet  of, 
Graphites  —  i.  Black  oxide  of,  Oxydum  ferri  ni- 
grum—  i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citras  — i.  Citrate  of 
the  magnetic  oxide  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras 

—  i.  Ferrocyanuret  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Ferro- 
prussiate  of,  Prussian  blue — L  Filings,  purified, 
Ferri  limatura  purificata  —  i.  Hydrated  oxide  of, 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  L  Hydrated  per- 
oxide of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  L  Hy- 
drated tritoxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum 
— i.  Hydriodate  of,  Ferri  iodidum — i.  Hydro-oxide 
of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Iodide  of, 
see  Iodine  —  i.  Iodide  of,  Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  Io- 
duret  of,  Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  Lactate  of,  Ferri  lac- 
tas  —  i.  Liquor,  Ferri  acetas— -i.  and  Magnesia, 
citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Magnesias  citras  —  i.  Nitrate 
of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis  —  L 
Peroxide  of,  Ferri  subcarbonas  —  i.  Phosphate  ot, 
Ferri  phosphas — i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulss 
ferri  composite — i.  Potassio-citrate  of,  see  Ferri 
ammonio-citras  —  i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  pro- 
toearbonas — i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of,  Ferri  be- 
tas—  i.  Pyrites,  Ferri  snlphuretum  —  i.  and  Qui- 
nia, citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quinia?  citras  —  i.  and 
Quinia,  hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  iodide  of  iod- 
hydrate  of — i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Solution  of,  see 
Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — i.  Sesquioxide  of,  Ferri 
subcarbonas — i.  Sodio-citrato  of,  see  Ferri  ammo- 
nio-citras—  i.  Sulphate  of,  Ferri  sulphas — i. 
Sulphuret  of,  Ferri  snlphuretum  —  i.  Tannate  of, 
Ferri  tannas — i.  Tartarized,  Ferrum  tartarizatum 
— i.  Ternitrate  of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis  —  i.  Trito-hydro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prus- 
sian blue  —  i.  and  Potass,  tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum—  i.  Valerianate  of,  Ferri  valerianas — 
i.  Weed,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

IRREDU'CIBLE,  (F.)  Irreducible.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernias,  &C-, 
when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IRBJSDUCIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRREG'ULAR,  Irregularis,  Anom'alous;  from 
im,  'privative/  and  regula,  'a  rule.'  A  term 
chiefly  applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease ;  and, 
also,  to  the  pulse,  when  its  beats  are  separated  by 
unequal  intervals. 

Irreg'ular  Practxt"iokbr.  One  who  does  not 
practise  his  profession  according  to  rules  sanc- 
tioned by  law  or  custom. 

IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGATION,  Irriga'tio,  Embroca'tio,  Irrv- 
ra'tio :  '  the  act  of  watering  or  moistening.'  The 
methodical  application  of  water  to  an  affected 
part,  to  keep  it  constantly  wet. 

IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability— i.  Morbosa, 
see  Subsultus  tendinum  —  L  Vesicae,  Cyaterethis- 
mus. 

IRRITABIL'ITY,  Irritabil'itas,  from  irrito, 
(in,  'privative/  and  ritus,  'the  usual  manner,') 
'I  provoke.'  Vis  irritabilita'tis,  Vis  Filer,  Vis 
in'sita  of  Haller,  Vis  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  Oscil- 
la'tio  of  Boerhaave,  Tonic  power  of  Stahl,  TCfa 
pro'pria,  Inherent  power,  Contractil'ity,  Ercita- 
bil'ity,  Ac.  A  power,  possessed  by  all  living,  or- 
ganized bodies,  of  being  acted  upon  by  certain 
stimuli,  and  of  moving  responsive  to  stimulation. 
It  is  the  ultimate  vital  property. 

IR'RITABLE,  Irritab'ilis.  That  which  is  en- 
dowed with  irritability.  Every  living  organised 
tissue  is  irritable ;  that  is,  capable  of  feeling  an 
appropriate  stimulus,  and  of  moving  responsive  to 
such  stimulus.  Irritable  is  often  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  impressible,  as  when  we  speak  of  an  irri- 
table person,  or  habit,  or  temper.  This  last  con- 
dition has   been  variously  termed — Debilitm 


UtRITAMEN 


487 


ISOBIO 


•ervoVa,  D.  Erethie'iea,  Byperctne/eia  nervosa, 
Neuraetheni'a,  Neuroetheni'a,  Seneibil'itae  anom'- 
ala,  S.  Morbo'sa,  S.  aucta. 

IRRITAMEN,  Irritant,  Stimulus. 

IRRITAMENTUM,  Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti- 
mulus—  i.  Metallioum,  Galvanism. 

IR'RITANT,  Irri'tane,  Irrita'men,  Irritamen- 
tarn.  That  which  causes  irritation  or  pain,  heat 
and  tension ;  either  mechanically ,  as  puncture*, 
acupuncture,  or  scarification ;  chemically,  as  the 
alkalies  and  acids;  or  in  a  specific  manner,  as 
cantharidee. 

Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

IRRITATING  POISON,  see  Poison. 

IRRITATIO,  Erethism,  Gargale,  Irritation. 

IRRITA'TION,  Irrita'tio,  Erethie'mue.  The 
state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  which  there  is  ex- 
cess of  vital  movement;  commonly  manifested 
by  increase  of  the  circulation  and  sensibility, 
firoussais  defines  irritation  to  be ;  —  the  condition 
of  an  organ,  the  excitation  of  which  is  carried  to 
eo  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium  resulting 
from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions  is  broken. 
In  this  signification,  he  also  uses  the  word  fur- 
irritation,  which  he  considered  as  a  higher  de- 
gree, and  as  the  essential  cause  of  fever.  Irrita- 
tion is  the  peroursor  of  inflammation. 

Irrtta'tion,  Morbid,  Constitutional  irritation, 
Irritative  fever,  Pseudo-fever,  is  that  excitement 
which  occurs  after  injuries  done  to  the  body,  or 
to  any  part  thereof;  —  constituting  eases  of  die- 
eased  sympathy. 

IRRITATIVE  FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

IRRORATIO,  Irrigation. 

IS,  Fibre. 

ISA'TIS  TINCTOOtlA,  Woad,  Pastel  A  Eu- 
ropean plant,  whose  leaves  have  a  fugitive  pun- 
gent smell,  and  an  acrid  durable  taste.  They  are 
not  used,  however,  in  medicine  at  the  present 
day ;  but  are  the  souroe  of  the  dye-stuff,  woad, 

ISC  A,  Boletus  igniarius. 

ISCH  JE'MIA,  from  leya,  '  I  retain,1  and  'aipa, 
4  blood.'  Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 
habitual  flux  of  blood,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  or 
menstrual  flux  or  of  epistaxis.  See  Haematoata- 
tica. 

ISCELE'MON,  IschaVmum.  Same  etymon.  A 
medicine  which  restrains  or  stops  bleeding. 

IS'CHESIS,  from  taxtiv,  'to  retain.'  Suppres- 
sion or  retention  of  a  discharge  or  secretion. 

IS'CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  In  this 
volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from  Naples,  there  are 
several  thermal  waters,  one  of  which  —  that  of 
Gurgitello  —  raises  the  thermometer  of  Fahr.  to 
167°. 

ISCHIACUS,  Ischiatic. 

ISCHIADICU8  MORBUS,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitsea  —  i.  Nervus,  Sciatic  nerve. 

ISCHIADOCELE,  Ischiocele. 

ISCHIAGRA,  Is'chias,  Ischialgia,  from  texiov, 
4 the  haunch,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  name 
given  to  ischiatic  gout.  Femoro-popliteal  neu- 
ralgia has,  also,  been  so  called. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Isohiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitssa. 

ISCHIAS,  Ischiagra— - L  Nervosa  Antica,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-prsstibialis —  i.  Nervosa  Cotunnii, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — i.  Nervosa  digitalis, 
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis  —  i.  Nervosa  postica, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — i.  a  Sparganosi, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCHIADIC,  Ischiadic,  Isehiaticus,  Iechiad1- 
ieue,  hchiacua,  Sciat'ic,  from  texiov,  *  the  haunch;' 
whence  the  word  Sciatic.  An  epithet  given  to 
parts  connected  with  the  ischium.  The  Sciatic 
Notches,    (F.)  JSchanerures  Ischiatiques,  are 


formed  by  this  bone ;  the  Ischiatic  Sr etc  belongs 
to  it,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  small  saorosei- 
atio  ligament.  The  Tuberos'ity  op  the  Ischium, 
Oe  sedenta'rium,  Tuber  Ie'chii,  (F.)  TuberositS 
eeiatique,  is  formed  by  it  It  receives  the  inser- 
tions of  different  muscles  of  the  thigh,  and  forms 
the  projection  on  which  the  body  rests  when 
seated. 

Ischiatic  Artery,  Sciat'ic  Artery,  (F.)  Artire 
Ftmoro-Poplitfe  (Ch.)  arises  singly  from  the  hy- 
pogastric, or  with  the  gluteal;  and  seems  to  be 
really  a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypo- 
gastric. It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch ;  and,  afterwards, 
divides  into  a  considerable  number  of  branches, 
which  are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior 
and  superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

Ischiatic  Region,  Sciat'ic  region;  Regio  ischi- 
ad'ica.    The  region  of  the  hip. 

Ischiatic  Vein  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  artery. 

ISCHIATICUS,  Sciatic 

ISCHIATOCELE,  Ischiocele. 

ISCHIDRO'SIS,  Sudo'rie  suppres'eio,  Oligid'^ 
ria,  from  crgc*,  'I  restrain,'  and  U$pu>s,  'sweat.' 
Suppression  of  perspiration. 

ISCHIOBLEN'NIA,  Ischoblen'nia,  from  «r^«, 
'  I  restrain,'  and  0\twa,  '  mucus.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of  mucus. 

ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  the 
ischium  and  corpus  cavernosum. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  muscle,  Collatera'lie,  Di- 
rector penis,  Erec'tor  penie,  Suetenta'tor  Penis, 
Ischio-urithral  (Ch.)  is  a  small,  long,  flat  muscle, 
which  surrounds  the  origin  of  the  corpus  caver- 
nosum. It  is  fixed  below  to  the  inner  side  of  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  above  to  the  root 
of  the  penis,  where  it  is  confounded  with  the 
fibrous  membrane  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  It 
draws  the  root  of  the  penis  downwards  and  back- 
wards. 

Ischio-Caverxostts  of  the  female,  Erector- 
clitor'idie,  Sustenta'tor  clitor'idie,  Superior  ro- 
bin'dus  clitor'idie,  (F.)  Ischio-clitoridien,  Ischio 
sous-clitorien,  (Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the 
male,  but  is  less  bulky.  It  arises,  by  aponeurosis, 
from  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates 
by  embracing  the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the  cli- 
toris, to  the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  con- 
tribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE,  Ischiatoce'li,  Iechiadoce'll, 
Hernia  ischia'tica ;  from  htxlov,  'the  ischium/ 
and  cifX?,  'tumour.'  Ischiatic  hernia.  One  in 
which  the  viscera  issue  by  the  great  sciatic  notch. 
It  is  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must 
be  reduced — the  patient  being  placed  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandage. 

ISCHIO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That  which  is 
connected  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Ischio-Qlito'rian  Artery  of  Chaussier  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris  —  the  superficial 
and  deep-seated. 

IscHio-CuTORiAff  Nerve,  of  the  same  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic  nerve, 
which  is  distributed  to  the  clitoris. 

ISCHIO-CLITORIDIEN,  Ischio- cavern ous 
— i.  Coccygeus,  Coccygeus — t.  CrSti-tibjal,  Semi- 
tendinosus, — i.  Femoralis,  Adductor  magnus  — 
t.  Fimoro-peronier,  Biceps  flexor  cruris — t.  Piri- 
neal,  Transversus  perinssi  —  t.  Popliti-fimoral, 
Semi  -  membranosus  —  i.  Popliti-  tibial,  Semi- 
membranosus—  i.  Pr4 tibial,  Semi-tendinosus  — 
t.  Sous-clitorien,  Isohio-cavernosus  —  i.  Soue-tro* 
chautirien,  Quadratus  femoris — t.  Spino-trochan- 


ISCHION 


488 


ISOPATHJA 


Vrien,  Ischto-trochanterianua-- u  Urethral,  Is- 
ehio-cavernosus. 

ISCHIODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 

IS'CllION,  Ischium,  Os  ischii,  Os  eoxen'dieis, 
Hip-bone,  Huckle-bone,  Seat-bone,  (F.)  Os  de 
Vassiette.  The  lowermost  of  the  three  portions 
which  compose  the  os  innominatum  in  the  foetus 
and  young  individual.  The  inferior  region  of  the 
same  bone  has,  also,  been  called  ischium,  in  the 
adult.  According  to  Hesychius,  the  ancients  de- 
signated by  the  word  ischion,  the  capsular  liga- 
ment of  the  coxo-femoral  articulation,  as  well  as 
the  articulation  itself.  Some  derive  the  word 
from  i<TXli>  tQe  lumbar  region;  others  from  the 
verb  urga, '  I  arrest,'  '  I  retain /  —  because  that 
bone  serves  as  a  base  or  support  for  the  trunk, 
when  we  are  seated. 

Ischion,  Haunch, 

ISCHIOPA'GES,  from  Iechion,  and  xayu,  'I 
fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two  foetuses,  in 
which  they  are  attached  to  each  other  by  the 
ischia.  —  Geoflroy  St.  Hilaire.  See  Hypogastro- 
didymu8. 

ISCHIOPHTHrSIS,  Tabet  coxa'ria  sen  ischi- 
ad'icaj  Phthisis  ischiad'iea,  from  io^i«y,  'isohiam/ 
£  and  phthisis.  Phthisis  in  consequence  of  suppu- 
ration of  the  hip  joint. 

ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Sancto- 
rini,  Albinus,  and  Sb'mmering,  have  given  this 
name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversa*  perin&i 
muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCHIO-RECTAL  FOSSA,  Perineal  fossa. 

ISCHIOSIS,  Neuralgia  femoro  poplitsea. 

I S  C  H 1 0  -  TROCHANTERIC  US,  Gem'ini, 
Gemel'li.  Part  of  the  Marsupia'lis  of  Cowper; 
Car'neum  Marsu'pium,  Ischio-spini-trochanttrien, 
Secun'dus  et  ter'tius  quadrigem'inus,  (F.)  Muscle 
cannelf,  Acceesoire  d  Vobturateur  interne.  Two 
email,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and  flat,  which  arise, 
— the  suj>erior  on  the  outside  of  the  sciatio  spine; 
the  inferior  behind  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 
Both  pass  horizontally  outwards,  and  are  attached 
to  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus,  which 
they  accompany  into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter. 
These  muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 

ISCHIUM,  Ischion. 

ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCHNOPHO'NIA,  from  urxyos,  'slender/  and 
fvvn,  'voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice.  —  Hippo- 
orates,  Galen. 

ISGHNOTES,  Emaciation. 

ISCHO,  tex»,  'I  keep  back,'  'I  restrain,'  'I 
hold  firm.'    Hence : 

ISCHOBLENNIA,  Ischioblennia. 

ISCHOCENO'SIS,  from  «<rx»,  'I  arrest,'  and 
ccvwOTf,  'evacuation.'  Retention  or  suppression 
of  a  natural  evacuation  —  as  of  the  menses. 

ISCHOCHOL'IA,  from  iffgw,  'I  arrest,'  and 
goXir,  'bile.'  Beten'tio  bilis.  Retention  or  sup- 
pression of  the  biliary  secretion. 

ISCHOCOILIA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOCOPRIA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOGALAC'TIA,  Beten'tio  lactie,  from  i*x»» 
and  ya\a,  'milk.'    Want  of  milk  in  the  mammse. 

ISCHOLO'CHIA  or  Iecholochi'a,  Lochioe'che- 
sis,  Suppr.ts'sio  lochio'rum,  from  ic^w,  'I  restrain,' 
and  Xo^cia,  'the  lochia!  discharge.'  Beten'tio 
lochio'rum.    Suppression  of  the  loohial  discharge. 

ISCHOMENIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

ISCHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 
litsoa. 

ISCHOPHONIA,  Balbuties. 

ISCHOSPER'MIA,  from  tcr**,  <I  retain/  and 


ntpftm,  'sperm/  Sem'inis  reten'Ho.  RetentT** 
or  suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

ISCHURET'IC,  Ischureficum.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  A  medicine  for  relieving  suppresska 
of  urine.    A  diuretic 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'na  euppres'sio,  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Suppres'sio  lo'Hi,  Paru'ria  rctentio'nis  / 
from  io%w,  'I  arrest/  'I  retain/  and  ovpov,  *  urine.* 
Impossibility  of  discharging  the  urine.  Gene- 
rally restricted  to  suppression  of  the  secretion, 
or  to  renal  Ischuria  or  Anu'ria,  Anure'sis. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  that  in  which  the  urine  having 
accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  patient  is  unable 
to  pass  it,  notwithstanding  the  inclination  which 
constantly  distresses  him.  In  false  ischuria,  Pa- 
ru'ria inops,  Paru'ria  retentio'nie  rena'lis,  Ischu- 
ria notha  seu  spu'ria,  of  some,  (F.)  Suppression 
a*  Urine,  owing  to  some  disease  of  the  kidney  or 
uterus,  the  urine  cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
names,  according  to  the  seat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine: 
hence  the  expressions — Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
Urethral,  and  Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  Ischu- 
ria is  synonymous  with  Retention  of  urine,  which 
see. 

Ischuria  Cysto-phlegmattca,  Cyetirrhcea — 
i.  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus — L  Spasmodic*,  Cys- 
tospasmus — i  Spuria,  see  Ischuria — i.  Urethralia 
a  phimosi,  age  Phimosicus — L  Vera,  see  Ischuria 
— i,  Vesicalis,  Retention  of  Urine. 

ISINGLASS,  Itffohyocolla. 

ISIR,  Elixir.  \ 

ISIS  NOBILIS,  see  Ceral. 

ISLAND  OF  REIL,  Imrala  cerebri. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
beautiful  island  is  a  favourable  summer  retreat 
for  invalids.  UnderolhT  is  the  situation  chosen 
as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  valetudina- 
rians. Cowes,  Niton,  Saneown,  Shanklin,  and 
Ryde,  are  delightful  sumnffer  residences. 

ISOCH'RONOUS,  Isoch'ronus,  Isochronous, 
Isod'romus,  from  i<ro$,  'equal/  and  X9°v**»  'time.' 
That  which  takes  place  in  the  same  time,  or  in 
equal  times.  The  pulsations  of  the  arteries,  in 
various  parts  of  the  body,  are  nearly  isochronous. 

ISOCH'RYSON,  Auro  compar ;  from  wt, 
'equal/  and  x?v<J°s>  'gold.'  A  collyrium,  de- 
scribed by  Galen  as  worth  its  weight  in  gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam, made  with  equal  parts  of  antimony  and 
mercury. 

ISOC'RATBS,  from  tcot,  'equal/  and  rcpsvvpt, 
'  I  mix.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine  and 
water.  —  Hippocrates. 

ISODROMUS,  Isochronous. 

ISOLUSINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

ISOM'ERIC,  Isotner'icus,  Ison'erus,  Isoma'rws, 
Isom'orus,  from  ins,  'equal/  and  pt#>s,  'part.* 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  bodies  which 
agree  in  composition,  but  differ  in  properties. 
The  condition  is  termed  Isom'erimn. 

ISOMERISM,  see  Isomeric 

ISOMORPHISM,  see  Isomorphous. 

ISOMOR'PHOUS,  Isomor'phus,  Isomor'pkiem*, 
from  tffof,  'equal/  and  popfn,  'form.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  different  bodies  which  have  the  same 
crystalline  form.  The  condition  is  called  Iso- 
morphism. 

ISONANDRA  GUTTA,  see  GutU  percha. 

ISOPATHI'A,  Isop'athy,  from  **<*,  'equal,* 
and  raBos,  'disease.'  This  term  has  been  used 
by  some  of  the  German  writers  to  signify  the 
cure  of  diseases  by  the  disease  itself,  or  its  pro- 
ducts;— under  the  hypothesis,  that  every  conta- 
gious disease  contains  in  its  contagious 


IBSUB 


JACTATION 


the  meant  for  its  cure ;  — •  thus,  that  variola  may  ■ 
be  cored  by  homoeopathic  doses  of  variolous 
matter;  syphilis,  with  venereal  matter,  Ac,  Ac. 
Others  have  given  to  isopathy  another  form; — 
maintaining,  that  every  diseased  organ  has  its 
remedy  in  the  same  organ, — that  eating  liver,  for 
example,  will  remove  disease  of  the  liver ! 

Isopathia  has  been  used  by  an  American  writer 
—Dr.  J.  M.  B.  Harden,  of  Georgia  —  to  mean 
"ParaUeliem  of  Disease*;"  "the  disposition  of 
diseases  to  'anastomose  with  eaeh  other,'  or  to 
wear  each  other's  livery." 

ISSUE,  Fonticulus  — L  Peas,  Aurantia  ouras- 
saventia,  see  Fonticulua. 

JSTHME  B  U  G  OSIER,  Isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMI'TIS,  Jnflamwut'tio  Fau'cium,  L  pa- 
la' ti,  Angi'na  simplex,  Cynan'che  simplex^  Angi'na 
mitis,  A.  faueium,  Angor  fau'eium,  (F.)  Angine 
wimple.  Inflammation  of  the  fauces.  See  Cy- 
nanohe  pharyngea,  and  Angina. 

ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS;  from  <**/<«(,  'the 
fauces/  and  xarofso*,  '  catarrh.'  Catarrh  of  the 
fauces. 

ISTHMODYN'IA,  from  teBpos,  'the  know,' 
and  oivvpt  '  pain.'    Pain  in  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOPLE'GIA;  from  icQfiot,  '  the  fauces,' 
and  irXi7yi7,  '  a  stroke.'    Paralysis  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOS,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMOTYPHUS,  Cynanche  maligna. 

ISTHM US,  Itth'wtion.  A  tongue  of  land  join- 
ing  a  peninsula  to  a  continent,  or  which  sepa- 
rates two  seas.  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Faucet,  Isthmus  of  the  Fauces,  Isthmus  Fau'eium, 
Claustrum  Gut'turis,  (F.)  Iethme  du  gorier,  to  the 
strait  which  separates  the  mouth  from  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  formed  above  by  the  velum  palati 
and  uvula;  at  the  sides,  by  the  pillars  of  the 
fauces  and  the  tonsils;  and  below,  by  the  base 
of  the  tongue. 

Isthmus  or  the  Fossa  Oya'lis;  Isthmus  Vieus- 
sen'ii,  Striga  cartilagino'sa  cordis,  is  the  promi- 
nent arch  formed  above  the  fossa  ovalis  by  the 
union  of  the  two  pillars  which  bound  the  cavity. 

Isthmus  or  thb  Thyroid  Glahd  is  a  narrow 
band  that  unites  the  two  chief  lobules  oomposing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hepatis,  see  Lobulus  anonymns — L 
Urethra),  see  Urethra — i  Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of 
the  fossa  ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ITALICUS  MORBUS,  Syphilis. 

ITCH,  Psora— i.  of  Animals,  Scabies  ferina — 
L  Bakers',  see  Psoriasis — i.  Barbers',  Syoosia. 

Itch,  Cowpox.  A  cutaneous  eruption,  ob- 
served and  described  by  Gb'lis,  which  appeared 
after  the  fourteenth  day  from  vaccination,  and 
consisted  of  isolated  vesicles,  often  filled  with  a 
puriform  fluid. 

Itch,  Grocers/  see  Psoriasis — L  Insect,  see 
Psora— i.  Weed,  Veratrum  viride. 


ITCHING,  Paraj/su  pruritus,  AutaVgia  prn- 
rtgino'sa,  Pruri'tus,  Pruri'go,  Cnesmos,  Onesma, 
(F.)  Prurit,  Demangeaison.  A  sensation,  more 
inconvenient  than  painful,  seated  especially  at 
the  surface  of  the  body,  which  provokes  the 
patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may  be  either  am 
external  or  an  internal  sensation :  that  is,  pro- 
duced by  an  external  body,  or  by  some  modifica- 
tion in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to  which 
it  is  referred. 

ITEA,  Salix. 

ITER  DENTIS,  see  Gubernaoulum  dentis  — 
L  Femineum,  Perinanun — i  ad  Infandibnlum, 
Vulva — i.  a  Palato  ad  Aurem,  Eustachian  tube 

—  i.  ad  Quartum  ventriculum,  Aqussductus  Sylvii 

—  L  ad  Tertium  ventriculum,  Vulva— L  Urines, 
Urethra — i.  Urinarium,  Urethra.. 

ITHYPHAI/LUS,  from  »&»*,  'straight,'  and 
0aXAo(,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  a 
penis,  anoiently  worn  round  the  neck,  to  which 
were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

ITINERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS,  from  irnt,  'bold/  'rash.'  A  suffix  de- 
noting inflammation;  —  as  enoephaltit*,  inflam- 
mation of  the  encephalon;  —  Plenrttt*,  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura. 

IVA,  Teucrium  iva — i.  Arthritica,  Teucrium 
ohamsBpitys — i.  Moschata  MonspelienBium,  Ten- 
orium  iva — L  Pecanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MUSQUBE,  Teucrium  iva  — t.  Pe- 
tite,  Teucrium  ehamapitys. 

IVOIRE,  Ivory. 

IVORY,  Ebur,  EVephae,  (F.)  Ivoire.  The  tusk 
of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  is  used  for  the  fabrication  of 
pessaries,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  instruments, 
Ac  Formerly,  when  calcined  to  whiteness,  it 
entered  into  some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and  anthelmintic, 
and  was  called  Spodium* 

The  dentine  is  the  ivory  of  the  human  tooth. 
See  Tooth. 

IVRAIE,  Lolium  temulentum. 

IVRESSE,  Temulentia. 
.    IVY,  Hedera  helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia— i. 
American,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia — i.  Big,  Kal- 
mia latifolia — i.  Fine-leaved,  \Ampelopsis  quin- 
quefolia— i.  Ground,  Gleooma  hederaoeum. 

IXIA,  Varix,  Viscum  album. 

IXINE,  Atractylus  gummifera. 

IXIR,  Elixir. 

IXOS,  Viscum  album. 

IX US,  Galium  aparine. 

IXYOMYELFTIS,  from  tfr,  'the  lumbar  re- 
gion/ avsXos,  'marrow/  and  i  ft*>  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow  in 
the  lumbar  region. 

IXYS,  Ix'ya,  Ix'yi.  Used  by  different  authors 
for  the  ilia,  flanks,  and  loins ;  most  frequently 
for  the  last.  —  Hippocrates. 


J. 


JABOT,  Ingluvies. 

JACA  INDICA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

JACEA,  Tricolor,  Viola  Tricolor— j.  Ramosis- 
•ima,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

JACENS,  Sick. 

JACK  IN  THE  HEDGE,  miliaria. 

JACKSON'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  Linimen- 
tum  saponis  oompositum. 

JACOBJSA,  Seneeio  Jaoobewk 


JACOB J5E,  Senedo  Jaeobaa. 

JACOB'S  LADDER,  FALSE,  Polemonium 
reptans. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Petrosal 
ganglion. 

JACTA'TION,  Jactita'tion,  Jaeta'tio,  Jacta'tus, 
Rhiptas'mos,  Jactita'tio,  from  jaetare,  'to  toss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety;  excessive  restlessness* 
—a  symptom  observed,  in  serious  diseases. 


JACTITATIO 


4M 


JOANNESIA 


JACTITATIO,  Inquietude. 

JADE  NEPHRITE  ou  ORIENT  ALE,  Ne- 
phretious  lapis. 

JAGRE,  see  Tari. 

JALAP,  Convolvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
oandra — j.  Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  deoandra — 
j.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPIUM,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa— j.  Alba,  Con- 
volvulus mochoacan. 

JALEYRAO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  from  Mau- 
riac  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont  in 
Auvergne.  The  waters  contain  lime  and  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  ape- 
rient, Ac. 

JALOPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JAMAICA,  Bee  West  Indies— j.  Bark  tree, 
Bursora  gummifera. 

JAMAICINE,  see  Geoffrasa  inermis. 

JAMBES  DE  BARBADE,  see  Elephantiasis 
—j.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

JAMBIER,  Tibial  —  /.  Antirieur,  Tibialis  an- 
ticus  — j.  Grtle,  Plantar  muscle  — /.  PoeUrieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMES'S  ANALEPTIC  PILLS,  see  Ana- 
leptica. 

JAMESTOWN  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

JANIPHA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihot 

JANITOR,  Pylorus. 

JANITRIX,  Porta  vena. 

JANONTARENTISME,  Tarantismus. 

JANUS,  Dicephalus. 

JACQUIER,  Artocarpus. 

JARRET,  Poples. 

JARRETIER,  PoplitsBus  muscle,  Hamstring. 

JARRETIltRE  (F.),  Perit'celie,  a  garter, 
from  garetum  or  garretum,  in  low  Latin,  the 
ham.  A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  which  oc- 
cupies the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is 
worn. 

JASMIN,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea  Arabum. 

Jasxi'huh  Ofpicina'lE,  Jaeminnm,  Jesemi'num, 
the  Jet'tamine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  The  flowers  of  this 
beautiful  plant  have  a  very  fragrant  smell,  and  a 
bitter  taste.  They  afford,  by  distillation,  an  es- 
sential oil  ,*  which  is  much  esteemed  in  Italy,  for 
rubbing  paralytic  limbs,  and  in  the  cure  of  rheu- 
matic pains. 

JASPER,  Jaspis. 

JASPIS,  Jasper.  A  precious  stone,  supposed 
by  the  ancients  to  be  capable  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage when  worn  as  an  amulet. 

JATAMANSI,  Sumbul. 

JAT'ROPHA  CURCAS,  Ric"inu»  major,  Rid- 
noi'des,  Pi'neue  purgane,  Pinho'nee  In'dici,  Faba 
cathar'tica,  Avella'na  cathar'tica,  Nux  cathar'tica 
America' na,  Nux  Barbaden'ti;  Physio  Nut,  (F.) 
Pignon  d'Inde,  Mtdieinier  cathartique,  Grand 
haricot  de  Ptrou,  Pignon  de  Barbaric,  Noix  ca- 
thartique, N.  Am&ricaine  ou  dee  Barbade*.  Nat. 
Order,  Euphorbiacea).  The  seeds  of  this  plant 
afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given,  in  many  places, 
like  the  castor  oil ;  to  which,  indeed,  it  is  nearly 
allied.  They  contain  a  peculiar  acid,  the  Jatro- 
phic  or  Igaeuric. 

The  seods  of  Jatropha.  Multtf'ida  are  oalled 
Purging  Nute,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 

Jatropha  Blastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

Jatropha  Man'ihot,  Jan'ipha  Man'ihot.  The 
plant  affording  the  Oaeea'da  or  Cana'va  Root, 
Oaca'vi,  Casea'vt,  Canabi,  Pain  de  Madagascar, 
BWinui  Minor,  Man' ioc,  Magnoc,  Maniot,  Yucca, 


Maniibar,  Aipi,  Aipima  coxera,  Aipipoca,  Jam* 
pha.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acrid 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal;  of  which  the  cas- 
sada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This  bread 
constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inhabitant*  of 
those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  fecula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Oipipa, 
Fecfula  Tapio'ka,  Am'ylum  manihot' icum,  which 
is  very  nutritious,  It  may  be  prepared  in  the 
same  manner  as  sago. 

A  factitious  Tapioca  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 
which  is  in  very  small,  smooth,  spherical  grains, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  prepared  from  potato  starch. 
It  is  sold  under  the  name  pearl  tapioca. 

JAUNDICE,  Icterus— j.  Black,  Mehsna  —  j. 
Lead,  Icterus  saturninus — j.  Red,  Phenigmua. 

JAUNE,  Yellow—  /.  tfCEvf,  see  Ovum. 

JAUNISSE,  Icterus. 

JAW  BONE,  Maxillary  Bone. 

JAW-DISEASE,  PHOSPHORUS,  see  Phos- 
phorus. 

JEAN-DE-GLAINES,  ST.,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues 
from  Billom  in  Auvergne.  They  contain  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  magnesia;  dis- 
solved in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 

JECINUS,  Liver. 

JECORARIA,  Marchantia  poly  morphia. 

JECORARIUS,  Hepateros,  Hepatic 

JECORIS  VOMICA,  see  Hepatitis. 

JECTIGA'TIO.  A  word  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 

JECUR,  Liver— j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

JEFFERSO'NIA  BARTONI,  J.  DiphyPla, 
Common  Twinleaf,  Yellow  Root,  Helmet  Pod, 
Ground  Squirrel  Pea.  An  indigenous  plant,  be- 
longing to  Nat.  Ord.  Berberiden,  Sex.  Suet.  Oe- 
tandria  Monogynia;  which  possesses  medical  pro- 
perties analogous  to  those  of  hydrastis. 

JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJUNI'TIS ;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation,  — 
from  Jejunum,  '  the  intestine  jejunum,'  and  iff*, 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  jejunum. 

JEJUNIUM,  Hunger,  Fasting. 

JEJU'NUM,  from  jejunut,  empty,**  Nettie,  v*r- 
rts,  Neetifa.  The  part  of  the  small  intestine 
comprised  between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.  It 
has  been  so  called,  because  it  is  almost  always 
found  empty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  Gelly—  j.  of  the  Cord,  Oelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Rice,  see  Orysa — j.  Water,  Bra- 
senia  hydropeltis. 

JENKINSONIA  ANTIDYSENTE RICA,  Pe- 
largonium antidysentericum. 

JERGON,  see  Arrow-poison. 

JER'KING  RESPIRATION,  Respira- 
tion, jerking. 

JERKS,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey  is  the 
largest  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel,  and 
is  most  frequented  by  invalids.  Its  climate 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  south-west  coast 
of  England,  and  especially  of  Penzance,  and  it  is 
adapted  to  the  same  class  of  invalids. 

JERUSALEM  OAK  OF  AMERICA,  Cheno- 
podium  anthelminticum. 

JESEMINUM,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JESSAMINE,  Jasminum  officinale— j.  Yellow, 
Gelseminum  nitidum. 

JEVNESSE,  Adolescence. 

JEWEL  WEED,  Impatiens  balsamina. 

JEW'S  EAR,  Peiiza  aurioula—  J.  Harp,  Ml- 
lium  latifolium. 

JIGGER,  Chique. 

JIMSTON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JOANNESIA  PRINCfiPS,  And*. 


JOAJTHBTTK 


401 


JTJNOUS 


JOANNETTE,    MINERAL   WATERS    OF. 

Several  springs  are  found  at  Joannette,  alout 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  both  cold  and  warm,  and  contain  sulphate  of 
lime;  subcarbonate  of  soda;  chloride  of  sodium  j 
tome  iron ;  chloride  of  calcium,  and,  sometimes, 
a  kind  of  saponaceous  matter.  They  are  chiefly 
used  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis,  leneorrhoaa,  Ac. 

JOE  PTE,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Johne 
Is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Fran  che- Com  t6,  Prance, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  subcarbonates  of  magne- 
sia and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefly  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  in  atonic  affec- 
tions. 

JOINT,  Articulation— j.  Ball  and  Socket,  En- 
arthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stiff,  An- 
kylosis. 

JONAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  This 
spring  is  situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon- 
TArchambault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain 
chloride  of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime ;  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  They  are  tonio 
and  aperient 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  St. 
Jouan  is  a  village,  near  Saint-Malo,  in  Prance. 
The  water  is  a  cold  ohalybeate. 

JO UB ARBE  ACREy  Sedum—  j.  dee  Toite, 
Sempervivum  tectorum — j.  dee  Vtgnee,  Sedum 
telephium. 

JOUE,  Genu. 

JOULOS,  Julus. 

JOUR,  Dies. 

JOURS  CANWULAIRES,  Dog  days  —  i. 
Critique*,  Critical  days — /.  Jndicateure,  Indi- 
cating days. 

JO  VIS  FLOS,  Crocus— j.  Glans,  Juglans. 

JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

JUDJB'US,  Juda'icue  (Lapis,)  Phcenici'tee 
Lapis,  Tecol'ithoe,  (F.)  Pierre  Judaique.  A  stone, 
found  in  Judaa,  Palestine,  Ac  Called,  also, 
Lapie  Syriacue.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be 
diuretio  and  lithontriptio. 

JUDGMENT,  Judic"ium,  (F.)  JugemtnU  The 
faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are  com- 
pared with  each  other,  and  their  relative  worth 
appreciated. 

JUDICATORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

JUDICIUM,  Judgment 

JUGAL,  Zygomatic — j.  Process,  Zygomatic 
process. 

Juqal  Reqiox,  Refgio  jug  a' lie.  The  region 
of  the  cheek-bone. 

JUGALE  OS,  Mais  os. 

JUG  A  LIS,  Zygomatic 

Jugalts  Sutu'ra,  from  fryov,  *&  yoke.'  The 
suture  whioh  unites  the  Os  Mala  or  Os  Juga'U 
with  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also,  the 
sagittal  suture. 

JUOEMENT,  Judgment 

JUGLANS  CINER'EA  (Jovie  glane),  Butter 
Nut,  Oil  Nut,  White  Walnut.  The  inner  bark 
of  the  root  of  this  tree,  Juglans  (Ph.  U.  S.),  whioh 
is  abundant  in  the  United  States,  is  used  in  me- 
dicine, in  the  form  of  extract,  as  an  efficacious 
and  mild  laxative,  in  doses  of  from  10  to  20 
grains.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States. 

Juglans  Re'aiA,  Juglans,  Nux  Juglans,  Carya 
basil' ica,  icaova,  Carya,  The  Walnut,  (F.)  Noyer, 
the  tree;  Noix,  the  nut,  xapvov,  Car* yon.  The 
unripe  fruit,  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  pickled, 
was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  anthelmintic  The 
putamen  or  green  rind  of  the  walnut  has  been 
celebrated  aa  a  powerful  antijyphilitio,  and  used 


as  a  sort  of  diet  drink.  The  kernel  is  an  agreea- 
ble article  of  dessert ;  but,  like  all  nuts,  is  diffi- 
cult of  digestion.  The  expressed  oil,  Euile  de 
Noix,  is  used  in  Franoe  as  an  aliment,  and,  like 
other  fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jugula'ris,  from  jugulum,  'the 
throat'    Relating  to  the  throat 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fossa  Jugula'ris,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  petro-oecipital  suture.  It  is  formed  by  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  by  the 
occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes,  called  thimble- 
like  cavity. 

Jugular  Veins,  Vena  Jugula'res,  V.  sphagit'- 
idee,  V.  apoplec'tices,  V.  eopora'lee.  These  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side ;  one  external, 
the  other  internal.  1.  The  External  Jugular 
Vein,  Trachilo-eoue-cutanie,  (Ch.)  is  of  less  sise 
than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost  vertically, 
along  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck, 
from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to  the  subcla- 
vian vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a  little  above  the 
internal  jugular.  It  is  formed  by  the  internal 
maxillary,  superficial  temporal,  and  posterior  au- 
ricular veins.  It  is  this  vein  which  is  commonly 
opened  in  bleeding  in  the  neck.  2.  The  Internal 
Jugular  Vein,  V.  Ctphalique  (Ch.),  Vena  apo- 
plec'tica,  is  much  larger,  and  more  deeply  seated 
than  the  preceding.  It  descends,  vertically,  along 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as 
far  as  the  subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the 
sinus  of  the  jugular  vein,  (F.)  Gol/e  de  la  vein* 
jugulaire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns 
by  the  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  that  of  the 
facial,  lingual,  pharyngeal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Clavicle,  Throat— j.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

JUGUM  PENIS,  Preeee-urithre. 

JUICE,  EXPRESSED,  see  Succus. 

JUJUBE,  Jujuba,  Zit'yphum,  Baccm  jujubes, 
B.  Zit'yphi.  The  fruit  of  Rhamnue  Ziz'yphue, 
Ziz'yphus  vulga'ris  seu  jujuba  seu  sati'va,  a  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  It  was  formerly 
ranked  amongst  the  pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an 
agreeable  sweet  taste.  The  fruit*  of  two  other 
species  of  Zizyphus — Z.  jujuba,  Rhamnue  jujuba, 
Maneana  arbo'rea,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies, 
and  Z.  lotus,  Rhamnue  lotus,  Zizyphue  nit'ida  sen 
sati'va  seu  sylves'tris,  growing  in  North  Africa, 
possess  similar  properties  to  Zizyphue  vulgaris. 

Jujubk  Paste,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep— j.  Camphor®,  Mistura 
Camphors. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  JuWpue,  Zula'pium,  Ju- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  demul- 
cent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

Julep,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphors— j.  Cam- 
phrS,  Mistura  camphors — j.  Mint,  see  Mint 
julep. 

JULUS,  Jula;  Ioulos,  tov\o<.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chin. —  Rufus  of  Ephesua. 

JUMEAU,  Gemellus. 

JUMEAUX  DE  LA  JAMBE,  GastrocnemiL 

JUMELLE,  Gemellus. 

JUMENTOUS  URINE,  Urine  jumenteuec 

JUNCTURA,  Articulation. 

JUNCUS  ODORA'TUS,  Andropo'gon  schec- 
nan'thus  seu  bicor'nis  sen  citra'tus  seu  citriodo'- 
rue,  Cymbopo'gon  schcenan' thus,  Foenum  earn*. 
lo'rum,  Juncus  aromat'icus,  CameVe  hay,  Sweet 
rush,  Schcenan' thus,  Schcenan'thum,  Seaman' thum, 
Cal'amue  odora'tus,  Sguinan'thue,  Grame+Mric%. 


JUHGLB 


m 


EAHINCA 


te'tt,  (F.)  Jono  odoranL  The  dried  plant,  which 
1b  generally  prooored  from  Turkey  and  Arabia, 
has  an  agreeable  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish 
taste.  It  was  formerly  need  as  a  stomaehio  and 
deobstruent 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurring  in  the  jungle  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TREE,  Juniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  berries. 

JUNIP'BRUS  COMMU'NIS,  /.  Suecica,  Ar- 
eeu'thos,Ju'nipertree;  Akafalis,  Akat'era.  Fa- 
mily,  Conifer».  Sex.  Syst.  Dioeeia  Monadelphia. 
The  tops  and  berries,  Junip'erue  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
ordered  in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent Properties  dependent  upon  essential  oil, 
whioh  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  9j  to  gss,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring 
gin.  The  oil,  O'leum  junip'ori,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant  It  is  called,  by  Roland, 
Targar.  (F.)  Genivritr  (the  plant),  Genievre 
(the  berry). 

Juniperus  Ltota.  ThiB  plant — Thu'rea,  Th. 
virga,  Arbor  thurif'era —  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros  Olib'anum, 
Thus  Libano'tos,  Libano'tum,  Lib'anos,  Thus 
mas'culum,  Thus  verum,  (F.)  Encens,  By  some, 
however,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  produoe  of  an 
Am'yris,  and  by  others  of  Bosvoel'lia  terra' to. 
The  odour  of  olibanum  is  peculiar  and  aromatic ; 
taste  bitterish  and  slightly  pungent ;  partly  solu- 
ble in  alcohol,  and  forming  a  milky  emulsion, 
when  triturated  with  water.  It  was  formerly 
used  in  dysentery  and  haemoptysis,  but  is  now 
never  employed  except  as  a  perfume  in  a  sick 
room. 

Jujcipbrus  Oxycb'dbus,  (F.)  Cade,  Oxicidre, 
Oxycldre,  grows  in  the  south  of  Europe,  Siberia, 
Ac.  By  combustion  of  the  wood,  a  liquid  tar, 
O'Uum  ca'dinum,  Junip'eri  o'leum  empyreumat'i- 
eum,  Huile  de  Cade  ou  de  Genivrier,  is  obtained, 
which  is  employed  externally  in  various  chronic 
cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

Juniperus  Sabi'xa,  Sabi'na,  Savi'na,  Sabi'na 
tier1  Ms t  Bruta,  Cedrus  baccif'era,  Common  or 
barren  savin;  Brathu,  Brathys,  Ba'rathron,  Bof- 
rathron,  (F.)  Sabine,  Savinier.  The  odour  of 
savin  leaves  is  strong  and  disagreeable.  Taste 
hot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depending  on  an  essential 
oil.  Their  operation  is  stimulant,  emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic,  and  abortive ;  externally,  escharo- 
tic.  Dose,  internally,  gr.  v  to  x  of  the  powder. 
As  an  escharotio,  they  are  applied  in  powder  or 
formed  into  a  cerate.  The  essential  oil,  O'leum 
Sabi'na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the  virtues  of  the  savine. 
Pose,  two  to  five  drops. 


Jvstmvn  Susgica,  J.  communis. 

Juniperus  Virginia'**,  Bed  cedar.  This  tree 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States  by  the 
name  of  savine,  and  is  often  used  for  the  same 
purposes. 

JUNK,  Pad. 

JUNO  LUCINA,  Dithyia, 

JUPITER,  Tin. 

JURIBALI,  EuribaXi.  A  tree  in  the  forests 
of  Pomeroon.  Fam.  Meliace®.  Class,  Octan- 
dria.  Nat.  Order,  Monogynia,  The  bark  is 
febrifuge,  and  may  be  given  in  powder  or  infu- 
sion, (5J  ad  aq.  bullient.  Oij.) 

JURISPRUDENCE,  MED'ICAL,  from  jus, 
juris,  *  law/  and  prudentia,  '  knowledge.'  Juris- 
pruden'tia  Med'ica.  This  word  is  often  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Legal  Medicine.  It  is  now,  as 
frequently,  perhaps,  employed  for  the  embodied 
laws  and  regulations  that  relate  to  the  teaching 
and  practice  of  medicine. 

JURY  OF  MATRONS.  A  jury  formed  of  wo- 
men empanelled  under  a  writ  de  ventre  itupid- 
endo,  to  try  the  question,  whether  a  woman  be 
with  child  or  not 

JUS,  Zomos,  ZomicPium,  SorbWio,  Sor'bitun. 
Soup,  broth,  Jus'culum  or  bouillon. 

Jus  Bovinuy,  Beef-tea— j.  Coagulatum,  GeDy. 

JUS  &HERBES,  (F.)  The  juice  of  certain 
vegetables  administered  as  depuratives ;  as  that 
of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  Ac. 

Jus  Jelatum,  Gelly  — j.  de  Rigliese,  see  Gly- 
cyrrhiia— j.  de  Viande,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSCULUM,  see  Jus. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hyoscyamus. 

JVSQUIAUME,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSTICIA  BIVALVIS,  Adulasso  —  j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

Justio"ia  Ecbol'ium,  Carim  curini.  A  Mala- 
bar plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leave*,  in 
decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to  be 
lithontriptio. 

Justicia  Peotora'lib.  A  West  India  plant, 
whioh  is  slightly  astringent  (F.)  Carmemtine, 
C.  Pectorals,  Herbe  aux  Charpentiere. 

JUVANS,  Auxil'ium,  Remed'ium.  A  medicine 
or  substance  of  any  kind,  which  relieves  a  disor- 
der.   An  adjuvant 

JUVENIS,  Adoleseens. 

JUVENTA,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTAS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolesoence,  Hebe. 

JUXTAPOSIT"ION,/ox<«?>ot^'to,from>rta, 
1  near  to,'  and  ponere,  positum,  *  to  place.'  The 
mode  of  increase  proper  to  minerals ;  which  con- 
sists in  the  successive  application  of  new  mole- 
cules upon  those  that  form  the  primitive  nucleus. 
It  is  opposed  to  intussusception. 


Hf.  B. — Most  of  the  term*  under  K,  derived  from  the  Greek,  are  found  under  the  letter  C 


£.  This  letter  was  formerly  used  to  designate 
a  compound  of  gold. 

KAATH,  Catechu. 

EAAWT.  Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 
prepared  from  maise. 

KABALA,  CabaL 

KjEMPFERIA  GALANGA,  see  Maranta  ga- 
langa. 

Kjevpfs'ria  Rotoh'da.  Galled  after  Ks&mp- 
fer,  the  naturalist  ,*  Ztdoa'ria,  Z.  rotun'da,  Amo'- 
mum  tedoa'ria,  Col'chictm  Zeylan'icum,  Our'cu- 


ma  aromat'icay  Zedfoary,  (F.)  Ztdoaire  ronsl 
The  roots  of  this  Ceylonese  plant  have  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  warm,  bitterish,  aromatie  taste.  They 
are  in  wrinkled,  gray,  ash-coloured,  heavy,  firm, 
short  pieces;  of  a  brownish-red  colour  within; 
and  are  stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  J)j  to 
3J  of  the  powder. 

According  to  some,  the  round  eedwtry  is  fur- 
nished by  Curcuma  terumbet;  the  long,  Zedoefria 
to,  by  Our'euma  ztdoa'ria* 
TOfi  RADIX,  Cainom  radix. 


KAIB  « 

KAIB,  Kayl  A  word  employed  by  the  alche- 
mists for  sour  and  coagulated  milk. 

KAJBPUT,  Cajeput. 

KAKOCHYMIA,  Caoochymia. 

KALI,  Potash,  Potassa -- k.  Acetas,  Potasses 
acetas —  k.  Aeratum,  Potassa)  oarbonas —  k.  Bi- 
chromicum,  Potasses  biohromas —  k.  Caustioum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Caustioum  cum  caloet  Potassa 
com  calee — k.  Chloricum,  Potasses  murias  hyper- 
oxygenatus— k.  Chromicum  aoidum,  Potassa?  bi- 
obromas— k.  Chromicum  flavum,  Potass*  biobro- 
mas— k.  Chromicum  rubrum,  Potass®  bichromas 

—  k.  Chromicum  neutral e,  Potass®  chromas — 
k.  Hydriodinioum,  see  Potassa)  hydriodas —  k. 
Inermis,  see  Salsola  kali  —  k.  Nitricum,  Po- 
tassa) nitras — k.  Oxalicum  acidulum,  Potassa,  ox- 
alate of — k.  Preparatum,  Potassa)  subcarbonas 
k.  Praeparatum  e  tartaro,  see  Potash— k.  Purum, 
Potassa  fusa — k.  Soda,  see  Salsola  kali — k.  Spi- 
nosum  oochleatum,  Salsola  kali — k.  Subcarbonas, 
Potassa)  subcarbonas — k.  Sulphas,  Potassa)  sul- 
phas— k.  Sulphurioum,  Potassa)  sulphas — k.  Sul- 
phuretum,  Potasses  sulphuretum — k.  Tartariza- 
tum,  Potass®  tartras— k.  e  Tartaro,  see  Potash— 
k.  Vitriolatum,  Potassa)  sulphas. 

KALICUM  HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 
KALIUM  IODATUM,  see  Potassa)  hydriodas 

—  k.  Iodatum  Hydrargyratum,  Potassii  hydrar- 
jryro-iodidum. 

KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalm,  the  botanist  Ivy,  Narrow-leaved  Kalmia 
or  Laurel,  Dwarf  Laurel,  Sheep  Laurel,  This 
plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  K.  latifolia.  So 
also  has 

Kalmia  Glauoa,  Swamp  Laurel. 

Kalmia,  Broad-Leaved,  K.  latifolia. 

Kalmia  Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved  Kalmia, 
OaVico  buth,  Laurel,  Mountain  Laurel,  Rote  Lau- 
rel, Big  Ivy,  Spoonwood,  Lambkill,  Sheep-poison, 
Broad-leaved  Laurel,  This  plant  kills  sheep  and 
other  animals.  The  Indians  use  it  as  a  poison. 
The  powdered  leaves  have  been  applied  success- 
fully in  tinea  capitis ;  and  a  decoction  of  it  has 
been  used  for  the  itch.  The  powder,  mixed  with 
lard,  has  been  applied  in  herpes. 

Kalmia,  Nabbow-leavkd,  K.  angustifolia. 

KALO,  Arum  esculentum. 

KAMPHUB,  Camphor. 

KAPHUR,  Camphor. 

KARABE,  Asphaltum. 

KARABITUS,  Phrenitis. 

KARQINOSEN,  Carcinoses. 

KARENA,  Carena. 

KASSADER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KASSAUDER,  Convolvulus  Panduratus. 

KATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAVA,  Ava, 

KAVIAC,  Caviare. 

KATL,  Kaib. 

KEITA,  MonBonia  ovata. 

KELOID,  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec  The  impure  mineral  alkali 
obtained  by  burning  certain  marine  plants.  See 
Soda. 

KENNELWORT,  Serophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCKY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
The  Olympian  Springs  in  this  state  are  near  the 
sources  of  Licking  River.  There  are  three  diffe- 
rent kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile.  One  of 
them  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sulphur  ,* — ano- 
ther is  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a  sulphureous 
spring.  In  various  parts  of  Kentucky,  there  are 
saline  waters,  which  are  frequented  by  inva- 
lids. The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  are  now  re- 
sorted to.  A  spring,  near  Harrodsbnrg,  in  Mercer 


\  KIDNEY 

County,  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphate  of 
magnesia. 

KERATITIS,  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS,  Cerato-glossus. 

K  ERA  TO- IRITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

KERATONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

KERATO-PHARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyii- 
gens.  

KERATO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cerato-staphyli- 
nus. 

KBRATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  cata- 
ract. 

KERMES,  Ohermes,  Alksrmes,  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green  oak, 
and  is  called  Coccus  il'ieU,  Kermes  animal,  Coe- 
eum,  Coeei  granvm,  Coccum  baph'icum  sen  infeo- 
to'rium,  tincto'rum,  scarlati'num,  Ac.  The  oak, 
to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known  by 
botanists  under  the  name  Querent  coccif'era,  and 
grows  abundantly  in  the  uncultivated  lands  of 
southern  France,  Spain,  and  in  the  islands  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes  inhabiting  it 
has  the  appearance  of  a  small,  spherical,  inani- 
mate shell  Its  colour  is  reddish-brown,  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  slightly  ash-coloured  dust. 
This  is  the  kermes  of  the  shops.  It  is  now  only 
used  in  dyeing;  but  was  formerly  reputed  to 
possess  aphrodisiac,  analeptic,  anti-abortive,  and 
other  virtues. 

Kxiuns  Mihmux.,  see  Antfanonii  sulphuretum 
prseipftatum. 

KERNEL,  Tubercle. 

KERNELS,  WAXING,  see  Waxing  kernels. 

KERUA,  Rioinus  communis. 

KETCHUP,  Catchup.  A  pickle  prepared  from 
the  liquor  of  the  mushroom,  walnut,  tomato,  Ac 

KETMIA  4EGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  C8»s,  Clavis,  CUis,  Clavis  An'gliea, 
(F.)  Clef  de  GarangeoU  An  instrument,  used  for 
extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  firm  handle, 
with  a  olaw  at  right  angles  to  it,  and  moving 
upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  embraces  the  tooth.  It 
has  undergone  several  modifications,  and  hence 
various  instruments  are  used  under  this  denomi- 
nation. The  French  have  the  Clef  d  pompe,  Clef 
d  pivot,  and  Clef  d  now, 

KEYRI  CHEIRI,  Cheiianthos  cheiri 

KHALA  MIMUC,  Bit  noben. 

KIAS'TER,  Ohiaster,  from  gu^uy,  'to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  \>  which  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  the  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  8. 

KIBISTITOME,  Cystitome. 

KIDNEY.  Its  etymology  is  uncertain.  Sere- 
nins  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth,  aued,  the 
belly,*  and  nigh,  (quasi,  quidnev.)  Ren,  Ifephros, 
Protme'sis,  (F.)  Rein.  The  kidneys  or  rein*  are 
the  secretory  organs  of  the  urine.  They  are  two 
glands,  situate  deeply, — the  one  on  the  right,  and 
the  other  on  the  left  side, — in  the  hypochondres : 
at  the  sides  of  the  lumbar  vertebras ;  behind  the 
peritoneum;  and  in  the  midst  of  an  abundant, 
fatty  areolar  tissue,  Tu'niea  adipo'sa.  The  kid- 
ney is  of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  oval  form; 
and  flattened  on  two  surfaces.  It  has,  at  its  in- 
ternal margin,  a  deep  fissure,  by  which  the  renal 
vessels  and  nerves  enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and 
the  ureter  issues.  It  resembles,  pretty  accurate- 
ly, the  haricot  or  kidney-bean.  Two  substance* 
are  readily  distinguishable  in  it; — the  outer,  «e- 
cerning,  cortical,  glandular  or  vascular,  Substan- 
tia cortiea'lis,  S.  glandulo'ea,  which  secretes  the 
urine ;  and  the  inner,  tubular,  medullary,  urinu, 
ferous,  conoidal  or  radiated,  Substantia  medul 


KIBSTEINE 


494 


KNEE 


ta'ris,  8.  Tubulo'sa,  &  Fibro'sa,  which  appears 
under  the  form  of  email  cones  or  unequal  papilla, 
each  resulting  from  the  union  of  small  capillary 
tubes,  adherent  by  one  of  their  extremities  to  the 
oortical  substance ;  and  opening,  by  the  other,  at 
the  summit  of  the  cone,  into  ealices,  a  species  of 
membranous  tubes,  more  or  less  numerous,  which 
transmit  the  urine  of  the  papillae  to  the  pelvis. 
By  the  pelvis  is  meant  a  small,  membranous 
sac,  of  an  irregularly  oval  shape,  at  the  base  of 
which  are  the  orifices  of  the  calicos,  and  the  other 
extremity  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  ureter. 
The  kidney  is  surrounded  by  a  fibrous  membrane 
proper  to  it,  Perineph'rus*  It  has  been  shown  by 
Mr.  Bowman  and  others  that  the  renal  artery  is 
distributed  to  the  corpora  Malpighiana,  where 
the  watery  portion  of  the  urine  is  separated. 
The  blood  then  becomes  venous,  and  is  distribu- 
ted by  different  veins — portal  veins  of  the  kidney 
—  to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which  the 
proper  urine  is  secreted.  Hence  the  blood  passes 
into  the  renai  vein.  The  intermediate  vessels 
between  the  Malpighian  bodies  and  the  convo- 
luted tubes,  have  been  termed  the  Portal  System 
of  the  Kidney, 

Kidney,  Bright's  Disease  of  the,  Morbus 
Brigh¥ii,  M.  albuminen'sis,  Nephri'tis  albumino'- 
sa,  Neph'ria,  Uroze'mia  albumino'sa,  Cachec'tic 
nephri'tis,  Nephri'ti*  socia'ta,  A* to' dated  nephri- 
tis, Inflammation  of  the  Malpig'hian  corpuscles, 
Disease  of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Degeneration  or 
Disorganization  of  the  Kidney,  Granular  Kid- 
ney of  Bright,  (F.)  Maladie  de  Bright,  NiphrUe 
albumineuse,  Etat  Granuleux  ou  Digenerescence 
granuUe  du  Rein,  Albuminurorrhie.  A  granular 
disease  of  the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney,  which 
gives  occasion  to  the  secretion  of  urine  that  con- 
tains albumen,  and  is  of  less  specific  gravity  than 
natural,  and  which  destroys  by  inducing  other 
diseases.  It  was  first  described  by  Dr.  Bright 
of  London. 

Kidney,  Granular,  or  Bright,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

KI'ESTEINE,  Ki'estein,  properly  Ky'esteine, 
Ky'estein,  Kystein,  Cy'esteine  or  Cy'estein,  from 
Kvttv,  '  to  be  pregnant/  and  teBnt, '  a  garment  or 
pellicle.'  A  peculiar  pellicle,  which  forms  on 
the  urine  of  a  pregnant  female  when  allowed 
to  stand  for  a  few  days.  It  is  whitish,  opa- 
lescent, slightly  granular,  and  may  be  com- 
pared to  the  fatty  substance  that  swims  on  the 
surface  of  soups,  after  they  have  been  allowed  to 
cool.  When  taken  in  conjunction  with  other 
phenomena,  it  is  a  valuable  aid  in  the  diagnosis 
of  early  pregnancy. 

KIESTIN'IC,  Kiestin'icus  ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  kiesteine ;  as  '  kicstinic 
urine.' 

KILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
These  springs  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphohy* 
drio  acid;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
iron ;  sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
chloride  of  sodium. 

KILOGRAMME,  Chiliogram'ma,  from  XiAioi, 
'a  thousand,'  and  ypa^ua,  'a  gramme.'  The 
weight  of  a  thousand  grammes;  —  two  pounds 
eight  ounces,  one  drachm,  and  twenty-four  grains, 
Troy. 

KILOLITRE,  from  x<Xtoi,  <ft  thousand,'  and 
\irpa,  '  a  litre.'  A  measure  containing  a  thousand 
litres. 

KINA  KINA,  Cinchona. 

KINANCIE,  Cynanche. 

KINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

KINDCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

KINESIP'  ATBY,Kinesitherapifat  from  kiwis, 
'motion/  and  -rado*,  *  disease/  A  mode  of  treating 
disease  by  gymnastics  or  appropriate  movements, 


KINETIC,  Motory. 

KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maculata. 

KING'S  EVIL,  Scrofula. 

KINICI  ACETAS,  Quinia,  acetate  o£ 

KININUM,  Quinina. 

KINK  IN  THE  HEAD,  see  Insanity. 

KIN  KINA,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Qummi  Gambien'sl,  Gummi  rubrum  ad~ 
strin'gens  Gambien'sl,  African  kino,  East  India 
kino,  Amboy'na  kino,  Gummi  adstrin'gens  Pother- 
gil'li.  The  trees,  whence  one  variety  of  this  resin 
is  obtained,  are  not  botanically  ascertained.  The 
London  college  ascribe  it  to  Pterocar'pus  erina'- 
cea;  the  Edinburgh  to  Eucalyp'tus  resinifera, 
Metroside'ros  gummifera;  and  the  Dublin  to  Bu- 
teaf rondo' sa.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  (1842,)  defines  it  to  be  "an  extract  ob- 
tained from  an  uncertain  plant;"  that  of  1851 
states  it  to  be  the  inspissated  juice  of  Pterocarp'  us 
marsu'pium  (De  Candolle)  and  of  other  plants. 
On  wounding  the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by 
drop.  A  West  India  variety  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  Coccoloba  uvifera  or  Seaside  Grape  ;  and 
a  Botany  Bay  kino  is  said  to  be  the  concrete 
juice  of  Eucalyp'tus  resinifera  or  brown  gum-tree 
of  New  Holland.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Mono- 
gynia.  Nat.  Ord.  Myrtacese.  Kino  consists 
chiefly  of  tannic  and  gallic  acids,  oxide  of  iron, 
and  colouring  matter.  It  is  inodorous ;  the  taste  a 
sweetish  bitter;  and  it  is  sometimes  gritty  be- 
tween the  teeth.  It  comes  to  us  in  fragments  of 
a  dark  ruby  red  colour,  and  is  easily  pulverized. 
Its  properties  are  powerfully- astringent  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  gr.  xx  in  powder. 

KIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kiot'omus,  from  nuv,  'a  pillar/ 
'support,'  and  rtpvuv,  'to  cut'  (F.)  Coupebride. 
An  instrument  invented  by  Desault,  to  cut  any 
accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the  rectum  and 
bladder;  and  which  he  afterwards  used  for  the 
removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  composed  of  a  flat, 
Bilver  sheath,  open  at  one  edge.  This  sheath  is 
provided  with  a  cutting  blade,  which  can  be  forced 
through  the  opening,  and  thus  all  the  parts  can  be 
divided  with  which  it  comes  in  contact 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanam. 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  according 
to  Blancard. 

KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see 
Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral. 

KIRRHONOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  (Q.)  <  Cherry  water.9 
An  alcoholic  liquor,  obtained  from  cherries 
bruised  with  their  stones,  by  subjecting  them  to 
distillation,  after  having  caused  them  to  ferment 
See  Spirit 

KISSINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  Bavarian  springs  have  been  long  frequent- 
ed. There  are  three,  — two  chalybeate,  and  one 
alkaline  and  acidulous. 

KIST.    A  weight  of  14  grain s.— Paracelsus. 

KLAPROTHII  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

KLAPROTHIUM  SULPHURICUM,see  Cad- 
mii sulphas. 

KLEPTOMA'NIA,  Cleptoma'nia,  Klopema'- 
nia,  Clopemania;  from  *>tirrw,  'I  steal/  and 
mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  propensity 
to  steal. 

KLIPDAS,  see  Hyrax  Capensis. 

KLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

KNARESBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  see  Harrogate,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  Genu. 

Knee,  Housex  aid's.  An  inflammation  of  the 
bursa,  which  in  most  individuals  is  in  front  of  the 
patella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and  enlarge  from 


KNEB-JOINT 


495 


KUTUBUTH 


effusion  in  those  in  whom  it  is  subjected  to  much 
pressure.  Hence  its  name.  It  is  a  form  of  cap- 
sular rheumatism. 

KNEE-JOINT,  Genu. 

KNEE-SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equina— k.  Encir- 
cled hoof,  Crusta  genu  equinsa. 

KNIFE.  Sax.  cnip.  SwecL  Knif.  Dan. 
Kn i  v.  (F.)  Canif.  Culter,  SmiU,  CulteWue,  To- 
mei'on,  Tome'ue,  Machdt'ra,  Machca'rion,  Macha'- 
r%8f  (F.)  Couteau.  A  cutting  instrument,  used  in 
surgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and  which  only 
differs  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel  in  being  usu- 
ally larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

Knife,  Amputa'tion,  (F.)  Couteau  d  amputa- 
tion, C.  droit,  Colter  rectus.  This  is  the  largest 
of  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knife,  Cat'aract,  Ceratot'omue,  Kcratot'omu*, 
(F.)  Couteau  &  cataracte.  The  cataract  knives 
of  Richter,  Wenzel,  Ward,  and  others,  being  in- 
tended to  perform  the  section  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  are  so  shaped  as  to  exactly  fill  the  small 
wound  made  by  them  ;  and  thus  to  prevent  the 
discharge  of  the  aqueous  hnmour,  until  the  sec- 
tion is  completed.  The  blade  of  the  knives  of 
Wenzel  and  Ward  resembles  a  very  narrow  lan- 
cet, blunt  in  the  posterior  five-sixths  of  one  of  its 
edges.  The  blade  of  that  of  Richter  is  pyrami- 
dal, cutting  through  the  whole  length  of  its  in- 
ferior edge,  and  also  blunt  in  the  five-sixths  of 
the  upper. 

Knife,  Cres'elden'b.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle ;  very  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on  the 
back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  lithotomy. 

Knife,  Crooked,  Culter  falca'tue,  Culter  cur- 
vue,  (F.)  Couteau  courbe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  on  its  cutting  edge.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the  limbs. 

Knife,  Crotchet,  Cultel'lue  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
teau d  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed  of 
a  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one  ex- 
tremity, and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  knife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
foetuses  in  utero,  and  to  open  the  head  when  ne- 
cessary. 

Knife,  Double-Edged,  Aneepe  cultel'lue,  Am- 
phie'mela,  Amphia'mile,  Catling,  (F.)  Couteau  & 
deux  tranchane,  Couteau  dSearticulateur,  C.  inter- 
omeux.  A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is  straight 
and  sharp  on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for  disarti- 
culating bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft  parts 
situate  between  the  bones,  in  amputation  of  the 
leg  and  forearm. 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE,  (F.)  Couteau  en 
eerpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ter- 
pette  or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Desault  for 
dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  fungi  from  it 

Knife,  Lentic'ular,  Culter  lenticula'rie,  (F.) 
Couteau  lenticulaire.  An  instrument,  used  in  the 
operation  of  trepanning,  for  removing  inequalities 
in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  which  may  have 
been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  trephine  around 
the  opening  made  by  it.  It  is  formed  of  a  len- 
ticular button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of  an  iron 
staff,  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat  on  the 
other;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted  on  an 
ebony  handle. 

Knife,  Lithot'omt,  (F.)  Couteau  lithotome.  A 
name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle.  He  used 
it  in  the  lateral  operation. 

Knife,  Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy,  a  knife 
moving  on  a  joint  at  its  pointed  extremity,  by 


which  roots  and  other  ligneous  matters  are  df  < 
vided  in  pharmaceutical  processes. 

KNOCK-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

KNOT,  Tubercle. 

Knot,  Packer's,  (F.)  Natud  d'embalUur.  A 
compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting  hemor- 
rhage from  the  temporal  artery  or  its  branches. 
The  nceud  d'embalUur  is  made  with  a  double- 
headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  graduated  com- 
press is  placed  over  the  opening  in  the  artery, 
and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it ;  the  balls  of 
the  roller  being  carried  horizontally  round  to  the 
opposite  temple,  where  they  are  crossed  obliquely 
and  carried  back  to  the  part  where  the  compress 
is  situate.  The  hands  are  then  changed  with  the 
rollers,  crossing  them  so  as  to  form  a  knot,  and 
taking  one  above  the  head;  the  other  beneath 
the  chin.  They  are  then  crossed  again,  so  as  to 
form  several  knots,  one  above  the  other.  This 
bandage  is  called,  by  some  surgeons,  Solar  or 
oblique  cheveetre  or  capietrum. 

Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'gicue,  (F.) 
Nosud  du  chirurgien.  A  double  knot  made  by 
passing  the  thread  twioe  through  the  same  noose. 
This  knot  is  used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of 
arteries,  the  umbilical  cord,  Ac. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  chamsamorus. 

KNOTGRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat. 
Order,  Ranunoulacem.  An  acrid  plant  of  South 
Africa,  used  by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  blister  in 
rheumatism. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to  a 
dry  ulcer. 

KOLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

KOLTO,  Plica. 

KOOCHLA  TREE,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia. 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOUMIS,  Kumyss. 

KRAME'RIA,  Ratan'hia,  Rhatan'ia,  Raf- 
anhy,  (F.)  Ratanhie.  Krameria,  Krameria  tri- 
andra,  —  Sex.  Syet.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Polygalese, — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root 
has  a  bitter  taste;  and  is  astringent,  diuretic,  and 
detergent    Dose,  J)j  to  3J- 

Krake'ria  Ixi'na  or  Ratanhy  of  the  AntiUee 
has  similar  virtues. 

KREASOTON,  Creasote. 

KREATIC  NAUSEA,  see  Nausea, 

KREATINE,  Creatine. 

KREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

KREOSOTON,  Creasote. 

KRETINISMUS,  Cretinism. 

KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  cer- 
ealis. 

KUA  KAHA,  Curcuma  longa. 

KUMYSS,  Koumye,  Koumie.  A  beverage 
used  in  families  by  the  people  of  Yakutz.  It 
resembles  sour  buttermilk,  without  being  greasy. 
According  to  Sir  George  Simpson,  it  is  prepared 
in  a  very  simple  way  from  mare's  milk,  which  is 
merely  allowed  to  stand  for  some  days  in  a  lea- 
thern churn  till  it  becomes  sour.  It  is  then  bot- 
tled for  use.  This  drink  is  rather  nutritious  than 
exhilarating;  but  from  the  same  material  the 
Bursts  and  the  Kirghez  prepare  an  intoxicating 
spirit  in  which  they  indulge  to  excess. 

KUSSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KUTKULEJA,  Cassalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTOOKURUNJA,  Cassalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTUBUTH.  An  Arabic  name  for  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  is  never  quiet 


KYAKOSIS 


496 


LABORIOUB 


as  any  one  place,  bat  wanders  about  here  and 
there.  Also,  the  name  of  an  insect*  which  liven 
at  the  surface  of  stagnant  waters,  and  is  in  a 
constant  state  of  agitation.  Some  lexicographers 
imagine  that  it  is  on  account  of  this  last  circum- 
stance, that  the  name  of  the  insect  has  been  given 
to  the  disease. 

KYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAPCTTY,  Caieput 

KYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

KYESTINIC,  Kiestinic 

KYLLO'SIS,  from  kvXXoc,  'crooked,'  'lame.' 
Oullo'sia.  Professor  Chaussier  so  calls  congenital 
distortion  of  the  feet,  Clubfoot,  TaVxpes,  (F.)  Pied 
boL  Of  this  there  are  many  varieties.  In  one, 
the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on  the  soil,  by  the 
whole  plantar  surface,  touches  it  only  with  the 
metatarso-phalangian  articulations.  It  seems  as 
if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon  the  leg, 
(Pes  sen  Tal'ipes  Equi'nus,  Hip'popus,  Oxypo'- 
aia.)  In  other  oases  the  foot  is  twisted  in- 
wards, (  Varu»y  Tal'ipes  carta,  BUnop'odes,  Bles'- 
eopus,  Cylloepus,  CyUop'oda,  Cyllopod'ion,  Lo*~ 
ripe*,  (F.)  Cagneux,)  so  that  it  rests  only  on  the 
ground  on  its  outer  edge;  or  it  may  be  twisted 
outwards,  (  Valgus,  TcU'ipe*  Valgus,)  or  rest  only 
on  its  inner  edge.  In  the  flatfoot  or  splayfoot, 
Duck-foot,  Sar'apus,  Plafypus,  Platypodia,  (F.) 
Pied  plat,  the  plantar  surface  of  the  foot  is  flat- 
tened instead  of  being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  always  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  proper  shape  and  direotion ;  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  be  divided. 

KYMOGRAPH'ION;  from  xvua,  'wave/ and 
ypa<p<a,  «  I  describe/  'A  wave  desoriber  or  mea- 
surer.' An  instrument  invented  by  Ludwig, 
which  is  self-registering,  and  exhibits  the  rela- 


tion between  the  wares  of  the  pulse  ani  the  *n- 
dulations  produced  by  respiration.  (Mailer's 
Archiv.,  1847,  s.  242.) 

KYNA,  Pastinaoa  opoponax. 

KYPHOSIS,  see  Cyphosis— k.  Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral  disease  —  k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

KYST,  Cyst,  Kystis,  CysHs,  from  ncrtt,  'a 
bladder/  '  pouch.'  (F.)  Kyste.  This  term  is  ge- 
nerally applied  to  a  pouch  or  sac, —  Cysto'ma, — 
without  opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous 
nature,  which  is  accidentally  developed  in  one  of 
the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  substance  of  organs. 
Many  theories  have  been  successively  emitted  to 
explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  but  none  are  en- 
tirely satisfactory.  Some  are  formed  by  a  thin, 
translucent  membrane,  having  scarcely  the  thick- 
ness of  the  arachnoid ;  others  of  a  whitish,  fibro- 
cellular  membrane,  more  or  less  thick.  Some 
contain  cartilaginous  or  bony  flakes.  The  greater 
part  have  but  one  cavity;  others,  on  the  contrary, 
have  several,  separated  by  complete  or  imperfect 
septa,  as  is  frequently  seen  in  those  developed  in 
the  ovaries.  The  matter  oontained  in  cysts  is 
sometimes  limpid,  serous,  yellowish  white,  red- 
dish, and,  af*others,  more  or  less  thick,  albumi- 
nous, adipops,Aar  caseous.  The  tumour,  formed 
by  them,  is  etdled  Encysted. 

KYSTE,  Kyst  — JL  Aneurysmal,  Aneurisms! 
sac. 

KY8TEIN,  Kiesteine. 

KYSTHI'TIS,  Oysthi'tis,  from  neb*,  'the  va- 
gina.' Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucouB  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  *•»»»$,  the  'vagina,' 
and  s-tvrw,  'I  fall.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the 
vagina. 

KYTTARRHAG"IA,  from  cvrropev,  'an  alve- 
olus/ and  pnywfii,  'I  break  forth.'  Discharge  of 
blood  from  an  alveolae. 


L. 


LABARIUM,  from  lahi,  'to  &1L'  Looseness 
of  tho  teeth. 

LABDACISMUS,  LallaUon. 

LABDAMEN,  Cistus  creticus. 

LABDANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LABE,  lappam*,  'I  seise/  'I  take/  'the  act  of 
grasping.'  Invasion.  Also,  employed  to  denote 
the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers. — Galen,  Hippocrates. 

LABEO,  Chilon. 

LABES,  Chilon,  Macula. 

LABIA  CUNNI,  Lips  of  the  vulva— 1.  Interna 
sen  Minora,  Nymphse — L  Majora,  Lips  of  the 
vulva  —  1.  Pudendi,  Lips  of  the  vulva — L  Pu- 
dendi  minora,  Nymphs. 

LABIAL,  Labia' lit,  from  labium, '  a  lip/ 

LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 

Labial  Artery.  Haller  and  Sabatier  call  thus 
the  facial  artery  of  the  majority  of  anatomists. 
The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called,  coronary 
arteries  of  the  lips,JT.)  Coronaires  de$  litres,  are 
two  in  number.  The  superior  arises  from  the 
facial,  above,  and  very  close  to,  the  commissure 
of  the  lips.  It  is  large  and  tortuous,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  upper  lip.  The  lower  arises  from 
the  facial,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
commissure,  and  proceeds,  in  a  serpentine  course, 
Into  the  substance  of  the  lower  lip,  to  which  it  is 
distributed, 

AiABLiL  u£Ajn>f.   This  name  is  given  to  a  mul- 


titude of  muciparous  follicles,  of  soma  sise,  roundV 
prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other,  which 
are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips,  below 
the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Veins  are  distinguished,  like  the  arte- 
ries, into  superior  and  inferior.  They  open  into 
the  facial  vein ; — a  division  of  the  internal  jugular. 

LABIALIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

LABIDOMETER,  Labimeter. 

LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Labimitre  on  Labidoms- 
tre,  from  Aa0tr,  Aa/frJo;,  'forceps,'  and  /armswp 
'measure.'  A  scale  adapted  to  the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  the  distance  of  tho 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the  head 
of  the  child  in  utera, 

LABIS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM,  Lip— L  Leporinum,  Harelip— L 
Uteri,  Amphideum. 

LABLAB,  Dolichot  lablab, 

LABORANS,  Sick. 

LABORATOIRE,  Laboratory. 

LABORATORIUM,  Laboratory— 1.  Chymi- 
enm  sen  pharmaceutieum,  Pharmacopoeia. 

LABORATORY,  Labor ato'rium,  Ergasie'ricm, 
(F.)  Laboratoire,  from  laborare,  'to  work.*  A 
work-shop.  A  place  for  preparing  ohemioal  or 
pharmaceutical  products,  Ac 

LABORIOSUS,  Sick. 

LABORIOUS.    Delivery  is  said  to  be 


LABOUR 


497 


LACHRYMAL 


rions,  Partus  laborio'sue,  MogostocHay  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement laborieux,  when  attended  with  more 
difficulty  and  suffering  than  usual.  With  some, 
laborious  labour  means  one  that  requires  the  use 
of  instruments.     See  Dystocia. 

LABOUR,  Parturition. 

Labour  Chair,  Obetet'rie  chair.  A  chair,  in 
which  a  parturient  woman  is  placed  during  de- 
liTery. 

Labour,  Difficult,  Dystocia — 1.  Dry,  Partus 
siccus — 1.  Morbid,  Dystocia — 1.  Pains,  see  Pains 
— 1.  Powerless,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Premature, 
Parturition,  (premature) — 1.  Preternatural,  Meta- 
tocia,  ace  Parturition  —  1.  Show,  see  Parturition. 

LABRISULCIUM,  Cheilocace,  Stomacace. 

LABRUM,  Lip  —  L  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

LABRUSCA,  Bryonia  alba. 

LAB'YRINTH,  Labyrinth'*,  Antrum  bucei- 
no'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear,  Labyrinth**  auris 
in'timas,  In'tima  par§  or'gani  audi'tuf,  Laby- 
rinth'ic  cavity  of  the  ear.  The  Labyrinth  is 
situate  between  the  tympanum  and«*featus  audi- 
torius  in  tern  us.  It  is  composed  otfseveral  «a- 
vities,  which  communicate  with  each  Sfber  in  the 
dried  bone;  as  the  vestibule,  cochlea,  semicircular 
canals,  Ac.  It  is  lined  by  periosteum,  and  also 
by  a  pulpy  membrane,  constituting  the  membra- 
nous labyrinth,  on  which  the  auditory  nerve  is 
regularly  dispersed.  This  membrane  forms  two 
sacs  in  the  vestibule,  called  sac' cuius  vestib'uli 
and  eac'culus,  respectively,  which  resemble  in 
shape  that  of  the  bony  cavities  containing  them. 
Each  sac  contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting 
tho  Otolithes  and  Otoconies.  When  the  sac  is 
laid  open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  par- 
tition appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac, 
and  called  by  Meckel,  Septum  vestib'uli  nervo'so- 
membrana'ceum.  -_ 

Labyrinth,  Membranous,  see  Labyrinth. 

LABYRINTHIC  CAVITY  OF  THE  EAR, 
Labyrinth. 

LABYRINTHUS,  Labyrinth— L  Auris  Inti- 
mce,  see  Labyrinth. 

LAC,  Milk,  Lacca  —  1.  Ammoniaci,  Mistura 
axnmoniaci — 1.  Amygdalae,  Emulsio  amygdalae — 
].  Asafoetidaj,  Mistura  asafcetidee — 1.  Avis,  Albu- 
men ovi  —  1.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci  —  1.  Gum, 
Lacoa — 1.  Lunae,  Marga  Candida — 1.  Maris,  Sperm 
—  1.  Primum  Puerperee,  Colostrum  —  1.  Seed, 
Lacoa — 1.  Shell,  Lacca — 1.  Stick,  Lacca. — 1.  Sul- 
phuris,  Sulphur  praecipitatum —  1.  Terra,  Mag- 
nesias carbonas  —  1.  Virginia,  Virgin's  milk. 

LACCA,  from  lakah,  Arab.  Gummi  lacca, 
Stick -lac,  Gum -lac,  Seed- lac,  Shell -lac,  (F.) 
Laque.  Lao  is  a  substance  formod  by  an  insect, 
and  deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies, — for  example,  on  Crotou  lac- 
eif'ervm,  and  two  species  of  Ficus,  —  Fiats  reli- 
ffio'ea,  and  F.  In'dica.  The  various  kinds,  dis- 
tinguished in  commerce,  are  stick-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  in  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree ;  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  is  called 
•heU-lac 

Lao  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, ae  a  tonic  and  astringent;  and  it  stall  forms 
part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Laeera'tio,  Rhegl,  Rheg'mus, 
Rhegma,  Ruptu'ra,  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  'to 
tear:'  —  Dilacera'tio,  Spar ag' ma,  (F.)  Arrache- 
ment,  JDfchirement,  Dilaceration,  Broiement.  The 
act  of  tearing  or  rending.  The  breach  made  by 
tearing  or  rending ;  as  a  lacerated  wound,  Tresis 
vtdnue  laeera'tum,  Laceratu'ra,  Vulnus  laceratum. 
M 


LACERATtTRA,  see  Laceration. 

LACERTA,  Lizard  —  1.  Aquatica,  see  Ectoioa. 

LACERTI  CORDIS,  Columnao  carnea  —  1. 
Musculorum,  see  Muscular  fibre. 

LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnae  carne«. 

LACERTUS,  Brachium,  Bee  Muscular  fibre. 

LAC'ERUM.  Same  etymon  as  Laceration. 
Any  thing  torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"erum  Fora'men  Ante'rius,  (F.)  Trou 
dichirS  antirieur,  Hiatus  spheno-pitrcux,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  by  the  sphenoid 
and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone.  This 
foramen  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth 
pairs  of  nerves  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth 
pair  to  the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Lacbrum  Foramen  Poste'rius,  Foramen  ju- 
gula'rh",  F.  lacerum  in  Ban  Cra'nii,  (F.)  Trou 
dichiri postirieur,  Hiatus  occipito-pitrenjr,  (Ch.) 
is  formed  by  the  occipital  bone,  and  the  inferior 
edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
Through  it,  the  internal  jugular  vein,  the  eighth 
pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve  pass  out  of 
the  cranium. 

fiACHESIS  PICTA,  see  Arrow-poison. 
.  Lachesis  Rhombea'ta,  Flammon.    A  poison- 
ous serpent  common  in  the  lower  forests  of  Peru. 

LACHRYMA,  Tear;  see,  also,  Vitis  vinifera. 

LACH'RYMAL,  Lacryma'lis,  from  lacryma, 
'a  tear/  Belonging  to  the  tears.  Thin  epithet 
is  given  to  various  parts. 

Lachrymal  Artery  proceeds  from  the  oph- 
thalmic ,*  and  distributes  its  principal  branches  to 
the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Canal  or  Duct,  Nasal  Canal  or 
duet,  Cana'lis  lacryma'lis,  Canalis  or'bita  nasa'- 
lie,  Ductus  nana' lis  orbita,  Cana'lis  sacci  lacryma'- 
lis,  Ductus  ad  Naeum,  is  formed  by  the  superior 
maxillary  bone,  os  unguis,  and  os  turbinatum  in- 
forms ;  and  is  seated  in  the  outer  paries  of  the 
nasal  fossae.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lachrymal  sac ;  and  its 
inferior  orifice  is  furnished  with  a  valvular  dupli- 
cature.  This  duct  transmits  the  tears,  which  have 
been  absorbed  at  the  great  angle  of  the  eye  by 
the  pnncta  lacrymalia,  into  the  nasal  fossae. 

Lacb'rymal  Caruncle,  see  Caruncula  lacry- 
malia. • 

Lachrymal  Fossa,  Fossa  seu  Fo'vea  lacryma'- 
lie,  is  a  slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
orbit,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Gland,  Olan'dula  lacryma'lis  seu 
innomina'ta  Qale'ni,  is  seated  in  a  depression  of 
the  frontal  bone  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and  outer 
part  of  that  orbit.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  an 
almond;  and  of  an  oval  shape,  flattened  above 
and  below : — its  great  diameter  being  the  antero- 
posterior. It  is  composed  of  several  small  lobules, 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  and  separated  by  it  tb 
well  as  by  vessels  and  nerves  which  creep  in  the 
intervals.  This  gland  has  seven  or  eight  excre- 
tory ducts,  which  open  behind  the  upper  eyelid. 
Its  use  is  to  secrete  the  tears,  and  pour  them  on 
the  globe  of  the  eye  by  the  excretory  ducts. 

Lachrymal  Grooye,  (F.)  Gouttitre  lacrymale, 
is  the  bony  channel,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal 
sac.  It  is  seated  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  tho  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os  unguis  and 
the  ascending  process  of  the  upper  jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  Hernia,  Lach'ymal  Tumour,  Her*- 
nia  Sacci  Lacryma'lis,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the 
punota,  but  cannot  pass  to  the  nose,  and  accumu- 
late. By  Anel,  this  was  called  Dropsy  of  the  La- 
chrymal Sac. 

Lachrymal  Nerve  is  the  smallest  of  the  thre* 
branches  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve.  It  ii 
distributed,  particularly,  to  the  lachrymal  gland 
and  to  the  upper  eyelid.  In  its  course  it  give* 
off  a  spheno-maxillary  and  a  malar  filament 


LAOHRYMATIO 


408 


LACUNA 


Lachrymal  Papilla,  see  Lachrymal  Pun  eta. 
Lachrymal  Passages,  Vim  lacryma'les,  (F.) 
Voies  lacrymales.  The  organs  concerned  in  the 
secretion  of  tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
eye,  and  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit  them 
into  the  nasal  fossae.  The  lachrymal  passages 
are  composed  of  the  lachrymal  gland,  caruncle, 
puncta,  duct*,  lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal  duct. 

Lachrymal  Puncta,  Puncta  Lacryma'lia,  Spi- 
ram'ina  Palpebrarum,  (F.)  Points  lacrymaux, 
are  two  small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle  or  papilla,  Pa- 
pilla lacryma'lia,  Tuber'culum  lacryma'li,  about 
a  line  and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  commis- 
sure of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous  with  the  la- 
chrymal ducts.  These  ducts,  Lacryma'les  Cana- 
lic'uli,  Cana'les  seu  Ductus  lacryma'les,  Ductus 
lacrymales  later  a' hi,  D.  puncto'rum  lacryma'lium, 
Cor'wua  lacryma'lia  seu  lima' cum,  Collie"  im  punc- 
to'rum lacryma'lium,  Canalic'uli  lima' cum,  Cor- 
nua  Lima' cum,  (F.)  Conduits  lacrymaux,  are  two 
in  number  —  a  superior  and  an  inferior  —  which 
extend  from  the  puncta  to  the  lachrymal  sac. 
They  seem  formed  by  a  very  delicate  prolonga- 
tion of  the  conjunctiva,  which  is  continuous  with 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.) 
Jieservoir  des  larmes :  —  the  Saceus  seu  Sinus  seu 
Locus  lacryma'lis,  Dacryocys'tis,  Infundib'ulum 
lacryma'li,  Saceus  lacryma'lis. 
Lachrymal  Tubercle,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 
Lachrymal  Veins  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic  and 
palpebral  veins. 

LACHRYMA'TIO,  Epiphora.  Also,  a  profuse 
secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause:  —  weeping, 
Flctus,  Plora'tio,  Plora'tus. 

L ACINUS  TUBARUM  FALLOPH,see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 
LAC  IS,  Plexus. 

LACMUS  TINCTORIUS,  Lichen  TocceUa. 
LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Store. 
LACQ,  Laqneus. 
LACRIMA,  Tear. 
LACRUMA,  Tear. 
LACRYMA,  Tear. 
LACTANS,  Nurse. 

LACTA'TION,  Lacta'tio,  Thcla'sis,  Thelas'mus, 
xrom  lactco,  (lac,  '  milk,)  f  I  suckle,'  *  I  give  milk.' 
Suckling:  —  the  giving  of  suck,  (F.)  Allaitement. 
The  French  make  four  varieties  of  lactation. 
1.  AUaitement  matemel  —  Maternal  Lactation, 
when  the  mother  suckles  the  child.  2.  A.  ttranger 
mercenaire,  —  when  another  suckles  it.  3.  A.  ar- 
tificiel,  when  the  child  is  brought  up  by  hand. 
4.  A.  animal,  when  the  child  is  suckled  by  an 
animal. 

LACTEALS,  Chyliferous  vessels. 
LACTENS,  Sucking  child. 
LACTES,  Mesentery,  Pancreas. 
LACTEUS,  Lactic 

LACTIC,  Lac'teus,  Oalac'ticus,  Oalac'tinus, 
Milky,  from  lac,  '  milk.1    Appertaining  to  milk. 

Lactic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Lac'teum,  Acid  of  milk, 
Acidum  Lactis,  (F.)  Aeide  Lactique.    This  has 
been  recommended  as  a  therapeutical  agent  in 
atonic  dyspepsia,  owing  to  its  being  presumed  to 
be  one  of  the  gastric  acids  secreted  in  health.     It 
is  given  either  in  the  form  of  lemonade  or  of 
lozenges.    The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  milk 
ur  from  the  juice  of  the  red  beet 
LACTICA,  Typhoid. 
LACTICANS,  Nurse. 
LACTICINIA,  Parotid. 
LACTIF15RE,  Lactiferous. 
LACTIFEROUS,  Galactoph'orous,  Lac'tifer, 
f  F.)  Lactifire,from  lac,  'milk/  and/ero,  'I  carry.' 
Milk-conveying. 

Lactiferous  Vessels,  Lactiferous  Ducts,  Tub'- 
•tt  lactifcri  vel  Ductus  Uxctiferi  sen  lac1  tea,  (F.) 


Vaisseaux  on  conduits  lactifh-es,  are  the  exers* 
tory  ducts  of  the  mammary  gland. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milk  in 
one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of  chronio 
inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nipple,  with 
closure  of  its  aperture,  and  obliteration  of  the 
canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube  requires  to 
be  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifnge,  from  lac,  'milk,' 
and  fugo,  *  I  drive  away.'  Medicines  which  dis- 
pel milk. 

LACTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

L  ACTINE,  Sugar  of  milk. 

LACTIN'IA,  from  lac,  'milk-'  Food  prepared 
with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR,  Galactopotes. 

LACTIS  CONCRETIONES,  Infarctus  Mam- 
mae laoteus. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANTIA,  Galactia— 1.  Re- 
ten  tio,  Galactischesis— 1.  Sanguinolenti  Excretio, 
Galactohtemia. 

LACTISUGIUM,  Antlia  lactea. 

LACTIVORUS,  Galactophagous. 

LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 

LACTU'CA,  from  lac,  'milk/  so  called,  from 
its  milky  juice.  Lactuca  Sati'va,  Lettuce,  Garden 
Lettuce,  Eunu'chium  Meco'nis,  Thridax,  Chcrbae, 
(F.)  Laitue  ordinaire,  is  used  as  a  wholesomo 
salad.  The  seeds  possess  a  quan  tity  of  oil,  which, 
when  formed  into  an  emulsion,  has  been  advised 
in  ardor  urine,  Ac. 

The  inspissated  juice,  Lactuca'rium,  ThrieVaeie\ 
resembles,  in  odour  and  appearance,  that  of  opium, 
and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but  uncertain.  Dose»gr. 
j  to  x  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata,  see  L.  virosa — 1.  Graveo- 
lens,  L.  virosa — L  Floridana,  Mnlgedium  Floxi- 
danum. 

Lactuca  Scari'ola,  L.  Sylves'tris,  Scxtriola, 
(F.)  Laitue  Scariole,  L.  Sauvage,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  saliva.  It 
has  similar  virtues  with  Z.  virosa. 

Lactuca.  Sylvestris,  L.  scariola — 1.  Villosa, 
Mulgedium  acuminatum. 

Lactuca  Viro'sa,  L.  graveolens,  Strong-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  vireuse.  The  odour  of  this 
plant,  the  leaves  of  whioh  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  strongly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient;  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Lactu'ca  elonga'ta,  Wild 
Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  employed 
for  L.  virosa. 

LACTUCIMBN,  Aphthse. 

LACTUCIMINA,  Aphthse. 

LACTUMEN,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

LACTUMINA,  Aphthss. 

LACU'NA,  Canaliculus,  from  lacne,  'a  lake 
or  deep  ditch.  A  Fossa  or  Ditch.  A  small  cavity 
in  a  mucous  membrane,  the  parietes  of  which  se- 
crete a  viscid  humour.  It  is  used  synonymously 
with  crypt. 

Lacuna,  Crypta,  Fontanella — L  Cerebri,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  brain,  Pituitary  gland. 

Lacuna  seu  Sulcus  seu  Sul'culus  Labti  Su- 
periors, Amab'ile,  Amato'rium,  Philtrum,  /**•/«'- 
trum.    The  hollow  of  the  upper  lip  under  the  nose. 

Lacuna  Magna,  see  Urethra. 

Lacunje,  see  Urethra. 

Lacuna  of  Bone.  Certain  dark  stellate  spots 
with  thread-like  lines  radiating  from  them,  seen 
under  a  high  magnifying  power.  These  were  at 
first  believed  to  be  solid  osseous  or  bone  corpweiem, 
Corpus' cula  osfsinm  —  Corpuscles  of  Purkimjt  f 
but  are  now  regarded  as  excavations  in  the  bono 
—  Sac' cult  chalieoph'ori — with  minute  tube©  or 
canaliculi  proceeding  from  them,  and  communi- 
cating with  the  Haversian  oanals.    The  lactmse 


LACUNAE 


4»» 


LAMINA 


and  eanaliculi  are  fibres  concerned  in  tie  transit 
of  nutrient  fluid  through  the  osseous  tissue. 

Lacuna  Graatia'n.b,  L.  muco'sa  vulva.  The 
mucous  follicles  of  the  vagina. 

Lacunae  Mucosjs  Vulv^,  L.  Graaflanse —  L 
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

LAC  U 'N  AR,  La'quear,  <  an  arched  roof/  The 
roof  of  a  chamber.    Hence, 

Lacu'nar  Or'bitjb.    The  roof  of  the  orbit. 

Lacunar  Ventriculi  Qdabti  Superior,  Val- 
vula  VieusseniL 

LACUNE  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Caecum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal  sao. 

Lacub  Lacryma'rum.  A  small  space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangular 
canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  terminates. 

LADA,  Piper  nigrum. 

LADANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LADEN  DO,  Influenza. 

LADIES  MANTLE,  Alchemilla. 

LADIES'  SLIPPER,  SHOWY,  Cypripedium 
spectabile  —  1.  Slipper,  stemless,  Cypripedium 
acaule  —  L  Slipper,  yellow,  Cypripedium  luteuxn. 

LADIES1  SMOCK,  Cardamine  pratenais. 

LADRERIE  (P.)  from  ladre,  'a  leper.'  (P.) 
Ltproeerie,  Maladrerie.  A  vulgar  name  for 
elephantiasis,  or  lepra.  Also,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception  of  the  leprous,  Leprosa'rium,  Domut 
leprosa'ria,  Leper  hospital. 

LADYBIRD,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYBUG,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYCOW,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADY  CRESPIGNY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilules 
Aloes  et  Kina  Kinse. 

Lady  Hesketh's  Pills,  see  Pilul®  Aloes  et 
Kinte  Kin®. 

Lady  Webster's  Pills,  see  Pilules  Aloes  et 
Kin©  Kin  re. 

LiEMOPARALYSIS,  (Esophagoplegia. 

L.EMOS,  Pharynx. 

LJBMOSCIR'RHUS,  Cancer  pharynfgis  et 
cssoph'agi,  Lamosteno'sis  sen  Dyspha'gia  scirrhor- 
sa;  from  Xai/to;,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.' 
Cancer  of  the  pharynx  or  oesophagus. 

L^MOSTENOSIS,  Dysphagia  constrict*  — 
1.  Scirrhosa,  Lsemoscirrhus. 

LiESIO,  Lesion. 

KfiTIFICAN'TIA,  from  lartijico  {lotus,  and 
facia),  *  I  make  glad.'  Medicines  formerly  used 
as  cordials,  in  depression  of  spirits,  Ac. 

LiBVIGATIO,  Levigation. 

LiEVITAS  INTESTINORUM,  Lientery. 

LAGENTOMUM,  Harelip. 

LAGNEA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 

LA  ON  EI  A,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 

LAGNESIS,  Furor  Femininus,  Nymphoma- 
nia—  1.  Furor  masculinus,  Satyriasis —  L  Salaci- 
tas,  Satyriasis. 

LAGNEUMA,  Coition,  Sperm. 

LAQNIA,  Satyriasis. 

LAGNOSIS,  Satyriasis. 

LAGOCHEILUS,  Harelip. 

LAGONES,  Flanks. 

LAGONOPONOS,  Pleurodynia. 

LAGONTOMTJM,  Harelip. 

LAGOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  >ayof,  'a  hare,' 
and  oipSabpos,  '  an  eye.'  Lagophthal'mus,  Hare's 
Eye;  Lepori'nus  Oc'ulus,  (F.)  (Eil  de  Liivre.  A 
vicious  arrangement  of  the  upper  eyelid,  which 
is  so  retracted  that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of 
the  eye  during  sleep.  It  has  been  asserted  that 
this  condition  of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare 
when  asleep. 

LAGOPHTHALMUS,  Lagophthalmia,  Geum 
orbanum. 

LAGOSTOMA,  Harelip. 


LAICHE,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica—  I  dm  Sa- 
bles, Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

LAIT,  Milk — I.  Adoucissani,  Looch  ex  ovo— 
L  tfAneese,  Milk,  asses' — I.  cTAmandee,  Emulsio 
amygdalae  —  I.  d'Asafatida,  Mistora  asafoetidss 

—  L  de  Beurre,  Buttermilk  —  I.  de  Brebis,  Milk, 
ewes'  — J.  CailU,  Curds—  I.  de  Chivre,  Milk, 
goats'  —  I.  EpanchS,  L.  rfpandu  —  I.  de  Femme, 
Milk,  human — L  deJument,  Milk,  mares' — I.  de 
Pottle,  see  Ovum. 

LAIT  R&PANDU,  (F.)  Lait  ipanchi.  A  po- 
pular expression  in  France,  under  which  is  com- 
prehended every  kind  of  disease  (and  particularly 
vague  pains)  occurring  after  delivery j  all  being 
ascribed  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of  milk. 

LAIT  DE  VAGUE,  Milk  of  the  cow—  L  Vir- 
ginal, Virgin's  milk. 

LAITERON  DOUX,  Sonchus  oleraoeus. 

LAIT  I  AT,  (F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  different 
wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be  much 
used  in  the  Jura  as  a  refreshing  drink. 

LAITUE  ORDINAIRE,  Lettuce— I  Sauvage, 
Laotuca  scariola — I.  Scariole,  Lactuca  scariola 

—  I.  Vireuse,  Lactuca  virosa. 
LAKEWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 
LALIA,  Voice,  articulated. 
LALLA'TION,    LaUa'tio,  LambdacU'mue, 

LabdacWmus,  Lul'laby  speech.  Sauvages  uses 
this  term  for  a  vicious  pronunciation,  in  which 
the  letter  L  is  improperly  doubled,  or  softened, 
or  substituted  for  R. 

LAM  AC,  Acacia?  gummi. 

LAMBDACISMUS,  Lallation. 

LAMBDOID,  Lambdoid'al,Lamddi'de8,  Lamb- 
do'des,  Lambdoldeus,  from  the  Greek  letter  A, 
\a^la,  and  etiof,  '  shape,'  '  resemblance.'  Ana- 
tomists have  given  the  name  Lambdoid al  Suture, 
Sutu'ra  Lambddida'lis  seu  lamldoides  sen  lamb- 
dotdea,  S.  Brora,  to  the  suture,  formed  by  the 
parietal  bodes  and  the  occipital,  because  it  re- 
sembles the  letter  A,  lambda,  of  the  Greeks.  It 
is  the  Occipitoparietal  suture — Suture  occipitale, 
(Ch.)  In  this  suture,  the  ossa  Wormiana  are 
most  frequently  met  with ;  and  the  denticulations 
are  most  distinctly  marked. 

LAMBEAU,  Flap. 

LAMBITIVUM,  Eclectos. 

LAMBKILL,  Kalmia  laUfolia. 

LAME,  Lamina — I.  Cornie,  Taenia  semicircu- 
laris — I-  Ruyschienne,  Ruyschiana  tunica. 

LAMELLA,  Lamina. 

LAMEL'LAR,  LameUo'sus,  Lam'inated,  (F.) 
LameUeux,  Lamineux,  composed  of  thin  lamina 
or  leaves  —  as  the  Lamellar  or  laminated  tissue; 
L  e.  the  areolar  tissue, 

LAMELLEUX,  Lamellar. 

LAMENESS,  Claudication. 

LAM'INA,  LameVla,  (F.)  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone ;  a  plate  or  table,  as  the  cribriform 
lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  Lamina 
and  Lamella  are  generally  used  synonymously ; 
although  the  latter  is  properly  a  diminutive  of 
the  former. 

Lam  'in  a  Cinsr's  a.  A  thin  layer  of  gray  sub- 
stance, which  forms  the  anterior  part  of  the  infe- 
rior boundary  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Lam'ina  Cqr'nba,  Ta'nia  Tari'ni.  A  yellow- 
ish band  or  a  thickening  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  ventricle,  by  which  the  vena  corporis 
striati  is  overlaid  in  the  lateral  ventriole  of  the 
brain. 

Lamina  Cribrosa,  Cribriform  lamella. 

Lamina  Cribrosa  Obbis  EthmoIdei,  see  Oi- 
bU — 1.  Medullaris  triangularis  cerebri,  Lyra. 

Lamina  Pmriton^i  Externa.  The  outer  la- 
mina or  fold  of  the  peritonaeum. 

Lamina  Prima  Cutis,  Epidermis. 

Lamina  Spiba'lis;"  Septum  seala,  Septum  cock'* 
Urn  audito'ri*.    A  partition  between  the  seal* 


LAMDTARIA 


600 


LAPARO-ENTEROTOMY 


of  the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this  next  the 
modiolus  is  formed  of  bone.  The  remainder,  or 
that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of  the  scales,  is 
composed  of  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  called,  by 
Valsalva,  Zona  seu  Zo'nuia  Coch'lca.  By  some 
anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a  Zona, 
osfeea  and  Z.  mollis.  By  others,  it  is  considered 
to  consist  of  fonr  laminae,  when  examined  with  a 
strong  glass:  a  Zona  os'sea,  next  to  the  modiolus 
—  a  Zona  coria'cea,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  :  a 
Zona  vesicula'ris —  and  a  Zona  membrana'cea, 
which  is,  perhaps,  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
cochlea.  At  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  the  lamina 
spiralis  terminates  by  a  pointed  hook-shaped  pro- 
cess, ham'ulus  lam'ina  qrira'lxB. 

Lah'iime  Dobsa'lks,  Dorsal  lamina.  Two 
oval  masses'  on  each  side  of  the  primitive  groove 
of  the  embryo,  which  approach  so  as  to  form  a 
groove,  in  which  are  lodged  the  future  brain  and 
spinal  marrow. 

Laminjb  Spongioses  Nasi,  Turbinated  bones. 

Lam'injs  Vbntra'les,  L.  viscera' Us.  Thick- 
ened prolongations  of  the  serous  layer  of  the  ger- 
minal membrane,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
anterior  wall  of  the  trunk  of  the  new  being. 

LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA,  Tangle.  One  of 
the  Algae  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked  about 
the  streets  with  the  Pepper-dulse. 

The  leaf  of  a  sea-weed  —  a  species  of  Lami- 
naria — is  employed  in  the  Himalayas  under  the 
name  of  goitre  leafy  so  called  because  ohewed  by 
the  inhabitants,  where  goitre  prevails. 

LAMINATED,  Lamellar. 

L  AMINE  UX,  Lamellar. 

LA'MIUM  ALBUM,  L.  folio' *um,Urti'camort- 
tua,  Galeop'sis  Archangel' ica,  Dead  Nettle,  White 
Arch' angel  Nettle,  (P.)  Ortie  blanche,  Ortie  morte. 
Infusions  of  this  plant  have  been  recommended 
in  uterine  hemorrhage,  and  lencorrhcea.  It  is 
not  used. 

La'miux  Ahplexicau'lB,  Dead  Nettle,  Henbit; 
naturalized;  flowering  from  May  to  October;  is 
regarded  as  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  laxative. 

Lamium  Foliosum,  L.  album  —  I.  Montanum, 
Melittis  melissophyllum — 1.  Plinii,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum  —  1.  Rubrum,  Galeopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of  Isere, 
France.     Temperature,  184°. 

LAMPOURDE,  Xanthium. 

LAMPROPHO'NUS,  from  lapxpos,  'clear/  and 
e)u>vij,  '  voice.1    One  who  has  a  dear  voice. 

LA  MPS  AN  A,  Lapsana. 

LAMPYRIS,  Cicindela. 

LANA  PHILOSOPHORUM,  Zinci  oxydum. 

LANARIA,  Saponaria,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

LANCE  DE  MAURICE AU,  (P.)  An  instru- 
ment invented  by  Mauriceau  for  perforating  the 
head  of  the  foetus.    A  perforator. 

LANCEOLA,  Lancet 

LANCET,  Lance' ola,  Lancet'ta,  Schaste'rion, 
Scalpum  chirur'gicum,  (F.)  Lancette,  —  diminu- 
tive of  laneea,  'a  lance.'  A  surgical  instrument, 
used  in  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  It  is  com- 
posed of  two  parts,  the  handle,  (F.)  Chasse,  and 
the  blade,  (F.)  Lame.  The  former  is  made  of 
two  small  plates  of  ivory,  bone,  or  shell,  move- 
able on  the  blade  for  whose  preservation  they  are 
intended.  The  blade  is  formed  of  well-polished 
steel.  Lancets  are  made  of  different  shapes; 
some  being  broad-shouldered  —  others,   spear- 

rinud.  The  Frenoh  distinguished  three  kinds : 
Lancette  &  grain  d'orge,  which,  on  account  of 
the  almost  oval  shape  of  its  point,  makes  a  large 
opening.  2.  The  L.  &  langue  de  serpent,  which 
is  very  narrow  towards  tbe  point;  and,  3.  The 
X.  u  grain  d'avoine*  which  holds  a  medium  sta- 


tion between  the  two  former,  and  is  generally 
preferred. 

The  Abscess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet  fof 
the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

LANCETTA,  Lancet. 

LANCETTE,  Lancet. 

LANCETTIER,  (F.)    A  lanoet-case, 

LANCINANT,  Lancinating. 

LAN'CINATING,  Lan'cinans,  from  lancinare 
(laneea,  '  a  lance'),  '  to  strike  or  thrust  through.' 
(F.)  Lancinant,  (substantive  Elancement.)  A 
species  of  pain,  which  consists  in  lancinations  or 
shootings,  similar  to  those  that  would  be  pro- 
duced by  the  introduction  of  a  sharp  instrument 
into  the  suffering  part  It  is  especially  in  cancer 
that  this  kind  of  pain  is  felt 

LAND'S  END,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles  that 
of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  is  more  relaxing. 
It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to  prove  bene- 
ficial in  consumptive  cases,  in  which  the  disease 
is  accompanied  by  an  irritated  state  of  the  pul- 
monary mucous  membrane,  producing  a  dry 
cough.  Where  the  system  is  relaxed,  and  the 
secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable,  the  climate, 
it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove  injurious. 
As  a  brumal  retreat,  tbe  southern  const  of  De- 
vonshire would  seem  to  be  preferable  to  it 

LANGEAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Aci- 
dulous, mineral  waters  at  Langeac,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Haute-Loire,  France.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  refrigerant,  aperient,,  and  diuretic. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LAN'GII  AQUA  EPILEP'TICA,  EpiUjttic 
Water  of  Langius,  formerly  employed  against 
epilepsy.  It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of  c©»- 
vallaria  and  lavender,  Spanish  wine,  cinnamon, 
nutmeg,  mistletoe,  peony  and  dittany  root*,  long 
pepper,  cubebs,  and  rosemary  flower*. 

LANGUE,  Tongue—/.  Abaissenr  de  la,  Gloe- 
socatochuB  —  I.  de  Carpe,  see  Lever  —  L  de  Cerf, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  L  de  Chi  en,  Cyno- 
glossum — I.  de  Serpent,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

LANGUEUR,  Languor. 

LANGUOR,  Aph'esis,Faintne9S,  (F.)  Longueur. 
A  species  of  atony,  depression,  or  debility,  which 
generally  comes  on  slowly. 

LANTA'NA,  Sage  Tree,  Blueberry,  (F.)  Cail- 
leau.  The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form 
a  fine-scented  tea,  like  L.  Camara  or  Bahama 
Tea,  and  L.  Pseudotke'a  or  Brazil  Tea.  The  tea 
is  used  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LAN  U'GO,  Pili  cutis,  Pluma,  from  lana, '  wool.' 
The  soft*  fine  hair  on  different  parts  of  the  body, 
especially  of  the  young. 

Lanugo  Prima,  Geueias  —  I.  Pudcndorum, 
Pubes — 1.  Siliquss  hirsute,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 

LANUVIUM,  Vulva. 

LAONI'CA  CURA'TIO  seu  CURA.  A  mode 
of  treating  the  gout,  which  consisted  in  the  em- 
ployment of  local  applications,  proper  for  evacu- 
ating the  morbific  matter. (?) 

LAOS,  Tin. 

LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

LAPARA,  Abdomen,  Flanks,  LumbL 

LAPAROCE'Lfi,  from  Aarapa,  'the  lumbar 
region,'  and  KvXn,  'rupture.'  Lumbar  Hernia, 
through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quadra- 
tuR  lumborum,  and  a  protrusion  of  the  aponeu- 
rosis of  the  transverse  muscle  on  the  outside  of 
the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis  and  Ion- 
gissimus  dorsi.  —  Cloquet 

LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA,  Cesarean  8*©. 
tion. 

LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap' arc -entire. 


LAPABOSCOPIA 


501 


LARYNGEAL 


tom'ia,  from  lavas*,  'the  lumbar  region/  the 
'Abdomen/  tvrtpov,  'intestine/  and  rofttt,  'inci- 
sion/ The  operation  of  opening  the  abdomen 
and  intestinal  canal,  for  the  removal  of  disease. 

LAPAROSCOPIC,  Abdominoscopia. 

LAPAROTOMY,  see  Gastrotomy. 

LAPATHOS,  Rumex  acatus  —  1.  Aqnaticum, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum —  1.  Chinense,  Rheum — 
1.  Orientate,  Rhenm  —  1.  Sanguineum,  Rumex 
sanguineus — L  Unctuosum,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus. 

LAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus— L  Acutum,  Ru- 
mex acutus — 1.  Hortense,  Rumex  patientia — 1. 
Pratense,  Rumex  acetosa — 1.  Soutatum,  Rumex 
scutatus  —  L  Sylvestre,  Rumex  acutus,  R.  obtu- 
sifolius. 

LAPE,  Mnous. 

LAPIDIL'LUM,  from  lapis,  'a  stone/  Blasius 
has  given  this  name  to  a  kind  of  scoop,  used  for 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder. 

LAPJLLATIO,  Lithia. 

LAPILLI  GLANDULE  PINEALIS,  see  Pi- 
neal  gland. 

LAPIL'LUS,  diminutive  of  lapis,  '  a  stone/  A 
small  stone ;  gravel ;  a  grain  of  sand. 

LAPIS,  Calculus  —  1.  Accipitrum,  Hieracites 
-— 1.  Aerosus,  Calamina— 1.  Ammoniaci,  see  Am- 
moniac gum — 1.  Animalifl,  Blood — 1.  Armenius, 
Meloohites  —  1.  Aureus,  Urine — 1.  Bezoardious, 
Bezoar — L  Cseruleus,  Cupri  sulphas — 1.  Calami- 
saris,  Calamina — 1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian  —  1. 
Causticus,  Potassa  eum  calce,  Potassa  fusa — L 
Collymus,  JEtites  —  1.  Contrayervse,  Pulvis  con- 
tray  ervsB  compositus — 1.  Cyan  us,  L.  lazuli. 

Lapis  Divi'nus,  L.  Ophthalmicus  seu  Ophthal- 
micus Sti.  Ivesii.  (  Cupri  sulphat.,  Alumin.,  Po- 
test, nitrat.  &&  Jj.  Melt  together,  adding  at  the 
end  Camphor,  gjs.)  Employed  to  make  an  eye- 
water, gij  ad  aqua  £iv. 

Lapis  Fulmixeus,  Ceraunion  —  1.  Hematites, 
Haematites — 1.  Heracleus,  Magnet — 1.  Infernalis, 
Argenti  nitras  —  1.  Infernalis  alkalinus,  Potassa 
fusa  —  1.  Infernalis  sive  septicus,  Potassa  cum 
calce — 1.  Judaicus,  Jndesus  (lapis). 

Lapis  Lazu'li,  Lapis  Cy'anus,  Asulci,  Lasfu- 
lite,  (P.)  Pierre  (Tatur,  Outremer.  A  stone,  of  a 
beautiful  blue  colour;  opake;  and  close-grained; 
fracture,  dull.  It  is  composed  of  silex ;  alumine ; 
carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime;  oxide  of  iron, 
and  water.  It  was  formerly  looked  upon  as  a 
purgative  and  emetic,  and  given  in  epilepsy. 

Lapis  Malucensis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian 
porcupine — 1.  Nauticus,  Magnet — 1.  Ophthalmi- 
cus, L.  Divinus  —  1.  Ophthalmicus  St.  Ivesii,  L. 
Divinus — 1.  Phoeni cites,  Judaaus  (lapis)  —  1.  Por- 
cinus,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine  —  1.  Pru- 
nella, PotassoB  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus  —  1.  Sardius,  Cornelian  —  1.  Septicus, 
Cau8ticum  commune,  Potassa  fusa — 1.  Specula- 
ris,  S.  lucidum  —  1.  Syderitis,  Magnet — 1.  Syri- 
acus,  Judeena  (lapis) — 1.  Vini,  Potass»  supertar- 
tras  impurus. 

LAPPA,  Arctium  lappa,  Galium  aparine,  Lip- 
pitudo —  1.  Minor,  Xanthium. 

LAPPULA  HEPATICA,  Agrimony. 

LAP'SANA,  Lampsa'na,  Na'pium,  Papilla' - 
~ie  herba,  Dock-cresses,  Nipple-  Wort,  (P.)  Lamp- 
tone,  Herbe  aux  Mamellea.  This  plant  is  a  lac- 
tescent bitter.  It  has  been  chiefly  employed, 
however,  as  an  external  application  to  sore  nip- 
ples, Ac. 

LAPSUS  PILORUM,  Alopecia. 

LAQ,  Laqueus. 

LAQUE,  Lacca. 

LAQUEAR,  Lacunar. 

La'qukar  Vagi'nji,  Fundus    Vaginas.     The 


part  of  the  vagina  in  which  the  cervix  uteri  ter- 
minates. 

LA'QUEUS,  Funis.  A  cord,  ligature  or  ban* 
dage,  with  running  knots ; — a  Noose,  a  loop.  A 
fillet,  Brochos,  Paeh'etos,  (P.)  Lag  ou  \Lacq.  * 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 
kind,  attached  by  means  of  a  loop  upon  any 
part,  with  the  view  of  fixing  it;  as  in  certain 
cases  of  labour,  where  a  hand  or  foot  presents ; 
or  to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  and  frac- 
tures. 

Also : — A  prominent  band  in  the  brain,  behind 
the  brachium  posterius  of  the  corpora  quadrige- 
mina,  which  marks  the  course  of  the  superior 
division  of  the  fasciculus  olivaris. 

Laqueus  Gut'toris,  'Noose  of  the  throat' 
Violent  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  which  the 
patient  appears  as  if  suffocated  by  a  noose.  Ac- 
cording to  some,  gangrenous  cynanche. 

LARCH,  Pinus  larix. 

LARD,  Adeps. 

LARDAOE,  Lardaceous. 

LARDA'CEOUS,  Larda'ceus,  Lar'deus,  Lard'- 
if  arm,  Lardifor'mis,  (P.)  LardaeS;  from  lardum, 
'lard,'  the  fat  of  bacon.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  organic  alterations  in  the  textures,  whose 
aspect  and  consistence  resemble  lard,  (F.)  Tissus 
lardaeis. 

LARDEUS,  Lardaceous. 

LARDIFORM,  Lardaceous. 

LARGE,  Broad. 

LARIX,  Pinus  larix  —  1.  Communis,  Pinus 
larix — 1.  Decidua,  Pinus  larix — 1.  Europsea,  Pi- 
nus larix — 1.  Pyramidalis,  Pinus  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium 
consolida. 

LARME,  Tear. 

LARMOIEMENT,  Epiphora. 

LA-ROCHE  POSAY,  MINERAL  WATEJtS 
OF.  Simple  sulphurous  waters  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  France. 

LARVA,  Mask.  Also  the  larve,  grub,  or  ver- 
miform condition  of  an  insect :  the  first  change 
it  experiences  after  leaving  the  ovum.  Larvee 
of  insects  are  occasionally  developed  in  the  in- 
testinal canal  from  ova  swallowed.    See  Ectozoa. 

LARYNQ&,  Laryngeal. 

LARYNGEAL,  Larynge'us,  (F.)  Laryngt, 
Laryngien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  larynx. 

Laryngeal  Arteries  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  Laryngis, 
are  two  in  number ;  —  a  superior  and  an  inferior. 
The  superior  laryngeal  nerve  is  given  off  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastrio,  at  the  upper 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  downwards 
and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches;  the 
one,  external,  which  distributes  it*  filaments,  on 
the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  crico-tbyroid 
muscles,  Ac  The  other,  the  internal,  which 
crosses  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane,  and  gives 
filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the  aryte- 
noid gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-tbyroid  mus- 
cles, and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the  inferior 
laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  laryngeal  nerves 
or  recur'rents,  Nervi  reverei'vi,  Rameaux  7Va- 
chtaux  (Chaus.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of  the 
pneumogastrio  within  the  thorax.  They  ascend 
in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  trachea  from 
the  oesophagus,  to  be  distributed  on  the  neck, 
after  having  been  reflected ; — the  left  around  the 
arch  of  the  aorta ;  the  right,  around  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian.  They  send  off  filaments 
to  the  cardiac  plexuses,*  to  the  pariete*  ef  the 


LARYNGECHE 


502 


LASER 


•saophagus,  and  trachea ;  to  the  thyroid  gland : 
io  the  inferior  constrictor  of  the  pharynx;  the 
posterior  and  lateral  erico-arytenoid  and  thyro- 
arytenoid muscles ;  and  to  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  pharynx  and  larynx. 

Laryngeal  Phthisis,  Phthisis,  laryngeal  —  1. 
Sound,  Laryngeche. 

Laryngeal  Veinb  open  into  the  internal  jugu- 
lar. Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to  the 
superior  thyroid  artery. 

Laryngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 
LARYNGE'CHE,  from  Aopvyfc  'the  larynx,' 
and  n\n  or  i\os,  *  sound.'    The  laryngeal  sound 
heard  by  the  stethoscope  during  breathing  and 
speaking. 
LARYNGIEN,  Laryngeal. 
LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma  thy- 
micum. 

LAR  YNGITE,  Laryngitis—*.  Muqueuse,  La- 
ryngitis (simple) — I.  (Edimateuse,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis — I.  (Edimateuse  et  sSro-purulente,  (Edema 
of  the  glottis  —  I.  avee  Production  de  Fausses 
membranes,  Cynanche  traohealis — I.  Pseudo-mem- 
braneuse,  Cynanche  tracheal  is — I.  avee  Sierition 
de  Put,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  I.  Sus-glottique, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  I.  Striduleuse,  Asthma 
thymicum  — &  Sous-muqueuss,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis. 

LARYNGI'TIS,  from  Larynx,  and  it  is,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation;  Infiamma'tio  Laryn'gis, 
Cynanchi  larynge'a,  Angi'na  laryngea,  (F.)  La- 
ryngite,  Catarrhe  laryngien,  Angine  laryngi,  In- 
flammation of  the  Larynx.  This  disease,  in  some 
measure,  resombles  croup ;  but  is  usually  devoid 
of  that  peculiar  sonorous  inspiration,  which  at- 
tends the  latter.  There  is,  also,  pain  upon  press- 
ing the  larynx ;  and,  whilst  laryngitis  is  a  disease 
of  more  advanced  life,  croup  attacks  children. 
The  membraniform  exudation  is,  also,  absent; 
probably,  because  the  inflammation,  being  seated 
above  the  glottis,  the  coagulable  lymph  is  readily 
expectorated.  It  requires  the  most  active  treat- 
ment 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mucous 
Laryngitis,  Laryngitis  acu'ta,  L.  muco'sa  acuta, 
(F.)  Laryngite  muqueuse,  to  distinguish  it  from 
submucous  Laryngitis  or  (Edema  of  the  glottis. 

Chronic  Laryngitis  is  generally  regarded  as 
synonymous  with  laryngeal  phthisis;  but  it  may 
exist  independently. 

Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis  —  L  Chronic, 
see  Phthisis  Laryngea — 1.  Mucosa  acuta,  Laryn- 
gitis—  1.  Mucous,  Laryngitis  (simple)  —  1.  (Ede- 
matous, (Edema  of  the  glottis — L  Seropurulenta, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  Submucous,  (Edema  of 
the  glottis — 1.  et  Tracheitis  chronica,  see  Phthisis 
laryngea  —  L  et  Tracheitis  infantilis,  Cynanohe 
trachealis. 

LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS,  Oatarrhus  Laryn- 
geus  et  trachea'lis.  Catarrh  affecting  the  larynx 
and  trachea  more  especially,  as  indicated  by  al- 
teration of  the  voice  —  hoarseness  —  itching  and 
sensation  of  burning  in  those  parte ;  short  cough 
and  expectoration,  <fec 

LARYNGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS, 
Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYNGOG'RAPHY,iaryt?^H7ro'p*ia;  from 
Aafvyf,  'the  larynx,'  and  ypafn,  ' a  description/ 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOL'OGY,  from  \apvyl,  'the  larynx,' 
ana  aoyos,  '  treatise.'    A  treatise  on  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOPARALY6JS,  see  Aphonia. 

LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Tracheoph'ony,  Laryn- 
geal voice,  Tracheal  voice;  from  Larynx,  and 
#«vi7,  '  voice.'  The  sound  heard  in  health,  when 
the  stethoscope  is  placed  over  the  larynx  or  tra- 


chea, at  the  time  a  person  speaks.  The  voice 
appears  to  pass  immediately  up  to  the  ear  of  the 
ausoultator.  A  similar  physical  sign  exists  when 
there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and  the  instrument 
is  placed  over  it  whilst  the  patient  speaks.  See 
Pectoriloquy. 

LARYNGOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYNGOSPASMUS,  Asthma  thymicum. 

LARYNGOSTASIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOSTENO'SIS ;  from  Xopirvf, '  the  Is- 
rynx,'  and  oranactsr  'contraction.'  Contraction 
or  narrowness  of  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngotom'ia,  from  Xa- 
pvyf,  'the  larynx,'  and  rtuvstv,  'to  cut'  A  sur- 
gical operation,  which  consists  in  opening  the 
larynx,  either  to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or  to 
remedy  an  obstruction  of  the  glottis.  The  ope- 
ration is,  sometimes,  erroneously  called  Broncko- 
tomy,  and  Tracheotomy. 

LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis—  1.  Tracheitis  with  Diphtheritic  exuda- 
tion, Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAR'YNX,  Aowl,  ('a  whistle.')  Caput  sea 
Oper'culum  sen  InW'ium  seu  Finis  supe'rior  tea 
Terminus  superior  seu  Pars  prima  as' per*  art*'' 
riai.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate  at  the 
superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neek ;  and  at 
the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. It  is  composed  of  four  cartilages,  —  the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  superior  ligaments  of  tke 
glottis,  Ac 

Parts  composing  the  Labthx. 

Thyroid.  % 

Cricoid. 

•••••••• Two  arytenoid. 

Epiglottis. 
'  Sterno-thyroidL 
Constrictors  of  the 
Extrinsic,    •      pharynx. 

All  the  muscle*  of 
the  hyoid  region. 
'  Crico-thyroid. 
Crico-ary  tenoid,  pos- 
terior. 
Intrinsic,     «!  Cryco-arytenoid,  la* 
teraL 
Thyro -arytenoid. 
Arytenoid. 
3.  Mucous  Membrane, 

{Epiglottic 
Arytenoid. 
Thyroid. 

•■*-— WgSi 

***— (SftSCS. 

The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larynx  are  called 
Laryngeal. 

The  larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air,  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress  upon 
it  certain  modifications,  which  constitute  voice. 
Its  dimensions  vary  in  different  individuals.  In 
men,  it  is  always  larger,  and  situate  lower,  than 
in  women. 

Larynx,  Pellicular  or  Plastic  Inflamma- 
tion op  toe,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAS'ANUM,  Sella  famUiar'ica,  (F.)  Chaism 
percie.     A  close  stool. 

LASCTVIA,  Satyriasis. 

LASCIVITAS,  Satyriasis. 

LASCIVUS,  Libidinous. 

LASER,  Laserpitium  —  I  &  Largm  fimiQsm, 
Laserpitium  latifolhun. 


I.  Cartilages . 


2.  Muscles. 


LASERPITIUM 


503 


LAURUS 


LASERPIT"IUM,  Later,  Sil'phium,  »*•$  <nX~ 
eW.  A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  to  a  plant 
and  its  juice,  regarding  the  nature  of  neither  of 
which  we  possess  any  precise  information.  Bent- 
ley,  Laurence,  Geoffroi,  Ac,  regard  it  to  have  been 
the  same  as  asafeetida :  —  Theophrastus,  Diosco- 
rides,  and  the  ancient  scholiast  of  Aristophanes, 
however,  by  assigning  a  sweet  and  agreeable  fla- 
vour to  the  laserpitium,  discountenance  the  idea. 
From  whatever  plant  obtained,  it  was  so  rare, 
and  consequently  so  costly,  that  the  Romans  de- 
posited it  in  the  public  treasury.  It  was  obtained 
from  Cyrene — Succue  Oyrena'icue — and  likewise 
from  Persia — the  latter  being  the  most  valuable. 
The  Laserpitium  is  called  by  Avicenna,  AltiXiU 

Laserpitium  Asperum,  L.  latifolium. 

Laserpitium  Latifo'uum,  L.  ae'perwn,  Gen- 
tia'na  alba,  White  Gentian,  Cerva'ria  alba;  (F.) 
Laser  &  largee  feuiUe*.  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
bitter  and  tonic. 

La8bepitium  Montanum,  L.  siler. 

Laserpitium  Siler,  L.  trifolia'tum  sen  mon- 
ta'nwn,  See'eli,  Siler  monta'nwn  sen  lancifo'lium, 
Heart-wort,  Sermountain.  The  seeds  and  roots 
are  possessed  of  aromatic  properties. 

Laserpitium  Trifoliatum,  L.  siler. 

LASSrTUDE  OCULAIRE,  Copyopia. 

LASSITUDO,  Copos. 

LATENS  IN  ORE,  Pterygoideus  interims. 

LATENT,  Latent,  from  latere,  'to  lie  hid.' 
'Lying  hid/  'ooncealed.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
certain  diseases  or  states  of  disease,  in  which  the 
symptoms  are  so  concealed  and  obscure,  morbi 
occul'tij  as  to  escape  the  observation  of  the  phy- 
sician. Thus,  we  say  latent  inflammation,  latent 
period  of  emall-pox. 

LAT'ERAD,  from  latue,  laterie,  'the  side.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  lateral  aspect.' 

LATERAL  A8PECT,  see  Mesial. 

LATERIT"IOUS,  LaterH"iu*,  LaterW'iue, 
from  later,  '  a  brick.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
brick-like  sediment,  occasionally  deposited  in  the 
urine  of  people  afflicted  with  fever j  Sedimen'tum 
uri'na  lateric"iwn. 

LATESCENTIS  CHORDS  (Museulus),  Pal- 
maris  longus. 

LATEX  NIVEUS,  Milk. 

LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  lathy ria. 

LATIB'ULUM,  from  lateo,  <  I  lie  hid.'  The 
foyer  of  a  febrile  poison ;  whence  it  spreads  to 
every  part  to  induce  a  paroxysm.    See  Clapier. 

LAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Ampkimer'ina  lat'- 
ica  of  Sauvages.  A  species  of  quotidian  remit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  are  very  long,  and  which 
is  accompanied  with  latent  heat  ( ?  ),  whence  its 


LATICES  LACTEI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
LATIS'SIMUS  COLLI,  Platysma  myoides.' 
Latis'simus  Dorbi,  Aniecalp'tor,  Brachium 
movent  quartue,  (F.)  Lombo-humtml  (Ch.),  Dorei- 
lombo-sacro-hurniral,  Mmcle grand  doreal,  M.  trie 
large  du  dot.  A  flat  muscle;  broad,  especially  below; 
thin ;  quadrilateral ;  and  situate  at  the  posterior, 
lateral,  and  inferior  region  of  the  trunk.  It  is 
attached  to  the  posterior  half  of  the  outer  lip  of 
the  crest  of  the  ilium ;  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  sacrum ;  to  the  spinous  processes  of  the  six 
or  seven  last  dorsal  vertebrae,  to  all  those  of  the 
loins,  and  to  the  last  four  false  ribs,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  strong  tendon  at  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  almost  horizontal;  the  middle  very  long 
and  oblique  upwards  and  outwards ;  and  the  an- 
terior almost  vertical.  This  muscle  carries  the 
ana  backwards,  depressing  it,  and  making  it  turn 
on  its  axis.  It  also  draws  backwards  and  down- 
wards the  prominence  of  the  shoulder.    When, 


suspended  by  an  arm,  we  make  an  effort  to  raise 
ourselves,  it  draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arm. 
It  can,  also,  raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  its  fixed 
point  on  the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory 
muscle. 

LATITUDO  HUMERI,  Scapula. 

LATTICE  WORK,  Cancelli. 

LATUS,  Broad  —  1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit 

LAUCA'NIA,  Leiwa'nia,  Lau'chant, from  Xavw, 
'I  enjoy,'  ' I  take.'  The  fauces  and  oesophagus. 
Also,  the  chin.  —  Gorrsous. 

LAUCHANE,  Laucania. 

LAUD'ANUM  or  LAUDA'NUM.  Perhaps, 
from  laui,  '"praise ;'  lauda'tum,  *  praised.'  Every 
preparation  of  opium,  solid  or  liquid,  but  more 
particularly  the  extract  and  tincture,  and  espe- 
cially the  latter. 

Laudanum  Abba'tis  Rousseau,  Guttce  Abbatie 
Roueeeau,  Vtntwn  opia'tvm  fermentatio'ne  para'- 
turn,  Abbe  Roueecau'e  Drop*.  (MeL  Narbonnen*., 
§xij;  aqua  calida,  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm  place, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments,  add  opium, 
5iv,  dissolved  in  water,  fjxij.  Let  it  ferment 
for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f^x:  strain,  and 
add  rectified  epirit  of  wine,  ^ivss. 

Laudanum,  Ford's,  Vinum  opii  —  1.  Liquid, 
Tinctura  opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Hoffmanni,  Vinum 
opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii  — 1. 
Opiatum,  Extractum  opii  —  1.  Simplex,  Extrao- 
tum  opii. 

LAUGH,  Risus — 1.  Sardonic,  Canine  laugh. 

LAUGHING,  Risus. 

LAUGHTER,  Risus. 

LAUREL,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla  —  1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  1. 
Cherry,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Common,  Pru- 
nus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angustifolia 
— 1.  Great,  Rhododendron  maximum — 1.  Ground, 
Epigaea  repens  —  1.  Mountain,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
Rhododendron  —  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an- 
gustifolia  —  1.  Poison,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  1. 
Rose,  Kalmia  latifolia — 1.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angus- 
tifolia  —  1.  Swamp,  Kalmia  glauca  —  1.  Sweet, 
Hlicium  Floridanum — 1.  Water,  see  Prunus  lau- 
ro-cerasus—  1.  White,  Magnolia  glauca. 

LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  thermal  spring,  five  leagues  from  Joyeuse 
in  France.     Temp.  127°  Fahr. 

LAUREN'TIA  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper- 
dulee.  One  of  the  Algse,  eaten  in  Scotland,  and 
hawked  about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along 
with  Lamina'ria  digita'ta  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOLA,  Daphne  laureola. 

LAVRIER,  Laurus  —  I.  Alexandrin,  Ruscus 
hypoglossum — I.  Amandier,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
—  1.  Ciriee,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  U  Rote,  Ne- 
rium  oleander. 

LAURO-CERASUS,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

LAURUS,  Laurue  nob'ilie,  Daph'ni,  Siceet  Bay, 
Nat.  Ord.  LaurinesB.  (F.)  Lauricr.  The  leaves 
and  berries  havs  a  sweet,  fragrant  smell,  and  an 
aromatic,  astringent  taste.  Sweet  bay  has  been 
advised  as  a  stomachic  and  carminative,  but  is 
now  rarely  used.  It  is,  sometimes,  employed  as 
a  fomentation  and  in  glysters ;  and  the  berries 
are  an  ingredient  in  the  Emplastrum  Cumini. 

Laurus  jEstivalis,  L.  benzoin — 1.  Alexandria 
angustifolia,  Ruscus  hypoglossum — L  Camphora, 
see  Camphor. 

Laurus  Ben'zoin,  Benzoin  odorifferum,  Lau- 
ras P8Cudo-benzoin  seu  astiva'lis,  Spice  wood, 
Spice  b'ueh,  AlUpice  bveh,  Wild  allspice,  Spice 
berry,  Fever  wood,  Fever  busk.  An  indigenous 
shrub,  growing  in  moist,  shady  places  in  all  parte 
of  the  United  States ;  flowering  early  in  spring. 
All  parts  of  the  shrub  have  a  spicy,  agreeable 
flavour,  which  is  strongest  in  the  bark  and  b*»r* 


LAUTISSIMA 


504 


LEAD 


ries.  An  infusion  or  decoction  of  the  small 
branches  is  used  in  popular  practice  as  a  vermi- 
fuge,  and  agreeable  drink  in  low  fevers.  The 
bark  has  been  used  in  intermittents ;  the  berries, 
dried  and  powdered,  for  allspice.  The  oil  of  the 
berries  is  used  as  an  excitant 

Laurus  Canella,  L.  Cassia. 

L aurcs  Cas'sia,  L.  canel'la,Per,sea  Min'a.  The 
gpecies  of  laurus  which  yields  the  Cassia  lig'nea, 
Carta,  Cassia  cinnamo'mea,  Cortex  OaneVlts  Ma- 
lobar1  ic<Bf  Cassia  lignea  Malabar* tea,  Xylo-cassia, 
Cartel' la  Malabarica  et  Javen'sis,  Canella  Cuba'- 
na,  Arbor  Juda'ica,  Cassia  Canel'la,  Canellif'era 
Malabar' ica,  Cortex  eras' sior,  Cinnamo'mum  Ma- 
labar'iexurn  seu  In'dicum  seu  Sin  en' $2,  Calihac'ha 
canel'la,  Wild  Cinnamon,  Malabar  Cinnamon, 
Cassia,  (F.)  Cannelle  de  Malabar  ou  de  Java  on 
de  la  Chine  ou  des  Indes  ou  de  Coromandel,  C. 
fausse,  C.  matte,  Casse  en  bois,  Casse  aromatique. 
The  bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the  flavour  of 
cinnamon,  for  which  they  may  be  substituted; 
but  they  are  much  weaker.  The  unopened  flower- 
buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 

Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Per'sea  cinnamo'mum, 
Cinnamo'mum,  G.  Zeylan'icum,  Darse'ni,  Darsi'ni, 
Cinnamon,  Xylo-einnamomum,  Cuurdo  Cartel' la, 
(F.)  Cannelle,  Baume  de  Cannelle,  Cannelle  offici- 
nale. Cinnamon  bark,  which  is  obtained,  also, 
from  the  Cinnamo'mum  aromat'icum,  is  stimulant 
and  carminative,  and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a 
grateful  aromatic,  to  coyer  the  taste  of  nauseous 
remedies.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  9j.  The  Flowers, 
called  Cassia*  Flores  in  the  shops,  possess  aroma- 
tio  and  astringent  virtues,  and  may  be  used 
wherever  cinnamon  is  required.  The  volatile 
oil  of  the  bark  —  O'leum  Oinnamo'mi — Oil  of 
Cinnamon,  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Laurus  Cubkba,  Piper  cubeba — 1.  Culilahan, 
L.  Culilawan. 

Laurus  Culil'awan,  L.  Culil'aban  seu  Cary- 
ophyl'lus,  Cinnamo'mum  Culilawan.  The  tree  that 
affords  the-  Cortex  Culilawan  sou  Culilaban,  Cu- 
lilawan, Culitlatcan,  Cortex  caryophylloldes,  C. 
Caryophylloides  Anxboinen'sis.  This  bark  resem- 
bles the  sassafras  in  appearance  and  properties, 
and  is  used  in  Java  as  a  condiment 

Laurus  Malabathrum,  see  Malabathrum  — 
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus  —  1.  Pseudobenzoin,  L.  Ben- 
zoin. 

Laurus  Sas'safraB,  Per'sea  eas'safrae,  Sas- 
safras, Comus  mas  odora'ta,  Anhuiba,  Ague-free. 
Indigenous  in  the  United  States.  Sassafras  wood 
and  root,  and  especially  the  bark  of  the  root, 
Sassafras  Radi'eis  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.)»  have  been 
considered  stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diuretic  The 
virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil,  Oleum  Sassa- 
fras, the  odour  of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of 
fennel.  It  has  been  used  in  cutaneous  diseases, 
chronic  rheumatism,  Ac. 

The  pith  of  the  stems,  Sassafras  medul'la, 
abounds  in  gummy  matter,  which  it  readily  im- 
parts to  water,  forming  a  limpid  mucilage,  which 
is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in  ophthalmia, 
and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  catarrh,  Ac.  (one 
dram  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water). 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  (Lartus,  'elegant') 
Wines  were  formerly  bo  called,  which  were 
strongly  impregnated  with  myrrh. 

LAV  AMENTUM,  Clyster,  Enema. 

LAVANDE,  Lavendula. 

LAVANDULA,  Lavendula. 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  Enema  —  I  Antiepae- 
modiquc,  Enema  fcetidum. 

LAVENDER,  COMMON,  Lavendula— 1.  Sea, 
Statice  limonium,  Statice  Caroliniana. 

LAVEN'DULA,  from  lavo,  a  wash ;'  so  called 
from  being  used  in  baths.  Laven'dula  spica  sen 
latifo'lia,  Spica,  L,  vera,  Lavan'dula  (Ph.  U.  £.)> 


Common  Lavender,  (F.)  Lavande,  Aspic,  Spic, 
The  odour  of  lavender  flowers  is  fragrant  and 
agreeable ;  taste  warm  and  bitterish — depending 
upon  an  essential  oil.  It  has  been  used  as  a  sti- 
mulant; particularly  in  the  form  of  the  oil,— 
O'Uum  laven'dula.  The  dried  leaves  have  been 
employed  as  an  errhine. 

The  French  use  the  Laybtoula  Stcechas,  Stee- 
chas  et  Stichas  Arab' tea,  French  Lavender,  of 
which  they  have  a  compound  syrup,  Syru'ptu  de 
s toe' chads  compos' itus:  given  as  a  pectoraL 

Lavendula  Lattpolia,  Lavendula. 

LAVER  GERMANICUM,  Veronica  beoca- 
bunga — 1.  Odoratum,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

LAVIPEDIUM,  Pediluvium. 

LAW  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  legal. 

LAWSONIA  ALBA,  L.  Inermis. 

Lawso'nta  Inkr'mis,  L.  alba,  Alcan'a  vera,  A. 
Orienta'lis,  Oyperue  antiquo'rum,  Ligus'trvm 
jEgyptiacum,  Smooth  Lawso'nia,  (F. )  Hennt. 
An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the  root  of 
which  is  slightly  astringent 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Lawso'nia  spinoea  is 
employed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

LAX,  Diarrhoea. 

LAXANS,  Laxative,  Relaxant 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxati'vus,  Laxans,  Le'nient, 
from  laxare,  '  to  loosen ;'  Minorati'vus,  Soluti'vus, 
Alvid'ucus,  Hypeechoreticue,  Hypago'gue,  Ey- 
pel'atus,  Hypocathar'ticus,  Lapac'ticus.  A  me- 
dicine which  gently  opens  the  bowels ;  such  as 
tamarinds,  manna,  Ac 

LAXATIVUS  INDICUS,  Cambogia. 

LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERNUS,  L.  tym- 
pani. 

LAXATOB  Tywpani,  L.  major  tym'pani,  Exter*- 
nus  mallei,  Ante'rior  mallei,  Obli'quus  aurie,  Ex- 
terna* auris  yelLaxator  inter* nue,  Eusta'chiimue*- 
cuius,  (F.)  Antirieur  du  marteau,  SphSni-salpingo- 
mallien.  A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  spine 
of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  from  the  cartilage  of 
the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon, 
into  the  apophysis  of  Rao.  It  relaxes  the  mem- 
brana  tympani. 

Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  process  of  the  handle  of 
the  malleus.  Its  existence  is  denied  by  most 
anatomists. 

LAXITAS,  Atony  — 1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea— L 
Ingestorum,  Lientery  —  L  Intestinorum,  Lien- 
tery — 1.  Scroti,  Rhaohosi* —  L  Ventriouli,  Gas- 
terasthenia. 

LAX'ITY,  Laxfitae,  Laxnese.  Condition  of  a 
tissue,  when  loose  or  relaxed ;  or  of  one  which 
wants  tone.  We  say  laxity  of  fibre,  laxity  of 
skin,  to  express,  that  those  parts  have  lost  some 
of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

LATER,  ANIMAL,  see  Tache  embryonnaire— 
1.  Mucous,  see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  1.  Serous, 
see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  L  Vascular,  see  Tache 
embryonnaire — L  Vegetative,  see  Tache  embryon- 
naire. 

LAYERS  OF  THE  BLASTODERMA,  see 
Tache  embryonnaire, 

LAZARETTO,  Lazaret,  Lazar-house,  from 
(I.)  lazzero,  'a leper.'  A  solitary  edifice  in  most 
seaports  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the  disinfec- 
tion of  men  and  goods  proceeding  from  places 
where  contagious  diseases  are  prevailing. 

LAZULITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 

LEAD,  Plumbum  — 1.  Blaok,  Graphites  —  L 
Chloride  of,  Plumbi  chloridum — 1.  Colic,  see  Go- 
lica  motallica — L  Iodide  of,  Plumbi  iodidum— L 
Nitrate  of,  Plumbi  nitres-*-!.  Oxyd  of,  semi-vitri- 
fied, Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — L  Paralysis, 


LEAD-POISONING 


506 


LEMONADE 


•ee  Palsy,  lead  —  L  Red,  Plumbi  oxidum  ru- 
bra m. 

Lead  Rheumatism,  Lead  Neural' gia,  Arthral- 
gia of  M.  TanquereL  The  neuralgic  and  spas- 
modic pains  caused  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

Lead,  Subcarbonate  of,  Plumbi  superacetas 
—  1.  Tannate  of,  see  Tannin  — L  White,  Plombi 
•uboarbonas. 

LEAD-POISONING,  Molybdo'eie,  Morbus 
plumbeus,  Cacockym'ia  plumbea,  (F.)  Intoxication 
&a4urnine.  Morbid  phenomena  induced  by  lead 
received  into  the  system. 

LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Europasa. 

LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arborea. 

LEAMINGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  waters  at  Leamington,  about  two  miles 
east  of  Warwick,  England,  which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  calcium  and  magnesium. 

LEANNESS,  Emaciation. 

LEAP,  Sax.  hlsepan,  Saltue,  Salit"io,  ExaU 
eie,  (F.)  Saut;  Bound,  Jump,  —  the  act  of  leap- 
ing. Muscular  movement  or  movements,  by  which 
the  body  is  detached  from  the  soil  by  the  forcible 
and  sudden  extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previ- 
ously flexed  upon  the  pelvis. 

LEAPING  AGUE.  This  disease  is  said  by 
the  Scotch  writers  to  be  characterised  by  in- 
creased efficiency,  but  depraved  direction,  of  the 
will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to  dance, 
tumble,  and  move  about  in  a  fantastio  manner, 
and  often  with  far  more  than  the  natural  vigour, 
activity,  and  precision  !    See  Mania,  dancing. 

LEATHER  FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna  — L 
Wood,  Dirca  palustris. 

LEB'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
spring  at  Lebanon,  26  miles  east  of  Albany,  New 
York,  is  an  almost  pure  thermal.  Temp.  72° 
Fahr. 

LECHENEION,  Torcular  Herophffi. 

LECHO,  Puerpera. 

LBCHOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 

LE  CRAN,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

LECONTIA,  Peltandra  Virginica. 

LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  lectus,  'a  bed,'  and 
tternere,  '  to  spread.'  The  arrangement  of  a  bed 
so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease.  Also,  a 
supplication,  with  the  Romans,  in  times  of  public 
danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were  spread  for  the 
gods,  as  if  they  were  about  to  feast,  and  their 
images  were  taken  down  from  their  pedestals  and 

5 laced  upon  these  couches  around  the  altars, 
'he  lectisternium  was  first  introduced  in  the  time 
of  a  pestilence.  —  Livy. 

LECTUA'LIS,  from  lectus,  'a  bed.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  protracted  disease. 

L&DE  SAW  AGE,  Ledum  sylvestro. 

LECTULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 

LEDOYEN'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID.  A 
solution  of  nitrate  of  lead,  (Plumb,  nitrat.  £j  ad 
•qua  f  3  j>)  used  as  an  antiseptic  and  antibromic. 

LEDUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Labrador*  Tea, 
grows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  The  leaves  have  a  pleasant  odour  and 
taste,  and  have  been  used  as  tea.  They  have  also 
been  esteemed  pectoral  and  tonic. 

Ledum  Palus'tr*,  Rosmarinus  sylves'tris,  An- 
ihoe  sylves'tris,  Marsh  Tea,  (F.)  Lide  on  Romarin 
eauvage.  Nat,  Ord.  Ericineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  a  bitter,  sub- 
astringent  taste,  and  was  formerly  used  in  Switz- 
erland in  place  of  hops :  the  virtues  are  equivocal. 

LEE,  Feculence,  Lixivium,  Ley,  Lye. 

LEECH,  Hirudo,  see  Ectosoa. 

LEEK,  Allium, porrum. 

LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potass®. 

LEG,  (Danish,)  Onu,  Scelos,  Cnemi.  The  por- 


tion of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends  from 
the  knee  to  the  foot  It  consists  of  three  bones; 
Tibia,  Fibula,  and  Patella,  and  also  of  a  great 
number  of  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves.  The 
projection,  formed  by  the  muscles  at  the  back 
part  of  the  leg,  has  received  the  name  of  Calf  of 
the  leg.  It  is  the  special  attribute  of  man,  and 
proves  that  he  is  destined  to  be  biped. 

Leg,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 1.  Cochin, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

L  E  G I T '  I  MAT  E,  Legifimus,  from  lex,  Ugi$, 
'law;'  Qenui'nus,  Gne'sios.  An  epithet  applied 
to  things  which  are  according  to  rule.  A  legiti- 
mate child,  (F.)  Enfant  Ugitime,  is  one  conceived 
or  born  during  marriage.  Legitimate  diseases, 
(F.)  Maladies  Ugitime*,  are  those  which  follow  a 
regular  march. 

LEGNA,  from  Xtyvov,  '  a  fringed  edge.'  The 
orifice  of  the  pudendum  muliebre,  or  of  the  uterus. 

L&GUME,  Legumen. 

LEGU'MEN,  from  lego,  'I  gather:*  (F.)  X**- 
gume,  Gousse.  So  called  because  it  is  usually 
gathered  by  the  hand,  instead  of  being  reaped. 
All  kinds  of  pulee,  as  peas,  beans,  Ac,  are  thus 
termed. 

LEGUMIN,  Casein. 

LEICHEN,  Lichen. 

LEFOPUS,  Li'opue,  Planeus,  Planttu,  Plotus, 
from  \uos,  '  smooth,'  and  wovs,  '  a  foot.'  One  who 
is  affected  with  fiat-footednes;  splay -footedneu, 
Leiopod'ia,  Liopod'ia.  One,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  are  flat,  instead  of  having  the  concavity  which 
they  commonly  present 

LEIOSIS,  Comminution. 

LEIPHJS'MIA,  Lipha'mia :  same  etymon  as 
Leiphssmos.    Poverty  or  paucity  of  blood. 

LEIPHiEMOI,  Aohroi. 

•LEIPH^'MOB,  Lipha'mo*,  (F.)  Letphbne, 
from  A«jt»,  '  I  want,'  and  'atpa,  '  blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  adjectively ;  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  the  blood — or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  anaemia — or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition. 

LEIPH&ME,  Leiphsemos. 

LEIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 

LEIPODER'MOS,  Lipoder'moe,  fromXww,  'I 
want,'  and  icpfia,  'skin.'  One  who  wants  a  part 
of  his  skin.  It  is  especially  applied  to  one  who 
wants  the  prepuce.    See  Apella  and  Aposthia. 

LEIPOMERIA,  Lipomeria. 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  X«™,  'I  want,'  and  *»*, 
'fire/  or  'heat'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  Avicenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemitritsea. 

LEMA,  Chassie, 

LEME,  Lippitudo. 

LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

LEMMA,  Cortex,  Feoulenoe,  Furfur,  Sedimen- 
tum. 

LEMNISCUS,  Pessary,  Tent 

LEMON  GROUND,  Podophyllum  montannm 
— L  Juice,  see  Citrus  medioa — 1.  Juice,  artificial, 
see  Citrus  modica — L  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica— 
L  Tree,  Citrus  medica— L  Wild,  Podophyllum 
montanum. 

LEMONADE',  Limona'da,  (F.)  Limonade.  Le- 
mon juioe  diluted  with  water  and  sweetened.  See 
Citrus  medica. 

LemoxaVb,  Dry,  (F.)  Limonade  sick*.  Citric 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed  with 
sugar.  Lemonade  Powders  may  be  made  as  fol* 
lows :— Pound  §  jj  :£  citric  acid  with  a  few  dropg 


LBMOSITAS 


506 


LEPRA 


•f  essence  of  lemon-peel  and  Jj  or  more  of  lump 
sugar.  Divide  into  six  papers,  each  of  which  will 
make  a  glass  of  lemonade.    See  Citric  acid. 

Zimonade  Gateuse,  (F.)  is  an  agreeable  drink 
prepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
Ac,  to  water  saturated  with  earbonio  acid. 

Lemonade,  Maghesiah,  Magnesia)  citras. 

Lemonade,  Nitric.  Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemonade,  sulphuric,  and  Lemohadk,  tar- 
taric, are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tartaric 
acids. 

LEMOSITAS,  Chassis  Lippitndo. 

LENIENS,  Laxative,  Lenitive. 

LENIS,  Lenitive. 

LENITIVE,  Leniti'vue,  Lents,  Len'iene,  Epia'- 
ma,  Mit'igans,  from  lento,  *  I  assuage.'  A  medi- 
cine, which  allays  irritation  or  palliates  disease j 
also,  a  laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive  electuary  is 
one  that  purges  gently. 

LENOS,  Torcular  Herophili. 

LENS,  Ervum  lens— 1.  Crystalline,  Crystalline 
— 1.  Esculents,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  lent,  'a  lentiL'  A 
freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever. 
See  Ephelides. 

LENTICULAR  GANGLION,  Ophthalmio  G. 

LENTIC ULA'RES  GLAN'DUL^, Lentic'- 
ular  gland*.  Mucous  follicles,  having  the  shape 
of  a  lentil,  which  are  observed  especially  towards 
the  base  of  the  tongue. 

LENTIGO,  Ephelides. 

LENTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTILLE,  Ervum  lens— L  Crystalline,  Crys- 
talline —  1.  Era,  Ervum  ervilia. 

LENTIS'CINUMVINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  mastich;  from  Lentiscus,  <  the  mastich  tree.' 

LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  lentiscns. 

LENTITIA,  Lentor. 

LENTITIS,  Phacitis. 

LENTITUDO,  Lentor. 

LENTOR,  Lentif'ia,  Lentitu'do,  from  lentus, 
*  clammy.'  A  viscidity  or  siziness  of  any  fluid. 
See  Gluten. 

LENUM,  Torcular  Herophili. 

LEONO'TIS  LEONU'RUS.  A  South  African 
plant,  which  has  a  peculiar  smell  and  nauseous 
taste,  and  is  said  to  produce  narcotic  effects  if 
incautiously  nsed.  '  It  is  employed  in  decoction 
In  chronic  cutaneous  diseases.  The  Hottentots 
smoke  it  like  tobacco,  and  take  a  decoction  of  its 
leaves  as  a  strong  cathartic.  It  is  also  given  as 
an  emmenagogue.  In  the  eastern  districts  of  the 
Cape  Colony,  Leonotis  ova'ta  is  used  for  the  same 
purpose. 

LEONTFASIS,  Leon'titm,  from  X«w,  'a  lion.' 
A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from  some 
fancied  resemblance  between  the  countenance  of 
those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  the  lion.  To 
this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets  le'onine  and  Won- 
tine  have  been  given. 

LEON'TICE  THALICTROIDES,  Canlophyl- 
lum  thaliotroldes. 

LEONTION,  Leontiasis. 

LEON'TODON  TARAX'ACUM,  L.  officina'te, 
seu  vulga're,  Tarax'acumofllcina'U,  Dene  Leo'nis, 
Sedyp'nois  tarax'acum,  Urina'ria,  Caput  Mon'a- 
ehi,  Dandeli'on,  Pie*-a-bed,  PuffbaU,CB.)  Pis- 
ecnlity  Liondent.  Order,  Composite.  The  young 
leaves  are  sometimes  eaten  as  salad.  The  roots 
are,  also,  roasted  and  used  as  a  substitute  for 
coffee.  The  root,  Taraxacum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is, 
moreover,  reputed  to  be  aperient  and  diuretic; 
hence  its  vulgar  name.    Its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 

Leonotis  Ovata,  see  Leonotis  leonurus. 

LEONTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 

LEONU'RUS,  from  Aw, '  a  lion/  and  ovpa,  'a 
tail/    Lion'*  TaiU 


LBOKURrs  Cardi'aca,  AgripaVma  GaUis,  Mar- 
ru'bium,  Cardi'aca  crispa  seu  triloba'ta  sen  tmt- 
ga'rie,  Herba  cardiaea,  H.  Pat*  lapi'na,  Mother* 
wort,  Throatwort,  (F.)  Agripaume.  Its  properties) 
are  those  of  a  nauseous  bitter  ,*  and  hence  it  has 
been  used  in  hysteria  and  other  nervous  affection*. 

Leonurus  Lakatus,  Ballota  lanata. 

LEOPARD'S  BANE,  ROMAN,  Arnica  moo- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LEPAS,  Levis,  \t*as,  gen.  Xorafa;  Xtng,  gen. 
XmAot,  '  a  scale.' 

LEPER,  see  Leprous. 

Leper  Hospital,  Ladrerie. 

LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS,  Thlaspi  eampestre  — 
L  Sativa,  Lepidium  Iberis. 

LEPIDTUM,  from  Anr«,  'a  scale;'  so  called 
from  its  supposed  usefulness  in  cleansing  the 
skin  from  scales  and  impurities.     Pepper-worL 

Lepidium  Campestrk,  Thlaspi  eampestre. 

Lepid'ium  Ibe'ris,  Ibe'rie,  Cardaman'ttca,  5c£- 
at'iea  creeses.  This  plant  possesses  a  warm,  pene- 
trating, pungent  taste,  like  other  cresses,  and  is 
recommended  as  an  antiscorbutic,  antiseptic,  and 
stomachic. 

Lepidium  SATi'vmr,Zep'ta  sati'va,  Thlaspi  nae- 
tur'tium  seu  sati'vum,  Nastnr'tium  horten'U  sea 
sati'vum,  Garden  cress,  Dittander,  (F.)  Cressoa 
aUnois,  Creation  des  Jar  dins.  This  plant  pos- 
sesses warm,  stimulating  properties,  and  is  used 
like  the  last. 

Lepidium  Squamatum,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 

LEPIDODES,  Squamous. 

LEPIDOIDES,  Squamous. 

L  E  P I D  0  SAR  C  Of  MA,  Tumor  equamifor*mU 
camo'eus.  A  fleshy  tumour,  covered  with  soaks; 
from  Am;,  'a  scale/  and  captevfia,  'a  flefchy  tu- 
mour.' Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus  describes  tu- 
mours of  this  kind  in  the  interior  of  the  mouth. 

LEPIDOSIS,  Scaly  diseases. 

LEPIDOSIS  ICHTHYIASIS,  Ichthyosis— L 
Iohthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny  excrescences  —  L 
Lepriasis,  Lepra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis — 1.  Pso- 
riasis, Psoriasis. 

LIPIDOTIS  CLAVATA,  Lycopodinm  olava- 
turn 

LEPIRA,  Lepra. 

LEPIS,  Scale. 

LEPORINUM  LABIUM,  Harelip  —  L  Ros- 
trum, Harelip. 

LEPORINUS  0CULT7S,  Lagophthalmia. 

LEPRA,  Lep'ira,  from  Acme,  '  a  scale.'  Lepi- 
do' sis  Lepri'asis,  Lepro'sie,  Lepro' sitae,  YitilCgo, 
Lepra  Grraco'rum,  Herpes  furfura'ceu*  drama*- 
tus,  Leprosy,  (F.)  LZpre,  Mai  Saint-Main,  Dartre 
furfuraeie  arrondie.  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  various  affections,  very  different  in  cha- 
racter. 1.  To  the  Leprosy  of  the  Jews,  Lenriy  Le- 
pido'sis,  Lepriasis  canesfcens,  Lepra  Mosa'ica  seu 
Hebrao'rum,  —  a  variety  of  the  Alphos  or  Lepra 
alphox'des.  The  leuce  was,  generally,  not  scaly, 
but  consisted  of  smooth,  shining  patches,  on  which 
the  hair  turned  white  and  silky,  and  the  skin, 
with  the  muscular  flesh,  lost  its  sensibility.  It 
was  incurable.  To  the  Elephantiasis  or  Lepra  of 
the  Arabs,  see  Elephantiasis ;  and  3.  To  the  Lepra 
of  the  Greeks,  which  includes  all  the  varieties  met 
with  at  the  present  day.  It  is  characteriied  by 
scaly  patches  of  different  sizes,  but  having  always 
nearly  a  circular  form.  B atom  an  and  Willaa 
describe  three  chief  varieties  of  this  lepra. 

1.  Lepra  alphoVdes,  Lepido'sis  Lepri'asis  «r- 
bida,  Alphos,  Morphea  alba,  YitiU'go  alphas, 
Al'barus  alba,  Albarais,  Albaros,  Leprt  ieaiUe+m 
of  Alibert,  White  leprosy.  An  affection,  charac- 
terized by  white  patches,  surrounded  by  a  rose- 
coloured  areola,  which  appears  here  and  then  em 
the  surface;  depressed  in  the  middle. 


LiPMB 


507 


LHUCOIUM 


2.  Lepra  nigricans,  Lepra  melas,  Vitili'go  me- 
las,  V.  Nigra,  Morphm'a  nigra,  Lepra  maculosa 
nigra,  AVbaras  nigra,  Melas,  Lepiao'ris  lepri'aris 
ni'aricane,  Black  leprosy;  in  which  the  scales  are 
livid ;  the  site  of  half  a  dollar ;  and  diffused  over 
the  body,  but  less  widely  than  in  the  Alpholdes. 
The  French  pathologists  usually  admit  three  spe- 
cies of  lepra,  to  which  they  give  the  epithets  scaly, 
{squameuse,)  cruetaceous,  (cruetaeSe,)  and  tuber- 
cular, (tuberculeute,)  according  as  the  skin  may 
be  covered  with  scales,  orusts,  or  tubercles. 

3.  Lepra  vulga'rie,  Lepido'ris  lepri'ari*  vulga- 
ris, Dartre  fnrfuraete  arrondie,  of  Alibert,  cha- 
racterised as  follows:  scales  glabrous,  whitish, 
size  of  a  crown  piece;  preceded  by  smaller  red- 
dish and  glossy  elevations  of  the  skin,  encircled 
by  a  dry,  red,  and  slightly  elevated  border ;  often 
confluent ;  sometimes  covering  the  whole  of  the 
body  except  the  faoe. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in 
Java,  and  certain  parts  of  Norway  and  Sweden. 
Imperfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears  to  con- 
tribute to  its  development  The  means,  best 
adapted  for  its  removal,  are : — a  mild,  unirritating 
diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphureous  bathe, 
fumigations,  Ac. ;  but,  often,  all  remedial  agents 
will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lepra  Arabum,  Elephantiasis  Arabica— I.  Bo- 
realis,  Radzyge  —  L  Fungifera,  Framboeeia — 1. 
Grecoram,  Lepra — L  Hebrssorum,  see  Lepra — 
L  Ichthyosis,  Ichthyosis  —  1.  Lombardica,  Pella- 
gral— 1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  Nigricans — L  Medio- 
lanensis,  Pellagra — L  Mercurial,  Eczema  mer- 
curiale  —  1.  Mosaics,  see  Lepra — L  Norvegica, 
Radzyge — 1.  Squamosa,  Impetigo — L  Taurica, 
Mai  de  CrimSe. 

L$PRE,  Lepra— L  dee  Coseaquee,  Mai  de 
CrimSe  —  /.  EcaiUeuse,  Lepra  alphoides — L  tfu- 
mide,  Impetigo. 

LEPRICUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSARIUM,  Ladrerie. 

LJSPROSERIE,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSIS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSITAS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra— 1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
—  1.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge — L  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LEP'ROUS,  Lepro'nu,  Leprotic**,  Lep'ricus, 
Lepro'de:  Relating  to  or  resembling  or  affected 
with  leprosy  ;  a  leper, 

LEPSIS,  Attack. 

LEPTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Verom'ca 
Virgin' ica,  Caber's  physic.  An  indigenous  plant, 
which  grows  throughout  the  United  States,  and 
flowers  in  August.  The  flowers  are  white,  and 
terminate  the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  variety 
with  purple  flowers  has  been  described,  as 

Leptandra  Purpu'rea,  Phyeic  root,  Black 
root,  Whorlywort,  Culvert  root,  Brintonroot,  Bow- 
man root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and 
when  fresh  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
gr.  xx  to  3J.  «• 

LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  Xwrof,  'thin,'  'light' 
Hence : 

LEPTOCHRO'A,  Lep'tochroe,  from  X«rm, 
'thin,  fine/  and  x?0a*  X9°ta>  '^6  c°l(mr  of  the 
skin :  the  skin.'    Fineness,  thinness  of  skin. 

LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  X«rrof,  'thin/  and 
ye/ioc,  '  a  juice.'    Morbid  thinness  of  the  juices. 

LEPTOHYME'NIA,  from  Xtnrot,  'thin/  and 
4vpvv,  *  a  membrane/  Thinness,  delicacy  of  mem- 
brane. 

LEPTOMER'IA,  from  \t*ns,  'thin,  fine/  and 
ptpot, '  a  part'  Fineness,  delicacy  of  bodily  for- 
mation. 

LEPTONTIQ  UES,  Attenuants. 


LEPTOPHONIA,  Oxyphonia. 

LEPTOS  PERMUM  LEUC  ADEN  DRUM, 
Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LBPTOTHRIX,  Leptotriohus. 

LBPTOT'RICHUS,  Leptothrix,  from  Xcrrtc, 
'fine/  and  &><(,  'hair/    One  who  has  fine  hair. 

LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Microtroph'iu,  Microtra- 
pexfia,  from  Xcwrot,  '  light,'  and  rpo^ij,  '  nourish- 
ment'   Light  nutrition. 

LEPTYNSI8,  Emaciation. 

LEPTYNTICA,  Attenuants. 

LEPTYSMOS,  Emaciation. 

LEREMA,  seo  Dementia. 

LERESIS,  see  Dementia. 

LERUS,  Delirium,  see  Dementia. 

LE'SION,  L<t'nio,  from  Ubsus,  'hurt,'  'injured/ 
Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid  change,  either 
in  the  exercise  of  functions  or  in  the  texture  of 
organs.  Organic  lesion  is  synonymous  with  or- 
ganic disease. 

LESSIVE,  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  DES  SA  VONNIERS,  Liquor  po- 
tassse.  Also,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE  DE  TARTRE,  Liquor  potass© 
subcarbonatis. 

LETALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHALIS,  Lethiferous,  Mortal 

LETHALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHAR'GIC,  Lethar'gicue,  Vetemo'mu,  (F.) 
Lithargique.  Relating  to  lethargy;  affected  with 
lethargy. 

LETHARQIQUE,  Lethargic 

LETH'ARGY,  Letter* gia,  Lethar'gw,  Came 
lethargus,  Veter'nus,  Obliv'io  inert,  from  X9&1, 
'  oblivion/  and  aevta,  '  idleness/  A  constan  t  state 
of  stupor  from  which  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
arouse  the  individual;  and,  if  aroused,  he  speedily 
relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LE'THEON,  from  Xi?0i?,  'oblivion/  A  name 
given  by  some  to  sulphurio  ether,  when  inhaled 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent 

LETHIFEROUS,  Le'thi/er,  Letha'lis,  Lethif- 
ievs,  Mor'tifer,  Mortif'erotis,  from  lifln,  'death/ 
and  <pun*,  'I  bear/    Death-bearing;  deadly. 

LETHUM,  Death. 

LETTUCE,  Lactuca— 1.  Blue,  Mulgedium  acu- 
minatum —  1.  False,  Mulgedium  Floridanum  —  L 
Indian,  see  Oalumba — 1.  Strong-scented,  Lactuca 
virosa— 1.  White,  Nabalus  albns— L  Wild,  Lac- 
tuca elongate* 

LETUM,  Death. 

LEUGADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LEUCiE'MIA,  Leukemia,  from  Xnucof,  'white, 
and  'aipa,  'blood/  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  Is  deficient  in  colouring  matter. 

LEUCJ8THIOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUOSTHIOPS,  Albino. 

LEUCANIA,  Laucania. 

LEUCANTHEMUM,  Anthemis  nobilis,  Matri- 
caria chamomilla — 1.  Vulgare,  Chrysanthemum 
leucstathemum. 

LEUCE,  Lepra  [of  the  Jews.) 

LEUCELECTRUM,  Suooinum  (album.) 

LEUCITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LEUCOCYTH^'MIA,  from  Xnns,  'white/ 
Kvros,  '  cell/  and  'at/ta,  '  blood.'  A  condition  of 
the  blood,  which  consists  in  a  superabundant 
development  of  the  white  corpuscles,  a  disease 
which  has  been  observed  at  times  to  be  accom- 
panied by  enlargement  of  the  spleen  and  liver, 
and  at  others  by  increased  size  of  the  lymphatic 
glands. 

LEUCODENDRON,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LEUCCENUS,  see  Wine. 

LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria"  rediviva— L 
Cheiranthus  cheirL 


LEUCOLEIN 


503 


LEVATOR 


LEUCOLEIN,  Leukoleinum. 

LEUCO'MA,  from  Xsvkqs,  'white.'  Oculo'rum 
aibu'go,  Leucom'ma,  Leuco'sis,  Aibu'go,  Al'bula, 
Ceratoleuco'ma,  Ephel'otes.  Leucoma  and  Al- 
bugo are  often  used  synonymously  to  denote  a 
*hite  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Both  are  essentially 
different  from  nebula  of  the  cornea;  nebula  being 
usually  the  result  of  chronic  ophthalmy  and  an 
effusion  of  a  milky  serum  into  the  texture  of  the 
delicate  continuation  of  the  conjunctiva  over  the 
cornea;  —  the  others  are  the  result  of  violent, 
acute  ophthalmia.  In  this  state,  a  thick,  eoagu- 
lable  lymph  is  eztrarasated  from  the  arteries, 
sometimes  superficially,  at  other  times  deeply 
into  the  substance  of  the  cornea.  On  other  occa- 
sions, the  disease  consists  of  a  firm,  callous  cica- 
trix on  this  membrane, — the  effect  of  a  wound  or 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  affection  is 
more  difficult  of  cure  in  proportion  to  its  duration 
and  to  the  age  of  the  individual ;  the  activity  of 
the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth.  If  inflam- 
mation still  exist,  antiphlogistios  must  be  perse- 
vered in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  stimulants  be 
used  to  excite  absorption;  along  with  the  in- 
ternal use  of  mercury  or  iodine. 

Leucoma,  Albumen  —  L  Margaritaceum,  see 
Margaritaceus. 

LKUCOMMA,  Leucoma. 

LEUCOMORIA,  Cuttubuthi 

LEUCONECRO'SIS,  from  A«w„  'white/  and 
focpwtf,  '  death.  A  form  of  dry  gangrene, — the 
opposite  in  appearance  to  anthraconecrosis. 

LEUCONYMPILfiA,  Nympheea  alba. 

LEUCOPATHIA,  see  Albino,  Chlorosis. 

LEUCOPHAGIUM,  Blanc-manger. 

LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia— 1. 
Dolens  puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

LEUCOPHLEGMA'TIA,  Leucophlegmasia, 
Hydrops  leucophlegma'tias,  Tumescen'tia  pitui- 
to'sa,  from  Xcvkos,  'white/  and  (pXtypa,  'phlegm.1 
A  dropsical  habit  Some  writers  use  the  word 
synonymously  with  anasarca  and  adema;  others 
with  emphysema. 

Leucophlegmatia  JEthiopuv,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 

LEUCOPIPER,  Piper  album. 

LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 

LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhoea. 

LEUCORRH(E'A,  Fluxus  vel  Fluor  mulie'bris, 
Proflu'vium  mulie'bri,  Cursus  matri'cie,  Fluxus 
matri'cis,  Elytri'tis,  Coleoei'tis,  Colpi'tie,  DestU- 
la'tio  u'teri,  Fluxio  alba,  F.  Vul'vce,  Ulcus  u'teri, 
Catar'rhus  genita'lium,  Hyeterorrha'a  muco'sa, 
Catame'nia  alba,  Menses  albi,  Men'strua  alba, 
Menorrhag"ia  alba,  Fluor  mulie'bris  non  Oal'li- 
eus,  Blennelyt'ria,  Oonorrhce'a  benig'na  notha  in- 
vetera'ta,  Purga'tio  mulie'bris  alba,  Alba  purga- 
tnen'ta,  Cachex'ia  uteri'na,  Rheuma  u'teri,  U'teri 
Oory'sa,  Medorrhos'a  femina'rum  insons,  Blen- 
norrhea sett  Blennorrhag"ia  genita'lium,  JEdoeo- 
blennorrhai'a  sen  MedobUnnorrhos' a  femina'rum; 
The  whites;  (F.)  Fleurs  ou  Flueurs  blanches, 
Pertes  blanches,  Ecoulement  blanc,  Catarrhe  utf- 
rin,  Perte  utirine  blanche,  from  Xcvco;,  'white,1 
and  pew,  '  I  flow/  A  more  or  less  abundant  dis- 
charge of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish  mucus ; 
resulting  from  acute  or  chronio  inflammation  or 
from  irritation  of  the  membrane  lining  the  genital 
organs  of  the  female.  Vag"inal  Leucorrhoea  has 
been  termed  Blennorrhea  seu  Fluor  albus  vagi'- 
«mb,  Liucorrha'a,  Medorrhot'a  vagina,  Vaginitis, 
Elytioblennorrha'a,  Colporrhm1  a.  — Uterine  Leu- 
corrhcea  has  received  the  names  Fluor  albus  uteri, 
Leueotrhoe'a  seu  Medorrhot'a  uteri,  Metroblennor- 
rhat'a,  /F.)  Leucorrhie  uUrine,  Catarrhe  utirin. 
It  is  often  attended  with  pain  and  a  sense  of 
•eaviness  in  the  loins,  abdomen  and  thighs;  dis- 


ordered digestive  functions,  Ac,  so  that,  at  time*, 
the  health  suffers  largely,  although  there  are  few 
females  who  are  not  occasionally  subject  to  mode- 
rate leucorrhoea.  Attention  to  the  general  health, 
change  of  air,  keeping  up  a  perspirable  state  of 
the  surface  by  flannel  worn  next  the  skin,  the 
horizontal  posture,  Ac,  do  more  than  pharma- 
ceutical agents ;  which  are  almost  entirely  con- 
fined to  astringent  injections.  These  may  be 
employed,  when  the  discharge  is  so  great  as  to 
require  them. 

Leucorrh<ea  Axalis,  see  Hsemorrhois  —  L 
Kabothi,  see  Parturition. 

LEUCORRHOIS,  see  Haemorrhois. 

LEUCO'SES;  from  Xcoco*  'white.'  In  the 
nosology  of  M.  Alibert,  all  the  diseases  of  the 
lymphatic  apparatus.  The  7th  family  in  his  AV> 
sologie*  In  that  of  Fuchs,  it  is  a  family  of  dis- 
eases, (G.)  Leukosen,  whioh  includes  the  va- 
rious forms  of  anaemia. 

Leucosis,  Leucoma,  Paleness. 

LEUK  or  LOCCHE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Saline,  chalybeate  waters,  about  six  leagues 
distant  from  Sion.  They  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium, with  a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia;  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonie 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 

LEUKAEMIA,  Leucaemia. 

LEUKOLEIN'UM,  Chinolein'um,  Leuhoi, 
Leu'coleine,  Leu'coUin,  Chi'nolein,  Chi'nolin. 
This  substance  is  the  product  of  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  coal;  mixed  with  picolin,  anil  in  and  other 
substances,  in  mineral  tar.  It  is  procured,  afro, 
by  heating  quinia,  cinchonia  and  strychnia,  with 
as  concentrated  a  ley  of  potassa  as  can  be  made. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  1.081;  and  it  is  slight! j 
soluble  in  water,  and  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  alcohol,  ether  and  essential  oils. 

LEVA  IN,  Ferment. 

LEVA'TOR  AN'GULI  ORIS,  Abdu'eens  Ja- 
bio'rum,  Eleva'tor  labiorum  commu'nis,  Cani'nne, 
(F.)  Sus  maxillo-labial,  Petit  sus-maxillo-labial 
(Ch.),  Muscle  canin.  A  small,  flat,  long,  quadri- 
lateral muscle,  which  arises  from  the  fossa  ca- 
rina, and  is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the 
lips,  where  it  is  confounded  with  the  triangularis. 
It  raises  the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  draws  it 
towards  the  ear. 

Levator  Am,  Levator  maanus  seu  intemm, 
Latus  ant,  Eleva'tor  ani,  Sedem  attol'Une,  (F.) 
Pubio-coccygien  annulaire,  Sous  pubio-coccygiem 
(Ch.),  Releveur  de  Vanus.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
quadrilateral,  and  broader  above  than  below.  Ii 
represents  a  kind  of  membranous  partition,  which 
closes  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the  upper 
concavity  of  which  is  opposed  to  that  of  the  dia- 
phragm. It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  obdurator  foramen,  jmd  to  the  spine 
of  the  ischium ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx, 
into  an  aponeurotic  line  common  to  it  and  its 
fellow,  and  into  the  lateral  parts  of  the  rectum. 
This  muscle  supports  the  rectum ;  raises  it,  and 
carries  it  upwards  during  the  evacuation  of  the 
excrement  It  can,  also,  compress  the  bladder 
and  vesiculsB  seminales,  and  thus  favour  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  urine  and  sperm. 

Levator  Ain  Parvus,  Transversa*  penman — 
L  Auris,  Attollens  aurem  —  L  Coccygis,  Coccy- 
geus. 

Levator  Glan'dulje  TyroI'dea.  A  muscle 
occasionally  found  connected  with  the  upper  bor- 
der or  isthmus  of  the  thyroid  gland;  and  attached 
superiorly  to  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

Levator  Meoti,  Levator  labii  inferioris— L 


LEVATOR 


509 


LIATRIS 


Oouli,  Rectoa  superior  oonli — L  Proprius  sca- 
pulae, L.  scapula. 

Levator  Labii  Irybrio'ris,  Levator  menti, 
Elevator  labii  inferio'ris,  Incisi'vus  infe'rior, 
Elevator  labii  inferiorit  pro'prius,  Mus' cuius  pe- 
nicillatus, (F.)  Houppe  du  menton,  Releveur  de 
la  livre  infirieur,  Releveur  du  menton.  A  portion 
of  the  mento-labial  of  Chaussier.  A  small  muscle 
situate  before  the  symphysis  menti.  It  is  thick, 
conical ;  and  attached  by  its  apex  to  a  fossette  at 
the  side  of  the  symphysis  in  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary bone.  Its  fibres  proceed  diverging  and  van- 
ishing in  the  manner  of  a  tuft,  (F.)  Houppe,  on 
the  skin  of  the  chin.  This  muscle  raises  the 
chin,  and  pushes  upwards  the  lower  lip. 

Levator  Labii  Superio'ris  Aueque  Nasi, 
Incisi'vus  later  a' lit  et  pyramida'lis,  (F.)  Grand 
sus-maxillo-labial  (Ch.,)  EUvateur  commun  de 
Vaile  du  nee  et  de  la  tevre  supirieure.  This  mus- 
cle is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the  ascend- 
ing process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone:  thence 
its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging  manner,  a  part 
being  inserted  into  the  ala  of  the  nose,  and  a  part 
losing  themselves  in  the  upper  lip.  This  muscle 
raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala  nasi,  which  it  draws 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labii  Supkrioris  Proprius,  JfuV- 
culue  incisi'vus,  Elevator  labii  euperiorie  pro- 
prim,  (F.)  Moyen  sus-maxillo-labial,  (Ch.,)  Or- 
bito-maxillo-labial.  This  thin,  flat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part  of 
the  face.  It  arises  from  the  os  make  and  the  os 
maxillare  superius,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper 
lip,  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  carrying  it 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Pala'ti,  Levator  Palati  Mollis,  Petro- 
salpin'go-staphyli'nus,  Salpin'go-staphyli'nus  in- 
ter'nus,  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Pter'ygo-staphyli- 
nus  externue,  Spheno-staphylinus,  Spheno-palati' - 
hi**,  Peristaphylinus  internus  superior,  P&tro-eta- 
phylin,  (Ch.)  This  muscle  is  long,  narrow,  and 
almost  round  above;  broader  and  flatter  infe- 
riorly.  It  arises  from  the  lower  surface  of  the 
par*  petrosa ;  from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tube ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  substance  of 
the  velum  palatL  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  velum 
palatL 

Levator  Pai/pebrjb  Superio'ris,  Palpebral 
euperiorie  primus,  Apertor  Oc'uli,  Ape'riens  Pal- 
pebra'rum  rectus,  Reclu'sor  palpebrarum,  (F.) 
Orbito  -  palpebral  (Ch.),  Orbito-sus-  palpebral, 
Ele+ateur  de  la  paupi&Ye  supirieure.  A  long, 
small,  thin  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  orbitar  cavity.  By  its  posterior  extremity  it 
is  inserted  into  the  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and, 
by  its  anterior  extremity,  which  is  expanded,  it 
terminates  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  tarsal  car- 
tilage of  the  eyelid.  This  muscle  raises  the 
upper  eyelid,  draws  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it 
into  the  orbit. 

Levator  Prob'tatje,  (F.)  Releveur  de  la  pros- 
tate. Santorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  embrace  the 
prostate. 

Levator  Scap'ui^b,  Eleva'tor  scapula,  Eleva- 
tor sou  Mus' cuius  Patien'Ha,  Angula'ria  vulgo 
Levator  pro'prius,  —  (F.)  Trachilo  -  seapulaire 
(Ch.),  Angulaire  de  Vomoplate,  Releveur  de  Vomo- 
plate.  This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is 
attached  to  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the 
scapula.  It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
back.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader  above  than 
below.  In  this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  internal  angle  of  the  scapula ;  and, 
in  the  furmer,  into  the  tops  of  the  transverse  pro- 


cesses of  the  first  four  cervical  vertebras.  It  de- 
presses the  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by  raising 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on  which  it 
impresses  a  kind  of  rotary  motion.  It  can,  also, 
draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

Levator  Ure'thr*,  (F.)  Releveur  de  VUri- 
thre.  Santorini  describes  under  this  name  a 
portion  of  the  trans  versus  perintei  muscle. 

LEVATORES  COSTARUM,  Supracostales. 

LEVEN,  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'  Vectis, 
Mochlus,  Porree'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  turning 
round  a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies, 
bearing  burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point  on 
which  the  lever  moves  is  called  the  Fulcrum,  Hy- 
pomoch'lion.  The  force  which  moves  the  lever 
is  called  the  power;  and  the  weight  to  be  moved, 
the  resistance.  There  are  three  kinds  of  levers. 
A  lever  of  the  first  kind  has  the  fulcrum  between 
the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever  of  the  second 
hind  has  the  resistance  between  the  fulcrum  and 
power;  whilst  a  lever  of  the  third  kind  has  the 
power  between  the  fulcrum  and  resistance.  In 
the  locomotive  system  of  the  human  body,  we 
have  examples  of  all  the  three  kinds.  The  bones 
represent  levers :  the  muscles  of  locomotion  are 
powers  ;  the  weight  of  parts  to  be  moved  consti- 
tutes the  resistance.  The  fulcra  are,  at  times, 
the  joints;  at  others,  the  ground,  Ac.  The  head 
moves  on  the  neck,  as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind ; 
the  first  cervical  vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum. 
We  rise  on  tiptoe  by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind, 
the  fulcrum  being  the  ground  under  the  toes; 
and  we  have  examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third 
kind  in  the  flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in 
the  elevation  of  the  arm,  Ac. 

Lever,  Bystero-moch'lium,  Moehlis'cus,  Vectis 
obstetric" ius,  Vectis,  (F.)  Levier,  is  an  instrument 
curved  at  the  extremity,  and  having  a  fenestra. 
It  is  used  to  assist  the  extraction  of  the  child's 
head,  when  instrumental  aid  is  necessary.  Le- 
vers are,  also,  used  by  the  dentist  for  extracting 
stumps,  Ac.  The  Levier  de  V^cluse,  Langue  de 
Carpe,  Trivelin  or  Punch,  is  employed  for  ex- 
tracting the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI'ATHAN  PENIS,  Pria'pus  Ceti,  JBa/a'. 
nas.  The  penis  of  the  whale.  This  singular  me- 
dicine was,  at  one  time,  given,  in  powder,  in 
cases  of  dysentery  and  leucorrhcea. 

LEVIER,  Lever— I.  de  vficluse,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TION,  Laniga'tio,  from  lavigare, 
(favis,  'smooth,')  'to  polish.'  Porphyriza'tion. 
An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are  reduced  to 
very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by  putting 
substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water;  the 
coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  being  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquor  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  suffered  to  remain  at  rest,  until  the 
fine  particles  are  collected  at  the  bottom.  The 
fluid  part  is  then  separated  by  decantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LiVRE,  Lip. 

LJ&VRES  GRAND ES,  Labia  pudendi— I.  Pe- 
tites,  Nymphse — I.  de  la  Vulve,  Labia  pudendi. 

LEVURE,  Yest— I.  de  la  Biere,  YesL 

LEXIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmio. 

LEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium,  Lye— 1.  Soap,  Liquor  potasses. 

LBYS'SERA  GNAPHALOI'DES.  A  South 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Composite,  which  is 
emollient,  and  highly  recommended  at  the  Cape, 
in  catarrh,  cough,  and  even  in  phthisis. 

LIZARD,  Lizard. 

LIA'TRIS  SPICA'TA,  Gayfeather,  Button 
snakeroot.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in 
meadows  and  moist  grounds  in  the  middle  an4 


LIBAN0TI3 


810 


LICHEN 


southern  states.  Its  beautiful  purple  compound 
flowers  are  in  a  spike.  They  appear  in  August. 
The  root  has  been  considered  diuretic. 

Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  Sqijarro'8  a,  Throat' 
wort,  Sow-wort,  Backache  root,  Devilebite,  Blam- 
ing star,  Prairie  pine*,  Bough  root,  are  called, 
from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from  the  rat- 
tlesnake, Rattlesnake' •mater.  The roota, bruised, 
are  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoction,  in 
milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBANOTIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  oretensis 
—  1.  Coronaria,  Rosmarinus — L  Cretensis,  Atha- 
manta ere  tern  sis — 1.  Hirsuta,  Athamanta  cretensis. 

LIBANOTUS,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBANUS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBER  PHARMACEUTICS,  Dispensato- 
rium. 

LIBIDINIS  SEDES,  Clitoris. 

LIBIDINOSUS,  Libidinous. 

LIBID'INOUS,  Libidino'sus;  Lasci'vus,  Ve- 
neris ague;  from  libido,  'lust'    Lewd;  lustful. 

LIBI'DO.  Desire,  neoessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  uri'na,  Libido  intesti'ni.  Some  employ 
It  synonymously  with  Prurigo/  others,  with  Sa- 
lac"itas,  Lubi'do,  Hi'meros. 

LIBOS,  from  X«0»,  'I  distil.'  A  defluxion 
from  the  eyes. — Galen. 

LIBRA,  Pound. 

LICHANOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 

LICHEN,  Xef^fjy  or  Xt^v,  (pronounced  When,) 
Exor'mia  Lichen,  Leiehen,  Serpi'go,  Volafica, 
Pap'uUz,  P.  sicca,  Peti'go,  Pustula  sicca,  Sca'- 
bies  sicca,  S.  a'gria,  Licheni'asis  adulto'rum,  Li'- 
chenous  rash,  (P.)  Gale  siehe,  Dartre  furfuracie 
volante,  Poussie.  The  outaneous  affection  de- 
scribed under  this  name  by  the  Greek  writers,  is 
not  clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  be 
Impetigo,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name  is,  now, 
generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red 
pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  sense  of 
tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and  Bateman 
define  it,  —  "an  extensive  eruption  of  papula 
affecting  adults,  connected  with  internal  disor- 
der, usually  terminating  in  scurf;  recurrent,  not 
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however, 
the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord  well  with 
this  definition ;  for  it  affects  children  as  well  as 
adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  internal  disorder. 

Lichen  A'grius,  Exor'mia  Lichen  ferns,  Pap'~ 
ula  a'gria,  is  distinguished  by  pimples  in  clusters 
or  patches,  surrounded  by  a  red  halo;  the  cuticle 
growing  gradually  harsh,  thickened,  and  chappy, 
often  preceded  by  general  irritation.  In  addition 
to  antiphlogistics,  a  cooling  ointment  may  be 
used,  to  allay  itching. 

Lichen  Barbatus  Plicatits,  L.  plicatus. 

Lichen  Circumbcrip'tub  is  characterized  by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papulae,  having  a  well  de- 
flnod  margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  form : 
continuing  for  six  or  eight  weeks.  These  varie- 
ties require  but  little  medical  treatment  The 
antiphlogistic  plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

Lichen  Liv'idus.  The  papulce  have  a  dark 
red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.  They  are 
more  permanent  in  this  variety.  It  requires  the 
mineral  acids  and  bark. 

Lichen  Pila'ris,  Exor'mia  Lichen  pilaris,  is 
merely  a  modification  of  the  preceding ;  the  pa- 
pules appearing  at  the  roots  of  the  hair. 

Lichen  Simplex,  Exor'mia  Lichen  simplex, 
consists  of  an  eruption  of  red  papules,  appearing 
first  on  the  face  or  arms,  and  afterwards  extend- 
ing over  the  body ;  preceded  for  a  few  days  by 
alight  febrile  irritation,  which  usually  oeases  when 
the  eruption  appears, — with  an  unpleasant  sense 
of  tingling  during  the  night  It  generally  dies 
away  in  ten  days  or  a  fortnight 

Lichen  Trop'icub,  Exormia  Lichen  tropicus. 


Bczesfma,  Es'sera  ('),  Sudam'ina  ('),  Prickly 
Heat,  Summer  Bash.  The  pimples  are  bright 
red,  and  of  the  siae  of  a  small  pin's  head ;  with 
heat,  itching,  and  pricking,  as  if  by  needles.  It 
is  local ;  produced  by  exoessive  heat ;  and  disap- 
pears when  the  weather  becomes  cooler,  or  the 
individual  is  inured  to  the  climate. 

Lichen  Urtica'tvs,  Exor'mia  Lichen  urtieo'- 
sus,  is  another  variety.  The  Nettle  Lichen  con- 
sists of  papulae,  accompanied  by  wheals  like  those 
of  nettle  rash. 

Lichen  Arbortjx,  Lichen  puimonarius  —  L 
Blanc  de  Nfige,  L.  caninus — I.  BoUier,  L.  pyxi- 
datus. 

Lichen  Caninus,  sen  spu'rius  sen  terres*- 
trie  seu  veno*sus  sen  ciner'eus  terres'tris,  Muscus 
cani'nus,  Phys'cia  niva'lie,  Peltig"era  cani'na, 
Peltid'ea  cani'na  sen  leucorrhi'za  seu  mala'cea 
sen  amplis'sima  seu  spu'ria,  Ash-coloured  Ground 
Liverwort,  (F.)  Lichen  contre-rage,  Lichen  blane 
de  nSige.  This  cryptogamous  plant  was,  for  a 
long  time,  considered  capable  of  preventing  and 
curing  Babies  canina.  It  has,  also,  been  used  in 
mania  and  in  spasmodic  asthma. 

Lichen  Cine  re  ub  Tbrrestrib,  L.  caninus — L 
Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocoiferus,  L.  pyxi* 
datus — I.  contre  Bage,  L.  caninus — L  Entonnoirt 
L.  pyxidatus — 1.  Eryngifolius,  L.  islandicns — L 
Floridus  hirtus,  L.  plicatus  —  L  Hirtus,  L.  pli- 
catus. 

Lichen  Islan'dicus,  X.  eryngifo'lius,  Liche- 
not'dee  Island' icum,  Loba'ria  Islan'dica,  Muscus 
Islandicus,  M.  cathar'ticus,  Clado'nia  Islan'dica, 
Phys'cia  Islandica,  Cetra'ria  Islandica,'  Parme*- 
lia  Islan'dica,  Iceland  Lichen  or  Liverwort  or 
Moss,  (F.)  Lichen  d'Islande.  This  plant  is  ino- 
dorous, with  a  bitter  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It 
is  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  demulcent,  and  nutrient 
Dose,  3J  to  iv£,  being  first  steeped  in  water  hold- 
ing in  solution  some  carbonate  of  potaasa  to  ex- 
tract the  bitter,  and  then  boiled  in  milk.  A  bit- 
ter principle  has  been  extracted  from  it  termed 
Cetrarin,  Cetrari'num,  Cetra'rium,  which  has 
been  given  in  intermittent*. 

Lichen  Laciniatt/s,  L.  saxatilis. 

Lichen  Plica'tus  sen  hirtus  seu  barba'tne  pli- 
ca'tus  seu  Floridus  hirtus,  Parme'Ua  plica' to,  tV- 
uea  plica'ta  seu  Florida  hirta  seu  hiria,  Muscus 
arbo'reus  seu  aVbus  seu  quemus,  Querci'ni  Hers*. 
This  plant  is  applied,  by  the  Laplanders,  as  an 
astringent,  to  bleeding  vessels;  and  to  parts 
which  are  excoriated  after  long  journeys. 

Lichen  Pulmona'riub,  Lichen  ar'borum  sen 
reticula'tus,  Parme'Ua  pttlmona'cea?  J^eticula'riu 
officinalis,  Muscus  puimonarius  querci'nus,  Pul~ 
mona'ria  arbo're,  Loba'ria  pulmonaria,  Stiff 
pulmona'cea,  Oak  Lungs,  Tree  Lungwort,  Hotel 
Grotlles,  (F.)  Lichen  pulmonaire.  This  plant  is 
sub-astringent,  and  rather  acid.  It  was  once  in 
high  repute  for  curing  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

Lichen  Pyxida'tus,  Muscus  Pyxida'tus,  Scy- 
phoph'orus  pyxida'tus,  Mutt' cuius  pyroi'des  ter- 
res'tris, Lichen  pyxida'tus  major,  Lichen  coccif- 
erust  Herba  Ignis,  Cup  Moss,  (F.)  Lichen  entom- 
noir,  Lichen  BoUier,  L.  Pyxide.  This  plant  is 
sub-astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction  u. 
hooping-cough. 

Lichen  Reticulatus,  L.  puimonarius. 

Lichen  Roccel'la,  Parme'Ua  roccel'la,  Rot* 
cella,  B.  tineto'ria,  Seta'ria  roccella,  Litmus* 
Lacmus  tineto'rius,  Orchill,  Cana'ry  ArcheU, 
Chinney  Weed,  Herb  Archell,  (F.)  OrseiUe. 
The  chief  use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.  It 
has  been  employed  to  allay  cough  in  phthisis,  Ac* 

Lichen  Saxat'ilis,  L.  tineto'rius  seu  lacixi*'* 
tus,  Parme'Ua  saxat'ilis,  Imbrica'ria  saxat'ui*, 
Loba'ria  saxat'ilis,  Muscus  Ora'nii  huma'mi,  I V- 
nea.  This  moss,  when  found  growing  on  a  human 


UCaBHIASIS 


511 


LIGAMENT 


•tail,  was  formerly  In  high  estimation  against 
head  affections,  Ac. 

Lichen  Spurius,  L.  oaninus —  1.  Stellatus, 
Marchantia  polymorpha— L  Tinctorios,  L.  Saxa- 
tilin. 

LICHKNIASIS  ADULTORUM,  Lichen— L 
Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Liohen  1m- 
landicus. 

LICORICE,  GlyeyrrhittL 

LIEBENSTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  waters,  situated  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe-Mei- 
ningen,  are  amongst  the  strongest  acidulous  cha- 
lybeates  in  Germany.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
magnesium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

LIEBERKUHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLI- 
CLES, so  called  from  their  first  describer,  are 
fine,  capillary,  blind  sacs,  the  openings  of  which 
are  from  l-20th  to  l-30th  of  a  line  in  diameter,  so 
closely  placed  over  the  whole  of  the  small  intes- 
tine as  to  give  the  mucous  membrane  a  general 
sieve- like  or  perforated  appearance.  They  se- 
crete the  tuccu*  entericue. 

LIEBERSCHE  AUSZEHRUNCPS  KRAU- 
TER,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora — L  B rust- 
kraut  er,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Liebwerda  is  a  Bohemian  village,  near  the  Sile- 
alan  frontier.  The  springs  are  much  frequented. 
There  are  four,  all  of  which  are  rioh  in  carbonic 
acid  and  contain  but  little  saline  matter. 
*  LifiQE,  Suber. 

LIEN  (F.),  Vinculum.  A  band,  etrap  or  gar- 
ter, used  in  certain  operations  ;  as  to  tie  patients 
daring  the  operation  of  lithotomy ;  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  Ac.    Also,  the  spleen. 

LIEN  ACCESSORIES,  Lienculus— 1.  Ingcna, 
Splcnoncus — 1.  Suocenturiatus,  Lienculus. 

LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  Kew,  'spleen.' 
Lien  succenturia'tue  sea  accesso'rius.  A  super- 
numerary spleen. 

LIENOSUS,  Splenic. 

LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'ia,  from  Aciey,  'smooth,' 
and  tvTtoov,  'intestine.'  La' vitas  sen  Lax'itas 
intestino'rvm,  Diarrh&'a  lienter'ia,  Fluxus  Lien- 
ter'icue,  Chymorrhcc'a  sea  Lax'itas  ingesto'rum, 
Bromatotc' crisis,  Diarrh<*'a  Dyspep'tica,  D.  cum 
apepsid,  I).  Ingesto'rum,  Slip'perincss  of  the  Out*. 
Frequent  liquid  evacuations,  the  food  only  half 
digested.  This  condition  is  always  symptomatic 
if  great  irritation  in  the  intestinal  canal,  the 
lensibility  of  which  is  so  much  augmented  that 
it  cannot  bear  the  sojourn  of  the  food  in  it. 

LIERRE,  Hedera  helix—  I.  Terrestre,  Glechoma 
hederacea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  lijr,  lyr,  Vita,  Riot,  Bi'oti,  Zoe, 
Pneuma,  Spir'itue,  (F.)  Vie,  The  state  of  organ- 
ized beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the  union  of 
an  unknown  principle  with  matter,  they  are  ca- 
pable of  performing  functions  different  from  those 
that  regulate  other  natural  bodies ;  all  of  which 
functions,  however  numerous  and  diversified, 
work  to  one  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited  dura- 
tion,' beyond  which,  —  the  organic  functions 
ceasing  to  be  executed, — the  body  is  given  up  to 
the  agency  of  chemical  affinity.  Hence  Bichat 
has  defined  life  to  be — the  aggregate  of  the  func- 
tion* which  resist  death.  On  account  of  the  dif- 
ference that  exists  among  the  vital  functions,  he 
has  applied  the  term  Organic  Life  to  the  functions 
'^servient  to  composition  and  decomposition; — 
as  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  calorifica- 
tion, absorption,  secretion,  and  nutrition;  and 
Animal  Life,  to  the  functions  which  connect  man 


and  animals  with  external  bodies ;  as  the  under- 
standing, sensations,  locomotion  and  voioe. 

Life,  duration  of,  see  Longevity — L  Ever- 
lasting, Gnaphalinm  margaritaceum  —  1.  Ever- 
lasting, sweet-scented,  Gnaphalium  polycepha- 
lam — 1.  Expectation  of,  see  Longevity. 

Lifb-Insu' raiics.  A  contract  entered  into, 
usually  by  an  insurance  company,  to  pay  a  cer- 
tain sum  of  money  on  a  person's  death,  on  the 
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium 
daring  his  life.  The  medical  practitioner  may 
be  applied  to  to  certify  that  the  life  of  the  insurer 
is  one  that  is  insurable  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  company. 

Life,  Value  of,  see  Longevity,  and  Mortality. 

Life's  Blood,  Cillo. 

LIG'AMENT,  Ligamen'tvm;  from  ligare,  'to 
bind ;'  Deemot,  Syndes'mos,  Colli ga' men,  Cop'ula. 
A  name  given  to  fibrous  structures,  which  serve 
to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articulations ;  hence 
the  division  into  interosseous  and  articular  liga- 
ments. They  are  of  a  white,  close  texture }  are 
but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to  break.  Tho 
name  ligament  has,  also,  been  given  to  any  mem- 
branous fold,  which  retains  an  organ  in  its  situa- 
tion. 


Table  of  the  Principal  Ligaments, 


1.  Qf  the  Lower  Jew. 


S.  Connecting  tks 
Htad  with  tks  first 
and  sscond  Verts- 
brm,  and  these  with 
tack  other. 


3.  Of  the  ether  Verio. 


the 


4.  Of  the  Ribs,  Stsr- 
num,  4>c. 


5.  Of  tho  PoMs. 


Capsular  ligament. 

Suspensory    ligament    of 
styloglossus. 

Lateral  ligament. 

Two  capsular  ligament*  be- 
tween  alias  and  bead. 

Circular  ligament. 

Two  capsular  between  atlas 
and  axis. 

Perpendicular  ligament. 

Two  lateral  or  moderator  liga- 
ments. 

Transverse  ligament  and  It* 
appendices. 

Anterior  common. 

Crucial  interverteb  al. 

Ligaments  running  from  the 
edge  of  the  bony  arch  and 
spinous  process  of  one  ver- 
tebra to  that  of  the  next. 

Interspinous  ligament. 

Ligameutum  nucha).  ' 

Intertransverse. 

Capsular. 
.  Posterior  or  internal  common. 

Capsular  of  the  heads  of  ribs. 

Capsular  of  the  tubercles. 

Ligaments  transversaria  in. 
tenia. 

Ligaments  transversaria  ex- 
terna. 

Ligaments  cervicis  costarum 
externa. 

Ligamentous  fibres  running 
from  the  margins  of  the  ex- 
tremilies  of  the  ribs  to  the 
corresponding  cartilnges. 

Radiated  ligaments  from  carti- 
lage of  ribs  to  the  sternum. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  cam 
lages  of  the  ribs. 

Proper  membrane  of  sternum. 

L.  of  cartilago-enriformis. 

Tendinous  expansions  over  the 
intercostales,  &c. 

Two  transverse,— one  superior, 
one  inferior. 

Ilio-sacral. 

Capsular  of  the  sacroiliac  syn 
chondrosis. 

Two  sacro  ischiatic,  —  poste 
rior  and  anterior,  with  the 
superior  and  inferior  appen- 
dices. 

Longitudinal  of  oacoccyfss 

Inguinal  ligament 

Capsular  of  symphysis  pubis. 

Ligament  of  foramen  tbyrea- 
deum. 


LIGAMENT 


512 


LIGAMENTOUS 


6.  Qf  ths  Gavicle, 


7.  Qf  the  Scapula, 

8.  Of   Us    Shoulder-  i 


Radiated  ligament 
Capaular. 
Interclavicular. 
Ligamentum  rbomboideum. 
Claviculo-acromial. 
Conoid. 
,  Trapezoid. 
Anterior  triangular. 
Proper  posterior. 


the 
Joint. 


i  Capsular. 

Capaular. 
Brachio- ulnar. 
Brachio-radial. 

i  or*«-j^jSS^^-Si ...... 

■ory. 
Intermuacular  of  the  os   hu- 
meri. 

10.  Carpal  Extremity  [  Interosseous  ligament. 

of  Radius  and  Ulna  A  Oblique  or  chorda  transveraalis 
and   between   thoee]     cubiti. 
.Capsular. 

11.  Between  Fore-armS^^^**^ 
and  Wrist  J  Mucous. 

'Annular. 
Capsular. 
•  Short       ligaments,  —  oblique, 
transverse,     capsular,     and 
proper. 

Articular  lateral. 
Straight,  perpendicular,  &c 


12.  Of  tka  CarpuM. 


13.  Between  Carpal 
and  Metacarpal 
bones. 

14.  Between  the  extret  Interosseous,  at  the  bases  and 
mities  of  the  Mela-  <  heads,  —  dorsal,  lateral,  pal- 
carpal  bones.  (     mar. 

15.  At  the  base  of  the} 

roaster- 

the  first  joint  of  the  I  LMlenu 
fingers.  J 

16.  Qf  the  first  and) 

second  joints  of  the    amfmuttkr 
Thumb,  and  second  l?2EJJr' 
and  third  joints  ft****™- 
the  Fingers.  j 

Annular. 

Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 

Vaginal  or  crucial  of  the  pha- 
langes. 


17.    Retaining 
Tendons      of 


nd 
*tu. 


Fingers     in 


Muscles  of  ths  Hand  <  Accessory  of  the   flexor  ten- 


dons. 
Posterior  annular. 
Vaginal  of  extensors. 
Transverse  of  extensors. 

f  Capsular  and  accessory  slips. 
18.  Connecting  the  Os  1  Round  or  teres  ligament. 
Femoris  with  theOs<  Cartilaginous  ligament. 
sunominatum-  Double  cartilaginous  ligament. 

.  Ligamenta  mucosa. 
I  Lateral,  — internal  and  exter- 
nal. 
External    short    lateral    liga- 
ment. 
Posterior  ligament. 
Ligament  of  the  patella. 
Capsular. 
Ligamentum  alare,— majus  et 

minus. 
Ligamentum  mucosum. 
Two  crucial,  — anterior  and 

posterior. 
Transverse. 

(  Capsular. 
CO.  Connecting      Ft- )  Interosseous. 
hula  and  Tibia.     )  Anterior  superior, 
f  Posterior  superior. 

!  Anterior  ligament  of  toe  fibula. 
Posterior  of  fibula. 
Deltoidea  of  tibia. 


IS.  Qf  the  Knee  Joint. 


2).  Connecting 
lureal  with 
Leg  Bones 


the  I 


1%Qftk*  Tartu*. 


I  Capsular. 
C  Capsular. 
Short  ligaments. 
Capsular,  broad  superior,  and 
lateral  ligaments,  connecting 
astragalus  and  navicular*. 
Superior,  lateral,  and  inferior, 
fixing   os  calcis   to  os  cu- 
(    boioes. 


32.  Of  the  Tarsus.     , 


S3.    Between  Tarsus [\ 
and  Metatarsus.      {\ 


meeting     the  I 
arsat  Bones.   '\ 


34.    Com 
Metatarsal 

25.  Of  the  Phalanges 
of  the  Toes. 


36.    Retaining      the 
Tendons      of     the. 
Muscles  of  the  Foot' 
and  Toes  in  situ. 


Long,  oblique,  and  rhomboid 
forming  the  inferior  liga- 
ments. 

Superior  superficial,  interosse- 
ous and  inferior  transversa 
ligaments,  fixing  the  os  navi- 
cular and  os  cuboides. 

Superior  lateral,  and  plantar, 
which  fix  the  os  navicular* 
and  cuneiform. 

Superior  superficial  and  plan- 
tar, connecting  the  os  cu- 
boides. and  os  cuneiforms 
externum. 

Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting  the 
ossa  cuneiformia. 

The  proper  capsular  of  each 
bone. 

Capsular. 

Dorsal, plantar,  lateral,  straight, 
oblique,  and  transverse. 

Dorsal,  plantar,  and  lateral, 
connecting  the  metatarsal 
bones. 

Transverse  ligaments 

Capsular. 

Lateral. 

Annular. 

Vaginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 
peronei. 

Laciniated. 

Vaginal  of  the  tendon  of  the 
flexor  longus  pollicis. 

Vaginal  and  crucial  of  the  ten- 
dona  of  the  flexors  of  the 
toes. 

Accessory  of  the  flexor  tendons 
of  the  toes. 

Transverse  of  the  extensor  ten- 
dons. 

Ligament,  Anterior,  of  ths  Bladder,  A 
name  given  by  the  older  anatomists  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis,  which 
becomes  attached  to  the  front  of  the  neck  of  the 
bladder. 

LIGAMENT  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  ligament 
— 1.  Camper's,  Perineal  fascia — L  Cervical  supra- 
spinal, see  Supraspinosa  ligamenta — L  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  ligament 

Ligament,  Cor'onary,  or  the  Liter,  is  a  re- 
flection formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  liver,  and  the  lower  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm.     See  Falx. 

Ligament,  Costo-xiphoid,  Xiphoid  ligament 
— 1.  Dorso-lumbo-supraspinal,  see  Supra-gpinoea 
ligamenta. — 1.  of  Fallopius,  Crural  arch — 1.  Oim- 
bernat's,  see  Gimbernatfs  ligament — L  Gloss- 
epiglottic,  see  GloBsepiglottic — 1.  Infra-pubian, 
Triangular  ligamentr— I.  InterSpineuxr  Interspinal 
ligament — 1.  of  the  Ovary,  see  Ovarium — 1.  Pal- 
mar inferior,  Metacarpal  ligament — L  Poupart's, 
Crural  arch — I.  Bond,  Ligamentum  teres — I.  Smr- 
Spineux  cervical,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta — 
I.  Sur-fpineux-dorto-lombaire,  see  Supraspinosa 
ligamenta. 

Ligament,  Suspen'sort,  or  the  Liter,  Liga- 
men'tum  latum,  Suspenso'rium  He'patis,  is  a  large 
triangular  reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum 
between  the  superior  surface  of  the  liver  and  the 
diaphragm.  It  is  constituted  of  two  layers,  and 
is  continuous,  below,  with  another  reflection, 
called  the  Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,    See  Falx. 

Ligament,  Triangular,  Perineal  fascia. 

LIGAMENTA  INTERLOBULARIA  PUL- 
MONUM,  Interlobular  tissue  —  1.  Interverte- 
bralia,  Intervertebral  cartilages — L  Lata  uteri, 
see  Uterus — 1.  Rotunda  uteri,  Round  ligaments 
of  the  uterus — 1.  Tarsea  lata,  see  Tarsea  lata  (li- 
gamenta). 

LIGAMENTS  TJX,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMENT0SU8,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMENTOUS,  Ligamento'sus,  Deomom, 
Desmo'sus,  (F.)  Ligamenteux,  JDesmeux.  Having 
the  character,  or  relating  to,  a  ligament. 


LIGAMENTS 


513 


LILIUM 


LIGAMENTS,  BROAD,  OF  THE  UTERUS, 
see  Uterus — I.  Qroi*4a,  Crucial  ligaments,  L  Cntci- 
formee,  Crucial  ligaments — I.  Jaunea,  Yellow 
ligaments  —  L  Large*  de  Vutirue,  see  Uterus — 1. 
of  the  Larynx,  inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments—/. Bond*  de  Vuttrus,  Round  ligaments  of 
the  uterus. 

LIGAMENTUM  DENTATUM,  Denticulatum 
ligamentu ra — l.Iridis, Ciliary  ligament — 1.  Nuohae, 
Cervical  ligament  —  1.  Posticum  Winslowii,  see 
Genu— 1.  Suspensorium  hepatis,  Suspensory  liga- 
ment of  the  liver — I.  Suspensorium  testis,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature— L  Linguae,  Apho- 
lia. 

LIGATION,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATURA,  Ligature,  Fascia— L  Glandis, 
Phimosis. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligatu'ra,  Liga'tio,  Alligatu'ra, 
Deliga'tio,  Vinctu'ra,  Faecia,  Epid'eeie,  from  ligo, 
<I  bind.'  This  word  has  various  acceptations. 
It  means,  1.  The  thread  with  which'an  artery  or 
vein  is  tied,  to  prevent  or  arrest  hemorrhage. 
2.  The  cord,  or  thread,  or  wire,  used  for  remov- 
ing tumours,  Ac.  3.  The  bandage  used  for  phle- 
botomy. Ligature  is,  also,  sometimes  applied  to 
the  act  of  tying  an  artery  or  considerable  vessel 
— Liga'tion.  When  the  artery  alone  is  tied,  the 
ligature  is  said  to  be  immediate;  when  any  of 
the  surrounding  parts  are  included,  it  is  said  to 
be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions  obliteration 
or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes,  by  cutting 
through  the  middle  and  internal  coats;  the  adhe- 
sion being  favoured  by  the  formation  of  a  coagu- 
lum,  which  acts,  in  some  degree,  as  a  barrier 
against  the  impulse  of  the  blood,  and  subse- 
quently disappears  by  absorption. 

LIGHT,  Sax.  leohC,  lihC,  (G.)  Licht  — Lux, 
Lumen,  Phoe,  (F.)  Lumilre.  An  extremely  rare 
fluid ;  diffused  over  the  universe ;  emanating  from 
the  sun  and  fixed  stars;  traversing  more  than 
four  millions  of  leagues  in  a  minute;  passing 
through  transparent  bodies,  which  refract  it  ac- 
cording to  their  density  and  combustibility ;  and 
arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which  it  is  reflected 
at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of  incidence.  It 
is  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bodies,  being  entirely 
reflected  by  white  surfaces  and  absorbed  by  black. 
It  is  decomposed  in  passing  through  a  transpa- 
rent prism  into  seven  rays — red,  orange,  yellow, 
green,  blue,  purple,  and  violet. 

Light  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and  salu- 
tary stimulus.  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst  pri- 
vation of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and  dis- 
poses to  obesity.  Hence  it  is,  that,  in  rural  eco- 
nomy, animals  which  are  undergoing  the  process 
of  fattening  are  kept  in  obscurity.  When  vege- 
tables are  deprived  of  light,  their  nutrition  is  in- 
terfered with,  and  they  become  etiolated.  To  a 
certain  extent  this  applies  to  animals,  and  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  want  of  light  pre- 
vents the  due  development  of  organized  bodies. 
It  has  been  found  that,  when  tadpoles  were  de- 
prived of  light,  they  did  not  undergo  the  perfect 
metamorphosis  into  the  frog,  but  that  monstrosi- 
ties from  arrest  of  development  were  induced'. 

LIGHTNING,  Astrape. 

LIGHTS,  RISING  OF  THE,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

LIGNE,  Line  —  I,  Apre,  Linea  aspera  —  /. 
Blanche,  Linea  alba — I  Courbe,  Curved  line — I. 
JfSdiane  de  V abdomen,  Linea  alba  —  L  Soua-tro- 
ehanttrienne,  Linea  aspera. 

LIGNIN,  from  Lignum,  'wood.'  Ligneous  or 
woody  fibre;  the  fibrous  structure  of  vegetable 
srabstances. 

LIGNUM  ALOES,  Agallochum— 1.  Aspalathi, 
Agallochum — L  Benedictum,  Guaiacum — LBrasi- 
33 


liannm  rubrum,  Hssmatoxylon  eampechianum—- 
1.  CflBruleum,  Hssmatoxylon  eampechianum — L 
Campeohense,  Hssmatoxylon  eampechianum — L 
Campechianum,  Hssmatoxylon  eampechianum — 
1.  Campescanum,  Hssmatoxylon  campechianum — 
1.  Colubrinum,  Bee  Strychnos  —  1.  Febrifagum, 
Quassia — 1.  Hsematoxyli,  Hssmatoxylon  campe- 
ohianum — 1.  Indicum,  Guaiacum,  Hssmatoxylon 
campechianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1.  Nephri- 
Ucum,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1.  Pava- 
nss,  Croton  tiglium — I.  Quassias,  see  Quassia — L 
Sanctum,  Guaiacum  —  L  Sandalinum,  see  Ptero- 
carpus  santalinu8 — 1.  Sappan,  Hssmatoxylon  cam- 
peohianum — 1.  Serpentum,  Ophioxylum  serpen  ti- 
num — 1.  Vitas,  Guaiacum. 

LIGNTODES,  Fuliginous. 

LIGNYS,  Fuligo. 

LIG'ULA,  Lin'gula,  The  clavicle;  also,  the 
glottis  and  epiglottis.  A  measure  containing 
3  drachms  and  a  scruple,  or  about  half  an  ounce. 
Also,  a  species  of  bandage  or  ligature. — Scribo- 
nius. 

LIGUSTICUM  CAPILLACEUM,  JBthusa 
meum  —  1.  Carvi,  Carum  —  1.  Foeniculum,  Ane- 
thum. 

Ligus'ticum  Levis'ticum,  from  AiyvartKos,  ap- 
pertaining to  Liguria.  Levie'ticum,  Laaerpitium 
German' icum,  Ligueticum,  Angel' ica  levia'ticum 
seu  paludapifo'lia,  Lavage,  (F.)  Liviche,  Ache 
dee  montagnea.  The  properties  of  this  plant  are 
said  to  be  stimulant,  carminative,  emmenagogue, 
Ac. 

Ligusticum  Meum,  JSthusameum — 1.  Phellan- 
drium,  Phellandrium  oquaticum. 

Ligusticum  Podagra'ria,  Podagra' riaagopo'- 
dium,  JEgopo'dium  podagraria,  Sison  podagra'- 
ria, Pimpinel'la  angelica/o'lia,  Sium  vulga'ri, 
Tragoaeli'num  angel' ica,  See'eli  agopo'dium,  An- 
gelica aylveatria,  Gottt-weed.  A  British  plant, 
once  considered  useful  in  cases  of  gout 

Ligusticum  Silaur,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

LIGUSTRUM  J3GYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis. 

Ligus'trum  Vulga'rB,  Privet,  Privy,  (F.) 
TroHne.  A  shrub,  which  grows  wild  both  in  Eu- 
rope and  the  United  States,  usually  in  hedges. 
The  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter;  and  the 
flowers,  which  are  snow-white,  and  of  an  agree- 
able odour,  have  been  employed  in  decoction  in 
sore  throat,  and  ulcerous  stomatitis.  The  berries 
are  said  to  be  cathartic. 

LIGYSMA,  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris— L  Vul- 
garis, Syringa  vulgaris. 

LILI,  Lilium  Paracelsi. 

LILIA'GO.  Dim.  of  Lil'ium,  the  lily;  Spi- 
denport ;  Liliaa'trum.  This  plant  was  formerly 
said  to  be  alexipharmio  and  carminative. 

LILIASTRUM,  Liliago. 

LIL'IUM  CAN'DIDUM,  L,  album,  Orinon. 
The  white  lily.  (F.)  Lis  blanc.  The  infusion  of 
the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil  is  emollient, 
and  often  applied  externally,  under  the  name  of 
Lily  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  lit.  The  scales  of  the 
bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  employed  as  matu- 
ratives. 

Lilium  CoifVALLiUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

Lilium  Paracel'bi,  Tinctu'ra  Met  alio' rum, 
Lili.  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracelsus.  It 
was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible  four  ounces 
of  each  of  the  following  alloys :  Antimony  and 
iron,  antimony  and  tin,  antimony  and  copper,  pre- 
viously mixed  with  eighteen  ounces  of  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  as  muoh  salt  of  tartar.  The  melted  . 
mass,  when  pulverized,  was  treated  with  rectified 
alcohol,  whioh  really  dissolved  only  the  potassa  set 
at  liberty  by  the  decomposition  experienced  by 
the  nitre  and  salt  of  tartar.   The  Lilium  Paraoel* 


LILY 


514 


lineament 


was  used  u  a  cordial    It  entered  into  the  com- 
position of  the  theriaoal  elixir,  Ac 

LILT,  GROUND,  Trillium  latifolium— 1.  May, 
Convallaria  maialis — 1.  Pond,  Nelumbium  luteum 
—  1.  Pond,  White,  Nymphsea  odorata— 1.  Toad, 
Nympheea  odorata — L  of  the  Valley,  ConTallaria 
maialis — 1.  Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis — 
1.  Water,  sweet,  Nymphssa  odorata — 1.  Water, 
sweet-scented,  Nymphma  odorata  —  L  Water, 
white,  Nyinphsea  alba — 1.  Water,  yellow,  Nym- 
phssa lutea — L  White,  Lilium  eandidum,  Nelum- 
bium luteum. 

LIMA,  CLIMATE  OP.  The  climate  of  Pern 
does  not  appear  to  be  favourable  to  the  genera- 
tion of  consumption ;  and  Lima  would  seem  to 
be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rian. Many  have  been  benefited  by  a  residence 
there ;  but  when  they  have  gone  farther  south,  as 
to  Chili,  the  effect,  according  to  Dr.  M.  Burrough, 
has  generally  been  fatal. 

LIMA  DENT  ARIA,  Scalprum  dentarium. 

LIMAgiEN  (F.),  from  limacon,  the  cochlea  of 
the  ear.  A  branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyrinthic 
nerve  sent  to  the  cochlea. 

LIMACON,  Cochlea,  Limax  —  L  Rampes  du, 
see  Cochlea. 

LIMACUM  CORNUA,  see  Lachrymal  punota, 

LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 

LIMA'TIO,  from  lima,  'a  file.'  Piling:  an 
operation  employed  by  the  dentist  more  espe- 
cially to  prevent  immediate  contact  of  the  teeth 
with  each  other. 

LIMATURA  PERRI,  Perri  Limatura. 

LIMAX,  Helix,  Slug  or  Snail,  (P.)  Lima- 
eon,  Colimacon,  Escargot.  A  syrup  has  been 
prepared  from  these  animals,  which  has  been 
given  in  phthisis,  Ac.  The  raw  snails  have  also 
been  taken  in  consumption.  They  have  been 
used  as  food. 

LIMB,  Membrum. 

LIMBUS  ALVEOLARIS,  Alveolar  border— 
1.  Luteus  retinas,  see  Foramen  centrale — 1.  Poste- 
rior corporis  striati,  Taenia  Bemicircularis. 

LIME.  A  fruit  like  a  small  lemon,  the  juice 
of  which  is  strongly  acid,  and  much  used  for 
making  punch.  It  is,  also,  used  in  long  voyages 
as  an  antiscorbutic,  Ac.  It  is  a  species  of  lemon, 
the  fruit  of  Citrus  acida. 

Lime,  Calx — 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta — 1.  Chloride 
of,  Calois  chloridum — 1.  Chlorite  of,  Calcis  chlo- 
Tidum — 1.  Chloruret  of,  Calcis  chloridum — L  Hy- 
drate of,  see  Calx  —  1.  Hypochlorite  of,  Calcis 
chloridum  —  1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calcis 
nrarias  —  1.  Oxymuriate  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1. 
Slaked,  see  Calx — 1.  Sulphuret  of,  Calcis  sulphu- 
retnm — L  Tree,  Tilia — L  Water,  Liquor  calcis — 
L  Water,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  compositus. 

XIMICUS,  Hungry. 

XIMITROPHES,  see  Trisplanohnio  nerve. 

UMNE,  Marsh. 

LIMNE'MIC,  Limna'mie,  Limnhe'mie,  Lim- 
na'micus,  Limnha'micus,  from  At/tvi?,  'a  marsh,' 
and  'aipa,  '  blood/  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
induced  by  paludal  emanations;  (P.)  Affections 
limnhimiques. 

LIMOCTON'IA,  Abstinence.    Abstinence  to 
•  death.   Death  from  hunger ;  from  \tpos, '  hunger,' 
.and  KTovot,  'death.'    Suicide  by  hunger. 
.LIMODES,  Hungry. 

LIMON,  see  Citru«  medica. 

LIMON  All  A,  Lemonade. 

LIMON ADE,  Lemonade-  -J.  Qateuse,  see  Le- 
monade—J.  Slche,  Lemonade,  dry;  see  Citric 
acid. 

LIMONIUM,  Statice  limonium— 1.  Malum,  see 
Citrus  medica. 

LIMONUM  BACCA,  s'e  Citrus  medica. 


LIMOS,  Xcptff  'hunger.'    Hence: 

LIMO'SIS,  Stomach  disease,  Morbid  appetite 
A  genus  in  the  class  Cceliaea,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

Lrvosis  Cardialgia  Mordehs,  Cardialgia— 1. 
Cardialgia  sputatoria,  Pyrosis — 1-  Dyspepsia,  Dys- 
pepsia— 1.  Expers,  Anorexia — 1.  Ex  pen?  protracts, 
Fasting — 1.  Flatus,  Flatulence — L  Helluonum, 
Gluttony — 1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHERAPEI'A,  NestiOerapsi'a,  Keste- 
therapei'a,  Nestiatria,  Peinotherapi'a,  Curatio 
morbi  per  ine'diam,  from  Xipot,  *  hunger,'  and 
Scparua,  'treatment.'  Hunger -cure.  Cure  by 
fasting. 

LIMUS,  Limos. 

LIN,  Linum  usitatissimum — L  Oraines  de,  see 
Linum  usitatissimum — L  Purgatif,  Linum  cathar- 
tic um. 

LTNAIRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LIN  AMENTUM,  Linteum. 

LINARIA,  Antirninum  linaria — L  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria — 1.  Elatine,  Antirhinum 
elatine — 1.  Vulgaris,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINCTUARIUM,  Eelectos. 

LINCTUS,  Eelectos— 1.  Albus,  Looch  album— 
1.  Amygdalinus,  Looch  album  —  1.  ad  Aphthae, 
Mel  boracis — 1.  de  Boraee,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis, Looch  album. 

LINDEN  TREE,  Tilia, 

LINE,  Lin'ea,  Grammi,  (P.)  Ligne.  Extent 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness.  As  a  measure,  it  means  the  12th 
part  of  an  inch. 

Median  Link  of  the  Body  is  an  imaginary 
line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the  head 
and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  divide  the 
body  vertically  into  two  equal  and  symmetrical 
parts. 

LINEA,  Line. 

Link  a  Alba,  l>.  A.  Abdominis,  (P.)  Ligne 
blanche,  Ligne  mfdiane  de  r  abdomen  (Ch.),  Gam- 
did' ula  abdom'inis  lin'ea,  Lin'ea  centra' lis.  A 
tendinous,  strong,  and  highly  resisting  cord ;  ex- 
tending from  the  ensiform  cartilage  of  the  ster- 
num to  the  symphysis  pubis,  with  the  umbilical 
near  its  middle.  The  linea  alba  is  formed  by  the 
decussation  of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal 
muscles ;  and  its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of 
the  chest  backwards;  to  prevent  it  from  separat- 
ing too  far  from  the  pelvis,  and  to  furnish  a  fixed 
point  for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen  in  their 
contraction. 

Lutea  As'pera,  (P.)  Ligne  dpre,  Ragged  ridge, 
Ligne  sons-trochantSricnne,  (Ch.)  A  rongh  pro- 
jection at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur, 
which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Likea  Candidula  Abdominis,  L.  alba — I.  Cen- 
tralis, L.  alba  —  L  Innominata,  Hio-pectinea 
Linea. 

LINE.fi  SEMILTJNA'RES  are  tielines. which 
bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines  which  cross 
these  muscles  are  called  Linea  transfer***. 

Linea  Tib/i<£,  An'guli  tib'im.  Sharp  lines  on 
the  tibia. 

Linejb  Transversa,  see  L.  semilunares,  and 
Processus  teretes. 

LIN&AIRE,  Linear. 

LIN'EAMENT,  Lineamen'tum,  from  linen,  «a 
line.'  A  delicate  trait  observed  on  the  counte- 
nance, which  constitutes  its  special  character, 
enables  us  to  preserve  its  image,  and  is  the  cause 
of  resemblance  to  others.    A  feature. 

Bonnet  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  first 
traces  of  organisation  in  the  embryo  of  man  and 


LIKBAE 


515 


LINIMENTUM 


LIN'EAR,  Linea'rit,  Linea'riut.  Same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Liniaire.  Pathologists  apply  the  epi- 
thet linear  to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, 
and  in  which  the  fragments  are  scarcely  sepa- 
rated. 

LINE'OLAj  a  diminutive  of  linea,  'a  line/  A 
small  line. 

Line'oljb  Mamma'rum.  The  white  lines  on  the 
breasts. 

LINGUA,  Tongue  —  1.  Boris,  Anohusa  offici- 
nalis— 1.  Canina,  Gynoglossam — 1.  Cervina,  As- 
pleniam  scolopendriam — 1.  Exigua,  Epiglottis — 
I.  Prognosis  ex,  Glossomantia —  L  Serpentaria, 
Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

Linguae  Avis,  see  Fraxinns  excelsior — 1.  De- 
ten  tor,  Glo8soeatochus — L  Exoncosis,  Glossoncns 
—  1.  Scalpium,  Cure-langue. 

LIN'GUAL,  Lingua' lit,  from  lingua,  'the 
tongue.'    Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

Lingual  Ar'tert,  Arte'ria  lingua' lit,  arises 
from  the  external  carotid ;  and,  after  several  tor- 
tuosities, reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  becomes 
horizontal,  and,  under  the  nameifantn*,  advances 
to  the  tip,  where  it  anastomoses  with  its  fellow. 
In  its  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dortalit  lingua  and 
sublingual. 

Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'lit,  Batio-glottut 
(Cowper),  Olottia'nut,  is  a  small,  long,  fasciculus 
of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the  tongue, 
between  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus- 
cles, which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the  genioglos- 
sus,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from  the  base  to 
the  tip  of  the  tongue ;  and,  at  its  sides,  is  con- 
founded with  the  muscles  just  referred  to.  It 
shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its  point,  and  can 
carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Nbrvh  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.  It 
is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  Inferior  maxillary,,  or  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it  anastomoses 
with,  or  simply  runs  olose  to,  the  chorda  tym- 
pani.  It  afterwards  gives  off  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
tongue,  and  some  of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
even  traced  as  far  as  the  papillae ,'  —  a  distribu- 
tion which  has  socasioned  it  to  be  regarded  as 
the  Gustatory  nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  guttatif. 

Lingual  Salivary  Glands,  see  Salivary 
glands. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular. 

LINGUALIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA,  Lingula. 

LINGULA,  Ligula. 

Lin'gula,  Linguet'ta  lamino'ta.  A  thin,  trans- 
versely grooved  lobule  of  gray  substance,  de- 
rived from  the  anterior  border  of  the  cerebellum, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  lies  over  the  velum 
medullare  anterius. 

Lingula  Fistula:,  Epiglottis. 

LINI  USITATISSIMI  SEMINA,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

LIN'IMENT,  Linimen'tum,  Litut,  Enchrit'ton, 
Catachrie'ton,  Perich'ritit,  Perichrit'ton,Aleiph'a, 
Aleim'ma,  JEnehrit'ta,  Frictum,  Fricato'rium,  In- 
line'tio,  from  linire,  *  to  anoint  gently/  'to  anoint' 
An  unctuous  medicine,  containing  usually  oil  or 
lard,  which  is  used  externally  in  the  form  of 
friction. 

LINIMENT  AMMONIACAL,  Linimentum 
ammonias  —  I.  de  Carbonate  cTAmmoniaque,  Li- 
nimentum ammonisa  carbonatis. 

LINIMENT  ANTIIltiMORRHOlDALE 
DE  SIEUR  ANDRY,  (F.)  This  is  formed  of 
Narbonne  honey,  Olive  oil,  and  Turpentine, 


LINIMENT  ANTIPARALTTIQUE,  (F.) 
Composed  of  tubcarbonate  of  ammonia,  alcoholized 
oil,  black  toap,  and  oil  of  rosemary. 

Liniment,  Antisobof'ulous,  of  Hufelaxd. 
It  is  composed  otfreth  ox-gall,  White  Soap,  Un- 
guentum  altha'a,  Volatile  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  and  Camphor. 

LINIMENT  CALCA1RE,  Linimentum  aquae 
ealcis — 1.  Camphor,  Linimentum  camphors — /. 
Camphri,  Linimentum  camphors — L  of  Cantba- 
rides,  camphorated,  Linimentum  e  cantharidibus 
eamphoratum — I.  Cantharide  camphrS,  Linimen- 
tum e  cantharidibus  eamphoratum  —  I.  d'Eau  de 
chaux,  Linimentum  aquae  ealcis  —  1.  of  Lime- 
water,  Linimentum  aquso  ealcis  —  L  de  Mereure, 
Linimentum  hydrargyri — 1.  Mercurial,  Linimen- 
tum hydrargyri  —  L  Olio-calcaire,  Linimentum 
aquss  ealcis. 

LINIMENT  RE  SOL  UTIF  DE  POTT,  com- 
posed of  oil  of  turpentine  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
in  rheumatism,  swellings,  Ac 

Liniment,  Saint  John  Long's.  A  liniment 
used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  quarter  of  the  19th  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  turpentine 
and  aeetie  acid,  held  in  suspension  by  yolk  of 
egg.    It  was  a  powerful  counter-irritant 

LINIMENT  DE  SAVON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  compositum — L  de  Savon  opiaci,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opiL 

LINIMENT  SAVONNEUX  HYDROSUL- 
FURE  DE  JADELOT.  Composed  oitulphurtt 
of  potatt,  3vj>  white  toap,  tbij ;  oil  of  poppy, 
miv ,'  oil  of  thyme,  gij.     Used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple,  Linimentum  simplex  —  1. 
Soap,  Linimentum  saponis  —  1.  Soap  and  opium, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — 1.  Soap,  compound, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 1.  Turpentine,  Li- 
nimentum terebinthinSB  —  1.  of  Verdigris,  Lini- 
mentum seruginis  —  L  de  Vert-de-grit,  Linimen- 
tum seruginis — I.  Volatil,  Linimeutum  ammonisa 
fortius. 

LINIMENTUM,  Liniment 

Linimen'tum  JEru'ginis,  Ox'ymel  JEru'ginit, 
Unguen'tum  JEgyptiacum,  Melli'tum  de  aceta'ti 
cupri,  Liniment  of  verdigrit,  (F.)  Liniment  de 
Vert-de-grit,  Miel  (Tacitate  decuivre.  (jErugin. 
cont  5j  ',  acet.  ^v^j  j  mellit  detpum.  pond.  Jxiv. 
Liquefied,  strained,  and  inspissated  by  boiling. — 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  an  eschorotic  and  deter- 
gent;—  diluted,  as  a  gargle  in  venereal  ulcera- 
tions and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Linimentum  Album,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Unguen- 
tum  cetacei — 1.  ad  Ambustiones,  L.  aquse  ealcis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'niai,  Sapo  ammoniaca'lit, 
Linimen'tum  ammonia' turn  seu  ammo'nieum  sen 
Anglica'num,  Sapo  ammo'nia  olea'ceut,  Unguen'- 
tum album  retol'.vent,  Oleum  ammonia' turn,  Lini- 
mentum ammo'nia,  Strang  liniment  of  ammonia, 
(F.)  Liniment  volatil  ou  ammoniacal,  Savon  am- 
moniacal.  (Liq.  ammon.  f  Jj ;  olei  oliva,  f'U- 
Mix.— PA.  U.  &;  A  stimulating  and  rubefacient 
soap. 

Linimentum  Ammo'nle  Carbon a'tis,  Liniment 
of  tubcarb'onate  of  ammo'nia,  Linimentum  am- 
mo'nia, Linimentum  volat'ili,  Hartshorn  and  oil, 
(F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  tFammoniaque.  (So- 
lut.  tubcarb.  ammon.  f^j  ;  olei  oliv.  f§iy.  Shake 
till  they  unite.)  A  stimulating  liniment,  mostly 
used  to  relieve  rheumatio  pains,  bruises,  Ac. 

Linimentum  Ammoniatum  seu  Ammonicum,  L. 
ammonia  fortis  —  1.  Anglicanum,  L.  Ammonias 
fortis — L  ad  Aphthas,  Mel  boracis. 

Linimentum  Aquas  Calcis,  Linimentum  Calcit 

iPh.  U.  S.),  Oleum  lini  cum  calci,  Sapo  calca'riut, 
'linimentum  ad  ambuttio'net,  Liniment  of  lime- 
water,  (F.)  Liniment  d'ean  de  chaux,  Savon  cal- 
caire,  Liniment  calcaire,  Liniment  oUo-calcairt, 


LINIMENTUM 


516 


LIP 


(Olei  lini,  aqua  calcis,  aa  fjij.  Misce.)  A 
cooling  and  emollient  application  to  bums  and 
scalds. 

Linimentum  Arcei,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum — 1.  do  Borate,  Mel  boraois —  1.  Colds, 
L.  aquae  calcis. 

Linimentum  Cam'phorji,  Oleum  Camphora' turn, 
Solu'tio  camphora  oleo'sa,  Camphor  liniment,  (F.) 
Liniment  Camphri,  ( Camphora,  £iv ;  olei  oliva, 
f£ij.  Dissolve.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  and 
discutient 

Linimentum  Cam'phoile  Compos'itum,  Ward's 
essence  for  the  headach,  Compound  camphor  lini- 
ment. (Camphor,  ^ij  >*  liq.  ammonia,  fjii  J  spirit, 
lavand.  Oj. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  stimulant  and  ano- 
dyne. 

Linimentum  Canthar'idis,  Liniment  of  Spanish 
Flies.  (Cantharid.  in  pulv.  gj;  OL  Terebinth. 
Oss.  Digeet  for  three  hours  by  means  of  a  water 
bath,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  exci- 
tant liniment  in  typhus,  Ac. 

LlXIMENTUM    E    CANTHARID'lBUS     CaMPHOBA'- 

tum,  Camph' orated  liniment  of  canthar'ides,  (P.) 
L.  cantharide  camphri.  (  Tinet.  cantharid.  Jss  ; 
ol.  amygd.  dulc.  5iv ;  sapon.  amygd.  ^j  ;  camphor. 
Zss.  Dissolve  the  oamphor  in  the  oil,  and  add 
this  mixture  to  the  tincture  and  soap. — Ph.  P.) 
Rubefacient,  and  discutient. 

Linimentum  Hydrar'qyri,  Mercu'rial  lini- 
ment, (F.)  L.  de  Mercure.  (  Ung.  Hyd.fort.,  adip. 
prap.  &&  Jiv;  camphor a,  5  j ;  sp.  rcct.  gtt.  xv; 
liquor  amnion,  fjiv.  Rub  the  camphor  with  the 
spirit;  add  the  ointment  and  lard;  and,  lastly, 
gradually  add  the  solution. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  used 
as  a  stimulant  and  discutient  to  venereal  swel- 
lings, Ac. 

Linimentum  Plumbatum,  Ungucntum  plumbi 
superacetatis — 1.  Saponaceum  opiatum,  L.  sapo- 
nin et  opii. 

Linimentum  Sapona'ceum  Hydrosulphura'- 
Tum.  (Common  Soap,  500  p.  Liquefy  in  a  water 
bath  in  an  earthen  vessel ;  and  add  white  poppy 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  add  dry  sulphuret 
of  potass,  100  p.  Beat  together,  and  add  oil  of 
poppy -seed,  750  p. — PA.  P.)  In  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, as  psora,  herpes,  Ac 

LlXIMENTUM  Sapohato-camphoratum,  L.  Sa- 
ponis  camphoratum. 

Linimentum  Sapo'nis,  Tinctu'ra  saponis  cam- 


the  soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water  bath,  until  the 
former  is  dissolved ;  filter,  and  add  the  camphor 
and  oil.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains,  bruises, 
and  as  an  embrocation. 

Linimentum  Sapo'nib  Camphora'tum,  L.  S. 
cmpos'itnm,  L.  Sapona'to-camphora'tum,  BaV- 
S'tmum  opodeldoc,  Tinctura  saponis  camphora' ta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Opodel'doch,  Steer's  opodeldoch,  (F.) 
L.  de  Savon.  Compound  Soap  Liniment.  (Sapon. 
rasur.  Jir;  Camphor.  5ij;  Ol.  Bosmarini,  fjss; 
Aqua,  f  Siv ;  Alcohol.  Oy.  Mix  the  alcohol  and 
water ;  digest  the  soap  in  the  mixture  by  means 
of  a  water  bath,  until  it  is  dissolved ;  filter,  and 
add  the  camphor  and  oil. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant 
and  anodyne ;  in  bruises,  local  pains,  Ac. 

Freeman's  Bathing  Spirits  consist  of  lin.  sapon 
comp.  coloured  with  Daffy's  elixir. 

Jackson's  Bathing  Spirits  differ  from  Freeman's 
in  the  addition  of  some  essential  oils. 

Linimentum  Sapo'nis  et  Opii,  L.  sapona'ceum 
ODta'tum,  Soap  and  opium  liniment,  Bates's  ano- 
dyne balsam,  Balsamum  anod'ynum,  Tinctura  sa- 
ponis et  opii,  (F.)  L.  de  Savon  opiaci.  (Saponis 
duri.  giv ;  opii,  Jj ;  camphora,  5y ;  olei  roris- 
t.tarin.  fgss;  alcohol,  Oy.— Ph.E.)  Anodyne; 
in  chronio  rheumatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 


Linimentum  Simplex,  Simple  Liniment  (OL 
oliv.  4  p. ;  ceres  alba,  1  p.  flat  linimentum. — Ph. 
E.)    Emollient;  used  in  chaps,  Ac 

Linimentum  Simplex,  Unguentum  cerae. 

Linimentum  Terebin'thinje,  Turpen'tine  lini- 
ment. (Cerat.  resina,  tbj  ;  ol.  terebinth.  Oss.  Melt 
the  cerate  and  stir  in  the  oil.)  A  stimulant;  ap- 
plied to  burns,  Ac. 

Linimentum  Yoaattle,  L.  ammonisa  carbonati*. 

LINN^'A,  L.  Borea'lis.  This  plant,  called 
after  Linnaeus,  has  a  bitter,  sub-astringent  taste; 
and  is  used,  in  some  places,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation, in  rheumatic  pains.  An  infusion  in 
milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  for  the  cure  of 
sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimom. 

LINSEED,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

LINT,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

LINTEAMEN,  Linteum,  Pledget 

LIN'TEUM,  L.  carptum  sen  rasum,  Lintea'. 
men,  Oth'one",  Othon'ion,  Car'basus,  Car*basa, 
Car'pia,  Motos,  Mote,  Motum,  Linamen'tum,  Til. 
ma,  Xystos,  Xysma,  Achni,  Lint,  (F.)  Charpie. 
A  soft,  flocoulent  substance,  made  by  scraping 
old  linen  cloth,  (F.)  Charpie  rdpie,  or  by  unra- 
velling old  linen  cut  into  small  pieces— (F.)  Char- 
pie brute;  and  employed  in  surgery  as  a  dressing 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  Ac,  either  simply  or  covered 
with  ointment. 

Linteum  Carptum,  see  Linteum — L  Rasum, 
see  Linteum. 

LINUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — L  Arrense, 
L.  usitatissimum. 

Linum  Cathar'ttcum,  L.  min'imum,  Chamalif- 
num,  Purging  Jlax  or  Mill  mountain,  (F.)  Lin 
purgatif.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  cathartic 
properties,  and  has  a  bitterish,  disagreeable  taste 
Dose,  £j,  in  substance. 

Linum  Crudum,  see  Apolinosis — L  Minimum, 
L.  Catharticum. 

Linum  Usitatis'simum,  L.  arven'st,  Oommim 
Jlax,  (F.)  Lin.  The  seed,  Linum  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Sem'ina  lini  usitatis'simi,  Linosper'mum,  Lin- 
seed, Flaxseed,  (F.)  Grains  de  lin,  are  inodorous, 
and  almost  tasteless ;  yielding  mucilage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  They  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient  Linseed,  when  ground  into 
powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  boiling 
water.  The  oil,  Oleum  lini,  Flaxseed  oil,  (F.) 
Huile  de  Lin,  is  emollient  and  demulcent 

LIONDENT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalus  albus,  Prcnanthei  — 
1.  Tail,  Leonurus. 

LIOPODIA,  Leiopodes. 

LIOPUS,  Leiopus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  Lippe,  Cheilos,  La'bium, 
Labrum,  (F.)  Livre.  [In  Entomology,  labium 
means  the  lower  lip, — labrum,  the  upper.]  The 
lips  are  composed  of  different  muscular  fasciculi, 
nerves,  and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  aperture  of  that  cavity ;  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  Ac.  They 
are  distinguished  into  upper  and  lower  —  Ane- 
chei'lon,  and  Catochei'lon  —  and  are  placed  in 
front  of  each  jaw,  forming  between  them  the  an- 
terior aperture  of  tbe  mouth.  They  unite  attach 
side,  and  form  what  are  called  the  angle*  or  com- 
missures of  the  mouth — Chal'ini.  Their  free  edge 
is  covered  with  a  mucous  membrane,  of  a  more 
or  less  livid  red,  according  to  the  individual. 
They  receive  their  arteries  from  the  external 
carotid.  Their  veins  open  into  the  two  jugulars. 
Their  lymphatic  vessels  descend  into  the  gan- 
glions situate  beneath  the  chin.  Their  nerves 
are  derived  from  the  infra-orbitar,  mental,  and 
faciaL 


LIPA 


sir 


LIQUOR 


IdPS,  La'hia,  (F.)  Litres  de  la  vulve,  are  folds 
belonging  to  the  genital  organs  of  the  female, 
and  distinguished  into— 1.  Labia  puden'di  sea 
Cunni  sea  majo'ra,  Epiti'a,  Ala  puden'di  mulie'- 
brit,  Hytrochei'lidet,  liupet,  Ala  majo'ree,  Crem'- 
noi,  (F.)  Grande*  Llvres.  These  are  two  mem- 
branous folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which 
limit  the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  perinsaum. 
Thoy  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures;  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
Fourchette.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex ;  formed 
of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The  inner  sur- 
face is  white,  and  covered  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
continuous  with  that  lining  the  other  parts  of  the 
vulva.  The  space  between  the  skin  and  mucous 
membrane  is  filled  with  a  fatty  tissue  and  fibrous 
bands,  some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  vaginae  mus- 
cle, vessels,  and  nerves. 

We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  ulcer, 
Ac,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solutions 
of  continuity. 

LIPA,  Aim,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo. 

LI'PARA,  from  \iwapos,  'fatty/  and  \*ra,  'fat' 
Plasters,  containing  much  oil  or  fat. 

LIPARIA,  see  Polysarca. 

LIPAROCE'LE,  Lipoce'li,  from  \ixapot,  'fatty/ 
and  07X17,  '  tumour/  Lipo'mat  or  fatty  tumour 
of  the  scrotum,  Her'nia  pinguedino'ea  scroti. 

LIPAROlE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 

LIPAROTES,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPAROTRICH'IA,  from  Xnropoj,  'fat,'  and 
fy*{,  '  hair.'    Too  great  oiliness  of  the  hair. 

LIPASMA,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPE MANIA,  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 

LIPHjEMIA,  Leiphaemia. 

LIPILEMOS,  Leiphaemos. 

LIPO  or  LEIPO,  >«*«,  <I  leave,'  'I  forsake/ 
Hence,  Leipopeychia,  Leipothymia, 

LIPOCELE,  Liparocele. 

LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 

LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 

LIPO'MA,  Lypo'ma,  from  Aiiro*,  'fat/ 'fatty 
tumour/  A  fatty  tumour  of  an  encysted  or  other 
character. 

LIPOME'RIA,  Leipome'ria,  from  A«to,  'I 
leave/  and  uipot,  a  'part'  Monstrosity  from  ar- 
rest of  development,  or  from  defect  Deficiency 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body ;  for  ex- 
ample, where  a  person  has  only  four  fingers. 

LIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LIPOS,  Pinguedo. 

LIPOSIS,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LIPPA,  Chassie. 

LIPPIA,  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  OphthaVmia  chronica  of  some, 
Lippitude,  Blear-eye,  Lappa,  Lipa,  Xerophthal- 
mia, Lenta,  Lemi,  Lemot'itat,  Glemi,  Glama,  Grar- 
mia.  A  copious  secretion  of  the  sebaceous  hu- 
mour of  the  eyelids,  which  renders  them  gummy. 
It  is  owing  to  a  state  of  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  tarsal  margins ;  the  eyelids  being  generally 
red,  tumefied,  and  painful. 

Lippitudo  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LIPPUS,  Chassieur. 

LIPSIS  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

LIPSOTRICHIA,  Alopecia,  Calvities. 

L I Q  UAM  U'M  IA,  Adept  huma'nut.  Human 
fat — Roland  and  Johnson. 

LTQUARIUM,  Syrupus  simplex. 

LIQT7ATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUEFA'CIENT,  Liquefa'ciens,  from  liquid- 
it*,  'liquid/  and  facere,  'to  make/  A  medicinal 
agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of  liquefy- 


ing solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mercury, 
iodine,  Ac,  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFACTION,  Liqtta'tio,  Liquefae'tio / 
(same  etymon.)  Transformation  of  a  solid  sub- 
stance into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particularly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fatty  bodies,  see  Fusion. 

LIQUEUR  IT  ALU  MINE  OOMPOS&E,  Li- 
quor  aluminis  compos.  —  I.  Artinicale,  Liquor  ar- 
senic alia —  I.  Fumante  de  Boyle,  Ammonias  sul- 
phuretum,  Liquor  finnans  Boylii  —  I,  Volatile  de 
come  de  cerf,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  I. 
de  Ouivre  ammoniacal,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati 
—  L  de  Fer  alcaline,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini  —  I, 
de  Sous-acetate  de  plomb,  Liquor  plumbi  sub- 
acetatis  —  I.  de  Potaeee,  Liquor  potassn —  L  de 
Sous-carbonate  de  potaeee,  Liquor  potasses  sub- 
oar  bonatiB. 

LIQUID,  ADHESIVE,  MAYNARD'S,  Collo- 
dion— L  Disinfecting,  Burnett's,  see  Burnett's  dis- 
infecting liquid  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Labarraque's, 
Liquor  sodae  chlorinatae — 1.  Disinfecting,  Le- 
doyen's,  see  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

LIQUIDAMBAR  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Compto- 
nia  asplenifolia — 1.  Officinalis,  see  Styrax — 1.  Pe- 
regrina,  Gomptonia  asplenifolia. 

Liquidam'bar  Styracif'lua,  Li  qui  dam' bra, 
Sweet  yum.  The  name  of  the  tree  which  affords 
the  Liquid  amber  and  Storax  liquida,  Styrax  li- 
quida  or  Liquid  storax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  re- 
sinous juice  of  a  yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red ; 
at  first  of  about  the  consistence  of  turpentine ;  by 
age,  hardening  into  a  solid,  lilttle  mass.  It  is 
not  used  medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  are  two  sorts,  —  one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

LIQUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhixa. 

LIQUOR,  Liqua'men,  Hygrori,  Hy'grotes,  (F.) 
Liqueur.  A  name  given  to  many  compound  li- 
quids, and  especially  to  those  the  bases  of  which 
are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Acidus  Halleri,  Elixir  acidum  Hal- 
leri — 1.  JSthereus,  Ether  —  I.  JSthereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Spiritus  sstheris  sulphurici. 

Liquor  Alu'miicis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  a! h' mi- 
nit  oompoe'ita,  Aqua  alumino'ta  Batea'na,  Com- 
pound solution  of  Alum,  (F.)  Liqueur  cTalumine 
compote's.  (Aluminie,  tinci  eulphat.  sing,  Jss, 
aqua  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve  and  filter  through 
paper.)  Detergent  and  stimulant  Used  as  a 
collyrium,  when  properly  diluted,  in  ophthalmia; 
as  an  injection  in  gleet,  leucorrhoea,  Ac. 

Liquor  Ammo'itijG,  Liq.  ammonia  pura,  Al'eali 
ammoni'acum  flu'idum,  Ammo'nia  liq'uida,  A. 
eaue'tiea  liquida,  A.  pura  liquida,  Lixiv'ium 
ammoniaca'U,  Spiritus  talis  ammoniaei  aquo'tus, 
Aqua  ammonia,  Aqua  ammonia  caus'tica,  Liquid 
ammonia,  Solution  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Ammoniaque 
liquide.  (Directed  to  be  made  in  the  Pharm.  U. 
S.  from  muriate  of  Ammonia,  in  fine  powder ;  and 
Lime,  each  a  pound  ;  distilled  water  a  pint;  water, 
nine  fluidounces.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime ;  this  is  mixed  with  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  put  into  a  glass  retort  in  a  sand-bath. 
Heat  is  applied  so  as  to  drive  off  the  ammonia, 
which  is  made  to  pass  into  a  quart  bottle  contain- 
ing the  distilled  water.  To  every  ounce  of  the 
product  three  and  a  half  fluidraohms  of  distilled 
water  are  added,  or  as  such  as  may  be  necessary 
to  raise  its  s.  g.  to  0.96.  This  Liquor  Ammonias 
may  also  be  made  by  mixing  one  part  of  liquor 
ammoniss  fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water. 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Its  s.  g.  is  0.960.  Liquob 
Ammonia  fortior,  Stronger  solution  of  ommo- 
nia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  an  aqueous  solution  of  ammonia 


LIQUOR 


518 


LIQUOR 


of  the  s.  g.  0.882.  Liquor  ammonia  is  stimulant, 
antacid,  and  rubefacient  Dose  gtt  to  xx,  in 
water  or  milk. 

Liquor  Ammonia  Aceta'tts,  Al'cali  ammoni'- 
acum  ac  ft  a' turn,  Aleali  volafill  aceta'tum,  Aqua 
aceta'tis  amtno'nia,  Solution  of  acetate  of  ammo- 
nia, Aqua  ammo'nia  aceta'ta,  Ace' tat  ammonia, 
Spirit  of  Minders' rue,  Sal  ammoni'acum  vegetab'- 
iU,  Spir'itus  ophthal' micua  Mindere'ri,  Sal  aceto'- 
sus  ammoniaca'li*.  {Acid,  acetic,  dilut.  Oij,  Am- 
man, carbonat.  in  pulv.  add  the  salt  to  the  acid 
until  it  is  saturated.  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  A  sudorific; 
externally,  cooling.     Dose,  f  Sftj  to  f^iflS. 

Liquor  Ammonias  Subcarbona'tib,  Solu'tio 
subcarbonatis  ammonia,  Aqaa  carbonatis  ammo- 
nia, Solution  of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia.  (Am- 
monia carbon.  £\v,  aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve 
and  filter  through  paper.)  Use;  —  the  same  as 
that  of  the  carbonate  of  ammonia. 

Liquor  Ammonii  Hydrothiodib,  Ammonia) 
sulphuretum —  1.  ex  Ammonia  et  oleo  succini, 
Spiritus  ammonias  succinatus — 1.  Ammonii  vino- 
sus,  Spiritus  ammonite. 

Liquor  Am'nii,  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of  the 
amnios.  (F.)  Eaux  de  V amnio*.  The  fluid  ex- 
haled by  the  amnios,  and  which  envelops  the  fee* 
tus  during  the  whole  period  of  utcro-gestation. 
It  is  often  simply  called  the  waters,  (F.)  Lee  Eaux. 
Its  relative  quantity  diminishes  as  pregnancy  ad- 
vances, although  its  absolute  quantity  continues 
to  increase  till  the  period  of  delivery.  In  some 
women  only  five  or  six  ounces  are  met  with  :  in 
others,  it  amounts  to  pints.  It  is  limpid,  yellow- 
ish, ox  whitish ;  exhales  a  faint  smell,  and  has  a 
slightly  saline  taste.  It  contains  water  in  con- 
siderable quantity ;  albumen ;  chloride  of  sodium ; 
phosphate  of  lime ;  an  alkaline  substance ;  and 
a  particular  acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation 
of  the  uterus,  and  aids  delivery  by  acting  as  a 
soft  wedge  enclosed  in  its  membranes,  Poche  dex 
Eaux,  Ac.  It  is  probably  inservient  to  useful 
purposes  in  the  nutrition  of  the  foetus. 

Liquor  Amnii,  False.  The  fluid  contained 
between  the  amnion  and  chorion  in  the  early 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

Liquor,  Akodyxk,  Hoffmanns,  Spiritus  ssthe- 
ris  sulphurici  compositus — 1.  Anodynus  martialis, 
Alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Liquor  Anod'ynus  Tbrrbhtthtita'tub.  A  for- 
mula prescribed  by  Rademacher  in  cases  of  gall- 
stone, and  of  obstructions  and  indurations  of  the 
liver  and  spleen.  It  was  composed  of  Hoffmann's 
anodyne  liquor  £  j ;  rectified  oil  of  turpentine  $)ij. 
Dose  5  to  10  drops.  It  resembles  the  Remlde  de 
Durand. 

Liquor  Arseitica'lis,  L.  potas'sm  arseni'tis 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Solu'tio  arsenicalis,  S.  arsenica'ta,  S. 
arteni'tie  kal'ica,  Arsen'ical  solution,  Min'eral 
solvent,  Ar'senispotas'sa  liq'uidue,  Ar'senispotas- 
sa  aquo'sus,  Fowler's  solution  of  arsenic,  Solvent 
minera'li,  Ital'ian  poison,  Aqua  Tofa'na,  Aqua 
Toffa'nia,  Acqua  delta  Toff  an  a,  Acqua  di  Napoli, 
Acquet'ta  (?),  Tasteless  ague  drop,  (F.)  Liqueur 
arsSnicale.  (Acid.  Arsenios.  in  frustulis,  potasta 
carbonatis  pur.,  sing.  gr.  lxiv.,  aqua  destillat.  q. 
i.  Boil  together  the  arsenious  acid  and  oarbonate 
of  potassa  with  twelve  fluidounoes  of  distilled 
water,  in  a  glass  vessel,  until  the  arsenic  is  dis- 
solved. When  the  solution  is  cold,  add  Spirit, 
tavand.  e.  f  Ziv,  and  as  much  distilled  water  as 
will  make  the  whole  one  pint  Ph.  U.  Si)  f£j 
contains  gr.  ss  of  the  arsenious  acid.  Dose,  gtt  xx. 

Liquor  Arsbkici  et  Htdrargtri  Iodidi,  see 
Arsenio  and  Mercury,  iodide  of— 1.  Barii  chloridi, 
Baryta,  muriate,  solution  of— l.Bellosti,  L.Hydrar- 
gyri  nitrici — 1  Calcii  chloridi,  see  Calcis  nutrias. 

Liquor  Calcis,  Solu'tio  calcis,  Aqua  calcis, 
dqua  benedie'ta,  Calca'ria  pura  Hq'uida,  Aqua 


calea'ria  usta,  Solution  of  Lime,  Lime  Water,  (F.) 
Eaudechaux.  (Calcis  giv.aq.destilleong.  Pour 
the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.  Let  it  stand  in 
a  covered  vessel  three  hours ;  bottle  the  lime  and 
water  in  stopped  bottles,  and  use  the  clear  solu- 
tion.) It  is  astringent,  tonic,  and  antacid;  and 
is  used  in  diarrhoea,  diabetes,  heartburn,  Ac,  and 
as  a  lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous  ulcers,  Ac 
Dose,  Jij  to  Oss,  in  milk. 

Liquor  Calcis  Compos'itts,  Aqua  calcis  com- 
pos'ita,  Compound  lime  water,  Aqua  bencdic'ta 
compos' ita,  (F.)  Eau  de  chaux  compose'.  (Lign. 
guaiac.  ras.  Ibss,  rad.  glyeyrrh.%},  cort.  sassafras, 
Jssj  i«mtti.  coriand.  Jij,  liquor  calcis,  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  days,  and  filter.)  It  is  stimulant, 
diaphoretic,  and  astringent,  and  is  used  in  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Liquor  Calcis  Muriatis,  see  Calcis  murias— 
1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia  —  L  Chloreti  natri,  L.  soda 
chlorinates — 1.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine — L  Chloru- 
reti  natri,  L.  Sodse  chlorinates— 1.  Chlorureti  sodst, 
L.  sodse  chlorinates. 

Liquor  Cupri  Amyohia'ti,  Aqua  cupri  ammo- 
nia'ti,  Aqua  sapphari'na,  Blue  eyewater,  Solution 
of  ammoniated  copper;  (F.)  Liqueur  on  Earn  de 
cuivre  ammoniacal.  (Cupri  ammoniat.  £j.  aqum 
destiU.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  the  solution  through 
paper.  Ph.  L.)  Corrosive  and  detergent  Used 
externally  to  foul  ulcers;  and  diluted  with  an 
equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it  is  applied  by  means 
of  a  hair  pencil  to  specks  and  film*,  on  the  eye. 

Liquor  Cupri  Sulpha'tis  Coirpos'rrrs,  Aqua 
cupri  mtriola'ti  composita.  (  Cupri  sulpMat.,  alu- 
min.  sulphat.  aa  %'uj,  aqua  pura  Oij,  acid  sutpk. 
Zij.  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  are 
dissolved ;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the  acid.) 
Used  as  an  astringent  in  epistaxis,  Ac  It  was 
also  called  Aqua  Styp'tica. 

Liquor  Cyreniacus,  Benjamin  —  1.  Excitans, 
Spiritus  ammonia*  succinatus. 

Liquor  Ferri  Alkali'ki,  Solution  of  Alkaline 
Iron,  (F.)  Liqueur  defer  ale  aline.  (Ferri  3iiss, 
acid.nitric^i),  aqua  destillat.  fjvj.  liq.  potass, 
subcarb.  f§vj.  To  the  acid  and  water  mixed, 
add  the  iron ;  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  solution,  gradually,  to  the  liq.  potass* 
subcarb.;  shaking  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  brown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  settling,  pour  off  the  clear 
solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic,  like  other  prepa- 
rations of  iron.     Dose,  f  Jss  to  f  sjiss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'didi,  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Syru'pus  Ferri  io'didi,  Syrup  of  Podide  of 
Iron.  (lodin.  Jij,  Ferri  rament.  £j,  Sacckmr. 
pulv.  3x\j,  Aqua  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  iodine 
with  t%x  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or 
glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings, 
constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture  gently 
until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish  colour; 
then,  having  added  the  sugar,  continue  the  beat 
a  short  time,  and  filter.  Lastly,  pour  distilled 
water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to  pass  until 
the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  measures  twenty 
fluidounces.  Keep  the  solution  in  closely  stopped 
bottles,— Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

Liquor  Ferri  Muriatis,  Tinctura  ferri  ma~ 
riatis. 

Liquor  Ferri  Nitra'tis,  L.  F.  Sesqminitra'tis 
seu  temitra'tie,  Solu'tio  Ferri  nitra'tis.  Solution 
of  nitrate,  temitrate  of  sesquioxide,  or  esestttfti- 
trate  of  iron,  has  been  recommended  in  chronic 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its  virtues  exactly  re- 
semble those  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is  prepared 
as  follows :  —  Ferri  fili,  incis.  Jj,  Acid,  nitric* 
f3"J»  M-  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  acid  and  a  pint 
of  distilled  water,  until  gas  ceases  to  be  given 
off;  filter,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make  f 3x1 
—Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  10  to  20  drops. 


LIQUOR 


619 


LIQUOR 


Liquor  Fumaws  Boy'lii,  Sulphure'tum  Ammo1- 
mm  Hydrogena'tum,  Hydrosulphure'tum  Ammo- 
nia,  finctu'ra  Sul'phuris  Volat'ilis,  Aqua  Sul- 
phure'ti  Ammonia,  Boyle's  Fuming  liquor,  (F.) 
Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
nauseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as  a 
deoxygenizer  I 

Liquor  Fuming,  Boyle's,  Liqnor  fnmans  Boy- 
lii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Libavius,  Tin,  muriate  of— 1. 
Genital,  Sperm — 1.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile,  Liqnor 
volatilia  oornn  cervi —  L  Hydrargyri  Biehloridi, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — 1.  Hydrargyri 
ohloridi  corrosivi,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  — 
1.  Hydrargyri  et  arsenici  iodidi,  see  Arsenio  and 
Mercury,  iodide  o£ 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Nitrici,  L.  Bellosti,  (F.) 
Sou  mercurieUe,  Eau  eontre  la  gangrene,  Rcmlde 
du  Due  d'Antin,  R.  du  Capuein,  (Hydrarg.  120 
p.,  acid  nitr.  (33°,)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and  add  to 
the  solution,  distilled  water,  900  p.  Ph,  P.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water.  Not  muoh 
used. 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Oxymuria'ttb,  Liquor 
Hydrar'gyri  Cklo'ridi  corrosi'vi,  L.  Hydrar'gyri 
biehloridi,  Solu'tion  of  Oxymuriate  of  Mercury, 
Liquor  Swietenie,  L,  Syphiliticus  Tumeri,  Mu'- 
ria*  hydrargyri  spirituo'sus  liq'uidus,  Solutio 
Muria'tis  hydrar'gyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  or  Solu- 
tion of  Corro'eive  Sub'limate  or  of  Van  Stoieten. 
(Hyd.  oxym.  gB.  viij,  aqua  destHl.  fjxv,  sp.  reet, 
rjj.  Dissolve  in  the  water  and  add  the  spirit. 
Ph.  P.)    Dose,  f^ss,  or  f gj. 

Norton'*  Drop;  Green's  Drope,  and  Solomon's 
Anti-Impetig"enes — all  nostrums — seem  to  be  dis- 
guised solutions  of  Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Liquor  Hydrargyri  Supbrbitratis,  see  Hy- 
drargyri nitras  —  1.  Hydriodatis  Arsenici  et  Hy- 
drargyri, Arsenio  and  mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Io'dibi  Compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842,) 
Liquor  Iodin'ii  compos' it  us,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851,)  So- 
lu'tio  Potas'sii  Io'didi  Iodure'ta,  Compound  Solu- 
tion of  Iodine,  LugoVe  Solution.  (Iodin.  gvj, 
Potass,  iodid.  §iss,  Aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve 
the  iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. 
—  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt  vj.  ad  xij,  in  sugared 
water. 

Liquor  Lithargyri  Subacetatis,  L.  plumb! 
subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacetatis  composites, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  of  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  was  composed  of 
alcohol  at  22°  or  24°,  with  a  drachm  of  nitric 
acid  to  each  pint 

Liquor  Moroaq'btl  The  small  quantity  of 
fluid  contained  within  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line lens. 

Liquor  Morphi'njb  sen  Morphia  Acbta'tis, 
Solution  of  Acetate  of  Morphia,  An'odyne  Drops. 
(Acetate  of  morphia,  gr.  xvj,  distilled  water,  f£vj, 
dilute  acetic  acid,  fgij.)  Dose,  from  six  to 
twenty-four  drops. 

Liquor  Morphi'na  seu  Mor'prta  Sulpha'- 
TI8,  Solution  of  Sulphate  of  Morphia.  (Morphia 
eulphat.  gr.  viij,  aqua  destillat.  Oss.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f£j  to  f^ij— containing  from  an  eighth  to 
a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

Liquor  Natri  Oxtvurtatict,  L.  Sod®  chlori- 
nates—  I.  Nervinus  Bangii,  Tinctura  ®  the  re  a 
camphorata  —  1.  Oleosus  Sylvii,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nia) aromaticus — L  Opii  sedativus,  (Haden's,)  see 
Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'tus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 


Battley.  It  is  said  to  be  an  aqueous  solution 
of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid 
of  the  acid  resin,  re-dissolved  in  water,  and 
a  small  portion  of  alcohol  added  to  give  it  per- 
manence.— Redwood.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of 
the  narcotic  effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Ovi  Albus,  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pancrea- 
ticus,  see  Pancreas  —  1.  Pericardii,  see  Pericar- 
dium—  1.  Plnmbi  acetatis,  L.  P.  subacetatis  —  L 
Plumbi  diacetatis,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subacbta'tis,  Liquor  Subaee- 
ta'tis  Lithar'gyri,  Solution  of  Subacetate  of  Lead, 
Liquor  Plumbi  Aceta'tis,  L.  P.  Diaeeta'tis,  Gou- 
lard's Ext rac' turn  Satur'ni,  Lithar'gyri  Ace' turn, 
(F.)  Liqueur  de  sous-acetate  de  Plomb.  (Plumb, 
acet.  J  xvj,  Plumb,  oxid.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  subtil. 
§ix88,  aq.  destillat.  Oiv.  Boil  together  in  a  glass 
or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hour,  occasionally 
adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the  mea- 
sure. Filter  through  paper,  and  keep  the  solu- 
tion in  closely  stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
used  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent,  and  dls- 
cutient,  when  diluted  with  distilled  water. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subacbta'tis  Dilu'tus,  Li- 
quor  Subaceta'tis  Lithar'gyri  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
Satur'ni,  Ace'tas  Plumbi  dilu'tum  alcohol'icum, 
Diluted  Solu'tion  of  Subac"etate  of  Lead,  Aqua 
veg"eto-minera'lis,  Tinctu'ra  plumbo'sa,  Aqua  Li- 
thar'gyri Aceta'ti  compos' ita,  Liquor  Plumbi  Ace- 
ta'tis dilu'tus,  Goulard  water,  (F.)  Eau,  blanche, 
Eau  de  Goulard,  Eau  vfgfto-mintrale,  White 
Wash,  Royal  Preventive.  (Liq.  plumbi  subacet. 
fjij,  aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Ph.  U.  8.)  Properties 
the  same  as  the  last,  but  feebler. 

Liquor  Potas'sa,  Aqua  Potas'sa,  Aqua  Kali 
Caust'iei,  Solution  of  Potash  or  of  Potassa,  Lix- 
iv'ium  magistra'li,  L.  Sapona'rium,  Soap  Lees, 
Aqua  Kali  puri,  Soap  Ley,  Lixiv'ium  eau'sticum, 
Potas'sa  liq'uida,  (F.)  Eau,  solution  ou  liqueur  de 
Potasse,  Potasse  liquids,  Lessive  dee  Savonniers. 
(Potassa  carb.  lbj,  calcis  Ibss,  aqua  destill.  fer- 
vent, congium.  Dissolve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the 
water,  and  add  the  remainder  of  the  lime.  Mix 
the  whole :  set  aside  in  a  cloye  vessel,  and,  when 
cold,  filter  through  calico.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  anti- 
lithio  in  cases  of  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid. 
Externally,  stimulant  and  escharotic.  Dose,  gtt. 
x  to  xx. 

Liquor  Potassa  Arsexitis,  L.  arsenicalis— 
1.  Potassae  Carbonatis,  L.  P.  Subcarbonatis. 

Liquor  Potassse  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate) 
of  Potassa,  Neutral  Mixture,  Saline  Mixture. 
(Succ.  Limon.  Oss,  Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s.)  sa- 
turate by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter;  or, 
Acid.  Citric  Jssj  01.  Limon.  Tt^.  ij ;  Aqua  Oss, 
Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s.;  dissolve,  saturate  by 
the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  in  fever,  but  probably  of  little  or  no  efficacy. 

Liquor  Potass jr  Subcarbona'tis,  L.  P.  Car- 
bonatis (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aqua  Subcarbonatis  Kali, 
O'leum  Tar'tari  per  deliq'uium,  Aqua  Kali,  Lix- 
iv'ium Tartari,  Aqua  Kali  prapara'ti,  Oil  of 
Tartar,  Saline  oil  of  Tartar,  Solu'tion  of  Subcar*- 
bonate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  sous-carbonate 
de  Potasse,  Lessive  de  Tartre,  (Potass.  subcarbt 
lbj,  aqua  destillat.  fgxij.  Dissolve  and  filter.) 
Dose,  gtt  x  to  xxx. 

Liquor  Potassii  Iodidi  seu  Potassa  Hydri- 
oda'tis,  Solution  of  Iodide  of  Potassium  or  of 
Hydriodate  of  Potase.  (Potassii  iodid.  gr.  36, 
aqua  destillat.  fjj.)  Dose,  gtt  xx,  three  times 
a  day. 

Liquor,  Propagatoby,  Sperm — L  Prestations, 
Prostatic  liqnor — 1.  Puris,  see  Pus. 

Liquor  Saxg'uisis.  A  term  given  by  Dr. 
Babington  to  one  of  the  constituents  of  the 
blood,  the  other  being  the  red  particles.  He 
considers,  from  hie  experiments  4iuA  4brin  and 


LIQUORICE 


020 


LITHODRASSIC 


semm  do  not  exist  as  such  in  circulating  blood, 
btK  that  the  Liquor  Sanguinis  —  Plasma,  of 
Sohultz,  Coagulable  or  plastic  Lymph,  the  Muca- 
go  or  Mucilage  of  Harvey,  Hewson  and  others — 
when  removed  from  the  circulation  and  no  longer 
subjected  to  the  laws  of  life,  has  then,  and  not 
before,  the  property  of  separating  into  fibrin  and 
serum.  It  is  the  oxyprotein  of  the  liquor  san- 
guinis, after  the  red  particles  have  subsided, 
and,  according  to  Mulder,  forms  the  buffy  coat 
of  inflammatory  blood. 

Liquor  op  Scarpa,  Vitrine  auditive. 

Liquor  Sbm'inis.  The  homogeneous,  transpa- 
rent fluid,  in  which  the  spermatozoa  and  seminal 
granules  are  suspended. — Wagner.     Bee  Sperm. 

Liquor  SodjE  Chloridi,  L.  sodas  chlorinate. 

Liquor  Sodjb  Chlorin a'tm,  L.  soda  chlo'ridi, 
L.  soda  oocymuriat'ica,  L.  chlore'ti  natri,  L.  chlo- 
rureti  natri,  L.  chloreti  soda,  L.  chlorure'ti  soda, 
Nairum  chlora'tum  liq'uidum,  L.  natri  oxymuri- 
at'ici,  Aqua  natri  oxymuriat'ici,  Labarraque's 
Disinfecting  Liquid,  Solution  of  Chlorinated 
Soda.  (Culcis  uhlorinat.  ft j ;  Soda  Carbonat. 
fbjj j  Aqua  cong.  iss.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 
soda  in  three  pints  of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat  To  the  remainder  of  the  water  add,  by 
small  portions  at  a  time,  the  chlorinated  lime, 
previously  well  triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each  addition.  Set  the  mixture  by  for  se- 
veral hours,  that  the  dregs  may  subside ;  decant 
the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda.  Lastly,  decant  the  clear  li- 
quor from  the  precipitated  carbonate  of  lime,  pass 
it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  keep  it  in  bottles 
secluded  from  the  light  j  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime.  Internally, 
10  drops  to  a  fluidrachm,  for  a  dose.  Diluted 
with  water,  it  is  an  excitant  and  disinfectant  in 
various  morbi  externi. 

Liquor  Sodas  Effervescens,  Aoidulous  wa- 
ter, simple  —  1.  Sodae  Oxymuriaticse,  L.  sods 
chlorinate — 1.  Stypticus  Ruspini,  Styptic,  Ruspi- 
si's — 1.  Sulphuricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus  setheris 
sulphurici  —  1.  Swietenis,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
riatiB  —  1.  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis — L  Tartari  emetici,  Vinum  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  1.  of  Van  Swieten,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. 

Liquor  Volat'ilis  Cornu  Ceryi,  L.  volat'ilis 
Cornu  Cervi'ni,  Vol'atile  Liquor  of  Hartshorn, 
Spir'itus  Lumbrico'rum,  Spir*ittis  Millepeda'rnm, 
Spir'itus  Cornu  Cervi,  Liquor  volat'ilit  os'sium; 
Hartshorn,  Spirit  of  Hartshorn,  Bone  Spirit,  (F.) 
Liqueur  volatile  de  Corne  de  cerf.  This  is  a  so- 
lution of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  impregnated 
with  empyreumatic  oil.  It  possesses  the  same 
virtues  as  the  subcarbonate  of  ammonia.  It  is  in 
common  use  to  smell  at,  in  faintings,  Ac. 

Liquor  Volatilis  Ossium,  L.  volatilis  cornu 
cervi. 

Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha 'tis  cum  Camph'ora, 
Aqua  Zinci  vitriola'ti  cum  Camphord,  Aqua  vi- 
triol'ica  camphora'ta,  Aqua  ophthal'mica,  Com- 
mon Eye  Water.  (Zinci  sulph.  3ss,  camphor,  glj, 
aq.  bullient.  Oij ;  dissolve  and  filter.)  Used  as  a 
lotion  for  ulcers  j  or,  diluted  with  water,  as  a  col- 
ly num. 

LIQUORICE,  Glycyrrhisa  —  1.  Bush,  Abrus 
precatorius  —  1.  Juice,  see  Glycyrrbiza — L  Re- 
fined, Extractum  glycyrrnizsa  —  1.  Spanish,  see 
Glycyrrhisa — L  Wild,  Aralia  nudicaulis,  Galium 
circaezans. 

LIQUORITIA,  Glycyrrhisa. 

LIRIODEN'DRON,  Liriodendron  tulipifera, 
Tulipifera  Lirioden'dron,  Old  wife's  shirt,  Tulip 
Tree,  Poplar  Tree,  Tulip-bearing  Poplar,  Ameri- 
can Poplar,  White  Wood,  Cypress  Tree,  (New 
England,)  (F.)  Tulipier.    The  bark  —  Lirioden- 


dron (Ph.  TJ.  S.)— especially  of  the  root,  of  this 
noble  forest  tree,  which  is  indigenous  in  the 
United  States,  is  a  strong  aromatic  bitter,  and 
has  been  employed  advantageously  as  a  tonic 
An  active  principle  was  separated  from  it  by  Pro- 
fessor J.  P.  Emmet  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  has  been  called  Lirioden'drin,  It  is  not 
used  in  medicine. 

LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  candidum— I  AsphodlU, 
Asphodelus  ramosus. 

LISERON,  GRAND,  Convolvulus  sepium — 
I.  des  Haies,  Convolvulus  sepium — I.  Mechameek, 
Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER,  see  Spa- 
radrapum  adhsesivum. 

LITE,  Am?.  A  plaster,  formerly  made  of  ver- 
digris, wax,  and  resin. —  Galen. 

LITHAGO'GUM,  from  Aifo,  'a  stone/  and 
ayia,  *  I  expel.'  A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi.  Abo, 
a  lithotomy  forceps. 

LITHANTHRAX,  Carbo  fossilis. 

LITHANTHROKOKALI,  AnthrakokalL 

LITHARGE,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitrenm — L 
of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — L  of 
Silver,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,  Liquor  plumbi  sub- 
acetatis 

LITHARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHARGYRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHAS,  Urate. 

LITHATE,  Urate— 1.  of  Soda,  Urate  of  soda. 

LITHEC'TASY,  from  Ai0o<,  'a  stone/  and 
txraais,  'dilatation;'  Cysttc'tasy.  An  operation 
which  consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the  blad- 
der by  dilating  the  neck  of  the  organ,  after  mak- 
ing an  incision  in  the  perineum,  and  opening  the 
mem  bran  one  portion  of  the  urethra. 

LITH'IA,  Lithi'asia,  Lithogen'ia,  Uri'asis, 
Urolithi'asi*,  Caehex'ia  calculo'sa,  Cal'culi  Mor- 
bus, Lapilla'tio,  Oenera'tio  cal'culi,  from  Aifoc,  'a 
stone.'  The  formation  of  stone,  gravel,  or  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small,  hard, 
and  stone-like  concretions. 

Lith'ia,  Car'boxate  of,  Liih'im  Cashomat, 
(F.)  Carbonate  de  Lithine.  A  salt  found  in  cer- 
tain mineral  waters,  which  have  been  serviceable 
in  lithuria.  Hence,  it  has  been  suggested  in  that 
morbid  condition. 

Lithia  Renalis  Arenosa,  Gravel — L  RenaHs, 
Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Yesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 

LITHLfi  CARBON  AS,  Lithia,  carbonate  of. 

LITHIASIS,  Lithia— 1.  Cystica,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical—  1.  Nephretica,  Gravel,  Nephrolithiasis. 

Ltthi'asis  Pulmo'sum,  Put  mo' nes  tartariia'ti. 
The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  lungs,  occa- 
sioning at  times  Phthisis  calculo'sa,  Phthisis  «rf- 
culeuse,  of  Bayle. 

Lithia8I8  Rbkalis  Arenosa,  Gravel — L  Re- 
nalis,  Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Yesicalis,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical. 

LITHIC,  Lith'icu*.  Same  etymon.  Belong- 
ing to  lithio  or  urio  acid,  or  to  stone:  hence 
Lithic  Diath'esis.     Also,  an  antilithic. 

Lithic  Acid,  Urio  acid — 1.  Acid  diathesis,  Li- 
thuria— 1.  Diathesis,  Lithuria— L  Sediments,  see 
Lithuria. 

LITHINE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car- 
bonate of. 

LITHIURIA,  Lithuria. 

LITHOCENOSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOCYSTOTOMY,  Lithotomy. 

LITHODIALYSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHODRAS'SIC,  Liikodras'siem;  (F.)  j 


LITHOQBNIA 


621 


LITHOTOMY 


drcuaique,  from  \tdos, '  a  stone/  and  ipaaetiv,  *  to 
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
Stone  forceps — Pince  lithodraaeique — used  in  the 
operation  of  lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and  Tan- 
ohou. 

LITHOGENIA,  Lithia. 

LITHOID,  Litho'dee,  LithoVdee;  from  \i6o<, 
'stone/  and  eiSot,  'resemblance.'  Of  the  nature 
of  stone,  or  resembling  stone :  as 

LITHOIDES  OS,  see  Temporal  bone. 

LITHOLABE,  (F.)  Lithol'abum.  An  instru- 
ment, employed  for  laying  hold  of  a  stone  in  the 
bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  that  litbotritic 
instruments  oan  act  upon  it 

LITHOLABON,  Forceps,  (Lithotomy.) 

LITHOL'ABUM,  from  XiBot,  'a  stone/  and 
\ap0avia,  'I  seize.'  An  instrument  concerned  in 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.  It  had  va- 
rious shapes.  —  Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente,  Hil- 
danns.    See  Litholabe. 

LITHOME'TRA,  from  Xi0of,  'a  stone/  and 
ftvrpa,  'the  uterus.'  Osseous,  or  other  concre- 
tions of  the  uterus. 

LITHONLYTIC,  Lithontriptie. 

LITHONTHRYPTIC,  Lithontriptie. 

LITHONTRIP'TIC,  Lithontrip'ticue,  Lithon- 
thryp'tic,  Lithonlyfie,  Caleulif'rague,  Saxif'ra- 
out,  from  Aiflof,  '  a  stone/  and  Spurns,  '  I  break 
in  pieces.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of 
dissolving  calculi  in  the  urinary  passages.  There 
is  not  much  niiance  to  be  placed  upon  such  re- 
medies. By  antilithie*,  exhibited  according  to 
the  chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (see  Cal- 
culi, urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented  from 
increasing;  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lithontriptics 
for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  formed  have 
been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  encomiums 
which  have  accompanied  their  introduction. 

LITIIOP^'DION,  Infant  lapide'ue,  Osteope- 
dion, from  X<£ot,  'a  stone/  and  vat;,  'a  child.' 
A  foetus,  petrified  in  the  body  of  the  mother. 

LJTHOPRINIE,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOPRIONE,  from  Ai0©f,  'a  stone/  and 
vpuav,  '  a  saw.'  An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroy  for  preventing  the  fragments  of  a  calculus, 
when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into  the 
bladder.     It  is  a  variety  of  litholabe. 

LITHORINEUR,  from  \t$os,  'a  stone/  and 

Svtiv,  'to  file.'    An  instrument,  proposed  by  MM. 
[eirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down  calculi  in 
the  bladder. 
*   LITHOS,  Calculus. 

LITHOSPER'MUM  OFFICINALE,  Mil'ium 
Soli*,  jEgon'ychon,  Oromwell,  Bastard  Al'kanet, 
(F.)  QrSmil  officinal,  Herbe  aux  Perles.  The 
seeds  of  this  plant  were  formerly  supposed,  from 
their  stony  hardness,  (Xt&os,  'a  stone/  and  avepfta, 
'seed,')  to  be  efficacious  in  calculous  affections. 
They  have,  also,  been  considered  diuretic 

Lithospermum  Villosum,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

LITHOTERE'THRUM,  from  XiBos,  'stone/ 
and  Ttptiv.  'to  rub/    A  Iithotritor. 

LITHOTHRYPSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTHRYPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTOME,  Lithot'omus,  from  AiSoj,  'a 
stone/  and  rcpy*,  '  I  cut'  This  name  has  been 
given  to  a  number  of  instruments  of  different 
shapes  and  sizes,  which  are  used  in  the  opera- 
tion for  the  stone,  to  cut  the  neck  or  body  of  the 
bladder.  They  ought,  with  more  propriety,  to  be 
called  Cystotomes. 

The  Lithotome  Cachi  of  Frere  Come  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  still  occasionally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  a  handle,  and  a  flattened  sheath, 
slightly  curved :  in  this  there  is  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  be  foroed  out,  by  pressing  upon  a  6a*- 


euU  or  lever,  to  any  extent  that  may  be  wished 
by  the  operator. 

A  Double  Lithotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren 
in  his  bilateral  operation.     See  Lithotomy. 

LITHOT'OMIST.  Srfme  etymon.  Lithot'o- 
mus. One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  ope- 
rating for  the  stone.  One  who  practises  litho- 
tomy. 

LITHOT'OMY,  Litkotom'ia,  Cystotom'ia,  Uro- 
lithotom'ia,  Sectio  vesica' lis,  Lithoeystofomy,  same, 
etymon.  (F.)  TaiUe.  The  operation  by  which  a 
stone  is  extracted  from  the  bladder.  The  dif- 
ferent methods,  according  to  which  this  opera- 
tion may  be  practised,  are  reducible  to  five  prin- 
cipal ;  each  of  which  has  experienced  numerous 
modifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Celsus,  Meth'odus  Cclsia'na, 
Cystotom'ia  cum  appara'tu  parvo,  Appara'tu*  Mi- 
nor, Cutting  on  the  Gripe.  This  consisted  in  out- 
ting  upon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it  project 
at  the  perinaaum  by  means  of  the  fingers  intro- 
duced into  the  rectum.  This  method  was  at- 
tended with  several  inconveniences ;  such  as  the 
difficulty  of  dividing  the  parts  neatly,  injury  done 
to  the  bladder,  as  well  as  the  impossibility  of 
drawing  down  the  stone  in  many  persons.  It  is 
sometimes,  also,  called  Meth'odus  Gvytonia'na ; 
from  Guy  de  Chauliao  having  endeavoured  to 
remove  from  it  the  discredit  into  which  it  had 
fallen  in  his  time.  It  was  termed  Apparatus  Mi- 
nor, (F.)  Le  petit  appareil,  from  the  small  num- 
ber of  instruments  required  in  it 

2.  Apparatus  Major.  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  by  John  de  Romani,  a  surgeon 
of  Cremona,  and  communicated  by  him  to  Mari- 
ano-Santo-di-Barletta,  whence  it  was  long  called 
Mariano's  Method,  Sec'tio  Maria'na.  It  was 
called,  also,  Apparatus  Major,  and  Cystotom'ia  vel 
Meth'odu*  cum  appara'tu  magno,  (F.)  Le  grand 
appareil,  from  the  number  of  instruments  re- 
quired in  it  An  incision  was  made  on  the  me- 
dian line  ;  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder  was  not 
comprehended  in  it  It  was  merely  dilated.  The 
greater  apparatus  was  liable  to  many  inconveni- 
ences, such  as  ecchymoses;  contusion;  inflam- 
mation of  the  neck  of  the  bladder;  abscesses; 
urinary  fistula;  incontinence  of  urine;  impo- 
tence, Ac. 

3.  The  High  Operation,  Apparatus  altut,  Oys- 
totom'ia  cum  apparatu  alto,  0.  Hypogas'trica, 
Epicystotom'ia,  Laparoeystotom'ia,  Sectio  sea 
Meth'odu*  Franeonia'na,  S.  Hypogas'trica,  S. 
alto,  (F.)  Haut  appareil,  Taille  Hypogastrique, 
Taille  eus-pubienne,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
Franco,  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century. 
It  consisted  in  pushing  the  stone  above  the  pubis 
by  the  fingers  introduced  into  the  rectum.  Rons- 
set  afterwards  proposed  to  make  the  bladder  rise 
above  the  pubis  by  injecting  it  The  method  had 
fallen  into  discredit,  when  Frere  COme  revived  it 
It  is  used  when  the  calculus  is  very  large.  It 
was  practised  by  opening  first  the  membranous 
part  of  the  urethra  upon  the  catheter  passed  into 
the  canal.  Through  this  incision,  the  Sonde  & 
dard — a  species  of  catheter,  having  a  spear- 
pointed  stilet — was  introduced  into  the  bladder. 
An  incision  was  then  made  into  the  linea  alba, 
above  the  symphysis  pubis,  of  about  four  or  five 
fingers'  breadth,  and  the  peritoneum  detached 
to  avoid  wounding  it  The  stilet  was  pushed 
through  the  bladder,  and  used  as  a  director  for 
the  knife,  with  which  the  bladder  was  divided 
anteriorly,  as  far  as  the  neck ;  and  the  stone  ex- 
tracted. It  was  performed  in  England  by  Doug- 
lass, in  1719,  and  since  by  others,  with  various 
modifications. 

4.  The  Lateral  Operation,  Hypocysteotom'iOj 
Cyatotom'ia  lateralis,  Cystauchenotom'ia,  Cysto* 


LITHOTRKSIS 


traehelot&m'ia,  UrethrocystaueJunotom' ia,  Ure- 
throeystcotrachelotom'ia,  See'tio  latera'lie,  Appa- 
ratus latera'lie,  (F.)  Appareil  lateralis^,  so 
named  from  the  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  the 
bladder  being  cut  laterally,  was  probably  in- 
vented by  Peter  Franco.  It  was  introduced  into 
France  by  Frere  Jacqnee  de  Beaulieu.  He  per- 
formed it  with  rude  instruments,  invented  by 
himself,  and  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  some 
of  the  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it  re- 
ceived its  earliest  and  most  important  improve- 
ments from  the  celebrated  Cheselden.  It  is  the 
method  practised  at  the  present  day,  according 
to  different  modes  of  procedure.  In  this  method, 
the  patient  is  placed  upon  a  table ;  his  legs  and 
thighs  are  bent  and  separated ;  the  hands  being 
tied  to  the  feet  The  perinseum  ia  then  shaved, 
and  a  staff  ia  introduced  into  the  bladder ;  the 
handle  being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of 
the  patient  An  oblique  incision  ia  now  made 
from  the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn 
from  the  anus  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium 
of  the  left  side ;  and  taking  the  staff  for  a  guide, 
the  integuments,  areolar  tissue  of  the  perineum, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversua 
perinaoi  muscle,  bulbo-cavernosus,  some  fibres  of 
the  levator  ani,  the  prostate  and  neck  of  the 
bladder,  are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bistouri  ou  Lithotome  Cachi,  cutting  gor- 
get, Ac,  is  used,  according  to  the  particular  pre- 
ference. The  forceps  are  now  introduced  into 
the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In  the 
operation,  oare  must  be  taken  not  to  injure  the 
rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distributed 
to  the  perinsBum. 

A  variety  of  the  Lateral  Apparatus,  called  by 
the  French  Appareil  lateral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  bae-fond  of  the  bladder,  without  touch- 
ing the  neck  of  that  organ :  but  it  was  soon 
abandoned,  on  account  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  method  of  Le  Cat  and  of  Pajola — Urethro- 
eyeteo-aneuryematotom'ia —  consists  in  dividing 
the  prostate  in  part  only,  —  the  enlargement  of 
the  wound  being  effected  by  a  peculiar  dilator. 

The  Bilateral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
Celsus.  It  consists  in  making  an  incision  poste- 
rior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  sides  of  the  perinsaum 
by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  incision 
Is  then  made  through  the  membranous  part  of 
the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  may  be  cut  bilate- 
rally, either  with  the  double  lithotome  of  Dupuy- 
tren,  or  the  prostatic  biseotor  of  Dr.  Stevens,  of 
New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  by  the  Rectum,  Proetoeyetotom'ia, 
See'tio  recto-veeica'lis,  (F.)  Taille  par  la  Rectum, 
Taille  poeiirieure,  T.  Recto-vteicale.  This  was 
proposed  by  Vegetius  in  the  16th  century ;  but  it 
was  never  noticed  until  M.  Sanson,  in  the  year 
1817,  attracted  attention  to  it;  since  which  time 
U  has  been  successfully  performed  in  many  in- 
stances. It  consists  in  penetrating  the  bladder 
through  the  paries  corresponding  with  the  rec- 
tum, by  first  cutting  the  sphincter  am  and  rectum 
about  the  root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  the 
bladder  by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the 
prostate, — or  by  its  ba$-fona\ 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of  the 
urethra,  is  a  comparatively  insignificant  operation. 
Lithotomy  bt  tub  Rectum,  see  Lithotomy— L 
by  the  Vagina,  see  Lithotomy. 
LITHOTRESIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITES,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITEURS,  see  Lithotrity. 


Ml  LIVE* 

LTTHOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITIIOT'RITY,  LithotWtia,  Litiotrypf, 
Lithotripsy,  Lithotkrip'ey,  Lithothryptis.  Litho- 
trefeie,  Lithotripsy's,  Lithoeemo'eie,  LithodiaVyeio, 
Lithoprinie,  from  A*5«r,  'a  stone,'  and  rpeffe,  'I 
break.'  The  operation  of  breaking  or  bruising 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  performed, 
of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  after 
them,  by  English  and  American  surgeons.  The 
instruments  employed  for  this  purpose  are  called, 
in  the  abstract,  Lithotrites,  Lithotriteurs.  Lithe?- 
ritors,  Lithotriptore,  and  Lithothryptore.  Tlie 
most  celebrated  are  those  of  CiviaJe,  Jaeobeon, 
Heurteloup  and  Weiss.  See  Briee-Pierre  articmU^ 
and  Percuteur  d  Jfarteau, 

LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from  \t9*,  'a  stone/  «*- 
ide,  and  evpev,  'urine.'  The  discharge  of  urine 
containing  lithie  or  xanthie  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,  Lithhfria,  Lithourorrhfe  (Pi- 
orry;)  from  AiGo*,  'a  stone,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.' 
Lithie  Diath'eeie,  Lithie  Acid  Diatketi*.  The> 
condition  of  the  system  and  of  the  urine  in  which 
deposits  of  lithie  "acid  and  the  lithates  —  Lithie 
sediments — take  place  from  the  urine.   See  Urine. 

LITHUS,  Calculus. 

LITMUS,  Lichen  roccella. 

LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litra.  A  measure  containing  a  cubed 
decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1135  pints. 
The  ancients  gave  the  name  litra,  Xirpo,  to  a 
measure  capable  of  containing  16  ounces  of 
liquid. 

LITSiEA  CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba  —  L  Pipe- 
rita, Piper  cubeba. 

LIT  US,  Liniment 

LIvMCHE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LIVER,  Sax.  lipep,  ffepar,  Jecur,  Jec"inwt, 
(F.)  Foie.  The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the 
body.  It  is  an  azygous  organ;  un symmetrical; 
very  heavy ;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour  ;  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium, 
and  a  part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  corre- 
sponds to  the  diaphragm ;  below,  to  the  stomach, 
transverse  colon,  and  right  kidney;  bihind,  to 
the  vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
be/ore,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex 
and  concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes, — a  large  or  right  or  colic 
lobe; — a  letter  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lobe,  the 
Lobulus  Spigelii, — and  a  middle  or  /e/r  lobe.  At 
its  inferior  surface,  are  observed: — 1.  A  Smh* 
or  Furrow  or  Fissure,  called  horizontal  or  longi- 
tudinal, Great  fieeure,  Fossa  Umbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal,  S.  de  la  veine  cm- 
bilieale,  Sulcus  anteroposterior  Jec'oris,  &  hori- 
zonta'lis  Jec'orie,  S.  longitudinal  lie  Jeeoris,  & 
einie'ter  Jeeorie,  S.  Umbilica'Us,  which  lodges,  m 
the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  venosas. 
2.  The  Principal  Fissure,  termed  Sulcus  Trens- 
versus  vel  Sinus  Porta'rum,  Fieeure  of  the  Vena 
porta,  Portal  Fieeure,  (F.)  Sillon  transversal  om 
de  la  veine  porte,  which  receives  the  sinus  of  the 
vena  porta.  3.  The  Fieeure  of  the  Vena  Cam*  la- 
fe'rior,  Sillon  de  la  veine  cate  inftrieure,  situate 
at  the  posterior  margin  of  the  organ,  and  lodging 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  4.  The  Lobulus  Spige'lii, 
or  posterior  portal  eminence.  5.  The  anterior  por- 
tal eminence,  Auri'ga  vel  Lobulus  anon'ymue.  6. 
Depressions  corresponding  to  the  upper  surface 
of  the  stomach,  gall-bladder,  arch  of  the  colon, 
right  kidney,  Ac.  Continued  from  the  fossa  um- 
bilicalis  is  a  small  fo5sa,  called  Foeea  Duetto  F«- 
no'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobulus  Spigelii 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is  very  thick ; 
much  more  so  than  the  anterior.  The  liver  is 
surrounded  by  a  serous  or  peritoneal  coverinfr 


LIVER 


5*8 


LOBELIA 


which  forms  for  H  a  suspensory  or  broad  ligament 
and  two  lateral  and  triangular  ligaments.  See 
Falx.  The  blood-vessels  of  the  liver  are  very 
numerous.  The  hepatio  artery  and  vena  porta 
famish  it  with  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutri- 
tion and  the  secretion  of  bile.  The  hepatic  veins 
convey  away  the  blood,  which  has  served  those 
purposes.  The  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  nume- 
rous ;  some  being  superficial ;  others  deep-seated. 
The  nerves  are,  also,  numerous,  and  proceed  from 
the  pneumogastrio,  diaphragmatic,  and  from  the 
hepatio  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  has  been  well  studied.  When  cut,  it  pre- 
vents a  poious  appearance,  owing  to  the  division 
of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When  torn,  it 
seems  formed  of  granulations;  —  the  intimate 
structure  of  which  has  given  rise  to  many  hypo- 
theses. In  these  granulations  are  contained  the 
radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  bile  ;  the 
union  of  which  constitutes  the  hepatic  duct.  Ac- 
cording to  M.  Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure 
consists  of  a  number  of  lobules  composed  of  in- 
tralobular or  hepatio  veins,  which  convey  the 
blood  back  that  has  been  inservient  to  the  secre- 
tion of  bile.  The  interlobular  plexus  of  veins  is 
formed  by  branches  of  the  vena  porta,  which  con- 
tain both  the  blood  of  the  vena  porta  and  of  the 
hepatic  artery ;  both  of  which,  according  to  Mr. 
Kiernan,  furnish  the  pabnlum  of  the  biliary  se- 
cretion. The  biliary  ducts  form  likewise  an  inter- 
lobular plexus,  having  an  arrangement  similar  to 
that  of  the  interlobular  veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's 
views  are  embraced  by  many  anatomists;  but 
are  denied  by  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  organ,  which,  indepen- 
dently of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the  hepa- 
tio artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena  porta. 
The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena  porta  is  the 
fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst  that  of  the  artery 
affords  blood  for  the  nutrition  of  the  liver.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  bile  is  secreted  by  the 
latter  vessel. 

The  liver  is  liable  to  a  number  of  diseases. 
The  principal  are  —  Hepati'tis  or  inflammation, 
cancer,  biliary  calculi,  encysted  and  other  tumours 
or  tubercles,  hydatids,  <fcc ;  and  it  has,  at  times, 
been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as  the  cause  of 
symptoms  with  which  it  is  in  no  wise  connected. 

Liver,  Hepar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  soveral  substances,  having  a  brownish 
colour,  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver ;  and  com- 
posed of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See  Po- 
tass® Sulphuretum,  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

Liver  of  Antimony  is  the  semi-vitreous  sul- 
phuret,  Ac. 

Liver  Disease,  Hepatopathia— L  Patty,  Adi- 
posis hepatica — 1.  Gin,  L.  nutmeg — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers', L.  nutmeg-1.  Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

Liter-Grown,  Tu'mido  jec'ori  pros' ditu*. 
Having  a  large  liver. 

Liver,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver  —  L 
Mammillated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

Liver,  Nutmeg,  Tu'beriform  liver.  An  ap- 
pearance of  the  liver  when  cut  across,  resembling 
that  of  the  section  of  a  nutmeg;  supposed  by 
some  to  be  the  result  of  intemperance  in  the  use 
of  alcoholio  drinks;  but  occurring  under  other 
causes.  The  terms  whisky  liver,  gin-drinkers' 
liver,  and  gin  liver,  occasionally  applied  to  it, 
axe,  consequently,  not  distinctive. 

Liver  Spot,  Chloasma  — L  Tubereulated,  Cir- 
rhosis of  the  liver  —  1.  Tuberiform,  L.  nutmeg  — 
L  Weed,  Hepatica  triloba— 1.  Whisky,  L.  nutmeg 
— L  Wort,  Hepatica  triloba,  Marchantia  poly- 
morphs—  1.  Wort,  ground,  ash-coloured,  Lichen 
eaninus — 1.  Wort,  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandiouj— 
L  Wort,  noble,  Hepatica  triloba. 


LTYIDUS  MT7SCULUS,  Pectinate. 
LIYOR,  Suggillation— 1.  Sanguineus,  see  Eo- 
ohymoma. 
LIVRE,  Pound. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,  Potassse  tartrag 
—  1.  Vitriolata,  Potassse  sulphas  — L  Vitriolata 
sulphurea,  Potassse  sulphas  cum  sulphure. 

LIXIVLffi  seu  KALICUM  ACETAS,  Potasss» 
aoetas. 

LIXIV'IAL,  Lixivio'sus,  from  lixivium,  'lee.' 
(P.)  Lixivial,  Lixivieux.  An  ancient  term  for 
salts  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — such 
as  the  fixed  alkalies. 

L I X I V I  A' T 1 0  N,  Elixivia'tion,  Lixivia'tio. 
Same  etymon.  An  operation  which  consists  in 
washing  wood-ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve 
the  soluble  parts.    The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIVIUM,  Lixiv'ia,  Con'ia,  Lee,  Ley,  Lye, 
(F.)  Lessive.  Any  solution  containing  potass 
or  soda— Sal  lixivio'swn — in  excess;  from  lix, 
<  potash.' 

Lixrvnrif  Axyortacalb,  Liquor  ammonite  — 
1.  Ammoniaeale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonia* 
aromaticus  —  1.  Causticum,  Liquor  potassse — 1. 
Magistrate,  Liquor  potasses —  1.  Saponarium,  Li- 
quor potass©  —  1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potass®  sub* 
carbonatis. 

LIZARD,  Laeer'ta,  Lacer'tue,  said  to  be  so 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling  the 
arms  (lacerti)  of  man  (?).  Saura,  Sauroe,  (F.) 
LSnard.  Lizards  were  formerly  employed  in  me- 
dicine as  sudorifios ;  and  were,  at  one  time,  ex- 
tolled in  syphilis,  cutaneous  affections,  and  in 
cancer. 

LIZARD'S  TAIL,  Saururus  cernuus. 

LOADSTONE,  Magnet 

LOATHING,  Disgust 

LOB  ARIA  ISLANDICA,   Lichen   Islandieus    , 
—  1.  Pulmonaria,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1.  Saxa- 
tilis,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

LOBE,  Lobus.  A  round,  projecting  part  of  an 
organ.  The  liver,  lungs,  and  brain,  for  example, 
have  lobes. 

Lobe  of  the  Ear,  Lob'ule  of  the  Ear,  is  a  soft, 
rounded  prominence,  which  terminates  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and  which 
is  pierced  m  those  who  wear  rings. 

The  under  surface  of  the  brain  is  divided  into 
two  anterior,  two  lateral,  two  posterior,  and  two 
intermediate  lobe*  or  processes.  These  Chaussier 
calls  lobules  of  the  Drain:  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres he  terms  lobes. 

Lobe,  Biteh'tral.  A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 
the  cerebellum,  situate  behind  the  amygdala. 

LOBE  DOUD&NAL,  Lobulus  Spigelii  —  L 
PancrSatique,  Lobulus  Spigelii — I.  Petit  du  foie, 
Lobulus  Spigelii — I.  de  Spigel,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 

LOBELIA,  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica, 

Lobe'lia  Cardiba'lib,  Lobelia  coccin'ea,  Tra- 
che'lium  Ameri'canum,  Cardinal  Plant,  Cardi- 
nal Flower,  Scarlet  Lobelia.  This  species  is  also 
indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It  blooms  in 
autumn,  having  beautiful  carmine  flowers.  The 
root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with  the  Indians. 

Lobelia  Coccinea,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobe'lia  Ictla'ta,  Indian  Tobae'co,  Wild  To- 
bae'co, Puke  Weed,  Asthma  Weed,  Eyebright, 
Emetic  Weed,  Lobe'lia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  The  promi- 
nent virtues  of  this  American  plant  are  those  of 
an  emetic.  In  smaller  doses  it  is  sedative,  and 
has  been  given  as  a  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma, 
Ac.  It  is,  also,  Budorifio  and  cathartic,  and  is 
an  acronarootio  poison.  Twenty  grains  act  as  am 
emetic. 

Lobelia  Pnrrro'LiA.  A  South  African  plant, 
Nat.  Ord.  Campanulacese,  the  root  of  which  is 
excitant  and  diaphoretic    A  decoction  of  it  if 


LOBES 


624 


LCEMOLOGY 


sometimes  used  in  the  Cape  Colony  ai  a  domestic 
remedy  in  cutaneous  affections,  chronic  rheuma- 
tism, and  gout. 

Lobelia,  Scarlet,  L.  Cardinalia. 

Lobelia  Syphilitica,  Lobelia  re/lex'a,  Ra- 
nun' cuius  Virginia' }nus,  Bapun'tium  Syphiliti- 
cum, Blue  Lobelia,  Blue  Cardinal  Flower.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  is  indigenous  in  the 
United  States,  is  an  emotic  and  drastic  cathartic. 
It  has  been  used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name. 
The  mode  of  preparing  it  is  to  boil  ^ss  of  the 
dried  root  in  Oxij  of  water,  until  the  fluid  is  re- 
duced to  Oviij.     Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES,  CEREBRAL,  see  Lobe. 

Lobes  of  the  Liter,  Pinna  seuZoWseuPtV- 
nula  He' pads.     See  Lobule. 

Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

LOBI  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  ■—  L  Pul- 
monum,  see  Pal  mo. 

LOB'  U  LAR,  Lobula'ris.  Same  etymon  as  Lo- 
bule. Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule :  —  as 
lobular  pneumonia,  (F.)  Pneumonie  lobulaire,  P. 
mamelonnSe,  P.  dissiminie.  Pneumonia  anatomi- 
cally characterixed  by  nuclei  of  red  or  gray  hepa- 
tization disseminated  in  variable  numbers  in  one 
or  both  lungs. 

Lobular  Biliary  Plexus.  The  plexus  formed 
of  lobular  hepatic  ducts,  which  are  derived  ohiefly 
from  the  interlobular.  Thia  plexus  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  substance  of  the  lobule. 

Lobular  Venous  Plexus.  The  plexus  inter- 
posed between  the  interlobular  portal  veins,  and 
the  intralobular  hepatio  vein. 

LOB'ULE,  Lob'ulus,  diminutive  of  Lobus.  A 
little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term  lobule  for 
an  acinus  of  the  liver  of  many  anatomists. 

Lobule  of  the  Corpus  Striatum,  Insula  ce- 
rebri—1.  of  the  Ear,  Lobe  of  the  Ear  —  1.  of  the 
Fissure  of  Sylvius,  Insula  cerebri  —  1.  Pneumo 
gastric,  Flocculus. 

LOBULE  DU  FOIE,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 

LOBULUS  ACCESSORIUS  ANTERIOR 
QUADRATUS,  L.  anonymus. 

Lob'ulus  seu  Lob  us  Anon'ymus,  L.  accesso'- 
rius  ante'rior  quadra' tin,  L.  quadra' tus,  (F. ) 
Eminence  porte  antirieure.  This  is  situate  in  the 
liver  between  the  passage  for  the  round  ligament 
and  the  gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but 
broader,  than  the  Lobulus  caudatus.  From  the 
lobulus  anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  pas- 
sage for  the  round  ligament  It  is  called  Pone 
vel  Isthmus  he'patis. 

Lobulus  seu  L0BU8  Cauda'tus,  Processus 
caudatus.  This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the 
angles  of  the  lobulus  Spigelii,  advancing  towards 
the  middle  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe, 
and  representing  a  kind  of  tail.  Also,  the  termi- 
nation of  the  helix  and  anthelix  of  the  ear,  which 
is  separated  from  the  concha  by  an  extensive 
fissure. 

Lob'ulus  Cbntra'lis.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situate  in  the  incisure  anterior. 

Lobulus  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  1.  Pneumogastri- 
CU8,  Flocculus — 1.  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Pos- 
ticus papillaris,  L.  Spigelii  —  L  Quadratus,  L. 
anonymus. 

Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Spige'lit,£.  j>o»fo'rtor,  L. 
posti'cus  papilla' tut,  (F.)  Eminence  porte  posti- 
tieure,  Lobule  ou  Petit  lobe  dufoie,  Lobe  de  Spi- 
gel,  Loh*  duodenal,  L.  pancriatique,  is  situate 
near  tne  spine,  upon  the  left  side  of  the  great 
lobe  of  the  liver,  and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape, 
projecting,  like  a  nipple,  between  the  cardia  and 
vena  cava,  at  the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
LOBUS,  Lobe,  see  Lobulus. 
LOCAL,  Loca'lh,  Top'icut,  Mer'icus,  Partia'lii, 
Top'ieaU  (F.)  Locale,  Topiqus,    An  affection  is 


called  local — Morbus  Loca'lis, — when  confined 
to  a  part,  without  implicating  the  general  system; 
or,  at  all  events,  only  secondarily.  Local  is  thus 
opposed  to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.    See  Topical. 

LOCH,  Looch. 

LOCUADES,  sec  Sclerotic 

LOCHI'A  or  LO'CHIA,  Purgamen'ta  Pmerpe'- 
rii  seu  Vteri,  Purga'tio  puerpe'rii,  Lyma,  from 
Xo^of,  'a  woman  in  childbed,-'  (F.)  Suites  de 
couches,  Vidapges.  The  cleansings.  A  serous 
and  sanguineous  discharge  following  delivery. 
During  the  first  two  or  three  days,  it  is  bloody  j 
but  afterwards  becomes  green-coloured,  and  ex- 
hales a  disagreeable  and  peculiar  odour.  The 
duration,  quantity,  and  character  of  the  discharge 
vary  according  to  numerous  circumstances.  It 
flows  from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which  formed  a 
medium  of  communication  between  the  mother 
and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from  14  to  21 
days.     See  Parturition. 

LOCHIOCCELIITIS,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIODOCHIUM,  Lochodochium. 

LOCHIOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIORRHAG"IA,from  Xox««»  and  pryiTfti, 
'  I  make  an  irruption.'  An  immoderate  flow  of 
the  lochia.  Hemorrhage  from  the  uterus  in  the 
child-bed  state. 

LOCHIORRHCE'A,  from  Xovrta,  'the  lochia,' 
and  pev,  *  I  flow.'     Discharge  of  the  lochia. 

LOCHIORUM  RETENTIO,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHIOSCHESIS,  Isoholochia. 

LOCHOCH,  Looch, 

LOCHODOCHI'UM,  Lochiodockium,  from 
Xogoc,  '  a  female  in  childbed.'  and  Stx^ftat,  '  I  re- 
ceive/ An  institution  for  the  reception  of  preg- 
nant and  childbed  females.    A  Lying-in-hospital. 

LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI,  Uterus  — 1.  Muliebres,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

LOCKED  JAW,  Trismus. 

LOCOMOTILITT,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCOMO'TION,  Locomo'tio,  from  locus,  'a 
place,  and  movere,  *  to  move.'  An  action  peculiar 
to  animal  bodies,  by  which  they  transport  them- 
selves from  place  to  place.  It,  as  well  as  museu- 
la'tion,  has  also  been  used  for  the  function  of  ani- 
mal movements.  The  faculty  is  sometimes  called 
Locomotiv'ity  and  Loeomotil'ity. 

Locomotion"  of  an  Artery,  is  the  movement 
produced  in  a  vessel  with  a  curvature,  by  the  im- 
pulse of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  to  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  tbs 
movement  in  question. 

LOCOMOTIVITY,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCUS  NIGER,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Brain. 

Locus  Perfora'tus  Anti'cus.  A  triangular 
flat  surface  of  the  brain,  which  corresponds  to  the 
posterior  extremity  of  each  olfactory  process. 

Locus  Perforatus  Posticus,  Tarini  pons. 

LOCUST,  BLACK,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia— 
1.  Eaters,  Acridophagi — 1.  Plant,  Cassia  Marilaa- 
dica — 1.  Tree,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia — L  Yellow, 
Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

LODOICEA,  see  Coco  of  the  Maldives. 

LOECHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Leak, 
mineral  waters  of. 

LCEME,  Plague. 

LCEMIA,  Plague. 

LCEMICUM,  see  Loemology. 

LQBMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 

LCEMOGRAPHY,  Loimography. 

LCEMOLOGIUM,  see  Loemology. 

LCEMOL'OGT,  Lcrmolog"ia,  from  XifX, 
'plague,'  and  Xoyor,  'a  description.'  The  doe* 
trine  of  plague  and  pestilential  diseases.  A  trea- 
tise on  the  same,. — Lco'micum,  L<xmolog"ium* 


LCEMOPHTHALMIA 


525 


LOOCH 


LCEMOPHTHALMIA,  see  Ophi 

L^MOPYRA,  Plague. 

LCEMOS,  Plague. 

LOGADES,  Sclerotic. 

LOGADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LOGIATROS,  Loqiater  ;  from  \oyos,  'a  word/ 
and  uirpof,  'a  physician.'  In  the  bad  sense,  a 
physician  without  experience;  a  mere  theorist. 
In  the  good  sense,  a  rational  physician ;  one  who 
treats  disease  according  to  theoretical  or  scien- 
tific principles. 

LOGOS,  Reason. 

LOGWOOD,  Hssmatoxylon  Campechianum. 

LOG"Y,  Xoyos,  '  a  description.'  A  suffix  de- 
noting 'a  treatise  or  description.'  Hence,  An- 
giofofjy  and  Neurotomy,  Ac 

LOHOCII,  Looch. 

LOIMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 

L  0 1 M  0  G'RAP  H  Y,  Loimographfia,  Lcemog'- 
raphy,  from  Xoi/ior,  '  plague/  and  ypafw,  *  I  de- 
scribe.' A  description  of  the  plague  and  pesti- 
lential diseases. 

LOIMOLOGY,  Lcemology. 

LOIMOS,  Plague. 

LOINS,  Lumbi. 

LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE,  Triti- 
cum  repens. 

LOLIUM  ANNUUM,  L.  temulentum. 

Lo'liuk  Temulknt'um,  L.  an'nuum,  Crepa'lia 
temulen'ta,  Bromue  temulen'tus,  Darnel  (F.J  Her- 
be  oVIvrogne,  A  species  of  the*  genus  Lolium, 
(F.)  Ieraie;  Fatn.  Grammes  ;  Sex.  Syet.  Trian- 
dria  digynia,  which  has  decidedly  poisonous  pro- 
perties; occasioning,  when  mixed  in  bread  or 
beer,  intoxication,  vertigo,  nausea,  and  vomiting. 

LO  MB  AIRE,  Lumbar. 

LOMBO- ABDOMINAL,  Transversalis  abdo- 
minis—  I.  Coital,  Serratus  posticus  inferior  —  I. 
Co»to-traehSlien,  Saoro-lumbalis — I.  Doreo-epinal, 
Transversalis  dorsi — I.  Doreo-trachHien,  Longis- 
simus  dorsi  —  I,  Humiral,  Latissimus  dorsi  —  I, 
SacrS,  Lumbo-sacral. 

LOMBRIC,  Ascaris  lumbriooides. 

LO  MB  RICO  IDE,  Ascaris  lumbriooides. 

LONCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LOXCHADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LOXCHITIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

LONG,  Longut,  Macro*.  That  which  is  much 
greater  in  length  than  in  breadth;  as  the  long 
bone:  The  epithet  is,  also,  applied  to  several 
muscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others  of  simi- 
lar function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter.  We 
say,  for  instance,  long  flexors,  and  long  extensors, 
in  opposition  to  ehort  flexors,  and  ehort  extensors. 

LONG  DU  COU,  Longus  colli— J.  du  Doe, 
Longissimu*  dorsi. 

LONGiEVUS,  Macrobiotic 

LONGANON,  Rectum. 

LONGAON,  Rectum. 

LONGAS,  Rectum. 

LONGEVITY,  Long*' vitas,  Macrobio'rie, 
Macrobi' otee.  The  prolongation  of  existence  to 
an  advanced  age.  Haller  collected  examples  of 
more  than  one  thousand  centenarians.  He  had 
knowledge  of  sixty-two  persons  aged  from  110  to 
120  years ;  of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  130  years; 
and  of  fifteen,  who  had  attained  from  130  to  140 
years.  Beyond  this  advanced  age,  examples  of 
longevity  are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  advanced 
ages  has  been  given : 

Lived,  Age, 
Apollonius  of  Tyana,  A.  D. . .       99 . .  130 

6t.Patrick 491. .122 

Attila 500.. 124 

UywarohHdn 500.. 150 


Lived,  Age. 

StCoemgene 618..  120 

Piastui,  King  of  Poland 861..  120 

Thomas  Parr 1635. .  152 

Henry  Jenkins 1670 . .  1 69 

Countess  of  Desmond 1612.  .145 

Thomas  Damme 1648.. 154 

Peter  Torten 1724.. 185 

Margaret  Patten 1739..  137 

John  Rovin  and  wife 1741 . .  172  and  164 

St  Monagh  or  Kentigen 1781. .  185 

Longevity  also  means  length  or  duration  of  life 
(F.)  Durie  de  la  vie.  The  mean  age  at  death 
(F.)  Vie  moyenne,  of  different  classes  and  profes- 
sions enables  an  estimate  to  be  formed  of  the 
expectation  or  value  of  life  in  each. 

LONGIS'SIMUS  DORSI,  Semi-epina'tue,  (F.) 
Lombo-doreo-trachilien,  Portion  costo-trachtlienn* 
du  sacrospinal,  (Ch.,)  Long  dorsal,  Long  du  dot, 
is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  and  fills,  in  a  great  measure,  the  vertebral 
furrows.  It  is  thick  and  almost  square  below ; 
thin  and  pointed  above.  It  is  attached  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the  transverse 
processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vertebrae, 
and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  7  or  8  ribs. 
It  maintains  the  vertebral  column  in  a  straight 
position ;  straightens  it  when  bent  forwards,  and 
can  even  carry  it  back.  It  also  assists  in  the  rota- 
tory motion  of  the  trunk. 

Longissimus  Fekoris,  Sartoriut  —  1.  Oculi, 
ObliquuB  superior  oculi. 

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

LONGUS  COLLI,  (F.)  Pri-doreo-cervical,  Prh 
doreo-atloidien,  (Ch.,)  Long  du  con.  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
vertebral  column.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  which  are 
pointed.  It  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  dorsal  and  last  six 
cervical  vertebra) ;  to  the  intervertebral  ligaments ; 
to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebra ;  and  to  the  tuber- 
cle on  the  anterior  arch  of  the  first.  This  muscle 
bends  the  cervioal  vertebra  upon  each  other  and 
upon  the  dorsal  vertebra).  If  the  upper  portion 
acts  on  one  side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  conse- 
quently, of  the  head  on  the  neck. 

LONICERA  GERMANICA,  L.  Periclymenum 
— 1.  Marilandica,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Lonice'ra  Periclym'bkuh,  L.  German' ica, 
Periclym'enum,  P.  vulga'ri,  Capri/o'lium,  C.  Peri- 
clym'enum ten  evlvat'icum  seu  distinct' urn,  Common 
Woodbine,  (F.j  Chlvre-feuille.  This  common 
plant  is  slightly  astringent  and  tonic,  and  was 
formerly  much  used  in  gargles. 

LOOCH,  Lohoch,  Loch,  Lochoch,  Look,  A  lino- 
tas.    See  Eolegma  and  Eclectos. 

Looch  absque  Emulsio'nE  Para'tuic,  Look 
pripari  sans  intuition;  Looch  prepared  without 
emulsion.  (Pulv.  g.  trag.  gr.  xvj  —  gr.  xxx,  of. 
amygd.  dulc.  Jss.,  eacchar.  Jj,  aqua  §irj,  aqum 
flor.  aurant.  £ij.  Mix  by  rubbing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)    Demulcent 

Looch  Album,  Looch  amygdali'mtm,  Linctve 
albue,  L.  amygdalinue,  L.  commu'nie,  E cleg' ma 
album,  Eclegma  gummo'so-oleo'sum,  (F.)  Looch 
blanc,  L.  b.  amygdaiin,  L.  b.  pectoral.  (Amygd, 
dulc.  §ss,  amygd,  amar.  No.  ij,  eacchar^alb.  jiv. 
Make  an  emulsion  by  gradually  adding  §iv  of 
water.  Then  take  pulv.  tragacanth,  gr.  xvj,  oU 
amygd.  dulc,  recent.  5ss,  eacch.  £ij.  Add  the 
almond  milk  gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards 
aq.  flor,  aurant,  £lj,  Ph.  P.)  It  is  demulcent 
and  peotoral. 

Looch  Auyqadlhcum,  L.  allum— J.  Blinc,  L. 


LOOCH 


526 


LUCCA 


album — 1  earn  Croco  et  pistaciis,  L.  viride —  1. 
of  Egg,  L.  ex  Ovo. 

Looch  ex  Ovo,  Potio  seu  emul'sio  seu  mietu'ra 
len'iens  sen  oleosa,  Looch  pectora'li  len'iens, 
Looch  of  Egg,  (F.)  Look  d'aeuf,  Looch  rouge, 
Emulsion  huileuse,  Mixture  calmante,  Potion  pec- 
toraU,  Lait  adoucissant.  (  VitelL  ovi.  recent.  3  as, 
oL  amygd.  dule.  5iss,  syrup.  althaVB,  Jj.  Rub  in 
a  mortar,  and  add  by  degrees,  aq.  jior.  aurant. 
gj,  aq.  papav.  rhaad.  ^g.  PA.  P.)  Virtues  the 
same  as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  RO UGE,  L. ex  Ovo— I  Vert,  L.  viride. 

Looch  Vir'idI,  Look  cum  croci  et  pista'ciis, 
(F.)  Looch  vert.  (Syrup.  Violar.  Jj,  tinct.  croci 
gU.  xx.  aquas  £ir.  Mix,  and  add  pistacia*  semin. 
sice.  Jvj.  Ph.  P.)    Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK,  Looch  —  L  <t(Eu/f  Looch  ex  oto  —  L 
Pripari  mm  imulsion,  Looch  absque  emulsione 
paratum. 

LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia 
nummulariar— L  s.  Four-leaved,  Lysimachia  quad- 
rifolia. 

LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea — L  of  the  Teeth, 
Odontopeisis. 

LOPEZ  RADIX,  Radix  lopexia'na,  Radix  In*- 
dica  lopexia'na.  The  root  of  an  unknown  Indian 
tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable  smell  or 
taste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous  matter. 
It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding,  in  cases  of 
colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  compares  its  ac- 
tion to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it  more 
efficacious. 

LOPHADIA,  Lophia. 

LOPHIA,  Lopha'dia.  The  first  vertebra  of 
the  back  —  Ver'tebra  dorsi  prima.  —  Gorraeus. 

LOPIMA,  Fagus  castanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garru'litas;  from  loquor,  'I 
speak.  (F.)  BabiUement.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is  sometimes  a  symptom  of 
disease,  and  is  observable  in  hysteria,  Ac. 

LOQUELA,  Voice,  articulated  —  1.  Abolita, 
Aphonia — 1.  Blsesa,  Balbuties — L  Lnpedita,  Ba- 
ryphonia. 

LORDO'SIS,  Lordo'ma,  from  Aofdof,  'curved,' 
'bent;'  Repanda'tio,Repanfditas.  A  name  given 
to  curvatures  of  the  bones  in  general ;  and  par- 
ticularly to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards; 
Spina  dorsi  intror'eum  fiexa,  Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
This  gives  rise  to  the  projection  of  the  sternum 
called  chicken-breasted  or  pigeon-breasted. 

LORIND  MATRI'CIS,  Epilepsia  uteri'na, 
Convulsi'vus  u'teri  morbus.  A  barbarous  name 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 

LORIPES,  see  Kyllosis. 

LOT,  Urine. 

LOTIO,  Enema,  Lotion — 1.  Saponaoea,  see 
Sapo. 

LO.'TION,  Lo'tio,  Lofu'ra,  from  lavare,  lotum, 
'to  wash.'  (F.)  Hydrolotif.  A  fluid  external 
application.  Lotions  are  ordinarily  applied  by 
wetting  linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on  the  part 
affected. 

Lono!f,  Barlow's,  Lotion  of  Sulph'uret  of 
potassium.  (R.  Potassii  sulphur.  £iij,  Sapon. 
Jies,  Aq.  Calcis,  f^viiss,  alcohol,  dilut.  f^ij.  M.) 
Used  in  various  chronio  cutaneous  diseases. 

Lotion,  Gowlahd's.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. (Bitter  almond*,  Jj,  sugar,  gij,  distilled 
water,  Ibij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor- 
rosive  sublimate,  J)ij,  previously  ground  with  ep. 
vini  rect.  5JU-)     Used  in  obstinate  eruptions. 

Zotion  ,Grakville's  Couhter-Irritaict,  Gran- 
ville's Lotion,  Granville's  antid'ynous  lotion.  Of 
this  lotion,  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forms — a 
milder,  and  a  stronger.  The  milder  is  made  as 
follows :  Liq.  ammon,  fort.  f£j,  Sp.  Rosmarin. 
f  £vj,  Tinct.  camphor,  f  JJij,  M. 

The  stronger  is  made  at  follows:  Liq.  ammon. 


fort.  f£x,  Spir.  Roemar.  t%m,  Timet,  camphor, 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  tunes,  or  a 
piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  Imbued  with  them, 
and  laid  for  a  few  minutes  on  the  part  to  be  irri- 
tated. 

Lotion,  Haxxat's,  Preventive  wash*  This 
famous  nostrum,  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  of 
caustic  potass. 

Lotion,  Hydrocyan'ic,  Lotio  Ae"idi  Hydro- 
cyan' id.  (Hydrocyanic  acidy  f giv,  rectified  spirit 
of  wine,  f  gj,  distilled  water,  f 5x88.)  Used  with 
much  success  in  impetigo,  Ac. 

Lotion,  Struve's,  for  Hooping-Cough.  (An- 
tim.  et  Potass,  tart.  3J,  Aqua,  Jij.  Add  tincL 
cantharid,  5j.) 

LOTIUmT  Urine. 

LOTURA,  Lotion. 

LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS,  Trifolium  melilotna— 
L  Virginiana,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

LOUCHEMENT,  Strabismus. 

LOUCHE  S,  see  Strabismus. 

LOUPE,  Wen. 

LOUSE,  Pediculus. 

LOUSINESS,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUTRON,  Bath. 

LOVAGE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LOVE,  Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax.  lurjan,  (G.) 
lie  ben,  'to  love.'  (F.)  Amour.  A  tender  and 
elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to  the 
other.  Love  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  disease, 
especially  of  insanity. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lyeopersicum — 
1.  Pea,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS,  Hypochondriasis. 

LOWER,  TUBERCLE  OF,  Tuber'cuUm  Low 
eri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a  small 
projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by  no  means 
constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the  sinus  vcno*u*, 
between  the  superior  and  inferior  cava. 

LOXAR'THRUS,  Loxar'thrum,  from  X«^«, 
'oblique,'  and  ap$pov,  'articulation.'  (F.)  Perver- 
sion de  la  tile  des  os  et  des  muscles.  A  vicious 
deviation  or  direction  of  the  joints,  without  spasm 
or  luxation,  —  as  in  clubfoot. 

L0XIA8,  Torticollis. 

LOXOPHTHALMUS,  Strabismus. 

LOZANGIA,  Lozenge. 

LOZENGE,  Tabella. 

LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabelto  cinchonas  —  L 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabellss  antimoniata 
Kunckelii  —  1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli— L 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Troobisci  carbonatis  calcis— 
I.  Magnesias,  Tabellss  de  magnesia — L  of  Harsh- 
mallows,  Tabellss  de  althssa — 1.  of  Oxalic  acid, 
Tabollos  acidi  oxalici  —  1.  Pectoral,  black,  Tro- 
chisci glycyrrhizse  glabrae — 1.  Pectoral,  of  eme- 
tine, Trochisci  emetines  pectoral es  —  1.  Rhubarb* 
Tabellss  de  rheo  —  1.  of  Scammony  and  senna, 
compound,  Tabellss  de  scammonio  et  senna  — 1. 
Spitta's,  see  Trochisci  glycyrrhi«8B  cum  opio  —  I. 
Steel,  Tabellss  de  ferro— -I.  of  Steel,  aromatic,  see 
Tabellss  de  ferro— 1.  Sulphur,  simple,  Tabell*  de 
sulphure  simplices  —  1.  Sulphur,  compound.  Ta- 
bellss de  sulphure  composite  —  1.  of  Solphuret 
of  antimony  ^.Tabellss  antimonialee  Kunckelii  — 
1.  Wistar's,  Trochisci  glyoyrrhissB  cam  opio — 1. 
Worm,  Clang's,  see  Worm  losenges,  (Cbing's.) 

LUBIDO,  Libido— L  Intestini,  Voluntas  deee- 
dendi. 

LUBRICANTIA,  Demulcents,  Emollients. 

LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  Penis. 

LUCCA,  MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI- 
MATE OF.  The  baths  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  bees  long  celebrated. 


LUCID 


m 


LUMBKIOAL28 


Hie/  tre  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties, 
those  of  Flombieres  in  France,  and  of  Bath  in 
England.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphates 
of  alumina,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron.  There  are 
ten  different  sources,  the  temperature  of  which 
varies  from  94°  to  130°  Fahr. 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  rammer;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  the  situation. 

LUCID,  Lu'cidut.  In  medicine,  the  word  lucid 
is  particularly  applied  to  the  interval*,  Interval' la 
lu'cida,  of  apparent  reason,  which  occur  in  men- 
tal alienation. 

LUCIF'UGUS,  from  lux,  lueU,  'light'  and 
fugere,  *  to  shun.'  Photoph'obue,  Pkotophob'iem. 
Dreading  or  avoiding  the  light. 

LUCINA,  Ilithyia. 

LUCOMANIA,  Lyeanthropia. 

LUGUMA,  (S.)  A  fruit  which  grows  in  the 
southern  provinces  of  the  coast  of  Peru,  and  the 
north  of  Chili.  It  is  round ;  and  the  gray-brown 
husk  encloses  a  fibrous,  dry,  yellow-coloured  fruit 
with  its  kernel.  —  Tschudi. 

LUCUMORIA'NUS,  probably  from  lux,  'light,' 
and  mornri,  '  to  tarry.'  Continuing  for  several 
days  :  hence,  Dormit"io  lucumoria'na*  A  morbid 
sleop  persisting  for  several  days. 

LUDUS  HELMON'TII,  L.  Paraeel'ei,  Fel 
terra.  A  calcareous  stone,  the  precise  nature  not 
known,  which  was  used  by  the  ancients  in  calcu- 
lous affections.  The  term  was  also  applied  to 
every  species  of  calculous  concretion  occurring 
in  the  animal  body. 

Lnnus  Paracelst,  L.  HelmontiL 

LUES,  Disease,  Plague,  Syphilis  —  L  Divina, 
Epilepsy — 1.  Dysenterica,  Dysentery — 1.  Gonor- 
rhoea, Gonorrhoea  impura — 1.  Gutturis  cpidemi- 
ca,  Cynanche  maligna — 1.  Indica,  Framboesia — 
1.  Inguinaria,  Plague  —  1.  Polonica,  Plica  —  1. 
Sarmatica,  Plica — 1.  Syphilis,  Syphilis  —  1.  Sy- 
philodes,  Syphilis  pseudo-syphilis — 1.  Trichoma- 
tica,  Plica  —  L  Venerea,  Syphilis — 1.  Scorbutica, 
see  Purpura. 

LUETTE,  Uvula  —  I  Vhicale,  see  Urinary 
bladder. 

LUGPU8,  Erysipelas. 

LUJULA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

LULLABY  SPEECH,  Lallation. 

LUMBA'GO,  from  lumbi,  'the  loins.'  Arthro'- 
•ia  lumbo'rum,  Lumbago  rheumat'ica,  Nephralgia 
rheumat' tea,  Raehirrheu' ma,  Rachiorrkeu' ma, 
Rhenmatia'mut  dorea'li;  Otphyrrheu'ma.  Rheu- 
matism affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumba'go  peoad'ica,  L.  apotfemato'ia,  L.  ab 
arthroc'aci.  Pain  in  the  loins  from  abscess.  See 
Psoitis. 

LrMBAGo  a  Nisu,  see  Effort 

LUMBAR,  Lumba'ri*  vel  Lumba'li;  (F.)  Lorn. 
bai re.  Belonging  or  having  referenoe  to  the 
loins. 

Lumbar  Abscess,  Peoas  abteen,  Apoete'ma 
pioat'icum,  Abteetfeue  lumbo'rwn,  Morbut  peoad'- 
iciu.  This  abscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  muscle,  or 
betwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  internus.  Between 
these  muscles  is  a  quantity  of  loose,  areolar  sub- 
stance ;  and,  when  an  abscess  takes  place  there, 
it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant  course. 
Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas  muscle, 
forming  a  swelling  immediately  beneath  Pou- 
part's  ligament;  at  times,  however,  it  extends 
down  the  thigh  under  the  fascia.  Severe  hectic 
follows  the  bursting  of  the  absoess,  and  often 
death.  Its  causes  are, — scrofula,  injury  to  the 
loins,  Ac. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  back  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the  disease 
b  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  moss,  applied  op- 


poiite  the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebrae, may  be  recommended;  and,  when  the  ab- 
scess is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  be  emptied  by 
repeated  discharges  of  the  matter,  through  a 
small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet,  or  small, 
lanoet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical  treatment 
consists  in  supporting  the  system,  under  the 
great  restorative  efforts  required  of  it 

Lumbar  Arteries  are  four  or  five  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  muscles 
situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of  the  spine, 
to  gain  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen.  They 
give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches.  2.  Anterior,  poste- 
rior, and  external  muscular  branches. 

Lumbar  Nerves  are  five  in  number,  and  issue 
from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal  foramina 
of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve  gives  off 
three  branches : — the  external  or  ilio-ecrotal;  tho 
middle  or  inguino-cutaneout,  and  the  internal  or 
in/ra-pubian.  Along  with  the  three  pairs  below 
it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbar  Plexus,  Portion  lombaire  du  phrnt 
crural  (Ch. ),  Plexut  Lombo-abdominaL  This 
plexus  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rami  com- 
muni  can' te*  of  the  anterior  branches  of  the  first 
four  lumbar  nerves.  It  is  situate  behind  the  psoas 
muscle,  and  before  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  lumbar  vertebra?.  It  furnishes,  besides  the 
branches  which  proceed  from  the  first  pair,  seve- 
ral filaments,  that  are  distributed  to  the  psoas 
muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integuments,  and  glands 
of  the  groin  ;  and  three  great  branches — the  cru- 
ral, obdurator,  and  lumbosacral. 

Lumbar  Region,  Lumbi. 

Lumbar  Veiws  have  an  arrangement  analogous 
to  that  of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name.  They 
communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses,  azygous 
veins,  Ac,  and  pass  into  the  vena  cava  inferior. 

LUMBARIS  EXTERNUS,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum  —  1.  Internus,  Psoas  magnus. 

LUMBI,  The  loin*,  the  Lumbar  region,  P*'gio 
lumba'li;  Lap'ara,  Psoa,  Oephyt,  Reine.  The 
posterior  regions  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  base  of  the  chest  and  the  pelvis.  The 
parts  which  enter  into  the  formation  of  the  lum- 
bar region  are,  —  the  skin ;  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  areolar  texture;  broad  and  strong  apo- 
neuroses ; — the  Latism'mtf  Dorti,  Obliquue  exter- 
num, and  Obliquue  internum  abdominie,  Tranwtr- 
ealie  abdominit,  Quadratic  lumborum,  and  the 
mass  common  to  the  Saero-lumbalie,  Longiteimiu 
dorei,  and  Multifidue  «pin<*.  These  muscles  sur- 
round the  lumbar  region  of  the  vertebral  column. 
The  vessels,  nerves,  Ac,  of  the  loins,  are  called 
lumbar. 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lumbar 
and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lombo-eaeri.  Bichat 
calls  thus  a  very  large  nerve,  given  off  from  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar  pair,  which 
descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the  sacrum  to  join 
the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBRICA'LIS,  Vermicula'ri:  Resembling 
a  lumbrieue,  or  '  earthworm.'  A  name  given  to 
small  muscles,  met  with  in  the  palm  of  the  hand 
and  sole  of  the  foot 

Lumbricale8  Manus,  Fidicina'le;  Flexor  pri- 
m%  interno'dii  digito'rum  manue  vel  perfora'tu* 
lumbriea'lit,  (F. )  Annuli-tendino-phafangiene, 
Palmi-phalangiena.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin, 
round,  long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first, 
second,  third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  without 
to  within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum,  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  first  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fin- 
gers.   These  muscles  bend  the  fingers  on  the 


XJJMBRICU8 


523 


LUXEUIL 


metacarpus,  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

Lumbricalks  Pedis,  (F.)  Planti-tendino-pha- 
langiens,  Planti-sous-phalangiens,  (Ch.)  They 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  num- 
ber, and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
of  the  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris  lnmhricoides  —  1.  La- 
tus,  Bothriocephalus  latns,  Taenia  solium  —  L 
Teres  hominis,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LUMBUS  VENERIS,  Achillea  millefolium. 

LUMEN,  Light,  Pupil  — L  Constans,  Phos- 
phorus. 

LUMIERE,  Light. 

LUNA,  Argentum,  Moon — I.  Albini,  Sciatic 
notch,  lesser  —  L  Imperfecta,  Bismuth — L  Pota- 
bilis,  Argenfei  nitras. 

LUNAR,  Lunatic. 

LUNA'RE  OS,  Os  semiluna'ri.  The  second 
bone  in  the  upper  row  of  the  carpus. 

LUNARIA,  Menses. 

Luna'ria  Redivi'va,  LeuecHum,  Bulbonaeh, 
Satin,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a  warm 
diuretic. 

LUNARIS,  Lunatic. 

LU'NATIC,  Lunat'ieus,  Luna'ris,  Luna'rius, 
Lunar,  from  luna,  'the  moon.'  Relating  to  the 
moon.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases  which  are 
supposed  to  appear  at  certain  phases  of  the  moon, 
or  to  those  who  are  affected  by  them.  The  term 
lunatic  is  restricted  to  one  labouring  under  lu- 
nacy, or  mental  alienation ;  —  Moonstruck,  Sele- 
noble'tut.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is  one  who  has  had 
an  understanding,  but  by  disease,  grief,  or  other 
accident,  has  lost  the  use  of  his  reason. 

LUNATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam- 
bulist. 

LUNATISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

LUXE,  Moon. 

LUNELLA,  Hypopyon. 

LUXES,  Menses. 

LUNETTES  ORDINAIRES,  Spectacles. 

LUNG,  Pulmo  —  1.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
thracosis  —  1.  Caneer  of  the,  Phthisis,  cancerous 
— 1.  Fever,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Lung,  Perforating  Abscess  of  the.  A  pu- 
rulent collection,  which  forms  exterior  to  the 
lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue,  so  that 
it  is  evacuated  through  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Luno  Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum  —  L  Wort, 
Pulmonoria — 1.  Wort,  cow's,  Verbasoum  nigrum 
—1.  Wort,  tree,  Lichen  pulmonarins. 

LUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail— L  Scapula), 
Notch,  scapular. 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen— L  Juncture,  Spina 
rentosa. 

LUPI'NUS.  Under  this  term  the  white  lupin, 
Lupi'nus  al'bus  sou  sati'vus,  is  meant,  in  some 
pharmacopoeias.  The  seeds,  which  were  much 
eaten  in  the  days  of  Pliny  and  Of  Galen,  are  now 
neglected.  The  meal  is,  however,  occasionally 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  as1  a  cataplasm. 

LUPULFNA,  Lu'pulin,  Lupulin'ie  glands.  A 
substance  which  exists  in  the  hnmulus  lupulus  or 
hop.  It  is  in  the  form  of  small,  shining,  yellow- 
ish grains,  which  cover  the  base  of  the  scales  of 
the  hop;  is  pulverulent,  and  of  an  aromatic 
odour.  When  analyzed,  it  is  found  to  contain 
rosin,  volatile  oil  in  small  quantity,  and  a  bitter 
principle.  It  is  aromatic  and  tonic,  and  —  ac- 
cording to  some — narcotic. 

LUPULINIC  GLANDS,  Lupulina. 

LUPULUS,  L.  hamulus— L  Communis,  L.  ha- 
mulus—1.  Salictarius,  L.humulus — 1.  Scandens, 
L.  humulus. 

LUPUS,  'the  wolf/  So  named  from  its  rapa- 
city. Ulcus  Tuberculo'tum,  Caneer  lupus,  Noli 
tte  tangere,  Phymato'sis  lupus.    Tubercular  ex- 


crescences, with  ragged,  spreading  ulcerations, 
chiefly  about  the  alae  nasi,  where  they  destroy 
the  skin,  Ac,  for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they 
appear  in  the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape 
of  a  sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance, 
and  leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Asenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage.  See,  also, 
Herpes  exedens,  and  Lycoides. 

Lupus  Cancrosub,  Cancer — 1.  Varieosus,  Nssvi 
— 1.  Vorax,  Herpes  exedens. 

LURCO,  Glutton. 

LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale,  yellow,  sallow; — 
applied  to  the  complexion. 

LUROR,  Paleness. 

LUSCIOSITAS,  Luscitas,  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSUS,  Borgne,  Myops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Luscios'itas,  Luscif'ies.  Strabis- 
mus. The  term  has  also  been  given  to  all  those 
cases  of  obliquity  in  which  the  eye  is  fixed  in  an 
unnatural  position. — Beer. 

LUSCITIES,  Luscitas. 

LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

LUSCUS,  Borgne. 

LUTf  Lute. 

LUTE,  Lutum,  ('  mud/)  Camen'tum,  (F.)  LuL 
A  composition  employed  either  for  closing  aper- 
tures in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or  for 
covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes,  Ac,  which 
have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat  Lutes 
are  composed  differently,  according  to  the  object 
to  be  accomplished.  Commonly  they  are  made 
of  linseed  meal  and  starch.  The  fat  lute  is  formed 
of  clay  and  drying  oil.  Sometimes,  the  white  of 
egg  and  lime  are  used ;  and  that  which  is  em- 
ployed for  covering  vessels,  intended  to  bo 
strongly  heated,  is  made  of  clay,  sifted  sand,  and 
water. 

LUTEOLA,  Reseda  luteola. 

LUTEUS,  Yellow. 

LUTRON,  Xovrpov.  A  bath.  Also,  an  oph- 
thalmic medicine. — Galen. 

LUX,  Light. 

LUXATIO,  Luxation — 1.  Imperfecta,  Sprain. 

LUXA'TION,  Eluxa'tion,  from  luxare,  'to  put 
out  of  place.'  Dislocation,  Olisthe'ma,  Apopedf~ 
asis,  Luxa'tio,  Disloca'tio,  Ec'clisis,  Strew' ma, 
Luxatu'ra,  Eetop'ia,  Eepto'sis,  Elap'sus,  LygW~ 
mus,  Emo'tio,  Ec"  stasis,  Exarthre'ma,  Exarthro1- 
ma,  Exarthre'ma  luxa'tio,  Exarthro'sis,  Exo'sis, 
Exothe'sis,  Par  a  top' i a,  Streblo'sis,  Delocaftio, 
Exarticula'tio,  (F.J  Luxation,  Dislocation,  D£- 
bottement.  A  displacement  of  a  part  from  its 
proper  situation.  A  putting  out  of  joint.  A 
displacement  of  two  or  more  bones,  whose  arti- 
cular surfaces  have  lost,  wholly,  or  in  part,  theii 
natural  connexion ;  either  owing  to  external  vio- 
lence, (accidental  luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  soma 
of  the  parts  about  the  joint  (spontaneous  luxation.) 
Luxation  is  complete  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it;  and  compound,  when  a 
wound  communicates  with  the  luxated  joint. 
The  general  indications  of  treatment,  are; — 1 
To  reduce  the  protruded  bone  to  its  original 
place.  2.  To  retain  it  in  situ.  3.  To  obviate 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires  extension,  connter-exten* 
sion,  and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Saline 
waters,  at  the  town  of  Luxeuil,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges,  in  the  department  of  Haute  Saftne.  Five 
springs  are  thermal,  and  two  cold.  They  seem 
to  contain  carbonio  acid,  carbonates  of  iron  and 
lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium ;  and  are  employed 
as  aperient,  tonic,  and  stimulant. 


LYCANCHB 


029 


LYMPHANGDBCTAfilS 


LYCAN'CHE,  Lvean'ehis,  from  Xvmt,  'a  wolf/ 
and  ayx*f  1 1  strangle.'  Wolf  quinsy,  Wolf  choak  ; 
• — as  Cynanche  means  Dog  choak.  Also,  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Lyooldes. 

LYCANCIIIS,  Lycanche. 

LYCANTHROPE,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCANTHRO'PIA,  from  Aomj,  'a  wolf,'  and 
arSpvxoi,  'aman  :'  Lyca'on,  Inta'nia  lupi'na,  Xy- 
coma'nia.  A  variety  of  melancholy,  in  which 
the  person  believes  himsolf  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal.  One  so  circumstanced  is  called  a  Ly'- 
canthrope,  Lycanthro'pus. 

LYCANTHROPUS,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCAON,  Lycanthropia. 

LYCHNIDIUM,  Biolychnium. 

LYCHNIS  OFFICINALIS,  Saponaria— L  Syl- 
vestris,  Saponaria. 

LYCHNIUM,  Biolychninm. 

LYCOI'DES,  Lyco'des,  from  A»wj,  'a  wolf/ 
and  ccoof,  '  form.'  Lupo  sim'ilis.  An  epithet  for 
a  species  of  cynanche,  called,  also,  Lupus,  and 
Strangulator,  and  absurdly  attributed  to  exces- 
sive retention  of  sperm  in  its  reservoirs  and  its 
passage  into  the  blood  (?). — Galen. 

X  YCOPE  DE  VIRQINIE,  Lycopus  Virgini- 
ens. 

LYCOPER'DON,  from  Arm*,  'a  wolf/  and 
9cc&*,  *  I  break  wind;'  X.  Bovis'ta  seu  Arrhi'ton 
seu  Globo'ium,  Crep'itus  Lupi,  Fungus  Chirurgot- 
rum,  Puff-ball,  Bull  Fist;  MoVlipuffs,  Bovis'ta, 
(F.)  Vesseloup.  The  puff-ball  dries  into  a  very 
fine,  light  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  mechanical  styptic  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

Lycoperdon  Arrhizon,  Lycoperdon — 1.  Glo- 
bosum,  Lycoperdon — L  Gulosorum,  L.  Tuber. 

Ltcoper'dojt  Tuber,  X.  Guloso'rum,  Tuber 
Agrioeas'tanum,  7Vw6f,  Tuber  ciba'rium  seu  Gu- 
loso'rum seu  Nigrum,  Tu'bera  Terr 9,  Truffle, 
(pronounced  trooffe,)  Tuekaho,  (F.)  Truffe.  A 
fleshy,  firm  body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  repro- 
duction, which  is  found  under  ground,  especially 
In  different  parts  of  France,  Italy,  Ac,  and  is 
much  esteemed  as  an  aliment  It  seems  to  be- 
long to  the  champignons,  and  has  a  particular 
perfume.  Aphrodisiac  virtues  have  been  ascribed 
to  it 

LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULENTUM,  Solanum 
lycopersicum — 1.  Pomum  amoris,  Solanum  lyco- 
persicum — 1.  Tuberosum,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

LYCOPO'DIUM,  from  Aum*  'a  wolf/  and  wovs, 
'  a  foot'  X.  Clava'tum  seu  Offveina'll,  Lepido'tie 
elava'ta,  Gingula'ria,  Museus  elava'tus,  Club-moss, 
Wolf's-claw.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  European 
mosses.  The  dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its 
spikes,  is  very  inflammable,  and  hence  has  been 
called  Vegetable  Sulphur; — and,  also,  Fari'na 
seu  Puhis  seu  Semen  seu  Sulphur  Lycopo'dii. 
It  is  used  in  France  to  roll  pills  and  boluses  in ; 
and  in  medicine  is  a  desiccative,  in  the  excoria- 
tions to  which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  collected 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  com- 
merce. 

Ltcopo'dium  CoMPLAirA'rmr,  Common  Club- 
moss,  Ground  Pine;  indigenous;  has  the  same 
properties  as  Lycopodium  selago. 

Ltcopo'dtux  Officinale,  L.  clavatum  —  L 
Recurvum,  L.  Selago. 

Lycopodium  Smla'go,  X.  Becur'vum,  Planan'- 
thus  fastiga'tus  seu  seWgo,  Museus  erec'tus  seu 
Oathar'ticus,  Sela'go,  Upright  Club-moss,  Fir 
Club-moss,  Upright  Fir-moss.  A  decoction  of 
this  plant  acta  violently  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive ;  and  was  formerly,  on  this  account  used  as 
an  abortive.    It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS,  X.  Virgin'icus,  Bugleweed,  Water 
84 


Bugle,   Water  Horehound,  Gypsy   Weed,  Paid*. 

Betfony,  (F.)  Lycope  de  Virginie.  Thfa  indige- 
nous herb,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Labiates,  grows  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  the  United  States.  The  whole  herb  is  said  to 
be  slightly  narcotic.  It  is  given  in  infusion, 
(Lycop.  gj;  aq.  fervent  Oj.) 

Lycopub  Sinua'ti'S,  Water  Horehound,  Gypsy 
Weed,  Paurs  Bet'ony,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

Lycopus  Virchntcus,  Lycopus. 

LYCOREXIS,  Fames  lupina. 

LYCOSA  TARENTULA,  see  Tarantula. 

LYCOSTOMA,  Hyperob*chasma. 

LYE,  Lixivium,  Ley — 1.  Dyspeptic,  sec  Fuli- 
gokali — 1.  Medical,  see  Fuligokali. 

LYGISMUS,  Luxation. 

LYOMODES,  Singultous. 

LYGMUS,  Singultus. 

LYGODES,  Singultous. 

LYING-IN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYMA,  Lochia.* 

LYMPH,  Lympha,  from  w/t^i?,  'water/  by 
changing  v  into  A.  White  blood,  Lympha  Aa- 
trif'ia.  A  name  given  to  the  fluid  contained  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of  ani- 
mals, which  have  been  made  to  fast  for  24  hours. 
According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of  the  dog 
contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  common  salt, 
subcarbonale  of  soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  limo.  The  properties 
and  composition  of  lymph  vary  somewhat  ac- 
cording to  the  part  whence  the  lymphatic  vessels 
obtain  it  Generally,  it  is  under  the  form  of  a 
transparent,  slightly  alkaline  fluid,  sometimes  of 
a  madder-red  or  yellowish  colour, — of  a  spermatio 
odour,  and  saline  taste;  soluble  in  water,  —  the 
solution  becoming  turbid,  when  mixed  with  alco- 
hol. When  left  to  itself,  it  coagulates.  The  clot 
or  solid  portion  becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put 
in  contact  with  oxygen ;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if 
placed  in  carbonic  acid. 

Like  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid  in 
which  lymph  corpuscles  or  globules  are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  internal 
absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body :  it  then 
flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting  with 
the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  the  veins; 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  materials  of  the  blood. 
According  to  others,  the  blood,  when  it  reaches 
the  arterial  radicles,  is  divided  into  two  portions, 
— the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to  the  heart, — 
the  other  serous  or  white,  which  is  absorbed  by 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  constitutes  the  lymph. 
By  others,  again,  the  lymphatics  are  considered 
to  be  the  vessels  of  return  for  the  white  blood 
sent  to  certain  tissues.  White  blood,  however, 
has  probably  no  existence. 

The  word  lymph  is  sometimes  used  erroneously 
by  the  surgeon  to  signify  liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph,  Coagulablb,  Fibrin,  Liquor  sanguinis 
—  1.  Corpuscles,  see  Lymph  —  1.  Globules,  see 
Lymph — 1.  Hearts,  Lymphatic  hearts — 1.  Plastic, 
Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHA,  Lymph — 1.  Arborum,  see  Sap—-l. 
Muculenta  narium,  Nasal  mucus — 1.  Nutritia, 
Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  see  Pancreas — 1.  Pericar- 
dii, see  Pericardium — 1.  Plasties,  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENI'TIS :  from  lympha,  <  lymph, 
and  adeni'tis,  'inflammation  or  a  gland/  In 
famma'tio  glandula'rum  lymphatica'rum,  Adeni- 
tis lymphafica,  (F.)  Adtnite  lymphatique.  In* 
flammation  of  a  lymphatic  gland  or  ganglion. 

LYMPH^DUCTUS,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGIEC'TASIS,    Lympheury'mmj 


LYMPHANGITIS 


530 


LYTHRTJM 


firom  lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  reseel,'  and  aeraais,  'dila- 
tation/   Dilatation  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY,  Lymphangiogra- 
phy ia;  from  lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypaty, 
•  a  description/  A  description  of  the  lymphatic 
vessels. 

LYMPHANGIOITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,  from  Lymphangion, 
4 a  lymphatic/  and  Xoyos,  'a  description/  A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPIIANGIOT'OMY,  Lymphangiotom'ia  ; 
from  lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  vessel/  and  ropy,  *  inci- 
sion/ The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

LYMPH  ANGON'CUS,  Lymphon'cue;  from 
lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  vessel/  and  oytcos,  'a  tumour/ 
tumefaction  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPHATIC,  Lymphafictu.  That  which 
relates  to  lymph. 

Lymphatic  Hearts.  Lymph  HearU.  The 
frog  and  several  other  animals  are  provided  with 
large  receptacles  for  the  lymph  immediately  un- 
derneath the  skin,  which  exhibit  distinct  and 
regular  pulsations  like  the  sanguiferous  heart 
Their  use  appears  to  be — to  propel  the  lymph. 

Lymphatic  System  is  that  particular  system 
of  organs  which  is  inservieni  to  the  formation  and 
circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are : 

1.  Ltmphatio  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
■Conglobate. 

2.  Lymphatic  Vessels,  Lymphaduc'tue,  Lym- 
yhangi'a,  Lymphange'a,  Vena  lymphat'ica,  Ductus 
«ero'#i,  Vasa  lumphatica,  V.  resorben' 'tia,  Vasa  hy- 
drago'ga,  Ifydrangi'a.  These  are  very  numerous. 
Arising  at  the  surface  of  membranes  and  in  the 
tissue  of  the  organs,  they  carry  into  the  veins  the 
lymph  from  those  parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are 
found  in  every  part  of  the  body.  Wherever  they 
are  met  with,  however,  they  form  two  orders, — 
one  euperficial,  the  other  deep-teated; — the  two 
orders  frequently  communicating  with  each  other. 
Lymphatio  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than 
arteries  and  veins.  They  are  very  thin,  diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical;  but  present,  here  and 
there*  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  They  are 
slightly  tortuous  in  their  course;  their  anasto- 
moses are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of  the 
arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we  are  igno- 
rant. All  the  branches,  before  joining  the  prin- 
cipal trunks,  pass  through  lymphatic  ganglions, 
in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  subdivide  almost 
ad  infinitum.  They  are  formed  of  an  outer  cel- 
lular membrane  and  an  internal  coat,  similar  to 
that  of  the  veins ;  of  the  latter,  the  valves  are 
•formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of  the  body  ulti- 
mately discharge  themselves  into  the  subclavian 
and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two  of  these  trunks 
are  considerably  larger  than  the  others,  —  the 
thoracic  duct,  and  the  great  trunk  of  the  right 
side,  (F.)  La  grande  vcine  lymphatique  droite. 
T 'he  former  receives  the  lymphatics  of  the  abdo- 
men, of  the  lower  extremities,  the  left  side  of  the 
thorax,  the  left  upper  extremity,  and  the  corre- 
sponding side  of  the  head  and  neck ;  the  latter 
receives  those  of  the  right  upper  extremity,  and 
of  the  right  side  of  the  head,  neck  and  thorax. 

LYMPHATITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

L  YMPHE  DE  COTUGNO,  Cotunnius,  liquor 

or. 

LYMPHEURYSMA,  Lymphangiectasia. 

LYMPHITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Profes- 
sor Gross  to  signify  effusion  of  ooagulable  lymph. 
It  is  not  a  happy  word,  inasmuch  as  lymph  has 


another  meaning,  whilst  the  term  'coagulablf 
lymph*  is  now  almost  abandoned. 

LYMPHOCHE'ZIA,  from  lympha,  'lymph/ 
and  xrt"'  '  I  go  to  stool/    Serous  diarrhoea. 

LYMPHONCUS,  Lymphangoneus  —  L  Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 

LYMPHOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeaL 

LYMPHO'SIS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  lymph. 

LYMPHOT'OMY,  from  lympha,  'lymph/  and 
rcprw,  '  I  cut'    Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYNCH'S  EMBROCA'TION.  An  emollient 
nostrum,  formed  of  olive  oil  impregnated  with 
bergamot  and  other  essences,  and  coloured  with 
alkanet  root. 

LYNGODES,  Singultous  —  1.  Febris,  Fever, 
singultous. 

LYNGYODES,  Singultous. 

LYNN  WAHOO,  Ulmus  alata. 

LYNX,  Singultus. 

LYPE,  Atbymia. 

LYPEMANIA,  Melancholy. 

LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Scrophulariaces,  the  flowers  of 
which  closely  resemble  saffron  in  smell  and  taste, 
and  possess  similar  medical  virtues. 

LYPEROPHRJSNIE,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,  Lipoma. 

LYPOTHYM'IA,  from  X«*7,  « sadness/  and 
Svpot,  'hearty  courage/  Very  great  sadness  or 
despondency. 

LYRA,  Xvpa,  « the  lyre/  Pealter,  Pealte'rium, 
Corput  PealloVdee,  Lyra  Da'vidit,  Lam'ina  me- 
dulla'ri»  triangula'rie  cerebri,  Spa'tium  trCgo- 
num.  The  under  surface  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  body  of  the  fornix  is  impressed  with  nume- 
rous transverse  and  oblique  lines,  which  have 
been  so  called  from  some  resemblance  they  bear 
to  the  ancient  lyre. 

LYRINGIUM,  Eryngium  campestre. 

LYSIA,  Lysis. 

LYSIMA'CHIA  NUMMULA'RIA,  X.  »«■'©- 
rum,  Nummulu'ria,  Hirundina'ria,  Centimor'bia, 
Creeping  Looee  Strife,  Money  Wort,  (F.)  Herb* 
aux  tcue.  This  plant  was  formerly  accounted 
vulnerary.  It  has  been  considered  to  poMest 
antiscorbutic  and  astringent  qualities,  and  hat 
been  used  in  leucorrhaea. 

Lysimachia  Purpurea,  Ly thrum  salicaria, 

LYSIMA'CHIA  QuADRIF0'LlA,i your~Leaved  Loom 
Strife,  Cromcort,  an  indigenous  plant,  is  astrin- 
gent ;  and  has  been  used  as  a  stomachic  and  an* 
tiperiodic. 

LYSIS,  Lyeia,  from  Aow,  'I  dissolve.'  Solu- 
tion. A  common  suffix;  also,  a  name  given  to 
solutions  or  terminations  of  disease,  which  are 
operated  insensibly ;  that  is,  gradually  and  with- 
out critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA,  Hydrophobia — L  Canina,  Hydropho- 
bia. 

LYSSAS,  Maniodes. 

LYSSETER,  Maniodes. 

LYSSODEC'TUS,  from  Wro,  'canine  mad- 
ness/ and  4arvw,  'I  bite/  Hydroph'obue ;  Oni 
rab'ido  mortue.  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a 
mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring  under  hydro- 
phobia. 

LYSSODEG'MA,  Lyeeodeg'mue.  Ly-oderi* 
same  etymon.     The  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 

LYSSODEXIS,  Lyssodegma. 

LYTE'RIOS,  Avnptoc,  (from  Xow,  'I  dissolve/) 
'solving/  An  epithet  given  to  those  signs  which 
announce  the  solution  of  a  very  violent  disease. 

LYTHRUM  SALICA'RIA,  Lyeima'ekia  pwr- 
pu'rea,  Salica'ria  vuUja'rie  seu  apica'ta; —  the 
Common  or  Purple  Willow  Herb.    The  herb,  root. 


LYTTA 


531 


MACROTES 


and  flowers  possess  a  considerable  degree  of  as- 
tringency,  and  are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  leucorrhoea,  htemop- 
tysis,  <tc. 

LYTTA  VESICATORIA,  Cantharis. 

Lytta  Ru'fipes.  A  variety  of  Lytta,  peculiar 
to  Chili,  which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant  than 
the  cantharis,  or  the  lytta  next  described. 


Lytta  Vitta'ta,  Can'tharie  vittata,  Pota'to 
Fly,  (F.)  Cantharide  tacketSe.  Four  speeies  of 
melee  that  blister  are  found  in  the  United  States. 
The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon  the  po- 
tato plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of  the  year, 
may  be  collected  in  immense  numbers.  The  po- 
tato fly  resembles  the  cantharides  in  every  pro- 
perty, and  is  fully  equal  to  them. 


M. 


M.  This  letter  signifies,  in  prescriptions,  ma~ 
nipulut,  'a  handful/  Also,  tnitce,  'mil.'  See 
Abbreviation. 

MACAPATLI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

MACARO'NL  An  alimentary  paste,  moulded 
of  a  cylindrical  shape,  and  formed  of  rice  or 
wheaten  flour.  It  is  eaten  —  when  boiled — in 
soup  — prepared  with  cheese,  Ac 

Also,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  pulverulent 
oompound  of  sugar  and  glass  of  antimony,  car- 
ried into  France  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  La  Chariti  in  the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic 

MACE,  see  Myristica  mosohata — m.  Reed, 
Typha  latifolia. 

MACEDONISIUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACER,  Gracilis. 

MACERA'TION,  Macera'tio,  from  macero,  'I 
soften  by  water.'  An  operation  which  consists 
in  infusing,  usually  without  heat,  a  solid  sub- 
stance in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its  virtues. 

MACERONA,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACES,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MACESCERE,  Emaciate. 

MACHjERA,  Culter,  Knife,  Penis. 

MACHJBRIDION,  Machserion. 

MACH^'RION,  Macha'rii,  Mctchmrid'ion, 
Qlad'iolu*.  A  knife.  An  amputating  knife.  Rufus 
of  Ephesus  asserts,  that  the  Aruspices  gave  this 
name  to  a  part  of  the  liver  of  animals. 

MACHJ3RI8,  Knife,  Novacula. 

MACHA'ON,  from  fia^ou,  '  I  desire  to  fight' 
The  son  of  JSsculapius,  and  a  celebrated  phy- 
sician. 

MACHAfl'NIA  seu  MACHACJN'ICA  ARS. 
Medicine.  The  Healing  Art: —  so  called  after 
Machaon,  the  son  of  JEsculapius. 

MACHI'NAL,  Meehan'iexu.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  writers  to  the  word 
movement,  to  express  that  the  will  takes  no  part 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  Mach'ina,  MacKinamen'tum, 
Me'vhanl,  Mechane'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument,  used  in  physios  and  chymis- 
try  to  put  a  body  in  motion,  or  to  produce  any 
action  whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use  it 
for  the  animal  body;— -as  the  machine  or  animal 
machine. 

MACHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania. 

MACHO  IRE,  Maxillary  bone  — m.  Diacrani- 
enne,  Maxillary  bone,  lower — m.  Syneranienne, 
Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation— m.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACILENTUS,  Gracilis. 

MACIS,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MACRAU'CHEN,  from  pajrpof,  'long/  and 
*»W>  '  1°°  nock.'  Longo  collo  pros' ditus.  One 
Who  has  a  long  neck.  —  Galen. 

MACRE  FLOTTANTE,  Trapa  natans. 

MACRITUDO,  Emaciation. 


MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 

MACROBIOTES,  Longevity. 

MACROBIOT'IC,  Macrobioticu;  MatrobPo- 
tut,  Macro'biui,  Longa'vu*,  from  puKM,  'great,' 
'  long,'  and  Qhh,  'lire.'  That  which  lives  a  long 
time.  The  macrobiotic  art  is  the  art  of  living  a 
long  time. 

MACROBIOTUS,  Macriobiotic 

MACROBIUS,  Macrobiotic. 

MACROCEPH'ALUS,  from  ,ta*fw,  'great,' 
'long,'  and  Kt$a\it,  'head/  Qui  magnum  habet 
caput.  '  One  who  has  a  large  head.'  This  epi- 
thet is  given  to  children  born  with  heads  so  large 
that  they  seem  to  be  hydrocephalic;  but  in  which 
the  unusual  development  is  owing  to  a  large  size 
of  the  brain.  Such  are  supposed  to  be  more  than 
ordinarily  liable  to  convulsions.  (?)  The  term 
has  also  been  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  certain 
Asiatics  who  had  long  heads.     See  Capitones. 

MACROCO'LIA,  from  paipo*  'great,' and 
kh\ov,  'a  limb/  Great  length  of  limbs  in  general, 
and  of  the  lower  limbs  in  particular. 

MACRODAC'TYLUS,  from  parpof,  'great,' 
and  6axrv\os,  '  a  finger/    Having  long  fingers. 

MACROGASTER  PLATYPUS,  Acarus  folli- 
oulorum. 

MACROGLOSSA,  see  Macroglossus. 

MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  iiaxpo;,  'large,'  and 
yXucaa,  '  tongue/  One  who  has  a  very  Urge  or 
prolapsed  tongue.    See  Paraglosea. 

MACRONOSUB,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACRO PHAL'LUS,  from  /«z*pof,  'large,'  and 
<pa\\os,  'the  male  organ/  A  large  size  of  the 
male  organ. 

MACROPHO'NUS,  from  paxpos,  'great,'  and 
$<avTf, '  voice/    One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  /tup*, 
'long,'  fvaa,  'air/  and  KvpaXtj,  'head/  A  word 
used  by  Ambrose  Par6  to  designate  an  augmen- 
tation of  the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a 
sort  of  emphysema  [?],  which  retards  delivery. 

MACROPIPER,  Piper  longum. 

MACROPNGB'A,  from  paicpos,  'long/  and  xvcu, 
'  I  breathe/    A  long  and  deep  respiration. 

MACROP'NUS,  Macrop'nooa.  One  who 
breathes  slowly :  —  a  word  met  with  in  some  au- 
thors. —  Hippocrates. 

MACRO P'OD US,  Mac'roput,  from  ftaxpos, 
'great,'  and  rovs,  'foot'  One  who  has  a  large 
foot 

MACROR,  Emaciation. 

MACROR'RHIS,  from  paKpt*,  'great,'  and  p« 
or  piv,  '  nose/    One  who  has  a  long  nose. 

MACROS,  Long. 

MACROS'CELES,  Crura  longa  habena ;  from 

Coos,  'long/  and  a/ccAof,  'the  leg/    One  who 
long  legs. 
MACROSLffi,  Chronic  diseases. 
MACRO'TES,  from  /ia*po?,  'great,'  and  w* 
'an  ear/    One  who  has  long  ears. 


MACROTRYS 


MACROTRTS  RACEMOSA,  see  Aetna  race- 


532  MAGNESIA 

Magistery  or  Bismuth,  Bismuth,  subnitrato 


MACULA.  A  spot  Dgschra'a,  Celt*,  Lobes, 
(F.)  Tache,  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  its 
texture.  Epheli;  Navus,  Spilus,  Ac,  belong  to 
Maculae. 

Macula,  Molecule — m.  Cornea,  Caligo  —  m. 
Cornea  arcuata,  Gerotoxon — m.  Corneas  marga- 
ritacea,  Paralampsis — m.  Cribrosa,  see  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  m.  Fusca,  Ephelides  —  m.  Ger- 
minativa,  see  Molecule — m.  Hepatica,  Chloasma 
materna,  Nobvus —  m.  Lenticularis,  Ephelides  — 
m.  Lutea  retinas,  see  Foramen  oentrale — m.  Ma- 
tricalis,  Navus — m.  Matricis,  Navus — m.  Solaris, 
Ephelides. 

MACULJE  ANTE  OCULOS  VOLITANTES, 
Metamorphopsia. 

MACULOSUS,  SabU. 

MAD,  Insane. 

MADAR,  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS,  from  nabot,  'bald.'  Madaro'- 
ma,  Made'sit,  Madar'otee,  Made' ma,  Mad'isis, 
Depluma'tio,  MUvJub,  Milpho'sis,  PtiWsis,  CaU 
vi'tiet.  Loss  of  the  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

MADAROTES,  Madaroeis. 

MADDER,  DYERS',  Rubia. 

MADEIRA,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  island  is 
much  frequented  by  pulmonary  invalids,  on  ac- 
count of  the  mildness  and  equability  of  its  cli- 
mate. Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness  of  the 
winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  together 
with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  temperature 
during  day  and  night,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
year,  it  has  been  considered  that  the  climate  of 
Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
Sir  James  Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there  is  no 
place  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  with  which  he 
is  acquainted,  where  the  pulmonary  invalid  could 
reside  with  so  much  advantage,  during  the  whole 
year,  as  in  Madeira. 

MADELEON,  Bdellium. 

MADEMA,  Madarosis. 

MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 

MADISIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 

MADISTE'RIUM,  Madiste'rion,  Trichola'- 
hium,  Tr<choVabi*f  VoUel'la.  Tweezers.  An  in- 
strument for  extracting  hairs. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia  —  m. 
Raving  or  furious,  Mania. 

MADOR,  Moisture.    A  cold  sweat 

MADREPORA  OCULATA,  see  CoraL 

MADWEED,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

MAEA,  Midwife. 

MAEEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAEUTRIA,  Midwife. 

MAG  DA' LI  A,  Maada'leon,  Magdalis.  Crumb 
of  bread.  Any  medicine,  as  a  pill,  formed  of 
crumb  of  bread.    A  roll  of  plaster. 

MAGEIRICE,  Culinary  art 

MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Aone. 

MAGIS,  fiayn,  'a  cake.'  A  sort  of  cake,  com- 
posed of  cloves,  garlic  and  cheese,  beaten  toge- 
ther. —  Hippocrates. 

MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery  —  m.  Bismuthi, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — m.  Jalapa,  Resin  of 
Jalap  —  m.  Mareasita,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
m.  Plumoi,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  m.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphur  lotum  —  m.  Tartari  purgans,  Potassa 
acetas. 

MAG"ISTERY,  MayuU'rium,  from  magister, 
*  a  master.'  Certain  precipitates  from  saline  so- 
lutions were  formerly  so  called;  as  well  as  other 
medicines,  the  preparation  of  which  was  kept 
secret. 


ot 

MAGISTRAL,  Magistra'lis.  Same  etymon. 
Extempora' neons.  Medicines  are  so  called  which 
are  prepared  extemporaneously;  officinal  medi- 
cines being  such  as  have  been  prepared  lor  some 
time  before  they  are  prescribed. 

MAGISTRANTIA.  Imperatoria. 

MAGMA,  (taypa,  (F.)  Marc  The  thick  resi- 
duum, obtained  after  expressing  certain  sub- 
stances to  extract  the  fluid  parts  from  them.  The 
grounds  which  remain  after  treating  a  substance 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  any  other  menstruum. 
Also,  a  salve  of  a  certain  consistence. 

Magma  or  Mabc  of  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  greatest  possible  quantity  of  oil  has  been 
extracted  from  olives  by  making  them  ferment 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  stimulant,  under 
the  form  of  a  bath — to  which  the  name  Bain  de 
Marc  was  given  by  the  French. 

Magma  or  Mabc  of  Grapes,  Bry'tia,  was 
once  employed  for  the  same  purposes. 

MAGMA  R$TICULJ£,  'reticulated  magma.' 
The  gelatiniform  substance  found  between  the 
chorion  and  amnion  in  the  early  period  of  em- 
bryonic existence. 

MAGNES,  Magnet 

Magnes  Arsenica'lis.  (Sulphur,  white  ane- 
nic,  and  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 
Mix  by  fusion.)  It  is  corrosive.  See  Magnetic 
plaster. 

Magnes  Epilepsia,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

MAGNE'SIA,  Abarnahae,  Chambar,  Terra 
ama'ra,  Magneeia  terra.  Talc  earth  ;  from  mag- 
net,  'the  magnet;'  because  it  was  supposed  to 
have  the  power  of  attracting  substances  from  the 
air.    Its  metallic  base  is  magne'sium. 

Magnesia,  M.  usta,  M.  ealcina'ta,  Cal'cined 
Magnesia,  Oxide  of  magne'sium,  (F.)  Magnisie 
brulie,  Magnate,  M.  Caustique.  This  is  obtained 
by  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a  strong 
heat  It  is  inodorous ;  taste  very  slightly  bitter; 
in  the  form  of  a  white,  light,  spongy,  soft  pow- 
-  'der.  S.  g.  2.3 ;  requiring  2000  times  its  weight 
of  water  for  its  solution.  It  is  antacid,  and  lax- 
ative when  it  meets  with  acid  in  the  stomach. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  33  in  water  or  milk. 

Magnesia  Aerat a,  Magnesia  carbonas — n. 
Alba,  M.  carbonas  —  m.  Caloinata,  M.  usta  —  n. 
Citrate  of,  Magnesia  citras  —  m.  Edinburgensis, 
M.  carbonas. 

Magnesia,  Effervescing,  Moxon's.  (Jfoe- 
ne».  carb. ;  M.  sulphat. ;  Sodss  bicarbon.,  Arid 
tartaric,  aa  partes  aquales;  to  be  pulverized, 
well  dried,  mixed,  and  enclosed  in  bottle*  herme- 
tically sealed.)  Dose,  a  teaspoonful  in  half  a 
tumbler  of  water,  drunk  in  a  state  of  effervescence. 

Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  prepa- 
ration is  designated,  which  consist*  of  a  solution 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated  water. 
It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia  water,  ae- 
rated magnesia  water,  and  condensed  solution  of 
magnesia,  (F.)  Eau  magnesienme* 

Magnesia,  Henry's,  Magnesias  carbonas— m. 
Mitis,  Magnesia  carbonas— m.  Muriate  ot,  Mag 
nesii  ohloridum  —  m.  Nigra,  Manganese*  black 
oxide  of. 

Magnesia  Opali'na.  A  name  given  by  La- 
mery  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parte  of  antinomy, 
nitrate  of  potass,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  (decre- 
pitated.)   It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 


Magnesia  Salis  Amari,  Magnesia  carbonas 
— m.  Salis  Ebsdamensifl,  Magnesia  carbonas— s*. 
Saturni,  Antimonium — m.  Solution  o£eonde*sed, 
M.  fluid  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Magnesia  oarbo- 


MAGNESIAN 


US 


MAGNETISM 


bh  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Hydrated,  Magnesias 
earbonas  —  m.  Terra,  Magnesia — m.  Vitriolata, 
Magnesia)  sulphas — m.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see 
Soda,  sulphate  of—  m.  Usta,  Magnesia. 

Magnesia  Car'bonas,  M.  Subcar'bonas,  Maa- 
nesia,  (Dublin,)  M.  alra'ta,  M.  carbon'ica,  M. 
alba,  Subcar'bonate  of  Magnesia,  Hy'drated  Sub- 
car' bonate  of  Magnesia,  Henry' $  Magnesia,  M. 
Subcarbon'ica,  M.  Mitis,  M.  Edinburgen'sis,  M. 
SalU  Ebsdamen'sis,  M.  Salts  ama'ri,  Car'bonas 
magne'sicum,  Lac  terra,  Hypocar'bonas  magne'- 
sia,  T.  amara  aSra'ta,  T.  absor'bens  minera'lis, 
T.  Talco'sa  oxyanthraco'des,  (F.)  Sous-carbonate 
ou  carbonate  de  Magnisie,  Magnisie  airie,  M. 
blanche,  M.  erayeuse,  M.  douce,  M.  effervcscente, 
M.  moyenne,  Poudre  de  Sentinelli,  P.  ds  Valen- 
tini,  P.  du  Cotnte  de  Palme.  Prepared  from  sul- 
phate of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate  of  potass.  It 
is  inodorous;  insipid;  light;  white;  spongy; 
opake ;  effervescing  with  acids ;  insoluble  in  wa- 
ter. Properties  the  same  as  the  last;  but  the 
carbonio  acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes  causes 
unpleasant  distension. 

Maonesijs  Citras,  Citrate  of  Magnesia,  (F.) 
Citrate  de  Magnisie.  A  saline  preparation,  formed 
by  saturating  a  solution  of  citric  acid  with  either 
magnesia  or  its  carbonate.  Dose,  an  ounce.  It 
is  devoid  of  the  bitter  taste  of  the  magnesian 
Baits. 

A  solution  in  water,  or  in  mineral  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup,  and  acidulated  with  citric  acid, 
makes  an  agreeable  purgative.  A  simple  solu- 
tion in  water  has  been  called  magnesian  lemonade. 
In  the  effervescing  state,  it  is  the  effervescing 
magnesian  lemonade.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  (1851)  has  a  form  for  the  Liqttor 
Magnesijs  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate  of  Mag- 
nesia. Take  of  Carbonate  of  magnesia,  jkv ;  ci- 
tric acid,  gviiss ;  Syrup '  of  citric  add,  f  5ij ; 
Water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve  the  citric 
acid  in  f  Jiv  of  water,  and  add  Xiv  of  the  carbo- 
nate of  magnesia,  previously  rubbed  with  f  gttj  of 
water.  When  the  reaction  has  ceased,  filter  into 
a  strong  fjxij  glass  bottle,  into  which  the  syrup 
of  citric  acid  has  been  previously  introduced. 
Rub  the  remaining  carbonate  of  magnesia  with 
fgij  of  water,  and  pour  the  mixture  into  the 
bottle,  which  must  be  well  corked,  and  secured 
with  twine ;  and  shake  the  mixture  occasionally 
until  it  becomes  transparent. 

Magnesia  Hypocarbonas,  M.  earbonas  —  m. 
Subcarbonas,  M.  earbonas — m.  Vitriolicum,  Mag- 
nesia sulphas. 

Magnesia  Sulphas,  Sulphas  Magnesia  pttri- 
Jica'ta,  Magnesia  vitriola'ta,  Sal  cathar'ticus 
ama'rus,  Sal  catharticum  amarum,  Sal  ama'rum, 
S.  Analica'num,  Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  Sal  Ep- 
somen'sis,  Sal  cathartic**  Anglica'nus,  Sal  Sedli- 
cen'sis,  Sal  Ebsdamen'si,  S.  Seydschutsen'si,  Terra 
ama'ra  sulphu'rica,  Vitriol'ieum  Magne'sia,  Ep- 
som Salt,  Bitter  purging  Salt,  (P.)  Sulfate  de 
magnisie,  Sel  admirable  de  Limiry,  Sel  tfigra. 
Generally  obtained  from  sea-water.  Its  taste  is 
bitter  and  disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal 
quantity  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  purgative  and 
diuretic.    Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  5 ss  to  £1). 

MAGNESIAN  LEMONADE,  Magnesia 

MAQNJtSIE  a£r£e,  Magnesias  earbonas— 
m.  Blanche,  Magnesias  earbonas — m.  Brulle,  Mag- 
nesia usta — m.  Carbonate  de,  Magnesia  earbo- 
nas—  m.  Canstique,  Magnesia  usta — m.  Citrate 
de,  Magnesia  citras  —  m.  Craysuse,  Magnetise 
earbonas  —  m.  Douce,  Magnesia  earbonas  — m. 
Effervcscente,  Magnesia  earbonas — m.  Moyenne, 
Magnesia  oarbonas— m.  Souscarbonate  de,  Mag* 
nesia  earbonas — m.  Sulfate  de,  Magnesia  sulphas. 

MAGNE'SII  CHLO'BIDUM,  Chloride  of 


Magne'sium,  Muriate,  of  Magnesia,  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild  and 
effective  oholagogne  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  half 
an  ounce  to  the  adult  Being  deliquescent,  it 
may  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight  of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  see  Magnesia— m.  Chloride  of, 
Magnesii  chloridum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  Magnesia 
usta. 

MAGNET,  Magnes,  Magnates,  Ferrum  magnes 
attracto'rium,  SiderHtes,  Sideri'tis,  Lapis  hera- 
cle'us,  L.  Syderi'tis,  L.  nau'ticus,  Magni'tis,  so 
called  from  Magnes,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Mag- 
nesia, whence  it  was  obtained ;  (F.)  Aimant ;  The 
magnet  or  loadstone.  An  amorphous,  oxydulated 
ore  of  iron,  which  exerts  an  attraction  on  un- 
magnetised  iron,  and  has  the  property  of  exhibit- 
ing poles ;  that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its  ex- 
tremities to  the  north.  This  ore,  by  constant  or 
long  rubbing,  communicates  its  properties  to 
iron;  and  thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed. 
Magnetic  ore  is  found  in  many  countries,  and 
particularly  in  the  island  of  Elba.  The  magnet 
is  sometimes  used  to  extract  spioula  of  iron  from 
the  eye  or  from  wounds.  It  has  been  employed 
as  an  antispasmodic ;  but  acts  only  through  the 
imagination.  The  powder  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic  In  Pharmacy,  it  is  used  to  purify  iron 
filings.  It  attracts  the  iron,  and  the  impurities 
remain  behind.  It  formerly  entered,  as  an  ingre- 
dient, into  several  plasters,  to  draw  bullets  and 
heads  of  arrows  from  the  body — as  the  Emplas- 
trum  divinum  Nicolai,  the  Emplastrum  nigrum  of 
Augsburg,  the  Opodeldoch,  and  Attractivwn  of 
Paracelsus,  Ac. 

MAGNETES,  Magnet. 

MAGNET'IC,  Magnet'icus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  magnetism ;  — 
mineral  or  animal. 

Magnetic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particular 
principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  organio 
actions,  which  affects,  it  is  conceived,  the  ner- 
vous system  principally,  and  is  susceptible  of 
being  transmitted  from  one  living  body  to  an- 
other, by  contact  or  simple  approximation,  and 
especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  volition. 
See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plaster.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  had  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Magnes  arsenica'lis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together  in 
a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic  plaster 
was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained  pow- 
dered magnet 

MAGNETINUS,  Potass®  supertartras  im. 
purus. 

MAG'NETISM,  AN'IMAL,  Mesfmerism^ath'- 
etism,  Neuroga'mia,  Bioga'mia,  Biomagnetis'mus, 
Zo'dmagnetismus,  Exon'eurism  (proposed  by  Mr. 
H.  Mayo,)  Telluris'mus,  Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
Oar* gall,  Qargalisfmus,  Oar' gains.  Properties 
attributed  to  the  influence  of  a  particular  princi- 
ple, which  has  been  compared  to  that  which  cha- 
racterizes the  magnet  It  is  supposed  to  be 
transmitted  from  one  person  to  another,  and  to 
impress  peculiar  modifications  on  organic  action, 
especially  on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discus- 
sions, to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise, 
are  by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  Impressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into  a 
kind  of  hysterio  or '  magnetic*  sleep  and  somnam- 
bulism, (designated  by  Mr.  Braid,  hyp'nottsm, 
neuro-hypfnotism,  and  nervous  sleep) ;  but  farther 
than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer  cannot 
reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the  oervef 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses. 


MAGNETIZATION 


bU 


MALADIES 


MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerisation. 
MAGNETIZED,  Mesmerised. 
MAGNETIZER,  Mesmeriser. 
MAGNITIS,  Magnet 
MAGNITUDO  CORPORIS,  Stature. 
MAGNOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 
MAGNOLIA  FRAGRANS,  M.  glauca. 
Magno'lia  Glauca,  M.  fragrans,  Small 
Magnolia,    Magnolia,    Swamp    Sas1  safras,   Elk 
Hark,  Indian  Bark,   White  Laurel,  Sweet  Bay, 
Beaver  Wood,  White  Bay,  Cinchona  of  Virginia, 
Castor  Bay,  Sweet  magnolia.    The  bark  is  pos- 
sessed of  tonic  properties,  resembling  those  of 
caecarilla,  oanella,  Ac     The  same  may  be  said 
of  the  Magnolia  tripe fala  or  Umbrel'la  tree;  the 
M.  aeumina'ta  or  Uu'cumber  tree,  the  M.  grandi- 
fio'ra  and  M.  macrophyVla,  Laurel,  Elk  wood, 
Silvcrleaf,  Big  leaf,  White  Bay,  Beaver  Tree,  Elk 
bark,  Big  bloom. 

MAGNUM  DEI  DONUM,  Cinchona. 

Magnum  Os.  The  third  bone  of  the  lower  row 
of  the  carpus,  reckoning  from  the  thumb.  It  is 
the  largest  bone  of  the  carpus ;  and  is,  also,  called 
Os  capita' turn  ;  (F.)  Grand  Os. 

MAG  RUMS.  A  popular  name  in  the  State  of 
New  York  for  a  singular  convulsive  affection, 
which  resembles  chorea.  It  rarely,  however,  oc- 
curs before  the  adult  age ;  never  ceases  sponta- 
neously, and,  when  fully  developed,  is  devoid  of 
any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAGUEY,  Agave  Americana. 

MAHMOUDY,  Convolvulus  soammonia. 

MAHOQAN  FEBRIFUGE,  Swietenia  febri- 
faga. 

MAHOGANY,  Gynocladus  Canadensis — m. 
Mountain,  Betula  lenta — m.  Tree,  Swietenia  ma- 
hogani. 

MAIANTHEUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MAIDENHAIR,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris — 
m.  American,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Canada, 
Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Common,  Asplenium 
trichomanoides  —  m.  Golden,  Polytrichum — m. 
White,  Asplenium  rata  mnraria. 

MAIDENHEAD,  Virginity. 

MAIDENHOOD,  Virginity. 

MAIEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MAIEUTA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUTER,  Accoucheur.- 

MAIEUTES,  Accoucheur. 

MAIEUTICA  ARS,  Obstetrics. 

MAfGREUR,  Emaciation. 

MAILLET,  Mallet. 

MAILLOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

MAIN,  Manus. 

MAIRANIA  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus  urva^ursi. 

MAlS,  Zea  mays. 

MAJOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  narrow  band  of  mus- 
cular fibres  situate  upon  the  anterior  border  of 
the  helix  of  the  ear,  just  above  the  tragus. 

MAJOR  AN  A,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Hor- 
tensis,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Syriaca,  Ten- 
crium  marum. 

MAL  D AMOUR,  Odontalgia. 

MAL  DES  ARDENS.  A  name  given  to  a 
species  of  pestilential  erysipelas  or  Saint  Antho- 
ny's fire,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  France, 
in  1130. 

MAL  B> A  VENTURE,  Paronychia  —  to.  di 
Breno,  Scherlievo—m.  Oadue,  Epilepsy. 

MAL  BE  CRIM&E  (F.),  Lepre  dee  Coeeaques, 
Lepra  2WW«o.    A  variety  of  lepra  in  the  Cri- 


MAL  BE  BENT,  Odontalgia— m.  (TEstomac, 
Chthonophagia —  m.  Divin,  Epilepsy  —  m.  <TEn- 
font,  Pains  (Labour) — m.  di  Fiume,  Soherlievo— 
«•  Frangais,  Syphilis — m.  de  Gorge,  Cyna&che — 


m.  ffaut,  Epilepsy — m.  de  Machoire,  Trismus— 
to.  de  Mer,  Nausea  marina — to.  de  Mere,  Hysteria 
— m.  de  Miser  e,  Pellagra — «.  de  Naples,  Syphilis 
— m.  Petit,  Epilepsy — to.  du  Roi,  Scrofula — to. 
Rouge  de  Cayenne,  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne— ». 
Saint  Antoine,  Erysipelas — m.  Saint  Jean,  Epi- 
lepsy— to.  Saint  Main,  Lepra,  Psora — to.  di  &*er- 
lievo,  Scherlievo—m.  de  Siam,  Fever,  yellow. 

MAL  BE  SAN  LAZARO,  Cocobay.     A  le- 
prous disease,  common  in  Colombia,  S.  America. 
MAL  BEL  SOLE,  Pellagra— to.  de  Sologney 
Ergotism  —  m.  de  Terre,  Epilepsy  —  to.  d   Tfte, 
Cephalalgia — m.  del  Valle,  Proctocace — to.  Vat, 
see  Anthrax. 
MALA,  Gena— m.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
MALABATH'RINUM.    Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  malabatkrum 
entered. 

MALABA'THRUM,  Cadeji-Indi.  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  These  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriac,  mithridate,  and  other  an- 
cient electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be  from 
a  species  of  laurel — Laurus  Cassia;  but,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  Laurus  Malabathmm,  The 
O'leum  Malabathri  is  obtained  from  it. 

MALACCAS  RADIX,  Sagittarium  alexiphar- 
macum. 
MALACHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 
MALA'CIA,  from  paAaxca,  '  softness.'     A  de- 
pravation of  taste,  in  which  an  almost  universal 
loathing  is  oombined  with  an  exclusive  longing 
for  some  particular  article  of  food.    If  the  pa- 
tient desires  substances  that  are  not  eatable  or 
noxious,  it  constitutes  Pica,  Pieso'sis,  Pitto'sis, 
Heterorex'ia,    Heterorrhex'ia,    Cissa,     CiUo'sis, 
Citta,  Limo'sie  Pica,   Allotriopha'gia,  PicoctV- 
mus,  Pica'tio,  Bepra'ved  ap'petite,  (F.)  Envie. 
These  symptoms  accompany  several  nervous  af- 
fections, —  those  of  females  in  particular.     In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Longing. 
Malacia  Africanokum,  Chthonophagia— m. 
Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 
MALACISMUS,  Mollities. 
MALACOGASTER,  Gastromalaxia. 
MALACOPHO'NUS,  from  fioAawa,  'softness,' 
and  Qvvtj,  '  voice.'    One  who  has  a  soft  voice. 
MALACOPCEA,  Emollients. 
MALACORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 
MALACOSAR'COS,  from  uaXaxes,  'soft,'  and 
vap£, '  flesh.'     One  of  a  soft  constitution :  kab'til 
corporis  mollio'ri  pra'ditu*. — Galen. 

MALACOSIS,  Mollities— m.  Cerebri,  Mollities 
cerebri — m.  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia — m.  Hepalzs, 
Hepatomalacia— m.  Uteri,  Hysteromalacia, 
MALACOSTEON,  Mollities  oseium. 
MALACTICA,  Emollients. 
MALACTICUM,  Relaxant. 
MALABE,  Sick. 

MALADIE,  Disease— n.  Anglaist,  Hypochon- 
driasis—  m.  Bleue,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  de  Bright, 
Kidney,  Blight's  disease  of  the- — m.  de  OrweeiL 
heir,  see  Brash,  weaning — to.  Cuemlaire,  Pertas- 
sis — m.  Glandulaire,  Elephantiasis  Arabica— ■». 
Imaginaire,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

MALADIE  DES  MINEURS.  Ansemia  ec 
ourring  in  the  workers  in  mines. 

MALADIE  NOIRE,  Melsena— to.  du  Pop, 
Nostalgia — to.  Pfdiculaire,  Phthefriasls  —  to.  de 
Pott,  Vertebral  disease— to.  Typhoid*,  see  Typhw 
— -ro.  Vinirienne,  Syphilis— to.  de  Venue,  Syphilis 
m.  de  Werlhof,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

MALA  BIES  A  CQ  UISES,  Acquired  diseases- 
m.  Ann««Ue«,Annual  diseases— m.  Chroniques,Chro- 
nic  diseases — to.  Connies,  Connate  diseases — m. 
DtWrnutfct,  Feigned  diseases — m.Extemes,  Exter- 
nal diseases — m.  Feintcs,  Feigned  diseases — to.  JU- 
riditaires,  Hereditary  diseases— «.  Inniee,  Innate 


MALADTT 


535 


MALPIGHIA 


».  Legitimes,  see  Legitimate — m.  JVer- 
mvuses,  Nervous  diseases  —  m.  SimuUes,  Feigned 
diseases  —  m.  Supplies,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Venteuses,  Pneumatosis. 

MALADTF,  Sickly. 

MALADRERIE,  Ladrerie. 

MALADY,  ENGLISH,  Hypochondriasis. 

M  ALiE,  OS,  from  malum,  *  an  apple ;'  so  called 
from  its  roundness.  Os  mala'rt,  Os  Jug  a' It  f  Os 
Jugamen'tum,  Os  Oen<e,  Zygo'ma,  Os  Zygomat'i- 
eum,  Os  Hypo'pium,  Os  Suboeula'ri,  Os  Pud'icum, 
(F.)  Os  3/alaire,  Os  Zygomaiique,  Os  de  la  Pom- 
mette.  The  cheek  or  malar  bone.  This  bone  is 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  superior  part  of  the 
face ;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatio  region  of  the 
eheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadrilateral.  Its  outer 
surface  is  convex,  covered  by  muscles  and  skin, 
and  pierced  with  canals,  called  malar,  through 
which  vessels  and  nerves  pass.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  concave,  and  forms  part  of  the  orbit  Its 
posterior  surface  is  concave,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is 
thick  and  cellular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal,  temporal,  sphenoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
it,  the  French  call  Pommette. 

MALA  G' MA,  from  aaAaaov,  'I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  local 
application  which  enjoys  the  property  of  soften- 
ing organic  tissues. 

MALAISE,  Indisposition 
'    MALAKIEN,  Mollities. 

MALAMBO  BARK,  Matias. 

MALANDRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  elephan- 
tiasis.—  Marcellus  Empiricus. 

MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with  a 
species  of  lepra. 

MALAR,  Mala'ris,  from  mala,  'the  cheek.' 
Belonging  to  the  eheek, — as  the  malar  bone. 

Malar  Process,  Zygomatio  process. 

MALARE  OS,  Mala?  os. 

MALARIA,  Miasm. 

MALA'RIOUS,  Mala' rial  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  toil,  mala- 
rious disease,  Ac. 

MALASSIMILA'TION,  Malassimila'tio;  from 
mala,  *  bad/  and  assimilatio,  'assimilation.'  Im- 
perfect or  morbid  assimilation  or  nutrition. 

MAL'AXATE,  Molli'ri,  Subig"ere,  Mala- 
cissa'ri,  (F.)  Malaxer,  from  uaXacsis,  'I  soften.' 
To  produce  softening  of  drugs,  by  kneading  them. 
The  process  is  called  Malaxa'tion,  Malaxa'tio. 

MALAXATION,  see  Malaxate. 

MALAXIA  VENTRICULI,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALAXIS,  Mollities  —  m.  Cordis,  Cardioma- 
lacia. 

MALAY,  see  Homo. 

MALAZISSA'TUS,  Malacissa'tus,  from  mala- 
cisso,  *  I  soften.'  One  in  whom  the  testicles  have 
DOtdescended.  It  has,  also,been  used  synonymous- 
ly with  emaseula'tus  and  muliera'tus. —  CastellL 

MALOE,  Chilblain. 

MALE,  Mas,  Mas' cuius.  Of  the  sex  that  be- 
gets young.  Not  female.  What  belongs  to  the 
male  sex ;  as  the  male  organs  of  generation. 

Male,  Axilla — m.  Organ,  Penis. 

MALEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 

MALFORMATION,  malforma'Ho,  maloonfor- 
ma'lio ;  from  mala,  '  bad,'  and  forma,  *  form.' 
A  wrong  formation ;  or  irregularity  in  the  struc- 
ture of  parts.     See  Monster. 

MALIA,  see  Equinia. 

MALIASMUS,  Mali*,  see  Equinia. 

MALICHORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIE,  Equinia. 


MALIGNANT,  Malig'nus,  (F.)  Malin.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms  am 
so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction  of 
the  patient  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  charac- 
ter, although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance j  — 
Morbus  maiignus. 

MALIN,  Malignant 

MALING'ERER;  from  (Y.)malingre,  'sickly.' 
A  simulator  of  disease,  so  termed  in  the  British 
military  service. 

MALIS,  Malias'mos,  Cuta'neous  termination, 
Helminthon'cus.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested 
with  animalcules,  —  Phthiri'asis,  Parasites' mus 
superfie"iei.  In  Persia,  this  affection  is  produced 
by  the  Guinea  worm ;  in  South  America,  by  the 
Chigre  j  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Equinia,  and  Phtheiriasis. 

Malis  Dracunculus,  Dracunculus — m.  Gordii, 
Dracunculus — m.  Pediculi,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malleola'ris,  from  malleolus, 
*  the  ankle.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  are  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep; 
the  one— the  internal — passes  transversely  behind 
the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  anticus,  to  be  distributed 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  internus ;  —  the 
other — the  external — glides  behind  the  tendons 
of  the  extensor  communis  digitorvm  pedis  and  the 
peroneus  brevis,  and  sends  iU  branches  to  the 
parts  which  surround  the  outer  ankle,  as  well  as 
to  the  outer  region  of  the  tarsus. 

MALLEOLI'S.  Diminutive  of  malleus,  'a 
mallet,  or  hammer ;'  Rasce'ta,  Raste'ta,  Rascha, 
Rasetta,  Rase'ta,  Sphyra,  Talus,  Diab'ebos,  Ta- 
Wolus,  Peza,  the  Ankle,  (F.)  MalUole,  CheoilU 
du  Pied.  The  two  projections  formed  by  the 
bones  of  the  leg  at  their  inferior  part  The 
tuner  belongs  to  the  tibia;  the  outer  to  the  fibula. 
The  ankles  afford  attachment  to  ligaments ;  and 
each  has  a  sort  of  gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons 
slide.     See  Malleus. 

MALLET,  MaUe'olus,  (F.)  MaiUet.  A  kind 
of  hammer,  used  with  a  gouge  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomical 
operations. 

MAL'LEUS,  MaUe'olus,  Ossiculum  Malleolo 
assimila'tum,  (F.)  Marteau.  The  longest  and 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  tympanum,  and 
is  united  to  the  membrana  tyrapani.  It  has,  1. 
An  ovoid  head,  which  is  articulated  behind  with 
the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  narrow  part 
called  the  neck :  this  has,  anteriorly,  a  long  apo- 
physis, which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid  fissure, 
and  is  called  the  Apophysis  or  Process,  Processus 
grac"Uis,  of  Ran.  It  affords  attachment  to  the 
anterior  mallei  muscle.  2.  A  handle,  which  forms 
an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and  corresponds 
to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum,  which  it 
seems  to  draw  inwards.  It  is  furnished  at  its  up- 
per extremity  with  a  process — the  processus  brevis, 
to  which  the  internus  mallei  is  attached.  fphis  bone 
is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Malleus,  Equinia — M.  farciminosus,  see  Equi- 
nia—  m.  Slender  Process  of  the,  Grile  apophys* 
du  marteau. 

MALLOW,  COMMON,  Malva—  m.  Compound 
decoction  of,  Deooctum  malvsa  compositum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Abutilon  cordatum. 

MALMEDY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mal- 
medy  is  a  town  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Spa 
and  Coblenz.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  are  seve- 
ral acidulous  chalybeate  springs. 

MALO  Dl  SCAR LIE  VO,  Scherlievo. 

MALOGRANATUM,  Punica  granatum. 

MALPIGHI,  ACINI  OF,  Corpora Malpighiana. 

MALPIG'HIA  MOUREL'LA,  (F.)  MourHU 
Iter,  Simarovba  faux.    The  bark  of  this  shruk  - 


MALPIGHIAN  BODIES 


536 


MAMMARY 


8  native  of  Cayenne  —  is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
and  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALPIGHIAN  BODIES,  Corpora  Malpighi- 
ana—  m.  b.  Inflammation  of  the,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the— m.  b.  of  the  Spleen,  see  Spleen. 

MALPR  AX'IS,  Mala  praxie,  Malum  reg"imen. 
Bad  management  or  treatment. 

MALT,  Sax.  mealo,  Dutch  mont,  Tent 
malt;  from  pakarrta,  'I  soften;'  [?]  Bynl,  Mat- 
turn,  Hor'dei  maltnm,  Bra'eium,  (F.)  Drlche.  Bar- 
ley made  to  germinate,  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
beer.  It  has  been  recommended  in  medicine,  as 
antiscorbutic,  antiscrofulous,  Ac 

Malt  Spirit.  A  spirit  distilled  from  malt  It 
is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  cordials. 

MALTA,  CLIMATE  OP.  The  climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in  the  twenty-four  hours  being  rarely  more 
than  6°.  The  air  is  almost  always  dry  and  clear. 
The  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the  sirocco/which 
is  the  source  of  more  or  less  suffering  to  the  pul- 
monary invalid.  The  winter  climate  is  favoura- 
ble. Dr.  Liddell  thinks  that  no  place  which  he 
has  seen  in  the  south  of  Europe  can  compete  with 
Malta,  for  a  mild,  dry,  bracing  air  in  November, 
December,  and  part  of  January j  and  during  the 
other  winter  and  spring  months,  he  thinks  it  is 
equal  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA,  Malthe,  from  ua\arr<*,  'I  soften/ 
Wax,  particularly  soft  wax. 

MALTHACTICA,  Emo.lients. 

MALTHAXIS,  Mollities. 

MALUM,  Disease,  Melum  —  m.  Articulorum, 
Gout — m.  Caducum,  Epilepsy — m.  Caducum  pul- 
monum,  Asthma — m.  Canum,  see  Pyrus  cydonia 
— m.  Coense,  Averrhoa  carambola — m.  Cotoneum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia  —  m.  Hypoohondriacum,  Hy- 
pochondriasis— m.  Hy  s ten  cum,  Hysteria — m.  In- 
sanum,  see  Solanum  Melongena — m.  Ischiadicum, 
Neuralgia  femo'ro-poplitssa — m.  Lazari,  Elephan- 
tiasis— m.  Lycopersicum,  Solanum  lyoopersicum. 

Malum  Mor'tuum.  A  species  of  lepra,  in 
which  the  affected  portions  of  skin  seem  to  be 
struck  with  death. 

Malum  Pilars,  Trichosis — m.  Pottii,  Vertebral 
disease — m.  Primarium,  Idiopathia — m.  Regimen, 
Malpraxis — m.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium — 
m.  Terrestre,  Atropa  Mandragora — m.  Venereum, 
Syphilis. 

MALUS,  Pyrus  malus  —  m.  Aurantia  major, 
Citrus  aurantium — m.  Communis,  Pyrus  malus — 
m.  Dasyphylla,  Pyrus  malus. 

Malus  In'dica,  Bilumbi  biting -bing  of  Bon- 
tius.  The  juice  of  this  East  India  tree  is  cool- 
ing, and  is  drunk  as  a  cure  for  fevers.  The 
leaves,  boiled  and  made  into  a  cataplasm  with 
rice,  are  famed  in  all  sorts  of  tumours.  The 
juice,  mixed  with  arrack,  is  drunk  for  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea.  The  ripe  fruit  is  eaten  as  a  deli- 
cacy ;  and  the  unripe  is  made  into  a  pickle  for 
the  use  of  the  table. 

Malus  Limonia  Acid  a,  see  Citrus  medica — m. 
Medica,  see  Citrus  medica— m.  Sylvestris,  Pyrus 
malus. 

MALVA,  Malva  eylvee'trie  sen  vulga'rie,  Com- 
mon Mallow,  (F.)  Mauve  eauvage.  The  leaves 
and  flowers  are  chiefly  used  in  fomentations,  cata- 
plasms, and  emollient  enemata.  Its  properties 
are  demulcent 

Malva  rotundifo'lia,  Mal'achi,  Mal'oche,  has 
hko  virtues ;  as  well  as  the  other  varieties. 

MALVAVISCUM,  Alth»a. 

MALVERN,  WATERS  OF.  The  village  of 
Great  Malvern,  (pronounced  Maw'vern,)  in  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  has  for  many  years  been 
oelebrated  for  a  spring  of  remarkable  purity, 
which  has  acquired  the  name  of  the  Holy  well. 
I:  is  a  carbonated  water;  containing  carbonates 


of  soda  and  iron,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride 
of  sodium;  and  is  chiefly  used  externally,  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

MAMA-PIAN.  An  ulcer  of  a  bad  aspect 
which  is  the  commencement  of  the  pian;  and 
which,  after  having  destroyed  the  flesh,  extends 
to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the  Mother  of 
Pian*  / — La  mire  dee  pian*. 

MAMEI,  Mamoe,  Momin  or  Toddy  tret.  From 
incisions  made  in  the  branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copius  discharge  of  pellucid  liquor 
occurs,  which  is  called  momin  or  Toddy  trine.  It 
is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good  an- 
tilithio  and  lithon  trip  tic. 

MAMELLE,  Mamma. 

MAM  EL  ON,  Nipple. 

MAMELONNJt,  Mammilla  ted. 

MAMELONS  DU  REIN,  Papillse  of  the 
kidney. 

MA  MILL  A,  see  Mamma. 

MAMMA,  from  mamma,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  desire  for  food. 
31a*tho*,  Maetue,  Manoe,  Theli,  Titthoe,  Jtuma, 
Tiber,  Nutrix,  Gemip'oma.  The  femaU  breatt, 
(Mammil'la,  MamiUa  being  the  male  breast;)  (F.) 
Mamelle.  A  glandular  organ,  proper  to  a  class 
of  animals  —  the  mammalia  —  and  intended  for 
the  secretion  of  milk.  The  mamma  exist  in 
both  sexes,  but  they  acquire  a  much  greater  siie 
in  the  female ;  especially  during  pregnancy  and 
lactation.  In  women,  before  the  age  of  puberty, 
the  breasts  are  but  little  developed.  At  this 
period,  however,  towards  the  central  part  of  each 
breast,  the  skin  suddenly  changes  colour,  and 
assumes  a  rosy  tint  It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  is 
women  who  have  Buckled  several  children.  This 
circle  has  a  rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  pre- 
sence of  sebaceous  glands,  and  is  called  Are'ola 
or  Aure'ola.  These  glands —  Tubercle*  of  the  Are- 
ola, of  Sir  Astley  Cooper  —  furnish  an  unctuous 
fluid  for  defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of 
the  saliva  of  the  sucking  infant  In  the  midst 
of  the  aureola  is  the  nipple,  a  conoidal  eminence, 
of  a  rosy  tint,  susceptible  of  erection,  and  at  the 
surface  of  which  the  galactophorous  ducts  open. 
Besides  the  skin  covering  them,  the  breasts  are, 
also,  composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty  areolar  tissae, 
more  or  less  thick ;  of  a  large  gland ;  excretory 
ducts ;  vessels,  nerves,  Ac.     See  Mammary. 

The  breasts  are  called  the  bo*om,*inu*,(F.)  Set*. 

Mamma  also  means  a  nurse. 

MAMMAL,  plural  Mamma'lia,  Mam'mifer, 
mammif'eroue  animal ;  from  mamma,  '  a  breast' 
An  animal  that  suckles  its  young. 

MAM'MARY,  Mamma' Hue,  from  momma,  'the 
breast'    Relating  to  the  breasts. 

Mammary  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apoatematosa. 

Mammary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into  —  1.  The  Internal 
Mammary,  Arte'ria  eterna'lie,  A.  Some-eternal 
(Ch.),  Internal  thorae"ie.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian, and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  from  its 
origin  to  the  cartilage  of  the  third  rib.  Below 
the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches ;  the 
one  external,  the  other  internal*  From  its  origin 
until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to  the 
muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thymus, 
mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesophagus.  la 
each  intercostal  space,  it  gives  off  internal  and 
external  mu*eulo-c%taneou*  branches,  and  also, 
on  each  side,  the  euperior  diaphragmatic.  Its 
two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen!  and  anastomose  with 
the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lumbar,  eir- 
cumflexa  ilii,  and  epigastric  arteries.  2.  The  Ex- 
ternal Mammary  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  distinguished  into  euperior  and  inferior.  The 
euperior  external  mammary,  Firet  of  tike  thoraeiee 


UAUMTCA 


587 


MANGANESE 


(Ch.,)  Superior  external  thoracic,  Superior  tho- 
racic, is  furnished  by  the  axillary  artery.  It 
descends  obliquely  forwards  between  the  pector- 
alis  major  and  peotoralis  minor,  to  which  it  is 
distributed  by  a  considerable  number  of  branches. 
The  inferior  external  mammary,  the  eeeond  of  the 
thoracic*  (Ch.,)  Long  or  inferior  thoracic,  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery,  a  little  below  the  pre- 
ceding. It  descends  vertically  oyer  the  lateral 
part  of  the  thorax ;  curves,  afterwards,  inwards ; 
becomes  subcutaneous  and  divides  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  surround  the  breast.  It  gives 
branches  to  the  pectoralis  major,  serratns  major 
anticus,  the  intercostal  muscles,  the  glands  of 
the  axilla,  and  the  integuments  of  the  breast 

Mammary  Gland  is  the  secretory  organ  of  the 
milk.  It  is  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  breast, 
to  which  it  gives  shape  and  size.  The  tissue  of 
this  gland  results  from  the  assemblage  of  lobes 
of  different  size,  united  intimately  by  a  dense  are- 
olar tissue.  Each  of  these  is  composed  of  seve- 
ral lobules,  formed  of  round  granulations,  of  a 
rosy  white  colour,  and  of  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed. 
The  glandular  grains  give  rise  to  the  radicles  of 
the  excretory  canals  of  the  mamma,  which  are 
called  galaetophorou*  or  lactiferou*.  These  ex- 
cretory vessels  unite  in  ramusculi,  rami,  and  in 
trunks  of  greater  or  less  size;  collect  towards 
the  centre  of  the  gland  ,*  are  tortuous,  very  ex- 
tensible and  semi-transparent.  All  terminate  in 
sinuses,  situate  near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which 
are  commonly  from  15  to  18  in  number.  These 
sinuses  are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  are- 
olar tissue.  From  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface. 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries  ; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus ;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous,  and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into  the 
axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  Maetoid  tarcoma  of 
Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  sarcoma  mamma'rum.  A 
tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland ;  dense  and  whitish ;  sometimes  softer 
and  brownish ;  often  producing,  on  extirpation,  a 
malignant  nicer  with  indurated  edges.  Found  in 
various  parts  of  the  body  and  limbs. 

Mammary  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  denomina- 
tions. The  internal  mammary  vein,  of  the  right 
side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava;  that  of  the 
left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian ,  vein. 
The  external  mammary  vein*  open  into  the  axil- 
lary vein. 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  tree  on  which  the  mammee  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  flavour  when 
ripe ;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica,  where 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best  fruit."  of  the  island. 

MAMME A'TA,  Mammo'$a,  from  mamma,  *  the 
breast'    One  who  has  large  breasts. 

MAMMELLA,  Nipple. 

MAMMIFER,  Mammal. 

MAMMIPEROUS  ANIMAL,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA,  Mamma  (male,)  Nipple. 

MAMMILLA  MEDULLARES,  see  Mammil- 
lary. 

MAMMILLARIS,  Mastoid. 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mammillafrie,  from  Mam- 
milla, *  a  small  breast,  a  nipple/    See  Mastoid. 

Mammillary  Em'inencb  is  a  name  given,  1. 
To  more  or  less  marked  prominences  on  the  inner 


surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  con 
respond  to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  cranium. 
2.  To  white,  round,  medullary  tubercles,  of  the 
size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  gray  substance  from  which  the  Tig* 
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises. 
These  Mammillary  Tubercle;  Cor'pora  albican' - 
tia,  C.  Candican'tia,  C.  Mammilla'ria,  C.  Piei- 
for'mia,  Bulbi  for'nici*,  Mammilla  medulla' ret, 
Prominentia  albican'tee,  ProceJeue  mammilla' ree 
cer'ebri,  Proteneio'ne*  giandula're*,  Eminen'tim 
eandican'tee,  Prio'rum  crurum  for'nici*  bulbi, 
WUIW*  Gland*,  (F.)  Bulbee  de  la  route  a  troi* 
piliert,  Tubercle*  pitiforme*  (Ch,),  are  united  to 
each  other  by  a  small  grayish  band,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  third  ventricle.  They  receive 
the  anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix.  Some 
ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous  trunks,  to 
which  Willis  first  gave  the  name  of  olfactory 
nerve*,  for  simple  appendages  of  the  brain,  called 
them,  on  account  of  their  shape,  Carun'culm 
mammilla' res.  Vesalius,  Fallopius,  Columbus,  and 
several  others,  termed  them  Proee*'*u*  mammilla' - 
re*  cer'ebri  ad  nare*, 

MAM'MILLATED,  (F.)  MamelonnS,  from 
mamma,  'the  female  breast'  That  which  hag 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammillated  Liver,  Cirrhosis. 

MAMMOSA,  Mammeata, 

MAMOE,  Mamei. 

MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos,  Homo. 

MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,  Convolvulus  pan- 
duratus. 

MANCHE  D'BIPPOCRATE,  Ohau**e. 

MANCURANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIBULA,  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDIBULARS  MUSCULUS,  Masseter. 

MANDO,  Glutton. 

M  AN  D  R  A  G  OR  A,  Atropa  mandragora— m. 
Acaulis,  Atropa  mandragora  —  m.  Officinalis, 
Atropa  mandragora — m.  Vernalis,  Atropa  man- 
dragora. 

MANDRAGORFTES,  from  pavSpayopa,  the 
At'ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  Wine  in 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  infused. 

MANDRAKE,  Atropa  mandragora,  Podophyl- 
lum peltatum,  P.  montanum. 

MANDUCATIO,  Mastication— m.  Difflcilis, 
Bradymasesis. 

MAN'DUCATORY,  Manduoato'riu* ;  from 
Manducatio,  '  mastication.'  Appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  mastication ;  —  as, 

Manducatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 

MANGANESE,  BLACK  OXIDE  OF,  Man- 
gane'eii  ox'idum,  M.  Binox'idum,  Tetrox'ide  of 
manganese,  Magne'tia  nigra,  Mangane'rium  vitra- 
rio'rum,  M.  oxyda'tum  nati'vum  sea  nigrum,  Man* 
ganer*ium  ochra'ceum  nigrum,  M,  oxyda'tum  nati'- 
vum, Man'ganum  oxyda'tum  nativum,  Molybde- 
num magne'tii,  Oxo'de*  man'gani  nati'va,  Perox'- 
ydum  mangane'rii  nigrum  nativum,  Superox'ydum 
mangan'icum,  (F.)  Oxyde  noir  de  manganese. 
This  oxide  is  not  much  used  in  medicine.  It  has 
been  advised  to  dust  the  affected  parts,  in  tinea 
capitis,  with  the  powder. 

Manganese,  Salts  of,  see  Manganese,  sul- 
phate of. 

MANGANESE,  OXYDE  NOIR  DE,  Man 
ganese,  black  oxide  of. 

Man'oanese,  Sulphate  of,  Mangane'rii  Sul- 
pha*, M.  Protox'idi  Sulpha*,  Sulphate  of  Pro- 
tox'ide  of  Man' ganese.  A  rose-coloured  and  very 
soluble  salt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag 
nesia.  It  is  prepared  on  a  large  scale  for  the  use 
of  the  dyer,  by  heating,  in  a  close  vessel,  peroxide 
of  manganese  and  coal,  and  dissolvii  g  the  inv» 


MANGANE3II 


538 


MANUS 


pare  protoxide  thus  obtained  in  sulphuric  acid, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  chlorohydric  acid 
towards  the  end  of  the  prooess.  The  solution  is 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  again  exposed  to  a  red 
heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  of  iron  is  decom- 
posed. Water  then  dissolves  the  pure  sulphate 
of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of  iron  behind. 

This  salt  has  been  recommended  as  a  chola- 
gogue,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two. 

The  tails  of  manganese  have  been  recommended 
in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoea,  and  as  substitutes 
for  chalybeates  generally.  The  subcarbonate  and 
the  oxide  have  been  chiefly  employed. 

Manganese,  Tbtroxidb  of,  M.  Black  oxide  of. 

MANGANESII  BINOXIDUM,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of — m.  Oxidum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of — m.  Peroxydum  nigrum  nativum,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of — m.  Protoxidi  sulphas, 
Manganese,  sulphate  of— m.  Sulphas,  Manganese, 
sulphate  of. 

MANGANESIUM  OCHRACEUM  NIGRUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of —  m.  Oxydatum  nati- 
vum seu  nigrum,  Manganese,  black  oxide  of — 
m.  Vitrariorum,  Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGANI  OXODES  NATIVA,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MANGANICUM  SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of. 

MANGANUM  OXYDATUM  NATIVUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGE,  Scabies  ferina. 

MANGIF'ERA  IN'DICA,  if.  domesftica. 
The  Mango  tree,  (F.)  Manguier.  A  tree  culti- 
vated over  Asia,  and  in  South  America.  Mangos, 
when  ripe,  are  juicy,  of  a  good  flavour,  and  so 
fragrant  as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  considerable 
distance.  They  are  eaten,  either  raw  or  pre- 
served with  sugar.  From  the  expressed  juice  a 
wine  is  prepared ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  ker- 
nel can  be  reduced  to  an  excellent  flour  for  bread. 

MANGO  TREE,  Mangifera  Indica. 

MANGONISATIO,  Falsification. 

MANGONIUM,  Falsification. 

MANGOSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 

MANGOSTANA,  Garcinia  mangostana — m. 
Cambogia,  Garcinia  cambogia — m.  Garcinia,  Gar- 
cinia mangostana. 

MANGOUSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 

MANOUIERy  Mangifera  Indica. 

MANHOOD,  Adult  age. 

MANI,  Arachis  hypogsea. 

MA'NIA,  Furor,  Hemianthro'pia,  Furor  ma- 
nia, Insa'nia,  Delir'ium  mani'aeum,  Eephro'nia 
mania,  Delir'ium  mania,  D.  furio'sum,  Mania 
universalis,  Vesa'nia  mania,  (F.)  Manie,  Hyper- 
phrinie,  Raving  or  furious  madness;  from  fiaivo- 
pai,  '  I  am  furious.'  With  some,  it  means  insa- 
nity. Disorder  of  the  intellect,  in  which  there  is 
erroneous  judgment  or  hallucination,  which  im- 
pels to  acts  of  fury.  If  the  raving  be  not  di- 
rected to  a  single  object,  it  is  mania  properly  so 
called ;  if  to  one  object,  it  constitutes  monomania, 
which  term  is,  however,  usually  given  to  melan- 
oholy.  Mania  attacks  adults  chiefly;  and  wo- 
men more  frequently  than  men.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  About  one- third  never  recover; 
And  they  who  do  are  apt  to  relapse.  Separation 
is  one  of  the  most  effective  means  of  treatment, 
with  attention  to  the  corporeal  condition  and 
every  thing  that  can  add  to  the  mental  comfort 
of  the  patient,  and  turn  his  thoughts  away  from 
the  subjects  of  his  delusion.  In  the  violence  of 
the  paroxysms,  recourse  must  be  had  to  the  strait 
waistcoat,  the  shower  bath,  Ac.  Separation 
should  be  continued  for  some  weeks  during  con- 
valescence, with  the  view  of  preventing  a  relapse. 

MANIA,  Dancino.  Dancing  plague.  A  form 
•f  convulsion,  whicn  has  appeared,  at  various 


times,  epidemically  under  the  form  of  St  Virus's 
dance,  St  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hysteria, 
Tigretier  (in  Abyssinia),  and  diseased  sympathy; 
and  which  has  been  fully  described  by  Hecker  in 
his  '  Epidemics  of  the  Middle  Ages.'  See  Com- 
vuUionnaire. 

A  form  of  convulsion,  induced  by  religious 
phrenzy,  has  been  vulgarly  called  the  Jerks. 

Mania  Epileptioa,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Erotica, 
Erotomania — m.  Lactea,  M.  puerperal — m.  Me- 
lancholic*, Melancholy — m.  a  Pathemate,  Empa- 
thema — m.  a  Potu,  Delirium  tremens. 

Mania,  Puer'pbbal,  Ma'nia  puerperal  rum 
aeu'ta,  M.  puerptra'lis,  M.  lac' tea,  Insa'nia  pmer- 
pera'rum,  Eneephalopathi'a  puerpera' lis,  Puer- 
peral Insanity.  Mania  which  supervenes  in  the 
childbed  state. 

Mania  Purpbrarum  Acuta,  M.  puerperal  — 
m.  sine  Delirio,  Pathomania  —  m.  a  Temulentia, 
Delirium  tremens — m.  Pellagria,  Pellagra. 

MANIACAL,  Maniodes. 

MANIACUS,  Maniodes. 

MANICA  HIPPOCRATES,  Chausse. 

MANIE,  Mania — m.  sans  Delire,  Einpathema. 

MANIGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisL 

MANIIBAR,  Jatropha  manihot 

MANLLU'VIUM,  Manulu'vium,  from  mamms, 
*  the  hand,'  and  '  lavo,  *  I  wash.'  A  bath  for  the 
hands.  It  may  be  rendered  stimulating,  by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mustard,  Ac. 

MANIOC,  Jatropha  manihot 

MANIO'DES,  Mani'acus,  Mani'acal.  One  la- 
bouring  under  mania;  Hemianthro'pus,  Furio'sus, 
Furibun'dus,  Lyssas,  Lysse'ter. 

MANIPULATION,  from  manus,  'a  hand.' 
Mode  of  working  in  the  arts. 

MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  PoignSe.  The  quantity 
of  a  substance  capable  of  filling  the  hand.  A 
handful.    See  Fasciculus. 

MAN-MIDWIFE,  Accoucheur. 

MANNA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus — ra.  Brianeon, 
see  Pinufl  larix — m.  Brigantina,  see  Pinus  larix— 
m.  Calabrina,  see  Fraxinus  ornus — m.  Croup,  Se- 
molina— m.  Laricea,  see  Pinus  larix — m.  Metal- 
lorum,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

MANNEQUIN,  Fantom. 

MANNEKIN,Fantom. 

MANNIN,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANNITE,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANOSUYRE  (F.),  pronounced  manev'mr; 
from  main,  'the  handy'  and  ceuvre,  'work.'  A 
dexterous  movement  Applied  in  France  to  the 
practice  of  surgical  or  obstetrical  operations  on 
the  dead  body  or  phantom;  Opera' tio  cAimr/- 
giea  vel  obstet'riea. 

MANSANA  ARBOREA,  see  Jujube. 

MANSFORD'S  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 

MANSORIUS,  Buccinator. 

MANSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MANTELE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTI'A,  Man'tica,  Man'tid,  in  English, 
money  ;  a  common  suffix,  denoting  '  divination  ,-* 
Divina'tio,  Pradivinatio,  Prasa'giwn. 

MANTILE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTLE,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

MANUBRIUM,  from  manus,  'a  hand/  The 
handle  of  any  thing:  —  as  manu'brium  maTlei, 
petiolus  mal'lei,  'the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

Manubrium,  Chasse — m.  Manus,  Radius. 

Manubrium  Strrni.  The  uppermost  broad 
part  of  the  sternum. 

MANULUVIUM,  Bath,  hand,  Maniluvium. 

MANUS,  Chcir,  Chir,  Instrumentum  Instrm- 
mentorum,  Hand,  Paw,  (F.)  Main.  The  part 
which  terminates  the  upper  extremity  in  man, 
and  which  is  inservient  to  prehension  and  touch. 
It  extends  from  the  fold  of  the  wrist  to  the  extra* 
mity  of  the  fingers.    The  hand  is  sustained  by  a 


MANUSTUPRATIO 


W» 


MARMELADH 


bony  skeleton,  composed  of  a  number  of  pieces, 
movable  on  each  other ;  of  muscles,  tendons,  car- 
tilages, ligaments,  vessels,  nerves,  Ac.  It  is  di- 
vided into  three  parts  —  the  carpus  or  wrist,  the 
metacarpus,  and  finger*.  Its  concave  surface  is 
called  the  palm;  the  convex  surface  the  back  of 
the  hand.  The  facility  of  being  able  to  oppose 
the  thumb  to  the  fingers  in  order  te  seise  objects 
forms  one  of  the  distinctive  characters  of  the 
human  hand. 

Man  us  Chbisti  Perla'ta.  A  name  anciently 
given  to  troches,  prepared  of  pearls  and  sugar  of 
roses.  They  were  called  Manus  Christi  tim'pliccs, 
whon  pearls  were  not  employed. 

Man  us  Del  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared  of 
wax,  myrrh,  frankincense,  mastich,  gum  ammo- 
niac, galbanum,  oil,  Ac.     See  Opium. 

Manus  Hepatis,  Porta  vena — m.  Jecoris,  Porta 
vena — m.  Parva  majori  adjutrix,  see  Digitus. 
MANUSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 
MANUSTUPRATOR,  Masturbator. 
MANYPLIES,  Omasum. 
MAPLE,  Acer  saccharin  am — m.  Ground,  Heu- 
chera  cortusa* 
MARAIS,  Marsh. 

MARANTA  ARUNDINACEA,  Arrow-root 
Maran'ta  GALAN'GA,  Alpi'nia  galan'ga,  Amo'- 
mum  galanga,  Galanga.  The  smaller  galan'gal. 
Two  kinds  of  galangal  are  mentioned  in  the 
pharmacopoeias  ;  the  greater,  obtained  from 
Kampferia  galanga,  and  the  smaller,  from  the 
root  of  Maranta  galanga.  The  dried  root  is 
brought  from  China,  in  pieces,  from  one  to  two 
inches  in  length,  but  scarcely  half  as  thick; 
branched j  full  of  knots  and  joints,  with  several 
circular  rings,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour,  on  the 
outside,  and  brownish  within.  It  was  formerly 
much  used  as  a  warm  stomachic  bitter,  and  gene- 
rally ordered  in  bitter  infusions.. 
MARASCHINO,  see  Spirit. 
MARASMOP'YRA,  Febria  marasmofdes,  from 
papavMQt,  'marasmus/  and  m>p,  'fever.'  Fever 
of  emaciation  in  general.    Hectic  fever. 

MARASMUS,  Atrophy— m.  Lactantium,  Pae- 
datrophia — m.  Phthisis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Marasmus  Seni'lis,  Tabes  senum,  Geronta- 
tropk'ia.    Progressive  atrophy  of  the  aged. 

Marasmus  Tabes,  Tabes — m.  Tabes  dorsalis, 
Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATHRFTES,  from  uapaSpor,  'fennel.' 
Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROPHYLLUM,  Peucedanum. 
MAR  ATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylvestre,  Peu- 
cedanum. 
MARAUGIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MARBLE,  Marmor. 
MARBRE,  Marmor. 
MARC,  Magma. 

MARCASITA,  Bismuth  —  m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
inbn Urate  of—  m.  Plumbea,  Antimonium. 

MARCASITA  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCHAN'TIA  POLYMOR'PHA,  M.  steU 
la'ta  sen  umbella'ta,  Hepat'ica  fontolna,  Lichen 
stella'tus,  Jecora'ria,  Liv'ertoort,  (F.)  Etpatique 
des  fontaines.    This  plant  is  mildly  pungent  and 
bitter.    It  is  recommended  as  aperient,  resolvent, 
and  antiscorbutic ;  and  is  used  in  diseased  liver,  Ac 
MARCHE  LA,  Walking. 
MARCHIO'NIS  PULVIS,  Powder  of  the  Mar. 
qui*.    A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be  anti- 
epileptlc ;  and  composed  of  Malepaony  root,  Mis- 
tletoe, Ivory  shavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof  of  the  stag, 
Spodium,  Tooth  of  the  monodon,  coral,  Ac. 
MAR  CORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 
MARCORY,  Stillingia. 
MAR&CAQEUX,  Elodes. 


MAREO,  Puna. 

MARE'S  TAIL,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CAN'DIDA,  Lac  lu**.  An  ancient 
name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white,  friable  marl, 
which  was  employed  as  an  astringent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARITA'CEOUS,  Margarita' cevs,  JVa'- 
creous,  (F.)  Nacre";  from  Margarita,  'pearl,  mo- 
ther of  pearl.'  Resembling,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
mother  of  pearl, — as  Leuco'ma  Margarita' ctum; 
Pearl-like  leucoma. 

MARGARON,  Pearl. 

MARGELIS,  Pearl. 

MARGELLIUM,  PearL 

MARGINI-SUS-SCAPULO-  TROCHITB- 
RIEN,  Teres  minor. 

MARGO,  Bord — m.  Dentatus,  see  Retina — m, 
Orbitalis,  see  Orbit 

MARGUERITE  PETITE,  Bellis  — m.  dee 
Prls,  grande,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

MARIENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  springs  in  Bohemia.  The  Kreuzbrunn 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD,  DIAMOND  FIG,  Mesembryan- 
themum  cry  a  tall  in  urn  —  m.  Garden,  Calendula 
officinalis  —  m.  Single,  Calendula  officinalis — m. 
Wild,  Calendula  arvensis. 

MARIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF.  A  cele- 
brated experiment  of  the  Abbe*  Mariotte,  which 
consists  in  placing  two  small  round  spots  on  a 
wall  at  some  distance  from  each  other,  stand- 
ing opposite  the  left-hand  object,  and  looking  at 
it  with  the  right  eye,  the  left  being  closed.  By 
walking  backwards,  until  the  distance  from  the 
object  is  about  five  times  as  great  as  the  distance 
between  the  two  objects,  the  latter  will  be  found 
to  disappear.  Mariotte  and,  after  him,  many 
ophthalmologists,  inferred  that  the  optic  nerve, 
on  which  the  ray  doubtless  falls  in  this  experi- 
ment, is  insensible;  and  hence  that  the  choroid 
may  be  the  seat  of  vision, — not  the  retina.  The 
inference  is  illogical ;  for  it  doubtless  falls  on  the 
part  of  the  optic  nerve  where  the  central  artery 
enters,  and  the  central  vein  leaves  the  eyeball, 
and  where  there  is  necessarily  no  neurine. 

MARIS,  papts.  Ancient  name  of  a  measure, 
containing  83  pints  and  4  ounces. 

MARISCA,  Ficus,  Hsemorrhois. 

MARJOLA1NE,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORAM,  COMMON,  Origanum— m.Wild, 
Origanum — m.  Sweet,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORANA,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Man* 
curana,  Origanum. 

MARMALADE,  Marmelade. 

MARMARYGE,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

MARMARYGO'DES, 'brilliant.'  An  epithet, 
joined  particularly  to  the  word  ofSakpos,  to  indi- 
cate a  brilliant  eye,  a  flashing  eye.  An  eye 
whioh  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary  objects. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

MAR'MELADE,  Marmela'da,  MarmeWta, 
Marmalade,  Miva.  Parts  of  vegetables,  con 
footed  with  sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultaeedai 
consistence. 

Marmelade  of  Apricots.  A  marmelade, 
prepared  with  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  deprived 
of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 

Marmelade  of  Fbrnel,  M.  of  Tronchin. 

Marmelade  of  Tronchin,  or  of  Fernml.  A 
kind  of  thick  looch,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  pre- 
pared with  two  ounces  of  oil  of  sweet  almonds,  at 
much  svrvp  of  violets,  manna  in  tears,  very  fresh 
pulp  of  cassia,  16  grains  of  gum  tragacantk,  aad 


MARMELATA 


540 


MASLACH 


two  drachms  of  orange  flower  water.  It  is  used 
sp  s  laxative,  demulcent,  and  pectoral. 

MARMELATA,  Marmelade. 

MARMOR,  Marble,  Caleis  Car'bonas  durus, 
<F.)  Marbre.  White  granular  carbonate  of  lime. 
Used  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation  of  a  pure 
lime,  and  the  disengagement  of  carbonic  acid.' 

MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

M  ARMORTGE,  see  Metamorphopsia— m.  Hip- 
pocratis,  Hemiopia. 

MAROUTE,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAR'RIOTT,  DRY  VOMIT  OP.  This  once 
celebrated  emetic,  called  dry,  from  its  being  ex- 
hibited without  drink,  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartarized  antimony  and  sulphate  of  copper. 

MARRONIER  &INDE,  .ffisculua  Hippocas- 
tanum. 

MARROW,  My'elos,  Medul'la,  M.  ostium,  Med'- 
ullary  Juice,  Axun'gia  de  Mum'ia,  Sax.  mep&,  (F.) 
MoelU,  Sue  mtdullaire.  The  oily,  inflammable, 
whitish  or  yellowish  juice,  which  fills  the  medul- 
lary canal  of  the  long  bones,  the  cancellated 
structure  at  the  extremities  of  those  bones,  the 
diploe  of  flat  bones,  and  the  interior  of  short 
bones.  The  marrow  is  furnished  by  the  exhala- 
tion of  the  medullary  membrane.  It  is  fluid 
during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form  of  small 
point*  or  brilliant  grains  after  death.  It  is  en- 
veloped in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Marrow,  Spinal,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Ver- 
tebral, Medulla  spinalis. 

MARRUBB  BLANC,  Marrubium  — m.  Noir, 
Ballota  fcetida. 

MARRU'BIUM,  Marrubium  vulga'rl  sen  al- 
bum seu  German1  torn  seu  apulum,  Pra'sium, 
Phrasum,  Horehound,  (F.)  Marrube  blanc.  The 
leaves  have  a  moderately  strong,  aromatic  smell ; 
and  a  very  bitter,  penetrating,  diffusive,  and  du- 
rable taste.  It  has  often  been  given  in  coughs 
and  asthmas,  united  with  sugar.  Dose,  gss  to  gj, 
in  infusion ;  dose  of  extract,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Ford's  Balsam  of  Horehound,  is  made  as 
follows :  —  horehound,  liquorice  root,  aa  tbiij  and 
Sviyj  water,  q.  s.  to  strain  Ibvj.  Infuse.  To 
the  strained  liquor  add : — proof  spirit  or  brandy, 
ibl2:  camphor,  §j  and  gy ;  opium  and  benjamin, 
W  3J;  dried  totalis,  gijj  oil  of  aniseed,  §j  ; 
honey,  tt>iij  and  §viij. — Gray.     It  is  pectoral. 

Marrubium,  Leonurus  cardiaca  —  m.  Album, 
Marrubium — m.  Apulum,  Marrubium — m.  Ger- 
man icum,  Marrubium  —  m.  Nigrum,  Ballota  foe- 
tida — m.  Vulgare,  Marrubium. 

MARS,  Ferrum — m.  Solubilis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
tatum. 

MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  re- 
marks made  upon  the  climate  of  Montpelier  ap- 
ply even  in  greater  force  to  that  of  Marseilles. 
'ft  possesses  all  the  objectionable  qualities  of  the 
climate  of  southeastern  France. 

MARSH,  Limni,  Helos,  Palus,  Sax.  menj»o, 
(F.)  Marais.  Marshy  districts  give  off  emana- 
nations,  whioh  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
and  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many  coun- 
tries. The  chief  disease,  occasioned  by  the  mala- 
ria or  miasm,  is  intermittent  fever.  Hence  it  be- 
comes important  to  drain  such  regions,  if  practi- 
cable. Some  marshy  countries  are  not  so  liable 
to  phthisis  pulmonale,  and  it  has  been  found, 
that  where  intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of  by 
draining,  consumption  has,  at  times,  become  fre- 
quent The  most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi- 
dence in  a  marshy  district  are  during  the  exist- 
ence of  the  summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at 
which  times  the  water  becomes  evaporated,  and 
the  marshy  bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the 
tun's  ray*.  This  postulatam  seems  necessary  for 
the  production  cf  the  miasmata:  for  whilst  the 


marsh  is  well  covered  with  water,  so  i 
given  off. 

Marsh  Poison,  Miasm  (marsh)  —  m.  Mallow, 
Althaea — m.  Rooty  Statice  Caroliniana — m.  Tea, 
Ledum  palustre. 

MARSHALL'S  CERATE,  see  Cerate,  Mar- 
shall's. 

MARSHY,  Elodes. 

MARSIPIUM,  Marsupion. 

MARSUM,  Mar'sium,  Mar'sicum.  An  ancient 
wine  of  Mania,  in  Italy,  which  was  used  as  aa 
astringent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

MARSUPIAL,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSUPIALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob- 
turator interims. 

MARSUPIATE,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSU'PION,  Marsyp'ion,  Marsip'pon,  Mar. 
au'pium,  Mareip'ium,  Sac' cuius.  A  sac  or  bag, 
with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also,  the  ab- 
dominal pouch  in  the  kangaroo,  opossum,  Ac, 
into  whioh  the  young,  born  at  a  very  early  stage 
of  development,  are  received  and  nourished  with 
milk  secreted  from  glands  which  open  into  the 
pouches.  Such  animals  are  terme^  Marsu'pial, 
Marsu'piate,  Marsupia'lia.     See  Generation. 

MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum  —  m.  Musculosum, 
Dartos. 

MARSYPION,  Marsupion. 

MARTEAV,  Malleus. 

MARTIAL,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIALIS,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIANA  POMA,  see  Citrus  aurantinm. 

MARTIA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  Om- 
guent  de  Soldat,  Soldier's  ointment.  This  was 
composed  of  bay  berries,  rue,  marjoratn,  mint,  sage, 
wormwood,  basil,  olive  oil,  yellow  wax,  and  Jfc- 
laga  wine.  It  was  invented  by  Martian ;  and  was 
employed  by  Boldiers  as  a  preservative  against 
cold. 

MARTIS  LIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 

MARUM  CORTUSI,  Teuorium  marum— m 
Creticum,  Teucrium  marum — m.  Syriaeum,  Tea- 
crium  maaim  —  m.  Verum,  Teucrium  marum— 
m.  Vulgare,  Thymus  mastichina. 

MAS,  Male,  Modiolus. 

MASCARPIO,  Masturbator.    v 

MASCHALE,  Axilla. 

MASCHALUSUS,  Axillary. 

MASCHALIATRI'A,  from  jtaogoXt,  <th« 
axilla,'  and  tarpua,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  applications  made  to  the  axilla. 

MASCHALIS,  Axilla. 

MASCHALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCHALON'CUS,  Maschalopa'nus,  from 
/tavgaAq,  '  the  axilla,'  and  oyxof,  '  a  tumour.'  A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swelling  in  the  axilla. 

MASCHALOPANUS,  Maschalonons. 

MASCULA,  Tribade. 

MASCULUS,  Male. 

MASE8IS,  Mastication. 

MASHUA,  (S.)  A  tuberous  root,  of  a  flat, 
pyramidal  shape,  which  is  cultivated  and  cooked 
like  the  potato  by  the  Serranos  of  Peru.  It  is 
watery  and  insipid,  but  nevertheless  is  mueh 
eaten  by  them.  The  Indians  use  the  mash  u»  as 
a  medicine  in  "dropsy,  dyspepsia,  and  dysentery. 
The  plant  is  unknown  to  botanists.  —  Tschudi/ 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  Masque.  A  bandage  ap- 
plied over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in  cases 
of  burns,  scaldB,  or  erysipelas.  It  serves  to  pre- 
serve the  parte  from  the  oontaot  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made  of 
a  piece  of  linen,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in  which 
apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the  eyes, 
nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by  means 
of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

MASLACH,  Moslick,  Am'phion,  An'jxon.    A 


MASQUE 


Ml 


MASTOIDEUS 


medicine  muoh  used  by  the  Turks,  and  into  the 
composition  of  which  opium  enters.  It  is  ex- 
citant. 

MASQUE,  Mask. 

MASS,  /*o£o,  Mawa,  Maeea,  from  paa<rv>,  'I 
mix.'  The  oompound,  from  which  pills  hare  to 
be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass— m.  Carnea  Jacobi  Sylvii,  see 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans  — m.  de  Dactyiis,  Paste,  date  —  m.  de  Ex- 
tracto  glycyrrhiiae,  Pasta  glycyrrhizm,  Ac.  —  m. 
de  Gummi  Arabioo,  Paste,  marshmallow — m.  de 
Ziiyphorum  fruotu,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

MASSAGE,  Shampooing. 

MASSE  UEAU,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSEMA,  Mastication. 

MASSEMENT,  Shampooing. 

MASSES  APOPHYSAIKES,  see  Vertebra*. 

MASSESIS,  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  uaaaopai,  'I  eat,'  «I  ehew.' 
Mus' cuius  mandibula'rie,  (F.)  Zygomato-maxiU 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the  ramus  of  the  lower 
jaw-bone.  It  is  long,  quadrilateral,  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  inferior  edge  and  to  the 
inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic  arch;  below,  it 
terminates  at  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
outer  surface  and  inferior  margin  of  the  ramus 
of  that  bone.  It  is  composed  of  an  intermixture 
of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic  fibres.  Its  office  is  to 
raise  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  act  in  mastication. 

Masseter  Internus,  Pterygoideus  internus. 

MASSETERIC,  Mae'eeterine,  Maeeeter'xeue, 
Masseteri'nue.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  mas- 
seter muscle. 

MASSETERINE  ARTERY  arises  from  the 
trunk  of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis 
profunda  posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  mas- 
soter  muscle,  after  having  passed,  horizontally, 
through  the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw-bone. 

Masseteric  Nerve  is  given  off  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  distri- 
buted on  the  inner  surface  of  the  masseter.  In 
luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is  strongly 
stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  consequently, 
produced. 

Masseterixb  Vein  has  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  maxil- 
lary vein. 

MASSETERINUS,  Masseteric. 

MASSETTE,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSICOT,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum, 

MASSING,  Shampooing. 

MASSULA,  Moleoule. 

MASTADENITIS,  Mastitis. 

MASTALGIA,  Mastodynia. 

MASTAX,  Mystax. 

MASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

MASTER  OF  THE  WOODS,  Galium  oirca>- 
sans. 

MASTERWORT,  Angelica  atropurpurea,  He- 
racleum  lanatum,  Imperatoria. 

MASTESIS,  Mastication. 

MASTHELCOSIS,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

MASTHOS,  Mamma. 

MASTICA'TION,  Maetiea'Ho,  Mase'sis,  Mae- 
se'sis,  Maeee'ma,  Maste'sis,  Manduca'tio,  Oom- 
manduca'tio,  Manduca'tion,  from  uatrrt^ata,  'I 
chew.'  The  action  of  chewing  or  bruising  food, 
to  prepare  it  for  the  digestion  it  has  to  undergo 
in  the  stomach.  This  is  executed  by  the  joint 
action  of  the  tongue,  cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push 
the  alimentary  substance  between  the  teeth;  and 
by  the  motions  of  the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or 
bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,  Maetieato'rium,  Maete'ma, 
J>iamaste'ma.     Same  etymon.     Chewing.     Re- 


lating or  appertaining  to  mastication  or  ca  swing, 
Also,  a  substance,  chewed  with  the  intention  of 
exciting  the  secretion  of  saliva. 

Mastioatobt  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 

MASTICH,  see  Pistaoia  lentiscus  —  m.  Herb, 
common,  Thymus  maatichina— m.  Herb,  Syrian, 
Teucrium  marum  —  m.  Tree,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTICHINA  GALLORUM,  Thymus  mas. 
tichina. 

MASTIGODES  HOMINIS,  Trichocepbalus. 

MASTIGO'SIS,  Flagella'tio.  Flagellation, 
scourging;  employed  by  the  ancients  as  a  remedy 
in  many  diseases. 

MASTITIS,  Maetol'txe,  Mazoi'tie,  Injlamma'- 
tio  Mamma,  Maetadeni'tie,  (F.)  Inflammation  dee 
Mamellee,  from  //acrroj,  '  the  breast,'  and  itie,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  breast. 
Inflammation  of  the  mammary  gland  of  the  preg- 
nant or  parturient  female  is  vulgarly  called  a 
weed,  and  a  weed  in  ike  breaet. 

Mastitis  Apostematosa,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
matosa. 

Mastitis  Puerpera'lis.  Inflammation  of  the 
mamma  in  the  childbed  woman. 

MASTIX,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTODES,  Mastoid. 

MASTODYN'IA,  MaetaVgia,  Mazodyn'xa, 
from  fiaeros,  'the  breast,'  and  oSwij,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  breasts;  a  form  of  neuralgia.  See  Neu- 
ralgia mammas. 

Mastodtx'ia  Apostemato'sa,  Phleg'moni 
Mamma,  Maetheleo'eie,  Maeti'tie  apostemato'sa, 
Qalaetapoete '  ma,  Qalactomastoparecto  'ma,  Ab- 
ecee'eue  Mamma,  A.  lac' texts,  Phleg'moni  Masto- 
dyn'ia,  Abeceee  of  the  Breaet,  Mam'mary  Abeeeee, 
Milk-abscess.  Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the 
breasts,  running  on  to  suppuration,  generally  in 
the  childbed  female.  It  is  one  of  the  best  ex- 
amples of  acute  phlegmonous  inflammation,  and 
requires  the  active  use  of  appropriate  treatment. 

Mastodynia  Polygala,  Sparganosis — m.  Po- 
lygala, Mastospargosis. 

MASTOID,  MastoVdee,  Masto'des,  Mastoldeus, 
Mammilla' ris,Papil'li'i\\i-tmammilli-formis}Mam- 
mi form' is,  Mam'mi/orm,  from  ftaoros,  'a  breast,' 
and  uios,  'form,  resemblance.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  nipple.  Also,  that  which  relates  to  the  mas- 
toid process,  MaetoVdeue, 

Mastoid  Aperture  : — the  opening  of  commu- 
nication between  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum 
and  the  mastoid  cells. 

Mastoid  Cells,  Antrum  mastoVdeum,  Mas- 
toid Simises.  These  are  situate  in  the  mastoid 
process;  communicate  with  each  other,  and  open 
into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Their  use 
seems  to  be  to  increase  the  intensity  of  sound. 

Mastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas-* 
toid  process,  and  gives  passage  to  a  small  artery 
of  the  dura  mater,  as  well  as  to  a  vein  which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  Fossa,  (F.)  QoutH&re  maetoldienn*, 
is  a  depression  at  the  inner  surface  of  the  mastoid 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms  part 
of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  or  Digastric  Groove,  (F.)  Bainvre 
mastoidienne  ou  digaetrique,  is  a  groove,  situate 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process,  which 
affords  attachment  to  the  posterior  belly  of  the 
digastric  muscle; 

Mastoid  Muscle,  Posterior*,  Splenius. 

Mastoid  or  Mam'miporm  or  Mam'mtllary 
Process,  Pars  mastcHdea,  is  situate  at  the  infe- 
rior and  posterior  part  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
gives  attachment  to  the  digastric  and  mastoid 
muscles. 

MASTOIDEUS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoideoi— n, 
Lateralis,  Ccmplexus  minor. 


MASTOlDO-CONCHINIEN 


542 


MATLOCK 


MASTOfDO-CONCMMIEN,  Retrahens  au- 
ris — m.  Oinien,  Digastricus — ».  Hyoginien,  Di- 
gastricus—  tn.  Oriculaire,  Retrahens  auris. 

MASTQN'CUS,  Thclon'cue,  from  uatrroi,  <  the 

breast,*  and  oy«o;,  'a  tumour.'    A  tumefaction 

of  the  nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself. 

Mastongus  Polygalacticus,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOPATHI'A,  from  uavros,  'the  breast,' 

and  naOos,  '  disease.'    An  affection  of  the  breast. 

MASTORRHAG"IA,  from  jiaeros,  'the  breast,' 

and  pnywm,  *  to  flow.'    An  unusual  flow  of  milk. 

MASTOS,  Mamma. 

MASTOSPARGO'SIS,  Maetodyn'ia  polyg'ala, 
Motion' cue  polygalac' ticus,  from  uaorot,  'the 
breast,'  and  ovapyau,  'I  am  full  to  bursting.'  Fui- 
neBS  of  the  breasts  with  milk,  so  that  they  are 
ready  to  burst. 
MASTRUPATIO,  Masturbation. 
MASTURBA'TION,  Oina'dia,  Ga^gali,  Gar1- 
galue,  Gargalifmue,  Maetupra'tio,  Manuetupra'- 
tio,  Manetupra'tio,  from  manue,  'the  hand,'  and 
wtupro,  'I  ravish;'  Ona'nia,  On'anitm,  jEdceo- 
gargarie'mue,  JSdceogar'galus,  Anaplae,mu9,0auf- 
dia  foeda,  Duct'io  prapu'tii,  Vol'untary  PolW- 
tiotiy  Self  Pollution,  Self-abuee,  (P.)  Abu*  de  *oi- 
tntme,  Attouchement.  Excitement  of  the  genital 
organs  by  the  hand. 

MASTURBA'TOR,   Mastupra' tor,   Manuttu- 
pra'tor,  Maecar'pio:  same  etymon.     One  given 
to  masturbation. 
MASTUS,  Mamma, 
MAT,  (P.)  Dull. 

MAT  SON,  (F.)  A  dull  eound.  The  obscure 
noise,  afforded  in  certain  diseases  when  any  part, 
as  the  chest,  is  percussed.  It  has  been  compared 
to  that  produced  when  the  thigh  is  struck.  It  is 
opposed  to  the  Son  elair^pr  '  clear  sound.' 
MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraglensis. 
MATER.  Uterus  —  m.  Dura,  Dura  mater — m. 
Herbarum,  Artemisia  vulgaris  —  m.  Metallorum, 
Hydrargyrum — m.  Mollis,  Pia  mater — m.  Perla- 
rum,  see  Pearl — m.  Pia,  Pia  mater — m.  Secalis, 
Ergot — m.  Tenuis,  Pia  mater. 
MATERIA,  Matter— m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 
Mate'ria  Med'ica,  Pharmacolog"ia,  Pharma- 
^ol'ogy,  Acol'ogy  or  AkoVogy  or  Aceolog"ia,  Hyli 
Iatrici,  Iamatolog"ia,  Iamatol'ogy,  (F.)  Matihre 
Midicale,  The  division  of  medical  science  which 
treats  of  the  knowledge  of  medicines;  their  action 
on  the  animal  economy,  and  mode  of  administra- 
tion. The  study  of  the  Materia  Medica  is  one  of 
great  importance; — it  is  a  study  of  the  tools  with 
which  the  practitioner  has  to  work  in  the  cure 
of  disease.  Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  con- 
triving classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica. 
Some  have  arranged  the  articles  according  to 
their  natural  resemblances ;  others,  according  to 
their  real  or  presumed  virtues :  others,  according 
to  their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
macopoeias place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
the  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  different 
tissues;  but  this  arrangement,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  is  by  no  means  easy ;  and,  moreover, 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  medicines  are 
so  associated  with  certain  terms,  —  as  narcotics, 
tonics,  sedatives,  Ac,  employed  to  denote  certain 
operations,  which  they  are  esteemed  capable  of 
producing,  that,  to  abandon  them,  would  be  to 
throw  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  student,  with- 
out the  ultimate  advantage  accruing  to  him  of 
possessing  a  better  knowledge  of  the  modue  ope- 
randi of  medicines  than  when  a  classification, 
tomewhat  resembling  those  usually  embraced,  is 
Adopted, 


the  Author,  in  bis  "General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,"  4tb  edit,  Philad.,  1850  :— 


1.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  alimentary  ca- 
nal or  its  contents, 

2.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  respiratory  or- 
gans, 

3.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  follicular  or 
glandular  organs, 

4.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  nervous  sys- 
tem, 

5.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  organs  of  re- 
production, 


6.  Agents  that  affect  va- 
rious organs, 


Emetics, 

Cathartics, 

Anthelmintics. 

Expectorants. 

*  Errhines, 
Sialogogues, 
Diuretics, 
Antilithics, 
Diaphoretics. 

'  Narcotics, 
Tetanies, 
Antispasmodics. 

Emmenagoguea, 
Parturifacients. 

Excitants, 
Tonics, 
Astringents, 
Sedatives, 
Refrigerants, 
Re  veil  en  ta, 
Eutrophiea. 
1  Antacids, 
Antalkalies, 
Disinfectants. 
'  Demulcents, 
Diluents. 


7.  Agents  wbose  action  is 
prominently  chemical, 

8.  Agents  whose  action  is 
prominently  mechanical, 

Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
is,  and  must  be,  to  diminish  it  still  further ;  to 
get  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  advan- 
tages over  others  equally  common,  or  whose  pro- 
perties are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been  reputed  to 
possess  virtues;  but  the  majority  are  unneces- 
sary. The  catalogue  might  be  largely  reduced, 
with  impunity. 

Materia  Medica,  Dynamical,  Pharmacody- 
namics. 

Materia  Morbo'sa,  if.  Peccant,  Mate'ria 
Morbi.  Morbid  matter.  The  matter  or  material 
which  is  the  cause  of  disease. 

Materia  Ossea,  Terra  Ossea — m.  Peteant, 
M.  Morbosa — m.  Salina,  Bee  Saliva — m.  Testa- 
cea  dentium,  see  Tooth  —  m.  Urinosa,  Urea.. 

MATERIALISTA,  Druggist 

MA T$RIA UX  IMMiDIATS,  Principles, im- 
mediate. 

MATERIES,  Matter— m.  Morbi,  Materia  mor- 
bosa. 

MATHEWS  PILLS,  Pilulsa  ex  hellebore  et 
myrrha. 

MA'TIAS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree,  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its  natire 
country  in  intermittcnts,  and  as  a  tonic  generally. 
Its  principal  characteristic  constituent  is  a  bitter 
resinous  matter.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  the 
Malambo  bark. 

MATI'CO,  (pronounced  matee'eo,)  Yerbo  del 
Soldado,  or  Soldier's  weed.  A  South  American 
herb  —  Piper  anguetifolium,  Artan'the  elonga'tn 
— which  is  possessed  of  astringent  virtue?,  and  is 
used  both  internally  and  externally.  It  is  given 
in  infueion  made  of  one  ounce  of  the  leaves  to  a 
pint  of  boiling  water,  of  which  the  dose  is  f  Jiss, 
or  in  tincture,  made  of  §iiss  of  tbe  leaves  to  a 
pint  of  dilute  alcohol, 

MATlltRE,  Matter  —  nu  Ciribriforme,  Enet- 
phaloid  —  m.  Extractive  du  Bouillon,  Osmaxomt 
—  m.  Midicale,  Materia  Medica  —  m.  Perife  de 
Kerhring,  Antimonium  diaphoreticnm  —  m.  PuU 
monaire  noire,  see  Pulmo. 

MATLOCK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mat- 


The  following  is  the  classification  adopted  by  I  lock  is  a  village  in  Derbyshire,  England,  at  which 


MATOXIA 


648 


MAXILLARY 


there  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  acidulous  class. 
Temperature  60°.  It  differs  but  little,  except  in 
temperature,  from  good  spring-water.  It  is  ge- 
nerally used  as  a  tepid  bath. 

MATONIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  ear- 
damomum. 
MATORIUM,  Ammoniao,  gum. 
MATRACIUM,  Matrass,  Urinal. 

MATRASS,  Matra'cium.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck ;  and  a  round,  and  sometimes  oval, 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulures,  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  distillation,  di- 
gestion, Ac. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 

MATRICAIRE,  Matricaria. 

MATRICA'LIS,  Matrica'rius,  from  matrix, 
'the  uterus.'     Relating  to  the  uterus. 

Matricalia  are  remedies  for  diseases  of  the 
nterns. 

MATRICARIA,  from  matrix,  'the  womb;'  so 
ealled  from  its  reputed  virtues  in  affections  of 
that  organ.  Matriea'ria  Parthe'niunn,  Parthe1- 
niumfebrif'ugum,  Py'rethrvm  parthe'nium,  Chry- 
wanth'emum  parthe'nium,  Argyrocha'ta,  Chrysoc'- 
alis,  Fever-few,  Feather-fete,  Mother-wort,  (P.) 
Matricaire.  Nat.  Ord.  Composites.  It  resembles, 
in  its  properties,  chamomile  and  tansy ;  and,  like 
them,  has  been  esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resol- 
vent, emmenagogue,  vermifuge,  Ac.  It  is  not 
much  used. 

Matricaria,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

Matricaria  Chamomil'la,  M.  Suai/eolens, 
An' them i»  vnlga'ris,  Chatnome'lum  Vulga'rl,  Cha- 
momil'la nostras,  Leucan'themum  of  IKosoorides, 
Wild  Corn,  Dog* 9  Cham'omiU,  German  Chamo- 
mile, (F.)  Camomille  vulgaire.  It  resembles 
Matricaria  in  properties. 

Matricaria  Glabra'ta.  A  South  African 
plant,  known  at  the  Cape  as  Wild  Chamomile, 
has  the  same  properties  as  the  other  flpecies  of 
matricaria. 

Matricaria  Leucanthemuh,  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum — m.  Suaveolens,  M.  Cham  om  ilia. 

MATH  WE,  Uterus  — m.  Col  de  la,  Collum 
uteri. 

MATRICULATE,  from  matrieula,  diminutive 
of  matrix,  *  a  roll,'  originally  '  an  army  roll  or 
register.1  One  who  is  admitted  into  a  university 
or  college,  by  enrolling  or  having  his  name  en- 
rolled on  the  register  of  the  institution.  In 
France,  prendre  inscription  means  '  to  matricu- 
late ;'  and,  in  tho  university  regulations  of  that 
country,  it  is  required,  that  the  inscription  shall 
be  made  every  three  months,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  prescribed  period  of  study ;  the  stu- 
dent having  to  take  his  inscription  within  the 
first  fortnight  of  each  trimestre  or  of  every  three 
months,  and  to  present  himself  within  the  last 
fortnight  of  the  trimeetre  to  establish  the  fact  of 
his  attendance. 

In  this  country,  it  is  only  necessary  to  matri- 
culate at  the  commencement  of  each  session. 

Ono  who  has  thus  enrolled  himself  in  an  insti- 
tution is  called  a  Matriculate. 

MATRISYLVA,  Asperula  odorata. 

MATRIX,  Cytoblastema,  Uterus  —  m.  Unguis, 
see  Nail. 

MATRONA,  Midwife. 

MATRONALIS,  Viola. 

MATTE  E,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATTER,  Mate'ria,  ffyle,  Mate'ries,  (F.)  Ma- 
tilre.  Any  substance  which  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  a  body.  In  Medicine,  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations  j  and  is 
also  used  synonymously  with  pus/ 

MATTING  OF  PARTS,  Hapantismus. 

MATULA,  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION,  Matura'tio,  from  maturare, 


'to  ripen.'  Pepds'mos,  Pepan'sis.  Progression 
of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The  state  of 
maturity.    Coction. 

MATURATIF,  Maturative. 

MAT'URATIVE,  Matu'rans,  Pepanticos,  (P.) 
Maturatif.  A  medicine  which  favours  the  matu- 
ration of  an  inflammatory  tumour. 

MATURATUS,  Concocted. 

MATU'RITY,  Matu'ritas,  Hora'otes.  The 
state  of  fruits  and  seeds,  when  comparatively  de- 
veloped. State  of  an  abscess,  in  which  the  pus 
is  completely  formed. 

Maturity,  Precocious,  Prseotia. 

MAUDLIN,  Achillea  ageratum —  m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  ageratum  —  m.  Wort,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

MAUVE  SAUVAQE,  Malva. 

MAUX  DE  NERFS,  Hysteria. 

MAXILLA,  Maxillary  Bone. 

MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla'ris,  (F.)  Maxillaire, 
from  maxilla,  '  a  jaw.'  Relating  or  belonging  to 
the  jaws ;  from  uaeeau,  *  I  chew.' 

Maxillary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
1.  External  maxillary.  See  Facial.  2.  Internal 
maxillary  —  A.  Gutturo-maxillaire,  (Ch.)  This 
arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the  tempo- 
ral. It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex  course, 
and  for  the  number  of  branches  which  it  trans- 
mits to  the  deep-seated  parts  of  the  face.  Imme- 
diately after  its  origin,  it  buries  itself  under  the 
neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  inwards  and  down- 
wards. It  then  advances  directly  inwards ;  pro- 
ceeding in  the  space  between  the  two  pterygoid 
muscles  towards  the  maxillary  tuberosity.  It 
turns  again,  becomes  vertical,  and  ascends  into 
the  bottom  of  the  sygomatio  fossa,  until,  having 
arrived  at  the  floor  of  the  orbit,  it  takes  a  hori- 
zontal and  transverse  direction ;  enters  the  sphe- 
nomaxillary fossa,  and  divides  into  several 
branches.     See  Artery,  (table.) 

Maxillary  Bone,  Maxil'la,  Mandib'ula,  Gam'- 
phele,  Gnathus,  Mola,  Siagon,  'jaw.'  (F.)  Ma- 
choire.  A  name  given  to  two  bones,  which  sup- 
port the  teeth,  and,  by  means  of  them,  are  inser- 
vient  to  the  cutting,  bruising,  and  tearing  of 
alimentary  substances. 

Tho  maxillary  bones  are  two  in  number. 

Maxillary  Bone,  Inferior,  Lower  jaw-bone, 
Os  Maxilla're  inferius,  Machoire  diacranienne, 
Maxil'la  inferior,  (F.)  Os  maxillaire,  (Ch.,)  is  a 
symmetrical,  nearly  parabolio  bone,  the  middle 
portion  of  which  is  horizontal,  and  called  the 
body ;  and  the  posterior  is  vertical,  the  angular 
portions  being  termed  Rami  or  branches.  These 
have  behind  a  parotidean  edge,  which  forms  — 
by  uniting  with  the  base  —  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  branches  terminate  above  by  two  processes, 
separated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or  fossa;  the  an- 
terior of  which  is  called  the  eoronoid;  the  poste- 
rior, the  condyloid  process  or  maxillary  condyle, 
supported  by  a  Cervix,  Collum,  or  Neck.  The 
chief  parts  observed  on  the  lower  jaw  are — 1. 
Externally,  —  the  Sym'physis  menli,  Apoph'ysis 
menti,  Mental  foramen,  and  the  external  oblique 
line.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Gen'iapoph'ysis,  the 
internal  or  Myloid  oblique  lines,  and  the  entrance 
of  the  dental  canal.  The  lower  jaw  has,  also,  an 
alveolar  edge,  which  contains  alveoli  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  teeth.  The  lower  jaw-bone  is  de- 
veloped by  two  points  of  ossification,  which  unite 
at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  temporal  bone  and  with  the  teeth. 

Maxillary  Bone,  Superior,  Upper  jaw-bone, 
Maxil'la  superior,  Os  maxilla' 'ri  supe'rius,  Max- 
il'la syncra'nia,  (F.)  Os  sus-^axillaire,  (Ch.,) 
Machoire  syncranienne.  The  upper  jaw-bones 
are  to  the  face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the 
cranium.    They  are  articulated  with  all  the  por- 


MAXILLO 


544 


MECONIUM 


tfonfl  composing  it  They  determine,  almost 
■lone,  the  shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidity. 
Their  site  is  considerable ;  form  unequal.  They 
occupy  the  middle  and  anterior  partSrf  the  face ; 
and  enter  into  the  composition  of  the  nasal  fossae, 
orbit,  and  month.  The  chief  parts  observable  in 
the  upper  jaw  are  —  1.  Externally,  —  the  Natal 
process,  (F.)  Apopkyse  montante,  the  Fora'men 
infra-orb ita' Hum,  Zygomatic proceat,  Canine  fos- 
sa, 3Iyr'ti/orm  fossa.  2.  Internally,  —  the  PaV- 
atine  process,  Ante'rior  paVatine  canal,  and  the 
Antrum  of  Highmore.  Its  circumference  is  very 
unequal,  and  it  has  behind  a  round,  unequal  pro- 
minence, called  the  Maxillary  tuberosity,  which 
is  pierced  by  the  posterior  dental  canal.  Ante- 
riorly, there  is  a  notch,  which  forms  part  of  the 
anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal  fossae,  and  beneath, 
an  eminence,  called  the  anterior  nasal  spine.  The 
lower  part  of  this  circumference  forms  the  alve- 
olar margin.  Each  superior  maxillary  bone  is 
articulated  with  the  ethmoid,  frontal,  nasal,  la- 
chrymal, palatine,  inferior,  spongy,  vomer,  its 
fellow,  the  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  and  sometimes 
the  sphenoid  bone.  It  is  developed  by  four  or  five 
points  of  ossification. 

Maxillary  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Superior  Maxillary  Nerye, 
Nerf  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  middle 
of  the  gangliform  enlargement  of  the  fifth  pair ; 
passes  forwards,  and  issues  from  the  cranium 
through  the  foramen  rotundum  of  the  sphenoid 
bone ;  enters  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  which 
it  crosses  horizontally;  passes  into  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses ;  and  makes  its 
exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives  off  the  fol- 
lowing branches,  —  the  orbitar,  a  branch  which 
goes  to  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion;  posterior 
dental  branches;  the  anterior  dental,  —  and  ter- 
minates in  the  infra-orbitar  nerves,  which  are 
divided  into  superior,  inferior,  and  internal.  The 
inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Nerf  maxillaire  (Ch.),  is 
the  largest  of  the  three  branches  furnished  by  the 
fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid.  Having  reached 
the  zygomatio  fossa,  it  divides  into  two  trunks ; 
the  one  superior  and  external,  which  gives  off 
the  temporales  profundi,  masseterine,  buccal,  and 
pterygoids; — the  other — inferior  and  internal — 
the  larger  of  the  two,  which  furnishes  the  inferior 
dental,  lingual,  and  auricular. 

Maxillary  Veins  present  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompany. 

MAXILL 0 - AL  vtiOLI-  NASAL,  Depressor 
alse  nasi — m.  Labial,  Depressor  anguli  oris  —  m. 
Narinal,  Compressor  naris — m.  Palpibral,  Orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum  —  m.  ScUroticien,  Obliquus 
inferior  oculi.  * 

MAY  APPLE,  Podophyllum  peltatum  — m.  a. 
Mountain,  Podophyllum  montanum — m.  Flower, 
Anthemis  cotula — m.  Weed,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAYELLA,  Curcuma  longa. 

MAYNARD'S  ADHESIVE  LIQUID,  Collo- 
dion. 

MAYS,  Zea  mays — m.  Americana,  Zeamays 
—  m.  Zea,  Zea  mays. 

MAZA,  Mass,  Placenta. 

MA'ZICUS,  from  maza,  'placenta.'  Relating 
to  the  placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  maxa,  *  the  placenta,' 
and  axtoii.  'holding,'  'retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZODYNIA,  Mastodynia, 

MAZOITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAZOL'YSIS,  from  mono,  'placenta,'  and 
tow,  'solution.'    Separation  of  the  placenta. 


MAZOPATHFA,  from  maaa,  'placenta,'  and 
wadot,  *  disease.1  A  disease  of  the  placenta.  One 
originating  from  the  placenta. 

MAZOS,  Mamma. 

MEAD,  Hydromeli,  Melizomum. 

MEADOW  BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris— m. 
Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia-^m.  Pride,  see  Ca- 
lumba — m.  Rue,  Thalictron — m.  Saffron,  Vinegar 
of,  Acetum  colchici — m.  Sweet,  Gillenia  trifoliata, 
Spiraea  ulmaria — m.  Sweety  red,  Spiraea  tomen- 
tosa. 

MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum  dentatum. 

MEASLES,  Rubeola—  m.  Black,  see  Rubeola 
— m.  False,  Roseolse — m.  French,  Roseolse. 

MEASLY,  MorbiUous. 

MEASUREMENT,  Mensuration. 

MEASURING,  MEDICAL,  Mensuration. 

MEAT  BISCUIT,  see  Biscuit,  meat 

MEAT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 

MEAT,  Meatus. 

MEA'TUS,  Ductus,  Cana'lis,  Porus,  (F.)  MeaL 
A  passage  or  canaL 

Meatus  Auditorius  Extbrnus,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, external — m.  Auditorius  internus.  Auditory 
canal,  internal — m.  Cseous,  Eustachian  tube — m. 
Narium,  see  Nasal  fossae  —  m.  Seminales  uteri, 
Tubse  Fallopianse— m.  Seminarius,  Corpus  High- 
mori — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MECHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus— m. 
Bindweed,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

MECHANE,  Machine. 

MECHANEMA,  Machine. 

MECHANICAL,  Mechan'icut,  from  rop»* 
'a  machine.'  An  epithet  given  to  irritating  bo- 
dies, which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a  mechani- 
cal irritant. 

Mechanical  or  Iatro-mathewatical  Physi- 
cians, Iatro-mechan'ici  sen  IHtromathemat'ici,  are 
such  as  refer  every  function,  healthy  or  morbid* 
to  mechanical  or  mathematical  principles ; — Me- 
dici'na  mechan'ica. 

MECHANICS,  AN'IMAL.  That  part  of  phy- 
siology whose  objects  are  to  investigate  the  laws 
of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  animal  body. 

MECH'ANISM.  The  structure  of  a  body; 
the  collection  or  aggregate  of  the  parts  of  a  ma- 
chine; the  mode  in  which  forces  produce  any 
effect,  Ac. 

M&CHE,  Tent  This  term  is  usually  applied 
in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of  threads  of 
charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk  united  together,  which 
are  used  for  deterging  sinuous  or  fistulous  ulcers; 
or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge  natural  or  artificial 
apertures.  They  are  generally  applied  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  Porte-mlcke. 

MECHOACANA  NIGRA,  Convolvulus  jalap* 
— m.  Nigricans,  Convolvulus  jalapa, 

MECHOACANA  RADIX,  Convolvulus  ■«- 
choacan. 

MECHOACAN  DU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra. 


MECOM'ETER,  (F.)  MScomitre  ;  from 
'length,'  and  urrpov,  'measure.'    A  kind  of  jrra- 


»  nna 

«  P*- 
duated  compafls,-^-co7npa»  de  proportion, — used  st 
the  Hospice  de  Maternite*  of  Paris,  to  measure 
the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Meconium,  Opium,  Papaver. 

MECONICUM,  Opiate. 

MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opia'ca;  from 
utjKwv,  '  the  poppy.'    Poisoning  by  opium. 

MECO'NIUM,  same  etymon.  Poppy  Met, 
Papaver* culum,  Purgamen'ta  Infantis,  Mecosu 
The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a  short 
time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated  in  the 
intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a  greenish 
or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid,    it  seam* 


MEOONOLCKHA 


545 


MEDICINA 


formed  of  the  mucous  secretions  of  the  intestines 
mixed  with  bile.    See  Opium. 

MECONOLOG"IA,  Opiolog"ia;  from  ^kuv, 
1  a  poppy/  and  \oyos,  '  a  description/  A  treatise 
on  opium. 

MECONOPSIS  DIPHYLLA,  Stylophorum  di- 
phyllum. 

MEDEA,  Genital  organs. 

M&DECIN,  Physician  —  m.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting physician. 

ME DE CINE,  Medicina— m.  Expectants,  Ex- 
pectation—m.  Ltgale,  Medicine,  legal  — m.  Opi- 
ratoire,  Surgery,  operative  — m.  Perturbatrice, 
Perturbatrix  (Medicina.) 

MEDELA,  Curation. 

MEDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M.  Virgi- 
oiea. 


Medb'ola  Virgin'ioa,  M.  verticiUi/o'lia,  Gy- 
ro'mia  Virgin'ica,  Indian  cu'cumber.  An  indi- 
genous herb,  growing  in  every  part  of  the  United 
States,  the  root  of  which  resembles  a  small  cu- 
cumber.   It  has  been  thought  to  be  diuretic. 

MEDIAN,  Media'nus;  from  medium,  '  the  mid- 
dle.1   That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Like.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal  parts; 
the  one  right,  the  other  left  Ghaussier  calls  the 
linea  alba  the  ligne  mSdiane  of  the  abdomen. 

Median  Nerve,  Midian  digital,  (Ch.)  This 
nerve  arises  chiefly  from  the  anterior  branches  of 
the  last  two  cervical  nerves  and  first  dorsal.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  cervical  pairs  also  send  it  a  branch, 
which  separates  from  the  musculo -cutaneous 
nerve.  ^The  median  nerve  descends  the  inner 
part  of  the  arm  along  the  biceps  muscle.  Op- 
posite the  elbow  joint  it  buries  itself  behind 
the  aponeurosis  of  that  muscle,  and  engages  it- 
self between  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  pronator 
teres.  Lower  down,  it  is  situate  between  the 
flexors— sublimis  and  profundus — and  passes, 
with  their  tendons,  under  the  anterior  annular 
ligament;  it  then  divides  into  five  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  the- 
nar eminence,  to  the  lumbricales,  the  integuments 
of  the  thumb,  the  index,  middle  finger,  and  outer 
part  of  the  ring  finger.  This  nerve  gives  no 
branches  to  the  arm.  In  the  forearm,  it  furnishes 
filaments  to  all  the  pronator  and  flexor  muscles; 
and  one  of  them  accompanies  the  anterior  inter- 
osseous artery.  It  also  gives  off  a  filament  to  the 
integuments  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Median  Veins.  Three  of  the  superficial  veins 
of  the  forearm  are  so  called.  The  median  basilic 
— the  median  cephalic  and  common  median  or  fu- 
nis brachii.  See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 
MEDIANUM,  Mediastinum,  Mesentery. 
MEDIASTINAL,  Mediastinals.  Relating  to 
the  Mediastinum. 

Mediastinal  Arteries  are  very  delicate  arte- 
rial branches,  distributed  in  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  mediastinum.  They  are  distinguished, 
according  to  their  situation,  into  anterior  and 
posterior. 
MEDIASTINITIS,  Mesodmitis. 
MEDIASTI'NUM,  Mediaeti'nus,  quasi,  in  m«- 
dio  stans,  as  being  in  the  middle;  Mesod'mi,  Me- 
dia1 num,  Mesotos' chium,  Mesota'chum,  Septum 
thora'cis,  Hymen  Diaphrat'ton,  Membra' na  Dia- 
phratton,  Membra' na  thora'cem  inter sep'iens,  fn- 
tersepimen'tum  thora'cis,  Diribito'rium,  Dissipi- 
men'tum  thora'cis.  A  membranous  septum  formed 
by  the  approximation  of  the  pleurae,  dividing  the 
chest  into  t*o  parts,  the  one  right,  the  other  left. 
The  mediastinum,  formed  by  a  double  reflection 
of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the  spine  to  the  pos- 
terior surface  of  the  sternum.  Its  anterior  part, 
called  Anterior  mediastinum,  Mediastinum  pecto- 
35 


ra'U,  lodges,  at  its  upper  part,  the  thymus  glan« 
in  ihe  foetus,  and  is  filled  below  with  fatty,  areo- 
lar tissue.  Its  posterior  part,  parallel  to  the 
spine,  is  occupied  by  the  oesophagus,  vena  asy- 
gos,  thoracic  duct,  the  lower  part  of  the  windpipe, 
the  origin  of  the  bronchia  and  a  number  of  lym- 
phatic glands.  This  part  is  called  the  posterior 
mediastinum — Mediastinum  dorsa'le. 

Mediastinux  Auris,  see  Tympanum — m.  Ce- 
rebri, Falx  cerebri,  Septum  lucidum — m.  Testis. 
Corpus  Highmori. 
MEDIASTINUS,  Modiastinum. 
MEDICABILIS,  Curable. 
MEDICABLE,  Curable. 
MED'ICufi.    Sworn  midwives,  whose  duty  it 
was,  of  old,  to  inspect  women  in  cases  of  suspect- 
ed pregnancy. 

MED'ICAL,   Medica'lis,  fiU'ricus,  Peon'ius, 
PtBon'icus,  Physical,  Escula'pian,  (F.)  MidicaL 
Same  etymon  as  Medicament.    Appertaining  or 
relating  to  medicine  or  to  medicines. 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  Medicine,  lemd. 
MEDICALIS,  Medical. 

MED'ICAMENT,  Medicamen'tum,  Bemed'ium, 
Act'sxs,  Acesfma,  Aces'tium,  Aces' tys,  Alt  hoe,  My. 
gias'ma,  la' ma,  Acosf  Medica' men,  Phar'macum, 
Pharmaceu'ma,  Alkar,  Auxil'ium,  Poethe'ma, 
Med'icine,  Physic,  Rem'edy,  (F.)  Memede ;  from 
medxcare,  'to  cure  or  heal.'  A  medicine.  Any 
substance  exhibited  with  the  view  of  curing  or 
allaying  morbid  action.  Medicines  are  obtained 
from  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are  di- 
vided into  internal  and  external,  according  as 
they  are  administered  internally  or  applied  ex- 
ternally. 
MEDICAMENTAL,  Medicinal. 
MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  Medicinal 
stone,  (F.)  Pierre  mSdicamenteuse.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  mixture  of  peroxyd  of  iron,  li- 
tharge, alum,  nitre,  sal  ammoniac,  and  vinegar  • 
evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for  an 
hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  eminentlv 
astringent.  J 

MEDICAMENTUM,  Drug-m.  ex  Palmulis, 
Diaphcenicon. 

MEDICAS'TER,  Medicastra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.    A  charlatan. 

MEDICA'TION,  Medica'Uo,  from  mederi,  'to 
remedy.  The  change  in  the  animal  economy 
produced  by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treat- 
ment by  medicine. 

MEDICI'NA,  Ars  med'ica,  Pes  medica,  Ars 
Machao  ma,  A.  Machabn'ica,  Tat'rice,  Iate'ria, 
Iatr%  a,  latri'ne,  Paos'yni,  Paton'ici,  latrotech'- 
nxci,  Acesto'ria,  Scien'tia  med'ica  seu  mcdendi, 
Sote'ria  doetri'na,  Med'icine,  The  healing  art, 
Physxc,  (F.)  Midecine.  A  science,  the  object  of 
which*  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preservation 
of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to  comprehend 
all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art;  at  othors  to 
comprise  one  great  division,  in  contradistinction 
to  surgery  and  obstetrics.  Medicine,  in  this  sense, 
includes  many  branches ;— the  chief  of  which  are, 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics, 
Hygiene,  Materia  Medica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medicina  Conservativa,  Hygiene— m.  Diab- 
etica, Dietetics— m.  Eelectica,  see  Eclectic  — m 
Effioax,  Surgery  — m.  Equaria,  Hippiatria  —  m! 
Eueotica,  Gymnastus  — m.  Forensis,  Medicine, 
legal— m.  Gymnastica,  Gymnastics— m.  Herme- 
tica,  see  Spagyrists  —  m.  Judiciaria,  Medicine, 
legal— m.  Mechanics*  see  Mechanical— m.  Metho- 
dica,  see  Methodists— m.  Operativa,  Surgery— m. 
Paracelsistica,  see  Spagyrists— m.  Perturbatrix. 
see  Perturbatrix— m.  PoliUca,  Polioe,  medical— 
m.  Sinica,  Chinese  medicine — m.  Spagyrica,  Chy- 
miatria;  see  Spagyrists— m.  State,  Police  modi 


MBDICINABLE 


54* 


MEDULLARY 


Ml— m.  Tristitias;  Croons— m.  Veterinaria,  Vete- 
rinary art. 

MEDICINABLB,  Medicinal. 

MEDICINAL,  Medicina'lU,  Medicamenfal, 
Medic"  inable,  Med' teal,  I'dte^iue,  Heme' dial,  Be- 
me'diate.  Having  a  remedial  power ; — as  medi- 
cinal plants,  Ac.     Relating  to  medicine,  aa 

Medicina'les  Dies,  Medic" inal  day*.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  remedies 
might  be  administered ;  and  especially  evacuanta. 
Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

Medicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament,  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

To  Medicine  was  formerly  used  for  "  to  restore 
or  cure  by  medicine." 

Medicine,  Cubical,  see  Clinical  —  m.  Eclec- 
tic, see  Eclectic  —  m.  Empirical,  Aroanum  —  m. 
Galenic,  Galenism. 

Medicine,  Legal,  Medical  juritpru'dence  of 
some,  Lata  med'icine,  Foren'eic  medicine,  Medi- 
ci* na  forcn'ri*,  Jf.  ittdicia'ria,  Diciatri'a,  (P.) 
Mtdecine  Ugale.  The  application  of  medical 
knowledge  to  the  solution  of  every  question  con 
neeted  with  the  preservation  of  the  species,  and 
the  administration  of  justice. 

Medicine,  Patent,  see  Patent  medicine  —  m, 
Political,  Police,  medical — m.  Quack,  Arcanum. 

M&D1CINIER  CATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha 
enrcas. 

MEDIC0-CHIRURG"ICAL,ifcrf'tco-(7A»rfir'. 
gicu*.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  medicine  and 
jurgery; — as  *  medico-chirurgical  society.' 

Medico-Chirdrgioal  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MEDICO-LEGAL,  Med'iep-lega'li*.  Relating 
lo  legal  medicine;  as  'a  medico-legal  inquiry, 
fnquitit"io  medico- lega' It*— '&  medico-legal  in- 
spection,' Inspec'tio  med'ico-lega'li*. 

MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see  Statistics,  me. 
dical. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician— m.  Equarius, 
Hippiater — m.  Ocularius,  Oculist — m.  Unguenta- 
rins,  latraleptes — m.  Vulnerarius,  see  Deligation 
—  m.  Veterinarius,  Hippiater  —  m.  Vulnerum, 
Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Medim'no*,  utltuvoc.  An  ancient 
measure,  capable  of  containing  about  4  pecks  and 
4  pints. 

MEDITULLIUM,  Diploe*. 

MEDIUM  MUSCULI,  see  Muscle. 

ME'DIUS,  Middle,  Median. 

Middle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  du  Milieu,  is  be- 
tween the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR,  Mespilus. 

MEDO,  Hydroraeli. 

MEDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Leuoorrhcea. 

MEDORRHGSA,  Gonorrhoea — m.Feminarum 
bisons,  Lettcorrhoea — m.  Virilis,  Gonorrhoea. 

MEDULLA,  Marrow  — m.  Cerebri,  see  Cere- 
brum—  m.  Dorsalis,  m.  Spinalis  —  m.  Dorsualis, 
M.  Spinalis  —  m.  Nervorum,  Neurine. 

Mkdul'la  Oblongata,  Cerebral  protu'be- 
rnnce,  Nervous  eyttem  of  the  *en*es,  (Gall,)  Cer- 
ebrum elonga'tum,  (F.)  Meeocephale,  Moille  al- 
longSc,  Mf*enc4phalef  (Ch.)  The  medullary  sub- 
stance that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  The  an- 
terior surface  which  rests  in  the  basilary  groove, 
is  impressed  by  the  basilary  artery.  At  the 
•upper  extremity,  and  on  its  posterior  surface  are 
the  Tubercula  quadrigemina.  At  the  same  ex- 
tremity, the  medulla  gives  rise  to  two  prolonga- 
tions, the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mammillary  eminences,  and 
becoming  lost  in  the  optic  thalami.  The  lower 
extremity  is  called  the  tail  or  Rachid'ian  bulb, 
Bulbu*  rachid'icui,  and  is  continuous  with  the 


medulla  spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  thsl 
some  anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  ob- 
longata. From  the  posterior  angles  two  other 
prolongations  arise,  called  Peduncle*  of  the  cere- 
bellum. The  medulla  oblongata  has  several  emi- 
nences— the  Pone  varolii,  Corpora  pvramdalia, 
C.  oUvaria,  Ac — and  it  has  a  longitudinal  fissure 
before,  and  another  behind,  called  the  anterior 
and  posterior  medium  future*.  The  vesicular 
neurine  in  the  centre  of  the  medulla  is  the  ner- 
vous centre  of  respiration  and  deglutition :  hence 
it  has  been  called  centrum  vital** 

Medulla  Ossium,  Marrow  —  m.  Spins),  M. 
spinalis. 

Medul'la  Spiha'lis  sen  Spina  sen  donuafU* 
sen  dorsa'li*,  Corda  *pina'li*,  Funi*  argent***, 
Rhache'trum,  My'elu*,  M.  rhacki'te*  sen  notion* 
sen  diauche'niu*  BeupsoVte*,  My'elontSotomif'*lM*, 
Rhachx'tee,  JEon,  Medul'la  vertebra'li*,  Procet'iu* 
rachidia'nus,  Sacra  fie* tula,  Spinal  probmga'tvm, 
Ver'tebral  marrow,  Spinal  cord,  Nervout  n*te» 
of  voluntary  motion^and  tactile  impremo*  (Gall), 
Spinal  marrow,  (F.)  Moille  epiniire,  MoHUver- 
Ubrale,  called  by  Ch.,  Prolongement  ruckidit*  of 
the  encephalon,  is  the  continuation  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata.  It  commences  at  the  foramen 
magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  descend*  in 
the  vertebral  canal  as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, without  filling  it;  presenting, in  its  coune, 
several  evident  enlargements.  It  is  grooved  on 
both  its  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces  by  a  far- 
row, which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into 
two  groat  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out  called  Caw 
equi'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  cheval,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spinal  marrow  hai 
no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure,  with  the 
marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed  of  two  snb- 
Btanoes;  one  white,  the  other  gray,  presenting 
an  inverse  arrangement  to  that  which  they  hart 
in  the  brain,  the  white  being  external,  the  cine- 
ritious  at  the  centre.  It  is  enveloped  by  a  yel- 
lowish, fibrous  membrane,  very  resisting,  which 
seems  to  be  continued  insensibly  from  the  pia 
mater,  and  by  two  other  membranes,  which  ere 
merely  prolongations  of  the  arachnoid  and  dma 
mater.    See  Nerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis,  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULLA,  Sperm. 

MED'ULLARY,  Medulla'rU,  from  sW-W, 
'  marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow  or  analogous 
to  marrow.  . 

Medullary  Ar'terie9.  The  arteries,  whitf 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Canal,  see  Canal,  medullar/- 
m.  Cells,  see  Medullary  Membrane  —  m.  J** 
Marrow— m.  Matter  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebnua. 

Medullary  Membrane,  Perio*teum  Inter1*** 
Endoe'teum.  A  vascular,  areolar  web  of  extrem* 
tenuity,  which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines  »• 
inner  surface  of  tho  medullary  canal  of  to**?* 
bones.  This  membrane  has  been  considered** 
a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of  those  bones- 
It  has  numerous  vessels,  which  bury  them*«?*j 
in  the  thickness  of  the  marrow;  and  otD€r,w2f9 
nourish  the  innermost  plates  of  the  bone.  T 
cells  formed  by  it  are  termed  Cel'lula  sen  W- 
culi  medulla' re*.  . 

Medullary  Necrixk,  see  Neurine— m-J*' 
coma,  Enoephaloid,  Hsematodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Substance  of  tbb  kim**  a* 
Kidney  —  m.  s.  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve-fibre. 

Medullary  System.  Bichat  gives  thu !■»■» 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  He  &»' 
guishes  two  species  of  medullary  systems;  "• 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  «**""! 
of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and  too" 


MBDULLITIS 


Ml 


MRLANCHL0RU8 


bones;  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the  central 
canal  of  long  bones. 

Medullary  Tumour  of  the  Lungs,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

MEDULLITIS,  Myelitis. 

MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS,  from  f«y«f 
*  great,'  aydpuir*;,  '  man/  and  ytveas,  '  birth.'  A 
term  used  by  a  French  physician,  named  Robert, 
to  designate  the  art  of  procreating  great  men; 
men  of  mind;  men  of  genius.  He  considered 
that  they  may  be  perpetuated  by  always  taking 
care  to  have  talented  men  united  to  olever 
women ! 

MEGALOCAR'DIA,  from  pvya$,  'great,1  and 
K*p6ta,  *  heart.'  The  state  of  having  a  very  large 
heart. 

MEGALOCCELIA,  Intestine,  great,  Megalo- 
splanchnia. 

MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from  uvyas,  peyaXn, 
'great,'  and  <(><i>vti,  'voice.'  The  condition  of 
having  a  fall,  strong  voice. 

MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS ;  from  fieyaf,  jicvoAi?, 
'great,'  and  ofdaXpos,  'eye.'  A  congenital  de- 
formity, in  which  the  eye  is  inordinately  large. 

MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS,  from  puyaXos, 
'great,'  and  nrAayxvoir,  'a  visons.'  Megalocce'lia. 
Hippocrates  applies  the  epithet  to  those  in  whom 
a  visons,  or  the  viscera,  are  tumid.  Some  have 
used  the  substantive  Megaloeplanch'nia  for  the 
tumour  itself. 

MEGALOSPLENICA,  Splenonoos. 

MBGETHOS,  Stature. 

MEGRIM,  Hemicrania. 

MEIBO'MIUS,  GLANDS  OF,  FoVliclea  of  M., 
Palpebral  Fol'licka,  Cil'iary  F.,  Glandule  ae- 
ha'cea  cilia'rea  sen  Meibomia'na,  Intestin'ula 
Meibo'mii,  Lacu'nm  palpebra'rum,  (F.)  Folliculea 
palpibraux  on  eiliairea,  Glandee  de  Meibomius. 
Small,  sebaceous  follicles,  called  after  Henry 
Meibomius,  although  known  long  before  his  de- 
scription of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
grooves  in  the  tarsal  cartilages ;  and  are  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yellow- 
ish, parallel,  and  vertical  lines ;  sometimes 
straight,  at  others,  tortuous.  They  may  be  seen 
at  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the 
conjunctiva,  and  secrete  a  sebaceous  humour, 
called  Lippitu'do,  Gum,  (F.)  Chassis. 

MEIO'SIS,  Meo'eU,  Mio'sis,  Imminu'tio,  Mi- 
nuthe'aia,  Miniiho'aia,  from  utioto,  '  I  lessen.'  The 
period  of  a  diaease,  in  which  the  symptoms  begin 
to  diminish;  —  the  decline.  Remission.  Also, 
idiotism. 

MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Myurus. 

MEL,  Mali,  Nili'aeum,  Honey,  (F.)  Miel  A 
substance  of  a  muco-sacoharine  nature,  prepared 
by  the  Apia  mellifi'ca,  or  common  bee,  which 
collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  flowers.  Honey 
is  employed  as  aliment,  condiment,  and  medicine. 
It  is  demulcent  and  aperient;  and  is  prescribed 
as  an  adjunct  to  gargles  in  cynanohe  tonsillaris, 
A  a.  It  is,  at  times,  used  as  a  detergent  to  foul 
ulcers.  Virgin  Honey,  Mel  vir'ginum  seu  wV- 
gin'eum,  (F.)  MUX  vierge,  is  that  whioh  flows 
from  the  wax  spontaneously. 

Hill's  Balsam  of  Howry  is  formed  of  balaam 
of  tolu.  ft>j,  honey,  tt>j,  rectified  spirit,  one  gallon. 
It  was  long  a  celebrated  empirical  pectoral. 

Honky  Watbr  is  a  mixture  of  essences  co- 
loured with  saffron.  A  little  honey  is  added  to 
communicate  a  clamminess ;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  it  retain  the  scent  the  longer.  It  is 
used  as  a  scent 

Mel  Acbtatuv,  Oxymel  —  m.  JZgyptiacum, 
JBgyptiaoum — m.  Ae'rium,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m. 
Arundinaeeum,  Saccharum. 

Mil  Bora'cis,  Mel  subbora'cis,  Colluto'rium 


adetrin'gena,  Linimen'tum  da  Bora'ti,  L,  ad  asjft* 
that,  Mel  Boraxa'tum,  Linctua  de  Bora'ci,  L.  ad 
aphthae,  Honey  of  Borax.  (Boracia  contrit.  £j, 
mellis  deepumati  gj,  PA.  L.)  Detergent.  Ap- 
plied to  the  mouth  in  aphthous  affections. 

Mel  Cann  js,  Saccharum  (non  purificatum)  — 
m.  Coctum,  Pelicide. 

Mel  Despuma'tux,  Clarified  Honey,  Ana- 
phrom'eli,  (F.)  Miel  ClariJU.  Melt  the  honey 
in  a  water-bath,  and  remove  the  scum.  Uses  the 
same  as  honey. 

Mel  Prjepara'tum,  Prepared  Honey,  (Mel. 
deepumat.  Oss.  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oj.  Crete  praparat. 
Jss.  To  the  honey  and  diluted  alcohol,  mixed, 
add  the  prepared  chalk,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  for  two  hours,  occasionally  stirring.  Then 
heat  to  ebullition,  filter,  and  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  evaporate  the  clear  liquor  to  the  specific 
gravity  1.32.    Ph.  U.  8.) 

Mel  Rosjb,  Mel  rota' turn,  Melli'tum  de  Roeia, 
Rhodom'eli,  Rhodoatac'ton,  Honey  of  Rosea,  (V.) 
Miel  roaot,  Mellite  de  Roaea.  (Roe*  gallic.  Irj, 
aqua  bullient.  f^xij,mellia  deapum.  f£xx.  Ma- 
cerate the  roses  in  f  3"viij  of  boiling  water  for  four 
hours ;  press  out  as  much  fluid  as  possible  and 
set  aside.  Macerate  the  residue  in  f  5iv  of  boil- 
ing water  for  half  an  hour,  and  again  express. 
Reserve  f  3iv  of  the  first  infusion ;  mix  the  re- 
mainder with  the  infusion  last  obtained ;  add  the 
honey,  and  evaporate  to  a  pint  Lastly,  add  the 
reserved  infusion,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  As- 
tringent and  detergent  Used  chiefly  in  gargles 
and  washes  for  aphthae,  Ac. 

Mel  Scillm,  Oxymel  scillse — m.  Scillse  com- 
positum,  Syrupus  scillsB  compositus. 

Mel  Vinos um,  G&nomel —  m.  Virginum,  see 
MeL 

MELJS'NA,  Melanorrhag"io,  Melanorrhagnia, 
Ic'terua  niger,  Melanchlo'rua,  Melanic'terua,  Me  fas 
Jc'terua,  Morbus  niger  Hippoc'ratia,  Enterorrhae'a, 
Black  Jaundice,  Morbua  niger,  (F.)  Muladia 
noire,  M&line,  Ictlre  noire;  from  ptXas,  'black.' 
A  name  given  to  vomiting  of  black  matter,  ordi- 
narily succeeded  by  evacuations  of  the  same 
character.  It  seems  to  be  often  a  variety  of  hss- 
matemesis.  The  Black  Vomit  in  yellow  fever  is 
owing  to  a  morbid  secretion  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine.  Me- 
lsana  also  signifies  hemorrhage  from  the  intes- 
tines; Fluxua  apWnicua,  Dysenter'ia  epWnica, 
Dejectiofnea  nigra,  Secee'aue  niger,  Hem'orrhoge 
from  the  Intee'tinee. 

Mel*xa  Fuxgosa  CabcixodeSj  Hsematodes 
fungus. 

MELJENORRHAGIA,  Melsena. 

MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUTI,  M.  Minor  seu 
Leucoden'dron,  Myrtua  Leucaden'dron,  Lepto- 
apermum  Leucaden'  drum.  This  plant  affords  the 
Cajeput  Oil,  (see  Cajeput)  The  leaves  are  es- 
teemed diuretic,  stomachic,  and  emmenagogue. 

Melaleuca  Leucodbndron,  M.  Cajaputi — 
m.  Minor,  M.  Cajaputi. 

MELAMPHO'NUS ;  from  juAay,  'obscure/ 
and  <puvrj, '  voice.'  Having  a  hoarse  or  indistinct 
voice. 

MELAMPHTLLUM,  Acanthus  mollis. 

MELAMPODE,  Hellebores  niger. 

MELAMPODIUM,  Hellebores  niger. 

MELANOMA,  Suffocation. 

MELAKfiMIA,  Venosity. 

MEL'ANAGOGUE,  Melanago'gue,  from  utKat, 
'black,'  and  ayw,  'I  expel.'  A  medicine  whioh 
the  ancients  believed  adapted  for  expelling  black 
bile  or  melancholy. 

MELANCHLO'RUS,  from  iu\as,  'black,' and 
XXttfw,  'green.'    The  ancients  gave  this  name 


MELANCHOLB 


648 


MELIANTHUS 


See 


to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  remedies. 
Melee  na. 
MELANCHOLE,  Atrabilis. 
MELANCHOLIA,  Melancholy— m.  Autochi- 
rica,   Suicide  —  m.  Errabunda,    Cuttubuth  —  m. 
Flatuosa,  Hypochondriasis— m.  Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondriasis  — m.  Nervea,  Hypochondriasis 

m.  Pleonectica,  Bee  Pleonectioa  —  m.  Saltans, 

Chorea  —  m.  Suicidium,   Suicide  —  m.  Uterina, 
Nymphomania — m.  Zoanthropia,  Melancholy. 

MEL'ANCHOLIC,  MelanchoVicus,  Melan'cko- 
lus,  Melancholo'des,  from  ptXas,  'black/  and  X0X9, 
'  bile/  One  labouring  under  melancholy.  That 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  melancholy.  In 
popular  language,  one  of  a  gloomy  disposition. 
MELANCHOLINESS,  Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS,  Melancholy. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  Melancko'lia,  same  etymon. 
Lypema'nia,  Ecpkro'nia  Melancko'lia,  Mania 
Melanckol'ica,  Mania  Melancko'lia,  Tristema'nia, 
Barythrmia,Hypolepsioma'nia,Ano&iiaadstric'ta, 
Fixa'tio  mononat'a,  Melanckoliness ;  (F.)  Milan- 
eholie,  Lyperophrdnie.  A  disease  supposed,  by 
the  ancients,  to  be  caused  by  black  bile.  A  va- 
riety of  mental  alienation,  characterized  by  ex- 
cessive gloom,  mistrust,  and  depression,  gene- 
rally, with  insanity  on  one  particular  subject  or 
train  of  ideas,  Monoma'nia,  Monomo'ria.  Pano- 
phobia,  Demonomania,  Erotomania,  Nostalgia, 
Ac,  may  be  referred  to  this  head. 

Melancholy  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloominess 
of  disposition. 

Melancholy,  Erotic,  Erotomania— m.  Love, 
Erotomania. 

MELAN'CHRUS,  Melan'ochrus,  from  ptXat, 
9  black,'  and  gpwfr  '  a  colour.1  One  attacked  with 
black  jaundice.  It  is  probably  an  abbreviation 
of  Melanchlorus. 
MjSlANCOLIE,  Melancholy. 
MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  acidi  hy- 
drocyanici. 

MELAN'IC,  Melan'icus,  Melanotic,  Melanof- 
icus;  from  pcXas,  'black.'     Of  or  belonging  to 
Melanosis ; — as  Melanic  deposit,  a  black  colouring 
matter  deposited  from  the  blood  under  special 
circumstances ; — see  Melanosis. 
MELANIC  DEPOSIT,  Melanosis. 
MELANICTERUS,  Melaena. 
MELANOCHBUS,  Melanchrus. 
MELANOMA,  Melanosis. 
Melanoma  Pdlmonuic,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANOMYCES,  Melanospongus. 
MELANOPATHI'A,  from  fitXas,  'black,'  and 
«a0of,  'affection.'     Ni'gritism,  Niarif'ies.    A  dis- 
ease of  the  skin,  which  consists  in  augmentation 
of  black  pigment ;  generally  in  patches. 
MELANOPHYMA,  Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER,  Piper  nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUMON,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANORRHAGIA,  Melama. 
MELANORRHIZUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
M&LANOSE,  Melanosis. 
MELANOSIS,  Melan'sis,  Melano'ma,  Nigritu'- 
do,  Carcino'ma  melanoficum,  Cancer  mela'neus, 
Fungus    melano'des,  (F.)  Dtginirescence    noire, 
Milanose,  Cancer  milane,  Black  cancer,  Black  tu- 
bercle, from  uiXat,  '  black.'    An  organic  affection, 
in  which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted, 
owing  to  a  melan'ic  deposit,  into  a  black,  hard, 
homogeneous  substance,  near  which  ulcers  or 
cavities  form  j— owing  to  the  softening,  either  of 
the  substance  itself,  or  of   some  other  morbid 
tissue,  —  of  tubercles  especially.    This  morbific 
change  affects  the  lungs  particularly ;  when  it  is 
called  Melanosis  seu  Melano'ma  seu  Anthraco'sis 


Pulmo'num,  Melanopneu'mon,  Nigritrfdo  sea  Car* 
cino'ma  melanot'icum  seu  Melan'sis  Pulmonum, 
Pneumonomebino'sis,  (F.)  Milanose  Pulmonaire. 
It  is,  also,  met  with  in  the  liver  and  areolar  tex- 
ture. Its  causes  are  very  obscure.  Melanosis 
of  the  lungs  constitutes  one  of  the  species  of 
phthisis  of  Bayle ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  distin- 
guish it  from  the  other  species  during  life. 

In  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  Melanosen 
(G.)  forms  a  family  of  diseases. 

Melanosis   Pulmobtum,   see   Melanosis — m. 
Universalis,  Venosity. 
MELANOSMEGMA,  see  Sapo. 
MELANOSPON'GUS,   Melanomyces;  from 
ptXae,  'black,'  and  aroyyof,  'sponge.'    The  tn- 
beriform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 

MELANOTIC,  Melanic  —  m.  Cancer,  Cancer, 
melanotic. 

MEL'ANOTHRIX,  AtricapUl'us,  from  peXc;, 
'black,'  and  £pi£,  '  hair.'    Having  black  hair. 

MELANSIS,  Melanosis— m.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

MELANTHIUM,  Nigella,  M.  Virginicum. 
Melan'thtcm  ViRGrN'icuM,  Melanthium,  Quo- 
fadil;  indigenous;  Order,  M elan th ace*,  flower- 
ing in  July,  is  said  to  be  a  sure  but  severe  remedy 
for  itch. 

MELAS,  Lepra  nigricans — m.  Icterus,  Me- 
lsona. 

MELAS'MA,  Ecckymo'ma  Melasma,  Nignr, 
from  utXat, '  black.'  A  black  spot  or  ecchymeeis, 
occurring  on  the  lower  extremities  of  old  people 
especially.  Also  a  cutaneous  affection  analogous 
to  chloasma,  differing  from  it  only  in  the  dark 
colour  of  the  morbid  pigment  It  is  also  called 
Pityriasis  nigra. 

MELAS'SES,  Molas'ses,  Melus'tum,  Theriaca 
communis,  Syru'pus  empyreumaficus  seu  niger, 
Treacle.  The  syrup,  which  remains  after  the 
juice  of  the  sugar-cane  has  been  subjected  to  all 
the  operations  for  extracting  sugar  from  it  la 
the  United  States,  the  syrup,  made  in  the  process 
of  forming  common  sugar,  is  called  nxclasst*; 
that  remaining  after  the  refinement  of  sugar 
being  termed  sugar-house  melasses  or  trcade. 
Melasses  Spirit,  Rum. 
MELATROPH'IA,  from  ptXos,  'a  limb,'  and 
arpo^ta,  *  wasting.'    Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA,  ftcXna.     Food  made  of  acidulated 
milk. 
MELE,  Specillum. 
MELEA,  Pyrus  malus. 
MELEGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisL 
MELEI'OS,  /i»jX«of,  Meli'nus,  Melias.     A  spe- 
cies  of  alum  found  in  the  island  of  Meloa. 
MJSl^ZE,  Pinus  larix. 
MELI,  Mel. 

MELIA,  Fraxinus  ornus. 
Me'liA  Azkd'arach,  Azedara'cha  ams^M, 
Poison  Berry  Tr.ee,  Ated'arach,  Pride  of  Imdis, 
Pride  of  China,  Pride  tree,  Bop  tree,  Bead  tree. 
Nat.  Ord.  Meliaceae ;  Sex.  SysL  Decandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  the  root — called  in  India 
Ncem  Bark,  Azedarach,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  usaaUr 
given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportion  of  three  or 
four  ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a 
quart  of  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.  The  dose 
is  one  or  two  table-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 
hours,  till  purging  is  induced.  It  is  given  in  this 
manner  as  an  anthelmintic  It  is  sometimes 
formed  into  an  ointment,  and  used  in  tinea 
capitis.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  Syria,  Persia, 
and  the  north  of  India,  and  is  abundant  in  th« 
southern  states  of  the  Union. 
Mklia  Terra,  Creta. 

MELIAN'THUS  MAJOR,  Nat.  Ord.  fygt- 
phyllesa.    A  south  African  plant,  a  decoction  of 


MBLICBRA 


549 


HELOCHITIS 


whose  loaves  is  a  good  external  remedy  in  tinea 
capitis,  crusta  serpiginosa,  necrosis  and  foal 
ulcers.  It  is  also  useful  as  a  gargle  and  lotion 
in  sore  throat  and  diseases  of  the  gums.  The 
bruised  leaves  applied  to  ulcers  promote  granu- 
lation. 

MELICERA,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICERIA,  Hydrarthrus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICE'RIS,  Meli/a'vium,  from  fuXt,  'honey,' 
and  impost  '  wax.'  Emphy'ma  encys'tis  melice'ris. 
An  encysted  tumour  filled  with  a  substance  re- 
sembling honey.    Also,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIC'EROUS,  Mclicer'itous :  same  etymon. 
Having  the  characters  of  meliceris, — as  a  melice- 
rous  tumour. 

MELICERUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICHEIUM,  from  «cAi,  'honey/  and  x**> 
'  I  pour  out.'  A  honey-like  discharge  from  an 
nicer. 

MELICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELIF  AVIUM,  Meliceris,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIGEI'ON,  from  fteXt,  'honey.'  A  fetid 
humour  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bone. 

M&L1LOT,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELIME'LUM,  from  pt\t,  'honey,'  and  unXov, 
'  an  apple.'  A  name  given  to  two  compounds : — 
one  of  honey  and  quince,  the  other  of  honey  and 
apples. 

M^LINE,  Melsena. 

MELINI  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MKLI'NUM,  itrjXivov.  The  ancient  name  of  an 
ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described  by 
Diosoorides  and  Galen :  so  called  from  their  re- 
sembling the  firjXov,  or  quince,  in  colour. 

Melhtuic  Sulphuricuk,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MEL  IN  US,  Meleios. 

MELIPHYLLUM,  Melissa. 

MELIS'SA,  from  ptXieva,  'a  bee,'  because  bees 
gather  honey  from  it.  Melissa  officinalis  seu 
jloma'na  seu  hirsu'ta  seu  cit'rina  seu  extra' ta  seu 
horten'sis,  Citra'go,  Oitra'ria,  Melitei'a,  Meliseob'- 
otos,  MelitaVna,  Melissobotfanum,  MelissophyV  lum, 
Meliphyl'lum,  Mentha  citra'ta,  Me  lit' tie,  Cedro- 
nel'la,  Apias'trum,  Melissa  cit'rina,  Ero'tion, 
Balm,  (F.)  Mil  Use,  La  Ciironelle;  Nat  Ord. 
Labiates.  The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
have  a  pleasant  odour;  and  an  austere  and  aro- 
matic taste.  Balm  was  formerly  much  used  in 
nervous  diseases,  but  is  now  only  employed  when 
made  into  a  tea,  as  a  diluent,  in  febrile  affections. 
It  is  the  basis  of  a  celebrated  preparation, — the 
Eau  des  Carmes. 

Melissa  Calamin'tha,  Calamin'tha,  C.  tnilga'- 
ris  seu  officina'rum  seu  grandijlo'ra,  Thymus  ca- 
lamin'tha, Cal'amint,  (F.)  Calament.  This  plant 
smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more  agreeably. 
It  U  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in  dyspepsia;  fla- 
tulent colic ;  hysteria;  uterine  obstructions,  Ac. 

Melissa  Caxariensis,  Draoocephalum  Cana- 
riense — m.  Citrata,  Melissa — m.  Citrina,  Melissa. 

Melissa  Grawdiflq/ra,  Thymus  grandijlo'rus, 
Calamin'tha  magno  florl,  C.  monta'na,  Mountain 
Cal'aminL  This  plant  resembles  the  last  in 
virtues. 

Melissa  Hirsuta,  Melissa— m.  Hortensis, 
Melissa — m.  Humilis,  Melittia  melissophyllum. 

Melissa  Nep'eta,  Thymus  nep'eta  seu  multijlo- 
rus,  Calamin'tha  An'glica  seu  Pule'gii  odo'rl  seu 
nep'eta  seu  paroiflo'ra  seu  trichot'oma,  Nep'eta 
ogres' tia,  Field  Cal'amint,  Spotted  Cal'amint. 
formerly  used  as  an  aromatic. 

Melissa  PulegioIdes,  Hedeoma— m.  Romana, 
Melissa — m.  Tragi,  Melittis  melissophyllum — m. 
Turcica,  Dracoeephalum  Canariense. 


M&LISSE  DESBOIS,  Melittis  melissophyl- 
lum— m.  de  Moldavie,  Dracoeephalum  Canari- 
ense. 

MELISSOBOTANUM,  Melissa. 

MELISSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 

MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

MELIT^'MIA,  from  fitXt,  '  honey,'  and  'ai/ta, 
'  blood.'  A  condition  of  the  circulating  fluid,  in 
which  it  contains  an  unusual  quantity  of  saccha- 
rine matter. 

MELITjENA,  Melissa. 

mAlITAOBE,  Impetigo. 

MELITEIA,  Melissa. 

MELITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsieana. 

MELPTIS,  Infiamma'tio  gena'rum;  from  pirXo* 
'the  cheek,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  cheek. 

MELITITES,  Hydromeli. 

MELITTA,  Bee. 

MELITTIS,  Melissa. 

Melit'tis  Melissophtl'lux,  La'mium  monta'- 
num,  Melissa  hu'milis  seu  sylves'tris,  Melissa 
Tragi,  La'mium  Plin'ii,  MelissophyV  lum,  Bastard 
Balm,  (F.)  Milisse  des  Bois,  Milissot.  This  plant 
was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm,  in  uterine 
obstructions. 

Melittis  Stlvestris,  M.  Melissophyllum. 

MELITURIA,  Urine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELI'TUS,  Melli'tus,  from  mel,  '  honey.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  honey.     Of  the  nature  of  honey. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  fttXi,  'honey/  and  ^i*, 
'broth;'  Mead,  Melli'na,  Metheg'lin.  A  drink 
prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  mel,  'honey.'  Any  medi- 
cine having  the  consistence  of  honey.  A  fluid 
extract 

MELLICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELLIFAVIUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELLINA,  Melizomum. 

MELLITE.DE  BOSES,  Mel  tossd. 

MELLFTUM,  from  mel,  'honey.'  A  prepared 
honey : — a  medicated  honey. 

Mellituk  de  Acetate  Cupri,  Linimentum 
jfiruginis. 

Mellituk  de  Mercfria'li  Compos'ittty,  (F.) 
Miel  de  mercuriale  composi,  Syr  op  de  longue  vie 
(Suec.  purif.  mercurialis  Sbij,  boraginie,  anchuso 
officinalis,  aa  mss,  iris  pseudacori  radicis  recent. 
5ij,  rad.  sice  gentiana  Jj,  mellis  ibiij,  vini  albi 
zxiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  root*  in  the  wine 
for  24  hours ;  strain ;  mix  the  juices  and  honey ; 
boil  slightly,  and  filter:  then  add  the  two  liquors, 
and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  Ac 

Mellitum  de  Rosis,  Mel  rosso. 

Mellituk  Simplex,  Syru'pus  de  Melle,  Syrup 
of  Money.  (Mellis  tbvj,  aqua  Ibiss,  carbonat. 
colds.  prceparaL  5hj,  Mix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel :  boil  the 
mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or  3 
minutes :  then  add  prepared  animal  charcoal  5  vj, 
two  whites  of  eggs,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water.  Mix 
all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup :  remove 
from  the  fire ;  let  the  syrup  rest  for  15  minutes, 
and  pass  through  a  clollh.    Ph.  P.)    Demulcent 

MELLITUS,  Melitus. 

MELOiE'MIA,  from  psXas,  'black,'  and  'at?*, 
'  blood.'  A  Btate  of  blood,  characterized  by  its 
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro- 
perties. 

MELOCHFTIS,  Lapis  Armefnius,  Armeni'tm, 
Armenian  Stone.  A  variety  of  blue  carbonate 
of  copper.  It  is  found  in  Germany,  the  Tyrol, 
and  especially  in  Armenia.    It  was  formerly  est* 


MELOB 


560 


MEMBRANE 


ployed  as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for  purging 
away  melancholy. 

MEL'OE  NIGER,  M.  Penneylvan'icue.  A  blis- 
tering fly,  native  of  the  United  States.  It  feeds 
upon  Prunel'la  vulga'ria  or  Self-heal,  and  Am- 
bro'ria  trif'ida  or  Stick-weed.  These  flies  re- 
semble the  Spanish  flies  in  properties. 

Meloe  Pennsylvania  s,  M.  niger. 

Mblob  Proscarabje'us,  CantareVlue,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hyhropho- 
bio. 

Meloe  Ve9icatorius,  Gantharis. 

MELON,  itif\ovt  *  an  apple/  A  disorder  of  the 
eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket.  See 
Ezophthalmia. —  CastellL 

Melon,  Cucamis  melo — m.  cTEau,  Cucurbita 
citrullus — m.  Plant,  Cuoumis  melo — m.  Water, 
.  Cucurbit*  citrullus. 

MELONGENA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLACUNTIUM,  Meloplaens. 

MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloplacun'tium,  from  /njAov, 
'  an  apple/  '  a  quince/  A  compound  obtained  by 
boiling  trine,  honey,  quince,  pepper,  Ac.,  together. 
— Galen. 

MELOPLAS'TIC,  Meloplas'ticue  ;  from  utjXov, 
*  the  cheek/  and  *\aocu,  *  I  form/  The  opera- 
tion for  forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of  it 
has  been  lost 

MELOS,  pcXo?,  Membrum,  A  member.  An 
organized  part,  composed  of  other  parts. — Cas- 
telli. 

MELO'SIS,  Catheterie'mue,  CenembaU'rie,  from 
jufXv,  'a  probe/  The  act  of  probing  a  wound, 
ulcer,  Ac. — Hippocrates.     Catheterism. 

MELOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba. 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'trie,  Specil'lum  minus.  A 
•mall  probe,  —  a  probe  for  the  ear.  See  Apyro- 
mele. 

MELOTRIS,  Melotis. 

MELTING,  Fusion. 

MELUM,  pn\ov,  Malum.  An  apple.  Fruit  in 
general.  Also,  a  round,  Arm  female  breast. 
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye;  an 
apple-formed  projection  of  the  eye  from  the 
orbit 

Melum  Armeniacum,  Prunus  armeniaca— m. 
Cydonium,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

MELUSTUM,  Molasses. 

MEMBRA  PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

MEM  BR  AN  A,  Membrane— m.  Abdominis,  Pe- 
ritonaeum— m.  Adiposa,  Cellular  membrane — m. 
Adventitia,  Decidua  refleza — m.  Agnina,  Amnios 
— m.  Amphiblestrodes,  Retina — m.  Arachnoidea, 
Hyaloid  membrane — m.  Capsularis  testis,  Albu- 
ginea — m.  Carnosa,  Dartos  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Cel- 
lular membrane — m.  Cellulosa,  Decidua — m.  Ce- 
rebri tenuis,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cerebri  mollis,  Pia 
mater — m.  Cerebri  propria,  Pia  mater— rm.  Cir- 
eumossalis,  Periosteum — m.  Communis,  Decidua 
— m.  Circumplexa,  Pericardium — m.  Cordis,  Pe- 
ricardium— m.  Costalis,  Pleura— m.  Costas  suo- 
cingens,  Pleura — m.  Crassa,  Decidua  reflexa — 
m.  Cribrosa,  Decidua — m.  Cuticularis,  Dura  ma- 
ter— m.  Decidua  serotina,  see  Decidua — m.  De- 
inuriana,  see  Aqueous  humour,  and  Cornea  —  m. 
Dentata,  Dentioulatum  ligamentum — m.  Derma- 
todes,  Dura  mater — m.  Descemetii,  see  Aqueous 
humour,  and  Cornea — m.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num— m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens,  Dura  mater — 
ni.  Epiorania,  Galea  aponeurotic*  capitis — m. 
Externa  dentium,  Tapetum  alveoli — m.  Farcimi- 
nalis,  Allantois  —  m.  Fenestra*  rotundas,  see  Fe- 
nestra—  m.  Filamentosa,  Decidua  reflexa — m. 
Flooculenta,  Decidua  —  m.  Feetum  involvenB, 
Amnios. 

Mbmbjia'na  Granuloma,  Oran'ular  membrane, 


(F.)  Membrane  gremuleuee,  Couthe  ceUulemi 
(Coste).  A  layer  of  yellow,  granular  matter, 
which  lines  the  inner  layer  of  the  Graafian  follicle. 
Membrana  Interspinals,  Interspinal  liga- 
ment—  m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois  —  m.  Linguc, 
see  Tongue  —  m.  Macilentior,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
hepatic  —  m.  Mucosa,  Decidua,  see  Membrane— 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilema — m.  NictitantTValvola 
semilunaris — m.  Olfactoria,  Pituitary  membrane 

—  m.  Ossis,  Periosteum  —  m.  Ovi  materna,  De- 
cidua—m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymms — m. 
Pellucida,  Amnios— m.  Pinguedinosa,  see  Cellolsr 
membrane— m.  Piriguis  intestinorum,  Mesentery 

—  m.  Pituitaria,  Pituitary  membrane,  see  Mem- 
brane—  m.  Pituitosa,  see  Membrane— m.  Plea- 
retica,  Pleura — m.  Prseexistens,  Decides— m. 
Propria,  Basement  membrane,  and  Follieoli  Oris* 
fiani,  see  Cortex  ovi  —  m.  Pupillaris,  Papular/ 
membrane. 

Mbmbra'na  Putam'inis,  (putamen,  'a  shell  or 
husk.')  The  membrane  adherent  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eggshell. 

Membrana  Retifobmis  Chord,  Decidua  re- 
flexa— m.  Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer.) 

Membrana  Sacciform'is.  A  separate  synovial 
membrane  for  the  inferior  radio-cubital  articala- 
tion,  which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  trian- 
gular ligament,  and  the  sort  of  incomplete  risf 
which  circumscribes  the  head  of  the  ulna. 

Membrana  Semipxllucida,  (Mgo— m.Sm«- 
osa,  Decidua — m.  Subcostalis,  Pleura— m.  So* 
cingens,  Diaphragm,  Pleura. 

Membraha  Testa,  Shell  membrane.  The  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  shell  of  the  bird's  egg :- 
a  simple  membrane. 

Membrana  Thoracek  Intersepisws,  Media- 
stinum— m.  Tympani,  see  Tympanum— m. Tji* 
pani  secundaria,  see  Fenestra —  m.  Urinaria,  Al- 
lantois— m.  Uteri  interna  evoluta,  Decidua-o. 
Uvea,  Uvea— m.  Yasculosa  cerebri,  Pia  mater- 
m.  Yerricularis,  Retina. 

Membra'na  Versicolor.  A  peculiar  ■«■• 
brane  —  according  to  Mr.  Fielding,  of  Holl- 
situate  immediately  behind  the  retina,  awl  » 
connexion  with  it  It  is  separable  into  di*w.c| 
layers  from  the  choroid,  and  is  supplied  witfc 
blood-vessels. 

Membrana  WAcnxDORFiANA,  Papillary  m« 
brane. 

MEMBRANACEOUS,  Membranous. 

MEMBRANE,  Membra'na,  Hymen,  M«** 
Epen'dyma,  A  name,  given  to  different  thin  or- 
gans, representing  a  species  of  supple,  more  or  W 
elastic,  webs;  varying  in  their  structure  andtitai 
properties,  and  intended,  in  general,  to  absorb  <* 
secrete  certain  fluids ;  and  to  separate,  enTe«£ 
and  form  other  organs.  Biehat  has  divided  I* 
membranes  into  simple  and  compound. 

Simple  membrane*  comprise  three  order*.  ]• 
Mucoue  membrane,  Membrana  muceea  wafW- 
to'ea  sen  pituita'ria,  Phleg'mymen,  PM<9**Y £ 
men,  Membrane  foUiculeuee  (Ch.),  is  so  called,  * 
account  of  the  mucous  fluid  by  which  w*J>" 
constantly  lubricated.  They  line  the  eanaU  * 
vities,  and  hollow  organs,  which  wmnuaww* 
externally  by  different  apertures  on  the  m» 
Biehat  refers  the  mucous  membranes  to  two  gn» 
divisions — the  gaetro-pulmonary,  and  t*,e^Ji^ 
urinary.  The  mucous  membranes  have  a  *"*"• 
analogy  with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  In  orP^ 
tion,  functions,  and  diseases.  They  are  Y*Vr~ 
of  chorion,  papillae,  and  epidermis;  •advirt™£ 
nished  with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  «&" 
a  visoid  humour— mucus.  They  receive  a  qw» 
tity  of  arterial  vessels,  veins,  ly^P^^TL 
nerves.  2.  The  Seroue  membranee,  M.  ««*■*• 
eimplee  (Ch.),  are  transparent,  thin,  and  *«£"" 
of  one  lamina.  One  surface  adheres  to  ott*  *» 


MEMBRANE 


551 


MENECRATIS 


tone ;  the  other  ii  smooth,  polished,  and  mois- 
tened by  a  serous  fluid.  They  are  arranged — in 
the  form  of  sacs  without  apertures — as  great,  in- 
termediate reservoirs  for  the  exhalant  and  ab- 
sorbent systems,  in  which  the  serous  fluid  in 
passing  from  one  system  tarries  some  time  before 
it  enters  the  other.  The  serous  membranes  re- 
semble the  areolar  membrane  in  structure  and 
diseases.  They  facilitate  the  motion  on  each 
other  of  the  organs  which  they  envelop.  They 
may  be  divided  into  (a)  Serous  membranes,  pro- 
perly so  called ;  as  the  arachnoid,  pleura,  perito- 
neum, and  tunica  vaginalis,  (o)  Synovial  mem- 
branes or  capsules;  which  belong  to  joints,  ten- 
dons, aponeuroses,  Ac.  These  membranes — mu- 
cous and  serous— are  constituted  of  similar  layers 
—  epithelium,  basement  membrane,  condensed 
areolar  tissue ;  and  a  looser  form  of  areolar  tis- 
sue, termed  submucous  in  one  case, — subserous  in 
the  other.  3.  Fibrous  membranes,  Membrane*  albu- 
gineuses  (Ch.)  These  are  almost  all  continuous, 
and  terminate  at  the  periosteum — their  common 
centre.  They  have  been  divided  into  two  sec- 
tions. 1.  Enveloping  aponeuroses,  Aponeuroses  of 
insertion,  Fibrous  capsules  of  the  joints,  and  Fi- 
brous sheaths  of  tendons.  2.  The  Periosteum,  Dura 
mater,  Sclerotica,  Tunica  albuginea  testis,  Fibrous 
membrane  of  the  spleen,  Ac.  The  fibrous  mem- 
branes are  not  free  or  moistened  by  any  particu- 
lar fluid.  They  adhere  by  both  surfaces  to  the 
neighbouring  parts;  are  firm,  resisting,  but 
slightly  elastic,  and  of  a  white  colour;  sometimes 
pearly  and  glistening.  Their  vessels  are  nume- 
rous, in  some,  as  in  the  dura  mater  and  peri- 
osteum ;  in  others,  scarcely  perceptible,  as  in  the 
aponeuroses.  The  presence  of  nerves  has  never 
been  proved,  although  several  circumstances,  re- 
garding their  sensibility,  render  their  existence 
probable.  The  fibrous  membranes  serve,  in  ge- 
neral, to  augment  the  solidity  of  the  organs  which 
they  envelop ;  to  retain  the  muscles  in  their  re- 
spective positions ;  to  favour  the  motion  of  the 
limbs,  and  that  of  the  muscles  and  skin ;  to  form 
canals  and  rings  for  the  passage  of  different 
organs,  Ac 

Biehat  admits  three  species  of  Compound  Mem- 
branes. 1.  The  Sero-fibrous,  formed  of  a  serous 
and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent  to  each 
other; — as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater,  and  tu- 
nica albuginea.  2.  The  Sero-mucous,  formed  of 
a  serous  and  mucous  lamina;— as  the  gall-bladder 
at  its  lower  part  8.  The  Fibro-mucous,  consti- 
tuted of  the  union  of  a  fibrons  and  mucous  mem- 
brane ;  as  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nasal  fossa, 
{urns,  Ac.  Chaussier  admits  six  kinds  of  mem- 
ranee.  1.  The  laminated.  See  Cellular  Tissue. 
2.  The  serous  or  simple  villous.  8.  The  follicular 
or  complicated  villous.  4.  The  muscular  or  fleshy. 
5.  The  albugineous.     6.  The  albuminous. 

Membrane,  Accidental,  M.  false  —  m.  Acci- 
denielU,  M.  false  —  m.  Adnie,  Conjunctiva  —  m. 
Adventitious,  M.  false  —  m.  Anhistous,  Decidua. 

Membrane,  Basement,  Pri'mary  membrane, 
Membra' na  pro'pria.  A  delicate,  structureless 
lamella  of  membrane  found  beneath  the  epidermis 
or  epithelium,  on  all  the  free  surfaces  of  the  body. 

MEMBRANE  CADUQVE,  Decidua— m.  Ca- 
duque  riflichie,  Decidua  refiexa — ro.  de  Demours, 
see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea  —  m.  de  Des- 
oemet,  see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea. 

Membrane,  False,  Aeciden'tal  membrane,  Ad- 
ventitious membrane,  Pseudo-membrane,  Pseud' y- 
men,  Peeudomefninx,  (F.)  Fausse  membrane,  M.  ac- 
eidentelle.  Membranous  productions,  which  form 
on  all  the  free  natural  surfaces,  and  on  every 
free  accidental  surface  are  so  called.  They 
are,  in  general,  produced  by  the  exudation  of  a 
fibrinous   matter,   susceptible   of  organization, 


which  takes  place  in  consequence  of  inflammation 
of  the  various  tissues.  These  accidental  mem- 
branes  occur  on  the  skin  after  the  application  of 
a  blister;  on  mucous  surfaces,  as  in  croup;  on 
the  parietes  of  inflamed  veins  and  arteries,  Ac 
The  cicatrices  of  wounds  are  formed  of  them. 

MEMBRANE  FAUSSE,  Membrane  false— 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — m.  Granular,  Mem- 
brana  granulosa  —  m.  Oranuleuse,  Membrana 
granulosa — m.  Primary,  Membrane,  basement 
—  m.  Pseudo,  M.  false  —  m.  Hyaloid,  see  Hya- 
loid membrane  —  m.  Ruyschienne,  Choroid  (in- 
ner layer),  Ruyschiana  tunica — m.  Shell,  Mem- 
brana testae  —  m.  du  Tympan,  see  Tympanum-— 
m.  Virginal,  Hymen  —  m.  Vitellary,  Zona  pellu- 
cida — m.  Vitelline,  Zona  pellucida. 

MEMBRANES  ALBUGINEUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrous,  see  Albuginea — ro.  FollicuUuses, 
Membranes,  mucous — m.  Veloutiee,  Villous  mem- 
branes— m.  Villeuses  simples,  Membranes,  serous. 

Membranes  of  the  Fcbtus,  Membra'n*  foetum 
involven'tes,  Velamen'ta  infan'tis.  The  membranes 
which  immediately  envelop  the  foetus  in  the  ca- 
vity of  the  uterus,  and  the  rupture  of  which  gives 
rise  to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.  These 
membranes  are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  amnion. 

MEMBRANEUX,  Membranous. 

MEMBRAN'IFORM,  Membraniform'is,  from 
membrana,  and  forma; — resembling  a  membrane. 
A  name  given  to  thin  and  flat  parts,  which  re- 
semble membranes. 

Membraniform  Muscles.  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abdominis,  Ac.       , 

MEMBRANOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

MEM'BRANOUS,  Membrano'sus,  Membrana' - 
ceus,  Hymeno'des,  (F.)  Membraneitx.  Having  the 
nature  of  membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRANULA,  Hymenium— m.  Coronse  ci- 
liaris,  see  Ciliary — m.  Lunata  vagina?,  Hymen — 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilema — m.  Semilunaris  con- 
junctivas, Valvnla  semilunaris. 

MEM'BR  AN  ULE,  Membran'ula,  diminutive  of 
membrana,  *  a  membrane.'    A  small  membrane 

MEMBRE,  Membrum  — m.  Viril,  Penis. 

MEMBRO'SUS,  Membro'sior,  Mentula'tus,  Mu- 
tonia'tus,  Nasa'tus,  valde  Mentula'tus,  Fascine' - 
sus,  Psolon,  from  membrum,  'the  male  organ.' 
One  whose  penis  is  very  large. 

MEMBRUM,  Artus,  Melon,  Colon,  a  limb,  a 
member,  (F.)  Membre.  The  limbs  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts  exterior 
to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  apparent, 
long,  and  moveable.  It  is  by  means  of  their 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend  them- 
selves, or  attack  others.  The  limbs  are  arranged 
on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  with  which  they  are 
articulated.  In  man,  they  are  four  in  number : 
— two  tipper  or  thoracic,  and  two  lower,  pelvic  or 
abdominal.    Also,  the  male  organ. 

Mexbrttk  Genitals  Viroruh,  Penis — m.  Mu- 
liebre,  Clitoris — m.  Seminal  e,  Penis — m.  Virile, 
Penis. 

MtMOIRE,  Memory— m.  Perte  de,  Amnesia. 

MEMORIA  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'ORY,  Memo'ria,  Mneme,  Hypomne'sis, 
Recorda'tio,  Recorda'tus,  (F.)  M4  moire.  The  ce- 
rebral faculty,  by  virtue  of  which  past  impressions 
are  recalled  to  the  mind. 

MEMPHI'TES  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone,  found 
in  the  environs  of  Memphis;  which  was  formerly 
esteemed  narcotic 

MENAGOGUES,  Emmenagognes. 

MENDESION,  jfigyptiacum. 

MENE,  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACCIPITER,  Accipitet. 


MENES 


562 


MENORRHAGIA 


MENES,  Menses. 

M&NESPAUSIE,  see  Menses. 

MENFRIGE,  see  Piatacia  lentisous. 

MENINGARTHROC'ACE,  Inflamma'tio 
brana'rum  artieulatio'ni*,Arthromeningi'tie,  from 
fuipiyt,  '  membrane/  apdpov,  '  a  joint,'  and  Kates, 
'  disease.'  Inflammation  of  the  membranes  of  a 
joint 

M&NINGE,  Dura  mater. 

ME  NINO  E,  Meningeal. 

MENIN'GEAL,  Mcnin'geue,  from  unvty^,  'a 
membrane/  (F.)  MlningL  Relating  to  the  me- 
ninges, or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Apoplexy,  see  Apoplexy. 

Meningeal  Artery,  Middle,  Arte'ria  menin'- 
gea  me'dia,  A.  Sph&no-spino'sa,  A.  Dura  Matrie 
tne'dia  max' i ma,  A.  Sphano-epina'lie,  Spinal  Ar- 
tery, (F.)  ArUre  tniningie  moyenne,  A.  Sphino- 
ipineuee,  A.  Epineuee,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  maxillary 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  foramen 
spinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  chiefly  to 
the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Vessels,  Va*a  menin'gea.  The 
Ycssels  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIN'GES,  Eilam'idee,  Matres  sen  Involu'- 
cra  Cerebri,  Omen'ta  seu  Velamen'ta  eerebra'lia, 
from  unvtyl-, '  a  membrane.'  The  three  membranes 
which  envelop  the  brain — Dura  mater,  Arachnoid, 
and  Pia  mater. 

MJSNINGETTE,  Pia  mater. 

MENINGI'NA,  (F.)  Miningine.  Same  etymon. 
A  name  given  by  Chaussier  to  the  pia  mater, 
united  to  the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 

Meningina,  Inner  Lamina  or  the,  Pia  mater. 

MENINGINE,  Meningina. 

MENINGINI'TIS,  from  meningina,  and  \H», 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  me- 
ningina. 

MENINGION,  Arachnoid  membrane. 

MENINGIS  CUSTOS,  Meningophylax. 

M&NINQITE,  Meningitis  —  m.  Granuleuee, 
Hydrocephalus  interims  —  m.  Bachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis, spinal  —  tn.  Tuberculeusc,  Hydrocepha- 
lus interims. 

MENINGFTIS,  Encephali'tie  peripherics  E. 
membrano'sa,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  membrane 
etreuee  c£phalo-raehidienne,  Miningite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  meninges  or  membranes  of  the 
brain.    See  PhreniUs. 

Meningitis  Arthritica,  Ccphalagra — m.  In- 
fantum, Hydrocephalus  internus  —  m.  Membra- 
nosa,  M.  spinal. 

Meningitis  Mbsekcephal'ica.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and 
pons  varolii  more  especially. 

Meningitis  Peripherics,  M.  spinal  —  m.  Po- 
tatorum, Delirium  tremens  —  m.  Rachidian,  M. 
spinal. 

Meningitis,  Spinal,  M,  Rachid'ian,  M.  Spi- 
na'lis  seu  peripher'ica  seu  membranof§a,  Perimye- 
litis, (F.)  Miningite  rachidienne.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tubercular,  see  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

MENIN'GIUM.  Diminutive  of  /iwyfc  'a 
membrane.'  A  fine,  delicate  membrane.  The 
tunica  arachnoidea  of  the  brain. 

MENINGO-CEPHALI'TIS,  Meningo-ence- 
phali'tis,  Ceph'alo-meningi'tie,  from  ftt}vty%,  'a 
membrane/  Kc<pa\tj,  'head/  and  itis,  a  suffix  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
branes and  brain. 

MENING0GA8TRITIS,  Fever,  gastric 

KKNINGOMALA'CIA,  from  /wcrf,  'mem- 


brane/ and  jtoAMM,  'softening.'    Softening  of 
membranes  in  general. 

MEXINGOPH'YLAX,  Ouetoe  meninfgu,  XV- 
presso'rium,  (F.)  Depreeeoire,  from  fupty{(  *a 
membrane/  the  dura  mater ;  and  f»Aa&  '  a  pre- 
server.' An  instrument  for  depressing  the  dura 
mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  whilst  the 
bone  is  cut  or  rasped. 

MENINGORRH(E'A,from  pnriyZ,  'membrane/ 
and  ptu, '  I  flow.'  Effusion  of  blood  upon  or  be- 
tween the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENINGO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  onion 
of  bones  by  means  of  membrane;  e.  g.  the  arti- 
culation of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 
Meningosis  is  a  variety  of  Syndesmosis. 

MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS;  from  Fn*tyl,  'mem- 
brane/ and  nufwit,  'growing  together.'  Adhe- 
sion of  or  by  membrane.  Adhesion  of  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain  to  each  other,  or  to  the  brain. 

MENINX,  Membrane  — m.  Choroid©*,  Pia 
mater — m.  Crassa,  Dura  mater — m.  Dura,  Dura 
mater  —  m.  Exterior,  Dura  mater — m.  Interior, 
Pia  mater — m.  Media,  Arachnoid  membrane— m. 
Pacheia,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Sclera,  Dura  mater. 

MENISCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhea. 

MENISPERMUM  AN GU LATUM,  M.  Cana- 
dense. 

Mentsperm'u1€  Cawaden'sB,  M.  angula'twm, 
from  uivv,  'the  moon/  and  swtpua,  'seed.'  A 
climbing  plant,  growing  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Said  to  be  used  in  Virginia  as  a 
substitute  for  sarsaparilla  in  scrofula.  It  is  an 
excitant  tonic. 

Menibpbr'xuv  Coc'culus,  M.  glameum,  Aua- 
mir'ta  Coc'culus,  A.  panicula'ta,  Coc'culus  embe- 
ro'sus,  so  called  from  the  shape  of  it*  seed. 
Family  Menispermeie.  Sex.  Syot.  Dioecia  Do- 
decandria.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant, 
the  berries  of  which  are  well  known  by  the  name 
of  Coc'culus  In'dieue,  Indian  Berries,  Baec* 
Piecato'ria,  Coc'culus  eubero'sus,  Indian  Cockle*, 
Coccus  In'dieue,  CoccuUb  officina'rum,  Coed  ori- 
enta'lee,  Grana  Orien'tie,  (F.)  Coque  dm  Levant, 
Coque  levant.  These  berries  are  remarkable  for 
their  inebriating  and  destructive  quality  to  fish, 
The  deleterious  principle  appears  to  reside  in  the 
kernel,  and  in  the  active  principle  called  Piere- 
tox'ine.  Cocculus  Indicus  has  been  used  in  de- 
coction to  kill  vermin.  It  has,  at  times,  been 
added  to  beer,  by  fraudulent  tradesmen,  to  render 
it  more  inebriating. 

Menispermum  Glaucum,  M.  ooccuIub — m.  Psi- 
matum,  Calumba. 

Menispbr'hum  Tusercula'tuv,  M.  Verruca'- 
sum,  Coc'culus  crispus.  A  Chinese  plant,  an  ex- 
tract from  the  root  of  which  is  tonic  to  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  and  possesses  some  astrin- 
gency.    Dose,  5  to  10  grains. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  Menisper'mmm  <w- 
di/o'lium  —  the  Goluncha,  of  Bengal 

Menispermum  Yerrucosum,  M.  tuberculatum. 

MENOCRYPHIA,  Amenorrhea. 

MENOLIPSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPHANIA,  see  Menses. 

MENOPLANIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

MENORRHAGIA,  from  /i**,  'a  month/ and 
prryvvfti,  'I  flow  fiercely.'  Flow  of  the  menses. 
Frequently,  the  word  is  used  synonymously  with 
uterine  hemorrhage  or  metrorrhagia,  or  for  im- 
moderate flow  of  the  menses — prof  nee  menetrm- 
tion,  Paramenia  super flua,  P.  pro/u'sa,  Menor- 
rhag"ia  rubra,  Catamenio'rumfluxue  immod'icws, 
Menstrua  immod'ica,  M.  super1  flua,  Menorrke/a* 

Menorrhagia,  Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia — 
m.  Alba,  Lcucorrhoea  —  m.  Difficilis,  Dysmenor- 
rhea— m.  Erronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous— -m. 
Stillatitia,  Dysmenorrhea. 


MENORBHCEA 


558 


MENTAL 


M?3NORRH(E'A,  from  urn*,  'month/  «d  jw«, 
'  I  flow/  Too  long  continuing,  or  too  often  re- 
turning, menstruation.    Also,  monorrhagia. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhea. 

MENOSTASIA,  Amenorrhea. 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  unv,  'month/  and  mats, 
'stasis/  'stagnation.'  This  word,  according  to 
some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the  menses  and 
their  accumulation  in  the  uterus.  According  to 
others,  it  means  the  acute  pain  which,  in  some 
females,  precedes  each  appearance  of  the  menses : 
a  pain  which  has  been  presumed  to  proceed  from 
the  stasis  of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessel*  of  the 
nterus. 

MENOXEN'IA,  Menooceno'sie,  from  unv,  'a 
month/  and  fcvo;,  'foreign.'  Irregular  men- 
struation. 

MENOXENOSIS,  Menoxenia. 

MENS,  Anima,  Intellect 

MENSA,  'a  table.'  The  upper  superficial  part 
of  the  jaw  teeth. 

MENSES,  (Mensis,  'a  month/)  M.  Mulie'bres, 
Mulie'bria,  Menes,  Fluxus  men'struus,  F.  luna'ris, 
Pro'fluvium  mulie'brl,  P.  genita'li  muliebre,  Con- 
suet  u' do  menstrua,  Catame'nia,  Men' struct,  Em- 
me'nia,  Tribu'tum  luna're  seu  men'struum,  Pur- 
gatio'nes,  P.  menstrua,  Oynacci'a,  Aphedri'a, 
Cursus  men'struus,  Hora'a,  Luna'ria,  Courses, 
Menstrual  flux,  Monthly  courses,  M.  periods, 
Flowers,  Turns,  Terms,  the  Beds,  Troubles,  (F.) 
Mots,  Rigles,  Lunes,  Flueurs,  Affaires,  Epoques, 
Ordxnaires,  Purgations,  Fleurs,  Menstrues.  The 
sanguineous  evacuation  from  the  uterus,  Sanguis 
menstruus,  the  monthly  occurrence  of  which  con- 
stitutes menstruation.  The  first  appearance  of 
the  menses  —  menopha'nia  —  is  usually  preceded 
by  the  discharge  of  a  fluid  whitish  matter  from 
the  vagina;  by  nervous  excitement,  and  by  vague 
pains  and  heaviness  in  the  loins  and  thighs; 
numbness  of  the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hard- 
ness of  the  breasts,  Ac.  More  or  less  indisposi- 
tion and  irritability  also  precede  each  successive 
recurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux.  In  temperate 
climates,  each  period  ordinarily  continues  from 
three  to  six  days;  and  the  quantity  lost  varies 
from  four  to  eight  ounces.  The  menses  oontinue 
to  flow  from  the  period  of  puberty  till  the  age  of 
45  or  50.  At  the  term  of  its  natural  cessation, 
Menolip'eis,  Minespausie  (Gardanne,)  Menopau'- 
sis,  the  flux  becomes  irregular ;  and  this  irregu- 
larity is  occasionally  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  dropsy,  glandular  tumours,  Ac,  consti- 
tuting the  Paramenia  cessatio'nis  of  Good,  and 
what  is  called  the  critical  time  or  turn  of  life; 
yet  it  does  not  appear  that  the  mortality  is  in- 
creased by  it  With  the  immediate  causes  of 
menstruation  we  are  unacquainted.  We  express 
only  our  ignorance,  when  we  assert  it  to  depend 
upon  periodicity ;  the  discharge  comes  from  the 
Teasels  of  the  uterus  and  vagina,  and  differs  from 
ordinary  blood  by  its  peculiar  odour,  and  by  its 
not  coagulating.  It  is  evidently  connected  with 
the  condition  of  the  ovaries,  and  appears  to  be 
connected  with  the  periodical  discharge  of  ova 
from  them.  It  is  arrested,  as  a  general  principle, 
daring  pregnancy  and  lactation.  In  warm  cli- 
mates, women  usually  begin  to  menstruate  early, 
and  cease  sooner  than  in  the  temperate  regions. 
The  quantity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  eolder 
regions,  the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general 
rule. 

MKN8E8  Albi,  Leucorrhoea  —  m.  Anomale, 
Paramenia — m.  Devii,  Menstruation,  vicarious 
—  m.  Dolorifici,  Dysmenorrhea — m.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhoea — m.  Suppression  of  the, 
Amenorrhoea. 

Jf  BN8IUM  RETENTIO,  see  Amenorrhea. 


MENSTRUA,  Menses— m.  Alba,  Leuoorrhea 
—  m.  Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhea  —  m.  Dolorosa* 
Dysmenorrhea — m.  Immodioa,  Menorrhagia — 
m.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL,  Catamenial— m.  Flux,  Menses. 

MENSTRUANT,  Men'struane,  from  menstrua^ 
'  the  catamenia.'    One  subject  to  the  catamenia. 

MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA,  Paramenia  — 
m.  Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhea — m.  Doloriflca,  Dys- 
menorrhea— m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhea — m. 
Per  insolitas  Viae,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Menstrua'tio  Recidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstruatio  Rbtbnta,  Amenorrhoea,  Para- 
menia— m.  Suppress*,  Amenorrhea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstrua'tio,  Chronogu'- 
nea,  Menorrhag"ia,  Fluxus  menstrua' lis.  The 
flow  of  the  menses. 

MENSTRUATION  DIFFICILE,  Dysmenor- 
rhea—  m.  Difficult,  Dysmenorrhea — m.  Labo- 
rious, Dysmenorrhea — m.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstruation,  Vica'rious,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Paramenia  erro'ris,  Menorrhag"ia  erro'- 
nea,  Mensium  per  alie'na  loca  excre'tio,  Menses 
de'vii,  Aberra'tio  men'sium  seu  menstruo,rumf 
Menstrua'tio  per  insol'itas  vias,  Haematopla'nia 
seu  Htemopla'nia  menstrua' lis,  Menopla'nia,  (F.) 
Deviation  des  Itegles,  RZglee  divxies.  At  times, 
the  secreted  fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the 
menstrual  secretion;  at  others,  it  appears  to  bs 
mere  blood. 

MENSTRUEL,  GatameniaL 

MENSTRUES,  Menses. 

MENSTRUOUS,  CatameniaL  Also,  one  af- 
fected with  the  menses  or  catamenia. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Menstrue.  Same  ety- 
mon;—  the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually 
continued  in  action  for  a  month.  This  name  was 
formerly  given  to  every  substance  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  dissolving  others  slowly 
and  with  the  aid  of  heat  At  present,  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus — water,  alco- 
hol, ether,  acids,  oils,  Ac,  are  menstrua. 

Menstruum  Auri,  Nitro-muriatio  acid — m. 
Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  48 
ounces. 

MENSURA'TION,  Meta'tio,  from  mensura, 
'measure.'  Measurement,  Medical  meets' uring. 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is 
usually  greater  than  on  the  other.  When,  on  the 
other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  Bide  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha,  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentulagra,  Sycosis— m.  In- 
fantum, Porrigo  lupinosa. 

MEN'TAGRAPHYTE,  Men'tagrophyte,  from 
mentagra,  and  fvrov,  'a  plant'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  M.  Gruby,  of  Vienna,  for  a  oryptogamio 
plant,  which  he  found  in  the  eruption  of  men- 


tagra. 
ME1 


ENTAL,  Menta'lie,  from  mens, '  mind ;'  be- 
longing or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  mental  phe- 
nom'ena,  mental  diseases  (Morbi  menta'les,)  Ac 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  Menta'lie,  (F.)  Menton- 
nier,  signifies  that  whioh  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  mentum,  'the  chin.' 

Mental   Ar'tery,   (F.)  Ar&re  stentoftnttrt. 


MENTHA 


564 


MERCURB 


This  if  given  off  by  the  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men,  (F.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
terior maxillary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  seoond 
incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  mentonnier,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip. 

Mental  Region,  Re'gio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  sen  MBNTA  AQUAT'ICA,  Men- 
thas'trum,  Sisym'brium  menthaetrum,  Mentha  pa- 
hs'tris  Beu  hireu'ta  sen  rotundifo'lia  palus'tris, 
Bal'eamus  palus'tris,  Watermint,  (¥.)  Menthe 
aquatique,  M.  rouge,  Nat.  Ord.  Labiate.  This  is 
less  agreeable  than  the  Mentha  viridis,  and  more 
bitter  and  pungent.     It  is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Bal9ahea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capen'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  the  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Cervi'na,  Hard  pennyroyal,  Hyssop- 
leaved  mint,  Pule'gium  cervi'num,  (F.)  Menthe 
nervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crispa,  M.  hercyn'ica,  Colymhif'era 
minor,  Curled  Mint,  (F.)  Menthe  frissie,  Menthe 
eripue,  Baume  d'eau  dfeuilles  ridies.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis — m.  Hcrcynica, 
M.  crispa — m.  Hirsute,  M.  Aqnatica — m.  Laevi- 
gata, M.  viridis  —  m.  Officinalis,  M.  piperita — 
m.  Palustris,  M.  Aqnatica. 

Mentha  Piprri'ta,  Mentha  Piperi'tit  sen  ofll- 
eina'lis  Beu  balsame'a,  Peppermint,  (F.)  Menthe 
poivrie.  The  Odour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stomachio  and  carminative.  It  is  chiefly 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  men- 
tha  piperita. 

Essence  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  menthol 
P*P-  3^'  •?•  w'n-  recti/.,  coloured  with  spinach 
leaves,  Oij.    See  Tinctura  olei  menthee  piperita). 

Mentha  Pulb'giuit,  Pulegium,  Pulegium  re- 
ga'le,  Pulegium  latifo'lium,  Oleehon,  Pennyroyal, 
Pudding  grate,  (F.)  Pouliot.  The  ofl—  O'leum 
pule'gii  —  possesses  the  virtues  of  the  plant  It 
resembles  the  mints  in  general  in  properties. 
Amongst  the  vulgar,  it  is  esteemed  an  emmena- 
gogue. 

Mentha  Roitana,  Balsamita  suaveolens,  Ta- 
naoetum  balsamita — m.  Rotnndifolia  palustris, 
M.  aqnatica  —  m.  Saraoenica,  Balsamita  suave- 
olens, Tanaoetum  balsamita — m.  Sativa,  M.  vi- 
ridis —  m.  Spicata,  M.  viridis. 

Mentha  Vir'idis,  M.  Sati'va  sen  vulga'ria  sou 
genti'lis  sen  epica'ta  sen  latviga'ta,  Spearmint, 
(F.)  Menthe  sauvage,  Baume  dee  jardins,  Menthe 
perte,  Menthe  dee  jardins.  Odour  strong,  aroma- 
tie;  taste,  warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  the 
same  as  those  of  the  peppermint  The  Oleum 
mentha  viridis  is  obtained  from  it 

Mentha  Vulgaris,  M.  viridis. 

MENTHASTRUM,  Mentha  aqnatica. 

MENTHE  AQUATIQUE,  Mentha  aqnatica 
—  m.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina  —  m.  Cog,  Tana- 
attain  balsamita — m,  Crtpue,  Mentha  crispa  — 
at.  Frieeie,  Mentha  crispa  —  m.  dee  Jardint  — 
Mentha  viridis  —  m.  Poivrie,  Mentha  piperita  — 


m.  Rouge,  Mentha  aqnatica — m.  Sauvage,  Mentha 
viridis — m.  Verte,  Mentha  viridis. 

MENTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis,  Sycosis. 

MENTISME,  from  mens,  mentis,  'mind/  Any 
irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether  from 
emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination.  —  Baumes. 

MENTOBICORNEUS,  Geniohyoidec 

MENTO-LABIAL,Jfewto-*<i6ia'to.  Under  this 
name  Chaussier  has  united  the  Levator  labii  in- 
ferioris,  and  Quadrates  muscles.  See  Depressor 
labii  inferioris. 

Mknto-labial  Furrow  :  a  transverse  depres- 
sion situate  between  the  lower  lip  and  the  chin* 
which  is  remarkable  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
tion of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it 

MENTON,  Mentum. 

MENTONNIER,  Mental— m.  Labial,  Depres- 
sor labii  inferioris. 

MENTONNIltRE,  see  Funda. 

MENTULA,  Penis  —  m.  Muliebris,  Ceroosis, 
Clitoris  —  m.  Parva,  Pipinna. 

MEN'TULAGRA,  Men'tagra.  A  hybrid  word, 
from  mentula,  'the  penis,'  and  aypo,  *a  seizure/ 
A  convulsive  erection  of  the  mentnla  or  penis; 
such  as  is  said  to  be  sometimes  observed  in  eu- 
nuchs.    See  Pudendagra. 

MENTULATUS,  Membrosus. 

MENTUM,  Qenei'on,  Geni'um,  Anthe'reon,  'the 
chin/  (F.)  Menton,  The  inferior  and  middle 
part  of  the  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip.  The 
chin  is  formed  of  skin,  areolar  tissue,  muscles, 
vessels,  nerves,  and  the  os  maxillare  inferius. 

MENTAN'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Minyam'- 
thee,  Trifo'lium  paludo'sum  sen  aquat'icum  sen 
palus'tre  sen  fibri'num,  Menyan'thes,  Water  tre- 
foil, Buckbean,  Boy  bean.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentian  ess. 
(F.)  Trifle  d'eau.  The  taste  is  intensely  bitter, 
and  is  extracted  by  water.  It  is  tonic,  anthel- 
mintic, diuretic,  cathartic  and,  in  large  doses, 
emetic  In  some  countries,  it  is  used  as  a  substi- 
tute for  hops  in  making  beer. 

Mentan'thes  Verna,  American  buck  been, 
Marsh  trefoil,  Water  shamrock,  Bitter  root,  hat 
similar  properties. 

MEOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MEPHIT'IC,  Mcphit'icus;  from  a  Syriac  word, 
signifying  '  to  blow,  to  breathe,'  Any  thing  pos- 
sessed of  an  unwholesome  property ;  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  exhalations. 

MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism  —  m.  Hepetiee, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  Inflammabilis,  Hy- 
drogen —  m.  Urinosa,  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM.  Same  etymon.  Any  perni- 
cious exhalation.  Mephi'tis  and  Mophe'ta,  (P.) 
Mofette  ou  Moufette,  are  old  names  for  atoto; 
and,  in  general,  for  all  exhalations  and  gases  Inst 
are  unfit  for  respiration. 

MERACUS,  Merus. 

MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamauroris. 

MERANiESTHE'SI8,  Meranasthe'sia,  ften 
ittpos,  *  a  part,'  ay,  'privative,'  and  ateBnets,  'sen- 
sation/   Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  body. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  ptpos,  'a  part'  and 
arpo<pia,  '  want  of  nourishment'  Atrophy  of  sods 
part  of  the  body. 

MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum— «.  Biehlorure  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  avee  la  Craie,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta — m.  Cru,  Hydrargyrum"* 
m.  Cyanure  de,  Hydrargyri  cyanuretnm— «.  Deu- 
tiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrnm  —  sw 
Deuto-chlorure  de,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  sw 
Doux,  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  «*.  Gommeus  it 
Plenck,  Syrupus  de  mercurio  median  to  gummi— 
m.  Muriate  oxygini  de,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias— 
m.  Oxide  de,  cendrf,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  ciaeit- 
um  —  st.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  a> 
I  nereum — m.  Oxide  nitrique  de,  Hydrargyri  nifinV 


MERCURIAL 


555 


MBROCELH 


eo-oxydum — m.  Oxide  noir  de,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  rouge  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Periodure  de,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum — m.  Protiodure  de,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  —  m.  Protochlorure  de,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias —  m.  Protoxide  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
oinereum — m.  Soue-muriate  de,  pricipiti,  Hydrar- 
gyrum procipitatum  —  m.  Soue-eulfate  de,  Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus — m.  Sulphure  de,  noir,  Hy- 
drargyri Bulphuretum  nigrum  —  m.  Sulphure  de, 
rouge,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Mercuria'lU,  Hydrargyr*icum, 
Hydrargyrum.  That  which  contains  mercury. 
A  preparation  of  mercury. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mercuria'lie  an'nua,  French 
mercury.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hyp- 
notic and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  by 
way  of  lavement.  See  Chenopodium  Bonus  Hen- 
ricus. 

Mercurialis  Humor,  Humor  melanchol'icue. 
A  supposititious  humour  with  the  older  physi- 
cians, out  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanchol'ici  sen  mercuria'lee  arose, 

Mercurialis  Pbren'nis,  Oynocram'bi,  Cani'na 
brae'eica,  M.  monta'na,  M.  Sylvet'tris,  Dog's  mer- 
cury. This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-narcotio 
properties. 

MERCURIALISMTJS,  Hydrargyriasis. 

MERCU'RIALIST,  Mercurialis'  ta  ;  from  mer- 
euriue,  *  mercury/  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  mercury. 

MERCURIALIZA'TION.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  affected  by  mercury.  One  under 
the  influence  of  mercury  is  said  to  be  mercurial- 
ized. 

MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Hydrar- 
gyrus vitriolatus — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum  rubrum  —  m.'Proto-ioduretum,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum — m.  Sperma,  Hydrargyrus  ace- 
tatue — m.  Terra  foliata,  Hydrargyrus  acetatus. 

MERCURIUS,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetatus, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Alkalisatus,  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  creta  —  m.  Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum — Causticus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus 
vitriolatus  —  m.  Cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
oinereum — m.  Cinnabarinus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum  rubrum — m.  Corallinus,  Hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxydum  — m.  Corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  oxymu- 
rias  —  m.  Corrosivus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum — m.  Corrosivus  sublimatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Cosmeticus,  Hydrargyrum  pr»- 
eipitatum  —  m.  Dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Emotions  flavus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — 
m.  Gummosus  Plenokii,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  gwmmi — m.  Luteus,  Hydrargyrus  vitri- 
olatus--m.  Mortis,  Algaroth — m.  Niger  Mosoati, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  oinereum — m.  Pnecipitatus 
eorrosiras,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — m.  Prse- 
eipitatus  niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  — 
m.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saocharatum — m. 
Solubilis  of  Hahnemann,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  m.  Sublimatus  dulcis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  m.  cum  Sulphure,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum  nigrum  —  m.  Terrestris,  Polygonum 
hydropiper —  m.  Vitas,  Algaroth  —  m.  Zoticua 
Hartmanni,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetate  of, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Acid,  nitrate  of,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras — m.  Ammoniated,  Hydrargy- 
rum prooipitatum —  m.  Ammonio  -  chloride  of, 
.Hadrargyrum  prooipitatum —  m.  Bichloride  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Biniodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum,  see  Iodine  —  m.  Bieul- 
phuret  of,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — m. 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine — m.  with  Chalk,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  cretft — m.  Chloride  of,  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias — m.  Cyanuret  of,  Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum  —  m.  Deuto-iodide  of,  see  Iodine  — 


m.  Bog's,  Mercurialis  perennis — m.  English,  Che* 
nopodium  bonus  Henricus  —  m.  French,  Mercu- 
rial— m.  Iodide  of,  Hydrargyri  Iodidum — m.  Io- 
dide of,  red,  Hydrargyri  Iodidum  rubrum. 

Mercury,  Iodide  or  Chloride  or,  Iod'idum 
Hydrargyri  ehlo'ridi,  Hydrargyrum  ioda'tum 
cum  chlorido  mercurii,  (F.)  Iodhydrargyrite  de 
chlorure  mercureux.  Made  by  the  reaction  of 
iodine  on  mild  chloride  of  mercury.  Two  iodides 
may  be  prepared  —  the  iodide  and  the  biniodide* 
Both  are  violent  irritants:  the  biniodide,  espe-. 
cially,  is  a  powerful  caustic.  Both  have  been 
given  in  scrofula.  The  biniodide  is  only  used 
externally  like  nitrate  of  silver  in  scrofulous 
and  certain  syphilitic  ulcerations.  An  ointment 
of  the  iodide  (gr.  xv  ad  adipis  ^y)  is  rubbed  on 
scrofulous  tumefactions. 

Mercury,  Iodo-Arseiotb  or,  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of— m.  Muriate  of,  corrosive,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias  —  m.  Muriate  of,  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  m.  Nitrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
nitras  —  m.  Nitric  oxyd  of,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum —  m.  Oxide  of,  black  or  gray,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  red,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Periodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum  —  m.  Phosphuretted, 
Hydrargyrus  phosphoratus  —  m.  Precipitate  of, 
white,  Hydrargyrum  procipitatum —  m.  Proto- 
chloride  of,  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  m.  Protoio- 
dide  of,  see  Hydrargyri  iodidum,  and  Iodine — m. 
Prussiate  of,  Hydrargyri  oyanuretum  —  m.  Solu- 
ble, Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Subchloride  of,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias — m.  Submuriate  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri submurias — m.  Sulphuret  of,  black,  Hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum  nigrum — m.  Sulphuret  of,  red, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum,  Realgar — nu 
Sulphuret  of,  with  Sulphur,  Hydrargyri  Sulphu- 
retum nigrum  —  m.  Supernitrate  of,  Solution  of, 
see  Hydrargyri  nitras — m.  Tartrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
tartras — m.  Three-seeded,  Acalypha  Virginica. 

Mercury  attd  Arsenic,  Iodide  or,  Arsenio 
and  Mercury,  Iodide  of — m.  and  Quinia,  Proto- 
chloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et  Quiniae  Protochlori- 
dum. 

MERDA,  Excrement 

MERDIYOMUS,  Copremetus. 

MERDUS,  Excrement 

M$RE  DES  PIANS,  Plan. 

MEREMPHRAX'IS,  from  utpot,  'a  part,'  and 
tpfpaits, '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  or  infarction 
of  an  organ. 

MERICUS,  Local 

MERIDRO'SIS,  Sudor  partia'lie  seu  Uea'lie; 
from  utpos,  <  a  part,'  and  Utyuvis,  *  sweating.'  A 
partial  perspiration. 

MERIMNA,  Cura. 

MERIMNE,  Cura, 

MERISIER,  Prunus  avium. 

MEROBALANEUM,  Bath,  partial. 

MEROBALNEUM,  Bath,  partial. 

MEROCE'Lfi,  Miroce'ti,  Merorix'u,  Merorr- 
hex'ie,  from  utfos,  *  the  thigh,'  and  KnXtj,  '  tumour f 
Hernia  cruralie  Ben  femora' lie,  Femoral  or  crural 
hernia,  (F.)  Hernie  crurale  ou  J '(morale.  In  this 
hernia,  the  viscera  issue  from  the  abdomen 
through  the  crural  canal ;  or  through  an  opening 
immediately  on  the  outer  side  of  Gim  be  mat's 
ligament,  which  gives  passage  to  lymphatic  ves- 
sels. This  affection  is  more  frequent  in  the  female 
than  in  the  male,  and  especially  in  those  who 
have  had  children.  The  tumour,  formed  by 
merocele,  is  generally  small,  round,  and  more  or 
less  difficult  of  reduction.  In  other  respects,  it 
possesses  all  the  characters  of  hernia.  The  neck 
of  the  sac  has,  close  on  the  outside,  the  epigastric 
artery;  above,  the  spermatic  cord  and  spermatid 


MEBOCOXALGIA 


556 


MESENTERY 


artery  in  the  male  —  the  round  ligament  in  the 
female;  on  the  inside,  Giin  be  mat's  ligament; 
and,  below  the  pubes.  When  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric,  it  generally  passes  on 
the  outside  of  and  below  the  orifice  of  the  sac ; 
sometimes,  however,  it  takes  a  torn  above,  and 
than  to  the  inside  of  the  opening.  J.  Cloquet 
asserts,  that  of  134  cases,  in  one  only  did  he  find 
the  epigastric  artery  on  the  inside  of  the  orifice 
of  the  sac. 

The  operation,  required  in  strangulation  of  this 
variety,  may  be  practised  on  the  aponeurotic 
opening,  by  cutting  downwards  and  inwards,  on 
the  side  of  Gimbernat's  ligament. 

MEROCOXALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

MERO'PIA,  from  ptp>s,  'a  part,'  and  «*,  'the 
eye.'    A  partial  obscurity  of  vision. 

MERORIXIS,  Merocele. 

MERORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  partia'lis, 
JRh.  loca'lis,  Rh.  Membro'rum  singulo'rum  ;  from 
gcpof,  'a  part/  and ptv^a,  ' defluxion,  rheumatism/ 
Rheumatism  affecting  a  part.  Topical  or  local 
rheumatism. 

MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 

MEROS,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERRY- ANDREW.  An  itinerant  quack,1  who 
exposes  his  nostrums  for  sale  at  fairs  and  mar- 
kets. See  Charlatan. — So  called  from  Dr.  An- 
drew Boorde,  who  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  and  Queen  Mary,  and  who 
was  in  the  habit  of  frequenting  fairs  and  markets 
at  which  he  harangued  the  populace. 

MERULIUS  AURICULA,  Peziza  auricula. 

MERUS,  Mera'cus,  A'cratos,  'pure,  genuine;' 
as  Vinum  merum,  unmixed  wine. 

Merus,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERVINE  MALE,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MERYCISMUS,  Rumination. 

MERYCOLOG"IA,  from  /»/>«««,  'I  ruminate,' 
and  Aoyof,  '  a  description.'  Any  work  on  rumi- 
nation may  be  so  termed. 

MESA,  Genital  organs. 

MESAR^UM,  Mesentery. 

MESARAIG,  Mesenteric. 

MESEMAR,  Mismar. 

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  COPTICUM,  see 
Boda. 

Mbsembryan'theitux  CRTSTAL'mrUM,  M. 
ficoVdee,  Di'amond  flg-maryyold,  Ice-plant,  (F.) 
Glaciate,  Crystalline.  Nat,  Ord.  Ficoideae:  a 
plant  common  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Gape 
Town.  It  has  been  recommended  in  dysuna, 
isohuria,  and  some  other  affections  of  the  urinary 
organs. 

Mbbeitbryanthehuic  Edu'lV  ;  and  M.  acina- 
ctformi,  South  African  plants,  are  much  used  as 
domestic  remedies  at  the  Cape.  The  expressed 
juice  of  the  leaves  acts  as  an  astringent  in  dy- 
sentery, and  as  a  mild  diuretic  It  is  also  used 
as  an  antiseptic  gargle  in  malignant  sore  throat, 
violent  salivation  and  aphtha),  and  as  a  lotion  to 
burns  and  scalds. 

Mesembrt  an'themum  ToBTUo'8T7H,also  a  South 
African  plant,  is  said  to  possess  narcotic  proper- 

M&SENC£PHALEt  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii. 

MESENTERIC,  Mesara'ic,  Mesenter'icus,  Me- 
mra'icus,  Mesara'icus  ;  from  uicerrtoiov,  or  ptva- 
fatov,  'the  mesentery.'  That  which  relates  or 
belongs  to  the  mesentery. 

Meseitterio  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric, 
which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
minal aorta,  below  the  coeliac.  It  immediately 
descends  to  the  left,  forwards,  behind  the  pan- 
creas, and  in  front  of  the  third  portion  of  the 


duodenum, — to  gain  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
mesentery,  where  it  makes  a  long  curvature,  the 
convexity  of  which  is  turned  forwards  and  to  the 
left  Towards  the  termination  of  the  ileum,  it 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  a  branch  of  the  2. 
colica  dextra  inferior.  At  its  conearity,  it  gives 
off  the  three  Arteries  colica  dextra,  which  belong 
to  the  great  intestine ;  and,  at  its  convexity,  it 
sends  onVfifteen  or  twenty  branches,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  small  intestine,  after  having 
formed  numerous  arches  by  their  anastomoses. 

2.  The  Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery  arises  from 
the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  an  inch 
and  a  half  before  its  termination.  It  descends, 
on  the  left  side,  behind  the  peritoneum ;  engages 
itself  in  the  substance  of  the  iliac  mesocolon, 
forming  a  considerable  curvature,  whose  con- 
vexity faces  the  left  side.  When  it  reaches  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis,  it  passes  along  the  posterior 
separation  of  the  mesorectum,  and  attains  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  anus,  under  the  name  Su- 
perior hemorrhoidal  artery.  It  gives  off  no  branch 
at  its  concave  part;  but,  from  the  convex,  the 
three  Arteria  colica  sinistra  arise. 

Mesenteric  Disease,  Tabes  mesenteric!. 

Mesenteric  Glands  are  the  lymphatic  gan- 
glions of  the  mesentery.  Through  them,  the 
chyliferous  vessels  pass  to  the  thoracic  duct 
Their  uses  are  unknown.  When  diseased,  nutri- 
tion is  interfered  with,  and  atrophy  produced. 

Mesenteric  Hernia.  If  one  of  the  layer*  of 
the  mesentery  be  torn  by  a  blow,  whilst  the  other 
remains  in  its  natural  state,  the  intestines  may 
insinuate  themselves  into  the  aperture,  and  form 
a  kind  of  hernia.    It  is  not  known  during  life. 

Mesenteric  Plexuses  are  furnished  by  the 
solar  plexus,  and  have  been  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior;  like  the  mesenteric  arte- 
ries which  they  accompany. 

Mesenteric  or  Mebaraic  Veins  are  two  is 
number,  and  belong  to  the  vena  porta.  They 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  neterierx 
or  mesaraic  or  great  mesaraie.  This  trunk  re- 
ceives, from  above  to  below  and  on  the  right  side, 
the  three  vena  colica  dextra  and  the  Ga$tro-ep\- 
ploica  dextra.  Into  its  left  side,  the  veins  of  the 
small  intestine  open.  It  passes  in  front  of  the 
transverse  portion  of  the  duodenum;  and,  behind 
the  pancreas,  unites  with  the  splenic  vein  to  con- 
cur in  the  formation  of  the  vena  porta. 

The  inferior  or  lesser  mesenteric  tein  corre- 
sponds to  the  artery  of  the  same  name,  ana 
opens  into  the  splenic,  near  the  union  of  that 
vein  with  the  superior  mesenteric,  and  behina 
the  pancreas. 

MESENTERIITIS,  Mesenteries. 

MESENTERI'TIS,  Mesenterii'tie,  ftp«^ 
peritoni'tis  mesenter'ica,  Enteri'tis  mesenter***, 
Inflammation  of  the  mesentery.  The  pain  is  here 
deeper  seated  and  more  immediately  in  the  me- 
senteric region.  The  external  tenderness  is  W 
than  in  some  of  the  other  varieties  of  peritonita 
See  Tabes  Mesenteric*. 

MESENTERIUM,  Mesentery— m.  &**«■» 
Mesocolon. 

MESENTERON,  Mesentery. 

MES'ENTERY,  Meeenter'iun,  Jfew^fS 
Mesara'um,  Media' num,  Membra'na  ping**  ** 
testino'rum,  Lactes,  Mesen'teron,  Meser*'**}**- 
sora'um,  Medium  intesti'num,  Epickor'dii,  fro» 
fitcoi,  'in  the  middle/  and  tvrtpw,  '"»*«*?* 
(P.)  Mfsentirc.  A  term  hranatomy,  applW  » 
several  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum,  w*f>» 
maintain  the  different  portions  of  the  intestinal 
canal  in  their  respective  situations;  allowm* 
however,  more  or  less  motion.  Tbey  •» 
formed  of  two  laminae,  between  which  are  con- 
tained the  corresponding  portion  of  intestine  aft* 


MESERA 


557 


MESPILUS 


the  vessels  that  pass  to  it  One  only  of  these 
duplicatures  has  received  the  name  mesentery, 
properly  so  called.  This  belongs  to  the  small 
intestine,  which  it  suspends  and  retains  in  situ. 
Its  posterior  margin,  which  is  the  smallest,  is 
straight,  and  descends  obliquely  from  the  left 
side  of  the  body  of  the  second  lumbar  vertebra 
to  the  right  iliac  fossa.  Its  anterior  margin  is 
curved,  undulating,  plaited,  and  corresponds  to 
the  whole  length  of  the  small  intestine.  The 
mesentery  contains,  between  the  two  laminae 
which  form  it,  a  number  of  lymphatic  ganglions; 
the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  mesenteric  ves- 
sels ;  the  nervous  plexuses  accompanying  them, 
and  many  lacteals  and  lymphatics. 

MESERA,  Tutia. 

MESERiEUM,  Mesentery. 

MESERAION,  Mesentery. 

ME'SIAL,  from  ptvos,  'in  the  middle.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  middle. 

Mesial  Plaits,  an  imaginary  plane,  dividing 
the  head,  neck,  and  trunk  into  similar  halves, 
towards  right  and  left.  Every  aspect  towards 
this  plane  is  mesial;  and  every  aspect  towards 
right  or  left  is  lateral;  every  lateral  aspect  being 
dextral  or  sinistral. 

MESIAMUM,  Aniceton. 

MESMER'IC,  Meemer'ieus.  Relating  to  mes- 
merism or  animal  magnetism: — as  the  'mesmeric 
state,'  '  mesmeric  sleep/  Ac  Ac. 

MESMERISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

MES'MERIST.  A  practiser  of,  or  believer  in, 
mesmerism. 

MESMERIZA'TIOK fMagneU'za'tion.  The  act 
of  mesmerising.    The  state  of  being  mesmerized. 

MES'MERIZED,  Meemeriza'tue,  Mag'netixcd. 
Affected  with  mesmerism  or  animal  magnetism. 
When  the  person  is  in  a  state  of '  magnetic  sleep/ 
he  is  said  to  be  hyp'notized. 

MES'MERIZER,  An'imal  Magneti'zer,  Mag- 
ncti'zer.     One  who  practises  mesmerism. 

ME  SO,  fitffos,  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 

MESOCiE'CUM.  A  name  given  to  a  duplica- 
tor© of  the  peritoneum,  (in  some  persons  only,) 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  caecum. 

MfiSOCfiPRALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii. 

MESOCHON'DRIAC,  Mesochondri'acut ;  from 
uevost  and  goyfyo;,  '  cartilage.'  A  name  given  by 
Boerhaave  to  fleshy  fibres  situate  between  the 
cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC  HERNIA.  Hernia  is  so  named 
by  Sir  Astley  Cooper,  when  the  bowels  glide  be- 
tween the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. 

MESOCO'LON,  Ifesoco'lum,  Mesenter»\um  eras- 
sum,  from  uteos,  and  kuXov,  '  the  colon.'  A  name 
given  to  the  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
whioh  fix  the  different  parts  of  the  colon  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  It  has  received  different 
names,  according  to  its  situation.  The  right 
lumbar  mesocolon  fixes  the  ascending  colon  to  the 
corresponding  lumbar  region.  The  transverse 
mesocolon  arises  from  the  concave  arch  of  the 
colon,  and  forms  a  septum  between  the  epigastric 
and  umbilical  regions.  Its  inferior  portion  is 
continuous  with  the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar 
mesocolon,  which  contains  the  ascending  oolon,  is 
continuous  below  with  the  Iliac  mesocolon.  The 
last  includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flex- 
ure of  the  oolon,  and  ends  in  the  mesoreotum. 
Under  the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm, 
and  forms  the  right  lig'ament  of  the  colon:  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
lig'ament  of  the  colon. 

MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput. 


MESOCRANUM,  Sinciput 

MESODERMUM,  Corpus  mucosnm. 

MESODME,  Mediastinum. 

MESODMI'TIS,  from  pttroSw,  'the  mediasti- 
num/ and  itis,  'inflammation.'  Mesotachi'tis, 
MediastinVtis,  Inflamma'tio  mediasti'nu  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mediastinum. 

MESOGASTRIUM,  Umbilical  region. 

MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 

MESOGLOTTUS,  Genioglossus. 

MESOGONIUM,  Internodium. 

MESOLO'BAR.  Belonging  to  the  Misolohe  Of 
Corpus  callo'sum. 

Mesolobar  Arteries,  Arte'ria  mesolob'ica, 
A.  eor'porie  callo'si  cerebri,  are  the  arteries  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

MftSOLOBE,  Corpus  callosum. 

MESOMER'IA,  from  picos,  and  ptpoc,  'the 
thigh.'  The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  thighs  or  hips. 

ME80MERION,  PerinsBum. 

MESOMPHALUM,  Umbilicus. 

MESOPHLEB'IUM,  from  peeos,  'in  the  mid. 
die/  and  <p\np,  'a  vein /  Interve'nium,  The  space 
between  two  veins. 

MESOPH'RYON,  Olabell'a,  Gabel'la,  Intercil'- 
ium,  Meto'pium,  Natal  eminence.  The  part  be- 
tween the  eyebrows;  from  pueos,  'the  middle/ 
and  ofpva,  '  the  eyebrows.' 

MESOPLEURIUM,  Intercostal  space. 

MESOPLEURIUS,  Intercostal. 

MESOR^UM,  Mesentery. 

MESOR'CHIUM,  from  ?teos,  'the  middle/  and 
op%is,  'a  testicle.'  A  duplicature  of  the  perito- 
neum, which  supports  the  testicle  in  its  passage 
from  the  abdomen  into  the  scrotum.  —  Seller. 

MESOREC'TUM.  A  hybrid  word;  from^foof, 
and  rectum, '  the  intestine  rectum.'  A  triangular 
reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  reotum  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between  the  two  layers 
of  whioh  the  mesorectum  is  oomposed  are  found 
much  areolar  tissue,  and  the  termination  of  the 
inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 

MESOS,  Meso. 

MESOSCELOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

MESOSCELON,  Perinteum. 

MESOSCELOPHY'MA,  from  Mesoscelon,  'pe- 
rinssum/  and  fvua,  '  swelling.'  A  tumour  of  the 
perinsBum. 

MESOTH'ENAR,  from  /uses,  and  Snap,  'the 
thenar/  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  muscle, 
which  carries  the  thumb  towards  the  palm. 
Winslow  applied  the  term  to  the  adductor  polli- 
ois,  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the  flexor 
brevis  pollicis. 

MESOT'ICA,  from  jtwos,  'middle.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  parenchyma.  Pravity  in  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or  connecting 
substance  of  organs ;  without  inflammation,  fever, 
or  other  derangement  of  the  general  health.  The 
first  Order,  class  Eccritica  of  Good. 

MESOTOBCHITIS,  Mesodmitis. 

MESOTCECHIUM,  Mediastinum. 

MESOTCECHUM,  Mediastinum. 

MES'PILUS,  Mespilus  Oerman'ica  sen  domes*, 
tica.  The  medlar,  (F.)  Niflier.  The  fruit,  (F.) 
Nefle,  and  seeds  of  the  medlar  have  both  been 
used  medicinally : — the  immature  fruit  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  the  seeds  in  nephritic  diseases.  See 
Crataegus  Aria  and  Sorbus  acuparia. 

Mespilus  Aria,  Crataegus  aria — m.  Domestics, 
Mespilus,  Sorbus  domestica — m.  Germanics,  Mes- 
pilus— m.  Intermedia,  Mespilus  oxyacantha — m» 
LsBvigata,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

Mespilus  Oxyacak'tha,  M.  OxyacantheU'dss 


META 


U8 


METAM0RPH0P8IA 


■en  intermedia  seu  laviga'ta,  Oxyacantha,  Spina 
alba,  White  Hawthorn,  (F.)  Aubepine.  The 
flowers  of  this  uncommon  European  plant  are 
gometimes  used  in  infusion  as  a  pectoral. 

Mespilus  Ox  y  acanthoses,  Mespilus  oxya- 
cantha. 

META,  fttra,  MetV,  ptff,  'with,'  'together 
with,'  'after,'  'change  of  form  and  place.'  A 
common  prefix  to  words.    Hence : 

METAB'ASIS,  Tran'situs,  Metdb'oU,  Meta- 
bol'ia,  MetaVlagl,  Metallax'is,  from  ficrafiatvw, 
'  I  digress.'  A  change  of  remedy,  practice,  Ac. 
—Hippocrates. 

METABOLE,  Metabasis,  Transformation. 

METABOLEL'OGY,  Jfetabolelog"ia;  from 
fLtTapoXrj,  'change/  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  changes  which  supervene  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

METABOLIA,  Metabasis. 

METABOL'IC,  MetaboVicus,  from  /icra/SoXv, 
'change.'  Appertaining  to  change  or  transfor- 
mation. 

Mktabol'ic  Force.  A  term  employed  by 
Schwann  for  the  power  possessed  by  living  cells 
of  changing  the  character  of  the  substances 
brought  in  contact  with  them. 

METACARPAL,  Metacarpia'nw,  (F.)  Jfe*ta- 
carpien.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  meta- 
carpus. 

Metacarpal  Artery,  Arte'ria  dor sa' lis  meta- 
ear*pi,  arises  from  the  radial,  at  the  moment  it 
engages  itself  in  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ab- 
ductor indicia.  It  descends  obliquely  upon  the 
back  of  the  hand.  Its  branches  are  distributed 
to  the  abductor  indicia,  and  the  integuments: 
gome  oommunicato  with  the  dorsalis  carpi. 

Metacarpal  Articula'tioxs  are  those  by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
together  at  their  upper  extremity. 

Metacarpal  Bones,  or  bones  which  compose 
the  metacarpus,  are  five  in  number ;  and  distin- 
guished into  first,  second,  third,  Ac,  beginning 
from  the  outer  or  radial  side.  They  are  articu- 
lated by  their  superior  extremity  with  the  bones 
of  the  second  range  of  the  oarpus ;  and  by  the 
lower  with  the  first  phalanges. 

Metacarpal  Lig'ambnt,  Infe'rior  palmar  Li gf- 
atnent,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  transversely 
before  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  last  four 
metacarpal  bones,  which  it  keeps  in  their  respec- 
tive positions. 

Metacarpal  Phalah'ges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  fingers;  so  called,  because  they 
are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  Range  or  row  of  the  carpal 
bones,  (F.)  Rangie  mitacarpienne  du  carpe,  is 
the  lower  row  of  carpal  bones ;  bo  called  because 
they  are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  meta- 
carpus. It  is  composed  of  the  trapezium,  trape- 
loides,  magnum,  and  unciform©. 

METACARPEUS,  Abductor  metaoarpi  minimi 
digiti. 

MfiTACARPIEK,  Metacarpal  —  m.  du  Petit 
doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — m.  du  Pouce,  Op- 
ponens  pollicis. 

METACARPION,  Metacarpus. 

METACARPO-PHALANG-EUS  POLLICIS, 
Adductor  pollicis  manus. 

METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Metacarpo- 
phalangia'nus,  Metaearpo-phal'angal,  (F.)  Mita- 
carpo-phalangien.  That,  which  belongs  to  the 
metacarpus  and  phalanges. 

Mbtacarpo-Pbalangiak  or  Mbtacarpo-Pha- 
lakgal  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metacarpus  ac£  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. In  these  articulations,  the  bony  surfaces 
axe  in/irosted  with  cartilage,  covered  by  a  syno- 


vial membrane,  and  kept  in  connexion  by  means 
of  an  anterior  and  two  lateral  ligaments. 

M^TACARPO-PHALANQIEN  LATERAL 
SUS-PALMAIRE,  ET  M&TACARPO-PBA- 
LANOIEN  LATERAL,  Interosseus  manus. 

METACAR'PUS,  from  pcra,  'after,'  and  ear- 
pa*,  'the  wrist j'  Metacar'pion,  Postbra'chia'fc, 
Postcar'pium,  Torus  mantis,  (F.)  Mitacarpe.  The 
part  of  the  hand  comprised  between  the  carpus 
and  fingers.  It  is  composed  of  five  parallel  bones, 
called  metacarpal ;  forming  the  back  of  the  hand, 
externally,  and  the  palm  internally. 

METACERASMA,  Cerasma. 

METACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISMUS,  Surgery. 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACINEMA,  Metastasis. 

METACINESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACONDYLE,  see  Phalanx. 

METACYE'SIS,  from  per*,  'after,'  and  «***, 
'pregnancy;'  Gravid' it  as  extra-uteri' 'na  secunda'- 
rta.  Extra-uterine  pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus 
is  at  first  in  the  uterus,  but  subsequently  in  some 
other  place. 

METADERMATO'SIS,  from  ptra,  'after,'  and 
itpfta,  *  skin.'  A  morbid  development  of  the  epi- 
dermis or  epithelium. 

METAL,  Metal'lum.  A  class  of  simple,  com- 
bustible bodies;  distinguished  from  others  by 
considerable  specific  gravity ;  a  particular  splen- 
dour; almost  total  opacity;  insolubility  in  water; 
and  the  property  they  have  of  ringing  when 
struck.  Metals  have  no  effect,  except  of  a  me- 
chanical nature,  when  taken  into  the  stomach; 
unless  they  have  already  undergone,  or  undergo 
in  the  stomach,  oxidation  or  union  with  an  acid; 
when  several  most  deleterious  compounds  may 
be  formed.  Copper  cents ;  half-pence ;  quicksil- 
ver ;  lead,  have  frequently  been  swallowed  in  the 
metallic  state  with  impunity.  Tin  and  mercury 
are  the  only  metals  prescribed  for  a  mechanical 
effect;  the  former  as  an  anthelmintic, — the  lit- 
ter, idly  enough,  in  cases  of  fancied  intussuscep- 
tion. 

M&TAL  DES  CLOCHES,  Bell-metal 

METALLAGE,  Metabasis. 

METALLAXIS,  Metallage. 

METALLIC  VOICE,  Tintement  nftotffee. 

METALLODYN'IA,  from  ^ctoaXw,  'a  metal,' 
and  oivwy  'pain.'  Pain  owing  to  the  injuria! 
influence  of  a  metal — as  lead,  quicksilver,  ic 

METALLUM,  Metal  —  m.  Haematopoieticim, 
Ferrum. 

METAMORPHOP'SIA,  Phantatmaseop'i; 
Phantasmatoscop'ia,  from  ptrapoefoot,  (per*,  sad 
fiop<prt,  'form,)  'I  transform,'  and  *$,  'the  era.' 
Suffu'sio,  Suffu'sio  Oculo'rum,  Suffu'sio  mttaaur* 
pho'sie,  S.  Myo'des,  Imagination  (Maitr*Jea«): 
Crupsia,  Marmar'ygl,  M armor1  ygt,  Mae'ul*  «* 
oc'ulos  volitan'tes,  Marau'gia,  Oc'uli  marmarj- 
go'des,  False  sight,  (F.)  Berlne.  Aberration  «f 
the  sense  of  sight,  which  transmits  the  image  si 
imaginary  objects.  This  affection  sometimes  de- 
pends on  a  slight  opacity  in  the  transparent  psrts 
of  the  eye ;  the  cornea,  crystalline,  or  vitreosi 
humour,  when  it  is  symptomatic  and  of  no  con- 
sequence. At  other  times,  it  appears  to  be  idio- 
pathic; and  occurs  particularly  in  those  vfco 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  constantly  fixing  their 
eyes  on  very  brilliant  or  small  bodies.  The  ob- 
jects fancied  to  be  Been  are  various.  They  art 
sometimes  circular,  perpetually  moving;  or  sail- 
ing or  black  spots,  cobwebs,  insect*,  or  pieces  at 
wood — when  they  are  often  termed  Musem  ••*►• 
tan't**,  (F.)  Moudm  wolantm,  and  the  condi&oa 


METAMORPHOSIS 


569 


METEOROLOGY 


Yisms  musca'rum,  Scotom'ata,  Suffu'rio  Mio'des, 
Myiodeop'sia,  Myodeopsia,  Visits  musca'rum. 
These  appearances  sometimes  continue  for  a  few 
days ;  being  dependent  on  the  state  of  the  nerves 
of  the  individual  at  the  time;  or  they  may  exist 
for  life,  and  ultimately  impair  the  sight.  Certain 
of  them  change  their  position,  and  appear  to  be 
seated  in  the  humours  of  the  eye,  and  —  it  has 
been  supposed  —  in  the  vitreous  humour  more 
especially:  hence  the  term  entohy'aloid  musca 
applied  to  them. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected  with 
any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not  often 
the  case,  attention  will  have  to  be  paid  to  that 
organ. 

METAMORPHOSIS  YENTRICULI  GELA- 
TINIFORMIS,  Gastromalacia. 

METANGISMOS,  Decantaticn. 

METAPEDIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 

METAPHYTEIA,  Transplanted. 

METAPODIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPOROPCE'IA,  Metaporopoie'sis,  from 
sttra,  'after,1  wopof,  '  a  pore/  and  votetv,  '  to  make.' 
The  change  produced  in  the  minute  pores,  in  the 
capillary  extremities  of  vessels, — when  they  pass 
from  the  morbid  to  the  healthy  condition. — Galen. 

METAPTO'SIS,  Metaschematis'mus,  Metasche- 
mat'isis.  Mutation,  change;  from  prravi-m*, 
intra,  and  xittw,  <I  fall,)  'I  digress/  Any 
change  in  the  form  or  seat  of  a  disease.  Trans- 
formation. 

METARRH(E'A,  Metar'rhysis,  from  msta, 
1  change  of  form  or  place,'  and  ptu,  '  I  flow.*  Re- 
flux. The  transfer  of  a  disease  from  without  to 
within,  or  from  one  part  to  another. 

METARRHYSIS,  Metarrhosa. 

METASCHEMATISI8,  Metaptosis. 

METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 

METASTASIS,  Metachortfsis,  Jfetacine'ma, 
Metacine'sis,  from  /is0<*nf/ti,  (/irra,  and  trravis, 
place/)  '  I  change  place.'  Displace' ment,  Trans- 
lation. A  change  in  the  seat  of  a  disease ;  at- 
tributed, by  the  Humorists,  to  the  translation  of 
the  morbific  matter  to  a  part  different  from  that 
which' it  had  previously  occupied:  and  by  the 
Solidists,  to  the  displacement  of  the  irritation. 
It  has  also  been  used  in  the  same  extensive  sense 
as  Metaptosis.  Disputes  have  often  been  in- 
dulged, whether  a  case  of  metastasis  ought  not 
rather  to  be  esteemed  one  of  extension  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  phonomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheu- 
matism are  in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally 
supervening. 

Metastasis  Lactis,  Galactoplania,  Phlegma- 
tia  dolens. 

METASTATIC,  Metastat'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  metastasis.  A  metastatic  crisis  is  one 
produced  by  metastatis; — a  metastatic  affection, 
one  caused  by  metastasis,  Ac.  See  Absoess,  me- 
tastatic. 

METASYN'CRISIS,  from  ovyicptvu,  'I  com- 
pose/ and  fiLra,  whioh  indicates  a  change.  Re- 
composi"tion,  A  word  employed  by  some  disciples 
of  Asclepiades.  This  physioian  supposed,  that 
all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union  or  assem- 
blage of  atoms.  He  designated  all  bodies  by  the 
word  svyKsifiara,  which  signifies  'assemblage.' 
2Svyirptvc*$a<,  'to  be  assembled/  was,  with  him, 
synonymous  with  ' to  exist/  and  6taxptvte$at, '  to 
separate/  was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  'to 
dissolve/  '  to  cease  to  exist,'  The  word  Metasyn- 
erisis  was  invented  to  express  the  reoomposition 
of  bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution. 
Borne  have  rendered  the  word  by  the  Latin  JRe- 
torpora'tio* 


METASYNCRIT'IC,  Metasyncrit'ictis,  Recor- 
porati'vus.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metasyncri- 
sis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medicines  to 
whioh  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  producing  the 
metasyncrisis  or  regeneration  of  the  body,  or 
some  of  its  parts. 

Metasyncritic  Cycle  meant  a  determinate 
series  of  remedies  employed  for  this  purpose. 

METATARSAL,  Metatar'seus,  (F.)  Mitatar- 
sien.    Relating  or  belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Artbry,  Artere  sus-mitatarsitnns 
of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Arteria  dor sa' lit 
Tarsi;  passes  transversely  over  the  back  of  the 
foot;  and  furnishes,  at  its  convexity,  which  is 
anterior,  three  branches,  called  A.  inter os' sea 
dorsa'Us  Pedis,  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Metatarsal  Articula'tiqns  are  those  result- 
ing from  the  junction  of  the  metatarsal  bones 
with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened,  behind, 
by  dorsal  and  plantar  ligaments ;  and  be/ore,  by 
a  transverse  metatarsal  ligament,  which  is  plantar, 
and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the  inferior  trans- 
verse metacarpal  ligament. 

Metatarsal  Bones,  (F.)  Os  mttatarsiens,  are 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their  num. 
ber ;  first,  second,  third,  Ac,  reokoning  from  the 
outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes ;  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Row— (F.)  Rangte  mitatarsienne 
—  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second  row, 
or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus ;  compre- 
hending the  cuboides  and  three  cuneiform  bones : 
some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  digit! 
pedis. 

M&TATARSIEN,  Metatarsal. 

METATARSO  -  PHALAJN  'GIAN,  Met  at  ar so- 
phalangia'nus,  Mctatarso-phalangal.  Relating 
to  the  metatarsus  and  phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalanqian  or  Metatarso-pha- 
langal  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metatarsus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. They  bear  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
metacarpo-pha langian  a rticula t io ns. 

m£tatarso-phalanqjen-lat£ral, 

see  Interossei  pedis  —  m.  Sous-phalangien  trans* 
versal  du  premier  orteil,  Transversus  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  Metatar'sium,  Metope' dium, 
Metapo'dium,  Praeor' dium  sen  So' Hum  pedis, 
Vestig"ium  pedis,  from  /irra,  '  after/  and  rapoos, 
'  the  tarsus.'  That  part  of  the  foot  whioh  is  situ- 
ate between  the  tarsus  and  toes,  corresponding 
with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  composed  of  five  pa- 
rallel bones ;  one  to  each  toe.  Like  the  metacar- 
pal bones,  they  are  developed  from  two  points  of 
ossification. 

MKTATH'ESIS,  from  ptrantonu,  (fttra,  and 
TiBtipt,  'to  place/)  'I  change  place.'  Transpo- 
sit"io.  An  operation,  by  which  a  morbific  agent 
is  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  whero  it 
may  produce  less  disturbance  in  the  exercise  of 
the  functions : — as,  for  example,  in  the  operation 
of  depressing  cataract,  or  when  calculus  in  the 
urethra  is  pushed  back  into  the  bladder.  Also, 
Derivation. 

METATlO,  Mensuration. 

METATOCIA,  from  pcra,  '  change  of  form  or 
place,'  and  tokos,  '  birth.'  Parturition  in  a  pre- 
ternatural manner.    Preternatural  labour. 

METATOPTOSIS,  Diadexis. 

METENSOMATOSUS,  Incorporation. 

METEORISMUS,  Sublimation,  Tympanites, 

METEOROL'OGY,  Meteorolog'Ha,  from  *+ 
rusfot,  'a  meteor/  and  Xoyn, '  a  discourse/   The 


METER 


660 


METROPATHIA 


science,  whose  object  is  a  knowledge  of  the  ori- 
gin, formation,  appearance,  Ac.  of  meteors.  The 
m  state  of  the  atmosphere  has  a  most  important 
*  bearing  upon  the  health  of  animals.  The  whole 
range  of  epidemic  affections  have  their  causes 
seated  there.  Meteorological  affections  have, 
'  hence,  ever  been  attended  to  by  the  physician  for 
the  purpose  of  detecting  the  precise  character  of 
any  particular  epidemic  influence.  The  barome- 
ter, thermometer,  and  hygrometer  are  the  instru- 
ments used  with  this  intent — to  detect,  as  well 
the  varying  weight  or  pressure,  and  the  tempera- 
rature,  as  the  moisture.  Perhaps,  of  the  three 
conditions,  the  last  exerts  more  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease  than  either  of  the  others. 
Our  knowledge,  however,  of  this  part  of  physics 
is  extremely  limited  and  unsatisfactory. 

METER,  fitrpov,  '  a  measure,'  a  suffix  to  words 
denoting  '  a  measure/  as  in  Barometer,  Plexime- 
ter,  Ac. 
METHJEMACHYMIA,  Transfusion. 
METH^'MATA ;  from  pttf, '  change  of  form/ 
and  'aipa,  '  blood.'   The  capillary  or  intermediate 
system  of  vessels  in  which  the  blood  undergoes 
the  change  from  venous  to  arterial,  and  converse- 
ly.— Marshall  Hall.    See  Capillary  vessels. 
METHE,  Temulentia. 
METHEGLIN,  Melizomum. 
METHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 
METHOD,  Meih'odue,  from  ju  ',  'with,'  and 
'oSos,  '  way/   This  word  has  different  acceptations 
in  the  sciences.     In  medicine,  curative  method, 
meth'odu*  meden'di,  is  the  methodical  treatment 
of  disease. 
Method  of  Counting,  Method,  numerical. 
Method,  Mariano's,  see  Lithotomy. 
Method,  Numerical,  Method  of  Observation 
or  of  Counting,  of  Louis,  (F.)  Mtthode  numSriqtte, 
consists  in  observing  every  case  and  every  symp- 
tom of  a  case  numerically,  so  as  to  ensure,  as  far 
as  practicable,  accuracy  of  observation ;  and  to 
enable  us,  by  the  analysis  and  oollation  of  such 
facts,  to  deduce  general  laws  and  conclusions. 
Also,  the  application  of  numbers  to  the  study  of 
disease.     See  Statistics,  Medical. 

M&THODE  NUMERIQUE,  Method,  nume- 
rical, Statistics,  medical — m.  Perturbatriee,  Per- 
turbatrix  (Medietas,) 
METIIODICS,  Methodists. 
M&THODIQUES,  Methodists. 
METH'ODISTS,  Method' ical  eect,  Method' ica, 
(F.)  3f£thodiete9,  Mithodique*.  A  sect  of  physi- 
cians whose  doctrine  was  in  vogue  alter  that  of 
the  Empirics  and  Dogmatists,  towards  the  end  of 
the  first  century.  According  to  the  Methodists, 
of  whom  Themison  was  the  chief,  almost  every 
disease  is  dependent  on  contraction  or  relaxa- 
tion— ttrictum  or  laxum.  To  these  two  causes, 
they  added  a  third — mixed  or  compound — to  in- 
clude those  affections  which  partook  of  the  two 
characters.  The  doctrine,  mediei'na  method' tea, 
resembled,  in  some  respects,  that  of  Brown. 

METHODOL'OGY  (MEDICAL), Methodo- 
log"iaMed'ica,  from  fitfhios,  'method,'  and  \oyos, 
'  a  discourse.'  A  word  used,  by  the  French  more 
especially,  to  signify  method  applied  to  the  study 
of  any  science.  Medical  Methodology,  conse- 
quently, means  method  applied  to»the  study  of 
medicine 

METHODUS  CATALEPTICA,  see  Cataleptic 
—  m.  Celsiana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Curatoria, 
Therapeutics. 

Methodus  Derivato'ria.  The  derivative  or 
revellent  system  of  treatment 

Methodus  Endermat'ica  sen  Ewderm'ica,  see 
Budermio— m.  Franooniana,  see  Lithotomy  — 


m.  Guytonfana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Medend% 
Method  of  cure,  Therapeutics. 

METHOMA'NIA,  from  /irfq,  'drunken nets,' 
and  fiavia,  '  mania.'  An  irresistible  desire  for  in- 
toxicating substances.    Temulentia. 

METHYSMUS,  Temulentia. 

METHYS'TICUS,  from  j«0*,  'drunkenness.' 
That  which  causes,  or  pertains  to,  drunkenness. 

METHYSTOPHYL'LUM  GLAUCUM. 
A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amyridacese, 
an  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  pleasant  to  the 
taste,  and  is  used  in  bronchitis,  asthma,  and  other 
thoracic  diseases.  With  the  Bushmen  and  others, 
it  is  a  favourite  beverage,  and  is  called  by  them 
Boechjeemantthee,  '  Bushman's  tea.'  It  is,  also, 
chewed. 

METODONTI'ASIS,  from  pcro,  'in  the  sense 
of  change,'  and  obomantt,  'dentition.'  Faulty 
development  of  the  teeth. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyoeephalus. 

METOP ANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from  /in-wror  (perm, 
and  *r&t  '  the  eye')  '  the  forehead,'  arrow,  *  a  ca- 
vity/ and  aXyt,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPANTRI'TIS,  Injiawxma'tio  it'n«m 
fronta'lium,  from  ficntrov,  'the  forehead,'  «**«•>, 
'  a  cavity,'  and  iti*,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

METOPION,  Bubon  galbanum. 

METOPIUM,  Mesophryon. 

METOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

METOPON,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 

METOPOS'COPY,  Metopo$cop'ia,fromptrwnv, 
'  the  forehead,'  and  okotsiv,  '  to  view.'  The  art 
of  knowing  the  temperament  and  character  of  a 
person  by  inspecting  the  traits  of  his  forehead  or 
face.     See  Physiognomy. 

METRA,  Uterus. 

METRiEMORRHAGIA,  Metrorrhagia. 

METRAL'GIA,  Metrodynia,  from  pfrrpt,  'the 
womb,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'    Pain  in  the  uterus. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

METRATRE'SIA,  Imper/ora'tio  v'teri,  from 
fiTfrpa  'the  womb,'  and  arprjaia,  '  im  perforation.' 
An  unnatural  closure  of  the  uterus. 

METRATROPH'IA,  from  pnrpa,  '  the  uterus,' 
a,  'privative,'  and  rpofij,  'nourishment.'  Atro- 
phy or  want  of  development  of  the  uterus. 

METRAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  sen  Sarco'tie 
u'teri,  from  fivrpa,  'the  uterus,'  and  avfr,  'in- 
crease.'   Hypertrophy  of  the  uterus. 

METRELCO'SIS,  Metrheko'rie,  from  p«i?«, 
'the  womb,'  and  'cXcof,  'an  uloer.'  Ulceration 
of  the  uterus. 

METREMPHRAX'IS,  from/evrpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  tpfpaovu,  '  I  obstruct'  Obstruction  of  the 
womb  or  of  the  vessels  of  the  womb — fnfarc'tm 
u'teri.  A  name  under  which  some  authors  have 
oonfounded  chronic  inflammation  of  that  viseus, 
and  the  different  degenerations  to  which  it  is 
exposed. 

METREMPHYSEMA,  Physometnu 

METREN'CHYTA,  Metren'chyte»,  from  pvtp* 
'  the  uterus/  and  tyx°ut  '  *  inject.'  Injection  of 
the  uterus.  Substances  injected  into  the  uterus 
are  called  Metren'chyta* 

METREURYS'MA,  from  unrpa,  and  apt,  'di- 
lated.'   A  morbid  dilatation  of  the  womb. 

METRHELCOSIS,  Metarelcosis. 

METRHYMENITIS,  see  Metritis. 

METRIOPATHI'A,  from  pcrsco*  'tempered,' 
and  vaSos,  'affection.'  State  of  an  individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 


METRITIS 


(61 


METROSCOPE 


METRI'TIS,  from  **rs«,  'the  womb.'  Febris 
mtiri'na,  Hy  uteri' tis,  Empres'ma  Hysteri'tis,  In- 
Jiamma'tio  U'teri,  Metrophlogo'sh,  Inflammation 
of  the  Uterus  or  Womb,  (P.)  Inflammation  de  la 
matrice.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of  this 
affection  are: — pain,  swelling,  and  tenderness  in 
the  hypogastric  region ;  with  heat,  pain,  and  ten- 
derness of  the  os  uteri ;  vomiting,  smallness,  and 
frequency  of  pulse.  It  occurs  most  frequently 
after  delivery,  when  there  is  generally  suppression 
of  the  lochial  discharge.  The  treatment  must  be 
vigorous,  —  bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make  a  de- 
cided impression;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium,  fomentations,  blisters,  Ao. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in  its 
Internal  membrane,  Endo-metri'tis,Metrhymen'itis, 
has  been  called  Injiamma'tio  eatarrha'lis  u'teri  or 
Acute  catarrh,  (F.)  Catarrhe  aigu,  of  that  viscus. 
It  is  known  by  the  discharge  of  a  clear,  stringy 
fluid  per  vagiuam;  preceded  by  pains,  which, 
from  the  hypogastric  region,  shoot  to  the  thighs, 
groins,  Ac,  with  more  or  less  fever.  It  roqutres 
the  antiphlogistic  treatment.  Chronic  metritis 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute.  To  it  must  be 
referred  the  indurations,  observed  in  the  uterus, 
and  many  of  the  leuoorrheal  discharges  to  which 
females  are  subject. 

Metritis  Rheumatic  a,  Metrorrheuma  —  m. 
Septica,  Metrocace  —  m.  Venosa,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROBLENNORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROCACE,  Metri'tie  sep'tica,  from  pnrpa, 
'the  womb/  and  ca«or,  'evil.'  Putresoency  or 
gangrene  of  the  uterus. 

METROCAMPSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

METROCARCINO'MA,  Hyeterocarcino'- 
ma,  U'teri  carcino'ma,  Cancer  u'teri,  from  unrpa, 
'  the  uterus,'  and  Kapxtvupa,  '  cancer.'  Canoer  of 
the  uterus. 

METROCELIDES,  Nsbvus. 

METROCUOLO'SIS,  from  pnrpa,  'the  uterus/ 
and  x°^oi>  '  hile.'    Febria  pucrpera'lis  bilio'sa. 

METRODYNIA,  Metralgia. 

METROILfi'MIA,  Hypermetrohimie,  from  pn- 
rpa,  '  the  uterus/  and  'aipa, '  blood.'  Hyperemia 
or  congestion  of  blood  in  the  uterus. 

METROHEMORRHAGE,  Metrorrhagia. 

METROLOXIA,  Hysteroloxia. 

METROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalaeia. 

METRO MALACOSIS,  Hysteromalaeia. 

METROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

METROPARALYSIS,  from  pnrpa,  '  the  ute- 
rus/ and  rapaXvets,  '  paralysis/  Paralysis  of  the 
uterus. 

METROPATHI'A,  from  wroa,  'the  womb/ 
and  xadoiy  '  affection/    An  affection  of  the  womb. 

M&  TR  0  -  PERITONITE  P  UERP&RALE, 
see  Poritonitis. 

METROPERITONITIS,  from  pnrpa,  '  the  ute- 
rus/ and  '  peritonitis.'  Injiamma'tio  u'teri  et  peri- 
tonei. Inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  perito- 
neum.    Puerperal  Fever.     See  Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBITIS,  from  wrpa,  'the  uterus/ 
fXe^l,  '  a  vein/  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  veins  of  the  uterus. 

Metrophlebitis  Puerperalis,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROPHLOGOSIS,  Metritis. 

METROPHTHI'SIS,  Phthi'sis  uieri'na,  from 
nrjrpa,  '  the  uterus/  and  Qdtw,  '  I  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  ulceration  of  the  uterus —  Ul'cera 
sea  Helco'sis  u'teri. 

METROPOL'YPUS,  Hys'tero-poVypus,  Poly- 

fus  U'teri,  from  pvrpa,  'the  uterus/  and  polypus. 
olypus  of  the  uterus* 
METROPROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri 
METROPTOSIS.  Prolapsus  uteri 
36 


METRORRHAGIA,  Metramorr\ag,,ia,  Hm-  ' 
morrhagia  uteri'nOf^  If.  u'teri,  Sanguiflux'us  ute- 
ri'nut,  San'guinis  itillicid'ium  ab  U'tero,  Fluor, 
uteri' ni  san'guinis,  Proflu'vium  San'guini*  ex  u'fe- 
ro,  Hysterorrhag"  ia  sanguin'ea,  Hysterorrhot'a, 
Hamorrhcs'a  uteri' na  (of  some),  Menorrhag"ia  (of 
some),  Uterine  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  th* 
Womb,  Metrohemorrhage,  Hamatome'tra,  Hema- 
toma'tr  a,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Matrice,  Pertes, 
Pertee  utirines  rouges,  P.  de  sang ;  from  pnrpa, 
'the  womb/  and  pnyrvftt,  'I  break  forth.'  An 
effusion  of  blood  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
uterus,  either  at  the  menstrual  or  other  periods ; 
but  in  a  greater  quantity  than  proper.  Uterine 
hemorrhage  may  be  caused  by  those  influences 
which  produce  hemorrhage  in  general.  It  hap- 
pens, however,  more  frequently  during  pregnancy, 
and  during  or  after  delivery,  when  the  vascular 
system  of  the  uterus  is  so  circumstanced  as  to 
favour  its  occurrence  more  than  at  other  periods. 
The  termination  of  metrorrhagia  is  usually  fa- 
vourable. Should  it,  however,  be  very  copious, 
or  frequently  recur;  or  should  it  happen  to  a 
great  extent  after  delivery,  death  may  occur  very 
speedily;  and,  in  some  cases,  without  the  dis- 
charge being  perceptible;  constituting  internal 
hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment  The 
general  management  is  similar  to  that  of  hemor- 
rhage in  general; — the  horizontal  posture;  acid 
drinks ;  free  admission  of  cool  air ;  cold  applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  thighs,  and  abdomen ;  injection 
of  cold  water,  even  of  iced  water,  into  the  vagina; 
plugging  the  vagina,  so  as  to  prevent  the  dis- 
charge per  vaginam,  and  thus  induce  a  coagulum 
in  the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessel.  Such  will 
be  the  special  plan  adopted  where  the  hemorrhage 
has  occurred  in  one  not  recently  delivered.  In 
uterine  hemorrhage  after  delivery,  the  same  cool- 
ing plan  must  be  followed ;  but,  as  the  flow  of 
blood  is  owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so 
as  to  constringe  its  vessels,  pressure  must  be 
made  on  the  abdomen  to  aid  this ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, the  hand  must  be  introduced  into  the  uterus 
to  stimulate  it  to  contraction.  Should  the  female 
be  excessively  reduced,  so  as  to  render  the  accou- 
cheur apprehensive  that  she  may  expire  fixm  loss 
of  blood,  brandy  may  be  exhibited.  The  profuse 
exhibition  of  opium  in  such  cases,  is,  at  least,  a 
doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  has,  at  times,  been  practised  as  a 
last  resource. 

METRORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  U'teri, 
Hysteral'gia  rheumat'ica  seu  eatarrha'lis,  Metri'- 
tie rheum  at' tea,  (F.)  Rheumatieme  de  tute'rus; 
from  fujrpa,  'the  womb/  and  ptv/ta,  'defluxion/ 
rheumatism.'    Rheumatism  of  the  uterus. 

METRORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

METRORRHEA,  from  pnrpa,  'the  uterus, 
and  f>ew,  '  I  flow.'  A  protracted  discharge  of  any 
fluid  from  the  uterus. 

METROSCIRRHUS,  Hysteroscir'rhus,  Scir- 
rhus  seu  Carcino'ma  u'teri,  from  pnrpa,  'the 
womb/  and  eKtppoi,  'scirrhus/  ScirrhuB  of  the 
uterus. 

METROSCOPE,  Ifetroscqp'ium,  from  unrpa, 
'  the  uterus/  and  rxoirtu,  '  to  view.'  An  instru- 
ment, invented  by  M.  Nauche,  for  listening  to 
the  sounds  of  the  heart  of  the  foetus  in  utero- 
gestation,  when  the  sounds  and  movements  %re 
imperceptible  through  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men. The  extremity  of  the  instrument  —  the 
first  notion  of  which  was  given  to  M.  Nauche  by 
the  stethoscope  of  Lae'nnec  —  is  introduced  into 
the  vagina  and  applied  against  the  neck  of  tha 
uterus. 


METROSIDEROS 


50) 


MIDWIFERY 


METROSIDEROS  GUMMIFERA,  gee  Kino. 

METROSTERE'SIS,  from  wrpa,  'the  uterus/ 
and  rrcMtft;,  '  privation.'  Extirpation  of  the  ute- 
rus.   Want  of  uterus. 

METROTOMIA,  Cesarean  section. 

MEU,  J2thusa  meum. 

MEULIERE,  Molar. 

MEUM,  JEthusa  meum  —  m.  Anethifolium, 
JSthusa  meum  —  m.  Athamantioum,  JEthusa 
meum. 

MEURTRISSURE,  Contusion. 

MEVIUM,  Syphilis. 

MEZEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEZEREON,  Daphne  mesereum. 

MIAMMA,  Miasma. 

MIANSIS,  Miasma. 

MIARIA,  Miasma, 

MIAS'MA,  Miasm,  ptavpa,  'a  stain/  from  fitat- 
rw, '  I  contaminate/  Miam'ma,  Mian' sis,  Mia'ria, 
Mias'mus,  Inquinamen'tum,3folyn'sis,  Conta'gium. 
The  word  miasm  has,  by  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion.  It  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vege- 
table substances,  or  from  the  earth,  especially  in 
marshy  districts,  {Marsh  poison,  EJiu'vium  va- 
lue* tre,  Gas  palus'tri,  (F.)  Intoxication  des  Ata- 
rax*,) which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence  on 
those  who  are  exposed  to  its  action.  To  these 
terrestrial  emanations — the  Koino-mias'mata  of 
Dr.  E.  Miller,  of  New  York  — the  Italians  give 
the  name  aria  eattiva,  but,  more  commonly,  ma- 
la'ri  a;  a  word  which  has  been  adopted  into 
•other  languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia,  origi- 
nating from  the  decomposition  of  matter  derived 
.from  the  human  body,  have  been  called  by  Dr. 
Miller,  Idiomias'mata;  the  epithets  Koino  and 
Idio  being  derived  respectively  from  kqivqs,  'com- 
mon/ and  iSios,  '  personal.'  Of  the  miasms  which 
arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from  the 
most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  chemically, 
.nothing.  All  that  we  do  know  is,  that,  under 
such  circumstances,  emanations  take  place,  capa- 
ble of  causing  disease  in  many  of  those  who  are 
exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASMATIC,  Miasmat'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  miasmata.  Sauvagcs,  in  his  classifi- 
cation of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology,  has 
a  class  under  the  name  Morbi  miasmat'ici.  A 
fever  that  arises  from  marsy  miasms,  is  styled 
mala'rious,  paln'dal,  Helop'ura,  Hclopyr' etus.  Ac. 

MIASMUS,  Miasma, 

MICiE  PANIS,  see  Triticum. 

MICATIO  CORDIS,  Systole. 

MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Champaca,  Mi- 
chelia  Tsjampaca.  An  Oriental  tree,  much  prized 
•for  the  odour  and  beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  oily 
infusion  of  the  flowers  is  employed  in  the  Moluc- 
cas in  headach. 

MICLE'TA:  A  medicine  used  by  Mesne  for 
Arresting  hemorrhage;  perhaps,  according  to 
Siebenhaar,  from  the  Arabic,  micknata,  "proved 
'by  experience." 

MICOSIS,  Frambcesia. 

MICRENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 

MICRENCEPIIALON,  Cretinism. 

MICRENCEPHALY,  Cerebellum. 

MICROCEPH'ALUS,  Microcra'niue,  from 
#urpot,  'small/  and  Kt+a\n,  'head/  One  who  has 
a  small  head.  A  monster  having  a  small  imper- 
fect head,  or  a  small  imperfect  cranium. 

MICROCORIA,  Myosis. 

MI'CROCOSM,  Microcoe'mue,  from  pirpo;, 
'little,'  and  Kovpos,  'world/  A  little  world. 
Home  philosophers  have  given  this  appellation  to 
man,  whom  they  consider  as  the  epitome  of  all 


that  is  admirable  in  the  world.  The  world  tkey 
call  Macrocosm. 

MICROCOSMETOR,  Vital  principle. 

MICROCOSM'ICA  MA  CHI 'N  A.  The  organ- 
ism of  man. 

Microcosmica  SciENTiA,  Physiology. 

Microcosmicum  Sal,  with  the  ancients  meant 
the  salts  of  the  urine,  —  Sal  uri'na. 

MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOUST'IC,  Microcus'ticus,  from  pi*p»* 
'  small/  and  ckoow,  '  I  hear/  This  word,  as  well 
as  Microphonous,  from  pitpos,  '  small/  and  +***, 
'  voice/  means  any  thing  that  contributes  to  in- 
crease the  intensity  of  sound  —  as  the  speaking 
trumpet  —  by  collecting  the  sonorous  rays. 

MICROCRANIUS,  Microcephalus. 

MICROGLOSSIA,  from  /<i«f»(,  'small/  and 
yXwrra,  '  tongue/     Original  smallness  of  .tongue. 

MICROLEUCONYMPHJBA,  Nymphsea  alba. 

MICROM'ELUS,  Bemim'eles,  from  pup* 
'  small/  and  pcXos,  '  a  limb/  A  monster  having 
imperfectly  developed  extremities. 

MICROMMATUS,  Mierophthalmus. 

MICROPHONOUS,  Microcoustic 

MICROPHTHAI/MUS,  Microm'motus,  from 
pttpof,  'little/  and  «f>$a\f»o<,  'eye/  One  who  has 
small  eyes.  A  monster  with  too  small,  or  imper- 
fectly developed  eyes.  A  small  eye,  —  Ophthal- 
mid'ium,  Ophthal' mium. 

MICROPODIA,  Micropus. 

MICROPROSO'PTJS,  Aproso'ptu,  from  mta^st, 
'small/  and  *poiru>Tov,  'face/  A  monster  in  which 
a  part  of  the  face  is  absent. 

MI'CROPUS,  from  fiurso*,  'small/  and  n*, 
'  foot'  One  who  has  small  feet.  The  condition 
is  called  Jlicropo'dia. 

MICROR'CHIDES;  from  uiepof,  'small/  and 
opgtr,  'a  testicle/  They  who  have  very  email 
testicles. 

MI'CROSCOPY,  Microscop'ium ;  from  pus** 
'  small/  and  ckoittj,  '  a  view/  Observation  by  the 
microscope ;  an  important  agency  in  the  exami- 
nation of  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues. 

MICROSPHYC'TUS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

MICROSPHYXIA,  from  /u*po{,  and  «**yptft 
'  pulse/    Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

MICROS'TOMUSj  from  uupv,  'small/ and 
oro/ia,  '  mouth/    One  who  has  a  small  month. 

MICROTE'SIA,  Par'tium  organiea'rnm  post- 
vital morbo'sa;  from  fiixpo-nji,  'smallness.'  Mor- 
bid smallness  of  organic  parts. 

MICROTRAPEZIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICROTRICH'IA;  from  Pik9<k,  'small/ and 
4*i£, '  hair/    Fineness  or  shortness  of  hair. 

MICROTROPHIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICTIO,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruenta,  Hsfimata- 
ria — m.  Inopportuna,  Enuresis — m.  Involunlaria, 
Enuresis  —  m.  Sanguinea,  Hematuria, 

MICTION,  Micturition. 

MICTURIT"ION,  Mic'tio,  Mictus,  tW'jw. 
Uri'asis,  Omiche'sis,  (F.)  Miction,  from  micturio, 
'  I  make  water/  The  act  of  making  water.  Abo, 
morbid  frequency  of  passing  the  water. 

MICTUS,  Micturition  —  in.  Cruentus,  Hsna- 
turia. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mitf,  'with/  and  yiiTf  'wife,' 
or,  from  mid,  'meed/  'recompense/  and  F& 
'  wife/  Matro'na,  Obstet'rir,  Hypere'tria,  Jf*«» 
Matas,  Mau'tria,  Aces' ton's,  Aces' tri*.  Acee'tnOy 
(F.)  Sage  femme,  Accoucheuse.  A  female  who 
practises  obstetrics. 

MIDWIFERY,  Obstetrics. 


M1KL 


MS 


MILK 


M1SL,  Mel— «.  ff  Achate  de  Cuivre,  Linimen- 
tnm  nruginis  —  m.  Mercurial*  compost,  Mellitum 
de  mercuriali  compositum. 

MIEUTER,  Accoucheur. 

MIGMA,  Mistura, 

MIGRAINE,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRANA,  Hemicrania. 

MIKANIA  GUACO,  Guaco. 

MILFOIL,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MIL1AIRE,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA,  Miliary  fever  — m.  Sudans,  Mi- 
liary fever  —  m.  Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  anglicus,  S. 
picardicus. 

MIL'IARY  (FEVER,)  EmpUy'sis  milia'ria, 
Miliaria,  M.  sudans,  Milia'ria,  M.  sudato'ria, 
Sudor,  S.  milia'ria,  Pap'ula  milia'ria,  Febrie  mi- 
liaria, Exanihe'ma  miliaria,  Syn'ochua  miliaria, 
Aspre'do  milia'cea,  Febrie  eaeero'aa,  F.puncticu- 
la'ria,  F,  culicula'rie,  F.  veeicula'rie,  F.  lenticu- 
la'ris,  Pur'pura  puerpera'rum,  P.  milia'ria,  Fe- 
bria purpura' ti  rubra  et  alba  milia'ria,  Pap' vice 
sudo'rie,  Millet -seed  raah,  (F.)  Miliaire,  Millet, 
Pourpre  blanc,  Millet,  It  is  so  called  from  the 
eruption  resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or 
millet.  Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 
small,  red,  isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent,  but 
almost  always  very  numerous,  slightly  raised 
above  the  skin,  and  presenting,  at  the  end  of  24 
hours,  a  small  vesicle  filled  with  a  white  transpa- 
rent fluid;  which  quickly  dries  up,  and  separates 
in  the  form  of  scales.  Miliary  fever  is  now  rare, 
in  consequence  of  the  cooling  practice  in  fevers 
%nd  other  states  of  the  system.  It  is  almost 
always  brought  on  by  external  heat,  and  hence 
the  prevention  is  obvious.  The  treatment  is 
simple.  It  requires  merely  the  antiphlogistio 
regimen,  in  ordinary  oases. 

Miliary  Granulations  or  Tubercles,  see 
Granulation. 

MILII  SEMINA,  Panicum  Italicum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  of  milium,  'millet' 
Cenchrid'ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eyelids, 
resembling,  in  size,  a  millet-seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceum,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Esculentum,  Panicum  miliaceum — 
m.  Indicum,  Panicum  Italicum — m.  Panicum, 
Panicum  miliaceum  —  m.  Soils,  Lithospermum 
officinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  melc,  Lac,  Gala,  Humor  lacf- 
teus,  Latex  ni'veua,  (F.)  Lait,  A  fluid  secreted 
by  the  mammary  glands  of  the  females  of  the 
mammalia.  The  skimmed  milk  of  the  cow,  (F.) 
Lait  de  Vache,  contains  water,  caseous  matter, 
traces  of  butter,  sugar  of  milk,  chloride  of  sodium, 
phosphate,  and  acetate  of  potass,  lactic  acid,  lac- 
tate of  iron,  and  earthy  phosphate.  The  cream 
is  formed  of  butter,  casein,  and  whey,  in  which 
there  is  sugar  of  millfc.  and  salts.  When  exa- 
mined by  the  microscope,  milk  is  seen  to  contain 
a  large  number  of  particles,  of  irregular  size  and 
shape,  varying  from  T3Lmrth  to  a-gVuth  °*"  an 
inch  in  diameter.  They  consist  of  oily  matter, 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  pellicle,  and  are  the 
milk  globulea. 

Cow's  milk  is  employed  for  the  preparation  of 
cream,  butter,  cheese,  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  and 
frangipane.  It  is  useful  in  a  number  of  cases  of 
poisoning;  either  by  acting  as  a  demulcent,  or 
by  decomposing  certain  poisons,  or  by  combining 
with  others  so  as  to  neutralize  them.  It  is  con- 
stantly employed  as  aliment,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  emulsion  in  which  butter  and  casein  are 
found  in  suspension.  When  taken  into  the  sto- 
mach, it  is  coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and 
the  coagulum  is  digested  like  any  other  solid. 
The  watery  parts  are  absorbed. 


Between  milk,  flour,  and  blood,  there  is  great 
similarity  of  composition.  The  following  table 
is  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Dundas  Thomson : 


JfiZfc. 
Curd  or  Casein,  • 
Butter 

Hour, 

'Fibrin, 

Albumen, 

Casein, 

Gluten. 

'Oil. 
Sugar, 
.  Starch, 

•     Do. 

Blood, 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Colouring 

matter. 
Fat 

Sugar 

Chloride  of  potassium,  ' 

J  Sugar. 

Phosphate  of  soda, 

Do. 

iron, 

From  a  considerable  number  of  experiments, 
Messrs.  Deyeux  and  Parmentief  class  the  six 
kinds  of  milk,  which  they  examined,  according 
to  the  following  table,  as  regards  the  relative 
quantity  of  materials  they  contain. 


Casein, 

Butter. 

Sugar  of 
Milk, 

Serum, 

Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goat 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Woman 

Ass 

Mare 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Milk  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa— 
m.  Almond,  Emulsio  amygdala?. 

Milk  and  Soda  Water.  An  agreeable  mode 
of  taking  milk  in  cases  where  it  lies  heavily  on 
the  stomach.  Heat,  nearly  to  boiling,  a  teacup- 
ful  of  milk;  dissolve  in  it  a  tcaspoonful  of  sugar, 
put  it  into  a  large  tumbler,  and  pour  over  it  two- 
thirds  of  a  bottle  of  soda  water. 

Milk,  Asses',  (F.)  Lait  d*Aneeae,  considerably 
resembles  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the  con- 
sistence, smell,  and  tasto :  but  it  contains  a  little 
less  cream,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter.  It  is 
often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pulmonary 
affections. 

Artificial  Asses'  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
gelatin  Jssj  dissolving  it,  by  the  aid  of  heat,  in 
barley  water  Oy ;  adding  refined  sugar  5j ;  pour- 
ing into  the  mixture  new  milk  Oj ;  and  beating 
the  whole  with  a  whisk. 

It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dissolving  sugar 
of  milk  3U  in  tepid  skimmed  cow* a  milk  Oj. 

Milk,  Ewes',  (F.)  Lait  de  Brcbis.  It  affords 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk ;  but  the  butter  is 
softer.  The  caseum,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid.  It  contains  less  serum  than 
cow's  milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it 

Milk  Fever,  see  Fever,  milk  —  m.  Glass, 
Breast  glass  —  m.  Globules,  see  Milk. 

Milk,  Goats',  (F.)  Lait  de  Chivre,  resembles 
cows'  milk:  the  butyraceous  matter,  however, 
which  enters  into  its  composition,  is  more  solid 
than  that  of  the  cow. 

Artificial  Goats'  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
fresh  euet  gj  ;  cutting  it  into  small  pieces j  tying 
it  in  a  muslin  bag,  large  enough  to  leave  the 
morsels  free  from  compression ;  and  boiling  in  a 
quart  of  cows*  milk,  sweetened  with  a  quarter  of 
an  ounce  of  white  sugar  candy. 

Used  as  a  diet  in  scrofulous  cases,  and  also  it 
phthisis. 


/ 

MILKY 


5*4 


MUTT 


Milk,  Hum  ax,  (P.)  Lait  de  femme, — contains 
More  sugar,  milk,  and  cream,  and  less  easeum, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differ*  accord- 
ing to  the  distance  of  time  from  delivery. 

MILK  KyoT,  Galacto-gan' glion ;  (F.)  Ganglion 
Irriteax.  The  knots  often  observed  in  the  breast 
after  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time 
after  the  suppression  of  the  secretion.  They  ge- 
nerally end  by  resolution. 

Milk  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — bdu  Males', 
Sperm. 

Milk,  Mares',  (F.)  Lait  de  Jvment,— contains 
only  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  butyraceous  matter; 
a  little  caeeum,  softer  than  that  of  cows'  milk,  and 
more  scrum. 
Milk  Scall,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
Milk  Sickness,  Sick  stomach,  Swamp  rictneee, 
Tire*,  Sioux,  Stiff  joint*,  Puking  fever,  River 
tukne**.  A  disease  occasionally  observed  in  the 
states  of  Alabama,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  which 
affects  both  man  and  cattle,  but  chiefly  the  latter. 
It  is  attributed  in  cattle  to  something  eaten  or 
drunk  by  them ;  and  in  man  to  the  eating  of  the 
flesh  of  animals  labouring  under  the  disease. 
Owing  to  the  tremors  that  characterize  it  in  ani- 
mals, it  is  called  the  Tremble*.     It  is  endemic. 

The  symptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons  — 
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation, 
Ac. :  and  the  approved  indications  of  treatment 
appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxatives,  with 
quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 

Milk,  Snakes',  Euphorbia  corollata — m.  Spots, 
Strophulus — m.  Stone,  Morochthus — m.  Sugar  of, 
Sugar  of  milk —  m.  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  prsscipi- 
tatum — m.  Sweet,  Galium  verum — m.  Teeth,  see 
Dentition — m.  Thrush,  Aphtha) — m.  Vetch,  As- 
tragalus verus  —  m.  Vetch,  stemless,  Astragalus 
exscapus  —  m.  Weed,  Apocynum  androssemifo- 
lium,  Asclepias  Syriaca,  Euphorbia  corollata-— 
m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green,  Acerates  longifolia 
—  m.  Weed,  smooth,  Asclepias  Sullivantii —  m. 
Wort,  bitter,  Polygala  amara— m,  Wort,  common, 
Polygala — m.  Wort,  dwarf,  Polygala  paucifolia 
— m.  Wort,  rattlesnake,  Polygala. 
MILKY,  Lactic. 

MILL  MOUNTAIN,  Linnm  catharticum. 
MILLEFEUILLE,  Achillea  millefolium. 
MILLEFOLIUM,  Achillea  millefolium. 
MILLEMORBIA    SCROPHULARIA,    Soro- 
phularia  nodosa. 
MILLEPEDES,  Onisci  aselli. 
MILLEPERTUIS    ORDINAIRE,   Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 

MILLET,  Aphthss,  Miliary  fever— m.  Barba- 
docs,  Panicum  Italicum — m.  Common,  Panicum 
miliaceum —  m.  Indian,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m. 
den  Oieeaux,  Panicum  Italicum — m.  Ordinaire, 
Panicum  miliaceum. 
MILLET-SEED  RASH,  Miliary  fever. 
MILLIGRAMME,  from  mille,  'a  thousand,' 
and  ypafifia,  'a  gramme.'     The  thousandth  part 
of  a  gramme ;  —  about  0.0154  Troy  grain. 
MILLIGRANA,  Herniaria  glabra. 
MILLIMETRE,   Millim'eter,  from  mille,   'a 
thousand/  and  fterpop,   'measure.'      The  thou- 
'  sandth  part  of  the  metre;  —  equal  to  0.03937 
English  inch,  or  about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 
MIL  LOT,  Miliary  fever. 
MILPH.fi,  Madarosis. 
MILPHOSIS,  Madarosis. 
MILT-LIKE  TUMOUR,  Encephaloid. 
MILTUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 
MILTWASTE,  Asplenium 
MIMOSA  CATECHU,  Catechu— m.  Cochlia- 
carpa,  see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensts —  m. 
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit  ( \rrack)— m.  Nilotic*,  see 


Acacia*  gnmmi — m.  Seandena,  Cadiang-paraig 
— m.  Senegal,  see  Senegal,  gum — at,  Yirginalis, 
see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasilieusis. 

MIND,  ABSENCE  OF,  Aphelxia  soeors —  m. 
Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  intenta — m.  Unsound, 
Insanity. 

MINERALIUM,  Antunonium. 

MINER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it ;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MLNIM'ETER ;  badly  compounded  from  mi- 
nimum and  pcrpov, '  measure.'  An  instrument  for 
measuring  minims,  invented  by  Mr.  A  Is  op.  It 
consists  of  a  glass  tube,  graduated  from  the  co- 
nical point  into  minims ;  and  having  a  piston,  by 
the  elevation  of  which,  fluid  may  be  drawn  into 
the  tube,  and  by  its  depression  be  forced  from  it 

MIN'IMUM,  a  minim,  'the  least  part  or  por- 
tion/ The  60th  part  of  a  fluidrachm.  This 
measure  has  been  introduced  by  the  London  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the  uncer- 
tainty of  the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gntta.)  Tbe 
subdivision  of  the  wine  pint  has,  according.?, 
been  extended  to  the  60th  part  of  the  fluidracbm ; 
and  glass  measures,  called  "minim-measures'* 
have  been  adopted  by  the  London  College.  The 
proportion  between  the  minims  and  the  drops  •  f 
various  fluid  preparations  is  exhibited  in  the  fol- 
lowing table.  The  results  were  obtained  by  Mr. 
Durand,  a  skilful  pharmaeien  of  Philadelphia, 
under  circumstances,  as  regards  the  different  ar- 
ticles, as  nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  op  thb  Nditbkb  of  Dbops  op  tcftzkext 
Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Acid  Acetio,  crystallizable. 1M 

Acid  Hydrocyanic  (medicinal) 45 

Muriatic 54 

Nitric S4 

diluted  (1  to  7) M 


Sulphuric W 

aromatic ISO 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit) 1?? 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit) 12J 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of. 57 

Ether,  Sulphurio 150 

Oils  of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Pepper- 
mint, Sweet  Almonds,  Olives IS) 

Tinotures  of  Asafcetida,  Foxglove,   Guaiac 

Opium, 1-0 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron 1J2 

Vinegar,  distilled 7* 

of  Colchicutn «8 

of  Opium  (black  drop) 75 

of  Squill 75 


Water,  distilled 4* 

Water  of  Ammonia  (strong) 54 

Do  do.         (weak) 45 

Wine  (Teneriffe) £ 

Antiraonial 72 

of  Colchicum 75 

of  Opium 78 

MINISTER  GYMNASTJS,  Paodotribes. 

MINITHOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Gm- 
corum,  Hydrargyri  sulphurctum  rubrum —■»■ 
Purum,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

MINOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  muscle  situate  on  the 
posterior  border  of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  at  its 
commencement  in  the  fossa  of  the  concha. 

MINOR ATIV  US,  Laxative, 

MINT,  COCK,  Tanacetnm  balsamita  — ». 
Curled,  Mentha  crispa— m.  Cat,  Nepeta  —  m. 
Horse,  Monarda  coccinea  and  M.  punctata— ul 


MINUTHESIS 


m 


MITHRHUTH 


Horse,  hairy,  Blephilia  hirsuta — m.  Hone,  Ohio, 
Blephilia  hirsuta — m.  Horse,  sweet,  Cunila  Ma- 
riana— m.  Hyssop-leaved,  Mentha  cervina. 

Mint  Julep.  A  drink,  consisting  of  brandy, 
sugar,  and  pounded  ice,  flavoured  by  sprigs  of 
mint     It  is  an  agreeable  alcoholio  excitant 

Mint,  Mountain,  Monarda  coccinea — m.  Moun- 
tain, common,  Pycnanthemum  in  can  urn — m.  Pep- 
per, Mentha  piperita  —  m.  Spear,  Mentha  viridis 
— in.  Squaw,  Hedeoma — m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana— m.  Water,  Mentha  aquatica. 

MINUTHESIS,  Meiosis. 

MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes. 

MIOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MIROCELE,  Merocele. 

MISADIR,  Ammoniae  murias. 

MISANTHRO'PIA,  Misan'thropy,  Exanthro'- 
pia,  Phyganthro'pia,  from  utvos,  'hatred/  and 
«v$pctf*<K,  'man.'  Aversion  to  man  and  society; — 
a  symptom  of  melancholy,  and  hypochondriasis. 

MISCARRIAGE,  Abortion. 

MISERERE  MEI,  Ileus. 

MISHME  TEETA,  Coptis  teeta. 

MISMAR,  Mesemar.  A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  the 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHUS,  from  utvos,  'hatred/  and 
wTm\9it  'poor.'  That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
•  poor.  The  gout  has  been  so  called  by  some,  be- 
oause  it  commonly  affects  the  rich. 

MISSADAN,  Hydrargyrum. 

MISSIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

MISTIO,  Mistura. 

MISTLETOE,  Visoum  album— m.  Yellowish, 
Viscum  flavescens. 

MISTU'RA,  Migma,  Mis'Ho,  Mix'tio,  Mixtu'ra, 
a  mixture;  from  miscere,  mixtum,  'to  mix.'  A 
mingled  compound,  in  which  different  ingredients 
ufa  contained  in  the  fluid  state ;  suspended  or  not 
by  means  of  mucilaginous  or  saccharine  matter. 
In  this  sense,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  French 
Potion,  In  France,  however,  the  word  mixture 
is  more  frequently  understood  to  mean  a  liquid 
medicine,  which  contains  very  active  substances, 
and  can  only  be  administered  by  drops.  A  mix- 
ture, in  other  words,  in  the  French  sense,  may  be 
regarded  as  a  potion  deprived  of  watery  vehicle. 

MISTURA,  (S.)  A  fragrant  yellow-coloured 
water,  used  as  a  perfume  by  the  ladies  of  Peru. 
It  is  prepared  from  gillyflower,  jasmine,  and  flor 
de  mistela  (Talinum  umbellatum).  See  Campo- 
manesia  lineatifolia, 

Mistura  Ac"idi  Hydrocyan'ici,  Mixture  of 
Prussic  acid,  Milange  pectoral  (Magendie).  (Me- 
dicinal prussic  acid,  gj,  distilled  water,  3x1V, 
pure  sugar,  gias.)  A  dessert-spoonful  every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  pectoral,  £0. 

Mistura  Akmoni'aci,  Lac  ammoniaci,  Mixture 
of  ammoniac.  (Ammoniac,  £ij,  aqua  Oss.  Rub 
the  ammoniacum:  adding  the  water  gradually 
until  they  are  perfectly  mixed.)   Dose,  f^ss  to  gj. 

Mistura  Amygdala,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 

Mistura  Asafoe'tidjB,  Lac  asafostidaf  EmuU 
•to  antihyster'ica,  Mixture  of  asafoetida,  (F.)  Zait 
tfasafcetida.  (Asafoetida  gij,  aqua,  Oss,  Rub 
together,  adding  the  water  by  degrees.)  Used 
where  pills  cannot  be  swallowed,  and  as  a  glyster 
in  irritations  during  dentition,  and  in  ascarides. 
Pose,  fgss  to  fgiss. 

Mistura  Asafgbtibjs  pro  Cltsmatjs,  Enema 
fcetidum. 

Mistura  Cax'phor^,  Aqua  camphora  (Ph.  U. 
6.),  Camphor  mixture,  Camphor  julep,  Mistura 
camphora' ta,  Jula'pium  e  camphord  seu  campho- 
ratum,  (F.)  Julep  camphrS.  (Camphor,  gij,  al- 
cohol, Tlj,xl,  magnet,  carb.  glv,  aqua  Og.  Rub 
the  camphor  with  the  alcohol,  and  afterward* 


with  the  magnesia,  add  the  water,  and  fitter.) 
Virtues  like  those  of  camphor.  See  Emulsio 
camphorsB. 

Mistura  Cornu  Usti,  Decoc'tum  jomu  cervi'ni, 
Decoe'tum  album,  Decoction  of  burnt  hartshorn, 
Mixture  of  burnt  hartshorn.  (Oornuum  net.  5ij, 
acacia  gum.  eont  §j,  aqua  Oiij.  Boil  to  Og, 
constantly  stirring,  and  strain.    Ph.  L.) 

Mistura  Cret*,  Potio  carbona'tie  calcie,  Mis* 
tura  creta'cea,  Mucila'go  cretica,  Chalk  mixture, 
Creta'eeous  mixture,  (F,)  Mixture  de  Craie. 
(Oreta  pp.  §ss,  eacchar.,  acacia  gum.  in  pulv., 
tt  &it  aqua  cin*  "" 

U.S.)    Antacid! 

Mistura 

name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals  for  malin- 
gerers. It  is  made  of  sundry  nauseous  ingre- 
dients, as  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  Ac,  and  U 
given  so  as  to  keep  up  a  disagreeable  impression 
on  the  gustatory  nerves. 

Mistura  Emeti'njE  Voxito'ria,  Emetic  mix- 
ture of  emetine.  [Emetine  4  gr.,  orange  flower 
water  §g,  syrup  Xss ;  M.)  A  dessert-spoonful 
every  half  hour  till  it  acts. 

Mistura  Ferri  Compos'ita,  Compound  mix- 
ture of  iron,  (F.)  Mixture  de  fer  compoeSe,  Grif- 
fith'$  mixture.  (Myrrh  cont  gj,  potassa  carb* 
gr.  xxv,  aqua  roea  fjviise,  ferri  sulph.  in  pulv, 
m,  ep.  lavand.  §ss,  eacchar.  gj.  Rub  together 
the  myrrh,  subcarbonate  of  potassa,  and  sugar; 
then  add,  while  triturating,  the  rose-water,  spirit 
of  nutmeg;  and,  lastly,  the  sulphate  of  iron. 
Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a  glass  bottle,  and 
stop  it  close.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and  emme- 
nagogue,  and  is  useful  wherever  iron  is  indicated. 

Mistura  Glygyrrhi'z^  Compos'ita,  Com- 
pound mixture  of  Liq'uorice,  Brown  Mixture. 
(Extract.  Glycyrrhiz.  pulv.,  Acacia  pulv.,  Sac- 
char.,  aa  5 ss ;  Tinct.  opii  camphorat.  fjij ;  Vin. 
antimon.  13J ;  Spirit,  ather.  nitric,  fjss ;  Aqua 
f  5xij.  Rub  the  liquorice,  gum  arabic,  and  sugar 
with  the  water,  gradually  poured  upon  them; 
add  the  other  ingredients  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  popular  cough  medicine,  but  not  deserving  of 
being  made  officinal  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  or 
fgss. 

Mistura  Guai'aci,  Mixture  of  guai'ac,  Lae 
guaiaci,  Emul'eio  guaiaci' no,  Jfistura  guaiaci 
gummo'sa,  M.  gummi  gua'iaci  Bergeri,  SoWtio 
guaiaci  gummo'ea,  S.  reei'na  guaiaci  aquo'sa, 
(F.)  Mixture  de  Ouyac,  (Quaiac,  g.  reein.  SJiss, 
eqech.  pur.  Xij,  muc.  acacia  gum.  3Cg»  aq.  cinnam. 
f  zviij.  Rub  the  guaiacum  with  the  sugar;  then 
with  the  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the  cinna- 
mon water.    Ph.  L.)    Dose,  f  2Ess  to  f§ij. 

Mistura  Gummi  Guaiaci  Bergeri,  Mistura 
Guaiaci — m.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mistura  Moscm,  Muek  mixture,  Mistura  moe- 
cha'ta.  (Moschi,  acacia  gum.  contus.,  race  A.  pu- 
rif,  sing.  3J,  aq.  roea  fgvj.  Rub  the  musk  with 
the  sugar;  add  the  gum,  and,  by  degrees,  the 
rose-water.    Ph.  L.)    Dose,  f^ss  to  fjg. 

Mistura  Strych'nijs,  Mixture  of  etrych'nia, 
(DUtilled  water,  5ij,  very  pure  strychnia,  1  gr., 
white  sugar,  Zg  ;  M.)    Dose,  a  dessert-spoonful. 

Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri  —  m.  Vulneraria  acida — Arquebusade, 
Eau  <P. 

MITCHEL'LA  REPENS,  Partridge  berry. 
A  pretty  little  indigenous  trailing  evergreen,  of 
the  Cinchona  family — Cinchoneae, — which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  July.  It  has  been  considered 
an  expectorant,  emmenagogue,  and  diuretic ;  and 
has  been  prescribed  in  dropsy  and  gout 

MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITH'RIDATE,  Miihrida'tium,  Ifithridat- 
ieum  mecticamen'tum,  Antid'otnm  Mithrida'tium, 
Diascin'ci  antid'otus,  Confec'tio  Damoc'raiis.    A 


MITHRIDATICUM 


566 


MOFFAT 


very  compound  electuary,  into  which  entered  — 
Myrrh  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Agaric,  Ginger,  Cinna- 
mon, Frankincense,  Garlic,  Mustard,  Birthwort, 
Qalbanum,  Castor,  Long  pepper,  Opoponaz,  Bdel- 
lium, Gum  Arabic,  Opium,  Gentian,  Orris,  Saga- 
penum,  Valerian,  Acacia,  Hypericum,  Canary 
wine,  Honey,  Ac.  It  was  invented  by  Mithrida- 
tes,  king  of  Pontos  and  Bithynia,  and  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  alexiphannic.  It  is  little  used 
at  the  present  day,  and,  from  its  heterogeneous 
nature,  should  be  wholly  abandoned. 

MITHRIDATICUM  MEDICAMENTUM,Mi- 
thridate. 

MITIGANS,  Lenitive. 

MITRA  HIPPOCRATICA,  Bonnet  cTHippo- 
erate. 

MITRAL,  Mitra'lis.  Having  the  form  of  a 
mitre;  resembling  a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Valves,  VaVvula  mitra'les,  V.  Cordis 
mitra'les,  V.  epiecopa'les,  V.  hicuspida'les.  Two 
triangular  valves  at  the  opening  of  communi- 
cation between  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart  and 
the  corresponding  ventricle.  These  valves  are 
formed  by  the  inner  membrane  of  the  left  cavi- 
ties of  the  heart;  and  are  retained  on  the  side  of 
the  ventricle  by  tendinous  cords,  proceeding  from 
the  columns  carneas.  They  form  a  species  of 
valve,  which  permit  the  blood  to  pass  from  the 
auricle  into  the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 

MITRIUM,  Sling. 

MITTE  (F.),  Effiu'vium  Latrina'riunu  An 
emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  Btrongly 
irritates  the  eyes.  It  consist*  of  ammonia,  united 
to  the  carbon io  and  hydro-sulphuric  acids. 

MIU AMARU,  see  Arrow  poison. 

MIXTS,  Coition. 

MIXTIO,  Mistura. 

MIXTURA,  Mistura. 

MIXTURE,  Mistura— m.  of  Ammoniac,  Mis- 
tura ammoniaci  —  m.  of  Asafoetida,  Mistura  asa- 
f ootid© — m.  Brown,  Mistura  glycyrrhizaB  compo- 
sita — m.  Calmante,  Looch  ex  ovo — m.  Camphor, 
Mistura  cam  phone  —  m.  Chalk,  Mistura  cretae — 
m.  de  Craie,  Mistura  crette — m.  Cretaceous,  Mis- 
tura crctflo — m.  of  Emetine,  emetic,  Mistura  eme- 
tinsB  vomitoria — m.  de  Fer  composie,  Mistura  ferri 
composita  —  m.  de  Gayac,  Mistura  Guaiaoi  —  m. 
Griffith's,  Mistura  ferri  composita — m.  of  Guaiac, 
Mistura  Guaiaci — m.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt,  Mis- 
tura cornu  usti — m.  of  Iron,  compound,  Mistura 
ferri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended 
by  Mr.  Hope,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
proposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  (Acid,  nitros.  f&j ;  Aqua  camphor. 
~~    ""     " xl.;  M.)    D< 


Jose,  a 


fourth 


fjviij  ;  Tinct.  opii  gtt. 

part  every  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Liquorice,  Compound,  Mistura 
glycyrrhiiao  composita. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Neutral, 
Liquor  potasses  citratis — m.  of  Prussia  acid,  Mis- 
tura acidi  hydrooyanici. 

Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C  Scudamore  in  gouty  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  and  much  prescribed  in  the 
United  States.  Magnes.  sulph,  gj  —  3ij;  Aqua 
swnffos  f£x;  Aceti  cokhic.  fjj  — fSiss;  Syrnp 
croei  f^j  ;  Magnes.  SJviy.  M.  Dose,  one,  two,  or 
three  tablespoonfuls,  repeated  every  two  hours  in 
a  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four  to  six  evacu- 
ations are  produced  in  the  twenty  four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Strychnia,  Mistura  strychnia. 

MNEME,  Memory. 

Mnbme  Cepiial'icum  Bal'samum.  A  very 
•anrjnrand  medicine,  into  which  entered  Balm, 


Lily,  Rosemary,  Lavender,  Borage,  Broom,  Jtcsas, 
Violet,  Saffron,  Thyme,  Storax,  Qalbanum,  Ac. 

MNEMONEUTICE,  Mnemonics. 

MNEMONICS,  Mnemonfici,  Mnemoneu'tief, 
from  fLvaofiai,  *  I  recollect'  The  art  of  aiding  the 
memory  by  signs ;  and  of  forming,  in  some  sort, 
an  artificial  memory. 

MOANING,  from  Sax.  maenan,  'to  grieve.9 
Respira'tio  luctuo'sa,  Mychthis'mos.  A  plaintive 
respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audible 
groans — moans,  (F.)  Gtmiseemens. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MOBIL'ITY,  Mobil'itas,  from  mob' His.  contrac- 
tion of  movibilis,  'that can  be  moved.'  The  power 
of  being  moved.  In  physiology,  great  nervous 
susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposition  to  con- 
vulsion.    Greatly  developed  excitability. 

MOCCASIN  FLOWER,  Cypripedium  acaule, 
C.  luteum. 

MOCH'LIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  fiox^os,  a  lever. 

MOCHLICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCHLISCUS,  Lever. 

MOCHLUS,  Lever. 

MOCHTHUS,  Agony. 

MOCK-KNEES,  Crusta  genu  equina*. 

MODELLING  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Macartney,  of  Dublin,  to  signify  the  mode 
in  which  wounds  are  healed  without  inflamma-  ' 
tion  or  suppuration,  by  a  deposite  of  plastic 
matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound,  by  which 
the  gap  is  more  rapidly  filled, — portion  being  laid 
upon  portion,  without  waste,  after  the  manner  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor:  —  hence  the 
term. 

MODI'OLUS,  'the  nave  of  a  wheel/  Pyr*a- 
mis  sen  Axis  coch'lea.  A  hollow  cone  in  the 
cochlea  of  the  ear,  forming  a  nucleus,  axis,  cr 
central  pillar,  round  which  the  gyri  of  the  coch- 
lea pass.  The  modiolus  forms  the  inner  and 
larger  portion  of  the  central  pillar,  and  is  the 
cavity  seen  at  the  bottom  of  the  meatus  aodito- 
rius  internus.  It  lodges  a  bran  oh  of  the  auditory 
nerve.  The  central  portion  of  the  modiolus  con- 
tains a  number  of  minute  canals,  and  is  called  in 
consequenco  Tractus  spira'lis  foraminnio'sms. 
Into  those  the  nerves  of  the  cochlea  enter,  and 
pass  out  at  right  angles  between  the  bony  plates 
forming  the  sona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to 
be  expanded  on  the  membranous  portion  of  the 
lamina. 

Modiolus,  Mas,  also  means  the  crown  of  the 
trepan. 

MO'DIUS.  A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  the  bushel. — Varro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of  operating.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principles 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of  the 
body; — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although  in- 
volved in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  asd 

by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 
9.  By  an  impulse  conveyed  by  the  nerves,  throocfa  sa 

impression  made  on  the  stomach  or  elsewhere. 
3.  By  contiguous  or  continuous  sympathy,  or  ay  men 

proximity  or  continuity  of  parts. 

MOJtLLE,  Marrow— m.  AlUmgte,  Medulla  ob- 
longata— m.  £pinilrc,  Medulla  spinalis — sa.  Fsr- 
tibrale,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MCENIA  DENTIUM,  Alveoli  dentium. 

MCEROR,  Athymia. 

MOFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  M«Js* 


MOGIGRAPHIA 


507 


MOLLITIE8 


U  a  village  situate  about  56  miles  S.  W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  water  is  a  cold  sulphureous;  con- 
taining, in  a  wine  gallon,  36  grains  of  chloride  of 
sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  gas,  4  of  azote, 
and  10  of  sulphohydrio  acid.  It  resembles  Har- 
rowgate  water  in  its  properties.     , 

A  strong  chalybeate  spring  was  discovered 
there  about  the  year  1828,  which  contains  sesqui- 
•ulphato  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alumina, 
and  uncorabined  sulphuric  acid. 

MOGIGRAPHIA,  Cramp,  writers'. 

MOGILA'LIA,  Paralalia,  from  poytc,  'with 
difficulty/  and  \a\uv,  'to  speak/  This  word  is 
Inaccurately  written  by  Paul  Zacchias, — Mola'lia, 
and  Molilalia.  Difficult  or  defective  articulation. 
Impediment  of  speech.     See  Balbuties. 

MOGOSTOCIA,  Dystocia,  Laborious  labour. 

MOGUS,  Agony. 

MOHAWK  TASSEL,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 

MOHRIA  THURIF'RAGA.  A  South  African 
fern,  Nat.  Ord..  Filices,  the  dry  leaves  of  which, 
pulverized  and  made  into  an  ointment  with  fat, 
are  serviceable  in  burns  and  scalds. 

MOIGNON,  Stump. 

MO  IS,  Menses. 

MOISTURE,  Mador,  (F.)  MoUeur,  anciently 
moisteur.  Simple  humidity  of  the  skin.  The  skin 
Ss  said  to  be  motit  or  in  a  state  of  moisture,  when 
there  is  slight  perspiration. 

MOlTEVR,  Moisture. 

MO  LA,  Maxillary  bone,  Molar  tooth,  Mole, 
Patella. 

MOLAGOCODI,  Piper  nigrum. 

MO  LAI  RE,  Molar. 

MOLALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLAR,  Mola'ri;  My'licu*,  (P.)  Molairc,  Meu- 
HZre.  That  which  bruises  or  grinds ;  from  mola- 
ri»,  *  a  grindstone,'  or  mola,  *  a  millstone.' 

Molar  Glands.  Two  small  bodies  formed  by 
a  collection  of  mucous  crypts ;  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheeks,  between  the  masseter  and 
buccinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory  ducts 
open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last  molar  tooth. 

Molar  Teeth,  Grinder;  Jato  Teeth,  Main' ret 
permanen'te*  denies,  Dentes  molare*  seu  maxilla'- 
res  seu  gom'phii  seu  clava'le*,  MoUb,  Gomphioi, 
My'lacri,  My'lodontcs,  My'lodi,  Momis'ci,  (F.) 
Dents  molaire*  ou  m&chelilre;  occupy  the  farther 
part  of  each  alveolar  arch.  Their  coronas  are 
broader  than  they  are  high :  unequal,  tubcrcu- 
lated;  and  the  roots  are  more  or  less  subdivided. 
They  are  20  in  number,  10  in  each  jaw.  The  first 
two  pairs  of  molar  teeth  in  each  jaw  have  been 
called  lesser  molare*  or  bicuspid,  Dente*  bicutpi- 
da'tu  The  coron»  have  two  tubercles ;  the  outer 
being  more  prominent  and  larger  than  the  inner. 
The  root  is  commonly  simple  \  sometimes  bifur- 
cated. The  other  three  pairs  have  been  termed, 
Great  molare* — Dents  multicu*pid4e*  (Ch.)  Their 
corona)  are  cubical,  rounded,  and  have,  at  the 
upper  surface,  four  or  five  tubercles,  separated  by 
deep  furrows.  The  root  is  divided  into  two, 
three,  four,  and  five  fang*,  which  are  more  or  leBs 
curved.  The  third  great  molaris  appears  a  long 
time  after  the  others,  and  hence  has  been  called 
Den*  sapien'tia  or  Wisdom  tooth, 

MOLASSES,  Molasses. 

MOLE,  Mola,  from  mole*,  'mass.'  Myti,  Ze- 
phyr1 iu*faetn*,  Germen  fahntm,  P*eudocye'*i*  mo- 
tari*,  Gravid'ita*  molari*,  Mooncalf,  old  French, 
Fardeau.  A  fleshy,  insensible,  at  times,  soft — at 
others,  hard — mass ;  of  variable  and  determinate 
sise,  which  forms  in  the  uterus,  and  is  slightly 
united  by  vessels  to  that  organ ;  from  which  its 
feeble  vitality  is  derived.  It  has  been  conceived 
by  some  to  be  always  owing  to  imperfect  concep- 
tion; but  moles  may  form  in  the  undoubted  vir- 


gin. They  seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  pro- 
cess 5  and  certainly  are  generally  connected  with 
conception.  At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the 
foetus ;  but  commonly  do  not  At  very  different 
periods,  in  different  women,  the  diseased  mass  is 
expelled  from  the  uterus,  with  ordinary  symp- 
toms of  abortion ;  and  the  case  requires  similar 
management.  See,  also,  Nsevns  and  Conception, 
(false.) 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

MOLECULAR,  MoUcula'ri*.  Of  or  belong, 
ing  to  molecules  or  minute  portions  of  any  thing. 
Hence  molecular  death,  in  contradistinction  to 
somatic  death. 

MOL'ECULE,  Molec'ula,  Mass'ula ;  diminu- 
tive of  mole*,  *  a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  of  any 
body.  Also,  the  cicatric'ula,  ma'cula,  gallatu'ra, 
gelat'inou*  molecule,  tread  of  the  cock,  or  embryo 
part  of  the  impregnated  ovum,  observable  by  the 
mioroscope  before  the  ovum  has  left  the  ovarium 
of  the  hen.  It  lies  under  the  epidermic  coats  of 
the  yelk,  and  upon  its  proper  coat  If  the  ovum, 
according  to  Valentin,  be  lacerated  and  its  con- 
tents minutely  examined,  the  cicatricula  is  found 
like  a  grayish  white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  pe- 
riphery is  dense,  granulous,  and  opake;  but  in 
the  centre  presents  a  clear,  nongranulous,  and 
perfectly  diaphanous  point.  Purkinje  found,  that 
when  he  removed  the  dark  granulous  mass  by 
suction  with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  per- 
fectly transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid 
lymph,  which  had  a  decidedly  spherical  form, 
but,  being  extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacera- 
ted, and  then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this, 
which  later  naturalists  have  named — after  its  dis- 
coverer— the  Purkin'jean  vet'icle,  in  the  ova  of  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  ova,  which  had  al- 
ready entered  the  oviduct,  he  gave  it  the  name 
germinal  vesicle,  vcsic'ula  prolif'era  seu  germina- 
li'va,  (F.)  Visicule  gcrminative.  Besides  a  per- 
fectly colourless  fluid,  this  contains  one  or  more 
dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nucleus 
through  the  including  membrane  in  the  shape  of 
opake  spots — the  germinal  *pot,macu'la  germani- 
ti'va  seu  ger'minant,  nu'cleu*  germaniti'vit*,  (F.) 
Tache  germinative.  The  granulous  membrane- 
its  thickened  portion,  the  so  called  '  cicatricula,' 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those  parts 
of  the  ovum  which  pass  immediately  into  the 
original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  blastoderm 
ma  or  germinal  membrane,  vesic'ula  blastodermat'- 
ica,  blastodermic  vesicle. 

Molecule,  Gelatinous,  Molecule. 

MOLENE,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MOLES  GANGLIFORMIS,  Ganglion  of 
Gasser. 

MOLIBDUS,  Plumbum. 

MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLI'MEN,  pi.  Molimina,  from  molior,  'to 
move  or  stir.'    An  attempt,  a  struggle.    Hence : 

Molimen  Crit'icum.  An  impulsion  towards 
a  sudden  solution  or  crisis  of  a  disease. 

Molimen  Hjemorrhag"icum.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

Molimen  H^emorrhoida'lB.  The  hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Heemorrhois. 

Molimen  Mbnstrua'lE.  The  menstrual  dia. 
thesis  or  impulsion. 

Molimen  Natur*  Salutarium,  Instinct 

MOLLESCENCE,  Mollities. 

MOLLET,  Sura. 

MOLLIPUFFS,  Lycoperdon. 

MOLLIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

MOLLIT"IE8, 3foUe*'cencef  Ma  lads' mus,  too*- 
l\t"ia,  Mollitu'do,  EmolliVie*,  Emollitie*  morbo'- 
*a,  Mollitio,  Malax' is,  Malaco'sis,  Malthax,ist 
(F.)  Jiamollissenunt;  (G.)  Malakien  (Fuohs); 


MOLLHIO 


5*d 


MONGOLIAN 


from  mollie,  '  soft'  Preternatural  •  oftness  of  an 
organ  or  part  of  an  organ. 

Mollities  Cer'ebri,  Jfalaco'ais  Cer'ebri,  En- 
eephalomala'cia,  Encephalomalaxfia,  Necrenceph'- 
alua  (W.  Farr,)  Cerebromala'eia,  Encephalosep'- 
eis,  Mollee'cence  or  eoftening  or  a  kind  of  lique- 
faction of  the  cerebral  substance  ;  the  remainder 
preserving  its  ordinary  consistency.  (F.)  Ramol- 
liseement  du  cerveau.  The  neurine  often  contains 
small  clots  of  blood,  giving  rise  to  what  has  been 
termed  Apoplexie  eapillaire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The 
symptoms  denoting  it  are  equivocal. 

Mollities  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 

Mollities  Medul'ljs  Spina'lis,  Myelomala- 
cia, (F.)  Ramollieeement  de  la  Motile  Epiniere. 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Mollities  Os'sium,  Malacosteo'sis,  Malacoe*- 
teon,  EmoUW'iee  os'sium,  Paroe'tia  flex'ilia,  Os- 
teomalaco' tit,  Rachi'tis  seu  Rachi'tis  adulto'rum, 
Spina  vcnto'sa  (of  some).  Osteomalacia,  Soften- 
ing of  the  bones,  (F.)  Ostio-malaciet09Uo-malaxie, 
Oetio-malakie,  Ramollieeement  dee  oe.  A  rare 
affection  in  which  the  bones  are  deprived  of  their 
salts,  particularly  of  the  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
consist  only,  or  mainly,  of  gelatin ;  hence  they 
acquire  a  degree  of  suppleness  which  renders 
them  unfit  for  the  performance  of  their  functions. 
The  disease  generally  affects  all  the  bones j  but 
It  is  especially  remarkable  during  life  in  the  long 
bones,  which  assume  any  curvature  that  may  be 
wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often  experienced  in 
them ;  and  the  urine  frequently  contains  an  enor- 
mous proportion  of  calcareous  phosphate.  The 
patient  is  compelled  to  remain  in  the  horizontal 
posture  ;  the  bones  no  longer  being  fixed  points 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  The  disease  has, 
hitherto,  always  terminated  fatally,  and  dissec- 
tion has  exhibited  the  gelatinous  nature  of  the 
bones ;  which,  by  desiccation,  have  become  trans- 
parent, as  if  they  had  been  macerated  in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 
this  dreadful  affliction.  The  alkaline  salts,  earthy 
phosphates,  Ac.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLITIO,  Mollities. 

MOLLITUDO,  Mollities. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'ma.  A  cutaneous  af- 
fection, so  called  in  consequence  of  its  resem- 
blance to  certain  molluscous  animals.  It  con- 
sists of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size  from 
that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  filled  with 
an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are  developed  in 
the  substanco  of  the  derma,  and  are  of  various 
shapes,  some  having  a  large  base, — others  adhe- 
rent by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

Mollusciim  contagio'eum,  a  singular  variety,  is 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  hard,  round,  tu- 
bercles, which  are  smooth  and  transparent,  and 
when  pressed,  pour  out  from  an  orifice  in  their 
summits  a  little  opake  or  milky  fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  all,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophics,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  Ac.  The 
external  treatment  consists  in  the  employment  of 
measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tubercles  to  in- 
flammation, as  by  touching  them  with  potassa. 

MOLOCIIE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MOLOPES,  Vibices. 

MOLYBDENUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MGLYBDOS,  Plumbum. 

MOLYBDOSIS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYNE,  Anus. 

MOLYNSIS,  Miasma, 

MOM1E,  Mummy. 

MOM  IN,  Mamei. 

MOMISCI,  Molar  teeth. 

MOMOR'DICA,  Jf.  BaUami'na,  BaUami'na, 


Newoeper'ma  cuspida'ta,  Balm-apple,  Balaam 
apple,  (F.)  BaUamine,  Pomme  de  merveille.  The 
fruit  of  this  oriental  tree,  Pomxtm  mirab'xU  sea 
hierosolymita'num,  was  formerly  considered  vul- 
nerary. 

Momordica  As  per  A,  M.  Elaterium. 

Momor'dica  Elatk'rium  :  if.  os'pera,  Elate*- 
rium,  Eeba'lia  Elate' rivm,  Cu'cvmis  agree* tis  sen 
aeini'nua,  0.  eylveetrie,  Elate' rium  ojficina'rum 
seu  cordifu'lium,  Charan'tia,  Bouba'lioe,  Gnarerba 
orba,  Wild  or  Squirting  cu'eumber,  Ecbot'inm 
elate' rium,  (F.)  Ooncombre  Sauvage,  Momordiqnc 
Nat.  Order,  Cuourbitacea?.  The  dried  sediment 
from  the  juice  is  the  elaterium  of  the  shops.  (Sea 
Extraetum  Elaterii.)  It  is  a  most  powerful  ca- 
thartic, and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Its  active  principle  is  the  Elatin,  Elaterin  or 
Elaterium.    Dose,  gr.  £  to  gr.  j.  until  it  operates. 

MOMORDIQUE,  Momordica  elaterium. 

MONAD,  from  mono*,  *  unity.'  A  simple  par- 
ticle, or  atom,  or  unit  —  Leibnitz.  The  smallest 
of  all  visible  animalcules.  A  primary  cell  or 
germ. 

MONAB,  Nates. 

MONAR'DA  COCCIN'EA,  Scarlet  Rote  balm, 
Mountain  mint,  Ostcego  Tea,  Mountain  Balm, 
Horeemint,  Square  stalk,  Red  Balm  ;  a  beautiful 
indigenous  plant,  having  the  excitant  properties 
of  Monarda  punctata. 

Monar'da  Fistuxo'sa,  Purple  monar'da*  The 
leaves  have  a  fragrant  smell;  and  an  aroma- 
tic, somewhat  bitter  taste.  They  are  reputed  to 
be  nervine,  stomachic,  and  deobstruenL 

Moxar'da  PujCcta'ta,  Boreemint.  Sex.  SysL 
Diandria  Monogynia.  JVal.  Ord.  Labiatse.  in- 
digenous in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and 
carminative.  The  Oleum  monarda  is  officinal  in 
the  United  States. 

Monarda,  Purple,  M.  fistulosa. 

MONDER  (F.),  from  mundue,  'cleanly/  To 
render  clean  or  pure.  In  Pharmacy,  it  means  to 
separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or  useless 
portion.  In  surgery,  monder  ou  tnondijicr  was 
plaic,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 

MOND1FICATIFS,  Detergents. 

MOXDIFIER  UNEPLAIE,  see  Jfoarfer. 

MONE'MERON,  Monofmeron,  Monohe'menm; 
from  fiovos,  '  one,'  and  'if/ic^a,  '  a  day/  A  name 
given  to  several  collyria,  which  were  supposed  to 
be  capable  of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  day. 

MONENTERUM,  Colon. 

MONE'SIA.  A  vegetablo  extract  imported  into 
Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick  eases. 
It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  whose  bo- 
tanical name  is  uncertain — probably  ChryeopkyC- 
lum  glycyphla'um.  It  is  very  friable,  and  its  frac- 
ture very  much  resembles  that  of  a  well-torrefied 
cocoanut.  It  is  wholly  soluble  in  water j  and  its 
taste— which  is  at  first  sweet  like  liquorice — some- 
times becomes  astringent  It  is  on  account  of  its 
astringent  properties  that  it  has  been  prescribed 
in  chronio  bronchitis,  haemoptysis,  diarrhoea,  lea- 
corrhoea,  uterine  hemorrhage,  Ac  It  has  beea 
applied  locally,  in  the  form  of  ointment,  {Momeu 
p.  1,  Adipie,  p.  vij. 

The  dose  of  Monesia  is  from  12  to  40  grains  a 
day. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nummularis. 

MONGO'LIAN.  Anthropologists  give  the  name 
Mongolian  race  to  a  variety  of  the  human  species, 
spread  over  a  great  part  of  the  north  of  Asia,  is 
China,  India,  Thibet,  the  Moluccas,  Ac.  The  in- 
dividuals composing  it  have  the  skin  of  a  brows 
red,  forehead  flat,  nose  broad,  cheeks  prominent 
and  lips  large.     See  Homo. 

MONISM;  Mom's' mus;  from  moves,  'alone.' 
The  doctrine,  which  declares  matter  and  mind  Is 
be  identical. 


MONK 


S69 


MONTBRISON 


MOKE  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS.  A 

olass  of  practitioners  of  whom  Frere  Cosme  and 
Jacques  Bcaulieu  in  France,  and  PraveU  in  Ger- 
many, were  the  most  distinguished. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aoonitam — m.  Common,  Aco- 
nitum  napcllus — m.  Salutary,  Aconitum  anthora. 

MONNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.  A  beautiful 
South  American  plant  NaU  Ord.  Polygaless. 
Sex.  Si/ at.  Diadelphia  Ootandria.  The  bark  of 
the  root  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  much  used 
in  South  America  in  diseases  of  the  bowels. 

MONOBLEP'SIS,from  jiokoj,  'one,'  and  jSAnf  »f, 
'  sight'  An  affection  in  which  vision  is  confused, 
imperfect,  and  indistinct,  when  both  eyes  are  em- 
ployed ;  but  perfect  or  nearly  so,  when  either  eye 
is  used  singly. 

MONOCAR'PJB ;  from  povos,  'alone,'  'single/ 
and  Kapicof,  'fruit'  A  division  of  cutaneous 
affections,  of  the  family  of  Eczematosen  of 
Fucbs,  which  includes  strophulus,  psydracia,  and 
ecthyma. 

MONOCEPH'ALUS,  from  jww,  'one,'  and 
c«0aXr/,  'head.'  A  compound  monster  having 
two  bodies  with  a  single  head. 

MONOCOLON,  Caecum,  Rectum. 

MONOCRA'NUS,  from  pons,  'one,'  'single/ 
and  Kfavov,  Kpaviov,  '  cranium/  A  monster  with 
one  cranium,  but  with  the  face  in  part  double  — 
Gurlt 

MONOCULUM,  Caecum. 

MONOC'ULUS,  Mon'ocle,  ifonophthaVmu*, 
Unioc'ulue,  Unoe'uluM,  from  povos,  'one/  and 
oculue,  'an  eye/  A  bandage  employed  to  main- 
tain topical  applications  over  one  of  the  eyes. 
This  bandage,  called  by  some  surgeons  Simplex 
oe'ulue,  (F.)  CEil  timple,  is  made  of  a  roller  three 
or  four  ells  long,  rolled  into  a  single  ball.  See 
Cyclops. 

MONODIPLO'PIA;  rromjiovof,  'alone/  6tit\ovt, 
'  double/  and  uip,  '  eye/  Double  vision  with  one 
•ye. 

MONOEMERON,  Monemeron. 

MONOGAS'TRIC,  Monogae'trictie  ;  from  povos, 
'one/  and  yaerjp,  'stomach.'  That  which  has 
but  one  stomach.  Man  is  monogastric  ;  rumina- 
ting animals,  on  the  contrary,  are  polygaetrie. 

MON'OGRAPH,  MED'ICAL,  Monograph' ia 
med'ica ;  from  povos,  '  one/  and  ypaQn,  *  descrip- 
tion.' An  ex  profeeeo  treatise  on  a  Bingle  olass 
of  diseases,  or  on  a  single  disease. 

MONOHEMERON,  Monemeron, 

MONOMACHON,  Caecum. 

MONOMACUM,  Ca>cum. 

MONOMANIA,  see  Melancholy  —  m.  Homi- 
cidal, Homicidal  insanity — m.  Incendiary,  Pyro- 
xnania. 

MO NO M ANTE,  Melancholy  —  m.  Homicide, 
Homicidal  insanity. 

MONOMMATOS,  Cyclops. 

MONOMORIA,  see  Melancholy. 

MONOPAGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemicrania. 

MONOP' ATHY,  Monopathi'a,  from  pows,  *  one/ 
and  iraOos,  *  disorder.'  A  state  in  which  one  organ 
or  function  is  disordered.  Applied  to  melancholy 
or  monomania ;  which  is  said  to  be  a  monopathic 
affection. 

MONOPEGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemicrania. 

MONOPHTHALMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

MONOPLAS'TIC,  Monoplae'ticue :  from  poves, 
1  one,'  and  vXaeav,  '  I  form.'  That  which  has  one 
form.  A  monoplaetic  element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  retains  its  primary  form.  —  Gerber. 

MONOPODIA,  Sympodia. 

MONOPS,  Cyclops. 

MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 

MONOPUS,  Symmeles. 


MONOR'CHIS,  frompoyof,  'one/  and  opgifr 
'  testicle.'     One  who  has  only  one  testicle. 

MONOSI'TIA,  from  povos,  'one/  and  ottos, 
'food/  'repast'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one 
meal  in  the  day. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLCRA,  Indian  pipe, 
Tceplant,  Pipe-plant,  Neet  root,  Fit  rapt.  An  in- 
digenous plant,  whose  juice,  mixed  with  water, 
has  been  extolled  by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia. 
The  dried  root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epi- 
lepsy and  nervous  diseases. 

MONROIA'NUM  FORA'MEN.  A  foramen  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the 
brain,  by  which  they  communicate  with  each 
other,  is  so  called  from  the  second  Monro. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,  Montic'ulu*  Ven'erie,  Ephe- 
be'um,  (F.)  Mont  de  Vinue,  Pinil,  Motte,  Emi- 
nence eue-pubienne.  The  more  or  less  projecting 
eminence,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  hypogas- 
trium,  above  the  vulva  and  in  front  of  the  os 
pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty  it  becomes 
covered  with  hair,  formerly  called  Treaao'ria. 

MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA,  Keita,  of  the  Hotten- 
tots. A  plant  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Geraniaceea,  which 
grows  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  and 
herb  are  very  astringent,  and  are  used  success- 
fully in  dysentery. 

MONSTER,  Monatrum,  Teroe,  Pelor,  Pelo'ri*, 
Pelo'rium,  Pelo'rum.  Any  organized  being,  having 
an  extraordinary  vice  of  conformation,  or  a  pre* 
ternatural  perversion  of  every  party  or  of  certain 
parts  only. 

The  following  classification  embraces  the  main 
varieties  of  malformations —  Vitia  prima  con- 
formatio'ni: — 1.  Thole  in  which  certain  parts  of 
the  normal  body  are  absent  or  defective — monatra 
dtficientia.  2.  These  produced  by  fusion  or  coa- 
lition of  organs  —  coalitio  partium,  aymphyeie. 
3.  Those,  in  which  parts,  united  in  the  normal 
state  are  separated  from  each  other  —  chfte,  fi»- 
euree.  4.  Those  in  which  normal  openings  are 
occluded  —  atresia.  5.  Those  by  excess,  or  in 
which  certain  parts  have  a  disproportionate  sice— 
monetra  abundantia.  6.  Those,  in  which  one  or 
many  parts  have  an  abnormal  position — eitne  mu- 
tattu.  7.  Those  affecting  the  sexual  organs  — 
hermaphroditism  ;  and  to  these  "  true  malforma- 
tions" Yogel  adds  8.  Diseases  of  the  foetus,  and 
abnormal  states  of  its  envelopes. 

Amongst  the  numerous  hypotheses  entertained 
on  the  origin  or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstro- 
sity— terato'eis,  monetroe'itae,  (F.)  monstruoeiti,  as 
the  state  has  been  called — three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  attributed,  1.  To 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
foetus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes,  expe- 
rienced by  the  foetus  at  some  period  of  its  uterine 
existence:  and  3.  To  a  primitive  defect  in  the 
germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only  one 
that  is  philosophical. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capable 
of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights  as 
other  persons. 

MONSTERS,  DOUBLE,  see  Duplication— m. 
Triplet,  see  Triplet 

MONSTRA  ABUNDANTIA,  see  Monster  — 
m.  Deficientia,  see  Monster  —  m.  Trigemina,  see 
Triplet — m.  Triplica,  see  Triplet 

MONSTROSITAS,  see  Monster. 

MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster. 

MONSTRUM,  Monster. 

MONSTRUOSIT£,  see  Monster. 

MONTDE  VltNUS,  Mons  Veneris. 

MONTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  Lyons. 
There  axe  three  cold  springs  here,  which  are 


MONT 


570 


MORBUS 


highly  acidulous,  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 

MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  French  town, 
10  leagues  from  Dax ;  where  there  is  a  chalybeate 
spring,  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont  d'Or  is  a  village  seven  leagues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-Ddme,)  at  which  are  several  mine- 
ral spring?,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of  the 
Fountain  La  Jfadelaine,  and  of  the  Great  Bath, 
are  thermal,  temp.  112°  Fahr.,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid,  sub  carbon  ate  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those  of 
St.  Margaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  carbonic 
acid. 

MONTECATI'NI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Buggiano,  in 
Tuscany.  The  springs  are  thermal j  ranging  from 
78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Periods, 
Menses. 

MONTICULUS  CEREBELLI,  see  Vermiform 
processes  of  the  Cerebellum  —  m.  Veneris,  Mons 
veneris. 

MONTPELLIER,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
Prance  was  at  one  timo  renowned  for  its  climate, 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adaptation  to  con- 
sumptive cases.  This  is  now  exploded,  and  it  is 
at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence  for  them. 
The  climate  possesses  the  general  characters  of 
that  of  south-eastern  France — being  dry,  hot,  and 
irritating;  subject  to  freqiAnt  vicissitudes,  and 
especially  to  blasts  of  keen,  void,  northerly  winds. 
It  is,  indeed,  most  injurious  in  pulmonary  dis- 
ease?. 

MOON,  Luna,  Sele'ni,  3feM,  Sax.  Mona,  (G.) 
M  o  n  d,  (F.)  Lune.  The  moon  has  been  supposed 
to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the  human 
body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  influence  has 
been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not  many  years  ago, 
it  would  have  been  heretical  to  doubt  the  exacer- 
bation of  mania  at  the  full  of  the  moon ;  yet  it 
is  now  satisfactorily  shown,  that  if  the  light  be 
excluded  at  this  period,  the  lunatic  is  not  excited 
more  than  ordinarily. 

MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic. 

MOONCALF,  Mole. 

MOORBERRY,  Vaccinram  oxycoccos. 

MOORSHEAD,  Alembic. 

MOORWORT,  BROAD-LEA  VED,Andromeda 
mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Dirca  psJustris. 

MOPHETA.  see  Mephitism. 

MORBEUX,  Morbid. 

MORBI,  see  Morbus  —  m.  Acquisiti,  Acquired 
diseases  —  m.  Acuti,  see  Acute  —  m.  Adventitii, 
Acquired  diseases — m.  Anniversarii,  Annual  dis- 
eases— m.  Annui,  Annual  diseases— in.  Asthenic!, 
Adynamic  —  m.  Celati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Chronici,  Chronio  diseases  —  m.  Cognati,  Innate 
diseases  —  m.  Complicate  see  Complication,  Im- 
plicit morbi — m.  Congeniti,  Innate  diseases— m. 
Connati,  Connate  diseases  —  m.  Connexi,  Con- 
junct! morbi — m.  Consequents,  Conjuncti  morbi 
— m.  Constrictorii,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Derma- 
todes,  see  Dermatoid— m.  Dispersi,  Sporadic  dis- 
eases—  m.  Dissimulati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Epicteti,  Acquired  diseases — m.  Evolution  is,  see 
Development  —  m.  Hereditaria  Hereditary  dis- 
eases—  m.  Homoedri,  see  Hoinocdrus — m.  Infi- 
tiati,  Feigned  diseases — m.  In  tern  i,  Internal  dis- 
eases— m.  Melancholici,  see  Mercurial — m.  Mer- 
cnxiaies,  see  Mercurial  —  m.  Nervosi,  Nervous 
diseases  —  m.  Occulti,  see  Latent  —  m.  Olfactus, 
Oamcnosi — m.  Perplexi,  see  Complication  —  m. 


Pseudalei,  Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Recidiva,  Re- 
lapse— m.  Recursus,  Palindromia — m.  Sexnales, 
see  Sexual — m.  Sexus,  Genonusi — m.  Simnlati, 
Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  diseases 
— m.  Spasmotici,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Subacute, 
see  Acute  —  m.  T  actus,  Haphonosi — m.  Tropici, 
Troponnsi. 

MORBID,  Mor'bidu;  Morbo'tu;  Pathic,  Path', 
tool,  Path'icue,  (F.)  Morbeux,  Afarbide;  from  mor- 
bus,  *  a  disease.'    Diseased,  or  relating  to  disease. 

Morbid  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MORBIF'IC,  Morbif'iciu,  (F.)  Morbifiqme; 
from  morbu*,  'a  disease/  and  facere,  'to  male.' 
Causing  or  producing  disease  —  as  morbific  ema- 
nations. 

MORBILITY,  Disease. 

MORBILLEUX,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLI,  Rubeola— m.  Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina—  m.  Ignei,  Scarlatina. 

MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLOUS,  Morbillo'gu;  Jfeaily,  (F.) 
Morbilleux.     Affected  or  connected  with  measles. 

MORBOSUS,  Sickly. 

MORBUS,  Disease,  see  Morbi — m.  Ainpal- 
laceus,  Pemphigus — m.  Anglicus,  Rachitis  —  m. 
Aphrodisius,    Syphilis  —  m.    Arcuatus,     Icterus 

—  m.  Arietis,  Influenza  —  m.  Arqnatus,  Icterus 

—  m.  Articularis,  Gout  —  m.  Astralis,  Epilepsy 

—  m.  Attonitus,  Apoplexy  —  m.  a.  Celsi,  Cata- 
lepsy—  m.  Brightii,  Kidney,  B right's  disease  of 
the  —  m.  Bullosus,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Caducus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Caoruleus,  Cyanopathy — m.  Cal- 
culi, Lithia — m.  Cardiacus,  Cardialgia — m.  Ca- 
tarrhal, Influenza — m.  Catoxys,  see  Catoxys — 
m.  Cerealis,  Ergotism  —  in.  Cerebralis  Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus  In  tern  us  —  m.  Cirrhorum,  Plica 
— m.  Cceliacus,  Cceliao  fiux— m.  Comitiaiis,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Costalis,  Plonritis — m.  Coxarius,  Cox- 
arum  morbus  —  m.  Croatus,  Scherlievo  —  m.  Cu- 
cullaris,  Pertussis  —  m.  Cucullis,  Pertussis — m. 
Cystophlegmaticus,  Cystirrhcea — m.  Dssmoniacns, 
Epilopsy — m.  Dsomonius,  Epilepsy — m.  Deificos, 
Epilepsy — m.  Dissolutus,  Dysentery — m.  Divinus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Dominoruin,  Gout — m.  Endemiss, 
Endemic — m.  Epidemicns,  Epidemy — in.  Epide- 
micus  gutturis  Foresti,  Scarlatina — m.  Erudito- 
rum,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Extrinsecus,  External 
disease — m.  Farciminosus,  see  Eqtiinia — m.  Fe- 
brilis,  Pyreticosis  —  m.  Fell  in"  u  us,  Cholera  —  nu 
Flatuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Fluminiensis, 
Scherlievo  —  m.  Foedus,  Epilepsy — m.  Frigidus, 
Atrophy — m.  Gallicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Gcsticula- 
torius,  Chorea — m.  Gravis,  see  Serious — m.  Hav 
morrhoidalis,  Haemorrbois —  m.  Heraclens,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Herculeus,  Epilepsy — m.  Hfcpanintt, 
Syphilis — m.  Hydrophobics,  Hydrophobia — n- 
Hypochondriacus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Hyste- 
ricus, Hysteria  —  m.  Idiopathic*™,  Idiopathia— ■ 
m.  Indicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Interlunius,  Epilepsy 
— m.  Ischiadicus,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea—in. 
Italicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Jecinoris,  Hepatitis  — av 
Lateralis,  Pleuritis —  m.  Lazari,  Elephantiasis" 
m.  Lunaticus,  Epilepsy — m.  Luteolus,  Icterus— 
m.  Maoulosus  hssmorrhagicus  Werlhofii.  Purpart 
hemorrhagica — m.  Magnus,  Epilepsy — na.  Major, 
Epilepsy — m.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy — m.  Mercuri- 
alis,  Eczema  mercuriale,  Hydrargyriasis  —  m. 
MetaUicus,  Colic,  metallic  —  m.  Mucosus,  Fever, 
adeno-meningeal  —  m.  Nauticus,  Nausea  marina 

—  m.  Neapolitanus,  Syphilis — m.  Niger,  Mctees 
— m.  Originalis,  Idiopathia — m.  (Esophagi,  (Eso- 

]  phagopathia — m.  Oryzeus,  Cholera — m.  Pallidas, 
|  Chlorosis — m.  Pancoenus,  Pandemic — m.  Parthe- 
,  nius,  Chlorosis  —  m.  Pandemius,  Pandemic  —  m» 
|  Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis — m.  Peracutus,  see  Ca- 
toxys— m.  Phoeniceus,  Elephantiasis — m.  Pilaris, 
I  Trichiasis— m.  Plcuriticus,  Pleuritis  —  m.  Prem- 
1  bens,  Lead-poisoning — m.  Porcinus,  Eitsera— av 


MORCEAU 


571 


MORPHINA 


Popularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Primarius,  Idiopathia — 
m.  Proprius,  Idiopathift — m.  Protopathieus,  Idio- 
pathia— m.  Protoiformis,  see  Proteiformis  —  m. 
Psoadicus,  Lumbar  abscess  —  m.  Publious,  Epi- 
demy — m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy — m.  Pulicularis, 
Typhus  gravior — m.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see 
Anthrax — m.  Recidivus,  Relapse— m.  Recidivus, 
Palindromia — m.  Region alis,  Endemic — m.  Re- 
gius, Icterus — m.  Resiccatorins,  Hypochondriasis 
— m.  Ructuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  ^luctuo- 
bus,  see  Eructation — m.  Sacer,  Epilepsy — m.  Sal- 
tatorius,  Chorea/ — m.  Sancti  Joannis,  Epilepsy — 
m.  Sanoti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — m.  Scarlatinosa, 
Scarlatina — m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — m.  Sorophu- 
losus,  Scrofula — xn.  Secundarius,  Deuteropathia 

—  m.  Seleniacus,  Epilepsy — m.  Sideratus,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Silesiacu8,  Raphania — m.  Simplex, 
Haplopathia — m.  Solstitialis,  Coup-de-SoleiC—m. 
Sonticus,  Epilepsy — m.  Spasmodicus  malignus 
ecu  popularis,  Raphania — m.  Strangulator^, 
Cynanohe  trachealis — m.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  An- 
glicus  —  m.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanohe 
trachealis  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  see  Tubercle  and 
Tubercular  cachexia  —  m.  Uugaricus,  Fever, 
Hungaric  —  m.  Verminoeus,  Helminthiasis  —  m. 
Vernaculus,  Endemic — m.  Vervccinus,  Influenza 

—  m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Virgineus, 
Chlorosis  —  m.  Viridellus,  Epilepsy — in.  Vitrio- 
latus,  Epilepsy — m.  Vocis,  Phononoeus  —  m. 
Vulpis,  Alopecia. 

MORCEAU  DU  LIABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 
piana — m.  Frangt,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

MOR'DICANT,  Mor'dicane,  Color  mor'dicane. 
A  morbid  heat,  causing  a  disagreeable  pungent 
sensation  in  the  fingers  of  the  physician. 

MORDICES,  Teeth :  Bee  Tooth. 

MOREA,  Morus  nigra. 

MORELLE,  Boletus  esculentus  —  m.  £  Fruit 
noir,  Solanum  —  m.  Furieuse,  Atropa  belladonna 
— »*.  en  Qrappce,  Phytolacca  decandra — m.  Orim- 
pante,  Solan um  dulcamara. 

MORETARIUM,  Mortar. 

MORE'TUS,  More'tum,  from  morum,  'the  mul- 
berry/ Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  jalep,  into  the 
\  composition  of  which  the  syrup  of  mulberries 
entered. — Schroder. 

MORGAGN'I,  HUMOUR  OF,  Rumor  Mor- 
gagnia'nue.  A  peculiar,  transparent,  slightly 
viscid  fluid,  found  between  the  crystalline  and 
its  capsule. 

MORGELINE,  Alsine  media. 

MORGUE,  (F).  A  dead-house,  wherein  per- 
sons, found  dead,  are  exposed  with  the  view  of 
being  recognized  by  their  friends. 

MORIA,  Idiot  ism — m.  Demons,  Idiotism,  De- 
mentia— m.  Demons  lerema,  see  Dementia — m. 
Imbecilis  amnesia,  Amnesia. 

MORIBUND,  Psychorages. 

MORINGA  NUX  BEN,  Guilandina  moringa— 
m.  Oleifera,  Guilandina  moringa — m.  Pterygo- 
sperma,  Guilandina  moringa — m.  Zeylanica,  Gui- 
landina moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organ,  Penis. 

MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chirur'gia  curto'rum,  Ch. 
Anaplae'tica,  Rcstitu'tio  organ' tea  seu  par'tium 
depcrdita'rum,  Transplants  tio,  Autoplastics,  Ana- 
plastic Surgery,  Autoplas'ty  or  Autoplastic  or 
Plastic  Surgery,  Chirur'gia  plas'tica,  from  fioptov, 
'  a  part,'  and  xXaertKos,  *  forming.'  The  restora- 
tion of  lost  parte.  The  operations  for  this  pur. 
pose  have  various  names,  according  to  the  part 
concerned,  as  Cheiloplastice,  Ccratoplastict,  Jlhi- 
noplastice,  Ac. 

MORO,  from  morum,  'a  mulberry:' — Morum, 
(F.)  Mure.  A  small  abscess  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tumour,  of  a  similar  appearance, 
particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after  impure 
coition. 


MOROCH'THUS,  Morock'tu*,  MoroekVu*,  M+> 
rochi'tes,  Meroc'tee,  Galax' ia,  Leucograph'ia,  (F.) 
Pierre  au  lait,  Milk  Hone.  An  Egyptian  stone, 
used  by  the  ancients  as  an  application  to  the  in* 
tertrigo  of  ohildren :  probably  a  variety  of  fuller's 
earth,  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  have  been  used 
by  fullers. 

MOROCHITES,  Moroohthus. 

MOROCHTUS,  Morochthus. 

MOROCOMIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MOROSIS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 

MOROSITA'TES,  from  papia,  'folly/  A  ge- 
neric name  given  by  Linnaeus  to  an  order  of 
Vesanius,  in  which  he  included  pica,  bulimia, 
polydipsia,  antipathia,  nostalgia,  panophobia,  sa- 
tyriasis, nymphomania,  tarentismus,  and  hydro* 
phobia. 

MOROTROPH'IUM,  Morocomi'um,  Morodo- 
chi'um,  from  ptapos,  'fatuous,'  and  Tpofq,  'support.' 
An  insane  establishment;  a  lunatic  asylum;  a 
mad-hmtee.  Under  proper  management,  a  vain- 
able  institution ;  but  liable  to  various  abuses. 

M0RPHJ3A,  Morphew  —  m.  Alba,  Lepra  al- 
phoides — m.  Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

MORPHJSE,  MorpWw. 

MOB.THEW,  Morph<B'a,(¥.)3forphe*.  A  term 
vaguely  applied  to  scurfy  eruptions  on  the  face. 
Morphaa  was.  formerly  applied  to  squamous  dis- 
eases in  general. 

MORPHIA,  Morphina-- m.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phines acetas — m.  and  Zinc,  double  iodide  of, 
Zino  and  Morphia,  double  iodide  of— in.  Citrate 
of,  see  Morphina — m.  Muriate  of,  see  Morphina 
— m.  Sulphate  of,  Morphines  sulphas. 

MORPHLE  ACETAS,  Morphine  acetas— m. 
Sulphas,  Morphines  sulphas. 

MOR'PUICA,  from  pop^n,  'shape.'  Monstro- 
sities of  birth.  The  3d  order,  class  Typhica  of 
Good. 

MORPHI'NA,  Mor'pkia,  Mor'phitm,  Mor- 
phi'ni,  Morphine,  from  Morpheus,  the  'god  of 
sleep.'  A  solid,  colourless  alkali ;  crystallizable 
in  beautiful  pyramids,  truncated  and  transpa- 
rent; soluble  in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so  in  boil- 
ing water.  It  exists,  combined  with  meeonio 
acid,  in  opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by  decom- 
posing, by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined  mag- 
nesia, an  aqueous  solution  of  opium  made  in  the 
cold. 

The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  tt>j ;  distilled  water,  alcohol, 
animal  charcoal,  each  a  sufficient  quantity;  solu- 
tion of  ammonia,  fjvj.  Macerate  the  opium 
with  four  pints  of  distilled  water  for  24  hours, 
and  having  worked  it  with  the  hand,  digest  for 
24  hours,  and  strain.  Macerate  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix 
the  infusions;  evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter; 
then  add  first  five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards 
three  fluidounces  of  the  solution  of  ammonia, 
previously  mixed  with  half-a-pint  of  alcohol. 
After  24  hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  mixed  as  before  with  half- 
a-pint  of  alcohol ;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24 
hours,  that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these, 
boil  them  with  two  pints  of  alcohol  till  they  are 
dissolved ;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids,  which 
it  saturates ;  and  with  which  it  forms  very  crys- 
tallizable Baits,  with  the  exception  of  the  acetate. 
All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  act  upon 
the  animal  economy  in  the  same  manner  as 
opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The  acetate  is  the 
Bait  commonly  employed  in  medicine.  It  was,  at 
one  time,  supposed  that  Morphia  is  the  purely 


MOKPHIUM 


572 


MOETALITT 


sedative  part  of  opium,  divested  of  its  irritating 
properties;  but  experience  has  not  confirmed 
this.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  disagree 
where  opium  does.  Dose  of  morphia,  £  to  i  of  a 
grain. 

Morphi'njb  Ace'tas,  Mor'phim  Acetcu,  Ac"- 
etate  of  Morphine,  Acetate  of  Morphia.  A  salt 
formed  by  saturating  morphia  with  acetic  acid. 
(Morphia,  in  powder,  freed  from  narcotina  by 
boiling  with  sulphuric  ether,  Jj  ;  dietilled  water, 
Oss;  acetic  acid,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the 
morphia  with  the  water ;  then  carefully  drop  in 
the  acid,  constantly  stirring  until  the  morphia  is 
saturated  and  dissolved.  Evaporate  the  solution 
in  a  water-bath  to  the  consistence  of  syrup. 
Lastly,  dry  the  acetate  with  a  gentle  heat  and 
rub  it  into  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  from  ± 
of  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

Morphi'NjE  Sulphas,  Mor'phls  Sulphas, 
Sulphate  of  Morphia.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evaporating, 
and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of  the 
acetate. 

Muriate  and  Citrate  of  Morphia  have  likewise 
been  used ;  but  they  possess  no  advantages  over 
the  other  salts.  The  sulphate  and  muriate  are 
officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 

MORPHIUM,  Morpbina. 

MORPHOLOG"ICAL,  Morpholog'Hcun,  from 
poppT},  '  shape/  and  Xoyos, '  a  description.'  That 
which  has  relation  to  the  anatomical  conforma- 
tion of  parts.  Applied,  at  times,  to  the  altera- 
tions in  the  form  of  the  several  parts  of  the  em- 
bryo, in  contradistinction  to  histological,  which 
is  applied  to  the  transformation  by  which  the 
tissues  are  gradually  generated.  In  comparative 
anatomy,  it  is  applied  to  the  history  of  the  mo* 
difications  of  forms,  which  the  Bame  organ  under- 
goes in  different  animals. 

MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORPHOLY'SIS,  from  poptfr,  'shape,'  and 
Av«;,  'solution.'  Destruction  of  organization. 
An  agent,  that  occasions  such  destruction,  is 
called  a  morpholyt'ic. 

MORPHOLYTIC,  see  Morpholysis. 

MORPHON'OMY,  Morphonom'ia :  from  win, 
'shape/  and  vopot,  'a  law.'  The  laws  of  organic 
formation.  The  department  of  anatomical  science 
which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic  configuration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Podiculus. 

MORPION,  Crab-louse,  see  Pediculus. 

MORS,  Death — m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia — m. 
Putativa,  Aphyxia — m.  Repentina,  Demotivus 
lapsus  — m.  du  Diable,  Scabiosa  Buccisa. 

MORSELLUS,  Tabella. 

MORSULI  ANTIMONIALES,  Tabellse  anti- 
moniales  Kunckelii — m.  Stibii,  Tabellse  antimo- 
niales  Kunckelii. 

MORSULUS,  Tabella. 

MORSURE,  Degmos. 

MORS  US.  Degmos — m.  Diaboli,  Scabiosa  suc- 
cisa, see  Tuba  Fallopiana — m.  Gallinse,  Alsine 
media — m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia — m.  Ventriculi, 
Cardialgia. 

MORT,  Death — m,  Apparente,  Asphyxia — nu 
du  Chien,  Cholera  —  m.  attx  Chiene,  Colchioum 
autuoinale — m.  aux  Pantkeree,  Doronicum  parda- 
)ianches. 
X   MORTA,  Pemphigus. 

MORTAL,  Morta'lie,  from  more,morti;  'death.' 
Letha'lie,  Leta'lie,  Thanaio'dee,  ThanaJimu;(Y.) 
MorteL  That  which  is  subject  to  death ;  —  that 
which  causes  death :  —  as,  man  is  mortal;  a  di»- 
mue  t*  mortaL  Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to  have 
a  division  of  mortal  wounds,  which  gave  Hbo  to 
many  errors  in  medico-legal  investigations,  as  the 
mortality  of  wounds  depends  upon  various  cir- 


cumstances ;  and  it  is  often  a  matter  of  extreme 
difficulty  to  pronounce  whether  or  not  a  wound  is 
necessarily  mortal. 

MORTALITY,  MortaVUae,  Lethal'itae,  LctaV- 
itae,  ( F. )  Mortaliti.  This  word,  taken  in  an  extend- 
ed sense,  expresses  the  condition  of  all  organized 
bodies, — of  being  subject  to  the  cessation  of  life. 
In  the  sense  in  which  it  is  most  frequently  em- 
ployed, it  signifies, — the  proportional  quantity  of 
individuals  who,  in  a  certain  population,  die  in  a 
given  time.  If  we  assume  the  population  of  the 
earth  to  be  one  thousand  millions,  and  a  genera- 
tion to  last  thirty-three  years ;  in  that  space  of 
time  the  one  thousand  millions  must  all  die, 
and,  consequently,  the  number  of  deaths  will  be, 
by  approximation, 

Each  year 30,000,000 

Each  day 82,109 

Each  hour 3,421 

Each  minute 57 

Each  second 1  nearly. 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  a* 
tbn  to  twelve  :  there  will  be  born, 

Each  year 36,000,000 

Each  day 98,356 

Each  hour 4,098 

Each  minute 68 

Each  second 1  A  2-1 5th*. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the  Pays  du  VaudJ  is  1  in  49;  of  Swe- 
den and  Holland,  1  in  48 ;  of  Russia,  1  in  41 ;  of 
France,  1  in  40  ;  of  Austria,  1  in  38 ;  of  Prussia 
and  Naples,  1  in  33  to  35 ;  of  England,  1  in  45; 
and  of  South  America,  1  in  30.  The  same  rate 
of  mortality  has  been  given  to  the  United  States 
as  to  France;  but  the  statistical  details  on  all 
this  matter  have  been  inadequate,  and — it  is  not 
improbable — inaccurate.  The  following  has  been 
given  as  the  annual  mortality  of  some  of  the 
ohief  cities  of  this  country  and  Europe:  (See  the 
author's  Human  Health,  p.  101:  Philadelphia, 
1844.)  Philadelphia,  1  in  45.68;  Glasgow,  1  in 
44;  Manchester,  1  in  44;  Geneva,  1  in  43;  Bos- 
ton, 1  in  41.26 ;  Baltimore,  1  in  41 ;  London,  1  in 
40 ;  New  York,  1  in  37.83 ;  St.  Petersburgh,  1  in 
37;  Charleston,  1  in  36.50;  Leghorn,  1  in  35; 
Berlin,  1  in  34;  Paris,  Lyons,  Strasburg,  and 
Barcelona,  1  in  32 ;  Nice  and  Palermo,  1  in  31 ; 
Madrid,  1  in  29 ;  Naples,  1  in  28 ;  Brussels,  1  in 
26 ;  Rome,  1  in  25 ;  Amsterdam,  1  in  24 ;  and 
Vienna,  1  in  22£. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years  of 
age  bears  a  large  ratio.  This  is  exhibited  by  the 
following  table : 

Agjb.  London.    Philad.         Baltinef* 

Under    1     year,)    9«  ,9      22.7  24.11 

From      lto     2,f   <***        8.6  8.54 

2  to      5,        9.97        7.3  11.18 

6  to    10,        4.33        4.  5. 

10  to    20,        4.03        5.  6.3 

20  to    80,        6.64      12.  9.87 

30  to    40,        8.08      12.  10.58 

40  to    50,        8.89      10.  8.88 

50  to    60,        8.89        7.2  5.78 

60  to    70,        9.15        5.  4.5 

70  to    80,        7.63        3.5  3. 

80  to    90,        3.18        1.9  1.67 

90  to  100,        0.40        0.5  0J6 

100  to  110,       0.09   )  nift 

110  to  120,       0.013  J  u#1* 

It  would  not  be  proper  to  regard  the  value  «/ 
life  in  different  countries,  or  in  different  periods 
in  the  same  country,  to  be  indicated  by  the  ave- 
rage mortality;  inasmuch  as  in  one  case  a  greater 


MORTAR 


673 


MOTORT 


mortality  may  occur  amongst  children,  and  in 
another  amongst  adults. 

Mortality,  Bills  op,  BilU  of  KecroVogy, 
Mutuary  Reg"i»tert,  (F.)  Tablet  de  Mortaliti. 
Tables,  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
the  number  of  deaths,  Ao.  in  a  given  time.  Well- 
kept  bills  of  mortality  are  of  great  use  to  the  phy- 
sician and  political  economist.  Those  of  London 
were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in- 
sufficiency ;  especially  as  regards  the  complaints 
of  which  the  persons  have  died.  They  were  for- 
merly made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  in- 
formation was  conveyed  to  them  by  two  old  wo- 
men, who  were  appointed  in  each  parish,  and 
were  called  Searcher*;  —  their  duty  being  to  see 
that  the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.  This 
miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished ; 
and  the  Registrar- General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  admi- 
rably vital  statistics  are  now  conducted  in  Great 
Britain. 

MORTAR,  Morta'rittm,  Moreta'rium,  Motto'- 
rium,  Piao,  Ac'oni,  Pila,  Holmoa,  Igd%,  Igdua, 
(F.)  Mortier.  A  vessel  for  reducing  to  powder 
different  solid  substances,  and  for  making  certain 
mixtures.  Various  substances  are  employed  in 
the  construction  of  mortars  j — iron,  marble,  glass, 
wedgewood  ware,  Ae. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

MOR TEL,  Mortal. 

MORTIER,  Mortar. 

MORTIFBR,  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification  —  m.  Pulmo- 
num,  Necropneumonia. 

MORTIFICA'TION,  Mortifica'tio,  Neero'aia, 
Sphacelation,  from  mora,  *  death/  and  Jio,  *  I  be- 
come/ The  loss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the  body. 
The  incipient  stage  of  mortification,  when  the 
case  is  still  recoverable,  is  called  Gangrene ;  when 
totally  destroyed,  Sphacelus.  Mortification  of  a 
bone  is  called  Necrosis. 

Mortification,  Cold,  Sphacelus — m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism — m.  Hot,  Gangrene  —  m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism. 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  sulphas. 

MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

MORUM,  see  Moras  nigra — m.  Palpebral  in- 
ternee, Trachoma  oarunculosum. 

MORUS  NIGRA,  if.  lacinia'ta,  Mul'herry 
Tree,  More' a,  Sycami'noe,  (F.)  Murier  Noir.  The 
fruit  of  the  mulberry  tree,  Morum,  Sycami'num, 
(F.)  Mure,  is  pleasant,  sweet,  subacid,  and 
abounds  with  a  deep  violet-coloured  juice.  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an 
anthelmintic. 

MORUS  RUBRA,  Red  Mulberry,  Wild  MuU 
lerry ;  indigenous.  The  root  has  been  used  to 
destroy  taenia. 

MOR  VE,  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus;  see  Equinia— 
m.  Farcineuae,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,  Habit. 

Mos  Morbi  Behtg'nus,  sen  Malig'ntts.  The 
benign,  or  malignant  character  of  a  disease. 

MOSCHARDI'NA,  Mmcer'da,  from  poaxos, 
'musk/  A  lozenge  for  the  mouth,  composed  of 
musk,  ambergris,  and  other  aromatics. 

MOSCHELiE'ON,  Moecola'a.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 

MOSCHUS,  Musk— m.  Arabum,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus — m.  Factitious,  Musk>  artificial 

MOSCOLjEA,  MoschelsDon. 

MOSLICH,  Maslach. 

MOSQUITA,  see  Mosquito. 

MOSQUFTO  (S.)  Diminutive  of  (S.)  moaca,  'a 
fly/  Musquito.  A  very  troublesome  insect  in 
warm,  moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  Mosquito 
curtain*,  are  used  in  India,  by  way  of  protection. 


The  entrance  of  mosquitos  into  the  bedchamber 
may  also  be  prevented,  to  a  certain  extent,  by 
keeping  the  doors  and  windows  closed  until  the 
lights  are  extinguished.  The  pain  and  itching 
from  the  bites  are  alleviated  by  washing  them 
with  hartshorn. 

Mobquita  is  a  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese, 
to  small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  resembling  the 
bites  of  the  musquito. 

MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  m. 
Ceylon,  Fucus  amylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopodium 
— m.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Iceland,  Lichen 
Islandicus — m.  Irish,  Fucus  crispus — m.  Marine, 
Fucus  amylaceus. 

MOTA,  Fagus  castanea. 

MOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTATIO,  Motion. 

MOTE,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTEUR,  Motory. 

MOTHER'S  MARES,  Nsevus— m.  Spots, 
Nsbvus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Matri- 
caria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  Motil'ila*,  from  motua,  'move- 
ment' (F.)  Motilitt,  MotriciU.  Faculty  of  mov- 
ing ;  moving  power ;  contractility. 
-  MOTION,  Motua,  Mo'tio,  Mota'tio,  Jfoto'men, 
Commo'tio,  Pernio' tio,  Cine' ait,  Movement,  (F.) 
Mouvement.  The  act  of  changing  place.  The 
various  motions  may  be  divided  into, — Firat,  the 
voluntary  or  those  that  are  executed  under  the 
influence  of  the  brain.  Secondly,  the  involuntary, 
which  may  be  subdivided  into,  1,  The  excited,  of 
the  re/lex  function  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  and 
others, — as  the  closure  of  the  larynx  on  the  con- 
tact of  acrid  vapours,  of  the  pharynx  on  that  of 
the  food, — a  function  of  the  spinal  marrow ;  and 
2.  Those  that  are  executed  under  the  organic  and 
other  nerves  of  involuntary  function.  It  is  pro- 
bable, too,  that  every  living  tissue  is  capable  of 
moving  responsive  to  its  appropriate  irritant  See 
Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliary,  see  Cilia  —  m.  Involuntary, 
see  Automatic  —  m.  Vibratory,  see  Ciliary  —  m. 
Voluntary,  Autocinesis. 

MOTIVE,  Motory. 

MOTOR,  Motory. 

Motor  Oculi  Extkr'ito8,  Nervua  timfidu8, 
(F.)  Nerf  oculo-muactdaire  externe  (Ch.),  Nerf 
moteur  oculaire  externe,  Sixth  pair  of  nervea, 
arises  from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons 
Varolii  from  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters 
the  cavernous  sinus ;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  furnished 
by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion ;  enters  the  or- 
bit by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is  lost  on  the 
rectus  externus  oculi  This  pair  is,  also,  called 
Abducentea. 

Moto'res  OcuLO'RTnr,  Moto'rii  Ocvlorum,  Ocu- 
la'rea  commu'nes,  Ophthal'mici  exter'ni,  Common 
Oculo-muacular  Nervea,  (F.)  Nerf  a  moteura  ocii- 
lairea  communa,  (Ch.,)  The  third  pair  of  nerve*. 
This  nerve  arises  from  a  depression  at  the  inner 
side  of  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  between  the 
tuber  annulare  and  corpora mammillaria.  It  enters 
the  outer  part  of  the  cavernous  sinus,  and  passes 
into  the  orbitar  eavity.  Behind  the  sphenoidal 
fissure,  it  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  one  su- 
perior, and  the  other  inferior.  The  former  is 
lost  on  the  rectus,  superior  oculi  and  the  levator 
palpebrse  superioris  j  the  latter — the  larger  of  the 
two— divides  into  three  branches,  which  pass  to 
the  rectus  internus,  rectus  inferior,  and  lesser 
oblique.  The  last  furnishes  a  filament,  which 
passes  to  the  ophthalmic,  ganglion. 

MOTORIAL,  Motory. 

MO'TORY,  Motive,  Moty,  Moto'rial,  Motrix, 
Kinetic  or  Oinefic,  (F.)  Moteur.    That  whiob 


MOT08 


574 


MUCILAQO 


more*  or  causes  Movement,  as  motor  nerve*,  in 
contradistinction  to  sensory. 

MOTOS,  Linteum,  Tent 

MOTO'SIS,  poros,  'charpie.'  The  application 
•f  charpie  to  a  wound. 

MOTRICITti,  Motility. 

MOTRIX,  Motory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUM,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTUS,  Motion  —  m.  Assirailationis,  Plastic 
force — m.  Automations,  see  Automatic — m.  Com- 
pressorius,  Peristole — m.  Cordis  diastalticus,  Dia- 
stole— m.  Hsemorrhoidalis,  Hsemorrhois — m.  In- 
testinorum,  Borborygmus — m.  Involuntarius,  see 
Autocinesis — m.  Peristalticus,  Peristole — m.  Tes- 
tudineus,  Peristole — in.  Vermioularis,  Peristole — 
m.  Voluntarius,  Autocinesis. 

MO  U CHE,  Cantharis— m.  oVEepagne,  Can- 
tharis. 

MOUCHER  IS  ACTION  BE,  Munctio. 

MOUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour— «.  Volantes, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

MOUCHETVRE,  see  Scarification. 

MOV  CHOIR  EN  TRIANGLE,  Couvrechef, 
tee  Bandeau. 

MOUFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOULD,  Fontanella. 

MOULE,  Mytilus  edulia. 

MOULEVR,  Muller. 

MOULTING,  Desquamation. 

MOVREILLER,  Malpighia  mourella. 

MOV  RON  DES  OISEAVX,  Alsine  media— 
m.  Rouge,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE-EAR,  Alsine  media,  Hieracium  pilo- 
sella. 

MOUSE-SIGHT,  Myopia. 

MOUSSE  BE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— -m.  d'hlandy  Fucus  crispus  —  nu  Perlie,  Fucus 
crispus. 

MOVSSERONy  see  Agaric 

MOUSSEVX,  Frothy. 

MO  VST  ACHE,  Mystax. 

MOfJT  BE  LA  BlSRE,  Wort 

MOtlTARDE,  Sinapis. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  mutt,  Ot,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma, 
(F.)  Bonche.  This  word  sometimes  signifies  the 
cavity  situate  between  the  jaws,  and  containing 
the  tongue,  Ac. ; — at  others,  the  outer  orifice  of 
that  cavity.  The  mouth,  in  the  first  acceptation, 
Cav'itas  seu  Spa'tium  Orie,  is  the  cavity ;  bound- 
ed, above,  by  the  palatine  arch;  below,  by  the 
tongue ;  before,  by  the  lips ;  and  behind,  by  the 
velum  pal  at  i  and  pharynx.  The  sides  of  the 
mouth  and  the  organs  it  contains  are  lined  by  a 
muoous  membrane.  The  anterior  aperture  of  the 
mouth  is,  sometimes,  called  facial — the  posterior, 
pharyngeal.  In  the  mouth  are  tho  teeth,  gums, 
alveolar  margins,  tongue;  the  excretory  ducts  of 
the  salivary  glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of 
mucous  follicles,  Ac  It  is  in  this  cavity  that  the 
food  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised  by  tho  teeth ;  is  im- 
pregnated with  saliva,  and  formed  into  a  mass  or 
bolus,  which  is  then  subjected  to  the  act  of  deglu- 
tition. The  mouth  contains  the  organs  of  taste; 
and  it  serves  in  respiration,  articulation,  expec- 
toration, suction,  Ac 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be  at- 
tended to  in  Semeiology.  The  state  of  the  mucous 
membrane,  like  that  of  the  tongue,  indicates  the 
Condition  of  the  membrane  of  tho  alimentary  ca- 
nal generally. 

Mouth,  Os,  Apertura,  Oriflc"ium,  Hia'tus, 
Peristo'mium,  is,  also,  applied  to  the  open  extre- 
mities of  vessels  or  other  canals. 

Mouth  Root,  Coptis  —  m.  Sore,  Aphtha)  —  m. 
Watering,  ftee  Salivation. 

MOUVEMENT,  Motion. 


MOVEMENT,  Motion. 

MOXA,  Moxibu'riunu  A  word  by  which  the 
Chinese  and  Japenese  designate  a  cottony  sub- 
stance, which  they  prepared  by  beating  the  dried 
leaves  of  the  Artemisia  moxa,  — a  kind  of  mug- 
wort  With  this  down  they  form  a  oone,  which 
is  placed  upon  the  part  intended  to  be  cauterized, 
and  is  set  fire  to  at  the  top.  The  beat  and  pain 
gradually  increase,  in  proportion  as  the  combus- 
tion proceeds  downwards,  until  ultimately  an 
eschar  may  be  formed.  In  Europe  and  this 
country,  the  same  operation  is  usually  practised 
with  a  cylinder  of  cotton-wool,  or  with  one  formed 
from  the  pith  of  the  greater  sun-flower.  This 
mode  of  cauterization  is  employed  a*  a  powerful 
counter-irritant;  which  it  assuredly  is.  Slough- 
ing may  be  in  some  measure  prevented,  according 
to  Baron  Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  am- 
monia to  the  burnt  part. 

The  term  moxa  has  been  extended  to  any  sub- 
stance, which  by  gradual  combustion  on  or  near 
the  8 kin  is  employed  as  a  counter-irritant. 

MOXIBURIUM,  Moxa. 

MOXIBUS'TION,  Moxibms'tio,  Encau'sie, 
Mode  of  cauterization  by  means  of  moxa. 

MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING  MAGNESIA, 
see  Magnesia,  effervescing,  Moxon's. 

MUCAGO,  Liquor  sanguinis,  Mucilage. 

MUCARUM,  Mucharum. 

MUCCINIUM,  Mucilage. 

MUCEDO,  Mucilage. 

MUCHA'RUM,  Muca'rum.  A  barbarous  term, 
formerly  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of  roses, 
sweetened,  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup. 

MUCIFIC,  Blennogenous. 

MU'CIFORM,  Muciform'is,  Myxo'des,  BUn- 
no'des,  BlennoVdes,  BlennoVdeus,  from  muc**, 
and  forma,  *  form.'  Resembling  mucus  in  cha- 
racter or  appearance. 

MU'CILAGE,  Mucila'go,  Muca'go,  JfrerV*, 
Muccin'ium,  from  the  Lat  mucus, — itself  presumed 
to  be  from  mungere,  '  to  wipe  the  nose'  A  mix- 
ture of  gum  and  a  small  quantity  of  matter  ana- 
logous to  mucus,  which  is  found  in  abundance  is 
linseed,  quince-seed,  Ac  It  is  obtained  by  beat- 
ing with  water  the  parts,  or  products,  of  plants 
which  contain  it  It  is  much  used  in  the  prepe- 
tion  of  emollient  cataplasms  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  demulcent  tisanes. 

Mucilage,  see  Liquor  sanguinis  —  m.  Animal, 
Mucus  —  m.  of  Quince-seeds,  Decoctum  cydonle 
—  m.  of  Rice,  see  Orysa  —  m.  of  Sassafras  Pita. 
Infusum  sassafras  medulla? — m.  Starch,  Mucilage 
amyli. 

MUCILAGINEUX,  Mucilaginous. 

MUCILAG"INOUS,  Mucilagino'sus.  Gmmt**'- 
sue,  Gummio'des,  Gummidctdes,  (F.)  Mucilaginenr. 
Gummy.  Resembling  gum.  That  which  pos- 
sesses the  character  of  mucilage. 

MUCILAGO,  Mucilage,  Synovia. 

Mttcilaoo  Aca'cms,  M.  Acacia  Arab'irv,  M. 
Gwnmi  Arab'icm,  Mucilage  of  aca'cia,  M.  off** 
Arabic.  (Acacia  gum.  contus.  §iv;  ae.  bmliiemL 
0s8.  Rub  the  gum  with  the  water  gradusJIr 
added.)  Demulcent.  To  allay  cough ;  but,  cbieflj. 
to  suspend  insoluble  matters  in  water,  Ac. 

McctLAGO  Am'yli,  Starch  mucilage,  (Amyli, 
giij  ;  aqua,  Oj.  Rub  the  starch  with  the  water 
gradually  added ;  then  boil  till  it  forms  a  muci- 
lage.— PK.L.)  Demulcent  Generally  given  per 
anum. 

Mucilago  Articulorux  sen  Juxcturabxk, 
Synovia. 

Mucilago  Astraq'ali  Tragacak  'thjr,  M.  fr«- 
gaeanthes  (Ph.  U.  S.),  M.gummi  tragacanth*,  Ifit- 

Icilage  of  tragacanth.     (Gummi  tragacantk.  Jj; 
aqum  buUient.  Oj.    Macerate  for  24  hoars;  tritu- 


mucin 


575 


MULIEBROSUS 


rate  till  Che  gum  is  dissolved,  and  press  through 
linen.)    For  pharmaceutical  purposes. 

Mucilago  Cretica,  Misturse  oretie — m.  Gum- 
mi  Arabici,  M.  acacias — m.  Seminis  cydonii  mali, 
Decoctum  cydonise — m.  Gummi  tragacanthse,  M. 
astragali  tragacanthse — m.  Tragacanthss,  M.  astra- 
gali tragacanthse. 

MUCIN,  Mucus. 

MUCIP'AROUS,  Mucip'arus,  from  mucus,  and 
pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Mucous-producing;  as 
muciparous  glands  or  follicles. 

MUCKSWEAT,  Desudatio. 

MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia  sacei  laervma'lis,  from 
mucus,  and  **i\ri,  'rupture/  An  enlargement  or 
protrusion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachry- 
mal passages,  giving  occasion  to  fistula  laery- 
malis.    Also,  dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  sao. 

MUCO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCO-PU'RULENT,  Muco-purulen'tns,  Pyo- 
blen'nicus,  from  mucut,  and  pus.  Haring  the 
character  or  appearance  of  mucus  and  pus. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus  —  m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSITAS,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'ITY,  Mucos'itas.  A  fluid,  which  re- 
sembles mueus,  or  contains  a  certain  quantity 
of  it 

MUCOUS,  Muco'su*.  An  epithet  for  all  bodies 
containing  mucilage  or  mucus.  It  is,  also,  some- 
times used  synonymously  with  gummy.  In  pa- 
thology, it  is  occasionally  employed  to  express  the 
seat  of  a  disease,  as  mucous  disease,  mucous  phleg- 
masia; that  is,  having  its  seat  in  a  mucous  mem- 
brane. 

Mucous  Corpuscles,  see  Muous — m.  Layer, 
see  Tache  embryonnaire —  m.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes  —  m.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MUCRO,  Apex. 

Mucro  seu  Cor'ypJkl  sen  Fundus  sea  Vertex 
Cordis.    The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 

Mucro  Humeri,  Acromion. 

MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

MU'CULENT,  Muculen'tus,  from  touch*.  Slimy, 
viscid. 

MUCUNA,  see  Dolichos  pruriens — m.  Pru- 
riens,  Dolichos  pruriens — m.  Prurita,  Bee  Do- 
lichos. 

MUCUS,  Mucor,  Muco'sus  humor,  Mucos'itas, 
Myxa,  Mt/eus,  LapS,  Pitui'ta,  Zotimy'cns,  Zoo- 
myx'a,  Pit'uite,  Animal  mucus,  Blennaf^Animal 
mucilage,  (F.)  Muqueux  animal,  Morxe,  Mucilage 


animal,  presumed  to  be  from  mungere,  'to  nipt 
the  nose.'  A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable 
mucilage;  from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by 
affording  subcarbonate  of  ammonia  on  distilla- 
tion. Mucus  exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state 
of  combination  with  a  peculiar  oily  matter ;  and, 
drying,  forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeoas  productions,  as 
the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  feathen 
of  birds,  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at  the 
surface  of  the  mucous  membranes,  and  presents 
some  difference  in  its  composition  and  properties, 
according  to  the  particular  mucous  membrane 
from  which  it  is  obtained.  Its  chief  organic  con- 
stituent is  an  albuminous  compound,  —  mucin. 
Mucus  preserves  the  membranes  moist,  and  in  a 
state  best  fitted  for  the  performance  of  their  func- 
tions. The  French  give  the  term  glairs  to  the 
thick,  stringy  mucus,  secreted  by  the  mucous 
membranes  when  in  a  state  of  disease. 

When  mucus  is  examined  with  the  microscope 
it  is  found  to  contain  numerous  epithelial  scales 
or  flattened  cells ;  together  with  round,  granular 
bodies,  which  are  commonly  termed  mucous  cor- 
puscles or  mucous  globules. 

Mucus  Carphodks,  see  Carphodes — m.  Ca- 
tharticus,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — m.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

MUD- APPLE  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena, 

MUDAR,  Madar.  The  Calotropis  mudarii 
seu  madarii;  or,  according  to  the  generality  of 
authorities,  the  C.  gig  ante' a  or  Ascle'pias  gigan- 
te'a.  In  the  Hindoo  practice  of  physic,  the  bark 
of  the  root,  as  well  as  the  concrete  juice  of  the 
plant,  enters  into  various  compound  formulas  for 
the  cure  of  elephantiasis  and  many  other  disor- 
ders. Experiments  instituted  by  Dr.  Duncan,  jr., 
exhibit  its  properties  to  bo  like  those  of  ipeca- 
cuanha. 

MUDGE'S  INHALER,  see  Inhaler. 

MUOUET,  Aphtha),  Convallaria  maialis —  m. 
des  Bois,  Asperula  odorata — m.  de  Mai,  Conval- 
laria maialis. 

MUG  WORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

MULaTRE,  Mulatto. 

MULATTO,  (F.)  Mul&tre,  (S.)  Mulata.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of  a 
white  and  black  race ;  from  mulus,  *  a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of 
white  blood  in  the  various  castes, — arising  from 
the  hybridous  admixture  of  white  and  black,  — 
according  to  the  principles  sanctioned  by  usage. 


DEGREE  OF  MIXTURE. 


Negro  and  White, Mulatto, 1-2  White, 

White  and  Mulatto, Terceron, 3-4   

w-«,A  ««^  tu,.7-»^  f  Griffo,  Griff,  or  Zambo,  1  ,  A    

Negro  and  Mulatto, j     6j,  ^k  9Twcwanf     j 1-4   

White  and  Terceron, Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 7-8    

Nejrro  and  Terceron, Black  Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 1-8    

White  and  Quarteron, Quinteron, 15-16 

Negro  and  Black  Quarteron, Black  Quinteron, 1-16 


The  last  two  were  considered  to  be  respectively 
white  and  black,  in  the  British  West  India 
Islands ;  and  the  former,  prior  to  modern  changes, 
were  white  by  law,  and  consequently  free.  See 
Half-oaste. 

MULBERRY  CALCULUS,  see  Calculi,  uri- 
nary— m.  Rash,  see  Typhus  —  m.  Red,  Morns 
rubra — m.  Tree,  Moras  nigra — m.  Wild,  Moras 
rubra. 

MULES  (F.),  Mula.    Chilblains  on  the  heels. 

MULGE'DIUM  ACUMINATUM,  Lactu'ca 
villo'sa,  Blue  Lettuce;  and 


Mulge'dium  Florida'nuw,  Lactu'ca  Florida'. 
nat  Sonchus  Florida' nus,  False  Lettuce;  indige- 
nous plants ;  Order,  Composite ;  have  the  repu- 
tation of  curing  the  bites  of  rattlesnakes. 

MULIEBRIA,  Menses,  Vulva. 

MULIEBRITY,  Mulieritas.     • 

MULIEBROS'ITAS,  Philogyn'ia,  from  mulisr, 
*  a  woman,'  muliebra,  *  appertaining  to  women/ 
Fondness  for  women.  Hence,  Muliebro'sus,  ifu- 
liera'rius,  and  Muliero'sus,;  one  who  is  fend  of 
women. 

MULIEBROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas 


MTTLIERARIUB 


57t 


MUSA 


MULIERARIUS,  see  Muliobrositas. 

MULIE'RITAS,  Mulieb'rity,  Womanhood,  from 
mulier,  *a  woman.'  The  state  of  puberty  in  the 
female. 

MULIEROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant 

MULLED  WINE,  see  Wine. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK,  Verbascnm  nigrum— m. 
Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Yerbascum  nigrum. 

MULLER,  (F.)Mouleur.  A  moulder.  A  stone 
held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder  is 
ground  upon  a  flat  horizontal  stone.  It  is  some- 
times called  mullet,  (F.)  Mollette. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULOMEDICINA,  Veterinary  art 

MULOMEDICUS,  see  Hippiater. 

MULSA  ACIDA,  Oxyglycus. 

MULSUM,  Hydromeli — m.  Yinosum,  (Enomel. 

MULTIFIDUS  SPIKE,  Transversalis  dorsL 

MULTIFOBTA'TION,  Multifwta'tio,  from  muU 
tus,  'many,'  and  foetus.  Pregnancy  with  more 
than  two  foetuses. 

MULTILOC'ULAR,  Multilocula'ris,  from  muU 
tus,  *  many,'  and  loculus,  '  a  celL'  Having  many 
oells  or  cavities. 

MULTIMAM'M^ffi,  from  multus,  'many,'  and 
mamma,  *  a  breast'  A  variety  of  hypergenesis, 
in  which  there  are  supernumerary  mammas. 

MULTIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Multiple,  frommultus, 
4  many,'  and  parire,  *  to  bring  forth.'  One  that 
brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same  time.  Such 
a  birth  is  called  plural. 

MULTITUDO,  Plethora. 

MULTIVORANTIA,  Polyphagia. 

MUM  I  A.  Mummy. 

MUMMIFICA'TION,  from  mummy,  and  fio, 
'  to  make.'  Sceleteu'sis.  The  mode  of  preparing 
a  mummy. 

MUMMY,  Mumia,  Arab,  Moumya,  from  mum, 
*  wax.'  Rebolea,  Rebona,  (F.)  Momie.  A  dead 
body  simply  dried,  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
oommon.  Formerly,  the  Egyptian  mummy  was 
extolled  as  useful  in  contusions.  It  was  pre- 
sumed, also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  resolvent 
properties.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as  an  archai- 
cal  curiosity. 

MUMPS,  Cynanche  parotides 

MUNC'TIO,  ApomexHs,  (F.)  V Action  de  mou- 
ther.   The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUNDIFICANTIA,  Detergents. 

MUNDIFICATIVA,  Detergent*. 

MUND'TIA  SPINO'SA.  A  plant  of  the  Nat. 
Ord.  Polygaleas,  which  grows  in  Southern  Africa, 
and  a  decoction  of  whose  branches  is  used  in 
atrophy,  phthisis,  Ac. 

MUNGOS  RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mungos. 

MUNIMENTUM  CASTITATIS,  Hymen. 

MUQUEUX  ANIMAL,  Mucus. 

MUR,  Coryza. 

MURAL,  Mura'lis,  from  murus,  'a  wall/  Ve- 
sical calculi  are  so  called  when  rugous  and  co- 
vered with  tubercles  or  asperities.  They  are 
oomposcd  of  oxalate  of  lime. 

MURE,  Moro,  see  Morus  nigra. 

MU'RIA,  Halmi,  Salsila'go,  Brine)  (F.)  Sau- 
mure.  This  was  formerly  used  as  a  glyster  in 
dysentery,  in  certain  inveterate  neuralgias,  Ac 

Muria,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 

MURIATE [  ITAMMONIAQUE,  Ammonias 
nutrias — ro.  d'Ammoniaque  et  defer,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatnm — m.  d?Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

MURIAT'IO  ACID,  from  muria;  Ac"idum 
tali;  Spir'itus  talis  mari'ni,  Sp.  salis  Olaube'ri, 
Acidum  mari'num  concentra'tum,  Acidum  satis 
emliua'ris,  Aeidum  tali*  marini,  Spir'itus  talis 


ac"idus  sen  finnans,  Aeidum  hydrocklor'icum  sen 
muriaticum,  Spirit  of  salt,  (F.)  Aeide  hydrocklo- 
rique  ou  muriatique.  An  aqueous  solution  of 
cfalorohydric  acid  gas  of  s.  g.  1.16.  The  odour 
of  muriatic  acid  is  suffocating;  taste  very  acid 
and  caustic.  It  is  nearly  colourless  when  pure ; 
but  commonly  of  a  pale  yellow;  volatile;  the 
fumes  risible.  Muriatic  acid  is  possessed  of  tonic 
and  antiseptic  properties.  It  is  used  in  typhus ; 
cutaneous  eruptions ;  in  gargles  for  inflammatory 
and  putrid  sore  throats,  (gtt  xxx  to  fgvj  of  wa- 
ter,) Ac.  When  added  to  a  pediluvium,  it  ren- 
ders it  stimulating. 

Acidum  Muriaticum  Dilu'tum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  contains  four  ounces,  by  measure,  of  moriatie 
acid  to  twelve  ounces  of  distilled  water. 

MURIDE,  Bromine. 

MURIER  NOIR,  Morns  nigra. 

MURIGENE,  Chlorine. 

MURINA,  Bromine. 

MURMUR,  (F.)  Murmure.  A  word  existing 
both  in  the  Romanic  and  Teutonic  languages,  and 
probably  a  variety  of  onomatopoeia; — mur  mur 
expressing  the  kind  of  sound  which  the  word  in- 
dicates. A  low  continued  or  continuously  re- 
peated sound,  as  that  of  flame,  or  of  a  stream 
running  over  a  stony  bottom. 

Murmur  Aurium,  Tinnitus  Aurium — m.  In- 
testinale  seu  intestinorum  sea  Ventris,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

Murmur,  Res'pibatort.  The  noise  heard 
during  inspiration  and  expiration,  especially  the 
former.  It  is  produced  by  the  passage  of  the  air 
through  the  bronchial  tubes  and  into  the  air-cells. 
Ii  has  been  also  called  murmur  of  the  expansion 
of  the  lunge  ;  and,  when  distinctly  vesicular,  Re- 
spiration of  the  cells  or  vesicular  respiration*  (F.) 
Respiration  vfsiculaire.  Vesicular  respiration  is 
of  course  absent  when  the  cells  of  the  lungs  have 
been  obliterated  from  any  cause.  We  may  then 
have  the  Respiration  nulls,  Absence  du  bruit  re- 
spiratoire,  Silence,  and  Respiration  siUncieuse  of 
the  French  writers. 

At  times,  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  expi- 
ration, or  both  —  the  Respiration  rude  or  R.  r4~ 
peuse  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a  Mov- 
ing sound,  (F.)  Souffle,  Respiration  soufflante,  at 
if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  auscultator  s 
ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the  healthy 
state  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  and  about  the  bi- 
furcation of  the  bronohia ;  but  when  it  proceeds 
from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease.  It  may  be 
tubular  or  diffused.  In  the  former,  the  whiffing 
murmurs  appear  to  occur  in  a  space  limited  to  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  part  examined. 
In  the  latter,  they  are  produced  with  but  mode- 
rate intensity,  and  Boraetimes  at  a  distance  fron 
the  ear,  over  a  tolerably  extended  space. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea  and 
bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or  brcmthid 
or  tubal,  (F.)  Respiration  bronchique,  Souffle  tu- 
baire,  acoording  to  the  situation  in  which  it  is 
heard. 

Murmur,  Uterihe,  Bruit  placentaire —  a. 
Utero-placental,  Bruit  placentaire. 

Murmur,  Whifpisg,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

MURR,  Murrain,  from  A.  S.  mynnhan,  'to 
destroy,'  or  from  (L.)  mori, '  to  die.'  (F.)  CSaivaa, 
Clavelie,  Pestilential  Fever.  An  epizootic,  per- 
haps contagious,  disease,  having  some  resemblance 
to  small-pox,  which  affects  cattle  —  especially 
sheep ;  and  is  said  to  have  been  transferred  10 
man. 

Murrain,  Coryxa,  Murr. 

MURREN,  Corysa. 

MUSA,  M.  Paradisiaca— -m.  Cliffortiana,  M. 
Paradisiaca — m.  Mensaria,  M.  Paradisiaca. 

MUSA  PARADISIACA,  Musa,  M.  Mensa'ria  M 


UTJ&Q 


m 


MUSOLB 


Cliffortia'na,  Ammo,  Palma  hu'mili*,  Fieus  /»'- 
dica,  Bata,  Plat' anus.  The  Plantain  tret.  Fa- 
mily, Musacete.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogy- 
nia.  It  grows  in  many  parts  of  India  and  South 
America.  The  fruity  which  is  largely  eaten  for 
bread,  consists  of  a  mealy  substance.  It  is  clam- 
my; has  a  sweetish  taste,  and  will  dissolve  in  the 
mouth  without  chewing.  The  whole  spike  of 
fruit  often  weighs  forty  or  fifty  pounds.  The 
leaves  of  the  tree  serve  the  Indians  for  table- 
cloths and  napkins.  Being  smooth  and  sof^  they 
are  also  employed  as  dressings  for  blisters.  '  The 
water  from  the  soft  trunk  is  astringent,  and 
sometimes  used  in  diarrhoea. 

Musa  Sapien'tum.  The  Bana'na  tret,  Baco'- 
ba,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacovc  This  differs  some- 
what from  the  last  The  fruit,  Bana'na,  (S.) 
Platano,  is  shorter,  straighter,  and  rounder ;  the 
pulp  softer  and  of  a  more  luscious  taste.  When 
ripe,  it  is  very  agreeable;  it  is  eaten  like  the 
plantain,  and  relished  by  all  ranks  of  people  in 
the  West  Indies.  Both  varieties  are  natives  of 
Guinea. 

MUSO,  Musk. 

MUSCA  HISPANICA,  Cantharis. 

MUSOffl  ENTO-  HYALOID,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Volitantes,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

MUSCADE,  see  Myristica  mosohata, 

MUSCADIEB,  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCERDA,  Mosohardina. 

MUSCLE,  Mutf cuius,  Torus,  Mys,  My  on,  from 
mvt,  'a  ratj'  because,  say  some  etymologists,  the 
ancients  compared  the  muscles  to  flayed  rats. 
According  to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass,  Chaussier, 
Ac,  /ww  comes  rather  from  pvtiv,  '  to  close,' '  to 
move/  Ac,  a  function  proper  to  muscles.  This 
etymon  is  the  more  probable.  Muscles  have  been 
divided  into  those  of  Animal  lift  or  of  the  lift  of 
relation  —  voluntary  muscles  —  which  execute 
movements  under  the  influence  of  the  will;  as 


the  muscles  of  the  limbs,  head,  trunk,  Ac,  and 
into  those  of  organic  life— involuntary  muscle*— 
which  contract  under  the  influence  of  certain  spe- 
cial stimuli;  as  the  heart*  fleshy  fibres  of  the 
stomach,  Ac  Mixed  muscles  are  those  which 
belong  partly  to  each  of  these  divisions ; — as  the 
muscles  of  respiration ;  the  sphinoters,  Ac  Mns- 
oles  that  act  in  opposition  to  each  other  are  called 
antagonists  j  thus,  every  extensor  has  a  flexor 
for  an  antagonist,  and  conversely.  Muscles  that 
concur  in  the  same  action  are  termed  congene- 
rous. The  muscles  present  numerous  varieties  in 
form,  size,  situation,  use,  Ac,  and  have  been  di- 
vided, by  some,  into  long,  broad,  and  short.  Each 
of  these  divisions  comprises  simple  and  compound 
muscles.  Simple  or  rectilinear  muscles  have  all 
their  fibres  in  a  similar  direction,  and  only  one 
body — as  the  Sartorius,  Pronator  guadratus,  Ac 
Compound  muscles  are  those  which  nave  only  on* 
belly  and  several  tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the 
fingers  and  toes ;  or  several  bellies  and  several 
tendons, — as  the  biceps  flexor  oubiti,  sacro-lum- 
balis,  Ac  To  the  compound  muscles  belong, 
also,  the  radiated  muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out 
from  a  common  centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the 
radii  of  a  circle ; — such  are  the  diaphragm,  ilia- 
cus,  temporal,  Ac  Pennated  or  Penniform  Mus- 
cles. Their  fibres  are  arranged  in  two  rows, 
which  are  united  at  a  median  line,  at  greater  or 
less  angles ;  nearly  as  the  feathers  are  inserted 
into  a  qnilL  The  palmaris  lon^us  is  one  of  these. 
Semi-penniform  muscles :  their  fibres  are  oblique, 
as  in  the  last  case ;  but  they  are  inserted  only  en 
one  side  of  the  tendon.  Hollow  Muscles  are,— 
the  heart,  intestines,  urinary  bladder,  Ac 

Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them  at 
upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  368. 
The  greater  part  of  them  are  in  pairs.  Very  few 
ar&^uyyoii*. 


TABLE  OF  THE  MUSCLES,  ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER  OF  DR.  BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS. 


platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Rectus  amicus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Assisted  (when  the  lower  Jem  i* 
jteuQsf 

Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-byoideus, 
Genio-hyo-glossus. 
Difsatxici. 


Forward*  ay. 

Platysma  myoides, 

Sterno-mastoideus, 

Digastricus, 

Mylo-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyoideus, 

Gen  io-hyo-glossus 

Omo  hyoidei, 

Sterno-hyoidei, 

Tbyro-hyoidei, 

Rectus  amicus  minor, 

Longus  colli. 


17 


THE  HEAD  IS  MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Bplenius  capitis, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  ••       minor, 

Oblionus  capitis  superior. 


in  HICK  IB  K OVID 
Backwards  bf 

Part  of  trapezius, 
RhomboideuB  minor, 
Berratus  posticus  superior, 
Bplenius  capitis, 

colli, 
Complexus, 
Tracbelo-mantoideas, 
Transversalis  colli, 
Interspinals  colli, 
Semi-spinales  colli, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 

44  **       minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior, 

M         "       inferior, 
Bcaleni  postld. 
Levator  scapula. 


Tb  either  side  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Part  of  trapezius, 
Bplenius  capitis, 

"       colli, 
Trachelo-mastoideus* 
Complexus. 


Lateral?*  bf 

Various  combinations  of  those  mus- 
cles which  separately  move  it  for- 
wards and  backwards,  assisted  by 
the  scaleni,  intertraosversales,  and 
recti  laterals*. 


HU8CLB 


578 


MUSCLE 


THB  TRUHK  18  MOYID 


Rectus  abdominis, 
Pyramidalia, 

Obliquus  ezternm  abdominis, 
OMiquus  in  tenuis, 
Psoas  magnus, 
**      parvus, 

JkuitUd  (whan  tkt  arsis  ar*  carried 

forward*)  bf 
Pectoralia  major, 
"        minor, 
Serratus  magnus, 


Trapezius, 
Rhomboideue  major, 
Latissimus  dorai, 
Serratus  posticus  auperior, 
M  M        inferior, 

Bacro-Iumbalis, 
Longissimue  dorsi, 
Spinalea  dorai, 
Semi-spinales  donri, 
Multiftdus  spina, 
Inter-transversaJes  dorai  et 
rum. 


XsCsraOvlf 

Obtlqaaa  externue, 
'*       intemoa, 
Ouadratus  lumborum, 
Longissimus  dorai, 
Sacro  lumbalis, 
Berraii  poatici, 
Latissimus  dorai 


Upward*  bf 

Trapezius, 
Levator  acapnia), 
Rbomboidei. 


TBM  SCAPULA  IB  MOYID 


Downward*  by 

Lower  part  of  trapezius, 
Latisaimus  dorai, 
Pectoralia  minor. 


Fbrwardtbf 

Pectoralia  minor, 
Berratus  magnus. 


Backward*  bt 

Part  or  traperiaa, 
Bhomboidei, 
Latiaaimtts  donL 


THE  HUMMUS  18  VOTED 


Jar-sards  bf  Backwards  bf 

Part  of  deltoid,  Part  of  deltoid. 

Part  or  pectoralia  major.  Teres  major, 
'*     minor, 

A**l*Ud  in  mi  sirens**  Long  head  of  triceps, 

atancct  bf  *    " 
Biceps, 
Ooraco-brachialis. 


Inward*  bf 


RotaUd  invar*  bj 


Part  of  pectoralia  major,     Subscapularis, 
Latisaimus  dorai. 


Pecioralis  major, 
Latisaimus  and  teiei  I 
Jor. 

Outwards  hf 
Supra-spinstos, 
Infraspinstaj, 
Teres  minor. 


Forward*  bf 

Biceps, 

Brachialis  anticos, 
Pronator  teres, 


THE  FOBS-IBM  IB  MOTTO 
Backward*  by 


Triceps, 
Anconeus. 


Flexor  carpi  radialia, 
"       sublimis, 
M       nlnaria. 

Supinator  longua. 


Pronator  teres. 
Flexor  carpi  radialia, 
Palmaria  longus, 
Flexor  sublimis. 
Pronator  quadrats*, 

Outward*  bf 
Biceps, 

Supinator  brevis. 
Extensor  aecundi  inter- 
nodii. 


TBM  OAHPUS  18  MOTTO 


Flexor  carpi  radialia, 

Palmaria  longua, 

flexor  sublimit. 
**       carpi  ulnaria, 
•*       profundus, 
M       tongue  poUicie. 


Backward*  bf 

Extensor    carpi    radialia 

longior, 
Extensor    carpi    radialia 

brevior, 
Extensor   aecundi    inter* 

nodii, 
Indicator, 
Extensor  communis  digi- 

torum. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 


Outward*  bf 


Flexor  snbfimia. 


Flexor  carpi  radialia,  .„,-„. . 

Extensor    carpi    radialia  w      earpiiilnsrs, 

longior,  «*       protonav*,    ^. 

Extensor    carpi    radialia  Extensor  coaawasi  ■* 

brevior,  toram.       .       ^ 

Extensor  oasis  metacarpi.  Extensor  bubiw  auw> 

Extensor  primi  internoaii.  Extensor  carpi  utaam. 


across  tka  film,  bf 

Opponens  pollicis, 
Flexor  brevis, 
••      longua 


TBB  THUMB  18  MOTTO 

JTyward*  mud  forward*,  .  I^a§\ 

and  backward*        away  from  tka  eUsr  JU-  Backward*  «*J"V 

If                         #"«,*  talk***"  fif*" 

Extensor  ossia  metacarpi    Abductor,  Adductor,      .  .tMtoai 

pollicia,  EitwwP"0"^1!* 

Extensor  primi  Intemodii,       A**i*ted  bf  part  of  tka  ■-— —  — «*■  " 

Extensor  aecundi    inter-    flexor  brevla. 
nodii, 


Extensor  lecaasi 
nodii. 


vosolx  m  MUSCLE 


THB  FDTQSB8  ABB  VOTED 

Outward*,  to  radial  bar* 
Forward*,  or  fioxod,  ty       Backward*,  or  oxtondad,  bf  dor,  bf  Inward*  If 

Plexor  sublimis.  Extensor  common!*,  Abductor  indicis.  Abductor  diglti  minimi, 

"       profundus,  "       minimi  digiti,  M        difiti  minimi!       Interossei. 

Lnmbricales,  Indicator. '  Interossei. 

Interossei, 

Flexor  brevis   digiti  mi- 
nimi, 

Abductor  digiti  minimi. 

THB  THIGH  18  MOVED 


Forwards  bf  Backward*  bf 

Psoas  roagnua,  Gluteus  maximus.  Psoas  magna*,  Tensor  vagina  femoral. 

Iliacus,  Part  of  gluteus  medium,  Iliacus,  Gluteus  maximus. 

Tensor  vagina  femona,        Pyriformis,  Pectineus,  "       medius. 

Pec  tine  us.  Obturator  interims.  Gracilis,  w       minimus, 

Adductor  longus.  Part  of  adductor  magnus,  Adductor  longus,  Pyrifonnis. 

brevis.  Long  bead  of  biceps,  u       brevie, 

Semi-tendinosus,  "       magnus, 

Bemi-membranosus.  Obturator  externum, 
Quadratus  femoris. 


THB  THIGH  IB  ROTATED 

Inward*  bf  Outwards  bf 

Tensor  vagina  femoris,        Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius,        Part  of  gluteus  medius, 

Pyrifonnis, 
And,  when  the  log  is  ex-    Gemellus  superior, 
tended,  bg  Obturator  internus. 


Bartorius. 


Gemellus  inferior, 


Semi-tendinosus.  Quadratus  femoris, 

Obturator  externus, 
Psoas  magnus, 
iliacus. 
Adductor  longus, 

*•       brevis, 

"       magnus, 
Biceps  cruris,  slightly. 

THB  USG  18  MOVED 
Backwards,  or  fioxod,  bf  ExUndad  bf 

Semi-tendinosus,  Rectus, 

Biceps,  Crureus, 

Bemi-membranosus,  Vastus  externus, 
Gracilis,  M      internus. 

Bartorius, 
Popliteus. 

THB  FOOT  18  MOVED 
Forward*,  or  fioxad,  bf       Backward*,  or  oxtondad  bf         HtUnod  toward*  bf  Outward*  bf 

Tibialis  anticus,  Gastrocnemius,  Extensor  proprius  pollicis,    Peroneus  longus, 

Extensor  proprius  pollicis,    Plantaris,  Flexor  longus  digitorum,  "        brevis, 

Extensor    longus   digito-    Boleus,  M     longus  pollicis,  Extensor    longus   digit* 

rum.  Flexor  longus  digitorum,     Tibialis  posticus.  rum, 

Peroneus  tertius.  "     longus  pollicis,  Peroneus  tertius. 

Tibialis  posticus, 
Peroneus  longus, 
*        brevis. 

THB  T0B8  ABB  VOTBD 
Backward*,  or  jl*x*d,bf      Forward*,  or  oxtondad,  bf  hutknod  inward*  bf  Outward*  bf  j 

Abductor  pollicis.  Extensor   longus    digito-    Abductor  pollicis.  Adductor  pollicis,  I 

Flexor  brevis  digitorum,  rum,  Interossei.  »       digiti  I  *  "    " 

Abductor  minimi  digiti,       Extensor  proprius  pottleis,  Interossei. 

Flexor  longus  pollicis,  «       brevis  digitorum. 

"     digitorum, 
"      acee8sorius, 

Lumbricales, 

Flexor  brevis  pollicis, 

Adductor  pollicis, 

Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
git!, 

Interossei 


MUSCLE  CANIN 


*80 


MUSCULOCUTANEOUS 


Muscles  have  been  variously  named.  1.  Ac- 
cording to  their  uses,  as  diaphragm,  buccinator, 
extensors,  flexors,  adductors,  abductors,  levators, 
depressors,  Ac  2.  According  to  their  petition, 
as  interspinales,  interossei,  subclavius,  poplitaeus, 
anconeus,  cubitalis,  iUacus, .  temporalis,  Ac  3. 
According  to  their  shape,  as  trapezius,  splenius, 
lumbricalis,  serratus,  digastric,  deltoid,  scalenus, 
rhomboides,  Ac.  4.  According  to  their  dimen- 
sion*, as  pectoralis  major,  rectus  capitis  anticus 
major,  pectoralis  minor,  gluteus  maximus,  me- 
dius,  and  minimus.  5.  According  to  their  direc- 
tion, as  obliquus  abdominis,  transversalis  abdo- 
minis, rectus  femoris,  rectus  abdominis,  Ac.  6. 
According  to  their  composition,  as  semi-membra- 
nosus,  semi-tendinosus,  complexus,  Ac  7.  Ac- 
cording to  their  attachments,  or  the  different 
points  of  the  skeleton  to  which  they  are  connect- 
ed by  means  of  tendons  or  aponeuroses;  as 
sterno-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  Ac 
On  this  is  grounded  the  nomenclature 'of  M.  Du- 
mas, and  that  of  Chaussier. 

The  end  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 
most  fixed  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 
head,  (F.)  Tete ;  and  that  which  adheres  to  the 
more  moveable  part,  the  insertion  or  tail,  (F.) 
Queue  ;  the  intervening  part  or  body  of  the  mus- 
cle being  called  the  venter  or  belly,  Venter  mus'- 
culi,  Me'dium  mus'culi :  hence  the  names  gostro- 
cnemii,  digastricus,  biceps,  and  triceps ;  accord- 
ing as  they  have  two  bellies,  two  or  three  heads, 
Ac. 

Muscles  are  formed,  —  1.  Essentially  of  the 
muscular  or  fleshy  fibre,  (see  Muscular  Fibre.) 
2.  Of  Areolar  tissue,  which  unites  together  the 
fibres.  This  areolar  tissue  is  not  very  visible 
between  the  fine  and  loose  fibres ;  but  becomes 
more  so,  when  they  unite  in  more  considerable 
fasciculi.  It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle,  an 
external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the  neigh- 
bouring parts,  and  admits  of  its  motion.  This 
envelope  was  formerly  called  Tu'nica  propria 
musculorum.  3.  Of  Arteries.  These  proceed 
from  neighbouring  trunks,  and  are,  generally, 
very  large.  Their  size  and  number  are  always 
in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle.  With 
the  exception  of  some  viscera,  as  the  lungs  and 
the  kidneys,  there  are  few  organs  that  receive  as 
much  blood  as  the  muscles.  4.  Of  Veins,  They 
follow  the  same  course  in  the  muscles  as  the  ar- 
teries. Bichat  asserts  that  they  are  generally 
devoid  of  valves.  5.  Of  Lymphatics.  Of  these 
we  know  little,  and  cannot  easily  follow  them 
between  the  fleshy  fibres.  6.  Of  Nerves.  These 
are  numerous,  and  of  different  sixes.  They,  al- 
most all,  proceed  from  the  encephalon;  soma, 
however,  issue  from  ganglions,  and  accompany 
the  arteries.  In  general,  they  penetrate  the 
fleshy  tissue  along  with  the  vessels,  to  which 
they  are  narrowly  united.  After  they  have  en- 
tered the  muscles,  they  divide  and  subdivide 
until  they  are  lost  sight  o£ 

MUSCLE  CANIN,  Levator  anguli  oris— m. 
Canncli,  Ischio-trocbanterianus. 

Muscle  of  Gavard.  The  oblique  m^t 
fibres  of  the  stomach. 

MUSULE  GRAND  FES8IER,  €Uet»os  ma- 
jor— m.  of  Guthrie,  Compressor  Urethra — m.  of 
Horner,  Tensor  Tarsi — m.  of  Houston,  Compres- 
sor venss  doraalis  penis  —  m.  tree  Large  du  dos, 
Latissimus  dorsi — m.  of  Wilson,  Compressor  ure- 
thra. 

MUS'CULAR,  Museuia'ris,  Musculo' sus,  Toro'- 
§us\  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  mus- 
cles.   Well  furnished  with  muscles. 

Muscular  Ar'tbribs.  Arteries  that  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles.  The  name,  Muscular 
Arteries  of  ik*  eye,  has  been  especially  given  to 


two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalmic  artery: 
— the  one,  inferior,  which  furnishes  branches  to 
the  reotus  inferior  oculi,  lachrymal  sac,  Ac,  and 
some  of  the  anterior  ciliary  arteries :  the  other 
— the  superior,  which  is  sometimes  wanting;  bat, 
when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the  rectus  su- 
perior oculi  and  levator  palpebne  superioris. 

Muscular  'Coxtrao'tioh.  The  exertion  of  the 
power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening  them- 
selves, or  of  contracting  to  produce  motion  : — 
muscular  motion  being  the  change  in  the  situa- 
tion and  relation  of  organs,  induced  by  muscular 
contraction.  When  a  muscle  contracts,  its  fibres 
assume  more  the  zigzag  direction,  and  the  extre- 
mities approximate ;  but  the  bulk  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  not  augmented.  This  contraction  takes 
place,  at  times,  with  extreme  velocity:  a  single 
thrill,  in  the  letter  R,  eon  be  pronounced  in  the 
l-30,000th  part  of  a  minute.  The  force  of  eon- 
traction,  Myody'namis,  depends  upon  the  healthy 
physical  condition  of  the  muscle,  combined  with 
due  energy  of  the  brain.  The  duration,  in  vo- 
luntary motion,  is  for  a  certain  time  dependent 
upon  the  will : — contractions,  excited  involunta- 
rily, cannot  be  so  long  maintained. 

Muscular  Fibre,  Fleshy  fibre,  Filum  mwecm- 
la're,  Fibril'la  museuia'ris.  A  name  .given  to 
the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy,  linear, 
little  elastic,  more  or  less  red ;  and  arranged  in 
zigzag  according  to  its  length,  which  is  variable. 
It  is  firmer  in  adults  than  in  the  young  or  the 
aged ;  of  the  same  size  in  the  great  and  small 
muscles ;  and  rune  its  course  without  bifurcation 
or  ramification.  It  is  but  slightly  resisting  in  the 
dead  body,  tearing  readily;  but  during  life  it 
supports  very  great  efforts  without  laceration.  It 
is,  itself,  composed  of  a  considerable  number  of 
fibrils,  similar  to  each  other,  and  subdividing  al- 
most ad  infinitum.  The  ultimate  filaments  into 
which  the  fibre  can  bo  decomposed  by  mechani- 
cal means  seem  to  be  hollow  or  tubular.  The 
fibre  exists  under  two  forms,  the  striated  or 
striped,  and  the  non-striated,  smooth  or  vmstriped; 
the  muscles  composed  of  the  former  ministering, 
as  a  general  rule,  to  the  animal  functions,— 
the  latter  always,  perhaps,  to  the  organic.  The 
colour  of  the  muscular  fibres  is  red  in  man,  and 
white  in  several  animals.  A  greater  or  kef 
number,  —  united  in  fasciculi,  Faecic'mH  sea 
Laeer'ti  musculo' rum,  approximated  to  each  other, 
and  forming  a  distinct  mass,  of  very  variable 
size  and  shape,  the  extremities  being  attached  to 
bones  by  means  of  tendons,— constitute*  a  muscle. 
In  this  are  included  areolar  membrane,  vessrli 
and  nerves.    See  Muscle 

Muscular  Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed 
to  the  muscles  are  so  named.  Winslow  calls  tse 
4th  pair  of  nerves — Serf  musculaire  oblique  **- 
pirieur. 

Muscular  System.  A  term  given  to  the  ag- 
gregate of  the  muscles  of  the  body. 

Muscular  Veins.  These  bring  back  (he 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles  ey 
the  muscular  arteries. 

MUSCULARIS,  Corroborant 

MUSCULATION,  see  Locomotion. 

MUSCULI  ACCESSORII  AD  SACRO-LUM- 
BALEM,  see  Socro-lombalis — m.  PapiUares,  Co- 
lumns) carnese — m.  Peetinati,  Pectinated  mnscka 

MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  iftuWo-eaftr*- 
neus,  from  musculus, ' a  muscle/  and  cutis,  'skin.' 
That  which  appertains  to  muscles  and  skin. 

Musculocutaneous  Nervr.  This  name  k 
especially  given  to  two  nerves;  —  the  om,  the 
External  cutaneous  nerve,  famished  by  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous : — )  the  other,  given 
off  from  the  poplitmus  externa*,  (F.)  Ner/Seie*- 


MTJSCTJLO-RACHlDiEUS 


581 


MTCB 


iftjs,  PopUtf  ecrterne,  PrtHbio  digital,  (Ch.)  It 
descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
leg, — at  first,  hid  among  the  muscles;  becomes 
superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg ;  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  pass  superficially 
on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Two  mosculo-cutaneous 
nerves — superior  and  inferior — proceed  from  the 
first  lumbar.  The  euperior  tnuicvlo-cutaneous — 
il'io-ecrotal,  il'io-hypogae'trieu* —  which  divides 
into  two  branches, — abdominal  and  scrotal.  The 
inferior  mueculo-cutaneou*  is  smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  is  distributed  as  its  name,  ifio-in'- 
guinal,  indicates. 

MUSCULO-RACHIDJE'US.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating  to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name  given 
to  branches,  furnished  behind  by  the  intercostal, 
lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles  of  the 
neighbourhood. 

MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my- 
oides. 
MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial  nerve. 
MUSCULOSUS,  Muscular. 
MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  internus 
abdominis — m.  Auxiliaries,  Pyramidalis  abdomi- 
nis— m.  Oonstriotorius,  Sphincter— m.  Gutaneus, 
Platysma  myoidee — m.  Eustaohii,  Lazator  tym- 
pani — m.  Fallopii,  Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m. 
Femoris  membranosus,  Fasoia  lata—  m.  Patientiss, 
Levator  scapulae — m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii 
inferioris-rm.  Pyxoides  terrestris,  Lichen  pyxi- 
datus— m.  Scandularius,  Parathenar— m.  Subcu- 
taneus,  Platysma  myoides — m.  Succenturiatus, 
Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m.  Succingens,  Dia- 
phragm—  m.  Supereilii,  Corrugator  supercilii — 
m.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m.  Testis,  Cremaster 
—  m.  Tubae  noves,  Ciroumflexus. 

MUSGUS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus  — 
Caainus,  Lichen  caninus — m.  Catharticus,  Lyco- 
podium  selago  —  m.  Clavatus,  Lyoopodium  —  m. 
Corallinus,  Coraliina  Corsicana  —  m.  Cranii  hu- 
mani,  Lichen  sazatilis — m.  Ereotus,  Lycopodium 
selago — m.  Helminthooortos,  Coraliina  Corsicana 
— in.  Islandicus,  Lichen  islandious — m.  Marinas, 
Coraliina  Corsicana — m.  Maritimus,  Coraliina — 
m.  Pulmonarius  queroinus,  Lichen  pulmonarius 
— m.  Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyzldatus — m.  Villosus, 
Peris  troina, 
MUSEAU  DE  TANCHE,  Os uteri 
MUSEUM  ANATOM'ICUM,  Supel'lex  ana- 
torn' ica.    An  anatomical  museum. 
MUSHROOM,  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  Mu'aica,  (F.)  Mueique,  from  fiovca, 
muea,  'a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  cadenced  sounds ;  an  art,  which  has, 
at  times,  been  beneficially  used  in  diseases,  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  mind ;  or  on  which  the 
mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'NIA,  Mwoma'nia,   from  awte, 
and  mania,    A  variety  of  monomania  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 
MUSING,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
'      MUSI  QUE,  Music 

MUSK,  Motchue,  Motch  (Arab.),  (F.)  Mute. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour :  solid,  and  enclosed  in  a  sac  found  near 
the  anus  of  the  Moechue  moschif'erut  or  Mutk 
Deer.  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  and  antispas- 
modic properties.    Dose,  gr.  v  to  3j  in  bolus. 

Musk,  Artific"ial,  Moechue  factW'iue,  Reei'- 

na  Sue'cini.     (01.  euccini  recti/.'  1  part,  aeid. 

nitric.  4  parts.    Digest ; — a  black  matter  will  be 

deposited,  which  must  be  well  washed  with  water.) 

MUSKGRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomitorius. 

MUSK  MALLOW,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKROOT,  SumbuL 


MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKWOOD,  Thymiama. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomania, 

MUSQUITO,  Mosquito. 

MUSSiEN'DA  FR0ND0'SA,J?eJt77a,BeZe'*c«i. 
A  decoction  of  this  plant  has  been  esteemed  re- 
frigerant 

MUSSEL,  Mytflus  edulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  Mu-ita'tion,  from  mueeitare, 
itself  from  mueearc,  *  to  murmur/  A  condition, 
in  which  the  tongue  and  lips  move,  as  in  the  act 
of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being  produced. 
This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfavourable  sign 
in  disease,  as  indicating  great  cerebral  debility. 

MUSTA'CEUM:  from  Muetacea,  a  kind  of 
laurus  used  in  making  it  A  kind  of  wedding- 
cake  used  by  the  ancients,  which  consisted  of 
meal,  aniseed,  cummin,  and  several  other  aroma- 
tics  ;  its  object—it  has  been  oonceived — being  to 
prevent  or  remove  the  indigestion  occasioned  by 
too  great  indulgence  at  the  marriage  feast 

MUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis  —  m.  Clammy, 
Polanisia  graveolens  —  m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — m.  False,  Polanisia  graveo- 
lens—  m.  Hedge,  Erysimum  —  m.  Mitbridate, 
Thlaspi  oampestre  —  m.  Stinking  hedge,  Alliaria 
— m.  Treacle,  Thlaspi  arvense  —  m.  White,  Sina- 
pis alba — m.  Wild,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

MU8TELANEUS,  Galeancon. 

MUSTUM,  Wort 

MUTACIS'MUS,  Mu'tariem,  from  **ra*i*», 
'I  use  the  letter  m  too  frequently.'  A  vicious 
pronunciation;  consisting,  according  to  Sauvages, 
in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters  b,  p,  and 
v,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTA'TIO  6EX0S.  A  change  or  conversion 
of  sex.  A  notion  prevailed  in  antiquity  that 
such  a  conversion  was  possible. 

MUTEO'SIS.  Under  this  name  is  compre- 
hended every  phenomenon  of  expression,  volun- 
tary and  involuntary,  which  impresses  the  sight 
or  touch. 

MUTILA'TION,  Muiila'tio,  Maiming,  from 
mutilue,  *  broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the  body. 
In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been  punished 
with  severity. 

MUTINUS,  Penis. 

MUTISME,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  mutes,  'dumb.'  Obtumeeeen'tia, 
Ala'lia,  Anau'dioy  Dumbnem,  Speeek'letenen,  (F.) 
Mutieme,  MutiU.  Impossibility  of  articulating 
sounds ;  although  they  can  be  elicited.  Dumb- 
ness is  often  congenital,  and  united  with  deaf- 
ness, of  which  it  is  an  effect  In  some  eases  it  is 
accidental. 

Mutitas  SuftDo'nirif,  Aphonia  Surdorum,  Sur- 
domu'tita*,  Deaf-dumbnem.  Speechlessness  from 
deafness ;  congenital,  or  produced  during  infanoy. 
The  subjects  of  this  affection  are  called  deaf- 
dumb,  (F.)  Sourdt-mutt*. 

MUTlTt,  Mutitas. 

MUTO,  Penis. 

MUTONIATUS,  Membrosus. 

MUTTERKORN,  Ergot 

MUTTON  TEA.  Prepared  from  a  pound  of 
mutton,  freed  from  the  fat  and  cut  into  thin  sHees ; 
and  a  pint  and  a  half  of  boiling  soft  water  poured 
over  them,  as  in  the  ease  of  beef  tea ;  except  that 
it  requires  to  be  boiled  for  half  an  hour  after  the*' 
maceration,  before  it  is  strained  through  a  sieve. 

MUTUNNUS,  Priapus. 

MYACANTHA?  Rosens. 

MYALGIA,  Cramp. 

MYASTHENIA,  from  ««*  'a  : 
aaScvua,  'debility/    Muaoular  debility. 

MYCE,  Occlusion. 


MTOBS 


MS 


MYOLEMMA 


MYCES,  Fungus. 
MYCHMUS,  Suspirium. 
MYCHTHISMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 
MYCODERM'A,  My'coderm;   from  «u«w,  'a 
mushroom,'  and  itppa,  '  skin.'    A  cryptogamous 
growth,  which  constitutes  the  crusts  of  favus. 
Bee  Porrigo  favosa. 
Mycodbrma  Cbrkvisls,  Torula  oerevisiae. 
MYCODES,  Fungoid. 

MYCORTHOPNCE'A ;    from   /n>*oj,   'mucus/ 
and   opdovvoia,  'difficulty  of  breathing  except 
when  in  the  erect  attitude.'    Orthopncea  from 
excessive  secretion  of  mucus  in  the  air-passages 
—~Ortkopnoe'a  pituito'ta, 
MYCOSIS,  Fungus. 
MYCTERES,  Myxs,  Nares. 
MYCTEROPHONIA,  Rhinophonia. 
MYCTEROXE'ROTES;  from  uvtrvftt,   'the 
nares/  and  fapoTrx,  '  dryness.'    Na'rium  tic'eitat. 
Dryness  of  the  interior  of  the  nose. 

MYCUS,  Mucus. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  /w&au,  'I  abound  with  mois- 
ture.' In  its  most  general  sense,  it  means  cor- 
ruption. By  some,  it  is  used  for  a  mucous  dis- 
charge from  inflamed  eyelids. 

MYDON,  fiviutv.  Same  etymon.  Fungous -or 
putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers.  —  Pollux. 
Also,  flesh  putrid  from  mouldiness. 

MYDRI'ASIS,  Platycor'ia,  Platycori'ati*, 
Amydri'atit.  A  name  given  by  several  writers 
to  morbid  dilatation  of  the  pupil ;  and,  by  others, 
to  weakness  of  sight,  produced  by  hy  anophthalmia; 
from  ftviott  'moisture/ 

MYDRIAT'ICUS,  Mydriatic  Relating  to  or 
causing  dilatation  of  the  pupil.    Pereira. 

MYELAL'GIA;  from  uvtXos,  'the  spinal  mar- 
row/ and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

MYELAPOPLEXIA,  Apoplexia  myelitioa. 

MYELATELI'A;  from  jjvcAo*  'the  spinal 
marrow/  and  artXua,  'want  of  end  or  finish.' 
Incompleteness  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELATROPHIA,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

MY^LITE,  Myelitis. 

MYELI'TIS,  M.  parenchymato'ta,  M.  spina' lit, 
>  Inflamma'tio  medul'lct  tpina'lit,  Spini'titf  Spino- 
dorti'tit,  NotomyelVtit,  Rachiomyeli'tit,  RachiaU 
gi'tit,  (of  some,)  (F.)  Afytlite,  Inflammation  de  la 
motile  Spiniere  ou  raehidienne,  from  ftvcXot,  'the 
marrow/  and  itit,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  spinal  marrow  or  its  mem- 
branes ; — indicated  by  deep-seated  burning  pain 
in  the  spine,  with  various  nervous  and  vascular 
irregularities  of  function.  It  is  not  common. 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  proposes  to  call  inflamma- 
tion of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  Meningitis; 
that  of  the  substance  of  the  brain  Myelitis. 

Myelitis  Spinalis,  Myelitis — m.  Exsudativa, 
Hydrorachis  —  m.  Parenchymatosa,  Myelitis. 

MYELOCHYSIS,  Hydrorachis. 

MYELOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera  (sporadic.) 

MYELOMA,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOMALACIA,  Momtiesmedullae  spinalis. 

MYELOMYCES,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELON,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

MYELOPHTHISIC  Tabes  dorsalis— m.  Sicca, 
Tabes  mesenteric*. 

MYELOPHY'MATA,  Tuber1  cula  medulla  tpi- 
na'lit, from  ftvtXoe,  'marrow/  and  eyvpa,  *  a  tuber- 
cle.'   Tubercles  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELORRHAGIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELOSPONGUS,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELUS,  Marrow,  Medulla  spinalis— m.  Di- 
auchenius,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Dorsites,  Me- 
dulla spinalis — m.  Notissus,  Medulla  spinalis — 
I*.  Psoitez,  Medulla  spinalis. 


MYENERGFA,  from  jror,  *  a  muscle,'  cp,  as** 
tfyov, '  work.'    Muscular  atrengtiL 
MYGMUS,  Suspirium. 
MYIOCEPHALUM,  Staphyloma. 
MYIODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYITIS,  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acuta. 
MYLACRI,  Molar  teeth. 
MYLACRIS,  Patella. 
MYLE,  Patella,  Mole. 
MYLICUS,  Molar. 
MYLODI,  Molar  teeth. 
MYLODONTES,  Molar  teeth. 
MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  piA*  'the  jaw/  and 
yX»0va,  'the  tongue.'    Winslow  has  given  this 
name  to  muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the  lower  jaw, 
and  from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tongue  to 
the  parietes  of  the  pharynx.   These  fibres  belong 
to  the  constrictor  superior  pharyngis. 

MYLO-HYOID  LINE,  see  Mylo-hyoideus. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Furrow  or  Groove.  A  furrow 
which  passes  from  the  superior  orifice  of  the  in- 
ferior dental  canal  of  the  lower  jaw.in  the  same 
direction  as  the  canal,  and  lodges  the  mylo-kyoid 
nerve,  a  branch  of  the  inferior-dental. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Nxrvb,  see  Mylo-hyoid  farrow. 

MYLO-HYOIDEUS,  from  pvA*  '  the  jaw/  and 
'vottlm,  'the  os  hyoides.'  Myluo'det,  (F.)  Mylc- 
hyoldien.  The  Mylo-pharyngeus  of  Morgagnl 
and  Santorim.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the 
upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck,  behind  the 
lower  jaw.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  truncated  triangle.  It  arises  from  the  inter- 
nal  oblique,  internal  maxillary  or  mylo-hyoid  lint 
of  the  lower  jaw  bone,  and  is  inserted  at  the  fore 
part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  Its  innermost 
fibres  unite  with  those  of  the  opposite  aide  to 
form  a  raphe  on  the  median  line.  The  mylo- 
hyoideus  raises  the  os  hyoides  and  carries  it  for- 
ward, or  it  depresses  the  lower  jaw. 

MYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pharyn- 
gis, Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYOCARDITIS,  Carditis. 

MYOCEPHALFTIS,  Myi'ti*  cephalic*  ;  froa 
fivs,  or  ftvuv,  '  a  muscle/  xcftaXi?,  '  head,'  and  i'im, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
muscles  of  the  head. 

MYOCEPHALON,  Staphyloma. 

MYOCCELIAL'GIA,  from  fiv«w, '  muscle,'  tmhm, 
'abdomen/  and  aXyttt,  'I  suffer.'  Pain  in  the 
muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

MYOCCELI'TIS,  MyoccelU'tit,  Infiamma'tit 
musculo' rum  abdomina'lium,  from  /tvw,  *  muscle/ 
iroiXia,  'lower  belly/  and  itit,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

MYODEOP'SIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYO'DES,  from  /w,  'a  muscle/  and  caJ*,  're- 
semblance.'   Like  unto  muscle.    Muscular. 

MYODESOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYODYNA'MIA,  Vit  mutcula'rit ;  from  p* 
'a  muscle/  and  iwapif,  'power.'  The  force  or 
power  of  a  muscle. 

MYODYNAMICS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 

MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYNIA,  from  jiiwr,  'muscle/  and  •*•** 
'  pain.'  Pain  in  the  muscles, — rheumatism*!  «r 
other.    Rheumatism* 

Myodynia  Inflammatory,  Myositis. 

MYOGRAPHY,   Myogra'phia,  from 
'muscle/  and  ypatpciv,  'to  describe.*    An  a 
mical  description  of  the  muscles. 

MYOLEM'MA,  lfyoU'ma,  from  pwvt  'amut- 
ole/  and  At/po,  'a  coat'    The  membranous  tabs 


MYOLINB 


fitt 


MYB0BA1ANUS 


•fes^  muscular  fibre.  It  has  also  the  same  sig- 
nification as  Sarcolcmma, 

MY'OLINE,  from  pv»v,  'a  muscle.'  A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
substance  that  fills  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives, 
by  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate  muscu- 
lar fibril. 

MYOL'OGY,  Myolog"iaf  Sarcolog'ia,  MyrioU 
og"ia;  from  pvtav,  'a  muscle/  and  Xoyos,  'a  dis- 
course.' That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of 
the  muscles. 

MYON,  Musole. 

MYONARCO'SIS,  from  /row*,  'a  muscle/  and 
papKT),  '  stupor/    Numbness  of  the  muscles. 

MYONITIS,  Myositis. 

MYON'OSUS,  Myonu'sos,  Myopathia,  from 
p*«ir,  '  a  muscle/  and  vocot,  '  disease.'  A  disease 
of  the  muscles. 

MYOPALMUS,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

MYOPATHIA,  Myonosus. 

MYOPE,  Myops. 

MYOPHO'NIA,  from  pot**,  'a  muscle/  and 
fwnf,  'voice.'  The  sound  of  muscular  contrac- 
tion, —  as  that  of  the  ventricles  of  the  heart,  du- 
ring the  systole  of  that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,  My  opt' atia,  Lusdos'itae,  Myo*sis, 
Parop'sis  propin'qua,  Amblyopia  dissito'rumf 
Dyso'pia  dissito'rum,  Dyspho'tia,  Visus  ju'venum, 
from  /tow, '  I  close/  or  from  uvs,  '  a  mouse/  and 
m\p,  '  the  eye  /  My'opy,  Short-sightedness,  Near- 
sightedness, Mouse-right,  Purblindness,  (F.)  Vue 
eourte.  Persons  who  can  only  see  objects  very 
near.  The  defect  is  owing  to  the  too  great  con- 
vexity of  the  eye,  or  too  great  density  of  the  hu- 
mours, and  is  palliated  by  wearing  concave  glasses. 

MYOPI'C,  Myop'icus ;  same  etymon.  Short- 
righted,  Poreblind,  Purblind,  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  myopia. 

MYOPODIORTHO'TICON,  from  pwxp,  'one 
that  is  short-sighted/  and  &iop$u>tikov,  'having 
power  to  correct.'  An  apparatus  for  the  cure  of 
short-sightedness. — A.  A.  Berthold. 

MYOPS,  Lusrio'sus,  Myo'pus,  My'ope.  Same 
etymon.  One  affected  with  myopia  or  short- 
sightedness. 

MYOPY,  Myopia. 

MYORRHEXIS,  from  pnt,  'a  muscle/  and 
prints,  '  rupture.'    Rupture  of  a  muscle. 

MYO'SIS,  from  uw,  'I  close/  Microcoria, 
Smallness  of  the  pupil.  Phthi'sis  pupilla'ris. 
Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil.  It  is  usually 
caused  by  iritis,  and  is  extremely  difficult  to  cure. 
When  it  exists  to  such  an  extent  as  to  obliterate 
the  pupil,  it  is  called  Synthesis.    Also,  Myopia. 

MYOSIT&,  Myositis. 

MYOSIT'IC;  Myoritricu9t  from  My  oris. 
Causing  contraction  of  the  pupil,  —  as  opium.  — 
Pereira. 

MYOSFTIS,  Myi'tis,  Mysi'tis,  Myoni'tis,Sarci'- 
tis,  Mheumatis'mus  phUgmono' dcs,  Myodyn'ia  in- 
flammato'ria,  Phlegma'sia  myolca,  Inflammatio 
sou  Phleg'moni  Musculo' rum,  (F.)  Myosite,  In- 
flammation dc$  muscle*,  from  /ivwv,  'a  muscle.' 
A  name  proposed  by  Sagar  for  inflammation  of 
the  muscles.    Also,  Rheumatism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieraoium  pilosella,  Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOSPASMUS,  Cramp. 

MYOTILITY,  MyoHl'itas,  from  pv<*v,  'a  mus- 
cle.'   Muscular  contractility.  —  Chaussier. 

MYOTOMY,  Myotom'ia,  from  /ivwr,  'a  mus- 
cle/ and  tiuvuv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the 
muscles.  Also,  the  surgical  operation  of  the 
division  of  muscles  to  remove  deformity. 
MYOTYRBE,  Chorea. 


MYRAC'OPUM,  from  smpw,  'an  ointment/ 
and  fforo$,  'fatigue.'  An  ointment  used  by  the 
ancients  in  cases  of  fatigue. 

MYREPSUS,  Unguentarius. 

MYR'IAGRAMME,  from  uvpia,  '10,000/  and 
y^auua,  'gramme.'  A  weight  equal  to  10,000 
grammes,  or  to  26  pounds,  9  ounces,  and  0 
drachms  Trov. 

MYRIAMETRE.  A  measure  of  10,000  me- 
tres ;  equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  156  yards,  and 
14  inches. 

MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia  as- 
plenifolia  —  m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
and  Wax,  myrtle. 

Myri'ca  GalB,  Myrtus  Braban'tica  sen  Ange- 
lica, Myri'ca  palus'tris,  Myrtifo'lia  Bel'gica,Gali, 
Gagel,  Rhus  sylves'tris,  Ac'aron,  Elang'nus,  E% 
Cordo,  Chamalaag'nus,  Dodona'a,  Dutch  myrtle, 
Sweet  gale,  Stoeet  willow,  Candleberry  myrtle,  (F.) 
Piment  Boy  a  I,  Thf  de  Simon  Pauli,  Gale  odorant. 
Family,  Amentaces.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Tetran- 
dria.  The  leaves,  flowers,  and  seeds  have  a 
strong,  fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They 
are  used  for  destroying  moths  and  cutaneous  in- 
sects. The  infusion  is  given  internally  as  a  sto- 
machic and  vermifuge. 

Myrica  Palustris,  M.  Gale. 

MYRINGA,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRINGITIS,  Inflamma'tio  tym'pani;  from 
Myringa,  '  the  membrana  tympani  /  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mem* 
bran  a  tympani;  and,  also,  of  the  tympanum. 

MYRINX,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRIS,  Myrothe'cl,  Narthe'ria,  Narthe'rium, 
Narthex,  from  pvpov,  'a  perfumed  oil  or  ointment' 
A  perfumed  oil  or  ointment  box  or  jar. 

MYRIS'TICA,  M.  Moscha'ta,  M.  aromat'ica  sou 
officinalis  seu  fragrans,  Comacon.  Nat.  Ord. 
Myristicen.  The  tree  which  produces  the  nut- 
meg and  mace.  (F.)  Muscadier.  The  Nutmeg, 
Myristiea,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Myris'tica  nu'cleus,  Myris'- 
tiecB  moscha'ta  nu'cleus,  Nux  moscha'ta  seu  un- 
guenta'ria,  Nuris'ta,  Nux  myris'tica,  ChrysobaV- 
anus  Gale'ni,  Unguenta'ria,  As'sala,  Nux  aro- 
mat'ica, (#.)  Muscade,  is  the  seed  or  kernel.  It 
has  a  fragrant,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreeable  pun- 
gent taste,  and  is  much  used  for  culinary  pur- 
poses. Alcohol  extracts  its  active  matter.  It  has 
the  properties  of  aromatics  in  general  ,*  being  sti- 
mulant and  stomachic.  The  oil — O'leum  myris'- 
tica— possesses  the  virtues  of  the  nutmeg.  Dose 
of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  J)j ; — of  the  oil  gtt  irj  to 
gtt-vj. 

Mace,  Maris,  Maces,  Flares  maris  seu  ma'cidos, 
CF.)  FUurs  de  muscade,  is  the  involucrum  of  tho 
fruit.  It  is  membranous,  with  the  odour  and  taste 
of  the  nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  quali- 
ties. The  O'leum  maris  is  a  fragrant,  sebaceous 
substance,  expressed  in  the  East  Indies.  It  is 
only  used  externally. 

MYRISTIOffl  NUCLEUS,  see  Myristiea  mos- 
ohata. 

MYRMECIA,  Formica. 

MYRMECIASIS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIASMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  For- 
mication* 

MYRMECISMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIZON,  Formicant. 

MYRMECOSIS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formica- 
tion. 

MYRMEX,  Formica. 

MYROBAI/ANUS,  from  pv***,  'an  ointment,' 
and  flaXavos, '  a  nut ;'  so  called,  because  formerly 
used  in  ointment;  Angeloc'acos,  Myro'balan,Glan§ 
unguenta'ria,  Palma  wnguentario'rum.    A  dried 


MYRON 


584 


MTUBU8 


ladlan  fruit,  of  the  ptmn  kind,  of  different  species 
of  Termina'lia.  Of  this  there  we  several  varie- 
ties— the  M.  Bellir'ica  or  BeUiric  myrobalan,  BeU 
Ugu,  Bellerigi,  Belnileg  : —  the  M.  eheb'ula  or 
Chebule  myrob'alau;  the  M.  cifrina  or  Yellow 
myrobalan,  Ara'ra;  the  M.  Em'blica  or  emblic 
myrobalan,  and  the  M.  In'diea,  At/uar,  Indian 
or  Black  myrobalan.  All  the  myrobalans  have 
an  unpleasant,  bitterish,  very  austere  taste ;  and 
strike  an  inky  blackness  with  a  solution  of  steeL 
They  are  said  to  possess  laxative  as  well  as  as- 
tringent properties. 

MYRON,  Mymm,  Unguentum. 

MYROPISSOCE'RON.  A  topical  application 
in  alopecia,  referred  to  by  Galen;  from  ftvpov, 
*  ointment,'  xtcca, '  pitch/  and  tripos,  *  wax.' 

MYROPCEUS,  Unguentarius. 

MYRO  POLES,  Apothecary,  Ungaentarius. 

MYROSPERMUM  FRUTE8CEN8,  Myroxy- 
lam  Peraifemm — m.  Peruiferum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peroiferum. 

MYROXYLON,  see  M.  Peraifemm. 

Mtboi'tlon  pRBUir'sRirv,  Myroeperm'vm 
frutee'cene,  from  pvpor, '  an  ointment,'  and  faXov, 
'wood ;'  Caburei'ba.  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosss.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Peru'vian  babam,  BaV- 
eamum  Peruvia'num,  Putzochill,  Myrox'yli  Perui- 
ftri  bal'tamum,  Myrox'ylon,  BaUamum  Perua'- 
wmm,  Cabureiciba,  Indian,  Mexican,  or  American 
baUam,  (F.)  Bourne  de  Pirou.  This  balsam  con- 
sists of  bensoic  acid,  resin,  and  essential  oiL  Its 
odour  is  fragrant  and  aromatic;  taste  hot  and 
bitter :  it  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  miscible  in 
water  by  the  aid  of  mucilage.  It  is  stimulant  and 
tonic,  and  considered  to  be  expectorant :  as  such, 
it  has  been  employed  in  paralysis,  chronic  asthma, 
ohronio  bronohitis  and  rheumatism,  gleet,  leu- 
oorrhosa,  Ac,  and  externally,  for  cleansing  and 
stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers.  Dose  gtt.  v  to 
gtt  xxx. 

White  BaUam  of  Peru,  Natural  balsam,  BaV- 
eamum  album,  Styrax  alba,  BaUamelaon,  is  ob- 
tained by  inoision  from  Myroeper'mum  perutf*- 


Mtroxtlox  ToLumsRuic,  ToluiferaBalaamum. 

MYRRHA,  Heb.  ID ,'  Bola,  Stactt,  Ergaa'ma, 
Myrrh,  Calo'nia,  Smyrna,  Myrrha  rubra,  (F.) 
Myrrhe.  The  exudation  of  an  unknown  plant  of 
Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  be  the  BaU 
eamaden'dron  myrrha.  This  gum -resin  has  a 
fragrant,  peculiar  odour;  and  bitter  aromatic 
taste.  It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brittle,  irre- 
gular tears;  partially  soluble  in  distilled  water 
when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1.360.  It  is  stimu- 
lant; and  has  been  used  in  eachectio  affections, 
humoral  asthma,  ohronio  bronchitis,  Ac  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  #. 

Mtrrha  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRHINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRRHIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis  — 
m.  Major,  Chaarophylium  odoratum— m.  Odorata, 
Chaerophyllum  odoratum. 

MYRSINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRSINEL^B'ON,  from  /ivjxrtve,  'the myrtle,' 
and  tXatov,  '  oil.'     Oil  of  myrtle.  —  Dioscorides. 

MYRSINI'TES,  pvprivirw  Wine  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  maoerated. 

MYRTACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

MYRTE  COMMUN,  Myrtus. 

MYRTID'ANON,  fivprttavov.  An  excrescence, 
growing  on  the  trunk  of  the  myrtle,  and  used  as 
An  astringent.  Also,  a  wine  —  Vinum  Myrtid'- 
anum  —  made  from  wild  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTIFOLIA  BELGICA,  Myrica  gale. 

MYR'TIFORM,  Myrtiform'U,  Myrto'det,  from 
myrtue,  *  a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  '  shape/  Having 
the  shape  of  a  leaf  of  myrtle.    A  name  given  to 


a  muscle  (depressor  also  nasi),  to  the  fossa  ineft- 
siva ;  and  to  certain  caruncles,  Ac. 
MYRTIFORMIS,  Compressor  naris,  1 


MYRTT'TES.  A  name  given  to  a  medicine 
prepared  with  honey  and  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTLE,  Myrtus— m.  Berry,  Vacciniam  myr- 
tillus — m.  CandLeberry,  Myrica  gale — m.  Batch, 
Myrica  gale— m.  Wild,  Ruscus. 

MYRTOCHEILIDBS,  Nymphs*. 

MYRTOCHILA,  Nymphss. 

MYRTODES,  Myrtiform. 

MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYRTUS,  Myr'tue  commu'nis,  M.  commmmm 
ftal'ica,  Myrei'nl,  MyrrWnl,  The  Myrtle,  (F.) 
Myrte  Commun.  The  berries  of  this  plant  have 
been  recommended  in  alvine  and  uterine  flukes 
and  other  disorders  of  relaxation  and  debility. 
They  are  moderately  astringent  and  somewhat 
aromatic 

Mtbtus  Ahglica,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Brabsn- 
tica,  Myrica  gale. 

Mtrtub  Cartdphtlla'ta,  Calyptran'tkew  ea- 
ryophylla'ta,  Cassia  caryophyUa'ta,  CanePla  e«- 
ryophyllata,  (F.)  Capelet,  OannclU  yiroJUe.  The 
tree  whioh  is  considered  to  afford  the  Clave  bark; 
Cortex  caryophylla'tus  sen  caryophyllata.  This 
bark  is  a  warm  aromatic ;  resembling  clove  with 
an  admixture  of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with 
the  same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Mtbtus  Cartophyllus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata— m.  Leuoodendron,  Melaleuca  cajaputL 

Mtbtus  Pimeh'ta.  The  tree  which  bears  the 
Jamaica  pepper,  Pimen'tm  baceoh  Pimento  ber- 
rtet,  Pimento,  Piper  caryophytta'tum,  Coc'cmH  Hdi 
aromat'iei,  Piper  chia'pas,  Amo'mmm  pimento, 
Fructus  pimenti,  Carive,  Caryopkyflue  America' - 
nue  sen  Pimen'ta,  Piper  odora'tum  Jomaicen'si, 
Allspice,  Piper  Jamaican's*,  Piper  tabae'eum,  (F.) 
Poivre  de  Jamaique,  Tout*  (pice,  Aseourom,  The 
unripe  berries  —  Pimenta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  have  an 
aromatic  odour;  resembling  a  mixture  of  cinna- 
mon, nutmeg,  and  cloves ;  the  taste  is  pungent, 
but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other  peppers, 
this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil  — 
O'leum  Pimen'tm  —  possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been  called 
Quatre  ipicee  or  Pour  epic**.     Dose  gr.  v  to 

3u- 

MYRUM,  Myron,  pvpov.  A  perfumed  ell  or 
ointment.  A  liquid  perfume.  The  spontaneously 
exuding  juice  of  many  plants,  especially  of  that 
from  which  myrrh  is  obtained. 

MYS,  Musole. 

ItfYSIOLOGIA,  Myology. 

MYSITIS,  Myositis. 

MY6TAX,  Mastax.  The  hair  growing  on  each 
side  of  the  upper  lip  in  men.  The  muetacne  or 
mustachio,  (F.)  Moustache.    Also,  the  upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  /ivrnpuF,  'a  mystery.'  As 
arcanum,  nostrum,  or  secret  preparation  in  gene- 
ral. Also,  an  antidote  referred  to  by  Galen  and 
others. 

MYSTRON,  ftvertev.  A  Greek  measure,  which 
held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  eommo 
(F.)  Moule.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which,  i 
at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is  highly  poi- 
sonous. When  fresh,  it  is  an  agreeable,  but  not 
very  digestible  article  of  diet 

MYU'RUS,  Meiu'roe.  A  pulse  is  so  called 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  smaller 
and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail;  from  pvt,  'rat,* 
and  ovpa,  'tail.'  Pulsus  myurus  reeij/rocms,  a 
pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gradually 
weaker,  resumes,  by  degrees,  its  former  cha- 
racter. 


MTXA 


585 


NANUS 


MTXA,  Uncus,  Sebeatina. 

MYXiE,  Mycteres. 

MYXEOSIS,  Gonorrhoea  impnra. 

MYXODES,  Mucifornu 

MYXOR'RHOOS,  /tvfoppoof,  from  ;ra$i,  'mn- 
ens/  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.     Applied  to  an  infant,  that 


discharges  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  and 
saliva, 

MYXOSARCOMA,  from  p«£«,  'mucus,'  and 
#apf, '  flesh.'  A  tumour  which  is  muoooarneous ; 
partly  muoous  and  partly  fleshy. 

MYXOTER,  Nasus. 

MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


N. 


N*.  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Numero,  '  by  number.' 

NAB'ALUS  ALB  US,  Prenan'thes  serpentafria, 
White  Lettuce,  Lion'*  Foot,  Rattlesnake's  Matter, 
Rattlesnake  root.  An  indigenous  plant,  of  the 
order  Composite,  which,  with  several  other  spe- 
cies of  the  genus,  is  reputed  to  possess  the  power 
of  curing  the  bites  of  serpents.  The  root  has 
been  used  in  dysentery. 

NABOT,  Saocharum  candidum. 

NABO'THI  GLAN'DULffl,  O'md*  sen  Ova 
Nabothi  Beu  Nabothia'na,  Ova' Hum  Nabothi,  FoU 
Wculi  rotun'di  et  oblon'gi,  Vesic'ulai  seu  Bulla 
rotun'da  eervi'eis  u'teri,  Vesic'ulai  semina'Us  m«- 
lic'rum,  Corpora  alobo'sa,  Oorpus'cula  globo'sa, 
Glandula  sen  Hydat'ides  eervi'eis  uteri.  Small, 
mucous  crypts  or  follicles  situate  in  the  interstices 
of  the  dupUcatures  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from  noticing  them  in 
a  morbid  condition,  mistook  them  for  ova ;  and 
hence  they  received  the  name  Ovula  Nabothi. 

NACRA,  Nakra,  Nasa.  A  kind  of  influenza 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 

NAGRjS,  Margaritaoeous. 

NACREOUS,  Margaritaoeous. 

NiEVI,  see  Nssvus. 

NiEVUS,  Plural  Nmvi;  Nanus  mater'nus,  N. 
SigU'lum,  Nota  mater'na,  Nevus,  Mac'ula  matri'- 
eis,  M.  Mater' na  seu  matriea'les,  Nota  infan'tum, 
Lupus  varico'sus,  Stig'mata,  MetroceVides,  Con- 
genita nota,  Mother's  Marks,  Fancy  marks,  Mo- 
ther's spots,  (F.)  Bnvie,  Taehe  de  Naissanee. 
Spots  of  various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children 
when  born,  which  have  been  attributed  to  the 
influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
foetus  in  utero.  They  are  of  various  appearanoes, 
some  much  better  supplied  with  blood  than 
others.  Some  are  merely  superficial  or  stain-like 
spots:  others  are  prominent;  and  often  have 
long,  irregular  hairs  growing  from  them.  These 
have  usually  been  called  Moles,  Spili,  SpUo'ma, 
Epiehro'ses  spili,  Ac. 

When  nam  ere  superficial,  without  any  dispo- 
sition to  enlarge  or  spread,  they  need  not  be 
meddled  with :  but  all  those  that  partake  of  the 
character  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  better 
be  removed,  where  practicable. 

N^vus  Sigillum,  N&vus. 

NAFDA,  Naphtha. 

NAIL,  Sax.  nasi,  (G.)  Nag  el,  Unguis,  Onyx, 
(F.)  Ongle.  A  whitish  transparent  substance, 
similar  to  horn,  which  covers  the  dorsal  extremity 
of  the  fingers.  Three  portions  are  distinguished 
in  it;  the  extremity,  which  is  free,  at  the  end  of 
the  finger; — the  body  or  middle  portion  adherent 
by  its  inner  surface;  and  the  root,  Radix  seu 
Matrix  unguis,  In'timum  unguis.  The  last  pre- 
sents two  distinct  parte ;  the  one,  terminated  by 
a  thin,  serrated  edge,  is  buried  in  a  duplicator 
of  the  skin ;  the  other,  called  Lu'nula  seu  Semi- 
ht'nula  seu  Sele'ni  seu  Arcus  seu  ExorJtus  seu 
AnafoU  seu  AIM  do  tm'gmum,  is  whitish  and  of 


a  semilunar  shape,  and  is  situate  above  the  part 
where  the  epidermis  terminates.  The  nails  are 
composed  of  a  horny  tissue,  of  the  same  nature 
as  that  which  forms  the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales 
of  different  animals.  When  the  nail  has  been 
torn  off,  the  papillae  of  the  skin  become  covered 
by  a  soft,  whitish  lamina,  whose  consistence  gra- 
dually augments.  New  laminae  are  then  formed 
underneath,  and  give  the  nail  the  thickness  it 
ought  to  possess.  The  corneous  substance,  being 
thus  constantly  produced  at  the  extremity  of  each 
of  these  laminae,  the  whole  of  the  nail  is  pushed 
forwards,  and  it  would  grow  indefinitely,  were  it 
not  cut  or  worn  by  friction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 
of  the  fingers  against  the  impression  of  hard 
bodies.  They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold  of 
small  bodies ;  and  dividing  those  that  have  but 
little  consistence. 

NAIN,  Nanus. 

NAKRA,  Nacra. 

NANNARI,  Hemidesmus  Indious. 

NANNYBERRT,  Viburnum  lentago. 

NANOCEPH'ALUS,  from  vsme,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
KtfdXti,  '  head.'  A  monstrous  state  in  which  the 
whole  head  or  certain  of  its  parts  are  too  small, 
whilst  the  trunk  and  extremities  are  normal. 

NANOCOR'MUS,  from  vavos,  'a  dwarf/  and 
Koppos,  'a  trunk.'  A  monstrous  condition  in 
which  the  trunk  is  too  small,  whilst  the  head 
possesses  its  normal  she. 

NANOM'ELUS,  from  vavot,  'a  dwarf/  and 
ptXos,  '  a  limb.'  A  monstrous  condition  in  which 
some  part  of  an  extremity  is  too  small,  and  too 
whole  limb  too  short. 

NANOSO'MUS,  from  vavos,  'a  dwarf/  and 
9M/ia,  'body.'  Dwarf  ishness.  A  state  in  whica 
the  entire  body  with  all  its  parts  is  smaller  than 
common. 

NANUS,  Pumil'io,  Pufmilo,  Pusil'lus,  'a 
dwarf  (Pu'milus,  Pumi'lius,  'dwarfish.)  (V.) 
Nain.  One  who  is  much  below  the  usual  stature. 
The  term  is  applicable  to  all  organized  beings 
from  man  to  the  vegetable.  Trees  have  their 
dwarfs,  as4he  human  species  have  theirs.  Some 
curious  authenticated  instances  of  human  dwarfs 
are  on  record.  Bebe,  the  dwarf  of  Stanislaus, 
king  of  Poland,  was  33  inches  (French)  long, 
and  well  proportioned.  The  Polish  nobleman, 
Borwlaskl,  who  was  well  made,  clever,  and  a 
good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inches.  He  had 
a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  21.  A 
Friesland  peasant,  at  26  years  of  age,  had  at- 
tained 29  Amsterdam  inches.  G.  H.  Stb'berin, 
of  Nflrnberg,  was  under  three  feet  high  at  20, 
yet  he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents.  General  Tom  Thumb,  so  called,  was 
seen  by  the  Author  in  1847.  He  was  said  to  be 
15  years  old ;  measured  28  inches  in  height,  and 
when  weighed  at  the  mint  was  found  to  weigh 
20  pounds  and  2  onuses.    See  Pygmy. 


NAPE 


SM 


NARDUS 


JTAPE  OF  THB  NECK,  Kucha. 

NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  napellus. 

NAPfrfi  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  Nafda,  Napta,  Wapta'liue,  O'leum 
pttrcB  album;  from  a  Chaldaio  and  Syriac  word 
signifying  bitumen.  A  bituminous  substance, 
found  in  Persia,  Calabria,  Sicily,  Ac.  It  is 
liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yellowish  white  colour,  a 
smell  slightly  resembling  that  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, and  lighter  than  water.  It  resembles  pe- 
troleum in  its  properties,  and  has  been  chiefly 
used  as  an  external  application ;  although,  occa- 
sionally, as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  inhalation  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Naphtha,  Coal  Tar,  Light,  see  Anaesthetic 

Naphtha  Vitrioli,  <£ther  sulphurious — n. 
Vitrioli  camphorata,  Tinctura  setherea  campho- 
rata — n.  Vitrioli  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol 
sulphurico-sthereus  ferri — n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

NAPHTHALINE,  Naphthali'na,  Naph'thalin. 
When  ooal-tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  naph- 
thaline passes  over  after  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a 
white,  shining,  ooncrete,  crystalline  substance, 
fusible  at  176°  and  boiling  at  423°.  It  is  soluble 
ia  alcohol,  ether,  naphtha  and  the  oils,  but  inso- 
luble in  water.  It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains,  in 
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.  It  has  also 
been  used  as  an  anthelmintic ;  and,  when  made 
into  an  ointment,  in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  Ac 

NAPIFORM,  Bunioid. 

NAPIUM,  Lapsana,  Sinapis. 

NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  characters  resembles  thai 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable :  the  sirocco 
too,  which  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely  felt 
at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  for  the 
phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  indeed,  con- 
siders it  altogether  unsuitable. 

Naples,  Minbral  Waters  or.  In  the  Quarter 
Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring,  rich 
in  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  oarbonio  acid.  It 
is  mueh  used  as  an  aperient  tonic,  and  in  outane- 
•us  affections. 

Naples  Water,  Factct"ious,  (F.)  Eau  de 
NapUe,  Aqua  Neapolita'na,  Aqua  aeid'ula  hy- 
droeulphura'ta.  (Acidulous  water,  containing 
four  times  its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  Jxv,  and 
15' U  J  hgdroeulphuretted  water,  gix;  carbonate  of 
eoda,  gr.  viij ;  carbonate  of  magneeia,  gr.  x.  M. 

NAPTA,  Nanus,  Nata. 

NAPTALIUS,  Nanus. 

NAPUS,  Sinapis  —  n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis 
alba — n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

NAPY,  Sinapis. 

NARCAPHTE,  Thymiama. 

NARCAPH'THON,  NaecapK'ihon.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brought  from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  be  that  of  the  tree  which 
affords  the  olibanum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
In  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

NARCE,  Narcosis. 

NARCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

NARCISSE  FAUX,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcis- 
sus— n.  dee  Pree,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus — a. 
Sauvage,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  IT. 
feeta'lie  seu  glaucue  seu  grandiflo'rue  seu  hie- 
pan'icue  seu  major  seu  terra  Hue  seu  eyloee'trie, 
Sulboco'dium,  Peeudo-narcieeue,  Daffodil,  (F.) 
Narcieee  eauvage,  Warcine  dee  pree,  Faux  nar- 
ctste.  The  root  is  emetic  and  cathartic,  in  the 
•dose  of  £y.  The  flowers  are  antispasmodic 
Pose,  24  grains. 

BARCODES,  NarootiMt 


NAROO'SIS,  Nar^cotiem,  Near*,  Nmrem, 
Narce'ma,  Narcefeie,  from  vapee*,  'I  benumb/ 
Torpe'do,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Stupefac'tio.  The  ag- 
gregate effects  produced  by  nareotic  substanoea. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of  more 
or  less  profound  stupor;  and  constitutes,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition ;  at  others, 
it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterised  by  vertigo, 
nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apoplexy,  con- 
stant delirium,  convulsive  motions,  Ac.  Emetics 
in  strong  doses,  and  not  much  diluted  with  wa- 
ter ;  purgatives  and  glysters  are  the  first  means 
to  be  used  in  this  condition.  The  stupor  may 
afterwards  be  combated  by  the  use  of  exciting 
and  stimulating  drinks. 

Narcosis  Folliculo'ruv.  A  state  of  the 
scalp,  which  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  conceives  to 
be  dependent  upon  torpid  action  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles, and  in  which  the  scalp  and  hair  are  found 
covered  with  a  yellowish,  dirty-looking  powder, 
composed  of  an  admixture  of  granular  particles 
and  furfuraceous  scales. 

NARCOSPAS'MUS,  from  vapn,,  'stupor/  and 
exavues, '  spasm/    Stupor  combined  with  spasm. 

NARCOTIA,  Narcotine. 

NARCOTIC  POISON,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICO-ACRID,  see  Poison. 

NARCOT'ICS,  Narcot'ica,  Carotica,  Obetu- 
pefacienHxa,  Stupcfacien'tia,  Stupefa'dente,  (F.) 
StupSfactife,  Stuptjiante.  Same  etymon.  Sub- 
stances, which  have  the  property  of  stupefying; 
—  as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella- 
donna, Ac.  They  are  used  in  medicine  m 
soothing  agents  j  exerting  their  special  influence 
on  the  brain  and  tubular  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule, 
narcotics  stimulate ;  in  large,  they  act  as  seda- 
tives. The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  naroo- 
tios:  —  Aconitum,  JEtherea,  Belladonna,  Cam- 
phora,  Cannabis,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulu, 
Hyoscyamus,  Lactucarium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Stramonii  Folia,  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental  Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous  sounds, 
or  any  succession  of  monotonous  impressions.) 

NAR'COTINE,  Narcoti'na,  Afcrcof  to,  Xarto- 
tin,  Anarcoti'na,  Opia'num  ;  same  etymon ;  (F.) 
Sel  de  Diroene,  Opiane,  Sel  oVopium,  Principe 
cryetaUitable  de  Diroene,  A  solid,  white,  inodo- 
rous, and  insipid  substance ;  by  some  considered 
to  be  alkaloid;  by  others  neuter;  crystallisahle 
in  straight  prisms  with  a  rhomboidal  base ;  fusi- 
ble like  the  fats ;  soluble  in  boiling  alcohol  and 
ether,  and  scarcely  soluble  in  water.  Narcotine 
produces  all  the  unpleasant  effects  of  opium ;  but, 
at  the  same  time,  throws  the  animal  into  a  state 
of  stupor.  It  is  not  used  in  medicine,  on  account 
of  these  objections.  The  salts,  which  are  very 
bitter,  have  been  used  successfully  in  India  for 
the  cure  of  intermittent*. 

NARCOTISM,  Narcosis. 

NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidue,  Narco'de*  Af- 
fected with  stupor,  as  from  the  use  of  a  narcotic. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtic*  — n.  In- 
dies, Nardus  Indica — n.  Indien,  Nardus  Indica— 
n.  Indique,  Nardus  Indica — a.  Petit,  Aralia  nudi- 
caulis— n.  Sauvage,  Asarum. 

NARDUM  GALLICUM,  Valeriana  Ccltiea. 

NARDUS  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudicaulis 
— n.  Celtics,  Valeriana  Celtica— n.  Montana,  Asa- 
rum. 

Nardus  Ih'dica,  Spica  nardi,  Spiea  In'dica, 
Andropo'gon  nardue  seu  citriodo'rue,  Indian 
nard,  Spikenard,  The  root  of  this  plant  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  the  mithridate  and  theriaca, 
It  is  moderately  warm  and  pungent,  and  has  a 
flavour  by  no  means  disagreeable.  It  is  used  by 
the  Orientals  as  a  sp;ce:— (F.)  Nard  Indien,  N. 
Jndiqme.    An  ointment  was  formerly  used,  called 


HARES 


m 


VASAL 


Unguen'tum  nardi'num.  It  wu  prepared  of  Nard, 
Malabathrum  leaves,  Oil  of  worm*,  Coetus,  Amo- 
mum,  Myrrh,  Ac,  and  was  used  m  a  detergent. 

Nardus  Rustica,  Asarum. 

NARBS,  Rhines,  CavHtas  Na'rium,  Cavum  seu 
Ca'vea  sea  Gaver'na  na'rium,  Nasus  inter1  nut, 
Mycte'res,  Na'rium  ad'itus,  Oeheteu'mata.  The 
nostrils,  (F.)  Narinee.  Two  elliptical  apertures, 
situate  beneath  the  nose,  and  separated  from 
eaeh  other  by  the  cartilaginous  upturn  sea  co- 
lum'na  nasi,  Theso  apertures  are  continually 
open,  and  give  passage  to  the  air  we  breathe,  and 
to  the  mucous  fluids  secreted  in  the  nasal  fossa). 

Nares  Ixtrrime,  Nasal  fossa. 

Nares  Posterior,  Nares  postre'm*,  Extre9- 
mm  nares,  Os'tia  posterio'ra  seu  Choa'nm  na'- 
rium, Na'rium  Ex'Uu»,  (F.)  Arrieres  narinee,  Ou- 
•ertures  posterieures  dee  fosses  nasales,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavities 
and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
t)ie  body  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  below,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  the  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum; and,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
eaeh  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFUSO'RIA,  from  nares,  'the  nostrils/ 
and  fundere,  fusum,  'to  pour.'  Medicine  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 

NARINES,  Nares. 

NARIUM  ADITUS,  Nares— n.  Siecitas,  Myc- 
teroxerotes. 

NARTHBCIA,  Formulary,  Myris. 

NARTHBCIUM,  Formulary,  Myris. 

NARTHBX,  Formulary,  Myris,  Splint— n. 
AsafoBtida,  see  Asafoettda. 

NASA,  Nacra,  Nata. 

NASAL,  Nasa'lis,  from  nam*,  'the  nose.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Artbrt.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  two 
branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery  termi- 
nates. It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  passes  above  the 
side  of  the  root  of  the  nose,  and  anastomoses  with 
the  last  extremity  of  the  facial.  Haller  gave  the 
name  nasal  to  the  spheno-palatine.  He  also 
called  the  dorsales  nasi,  furnished  by  the  exter- 
nal maxillary,  Nasa'Us  later  a' let. 

Nasal  Bowks,  One*  nasi,  Ossa  nasa'lia,  Oeeus'- 
ula  nasi,  Ossa  maxil'lm  superio'ris  quarta  seu 
quinta  seu  seeun'da,  (F.)  Oe  nasaux,  be  propres 
du  ims.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  fronds,  and  occupy  the 
space  between  the  nasal  or  angular  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Their  shape  is 
nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external  or 
eutaneoue  surface,  an  internal  or  nasal,  and  four 
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  os  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones.    They  osBify  from  a  single  point 

Nasal  Car'tilagh,  Cartila'go  triangularis 
Nasi.  A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
which  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  distin- 
guished into  the  cartilage  of  the  septum,  and  the 
lateral  cartilages.  This  cartilage  is  continuous, 
above,  with  the  ossa  nasi,  and,  inferiorly,  with 
membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form  the  sup- 
ple and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils.  They  are 
two  in  number— the  one  before,  the  other  behind. 
Nasal  Duct,  Lachrymal  duet — n.  Eminence. 
Mesophryon. 

Nasal  Fossa,  Oavi  na'rium,  Nares  inter'nm. 
Two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  between 
the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  lined  by 
the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane.  These 
cavities  have  no  communication  with  each  other; 
but  the  various  sinuses  in  the  neighbouring  bones 


—the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior  maxillary; 
Ac— all  communicate  with  them.  The  general 
cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by  the  ossa  spon- 
giosa  into  three  meatus  or  passages,  which  run 
from  before  backwards.  1.  The  Meatus  narium 
superior,  placed  at  the  upper,  inner,  and  back 
part  of  the  superior  spongy  bone.  2.  The  Mea- 
tus me' dius,  situate  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior spongy  bones;  and  3.  The  Meatus  infe- 
rior, situate  between  the  inferior  spongy  bone 
and  the  bottom  of  the  nose.  The  Schneide- 
rian membrane  receives  the  first  pair  of  nerves, 
and  various  branches  from  the  fifth  pair.  The 
arteries  are  furnished  by  the  branches  of  the  in- 
ternal maxillary,  known  under  the  names  of 
spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  superior  alveolar, 
palatine,  pterygopalatine ;  by  the  supra-orbitar, 
and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  artery, 
by  the  internal  carotid,  superior  labial,  and  dor- 
sales  nasi.  Its  veins  are  little  known,  and  gene* 
rally  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries.  The  lym- 
phatics are  almost  unknown.  The  nasal  fossa) 
are  the  seat  of  smell ;  they  aid,  also,  in  reparation 
and  phonation. 
Nasal  Meatus,  see  Nasal  fossae. 
Nasal  Mucus,  Mucus  na'rium,  Phlegma  nat- 
rium crassum,  Mucor  seu  Pitui'ta  seu  Blenna  seu 
Lympha  muculen'ta  na'rium,  Apomyx'ia,  vulgarly 
called  Snot,  (F.)  Morve,  is  the  mucus  secreted  by 
the  Schneiderian  membrane. 

Nasal  Nkrtr,  Naso-palpfbral  (Ch.),  Naso* 
ocula'ris  (Sdmmering),  Naso-cilia'ris.  One  of 
the  three  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fis- 
sure, passes  along  the  inner  paries  of  that  cavity, 
and  divides,  opposite  the  internal  and  anterior 
orbitar  foramen,  into  two  branches.  1.  The  in- 
ternal and  posterior,  which  passes  into  the  Fora- 
men orbitarium  internum  anterius,  enters  the  cra- 
nium beneath  the  dura  mater,  and  passes  into  the 
nasal  fossa),  through  an  aperture  at  the  side  of 
the  Crista  gallu  It  afterwards  divides  into  seve- 
ral filaments :  one  of  them  —  the  Naeo-lobar,  of 
Chaussier — is  very  small,  and  descends  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  os  nasi,  and  ramifies  on 
the  integuments  o^  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  ter- 
minates near  the  septum ;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae.  2.  The  other 
is  external  and  anterior,  and  is  called  the  external 
nasal  nerve.  It  is  distributed  to  the  outside  of 
the  orbit  Before  dividing,  the  nasal  nerve  com- 
municates with  the  ophthalmio  ganglion,  and 
gives  off  two  or  three  ciliary  nerves :  the  Poste- 
rior Nasal  Nerve.  Sommering  has  given  this 
name  to  the  nerves,  which  arise  from  the  inter- 
nal part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 

Nasal  Notch,  (F,)  J§ckancrure  nasale,  A 
semicircular  notch,  situate  between  the  nasal 
prominence  of  the  frontal  bone,  and  articulated 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  nasal  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 
Nasal  Process,  Maxillary  bone,  superior. 
Nasal  Proh'wexce,  (F.)  Bosse  nasale.  A 
prominence,  situate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  os  frontis,  between  the  two 
superciliary  arches. 

Nasal  Rzeiov,  Re'gio  nasa'lis.  The  region 
of  the  nose. 
Nasal  Spots.  These  are  three  in  number. 
1.  The  Supe'rior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontia, 
occupying  the  middle  of  its  nasal  notch,  and  ar- 
ticulated before  with  the  nasal  bones,  behind 
with  the  ethmoid.  2.  The  infe'rior  and  ante'rior 
nasal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the  nasal  fossae.  It  is  formed 
by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones ;  jind  3.  The 
infe'rior  and  posts' rior  nasal  spine,  jSpine  guttu- 
rals (Ch.),  a  process,  formed  on  the  modiaa  line 


fjjr  fee  two  palate 
the  palatine  well. 

VA3ALE,  Errhine. 

HAS  ALLS,  Compressor 

Xasa'lis  La'bu  Scrnnio'iiif.  A  small  mus- 
cular flip,  which  raoi  up  from  the  middle  of  the 
orbicularis  sad  the  iip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
tie*  exactly  in  the  farrow,  and  is  occasionally  a 
levats/r  of  the  upper  Up,  or  a  depressor  of  the  tip 
of  the  nose. 

NA8AS,  Nata. 

K  AS  AT  US,  Membrosue. 

N  AS'C  ALE.  A  kind  of  pessary,  made  of  wool 
or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced  into 
the  vagina,  after  being  Impregnated  with  oil, 
ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 

NA8CAPHTH0N,  Narcarphthon. 

NABbA,  Nata. 

NASI,  tee  Oryza. 

N  A  SIT  AS,  Rhinopbonia. 

NAS1TIS,  Rhinitis— n.  Postiea,  Angina  nasalis. 

NASO,  JVWim,  from  nan*,1  the  nose.'  One 
who  has  a  long  none. 

NASOCILIARY  (Nervus),  Nasal  nerri 

NASO-LA'BIAL,  Naso-labiali* ;  from 
'the  nose/  and  labium,  'a  Up.'    Relating  to  the 
nose  and  lip. 

Naso-Lasial  Lira.  A  line  or  farrow,  which 
separates  the  lip  from  the  cheek,  and  commences 
at  the  ala  nasi. 

NASO-LABIA'LIS.  A  muscular  fasciculus 
described  by  Albinos,  which  arises  from  the  an- 
terior  extremity  of  the  septum  nasi,  and  termi- 
nate! in  the  orbicularis  oris. 

NASO-PAL'ATINE,  Na$o-palaii'ntu.  That 
which  bclongi  to  the  nose  and  velum  palati 

Naso-Palatihb  Ganuliobt  li  situate  in  the 
foramen  palatinum  anterius.  Its  greater  extre- 
mity reccivei  the  two  naeo-palatine  branches; 
whilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
ments, which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
they  ramify  on  the  mombrane  of  the  same  name, 
anastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  palatine 
nerve. 

Naso-Palatot  Nebtb  is  famished  by  the 

Sbeno-palatine,  which  proceeds  from  the  gsn- 
„  ion  of  Meckel.  It  traverses  the  vault  of  the 
nasal  fossss,  and  prooeeds  upon  the  septum  be- 
tween the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary  membrane. 
It  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  superior  angles  of  the  naso-palatine 
ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NA80-PALP&BRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTA,  Nate, 

NASTURTIUM  AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisym- 
brium—  n.  Aquatioum,  Cardamine  pretends,  Si- 
symbrium nasturtium — n.  Bursa  pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — n.  Hortenae,  Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indi- 
oum,  Troproolum  majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium — n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n. 
Peruvianum,  Tropseolum  majus  —  n,  Pratense, 
Cardamine  pratensls  — n.  Sativum,  Lepidium  sa- 
tivum. 

NASUM  DILATANS,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

NAB  US,  The  Nose,  Mm,  Hhi»,  Or'ganon  ol- 
factfo  seu  odora'tds  sen  olfacto' rixim,  Prononto'- 
tium  faciei,  Myxo'ter,  Emuneto'rium  cerebri, 
Snout,  {¥.)  NtM,  The  nose  is  a  pyramidal  emi- 
nence, situate  above  the  anterior  apertures  of  the 
nasal  fossa),  which  it  covers  ,*  and,  consequently, 
occupying  the  middle  and  upper  part  of  the  face, 
between  the  forehead  and  upper  lip,  the  orbits 
and  the  oheeks.  Its  lateral  surfaces  form,  by 
uniting  angularly,  a  more  or  less  prominent  line, 
called  Dorses*  seu  Ukaehu  seu  Spina  iveei,  (F.) 
0s*  •»  aes.     This  line  terminates,  anteriorly, 


XACCLKA 

hj*mUUf—L*Vmtm*.  He  aiees  are  called  Ai« 
JT«m,  Pimm*  Jfmrim,  (f.)  Ailm  dm  aen.  TW  ee- 
Immmm  is  the  iaderiar  past  of  the  paniliam  Its 
apex  or  tip  has  been  called  GUm'mimw  mmmL 

The  chief  varieties  at*  the  smear*  the  «    ' 
the  JUa  eoee,  <F.)  JTes  4 
tmmb  mams,  (P.)  Acs  ivrreamaf.    The  l 
besides  its  bones,  of  smro-rartilage,  cartilage,  1 
dee,  vessels,  s^  nerves;  and  its  nso  si  >■■  tobceo 
direct  odours  to  the  upper  past  ef  the  nasal  leesse. 

Nascs  Irrmaarra,  Narca. 

NASUTUS,  Naeo. 

NATA,  .Yalta,  Nmm,  Samim,  Jfmmm,  .Yenee, 
Napta,    A  fleshy, 
the  shape  of  the  i 

NATARON,  Natron. 

N  ATA'TIOX,  Nata'tia,  i 
mare,  'to  swim.'  Saeimmimm.  The  artiasi  of 
swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self,  or  amoving 
upon  the  water.    Swimming  uswinhlis  the  hori- 


zontal leap  in  its  physiology — the  i 
water  instead  of  air.  The  difference  between  the 
specific  gravity  of  the  human  body  and  that  of 
water  is  not  great;  so  that  but  little  exertion  is 
required  to  keep  a  part  of  the  body  above  water. 
Swimming  is  a  healthy  gymnastic  exercise,  com- 
bining the  advantages  of  bathing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana,  Not  mi*,  Sea'/Aia^Ommm, 
Glutei,  Gluti,  Qlu'tia,  Stdi'lia,  Pmai,  Mmmm,  the 
Bottom,  Backtidty  Potte'rior;  BmUoekm,  Ae^  (P.) 
Feat».  Two  round  projections,  at  the  inferior 
and  posterior  part  of  the  trunk,  on  which  we  sit. 
Amongst  the  mammalia,  man  alone  baa  the  nates 
prominent  and  round.  They  are  formed  chiefly 
by  the  skin,  and  a  thick  layer  of  areolar  tissue, 
which  covers  the  three  glutsei  muscles, 

Nates  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemin*  corpora — 
n.  et  Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

NATRIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROCREN.B,  Natropegm. 

NATRON,  Natrmm,  JVararow,  Jfiirmm,  Ana- 
trutn,  Aphronitrvm,  from  Natron,  a  lake  in  Jndsta. 
A  saline  compound,  very  abundant  in  Egypt, 
which  is  almost  wholly  formed  of  subcarbonate 
of  soda. 

NATRONIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROPE'GjE,  NatrotrJmm,  from  Natnm, 
and  *vY*if  '  a  spring.'    Soda  springs. 

NATRUM,  Natron  — n.  Chloratnm  liquidmn. 
Liquor  soda)  chlorinate) — n.  Muriatieojn,  Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of — sw 
Prmparatom,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tartari- 
xatum,  Soda,  tartrate  of — n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — n»  Nitrioum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — a. 
Oxymuriaticum,  Soda,  chloride  of — n.  Oxyphes 
phorodes,  Soda,  phosphate  of — n.  ScUphuricua, 
Soda,  sulphate  o£ 

NATTA,  Nata. 

NATUL^,  Nates. 

NATU'RA,  fromnosct,  'to  be  bom  or  arise.1 
PhytiM.    Nature.    Also,  genital  organs. 

Natu'ra  Morbi.  The  essence  or  condition  of 
a  disease. 

NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

NATURALIA,  Genital  organs. 

NA'TURISM,  Nut'mraliun.  A  view  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  aa  a  sage,  pre- 
scient, and  sanative  entity.  —  Nysten.  See  Ex- 
pectation. 

NA'TURIST.  A  physician  who  scrupulously 
investigates,  interprets,  and  follows  the  indica- 
tions presented  by  nature  in  the  treatsaent  of 


NAU'CLEA  GAMBIR,  Unca'ria  oasaot'r.  A 
plant  of  the  family  and  tribe  Cinchoaaeess,  a 
native  of  the  Malayan;  Peninsula  and  Indian  Ar- 
chipelago, which  yields  large  quantities  of  the 
kind  of  Catechu  known  by  the  names  Tkarrm  Jm» 


NAUSEA 


M» 


NEEDLE 


poa'tsa  and  Square  Gatecku,  and  which,  in  Indian 
commerce,  u  called  Oambeer,  It  is  a  powerful 
astringent,  muoh  used  in  tanning,  and  in  medi- 
eine,  as  a  substitute  for  the  Catechu  of  the  Acacia. 

NAU'SEA,  Nau'sia,  Nausi'asis,  Nausio'sis, 
Nau'tia,  Queasiness,  Squeasiness,  (F.)  Nauste, 
Bnvie  de  vomir;  from  vave,  navis,  'a  ship;'  be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.   Sickness.    Inclination  to  vomit. 

NAUSKA,KlUSAT'lC,(ir«saf,*p«rr9f>  'flesh.')  The 
sickness  and  vomiting,  excited,  in  some  nervous 
patients,  by  the  smallest  portion  of  animal  food. 

Naubba  Mari'na,  Morbus  nau'ticus,  Vom'itus 
navigan'tium  sea  mari'nus,  Seasickness,  (F.)  Mai 
de  mer.  The  sickness,  vomiting,  Ac,  experienced 
at  sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea-life ;  and 
from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  are  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

NAU'SEANT,  Nau'seans.  An  agent  that  ex- 
cites nausea,  which  is  a  state  of  diminished  action. 
Nauseants  are,  hence,  valuable  remedies  in  dis- 
eases of  excitement. 

NAUSIA,  Nausea. 

NAUSIASIS,  Nausea. 

NAUSIO'SIS.  This  word,  besides  being  sy 
nonymous  with  nausea,  has  been  used  to  express 
the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when  blood  is 
discharged  by  jets. 

NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus — n.  String,  Funiculus  nm- 
bilicalis — n.  Wort,  Cotyledon  umbilicus — n.  Wort, 
Venus's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus. 

NA  VET,  Brassica  rapa. 

NA  VETTE,  Brassica  rapa. 

NAVICULAR,  Na  victda'risfNaviforfmisf  from 
navicula,  'a  little  ship/ 

Navic'ular  Fossa,  Fossa  Nauicula'ris,  F. 
ScaphoVdes,  Natne'ula,  Seaph'ula.  See  Scaphoid. 
This  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  depres- 
sion between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina  and  the 
posterior  commissure  of  the  labia  major  or  fbur- 
chette.  2.  To  a  peroeptibie  dilatation,  presented 
by  the  urethra  in  man,  near  the  base  of  the 
glans.  3.  To  the  superficial  depression  whioh 
separates  the  two  roots  of  the  helix.  This  is  also 
cailod  Scapha. 

NAVICULARS  OS,  Scaphoides  os. 

NAVIF0RMI8,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

NEB'ULA,  Nubes,  Nubecula,  Ntphos,  Ntph'- 
eU,  Ncphe'Uon,  (F.)  Nuage,  Ombrage.  A  slight 
speck  on  the  cornea.  A  mist  or  cloud  suspended 
in  the  urine.    See  Caligo. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necessa'rius,  {m,  and  eessare.) 
The  Necessaries  of  Life,  Vita  necessita'tes,  (F.) 
Besoins  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing  requisite 
for  the  maintenance  of  Ufa,  and  particularly  food. 

NECK,  DERBYSHIRE,  Bronohocele  —  n. 
Swelled,  Bronohocele — n.  Stiff,  Torticollis  —  n. 
Wry,  Torticollis. 

NECKLACE,  AN'ODYNE.  These  are  formed 
of  the  roots  of  hyoscyamus,  Job's  tears,  allspice 
steeped  in  brandy,  or  the  seeds  of  the  wild  liquo- 
rice vine,  to  suit  the  fancy  of  the  prescribes 
They  are  employed  to  facilitate  dentition  in  chil- 
dren, and  to  procure  sleep  in  fever. (!) 

NECKWEED,  Veronica  becoabunga,  V.  pere- 
grina. 

NECRiB'MIA,  from  wrpof,  'death,'  and  'atue, 
'blood.'  Death  of  the  blood.  Death  beginning 
with  the  blood. 

NECRENCEPHALUS,  Mollrties  cerebri 

NECROCEDIA,  Embalming. 

NBCRODES,  Cadaverous. 


NECROLOGY,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills  ot 

NECROMANCY,  Necromania,  Negromanti**, 
Necyomanti'a,  Nigromanti'a,  from  w/tooj,  '  death/ 
and  pamia,  *  divination.'  Divination  ny  the  dead, 

NECROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NECRON,  Cadaver. 

NECRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 

NECROPHOBIA,  from  vapos,  *  death/  and 
foPos,  'fear.'  Exaggerated  fear  of  death.  This 
symptom  occurs  in  patients  where  the  disease  is 
not  mortal;  as  in  hypochondriasis.  In  fevers,  it 
is  not  a  good  symptom. 

NECROPNEUMO'NIA,  Pneumo'nia  gangrat- 
no'sa  seu  typho'aa,  Gangr&'na  seu  Mortifica'tio 
seu  Anthrax  seu  Oarbun'culus  Pulmo'num,  Pneu- 
mosep'sis,  Pneumoc'aci,  (F.)  Oangrine  du  Pou- 
mon;  from  vsupos,  *  death/  and  pneumonia.  Gan- 
grenous inflammation  of  the  lungs.  This  may  be 
diffused  or  circumscribed.  The  only  pathogno- 
monic symptom  is  the  extraordinary  and  repul- 
sive odour  of  the  breath  and  expectoration.  The 
treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  the  chlorides  in- 
ternally, or  of  chlorine  by  inhalation ;  allaying 
irritation  by  opium,  and  supporting  the  patient 
by  wine-whey,  and  nourishing  diet 

NECROPSIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECRO'SIS,  from  *«*/><>«,  'I  kill.'  Mortifica- 
tion. State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion  of  a  bone 
deprived  of  life.  Osteoganyra'na,  Osteonecro'sis, 
Necrosis  may  take  place  without  the  surrounding 
soft  parts  being  struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to 
the  bones  what  gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts. 
The  part  of  the  bone  affected  with  necrosis  be- 
comes a  foreign  body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous 
eschar,  and  its  separation  must  be  accomplished 
by  the  efforts  of  nature,  or  by  art  When  necro- 
sis occurs  in  the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never 
extends  to  their  articular  extremities.  The  exte- 
rior layers  of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead 
portion  or  sequestrum;  between  these  swollen 
layers  and  the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes 
place ;  the  matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal; 
perforates  it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures, 
which  become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  Ac 

Necrosis  Cbrealis,  Ergotism  —  n.  Dentium, 
Dental  gangrene  —  n.  Ustilaginea,  Ergotism. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

NECTANDRA  RODIEI,  see  Bebeeru. 

NECTAR,  from  w,  'a  particle  of  negation/ 
and  mat*,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor,  feigned 
by  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of  the  gods, 
and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those  who  partook 
of  it  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  many 
drinks ;  and  particularly  to  one  made  with  wine, 
evaporated,  and  sweetened  with  honey. 

NEOTARIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

NECU8IA,  see  Wound. 

NBCYOMANTIA,  Necromanoy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

NEDYS,  vnSvf.  The  belly,  abdomen,  stomach, 
uterus. 

NEEDLE,  Sax.  neM,n»ol,  from  Tent,  neten, 
'  to  sew.'  Acns,  BeVonl,  Rapkis,  Raph'ion,  Aces'- 
tra,  (F.)  Aiguille.  A  steel  instrument,  used  in 
many  professions.  In  Surgery,  a  steel,  gold,  Bil- 
ver,  or  platina  instrument,  that  may  be  round,  flat, 
or  triangular,  straight,  or  curved,  supported  or 
not  by  a  handle,  but  having  always  a  point,  by 
means  of  which  it  penetrates  the  textures j  and 
often  having,  either  near  the  point,  or,  more  com* 
monly,  near  the  other  extremity,  an  aperture  or 
eye  for  the  reception  of  a  thread  or  tape,  whiok 


HEEDLB 


tto 


NEPENTHES 


puncture,  An  inflexible  gold  or  stiver  nceoie; 
*>nical,  rery  delicate,  four  inches  long,  furnished 
rith  a  handle,  and,  at  times,  with  a  eannla 
ihorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.    An  ordi- 


H  introduces  int>  the  parts.  The  AiguHU  A  «p- 
partil  of  the  French  is  the  ordinary  sewing  nee- 
dle used  in  the  making  of  bandages,  Ac 

Needle,  Acupchctubb,  (P.)  Aiguille  &  Acu- 
puncture, An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle; 
conical,  «  ••     «     -       ...  _i._-i         *      i-v-j 

with 

shorter 

nary  needle,  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer  as  a 

substitute  for  this.    Bee  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cat  ah  act,  Acum  ophthal'mica,  (F.) 
Aiguille  d  cataracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver,  and 
steel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at  the 
present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  employed 
to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline  when  opake. 
This  needle  is  usually  made  from  15  to  24  lines 
long;  and  is  attached  to  a  line  handle.  The  ex- 
tremity may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and  Langenbeck's, 
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved;  in 
Dupuytren's  and  Walther's,  flat,  curved,  and 
•harp-edged ;  in  Hey's,  flat,  with  a  semicircular 
and  sharp  end;  or,  as  in  Beer's,  Siebold's, 
Schmidt's,  Himly's,  Von  Grafe's,  Ac,  straight 
and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is  generally  placed 
upon  the  handle  to  inform  the  operator,  —  when 
the  instrument  is  engaged  in  the  eye, — what  side 
corresponds  to  the  crystalline. 

Needle  for  a  Countbr-Opbiitjcg,  Acum  invagi- 
na'ta,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Contre-ouverture,  Aiguille 
engainie,  Aiguille  d  gaine,  —  a  long,  narrow  in- 
strument of  steel ;  the  point  of  which  is  fine  and 
sharp  on  both  sides ; — the  heel  (talon)  having  an 
aperture  to  receive  a  thread,  tape,  Ac,  provided 
with  a  flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter  than  the  blade, 
the  point  of  whioh  it  covers  when  passing  through 
parts  that  have  to  be  respected. 

Nebdlb,  Debcham p's,  Paupe't  needle,  (F.)  Ai- 
guille de  Deeehampe,  Aiguille  d  manehe,  Ac,  is 
the  last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The 
eve  is  placed  near  the  point  It  is  employed  in 
the  ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

Needle,  Fis'tula,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Fietule.  A 
long,  flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument ;  having  an 
aperture  near  one  extremity;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a  groovo 
for  guiding;  a  bistouri  in  oase  of  neoessity. 

Also,  a  long,  steel  instrument,  terminated  by  a 
point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  whioh  Desault  em- 
ployed for  penetrating  the  reotum,  when  operating 
for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aperture. 

Needle,  Hare-Lip,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Bee  de 
Lievre.  A  small,  silver  eanula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear-point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissure  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  is 
then  applied,  and  the  pin  withdrawn. 

Nebdlb,  Lig'aturb,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  ligature. 
A  long,  steol  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  whioh  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
blood  prior  to  amputation,  by  being  passed  through 
the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal  artery  and 
a  part  of  the  musoles  and  integuments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
round  towards  one  of  its  extremities,  which  was 
straight,  and  furnished  with  an  aperture ;  curved 
and  flat  towards  the  opposite,  whioh  was  pointed, 
and  had  a  slight  ridge  on  its  concave  side.  At 
the  oommenoement  of  the  last  century,  this  in- 
strument was  used  to  pass  ligatures  around  ves- 
sels. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle, 
with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a  long  eye,  used 
with  advantage  in  place  of  the  last. 


Needle,  Shop,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Sekm,  A  long, 
narrow,  steel  blade;  pointed  and  sharp  at  one 
extremity ;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aperture. 
The  Aiguille  d  contre-ouverture  may  be  used  for 
the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Suturk,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Suture.    For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used; 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle :  the 
straight  needle  is  preferable  for  stitching  up  the 
abdomen,  Ac,  in  dissection.    In  the  suture  of 
the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has  been  used ;  flat 
on  both  sides,  and  cutting  only  at  the  concave 
edge,  in  order  that  the  instrument  may  pass  be- 
tween the  tendinons  fibres  without  dividing  them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER,  Porte-aiguille 
NEEDLE-CARRIER,  Porte-aiguiUt. 
NltFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit) 
N&FLIER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,  properly,   '  sucking  pigs.'  — 
Varro.    Nodoi,  Edcn'tuli  (mi,  privative,  and  eiem*, 
'a  tooth/)  Persons  devoid  of  teeth.  Young  chil- 
dren, for  instance,  who  have  not  out  them;  er 
aged  persons,  who  havo  lost  them.    This  state  m 
called  Nefrendie,  Nodo'eia,  Odon'tia  eden'tuieu 
NEGOTIUM  PARTURITIONIS,  ] 
N&GRE  BLANC,  Albino. 
NEGRETIA  PRURIENS,  Dolicboa  i 
NEGRO,  Ni'arita.  One  of  the  ^Ethiopian  race. 
See  Homo  and  Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NEI£'RA,  Nci'ra,  Imue  Venter.     The  lower 
part  of  the  belly.  —  Hippocrates. 
NEIOE,  Snow. 
NEIRA,  Neisara. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yellow  me'lumlo, 
Yellow  water  lily,  Pond  lily,  Water  *kield\  Water 
nut*,  Water  chin'capin,  Battle  nut,  Sacred  bean. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
States,  and  belonging  to  Nat.  Orel  Nympfaaccse ; 
Sex.  Syet.  Polyandria  Polygyria.  The  leaves 
are  cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  the 
surface.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  others 
loafer  chincapine. 
NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  lutewm. 
NENDO,  Angelica  lucida. 
NENNDORF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Nenndorf  is  a  village  three  and  a  half  German 
miles  from  Hanover.  Its  oold  sulphureous  spring 
is  muoh  celebrated. 

NENUPHAR,  NymphsBa  alba— ».  Blanc, 
Nymphssa  alba — n.  Jaune,  Nymphssa  lute* — a. 
Lutea,  Nymphssa  lutea — a.  Odorant,  Nymphs* 
odorata. 

NEOARTHROSIS,  from  »«*,  'new/  and  *- 
Oeev,  'a  joint'    A  new  joint;  an  artificial  joint. 
NEOG'ALA,  from  no*  'new/  and  yaXm,  'milk.' 
Milk  secreted  immediately  after  the  colostrum. 
Also,  the  ooloatrum. 
NEOGENES,  Nouveau-n4. 
NEOGILUS,  Nouveau-ne\ 
NEOGNUS,  Nouveau-nS. 
NEONATUS,  Nouveau-nL 
NE'OPLASTY,  NeopUu'tic*:  from  *«•*  'new,' 
and  vXeew,  rXarru,  '  1  form.'    An  operative  pro- 
cess for  the  formation  of  new  parts.    It  inetaues 
autoplasty,  cicatrisation  of  wounds,  and  the  for- 
mation of  adhesions. —  Burdaoh. 
NEOTTIA,  Goodyera  pubeaoena. 
NEP,  Nepeta. 

.  NEPEN'THA  DESTILLATO'RIA,  JBvaeVra, 

A  Ceylonese  plant,  the  root  of  which  is  astringent 

NEPEN'THES,  from  »*,  negative  particle,  and 

*cv9«f , '  grief/    A  remedy  much  extolled  by  the 

ancients  against  sadness  and  melancholy. 

The  women  of  Thebes,  according  to  IKodons 


NEPETA 


591 


NEPHROFYIO* 


Sieeliotes,  alone  possessed  the  secret  of  its  com- 
position ;  and,  according  to  Homer,  Helen  intro- 
duced it  from  Egypt  Some  suppose  it  to  have 
been  opium. 

Nbpenthbs,  Bangue— n.  Opiatum,  Piluto  opi- 
ates. 

NEP'ETA,  N.  Cata'ria  sen  vulga'rie  Cat  a' Ha 
vnlga'rU,  Herba  felts,  Nep  or  Catmint,  (F.)  fferbe 
emx  Chat*, — so  called,  because  cats  are  fond  of  it 
The  leaves,  Cuta'ria  (Ph.  U.  8.),  have  a  smell  and 
taste  like  those  of  an  admixture  of  spearmint  and 
pennyroyal.  It  has  been  recommended  in  ute- 
rine disorders,  dyspepsia,  natulenoy,  Ac,  like 
pennyroyal ;  and  Is  much  used  in  domestio  modi- 
dne,  on  the  American  continent,  in  flatulencies, 
4c,  of  ohildren. 

Nbpbta  Aorbstts,  Melissa  nepeta — n.  Gle- 
ohoma,  Glechoma  hederaoea — n.  Vulgaris,  Ne- 
peta. 

NEPHALIOTES,  Temperance. 

NEPHELE,  Enssorema,  Nebula. 

NEPHELION,  Nebula. 

NEPH'ELOID,  Nephelrt'dee,  Nephelo'dee, 
Jfeb'uloue,  Nubilo'eue.  An  epithet  applied  to 
mine  when  it  is  oloudy —  Uri'na  nephelo'dee. 

NEPHOS,  Nebula. 

NEPHRALGIA,  Dolor  Nephreticue,  Neural' - 
gia  Renum,  (F.)  Nivralgie  dee  Reine,  Dyentphro- 
nervie,  from  m^vr,  'a  kidney,'  and  oAyer,  'pain.' 
Pain  and  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

Nephralgia  Arbnosa,  see  Gravel — n.  Calcu- 
loao,  see  Gravel  —  n.  Rheumatiea,  Lumbago. 

NEPHRAPOS'TASIS,  Nephropyo'eie,  Abecee'- 
eue  rena'lie,  from  wtyof,  'kidney/  and  mweermets, 
4  abscess.'    Renal  abscess. 

NEPHRATOX'IA,  from  wipes,  'kidney/  and 
errifta,  '  want  of  tone.'  Renum  aton'ia  sen  pa- 
ral'yeie.    Atony  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELCO'SIS,  Nephropyo'eie,  Eelco'tU 
rena'lie,  from  vteypot,  'kidney/  and  'tXxmcit,  'ul- 
ceration.'   Ulceration  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELMIN'TIO,  Nephrelmin'tieue,  from 
vtfff,  '»  kidney/  and  'sA/urr,  'a  worm.'  That 
wnioh  is  owing  to  the  presence  of  worms  in  the 
kidney. 

NEPHREMPHRAX18,  from  *•>*  'a  kid- 
ney/ and  tfitftpaew,  'I  obstruct'  A  name  given 
by  Ploucquet  to  obstruction  of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRET'IC,  Nephrid'iue,  Nephrific,  Ne- 
phritficue,  from  vte)pes,  '  a  kidney.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  kidney.  Applied,  especially,  to 
pain,  Ac,  seated  in  the  kidney. 

NEPHRET'ICUM,  in  Materia  Mediea,  means 
a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

Nbphrbttcttm  LiGNUif,  Guilandina  moringa. 

NEPHRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  Talcum  nephrit- 
iemm,  (F.)  Pierre  niphretique,  Jade  niphrite  on 
oriental.  A  green,  fatty  kind  of  stone,  —  once 
used  as  an-  amulet  against  epilepsy ;  an  absurd 
name,  as  there  can  be  no  such  remedy. 

NEPHRHVION,  Pingue'do  rena'lie.  Tho  fat 
which  surrounds  the  kidneys.  —  Hippocrates. 

NEPHRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal. 

NEPHRIDIUS,  Nephrotic 

NMPHRITE,  Nephritis-Ai.  Albumineuee,  Kid- 
ney, Blight's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITES,  Asphaltites. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephrotic. 

NEPHRITICUM  LIGNUM,  Guilandina  mo. 
finga. 

NEPHRITIS,  Asphaltites, 

Nephritis,  Empree'ma  Nephritie,  from  vtfpos, 
'kidney/  and  itie,  '  denoting  inflammation  /  Re- 
bum  inflamma'tio,  Nephro-phUg'monl, —  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Kidney,  (F.)  Nephrite,  Inflammation 


dee  Rein*,  is  characterised  by  acute  pain ; 
ing  heat,  and  a  sensation  of  woight  in  the  region 
of  one  or  both  kidneys ;  suppression  or  diminu- 
tion of  urine;  fever;  dysuria;  ischuria;  consti- 
pation, more  or  less  obstinate ;  retraction  of  the 
testicle,  and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same 
side.  It  may  be  distinguished  into  eimple  and 
calculous  nephritie.  In  the  latter,  tho  urine  often 
contains  small  particles  of  uric  acid  or  of  urate 
of  ammonia.  The  most  common  causes  of  ne- 
phritis are,  —  excess  in  irritating  and  alcoholic 
drinks ;  abuse  of  diuretics ;  blows  or  falls  on  the 
region  of  the  kidneys ;  the  presence  of  renal  cal- 
culi, Ac  It  may  be  distinguished  from  lumbago 
by  the  pain  which  attends  the  latter  on  the 
slightest  motion,  Ac  It  usually  terminates  by 
resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two  or  three.  It 
may,  however,  end  in  suppuration— -pyonSphrite; 
or  may  become  chronic — ehrononSphrite,  (Piorry.) 
In  the  treatment,  antiphlogistics,  as  bleeding, 
baths,  Ac,  are  required  to  tho  full  extent;  win 
the  use  of  diluents,  opiates,  Ac 

Nephritis  Albumihbksis,  Kidney,  Blight's 
disease  of  the — n.  Albumin  osa,  Kidney,  B right's 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Associated,  Kidney,  Bright'i 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Cachectic,  Kidney,  Blight's 
disease  of  the — n.  Sociata,  Kidney,  Blight's  dis- 
ease of  the. 

NEPHRODES,  Nephroid. 

NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS,  Polypodium 
filixmas. 

NEPHROGRAPHY,  from  r*+pt,  'a  kidney/ 
and  ypaem,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRO£UB'MIA,  from  n+pot,  'kidney/  and 
'atfta,  *  blood.'  Hypenemia  or  congestion  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPH'ROID,  NephroVdee,  Nephro'dee,  Reni- 
form'ie,  from  vt^pot,  'kidney/  and  uSos,  'form, 
resemblance'  Reniform.  Having  a  resemblance 
to  a  kidney  —  as  '  nephroid  cancer/  so  called  be- 
causo  the  morbid  growth  resembles  the  kidney  in 
structure 

NEPHROLITHIASIS,  from  vafipo<,  'a  kid- 
ney/ and  XtSog, '  a  stone.'  The  disease  of  calculus 
in  the  kidney;  Lith'ia  rena'lie,  Lithi'aeie  nephrif- 
iea,  L.  Rena'lie.    See  Gravel. 

NEPHROLITH'IC,  same  etymon.  Belonging 
to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet  has  been 
applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog"ia,  from  ve+pot, 
'kidney/  and  Uyot,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.  Dissertation  on  the  kidneys  and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMA! A'CIA,  from  vc+pes,  'kidney, 
and  fiaXarta,  'softness.'    Softening  of  the  kidney* 

NEPHROMETRiE,  Psoas. 

NEPHRON'CUS,  Tumor  rena'lie,  from  vcf>s, 
'kidney/  and  •ytot,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC,  Nephro-phlegmaf* 
ieue,  from  vtfpos,  'kidney/ and  fAty/ia,  'phlegm.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  ischuria  pro* 
duced  by  mucus  contained  in  the  urine. 

NEPHROPHLEGMONE,  Nephritis. 

NEPHROPHTHISIS,  from  rttpes,  'kidnoy/ 
and  «»0<*tf,  'consumption.'  Phthisis  from  suppu- 
ration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPLETHOR'IC,  Nephro-plethor'ieue, 
from  vuppos,  '  a  kidney/  and  x\r>$upa,  '  plethora.' 
Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kidneys.  An  epi 
thet  given  to  Ischuria  dependent  upon  this  cause* 

NEPHROPY'IC,  Nephro-py'icue,  from  •«*>** 
'a  kidney/  and  rvov,'  pus.'  Belonging  to  tap* 
puration  of  the  kidney. 


.NEPHROPTOSIS 


692 


NERVE 


NEPHROPTOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel- 
eosis. 

NEPHRORRHAG"IA,  Hamatu'ria  rena'lie, 
Hamorrhag"ia  renum,  from  vvppos,  'kidney/  and 
eayn,  'rupture;'  Proflu'vium  ean'guinie  e  re'nibue. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  kidney. 

NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  vc^so*  'kidney/ 
and  <r*X7jpto,  '  hardness  f  Indura'tio  renum.  In- 
duration of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Nephroepae'ticue,  from 
vtfpos,  'a  kidney/  and  orate,  4I  draw.'  That 
which  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  An 
epithet  given  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

N  E  P  H  ROTH  ROM'BOID,  Neohro-thromboi'- 
dee,  from  vuppos,  'a  kidney/  and  fyo/t/3of,'a  clot* 
That  which  depends  upon  clots  of  blood,  con- 
tained in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  An  epithet 
for  a  species  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROTOMY,  Nephro-Zitkofomy,  Nepkro- 
tom'ia,  Nephro-lithotom'ia,  Sectio  rena'lie,  S.  re- 
nt; from  vtfpof,  *  a  kidney/  and  rtpvctv,  '  to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  kidney.  Also,  an  operation  pro- 
posed with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an  incision  into  the 
tissue  of  that  organ. 

NEPHRUS,  Kidney. 

NEPIOS,  Infans. 

NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 

NEPTA,  Asphaltum. 

NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NERF,  Nerve — n.  Circonfiexe,  Axillary  nerve 
— «.  Dentaire,  Dental  nerve — n.  Feeeier,  Gluteal 
nerve  —  n.  Gloeso-pharyngien,  Pharyn go-glossal 
nerve — n.  GuetaUf,  see  Lingual  nerve — n.  (?to- 
iatif  innomini,  Trigemini — n.  Guttural,  Palatine 
(middle)  nerve  —  n.  Gutturo-palatin,  Palatine 
nerve — n.  Honteux,  Pudie  nerve — n.  Irien,  Ciliary 
nerve— n.  Ischio-clitorien,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Ischio- 
ptnien,  Pudio  nerve— n.  Labyrinthique,  Auditory 
nerve — n.  Mentonnier,  Mental  nerve — n.  Moteur 
ovulaire  exierne,  Motor  ocnli  externus — n.  Oculo- 
mueeulaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  externus  —  n. 
Oculo-mueculaire  interne,  Pathetious  nervns  — 
n.  Pathitique,  Pathetious  nervus  —  n.  Pironilre 
branche,  Popliteal  nerve,  external — n.  Pharyngo- 
gloseien,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve — n.  Premiere 
poire  trachilienne,  Occipital  nerve — ti.  VerUbro- 
aigital,  Musoulo-cutaneous  nerve  —  n.  Pritibio- 
digital,  Musculo-cutaneous  nerve  —  n.  Pritibio 
eueplantaire,  Tibial  nerve,  anterior  —  n.  Radio* 
digital.  Radial  nerve — n.  Sciatique  grand,  Sciatic 
nerve,  great —  n.  Sciatique  petit,  Sciatic  nerve, 
lesser — n.  Sciatique  popliU  externe,  Musculo- 
cutaneous nerve  —  n.  Sous-  occipital,  Occipital 
nerve — n.  Soue-pubio-fhnoral,  Obturator  nerve — 
«.  Spino-cranio-trapezien,  Spinal  nerve — n.  Sue- 
maxillaire,  Maxillary  superior  norve  —  n.  Suspu- 
bien,  Supra- pubian  nerve — n.  Tibiale  branche, 
Popliteal  internal — n.  Tracheal,  Laryngeal  infe- 
rior nerve —  n.  Trache'lo-dorsal,  Spinal  nerve  — 
«.  Trijumeau,  Trigemini — n.  d  Troie  cordee,  Tri- 
gemini —  n.  Tympaniqiie,  Chorda  tympanL 

NERFS  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronohial  nerves 
—  n.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  nerves — n.  Moteure  ocu- 
lairee  commune,  Motores  oeulorum — n.  Saerie, 
Sacral  nerves — n.  Sous-coetalee,  Intercostal  nerves. 

N^RIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Neria  is 
on  the  high  road  from  Moulins  to  Limoges,  eighty 
leagues  from  Paris.  There  are  four  springs,  the 
water  of  which  is  dear,  inodorous,  tasteless,  and 
has  an  unotuous  feel.  It  contains  carbonio  acid 
gas,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  silex  and  an  animal  matter  to 
whioh  its '  oleaginous'  property  is  probably  owing. 
The  waters  are  generally  used  in  the  form  of 
thermal  baths. 


NERITJM,  N.  oleander. 

Ne'biux  AMTiDYSiRTEit'iciJir,  Wrighfia  «at»- 
dyeenter'ica.  The  tree  which  affords  the  Codogtf- 
pala  Bark,  Cones' si  cortex,  Tillicher'ry  corUe, 
Cortex  proflu'vii.  Family,  Apocynese.  Sex.  JSjsL 
Pentandria Monogynia.  (F.)CodagapaU, CropuU. 
The  bark  of  this  Malabar  tree  is  of  a  black  colour, 
externally,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  white 
moss  or  scurf.  It  has  an  austere,  bitter  teste,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent  in  diarr- 
hoea, dysentery,  Ac. 

Nb'riuv  Olban'dbb,  Ne'rium,  Rhododapk'ni* 
Rota' go,  (F.)  Laurier  roee.  The  leave*  are  re- 
puted to  be  narcotic  The  infusion  is  employed 
internally,  in  herpetic  affections,  and  the  powder, 
incorporated  with  lard,  is  used  in  the  itch. 

NBRONIA'NA  (PHLEBOTOM'LA.)  An  epi- 
thet given,  for  some  cause,  to  phlebotomy,  when 
more  than  one  vein  was  opened  on  the  same  day. 

NERPRUN PURGATIF,  Rhamnus. 

NERVE,  Nervue,  Neuron,  vsupev,  'a  string.' 
(F.)  Nerf.  Neuron  and  Nervus  meant  also,  with 
the  ancients,  the  tendons  and  ligaments,  Partes 
nervo'sa  ;  and  hence  the  different  acceptations  of 
1  nervous ;'  —  a  man  of  nerve  —  a  strong,  nervous 
man ;  and  a  weak,  nervoue  woman.  The  nerves 
are  tubular  cords  of  the  same  substance  as  that 
which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal  mar- 
row. They  extend  from  one  or  other  of  the  ner- 
vous centres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  commu- 
nicating, frequently,  with  each  other;  forming 
plexuses,  and,  occasionally,  ganglion*;  and  being, 
at  length,  lost  in  the  parenchyma  of  organs. 
There  are  42  pairs,  and,  according  to  their  origin, 
they  are  termed  Cranial  or  Encephalic,  xa&  Spi- 
nal Each  nerve  is  composed  of  several  filaments 
or  cords  placed  alongside  each  other,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  neurilemma.  The  eneephatis 
nerves,  in  general,  have  only  one  root  in  the 
brain,  whilst  the  spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by 
two  roots:  the  one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of 
filaments,  the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  Lig amentum  denticuiatmm; 
uniting  outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near 
the  intervertebral  foramen,  a  ganglion  formed 
only  by  the  posterior  root.  The  two  roots  make, 
afterwards,  but  one  nerve ;  and,  like  the  encepha- 
lic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  subdH 
viding  into  rami  and  ramusculi,  until  they  an 
finally  lost  in  in  the  texture  of  the  organs.  The 
trunks  first  formed  are  commonly  round,  aat 
proceed  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  vessels, 
being  placed  in  the  areolar  spaces  which  ■oparasi 
the  organs,  and  are  thus  protected  from  injury. 
Their  manner  of  termination  we  are  not  acquainted 
with ;  whether  the  nervous  pulp,  for  instance,  hi 
distributed  or  lost  in  a  membrane,  as  seems  to  bt 


the  case  with  the  nerves  of  sight,  hearutg,  and 
smell,  —  or  are  looped.  Certain  it  is,  that  there 
is  considerable  difference  in  the  organs,  as  re- 
spects the  quantity  of  nerves  that  terminate  in 
them ;  and  the  particular  arrangement  of  the  ner- 
vous extremities.  Some  organs  have  numereas 
nerves ;  others  seem  to  have  none :  a  circumstance 
whioh  influences  considerably  the  sensibility  of 
parts. 

The  Encephalic  Nerves  arise  from  the  caN- 
phalon,  or  are  inserted  into  it;  (according  as  we 
consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination  of  ue 
nerves ;)  and  make  their  exit  by  foramina  at  the 
base  of  the  skull.  They  are  IS  in  number.  The 
spinal  nerves  are  30  in  number,  8  cervicml,  II 
dorsal,  5  lumbar,  and  5  or  6  sacral :  the  fear  in- 
ferior cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  supe- 
rior, because  they  furnish  the  nerves  of  the  t 
extremities. 


OTBVBS  603  HSETBS 

SYNOPTICAL  TABLE  OP  THE  NERVES. 


1.  Olf actor?  ... 
(1st  pair.) 


3.  OptU 

(2d  pair.) 


I.  Cranial  or  Encephalic  Nerve*. 
(Divided  into  internal,  eiter-    6.  Abducentes. 


" 


3.  Motor**  Oculorum. 
(3d  pair.) 


4.  Patketitt 

(4th  pair.) 


nal,  and  middle  branches, 
which  are  distributed  on  the 
Bchneiderian  membrane. 

Terminate  in  the  retina. 

Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
superior  oculi  and  levator 
palpebral  superiors. 

Inferior  Branch,  To  the  rectus 
internum  rectus  inferior  and 
lesser  oblique  muscles;  a 
filament  which  goes  to  the 

,    ophthalmic  ganglion. 

To  the  greater  oblique  muscle 
of  the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Branch.  Divided 
into  three  branches.  1.  The 
lachrymal  branch,  to  the  la- 
chrymal  gland  and  upper 
eye-lid.  2.  Frontal  branch, 
to  the  forehead  and  upper 
eyelid.  3.  Nasal  branch,  to 
the  eyelids,  nasal  fossa,  and 


5.  far  Trigeminum. 
t5tb  pair.) 


Superior  Maxillary  Branch. 
1.  The  orbitar  branch*  to  the 
orbit.  S.  The  posterior  and 
superior  dental,  to  the  last 
three  molar  teeth  and  gums. 
3.  The  anterior  dental,  to 
the  incisor,  canine,  and  two 
lesser  molares.  4.  Infra- 
arbiter,  to  the  upper  lin, 
cheek,  and  nose. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Branoh.  1. 
Temporal  profound  branches, 
to  the  temporal  muscle.  2. 
Maeeeterine  branch,  to  the 
masseter  muscle.  3.  Buccal, 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cheek.  4.  Pterygoid,  to  the 
internal  pterygoid   muscle. 

5.  Lingual,  to  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the   tongue. 

6.  Inferior  dental,  to  the 
teeth  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
to  the  lower  lip.  7.  Auri- 
cular branch,  to  the  pavilion 
of  the  ear  and  forehead. 


(8th  pair.) 


7.  Facial 

(Ponio  dura  of  the- 
7th  pair.) 


8.  Auditory 

(Portio  mollis  of  the 

7th  pair.) 

9.  Olosse-pharyngeal.  i 
(Portion  of  the  8th. 

pair.)  i  ► 


10.  Par  Varum., 
(8th  pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  Acces- 
sory of  Willis 


19.  Hypoglossal., 
(9th  pair.) 


To  the  rectos  externus  oculi. 

L  At  its  exit  from  the  era* 
nium,  the  posterior  auricu- 
lar, stylohyoid,  and  infra- 
mastoid,  to  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear,  the  mastoid  process, 
the  digastrieus,  and  the  mus. 
cles  attached  to  the  styloid 
process. 

2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 
temporal,  malar,  buccal,  su- 
pra-maxillary, and  infra- 
maxillary  to  the  whole  su 
perficiea  of  the  face. 

To  the  vestibule,  semi  circular 
canals,  and  cochlea. 

To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
pharynx. 

1.  IN  THE  NECK, -a  pha 
ryngeal  branch  to  the  pha- 
rynx ;  euperior  laryngeal 
branch  to  the  larynx,  and  to 
some  muscles  of  the  infe- 
rior hyoid  region.  Cardiac 
branches  to  the  cardiac 
plexus. 

8.  IN  THE  CHEST,- the  in- 
ferior laryngeal  branch  to  the 
larynx :  pulmonary  branches, 
which  form  the  plexus  of 
the  same  name:  oesophageal 
branches  to  the  oesophagus. 

3.  IN  THE  ABDOMEN  - 
gastric  branches  to  the  pa 
rietes  of  the  stomach :  fila- 
ments which  go  to  the  neigh- 
bouring plexuses. 

At  i is  exit  from  the  cranium— 
the  accessory  of  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerve  anastomosing 
with  this  nerve.  In  the 
neck— filaments  to  the  tra- 
pezius muscles. 

Cervicalis  descenders,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  inferior  hyoid 
region,  and  to  the  cervical 
nerves.  Filaments  to  the 
muscles  of  the  tongue. 


Cervieal  Plexus. 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerve*. 

L  Cervical  Nerve*. 

.     _      ,    .  i  Anterior  Branch.    Anastomo- 

i*t  Corneal  Pair.... 2     sing  par  arcade  with   the 
f     second  pair. 

t  Anterior  Branch.     A  branch    &£,  Qth,  and  1th  Ctr* 
%d  Cervical  Pair. ...  J     «n?"omosing  with  the  first       vUal  Pair*. 
)    pair:  a  branch  which  goes 
(     to  the  cervical  plexus. 
3d  and  4<A  Cervical  J  Anterior  Branch.   Concurring 

Pair*.  j     in  the  cervical  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branch  of  these  four  pairs  ramifies  on 
the  occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep- 
seated  cervico-occipital  regions. 

(Descending  Beanches.  —  1. 
Internal  descending,  anas- 
tomosing with  a  branch  of 
the  hypoglossus.  2.  Phrenic 
branch,  to  the  diaphragm. 
3.  External  descending  bran- 
ches, dividing  into  supra* 
clavicular,  aupra-acromial, 
infra-clavicular,  and  eervi- 
cales  profundi,  to  the  mus- 
cles and  integuments  of  the 

Cervical  Plexus <     uPoer  Part  °* tne  cnM*  ■«<• 

vmjneai  rmut <     shoulder,  to  the  trapezius, 

levator  scapula),  rhomboid- 
eus,  &.c. 
Ascending     Branches.  —  1. 
Mastoid,   to    the   posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  head 
and  the  inner  surface  of  the 
pavilion  of  the  ear.    2.  Au- 
ricular, to  the  parotid  gland 
and  pavilion  of  the  ear. 
Superficial  Cervical  Branches. 
.    (8.)  To  the  platysma  myol- 


88 


Brachial  Plexus .... 


des,  diga  tricus,  the  integu- 
ments of  the  neck,  Sec. 

Anterior  Branches.  Assisting 
in  the  formation  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus. 

Posterior  Branches  To  the 
muscles  and  integuments  of 


the  posterior  part  of  the 
neck  and  upper  part  of  the 
back. 
1.  Thoracic  Branches,  (2)  o 
the  anterior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  chest.  2.  Supra- 
scapular? branch  to  the  mus- 
cles of  the  posterior  scapular 
region.  3.  Infra-scapulary 
branches  (3.)  to  the  subsca- 
pularis,  teres  major,  teres 
minor,  and  latissimus  dorsi. 
4.  The  brachial  interna  cu- 
taneous, to  the  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dorsal 
surfaces  of  the  forearm,  near 
the  ulnar  margin.  5.  The 
brachial  external  cutaneous, 
principally  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  fore- 
arm, near  the  radial  margin. 
0\  The  median  nerve,  to  the 
forearm,  hand,  and  palmar 
surface  of  all  the  fingers. 
7.  The  cubital  nerve,  to  the 
last  two  fingers.  8.  The 
radial,  to  the  first  three. 
9.  The  axillary,  around  the 
shoulder-joint,  and  to  th* 
neighbouring  muscles.  I 


H2BV2S 


694 


NERVES 


2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  (Nervi  donate.) 

^  i  Anterior  Branch.   To  tbe  bra- 

Ut  Dorsal  Pair.         j     chial  plexUs. 

<W    and    M    ZkrssJ  \  Anterior  Branches.    An  inter 


II.  Spinal  or  Ferteoro*  tfertw.— Continued. 


Pairs. 


4tA.5tA.6a,  and  7U 
Dorsai  Pairs 


costal  and  brachial  branch, 
Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  intercostal!, 
triangularis  sterni.  pecto- 
ralis  major,  and  to  the  skin. 
External  branches  to  the 
integuments  of  the  chest,  the 
obliquus  extern  us  abdomi- 
nis, and  the  skin  of  the  ab 
v    doroen. 

'Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  transver- 
sals, obliquus  internum  and 
rectus  muscles,  and  to  the 
skin  of  the  abdomen.  Ex- 
ternal branches,  to  the  in- 
teguments of  the  chest,  and 
to  the  muscles  and  skin  of 
k    the  abdomen. 

!  Anterior  Branch.  To  tbe  first 
lumbar  nerve,  and  to  tbe 
muscles  and  skin  of  the  ab 
domen  as  far  as  the  iliac 
crest. 

Tbe  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles  and  integuments  of  the 
back  and  loins. 

3.  Lumbar  Nerves. 


Lumbar  Plexus  . 


8U.  9th,  10O,  and. 
l\th  Dorsal  Pairs. 


12£A  Dorsal  Pair  . 


form 


Concur 
the   lumbar 


and  an  inferior,  to  tbe  skin 
of  tbe  thigh.  3.  A  geuito- 
erural  branch  to  tbe  inlcf  u- 
ments  of  the  scrotum,  in* 
groin,  and  the  thigh.  3.  Tbe 
crural  nerve,  to  the  integu- 
ments and  muscles  of  the 
thigh,  skin  of  the  leg.  and 
foot.  4.  Tbe  obturator  nerve, 
to  the  muscles  at  tbe  inner 
part  of  tbe  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbosacral,  to  the  sciatic 
pleius.  It  gives  off  the  flu- 
'-'  nerve   to    the    glutei 


— .  --.       --  .  ^     ring  to 

Lumbar  Patro....}     ple|UB> 

t  „  .  j  Anterior  Branch.    Aiding  in 

3a  Pair j     forming  the  sciatic  plexus. 

The  Postsrior  Branches  of  tbe  lumbar  nerves  are 
distributed  to  the  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

f  1.  Musculo-eutaneous  Branches, 
to  tbe  number  of  three.  One 
superior,  to  the  muscles  of 
Lumbar  Pit***  . .  •  •  •  t  the  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of 
1  the  groin,  and  the  scrotum: 
a  middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  tbe  abdomen : 


Sacral  Nerves. 

«      «j  ,j   ..j  At%  t  Anterior  Branches.  Tbevlbrm 
1st,  94,  3$  »nd  40,>     b    their  ttnioD  lbe  gciatie 

Snrral  Pairs }       pfeXUS. 

t  Anterior  Bronchos.     To    tbe 
5a  and  6a  Pairs . . .  <     paru  in  the  vicinity  of  the 

(     coccyx. 
The  Posterior  Branches  ramify  on  the  muscles  and 
integuments  of  the  nates. 

fl.  Hemorrhoidal  nerves,  to  tbe 
rectum.  2.  Vesical,  to  the 
bladder.  3.  Uterine  and  va 
final,  to  the  vagina  and 
uterus.  4.  Inferior  fluted, 
to  the  gluteal  muscles,  peri 
naeura,  abd  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  5.  Pudic,  to  the  pe 
rjncmm,  penis,  or  vulva,  &. 
Sciatic,  divided  into  the  ex 
tsrnal  popliteal,  which  rami 
fief  on  the  integuments  and 
muscles  of  the  external  side 
of  tbe  leg,  on  the  dorsum  of  > 
tbe  root,  and  the  dorsal  sur-, 
face  of  the  toes;  and  into 
tbe  internal  popliteal,  distri- 
buted on  tbe  dorsal  surface 
of  tbe  two  last  toes,  to  tbe 
muscles  of  tbe  foot,  and  era 
the  plantar  surface  of  ail 
the  toes. 


Sciatic  Plexus. 


Classifications  of  the  nerves  have  been  recom- 
mended according  to  their  uses,  in  preference  to 
the  ordinary  anatomioal  arrangement  It  has 
been  remarked  that  the  encephalic  nerves  have 
generally  one  root;  the  spinal  two.  Now,  ex- 
periments and  pathological  facts  have  proved, 
that  the  anterior  fasciculus  of  the  narrow  and  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves  are  inservient 
to  volition  or  voluntary  motion:  and  that  the 
posterior  faaeiculue  and  roots  are  destined  for 
sensibility.  Hence  the  spinal  nerves,  which  have 
two  roots,  must  be  the  conductors  both  of  motion 
and  feeling;  whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with 
but  few  exceptions,  have  but  one,  can  possess  but 
one  of  these  properties :— they  must  be  either  sen- 
sUivt  or  motive,  according  as  they  arise  from  the 
posterior  or  anterior  fasciculus  of  the  medulla : 
and,  consequently,  three  classes  of  nerves  may  be 
distinguished. 

f  Arising,  by  a  single  root, 
from  the  posterior  fascicu- 
lus of  the  medulla  oblon- 
l     gata  or  spinal  marrow. 
'Arising,  by  a  single   root, 
from  the  anterior  fascicu- 
i     lus  of  the  same  parts. 
'  Which  have  two  roots :  one 
from  the  anterior,  and  one 
from  the  posterior  fascicu- 
lus. 


1.  Sensory  , 


t.  Motor. 


f*  Sensory 
Motor 


and 


According  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  tbe  medulla  ob- 


longata is  composed  of  three  fasciculi  on  each 
side;  an  anterior,  a  middle,  and  a  posterior. 
Whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  pro- 
duce the  nerves  of  motion  and  sensation  respec- 
tively; the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Cbarie* 
gives  rise  to  a  third  set  of  nerves — the  rssjnrs- 
tory.    To  this  order  belong : — 

1.  The  accessory  nerve  of  Willi*,  or  superior 

respiratory. 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

3.  The  glosso-pharyngee! 

4.  The  facial  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 
6.  The  phrenic. 

6.  A  nerve  which  has  the  same  origin  as  tie 
phrenic; — the  external  respiratory. 

When  a  horse  has  been  hard-ridden,  erery  oat 
of  these  nerves  is  in  action. 

This  division  is  now,  however,  generally  aban- 
doned, and  there  does  not  seem  to  be  a  third 
column,  especially  destined  for  respiration. 

Sir  C.  Bell,  again,  has  reduced  the  system  of 
nerves  to  two  great  classes.  1.  Those  that  are 
regular,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common  to 
all  animals,  from  the  worm  to  man  $  which  haTe 
double  roots,  and  preside  over  sensibility  and 
motion:  and,  2.  The  irregular  or  superadded* 
which  are  added  to  the  preceding,  in  proportion 
as  the  organization  of  animals  offer*  new  or  more 
complicated  organs.  To  the  first  class  belong  all 
the  spinal  nerves  and  one  encephalic— tht  ftta 


NERVES 


505 


NERVES 


pair  ;— to  the  second,  the  rest  of  the  nervous 
system. 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall  has  proposed  a  division  of 
the  nervous  system,  which  is  calculated  to  ex- 
plain many  of  the  anomalous  circnmatances  we 
so  frequently  witness.  He  proposes  to  divide  all 
the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or  the  sentient 
and  voluntary.  2.  The  true  spinal  or  exoito^mo- 
tory.  3.  The  ganglionic  or  cyclo-ganglionic, — 
the  nutrient  and  secretory.  If  the  sentient  and 
voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow  upon 
the  head,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still  contract 
when  irritated,  because  the  irritation  is  conveyed 
to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action  takes  place  to 
the  muscle  so  as  to  throw  it  into  contraction.  But 
if  the  spinal  marrow  be  now  destroyed,  the 
sphincters  remain  entirely  motionless,  because 
the  centre  of  the  system  is  destroyed.  Br.  Hall 
thinks  that  a  peculiar  set  of  nerves  constitutes, 
with  the  true  spinal  marrow  as  their  axis,  the 
second  subdivision  of  tie  nervous  system ;  and 
as  those  of  the  first  subdivision  are  distinguished 
into  sentient  and  voluntary,  these  may  be  distin- 
guished into  the  excitor  and  motory.  The  fint, 
or  the  excitor  nerves,  pursue  their  course  princi- 
pally from  internal  surfaces,  characterized  by  pe- 
culiar excitabilities,  to  the  true  medulla  oblongata 
and  medulla  spinalis;  the  second,  or  the  motor 
nerves,  pursue  a  reflex  course  from  the  medulla 
to  the  muscles,  having  peculiar  actions  concerned 


principally  in  ingestion  and  egeetion.  The  mo- 
tions connected  with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdi* 
vision  are  sometimes,  indeed  frequently,  sponta- 
neous ;  those  connected  with  the  true  spinal  are, 
he  believes,  always  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too, 
that  there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth, 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves  as  constituting  an 
external  ganglionic  system  for  the  nutrition  of 
the  external  organs ;  and  he  proposes  to  divide 
the  ganglionic  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system 
into,  1.  The  internal  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pneumogastrio ;  and, 
2.  The  external  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral  sys- 
tem he  assigns  all  diseases  of  sensation,  percep- 
tion, judgment,  and  volition — therefore  all  pain- 
ful, mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  paralytio 
diseases.  To  the  true  spinal,  excito-motory, 
re/lex,  or  diastaltio  nervous  system,  belong  all 
spasmodic  and  certain  paralytic  diseases.  He 
properly  adds,  that  these  two  parts  of  the  ner- 
vous system  influence  each  other  both  in  health 
and  disease,  as  they  both  influence  the  ganglio- 
nic system.  x 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito-mo- 
tory function  have  been  generally  embraced. 

The  following  tabular  view  of  the  arrangement 
and  connexions  of  the  nerves  and  nervous  centres 
|  is  given  by  Dr.  Carpenter. 


Afferent  fibres  derived 
from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef- < 
ferent  fibres  transmitted 
to  motor  centres. 


Tabvlab  View  or  tub  Nbevous  Cbhtbjbs. 

CsaiBBAL  Gaitoua, 
the  seat  of  the  formation  of  Ideas,  and  the  instrument 
of  the  Reasoning  processes  and  Will;  participating  also 
with  the  Sensory  Ganglia  in  the  formation  of  the  Emo- 
tions; and  thus  the  original  source  of  Voluntary  and 
EnsUonal  movements. 


Afferent  fibres  derived 
y  from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef> 
f  ferent  fibres  transmitted 

to  motor  centres. 


Afferent    fibres    derived ")  f  Afferent    fibres    derived 

from  posterior  column  of  Ckrxbellio  Gaitolia,  I  from  posterior  column  of 

spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres  >  for  harmonisation  of  muscular  actions;  including  also  <  spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres 
transmitted  into  posterior  I  the  ganglionic  centre  of  the  sexual  sense  (?).  I  transmitted   into   motor 

column.  J  (.  column. 


Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
bral Ganglia;— Nerves  of 
Common  and  Special  Sen- 
sation ;  —  Motor  nerves 
forming  part  of  general 
motor  system. 


Cbahio-Sphul  Axis, 
or  centre  of 


including— 

Bkisobt  Gaicolia, 

the  seat  of  Sensation,  and  centre  of  Consensual  (or  In- 

?  stinctive)  movements,  or  of  Automatlo  actions  involving 


Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
bral Ganglia; — Nerves  of 
Common  and  Special  Sen* 
sation;  —  Motor  nerves 
forming  part  of  general 
motor  system. 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration. 

Deglutition,  Ac 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nerves. 


K&tt 


BlSPnUTOET 

and 
Btomato-Gastmc 

Ganglia, 
forming  the  true 

centres  of  the 
Medulla  Oblongata; 
instruments  of  RtfiaD 
movements  or  automa- 
tic actions  Independent  of 


Bpdtax 

Gakouok,  or 

Ijrut  SptnalCbrd, 

Consisting  of  a 
coalesced  series  of 
segmental  ganglia, 

ments  of  Refie» 
operations,  or  Au- 
tomatic actions  in- 
dependent of  Sensa- 
tion. 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration. 

Deglutition,  As. 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nerves. 


NERVES 


596 


NERVUS 


The  nerve*  are  covered  and  united  to  the  I 
neighbouring  parts  by  an  abundant  layer  of  fatty 
areolar  texture,  which  sends,  inwards,  prolonga- 
tions that  separate  the  nervous  cords  and  fila- 
ments from  each  other.  The  arterial  trunks, 
whioh  furnish  them,  transmit  branches  into  their 
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not  easily  traced 
even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Nerve,  Accessory,  of  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
—  n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve*—  n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve — n.  Cells,  see  Neurine — n.  Femoral 
outanoous,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Femoro- 
popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser. 

Nerve  Fibres,  Fila  ner'vea,  Tu'buli  ner'vei, 
Fibres  ner*vem.  The  minute  fibrils  or  tubules, 
full  of  nervous  matter,  that  constitute  the  nerves. 
There  is  a  difference  between  the  central  and  pe- 
ripheral portion : — the  former  has  been  called  the 
axis  cylinder  and  primitive  band  ;  the  latter,  the 
medullary  or  white  eubetanee  of  Schwann, — being 
that  to  which  the  peculiarly  white  aspect  of  ce- 
rebrospinal nerves  U  principally  due. 

Nerve,  Genital,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n. 
Genito-crural,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Glu- 
teal of  the  Sacral  plexus,  Sciatio  nerve,  lesser — 
n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Inguinal, 
internal,  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  of  Jacobson, 
Bee  Petrosal  ganglion — n.  Lateral  nasal,  Spheno- 
palatine nerve — n.  Lingual,  Hypoglossal  nerve — 
n.  Naso-ocularis,  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Nasopalpe- 
bral, Nasal  nerve — n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic 
nerve  —  n.  Ocular,  Optic  nerve  —  n.  of  Organic 
life,  Trisplanchnio  nerve — n.  Palpebro-frontal, 
Frontal  nerve  —  n.  Popliteal  internal,  Tibial 
nerve,  posterior — n.  Power,  Nervous  power — n. 
Respiratory,  of  the  face,  Facial  nerve — n.  Respi- 
ratory, superior,  Spinal  nerve — n.  Scapulohu- 
meral, Axillary  nerve — n.  Scrotal,  see  Genito- 
crural  nerve — n.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve— n.  Spiral, 
muscular,  Radial  nerve  —  n.  Sub-occipital,  Occi- 
pital nerve — n.  Sub-pubian,  Genito-crural  nerve 
—  n.  Superficial  temporal,  Auricular  nerve  —  n. 
Sympathetic,  Trisplanchnio  nerve — n.  Temporal 
cutaneous,  Auricular  nerve — n.  Ulnar,  Cubital 
nerve— n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  of  Wris- 
berg,  see  Cutaneous  nerves — n.  Zygomato-auri- 
oular,  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves— n. 
Dorsal,  Intercostal  nerves  —  n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric — n.  Encephalic,  first  pair,  Olfac- 
tory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair,  Spinal 
nerves — n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfactory  nerves — n.  Fifth 
pair,  Trigemini  —  n.  Fourth  pair  of,  Patheticns 
nervus — n.  Infra-orbitar,  Sub-orbitar  nerves — n. 
Ninth  pair  of,  Hypoglossal  nerve — n.  Oculo-mus- 
oular,  common,  Motores  ooulorum  —  n.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  nerves — n.  Recurrent,  Laryngeal 
inferior  nerves — n.  Sixth  pair  of,  Motor  oculi  ex- 
ternus — n.  Spinal,  Vertebral  nerves — n.  Tenth 
pair  of,  Pneumogastrio  —  n.  Third  pair  of,  Moto- 
res oculorum. 

NERVI  ACROMIALES,  Acromial  nerves  — 
n.  Anonymi,  Innominati  nervi — n.  Claviculares, 
Clavicular  nerves — n.  Outanet  clunium  inferiores, 
•ee  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — n.  Divisi,  Trigemini — 
n.  Entobasnontes,  Afferent  nerves — n.  Gustatorii, 
Trigemini. 

Nervi  Mollbb.  '  Soft  nerves.'  The  anterior 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
great  sympathetic,  which  accompany  the  carotid 
artery  and  its  branches,  around  which  they  form 
intricate  plexuses,  and,  here  and  there,  small 
ganglia.  They  are  called  mollee  from  their  soft- 
ness, and  iubru'fi,  from  their  reddish  hue. 

Nervi  Odoratorii,  Olfactory  nerves  —  n.  Re- 
versivi,  Laryngeal  inferior  nerves  —  n.  Subrufl, 
Nervi  molles— n.  Vulneratio,  Neurotrosis. 


NERVINE,  NervVmu,  Neurot'ie,  Jfenrir'ic, 
Antineurotic,  Antineuropath'  ic.  A  medietas 
which  acts  on  the  nervous  system. 

NERVOUS,  Nervo'etu,  Neuro'dee,  Jfer^t^m, 
Neu'rictu.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  nerves. 
Strong.    Also,  weak,  irritable. 

Nervous  Attach:,  (F.)  Attaque  de$  nerfe,  is  an 
affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain,  and  dif- 
ferent nervous  symptoms,  to  whioh  impreaciUs 
individuals  are  liable. 
Nervous  Centres,  see  Centres,  nervous. 
Nervous  Diath'esis  is  termed  Atax'ia  gpiri- 
tuum,  Anoma'lia  nervo'rtant  Statu*  n+rvo'sus,  & 
erethit'icu*,  Diath'eeie  nervo'ea,  OonsHtv'tio  ner- 
vo'ea,  Nervoueneee.  Medically,  nervowmete  mesas 
unusual  impressibility  of  the  nervous  system. 
Formerly,  it  signified  strength,  force,  and  vigour. 
Recently,  it  has  been  applied  to  a  hypochondri- 
acal condition  verging  upon  insanity,  occasion- 
ally occurring  in  those  in  whom  the  brain  has 
been  unduly  tasked; — atondition  termed  by  some 
cerebrop'athy ;  by  others,  brain-fag. 

Nervous  Diseases,  Morbi  nerve? Hj  (F.)  Ifa- 
ladiet  nervetuee.  Affections  seated  in  the  ner- 
vous system.  To  purely  functional  disease  e» 
the  nerves,  Dr.  Laycock  has  given  the  name 
neura'mia,  and  to  the  class  of  diseases  he  apphat 
the  epithet  ncura'mic. 

Nervous  Fluid,  Nervout  principle,  Flu'tdmm 
ner'veum,   Liq'uidum  nerveum,   Svcctts    «m«, 
Spir'itua  vita'li:     The  fluid  which  is  euppo^ed 
to  circulate  through  the  nerves,  and  which  feu 
been  regarded  as  the  agent  of  sensation  and  mo- 
tion.   Of  this  fluid  we  know  nothing,  except  Utat 
it  resembles,  in  many  respects,  the  electric  uf 
galvanic     It  was  formerly  called  Animal  «ptrto> 
Spir'itus  anima'letf  (F.)  E*prit*  aniouiux. 
Nervous  Pain,  Neuralgia. 
Nervous  Power,  Nerve  pacer,   VU  nrrra'm 
sen  nervo'rum,   Ncurodyna'miQ,  jVeurWy'waftM. 
The  power  of  the  nerves  as  exhibited  in  the  liv. 
ing  organism. 
Nervous  Principle,  N.  fluid. 
Nervous  System.    The  nerves  of  the  bonus 
body  considered  collectively.     See  Nerves. 

Nervous  System  op  the  Automatic  Fac- 
tions, Trisplanchnio  nerve  —  n.  System,  gangli- 
onic, see  Trisplanchnio  nerve  —  n.  System,  or- 
gauic,  see  Trisplanchnio  nerve — n.  System  of  tin 
senses,  Medulla  oblongata — n.  System  of  veto- 
tary  motion,  Ac,  Medulla  spinalis. 
NERVOUSNESS,  Nervous  diathesis. 
NERVUS,  see  Nerve,  Penis — n.  Ambulatern* 
Pneumogastrio  nerve  —  n.  Anonymns,  Trigveiai 
n.  Caroticus,  Carotid  nerve  —  n.  Cerrieo-&cis!i* 
Cervico- facial  nerve  —  n.  Communicans  facist 
Facial  nerve — n.  Cntaneus  internus,  see  Sajk- 
nous  nerves  —  n.  Cutaneus  internns  tongas,  sw 
Saphenous  nerves — n.  Decimus,  Pneumogastrio— 
n.  Genito-cruralis,  Cenito-crural  nerve. 

Nervus  Impar.  A  prolongation  of  the  seen* 
lemma  below  the  lower  extremity  of  the  spisd 
oord,  as  a  fibrous  filament,  which  is  inserted  n» 
the  base  of  the  coccyx.  It  was  formerly  reganfeo* 
as  a  nerve : — hence  its  name. 

Nervus  Incisivus,  Incisive  nerve — n.  Ism- 
minatus  Trigemini — n.  Ischiadicus,  Sciatic  cent 
— n.  Juvenilis,  men  is — n.  Latus,  A  chillis  tend*— 
n.  Lingualis  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal  ncrre  — 
n.  Lingualis  Pedius,  Hypoglossal  nerve  — a 
Lumbo-inguinalis,  Genito-crural  nerve — n.Nii» 
tus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Musculi  pterygoidei,  Pterj. 
goid  nerve — n.  Naso-ciliaris,  Nasal  nerrt— a 
Opticus,  Optic  nerve — n.  Pneumogastrieos,  Pae«* 
mogastric' — n.  Pudendus  externus,  see  Ue&ift- 
crural  nerve— n.  Quintus,  Trigemini — n.  Spans* 
ticus,  see  Gonito-craral  nerve — n.  Subcutaneas 


HESTIA 


5«r 


NEURALGIA 


mala,  Orbitar  nerve — n.  Sympathetica  medius, 
Trigeminy  Pneumogastric  —  n.  Sympathetica 
minor,  Facial  nerve  —  n.  Sympathicus  medius, 
Trigemini — n.  Tempore- facial  is,  Temporo-facial 
nerve — n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Tre- 
mellus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Trochlears,  Patheticus 
nervus — n.  Vagus  cum  accessorio,  Spinal  nerve. 

NESTIA,  Jejunum. 

NESTIATRIA,  Limotherapeia, 

NESTIS,  Jejunum. 

NESTITHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTOTHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

NETLEAF,  Qoodyera  pubescena. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  Lamium 
album  —  n.  Dead,  Lamium  album,  L.  amplexi- 
eaule — n.  Dwarf,  Urtica  urens — n.  Hedge,  Gale- 
opsis  —  n.  Pill-bearing,  Urticaria  pilulifera — n. 
Rash,  Urticaria — n.  Stinging,  common,  Urtica. 

NETWORT,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEURADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia. 

NEURJ2MIA,  Bee  Nervous  diseases. 

NEURJSMIC,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEURAL;  from  vcvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Relating 
to  a  nerve  or  to  the  nervous  system. 

Neural  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pos- 
terior projections  connected  with  the  body  of  the 
vertebra,  which  protect  the  medulla. 

Neural  Axis,  see  Encephalon  —  n.  Spines, 
Spinous  processes. 

NEURAL'GIA,  from  nvsov,  'a  nerve/  and 
«Ayof,  '  pain.'  Bhsumatis'mus  spu'rius  nervo'sus, 
Neurodynia,  (F.)  Nivralgie,  Nivrodynie,  Ner- 
vous pain,  A  generic  name  for  a  certain  number 
of  diseases,  the  chief  symptom  of  which  is  a  very 
acute  pain,  exacerbating  or  intermitting,  whioh 
follows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch,  extends 
to  its  ramifications,  and  seems,  therefore,  to  be 
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal  neuralgia 
have  been  distinguished  by  the  names  facial  (of 
which  the  infra-orbitar,  maxillary,  and  frontal 
aro  but  divisions) — the  ilio-scrotal,  femoro-popli- 
tealj  femoro-pretibial,  plantar,  and  cubito-digital. 
A  division  of  anomalous  neuralgia)  has  likewise 
been  admitted. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and  the 
greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made  use 
of: — bleeding,  general  and  local, — emetics,  pur- 
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cautery, 
narcotics,  mercurial  frictions,  electricity;  de- 
struction of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  Ac  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  given  in  doses  of  some  magnitude ; 
as,  for  instanoe,  gss  or  J)ij,  twice  or  thrice  a  day, 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  generally  relieve,  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  means  clear ; 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  any  other  remedy 
used  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free ;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Neural'oia,  Anok'alous.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  inoluded  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterised  by  acute  pains  circum- 
scribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extending  by 
irradiations,  but  not  having  their  scat  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve;  and  others  which  are  occa- 
sioned by  tumours  in  the  course  of  a  nerve,  or 
which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  divisions 
of  nerves. 

Neuralgia  Brachtalis,  Brachialgia — n.  Bra- 
ehio-thoraoica,  Angina  pectoris  —  n.  Cruralis,  N. 
femoro-tibialis. 

Neuralgia  Cu'Brro-DiGrrALis,  lochias  ner- 
vo'sa digita'Us.   In  this  variety  the  pain  extends 


from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes  under  the 
inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the  hand  and  to  its 
cubital  edge. 

Neuralgia  Dentaus,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 

Neuralgia,  Fa'cial,  Neuralgia  fa'ciei,  Tris- 
mus maxilla' ria,  T.  Dolorif'ieus,  Opsial'gia,  Do- 
lor eru'eians  faciei,  Hemiera'nia  idiopath'ica, 
Autal'gia  dolor  0**0,  Tie  douloureux,  Dolor  faciei, 
Dolor  faciei  typ'ico  charade' ri,  D.  F.  Fothergilli, 
Trismus  cUm'icus,  T.  dolorif'ieus,  Bheumatis' mus 
eancro'sus,  Bhematis'mus  larva' tus,  Prosoj>al'gia, 
Prosopodyn'ia,  Dolor  faciei  period' icus,  Ftbris 
top'ica,  Ophthalmodynia  period' ica,  Tortu'ra 
Oris,  Affectus  spasmodico-eonvulsi'vus  Labio'rum, 
is  characterised  by  acute  lancinating  pains,  re- 
turning at  intervals ;  and  by  twinges  in  certain 
parts  of  the  face,  producing  convulsive  twitches 
in  the  corresponding  muscles.  It  may  be  seated 
in  the  frontal  nerve,  in  the  infra-orbitar,  or  in  the 
maxillary  branoh  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Metopodyn'ia,  Brow-ague,  Neural' gia  fronta'- 
lis,  Ophthalmodynia,  Tic  douloureux,  Dolor  pe- 
riod'icus,  Ac,  oommeneos  at  the  superciliary  fora- 
men and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the 
frontal  nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruncula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  parti- 
cularly in  the  orbit 

Neuralgia  infra-orbita'ria,  Dolor  faciei  atrox, 
BheumatWmus  eancro'sus,  Trismus  clou' icus,  Pro- 
sopalgia, Febris  top'ica,  Odontalgia  remit' tens 
at  intermit' tens,  Hemiera'nia  sava,  Infra-orbitar 
neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux,  is  chiefly  felt  in  the 
infra-orbitar  foramen,  whenoe  it  passes  to  the 
cheek,  upper  lip,  ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  Ac 

In  Neuralgia  maxilla'ris,  Qnathal'gia,  Onatho- 
neural' gia,  Tie  douloureux,  Trismus  catarrha'lis 
maxillaris,  the  pain  usually  sets  out  from  the 
mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the  chin,  lips,  tem- 
ple, teeth,  and  tongue. 

Neuralgia,  False.  A  term  assigned  to  pains 
along  a  nerve  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  pains  termina- 
ting with  the  removal  of  the  compressing  cause. 

Neuralgia  Fem'oro-poplitjb'a,  Sciatica, 
Sohias,  Malum  ischiad'icum,  Morbus  ischiad'icus, 
Passio  ischiad'ica,  Ischiagra,  Ischialgia,  Ischio'- 
sis,  Ooxal'gia,  Neural'oia  Isehiadica,  Dolor  Is- 
chiad'icus nervo'sus,  lochias  nervo'sa  Cotugnii 
vel  Cotunnii,  Neurisch'ias,  Ischias  nervo'sa  pos- 
ti'ca,  lochias,  Cox'agra,  Ischias  rheumat'icum, 
Ischiadic*,  Ischoneural'gia,  (F.)  Sciatique,  Qoutte 
sciatique.  This  is  characterised  by  pain  follow- 
ing the  great  sciatic  nerve  from  the  ischiatio 
notch  to  the  ham,  and  along  the  peroneal  surface 
of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  Fbx'oro-prjetibia'lis,  N.  crural, 
Ischias  nervo'sa  anti'ca,  Scelal'gia  anti'ca.  In 
this,  the  pain,  setting  out  from  the  groin,  spreads 
along  the  fore  part  of  the  thigh,  and  passes  down, 
chiefly,  on  the  inner  side  of  the  log,  to  the  inner 
ankle  and  back  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  of  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris — 
n.  Hepatica,  Hepatalgia. 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Scrotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute  pain, 
in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first  lumbar 
pair ;  this  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and  accom- 
panies the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testicle,  which 
is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia,  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism  —  u. 
Lienis,  Splenalgia. 

Neural'gia  MAintA,  Ir'ritable  breast.  An  ex- 
ceedingly painful  affection  of  the  female  momma, 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation. 

Neuralgia  Plahta'rib.  This  is  rare;  and 
the  pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar 
nerves. 


NEUBASTHENIA 


598 


NtTRUTE 


Keckalou  Besci,  Nephralgia — n.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation — a.  Testis,  Orehidalgia. 

NECBASTHEXI'A,  Xeuradyna'mia,  DebtP- 
itas  nervr/ea.  Debility  or  impaired  activity  of 
the  nerves  ;  from  vcvptr, '  a  nerve/  and  meSarus, 
'debility/— See  Irritable. 

NEUBICUS,  Nervous. 

NEUBILEMM'A,  NeuriWna,  Neurtlfma, 
Neu'rymen,  Perinen'rum,  Fistula  sea  Tu'bulme 
•en  Caj/eula  sen  Involu'erum  nerTO,rum7  Mem- 
bra'na  ten  Membran'ula  fen  Tunica  aen  /»</«- 
atea'tana  aertx/rast,  Vagi'na  nerro'rum;  (F.) 
Nfvrilemme  ;  from  mpov,  'a  nerre/  and  Xcppa, 
4  a  coat'  The  fine  transparent,  and  apparently 
fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds  the  nerves — to 
every  filament  of  which  it  forms  a  true  eanaL 

NEURILEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEUBILEMMI'TIS,  Neurilemma  ti' tie,  Neu- 
rolemmati'tie,  Neurili'tie,  (F.)  Nivrilemmite* 
Same  etymon.    Inflammation  of  the  neurilemma. 

NEURILITIS,  Neurilemmas. 

NEURILYMA,  Neurilemma. 

NEUBINE,  MeduU'a  nervo*rum,  (F.)  Nevrine. 
The  substance  of  which  the  nervous  system  is 
composed.  It  consists  chiefly  of  albumen  and  a 
peculiar  fatty  matter,  associated  with  phosphorus. 
There  are  two  kinds  of  nenrine — the  one  reticu- 
lar or  consisting  essentially  of  nerve  veeiclee  or 
nerve  cell*  or  corpuscles,  or,  as  they  are  some- 
times called,  from  their  prevailing  in  the  ganglia 
—ganglion  corpuscles  and  ganglion  globules/  the 
other,  the  tubular;  formed — as  the  word  imports 
—of  tubules.  The  former  is  the  eineritioue  or 
cortical  nervous  matter  of  the  older  anatomists; — 
the  latter,  the  white  or  medullary.  The  vehicular 
nenrine  appears  to  be  concerned  in  the  produc- 
tion and  distribution  of  nerve-power ;  the  tubular, 
In  its  conduction. 

NEURISCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

NEURITIC,  Nervine. 

NEURI'TIS,  Inflanma'tio  nervo'rum,  Neuro- 
phlogo'sia,  Neurophleg'mone',  (F.)  Inflammation 
dee  Ner/ff  Nevrite,  from  vtvpov,  'a  nerve/  and 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  a  nervo. 

NEUROBLACI'A,  from  wpov,  'a  nerve/  and 
pkaKtia,  *  stupor.'    Insensibility  of  the  nerves. 

NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from  vtvpev,  'a  si- 
new/ x°^P°f*  <a  cartilage/  and  tt6os,  'resem- 
blance.' A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew  and 
a  cartilage. 

NEURODBS,  Nervous. 

NEURODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power. 

NEUR0DYNAMI8,  Nervous  power. 

NEURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 

NEUROGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 

NEUROGRAPHY,  Neurography*;  from  vw- 
pov,  'a  nerve/  and  ypafti,  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  whieh  describes  the  nerves. 

NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEUR0LEMMATITI8,  Nenrilemmitis. 

NEUROL'OGY,  Neurolog"iaf  (F.)  Nfvrologic, 
from  vcvpov,  'a  nerve/  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 

NEURO'MA,  (F.)  Nevr6me,  from  vtvpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.  Ap- 
plied to  subcutaneous,  circumscribed,  and  highly 
painful  tumours  formed  on  the  tissue  of  the 
nerves ;  and  likewise  to  small,  hard,  grayish  tu- 
mours of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  are  observed  in 
the  oourse  of  nerves,  and  appear  to  be  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 

NEUROMALA'CIA ;  from  vtepov,  'a  nerve/ 
and  ua\a*ia,  'softening.'    Softening  of  nerves. 

NEUROMETRES,  Psoa. 


NEUROMYELITIS, 
/ntXtt  *  marrow,'  and  Hie,  denoting  t 
Inflammation  of  ifce  nardaiiiry 


nerves. 
NEUBON,  see  Nerve. 

NBCBOX'OSOS,  X* 
nerve/  and  v—f,  *a  < 
nerves. 

NEUBONTG'M*,  Nemromyfmuu,  Xemrcr  jj-'-*. 
from  rap**,  'a  nerve,'  and  w/pw,  *pmmetanf 
Puue'tio  nervi.    Puncture  of  a  nerre. 

NEUB0PATH1C,  3«n>iwta7c»a.froBa  m*., 
'a  nerve,'  and  xa0»c,  'a  disease.'  Be?oogi£~  :o 
disease  of  the  nerves,  to  Semropeali'a,  at  Acfe. 
ron'osoe. 

NEUBOPHLEGMONB,  N< 

NEUROPHLOGOSIS,  ] 

NEUROPLAS'TY,  Nemropiae'tiei,  (T.)  Xfv- 
roplastie,  from  vcvpor,  'a  nerve,'  and  vA«rru»c, 
'forming.'  M.  Serres  applies  this  term  to  a  gaa- 
glionary  alteration  of  the  peripheral  nerves. 

NEUBOPYBA,  Fever,  nervous,  Typhus  m!ti-:T. 

NEUBOPYBETUS,  Fever,  nervous,  TVpaaj 
mitior. 

NEUBO'SES,  (F.)  JVeerssee,  from  vteeww.  'a 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  suppo**! 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  acJ 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation,  vo- 
lition, or  mental  manifestation ;  without  any  evi- 
dent lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  a&4 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  axtrihutat 
them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow. 

NEUEO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

NEUROSPASMS  see  Spasm. 

NEUROSTHENI'A,  (F.)  AVrrtrtaeai'c  fra 
vtvpev, '  a  nerve/  and  oQtnia, '  strength.'  Excess 
of  nervous  irritation.    Nervous  irritation. 

NEUROTHELIO  APPARATUS,  Corpus  pa. 
pillare. 

NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

NEUROTICA.  Diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion.   The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology. 

NEUROTOME,  Neurofomu* ;  frosn  maw, 
'a  nerve/  and  rtuim,  'I  cut,'  'I  dissect*  Aa 
instrument  used. by  anatomists  to  diseeet  tis 
nerves.  It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
having  two  edges. 

NEUROTOMY,  Neurotem'ia,  (F.)  Ntmtomk. 
Same  etymon.  Dissection  of  the  nerves.  Ate, 
an  incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 

NEUBOTBO'SIS,  Neurotros'muM,  from 
'a  nerve/  and  rpums,  *  wounding.'    Nervi  i 
ra'tio.    Wound  or  wounding  of  a  nerve. 

NEUBOTROSMUS,  Neurotrosia. 

NEURYMBN,  Neurilemma. 

NEUTA,  Neutka.  A  membrane,  aceordisr* 
Paracelsus,  which  covers  the  eyes  and  ears  of  tat 
foetus  in  utero. 

NEUTRAL,  from  neuter,  'neither.'  Belongs; 
to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutral  Salts,  Secondary  atrfa,  (P.)  &* 
neutres.  Salts,  composed  of  two  primitive  nuts* 
substances,  combined  together,  and  not  poster- 
ing the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS,  MINERAL  WATER8  OF.  There*! 
springs  in  the  department  of  AUier,  Frasee. 
Temperature,  136°  to  148°  Fahrenheit. 

NBVRALGIE,  Neuralgia— <•.  dm  /We,  Hepe- 
talgia— n.  dee  Reins,  Nephralgia— «.  de  PCtirm, 
Hy8teralgia. 

NJSVRILEMME,  Neurilemma. 

N&VR1LEMMITE,  Neurilemmitis. 

N&VRINE,  Neurina. 


NtrniTs 


599 


HITRAS 


N&VRITE,  Neuritis. 
N&VRODYNIE,  Neuralgia. 

NJSVROLOQIE,  Neurology. 

NJIVROME,  Neuroma. 
N&VROSE  DU  C(EUR,  Angina  pectoris. 
N&VROSES,  Neuroses. 
NtiVROSTHJitNIE,  Neurosthenia, 
N^VROTOME,  Neurotome. 

N&VROTOHIE,  Neurotomy. 

NEVUS,  Nsbvus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  Musoonet- 
oong  mountain,  there  are  chalybeate  springs, 
which  are  resorted  to.  See  Schooler's  Mountain. 

NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  BaUston,  Saratoga, 
and  Sharon. 

NEXUS  STAMINEUS  OCULI,  Ciliary  body. 

NEZ,  Nasus. 

NIANDRIA  ANOMALA,  Anisodus  luridu*. 

NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  Cssselpinia. 

NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Niee 
possesses  some  advantages  over  the  neighbour- 
ing climates  of  Provenoe  and  Italy,  being  free 
from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  protected 
from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is  the 
most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  is  very 
dry.  It  has  been  a  great  winter  retreat  for  the 
consumptive;  but  does  not  deserve  the  enco- 
miums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gymnodadus  Canadensis. 

NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  NieoaWmus. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time, — in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil,— -old  turpen- 
tine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  oxyd  of  sine,  Ac. 

NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum— n.  Minor,  N.  rus- 
tic*. 

Nicotia'na  Rus'ttca,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe ;  N.  minor,  Priapei'a,  Hyos- 
cy'amus  lu'teus,  English  Tobacco.  The  leaves 
possess  the  properties  of  tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

Nicotiana  Tab'aoux,  Nicotia'na,  Herba  to- 
baci,  Tabacum,  Petum,  Petun,  Hyosey'amus  Pe- 
rnvia'nus,  Tobacco,  Virgin' i a  tobacco,  (F.)  Tabac, 
Nicotians.  Tobacco  is  a  violent  acro-narootic ; 
its  properties  seeming  to  depend  upon  a  peculiar 
principle,  Nicotin  or  Nicotianin.  It  is  narcotic, 
sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  cathartic,  and  errhine. 
In  incarcerated  hernia,  it  is  injected,  in  the  form 
of  smoke  or  infusion,  but  requires  great  caution. 
It  is  extensively  and  habitually  used  as  an  errhine 
and  sialogogue.  The  infusion  is  used  to  kill  ver- 
min, and  in  some  outaneous  eruptions. 

NICOTIANE,  Niootiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIANIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICTATIO,  Hippus,  Nictatio. 

NICTA'TION,  Nicta'tio,  Nictita'tio,  from  ntc- 
tare,  *  to  wink.'  Clonus  nictita'tio,  Blepharism'us, 
Palpebra'tio,  Twinkling  of  the  eye,  (F.)  Clignote- 
ment,  Clignement,  CiUement,  JSouris.  A  rapid 
and  repeated  movement  of  the  eyelids,  which 
open  and  shut  alternately.  As  occasionally  per- 
formed, it  is  physiological ;  if  repeatedly,  a  dis- 
ease. It  seems  to  be  executed  chiefly  by  the 
motor  7th  pair  of  nerves ;  but  it  is  necessary  that 
the  excitor  5th  pair  should  likewise  be  in  a  state 
of  integrity. 

NIDAMENTUM,  Decidua, 

NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 

NI'DOROUS,  Nidorofeue,  CF.)  Nidoreux,  from 
Nidor,  Cnissa,  'the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
Ac  Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  animal 
matter. 

NIDUS,  Nidus  hirundinis. 


Nidus  HmuH'DiHi*,  Nidue,  Svattowe'  Nest 
A  deep  fossa  in  the  cerebellum  —  so  called  from 
its  fancied  resemblance — situate  between  the  ve- 
lum medullarc  posterius  in  front,  and  the  nodu- 
lus  and  uvula  behind. 

NIEDERBRONN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  waters  in  the  department  of  Bas-Rhin, 
France,  which  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  oarbonio  acid. 

NIELLE,  Nigella. 

NI6ELLA,  Coptis. 

Niqbl'la,  N.  Sati'va,  Melan'thium,  Cumi'num 
Nigrum,  Fennel  /lower,  Nutmeg  flower,  Devil  in 
a  bush,  (F.)  Nigelle,  Nielle.  This  small  southern 
European  and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly  used 
medicinally  as  an  expectorant  and  deobstruent, 
errhine,  sialogogue,  Ac. 

NIGELLE,  Nigella. 

NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

NIGHT  EYES,  Crusta  genu  equina?— n.  Mare, 
Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara— 
n.  Common,  Solanum — n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bella- 
donna—  n.  Enchanter's,  Circssa  Lutetiana  —  n. 
Garden,  Solanum  —  n.  Palestine,  Solanum  sanc- 
tum—  n.  Stinking,  Hyosoyamus  niger — n.  Vine, 
Solanum  dulcamara — n.  Woody,  Solanum  dul- 
camara. 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelidts. 

NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES,  Melanopathia— n.  Ossium,  Ca- 
ries. 

NIGRITISM,  Melanopathia. 

NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis— n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

NIGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NIGROR,  Melasma. 

NIGRUM  OCULI,  PupiL 

NIHIL  ALBUM,  Zinoi  oxydum— n.  Grisemn, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NILIACUM,  Mel. 

NINDSIN,  Sium  ninsL 

NINE-DAY  FITS,  Trismus  nasoentium. 

NINSI,  Sium  ninsi. 

NINSING,  Panax  quinqnefolium. 

NINZIN,  Sium  ninsi. 

NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The  Teat,  Tit,  Dug, 
Pap,  Acromas'tium,  Uber,  Staph'ylie,  Staphyl'- 
iumy  Bubona,  MammiVla,  Mammel'la,  Papilla, 
TheU,  Titthi,  Titthos,  Tit'thion,  Titthis,  (F.) 
Mamelon.  The  conical  tubercle,  situate  at  the 
centre  of  the  breast  Towards  the  central  part 
of  each  breast  the  skin  changes  colour,  and  as- 
sumes a  rosy  tint  in  young  females,  or  a  reddish 
brown  in  those  who  have  suckled  several  chil- 
dren. The  circle  is  called  the  Areola  or  Aureola 
of  the  nipple.  The  nipple  is  capable  of  erection 
on  being  excited. 

NIPPLEWORT,  Lapsana. 

NIRLES,  Herpes  exedens. 

NISUS,  Nixue,  Peira,  Straining,  from  LaL 
nitor,  *  to  endeavour.'  A  voluntary  retention  of 
the  breath,  so  as  to  force  down  the  diaphragm ; 
the  abdominal  muscles  being  at  the  same  time 
contracted  forcibly.  In  this  manner  the  contents 
of  the  abdomen  are  compressed ;  and  the  evacua- 
tion of  the  faeces,  urine,  Ac,  is  effected. 

Nisu8,  Effort — n.  Formativus,  Plastic  force. 

Nisus  PARTURiBirnux.  The  efforts  or  forcing 
during  parturition. 

NITEDULA,  Cioindela. 

NITON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sulphate  of  alumina  and  potassa. 

NITRAS  KALICUM,  Potass©  nitras— n.  Liz* 
ivi»,  Potassss  nitras — n.  Natricum,  Soda,  nitrate 
of — n.  Plumbicus,  Plumbi  nitras — n.  Potass** 


NITRATE 


NOISETTE 


m  sulphur*  rasus,  Potaesss  nitru  fusus  sul- 
phaiis  pancillo  mixtus — n.  Sub-bismuthicum, 
Bismuth,  sub-nitrate  of. 

NI'TRATB,  irifras.  A  salt,  formed  of  ft  base 
and  nitric  acid.  Several  nitrates  are  employed 
In  medicine. 

NITRATE  UAMMONIAQUE,  Ammonis 
ultras  —  n.  1/ Argent,  Argenti  nitras. 

NITRE,  Potasses  nitras — n.  Cubic,  Soda,  ni- 
trate of. 

NITRIC  ACID,  Acidum  ni'tricum,  A.  azo'ti- 
enm,  A.  tepfticum,  A.  nitri,  Aqua  fortit,  Nitron* 
acid,  Spir'itus  nitri  duplex,  Sp.  nitri  fumans,  Sp. 
nitri  Qlaube'ri,  Azotic  acid,  Dephlogisticated 
nitrous  aeid,  Oxytepton'ic  aeid,  Spir'itu*  nitri 
aef'idus,  (F.)  Aeide  nitrique.  Nitric  acid  is  ob- 
tained from  nitre— Nitrate  ofpotassa.  Its  odour 
is  suffocating ;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic  It  is 
corrosive,  liquid,  colourless,  and  transparent. 
8.  g.  1.500. 

Strong  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as  an 
application  to  foul,  indolent  ulcers,  or  to  wart*. 
When  given  internally,  it  is  in  the  form  of  the 
Acidum  nVtrieum  dilu'tum,  Sptr'itxut  nitri  sim- 
plex, Sp.  nitri  vulga'ri» — the  Diluted  nitric  aeid, 
which,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
consists  of  nitric  acid,  <$),  water,  £ix,  by  measure. 
Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is  used,  as  a  drink, 
in  fevers  of  the  typhoid  kind ;  in  chronic  affec- 
tions of  the  liver,  syphilis,  Ac. ;  but,  in  the  latter 
affections,  it  is  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

NITROGEN,  Azote. 

Ni'trogek,  Gaseous  Oxide  of,  Nitrous  oxide, 
Protox'ide  of  nitrogen  or  of  azote,  Paradise  got, 
Intoxicating  gat,  Laughing  gat,  Dephlogisticated 
nitroue  gas,  Oat  azot'icum  oxygena'tum.  This 
gas,  when  respired,  produces  singular  effects; 
great  mental  and  corporeal  excitement;  and, 
generally,  so  much  exhilaration  as  to  render  the 
appellation,  u  laughing  gat"  by  no  means  inap- 
propriate. It  has  not  been  much  used  in  medi- 
cino,  although  recommended  in  paralysis.  Its 
effects  aro  too  violent  and  too  transient  to  render 
it  a  valuable  remedial  agent;  and,  in  the  deli- 
oate,  it  has  been  productive  of  unpleasant  effects, 
inducing  palpitation,  fainting,  and  convulsions. 

Nit  rook  n,  Protoxidh  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of.       N 

NITROGENS,  Asote. 

NITROGENIUM,  Azote. 

NI'TROGENIZED,  A'zoted,  A'zoHzed.  Con- 
taining nitrogen  or  azote: — as  a  nilrogenized, 
azoted,  or  azotized  aliment. 

NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  nitro- 
muriat'icum,  Nitro-hydrochlor'io  acid,  Hydro- 
chloro-nitrie  aaid,  Aqua  reaia,  Aqua  ttyg"ia, 
Chrytulca,  Aqua  regie,  Acidum  muriatieum  ni- 
tro'eo-oxygena'tum,  Menstruum  auri,  (P.)  Eau  ri- 
gale.  A  mixture  of  the  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
has  been  used  in  diseases  of  the  liver,  in  the  form 
of  a  bath  for  the  feet  and  legs  made  sharply  aci- 
dulous. It  has,  also,  been  employed,  and  with 
more  uniform  results,  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Whatever  advantage  it  may  possess  in  internal 
diseases  —  and  these  advantages  are  doubtful  — 
they  are  probably  dependent  upon  the  chlorine 
formed  by  the  mixture,  or  upon  the  properties 
possessed  by  the  mineral  acids  in  general.  See 
Chlorine. 

The  Acidum  nitro-mnriaticum  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  is  formed  by  mixing 
four  fluidounoes  of  nitric  acid  with  eight  of  muri- 
atic acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of. 

NITRU M,  Natron,  Potasses  nitras  —  n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda — n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — 
d.  Factitium,  Borax — n.  Flammans,  Ammonias 
■tea*—- n.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras— n.  Rhomboi- 


dale,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n.  Saturninum,  Phrmbi 
nitras — n.  Vitriolatnm  Schroederi,  Potasasa  sul- 
phas—n.  Tabulatum,  Potassss  nitras  fusus  cnl- 
phatis  pancillo  mixtus — a.  Vitriolatnm,  Po 
sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — a.  Fumans,  Calx  viva— 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NIXUS,  Nisus— n.  Partarientinm,  Nisus  par 
turientium. 

NOAH'S  ARE,  Cypripedram  luteom. 

NOBLE,  Nob'ilit,  Principal,  Essen'tiaL 

Noble  Pabts,.  Partes  essentia' Us*  Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  Ac  The  organs  of  generation  have, 
likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCAR, w#«ap,  TorporTSoporif'icut.  Lethargic 
torpor. 

NOCTAMBULATIO,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 

NOCTILUCA,  Cineindela. 

NOCTISURGIUM,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTUI'NI  OC'ULL  Gray  or  bine  eye*,— 
CastellL 

NOCTURNA  BELLA,  Coitus. 

NOCTUR'NAL,  Noctur'nus,  Nyettr'inm^  from, 
nox,  'night'  Relating  to  night,  as  Fcbris  noe- 
tur'na  seu  nyctcr'ina,  A  fever  occurring  in  the 
night 

NODDING,  Annuitio. 

NODDLEPOX,  Syphilomania. 

NODE,  Nodus,  Emphy'ma  exosto'sis  periae'tea, 
(F.)  Nodositi,  Nceud;  from  Hebr.  1J,  «»  heap.' 
A  hard  concretion  or  incrustation,  which  forms 
around  joints  attacked  with  rheumatism  or  gout 
Some  include,  under  this  name,  exostoses,  arti- 
cular calculi,  ganglions,  and  even  the  chronic 
swellings  of  the  joints,  known  under  the  name 
of  white  swellings. 

NODES,  Edentulus. 

NODI  DIGITORUM  HANUS,  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers — n.  Laetea,  Infarctus  mamma?  laeteus 
— n.  Nervorum,  Ganglions,  nervous — n.  Hsemor- 
rhoidales,  see  Hsemorrhois. 

NODOI,  Nefrendes. 

NODOSIA,  see  Nefrendes. 

NODOSIT&,  Node. 

NOD'ULI  ARAN'TII,M>rfttJi  Uorgagn'iiJCor'. 
pora  Aran'tii.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies  situate 
on  the  periphery  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the 
aorta  and  pulmonary  artery,  for  the  better  occlu- 
sion of  the  artery. 

Noduli  MoROAGira,  Noduli  Arantii  — n.  Ner- 
vorum, Ganglions,  nervous. 

NOD'ULUS,  diminutive  of  nodus,  '%  knot'  A 
small  knot  A  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the 
portion  of  the  cerebellum,  which  forms  the  poste- 
rior boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  The  noda- 
lus  is  on  the  median  line,  and  before  the  uvula. 
See  Vermiform  process,  inferior. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus,  BncystU, 
Hamma — n.  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii — n.  Chirurgt- 
cus,  Knot,  surgeon's  —  n.  Enoephali,  N<r*d  de 
YEndphale,  Pons  Varolii — n.  Hystericus,  Global 
hystericus — n.  Vitro,  Centrum  vitale. 

NOESIS,  Intellect 

N(EUD,  Node  —  n.  dm  Ohirurgien,  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— n.  Emballeur,  Knot,  packer's. 

N(EUD  DE  UENC&PRALE  (P.),  Nodm 
Eneeph'ali.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this  name, 
inoludes  the  pons  Varolii,  peduncles  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum,  and  the  tuberculn  quadri- 
gemina. 

NCEUD  VITAL,  Centrum  vitale. 

NCEUDS,  Calculi,  arthritic, 

NOISETIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

NOISETTE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) 


NOIX 


601 


NOSTALGIA 


NOIX,  Juglans  rogia  (nux) — n.  Amtricaine, 
Jatropha  curcas — n.  des  Barbades,  Jatropha  cur- 
eas — n.  Cathartique,  Jatropha  curcaa — n.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans— ».  de  Galle,  Bee  Quercus  infeetoria 
—  n.  d«  Serpent,  see  Thevetia  Ahouai  —  n.  Fo- 
mique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINARIA,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

NOLI  ME  TANGERE,  Lupus,  see  Chancreux 
(Bouton.) 

NOMA,  Cancer  aquations —  n.  Pudendorum, 
Colpocace  infantilis. 

NOM'AD,  Nom'ade,  Nomas,  from  voun,  'pas- 
turage/ An  epithet  given  to  people  who  hare 
no  fixed  habitation,  and  who  travel,  with  their 
locks,  from  oountry  to  country,  for  pasturage. 
Such  are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy,  the  word 
Nvmad'ic  has  been  applied  to  spreading  ulcer. 

NOMBRIL,  Umbilicus— n.  de  Ylnus,  Cotyle- 
don umbilicus. 

NOME,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Phagedenic  ulcers. 

NOMENCLATURE,  Nomencla'tio,  Nomen- 
clatu'ray  OnomcUolog',ia,  0  noma  tocle' sis,  Tcrmon'- 
ology,  Terminology,  Orismol'ogy,  from  ovopa, 
'name/  and  koXsu,  'I  call.'  A  collection  of 
terms  or  words  peculiar  to  a  science  or  art.  In 
all  sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object  of  import- 
ance j  and  each  term  should  convey  to  the  stu- 
dent a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisierian  no- 
menclature was  a  valuable  gift  to  ohemistry ;  and 
anatomy  has  derived  advantage  from  the  labours 
of  Barclay,  Dumas,  and  Chaussier,  who  have 
given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their  situation. 
Bee  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of  pathology  has 
required  the  greatest  attention;  and  although 
repeated  attempts  have  been  made  to  improve  it, 
the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace  it  are  still 
frequently  adopted.  It  consists  of  Hebrew  and 
Arabic  terms ;  Greek  and  Latin,  French,  Italian, 
Spanish,  German,  English,  and  even  Indian,  Afri- 
can, and  Mexican ;  often  barbarously  and  illegiti- 
mately compounded.  A  want  of  principle  in 
founding  the  technical  terms  of  medicine  is  every 
where  observable.  They  have  been  formed:  — 
1.  Frdm  colour;  as  Melama,  Melas,  Atrabilis, 
Leuce,  Alphos,  Chlorosis,  Rubeola,  Scarlatina, 
Purpura,  Ac.  2.  From  duration;  as  ephemeral, 
quotidian,  tertian,  and  quartan,  continued,  and  in- 
termittent, ±o.  3.  From  Bird*,  Beast*,  Fishes, 
Insects,  and  Plants;  as  Rabies  canina,  Cynanche, 
Boulimia,  Pica,  Hippopyon,  Elephantiasis,  Urti- 
caria, Lichen,  Ichthyosis,  Ac.  4.  From  Persons 
or  Places;  as  Morbus  Hercideus,  Fades  Hippo- 
cratica,  Lepra  Arabum,  Plica  Polonica,  Sudor 
Anglicus,  Morbus  Qallicus,  Ignis  Sancti  Antonii, 
Chorea  Sancti  Viti,  Ac. 

NOMUS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

NON-NAT'URALS,  Non  natura'licu  Under 
this  term  the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat,  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  mind.  They  were  so  called,  be- 
cause thoy  affect  man  without  entering  into  his 
composition,  or  constituting  his  nature;  but  yet 
are  so  necessary  that  he  cannot  live  without  them. 

NON-SANE,  Insane. 

NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see 
Muscular  fibre. 

NON  US  HUMERI  PLACENTINI,  Teres 
minor — n.  Linguae  musculus,  Genio-glosius — n. 
Vesalii,  PeronsBus  tertius. 

NOOS,  Intellect 

NORMA  VERTICALIS,  see  Normal. 

NORMAL,  Norma' lis,  from  norma,  'a  perpen- 
dicular/ 'a  rule.'  According  to  rule;  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  normal  line,  norma  vertica'lie,  of  Blumen-, 
bach,  is  a  vertical  line  let  fall  from  the  promi- 
nence of  the  frontal  bone  and  shaving  the  supe- 


rior maxillary,  so  as  to  mark  the  projection  of 
the  latter  bone  beyond  tho  arch  of  the  forehead. 

NORRIS'S  DROPS,  see  Antimonium  tarUri- 
■aturn. 

NORTON'S  DROPS,  Liquor  bydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis. 

NOSACERUS,  Sickly. 

NOSE,  Nasus— n.  Bleed,  Epistaxis— n.  Run- 
ning at  the,  Coryza. 

NOSELPA,  NosocomeJsis,  Nosocomia,  from 
voaot,  '  disease/    Care  of  tho  sick. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  nxrot,  'disease/ 
and  syKt^aket,  '  brain.'  A  monster  whose  skull 
is  open  only  on  the  frontal  and  parietal  regions, 
the  posterior  fontanelle  being  distinctly  present. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSEUMA,  Disease. 

NOSOCOMESIS,  Noselia. 

NOSOCOMIA,  Noselia. 

NOSOCOMIAL,  Nosocomials,  from  nosoco- 
minm,  'an  hospital.'  Relating  to  an  hospital,— 
as  'nosocomial  or  hospital  fever.' 

NOSOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOCOMUS,  Infirmier. 

NOSODE8,  Insalubrious,  Sick,  Sickly. 

NOSODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny. 

NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 

NOSOGENY,  Pathogeny. 


NOSOG'RAPHY,  Nosograph'ia,  from  vovoc/'a 
disease/  and  yp«^w,  'I  describe.'  A  description 
of  diseases. 

NOSOL'OGY,  Nosolog"ia,  from  roeo*,  'a  dis- 
ease, and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.  A  name  given  to  that 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  classification 
of  diseases.  The  most  celebrated  nosological 
systems  have  been  those  of  Sauvages  (1763),  Lin- 
naeus (176$),  Vogel  (1764),  Sagar  (1776),  Mac- 
bride  (1772),  Cullen  (1772),  Darwin  (1796),  Selle, 
Cricbton  (1804),  Parr  (1809),  Swediaur  (1812), 
Pinel  (1813),  Young  (1813),  Good  (1817),  Hosack 
(1818),  Ac.  Besides  these  general  nosographies, 
others  have  been  published  on  Surgery  exclu- 
sively, none  of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of 
enumeration  amongst  nosological  systems.  No- 
sological arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed 
of  single  families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenck, 
of  Baden,  is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises 
of  this  kind :  the  one,  a  methodioal  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of  cu- 
taneous diseases.  Dr.  Willan  published  an  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  which  was  com- 
pleted by  Dr.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into  the 
Nosology  of  Dr.  Hosack.  Mr.  Abernetby,  also, 
published  a  methodical  classification  of  tumours, 
and  many  other  partial  nosological  classifications  '• 
might  be  enumerated.    Also,  Pathology. 

NOSON'OMY,  Noeonom'ia,  from  vecot,  'a  dis- 
ease/ and  onua,  *  name.'  The  nomenclature  of 
diseases. 

N0S0PH'YTA,from  voeos,  'disease/  and  0vr«>, 
'  a  plant'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  produced  by, 
or  to  consist  in  the  development  of  parasitic 
plants — as  porrigo,  mentagra,  Ac. — Gruby. 

NOSOPCE'US,  NosopoWicus,  from  *oeo<,  'dis 
ease/  and  rouv,  'I  make.'  That  which  causes 
disease. 

NOSOS,  Disease. 

NOSOTAX'Y,  Nosotax'ta,  frommo;,  'a  dis- 
ease/ and  rafa,  'arrangement'  The  distributioa 
and  classification  of  diseases. 

NOSOTHEO'RIA,  from  voeos,  'disease/  and 
Stmpia,  'doctrine.'  The  doctrine  or  theory  of 
disease. 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  vocros,  'return/  'a  Jowr. 
ney  home/  and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Nostoma'nia,  Nv* 


HOSTOMANIA 


603 


NUCLEUS 


mmr****,  ApodtmtaVgia,  PatkopatridaV g%a,  Pato- 
patridaVgia,  Phifopatridal'gia,  PhUopatridowm' - 
aia,  Ademen'ia,  AeUmoe'yni,  Howu-eieknem,  (F.) 
Noetalgie,  Maladie  du  pay:  An  affection  pro- 
duced by  the  desire  of  returning  to  one's  country. 
It  is  commonly  attended  by  slow  wasting,  and 
sometimes  by  hectic,  which  may  speedily  induce 
death.  M.  Pinel  properly  regards  it  as  a  rariety 
of  melancholy. 

NOSTOMAXIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRAS8IA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRILS,  Nares. 

NOSTRUM,  Arcanum. 

Nostbcm,  Chittick'b.  An  empirical  remedy 
for  stone  in  the  bladder,  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
alkali  in  Teal-broth. 

NOTA  MATERNA,  Nssvus  —  n.  PrimiUra, 
OrooTe,  primitive. 

NOT.fi  INFANTUM,  NsbtL 

NOTAL,  Dorsal. 

NOTA  I/O  I  A,  NotiaVgia,  {Nostalgia,  impro- 
perly, of  Kochlin  and  others,)  from  rwr«f,  '  the 
back/  and  aXyot,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  back.  Spinal 
irritation. 

NOTANENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTCH,  Tent  No  eke,  Ital.  Nocchia,  Emar- 
gina'tio,  Emarginatu'ra,  (F.)  Echancrure.  A 
depression  or  indentation  of  different  shape  and 
site,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges  of 
certain  bones. 

Notch  or  thb  Cohcha,  Incisura  tragic*. 

Notch,  Ethmoid' al,  (F.)  Echancrure  ethmoi- 
dal e,  is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins  the 
ethmoid. 

Notches,  Ischiadic,  (F.)  Echancrure*  Iechia- 
tiquee,  are  two  in  number: — the  greater  and  the 
leu.  The  former  is  large,  situate  at  the  inferior 
;part  of  the  pelvis,  and  formed  by  the  sacrum  and 
ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic  nerve,  py- 
ramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior  gluteal  ves- 
sels and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much  smaller  than 
•the  other,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  sciatic 
spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  ob- 
turator internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudie  vessels 
and  nerves.  , 

Notch,  Parot'id,  (F.)  Echancrure  parotidi- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  between 
the  .parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone 
and  the  mastoid  process;  so  called,  because  it 
lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches  in  soft 
parts  are  generally  called  Fissures. 

Notch,  Scaf'clar,  JhctWra  ecapula'rie,  Lu'- 
nula  eeap'uUB,  (F.)  Echancrure  ecapulaire.  The 
notch  on  the  superior  edge  or  coeta  of  the  scapula, 
which  is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  means  of  a 
ligament,  and  gives  passage  to  the  suprascapular 
morve. 

Notch,  Sbmilxthae  or  thb  Sternum,  Four- 
chetie. 

NOTENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  vuroy,  'the  back/ 
and  tyrtdaXov,  'the  head.'  A  monster  whose 
•bead,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.  The  con- 
dition U  termed  Notencepha'lia  and  Notanen- 
•eepha'lia.—  G.  St  Hilaire. 

NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration. 

•NOTHIA,  Degeneration. 

N0THR0TES,  Torpor. 

NOTIIUS,  False. 

NOTLEUS,  Dorsal—  n.  Myelin,  Medulla  spi- 
Dftlii. 

NOTIALGIA,  Notalgia, 

NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

NOTOMTELUS,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NOTON,  Dorsum. 

NOT  OS,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 
NOUAGE  DE  LA  CORNJSE,  Caligo. 


NOU&,  (Bandage)  (F.); ' 
'a  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerable 
number  of  knots  placed  above  each  ether.  It  is 
made  with  a  roller,  6  or  7  ells  long,  rolled  into 
two  balls,  and  is  need  to  compress  the  parotid 
region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland. 

Abo,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whosm 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articula- 
tions. 

It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  goat,  when  it  has 
caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

NOUET  (F.),  Kod'mluM.  A  hag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid  U 
communicate  their  properties  to  it. 

NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,  REMEDY,  Poly 
podium  filix  mas. 

NOURRICE,  Nurse. 

NOURRICIER,  Nutrition*. 

NOCRRITL'RE,  Aliment. 

NOUS,  Intellect. 

NOUURE,  Rachitis. 

NOUYEAU-NB  (F.),  Neana'tw,  mmperrimi 
Natus,  Neog'cnee,  Neog'Uee,  Neog'ilue,  Neogf  mm*, 
In/ane  recent  natut.  That  which  has  been  joe) 
born.    A  new-born  infant. 

NOVACULA,  Rasor. 

NOYAU,  see  Cytoblast. 

NOYAU  CENTRAL  DES  PED0NCULE3 
DU  CER  VELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NO  TER,  Juglans  regia— a.  de  Ceylon,  Adha- 
toda. 

NUAGE,  Nebula. 

NUBECULA,  EnsBorema,  Nebula, 

NUBES,  Enseorema,  Nebula. 

NU'BILE,  Nu'biltt,  'marriageable/  'fit  to 
marry.'  Generally,  the  period  of  puberty  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  age  at  which  both  sexes  are 
nubile.  They  are  truly  nubile,  however,  only 
when  they  are  fitted, to  procreate  healthy  and 
vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to  discharge 
their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBIL'ITY,  Nubil'itat,  (F.)  XmbUitS,-  same 
otymon.  The  state  of  being  nubile  or  marriage- 
able. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 

NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa  naUaa— n. 
Quercus,  see  Quercus  alba. 

NUCHA,  In'ium,  (F.)  Nuque.  The  imrr, 
hinder  part,  or  nape  of  the  neck.  The  part  where 
the  spinal  marrow  begins. 

Ligamen'tum  Nucha.  A  strong  ligament  from 
the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous  process  to 
another,  and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone.  It 
is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds.  It  is  called  in 
them  Paxywaxy,  Paxtcax,  and  Packtrax, 

NUCHAL  RE'GION,  Re'gio  nucha  sen  m- 
cha'lie  sen  occipita'li*  in/e'rior.  The  region  of 
the  nucha  or  nape  of  the  neck. 

NUCISTA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

NUCK,  CANAL  OF.  A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often  sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  femalo  foetus.  So  called  from  Nuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NUCLEATED,  Nuclea'tue,  from  nueleue,  *a 
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus  or  central  particle. 
Applied  to  the  elementary  cells  of  organised  tis* 
sues;  the  vital  properties  of  which  are  seated  a 
the  nucleus.     See  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cytoblast 

NUCLEI  CEMBILE,  see  Pinus  Cembra— a. 
Ossei,  Ossification,  points  of— n.  Pinese,  see  Pinas 
pinea. 

NUCLEOLE,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLULE,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast— n.  Blastodexmatis, 
Tache  embryonnaire — n.  Centralis,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  n.   Cicatriculae,  Tache  eateryosmotre — a. 


NUCULA 


60S 


NYMPH* 


Dentatus,  Corpus  dentatnm — n.  Dentil,  Dental 
pulp — n.  Encased,  Cytoblast — n.  Fimbriates, 
Corpus  dentatnm — n.  Furuneuli,  see  Furunculus 
~n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — n.  Germinativus, 
fee  Molecule — n.  Olivss,  Corpus  dentatnm  —  n. 
Ossificationis,  Ossification,  point  of — n.  Rhom- 
boidalis,  see  Corpus  dentatum. 

NUCULA  TERRESTRIS,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanuin. 

NUKB,  Kucha. 

NUMERICAL  METHOD,  see  Method,  nume- 
rical. 

NUM'MULAR,  JVWmwuia'n*.  Relating  to 
money,  from  numntus,  'money.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flatten 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  apiece  of  money. 

NUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

NUPHUR  LUTEUM,  Nymphsea  lutea. 

NUQUE,  Nucha. 

NURSE,  Sax.  nomce,  Nutrix,  (from  nourish, 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Tithe' ni,  Trephou'sa,  Lac- 
tam, Lao'ticans,  Nu'triens,  Thslas'tria,  Mamma, 
(I.)  Nutrice,  (F.)  Nourrice.  One  who  suckles  her 
own  child  or  another's.  One  that  has  the  care 
of  a  sick  person,  (F.)  Qardt-malade. 

Nubsb,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it 

Nurse,  Wet.  A  female,  who  Buckles  the  child 
of  another. 

To  '  nuree  artificially,'  is  to  bring  up  a  child  by 
the  hand. 

NUS,  Intellect 

NUSUS,  Disease. 

NUT,  BUTTER,  Juglans  eineroa— n.  Cembros, 
see  Pinus  oembra — n.  Physic,  Jatropha  curcas — 
n.  Pine,  see  Pinus  picea — n.  Pistachio,  see  Pista- 
eia  vera — n.  Poison,  see  Stryohnos  nux  vomica — 
n.  Purging,  see  Jatropha — n.  Rattle,  Nelumbium 
luteuin — n.  Soap,  see  Bapindus  saponaria — n. 
Tree,  Malabar,  Adhatoda — n.  Vomio,  see  Stryoh- 
nos nux  vomica — n.  Zirbel,  see  Pinus  picea. 

NUTA'TION,  Nuta'tio,  from  nutare,  '  to  nod.' 
Constant  oscillation  of  the  head,  by  which  it 
moves  involuntarily  in  one  or  more  directions. 

NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  mosehata— n.  Flower, 
Nigella — n.  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTRICATIO,  "Nutrition. 

NUTRICIER,  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIENS,  Aliment,  Nurse. 

NUTRIMEN,  Aliment 

NUTRIMEN'TAL,  Nutrivxenta'lU,  Aliment al, 
Alimenta'lis,  from  nutrimen,  'aliment'  Having 
the  qualities  of  food  or  nutriment 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrit"io,  Nutrica'tio,  Nutri'- 
tue,  Alitu' ral  Threpeie,  from  nutrire,  'to  nourish.' 
Nutrition  is  that  function  by  which  the  nutritive 
matter  already  elaborated  by  the  various  organic 
actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and  assumes  that 
of  the  different  living  tissues, — to  repair  their 
losses  and  maintain  their  strength.  Sometimes 
the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended  signification, 
to  express  the  whole  series  of  actions  by  which 
the  two  oongtant  movements  of  composition  and 
decomposition  are  accomplished,  in  organised 
bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would  comprehend  di- 
gestion, absorption,  respiration,  circulation,  and 
assimilation ;  the  latter  being  nutrition,  properly 
so  called,  and  being  operated  in  the  intermediate 
system  over  the  whole  of  the  body, — the  cells  of 
the  tissues  attracting  from  the  blood  the  elements 
necessary  for  their  reparation. 

Nutrition,  Forcjb  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nutria"***,  Nu'tritive,  Alxb'- 
iUt,    Trophi'mos,   Tropho'de;  (F.)    Nourricitrt 


Nutricier.  Having  the  quality  of  nourishing :  at 
nutritious  food,  nutritious  lymph,  Ac, 

Nutritious  or  Nutritive  Arteries,  (F.)  Ar- 
tiret  nutricilre*.  Arterial  branches  which  enter 
the  foramina  nutricia  of  long  bones,  and  pene- 
trate to  the  medullary  membrane. 

NU'TRITIVE,  Nutritious.^  Also,  relating  to 
nutrition:  hence  the  'nutritive  functions/  or 
those  that  are  concerned  in  nutrition. 

NUTRITUS,  Aliment,  Nutrition. 

NUTRIX,  Mamma,  Nurse. 

NUTS,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

NUX  AROMATICA,  see  Myristica  mosehata 
— n.  Avellana,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) — n.  Barba- 
densis,  Jatropha  ourcas — n.  Becniba,  Ibieuiba— 
n.  Cathartica  Americana,  Jatropha  curcas  —  n. 
OallsB,  see  Quercns  cerris  —  n.  Juglans,  Juglans 
regia— n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives — n.  Me- 
teUa,  Strychnos  nux  vomica — n.  Methel,  Datura 
stramonium  —  n.  Mosehata,  see  Myristica  mos- 
ehata— n.  Myristica,  see  Myristica  mosehata — n. 
Pistaoia,  see  Pistacia  vera — n.  Unguentaria,  see 
Myristica  mosehata — n.  Vomica,  Strychnos  nux 
vomica. 

NYCTALOPE,  see  Nyetalopia. 

NYCTALOPEX,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALO'PIA,  from  i*£,  'night,'  and  orrouat, 
'  I  Beef  Parop'sis  Lucif'uga,  Nyctalopi'asis,  C<b'» 
cit09  diur'na,  Visus  noctur'nus,  Oryo'pia,  Heme* 
ralo'pia  (moderns,)  Amblyo'pia  meridia'na,  He* 
meratyphlo'sis,  Photophob'ia,  Photophobophthal'- 
mia,  Dyeo'pia  lufminie,  Vitus  a'erior,  Nyc'talopy, 
(F.)  Vue  nocturne,  Aveuglcment  de  Jour.  The 
faculty  of  seeing  during  the  night,  with  privation 
of  the  faculty  during  the  day.  It  affects  both 
eyes  at  once  when  idiopathic.  Its  duration  is 
uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure.  It  is, 
however,  a  disease  of  nervous  irritability,  and 
one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in  parti- 
cular. The  indications  of  cure  will  consequently 
be — to  allay  direct  irritation  in  everyway;  to 
excite  counter-irritation  by  blisters ;  and  to  gra- 
dually accustom  the,  eye  to  the  impression  of 
light 

One  labouring  under  this  affection  is  called  a 
Nyc'talope,  Nye'talops,  Nyctalo'pex. 

NYCTALOPS,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPY,  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTERINUS,  Nocturnal. 

NYCTHEMERON,  see  Dies.  % 

NYCTHE'MERUM,  from  w{,  'night,'  and 
'nutpa, '  day.'  The  space  of  24  hours,  or  of  a  day 
and  night  Certain  complaints  continue  only  so 
long. 

NYCTOBADIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBASIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOTYPHLOSIS,  Hemeraiopia. 

NYGMA,  Wound,  punctured. 

NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas- 
trum  restate. 

NYMPHA,  Clitoris. 

NYMPELfi,  from  rvft<pn,  'a  water  nymph.' 
Ala  interfna  mino'ree  clUor'idi*,  Carun'cula  c«- 
ticula'ree,  A\<b  mino'res,  A.  mulic'bree  mino'res, 
Crista  clitor'idis,  Collic'uli  vagi'iUB,  Myrtochi'la, 
Myrtocheil'ides,  Labia  mino'ra  sen  inter1  na,  L. 
puden'di  mino'ra,  (F.)  Nymphes,  Petitee  livree. 
Two  membranous  folds,  which  arise  from  tho 
lateral  parts  of  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris,  and 
descend  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  labia  majora: 
terminating,  by  becoming  gradually  thinnci, 
about  the  middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  ori- 
fice of  the  vagina.  They  are  formed  each  of  two 
folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vulva;  and 
contain,  in  their  substance,  a  thin  layer  of  spongy, 
erectile  tissue.    Their  use  seems  to  be,— not,  at 


NYMPHJS  ALBA 


604 


OBFUSCATIO 


wh  once  supposed,  to  direct  the  course  of  the 
urine,  which  notion  gave  rue  to  their  name,  bat 
to  favour  the  elongation  and  dilatation  of  the 
vagina  in  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word  rapf  9,  Nymphe,  has  also  been  used 
synonymously  with  clitoris  by  Oribasiua,  Aetius, 
4c. 

NYMPHJB'A  ALBA,  Leuconympkeg'a,  Nenu- 
phar, Microleueonymphm'a,  Caeta'lia  epeeio'ea, 
White  Water  Lily,  (F.)  Nenuphar  Mane.  Nat. 
Ord.  Ranunculaceso.  Sex.  Syet.  Polyandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  Formerly  employed  as  a  demulcent, 
antaphrodisiac,  emollient,  and  slightly  anodyne 
remedy. 

Ntmphjea  Isdica,  N.  nelnmbo  —  n.  Major 
lutea,  N.  lutea. 

Ntmphjea  Lu'tsa,  N.  major  lute*,  N.  umbili- 
ea'lie,  Nuphar  lu'teum,  Nenufphar  lutea,  Nypho- 
tanthui  vulga'rie,  Yellow  Water  Lily,  (F.)  Nenu- 
phar jaunt.     Used  for  the  same  purposes. 

Ntmph*a  Nelum'bo,  Faba  jEavptiaea,  Cy*- 
amue  uEgyptiacue,  Nympha'a  In'dica;  Pontic 
or  ^Egyptian  Bean.  The  fruit  of  this  is  eaten 
raw  in  Egypt  and  some  of  the  neighbouring 
countries;  and  is  considered  to  be  tonio  and  as- 
tringent. 

Ntmphjb'a  Odoba'ta,  Sweet-ecented  Water 
Lily,  Sweet  water  lily,  White  pond  lily,  Toad 
Lily,  Cow  Cabbage,  Water  Cabbage,  (F.)  Nenu- 
phar odorant.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in 
most  parts  of  the  United  States  in  fresh  water 
ponds,  and  on  the  borders  of  streams,  and  having 
large  white,  beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers. 
The  root  is  very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is 
sometimes  made  into  a  poultice  and  used  as  a 
diacutient. 

Nyvphjba  Umbilicalis,  N.  lntea. 

NYMPHE,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHES,  Nymph*. 

NYMPHI'TIS;  from  pvu^,  'the  clitoris,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Epiderrhi'tu,  In- 
fiamma'tio  ClUor'idie.  Inflammation  of  the 
clitoris. 

NYMPHOCLUIA,  Nymphomania. 

NYMPHOMANIA,  from  r»^»,  'a  bride,'  and 


/umi,  4faijf  Furor  uteri' n—y  Uttrtma'wia,  Lmy 
ne'eie  furor  feminV  nme,  Metroma'nia,  IFAmogm'- 
galme,  jEdctogarWmue,  Thelygon'ia,^Erotama'mim9 
uEdatoma'nia,  Aidoioma'nia,  Jfelameko' lia  mte- 
ri'na,  Nymphorlu'ia,  Sympto'mta  tnrpitu'dimU, 
Androma'nia,  Gynceoma'nia,  Maehloe'ywt,  Ente- 
lipathi'a,  Tent i' go  vene'rea,  Hweteroma'nia,  So- 
lae"itae  vulva,  Uteri  pruri'tue,  Braeku'ma,  AraJ- 
eon,  Area' turn,  (Eetroma'nia,  (F.)  Nympkowtamie, 
Fureur  utirine.  An  irresistible  and  insatiable 
desire,  in  females,  for  the  venereal  act.  It  ocvors 
in  those  particularly,  who  possess  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  vivid  imagination,  especially  if 
excited  by  improper  language,  masturbation,  4c 
Its  course,  as  described,  is  as  follows.  In  the 
commencement,  the  sufferer  is  a  prey  to  perpetual 
contests  between  feelings  of  modesty  and  impeta- 
ous  desire.  At  an  after  period,  she  abandons 
herself  to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain 
them.  In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgust- 
ing; and  the  mental  alienation,  for  such  it  is, 
becomes  complete.  The  treatment  consists  in  the 
use  of  the  same  means  as  are  required  in  the  sa- 
tyriasis of  man.  When  the  mental  alienation  is 
complete,  solitude  is  indispensable. 

NYMPHON'CUS,  from  **«*,  'the  nymphs,' 
and  oy*»s,  '  a  tumour.'  A  morbid  tumefaction  of 
the  nymphs. 

NYMPHOT'OMY,  Nympkotom'ia,  Nyvtpka'- 
rum  See'tio,  from  vvfupn,  'nympha,'  and  rtfamw, 
'  to  cut'  An  operation,  known  and  practised  for 
a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  excision  of  the 
nymphse.  The  operation  is  bad  recourse  to,  when 
they  are  attacked  with  scirrhus,  cancer,  fungus, 
or  gangrene ;  or  when  they  are  so  large  as  to  in- 
terfere with  walking  or  coition.  Nympkotomy  is 
the  circumcision  of  the  female.  It  is  practised  in 
some  countries. 

Some  authors  have  used  the  term  Nymphotomy 
for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS,  Nymphse* 
lutea. 

NYSTAG'MUS.  A  partial  rotatory  movement 
of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side.  Also,  Coma  vigiL 

NYXIS,  Puncture. 


0. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Querous  tinctoria— 0.  Common, 
Quercus  robur  —  0.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium  bo- 
try's— o.  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius— o.  Poison, 
Rhux  toxicodendron  —  0.  Red,  Quercus  rubra 
m on  tana — 0.  Sea,  Fucus  veeiculosus — 0.  Spanish, 
Quercus  rubra  m on  tana — 0.  White,  Querous  alba. 

OARI0CYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

0ARI0N,  Ovary. 

OARION'CUS,  Oariophy'ma,  Ova'rium  tu'mi- 
dum,  Tumor  Ova'rii,  from  utapiov,  '  the  ovarium,' 
and  oyco*  'swelling.'    Ovarian  tumour. 

OARIOPAREC'TAMA,  Oophoraux'i, from 
•aptov,  'ovarium,'  and  napacTtivuv,  'to  extend.' 
Enlargement  of  the  ovary. 

OARIORRHEX'IS,  from  uapiov,  'ovarium,' 
and  pi/fif,  'rupture.'  Buptu'ra  Ova'riu  Rupture 
of  the  ovary. 

OARIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotont'ia, 
Ovariot'omy,  trom  uaptov, '  the  ovarium/  and  ropuj, 
'incision.'  The  operation  for  removing  the 
ovary. 

OARI'TIS,  O'dphori'ti;  Oori'tie,  Inftamma'tio 
Ova'rii,  Chart' tie,  (F.)  Inflammation  aWVOvaire, 
from  •tafiov, '  the  ovarium,  and  itit,  the  termina- 


tion denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
ovarium. 

OARIUM,  Ovary. 

OARTHROC'ACfi,  formed  by  contraction  from 
omo-arihrocace.  Said  to  be  used  by.  Rust  to  de- 
signate inflammation  of  the  scapulo-humeral  ar- 
ticular surfaces.  —  Nysten. 

OATMEAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia. 

OBCJECATIO,  Csacitas. 

0BD0RMIT"I0,  from  ob,  and  dormio,  <ta 
sleep.'  The  state  of  the  limbs  being  asleep.  &»- 
por  ar'tuum. 

0BDUCTI0,  Autopsia  cadaveric*  legalis. 

OBELiEA  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBESITAS,  Polysarcia— 0.  Colli,  Struma  am- 
posa — 0.  Nimia,  Punelosis  —  o.  Visoerum,  Phys- 
conia  adiposa. 

OBisiTi,  Polysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBESUS,  Corpulent 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 


0BITU3 


605 


OBLITERATIO 


OBITTJ8,  Death. 

OBJECTIVE  CONE.  The  cone  of  light  pro- 
ceeding from  an  object,  th&  apex  of  which  u  on 
the  object,  and  the  base  on  the  cornea. 

Objective  Sensations,  see  Sensation. 

OBLINITIO,  Inunction. 

OBLIQUE',  Obli'quus.  Any  thing  inclined,  or 
Which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  certain  muscles, 
which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards  the 
plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  halves.    These  are : — 

Obliqub  Muscles  of  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into:  1 
Obliquus  Exter'nus,  Abdominis,  0.  descen'dens 
exter'nus,  0.  deseendens,  0.  major,  (F.)  Rio-pubo 
costo-abdom'inal,  Costo-abdom'inal  (Ch.),  Grand 
oblique,  Oblique  extern*.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen ;  and  is  flat  and 
quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer 
surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last  ribs : 
below,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external  lip  of 
the  crista  ilii :  before,  it  terminates  at  the  linea 
alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  aponeurosis, 
which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents  towards  its 
inferior  part  two  very  solid  fibrous  fasciculi, 
which  are  inserted,  —  the  one  at  the  symphysis, 
the  other  at  the  spine  of  the  pubis, — under  the 
name  of  Pillart  of  the  Abdominal  Ring.  These 
pillars  leave  between  them  an  opening,  which 
forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal. 
The  obliquus  externus  abdominis  depresses  the 
ribs,  and  carries  them  backwards  during  a  strong 
expiration.  It  impresses  on  the  chest  a  move- 
ment of  rotation,  and  bends  the  thorax  upon  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely.  It  contracts,  also,  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  2.  Obliquue  Inter1  nut  Abdomi- 
minie,  M.  accli'vis,  0.  ascendent,  0.  minor,  0.  in- 
ternue,  0.  ascendent  internue,  (F.)  Rio-lombo-costo- 
abdominal,  Jlio-abdominal  (Ch.),  Muscle  petit 
oblique  ou  oblique  interne,  is  broad,  especially 
before;  thin,  and  irregularly  quadrilateral,  like 
the  preceding,  beneath  which  it  is  situate.  It  is 
attached,  above,  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  carti- 
lages of  the  5th,  4th,  3d,  and  2d  false  ribs ;  below, 
to  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  interstice  of  the 
crista  ilii,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  crural  arch, 
and  to  the  pubis ;  behind,  to  the  spinous  processes 
of  the  last  two  lumbar  vertebrae,  and  to  those  of 
the  first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum;  before,  to 
the  linea  alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obliquely  up- 
wards and  forwards ;  the  middle  are  horizontal ; 
and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  downwards  and 
forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  male,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle  des- 
cends, and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  eremaster. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  0.  exter- 
nus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eye,  Amato'rii,  Cir- 
eumagen'tes,  Rotato'ret  Oe'uli,  are  two  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into :  1.  Obliquus  Superior 
Oculi,  Amato'rius  mm' cuius,  Trochlea'ris,  Troch- 
lea'tor,  Obliquue  major,  Circumducts' nie  op'ifex, 
Longis'simus  oe'uli,  (F.)  Optico-trochlei  scUroti- 
eien,  Grand  trochliateur  (Ch.),  Grand  oblique  de 
Voril,  0.  supirieur  de  Voril,  Amoureux  (Muscle,)  is 
situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of  the  orbit 
It  is  small,  round,  fusiform,  and  reflected  upon 
itself  in  the  middle  of  its  course.  Behind,  it  is 
attached  to  the  inside  of  the  foramen  opticum # 
and  when  it  arrives  opposite  the  internal  orbitar 
process,  it  becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which 
slides  in  a  cartilaginous  pulley  fixed  to  the  os 
frontis,  and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  pro- 
ceed downwards  and  outwards,  and  to  attach 
itself  to  the  outer  and  back  part  of  the  globe  of 


the  eye.  This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  eye 
forwards  and  inwards;  making  it  experience  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  the  pupil 
downwards  and  inwards.  This  is  conceived  to  be 
an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as  the  next.  In 
sleep,  according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when  the  power 
over  the  straight  or  voluntary  muscles  of  the 
organ  is  nearly  lost,  the  eye  is  given  up  to  the 
oblique  muscles,  which  lodge  the  transparent  cor- 
nea under  the  upper  eyelid.  At  the  approach  of 
death,  the  same  thing  is  observable ;  hence,  the 
turning  up  of  the  eye,  at  such  a  time,  is  not  an 
evidence  of  agony  or  suffering,  but  of  insensibi- 
lity. 2.  Obli'quus  Tnfe'rior  Oe'uli,  0.  minor  oculi, 
(J.)Maxillo-scliroticien,  Petit  Trochliateur  (Ch.), 
Petit  oblique  ou  oblique  infirieur  de  Vail,  is  Bitu- 
ate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  flat  and  attached  to  the  inner  and  anterior 
part  of  the  orbitar  surface  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone,  on  the  outside  of  the  lachrymal  gutter; 
from  thence  it  passes  outwards  and  backwards, 
and  terminates  by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inner  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye.  It 
carries  the  globe  of  the  eye  inwards  and  forwards; 
and  directs  the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Head.  These  are 
two  in  number.  1.  Obliquus  Superior  Cap'Uis, 
0.  minor  capitis,  (F.)  Trachilo-atloido-occipital, 
Atloldo-sous-mastoldien  (Ch.),  Muscle  oblique  tu- 
perior  ou  petit  oblique  de  la  tite.  This  muscle  is 
situate  at  the  sides  of,  and  behind,  the  articula- 
tion of  the  head :  it  is  flat  and  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  top  of  the  transverse  process  of 
the  atlas ;  and,  on  the  other,  terminates  at  the  oc- 
cipital bone,  beneath  the  inferior  curved  line,  and 
sometimes,  also,  at  the  mastoid  region  of  the  tem- 
poral bone.  It  extends  the  head,  —  inclining  it 
to  one  side.  2.  Obliquus  Inferior  Capitis,  Obli- 
quus major,  (F.)  Sptni-axoido-trachili-atloldien, 
Axoldo-atloidien  (Ch.),  Oblique  infirieur  on 
grand  oblique  de  la  tite,  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  neck  and  head.  It  is  round,  fusi- 
form ;  attached  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  axis, 
and  proceeds  to  terminate  behind  and  below  the 
summit  of  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas.  It 
impresses,  on  the  first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  turns  the  face  to  one 
side. 

Oblique  Processes,  see  Vertebra). 

OBLIQUE  EXTERNE,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis — o.  Grand,  Obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis— o.  Grand  de  Voril,  Obliquus  superior  ocu- 
li—  o.  Grand  de  la  ttte,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis 
—  o.  Infirieur  de  Voril,  Obliquus  inferior  oculi  — ■ 
o.  Infirieur  de  la  tite,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis— 
o.  Interne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit, 
Obliquus  internus  abdominis  —  o.  Petit  de  Va>ilf 
Obliquus  inferior  oculi  —  o.  Petit  de  la  tite,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi  —  o.  Supirieur  de  Voril,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi — o.  Supirieur  de  la  tite,  Obli- 
quus superior  capitis. 

OBLIQUITE  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Retrover- 
sio  uteri. 

OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS,  0.  internus  abdo- 
minis —  o.  Auris,  Laxator  tympani  —  o.  Descen- 
dens  externus,  0.  externus  abdominis — o.  Major, 
0.  externus  abdominis,  0.  Inferior  capitis,  0.  su- 
perior oculi — o.  Minor,  0.  internus  abdominis  — 
o.  Minor  capitis,  0.  superior  capitis  —  o.  Minor 
oculi,  0.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLITERATED,  Oblitera'tus  /  from  oblite- 
rate, 'to  efface/  (liters,  'letters.'?)  A  vessel  or 
duct  is  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  parietea 
have  approximated  and  contracted  such  an  adhe- 
sion to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has  completely 
disappeared. 

OBLITERATIO  COMPLBTA,  Hapanttanra* 


OBLIVIO 


606 


OCCIPITAL 


OBLIVIO,  Amnesia —o.  Inert,  Lethargy. 

OBLOBIUM,  Antilobium. 

OB'OLUS,  Onolotat.  A  weight  of  0  or  10  grains. 

OBSCCBBLE  PARTES,  Genital  organs. 

OBSCURCISSEMENT DE  LA  VUE,  Caligo. 

OBSERVATION,  Obaerva'tio,  (from  ob,  and 
tervare,  '  to  keep/  e.  g.  in  sight)  Tere'eU,  £ym- 
paratere'iis.  Act  of  examining  a  thing  by  means 
of  the  external  senses.  This  word  is  employed  in 
several  acceptations.  It  expresses — 1.  The  action 
of  observing  —  2.  The  aggregate  of  knowledge, 
afforded  by  observation.  In  French — but  not  in 
English — it  means  the  ease  or  history  of  the  phe- 
nomena presented  by  a  patient  in  the  course  of  a 
disease. 

OBSERVATION,  Case— o.  Method  of;  Nu- 
merical method. 

OBSTETRIC,  Obetet1 ricut;  same  etymon  as 
obstetrics.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  obstetrics, 
—  as  'ob$tctrio  ausoultation/  'obetetrie  explora- 
tion/ Ac 

Obstetric  Chair,  Labour-chair. 

OBSTETRICANS,  Acooucheur. 

OBSTET'RICS,  from  Obetetrix,  'a  midwife.' 
Tokology,  TocoVogy,  Maiei'a,  Maeei'a,  Maei'a, 
Maeeu'tica  are,  Art  obstetric"  ia,  Obetet'ricy,  (F.) 
Obtte'trique.  The  art  of  midwifery.  Midwifery 
in  general. 

OBSTETRICT,  Obstetrics. 

OBSTJSTBIQUE,  Obstetrics. 

OBSTETRIX,  Midwife. 

OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation  —  o.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Obsti  patio,  see  Hump. 

OBSTIPITAS,  Torticollis— o.  Capitis  sen  Colli, 
Torticollis. 

OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— -o.  Al- 
vi,  Constipation  — o.  Ductus  Alimentarii,  Consti- 
pation —  o.  Ductus  Stenoniani,  Stenostenosis  — 
o.  Intestinalis,  Constipation — o.  Recti  Spastica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic  —  o.Pulmo- 
aum  pituitosa  febrilis,  Peripneumonia  notha, 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES. 
Enteremphraxis. 

OB'STRUENS,  from  oUtruo,  (ob,  and  truer*, 
*  to  build,') '  I  stop  up  by  building  against.'  Op- 
pilati'vue.  A  medicine  which  closes  the  orifices 
of  ducts  or  vessels. 

OBSTUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 

OBTONDANT,  Obtundens. 

OBTUMESCENTIA,  Mutitas. 

OBTUN'DENS,  (F.)  Obtondant,  from  obtun- 
dere  (ob  and  tundere,  '  to  beat,') '  to  beat  againBt,' 
and  therefore  to  blunt  the  edge.  An  epithet 
applied  to  remedies  that  were  supposed,  accord- 
ing to  an  erroneous  theory,  to  be  possessed  of  the 
power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  humours. 
A  demulcent  is  one  of  these. 

OBTURAMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

OBTURATEUR  LU  PALAIS,  Palate,  arti- 
ficial. 

OBTURATIO,  Emphraxis. 

OBTURA'TOR,  Obturato'riue,  (F.)  Obturateur, 
from  obturate,  *  to  close/  '  stop  up  the  entrance.' 
A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Obturator  Artery,  Arteria  obturato'ria,  A. 
obturatrix,  (F.)  Sout-pnbio /(morale  (Ch.),  Artlre 
obturatrice,  arises,  most  commonly,  from  the  hy- 
pogastric It  is,  however,  frequently  given  off 
from  the  epigastrio ;  a  matter  of  importance  to  be 
determined  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia.  Of  500 
obturator  arteries  examined  by  Mr.  J.  Cloquet, 
848  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric,  and  152 
by  the  epigastrio  or  crural.  When  it  arises  from 
the  hypogastric,  it  passes  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  then  turns  horisontally  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pelvis,  to  tame  from  this  cavity  by  the  opening 
kit  at  the  upper  part  of  the  obturator  membrane. 


When,  on  the  contrary,  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural,  it  de- 
scends obliquely  inwards,  behind  the  os  pubis, 
to  the  obturator  foramen.  At  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into  two  branches,  a 
posterior  and  an  anterior,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  FoftA'mr,  Fora'men  Obturato*- 
rium,  F.  infra-pubia'nutn,  Fora'men  ovale,  F.  tky- 
roXdeum,  F.  ThyroVdee,  F.  Amplum  Pelvie,  (F.) 
Troit  eoue-pubien.  A  large  opening,  of  an  oval 
or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part  of  the  os 
innominatum,  on  the  outside  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  and  beneath  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the 
os  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a  membra- 
nous ligament. 

Obturator  Ligajtsht  ob  Mbvbrahb,  Sub- 
pubic membrane,  is  a  fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to 
the  whole  circumference  of  the  obturator  fora- 
men, except  above,  whore  an  opening  remains  for 
the  passage  of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same 
name. 

Obturator  Muscles,  Obturato'rte,  Rotat&rta 
fem'orie.  These  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
divided  into 

a.  Obturator  Exter'nue,  Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro- 
ekantSrien,  Sout-pubio-trochanterien  extern*  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
surface  of.  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  ischium, 
and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obturator  liga- 
ment. Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to  the  tendon, 
which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at  the  inferior  part 
of  the  cavity  of  the  great  trochanter.  This  mus- 
cle rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

b.  Obturator  Inter' nut,  Mareupia'lie,  Bvrea'lit, 
Intra-pelvio-troekantSrien,  Soue-pubio-trockanti- 
rien  interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in  the 
pelvis.  It  arises  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator  foramen, 
and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong  tendon, 
running  between  the  two  portions  of  the  gemini, 
into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  great  trochan- 
ter ;  after  having  turned  upon  the  ischium,  which 
forms  for  it  a  kind  of  pulley.  This  muscle  also 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerys,  Soue-pubio-femorai,  (Ch.), 
prooeeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  3d  lumbar 
nerves.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis ;  gains  ths 
obturator  foramen ;  gives  branches  to  the  obtu- 
rator muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  adductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  oae 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments; 
the  other,  posterior,  distributing  its  ramifications 
to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  adductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same  ar- 
rangement as  the  artery.  It  is  common,  however, 
to  find  it  arising  from  the  epigastric ;  whilst  the 
corresponding  artery  proceeds  from  the  hypogas- 
tric, and  conversely. 

OBTURATORES,  Obturator  muscles. 

OBVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

OCA,  Oxalis  tuberosa. 

OCCJBCATIO,  Csecitas. 

OCCIP'ITAL,  Ocdpita'lU.  That  which,  be- 
longs to  the  occiput 

Occipital  Artery.  This  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath  the 
parotid.  It  prooeeds  backwards,  passes  between 
the  mastoid  process  and  the  transverse  process 
of  the  atlas ;  reaches  the  occipital  bone  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  may  be  called 
ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  and  are  distri- 
buted to  the  neighbouring  musoles  and  ligaments. 


occipitiuk 


607 


OCIMUM 


Oocip'ital  Bora,  Os  occip'itis  seu  octipit'ii  seu 
eeeipita'li,  Os  •phono  bast  la' ri,  Os  memo' rice,  Os 
nervo'sum,  Os  basila'ri,  Os  prone,  Os  pyx'idis  seu 
sextmm  era' nit  seu  lambdoi'des  seu  lambda  sen 
laudet  sou  puppis  seu  nervo'tum  sen^oro'turn  seu 
pelvicephaVicum,  (F.)  0«  occipital,  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium, 
which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is  flat,  symmetri- 
cal, and  carved  upon  itself.  It  presents,  1.  An 
occipital  or  posterior  surface,  which  is  convex, 
and  has,  upon  the  median  line,  the  basilary  sur- 
face, the  foramen  magnum,  through  which  passes 
the  spinal  marrow  with  its  membranes  and  ves- 
sels,— the  external  occipital  crest,  the  external  oc- 
cipital protuberance;  and,  at  the  sides,  the  upper 
curved  line,  large  rough  arched  ridge  or  transverse 
arch  or  linea  semicircularie,  the  lower  curved  line, 
the  posterior  condyloid  fossa,  the  condyles  for  the 
articulation  of  this  bone  with  the  atlas ;  and  the 
anterior  condyloid  fosses,  pierced  by  a  foramen 
for  the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  anterior  surface.  On  the  median  line 
are:  the  basilary  fossa,  the  inner  orifice  of  the 
foramen  magnum,  the  infernal  occipital  crest,  the 
internal  occipital  protuberance,  the  cruciform 
spine ;  a  channel,  which  lodges  the  termination 
of  the  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  the  occi- 
pital fossa  distinguished  into  superior  or  cere- 
bral, and  inferior  or  cerebellous,  and  separated  by 
a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3.  The 
surfaces  of  the  occipital  bone  are  separated  by 
four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  superior 
edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal  bones ;  the 
two  lower  join  the  temporal j  and  the  anterior 
angle,  under  the  name  basilary  process,  is  united 
to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification;  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occipital  Muscle,  Occipitalis.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  the  posterior 
fasciculus  of  the  oecipito-frontalis. 

Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  (F.) 
PremUre  paire  trachilienne  (Ch.),  Nerf  occipital 
ou  sous  occipital.  It  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  filaments, 
united  in  two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed,  it  passes 
between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the  posterior 
arch  of  the  atlas ;  and,  at  this  place,  forms  a  long 
ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into  two  branches. 
Of  these,  the  anterior,  which  is  long  and  small, 
makes  a  turn  above  the  transverse  process  of  the 
atlas,  and  forms  an  anastomotic  noose  with  a 
branch  of  the  seoond  cervical  nerve.  The  poste- 
rior branch,  larger  and  shorter,  divides  into  seven 
or  eight  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
muscles  of  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 

Occipital  Region,  Occiput. 

Occipital  Vein.  Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 
into  a  single  trunk,  which  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular  vein,  and  sometimes  into  the  external. 

OCCIPITIUM,  Occiput 

OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID,  Occipito - atlotdeus, 
(F.)  Occipito-atloidien.  That  which  has  refer- 
ence to  the  occiput  and  atlas. 

Occipito- Atloid  Articulation  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  superior  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas.  It  is 
strengthened  by  two  ligaments;  the  one  anterior, 
the  other  posterior,  called  oeeipito-atloid  liga- 
ments: the  one  extends  from  toe  anterior,  the 
other  from  the  posterior,  arob  of  the  atlas,  to  the 
corresponding  portion  of  the  circumference  of  the 
foramen  magnum. 

OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID,  OocipitQ-axrtdeus,  (F.) 
Oocipito-axoldien.  That  whieh  relates  to  the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertebra. 


Occiprro-Axon>  Articulation  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or  second 
vertebra,  although  these  bones  are  not  really  ar- 
ticulated, but  are  merely  retained  in  apposition 
by  three  strong  ligaments,  the  posterior  of  which 
is  called  the  occipito-axoid,  and  the  two  others 
odontoid. 

OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS,  Digas'tricus  cra>- 
nii,  Epicra'nius,  Fronta'lis  et  occipitalis.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  call  by  this  name  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial  or 
coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Calotte,)  which  covers 
the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  forehead.  It  is 
attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus,  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line  of  the  occi- 
pital bone,  and  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  mas- 
toid portion  of  the  temporal ;  and,  by  its  anterior 
fasciculus,  it  terminates  at  the  eyebrow,  where  it 
becomes  confounded  with  the  supercUiaris,  pyra- 
midalis  nasi,  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

The  occipito- frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forward  a  part  of  the 
integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles  the 
skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may,  also 
contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussation  with 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The  posterior  fas- 
ciculus of  the  muscle  draws  backwards  a  part  of 
the  skin  of  the  cranium,  and  assists  in  stretching 
the  common  aponeurosis. 

OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

Occiprro-XENnraxAL  Artery,  in  Chaussier's 
nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral,  given 
off  to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance  into  the 
cranium. 

OCCIPUT,  Occipit'ium,  Regio  occipitalis,  In* 
ion,  from  ob,  and  caput,  Opisthocra'nium,  Opis- 
thoccph'alon,  Prora,  Occiprtium.  The  back  part 
of  the  head,  formed  by  the  occipital  bone. 

Occiput,  Soft,  Craniotabes. 

OCCLU'SION,  Occlu'sio,  Myce,  from  oecfw- 
dcre,  *  to  shut  up.'  Sometimes  this  word  signi- 
fies, simply,  the  transient  approximation  of  the 
edges  of  a  natural  opening — the  occlusion  of  the 
eyelids,  for  example j  at  others  it  is  synonymous 
with  imperforation,  as  occlusion  of  the  pupil, 
vagina,  Ao. 

OCCULT  DISEASES,  see  Latent 

OCHEMA,  Vehicle. 

OCHETEUMATA,  Nares. 

OCIIETOS,  Canal. 

OCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OCHLE'SIS,  from  ogX*,  'a  crowd.'  A  term, 
applied  by  Dr.  George  Gregory  to  a  morbid  con- 
dition induced  by  the  orowding  together  of  sick 
persons  under  one  root 

OCHREA  RUBRA,  HsBmatites. 

OCHRIASIS,  Paleness. 

OCHROMA,  Paleness. 

OCHROPYRA,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHROTES,  Paleness. 

OCHROTYPHUS,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHTHODES,  Callous. 

OCIMUM  ADSCENDENS,  0.  Basilicum. 

Oci'mum  Basil'icuv,  0.  adscen'dens  seu  pile 
sum  seu  race  mo' sum,  Basilicum,  Beren'darce, 
Basil' icum  mctiue,  B.  extra' turn,  Oci'mum  eitra'tum, 
Common  or  Citron  basil,  (F.)  Basilic  commute 
Nat.  Ord.  Labiatss.  Sex.  Syst,  Didynamia  Gynt- 
nospermia.  This  herb  has  a  fragrant  odour  and 
aromatic  taste.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment,  ana; 
has  been  supposed  to  possess  nervine  properties. 

Ocimum  Caryophylla'tum,  0.  min'tmiMN, 
Small  or  Bush  basil.  Possesses  properties  similar 
to  the  former.    It  is  sometimes  used  as  snuff. 

Ocimum  Citbatum,  0.  Basilicum — o.  Pilosu% 
0.  Basilicum— o.  Raoemosum,  0.  Basilicum. 


OCOTEA 


608 


ODONTOLITHOS 


OCOTEA  PICHURIN,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

OCREA,  Hippocampus  minor,  Sbin. 

OCTA'NA,  Hebdomada'ria,  Febrie  hebdoma- 
da'ria, from  octo,  '  eight'  A  fever  whose  parox- 
ysms recur  every  week.    A  supposititious  case. 

OCTA'RIUS.    The  eighth  part  of  a  wine-gal- 

rJlon.  It  contains  sixteen  fluidounces,  (Ph.  U. 
)  to  20  fluidounces  imperial  measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Synapheocephalua,  Hemipages. 

OCTUNX.    A  weight  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULAR,  Ocula'rie;  from  oeulue,  'an  eye.' 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  eye. 

Ocular  Cone.  The  cone  formed  within  the 
eye  by  a  pencil  of  rays  proceeding  from  an  ob- 
ject ;  the  base  of  the  cone  being  on  the  cornea, 
— the  apex  on  the  retina. 

OCULARES  COMMUNES,  Motores  oculorum 
— o.  Dentes,  Canine  teeth. 

OCULARIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OCULI  MARMARYGODES,  Metamorphop- 
sia  —  o.  Palpebrarum  scabies  pruriginosa,  Oph- 
thalmia tarsi. 

OCULIST,  Oculi t'ta,  Ophthalmia1 }ter,Mtd'icyu 
ncula'riue.  One  who  occupies  himself,  chiefly, 
with  the  management  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OCUL1STIQUE,  Ophthalmology. 

OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COMMON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVENS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi  —  o.  Movens  quartus,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — o.  Movens  secundus,  Rectus  ezternus  oculi 
— o.  Movens  tertius,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

OCULUS,  Eye— o.  Bovinus,  Hydrophthalmia 
— o.  Bo  vis,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum — o. 
Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia— o.  Cassias,  Glaucoma 
—  o.  Duplex,  Binoculus  —  o.  Elephantinus,  Hy- 
drophthalmia— o.  Genu,  Patella — o.  Lacrymans, 
Epiphora  —  o.  Purulentus,  Hypopyon  —  o.  Sim- 
plex, see  Monoculus — o.  Typhonis,  Scilla. 

OCTMUM,  see  Ocimum  —  o.  Sylvestre,  Clino- 
podium  vulgare. 

OCYODYNIC,  Ocytocic 

OCYPH'ONUS,  from  okv(,  'quick/  and  fovos, 
*  murder.'    An  agent  that  kills  speedily. 

OCYTOCEUS,  Ocytocic 

OCYTOCIC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoc'eue,  Ocytoc'iut, 
Ocytocin,  Ocyody'nie,  Odinago'gue,  from  ofwj, 
4  quick,'  and  tokos,  *  labour.'  Any  thing  that  ex- 
pedites parturition. 

OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCUS,  Ocytocic. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxee'mue,  Odontoene'eU, 
Odontocneemue,  from  otovs,  *  a  tooth.'  The  pain- 
ful itching  of  the  gums  which  precedes  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  teeth.    Dentition. 

ODES.    A  suffix,  see  Eidoa. 

ODEUR,  Odour. 

ODIN,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODINAGOGUS,  Ocytocic 

ODINOI/YSIS,  from  oitv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
Xw<Tij,  '  solution.'    Mitigation  of  labour  pains. 

ODINOPCE'A,  from  o&tv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
roicu,  'I  make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour 
pains. 

ODIS,  Pains,  labour. 

ODME,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  o$ov<,  'a  tooth,'  and  aypa, 
'a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty  pain  in  the 
teeth.    Dentagra. 

ODONTALGIA,  from  oiovs,  'a  tooth,'  and 
**Y<»>  'pain.'  Odon'tia,  Den' Hum  dolor,  Tooth- 
ach,  Odon'tia  dolorosa,  Gomphi'aeie,  Ooviphiae'- 
wuu,  Odontodynia,  (F.)  Douleur  dee  dent;  Flux- 
ion  eur  let  dents,  Mai  de  dent,  Mai  cT  amour.  A 
I  dependent  npon  a  variety  of  causes  affect- 


ing the  cavity  of  the  tooth ;  but  generally  owing 
to  caries,  which  exposes  the  cavity  to  the  actum 
of  the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters  in  general 
Hence,  the  treatment  oonsists  in  plugging  the 
tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensibility  of  the  nerve, 
by  powerful  stimulants ;  and,  if  these  means  fail, 
in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  Dental  gangrene  —  e. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition  —  o.  Hsemodia,  Hsemodia. 

Odontalgia  Nervosa,  Neural' gia  Denia'lio. 
Neuralgia  of  the  teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting  with  the  utmost  violence 
along  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  distributed  to 
the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Remitters  st  Intermittens, 
Neuralgia  infra- or  bitaria. 

ODONTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgie. 

ODONTAMBLYOGMUS,  Hsemodia, 

ODONTHiEMODIA,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTHARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

ODONTHYPER^STHESIS,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odontia  Defor'mis.  Deformity  of  the  teeth 
from  error  or  shape,  position,  or  number. — Good. 

Odontia  Dentitionis  Lactantium,  see  Denti. 
tion  (first) — o.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Dentition 
(second)  —  o.  Eden  tula,  see  Nefrendes — o.  Ex- 
crescens,  Epulis  —  o.  Inerustans,  Odontolith**— 
o.  Stuporis,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTIASIS,  Dentition. 

ODONTIATER,  Dentist. 

ODONTIATRIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTIC,  Anti-odontalgie. 

ODONTITIS,  OdontophUg'monl,  from  mien, 
'a  tooth,'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOBOTHRITIS,  Odontopkatni'H*,  I- 
Jlamma'tio  alveolo'rum,  from  odontobothriwm, 
'alveolus,'  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  alveoli 

ODONTOBOTHRIUM,  Alveolus. 

ODONTOCLA'SIS,  from  ooovs,  'a  tooth/  and 
*X«*tf,  'fracture;'  Fraetu'ra  den' tie.  Fracture 
of  a  tooth. 

ODONTOCNESIS,  Odaxismua. 

ODONTOCNESMUS,  Odaxismus. 

0D0NT0DES,  Odontoid. 

ODONTODYNIA,  Odontalgia. 

ODONTOGENY,  Odontogen'ia ;  from  <*W 
o&oytos.  '  a  tooth/  and  ytvtctf,  '  generation.'  Ge» 
neration  or  mode  of  development  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOGLYPHON,  Dentiscalpium,  Qua 
lancet. 

ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium,  Qum 
lancet 

ODONTOGRAPHY,  Odontoaraph'ia,  from 
oiovi,  'a  tooth/  and  yp*+n,  '*  description.'  A 
description  of  the  teeth. 

ODON'TOID,  Odontoi'dee,  Odo*to>de*,  Dewti- 
form'U,  Dcnta'lie,  Dentoideue,  Pyrtnot'dee,  from 
oiovs,  'a  tooth/  and  u&ot,  'shape/  'resemblance.' 
This  epithet  is  given  to  the  Proceeene  dentatm  ef 
the  second  vertebra  or  axis. 

Odontoid  Lig'aments,  (F.)  LioamenU  •&*- 
tdidiene,  are  two  strong  and  short  conical  Jaed 
cull,  whose  truncated  summits  embrace  the  sMn 
of  tho  odontoid  process,  and  whose  bases  are  fixed 
in  the  fossae  at  the  inner  side  of  the  condyles  ef 
the  occipital  bono.  Their  direction  is  obliqmerr 
outwards  and  slightly  upwards.  They  enter  into 
the  composition  of  the  occipito-axoid  articula- 
tion ;  strengthen  the  junction  of  the  head  with 
the  vertebral  column,  and  limit  the  movement  ef 
rotation  of  the  atlas  on  the  axis. 

ODONTOL'ITHOS,  from  o&mc,  *  a  tooth/  and 
\t$os,  '  a  stone.'  A  sort  of  incrustation,  of  a  yel- 
lowish colour,  which  forms  at  the  base  of  the 
teeth,  and  is  called  Tartar,  Tar1  tame  . 


ODONTOLOGY 


60* 


CBILLST 


Qdon'tt'a  tncrvs'tans,  Col*  cuius  denta'lis,  (F.) 
Tartre  des  Dents.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine 
parts  of  phosphate  of  lime ;  twelve  and  a  half  of 
mucus ;  one  of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and 
seven  and  a  half  of  animal  substance,  soluble  in 
chlorohydrio  acid.  Infusoria  have  been  found 
in  it. 

ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontoloxia,  from  oieos,  'a 
tooth/  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse/  An  anatomical 
treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTONECROSIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOPARALLAXIS,  from  oievs,  <  a  tooth/ 
and  irapaAAafc,  'deviation/  Irregularity  and  ob- 
liquity of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOPHATNfi,  Alveolus. 

ODONTOPHATNITIS,  Odontobothritis. 

ODONTOPHYIA,  Dentition. 

ODONTOPRISIS,  Brygmus,  Stridor  dentium. 

ODONTOSEI'SIS,  Odontoseis' mus,  Den'tinm 
vacillan'tia.     Looseness  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOSEISMUS,  Odontoseisis. 

ODONTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOSPHACELISIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSPHACELISMUS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSTERE'SIS,  from  ooovs,  'a  tooth/ 
and  arcprjcn,  '  privation/    Loss  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOSYNERISMUS,  from  oiovs,  'a  tooth/ 
and  (rvvtpi&tv,  '  to  strike  together.'  (F.)  Claque- 
ment.     Chattering  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOTECHNY,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTHERAPIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTRIMMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODORAMENTUM,  Odoriferum. 

ODOR  AT,  Olfaction.  \ 

ODO RATIO,  Olfaction. 

ODORATUS,  Olfaction— o.  Deperditus,  Anos- 
mia. 

ODORIF'ERUM,  from  odor,  'odour/  and/ero, 
'I  carry/  Odor  amen' htm.  A  medicine  that  gives 
odour  or  flavour.    A  scent.    A  perfume. 

ODOS,  Way. 

O'DOUR,  Odor,  OdnU,  Osmi,  (F.)  Odeur.  A 
smell.  Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly 
escaping  from  the  surface  of  certain  bodies. 
They  act,  in  some  manner,  by  actual  contact 
-with  the  nerves  of  the  Sohneiderian  membrane, 
and  give  occasion  to  the  sense  of  smell  or  olfac- 
tion. 

ODOUS,  Teeth. 

OD'YNE,  otvvr,,  'pain/  Dolor,  Odyne^ma.  A 
very  common  suffix  to  words ;  as  in  Pleurodyne. 

ODYNEMA,  Odyne. 

(ECONOMIA,  Economy  — 03.  Anunalis,  Phy- 
siology. 

(EDALICUS,  (Edematous. 

CEDALIUS,  (Edematous. 

GEDE'MA,  from  otiu*,  *1  am  swollen.'  Hy- 
dron'cw,  (Edemat'ia,  Hyderon'cus,  Hydaton'cus, 
Jlydrooede'ma,  Hydrede'ma,  Hydrops  cellula'ris 
ar'tuum,  Phlegmasia,  Leueophlegma'tia,  Ecpky'- 
inn  cedemat'icum,  (F.)  (Edtme,  (EdSmatie,  Enfiure. 
Swelling  produced  by  the  accumulation  of  a  se- 
rous fluid  in  the  interstices  of  the  areolar  texture. 
Thi*  swelling  is  soft;  yields  under  the  finger; 
preserves  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 
pale  and  without  pain.  It  presents  the  same 
characters  as  anasarca,  which  is  general  oedema. 
Its  etiology  and  treatment  are  also  the  same. 
See  Anasarca. 

(Ed eu a  Acctum,  see  Anasarca. 

(Edema  Arsenica'lis.  The  swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of  the 
preparations  of  arsenic. 

(Edema  Calidum,  see  Anasarca— ce.  Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus  externus. 

(Ede'ma  Cer'edri,  (F.)  (Edime  du  cerveau. 
(Edema  of  the  brain.  A  condition  of  the  cerebral 
39 


pulp,  in  which  there  is  an  infiltration  of  serous 
fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  more  moist  or  wa- 
tery than  eommon ;  and,  when  sliced  or  pressed, 
small  drops  of  water  are  seen  to  ooce  out 

(Edema,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue — 09.  Omentum,  Suggillation — ce.  Febrile, 
see  Anasarca  —  ce.  Fugax,  Anathymiasis  —  ce. 
Hysterieum,  Anathymiasis. 

(Edema  of  the  Glottis,  (Edtm'atous  Laryn- 
gi'tit,  X.  submuco'sa  sou  ozdemato'sa  sen  sero- 
purxden'ta,  (Ede'ma  glot'tidis,  Hydrops  glot'tidu, 
Angi'na  aquo'sa,  A.  larynge'a  oedemato'ea,  Sub- 
mucous LaryngVtis,  (Edem'atous  angi'na,  (F.) 
Laryngite  cedemateuse,  L.  asdtmateuse  et  e£ro-pu- 
rulente,  L.  susglottique,  L.  sous-muqueuse,  Angine 
laryngie  cedemateuse,  (Edime  de  la  glotte.  A, 
disease  consisting  of  serous  or  sero-purulent  in-/ 
filtration  into  the  submucous  tissue  of  the  glottis. 
The  symptoms  resemble  those  of  croup ;  but  the 
disease  attacks  the  adult  rather  than  the  child. 
The  age  is,  indeed,  a  principal  means  of  diagnosis 
between  the  two  affections. 

The  disease  is  almost  always  fatal.  The  treat- 
ment has  to  vary  according  to  the  accompanying 
general  symptoms. 

(Edema  Lactettm,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

(Edema  of  the  Lungs,  (Ede'ma  pulmo^nttm> 
Pnewnoch'ysis,  Pneumonaede'ma,  Hydrops  Pul- 
mo'num,  Hydropneumo'ma,  Ana  tar' ca  Putmo'- 
num,  (F.)  (Edime  du  poumon.  Laenneo  has  so 
called  the  infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of 
the  lung,  carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish 
its  permeability  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  of  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious;  the  respira- 
tory murmur  scarcely  perceptible,  although  the 
thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a  slight 
rdle  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base  and  infe- 
rior part  of  the  lung.  The  sound  on  percussion 
is  clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally  so.  The  cough 
is  attended  with  aqueous  expectoration.  In  some 
cases  the  respiration  becomes  puerile  in  a  small 
portion  of  the  summit  of  the  lung. 

(Edema  Neonatorum,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue —  ce.  Palpebrarum,  Hydroblepharon  — 
ce.  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — ee.  Pulmo- 
num,  (Edema  of  the  lungs — op.  Pulmonum  chro- 
nicum,  Hydropneumonia  —  ce.  Scroti  aquosum, 
Oschydroedema — ce.  Scroti  cruentum,  (Escbsema- 
toadema — oe.  Scroti  purulentum,  Oscheopyocdema 
—  oe.  Scroti  urinosum,  Urocele  —  ce.  Spasticum, 
Anathymiasis  —  ce.  TJvuIk,  Staphyledema. 

(EDEMATIA,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATIE,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATOSARCA,  OBdemosarca. 

(EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,  (Edemoscheoce'le, 
Osckeoce'li  cedemaVico.  Oscheocele  with  oedema 
of  the  scrotum. 

(EDEM'ATOUS,  (Edemato'eus,  (Edemat'icus, 
(Edemaio'des,  (Edal'ius,  (EdaVicus,  Edem'atom. 
Affected  with  oedema. 

(EDltME,  (Edema  —  oe.  du  Cerveau,  (Edema 
cerebri  —  as.  Douloureux  de$  /emmet  en  couche, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — ce.  des  Nouvelles  accouchfes, 
Phlegmatia  dolens  —  oe.  aeiif  dee  Nouvelles  oe- 
conchies,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  as.  ds  la  Glctte, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  ce.  de  la  Olotte,  Angina 
oedematosa  —  ce.  du  Tiseu  eeUulaire  dee  nouveatt- 
nSs,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

(EDEMOSAR'CA,  (Edematosar'ca.  A  species 
of  tumour  mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which 
holds  a  middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 

(EDEMOSCHEOCELE,  (Edematoscheoeele. 

CEIL,  Eye — as.  de  Been/,  Anthemis  tinctoria— - 
oe.  Double,  Binoculus — ce.  de  Lievre,  Lagophthai- 
mus  —  ce.  Simple,  see  Monoculus. 

(EILLET  GIRO  FLEE,  Dianthus  oaryophjrl. 
lus. 


(EILLI&RE 


610 


(BSTBUS 


(RILlliRE,  Scaphmm  oenlare. 
OSNAN'THE,  (E.  croca'ta,  (E.  cfoBrophyVU 
fo'liie,  Hemlock  dropwort,  Hemlock  water-drop- 
wort,  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Sy$t.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  violent  poison  of  the  acro- 
narootio  class.  Its  juice  has  been  recommended 
in  certain  cutaneous  diseases j  but  it  is  scarcely 
ever  used.     It  is  employed  in  fomentations. 

(Enanthb  Aquatic  a,  Phellandrium  aquaticnm 
—03.  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium  aqnaticum — oe. 
Striata  rigida,  Seseli  tortuosum. 

(ENELJS'ON,  from  eives,  'wine/  and  tXatov, 
'  oil/  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine. — Galen.  Also, 
reotified  spirit  or  alcohol. 

(ENOG'ALA,  otvoyaka,  from  otvos,  '  wine/  and 
yoXa,  'milk/  —  'a  mixture  of  wine  and  milk/ 
According  to  some,  wine  as  warm  as  new  milk. 

(ENOG'ARON,  Garum  vino  mistum.  Wine 
mixed  with  garum. — Aetius. 

(ENOIDES,  Vinous. 

(ENOMA'NIA,  Oinoma'nia,  from  oivo<t  'wine/ 
and  mania.  Delirium  tremens.  Properly,  wine- 
mania.  An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating 
liquors. 

(E' NO  MEL,  (Enom'eli,  from  wvoy,  'wine/  and 
ocAc,  'honey/  Mel  vino' mm,  MuUum  Vino* turn. 
Honey  wine.    Wine  mead. 

(KNOPHLYGIA,  Temulentia. 

(ENOPHLYXIS,  Temulentia. 

(ENOS,  Wine. 

(EN  0  STAG  MA,  Spiritus  vini  rectificatus. 

(ENOTHE'RA  BIEN'NIS,  (E.  MoUWeima  sen 
murica'ta  seu  gauroi'dee,  On'agra,  Evening  Prim- 
rote,  Tree  Primrote,  Primroee  tree,  Cure-all, 
Sealneh.  An  indigenous  plant,  common  on  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges.  Sex. 
Syrt.  Octandria  Monogynia,  Its  properties  are 
mucilaginous  and  slightly  acrid.  A  deooction 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  infantile  and  other 
eruptions. 

(Enothbra  Gauboidbs,  0.  biennis  —  oa.  Muri- 
cata,  0.  biennis. 

(ESOPHAGEAL,  (Eeophaga'ue,  (F.)  (Eeo- 
phagien.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(Esophageal  Ap'erturb  of  the  Di'aphragm, 
(F.)  Ouverture  ouophagienne  du  diaphragme.  An 
opening  in  the  diaphragm  for  the  passage  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(Esophageal  Aperture  of  the  Stomach.  A 
name  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  inferior  or 
pyloric. 

(Esophageal  Muscle,  GBeophaga'u*.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  transverse 
muscular  fibres  which  surround  the  oesophagus 
at  its  upper  extremity. 

Oesophageal  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

CESOPHAGEURYS'MA,  (Eeoph'agu*  eueeen- 
turia'tue,  from  oi<ro<payo(,  'the  oesophagus/  and 
npvopa,  '  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGIALGIA,  (Esophaglsmus. 

OBSOPHAGIARCTIA,  Dysphagia  constrict*, 

(ESOPHAQIEN,  (muscle,)  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

(B80PHAGIS'MUS,<E»opAa£w'm«m.  A  name 
given  by  Vogel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus,  Dye- 
pha'gia  tpaemod'ica,  D.  Spastica,  (Eeophago- 
epatm'ue,  I).  Nervo'ea,  Strictu'ra  aumph'agi  epat- 
mod'iea,  (Beophagial'gia,  TeneJmue  Quia,  (F.) 
Teneeme  de  Fcnopkage.  By  some  used  synony- 
mously with  oesophagitis,  dysphagia,  and  con- 
traction of  the  oesophagus. 

(BSOPHAGI'TIS,  Angi'na  cuophaga'a,  Oy- 
SMM'dbf  auophagr'a,  Dytphafgia  in/Ummato'ria, 


Infiamma'tio  oeeoph'agi,  I.  Quia,  (F.)  Adgim 
oeeophagienne.  Inflammation  of  the  oesophagus. 
(ESOPHAGODYN'IA,  from  «»•+«?»*  'the 
oesophagus/  and  oevm,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

(ESOPHAGOPATHI'A,  Morbu*  (Eeopk'agi, 
from  otvo<payos,  'the  oesophagus/  and  rofeb 
'disease.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA,  Dyepha'gia  paralyt- 
ica, Lavmoparaly'eie,  from  otc<nf>ayf,  « the  oeso- 
phagus/ and  nX/ryit,  ' •  stroke/  Paralysis  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGORRHAG"IA,  from  otn+ay*,  'the 
oesophagus/  and  payy,  'a  rupture/  Hemorrhage 
from  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGORRHCE'A  from  eioefay**  'the 
oesophagus/  and  pcu,  'I  flow/  Discharge  of 
blood  or  mucus  from  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGOSPASM'US,  from  oi«*ay«,  'the 
oesophagus/  and  eraopos,  'spasm/  Spasm  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGOT'OMY,  (Eeophagotom'i*,  from 
oiaofayof,  *  the  oesophagus/  and  rtpvtiv, '  to  cut' 
An  incision  made  into  the  oesophagus  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  foreign  bodies  from  it 

«S0PH'AGUS, from  em,  'I  carry/  and  $*?*. 
'I  eat/  Gula,  FiVtula  ciba'lie,  Via  etam'acki  *t 
ventrie,  Fie'tula  vel  Infundib'nlunx  Fcafrir'w<'f 
Gluttus.  The  Gullet.  A  musculo-tnembranwis 
canal,  cylindrical,  and  depressed  from  before  to 
behind,  which  extends  from  the  inferior  extresniiT 
of  the  pharynx  to  the  upper  orifice  of  the  tto- 
mach.  At  its  ftrigin,  it  is  situate  in  the  nedui 
line ;  but,  beneath  the  larynx,  it  deviates  to  th* 
left,  and  in  the  chest  experiences  different  inflec- 
tions. In  its  cervical  portion,  it  corresponds, 
behind,  with  the  spine ;  before,  with  the  larynx 
and  trachea;  and,  at  the  sides,  it  is  close  to  tbe 
primitive  carotids,  internal  jugular  veins,  par 
vftgum,  recurrent  nerves,  Ac  In  its  inferior  cr 
thoracic  portion,  the  oesophagus  is  entirely  con- 
tained in  the  posterior  mediastinum ;  and  enters 
the  abdomen  through  the  oesophageal  aperture 
of  the  diaphragm.  The  oesophagus  is  composed 
of  a  very  strong  muscular  layer,  sometime*  csilei 
Tunica  vagina' lie  gula  ;  formed,  itself,  of  two  sett 
of  fibres,  the  external  being  general  longitudinal 
the  internal  transverse  or  annular.  2.  Of  a  bs- 
oous  membrane  which  is  soft,  fine,  thin,  s*4 
white,  especially  at  its  lower  part.  It  is  ceataa- 
ous,  above,  with  the  mucous  membrane  of  lis 
pharynx.  The  mucous  follicles,  found  besests. 
it,  are  not  numerous,  and  have  been  called  (&* 
phageal  glande.  The  arteries  of  the  ofisophagss 
proceed,  in  the  neck,  from  the  thyroid ;  in  (be 
chest,  from  the  bronohial  arteries  and  directly 
from  the  aorta; — in  the  abdomen,  from  the  infe- 
rior phrenic,  and  coronaria  ventrienlL  Its  vena 
empty  themselves  into  the  inferior  thyroid,  ts* 
vena  cava  superior,  the  internal  mammary,  aty- 
gos,  bronchial,  phrenic,  and  coronaria  ventrksE. 
Its  lymphatics  pass  into  the  ganglia  surround** 
it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded  by  the  posoyagssl 
and  pulmonary  plexuses ;  by  the  cardiac  nerve?; 
the  thoracic  ganglia,  and,  especially,  by  uVs 
pneumogastrics  and  their  recurrent  branches. 

(Esophagus  Svccbxtubiatus,  Pharyngocek. 

(ESTROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

(ESTRUATION,  Orgasm,  see  Heat. 

(ESTRUM,  Clitoris. 

GSstrux  VEN'smrs,  (Eefrum  vene'rtum,  (Ettrm 
vene'reue;  from  otrrpos,  oestrus,  'a  violent  impaka 
or  desire.'  A  vehement  desire  for  sexual  inter- 
course.   With  some,  antrum  signifies  Clitoris. 

(ESTRU8,    Clitoris  — oe.  Venereus,    (Esoss 


ORSYPUS 


611 


OINTMENT 


CB'STPUS,  from  ©if,  'a  sheep/  and  amos, 
'dirt'  [?].  The  greasy  matter  of  unwashed 
wool ;  formerly  employed  in  friction  in  diseased 
joints. 

CEUFS,  Ova. 

OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEON'S, 
Iatrion. 

OFFICINA,  Pharmacopoliom. 

OFFICINAL,  Officinalis,  from  officina,  (a 
shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found  in  the 
■hop  of  the  apotheoaryf  ready  prepared  —  usua'- 
lia;  in  opposition  to  magistral  or  extemporaneous, 

—  those  prepared  after  the  prescription  of  the 
physician. 

OFFIUM,  Amon,  Opium. 

OFFSPRING,  Epigone. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGLA,  Oogalo. 

OONON,  a  Corn— o.  Marin,  Scilla. 

OHI'O,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Yellow 
Spring  is  a  chalybeate,  situate  in  Greene  county, 
64  miles  from  Cincinnati.  It  is  somewhat  fre- 
quented. 

OIDIUM  ABORTIFACIENS,  see  Ergot. 

OIE,  Sorbus  domestica. 

OIQNON,  Allium  cepa. 

OIL,  O'leum,  Elm' on,  (F.)  Hnile;  from  cXata, 
*  the  olive.'  A  collective  name,  under  which  two 
classes  of  fluids  are  included,  very  different  from 
each  other :  those  belonging  to  the  one  olass,  are 
viscid,  mawkish  or  almost  insipid ;  those  of  the 
other  are  nearly  devoid  of  viscidity,  and  are 
caustic  and  very  volatile.  The  former  are  called 
fat  or  fixed  oil*;  the  latter  volatile  or  essential 
oils,  or  essences. 

Oil  of  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdalarum  —  o.  of 
Amber,  rectified,  see  Succinum — o.  Animal,  Oleum 
animale— o.  Animal,  of  Dippel,  Oleum  animale 
Dippelii  —  o.  of  Bay,  Daphnelsson — o.  of  Bays, 
Oleum  laurinum  —  o.  and  Beeswax,  Unguentom 
eero — o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin,  Oleum  benso- 
ini — o.  Bonne,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 

Oil,  British.  An  empirical  preparation  often 
used  in  oases  of  sprains. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  for  its 
preparation.  —  01.  Terebinth,,  01.  Lini.  writatis*. 
&&.  f 2iy,  01.  Succini.,  OL  Juniper,  aa.  fgiv,  Pe- 
troL  Barbadms.  f^iij,  PetroL  American.  (Seneca 
Oil,)  fgj.    M. 

Oil  or  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao — o.  of  the  Ca- 
shew nut,  see  Anocardium  occidentale — o.  Castor, 
see  Rioinus  communis  —  o.  of  Chabert,  Oleum 
animale  empyreumaticum  Chaberti — o.  of  Cinna- 
mon, see  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  o.  of  Cloves. 
Eugenia  caryophyllata — o.  Cod,  0.  Jecoris  aselli 
o.  Codliver,  0.  Jecoris  aselli— o.  of  Copaiba,  Oleum 
Copaibas — o.  of  Cubebs,  see  Piper  cubeba — o.  of 
Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum  —  o.  of  Dill,  see  Ane- 
thum  graved  ens  —  o.  Dippel's,  Oleum  animale 
Dippelii  —  o.  of  Egg,  see  Ovum  —  o.  Ethereal, 
Oleum  JEthereum  —  o.  Flaxseed,  see  Lin  urn  usi- 
tatissitnum. 

Oil,  Fdsel,  Al'cohol  amyVieum,  (Ph.  D.)  Fousel 
oil,  Pota'to  oil.  An  acrid  volatile  oil,  formed  in  the 
manufacture  of  potato  brandy,  and  which  is  not 
easily  separable  from  it  Its  chemical  constitu- 
tion is  analogous  to  that  of  alcohol.  It  exhales 
a  powerful  and  peculiarly  suffocating  odour.  S. 
g.  .818.     In  small  doses  it  is  highly  stimulating, 

—  acting  like  narcotics  in  general.  In  large 
doses  it  destroys  the  mucous  membranes  of  the 
stomach. 

Otl,  Haeblbit.  An  empirical  preparation 
supposed  to  consist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  turpen- 
tine, and  balsam  of  sulphur.  Used  internally  in 
renal  and  rheumatio  affections. 

Oil,  Kbumholz,  see  Pinus  mughos— o.  of  La- 1 


mons,  see  Citrus  medic* — o.  Lily,  see  LMuni 
candidum  —  o.  of  Mucilages,  Oleum  e  muoila- 
ginibus — o.  Neatsfoot,  Oleum  bubulum — o.  of 
Nicodemus,  Nicodemi  oleum  — o.  Nut,  Juglans 
cinerea — o.  of  Nutmogs,  see  Myristica  mos- 
cbata — o.  Olive,  Oleum  olivae  —  o.  Palm,  see 
Cocos  butyracea — o.  Paper,  Pyrothonide  —  o. 
of  Pennyroyal,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides  —  o. 
of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii  piscis  —  o.  Rock,  Petro- 
l»um  —  o.  Potato,  Oil,  Fusel  —  o.  Rag,  Pyrotho- 
nide—  o.  Rayliver,  see  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli  —  o, 
of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia — o.  of  Rue,  Pegane- 
lsaon,  see  Ruta — o.  of  Spike,  Oleum  terebinthinss 
—o.  of  St.  John's  Wort,  see  Hypericum  perfora- 
tum—o.  Salad,  Oleum  olives — o.  of  Scorpion,  see 
Scorpion — o.  Sulphuretted,  Balsamum  sulphuris 
simplex  —  o.  of  Tartar,  Liquor  potass®  subcar- 
bonatis  —  o.  of  Tobacco,  Oleum  tabaci  —  o.  of 
Turpentine,  Oleum  terebinth  in  as  —  o.  of  Turpen- 
tine, rectified,  Oleum  terebinthinso  rectificntum — 
o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum  Valerianae  —  o.  of  Vitriol, 
Sulphuric  acid — o.  of  Wine,  Oleum  sethereum. 

Oils,  Animal,  Olea  an im alia — o.  Distilled,  Olea 
volatilia— o.  Empyreumatic,  Olea  empyreumatica 

—  o.  Essential,  Olea  volatilia — o.  Ethereal,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fatty,  Olea 
fixa— o.  Fixed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fugacious,  Olea  fu- 
gocia — o.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinolia — o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volatilia. 

OILY,  Oleaginous— o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orient- 
ale. 

OINOMANIA,  (Enomania. 

OINTMENT,  Unguentum  — o.  of  Antimony, 
tartarized,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Ointment,  Arsen'ical,  of  Sir  Astleu  Cooper. 
This  is  mode  of  arseniotis  acid  gj ;  sulphur,  £j ; 
spermaceti  cerate,  Jj.  It  is  spread  on  lint,  and 
applied  to  cancerous  sores. 

Ointment,  Basilicon,  Unguentum  resinse — o. 
Bay,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  of  Belladonna, 
Unguentum  belladonna  —  o.  Blister,  Cerate  of 
cantharides  —  o.  Blistering,  green,  Unguentum 
lyttse  medicatum— o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lyttse —  o.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lyttsd  medicatum  aliud  —  o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri —  o.  Citrine,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis  — o.  of  Creasote,  Unguentum  creosoti  — 
o.  Cyrillo's,  Unguentum  muriatic  hydrargyri 
oxygenati  medicatum— o.  Digestive,  simple,  Un- 
go  on  turn  digestivum  simplex  —  o.  Edinburgh, 
see  Unguentum  verotri  —  o.  Elder,  Unguentum 
sombuci  —  o.  of  Elemi,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
posite m —  o.  for  the  Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see 
Ceratum  resins  —  o.  Golden,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxidi — o.  Golden,  Singleton's, 
see  Singleton's  golden  ointment — o.  Goulard's, 
Ceratum  pluinbi  compositum — o.  Green,  Unguen- 
tum sambuci —  o.  Hellebore  white,  Unguentum 
veratri  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  potassium,  Unguen- 
tum potassm  hydriodatis  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  Sul- 
phur, Unguentum  sulphuris  iodidi — o.  of  Iodine, 
Unguentum  Iodini — o.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Un- 
guentum iodini  compositum  —  o.  Itch,  Unguen- 
tum sulphuris  compositum  —  o.  Itch,  Bateman's, 
see  Unguentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  soa- 
biem  —  o.  Itch,  Bailey's,  see  Unguentum  sul- 
phuratum ad  scabiem  —  o.  Itch,  Hclinerick's, 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem 

—  o.  Issue,  Dr.  Physiek's,  see  Unguentum  lytta) 
medicatum  aliud  —  o.  of  white  oxide  of  Lead, 
Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi  —  o.  of  Lydia, 
Bacons  —  o.  Marshmollow,  Unguentum  de  Al- 
thssa— o.  Mercurial,  Unguentum  hydrargyri— o. 
of  nitrate  of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis  —  o.  of  gray  oxide  of  Mercury,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  hydrargyri  cinerei  —  o.  of  nitric  oxyd 
of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydl 

—  o.  of  Nitrous  acid,  Unguentum  ocidi  niUosi-- 


OIOCALYMMA 


612 


OLECRANON 


o.  Plunkett's,  for  cancer,  Plunkett's  ointment — o. 
red  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargjri  nitrico- 
oxydi — o.  of  white  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri  prsscipitati  albi  —  o.  Resin,  Ceratum 
reaimo  flavae  —  o.  Resin,  blaok,  Unguentum  re- 
rinae  nigra  —  o.  of  Rosewater,  Unguentum  aquae 
rosa)  —  o.  Soldier's,  Martiatum  unguentum  —  o. 
of  Spanish  flies,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Un- 
guentum lyttso  —  o.  Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce- 
tacei  —  o.  of  Stramonium,  Unguentum  Btramonii 
—  o.  of  Subacetate  of  copper,  Unguentum  sub- 
acetatis  cupri  —  o.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentum 
plumbi  supcracetatis  —  o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  —  o.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  compositum — o.  Tar,  Unguentum  picia 
liquida)  —  o.  Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaci  —  o. 
Tutty,  Unguentum  oxidi  xinci  impuri — o.  Verdi- 
gris, Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri— o.  Wax,  Un- 
guentum ccrae  —  o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi 
plumbi  albi — o.  Zinc,  Unguentum  zinci — o.  of  im- 
pure oxide  of  Zinc,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 
OIOCALYM'MA,  Oiocalyp'trum ;  from  otov, 
'egg,'  and  KaXvirruv,  *  to  cover  ;'  Membra'na 
O'vuli  cortica'liu.  The  membrane  of  the  egg- 
shell. 

OLD  AGE,  Senectus. 
OLD  MAN,  Arteminia  abrotanum. 
OLD  WIFE'S  SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 
OLKA  ANIMA'LIA,  Animal  oil;  (F.)  Huile* 
animate*.     A  name  given  to  fixed  oils  holding  in 
solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous  princi- 
ples of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of  frog*,  Oil 
of  tcorpion*,    Oil  of  tpider*,  Ac.      Sometimes, 
also,  the  term  animal  oil*  is  given  to  empyreu- 
matio  oils,  produced  during  the  decomposition  of 
animal  substances  by  heat. 
Olea  Destillata,  0.  volatilia. 
Olea   Empyreumat'ica,  Empyreumat'ic  oiU, 
(F.)  Unites  empyreumatique*.     Oils  which  have 
an  empyreutnatio  or  burnt  smell.     They  are  ob- 
tained by  treating  vegetable  or  animal  matters  by 
heat,  in  close  vessels.     They  do  not  exist  in  or- 
ganized bodies,  but  are  formed  during  their  de- 
composition by  fire.     The  animal  oil  of  Dippel  is 
an  ompyreumatic  oiL 

Olea  Europjs'a,  0.  aati'va  seu  lancifo'lia  sen 
polymor'pha  sen  QalVica,  Oli'va,  Olive  tree, 
tXaia,  EUt'a,*  (F.)  Olivier,  (Fruit)  Olive.  Nat, 
Ord.  Jasmine®.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  leaves  of  the  olive  are  bitter,  and  an 
extract  prepared  from  them,  and  a  substance 
called  olivi'na,  the  bitter  principle  of  the  leaves, 
have  been  given  in  Italy  as  antiperiodics.  The 
fruit,  when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
stomachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  are 
prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  repeatedly 
steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or 
alkaline  salt  is  added,  and,  afterwards,  they  are 
washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of  common  salt 
and  water.  From  this  fruit  is  prepared  the  Olive 
oil  or  Salad  oil  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  which  is 
obtained  by  grinding  and  pressing  the  olives, 
when  thoroughly  ripe.  The  finer  and  purer  oil 
issues  first  by  gentle  pressure,  and  the  inferior 
sort  on  heating  what  is  left,  and  pressing  it  more 
strongly.  See  Oleum  Olivso.  In  Calabria,  an 
odorous  resin  exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is 
employed  as  a  perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in  warm 
countries,  which  consists,  according  to  Pelletier, 
of  a  resin,  a  little  benzole  aoid,  and  a  peculiar 
substance,  called  OUvile.  It  is  in  yellow  masses, 
of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a  vanilla  smell. 
It  Is  called  Olea  gummi,  0.  reri'na,  and  0.  baW- 
«m«m,  (F.)  Qomme  olivier,  and  is  esteemed  astrin- 
gent and  detersive. 

Olba  Fixa  tsl  Pin'ouia,  Exy***ed  oil*, 
Fixed  e&.  Fatty  oil*,  (F.)  Hull**  fix**  ou  frame*. 


All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds  or  pericarps 
of  vegetables,  without  distillation,  and  which  are 
viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and  sapid;  lighter 
than  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  ran- 
cidity of  oils  depends  on  the  absorption  of  oxy- 
gen, and  therefore  they  should  be  kept  in  bulk 
as  much  as  possible ;  and  in  narrow-necked  bot- 
tles, so  that  a  very  small  surface  only  can  be  ex- 
posed to  the  air.  All  the  fixed  oils  are  emollient, 
and,  in  a  certain  dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and 
emetics.  They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the 
fruit  or  seed  containing  them. 

Olea  Fuoa'cia,  Fuga'ciou*  oil*,  (F.)  Huile* 
fugace*.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so  vo- 
latile that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse  must 
be  had  to  a  different  process  from  that  employed 
for  other  essential  oils.  Such  are  the  oils  of  jes- 
samine, lily,  violet,  Ac. 

Olba  Gallic  a,  0.  Europssa — o.  Lancifolia,  0. 
Europe?  a. 

Olba  Medici* a'lia,  Medic" inal  oil;  (F.) 
Huile*  Medicinale*.  A  name  given  to  oils  pre- 
pared by  macerating,  infusing,  or  boiling  medi- 
cinal substanoeB  in  olive  or  any  other  fixed  oils. 
These  oils  may  then  be  regarded  as  oily  solutions 
of  certain  medicinal  substances;  whence  they 
can  never  be  Bimple.  They  have,  however,  been 
divided  into  timplc  and  compound  medicinal  oil*. 
To  the  former  belong  the  Oil*  of  St.  John:*  tcort,  of 
the  Solanum  nigrum ,  Ac ;  to  the  other — which  have 
often  been  called  Oilu  baUam;  (F.)  Baume*  A*t- 
leux — the  BaUam*  of  Fioraventi,  Metz,  Ac  Me* 
dicinal  oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 

Olka  Polymorpha,  0.  Europaaa— o.  Saliva,  0. 
Europsea. 

Olea  Volatil'ia,  Olea  de*tilla'ta,  Volatile 
oil*,  jEtnero'lea,  Ethe'real  oil*,  E**ential  oil*, 
£H*til'led  oil*,  E***ence*,  (F.)  Huile*  volatile*.  H. 
estentiellet.  Oils  found  in  aromatic  vegetables, 
and  in  every  part  of  them,  except  in  the  interior 
of  the  seeds.  The  majority  are  obtained  by  dis- 
tillation ;  but  some  by  expression.  They  possess 
unctuosity,  inflammability,  and  viscidity,  like  the 
fixed  oils;  but  they  are  generally  odoriferous, 
pungent,  and  acrid.  The  greater  part  are  lighter 
than  water;  but  some  are  heavier,  and  congeal 
at  a  moderate  temperature.  They  dissolve,  in 
small  quantity,  in  distilled  water,  by  simple  agi- 
tation. Almost  all  are  soluble  in  alcohoL  The 
odour  and  taste  are  the  usual  tests  of  their  good- 
ness. To  preserve  them,  they  should  be  kept  ia 
a  cool  place,  in  small  bottles,  quite  full  and  well 
corked.  Volatile  oils  are  possessed  of  the  aro- 
matic properties  of  the  plants  whence  they  are 
obtained.  They  are  all,  when  applied  externally, 
stimulant  and  rubefacient 

0LEAG"IN0US,  Oleagino'w,  OUo'tmtu  Oflv: 
containing  oil,  —  as  'an  oUaginou*  or  oily  mix- 
ture.' 

OLEA'MEN,  Oleamen'tum,  Any  soft  oint- 
ment prepared  of  oil. — Scribonius. 

OLjSANDER,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

OLECRANARTHRI'TIS,  from  «X**p.w,  <tfa« 
olecranon,'  aoBpov,  'joint,'  and  iti*,  denoting  in- 
flammation.   Inflammation  of  the  elbow  joint 

OLECRANOID  CAVITY,  see  Ulna. 

OLECRANON,  Olecra'non,  Ofec'miMist,  0«W- 
ranon  mob' ill;  from  uXsm,  'the  elbow/  and  v*- 
vov,  l  the  head.'  AcroU'nion,  Additau%rm!tum  ■*• 
ca'tum,  Ancon,  Proo******  anconeus,  Olom*  sea 
Coro'na  seu  Goro'na  po*t*rior  seu  Additawmem'tmm 
unca'tum  Ulna,  Vert**  Cu'bxti,  Patel'lafLr*,  J?o*- 
trum  tacter'num  seu  poete'riu*,  Top  of  tae  <we*s> 
Head  or  projection  of  the  elbow.  A  large  pro- 
cess at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ulna,  on  which 
we  lean.   When  this  process  ia  fraotared,  it  is  apt 


0LECRANARTHR0CACE 


613 


OLEUM 


to  be  drawn  up  by  the  triceps,  and  mueh  care  is 
required  to  keep  tbe  parts  in  apposition. 

OLECRANARTHROC'ACE,  from  «A«n,,  'tbe 
elbow/  Kpavo¥,  'the  head/  and  arthrocace.  A 
name  given  by  Rust  to  inflammation  of  the  arti- 
cular surfaces  of  the  elbow. 

OLEFIANT  GAS,  CHLORIDE  OP,  see  Anasa- 
thetic. 

OLENE,  Ulna. 

OLEO-CERATUM  AQUA  SUBACTUM,  Ce- 
ntum Galeni. 

OLEOSACCHARUM,  Eleeo-saccharum. 

OLEOS  US,  Oleaginous. 

OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  At 
Olette,  in  the  department  Pyr6n6es  Orientates,  is 
a  thermal  spring,  which  r aires  the  thermometer 
to  190°  Fahr.     It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

OLEUM,  Oil — o.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  picea — o. 
Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium,  (oil  of)  —  o. 
Acnsticum,  Huile  acouetique. 

Oleum  JStde'reum,  JE  the' real  oil  (formed  in 
the  distillation  of  ether).  Oleum  vini,  Oil  of  trine, 
(P.)  Huile  donee  de  vin.  A  peculiar  oleaginous 
matter,  obtained  by  continuing  the  distillation, 
after  the  whole  of  the  sulphurio  ether  has  passed 
oyer  in  tbe  process  for  the  preparation  of  the 
latter.  It  is  nsed  only  as  an  ingredient  in  the 
compound  spirit  of  ether.  It  is  officinal  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonite 
fortius. 

Oleum  Amygdala'rum,  Oleum  amyg'dala,  Oil 
of  Almonds,  (P.)  Huile  (famandes.  (Expressed 
from  both  street  and  bitter  almonds^-Amygdalus 
communis,  gxvj  of  almonds  yield  3  v  of  oil.)  It 
is  inodorous,  insipid,  and  of  a  pale  straw  colour, 
and  is  employed  as  a  demulcent  and  emollient. 

Oleum  Avacardii,  see  Anacardium  occidentale. 

Oleum  Anima'lE,  An'imal  oil,  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
mate. An  oil  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subjected  to 
the  action  of  heat.  It  is  fetid,  and  always  con- 
tains a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonato  of  am- 
monia. See  Olea  Empyreumatica.  The  name 
animal  oil  is  sometimes  also  given  to  the  fat  con- 
tained in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The  composition  of 
this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ  from  that  of  the 
fixed  oil. 

Oleum  Aktsta'lB  Dippe'lii,  Animal  oil  of 
Dippel,  Oleum  cornu  cervi,  0.  C.  C.  rectifiea' turn , 
Animal  oil,  DippeVs  oil,  Oleum  pyro-anima'U 
depura'tum,  O.  anima'li  athe'reum,  Pyro'Uum 
os'sium  rectifiea' turn,  (P.)  Huile  animate  de  Dip- 
pel,  Huile  de  come  de  eerf,  is  obtained  by  distil- 
ling animal  matters,  especially  hartshorn,  on  the 
naked  fire.  The  subcarbonato  of  ammonia,  which 
it  contains,  renders  it  partly  soluble  in  water,  and 
communicates  to  it  the  stimulant  properties  for 
which  it  is  used  in  medicine.  It  is  employed  as 
an  antispasmodic. 

Oleum  Anima'lE  Empyreumat'icum  Chaber'- 
TI,  0.  Empyreumat'icum  sea  anthelmin'ticum  sen 
contra  ta'niam  Chaber'U,  Empyreumat'ic  oil  of 
Chabert,  Oil  of  Chabert,  is  made  by  adding  one 
part  of  animal  oil  to  three  parts  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, leaving  them  to  eombine  for  four  days,  and 
then  distilling  three  parts.  An  effective  anthel- 
mintic   Dose,  a  tea-spoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Oleum  Aximaliza'tum  per  Infusio'xem,  (F.) 
Huile  animalise'e  par  infusion,  Huile  aromatique, 
H.  de  petits  chiens.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonie  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil,  first  depriv- 
ing them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intestines. 
When  tho  decoction  was  cold,  origanum,  thyme, 
pennyroyal,  St.  John's-wort,  and  marjoram  were 
added. 

Oleum  A  nisi,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  o.  An- 


thelmintics m  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  empyren* 
maticum  Chaberti— o.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium — o.  Balaninum,  Quilandina  moringa  (oleum) 
— 0.  Balsami,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

Oleum  Benzo'iki,  Oil  of  Benzoin  or  Benjamin. 
An  oil  obtained  by  heating,  in  a  sand-bath,  the 
matter  which  remains  after  benzoic  acid  has  been, 
separated  from  benzoin  by  tbe  aid  of  heat.  It 
has  been  regarded  as  balsamic  and  sudorific 

Oleum  Beroamii,  see  Bergamote. 

Oleum  Bu'bulum,  Neafs-foot  oil.  The  oil 
prepared  from  the  bones  of  Bos  Homesticus.  It 
is  obtained  by  boiling  in  water  for  a  long  time 
the  feet  of  the  ox,  previously  deprived  of  the 
hoof.  It  is  introduced  into  the  officinal  list  of 
the  Ph.  U.  S.  as  an  ingredient  of  the  ointment 
of  nitrate  of  mercury. 

Oleum  Cacao  Spissatum,  Butter  of  Cacao  — 
o.  Cadinum,  see  Juniperus  oxycedrus  —  o.  Caju- 
puti,  Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Camphoratum,  Linimen- 
tum campboree— 0.  Cari  sen  Carui,  Carum  (oleum) 
— o.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

Oleum  Ced'rimum,  Essentia  de  cedro,  (P.) 
Huile  de  cfdrat.  The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons, 
obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  manner,  without 
distillation. 

Oleum  Chaberti,  0.  animale  empyreumaticnm 
Chaberti  —  o.  Chenopodii,  see  Chenopodium  an- 
thelminticum — o.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis— 0.  Cinnamomi,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum  — 
o.  Contra  Tseniam  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  em- 
pyreu maticum  Chaberti. 

Oleum  Copa'iBjE,  Oil  of  Copa'iba.  (Copaib, 
Tbij ;  Aqua,  cong.  iv.  Distil  three  gallons ;  sepa- 
rate the  oil;  return  the  water  to  the  copaiba,  and 
again  distil  three  gallons.  Separate  the  oil,  and 
add  it  to  the  other.  Ph.  U.  S.)   Dose  gtt.  x  to  xxx. 

Oleum  Cornu  Cervi,  0.  animale  Dippelii — 0. 
Cubebac,  see  Piper  cubeboe — o.  Euphorbias  lathy- 
I  ridis,  see  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  0.  Fixum  mi  cum 
'  cocos  butyraccaj,  see  Cocos  butyracca — 0.  Foeni- 
I  culi,  see  Anethum — o.  Gabianum,  Petrolsoum— o. 
I  Gallinse,  Alkale  —  0.  Gaultherioc,  see  Gaultheria 
I  — 0.  Hcdeomcc,  see  Hedeoma  pulcgioides — o.  Hy- 
I  perici,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  0.  infernale, 
'  0.  Ricini. 

Oleum  Jec'oris  Aset.lt,  0.  3for'rhua>,  0.  Je- 
eino'ris  Aselli,  Axun'gia  Oa'di,  A.  Pisci'na  wcr- 
ri'na,  Codliver  oil,  Cod  oil.  (F.)  Huile  de  morue, 
Huile  de  Foie  de  morue.  Tho  animal  oil,  which 
appears  under  this  name  in  commerce,  is  obtained 
from  several  of  the  species  belonging  to  the  genus 
Gndus.  The  clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  It 
appears  to  have  no  sensible  effect  upon  the  eco- 
nomy,* but  has  been  given  in  strumous  affections, 
rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  and  tu- 
mours of  the  mammae.  The  dose  for  an  adult  is 
from  fZij  to  f3iss. 

Baytiver  oil,  O'leum  rata,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses. 

Oleum  Junipbri,  see  Juniperis  communis— 0. 
Juniperi  empyreumaticnm,  see  Juniperus  oxyce- 
drus—  0.  de  Eerva,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  o. 
Kervinum,  Bee  Ricinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'num,  Oleum  lauri,  Oil  of  bay* 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with  in- 
flammation. 

Oleum  Laurinum,  Daphnelseon,  Ungnentnm 
L. — 0.  LavendulsB,  see  Lavendula  —  0.  LentiscU 
nnm,  Schinelaeon— -o.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica 
— 0.  Lini,  see  Linum  usitatissimum— o.  Lini  com 
calce,  Linimentum  aquas  calcis. 

Oleum  Lu'cii  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike.  Prom  the 
liver  of  the  Esox  luciiut  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used  in  some  countries  to  de- 
stroy specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  Malabathri,  see  Malabathrtun  —  *. 


OLEUM 


614 


OLIGOSIALIA 


Maris,  see  Fagara  octandra —  o.  Melaleucas  leu- 
cod  end  ri,  Caieput  (oil) — o.  Mentha  piperita},  see 
Mentha  piperita — o.  Mentha)  viridis,  Mentha  vi- 
ridis  —  o.  Monardee,  Monarda  punctata — o.  Mor- 
rhuse,  0.  jecoris  aselli. 

Olkum  e  Mucilagix'ibus,  Oil  of  Mn'cilaget. 
.(Had.  althacc  rec.  lb  as;  tern,  lini,  sem.fcenugrcBci, 
uu  3iij  ;  aqua,  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour;  add 
oL  uliv.  Oiv ;  continue  the  boiling  till  the  water 
is  nearly  consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Oleum  Mvristicjs,  see  Myristica  moschata — 
o.  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

Oleum  OLi'ViK,  0.  olica'rum,  Olive  oil,  Salad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  and  transparent  oil; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when  ripe. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient,  —  possessing  the 
qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  olives  in 
water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the  surface,  is 
also  used  in  Pharmacy.     See  Olea  Europsea. 

Olkum  Omphacimjm,  Omotribes  —  o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum  —  o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz — o.  do  Palma  Christi,  see  Ricinus 
communis  —  o.  Fulrueo,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o. 
Pal  mac  liquidum,  see  Ricinus  communis — o.  Pe- 
tra>,  Petrolueum — o.  Petrce  album,  Naphtha — o. 
Piciuuin,  Brutia,  Pisselseum —  o.  Pimento,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta — o.  Pini  purissimum,  0.  tere- 
binth in  aa  rectificatum  —  o.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
fralegium  —  o.  Pyro-animale,  0.  animale  Dippelii 
—  o.  Raia3,  see  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli  —  o.  Ricini, 
Bee  Ricinus  communis  —  o.  Rosa},  see  Rosa  cen- 
tifolia — o.  Rosarum,  Rhodelseon — o.  Rutaceum, 
Peganelaeon  —  o.  Rosmarini,  see  Rosmarinus — o. 
RuUb,  see  Ruta — o.  Sabinsa,  see  Juniperus  Sabi- 
na  —  o.  Sassafras,  see  Laurus  Sassafras  —  o.  Se- 
sami,  see  Sesamum  orientale  —  o.  Sinapis,  see 
Sinapis — o.  Spicas  vulgaris,  0.  terebinthinm — o. 
Succini,  see  Succinum  —  o.  Succini  rectificatum, 
see  Succinum. 

Olkum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'eamum  eulph'nrie 
liwplex,  Sulph'urated  oil.  (Sulphur,  lot.  JU  J 
oliva  olei,  tbj.  Heat  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  pot, 
and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used  in 
coughs,  asthma,  Ac,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Oleum  Tab'aci,  Oil  of  Tobacco.  An  empyreu- 
matio  oil,  obtained  from  coarsely  powdered  to- 
bacco by  heating  the  retort  to  dull  redness. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Tartari  per  Deltquium,  Liquor  po- 
tassoB  subcarbonatis — o.  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  Terebin'thiitc,  Oil  of  Turpentine.  The 
volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  pinus  paiustris,  and 
other  species  of  pinus. 

Oleum  Terebin'thixa  Rkctifica'ttjm,  Oleum 
pini  purie'eimum,  Rectified  oil  of  turpentine,  Ole- 
um tcrebin'thina  athe'reum,  Sp.  of  turpentine. 
Common  oil  of  turpentine  is  also  called  Common 
oil  of  Spike,  Oleum  epical  vulga'ri.  ( Olei  tere- 
binth. Oj ;  aqua,  Oiv.  Distil  over  the  oil.)  It  is 
stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and  rubefacient 
Dose,  £sb  to  3j. 

Queetonian  Embrocation  for  rheumatism  con- 
lists  of  oU  terebinth.,  ol.  oliv.  aa  £iss;  acid,  eulph. 
dil.  £uj. 

Oleum  Theobrom*  Cacao  Expressum,  Butter 
•f  oacao —  o.  Tiglii,  Croton  tiglium. 

Oleum  Valbria'xas,  Oil  of  Vale'rian.  The 
d!«til)ed  oil  of  the  root  of  Valeriana  officinalis — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Vini,  0.  rotherenm  — o.  Vitrioli,  Sul- 
phuric acid. 


OLFACTION,  Olfac'tm,  from  olfacer*  far 
odefacere  (odor,  and /acerc),  Oepkre'eie,  Oephraf- 
eia,  Oephre'aia,  Oeme'eU,  Odora'tio,  Odora'tue, 
Seneut  oemomet'ricue,  Sense  oftmell,  Smelling,  (F.) 
Odorat.  The  sense  by  which  we  perceive  the 
impressions  made  on  the  olfactory  nerves  by  the 
odorous  particles  suspended  in  the  atmosphere. 
The  olfactory  nerve  or  first  pair  has  usually  been 
considered  the  great  nerve  of  smell;  sad  it  is 
probably  the  nerve  of  special  sensibility,  general 
sensibility  being  communicated  by  the  branches 
of  the  fifth  pair,  distributed  on  the  pituitary  mem- 
brane of  the  nose  and  sinuses. 

OLFACTORY,  Olfacti'vue,  Olfacto'rinm,  Oe- 
phran'ticue,  Oephrante' Hue,  Oephrc'ticua,  from 
olf actus,  '  the  smell/  That  which  belongs  or  re- 
lates to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Olfactory  Bulb,  see  Olfactory  nerve*. 

Olpac'tort  Fo  ram 'in  a,  (F.)  Trout  olfaetift, 
are  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the  eth- 
moid bone,  through  which  the  olfactory  nerre 
passes. 

Olfactory  Lobe,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Olfac'tory  Nerves,  Ethmoid'al  nerve;  Par 
primum  Nervo'rum  cer'ebri,  Nensi  odonxto'rii, 
Procee'eue  mamiUa'ree  sen  Papilla' run;  Proeeetu* 
mamillaret  cer'ebri  ad  naree,  P.  papilln're*,  Cu- 
run'culat  mamiUa'ree, — thefiretpairofencephal'it 
nervee.  This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from 
the  medulla  oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the 
brain,  opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius,  by  three  roots;  which,  by  their  union, 
form  a  triangular  knot  or  expansion.  When  it 
reaches  the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms 
a  triangular  ganglion,  or  grayish,  soft  bulb, — 
Bulbue  olfacto'riua —  Olfactory  bulb,  tubercle,  or 
lobe, — which  furnishes,  from  its  inferior  surface, 
the  branches  that  have  to  be  distributed  to  the 
nasal  fossae.  These  filaments  are  very  numerous; 
they  pass  through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform 
plate  and  enter  the  nasal  fossse.  They  are  dis- 
tinguished into  the  internal,  external,  and  middle. 
The  former  are  distributed  over  the  mucous  mem- 
brane, covering  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal 
fossae ;  the  second  descend  upon  the  septum,  and 
the  third  are  lost,  almost  immediately,  on  the 
portion  of  the  pituitary  membrane  that  lines  the 
vault  of  the  fosses. 

Olfactory  Tubercle,  see  Olfactory  nerres. 

OLFACTUS,  Olfaction  —  o.  Aeutus,  Ujperot- 
phresia — o.  Amissio,  Anosmia  —  o.  Denotes, 
Anosmia  —  o.  Dppravatus,  Parosmia. 

OLIBANUM,  see  Juniperus  lycia — o.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  Pinus  abies — o.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abtss. 

OLIGASMIA,  Ans9mia>  Hsemaporia,  Hypsemia. 

OLIGIDRIA,  Ischidrosis. 

OLIGOBLEN'NIA,  from  oXtyoj,  'few/  a*4 
PXtwa,  'mucus.'    A  deficiency  of  mucus. 

OLIGOCHOLIA,  from  eAtyo*  'few/  and  v«U, 
'bile.'    Paucity  of  bile. 

OLIGOCH'YLUS,  from  o\ty*s,  'little/  sad 
XvAes,  'juice/  '  chyle.'  An  epithet  for  food  whiea 
is  but  little  nutritive;  which  furnishes  little  carte. 

OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from  oAiy<*,  'few/  is* 
Kovpos,  *  excrement'  Scantiness  of  alvine  evacs- 
ations. 

OLIGODAC'RYA,  from  oXiyof,  'little/  as* 
iaiepv,  'a  tear.'    Paucity  of  lachrymal  seovticfi. 

OLIGOGALACTIA,  Agalactia, 

OLIGOGALIA,  Agalaxis. 

OLIGOR£MIA,  Ansamia,  Hemaporia,  Hy- 
pssmia. 

OLIGOPO'SIAi  from  oXtyoc,  'little/  said  **m* 
'  drink.'    Diminution  in  the  quantity  of  drinks. 

OLIGOSIALIA,  from  oXtyo*  'little/  and*** 
W, '  saliva.'    Paucity  of  saliva* 


OLIGOSPERMIA 


615 


OMPHALO-MESBNTERIO 


OLIGOSPERMIA,  from  «Xiy«,  'little/  and 

wwtpta,  '  spenn.'    Paucity  of  spermatic  secretion. 

OLIGOSPOND'YLUS,  from  oXiyoj, 'few/ 
'  small/  and  enovivXos,  *  a  vertebra.'  A  monster 
with  defective  vertebrae. —  Gurlt. 

OLIGOTRICHIA,  from  oXiyoy,  « little/  and 
fy«£,  '  hair.'    Want  of  hair.     Paucity  of  hair. 

OLIGOTROPHIA,  Par'cior  nulrt'f'io,  from 
oXiyos,  '  little,'  and  rptfu,  'I  nourish.'  Deficient 
nourishment. 

OLIGURE'SIA,  Olignre'ri;  Oligourc'rie,  Oli- 
goure'aia,  from  oXiyeg,  '  little,'  and  ovpte),  '  I  pass 
urine.'  Morbidly  diminished  urinary  secretion. 

OLISTHEMA,  Luxation. 

OLIVA,  Olca  Europssa. 

OLIVJE,  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVAIRE  CAUTltRE,  of  the  French  sur- 
geons, is  a  cautery  whose  extremity  is  terminated 
by  a  button  having;  the  shape  of  an  olire. 

OLIVARI3,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped — o.  Bodies,  Corpora 
oKvaria. 

Ol'ivary  Proc"esb,  ProceJtu*  Oliva'ri;  is  a 
small  ridge,  running  transversely  between,  and  a 
Uttlo  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  clinoid  pro- 
cesses of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  by  some  consi- 
dered as  the  fourth  clinoid  process. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europsea  —  o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europsea. 

OLIVE-SHAPED,  Oliva'ri;  Olivifor'mi;  Ol'- 
ivary, from  oliva,  'an  olive.'  Resembling  an 
olive.     See  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 

OLIVIER,  Olea  Europsea. 

OLIVIFORMIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVINA,  see  Olea  Europeea. 

OLLA  CAPITIS,  Cranium. 

OLMITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Isohia.  Tempera- 
ture, 100°  Fahrenheit. 

OLOPBLYCTIDE,  Herpes. 

OLOPHO'NIA,  from  ©AX«,  oXAww,  'I  lose,'  and 
fwri;,  '  voice.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
vocal  organs.  —  Good. 

Olopiionia  Labii  Lobata,  Harelip  —  o.  Lin- 
gua fraenata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 

OM'AGRA,  Hom'agra,  from  wuos,  'tho  shoul- 
der,' and  ay  pa,  '  a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the  shoulder. 

OMAL'GIA,  from  ufiost  'the  shoulder/  and 
a\yo$,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  shoulder. 

OMARTHRITIS,  from  wfios,  'the  shoulder/ 
apOpov,  'a  joint/  and  if  is,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  shoulder-joint. 

OMARTHROC'ACE,  from  »/«,?,  'shoulder/ 
apOpov,  'a  joint/  and  koko{,  'bad.'  Arthrocace 
of  the  shoulder-joint.  Caries  or  suppuration  of 
the  shoulder-joint 

OMA'SUM,  Omaeu;  Manyplies.  The  third 
stomach  of  ruminant  animals. 

OMBILIC,  Umbilicus. 

OMBILICALE,  Umbilical. 

OMBRAGE,  Nebula. 

OMENTA,  Meninges. 
„    OMENTESIS,  EpiploiUs. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiplottis. 

OMENTULA,  Appendicular  pingnedinossB. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— o.  Colicum,  Epiploon, 
colic  —  o.  Gastro-colicum,  Epiploon,  gastro-colio 
— o.  Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro-splenic— o. 
Great,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic — o.  Hepato-gastri- 
eum,  Epiploon,  gas tro -hepatic  —  o.  Lesser,  Epi- 
ploon, gastro-hepatic— o.  Majns,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic—  o.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic — o. 
Ostium,  Periosteum  —  o.  Third,  Epiploon,  colic 

OMICHESIS,  Micturition, 


OMICHMA,  Urine. 

OMI'TIS,  from  *pto<,  '  the  shoulder/  and  bit, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  in  or  about 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMMA,  Eye,  Vision. 

OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVORE,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVOROUS,  Omnivoru*,  Omniph'apu, 
Pantopk'agus,  (F.)  Omnivore,  from  omnia,  'all/ 
and  voro,  '  I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals — Pan- 
tophagitU — which  eat  every  kind  of  food,  animal 
or  vegetable. 

OMO.  In  composition,  an  abridgment  of  omo* 
or  omut,  the  humerus. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR,  see  Coraoo-elavieular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glenc. 

OMO-HY01DEUS,  Cor'aco-hyoideu*,  Scapula- 
hydldicn,  Omo-hyo\d\en,  Omoplat-hyo'idien,  Hyo- 
\ax9  Quartus  Mus' cuius.  This  muscle  is  situate 
obliquely  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck.  It 
is  slender,  long,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the  su- 
perior costa  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi-lunar 
notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs  across  it, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  consists  of  two 
fasciculi,  united  by  a  common  tendon,  and  is  a  true 
digastric  muscle.  It  depresses  the  os  hyoides, 
carrying  it  a  little  backwards,  and  to  one  side, 
except  when  it  acts  with  its  fellow,  when  the  bone 
is  depressed,  and  drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPHAGIA,  Omoait'ia,  from  w/ioj,  'raw/ 
and  ^ayw,  '  I  eat'  Fondness  for  raw  food.  Eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula— o.  Colder,  Collum 
scapulae. 

OMOPLAT-HYOlDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus. 

OMOS,  Crude,  Humerus. 
-  OMOSITIA,  Omophagia. 

OMOTAR'ICHOS,  from  «w  'the  shoulder/ 
and  Tapi%os,  'pickled.'  SnUamen'tum  crudnm; 
Salted  Tunny  Fith,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder-piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hydrophobia. 

OMOTES,  Crudity. 

OMOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOT'RIBES,  Omphac"imim  O'levm,  from 
mot,  '  crude/  and  rpi/?w,  '  I  bruise.'  Oil  expressed 
from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  oufaKtov,  from  o^arof.  'an 
unripe  grape ; — Succue  vva  actr'b<B>  Ompha'cium. 
The  juice  of  unripe  grapes.     Also,  Verjuice, 

OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM).  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  0m- 
phaci'tis  is  also  the  name  of  a  small  gall. — 
Dioscorides. 

OMPHACIUM,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACOM'ELI,  from  o/npaKof,  'an  unripe 
grape,  and  ut\i,  '  honey.'  A  sort  of  oxymel,  made 
of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes  and  honey. 

OMPHALELCO'SIS,  from  op$a\o{f  'the  navel/ 
and  'cAtfoc,  '  an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  navel. 

OMPHALEX'OCHfi,  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

OMPHALOCELE,  Exompbalos. 

OMPIIALOMANTI'A,  from  #«***«,  'the  na- 
vel/ and  uayrtia,  '  prophecy.'  A  species  of  divi- 
nation, practised  by  credulous  matrons,  who  pre- 
tend to  be  able  to  know  the  number  of  children 
a  female  will  have,  by  the  number  of  knots  in 
the  navel-string  of  the  child. 

OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,  Omphalo-meeen- 
ter'iciMf  Om'phalo-metara'icu* ;  from  ou<pa\os,  'the 
navel/  and  mesenterium,  '  the  mesentery.' 

Okphalo-Mesentebic  Vessels,   FtWfome. 


OMPHALO 


616 


ONYCHOGRYPH03IS 


•enter'/ c,  Vitelline  vessels.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their  rami- 
fications on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical  vesicle. 
There  is  an  omphalo-mesenterie  artery  and  vein. 
The  omphalo-mesenterie  artery  is  a  branch  of  the 
superior  mesenteric ; — the  vein  empties  itBelf  into 
the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the  branches  of  the  su- 
perior mesenteric  Velpeau  affirms,  that  they 
inosculate  with  a  branch  of  the  second  or  third 
order  of  those  great  vessels,  with  those  in  parti- 
cular that  are  distributed  to  the  csocum,  and  he 
regards  them  to  be  the  vessels  of  nutrition  of  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are  occasionally  met 
with  in  the  foetus,  at  the  full  period,  under  the 
form  of  whitish  filaments,  which  extend  from  the 
mesenteric  vessels  to  the  umbilicuB. 

OMPHALO-MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

OMPHALONCUS,  Omphalophyma. 

OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS,  Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 

OMPHALOPHY'MA,  Omphaloncm,  from 
opfdXos,  '  the  navel/  and  (f>vfxa,  '  tumour.'  A  tu- 
mefaotion  of  the  navel. 

OMPHALOPROPTOSIS,  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALORRHAGIA,  Omphalor'rhagS, 
from  o/j^aAoff,  '  the  umbilicus/  and  pnyvvpt,  *  I 
break  out/  Hemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus,  in 
the  new-born  in  particular. 

OMPHALORRHEXIS;  from opfaXos, 'navel/ 
and  p??<f,  'rupture/  Omphaloneurorrhexis.  Rup- 
ture of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALOS,  Umbilicus. 

OMPHALOSITE,  from  orfaXos,  'the  navel/ 
and  viroty  'nourishment.'  A  monster  that  pos- 
sesses an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  which  ceases  when 
the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPHALOTOMY,  Omphalotom'ia,  from  o/i- 
fa\os,  '  the  umbilicus/  and  repvu,  '  I  cut/  The 
division  of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus. 

OMUS.  Crude,  Humerus. 

ON  AGRA,  (Enothera  biennis. 

ONANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ONCOS,  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oyicos,  'a  tumour/  Tumours, 
as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Intumescence. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,  Onkotomy,  from 
cyicos, '  a  tumour/  and  ropy, '  incision/  The  open- 
ing of  an  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument,  or 
the  excision  of  a  tumour. 

ONCTION,  Inunction. 

ONCUS,  Swelling,  Tumour. 

ONDULATION,  Fluctuation. 

ONEBERRY,  Paris. 

ONEIROCRIT'ICUS,  Oneiroc' rites,  from  ovei- 
pos,  'a  dream/  and  *picif,  ' judgment/  One  who 
judges  according  to  dreams. 

ONEIRODYNIA,  from  ovcipos,  'a  dream/  and 
oiwn,  'pain/  Painful  dreams.  Incubus  and 
Somnambulism  are  oneirodynia. 

Oneirodynia  Actiya,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
lism— o.  Gravans,  Incubus. 

ONEIRODYNIE  QRAVATIVE,  Incubus. 

ONEIROG'MUS,  Oneirog'ynS,  Oneiropol'esis, 
from  ovcipog,  'a  dream/  A  lascivious  dream; 
pollution ;  nocturnal  pollution. 

ONEIROGONORRHCEA,  Pollution,  noo- 
tarnal. 

ONEIROGONOS,  Pollution. 

ONEIROLOGY,  Oneirology ia,  from  ovttpos, '  a 
dream/  and  \oyvs,  'a  description/  The  doctrine 
of  dreams. 

ONEIROMANTI'A,  from  empos,  'a  dream/ 


and  fiavrua, '  divination/    The  art  of  divining  by 
dreams ;  or  of  interpreting  dreams. 

ONEIRON'OSUS ;  from  o*upos,  'a  dream,' 
and  vovof,  'a  disease/  Somnia'tio  morfo'aa. 
Morbid,  uneasy  dreaming. 

ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmua. 

ONERA  ALVI,  Excrement. 

ONQLADE,  Paronychia. 

ONGLE,  Nail. 

ON  GLEE,  (F.)  Digito'rum  stupor  ct  gfl*. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  fin- 
gers, caused  by  cold. 

ONGLE T,  Pterygion. 

ONGUENT,  Unguentum  — o.  tTAltkta,  Un- 
guentum  de  Althaea — o.  de  Blanc  de  balciue,  Un- 
guentum cetacei  —  o.  Blanc  de  J? haze*,  Unguen- 
tum plumbi  Bubcarbonatis —  o.  de  Cervsmc,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  Bubcarbonatis— o.  Citrin  cxmtre 
la  gale,  tfnguentum  hydrargyri  nitras — o.  Diges- 
tif simple,  Unguentum  digestivum  simplex  — «. 
Grit,  Unguentum  oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — o. 
de  Guimauve,  Unguentum  de  althaea — o.  de  Lam- 
rier,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  Memriel,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri — o.  Napolitain,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri — o.  de  Nitrate  de  merenre,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitratis  —  o.  de  Poix  et  de  eire9 
Basilicon— o.  de  Soldat,  Martiatum  unguentum — 
o.  de  Sureau,  Unguentum  sambuci — o.  de  Tuma- 
mira,  Unguentum  plumbi  Bubcarbonatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa  — o.  Sea, 
Scilla. 

ONIS'CUS,  Asel'lus,  Ou'tio,  Porceriio.  Porcef- 
lus,  Por'cuhts,  Diminutive  of  ovos,  'a  small  ass.' 
A  genus  of  insects  very  common  in  cellars  and 
dark  and  moist  places. 

O.visci  A  belli,  Millepedes,  Aselli,  Mittepfedm, 
Fabce,  Wood-lice,  Slaters,  Hog-lice,  (F.)  Ciopor- 
tes  ordinaire*,  had,  at  one  time,  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopoeias.  They  were  considered  stimulant 
and  diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 

ONI T IS,  Origanum  dictamnus. 

ONKOTOMY,  Oncotoiny. 

ONOLOSAT,  Obolus. 

ONOMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature. 

ONOMATOLOGIA,  Nomenclature. 

ONONIS  ANTIQUORUM,  0.  spinosa. 

Ono'nis  Arven'sis,  (F.)  Bugrane  des  cJkamps, 
has  properties  like  the  next. 

Ononis  Spino'sa,  Ano'nis,  Rcsta  &ort«,  Arres'tm 
bovis,  Rem'ora  Ara'tri,  Ononis  antiquo' runt,  Rest 
harrow,  (F.)  Arrite-banif,  Bugrande  fpincuse,  Bm- 
grane.  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex.  SymL  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  plant  was 
once  used  as  a  diuretic. 

ONOPORDON  ACAN'THIUM,  O»opor'd*n 
acan'thittm,  Car'duus  tomento'sus,  Acon'thinst, 
Ac'anos,  A.  spina,  Spina  alba,  Cotton  Thistle, 
(F.)  Char  don  auxAnes.  Family,  Cinarocephak*. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  seqnalia.  Th* 
expressed  juice  has  been  recommended  as  a  cure 
for  cancer  applied  externally. 

ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordcn 
acanthium. 

ONTHUS,  Fimus. 

ONYCHAUXE,  from  omf  ow^o*,  'a  nail/  as4 
av^rjt  'increase/  Unusual  increase  of  the  sua 
and  thickness  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHEXALLAX'IS;  from  owfc  *a  nan/ 
and  cfaAXafr, '  ehange/  A  morbid  condition  of 
the  nails. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCHITIS  j  from  owf,  'nail/  and  iti*,  dc- 
noting  inflammation.    Inflammation  of  a  nafl. 

ONYCHOCLASIS;  from  ow&  'a  nail/  a&4 
K\aai(,  '  fracture/    Fracture  of  a  nail/ 

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogryphosi*. 

ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS,  'Onychograph's** 


0NYCH0N03I 


017 


OPHTHALMIA 


Onyehogrypto'sis,  Onychocrypto'ris,  Grifiho'sis, 
Orypho'sis,  Onyx' is,  from  ©»>u£,  'the  nail,'  and 
grypoeis,  '  crookedness/  Curvature  of  the  nails ; 
sucn  as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals.  Also,  grow- 
ing  in  of  the  nails ;  Incarna'tio  sea  Adunca'tio 
seu  Arctu'ra  un'guium. 

ONYCHON'OSI,  Onychonn'si,  from  owf,  «a 
nail/  and  vow,  '  a  disease/    Disease  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPH'THORA,  Onychophtho'ria,  Ony- 
eoph'thora,  Onycophtho'ria,  from  owl;,  '  the  nail/ 
and  <p$opa,  '  degeneration/  A  degenerate  condi- 
tion or  destruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPHYMA,  from  •*«{,  'the  nail/  and 
<f>vpa,  '  a  tumour/  A  painful  defeneration  of  the 
nails,  which  become  thick,  rough,  and  crooked. 
It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphilis  and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTOSIS,  Piptonyc'hia,  Diuresis 
Un'gula, from  ow£,  'a  nail/  and  vruets,/ falling/ 
The  falling  off  of  the  nails. 

ONYCOPHTHORA,  Onychophthora. 

ONYX,  Hook,  blunt,  Nail,  Ptcrygion.  Also,  a 
collection  of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminae 
of  the  cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail. 

ONYXIS,  OnychogrypboMS. 

ONYXITIS,  see  Paronychia. 

OOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OODKOCELB,  see  Hernia  (foraminis  oralis.) 

OODES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOG'ALA,  Oog'la,  Ogla,  Puis  ex  Ovis  et  Lacti. 
Milk  of  eggs.     A  preparation  of  eggs  and  milk. 

OOGLA,  Oogala.  * 

OOIDES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOLEMMA  PELLUCIDUM,  Zona  pcllucida. 

OOLOG"IA,  Ovohg"ia,  Ovol'ogy,  from  wor, 
'an  ovum  or  egg/  and  >oyof,  'a  discourse/  'a 
description/    A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON,  Ovum. 

OONINE,  Albumen. 

OOPHORAUXE,  Oarioparectama. 

OOPHORITIS,  Ooritis. 

OOPHORON,  Ovary. 

OORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OPACITY,  Opac"itas,  Opa'cousness  ;  from 
opaeare,  '  to  obscure/  Quality  of  that  which  is 
opake.  The  property  possessed  by  some  bodies 
of  not  allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.  It  is 
opposed  to  transparency.  Opacity  of  the  cornea 
constitutes  albugo  or  leucoma;  —  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OPAKE',  Opa'eue,  Opa'cous.  An  epithet  given 
to  bodies,  which  do  not  permit  the  passage  of 
rays  of  light  The  opake  cornea  is  the  sclerotica, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  transparent  cornea  or 
true  cornea. 

OP'ALINE.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less  like 
that  of  the  opal. 

OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation  — o.  Chirur- 
gica,  see  Operation — o.  Chymica  seu  pharma- 
ceutical Operation,  chymical,  Ac.  —  o.  Simplex, 
Haplotomia. 

OPERATION,  Opera'tioj  from  opus,  operis, 
'  work/  The  application  of  instruments  to  the 
human  body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease. 
The  object  of  an  operation,  opera'tio  chirur'pica, 
is  generally  to  divide  or  reunite  parts,  to  extract 
extraneous  or  noxious  bodies,  and  to  replace  or- 
gans that  are  wanting,  by  different  instruments 
or  artificial  means.  The  principal  operatory  me- 
thods have  been  called  Synthesis,  Diaresis,  Er  ar- 
rest's, and  Protheeis.  Frequently,  the  most  diffi- 
cult subject  connected  with  an  operation  is  to 
decide  when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, and  when  improper. 

OPERATION.!  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 


Operation,  Bilateral,  see  Lithotomy— o.  Ot- 
sarienne,  Cesarean  section. 
*  Operation,  Chtm'ical  or  Pharmaceutical, 
Opera'tio  chym'ica  seu  pharmaceu'tica,  is  any 
process  whose  object  is  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines j  their  combinations  with  each  other,  ana* 
lynis,  and  decomposition; — such  are,  solution, 
distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation,  digestion  % 
maceration,  infusion,  decoction,  cafcination,  Ac. 
Some  of  these  operations  are  mechanical;  others, 
really  chymical. 

Operation,  High,  see  Lithotomy— o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotomy — o.  Signultian,  Symphyseotomy. 

OP'ERATOR.  A  surgeon  who  is  in  the  habit 
of  practising  the  greater  operations.  One  who 
performs  any  operation.  To  be  a  good  operator, 
the  surgeon  must  be  well  acquainted  with  ana- 
tomy, and  be  possessed  of  strong  nerve.  See 
Surcreon. 

OPERCULUM,  Operto'rium,  Opcrimen'tum, 
from  operire,  'to  cover/  A  cover  or  lid.  In 
fishes,  the  gill  cover. 

Operculum  Asperjs  Arterls,  Larynx — o. 
Cutis,  Epidermis — o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of— o. 
Laryngis,  Epiglottis — o.  Oculi,  Palpebra. 

Operculum  Papilla'rum.  A  shield  for  the 
nipple. 

OPERIMENTUM,  Operculum— o.  Intestino- 
nim,  Epiploon — o.  Pnctensum  abdominis,  Peri- 
ton  no  um. 

OPERTORITJM,  Operculum. 

OPHELIA  CHIRATA,  Gentiana  chlrayta. 

OPHIASIS,  Calvities,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  O.ora'tum 
seu  echinoghts'snm,  Lingua  serpenta'ria,  Adder*$ 
Tongue,  (F.)  Langue  de  Serpent.  Family,  Fili- 
eoidcro.  Sex.  Syst.  Cryptogamia.  This  plant  was 
formerly  considered  to  be  vulnerary. 

OPHIOPH'AGUS,  from  o<pts,  'a  serpent,'  and 
fayv,  '  I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals  which  feed 
on  serpents.  Pliny  has  called  certain  African 
tribes  by  this  name. 

OPHIORRHFZA,  0.  mungos,  from  ofis,  'a 
serpent,'  and  pi£a,  'root.'  Family,  Gentianesa. 
*SVx.  Syst.  Pen  tan  drift  Digynia,  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  hns  been  called  Radix  Ser- 
pen'tum,  Mnngos  Radix.  The  bitter  root  is  much 
esteemed  in  Java,  Sumatra,  Ac,  for  preventing 
the  effects  that  usually  follow  the  bite  of  the 
naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which  view  it  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a  reputed  an- 
thelmintic. 

OPHIOXYLON,  Ophioxylum. 

OPHIOX'YLUM,  from  o^i*,  'a  serpent,'  and 
(v\ov,  'wood/  Ophioxylum  sen  Ophioxylon  ser- 
penti'num  seu  trifolia'tum,  Acawe'ria,  Lignum 
serpentum,  has  been  recommended  in  the  bites  of 
Berpcnts,  and  in  intermittents.  It  is  said  to  be 
very  bitter. 

OPHIS,  Serpent 

OPH FT E S,  from  o<f. «,  '  a  serpen t/  Serpent?  - 
nus,  Serpentine  or  Black  Por'phyry.  This  rock 
was  formerly  worn  as  an  Amulet,  to  cure  diseases 
of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLON,  Bryonia  alba. 

OPHRYS,  Supercilium. 

OPHTHALMALGIA,  from  o^aX/to*  'the 
eye,'  and  alyos,  '  pain/  Pain  in  the  eye.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMEMPASMA  Collyrium  siccum. 

OPHTHAL'MI A,  Ophthalmitis,  from  ofMpos, 
'  the  eye/  Oculo'mm  inflamma'tio,  Cauma  oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmopo'nia,  In/famma'tion  of  the 
Eye,  Ophthalmy,  (F.)  Ophthalmic,  Ophthalmia, 
Inflammation  de  Peril,  Catarrhe  o^ulaire.  Three 
great  varieties  of  ophthalmia,  independently  of 
the  acute  and  chronic  (which  conditions  occur  in 


OPHTHALMIA 


618 


OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA 


all  Inflammations,)  may  be  reckoned :— the  Oph- 
thalmia membranarum,  0,  purulenta,  and  0.  tarn. 
The  first  is  characterixed  by  the  general  symp- 
toms of  ophthalmia;  —  pain  and  redness  of  the 
eye  or  its  appendages ;  with  intolerance  of  light, 
and  unusual  flow  of  tears;  the  inflammation  being 
seated  chiefly  in  the  coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is 
the  Hymeuophthal'mia,  Ophthalmia  tarax'ie,  Con- 
jmnctivi'tie,  Inflamma'tio  conjunctiva,  Svmphy- 
meni'tie,  Syndetmi'tie,  Catarr'hal  ophthalmia, 
Ophthalmo-conjunctivi'tie,  0.  hu'mida,  0,  vera, 
jspiph'ora  (Galen),  Conjunctival  Ophthal'mia, 
Tarax'U  (Paulus  of  ^Egina),  Ohemo'ri*  (Ae'tius,) 
O.  Chemoai*,  Lach'rymoec  Ophthalmia,  (F.)  Con- 
jonctivite,  Inflammation  de  la  conjonctive.  In  the 
§eoond,  —  Ophthalmia  purultn'ta,  0.  puriform'i*, 
Blcnnophthalmia,  Bleph'aroblennorrha'a,  Oph- 
thalmoblennorrhata,  Blennorrhea  oc'uli — the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  palpebro  associates  in  the 
inflammation  of  the  eye-ball ;  and  there  is  a  co- 
pious secretion  of  a  purulent  fluid.  An  epidemic 
and  contagious(?)  variety  of  this  is  the  ^Egyptian 
Ophthalmia,  Ophthalmia  epidem1 tea,  O.purulen'ta 
tpidem'ica,  0.  contagiosa,  0.  Catarrha'lia  bel'- 
Uca,  Losmophthal'mia,  0.  bel'lica,  0.  Aeiat'ica, 
Blennorrhea 'a  Oculi  JEgyptiaca,  Conjunctivi'ti* 
puro-mucoSa  contagiosa  vel  JEgyptiaca,  Blepha- 
ro'ti$  glandula'rie  contagiosa,  Adeni'tit  palpe- 
brarum contagiosa,  0.  puruUnta  contagiosa, 
Conjunct!  vi'ti*  puro-mucoSa  contagiosa,  Suppu- 
rative ophthalmia,  Epidemic  contagion*  ophthal- 
mia—  called  Egyptian,  from  its  prevalence  in 
Egypt  during  the  British  Expedition  under  Sir 
Ralph  Abercrombie.  The  inflammation  is  rapid 
and  destructive ;  granulations  shoot  from  the  tu- 
nics conjunctiva,  and  occasionally  there  is  intole- 


rable pain,  often  succeeded  by  delirium.  In  new- 
born children,  a  species  of  purulent  ophthalmia, 
0.  purulen'ta  in/an' turn,  0.  Neonato'rum^  Blepha- 
rophthalmia  neonato'rum,  Lippitu'do  neonato'rmw, 
Blennorrhea 'a  Oc'uli  neonato'rum,  Ophthalmo- 
blennorrhea neonato'rum,  Blepharo-blennorrkxi'a 
neonato'rum,  Blepharo -pyorrhoea  neonato'rum, 
Pyophthalmia  neonato'rum,  Ptorophthalmia  neo- 
nato'rum, (F.)  Ophthalmic  puri/orme  dee  nouvtau- 
ne*»,  in  which  the  palpebrss  are  florid  and  pecu- 
liarly tumid,  is  by  no  means  uncommon.  It 
seems  to  be  caused  by  acrid  discharges  from  the 
mother,  applied  to  the  eye  of  the  infant  during 
its  exit;  or  to  the  stimulus  of  the  light,  when  the 
child  first  opens  its  eyes.  A  severe  form  of  pu- 
rulent ophthalmia — Hyperconjonctivite  (Piorry) 
—  is  produced  by  the  application  of  gonorrhoea! 
matter  to  the  eye.  It  is  the  Ophthalmia  gommr- 
rho'ica,  Blennorrhea  a  oculi  gonorrho'ica,  Com-  ■ 
junetivi'ti*  blennorrhag"ica,  C.  gonorrho'icaj  Go- 
norrhoe'al  Ophthal'mia,  (F.)  Ophthalmic  bieunor- 
rhagique,  Conjonctivite  blennorrhagique. 

Ophthalmia  is  likewise  modified  by  the  condi- 
tion of  the  constitution,  and  hence  we  have  mtm- 
mout,  variolous,  and  other  inflammations  of  th« 
conjunctiva. 

The  third  variety  — the  Ophthalmia  Tarvf,  0. 
glutinoSa,  Blepharophthal'mia,  Blcpharoti;  Bit- 
pharoti'tie,  Blephari'tia,  Blepharadeni'tie,  Pee- 
rophthal'mia,  Oc'uli  paipebra' rum  eca'bie*  prmri- 
gino'ta,  Adcnophthalmia — is  seated  chiefly  in  tht 
tarsus;  the  sebaceous  crypts  secreting  a  viscid 
and  acrid  fluid,  that  glues  and  ulcerates  its  edges, 
and  irritates  the  eye. 

The  different  forms  of  inflammation  of  the  coa- 
junotiva  are  thus  classed  by  M.  Desmarrea : 


Conjunctivitis.... 


1.  Pure  or  phlegmonous. 

2.  Pustular. 


3.  Granular  or  catarrhal. 


Contagions. 

Non-contagious. 

Miasmatic. 

.  Exanthematic... 


{Of  new-born  infants. 
Gonorrhoea! 
Egyptian. 


Erysipelatous. 
Variolous. 
Morbillous. 
Scarlatinous. 


Conjunctivitis,  when  slight,  requires  little  treat- 
ment: the  antiphlogistic  regimen — and,  particu- 
larly, avoiding  exposure  to  light, — being  all  that 
is  necessary.  When  more  severe,  along  with 
this,  general  and  local  blood-letting,  especially 
by  leeches  to  the  side  of  the  septum  narium, 
must  be  employed  so  as  to  make  a  decided  im- 
pression on  the  system;  with  nauseating  doses 
of  antimony,  purgatives,  blisters  (at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  organ),  refrigerants ;  and  astrin- 
gents, cold  or  warm,  according  to  circumstances, 
to  the  eye.  In  Purulent  Ophthalmy,  these  mea- 
sures must  be  still  more  actively  employed,  other- 
wise disorganization  will  speedily  follow:  —  the 
granulations,  which  form  on  the  adnata  of  the 
eyelids  may  be  removed  with  the  scissors,  and 
the  see  be  touched  with  a  solution  of  alum. 
Ophthalmia  Tarei  must  be  treated  on  general 
principles,  when  severe.  It  usually,  however, 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
the  occasional  use,  especially  at  night,  of  a 
slightly  stimulating  ointment,  such  as  the  ungu- 
entum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  re- 
duced with  lard.  The  ointment  prevents  the 
eyelid*  f-om  being  glued  together  during  the 
night,  and  thus  obviate*  the  irritation  caused  by 
attempts  at  separating  them. 

Ophthalmia,  JSarpriAir,  see  Ophthalmia — o. 


Asiatica.  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Bellica,  see  Opn- 
thalmia  —  o.  Biliosa,  Ophtbalmocholosris — o.  Ca- 
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Catarrhalis  bellies, 
sec  Ophthalmia — o.  Chronica,  Lippitudo— o.  Cod* 
junctival,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Contagiosa,  set 
Ophthalmia — o.  Epidemics,  see  Ophthalmia — o» 
Glutinosa,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Gonorrhoica,  see 
Ophthalmia — o.  Gonorrhoea!,  see  Ophthalmia— 
o.  Humida,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Lachrymose,  set 
Ophthalmia — o.  Membranarum,  see  Ophthalmia 

—  o.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — ©.  Phlycte- 
nular, Bee  Ophthalmia — o.  Puriformis,  see  Oph- 
thalmia—o.  Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia— o,  Pare- 
lenta  contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Purulenta 
epidemica,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Purulenta  infan- 
tum, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Rheumatic,  Sclerotitis 

—  o.  Sicoa,  Xerophthalmia — o.  Suppurative,  sea 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Taraxis,  see  Ophthalmia  —  a, 
Tarsi,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Ulcerosa,  HeJecpfc- 
thalmia — o.  Varicose,  Ciraophthalmia — o.  Vera, 
see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMIATER,  Oculist 

OPHTHALMIATRI'A,  Ophthalmiatrofch'- 
niea,  Ophthaimotherapi'a ;  from  e+BmXftt,  *tne 
eye,'  and  <arpof,  '  a  physician.'  The  art  of  the 
oculist    Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA,  OpfctaaU 
miatria.  • 


OPHTHALMIC 


619 


OPHTHALMOTOMY 


OPHTHAL'MIC,  Ophthalmicus,  from  *4iX- 
I»k,  '  the  eye.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Artery,  A,  orbitaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  opticnm.  At  first,  it  is 
situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  optio 
nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and  passes 
towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It  fur- 
nishes, in  its  course,  the  lachrymal,  centralis  re- 
tines,  infra-orbitars,  cilia  ries,  anterior  ciliaries, 
inferior  and  superior  musculars,  anterior  and 
posterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
palpebral:  After  having  given  off  these,  it  di- 
vides into  two  branches  —  the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications,  —  soine 
superficial,  others  deep-seated. 

Ophthal'mic  Gang'lion,  Lentic'ular  O.,  CiV- 
iary  ganglion,  0.  orbitaire  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the 
smallest  ganglions  of  the  body,  and  formed  by  the 
5th  and  3d  pairs  of  encephalic  nerves.  It  is  situate 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  optic  nerve  near  the  bot- 
,  torn  of  the  orbit;  is  irregularly  quadrilateral  and 
flat:  its  colour  of  a  reddish  gray.  Behind,  it 
communicates  by  its  posterior  angles — by  means 
of  nervous  filaments — with  the  nasal  nerve  of  the 
ophthalmic  and  the  motor  oculi.  Each  of  its  an- 
terior angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small  nerves. 
These  are  the  ciliary  nerves. 

Ophthalmic  Nerve,  Ophthalmic  Nerve  of 
Willis,  Or'bito-frontal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  5th 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  external  paries  of 
the  oavernous  sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  by  the 
sphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three  branches : 
one,  external — the  lachrymal  nerve ;  another,  su- 
perior—  frontal  nerve  j  and  the  last,  internal — 
the  nasal  nerve.    See  Lachrymal,  Frontal,  Nasal. 

Ophthalmic  or  Optio  Remedy,  Ophthal'micum 
seu  Op'ttcum,  (F.)  Topique  ophthalmiqve,  is  a 
medicine  employed  in  ophthalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Sinus,  see  Cavernous  Sinus. 

Ophthalmic  Veih  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all  its 
divisions.  It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  discharges  its 
blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Facial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  which  the  facial  vein  communi- 
cates with  the  ophthalmic. 

OPHTHALMICA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OPHTHALMICI  EXTERNI,  Motores  oculo- 
rum. 

OPHTHALMICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 

OPHTHALMIDIUM,  Microphthalmus. 

OPHTHALMIE  PURIFORME  DBS  NOU- 
VBAU-N&S,  see  Ophthalmia— o.  Blennorrha- 
gique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMITE,  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMITIS,  Ophthalmia.  This  term  is 
occasionally  restricted  to  inflammation  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which,  both  the  external  and 
internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPHTHALMIUM,  Microphthalmus. 

OPHTHALMOBLENNORRHEA,  Ophthal- 
mia (purulent) — o.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia 
(purulenta  infantum.) 

OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA,  from  o*5aXM<«, 
4  the  eye,'  and  napictvwpa,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
eye. 

OPHTHALMOCELE,  Exophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS,  from  s+SaXust, 
4  the  eye/  and  goA?,  '  bile ;'  OphthaVmia  bilio'sa. 
Ophthalmia  from  biliary  excitement. 

0PHTHALM0CHR01TES,  see  Choroidea  tu- 
nica. 


OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPHTHALMODULI'A,  from  ofSatyos,  'the 
eye/  and  iovXua,  '  servitude.'  Eye-service.  The 
title  of  a  book  by  Bartisch  on  diseases  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMODYNIA,  from  o^Vof,  'the 
eye/  and  oivvn,  'pain/  especially  rheumatic  pain 
of  the  eye.  Plenck  has  given  this  name  to  neu- 
ralgia of  the  frontal  nerve,  in  which  the  pain 
radiates  particularly  towards  the  bottom  of  the 
orbit.     See  Neuralgia,  Frontal. 

Ophthalmodynia  Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALMCEDE'MAj  from  o**a>p«,  'the 
eye/  and  oiirf/ia,  '  oedema.'  (Edema  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

OPHTHALMOGRAPHY,  from  o+$a\uot,  'the 
eye/  and  ypafn, '  a  description.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  gives  a  description  of  the  eye.  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOLOGY,  Ophthalmolog''ia,  Oph- 
thalmotol'ogy,  (F.)  Oculistique,  from  s^aXnos, 
'  the  eye/  and  ioyos,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  eye.  An  anatomical 
treatise  on  the  eye.  A  description  of  the  eye  in 
health  and  disease. 

OPHTHALMOMETER,  from  o<t>$a\»o<,  'the 
eye/  and  ptraov,  'measure/  An  instrument  of 
the  nature  of  compasses,  invented  by  F.  Petit* 
for  measuring  the  capacity  of  the  anterior  and 
posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  in  anatomical  ex- 
periments. 

OPHTHALMOMYITIS,  Ophthalmomyitis, 
from  o<p$a\fios,  'the  eye/  jiirj,  'a  muscle/  andiifr, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
muscles  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophtbalmople- 
gia. 

OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  o^oX- 
ftof,  'the  eye/  ^XnJ,  'a  vein/  and  Topn,  'inci- 
sion.' Bleeding  from  the  vessels  of  the  con. 
junctiva. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS,  Ophthalmopa- 
thies, from  o<fta\ftos,  'the  eye/  and  Qdapois,  'cor- 
ruption.'    Destruction  of  the  eyeball. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,Ophthalmophthar- 
sis. 

OPHTHALMOPLEGIA,  Ophthalmoparal'y- 
sis,  from  o<pda)ifios,  'the  eye/  and  *Xic«»,  'I 
strike.'  Paralysis  of  one  or  more  of  the  muscles 
of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOPONIA,  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS,  from  o^iX/io*  'an 
eye/  and  wrmets,  '  a  prolapse.'  A  word  employed 
by  some  authors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia, 
by  others,  in  that  of  hydro phthalmia. 

OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA,  from  otfaXuss, 
'the  eye/  and  piryrvpt,  'I  break  forth.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  tunica  conjunctiva.     It  is  rare. 

OPHTHALMOS,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMOSCOPY,  Ophthalmoscopy, 
from  o<p$a\pos,  '  the  eye/  and  ckovcu,  '  I  regard 
attentively.'  The  art  of  judging  of  the  temper, 
Ac.  of  a  person  by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art 
of  judging  of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of 
the  eyes.  Exploration  of  the  eyes  in  order  to  a 
diagnosis. 

OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,(F.)0;)*rtaJ'»o»fcff 
from  o0>3aX/j0{,  'the  eye/  and  otook;,  'station/ 
Spec'ulum  Oc'uli,  An  instrument  for  fixing  tho 
eye. 

OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA,  Ophthalmiatria, 

OPHTHALMOTOLOGY,  Ophthalmology. 

OPHTHALMOT'OMY,  Ophthalmotomy  from 
ofSaXpos, '  the  eye/  and  ripvw, '  I  cut'   The  part 


OPTHALMGffEBOSIS 


620 


OPSIOXTJSI 


of  anatomy  which  treat*  of  the  dissection  of  the 
eye.  It  has,  also,  been  applied  to  extirpation  of 
the  eye. 

OPTHALMOXEROSLS,  Xerophthalmia. 
OPHTIIALMOX'YSIS,  from   sf^aAjiof,   'the 
eye/  and  £<>*,  '  I  scrape.'     A  name  given  to  the 
scarification  sometimes  practised  on  the  conjunc- 
tiva, in  cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPlITHALMOXYSTRUM,0/>AfWm<*ryt'ter, 
Ophthalmojrynte'  rium,Xystrum  ophthal'micum.  An 
instrument  for  scraping  the  eye.  Name  given  to 
a  small  brush,  with  barbs  like  an  ear  of  barley  or 
rye,  intended  to  scarify  the  eyelids  in  certain 
cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMUS,  Eye. 

OPUTHALMYMENIfTrS,Oparaa?»io%mcni'- 
tie,  from  ofSatfios,  *  eye,'  V'»  '  membrane,'  and 
itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  one 
or  more  of  the  membranes  of  the  eye. 

OP  I  ACE,  Opiate. 

OPIACUM,  Opiatum. 

OP  I  AXE,  Narcotine. 

OPIANUM,  Narcotine. 

OP  I A  T,  Opiate  —  o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 

0 '  P I A  T  E,  Opia'tum,  Opia'cum,  Papavera'- 
ceum,  Mcco'nicum,  (F.)  Opiat,  Opiacie,  from  ovtov, 
(*"?>  'juice,')  '  opium.'  A  medicine  containing 
opium.  A  medicine  that  procures  sleep.  An 
electuary;  —  formerly,  an  electuary,  which  con- 
tained opium. 

O'PIATED,  Opia'ttu.  Impregnated  with  opi- 
um.   Affected  by  opium. 

OPIATUM  FEBRIF'TJGTJM,  Electua'rium 
de  Kind  Kind;  Elec'tuary  of  Cincho'na.  (Pule, 
cinch.  <£xviij,  ammon,  muriat.  33 »  melli*,  syrup. 
ab$inth.  aa  £ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph.  P.) 
Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  Mesexteh'icuit,  Electua'rium  de 
A'loi,  Muria'te  Hydrar'gyri,  e%  Ferro.  (Gum. 
ammon.  ^ss,  senna  £v},  hydrargyri  eubmuriat., 
rod.  ari.,  aloe*  socotrin.  aa  £ij,  pulv.  ecammon. 
comp.  (vulg.  de  tribus,^  rhej.  rad.  aa  Ziij,  ferri 
limatur.  porphyrisat.  35s.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apple*  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gss  to  gij,  in  ob- 
structions of  the  liver,  mesentery,  Ac. 

OPIATUS,  Opiated. 

OPION,  Opium. 

OPISMA,  Succus. 

OPIS'THENAR,  Dorsum  mantis,  from  oxtaBt, 
'backwards,'  and  Oevap,  'the  flat  of  the  hand/ 
The  back  of  the  hand. 

OPISTIIOCEPHALON,  Occiput. 

OPISTIIOCRANIUM,  Occiput 

OPISTHOCYPHOSIS,  Cyphoma. 

OPISTHOLOB'IUM.OpfaAot'turo,  from  orticQt, 
'behind,'  and  Xofaov,  '  the  lobe  of  the  ear.'  Any 
agent  applied  behind  the  ear. 

OP1STHOTIUM,  Opistholobium. 

OPISTHOTONOS,  Raptus  posterga'nene,  Tet'- 
anus  dvrsa'lis,  T.  posti'cue,  T.  posterga'neus,  from 
•Ttc^t,  'backwards,'  and  r«y«,  'I  stretch.'  A 
species  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body  is  bent 
baokwuds. 

OPIDM,  see  Papaver — 0.  Colatnm,  Extractum 
opil — o.  Dcpuratum,  Extractum  opii — 0.  Eaters, 
Theriaki. 

OPOBALSAMTJM,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

OPOCARPASON,  Carpasium  (juice.) 

OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoch. 

OPODEL'DOCH,  Opodel'toch,  Opodeldoc.  An 
unmeaning  term,  frequently  used  by  Paracelsus. 
Formerly,  it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external 
injuries,*  now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
ttaponi*  Compositum. 


Opodeldoch,  Steer's.  A  liniment,  called  after 
the  inventor.  There  are  many  formulae  for  its 
preparation.  The  following  is  one.  >'<//*.  nib.  ftSj, 
camphor  ^ij,  ol.  rorismariui  f£iv,  spirits  wiui 
rectificati  Oij.  See  Linimentum  Saponin  Compo- 
situm. 

OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus, 

OPOPIOS,  Optic. 

OPOPOXACCM,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX  WORT,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPO'RICE,  from  orc*pa,  'autumnal  fruits.'  A 
medicine,  composed  of  several  autumnal  fruits, 
particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates,  Ac  and 
wine.  It  was  formerly  administered  in  dysen- 
tery, diseases  of  the  stomach,  Ac 

OPOS,  Succus  expressus  —  0.  Silphion,  Laser- 
pitinm. 

OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis— o.  Telse  Cellulose, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

OPPILATIVUS,  Obstruens. 

OPPO'NENS,(F. )  0/>po«in/,from  oo,&nd  potters, 
'to  place.'  That  which  faces  or  is  put  in  opposi- 
tion to  something.  The  name  has  been  given  to 
two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Oppoxexs  Mix'imi  Dia"m,  Carpo-mftamrpien 
dn  petit  doigt  (Ch.),  Jfetacarpien  du  p*tit  doigt, 
(F.)  Opposant  dn  petit  doigt.  This  muscle  Las 
the  same  shape  and  arrangement  as  the  preceding, 
but  is  of  less  size.  It  is  situate  in  the  hypothc- 
nar  eminence.  Its  fibres  are  inserted  into  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  ter- 
minate on  the  whole  length  of  the  inner  edge  of 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  carries 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  thus  augments  the  concavity  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 

Opponens  Pol'licis,  Flexor  ossis  metacor'pi 
pollicis,  Opponent  pollicie  man&s,  Flcxx»r  primi 
interno'dii  (Douglass.)  Antith'enar  sire  trmi-i*- 
terosseus  pollicis,  (F.)  Carpo-mc°tacarpicm  d% 
pouce  (Ch.)  Mitacarpien  du  ponce,  Oppwnl  dn 
Pouce.  A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate 
in  the  substance  of  the  thenar  eminence.  It  is 
attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior  anno* 
lar  ligament  of  the  carpus  and  to  the  trapezium ; 
and,  on  the  other,  to  the  whole  of  the  outer  mar- 
gin of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle 
impresses  on  the  first  bone  of  the  metacarpus  s 
movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes  the  thumb 
to  the  other  fingers. 

OP  P  OS  ANT,  Opponens  —  o.  du  Petit  doif, 
Opponens  minimi  digiti — o.  dn  Pouce,  Opponens 
pollicis. 

OPPRESSIO,  Catalepsy,  Oppression  —  o.  Nee- 
turna,  Incubus. 

OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipeie,  Cma- 
thlips'is,  from  opprimere  (ob,  and  premere.  pe*+> 
sum,)  '  to  press  against'  A  state,  in  which  the 
patient  experiences  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  When  employed  abstractedly,  it 
means,  particularly,  Oppression  of  the  chert  — 
Oppressio  Pec'toris,  (F.)  0.  de  Poitriue. 

Oppression,  Oppres'sio  rsVitwi,  (F.)  Oppres- 
sion dee  forces,  is,  also,  used  for  that  condition,  at 
the  commencement  of  fevers,  Ac,  in  which  tat 
system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated,  sad 
where  the  vascular  action  rises,  as  the  obstruc- 
tion to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleedxafr 
purging,  Ac 

OPS,  Eye. 

OPSEONUSI,  Opsionusi. 

OPSIALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'SI,  Opseonu'si,  from  *>l«f,  « viae*.' 
and  vovnt,  'a  disease;'  Morbi  rtriU.     Di« 
of  vision. 


OPSIOTOCIA 


021 


ORBIT 


OPSIOTOCIA,  from  o\\rt,  'too  late/  and  tokos, 
'  birth ;'  Partus  sero'tinus.  Parturition  after  the 
usual  period.     See  Pregnancy. 

OPS  IS,  Pupil,  Vision. 

OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opsom'anes,  (F.)  Opsomant, 
from  o  i  or,  '  aliment/  and  pavta.  One  who  loves 
some  particular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTESIS,  Assatio. 

OPTIC,  Op'ticus,  Opo'pios,  from  otto/mm,  'I 
see.'    That  which  relates  to  vision. 

OPTIC  CENTRE,  Centrum  op'ticum.  The 
optic  centre  of  the  crystalline  is  the  point  at 
which  the  various  rays  proceeding  from  an  object 
oross  in  their  way  to  the  retina. 

Optic  Commissure,  see  Chiasmus. 

Optic  Foramen,  Fora'men  op'ticum,  (F.)  Trou 
optique.  A  round  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which  the 
optic  nerve  passes. 

Optic  Ganglia,  Quadrigomina  tubercula. 

Optic  Groove.  A  transverse  groove  on  the  su- 
perior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  on  which  the 
oommissure  of  the  optic  nerve  rests,  and  which  is 
continuous  on  each  side  with  the  optio  foramen. 

Optic  Lobes,  Qnadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Nerve,  Nervns  op'ticus,  Par  secun'dum 
sen  op'ticum  seu  viso'rium,  Nerve  of  the  2d  pair, 
Nervus  visi'vus  seu  viso'rius,  Ocular  nerve  of 
Chaussier.  The  optic  nerves  are  remarkable  for 
their  size;  for  their  running  a  longer  oourse 
within  than  without,  the  cranium ;  and  for  their 
furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to  their 
termination.  They  do  not  seem  to  arise,  as  was 
long  supposed,  from  the  optio  thalami,  but  from 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina.  Immediately  after 
their  origin  the  optic  tract*,  Tractus  op'ticus,  pro- 
ceed forwards;  are,  at  first,  broad  and  flat;  but 
afterwards  become  narrower  and  round.  In  front 
of  the  fossa  pituitaria,  they  unite  and  decussate, 
each  nerve  proceeding  through  the  optic  foramen 
with  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  nerve  passes 
to  the  back  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  becomes 
narrower,  and  enters  that  organ  to  give  rise  to  the 
nervous  expansion  called  the  retina.  Besides  its 
neurilemma,  the  optio  nerve  is  surrounded  by  a 
sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura  mater.  This  ac- 
companies it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye. 

Optic  Remedt,  see  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
Optic  Thalami,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum 
— o.  Tracts,  see  Optic  nerve. 

op  tico-  trochl£i~scl£roticien, 

Oblique,  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic  romedy. 

OPTILOS,  Eye. 

OPTOM'ETER,  from  orrouat,  'I  see/  and 
ptrpov,  'a  measure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  distance  of  distinct  vision. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia. 

OR,  Gold — o.  Cyanure,  tf\  see  Gold — o.  Divisi, 
see  Gold — o.  Hydrochlorate  <£,  see  Gold — o.  Iodure 
d*,  see  Gold  —  o.  Nitromuriate  d',  see  Gold  —  o. 
Oxide  cT,  see  Gold — o  et  de  Sodium,  chlorure  <$*, 
see  Gold — o.  et  de  Sonde,  Hydrochlorate  cf,  see 
Gold — o.  et  de  Soude,  Muriate  d,'  see  Gold. 

ORA  SERRATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 

ORACH,  STINKING,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ORAL,  (F.)  Oral,  Vocal,  from  os,  oris,  'a 
mouth.'    Relating  to  the  mouth  or  to  speech. 

ORANGE,  FLOWERS  OF  THE,  see  Citrus 
aurantium  —  o.  Root,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  o. 
Tree,  Citrus  aurantium. 

ORANGEADE.  A  drink,  made  with  orange 
juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  antiphlogistic, 
and  often  recommended  in  acute  diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Curas- 
eoa,  Aurantia  curassaventia. 


ORBES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHE.fi,  see 
Trachea. 

OBICULAIRE  DBS  LEVRES,  Orbicularis 
oris — o.  dee  Paupiires,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

ORBICULAR,  Orbicula'rie,  from  orW»,  'a 
circle.'    Spherical,  circular. 

Orbicular  Bone,  0$  orbicula'ri  seu  lenticu- 
la'rl  seu  Sylvii  seu  orbicula're  SyVrit,  Glob' ulna 
etap'edie  oeeie,  Epiph'ysis  crurie  longio'ris  in'cu- 
dis,  Oeeic'ulum  orbicula'ri  seu  squamo'sum  seu 
cochlear*  seu  quartum,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four 
bones  of  the  ear.  It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round, 
convex  on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the 
long  ramus  of  the  incus  and  the  head  of  the 
stapes. 

Orbicular  Muscles  are  muscles  with  circular 
fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening  of  the 
body.  1.  Orbicula'rie  Ori§,  Sphincter  Labi o' rum, 
Semi  vel  Demi-orbictda'ris,  Supra-eemi-orbicula'~ 
rie,  Constrir'tor  Oris,  Labia' lis,  Osculato'nus, 
Basia'tor,  (F.)  Labial,  Orbiculaire  dee  litres.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  lips,  and 
extending  from  one  commissure  to  the  other. 
It  is  formed  of  two  very  distinct  portions,  of  a 
semi-oval  shape ;  one  belonging  to  the  upper  lip, 
the  other  to  the  lower.  Their  extremities  cross 
at  the  commissures,  and  are  confounded  with  the 
other  muscles  of  the  parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy 
muscle  is  to  bring  the  lips  together,  and  to  close 
the  aperture  of  the  mouth,  by  making  it  repre- 
sent a  sort  of  bourrelet  with  radiated  wrinkles. 
It  is  an*  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the 
lips.  2.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum,  Orbicularis 
oc'uli,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum  cilia'ris,  Palpe- 
brarum duo  mus'aUi,  Maxil'lo-palpfbral,  Palpe- 
bra'lis,  Constrict' or  pal pebra' rum,  Sphincter  Pal- 
pebrarum Beu  Oculi,  (F.)  Naso-palp(bral  (Ch.), 
Palpebral,  Orbiculaire  dee  paupie'res.  A  muscle 
common  to  both  the  eyelids,  and  seated  in  their 
substance.  It  is  broad,  thin,  transversely  oval, 
and  cleft  in  its  great  diameter.  It  is  attached  to 
the  nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone; 
to  the  internal  angular  process  of  the  frontal  bone, 
and  to  the  orbitar  process  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone.  From  these  origins  the  muscle  passes 
outwards,  under  the  skin  of  the  eyelids,  surround- 
ing the  orbit  in  a  circular  manner,  extending 
somewhat  beyond  it,  and  covering  the  upper  part 
of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into  the  skin  of  the 
eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  edge  being  intimately 
connected  with  the  frontal  and  corrugator  mus- 
cles. Its  use  is  to  close  the  eye,  by  bringing  the 
eyelids  together.  The  part  of  the  orbicularis 
which  covers  the  cartilages  of  the  eyelids,  and 
which  is  remarkably  thin,  is  the  Jfusculus  Cilia- 
ris  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis  palpe- 
brarum, see  Orbicular  muscles  —  o.  Oris,  see  Or- 
bicular muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum,  see  Orbicular 
muscles — o.  Palpebrarum  ciliaris,  see  Orbicular 
muscles — o.  Recti,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBICULUS   CILIARIS,   Ciliary  ligament, 
Ciliary  cone. 
ORBIS  GENU,  Patella. 

ORBIT,  Or'bita,  0.  oc'uli,  Troch'ia,  Conchus 
seu  Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic'ula  oc'uli, 
from  orbis,  '  a  circle.'  The  circular  cavities  are 
so  called,  which  lodge  the  organs  of  sight  The 
orbits  or  orbitar  fossa  or  cavities,  conchi,  icay^st, 
are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  face,  and  are 
composed  of  seven  bones,  viz.:  —  the  frontal, 
above;  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary,  below; 
the  sphenoid  and  malar,  externally;  and  the  eth- 
moid and  lachrymal,  internally.  The  orbit  if 
filled  by  the  globe  of  the  eye,  with  its  different 
accessary  parts  —  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  the 
lachrymal  gland,  Ac.  Its  margin  is  termed  maryo 
orbita'lis* 


ORBITA 


en 


OBGAXISAT10 


ORBTTA.  OrVt  —  o.  OeaU.  OH.it. 
0RBI7AL    l-I-.-f'KE,    INFERIOR,    Sphe- 
noidal fi/iure  —  o.  r/iteure,  superior,  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OK'BITAR,  OrlMrtMM,  OrbUa'lU,  Orbital. 
Same  etjrui'/n.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
orbit 

Omitae  Apoph'tse*  or  Paoc"BSSEt  terminate 
the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch.  Tbe  ex- 
terna/is  mu'.b  more  prominent,  and  is  articulated 
with  tbe  cheek -bone ;  the  internal  is  thinner,  and 
joins  the  os  unguis. 

Okbitar  Arcs,  (¥.)  Arcade  orbitaire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  frontis,  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the  orbit 

Ok'bitar  Fisftrnrs,  (F.)  Fentet  orbitaires. 
These  are  eituate  in  the  orbit  Tbey  are  two  in 
number:  one  uuptrior,  the  Sphenoidal;  the  other 
inferior,  tbe  Kpheno-maxillary. 

Oreitar  1'okaji'ina.  Of  these  there  are  seve- 
ral: —  1.  The  Foramen  orbitarium  tupe'riut,  (F.) 
Trou  orbitaire  tupf.rieur,  which  is  situate  at  the 
junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  arch 
with  its  two  outer  thirds,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orbita'ria 
interio'ra  vcl  inter'na,  Foram'ina  Ethmotdea. 
These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  tbe  inter- 
nal paries  of  the  orbit,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  notches  of  the  os  frontis  with  two  similar 
ones  of  the  ethmoid ;  and  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  The  former  gives  passage 
to  the  ethmoidal  filament  of  the  nasal  nerve  and 
to  a  small  artery. 

OftBiTAR  Nerve,  Kcrvut  orbita'lit  sen  orbitn'- 
riuM  feu  Bubeuta'ncu*  mala,  is  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  superior  maxillary.  It  enters  the  orbit 
by  the  sphcno-maxillary  fissure,  and  divides  into 
two  filaments;  the  one  —  malar — which  passes 
over  tbe  chcok-honc,  in  distributed  to  the  orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum,  and  anastomoses  with  the  fa- 
cial norve;  tlio  other  —  temporal —which  passes 
to  the  temporal  fossm,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
inferior  maxillary  and  facial,  to  become  after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

OltBITO-  EXTUS-SCL  $R0  TICIEN,  Rectus 
extornus  oculi  —  o.  Intun-Scltroticien,  Rectus  in- 
tern us  oculi  —  o.  Maxilla-labial,  Levator  labii 
superior!*  proprius  —  o.  Palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebral supcrioris—o.  Sut-palpibral,  Levator  pal- 
pobrss  su period*. 

ORCANETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis, 

ORCHIALGIA,  Orchidalgia. 

ORCHAK,  Scrotum. 

ORCHEI'TLS,  OscAt'fts,  Otchti'ti;  Infiamma'- 
tio  scroll,  from  op^aj,  'the  scrotum/  and  tYCt, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
scrotum. 

Orchritis,  Horn  la  humoralis. 

ORCHKOCATABASIS,  Orohidooatabasis. 

ORCHKOCELE,  Orchiocele. 

ORCHKOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCIIKSTROMANIA,  Chorea. 

ORCHIDALGIA.  Orchal'gia,  Orchiodynia, 
from  of ^(c.  'a  testicle,'  and  aXyot,  'pain.'  Pain 
of  the  testicle.  Neuralgia  of  the  testiole.  Irri- 
table testicle.    A  form  of  neuralgia. 

ORCHIDATROPH'IA,  Atnmk'ia  tettic'nli, 
(W>m  ipx***  °PXl&0*'  *a  testiole,  and  atrophia, 
4  atrophy.'    Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  testicles. 

0RC11IDITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS,  Ortkeocatab'a- 
9t*  Dctctn'tH$  teeticHh'rnm,  from  o*gir,  *  the  tes- 
tis,' and  tarafaeiu  *  descent*  The  descent  of  the 
testes  into  the  scrotum. 

ORCHIPOCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCUIDODYMA,  Orchidalgia, 


ORCHTDOXCCS,  1 
ORCHIDOToMY.  Cwtrwi .«. 
ORCHILL.  Lichen  roeeella. 
ORCHIOCELE.  Onr*eo<*'£,  from  oopc  '*• 
testicle/  and  «*>e.  *  a  rot  ture.'     A  tacj  t<rr  of  tbs 
testicle.    Scrotal  hernia.    Hernia  Luaaoralia,    A 
name  given  to  several  diseases   of  the  testiest 
and  its  envelopes,  essentially  differing  front  each 
other. 

Obchtoce'lS  SctrBBO'SA,  Sctrrhocc'te.  A  amv 
lignant  tumour  of  the  testis. 

ORCHIS,  Testicle— o.  Butterfly.  Orchis  bi&5a> 

OSCHU  Mas'ct/LA,  Satyr0  ion,  Male  Orckit,  Tcs~ 
tic'ulmt  eani'mms,  Cy  motor*  chit.  D&j*  stamen,  JfeJf 
Fools'  Hone*,  Tteimroot.  This  root  has  had  a  place 
in  some  pharmacopoeias,  on  account  of  the  glu- 
tinous, elimy  juice  it  contains.  The  root  of  the 
Orchis  bifolia  or  Butterfly  orckie,  hats  likewise 
been  collected.  It  has  been  used  as  a  demulcent 
Its  fancied  aphrodisiac  virtue;  seem  to  be  owing 
to  its  resemblance  to  fX'*'  *  *  testicle,'  whec.ee 
its  name. 

Salep  is  obtained  from'  this  variety  of  the  or- 
chis,-—  and  from  the  Orckit  morio,  Ac.  Set 
Salep. 

Orchis,  Rouhd-lkatkd,  Large,  PL 
orbiculata. 

ORCHITE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

0RC1I0I,  see  Tarsus. 

ORCIIOTOMIA,   Castration.      Also, 
of  tbe  tarsi. 

ORDEOLUM,  Hordeolum. 

ORDEUM,  Hordeum. 

ORDINAIRES,  Menses. 

ORDONNANCE,  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE  D' HOMME,  Asarum— -o.  dt  Sown*, 
Hierocium  pilosella. 

OREILLETTE,  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the  heart. 

OREILLONS,  Parotis,  Cynanchc  parotid**. 

ORELIA  GRAXDIFLORA,  Allamanda. 

ORELLANA,  see  Terra  Orleann, 

OREOSELINUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinum— 
o.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  o.  Legitimes*, 
Atb  amanta  aureoselinum— o.  Nigrum,  At  ham  era 
aurcoselinum. 

OREXIS,  Appetite,  Pyrosis— o.  Cynodea,  Be* 
limia. 

ORGAN,  Or'yanum,  Or'ganon.  *A»  instru- 
ment' Part  of  an  organized  being,  destined  s» 
exercise  some  particular  function.  Thus  —  ess 
eyes  are  organs  of  sight;  the  muscles  are  or- 
gans of  motion,  Ac.  The  collection  of  < 
whioh  concur  in  any  function,  is  called 
rattit, 

ORGANA  GENERATIONI  INSERVIES- 
TIA,  Genital  organs  —  o.  Sudoripara,  see  In- 
spiration. , 

ORQANES  OENITAUX,  Genital  organs. 

ORGAN'IC,  Organ' ievt.  Relating  to  an  orgs* 
or  organs,  and  to  beings  possessed  of  orgaas. 
Hence,  Organic  Functions  are  those  possessed 
by  both  animals  and  vegetables.  It  is  also  vet 
synonymously  with  vital,  in  contradistinction  » 
phyticaL 

Organic  Chemistry,  see  Chymistrr. 

Organic  Diseases  or  Lesions  are  saeh  at 
concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradUtinctioa  is 
functional,  ratnionalt  or  dynam'ic,  which  Bterety 
concern  the  function.  Of  course,  orynnic  dav 
eases  of  a  part  are  always  more  serious  than 
functional. 

Organic  Nervous  System,  see  ' 
nerve. 

OROANICISM,  Organicitm'mt,  fn 
'an  organ.*    The  doctrine  of  the  localisataosi  of 
disease.    A  modern  term,  but  not  much  ased. 

ORGANISATIO,  Organiaatiosv 


ORGANISATUS 


623 


OROS 


ORGANISATUS,  Organised. 
OR'GANISM.  Same  etymon.  The  living  eco- 
nomy. Many  physiologists  have  aged  this  word 
synonymously  with  organization ;  hot  more  espe- 
cially to  designate  the  aggregate  of  vital  actions 
in  organized  beings,  animals  as  well  as  vegetables. 
The  collection  of  parts  composing  an  organised 
body,  and  the  laws  which  govern  it 

ORGANIZABIL'ITY,  from  organieatio,  and 
habilit,  '  suitable.'  Capability  of  organization  or 
of  being  formed  into  living  tissue.  Substances 
possessed  of  such  capability — as  fibrin — are  said 
to  be  organ  isable. 

ORGANIZABLE,  see  Organisability. 

ORGANIZATION,  Organiea'tio,  from  eayavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  manner  of  structure  proper  to 
different  beings.  It  is  also  employed  in  the  sense 
of  the  structure  of  a  part ;  as,  the  organisation 
of  the  heart,  Ac. 

Organization,  Com  pounds  of,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

OR'GANIZED,  Or'ganit  inetruc'tus,  Organi- 
ta'tut.    That  which  is  composed  of  organs. 

Organized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corp*  organieS*,  are 
those  endowed  with  life ;  i.  e.  animals  and  vege- 
tables :  in  contradistinction  to  inorganic  bodies, 
which  comprise  the  mineral  kingdom.  See  Corpus. 

ORGAN OCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  organic. 

ORGANOGENY,  Organogen'ia,  from  opyavw, 
'  an  organ,'  and  ytvteis.  *  generation.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  formation  of  different  organs. 

ORGANOGNO'SIA.  from  opyuvo*,  *  organ/  and 
yvuois,  *  knowledge/  The  knowledge  and  discri- 
mination of  organized  bodies. 

ORGANOGRAPHY,    Organography,    from 

r/avov,  *  an  organ/  and  ypafn,  *  a  description.' 
description  of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 

ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 

ORGANON  OLFACTCS,  Nasus. 

ORGANONOM'IA,  from  ooyavov,  'an  organ/ 
and  vow,  '  a  law.'  The  doctrine  of  the  laws  of 
organic  life. 

ORGANOZOONOMIA,  Zoonomia. 

ORGAN  UM,  Instrument 

ORGASM,  Orgae'mue,  Orgo'ei;  from  ooyaw, 
*1  desire  ardently/  'I  am  excited.'  CSetrua'tion. 
A  strong  impulse  or  desire  for  something.  State 
of  excitement  and  turgescence  of  any  organ  what- 
ever. Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the 
height  of  venereal  excitement  in  sexual  inter- 
course. 

ORGASM  US,  Turgescence. 

ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  class  Qenetioa  of  Good.  Defined: 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm ;  organio  or  consti- 
tutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or  the 
desire  of  procreating. 

ORGE,  Rage. 

OJiOE,  Hordeum  —  o.  Peril,  see  Hordeuxn. 

ORGEAT,  Syrupus  amygdala. 

ORGE  LET,  Hordeolum. 

OROEOLET,  Hordeolum. 

ORGOSIS,  Orgasm. 

ORICHALCUM,  Brass. 

ORICULAR,  Auricular. 

ORICULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

ORLPICIUM,  Mouth— o.  Dextrum  Veotriculi, 
Pylorus — o.  Uteri,  Os  uteri — o.  Ventriculi  Sinis- 
trum,  Cardia. 

ORIG'ANUM,  Origanum  vulga'ri,  Cuni'la  bu'- 
bula,  Marjora'na  mancura'na,  0.  heraeUot'icum, 
Zazarhen'di  herba,  Wild  mar'joram,  Common 
marjoram,  Mancura'na,  (F.)  Pita  de  lit.  Family. 
Labiatae.  Sex.  Sytt.  Didynamia  Gymnoapermia. 
This  plant  resembles  marjoram  in  smell;  and  has 
»  pungent  taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  ii  aromatio 


and  stimulant ;  and  its  oil  possesses  the  proper- 
ties of  the  essentia]  oils  in  general.  The  oil, 
oleum  origani  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  very  pungent,  and 
is  rarely  given  internally.  It  is  used  in  toothach. 

Origanum  Aquaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
nnm— o.  Cretioum,  0.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Dictam'nus,  Dictamnus  Oretficus, 
0.  Creticum,  Amar'acu*  tomento'tus,  Oni'tie,  Ditt- 
any of  Crete,  (F.)  Dictamne  de  Crlte.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  were  once  recommended  as  emme- 
nagogue  and  alexipharmic 

Origanum  Heracleoticum,  Origanum. 

Origanum  Major a'na,  Marjora'na,  0.  majora- 
noVdet,  Majorana,  M.  horten'eie,  Sweet  marjoram, 
Samp'eucu*,  Agriorig'anum,  Amar'acue,  (F.)Ifar- 
jolaine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  taste 
aromatio  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  Btomachio  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snuff  in 
headach. 

Origanum  Striacum,  Teucrium  marum. 

ORIGIN  AIRE  (F.),  from  origo,  'origin.'  This 
term  has  been  used,  by  French  writers,  in  the 
same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  affections  depending  upon  faulty  confor- 
mation, or  to  faulty  conformation  itself. 

ORIGO,  Arche, 

ORISMOLOGY,  Terminology. 

ORLEANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

ORME,  Appetite. 

ORME,  Ulmus. 

ORMSKIRK  MEDICINE.  A  celebrated  an- 
tilyssio  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pulv.  Cre- 
tan, J  ss ;  Bol.  Armen.  Jiij ;  Alumin.  gr.  x;  Pulp, 
Inula,  £Jj ;  01.  Aniei,  gtt  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for  six 
times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  fresh  milk. 

ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

ORNITHOG'ALUM  ALTIS'SIMUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeless,  the  fleshy 
bulb  of  whioh  is  diuretic.  An  oxymel  is  prepared 
of  it,  which  is  given  in  catarrh,  asthma,  phthisis, 
and  hydrothorax.  It  resembles  aquill  in  its  me- 
dical properties. 

Ornithogalum  Maritimum,  Scilla — o.  Squill*, 
Scilla. 

ORNITHOGL088JS,  see  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

ORNUS  EUROPJEA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus— o. 
Mann  if  era,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Rotundifolia, 
Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excel- 
sior. 

OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  Epifa'gus 
America' nut t  E.  Virginia'nue,  Virgin'ia  broom- 
rape,  Beech-drope,  Cancer-root.  Family,  Oro- 
banohoideso.  This  parasitio  plant  is  astringent, 
and  a  peculiar  and  extremely  nauseous  bitter. 
It  is  most  powerful  when  fresh.  It  has  been 
used  in  dysentery ;  and,  externally,  to  obstinate 
ulcers. 

Oroban'chI  America'na,  and  0.  Uniflo'ra, 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likewise,  called 
Cancer-root,  Earth-club,  and  Clapwort. 

OR  ORE,  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROBOf'DES,  from  fo0ot,  'the  orobus/  and 
uio*,  '  form.'  Orobo'dee.  Having  the  shape  of  the 
orobus.  A  name  given  to  urine,  Urina  orobo'de* 
sen  oroboVdee,  when  depositing  a  substance  of  a 
fawn  oolour,  like  the  meal  of  the  orobus. 

OROBUS,  Ervum  ervilia— c.  Faba,  Vicia  faba. 

ORONGE,  see  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US,  from  opes,  or  oppo?,  'the 
rump/  and  $aX\oet  *  the  male  organ.'  A  monster 
having  a  second  male  organ  originating  from  the 
rump. — Gurlt 

OROS,  Croupum,  Serum. 


ORPIMENT 


624 


OS 


OR'PIMEXT,  Auripigmen'him,  Orpin,  Risi- 
fal'lum,  Rieaiaullum,  Cloanx,  Elomi,  Sira,  Lemp- 
nias,  Spec'ulum  cil'rinum,  Yrides,  Yride.  The 
native  yellow  sulpburet  of  arsenic.  It  is  poison- 
ous, but  less  so  than  the  oxide.  It  is,  also,  called 
Ada  rig  o,  Adarnech,  Ahusah  Althanacha,  Azarnet. 
The  Turks  prepare  a  depilatory  with  it,  which 
they  call  Rnsma. 

ORPIN,  Orpiment  —  o.  Brulant,  Sedum  —  ©. 
Grand,  Sedum  telephium  —  o.  Beprise,  Sedum 
telephium. 

ORPINE,  Sedum  telephium. 
ORRHOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 
ORRHOCYST'IS,  from    oppoc,   'serum,'  and 
jcvffrif,  'a  bladder/    An  encysted  tumour  con- 
taining a  serous  fluid. 
ORRHOHYMENITIS,  Hydrohymenitis. 
ORRHOPYG'ION.     The  inferior  extremity  of 
the  vertebral  column ;  from  opos, '  extremity/  and 
mytit  'the  nates.'     The  os  coccygis.     Also,  the 
raphe,  extending  from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and 
separating  the  scrotum  into  two  parts. 

ORRHORRHCE'A,  from  oppot,  'serum/  and 
(mw,  '  I  flow/  A  morbidly  increased  secretion  of 
a  serous  fluid. 

ORRHOS,  Croupion,  Serum. 
ORRIS,   Iris    Florentina —  o.   Common,  Iris 
Germanica. 

ORSEILLE,  Lichen  roccella. 
ORTEIL,  Digitus  pedis. 
ORTHOCO'LUM,  from  opSot,  'straight/  and 
«wW,  '  limb/    Stiffness  of  the  limb,  so  that  it  is 
kept  quite  straight 

ORTHODO'RON.  A  measure  with  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  eleven  finger-breadths. 

ORTHOG'NATHOUS,  from  opBos,  'right, 
straight,'  and  yvafof,  'jaw/  Having  a  vertical 
jaw.  A  term  applied  to  the  form  of  head  in 
which  the  facial  angle  approaches  the  right 
angle. 

ORTHOMORPHIA,  Orthopadia. 
ORTHOMORPHOSIS,  Orthopsadia. 
ORTHONTROPIA,  Orthoprcdia. 
ORTHOP-EDI'A,  Orthopia' dice,  Orthomor'phia, 
Orthomorpho'sis,  Orthontrop'ia,  Orthoped'ics,  from 
•p9sc, '  right,'  and  *ats,  '  a  child.'    The  part  of 
medicine  whose  object  is  to  prevent  and  correct 
deformity  in  the  bodies  of  children.     Often  used, 
however,  with  a  more  extensive  signification,  to 
embrace  the  correction  or  prevention  of  deformi- 
ties at  all  ages.     Orthosomat'ics,  Orthosomafici, 
from  opfloj,  'right,'  and  oupa,  'body/  has  teen 
proposed  as  a  preferable  term. 

ORTHOPE'DIC,0rtftop<8'rftcu#;  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  orthopsedia, — as  Orthopedic  Institu- 
tion, Institu'tum  orthopa'dicum  seu  orthopa'dium  : 
an  institution  for  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  in  children. 

ORTHOPEDICS,  Orthopssdia. 
ORTHOPE'DIST,    Ortho'ter,    Orthopce'dicus, 
same  etymon.     One  who  practises  orthopssdia. 

ORTHOPHREN'IC,  Orthophrtn' ieus,  from 
opSos,  'right,'  and  tpprjv,  'mind.'  Relating  to 
sound  mind. 

ORTHOPNCE'A,  Suffoca'tio,  Strangula'tio, 
Prafoca'tio,  Pnix,  Pnigmus,  Euthyp'noi,  JSu- 
thyp'.ai'a,  jinffor,  Apnct'a,  from  op&os,  'right/ 
' straight/ and  into*,  'I  respire/  Impracticability 
of  breathing  in  the  horizontal  posture.  Necessity 
of  being  in  the  erect  posture,  in  order  to  respire. 
Orthopnea  Cabdiaoa,  Angina  Pectoris  —  o. 
Convulsiva,  Asthma — o.  Cynanchica,  Cynanche 
tracheal!* — o.  Hydrothoracica,  Hydrothorax — o. 
Hysterica.  Angone — o.  Pituitosa,  Myoorthopnoaa 
—o.  Tnssiculosa,  Pertussis. 
ORTHOSOMATICE.  Orthopwdia. 


07?  THOSOMA  TIQ  VE,  Orthopsedia. 

ORTHOTER,  Orthopedist. 

ORTHYSTEROPTOMA,  Prolapsus  uteri 

ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

OR  TIE,  Urtica — o.  Blanche,  Lamium  album— 
o.  Brtilante,  Urtica  urens  —  o.  J/orte,  Lamina 
album — o.  Moris  dss  Bo  it,  Galeopsis — o.  Bvsmains, 
Urtica  pilulifera. 

ORTYX,  Tetrao  eoturnix. 

OR  US,  Crovpion,  Serum.  % 

OR  VALE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

ORVIETA'NUM.  From  the  Italian  Ortte- 
tano.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Dried  1 1- 
pera,  Scorzonera,  Cariina,  Imperatorium,  Angel- 
ica, Bistort,  Rosemary,  Juniper,  Cinnamon,  Cloxcs, 
Mace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  substances. 
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in  some  re- 
spects, those  of  the  theriac  It  was  so  called, 
according  to  some,  because  invented  by  Orvietanu, 
a  celebrated  charlatan;  or,  according  to  other*, 
from  Orvieto,  a  town  in  Italy. 

ORY'ZA,  from  Orez,  (Arab.,)  Ory'xa  satf™. 
Rice,  (F.)  Riz.  Family,  Graminese.  Sex.  Sy«. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  A  plant,  almost  aquatic, 
and  indigenous  in  China,  one  of  the  richest  pro- 
ductions of  Egypt,  and  which  prospers  in  the 
warmer  regions  of  the  four  quarters  of  the  glebe. 
The  grain  inclosed  in  the  husk  is  called  by  the 
Malays  Paddy,  Padi,  or  Paddie  ;  when  deprived 
of  the  husk,  Bra;  and  when  boiled  Xasi.  Its 
amylaceous  seeds,  Ory'za,  Ory'zum,  Hordrum  *«- 
lac'ticum,  nourish  more  men  than  those  of  wheat 
and  rye  together.  Besides  being  alimentary,  they 
are  demulcent  and  emollient.  Gardiner's  ali- 
mentary preparation  is  very  finely  ground  rice- 
meal. 

Mucilage  of  Bice,  Rice  water,  may  be  formed 
by  taking  one  ounce  of  rice,  and,  having  washed 
it,  macerating  it  for  three  hours  in  a  quart  of 
tepid  soft  toater,  in  a  pan  placed  upon  a  store ; 
then  boiling  the  whole  slowly  for  anothei  bow, 
and  straining  through  a  sieve. 

It  may  be  sweetened  and  acidulated,  or  bt 
prepared  with  milk,  like  arrow-root,  and  be  used 
as  a  demulcent. 

Rice  Jelly  is  made  by  macerating  a  sniieieet 
quantity  of  clean  rice  in  as  much  voter  as  wil 
cover  it;  boiling  slowly,  adding  water  as  it  evap- 
orates, until  the  rice  is  reduced  to  a  pap,  sweeten- 
ing and  flavouring  with  lemon-juice  or  rom'tVo, 
and  passing  through  a  fine  sieve  into  a  form  cr 
mould.  It  may  be  eaten  alone  or  with  milk;  and 
is  a  good  diatetio  preparation  for  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers. 

Ground  rice.  Take  a  tablespoonful  of  ervmi 
rice/  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk,  and  half  an  omxe 
of  candied  lemon -peel.  Rub  the  rice  smooth  w& 
the  milk :  then  add  the  lemon-peel  cut  into  small 
pieces ;  boil  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  white 
the  milk  is  hot  It  is  used  in  the  same  cases  si 
rice  jelly. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth,  sea  Ossiculum — o.  Aeroan. 
Acromion  —  o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius  —  o.  Adjat*- 
rium,  Humeri  os  —  o.  Alsaforme,  Sphenoid  —  a. 
Alagas,  Coccyx,  Sacrum— o.  Amphideon,  Os  uteri 

—  o.  Anonyme,  Innominatum  os-— o.  Anonrmom 
Innominatum  08  —  o.  Anticum,  Avant  bonds  o» 
Arcuale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Armale,  Temporal 
bone — o.  Asser,  Sternum — o.  de  F  Assists*,  Ischioa 

—  o.  AxygOB,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Ballistic,  Astragals* 

—  o.  Baeilare,  Occipital  bone,  Palate  bone,  Sa- 
orum,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Baxillare,  Sphenoid— e.  Bt- 
eorne,  Hyoides  os — o.  Brachial e,  Humeri  os — o. 
Brachii,  Humeri  os — o.  Calais,  Calcaaewm — a. 
Capitatum,  Magnum  os— o.  Cauda,  Occipital  bene 
— o.  Clunium,  Sacrum — o.  Coccygis,  Coeeyx — o. 
Colatorium,  Ethmoid  bone— o.  Coliforme,  Skfe- 


OS 


625 


OSCHOPTCEBEMA 


moid — o.  Oonvolutum  superius,  Turbinated  bone, 
middlt — o.  Coronale,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  Coxrn, 
Innominatam  os— o.  Coxal,  Innominatam  os, 
Isohion — o.  Cribleux,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribriforme, 
Ethmoid— o.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid— o.  Cristatam, 
Ethmoid — o.  Croehu,  Os  nnioiforme. 

OS  CRO  TOP  HALE.  A  name  given  by  M. 
Btclard  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  with  at  the  an- 
terior and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone;  from 
KformfK,  '  the  temple.' 

Os  Cbotaphiticum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Cubl- 
earn,  Ethmoid  bone— o.  Cubiti  Inferius,  Ulna— o. 
de  la  Cuisee,  Femur — o.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid — 
o.  Oaneo  comparatum,  Sphenoid — o.  Cymbiforme, 
Scaphoid  bone  —  o.  Disciforme,  Patella — o.  Du- 
rum, Temporal  bone — o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  &PA  CTALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of  the 
ossa  Wormiana;  particularly  to  one  met  with  in 
the  posterior  fontanelle,  and  which  has  been  de- 
scribed by  G.  Fisoher,  under  the  name  Os  Epae- 
tali  sen  OoSthian'um. 

OS  jSPACTAUX,  Wormiana  ossa. 

Os  Externum,  The  entrance  into  the  vagina, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  0$  internum  or  0» 
w'teru 

Os  Extra.  Orduiem  Carpi,  Os  pisiforme  —  o« 
Fibrosura,  Occipital  bone  —  o.  Foraminulentum, 
Ethmoid  —  o.  Frontts,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  Gense, 
Mai®  os— o.  Gladioli,  Sternum — o.  Orand,  Mag- 
num os — o.  Grand,  col  du,  Collum  ossis  magni — 
o.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid — o.  Gutturis,  Hyoides  os 
—o.  Hamatum,  Os  unciforme  —  o.  /fort  du  rang, 
Os  pisiforme— o.  Hypopium,  Malm  os — o.  Hypse- 
loides,  Hyoides  os  —  o,  Inooajugatum,  Sphenoid 
— o.  Inoudi  similis,  Incus— o.  Inferias  ventriculi, 
Pylorus — o.  Innomini,  Innominatam  oa — o.  Inter- 
caUe,  Wormiana  ossa— o.  Internum,  Os  uteri — o. 
inverecundutn,  Frontal  bone— o.  Isohii,  Ischion 

—  o.  Interparietale,  Interparietal  bone  —  o.  Ju- 
gale,  Males  os  —  o.  Jugamentnm,  Males  os  —  o. 

i  Juguli,  Clavicle  —  o.  Laerymale,  Unguis  os — o. 

,  Lambda,  Occipital  bone— o.  Lambdoides,  Hyoides 

os,  Occipital  bone— o.  Lapideum,  Temporal  bone 

|  — o.  Latum,  Sacrum — o.  Latum  humeri,  Scapula, 

—  o.  Lenticulare,  Os  orbieulare,  Os  pisiforme — o. 
Lepidoides,  Temporal  bone — o.  Lingua,  Hyoides 
os— -o.  Linguale,  Hyoides  os— o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 

\  poral  bone  —  o.  Magnum,  neck  of  the,  Colluin 

ossis  magni  —  o.  Malaire,  Males  os  —  o.  Malare, 
Malse  os  —  o.  Maxilla  superior!*  nndeoimnm, 
Vomer— o.  Maxillaire  in/irieure,  Collum  mandi- 
bulsB — o.  Memento  mori,  Temporal  bone— o.  Me- 
morise, Oocipital  bone  —  o.  Mendosum,  Temporal 
bone — o.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  o. 
1  Mueronatum,  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 

majus,  Trapezium  os  —  o.  Multangulum  minus, 
Trapezoides  os  —  o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Sphe- 
1  noid — o.  Naeaux,  Nasal  bones — o.  Naviculare,  Os 

scaphoides — o.  Nervale,  Temporal  bone— o.  Ner- 
Tosum,  Oocipital  bone— o.  Oocipiti,  Occipital  bone 
— -o.  Orbieulare,  Oa  pisiforme — o.  du  Palau,  Pa- 
1         late  bone  —  o.  Palati,  Palate  bone  —  o.  Palatin, 
Palate  bone  —  o.  Papillare,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Parie- 
tale  inferius,  Temporal  bone — o.  Paxillare,  Sphe- 
noid —  o.  Pectinis,  Pubis,  os  —  o.  Pectoris,  Ster- 
num—  o.  Pelvi-cephaiicum,  Occipital  bone  —  o. 
Pelvis  laterale,  Innommatum  os — o.  Perone,  Fi- 
bula— o.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Polymor- 
phon,  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pommette,  Mala)  os— o. 
Postcruin,  Pharynx — o.  Prserupt®  rupi  assimila- 
tum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Procubitale,  Ulna — o. 
Propree  du  nez,  Nasal  bones— o  Prors,  Occipital 
bono — o.  Pudicum,  Malse  os— o.  Puppis,  Frontal 
>         bone,  Occipital  bone — o.  Pyramldale  carpi,  Tr&pe- 
'         soides  os—o.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Ration- 
t         is,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  du  Rayon,  Radius  —  o.  Sa- 
f        cram,  Sacrum — o.  Saxeum,  Temporal  bone — o. 
'  40 


Scntifonne,  Patella— o.  Sedentarium,  see  Ischiatio 
— o.  SemUunare,  Lunare  os — o.  Seztum  cranil,  Oc- 
cipital bone  —  o.  du  Sinciput,  Parietal  bones,  sea 
Sinciput — o.  Soue-eikmotdal,  Turbinated  bone, 
inferior — o.  Sphoano-basilare,  Occipital  bone— o. 
Spheeoides,  Sphenoid— o.  Sphenoidale,  8phenoid 
— o.  Sphenoides,  Sphenoid— o.  Spongiosum,  Eth- 
moid— o.  Spongiosum  inferius,  Turbinated  bone, 
inferior  —  o.  Spongiosum  medium,  Turbinated 
bone,  middle— o.  Spongiosum  superius,  Turbina- 
ted bone,  middle,  Turbinated  bone,  superior — o. 
Spongoides,  Ethmoid— o.  Squamosum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Suboeulare,  Malse  os — o.  Surnumi- 
rairee,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Suemaxillaire,  Maxil- 
lary (superior)  bone — o.  Sylvii,  Os  orbieulare — o. 
Temporis,  Temporal  bone — o.  Tessera,  Cuboid— 
o.  Thyreoides,  Patella — o.  Tibiae  minus,  Fibula 
—  o.  Tincsa,  Os  uteri — o.  Trianyulairee,  Wormi- 
ana ossa — o.  Turbinatum,  Turbinated  bona, 
middle  —  o.  Turbinatum  inferius,  Turbinated 
bone,  inferior— o.  Uncinatum,  Os  unciforme— o. 
Upsiloides,  Hyoides  os  —  o.  Varium,  Cuboid — o. 
Vesptforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Vomeris,  Vomer — o. 
Wormiene,  Wormiana  ossa —  o.  Xiphoides,  Ster- 
num— o.  Ypseloidee,  Hyoides  os — o.  Zygomati- 
cum,  Malse  os. 

Os  U'tkri,  Oa  tinea,  Protoerporue,  Qe  inter'* 
num,  On  amphid'eon  sen  amphtd'eum,  Qt'cheon, 
Hyetcroe'toma,  Oe'culum  u'teri,  Hyeteroetom'ium, 
OHjic"iuM  u'teri,  (F.)  Mueeau  de  Tanchc  The 
mouth  of  the  womb,  see  Uterus* 

OSCEDO,  Yawning. 

OSCH£MAT(EDE'MA,  Oechmncede'mm, 
CEde'ma  eeroti  eruen'tum;  from  MgMir,  'scrotum,' 
'•tft*f  *  blood/  and  otlnpa, '  oedema.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCHJBMCEDEMA,  OschsBmatoedema. 

OSCHE,  Scrotum. 

OSCHEITIS,  Orcheitis,  Oschitis. 

08 CHEO CARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHEOCELE,  OecKoee'li,  from  otr^tw,  'the 
scrotum,'  and  jnjAa,  'tumour/  Scrotal  hernia,  sea 
Bubonocele.  Sauvages  uses  it  in  the  sense  of 
Dropey  of  the  ecrotum,  see  Hydrocele. 

Oschbocblb  Aquosa,  Hydroscheooele— o.  Fla- 
tulenta,  Physocele — o.  Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele 
— o.  (Edematica,  (Edematoscheocele— o.  Semina- 
lis,  Spermatocele— o.  ITrinalis,  Urocele— o.  VarU 
eosa,  Varicocele. 

0SCHE0N,  8crotum,  Os  uteri. 

OSCHEON'CUS,  Oechon'eue,  OtcUophy'mm, 
Otchophy'ma,  from  segu*,  'scrotum,'  and  oymt, 
'a  tumour.'  A  preternatural  swelling  of  the 
scrotum, 

OSCHEOPHYMA,  Oscheonous. 

OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,  Oecheopku'tiotH,  from 
•$v«o», '  the  scrotum,'  and  *>o*v», '  I  form.'  '  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
scrotum  when  lost. 

OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA,  OechopyauMma,  (EdJ- 
ma  eeroti  puruUn't uwu  Purulent  tumefaction  of 
the  scrotum. 

OSCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OS'CHION.  The  raised  margin  of  the  os  uteri. 
According  to  some,  an  exereseence  from  the  os 
uteri. 

OSCHI'TIS,  Orchitis,  Oechei'ti;  Tnflamma'Ho 
eeroti,  from  eo^cov,  '  the  scrotum,'  and  itu,  *  in- 
flammation.'   Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCHOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chlmney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHOCELE,  Oscheocele. 

OSCHONCUS,  OBoheoncus. 

OSCHOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus.  , 

OSCHOPYCEDEMA,  Oscheopyfedemf*  1 


OSCHURCBDEMA 


626 


OSSIFICATION 


OSCHUR(EDE'MA ;  from  *^toy,  'scrotum/ 
•rpor,  'urine/  and  otSnua,  'oedema.'  (Edema 
from  effusion  of  urine  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCIIUS,  Scrotum. 

OSCHYDRCEDE'MA,  from  #*xc»*  'scrotum/ 
*»&#pf  'water/  and  oUttpa,  'oedema.'  (Edema 
scroti  a  quo' turn.    Watery  oedema  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCILLA'TIO,  Irritability,  Oscillation. 

OSCILLA'TION,  Oscilla'tio;  from  oscillum, 
'an  image  perhaps  of  Bacchus,  hung  on  ropes, 
and  swung  up  and  down  in  the  air.'  Vibration, 
Vibra'men,  Vibra'tio,  Vibra'tus.  Also,  a  partial 
rotatory  movement  of  the  eyeball  to  and  from  its 
antero-posterior  axis. 

OS'CITANT  (FEVBR),  Febris  osfcitans,  (E.) 
Filvre  oscitante,  from  oscitare,  'to  yawn.'  A  foyer, 
in  which  the  patient  is  continually  yawning. 

OSCITATIO,  Yawning. 

OSCULATORIUS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

OSCULUM  UTERI,  Os  uteri. 

OSCUS,  Scrotum. 

OSEILLE,  Rumez  aeetosa — o.  Boucher,  Ru- 
mez  scntatus  — o.  Petite,  Rumez  scutatus  —  o. 
Ronde,  Rumez  scutatus — o.  Rouge,  Rumez  san- 
guineus. 

OS'MAZOME,  Os'moeome,  Osmaxo'ma,  Osmo- 
so'ma,  Zomod'mum,  (F.)  Matiire  extractive  du 
Bouillon;  Extractive  of  meat,  Saponaceous  extract 
of  meat;  from  0(7*9,  'smell/  and  £wpot,  'soup/ 
M.  Thdnard  gave  this  name  to  an  extractive 
matter,  contained  in  muscular  flesh  and  in  the 
blood  of  animals,  which  he  considers  of  a  peculiar 
nature.  It  has  an  agreeable  smell  and  taste,  and 
is  found  in  Bouillons  of  meat,  in  the  proportion 
of  one  part  to  seven  of  gelatin.  Vauquelin  dis- 
covered in  it  some  fungi.  It  is  the  substance 
which  gives  the  flavour  of  meat  to  soups,  and 
hence  its  name.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  the 
dose  of  ^88  to  £p,  in  broth  or  in  powder,  with 
aromatic*,  as  a  stimulant  to  the  digestive  actions 
and  a  restorer  of  appetite  in  convalescence.  An 
Osmazome  chocolate,  Chocola'ta  cum  osmaxo'ma, 
has  been  introduced  as  an  analeptic  article  of 
diet.    It  consists  of  chocolate  Ibj  to  osmazome  §j. 

OSME,  Odour. 

OSMESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSMIDROSIS,  from  oeun,  'odour/  and  'thfsn, 
'  sweat.'    Perspiration  of  an  unusual  odour. 

OSMITOPS'IS  ASTERISCOi'DES,  BeUis. 
A  plant,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which,  from 
its  smell  and  taste,  seems  to  contain  camphor; 
hence  its  antispasmodic  virtues.  In  infusion,  it 
is  often  beneficially  employed  in  cough,  hoarse- 
ness, and  diseases  of  the  chest  generally,  and  is 
said  to  be  serviceable  in  flatulent  oolic.  Infused 
in  spirit,  spir'itus  bellidis,  it  has  been  used  suc- 
cessfully as  an  external  remedy  in  paralysis. 

OSMOMETRIES  SENSUS,  Olfaction. 

OSMON'OSI,  Osmontt'si,  Morbi  olfac'ttos,  from 
0*/iir, ' odour/  and  vococ,  'a  disease.'  Diseases  of 
olfaction. 

OSMONOSOLOGPIA,  from  **•*»,  'odour/  vovvc, 
'disease/  and  \syoi, ' description.'  The  doctrine 
of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  diseases  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

OSMORRHI'ZA  L0»GI8'TYLIS, Sweet 
CKe"ely.  An  indigenous  plant,  Order  Umbelli- 
fene,  which  flowers  in  May  and  June.  It  is  an 
agreeable  aromatic,  having  much  of  the  flavour 
nf  anise. 

08M0Z0ME,  Osmasome. 

OSMUND.  ROYAL,  Osmond*  regalia. 

OSMUN'DA  CINNAMO'MEA,  Cinnamon 
Fern  Indigenous ;  Order,  Filicas  j  is  regarded 
to  be  demulcent,  subastringent,  and  tonic  Boiled 
in  milk,  it  yields  a  fine  mucilage,  which  U  useful 
In  dfarrhoea, 


Osmrs'DA  RneA'Lis,  Filix  Florida, 
royal.    This  plant  was  once  though,  ta  pa 
astringent  and  emmenagogue  virtues. 

OSORON,  Opium. 

0SPHRANTERICU6,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRANTICOS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRASIA,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRESIOL'OGY,    Osphreeiolog"  to, 
oe^pneit,  'odour/  and  Xsys,  'a  discourse.*    A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRETICU8,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  o*tfir*ir,  'olfaction. 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  odours. 

OSPHYALOEMA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYARTHRITIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSPHYARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

OSPHYI'TIS,  Osphy'tis,  Osphyartkri'tis,  /«- 
JUtmma'tio  coxa,  from  oefvs,  *  the  hip/  and  tfia, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  parts 
about  the  hip. 

OSPHYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

OSPHYS,  Haunch,  Lumbi. 

OSPHYTIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSSA  BREGMATIS,  Parietal  bones — 0.  Con- 
voluta  inferiora,  Turbinated  bones,  inferior  —  o. 
Digitorum  manus,  Phalanges  of  the  fingers  —  a. 
Digitorum  pedis,  Phalanges  of  the  toes — o.  Epac- 
talia,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Maxillae  superior* 
quarta  sen  quinta  seu  secunda,  Nasal  bones  —  o. 
Nasalia,  Nasal  bones — 0.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones — a. 
Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — 0.  Piriformis  lingualia, 
see  Hyoides  os — o.  Raphogeminantia,  Wormiana 
ossa — 0.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones  —  o.  Sin- 
cipitis,  Parietal  bones — 0.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated 
bones— o.  Suturarum,  Wormiana  ossa— o.  Tenia 
mazUlse  superioris,  Turbinated  bones — o.  Tctra- 
gona,  Parietal  bones — 0.  Triangularis  Sphenoidal 
cornua — o.  Triangularia  filasii,  Wormiana  ossa 
—  0.  Triquetra,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Turbinate, 
Turbinated  bones — o.  Yerticalia,  Parietal  bones. 

OSSELETS  DE  L'OREILLE,  Oasicola  aa- 
ditfis. 

OSSEOUS,  Os'seus,  Osto'des,  OstoVdee,  (P.) 
Osseux;  from  oe,  'a  bone.'  Bony.  Resembling 
bone. 

OSSICLE,  Ossiculum. 

OSSICULA,  see  Ossiculum. 

Ossic'ula  Audi'tus,  Ossic'ula  Auris,  (F.)  0s- 
selets  de  V  or  exile,  0.  de  Vouie.  The  small  bones 
situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  and  forav- 
ing  an  uninterrupted  chain  from  the  membrane 
of  the  tympanum  to  that  of  the  fenestra  oTaSs. 
They  are  four  in  number ;  and  their  aeries,  frc* 
without  to  within,  is  as  follows :  JfaUeme,  Imcm\ 
0$  orbiculare,  Stapes, 

Ossicula  BsBTrxi,  Sphenoidalia  corona — a. 
Innominate,  Innominate  minora  ossa  —  o.  Nasi, 
Nasal  bones — 0.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones. 

OSSICULUM,  (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Otrfnom. 
Os'sicle.  Diminutive  of  os,  'a  bone.*  A  avail 
bone.    See  Os. 

Ossiculum  Cochleare,  Orbicular  bone  — a. 
Incudi  Comparatum,  Incus  —  o.  Malleolo  assi- 
milatum,  Malleus — o.  Molar!  denti  comparanus, 
Incus — o.  Orbiculare,  Orbicular  bone  —  a  Qanr- 
tum,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Squamosum,  Orbicular 
bone. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Ossijica'tiojrom  oe,  <abone,' 
and  facers,  'to  make/  Osteogen'ia,  Osteogem'ssie, 
Osteo'sie,  Osto'sis.  Formation  of  bone.  Devalef- 
ment,  or  increase  of  the  osseous  system.  Ossifl- 
eation  takes  place  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
nutrition  of  other  organs.  The  bones  are,  at 
first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  cartilaginous ;  the 
cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the  phosphate  of 
lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,  replaced  by  a 


OSSIFRAGA 


627 


OSTIUM 


gelatinous  parenchyma,  when  the  bone  has  ac- 
quired the  whole  of  its  development. 

Ossification,  Poijitb  op,  Pun  da  sen  Nu'clei 
oeeijicatiu'nie,  Xu'elei  oeeei,  are  the  points  where 
the  ossification  of  a  bone  commences,  whence  it 
extends  to  other  parts.  Almost  all  the  bones  pre- 
sent a  greater  or  less  number  of  points  of  ossifi- 
cation. Besides  the  natural  ossification,  which 
we  observe  in  the  foetus  and  in  the  first  periods 
of  life,  there  are  also  accidental  oeeijieatione, 
such  as  those  frequently  remarked  after  the  in- 
flammation of  serous  membranes,  in  the  parietes 
of  arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Oethex'ia,  In- 
cruMta'tion  and  Petrifaction  have,  sometimes, 
been  applied. 

OSSIFRAGA,  Osteoeolla. 

08SIS  SACKI  ACUMEN,  Coccyx. 

OSSISANA,  Osteoeolla. 

OSSIV'OHOUS,  from©*,  'a  bone,'  and  voro, 
'  I  devour.'  A  species  of  tumour,  mentioned  by 
Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAGRA,  Oe'teagra,  from  oertov,  'a  bone,' 
and  aypa,  '  seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGIA,  Osteooopus. 

OSTALGI'TIS,  Osti'tio,  Oetex'tie,  from  eortov, 
'  a  bone/  and  itie.  Injlamma'txo  Ooeie.  Inflam- 
mation of  bone ;  characterized  by  violent  shooting 
and  lancinating  pains  in  the  bone. 

OSTARIUM,  Ossioulum. 

OSTARTHRITIS,  Arthrophlogosis. 

OSTARTHROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 

OSTEAGRA,  Ostagra. 

OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEITES,  Osteoeolla. 

OSTEITIS,  OstalgiUs. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS.  Oeteimpye'eie,  Oetemppo'eie, 
from  oertov,  *  a  bone,'  and  (ftmrjets,  l  effusion  of 


pus.' 


An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a  bono. 


OSTEMPYOSIS,  Ostempyesis. 

OSTEOCE'LE,  from  oertov,  'a bone/  and  jtjXij, 
'  a  tumour/  A  hernia  in  which  the  sac  is  carti- 
laginous and  bony: — a  rare  case.  Also,  osseous 
induration  of  one  or  both  testicles. 

OSTEOCLASIS,  Fracture. 

OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  oertov,  'a  bone/  and 
ffoXXa,  '  glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone  or  Bone  binder, 
Ooeif'ruga,  Holoe'tetio,  Oeeiea'na,  Oetri'tee,  Oe~ 
tei'tee,  Amoe'teue,  OeteoV  ithoe,  Stelochi'tee.  A 
name  given  to  petrified  carbonate  of  lime,  found 
in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  portions  of 
the  globe;  so  called,  because  it  has  been  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the  for- 
mation of  callue  in  fractures.  It  is  the  Chattx 
carbonatte  concretionnie  ineruetante  of  Haiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,  OeteaVgia,  OetaVgia,  Oeteo- 
dyn'ia,  from  oertov,  « a  bone/  and  kowos,  '  fatigue.' 
Boneach,     Pain  in  the  bones. 

OSTEODENTINE,  Bee  Tooth. 

OSTEODYNIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEOGANGR^fiNA,  Necrosis. 

OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 

OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Oeteogra'phia,  from  eartov, 
'a  bone,'  and  yoa^ttv,  *  to  describe.'  Description 
of  the  bones.  The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  bones. 

OSTEOLITHOS,  Osteoeolla. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  Oeteotog"ia,  from  oertov,  'a 
bone,'  and  Xoyoj,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium  — o.  In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 

08TE0MALAC0SIS,  Mollities  ossium. 

OSTEON,  Bone— o.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 

OSTEONABRO'SIS,  from  termr,  'a  bone/ a, 


priv.,  and  fipoets,  'nutriment.1    Atrophy  of  fh* 
osseous  texture  marked  by  diminution  of  volume. 

OSTEON'CUS,  from  oertov,  '  a  bone/  and  oyco* 
'  a  tumour.'    A  bony  tumour. 

OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis. 

OSTEON' OSI,  Oeteonu'ei,  from  eortov,  'a  bone/ 
and  vooos,  '  a  disease/  Mor'bi  oe'tium.  Diseases 
of  the  bones. 

OSTEOPEDION,  LithopsBdion. 

OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  from  (xrrtor,  'a  bone/ 
waXtv,  'again/  and  xXaetq,  'fracture.'  The  break- 
ing again  of  a  bone  which  has  united  unfavour- 
ably. 

OSTEOPHYMA,  Ostooncus. 

OSTEOPH'YTA,  Osteophyte,  Exoeto'eie.  Un- 
der this  name,  Rokitausky,  of  Vienna,  describes 
a  deposition  of  bony  matter,  found  by  him  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  parietes  of  the  skull  of  preg- 
nant women. 

OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pleuroeto'eie,  from  oertov, 
'  a  bone/  and  vXtvpov, '  a  rib.'  Ossification  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs. 

OSTEOPORO'SIS,  Oeteoeelero'eie,  from  oertov, 
'  a  bone/  and  vwpwrif,  '  induration.'  Induration 
of  a  bone,  from  the  deposition  of  too  much  bony 
matter. 

OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

OSTEO-SARCO'MA,  Oeteo-earco'eie,  Snrcoeto'- 
eie,  Hamatexoeto'eie,  from  oertov,  'bone/  and  eapf, 
'  flesh.'  Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which  con- 
sists in  softening  of  its  lamin®,  and  their  trans- 
formation  into  a  fleshy  substance,  analogous  to 
that  of  cancer;  accompanied  with  general  symp- 
toms of  cancerous  affection.  The  word  has  of- 
ten, also,  been  used  synonymously  with  spina 
ventosa. 

OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 

OSTEOSCLEROSIS,  Osteoporosis. 

OSTEOSIS,  Ossification. 

OSTEO-STBATO'MA,  Exoeto'eie  eteatomat</- 
dee,  from  oertov  '  a  bone,'  and  ertap,  '  suet  or  fat' 
A  name  given  to  bony  tumours  or  degenerations, 
which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sarcoma;  at 
others,  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  Ac. 

OSTEOT'OMIST,-  Oeteotomio'ta.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  D. 
Davis,  for  cutting  the  bones  of  the  foetal  cranium, 
where  it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the 
sixe  of  the  head  in  parturition. 

OSTEOT'OMY,  Oeteotom'ia,  from  oertov,  'a 
bone/  and  rtpvttv,  '  to  cut'  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  whose  object  is  the  dissection  of  bones. 

OSTEOTOPHUS,  Tophus. 

OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus. 

OSTEULCUM,  Bone-nippers. 

OSTEUM,  Bone. 

OSTHEXIA,  see  Ossification. 

OSTIA  ATRIO-VENTRICULARIA,  see  Os- 
tium. 

OSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

OSTIOLUM,  from  oertov,  'a  mouth  or  open- 
ing/   A  small  door  or  gate. 

Ostiola  Cordis,  Val'vufa  cordis,  Pellicula 
cord i :    The  valves  of  the  heart. 

OSTITIS,  Ostalgitis. 

OS'TIUM,  Oriftc"i*m,  a  door  or  gate,— of  the 
heart,  for  example.  The  opening — Oa'tia  atrio- 
rentricula'ria — between  the  auricle  and  ventricle 
of  each  side ;  Oe'tium  veno'eum,  that  of  the  right 
side ;  Oe'tium  arterio'eum,  that  of  the  kit. 

Ostium  Abdominalr,  see  Tube,  Fallopian — o 
Internum,  see  Ostium  uteri. 

Ostium  U'teri.  The  rulva;  the  vagina.  Tho 
term  Oe'tium  internum  has  been  applied  to  the 
inferior  opening  of  the  uterus,  which  establishes 
a  free  communication  between  the  cavities  of  thsj 


OSTODES 


628 


OTOSCOPIUM 


body  and  neck,  and  which  is  often  obliterated  in 
old  women. — Cruveilheir.  The  neck  of  the  ute- 
rus ;  the  month  of  the  uterus. 

Ostium  Uterinum,  see  Tube,  Fallopian  —  o. 
Ventriculi  Duodenale  sea  Pyloricum  sea  Dex- 
tram  sen  Inferius,  Pylorus. 

OSTODES,  Bony. 

OSTOIDEA  SUBSTANTIA,  see  Tooth. 

OSTOIDES,  Bony. 

OSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTOSIS,  Ossification. 

OS'TREA,  Oo'treum,  (F.)  Huitre.  The  oyster. 
The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet,  often 
advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

The  shells,  Teat*  Or 'trea >.,  Testa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(F.)  Ecaillee  cThuttres,  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  and  used  medicinally.  Their 
virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime.     See  Greta. 

OSTREUM,  Ostrea. 

OSTRITES,  OsteocoUa. 

OSTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

OSYRIS,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

OTACOUS'TIC,  Otacout'tieuo  ;  from  ovt,  nrot, 
'  the  ear/  and  acotw,  '  I  listen.'  Any  instrument 
is  so  called  which  improves  the  sense  of  hearing, 
—as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 

OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTAL'GIA,  OVagra,  Otod'yni,  Otal'qy,  from 
ovt,  urot,  *  the  ear/  and  alyot,  '  pain/  Pain  in  the 
ear;  Dolor  au'rium,  Spasmus  au'rium,  Ear-ache. 
See  Otitis. 

OTAL'OIC,  Otal'giouo.  An  epithet  for  reme- 
dies used  in  otalgia. 

OTECHUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

OTEMPLAS'TRUM,  OtoplaSta,  Otoplar'trum, 
from  ovsj  '  the  ear/  and  ruwXaorpov,  'a  plaster/  A 
plaster  put  behind  the  ears. 

OTEN'CHYTES,  Otenchyta,  from  ovt,  *n>s, 
'the  ear/  tv,  'into/  and  x**>  'I  pour/  Sipho 
auricula' ru.  A  species  of  syringe,  used  for  in- 
jecting the  ear. 

OTHELCO'SIS,  from  ovt,  «w,  'the  ear/  and 
'tkmms, '  ulceration.'  Ulceration  or  suppuration 
of  the  ear. 

OTHONE,  Linteum. 

OTHOXION,  Linteum. 

OTHYOROTES,  Otirrhoea. 

OTIATER,  Aurist. 

OTIATRI'A,  Otiat'rtee,  from  ovt,  »rot,  'the 
ear/  and  tarpua,  'medicine.'  The  business  of  the 
aurist.  The  management  of  diseases  of  the  ear. 
Aural  Medicine  and  Surgery.  Ear  Surgery, 

OTIATRICE,  Otiatria. 

OTIATRUS,  Aurist 

OTIC,  O'ticuM,  from  ovt,  *ros,  'the  ear/  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  the  ear.  A  medicine  em- 
ployed in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Otic  Gahglion,  Otogan'glium,  Gang1  lion  auri- 
cula'ri,  Ganglion  o'ticum,  Aurie'ular  ganglion. 
Ganglion  of  Arnold,  (F.)  Ganglion  maxillo-tym- 
panique.  This  is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more 
than  double  the  size  of  the  ophthalmio,  ash-co- 
loured and  pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sym- 
pathetic. It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  infe- 
rior maxillary  nerve,  at  the  inner  margin  of  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid  bone.  See  Pe- 
trous ganglion. 

OTIRRH(E'A,  Otorrhea,  Othy'groteo,  Blenno- 
torrhm'a,  (F.)  Catarrh*  do  F  Oreille,  from  ovt,  *  the 
ear/  and  ptm, '  I  flow/  Disoharge  of  a  purulent  or 
puriform  liquid,  from  the  meatus  auditorius  exter- 
nus,  Puorrhcr'a  au'rium,  Otopyorrhoe'a,  Pya-otor- 
rhaa'a,  Otorrhea' a  purulen'ta.  It  is  a  symptom  of 
chronic  otitis.  Some  authors  have,  indeed,  used 
the  t«urm  synonymously  with  chronic  otitis.  When 


it  extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed  cer'ebral  c 
rhafa;  and  when  from  the  middle  or  in  tonal 

r,  it  is  termed  interna/  otorrhea,  Otorrhafm 
inter'na,  and  Entotorrhos'a. 

Otirrhcba,  Cersbrai*  see  Otirrhoea. 

0TITES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS,  OtophUymoni,  Empree'ma  otitim, 
Infiamma'tio  aurU,  Inflammation  of  the  ear,  (F.) 
Inflammation  de  ForeilU.  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  ear,  characterised  by 
excruciating  pain;  intolerable  humming  in  the 
ear,  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  generally  from 
the  meatus  externus  or  from  the  Eustachian 
tube.  When  the  inflammation  is  restricted  to 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed 
otitie  catarrha'lio.  Otitis  is  divided  into  external 
and  internal,  according  as  it  affects  the  meatus  au- 
ditorius, or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or  inter- 
nal ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic  AcuU  otitio 
commonly  terminates  in  a  few  days  in  a  favour- 
able manner,  with  the  aid  of  antiphlogistic*. 
Chronic  otitio,  otirrhct'a,  is  almost  always  accom- 
panied by  a  purulent  disoharge  from  the  meatus 
auditorius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and  may  ulti- 
mately give  occasion  to  disease  of  the  internal 
ear,  and  even  of  the  brain. 

Otitis  Catarrhalis,  see  Otitis. 

O'TIUM,  Ota' Hum,  from  out,  »rot,  'the  ear/ 
A  small  ear.    The  auricle  or  pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OTOCEPHALUS,  Mono'tia,  from  —t,  «tp* 
'the  ear/  and  re^aAij,  'head/  A  monster,  whoee 
ears  are  in  contact,  or  united  into  one. 

OTOCONIES,  see  OtolithL 

OTODYNE,  Otalgia. 

OTOGLYPHIS,  Earpiok. 

OTOGLYPHUM,  Earpiok. 

OTOG'RAPHY,  Otogra'phia,  from  •»*,  wot, 
'the  ear/  and  fpa^n,  'a  description/  The  pert 
of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ear. 

OT'OLITHS,  Otol'ithi,(B.)  Otolith**,  from*** 
(jtrof,  'the  ear,  and  \t$ot,  'a  stone.*  White  cal- 
careous substances  contained  in  the  membraaomi 
vestibule,  and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the 
fluid  of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of 
nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they  are 
inservient  to  audition.  When  of  a  looser  con- 
sistence, they  are  called  Otocon'ia,  (F.)  Otoconia, 
from  ovt,  'the  ear/  and  kovm,  'dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otolog"io,  from  out,  »rwt,  'the 
ear/  and  \oyot,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical 
treatise  on  the  ear. 

OTOPATHEMA,  Otopathy. 

OTOP'ATHY,  Otopothi'a,  Otopathe'ma,  from 
ovt,  uros, '  the  ear/  and  raBot,  'a  disease.'  A  dis- 
eased condition  of  the  ear. 

OTOPHLEGMONE,  Otitis. 

OTOPLASTA,  Otemplastrum. 

OTOPLAS'TICE,  from  ovt,  «tv*  'the  ear/  and 
v\a<rriKot, '  forming/  The  operation  for  restoring 
a  lost  ear. 

OTOPLASTRUM,  Otemplastrum. 

OTOPYORRHEA,  Otirrhosa. 

OTORRHAGIA;  from  ovt,  vr*,  'the  car/ 
and  payn,  'rupture.'  Bleeding  from  the  ear  er 
ears. 

OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, from  «*,»*  <the 
ear,  and  0*9,1*™**,  'rheumatism/  Oast's* 
rhoumar'ica.    Rheumatic  ear-ache. 

OTORRHGEA,  Otirrhcae— o.  Cerebral,  see  Otir- 
rhcea—o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhaee-H 
Otirrhoea. 

OTOSCOPTUM,  from  ovt,  mot,  'the  m 
9*0*9, '  examination.'  An  instrument  for  < 
ning  the  condition  of  the  external  ear. 


OTOTOMY 


629 


OVUM 


OTOTOMY,  OtoUm'ia,  from  ov*  wtoj,  'the 
aar/  and  Ttpvtiv, '  to  out1  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting 
and  preparing  the  ear. 

OULA,  Gingivae. 

OULE,  Cicatrix. 

OUNCE,  Un'cia.  A  weight  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  the  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.  It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.  See  Weights 
and  Measures. 

OURAQUE,  Urachus. 

OURARY,  Curare. 

OUREMA,  Urine. 

OURLES,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotldsea. 

OURON,  Urine. 

OUS,  Ear. 

OUTRE  MER,  Lapis  laiuli. 

OUVERTVRE  CADAVltRIQUE,  Autopsia 
cadaverica. 

OVA  ORAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafian!  —  o. 
Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulm. 

OVAL,  Ova'lU,  O'6'dee,  O'di'des,  Ova'tut,  from 
ovum,  'an  egg.'  Egg-shaped;  elliptic  That 
which  is  round  and  oblong  like  an  egg.       . 

Oval!  Fora'men,  Foramen  ob"des,  (F.j \  Trou 
ovale.  The  foramen  obturatorium ;  also,  the  fo- 
ramen in  the  inner  parios  of  the  middle  ear,  which 
opens  into  the  vestibule;  the  foramen  in  the 
sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the  cranium ;  and  the 
aperture,  in  the  ftetus,  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart    See  Botal  Foramen. 

Ovalis  Fossa,  Val'vula  seu  Veetig^'tum  Fo- 
ram'inis  ovalis,  is  a  depression  observed  in  the 
right  auricle  of  the  heart,  on  the  septum,  which 
separates  it  from  the  left  auricle.  It  has  thick 
and  strong  edges,  at  its  upper  and  fore  part, 
called  Colnm'na  foram'ini*  ova' lis,  Isthmus  seu 
An'nulus  Vieusse'nii  seu  An'nulus  fossa  ovalis : 
in  the  foetus  called  An'nulus  for  am' inis  vel  fossa 
ova' lis.  The  fossa  ovalis,  in  the  adult,  replaces 
the  inter-auricular  aperture  in  the  septum  auriou- 
larum  of  the  foetus. 

OVA'RIAN,  Ova'rial,  Ovaria'nus,  from  ova- 
rium, uaptov,  '  the  ovary.'  Relating  to  the  ovary 
— as  Ovarian  pregnancy. 

Ovarian  Artebt,  Spermatic  artery— o.  Nerves, 
Spermatic  plexus  of  nerves  —  o.  Pregnanoy,  see 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — o.  Veins,  Spermatic  veins — 
o.  Vesicles,  Folliculi  Graafian!. 

OVARIOTOMY,  Oariotomy. 

O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Same  etymon  as  Ovarian. 
Those  physiologists  who  think  that  the  phenomena 
of  generation,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  incited 
by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiologists  of 
the  present  day  can  be  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS,  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  O'vary, 
Testis  mulie'bris,  T.  femineus,  Oa'rion,  Ooph'o- 
ron,  Oynoa'rium,  Vesica' Hum,  (F.)  Ovaire.  The 
ovaries  are  the  organs  in  which  the  ova  are 
formed  in  oviparous  animals.  By  analogy,  the 
name  has  been  given  to  the  organs  which  the 
aneiente  called  the  testicles  of  the  female.  They 
are  two  ovoid  bodies,  almost  as  large  as  the  testi- 
cles in  men,  placed  on  each  side  of  the  uterus, 
between  the  Fallopian  tube  and  round  ligament, 
and  in  the  substance  of  the  broad  ligament 
Their  outer  extremity  gives  attachment  to  one  of 
the  projections  of  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the 
Fallopian  tube ;  and  the  internal  is  fixed  to  the 
uterus  by  a  small  ligamentous  cord,  called  Liga- 
men'tum  rotun'dumova'Hi,  Lig' anient  of  the  O'va- 
ry.   The  ovaries  are  composed  of  a  very  close, 


spongy  texture— stroma, — and  of  small  vesicles— 
Folliefuli  Graafiani, — filled  with  a  dear  fluid: 
these  vesicles  contain  ovules,  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecun- 
dation, and  are  carried  into  the  cavity  of  the  nte- 
rus  by  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Ovarium  Tumidum,  Oarioncus  —  o.  Nabothi, 
Nabothi  glanduUs. 

OVATUS,  Oval. 

OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM,  Coliea  cra- 
pulosa. 

OVERO  BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

OVICAPSULE,  see  FoUiculi  Graafiani. 

OVIDUCTUS  MULIEBRIS,TubaFallopiana. 

OVIG"EROUS,  O'viger,  Ovigi'erue;  from 
ovum,  *  an  egg,'  and  gero,  '  I  bear.'  Containing 
or  producing  ova  or  eggs. 

OVIPARITt,  see  Oviparous. 

OVIP'AROUS,  Ovip'arus;  from  ovum,  'an 
egg,'  and  pario,  '  I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  animals  which  are  hatched  from  eggs 
outside  of  the  body.  The  oondition  may  be 
termed  Ovip'arousness,  (F.)  OviparitL  See  Ge- 
neration. 

OVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Oviparous. 

OVISAC,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani— o.  Tunic  of 
the,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVISTS,  Ovariste. 

OVOLOGY,  Oologia. 

OVO-VIVIP'AROUS,  from  ovum,  'an  egg/ 
vivus,  'living,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Ovi- 
parous animals,  whose  ova  are  hatched  within  the 
mother, — vipers,  for  example.    See  Generation. 

OVULA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani— 
o.  Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 

OVULATION;  from  ovulum,  diminutive  of 
ovum,  'an  egg.'  The  formation  of  ova  in  the 
ovary,  and  the  discharge  of  the  same. 

Spontaneous  Ovulation,  (F.)  Ovulation  spon- 
tanie,  is  the  spontaneous  formation  and  discharge 
of  ova  which  takes  place  in  the  female  of  the 
mammalia.    See  Heat 

OVULINE,  Decidua  reflexa, 

O'VULUM,  O'vule;  diminutive  of  ovum,  'an 
egg.'  A  small  egg.  That  which  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  small  egg.    See  Ovum. 

OVUM,  mov,  O'dn,  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poultry 
are  chiefly  used  as  food.  The  different  parts  are, 
likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The  shell,  An- 
ran' cum,  Auran'tum,  (F.)  Coque  d'aeuf,  Coquille 
tToeuf,  calcined,  is  esteemed  an  absorbent  The 
Oil  of  the  egg  is  emollient,  and  is  used,  exter- 
nally, to  burns  and  chaps.  The  Yolk  or  Yelk 
of  the  egg—  Vitel'lum  seu  Vitel'lus  ovi — renders 
oils,  Ac,  miscible  with  water.  Eggs,  wheu  light 
boiled,  are  easy  of  digestion;  but,  when  very 
hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more  rebellious. 

Egg  brandy  is  made  by  taking  of  Brandy  fjiv; 
Cinnamon  water,  f^iv;  the  yolks  of  two  eggs; 
Sugar,  Jss;  and  Oil  of  cinnamon,  gtt  ij.  Mix 
the  yolks  of  the  eggs  first  with  the  water,  the  oil 
and  the  sugar,  stirring  constantly.  Then  add  the 
brandy  little  and  little,  until  a  smooth  fluid  is 
formed.  It  is  an  agreeable  mode  of  giving  brandy 
in  adynamic  states. 

In  Pharmacy,  white  of  egg,  which  consist* 
chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  syrups, 
Ac.  Yolk  of  egg,  (F.)  Jaune  d'anf,  beaten  up 
with  warm  water  and  sugar,  and  aromatized  with 
orange-flower  water,  forms  an  emulsion,  which  is 
emollient,  and  known  under  the  name  Lait  de 
pouU  or  chicken's  milk. 

Anatomists  give  the  name  Ova,  O'vula,  O'vule*, 
(F.)  OEufs,  to  round  vesicles,  containing  a  humour 
similar  to  tne  yolk  of  egg,  which  art  situate  li* 
the  ovaries  of  the  female!  and,  when  fecundated, 


OXALAS 


630 


OXYGEN 


constitute  the  rudiments  of  the  fuetus.  Baring 
gestation,  the  embryo  and  its  enveloping  mem- 
branes retain  the  name  Ovum,  (F.)  (Euf.  The 
ohanges  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
nation greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 

Ovcm,  Testiclo — o.  Hystericum,  see  Clavus 
hystericus. 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

OXALAT'IC,  OxaJaficu*.  Relating  to  oxa- 
latet :  hence  Oxalat'io  or  Oxalic  acid  Biath'eeie 
Is  the  habit  of  body  which  favours  the  formation 
and  deposition  of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IC  ACID,  Aeidum  oxali'num,  A.  eac- 
.ihari'num,  A.  hydro-carbon' icum,  A.  acetoeeVlm, 
A.  oxal'icum,  Aeidum  eadchari,  Acid  of  sugar, 
Acid  of  sorrel,  Car'bonous  acid,  from  ofaXif,  'sor- 
rel.' An  acid  found  in  sorreL  It  crystallizes  in 
long,  colourless,  quadrangular  prisms,  and  is  ge- 
nerally found,  in  nature,  united  with  lime  or  po- 
tassa.  It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  diluted  state, 
as  a  refrigerant,  but  it  is  unnecessary  j  and,  be- 
sides, in  quantity,  it  is  a  virulently  acrid  poison. 
It  is  largely  employed  for  cleaning  boot-tops; 
and,  as  it  strongly  resembles  the  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  has  often  been  taken  for  it.  Several 
fatal  cases  are,  indeed,  on  record.  For  its  anti- 
dotes, Ac,  see  Poison. 

OXALIC  ACID  DIATHESIS,  see  Oxalatio. 

OXALIDE,  Oxalis  aoetosella. 

OXALIS  ACETOSA,  Rnmex  acetosa. 

Ox'alis  Acetosel'la.  0,  America'na,  Oxys 
alba.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Woodsorrel, 
Cuckowbread,  Sour  Trefoil,  White  sorrel,  Moun- 
tain Sorrel,  Trifo'lium  aeeto'sum,  Oxitriphyl'lum, 
Lujula,  Allelu'ja,  Acetosel'la,  Oxyphyl'lon,  Oxy- 
triphyl'lon,  PanU  cu'euli,  (F.)  Surelle,  Oxalide, 
Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia.  Family,  Geraniffl.  Sex. 
Sy*t.  Decandria  Decagynia.  This  plant  has  a 
gratefully  acid  taste,  and  is  used  in  salads.  It 
has  been  esteemed  refrigerant,  antiscorbutic,  and 
diuretic. 

Oxalis  Amebic  Air  a,  0.  aoetosella. 

Oxalis  Tubero'sa,  Oca.  A  tuberous  plant, 
whose  oval-shaped  root  is  used  as  food  by  the 
Peruvians.  It  is  watery,  has  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  ib  much  liked. 

OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 

OXAL'ME,  from  ofa,  'acid,'  and  'aXj,  'salt' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt 

OXALU'RIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 

0XEL£2'0N,  from  ofa,  'acid/  and  tXaiov,  'oil.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment. 

OX  ETE,  Helenium  autumnale— o.  Gall,  Bile 
of  the  ox. 

OXIC^DRE,  Juniperus  oxyoednu. 

OXID,  Oxyd. 

OXIDATION,  Oxydation. 

OXIDE,  Oxyd. 

OXIDtJM,  Oxyd,  see  Oxydum. 

OXI'NES,  ofivtis,  (otvos,)  from  ofwj,  'acid.' 
Wine  already  sour,  but  not  yet  vinegar. 

OXITRIPHYLLUM,  Oxalis  acetosella, 

OXODES,  Acidulous. 

OXOIDES,  Acidulous. 

OXOS,  Aoetioum  aeidum. 

OXYA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

OXYESTHESIA,  Hyperesthesia. 

OXYAPHE,  Hyperaphia. 

OXYAPHIA,  Hyperaphia. 

OXYBAPEION,  see  Acetabulum. 

OXYBOL'IA,  from  ofv*,   'quick,'  and  0o\n, 
ejection.'    Too  rapid  emission  of  sperm. 

OXYCANTHA,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

Oxycam'tha  Gale'm,  Ber'beris,  Ber'beris  vul~ 
ga'rit,  Spina  ae"ida,  CrespVnus,  (F.)  £pine  tn- 


nette,  Vinettier.  Family,  Berberidess.  Sex.  Syst, 
HexandriaMonogynia.  The  Barberry.  The  fruit 
of  the  berries,  Barberries,  Pipperidges,  is  grate- 
fully acid,  and  moderately  astringent.  By  pre- 
paring an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root  and  adding 
water  to  it,  a  pulverulent  brown  substance  ia 
thrown  down,  which,  when  dissolved  in  alcohol 
and  evaporated,  yields  the  bitter  principle,  Bcr- 
berin,  which  is  an  excellent  stomachic  in  the  doe© 
of  2,  5,  or  10  grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Bar'beris  Canaden'- 
sis,  Pipperidge  Bush,  Sowberrv,  differs  slightly 
from  the  European.  It  flourishes  on  mountain* 
and  hilly  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXYC^DRE,  Juniperus  oxyecdrus. 
OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  o.  Pa- 
lustris,  Vaccinium  oxyoocoos. 

OX'YCRATE,  Oxycra'tum,  from  ofr$,  'add,9 
and  Kpau,  '  I  mix ;'  Posca,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water ;  frequently  used  in.  medi- 
cine as  a  refrigerant  and  antiseptic 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from  «fr*t 
'acid/  and  KpoKos,  'saffron.'  A  plaster,  composed 
of  saffron,  pitch,  colophony,  yellow  teax,  turpen- 
tine, galbanum,  gum  ammoniac,  myrrh,  olibanmm, 
and  mastic.  It  was  employed  as  a  strengthening 
plaster. 
OXYCUM,  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Oxid,  Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  0*?- 
idum,  from  •£»&  'acid/  A  combination,  not 
acid,  of  a  simple  body  with  oxygen. 

OXYDA'TION,   Oxyda'tio,   Oxida'tion,  Oiy- 
gena'tion.     The  action  of  oxy  dicing  a  body;  that 
is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen ;  a  combination 
from  which  results  an  oxydL 
OXYDE,  Oxyd. 

Oxyde,  Cystic.  A  species  of  urinary  calculus, 
having  the  shape  of  confused,  yellowish,  semi- 
transparent,  insipid,  very  hard  crystals.  When 
distilled,  it  furnishes  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
like  all  nitrogenised  matters.  It  dissolves  in  the 
nitric,  sulphuric,  phosphorio,  and  oxalic  acids. 

OXYDE  D'ANTIMOINE  SCLFUIiJ?,  Oxy- 
dum stibii  sulphuratum. 

OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia,  Vine  a' exes,  from 
o£u; ,  '  quick,'  and  SepxtoOat,  '  to  see.'  Sharpness 
of  vision. 

OXYDER'CICUS,  Oxyder>ccs,  from  «fc 
'  sharp,'  and  tip™,  '  I  see.'  A  medicine  which 
sharpens  the  sight. 

OXYDORCIA,  Oxydercia. 
OXYDUM,  Oxid — o.  Antamonii  cum  phosphate 
calcis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Oxydum  Ferri  Nigrum,  Ferri  ox'idwm  *t- 
grum,  Black  oxyd  of  iron.  The  scales,  which  Call 
from  iron,  when  heated,  consist  of  iron,  combined 
with  oxygen.  They  have  been  used  like  the  cha- 
lybeates  in  general. 

Oxydum  Fbrricum  Crystaluzatum:  Nati- 
yum,  Haematites — o.  Hydrargyri  completum,  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrieo-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricam,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrieo-oxydum— o.  Hydrargyricam  prav 
paratum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — o.  Hy- 
drargyrosum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

Oxydum  Stibii  Sulphura'tum,  Htpar  awti- 
mo'nii,  Cro'eus  metaUo'rvm,   Crocus  antima'sm, 
(F.)   Oxyde  d'antimoine    ntlfurt,    Foie    <TAmti- 
moine.    This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the  ©art 
of  fevers,  but  it  is  now  rarely  employed. 
OXYDUM  URICUM,  Uric  oxida. 
OXYECOIA,  Hyperacusis. 
OXYG'ALA,  from  ofc,  'sour,'  and  ya\m,  'nuBc.' 
Sour  milk.     The  Oxygala  equVnum,  Carueoe/mm, 
is  reckoned  amongst  the  delicacies  of  the  Tartars. 
OXYG'ARON,  from  ©fvj,  'acid/  and  yn?m*, 
'garum.'    A  composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 
OX'YGEN,  Oxygen  iutn,  Bmpy'real  air,  /Wi 


OXYGENATION 


631 


OZONB 


air,  Vital  air,  Dephlogis' treated  air,  Oxyg"ene$f 
Ox'ycum,  Princip'ium  oxyg"enan9  seu  oxy genet* - 
icum  seu  acid'ifican*  seu  ac"idum,  EUmen'tum 
acidif'icum,  (F.)  Oxyglne,  Air  du/eu;  from  •£»*, 
'acid/  and  yctw/fai,  'I  engender/  that  is,  gene- 
rator of  acid*;  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be, 
exclusively,  at  the  period  when  the  name  was 
given  to  it  This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the 
case.  Oxygen  is  largely  distributed  in  nature. 
It  exists  in  the  air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  in 
all  the  oxyds,  and  in  vegetable  and  animal  sab- 
stances,  Ac.  It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the 
peroxyd  of  manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa 
by  heat  in  close  vessels.  Although,  oxygen,  in 
the  state  of  admixture  in  which  it  is  found  in  the 
atmosphere,  is  of  vital  importance,  it  cannot  be 
respired  in  a  pure  state  with  impunity.  Animals 
die  in  it  long  before  the  whole  of  the  oxygen  is 
consumed-  The  properties  of  oxygen  seem  to  be 
stimulant.  It  increases  the  force  and  velocity  of 
the  pulse,  and  has,  accordingly,  been  used  in 
cases  of  chronic  debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scro- 
fula, dropsy,  paralysis,  Ac  It  requires  to  be  diluted 
with  from  10  to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air ;  one 
to  two  quarts  being  given  during  the  day. 

OXYGENATION,  Oxydation. 

OXYG&NE,  Oxygen. 

OXYGJSNltSES.  A  name  given  by  Baumes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered  ox- 
ygenation. 

OXYGEUSIA,  Hypergeustia. 

OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'licet,  from  •£**  'acid/ 
and  yXvcvt,  'sweot/  Multa  acida,  Ace'tvm  mul- 
•um  dulci.  Prepared  by  macerating  and  boiling 
honey-comb  (from  whioh  the  greater  part  of  the 
honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and  adding  vine- 
gar.    An  Oxymel. 

OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 

OX'YMEL,  Apom'eli,  Mel  aceta'tum,  from  o(uf, 
'acid/  and  ficXi,  'honey.'  Honey  and  vinegar 
boiled  to  a  syrupy  consistence. 

Oxymel  iEnuGiifis,  Linimentum  JEmginis. 

Oxymel  Col'chici,  Oxymel  of  meadow  saffron, 
(F.)  Oxymel  colchiqut.  (Bad.  colch.  recent,  in 
lamina*  tenues  tecta  3J»  <*c«<*  dettillati  lb),  melfit 
dmpumat.  pond.  tbij.  Macerate  in  a  gentle  heat 
for  48  hours.  Press  and  boil  the  liquor  with  the 
honey  to  the  thickness  of  a  syrup ;  stirring  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.)  It  is  expectorant  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  f^j,  in  gruel. 

OXYMEL  COLCHIQUlS,  0.  colchici --o.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  0.  colchici. 

Oxymel  Scill.*,  Oxymel  of  squills,  Mel  scillct, 
Oxymel  scillit'icum.  (Melli*.  despumat.  Oiss,  aceti 
•cilia  Oij.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a  gentle  fire 
to  a  proper  consistence.)  It  is  reputed  to  bo  ex- 
pectorant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gj* 

Oxymel,  Simple,  Oxymel  simplex,  is  prepared 
as  follows :  (Mellis  despumati  Ibij,  acidi  acetici 
lbj.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel,  over  a  slow  fire,  to  a 
proper  thickness.  PA.  L.)  It  is  cooling;  —  ex- 
ternally detergent. 

Oxymel  of  Squill,  0.  eoilla. 

OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruscus. 

OXYMYRSINE,  Ruscus. 

OXYNGIUM,  Adeps  suillus. 

OXYNI'TRON,  from  ofos,  'acid/  and  vtrpov, 
*  nitre.'  Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  chiefly  of 
vinegar  and  nitre,  and  recommended  by  Ae'tius. 

OXYNOSEMA,  Acute  disease. 

0XYN0S0S,  Acute  disease. 

OXYNUSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYO'PIA,  GaUro'pia,  Hyperopia,  Suffu'sio 
azcla'rans,  Acfe*  vitiU,  from  ofyf,  'quick/  and 
•<r*»  '  sight'  Excessive  acuteness  of  the  sense  of 
sight.  Instances  have  occurred  where  persons 
could  see  the  stars  in  the  day  time.    The  causo 


is  seated  in  great  sensibility  of  the  retina.  The 
term  has  been  used  synonymously  with  nycta- 
lopia. 

OXYOSPHRESIA,  Oxywphra'sia,  from  ©fti* 
'  acute/  and  oc$pr><ns,  'smell  Excessive  acuteness 
of  the  sense  of  smell. 

OXYPHLEGMA'SIA,  ofyUynacta,  Acu'ta  et 
vehement  injlamma'tio.  A  violent  inflammation. 
OXYPH<ENICON,  Tamarindus. 
OXYPHONIA,  Vox  acu'ta;  from  o{v*  'sharp/ 
and  tmvn,  '  voice  ;'  Parapho'nia  clangens,  P,  ul- 
cer o' so,  Clangor,  Vox  clango'sa,  Lcptopho'nia. 
A  shrill  and  squalling  voice;  —  frequently,  a 
symptom  of  morbid  affection  of  the  larynx. 

OXYPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYPODIA,  see  Kyllosis. 

OXYPROTEIN,  see  Corium  phlogisticnm. 

OXYREG'MIA,  Buctus  ac"idu*,  from  ofvt, 
'  sour/  and  epevyw,  '  I  belch.'    Acid  eructation. 

OXYR'IA  RENIFORM'IS,  Bumex  dig"ynu; 
Boreal  sour  dock,  Mountain  Sorrel,  Welsh  sorrel. 
A  plant,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  digynia,  which  grows 
in  the  northern  parts  of  America  and  Europe; 
blossoming  in  the  spring.  It  possesses  the  same 
properties  as  oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYRRHOD'INON,  Ace'tum  rosa'tum,  from 
o£uf ,  '  acid/  and  pooov,  '  a  rose.'  A  composition 
of  vinegar  and  roses.  ( 01.  rosat.  Jij,  acet.  rotate 
3j.)    Used  as  a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 

OXYS,  Acetum,  Acid,  Acute— o.  Alba,  Oxalis 
acetosella. 

OXYSAC'CHARTJM,  from  ofa,  'acid/  and 
cmx^apov,  'sugar.'  A  mixture  of  sugar  and  vine- 
gar. It  was  called  Oxyac'charum  vomiti'vwn, 
when  it  held  in  solution  the  glass  of  antimony ; 
and  Oxytac'charum  scillit'icum,  when  it  contained 
squills. 

OXYSAL  DIAPHORET'ICUM  AN'GELI 
SALiE.  A  preparation  of  Angelo  Sala.  Ace- 
tate of  potass  exposed  to  the  atmosphere;  and 
consequently  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium.— 
Orfila. 

OXYTARTARUR,  Potassa)  acetas. 

OXYTES,  Acidities. 

OXYTOCIA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  Ra- 
pidi  ty  of  parturition.    Too  great  rapidity  of  birth. 

OXYTOCIC,  Oxy  focus,  from  ofrs, '  quick/  and 
rue™,  'I  bring  forth.'  A  medicine  which  pro- 
motes delivery. 

OXYTRIPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYUBE  VEBM1CULAIBE,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OYSTER  ROOT,  Tragopogon  —  o.  Shells,  Os- 
treao  testae— o.  Prepared,  Testa  progarata. 

OZJS'NA,  Coryza  enton'ica,  C.  purulen'ta,  Py- 
orrhoea nasa'lis,  Entoza'na,  C.  ozano'sa,  C.  vice- 
rot*a,  Coryza  vinden'ta,  C.  malig'na,  Bhini'tis 
ulcerosa,  (Ileus  na'n'umfcetens,  from  o£w,  'I  smell 
of  something.'  (F.)  Ozine,  Punaisie.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which  gives  oc- 
casion to  a  disagreeable  odour,  similar  to  that  of 
a  crushed  bed-bug;  hence  the  name  Punais,  by 
which  the  French  designate  one  labouring  under 
ozoena.  It  is,  sometimes,  owing  to  caries  of  tho 
bones ;  but  is,  perhaps,  most  frequently  depend- 
ent upon  syphilitic  ulceration  of  the  pituitary 
membrane,  with  or  without  caries  of  the  bones 
of  the  nose. 

OzjBna  Bexigna,  Coryza,  chronic 

OZE,  Breath,  offensive. 

OZEMAN,  Albumen. 

OZ&NE,  Oisena. 

OZONE :  same  etymon  as  Ocsena.    The  pow 
erfully  odorous  matter  produced  when  a  current 
of  ordinary  electricity  passes  from  pointed  bodies 
into  the  air. — Schb'nbein. 


63* 


paut 


p. 


P.  A  contraction  of  Pugi&u*.      1 

P.  fr  A  contraction  of  Partes     g6e  Abbre_ 

P.  P?  A°  contraction  of  Pulvis        Tiatioiu 
patrum.  J 

PAB'ULUM,  TVopte,  PAorte,  AKiaen'ltiflt,  JV«- 
trimen'tum.  Food,  aliment  The  animal  heat 
and  animal  spirits — unmeaning  terms — were  for- 
merly considered  the  Pabulum  vita. 

PACAY,  Prosopis  dulcis. 

PACCHIO'NI,  GLANDS  OP,  Glan'dulaDurm 
Matris,  0.  dura  Menin'gis,  Tuber*  culaparva  du- 
ra matris,  Cor'pora  glandi/or'mia  dura  matris, 
(P.)  Granulations  cSrSbrales.  Small,  whitish,  or 
yellowish  bodies,  sometimes  separate,  at  others 
united  like  a  bunch  of  grapes,  which  are  ob- 
served in  several  parts  of  the  dura  and  pia  mater. 
They  receive  vessels,  but  apparently  no  nerves. 
Their  texture  and  uses  are  unknown.  A  con- 
siderable number  is  observed  in  the  longitudinal 
sinus,  covered  by  the  internal  membrane. 

PACHiE'MIA,  Pachya'mia,  Pacha' ma,  Pa- 
chya'ma,  from  ita^ys,  '  thick/  and  'aipa,  '  blood. 
Too  great  thickness  of  the  blood. 

PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS,  Pacheableph'ara, 
Pachybleph'aron,    Pachyblepharo'sis,   Pach'ytes, 
from  ragvr,  'thick/  and  pXt+apw,  'an  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  a  thickening 
of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  exores- 
oences  formed  on  their  margins.    It  is  the  same 
affection  as  that  which  Sauvages  designates  Ca- 
lx'go  &  Pacheablepharo'ei. 
PACHETOS,  see  Laqueus. 
PACHULOSIS,  Pachylosis. 
PACHYjEMIA,  Pachaemia. 
PACHYBLEPHARON,  Pacheablepharosis. 
PACHYCHOL'IA,  from  vax*s,  'thick/  and 
gpAifc  '  bile.'    Morbid  thickness  of  the  bile. 

PACHYLO'SIS,  Pachulo'sis,  from  ira^»f, 
*  thick.'  An  inordinate  production  of  the  epi- 
dermis dependent  upon  hypertrophy  of  the  pa* 
pill©  of  the  skin. — E.  Wilson. 

PACHYNSIS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PACHYNTICA,  Incrassantia. 

PACHY8MUS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PACHYTES,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 

PACKING,  OF  THE  HYDROPATHISTS  ; 
Bmaillotage. 

PACKWAX,  see  Micha. 

PAD,  (S.)  Pajado,  from  paja,  'straw/  Plu- 
mace'olus,  Pulvil'lus,  Pulvin'ulus,  Parvum  pul- 
vi'nar; — a  cushion,  a  little  cushion;  a  junk;  (F.) 
Coussinet.  A  small  bag,  filled  with  feathers, 
wool,  hair,  bran,  chaff,  Ac.  It  is  used  to  com- 
press or  support  parts.  In  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  by 
the  French  Rtmplissages,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that  the 
prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the  splints. 

PADDIE,  see  Orysa. 

PADDY,  see  Orysa. 

PADNOON,  Bit  noben. 

PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal,  sul- 
phureous springs ;  the  hottest  of  which  u  188° 
Fabr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano,  Bat- 
taglia,  and  Montegrotto. 

PAD  US,  Prunus  padus — p.  Avium,  Prunus 
padus  —  p.  Laurocerasus,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

PJRDAN'CHONfi,  from  xais,  ratios,  'a  child,' 


and  *yx»i  '  I  strangle  /  AngVna  Sicca.  Name 
of  a  fatal  specie*  of  eynanche,  mentioned  by  M. 
A.  Severinus;  probably  the  Cynanche  Trackealie, 
or  Cynanche  Maligna. 

PjEDARTHROCACB,  Spina  ventota. 

P^DATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  infan'tilis,  Ma- 
ras'mus  lactan'tium,  from  *oi(,  niies,  'a  child,' 
a,  privative,  and  Tpo+n,  '  nourishment.'  Atrophy 
of  children.    Tabes  mesenteric*. 

Pjedatbophia  Glahditlosa,  Scrofula. 

PADERAS'TIA,  Padogo'gium,  Pcdtca'Ho, 
Cina'dia,  from  rat*  'a  boy/  and  terns,  'lore.* 
The  love  of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion,  com- 
mon in  ancient  times,  but  now  unknown.  These 
terms  are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of  sodomy. 

P.£DFA,  vai&ue,  'learning.'  Educa'tio  tn- 
f an' turn.  The  bringing  up  or  education — phy- 
sical as  well  as  moral  — of  children. 

PiEDIATRI'A,  Padiat'rica,  from  watt,'* 
child/  and  tarpua, '  medical  management.'  Treat- 
ment of  the  diseases  of  children. 

PJBDICATIO,  Paderastia. 

P^DICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

PEDOBAROMACROMETER,  Baxomacro- 
meter. 

PiEDOGOGIUM,  Psederastia. 

PEDOMETER,  Baromacrometer. 

PEDON'OSUS,  from  *«c,  *«&;,  'a  ehiM/ 
and  vo<ros,  '  disease.'    A  disease  of  childhood. 

PEDOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  ™,$,  'a  chad,' 
4>\vl,  '  a  vein/  and  romn.,  'incision.*  Venasteftui 
puero'rum.    Bleeding  performed  on  children. 

PEDOT'RIBES,  Minister  Gymnast*,  from 
trait,  'a  child/  and  rpc/fo,  'I  train.'  In  ancient 
gymnastics,  the  officer  acquainted  with  all  the 
prescribed  exercises,  and  who  earned  them  into 
effect,  according  to  the  directions  of  the  superior. 

PJSO'NIA,  P.  officinalis  sen  mas'cuia  sou  ««- 
mora'lis  seu  fem'ina  sou  loba'ta,  Glyciefide\  Ha- 
maao'gum,  Pe'ony,  or  P?ony,  male  and  female* 
(F.)  Pivoine,  Pione.  The  root,  flowers,  and  seeds 
were  long  esteemed  powerful  medicine*.  They 
are  feebly  astringent,  and  have  been  considered 
to  be  narcotic  and  antispasmodic  They  have 
been  given,  particularly,  in  intermittents  and 
epilepsy,  but  are  not  now  used.  The  flowers  an 
called  Rosa  benedic'ta,  R.  re'gia* 

PjEONICE,  Medicine. 

PEONICUS,  MedicaL 

PEONIUS,  Medical. 

PJEOSYNE,  Medicine. 

PAGAPOPLEX'IA,  from  *eyur,  'to  nail  cast,' 
and  aiorXtfita, '  apoplexy.'    Apoplexy  from  cold. 

PAIDIA,  Infancy. 

PAIDION,  Infans. 

PAIQIL,  Primula  veris. 

PAIN,  (old  F.)  painer,  'to  torment;*  Sax. 
pinan,  'to  torture.'  Dolor,  Algos,  Alae'ma,  AU 
ge'do,  Alge'sis,  Od'yni,  (F.)  Douleur.  A  disa- 
greeable sensation,  which  scarcely  admits  of  de- 
finition. It  is  generally  symptomatic,  and  is 
called  acute,  (F.)  aigui,  when  very  violent;  «■>- 
gent,  (F.)  pongitive,  when  it  resembles  that  waiea 
would  be  produced  by  a  sharp  instrument  ran 
into  the  part:  heavy,  (F.)  gravativr,  when  at- 
tended with  a  sensation  of  weight;  tensive,  when 
the  part  seems  distended:  lancinating,  when  oc- 
curring in  shoots :  lacerating  or  tearing,  when 
the  part  seems  to  be  tearing :  burning,  (F.)  fcrA- 
lante,  when  resembling  that  produced  bj  a  baza, 
Ac 


?AIK 


6S3 


PALATINE 


Pact,  Suit,  Hemicrania. 

PAIN,  see  Triticum— p.  &  Coueou,  Oxalis  ace- 
tosella — p.  de  Madagascar,  Jatropha  manihot — 
p.  de  Pourceau,  Cyclamen. 

PAINS,  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 

Pains,  Gnawing,  DoWres  roden'tss.  Pains  re- 
sembling what  might  be  produced  by  the  gnaw- 
ing of  an  animal.  * 

Pains,  Labour  pain*,  Throes,  Throw,  Partu- 
rien'tis  dolo'res,  Odin,  Odis,  Dolo'res  ad  par  turn, 
Torm'ina  parturientium,  (F.)  Mai  <f  Enfant,  Dou- 
hmrs.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
oalled  grinding ;  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  ooagula,  Ac,  are  termed  Afar  paint,  Do- 
lo'res  seu  Tormina  pott  partem,  D.  puerpera'rum, 
(F.)  Tranchies  uUrines. 

"  To  take  a  pain,"  — "To  try  a  pain,"— is  to 
make  an  examination  per  vaginam,  during  la- 
bour, to  discover  its  progress,  character,  Ac. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede  and 
announce  labour,  mouehee;  those  which  accom- 
pany it,  douleurs  ;  and  those  which  ooour  imme- 
diately afterwards,  tranchies  ou  coliques. 

PAINT,  from  ping ere, pinctum,  'to  paint,'  (I.) 
pinto,  (F.j \  print;  Flymen' turn,  Fucus,  (F.)  Fard. 
A  name  given  to  different  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering  the 
■kin  softer.  The  substances  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose  are : — the  Subnitrate  of  Biemuth, 
(F.)  Blanc  de  fard.  A  spirituous  solution  of 
benzoin,  precipitated  by  water,  and  forming  Vir- 
gin'* milk,  (F.)  Lait  virginal;  the  red  or  rouge 
of  the  carthamus;  Spanish  white;  the  oxides  of 
lead,  tin,  and  mercury,  vermilion,  red  saundera, 
Ac.  All  paints  may  be  said  to  be  noxious.  They 
injure  the  skin ;  obstruct  perspiration ;  and,  thus, 
frequently  lay  the  foundation  for  outaneous  affec- 
tions.   See  Cosmetic. 

Paint,  Indian,  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  Sangui- 
naria,  Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

PALESTRA,  Gymnasium. 

PAL  ATS,  Palate. 

PALATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  Pala'tum,  Hypero'a,  Hypero'um, 
UranWcos,  Roof  of  the  mouth,  Fossa  Palati'na, 
Palatum  stab'ili,  Hard  Palate,  (F.)  Palais.  The 
upper  part  of  the  cavity  of  the  mouth ;  a  kind  of 
parabolic  vault,  formed  by  the  two  superior  max- 
illary bones,  and  the  two  palate  bones  covered 
with  a  thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane: 
bounded,  before  and  at  the  sides,  by  the  superior 
dental  arch;  and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palatl. 
A  whitish  line  runs  along  the  middle,  from  be- 
fore to  behind;  at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which 
is  a  tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  anterior  palatine  canal.  The  arteries  of 
the  palate  and  corresponding  gums  proceed  from 
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar,  labial,  and 
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
course.  The  nerves  are  given  off  from  the  pala- 
tine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palate,  Arttfic"ial,  (F.)  Obturateur  du  Pa- 
lais. A  plate  of  tortoise-shell,  silver,  Ac,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Palate  Bone,  Os  Pala'ti,  Os  basila'rl,  (F.) 
Os  Palatin,  Os  du  Palais,  is  a  small  bone,  of  an 
Irregular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  nasal  fosses  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
gles to  each  other;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
horizontal; —  the  other,  superior  and  vertical* 


The  horiuontal  or  palatine  portion,  Arch  of  (JU 
palate,  is  quadrilateral.  Its  upper  surface  forma 
part  of  the  nasal  fossa ;  the  lower  forms  part  of 
the  palatine  arch,  and  contains  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  Its  anterior  edge 
is  articulated  with  the  palatine  process  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bone;  the  posterior  is  fret 
and  sharp.  It  gives  attachment  to  the  velum 
palati,  and  presents  an  eminence,  which,  when 
joined  with  one  on  the  opposite  side,  forms  the 
posterior  nasal  spine.  Its  inner  edge  is  articu- 
lated with  the  corresponding  bone;  its  outer  ia 
confounded  with  the  vertical  portion.  The  ver- 
tical or  ascending  portion  has  the  form  of  a  long 
square.  The  inner  surface  forms  part  of  the 
outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae.  Its  outer  sur- 
face is  unequal,  and  is  articulated  with  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone ;  behind,  it  presents  a  verti- 
cal groove,  which  forms  part  of  the  posterior 
palatine  canal ;  and,  above,  a  small  free  surface, 
which  looks  into  the  sygomatio  fossa.  Its  ante- 
rior edge  is  united  with  the  superior  maxillary 
bone ;  the  posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the 
internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle, 
which  it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  horizontal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tuberosity  of 
the  palate  bone.  Its  upper  margin  is  surmounted 
by  two  eminences ; — the  one,  anterior,  called  the 
orbitar  process;  —  the  other  posterior,  the  sphe- 
noid process.  These  two  processes  are  separated 
by  an  almost  circular  notch,  which  the  sphenoid 
bone  forms  into  a  foramen,  called  the  spheno- 
palatine. 

This  bone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a  single 
point  of  ossification.  It  is  articulated,  with  the 
sphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphenoidale,  su- 
perior maxillary  bone,  the  inferior  spongy  bone, 
the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Palate,  Cleft,  see  Harelip— p.  Falling  down 
of  the,  Uvulitis  —  p.  Fissured,  see  Harelip  —  p. 
Hard,  Palate — p.  Soft,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PAL'ATINE,  PaVatal,  Palati'nus,  Pal'atic, 
from  palatum,  '  the  palate.'  Relating  or  belong- 
ing to  the  palate. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Arteries  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into,  I.  The 
superior  palatal  or  palatine,  Palati'na  deseen'- 
dens  or  Pal'ato-max'illary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit;  de- 
scends into  the  pterygo-maxillary  fissure,  and 
enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its  branches 
are  distributed  to  the  velum  palati  and  the  nasal 
fosssB.  2.  The  inferior  or  ascending  palatine  or 
palatal,  whioh  is  very  small,  and  separates  from 
the  facial  near  its  origin.  It  passes  along  the 
lateral  and  superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  and  divides  into 
a  number  of  ramusouli,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  pharynx,  the  corresponding  tonsil,  the  Eus- 
tachian tube,  and  the  velum  palati. 

Palatine  Canals  or  Ducts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior,  Ductus  incisi'vu*  vet 
Nasa'lo-palaU'nus,  Inci'sivs  canal,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones.  It 
is  single  beneath,  but  opens  above  by  two  aper- 
tures, one  into  each  nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is 
called  Fora'menincisi'vwn  vol  F.  Palatinum  ante'- 
rius,  F.  Alveola'ri  ante'rius,  and  F.  cacum  ossis 
maxilla' ris  superio'ris.  The  posterior  palatine 
canal  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate. 
It  is  formed  by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary 
bones,  ascends  between  these  two  bones ;  and,  ia 
its  course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  acees*. 
sary  palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuber- 
osity of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves 
and  vessels  which  bear  its  name.    Tke  foramen 


PALATITS 


6*4 


PALMAfc 


is  called,  F.  Palati' num  porte'riui,  F.  Palato- 
maxilla'ri,  F.  alceola'ri  poete'riut. 

Palatini*  Membrane  is  the  fibro-mucous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the  month. 
Palatine  or  Palataii  Nerves,  Gutturo-pala- 
tine,  (Ch.)  are  three  in  number;  and  arise  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  sphenopalatine  ganglion. 
1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  in/6rieur,  (Ch.) 
ia  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two  others,  and  de- 
scends into  the  posterior  palatine  canal ;  gives  a 
natal  filament  and  a  etaphyline  filament,  and  is 
distributed  on  the  palate.  2.  The  middle  pala- 
tine, Guttural,  (Ch.,)  which  arises  behind  the  pre- 
ceding; enters  one  of  the  accessary  palatine  ca- 
nals, and  is  distributed  to  the  tonsils  and  velum 
palati.  3.  The  little  palatine  nerve,  situate  still 
more  backward  than  the  last,  which  loses  itself 
by  several  filaments  in  the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  fol- 
licles of  the  palatine  membrane. 

PALATITE,  Isthmitis. 

PALATITIS,  Uranisconitis. 

PALATO-GLOSSUS,  Glossostaphylinus. 

PALATO-PHARYNGEUS,PAaryn'0O-rfoi%- 
IVnue,  StaphylVno-pharyngem,  Thyro-pharyn'- 
go-*taphyli'nus,  part  of  the  Jfypero-pharyngeue, 
(V.)Pa lato-pharyngien,  Stylo-pharyngien i Ch . )  A 
membranous  muscle,  broader  at  its  middle  than 
at  its  extremities,  and  situate  vertically  in  the 
lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  palati. 
It  includes  the  perystaphylo-pharyngeus,  pha- 
ryngo-staphyUnu8,  and  thyro  -  staphylinus  of 
Winslow.  When  the  two  palato-pharyngei  con- 
tract together,  they  depress  the  velum.  They 
elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx,  and  act  princi- 
pally in  deglutition. 

PAL  A  TO-PHAR  YNGIEN,  Palato  -  pharyn- 
geus  —  p.  Balpingeus,  Circumflexus — p.  Salpin- 
gien,  Circumflexus. 

PALATOSTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle. 

PALATUM  FISSUM,  Hyperoochasma  —  p. 
Molle,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  p.  Pendulum, 
Velum  pendulum  palatL 

PALE,  Pollen. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  Och'rotee,  Ochro'ma, 
Ochri'ari*,  Leuco'sie,  Dealba'tio,  Luror,  (F.) 
Pdleur.  Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
.  blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and  is 
often  a  sign  of  disease. 

PALES  GOULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE,  (F.)  Pal'mula,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle ;  is  made  of  Very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Percy, 
for  what  is  called  the  Montage,  a  kind  of  pressure 
or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand  on  the  body 
and  limbs  to  excite  the  tone  of  the  skin  and  sub- 
jacent tissues. 

Palette  also  means  a  cup  for  bleeding,  and  the 
xiphoid  cartilage  (?). 

PALETTE  1  PANSEMENT.  A  small  splint 
of  thin,  scooped  wood,  having  the  shape  of  the 
hand,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in  certain 
eases — when  burnt,  for  example — in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  fingers  from  being  deformed  by  the  oica- 
trioes. 

PALETTE  DE  CABANIS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of  the  stylet  when  passed  into  the  nose, 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  lachrymalis.  It  is 
composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced  with 
several  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other.  To 
use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into  the 
nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  corres- 
pond. When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  received 
Into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by  sliding  one 
•f  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is  easily  withdrawn. 


PALETJR,  Paleness. 

PALI  PLAGUE,  see  Plague. 

PALILLO,  Campomanesia  lineatifolia. 

PALIMPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestri*. 

PALINCOTESIS,  Recrudescentia, 

PALINDROME,  Palindromia. 

PALINDROM'IA,  Palin'dromi,  from  nkt, 
'  again/  and  opoftm,  '  a  course.'  This  word  sig- 
nifies, with  some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exte- 
rior towards  the  interior ;  and,  according  to  others 
the  relapse  of  an  affection  — the  recurrence— Jfo- 
cur'eio,  Repetii"io— of  a  paroxysm  or  disease,— 
Morbus  recidi'vue,  Morbi  recur'tn*. 

PALINGENESIA,  Regeneration. 

PALLIA'TION,  PaUia'tio,  from  pallian,  'to 
cover,  mask/  from  pallium,  'a  mantle.'  These! 
of  palliating  —  that  is,  of  causing  the  symptom* 
of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without  curing  it  The 
medical  art  can  frequently  only  moderate  the 
symptoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it  from  making 
progress,  prolong  the  days  of  the  patient,  and  di- 
minish his  sufferings.  This  is  hpalliatiw  trtol- 
ment. 

PAL'LIATIVE,  Palliate™*,  AntipatVa, 
Enantiopatk'ic.  A  remedy  or  mode  of  treatment, 
which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without  curing  it 
The  palliative  treatment —  Cura  palliatVta,* 
placed  in  antithesis  to  the  radical,  Cara  radica'lit; 
see  Radical. 

PALLIDULUS,  Blafard. 
PALLID  US  MORBUS,  Chlorosis. 
PALLOR,  Paleness  — p.  Virginum,  Culorosa 
PALM,  Palma,  Vola,  V.  manO;  Platt'a,  The- 
nar, Ages,  Agoe'tue,  Poc'ttlum,  Pat'era,  SupelUi 
seu  Snpcllec'tili  Diog"eni;  (F.)  Pauwe  outYttt 
de  la  main.     The  hollow  or  inside  of  the  hand. 
It  is  limited,  without,  by  the  thenar  eminence, 
which  answers  to  the  thumb ;  within,  by  the  by* 
pothenar  eminence,  which  answers  to  the  little 
finger;  above,  by  the  wrist-joint;  and,  Mo*,ty 
the  four  fingers. 

PALMA  CHRISTI,  Ricinus  conMBsnie-P- 
Cocos,  Cocos  nucifera — p.  Dactylifera,  Date  tree 
— p.  Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca — p.  Ungnentan- 
orum,  Mvrobalanus. 

PALMjE  U'TERI  PLICA'TJE,  Arbor  n/« 
uteri'mte,  A.  u'teri  piv'ifcane.  The  arborescest 
striae  in  the  interior  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

PALM  AIRE  CUTANJS,  Palmaris  brens-f 
Grand,  Pnlmaris  magnus  —  p.  Grile,  Palmani 
longus  — p.  Long,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,  Palma'ris,  from  palma,  'the  na» 
of  the  hand.'  That  which  concerns  the  palm  « 
the  hand.  The  palm  haa,  sometimes,  been  di- 
vided into  three  regions,  called  palmar.  1.  Tw 
external  palmar  region  corresponds  to  the  thenar 
eminence.  2.  The  internal  patmar  r*y*(*  * 
formed  by  the  hypothenar  eminence :  and,  3.  Tee 
middle  palmar  region  is  the  hollow  of  the  haa* 
(F.)  Creux  de  la  main.  < 

Palmar  Aponeurosis,  Palmar  /"?"*' 
strong  triangular  aponeurosis,  which  arises  w* 
the  inferior  tendon  of  the  palmaris  brevis,  an* 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpna  1* 
covers  the  whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adhere* 
somewhat  strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  I* 
palmar  ligament*  aro  small,  very  namer*** 
fibrous  fascia?,  which  unite  the  different  bona « 
the  carpus  and  metacarpus.  , 

Palmar  Arches,  (P.)  Arcades  on  ^f"^ 
mairee.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  radial  aw 
cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  o*"  the  hand.  Taere 
are  two  palmar  arches :  —  the  one  enbitM  or  at- 
perficial, — grande  Arcade  palmaire  of  Chans*** 
furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards  the  finger* 
the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers,  and  the  nr 
ternnl  collateral  of  the  thumb ;  the  other,  w 
radial,  profound,  or  deep-Mated,— ptHte  Art*" 


PALMARI8 


035 


PALXTDOSUS 


valmaire  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  the  palm  of  the 
nand  benoath  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles 
of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some  small  branches 
only  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  palmar  reins 
accompany  the  corresponding  arteries. 

Palmar  Arteries,  see  Palmar  arches — p. 
Fascia,  P.  aponeurosis. 

Palmar  Muscles.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1.  Palma'ris  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radio!  lis, 
Eadia'lis  intern' us,  (F.)  Epitroehlo-mitaearpien 
(Ch.),  Palmaire  grand.  Radial  anttrieur,  A  long 
fusiform  muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It  bends 
the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  longus,  Latescen'tis  chorda, 
XTlna'ris  grae"ilis,  (F.)  Epitrochlo-  carpi  -pal- 
maire (Ch.),  Palmaire  long,  P.  grile.  This  muscle 
Is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  last  It  is  very 
slender,  and  passes  from  the  inner  tuberosity  of 
the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of 
the  carpus,  and  to  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  which 
it  seems  to  form  by  the  vanishing  of  its  fibres.  It 
stretches  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  bends  -the 
hand.  3.  Palmaris  Precis,  Caro  quadra'ta,  Car- 
pits' us,  (F.)  Palmaire  cutanS.  A  small,  thin, 
quadrilateral  muscle;  situate  before  the  thenar 
eminence.  It  passes  from  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus  to  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contractions. 

Palmar  Veins,  see  Palmar  arches. 

PALMARIS  BREVIS,  see  Palmar  muscles  — 
p.  Longus,  see  Palmar  muscles  —  p.  Magnus,  see 
Palmar  muscles. 

PALMETTO,  SAW,  Chamasrops  serratula. 

PALMI-PHALANQIENS,  Lumbricales  ma- 
nus. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 

PALMOSCOP'IA,  from  waXpos,  'palpitation/ 
and  aKortm,  '  I  view.'  Investigation  of  the  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  pulse.  Prognosis  from  the 
beating  of  the  heart  and  pulse. 

PALMULA,  Date,  Palette. 

PALMUS,  Palpitation— p.  Cordis,  Palpitation 
—  p.  Plumbarius,  Colic,  metallio  —  p.  Vomitus, 
Vomiting. 

PALO  DE  CALENTURAS,  Calentures. 

PALOS  DE  CALENTURA,  Cinchona. 

PALPA'TION,  from  (F.)  palper,  to  feel.  The 
sense  of  touch.  It  is  also  used  for  the  mode  of 
exploring  disease  by  feeling  or  pressing  upon  the 
diseased  organ. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed  to  be  from  palpitare, 
'to  palpitate,'  owing  to  its  frequent  motion  (?) 
Bleph'aron,  Operculum  sen  Cobper'culum  oc'uli, 
Eyelid,  (F.)  Paupihre.  The  eyelids  are  two 
movable  Vela,  situate  in  front  of  the  eye ;  which 
by  their  separation  permit  the  organ  to  receive 
the  impression  of  light,  or  by  their  greater  or  less 
occlusion  protect  it  from  the  influence  of  too 
great  light,  or  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bo- 
dies. They  are  separated,  above,  from  the  fore- 
head, by  the  eyebrows;  and,  below,  are  eon- 
founded  with  the  cheeks.  They  are  distinguished 
into  upper,  Pafpebra  major  sen  superior,  EpieyV- 
ium,  —  and  lower,  Palpebra  minor  sen  inferior, 
ffypoeas'lis,  Hypocoz'lum,  Hypoe'ylum.  The  for- 
mer is  much  broader  and  more  movable  than  the 
latter.  They  are  separated  by  a  transverse  cleft ; 
and  their  edges  are  thick,  and  furnished  with  the 
cilia  or  eyelashes.  Supported  by  the  tarsal  car- 
tilages, they  unite  at  the  extremities  of  the  trans- 
Terse  diameter  of  the  orbit,  forming  two  angles, 
the  innermost  being  called  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye,  or  inner  or  greater  eanthue ;  the  other, 
the  letter  or  external  angle  or  eanthus.  They  are 
formed,  1.  Of  a  thin  dermoid  texture :  2.  Of  a 
muscular  membrane,  —  a  portion  of  the  orbicu- 


laris :  3.  Of  a  particular  fibrous  membrane :  I.  Of 
the  tarsi:  5.  Of  a  mucous  membrane, —  apart  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva. 
Their  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  Palpebral. 
Palpebra  Inferior  Extrorsum  Flexa,  Ec- 
tropion—  p.  Tertia,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PALPEBRiB  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS,  Le- 
vator palpebra?  superioris. 

PAL'PEBRAL,  Palpebral,  from  palpebra, 
1  the  eyelid.'  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  eyelid. 

Palpebral  Arteries  are  those  distributed  to 
the  eyelids.  They  are  two  in  number ;  an  upper 
and  a  lower.  The  former  arises  from  the  oph- 
thalmia, a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous  pulley 
of  the  greater  oblique  muscle,  and  descends  to- 
wards the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it  is  distri- 
buted. The  latter  arises  at  the  Bide  of,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends  its  rami- 
fications to  the  lower  eyelid  and  the  neighbouring 
parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have  a  similar  ar- 
rangement; except  that  some  of  them  open  into 
the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpebral   Flux,  Puriform.     A  puriform 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibomi- 
us,  when  inflamed ;  and  to  which  Scarpa  attri- ' 
butes  fistula  lachrymalis,  in  many  cases. 

Palpebral  Ligaments  are  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior.  Some  anatomists,  with 
Winslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  wnioh  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit ;  on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  cartilages. 

Palpebral  Nerves,  Nerves  of  the  eyelids, 
arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lachry- 
mal branches;  from  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and  infra- 
orbitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve. 

PALPEBRALIS,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS  RECTUS, Le- 
vator palpebra  superioris  —  p.  Duo  musculi,  Or- 
biculares  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRATIO,  Nictation. 

PALPITATIO,  Palpitation  —  p.  Arteriarum, 
see  Palpitation  —  p.  Cordis  trepidans,  Cardio- 
tromus. 

Palpitatio  Mkmbro'rpm.  A  term  used  by 
Gaubius  for  involuntary  shaking  of  the  legs. 

PALPITA'TION,  Palpita'tio,  Palmus,  P.  Cor. 
dis,  Palpita'tio  sen  Pulsn'tio  Cordis,  Tremor  Cor- 
dis, Vibra'tio  Cardi'aea  seu  Cordis,  Cardiog'mus, 
Cnrdiopal'mus,  Subsul'tio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio, 
(F.)  Palpitation,  P.  du  Cosur.  A  name  given  to 
the  pulsations  of  the  heart,  when  they  become 
stronger,  more  extensive,  or  more  sensible  to  the 
individual,  than  ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur 
in  a  number  of  affections.  They  are,  sometimes, 
owing  to  organic  diseases  of  the  heart,  hypertro- 
phy, inflammation,  Ac ;  at  others,  to  a  disease 
in  some  other  viscus;  whilst,  frequently,  they 
are  merely  nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  Arterio'sa. 

PALPITATION  DU  C(EVR,  Palpitation. 

PALSIED,  Paralytic 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palsy,  Lead,  ParaVysis  satumi'na,  P.  metal', 
lica,  (F.)  Paralysis  saturnine.  Metal' lie  Palsy, 
Painters'  Palsy.  The  paralysis  of  the  upper  ex- 
tremities especially,  induced  by  the  poison  of 
lead. 

Palst,  Metallic,  see  Palsy,  lead  —p.  Paint- 
ers', P.  lead  —  p.  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitans— 
p.  Trembling,  Paralysis  agitnns. 

PALTA,  Persea  gatissima. 

PALUDAL,  Elodes. 

PALUDAPIUM,  Apium  graveolens.  >~ 

PALUDOSUS,  Elodes.  -*** 


PALTJS 


6S6 


PANDEMY 


PALXJS,  Marsh,  Penis — p.  Sanctas,  Ouaiacum. 

PAMBIOMA,  Panbioma, 

PAMOISON,  Syncope. 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS,  Corpus  pampini- 
forme. 

PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS,  see  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme. 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  wav,  'all/ 
and  ffAr/yw,  '  I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  Cathol'icon,  Cathol'icum,  from  trav, 
'all/  and  aKtapat,  'I  cure.'  Universalis  reme'- 
dium,  Panckres'tos.  A  pretended  universal  re- 
medy.    There  is  no  such  thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  Holsatla,  Potasses  sulphas 
— p.  Duplicate,  Potass®  sulphas — p.  Lapsorum, 
Arnica  m on  tana  —  p.  Mercurialis,  Hydrargyri 
submarias  —  p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydnrgyri  ni- 
trico-oxidura — p.  Pectoris,  Glechoma  hederacea 
—p.  Vcgetabilis,  Crocus. 

PANA'DA,  diminutive  of  Ital.  pan€f  'bread/ 
(Lot.  panis,)  Pana'ta,  Panatel'la.  Bread,  boiled 
in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap»  Sometimes 
administered  to  the  sick. 

Simple  Bread  Panada  may  be  made  by  put- 
ting any  quantity  of  grated  stale  bread  into 
enough  water  to  form  a  moderately  thick  pulp ; 
covering  it  up,  and  leaving  it  to  soak  for  an 
hour ;  then  beating  it  up  with  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  milkf  and  a  small  portion  of  refined  sugar,  and 
boiling  the  whole  for  ten  minutes,  stirring  all  the 
time. 

PANARIS,  Paronychia. 

PANARITIUM,  Paronychia, 

PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANATA,  Panada. 

PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX  COSTINUM,  Pastinaea  opoponax— 
p.  Heracleum,  Pastinaea  opoponax — p.  Pastina- 
cea,  Pastinaea  opoponax. 

Panax  Quixqubfo'liuv,  Aurelia'na  Cana- 
densis, Ara'Ua  Canadensis,  Ginseng,  Ninsing, 
Oensang,  Rcdberry,  Five-fingers,  Family,  Ara- 
liacesa.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Moncecia.  This 
plant  grows  in  Tortary  and  North  America.  The 
root  is  about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger ;  an 
inch  or  two  in  length,  often  dividing  into  two 
branches ;  of  a  whitish-yellow  colour ;  wrinkled 
on  the  surface,  and  of  a  compact,  almost  horny, 
texture.  It  has  no  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste, 
combined  with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bitter- 
ness. It  is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese,  who 
pay  a  high  price  for  it  It  is  a  gentle  and  agree- 
able stimulant. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pambio'ma,  from  ro,  '  all/  and 
fitss,  'life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 

PANCIIRESTOS,  Panacea. 

PANCHYMAGO'GUM,  Pantago'gon,  from  rav, 
'all,'  xv/tot,  'juice/  and  ay»,  'I  drive  away.'  A 
medicine  which  the  ancients  believed  capable  of 
purging  away  all  sorts  of  humours. 

Panchtxagooux  Minerals,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
marias. 

PANC<ENOSUS,  Pandemia 

PANC(ENUS  (MORBUS),  Pandemia 

PANCRATIUM,  Pancreas. 

PAN'CREAS,  from  m,  'all/  and  *put,  'flesh ;' 
L  e.  'quite  fleshy.'  Collie' r ecu,  Pancra'tium, 
Pan'creum,  Lactes,  Pulvi'nar  oentri'culi,  Totum 
carno'eum,  Oland'ula  saliva' lie  abdominis,  Pan- 
cre'ni.  A  glazd,  deeply  seated  in  the  abdomen, 
and  lying  transversely  on  the  vertebral  column, 
between  the  three  curvatures  of  the  duodenum, 
behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the  right  of  the  spleen. 
Its  left  extremity  is  called  the  tail  of  the  pan- 
creas ;  it  is  smaller  than  the  right,  which  is  called 
the  head.    At  its  right  portion,  it  has,  almost 


always,  a  greater  or  less  prolongation ;  called,  by 
Winslow,  and  some  others,  the  lesser  pancreas, 
(P.)  Petit  pancrias,  Pancreas  of  Asclli,  Pancreas 
minus.  The  pancreas  resembles  the  salivary 
glands  in  structure,  and  has  been  called  the  Ab- 
dominal Salivary  Oland.  It  is  composed  of  lobes) 
and  granulated  lobules,  distinct,  and  united  bj 
areolar  tissue.  From  each  of  the  granulations 
of  these  lobes  arise  the  radicles  of  its  excretory 
duct,  which  are  very  delicate,  and  united  like 
veins.  The  duct  itself,  Ductus  Pancreatic*** 
Canal  or  Duct  of  Wirsung  or  Wirsungs,  (P.) 
Canal  pancrfatique,  proceeds  in  a  serpentine) 
course  through  the  substance  of  the  organ;  and 
when  it  has  reached  behind  the  second  portion 
of  the  dnodenum,  it  becomes  free,  and  is  of  the 
size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It  opens  at  an  acute  angle) 
into  the  choledoch  duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it, 
opening  separately  into  the  duodenum.  The 
Pancreatic  arteries  are  very  numerous  and  small. 
They  proceed  from  the  coeliac,  splenic,  superior 
mesenteric,  right  gastroepiploic,  ooronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  radicles  of  the  vena  porta;  and,  particularly, 
into  the  splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nerves 
emanate  from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  lympha- 
tics pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its 
name.  The  pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic 
juice,  Succus  6eu  Liquor  Pancreat'icMS,  Lympka 
Pancrea'tis,  which  resembles  the  saliva. 

Pancreas  of  Aselli,  see  Pancreas  —  p.  Mi- 
nus, see  Pancreas — p.  Petit,  see  Pancreas  —  p. 
Second,  Brunner*s  glands. 

PANCREATALGIA,  from  xaytptac,  'the pan- 
creas/ and  aXyot,  'pain.'  Pain  or  disease  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  *«?«?«<• 
'the  pancreas/  and  tfifpaoeu,  'I  obstruct.'  Ob- 
struction of  the  pancreas. 

PANCREAT'IC,  Pancreat'icus.  Same  etymon 
as  Pancreas.  Relating  to  or  affecting  the  pan- 
creas. 

Pancreatic  Arteries,  see  Pancreas — p.  Duct, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Juice,  see  Pancreas — p.  Nerve*, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Veins,  see  Pancreas. 

Pancreat'ic  Sarco'ma  or  Ab'erxetht,  J5W- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  pancreat'icvm.  A  tumour,  in 
irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose  fibrous  sab- 
stance,  liko  the  irregular  masses  of  the  pancreas. 
Found  in  the  areolar  substance ;  but,  more  nsa- 
ally,  in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly  in  the  female 
breast 

PANCREATITIS,  Inflamma'tio  pancrrm'tie, 
(F.)  Inflammation  du  Pancrias.  Inflammation 
of  the  pancreas;  —  on  affection,  the  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  ravest**,  'the  pan- 
creas/ and  uios,  'appearance.  Pmncr^atoi'dts, 
A  tumour  resembling  the  pancreas  m  structure. 

PANCREATON'CUS,  from  mytpeac,  'the  pan* 
ereas/  and  oyxof,  'a  swelling/  Tumour  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCRENE,  Pancreas. 

PANCREUM,  Pancreas. 

PANDA'LEA,  Panda'Uum.  A  kind  of  losenga 
used  by  the  Arabian  physicians. 

PANDALEUM,  Pandalea. 

PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia, 

PANDEMIA,  Pandemic 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan' demy,  Pandemia,  ***** 
Pande'mius  seu  Pande'mus  seu  Panca^nns,  Pctn- 
cceno'sus,  (F.)  Pandimie;  from  var,  'all,'  and 
irjuof,  'people.'  An  epidemic  which  attacks  the 
whole  population. 

PAND&MIE,  Pandemic 

PANDEMY,  Pandemia 


PANDICULATION 


63* 


PAPAVER 


PANDICULATION,  PandituWHo,  Seordin*'- 
RVB,  ScordinWrnua,  Clonus  Pandieula'tio,  from 
pandere,  *  to  stretch  out.'  Stretching,  Hal' ice*, 
(pL)  An  action,  which  constate  in  elevating  the 
upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the  head  and  trunk 
backwards,  at  the  same  time  that  the  lower  limbs 
are  extended.  This  series  of  motions  of  the  ex- 
tensor muscles  is  in  some  measure  independent 
of  the  will,  and  is  accompanied  with  yawning, 
which  is  equally  involuntary.  In  the  state  of 
health,  strotching  occurs  before  and  after  sleep; 
especially  when  we  are  fatigued.  It  is  also  ob- 
served at  the  onset  of  certain  paroxysms  of  fever! 
hysteria,  Ac. 

PANDOCE'TJM,  Pandoehi'um,  Pandcx/ium, 
from  xav,  '  all/  and  fegcrfai,  '  to  receive.'  An  inn 
that  receives  all  classes.  A  general  hospital,  or 
one  that  admits  all  cases. 

PANDOCHIUM,  Pandoeeum. 

PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANHIDROSIS,  from  *«v,  'all,'  and  'iSessmt, 
'  sweating.'  Sudor  universalis.  Sweating  over 
the  whole  body. 

PANHYPEREMIA,  Plethora. 

PANIC AUT,  Eryngium  oampostro  p.  Mari- 
time, Eryngium  maritimum. 

PANIC  GRASS,  ITALIAN, Panicum Itallcnm. 

PAN'ICUM  ITAL'ICUM,/toJ'ta»Pa*fc  Grow, 
Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corny  Barbadoes  Millet, 
Mil'ium  In'dicum,  Sorghum,  Holcus  Sorghum,  (F.) 
Millet  des  oiseaux.  Nat.  Ord.  Grammese.  The 
seed — Mil' ii  Sem'ina — are  mnoh  esteemed  in 
Italy,  being  a  constant  ingredient  in  soups,  and 
made  into  a  variety  of  forms  for  the  table. 

Pakicdm  Milia'ceum,  P.mil'ium,  Common  Mil- 
let, Milium,  M.  Pan'icum  sen  Esculentum,  Gen- 
ehron,  Cenchrus,  (F.)  MiUot  ordinaire.  Millet- 
seed  are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet,  and 
are  often  made  into  puddings. 

Panicum  Milium,  P.  miliacenm. 

PANI8  CANICACEUS,  see  Canicse— p.  Ciba- 
rius  seu  secundarius,  Synoomistos —  p.  Cuculi, 
Oxalis  acetosella  —  p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 

PANIV'OROUS,  Panit/orus,  from  pants, 
'bread,'  and  voro,  'I  devour.*  Subsisting  on 
bread. 

PANNT,  Swathing  clothes. 

PANNICULE  CHABNU,  Panniculos  car- 
nosus. 

PANNICULU8,  diminutive  of  pannus,  cloth. 
A  piece  of  fine  cloth.    Pterygfon. 

Parhiculub  Adipobub,  Cellular  membrane. 

Pakkiculus  Carro'bus,  Tu'niea  earnosa,  Mus- 
cular Web,  Mantle,  (F.)  PannieuU  ehamue,  is  a 
general  covering  found  in  the  quadruped,  and 
formed  by  a  thin,  subcutaneous  muscle,  which 
serves  to  move  the  skin.  It  exists  only  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  human  body,  —  as  in  the  fore- 
head, where  it  is  formed  by  the  oeciplto-frontalis; 
in  the  neek,  by  the  platysma  myoides ;  and,  in 
the  scrotum,  by  the  oremaster  muscle. 

Pakniculus  Cordis,  Pericardium — p.  Hyme- 
nssus,  Hymen — p.  Vaginalis,  Hymen. 

P ANNUS.  A  piece  of  cloth.  This  word  has 
several  other  meanings,  many  of  which  are  equi- 
vocal It  means  a  tent  for  a.  wound,  and,  also, 
an  irregular  naevus  or  mark  on  the  skin. — Cas- 
tellL  Modern  ophthalmologists  apply  it  to  an 
opake  and  vascular  condition  of  the  anterior 
membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably  pro- 
duced by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or  strumous 
ophthalmia,  or  by  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebulous,  covered 
with  red  vessels,  and  opake.  At  times,  the  scle- 
rotic conjunctiva  undergoes  a  similar  change  to 
that  which  occurs  in  the  corneal  portion. 

Parvus  Hepaticub,  Chloasma— p.  Lenticul*- 
lis,  Bphelides. 


PANOCHIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Pantophobia,  Panphobia, 
Pavopho'bia,  Athym'ia,  Pavor,  (F.)  Frajfeur  noc- 
turne, Souci,  from  Ilav,  'the  god  Pan,'  and  **#*, 
'fear.'  A  panic  or  fear  inspired  by  the  god  Pan, 
according  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients.  Some 
derive  it  from  mr,  'all,'  and  ?o0ot,  'fear.'  This 
is  sometimes  morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of  me- 
lancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMITIS,  from  war,  'all,'  *nd 
ophthalmitis,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPHOBIA,  Pedophobia, 

PANPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 

PANSCLBRCSI8,  from  r«v,  'all,'  and  skXv 
pm+tt,  'hardness.'  Complete  induration  of  a  part. 

PANSEMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES,  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPERMIA,  frommv,  'all,'  and  **tam«, 
'  sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  disseminated 
over  all  space,  undergoing  development  under 
favourable  circumstances. 

PANTAGOGON,  Panehymagogum. 

PANTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  wow,  rarro* 
'  all,'  and  anencepha'lia,  absence  of  brain.  En- 
tire absence  of  brain — the  same  as  anencephalia. 
— G.  St  Hilaire. 

PANTATROPHIA,  from  rat,  'all,'  and  arte- 
<pta,  '  atrophy.'    Universal  atrophy. 

PANTHOD'IC,  Panthod'icus,  from  vat,  rtavret, 
'  all,'  and  'o&os,  *  a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  to  a  course  of  nervous  action 
proceeding  from  one  point  in  all  directions  to 
every  other. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

PANTING,  Anhelatio. 

PANTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

PANTOPHAGISTS,  see  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,  Panophobia. 

PANTOZOOTIA,  Panzootia. 

PAN  US,  Phygethlon  —  p.  Fauoium,  Stomato- 
panus — p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PANZOftT'IA,  Pantosobtia;  from  ro,  'all,* 
and  £«ov,  'animal/  An  endemic  or  epidemio 
disease  affecting  animals  generally. 

PAP,  Nipple.  Also,  a  soft  food  made  of  bread 
boiled  or  softened  with  water. 

Pap,  op  thr  Throat,  Uvula. 

PAPAS  AMERICANUS,  Solannm  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  P.  •omnif'erum,  Meeon.  The 
White  Poppy,  Papaver  sati'vum,  (F.)  Pavot  dts 
Jardins.  fiamily  Papaveracese.  Sex.  SysL  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capbulr  or  thr 
WH1TR  POPPT,  Co'dia,  Kwita  or  ntiua,  Sca'vhion, 
Papav'eris  Caput  vol  Cap' tula,  Meeon,  Poppy- 
head,  is  used  in  fomentation  as  an  anodyne  and 
relaxant,  to  inflamed  or  ulcerated  parts.  The 
expressed  oil  of  the  seeds  is  called  by  the  Frenoh 
HuUe  a"  (Eillette.  It  is  from  the  poppy  that  Opium 
—  called,  also,  Opium  Theba'icum,  Mecc/nium, 
Opion,  Man**  Dei,  Affion,  Amphiam,  Afium,  Oso- 
ron,  Lau'danum,  Meeon,  Sopio — is  procured.  It  is 
the  milky  Juice  obtained  after  the  flowering  of 
the  plant,  by  making  longitudinal  incisions  in  die 
capsules  and  stalks.  It  is  commonly  obtained  from 
the  Levant  or  India,  where  the  poppy  grows  abun  • 
dantly.  Opium  is  a  compound  of  morphia,  nar- 
cotina,  meoonio  add,  eodeia,  narcein,  meconin, 
caoutchouc,  fecula,  resin,  oil,  and  several  other 
substances.  Turkey  Opium  is  of  a  heavy  and 
slightly  fetid  odour.  Its  taste  is  nauseous,  bitter, 
acrid,  and  warm:  it  is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and 
tenacious;  of  a  dark  brown  colour,  and  yellowish 
when  powdered;  making  a  light  brown,  inter- 
rupted streak  en  paper.    In  East  India  Opium, 


PAPAVERACEUM 


63* 


PAR 


the  odour  is  the  same,  and  empyreumatio ;  the 
taste  is  less  bitter,  bat  more  nauseous,  and  the 
colour  darker.  The  varieties  of  opium  known  in 
commerce  are  the  Smyrna,  the  Constantinople,  the 
Egyptian,  the  Perrian,  and  the  Indian,  Opium 
is  stimulant  in  small  doses ;  sedative,  in  large ; 
narcotic  and  anodyne;  operating  through  the 
nervous  system.  It  is  a  most  valuable  remedy 
in  all  painful  affections,  and  inflammations,  when 
given  so  as  to  produce  its  full,  sedative  effects, 
especially  in  peritonitis.  In  diarrhoea  and  dy- 
sentery, it  acts  as  an  astringent;  in  intermittent*, 
it  will  often  prevent  the  paroxysm.  In  typhus, 
in  small  doses,  it  acts  as  a  cordial ;  in  larger,  it 
allays  irritation  and  produces  sleep.  When  ap- 
plied externally,  its  narcotic  effects  are  developed : 
and,  hence,  it  is  a  useful  application  to  irritable 
sores,  painful  tumours,  Ac.  Dose,  gr.  i  to  1  as  a 
stimulant;  gr.  j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papaver  Cereals,  P.  rhoeas  —  p.  Cornicula- 
tum,  Chelidonium  majus — p.  Erratioum,  P.  rhoeas 
— p.  Luteum,  Chelidonium  majus. 

Papaver  Nigrum.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  produoing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  Rhceas.  The  systematic  and  phar- 
macopoeia! name  of  the  Red  corn-poppy,  Corn 
roue,  Papaver  erraficum,  P.  cerea'U,  P.  rubrum, 
Rhcea*,  (F.)  CoquelicoU  The  heads  of  this  spe- 
cies, also,  contain  a  milky  juice  of  a  narcotic 
quality.  A  syrup  of  its  flowers  has  been  directed, 
which  has  been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  slightly 
soothing;  but  is  more  admired  for  its  colour  than 
for  any  other  property. 

PAPAVERACEUM,  Opiate. 

PAPAVERCULUM,  Meconium. 

PAPAVERINUM,  Codeine. 

PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  papaya. 

PAPA  YER,  Carica  papaya. 

PAPER,  BLISTERING,  see  Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium. 

PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 

PAPIL'LA,  P.  Mamma,  TheU,  Uberi*  apex: 

—  diminutive,  perhaps,  from  papa,  one  of  the 
earliest  cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  t»  a  craving 
for  food.  The  end  of  the  breast,  the  nipple.  An 
eminence  similar  to  a  nipple.  A  name  given  to 
small  eminences  more  or  less  prominent,  at  the 
surface  of  several  parts,  particularly  of  the  skin 
and  mucous  membranes,  in  which  latter  situation 
they  are  also  called  villi.  See  Villous.  They 
appear  formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the 
vessels  and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  in  some 
cases,  of  a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called 
Papilla  nervosa  seu  Ner*vea,  P.  Pyramida'U*, 
Nervous  papilla,  (P.)  Papille*  ou  Papille*  ner- 
veuee*,  Houppe*  nerveueee. 

Papilla  Lachrymalis,  see  Lachrymal  puncta 
— r.  Mammae,  Papilla. 

Paptlljg  Calyciformes,  see  Papilla)  of  the 
tongue — p.  Capitatoe,  see  Papilla*  of  the  tongue 

—  -p.  Circumvallatae.  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — 
p.  Conical,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue— p.  Conoi- 
dal,  see  Papilla)  of  the  tongue — p.,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian — p.  Filiform,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue 

—  p.  Fungiform,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p. 
Fungoid,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Papillje  of  the  KrDifEY,  (F.)  Jfamelon*  du 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  pelvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apiceB  of  the  cones — Pyramid*  of 
Jfalpighi,  Pyram'ide*  Malpighia'na  —  of  the  tu- 
bular substance  of  the  organ.  They  are  also 
called  ProecJeu*  tnamilla'rea,  Carun'cula  papiU 
la' res,  and  Papill'm  renum. 

Papillje,  Lenticular,  see  Papillae  of  the 
feugue  —  p.  Maxiraae,  see  Papillas  of  the  tongue 
—p.  Medi«,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Min- 


ima), see  Papilla)  of  the  tongue— p.  Mucosas,  set 
Papilla)  of  the  tongue — p.  Nerveae,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian,  see  Papilla? — p.  Nervous,  see  Papilla— 
p.  Pyramidal,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p. 
Pyramidal es,  Bee  Papilla — p.  Renum,  see  Papu- 
lae of  the  kidney — p.  Semilenticularea,  see  Papillae 
of  the  tongue. 

Papillje  of  the  Tongue  are  very  numerous 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  particularly,  at 
the  upper  surface  of  the  organ,  and  are  distin- 
guished into — 1.  The  Lenticular  papilla,  Papilla 
mueo'ta,  P.  max'ima,  P.  eapita'ta,  P.  valla' ta, 
P.  circumvaUa'ta,  P.  tntnca'ta,  P.  calycifor'm**. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  caecum. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical 
shape,  and  have  seemed  to  be  mucous  follicles 
similar  to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  Ac.  2.  The 
Fun' gi form  or  Fungoid  papilla,  Papilla  me'dia, 
P.  Semilentieula're*,  are  of  indeterminate  number, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceding. 
They  are  irregularly  disseminated  near  the  edges 
and  the  point  of  the  tongue ;  have  a  rounded  and 
flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and  narrow 
footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  Of  their  real 
nature  we  are  ignorant.  3.  The  Con'ical,  Co- 
noid'al  or  Pyram'idal  papilla,  P.  mm'ta*,  P. 
villoma,  are  the  most  numerous  of  all.  Their 
arrangement  is  more  regular  in  the  forepart  of 
the  tongue  than  behind.  They  resemble  snu'l 
cones;  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue  and 
the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small,  and 
have  been  called  Fil'i/orm  papil'la.  They  ap- 
pear to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  of  the 
filaments  of  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  surround- 
ed by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

Papill  js  Truncate,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Vallatao,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — pw  VII- 
Ioseb,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

PAP'ILLARY,  Papilla'rU,  Pap'illou*,  froa 
papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to  the  nipple  or  to  the 
papillae. 

Papillary  Body,  Corpus  papillare. 

PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS,  Mas- 
toid. 

PAPILLOUS,  Papillary. 

PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Caulophyllum  thalictroldes, 

PAPPEA  CAPEK'SIS.  A  small  tree  of  the 
Nat,  Ord.  Sapindaceae,  common  in  CaJTeriaad. 
the  fruit  of  which  is  called  Wild  Plum*.  It 
furnishes  a  vinous  beverage,  and  excellent  Tine- 
gar.  Its  kernel  contains  an  oil,  which,  althougk 
eatable,  is  somewhat  cathartic,  and  is  recess 
mended  as  an  external  application  in  tinea 
capitis,  alopecia,  Ac 

PAPPUS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum   tnbere- 


PAP'ULA.    A  pimple,  Exor'mia,  (F.)  t 

Bourgeon,  A  small,  acuminated  elevation  of  the 
cuticle,  with  an  inflamed  base ;  very  seldom  con- 
taining a  fluid,  or  suppurating,  and  commonly 
terminating  in  scurf  or  desquamation. 

Papula  form  the  first  order  of  Willan  aad 
Bateman's  arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseasea. 

Papula  Aoria,  Lichen  agriu* — p.  Fera,  Her* 
pes  exedens — p.  Miliaria,  Miliary  fever. 

Papuljs,  Lichen — p.  Siocae,  Lichen — p.  Sado- 
ris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Sudoralcs,  Sudamina. 

YAV'XJLOSE,  PapHlo'9u»,  Pap'Hlou*,  PaprnM- 
tu*,  Pimpled,  from  papula.  Of  or  belonging  to, 
resembling,  or  covered  with,  papulae  or  pawnlsja 

PAQUERETTE  VIVACE,  Belli*. 

PAR  NERVORUM,  Syu'ygi  ««rvoV««.  A 
pair  of  nerves. 

Par  Opticus  Nervorum,  Optic  nerve — p*  Prv 
mum  nervorum  cerebri.  Olfactory  nerve* — p. 
Qu  in  turn  nervorum  cerebralium,  Trifenuni — ft 


PABA 


639 


PARALYSIS 


Secundum  nervorum,  Optio  nerve — p.  Septimum 
give  faciale,  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Trigeminum,  Tri- 
gemini  —  p.  Trium  funieulorum,  Trigemini —  p. 
Vagus,  Pneumogastric — p.  Visorius,  Optic  nerve. 

PARA,  rapa,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near,  con- 
trary to,  through,'  (per;)  'above  and  beyond/ 
(ultra:)  'besides/  (prater,)  In  certain  terms,  aa 
in  -Paracusis,  Parapsis,  Parabysma,  Ac,  used 
by  Br.  Good,  para  mean*  a  defective  or  morbid 
condition. 

P  AR  ABA  L' ANUS,  from  vapafaXkav,  (naoa,  and 
fiaXXuv,  '  to  oast/)  '  to  expose  one-self.'  A  name 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  devoted 
himself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hospitals; 
and  particularly  during  epidemics  and  the  plague. 

PARABYS'MA,  from  rapa,  and  0u«»,  'to  staff.' 
Infarction  or  engorgement  of  an  organ — as  Para- 
byetna  ZtVnw,  Engorgement  of  the  spleen. 

P arabysma  MESEXTERicuM,Tabes  mesenteries*. 

PARABYS'TIA,  same  etymon.  Engorgement 
or  infarction  of  an  organ  with  blood. 

PARACELSIS'TA,  Paracel'riet,  ParaceVeian; 
from  Paracelsus.    A  follower  of  Paracelsus. 

PARACELSISTICA  MEDICINA,  see  Spagy- 
rists. 

PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to  a 
small  trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  puncturing 
the  eye  in  cases  of  dropsy  of  that  organ. 

PARACENTESIS,  Per/ora'tio,  Punc'tio, 
Punctu'ra,  Cenembate' 'tie,  Cents' sis,  Compunc'tio: 
from  irapaKivrmt,  (rapa,  and  kcvtw,  'I  pierce/)  'I 
pierce  through.'  Puncture.  The  operation  of 
tapping  to  evacuate  the  collected  fluid  in  ascites, 
ovarial  dropsy,  Ac. 

Paracentesis,  Puncturing — p.  Thoracis,  Tho- 
racocentesis. 

PARACENTETERION,  Trocar. 

PARACENTICION,  Trocar. 

PARACHRGS'A,  from  napa,  and  ypoa,  'colour.' 
Morbid  change  of  colour  of  the  surface,  especially 
of  the  face. 

PARACHROMA,  Achromatopsia. 

PARACHROSIS,  Decoloration. 

PARACINE'SES,(G.)!Parakinesien,from 
rapa,  'defective/  and  kivtjcis,  'motion.'  Diseases 
of  the  motor  nerves  j  morbid  movements  of  vo- 
luntary muscles. 

PARACMASIS,  DecUne. 

PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracma»'t\cu$,  from  *a- 
p<i*/ia£u>,  'I  decrease.'  Decreasing.  An  epithet 
for  a  distemper,  which  gradually  decreases.  Also, 
aocording  to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when  a 
porson  is  said  to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at 
from  35  to  49,  after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old  — 
a  definition  that  would  not  suit  us  at  the  present 
day. —  GorrfBus,  and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Acmasticos. 

PARACME,  Decline. 

PARACOE,  see  Cophosis,  Paracusis. 

PARAC'OPE,  Paraph'ora,  Paracru'rit,  from 
wapaxoirru, '  I  strike  falsely.'  Delirium.  In  Hip- 
pocrates, it  means  the  slight  delirium  which  some- 
times occurs  in  febrile  diseases. 

PARACOUSIA,  see  Cophosia. 

PARAC'RISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien :  from 
trapa,  'defective,  morbid/  and  xpieis,  'secretion.' 
Diseases  of  the  secretory  function. — Fnchs. 

PARACRUSIS,  Paracope, 

PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.  Also,  perverted  au- 
dition. 

Paracusis  Ackib,  Audi'tue  a'crior,Paracu'*is 
oxycoi'a,  from  napa,  'defective/  and  axovvts,  'the 
act  of  hearing.'  The  hearing  painfully  acute, 
and  intolerant  of  the  lowest  sounds ;  a  symptom 
In  otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  affec- 


Paracusis_Duplicata,  Double  hoaring — p, 
>.  Imperfecta, 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa — p.  Obtusa,  Barye- 


Imaginaria,   Tinnitus    aurium  —  p.   Imperfecta, 
coia — p.  Oxycoia,  P.  acris. 


Paracusis  Perver'sa,  P.  Willieia'na,  P.  im- 
perfec'ta,  Perverse  hearing.  The  ear  only  sensi- 
ble to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  sounds  intermixed  with  them.—  Good. 

PARACU8I8  SURDITAB,  SCO  Cophosi8 — p.  Willi*i- 

ana,  Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYCLE'SES,  (G.)  Parakyklesen, 
from  rapa,  '  defective,  morbid/  and  KvxXrjoif, '  cir- 
culation.' Diseases  of  the  blood  as  regards  it* 
distribution  and  motion. —  Fuchs. 

PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy,  morbid,  Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p.  Tu- 
baria,  Salpingo-cyesis. 

PARACYNAN'CHfi,  (para  and  cynanche.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the  la- 
rynx.    According  to  others,  a  slight  cynanche. 

PARESTHESIA,  Pares  thesis— p.  Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 

PAR^STHESIS,  Paresthesia  —  p.  Audita* 
flacca,  Proptoma  anricularum. 

PARJSTHENAR,  Parathenar. 

PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also,  perversion 
of  taste,  Parogen' sia,  Parageuat'ia,  AUotriogtuef- 
tia,  Oust  us  deprava'tus. 

PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusia. 

PARAGLOSSA,  Paraglos'ei,  from  rapa,  and 
yXvava,  '  the  tongue ;'  Swelling  of  the  tongue ; 
Dyepha'gia  Linguo'sa,  Glassomegis'tus,  Macro- 
glosfea,  Prolap'ens  lingua.  Sauvages,  under  the 
term  Paragloesa  deglutito'ria,  means  a  pretended 
doubling  of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (F.) 
Renvereement  de  la  langue.     See  Glossocele. 

PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation. 

PARAGOMPHO'SIS,  Paragomphosie  cafitit, 
from  rapa,  '  by/  '  near/  and  yofupuw, '  a  nailing. 
Incomplete  wedging  of  the  nead  of  the  child  in 
the  pelvis  during  labour. 

PARAKINESIEN,  Paracineses. 

PARAKRISIEN,  Paracrises. 

PARAKYKLESENy  Paracycleses. 

PARALALIA,  Mogilalia— p.  Nasalis,  Rhino- 
phonio. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  rapaXa/txpffis,  from  tapaXap. 
*■*>,  (rapa  and  Aap«<»,  'I  shine/)  'I  shine  at  tho 
side  of  j*  Mac'ula  cornea  margarita'cea,  Perla, 
A  cicatrix  on  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye.— 
Hippocrates. 

PARARELEMA,  Delirium. 

PARALLAGE,  Insanity. 

PARALLAGMA,  Chevauchement. 

PARALLAXIS,  Chevauchement,  Insanity. 

PARALLE'LA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneous 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
disease. — Forestus. 

PARALLELISM  OF  DISEASES,  Isopathia. 

PARALOGIA,  Delirium. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  rtapa,  'near/  and  \o<f>ia, 
'  the  first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The  lower  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck,  near  the  vertebrae. — EeiL 

PARALYSE,  Paralytic. 

PARAL  YSIE,  Paralysis— p.  Saturnine,  Palsy, 
lead. 

PARALT8IS,  Par'etis,  Retolu'Ho  membro'- 
rum,  R.  nervo'rum,  Carue  paralysis,  Catal'ysis, 
(F.)  Paralytic,  Resolution  dee  membra;  Palsy, 
from  rapaXv*,  (wapa  and  Xvta,  'I  loosen/)  'I relax/ 
Abolition  or  groat  diminution  of  the  voluntary 
motions,  and  sometimes  of  sensation,  in  one  or 
more  parts  of  the  body. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  local,  when  it  affects  only  a 
few  muscles.  When  it  extends  to  half  tbe  body, 
vertically  or  horiiontally,  it  is  called  Bemipkt- 


PARALYTIC 


640 


PARAPSIS 


ffo  or  Paraplegia.  It  is  commonly  symptoms 
tie  of  disease  of  the  brain  or  of  the  nerves  them- 
selves, and  is  a  frequent  accompaniment,  precur- 
sor, or  successor  of  apoplexy, — Phrenoparal'yeit. 
The  immediate  cause  is,  generally,  pressure, 
either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by  vas- 
cular turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore,  blood- 
letting may  be  advisable;  but,  afterwards,  the 
disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility,  and  re- 
quires stimulants  —  to  the  paralyzed  parts,  or  to 
the  mucous  membranes,  —  frictions,  sinapisms, 
blisters,  the  moxa,  baths,  electricity,  galvanism, 
purgatives,  and  the  nuz  vomica,  which  last  has 
the  property  of  exciting  movements  where  the 
will  has  no  longer  power.  The  disease  generally 
admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is  extremely  apt  to 
recur. 
Paralysis,  Primula  veris. 
Paral'ysis  Ao"itaicb,  P.  trem'vla,  Syn'clonue 
ballis'mue,  Scelotyfbi  feetVnane,  Tremor,  Tromoe, 
Shaking  Palsy,  Trembling  Paley.  A  variety  of 
tremor,  in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual 
alternation  of  contraction  and  relaxation. 

Paralysis,  Bell's,  BelVe  Paley,  Paral'yete 
facia' lis y  Prosoparal'ysis,  Trismus  dias'trophi 
Sauvage'sii,  Dias'trophl  Qale'ni,  Hemiplegia  fa- 
cia'lis,  Oris  tortu'ra  paralytica  Liniux'i,  HemU 
prosople'gia.  The  paralysis  of  the  face  induced 
by  a  lesion  of  the  portio  dura,  has  been  called 
Bell's  Palsy,  owing  to  Sir  Charles  Bell  having 
been  one  of  the  first  to  investigate  it  minutely.  # 
Paralysis  Bkriberia,  Beriberi — p.  Extremi- 
tatum,  Aero-paralysis— p.  Facialis,  Paralysis, 
Bell's— p.  Hemiplegia,  Hemiplegia — p.  Intestini 
recti,  Proctoparalysis — p.  Intestinorum,  Entero- 
paralysis — p.  Lingua,  Glossolysis — p.  Medulla- 
ris,  Paraplegia— p.  Metallica,  Palsy,  lead— p. 
Nervi  hypoglossi,  Olossoplegia— p.  Nervi  ragi  in 
parte  thoraciqa,  Asthma— p.  Nervorum  thoracis, 
6c,  Stethoparalysis  — p.  from  Poisons,  p.  Vene- 
nata—p.  Rachialgia,  Colic,  metallic— p.  Satur- 
nine, Palsy,  lead— p.  Scorbutica,  Pellagra— p.  Spi- 
nalis, Paraplegia— p.  Tremula,  Paralysis  agitans, 
Paral'ysis  Veneha'ta,  Paralysis  e  vene'nis, 
Paralysis  from  poisons.  Paralysis,  the  result  of 
poisonous  substances — as  of  lead,  mercury,  arse- 
nic, ergot,  Ac. 

Paralysis  e  Vehenis,  P.  Venenata— p.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gastroparalysis. 

PARALYT'IC,  Paralyticus,  Paralysed,  PaV- 
sterf,  (F.)  Paralyse".  Same  etymon  as  Paralysis. 
Affected  with  or  causing  paralysis. 

Paralytic  Stroke,  see  Stroke,  paralytic. 
'     PARALYZED,  Paralytic 

PARAMB'NIA,  from  rapa,  'badly,'  and  pip, 
'  a  month ;'  Menstrua' tio  anotn'ala,  Menses  anom'- 
ala,  Mismenstruation.  Difficult  menstruation. 
Disordered  menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenerrhosa — p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious — p.  Obstruotio- 
nis,  see  Amenorrhea — p.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia 
—p.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  rapapneia,  from  rasa,  'abont/ 
and  twos,  'the  thigh/    The  internal  parts  of  the 
thigh. 
PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 
PARANEPHRITIS,  from  naoa,  and  vtfptrts, 
'inflammation  of  the  kidney.'    Inflammation  of 
the  renal  capsules,  Infiamma'Ho  remm  suecentu- 
rtato'mnu 
PARANCEA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 
PARANYMPH'TJS,   from   wapa,  'near/  and 
•vjili?,  'a  young  spouse/  'a  bride.'    A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  him  who  led  the  bride 
to  the  house  of  her  husband.     The  term  was 
adopted  into  the  ancient  schools  of  medicine,  to 
designate  the  usual  discourse  pronounced  at  the 


end  of  the  prescribed  period  of  study  for  licen- 
tiate, in  which  the  qualifications  and  merits  of 
the  candidate  were  described. 
PARAPATHIA,  Patbomania, 
PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 
PARAPHIA,  Parapsis. 

PARAPHIMOSIS,  Periphimo'eis,  Cireum- 
ligatu'ra,  Phimo'sis  circumliga'ta,  Penis  Jtpo- 
derm'us,  from  mtpa, '  about,'  and  £i/iow,  '  I  bridle.' 
Strangulation  of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the 
opening  of  the  prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It 
frequently  happens  in  persons  affected  with  phi- 
mosis, when  the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  vio- 
lently behind  the  base  of  the  glans,  during  copu- 
lation, Ac.  In  paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and 
resisting  aperture  of  the  prepuce  forms,  behind 
the  corona  glandis,  a  kind  of  ligature,  which 
strangulates  the  part,  causes  it  to  swell  and  in- 
flame, and  even  to  become  gangrenous.  Attempts 
must  be  made  to  bring  back  the  prepuce.  These 
excite  considerable  pain,  yet  they  must  be  per- 
severed in  for  some  time ;  and  should  they  not 
Buoceed,  the  rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  pre- 
puce, must  be  cut  transversely,  and  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment  be  adopted. 
PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 
PARAPHO'NIA,  from  napa,  and  £•**,  'the 
voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when  its  charac- 
ter or  timbre  is  less  agreeable. 

Paraphonta  Olakgeks,  Oxyphonia  —  p.  Gvt- 
turalis,  Asaphia — p.  Nasalis,  Rhlnophonia — p. 
Puberum,  Hirquitalitas — p.  Rauca,  Raucedo — p. 
Ulcerosa,  Oxyphonia. 
PARAPHORA,  Delirium,  Paraeope. 
PARAPHRENESIS,  Paraphrenias  —  p.  Dia- 
phragmatica,  Diaphragmitis. 
PARAPBR&N1E,  Insanity. 
PARAPHRENIAS,  from  rape,  'new/  and 
fptvts,    fthe    diaphragm/    Paraphrene'sim.     A 
name  given  to  inflammation  of  the  diaphragm, 
(see  Diaphragmitis,)  which  was  supposed  always 
to  prodnoe  delirium : — as  well  as  to  the  delirium 
itself  accompanying  that  affection.  See  Phrenitis. 
PARAPHROSYNR  Delirium. 
PARAPHROTES,  Delirium. 
PARAPLAS'TIC :  Paraplasficus,  from  rose, 
and  vXaeriKot,  'formative.'  Possessed  of  depraved 
formative  powers, — as  Carcinoma,  Encephaloma, 
Melanosis,  Ac. 

PARAPLE'GIA,  Paraplegia,  RaekioparaTfr 
sis,  Rhachiople'gia,  RhackioparaVysie,  Myde* 
paral'ysis,  Paral'ysis  spina' lit,  P.  MednUa'rk, 


Cams  paralysis  paraplegia,  from  ropa,  dim.  par- 
ticle, and  irAipnru,  'I  strike.'  Palsy  of  the  lower 
half  of  the  body,  including  the  bladder  and  rec- 
tum. It  is,  generally,  owing  to  disease  of  sotat 
part  of  the  cercbro -spinal  axis ;  especially  of  the 
spinal  portion.  The  ancients  sometimes  used  the 
term  for  incomplete  apoplexy.  Some  anthers 
have,  also,  made  a  distinction  between  parapU- 
gia  and  paraplexia, — using  the  former  for  partial 
apoplexy— the  latter  for  general  or  complete  apo- 
plexy. 

PARAPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia, 

PARAPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PARAP'OPLEXY,  Parapophz'i*,  fans  nt* 
dim.)  and  amX^ia,  *  apoplexy.'  False  apoplexy; 
a  soporous  state,  resembling  apoplexy  j  and  espe- 
cially that  which  occurs  in  the  paroxysms  of  per- 
nicious intermittent*. 

v  PARAP'SIS,  Paraph' ia,  from  m*«,  «4efte- 
tively/  and  awrojtmt,  'I  touch.'  Sense  of  tooth 
or  general  feeling  vitiated  or  lost. — Good. 

Parapsis  Acris  Tbksritcdo,  Soreness — n> 
Expers,  Torpor,  Ansssthesia-— p.  Illnsoria,  V 
dsssthesisv— p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 


PARARMA 


641 


PARESTHESIA 


PARARMA,  Fimbria. 

PARARRHYTHMICUS,  Pararrhythmus. 

PARARRHYTH'MUS,Paraivty<AWcu«,froin 
wapa,  'dim.,'  and  p»$pot,  'rhythm.'  An  epithet 
for  the  pulse,  when  it  baa  not  the  rhythm  proper 
to  tho  age  and  constitution  of  the  individual. 

PARARTHRE'MA,  Pararthro'ma,  Pararthre'- 
eie,  Pararthro'aia,  Parec'taeie,  Paraetrep'ria,  from 
wapa,  and  ap$pov,  '  a  joint'  Incomplete  luxation ; 
subluxation. 

PARACEPAS'TRA,  from  wapa,  and  *««£», « I 
cover.'  A  cap  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 
whole  head. — Galen. 

PARASCEUE,  Apparatus. 

PARAS'CHIDES,  from  irapa,  and  <w£w,  'I 
cleave/   Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken  bone. 

PAR'ASITE,  Parem'tua,  from  wapa,  'near/  and 
vitos,  '  corn/  '  food/  Parasites  are  plants  which 
attach  themselves  to  other  plants ;  and  animals 
which  live  in  or  on  the  bodies  of  other  animals, — 
ao  as  to  subsist  at  their  expense.  The  mistletoe 
is  a  parasitic  plant;  —  the  louse  a  parasitic  ani- 
mal. The  chief  parasitic  animals  are  the  Pedic'- 
ulue  huma'nue  eorp'oria,  P.  cap'itie,  P.  pubis, 
Pulex  irri'tane,  P.  pen'etrane,  and  the  Ac'arue 
Sca'biei. 

PARASIT'IC,  Paraait'ieua,  Par'aaitoid,  Pa- 
raeitoi'dee.  Same  etymon.  Having  the  nature 
of,  or  resembling  a  parasite,  as  'parasitic  growths/ 
tubercles,  cancer,  Ac. 

PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASITISMUS  INTESTINALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis— p.  Superficiei,  Malis. 

PARASITOID,  Parasitic. 

PARASPA'DIA,  from  wapa,  and  orou,  'I 
draw/  A  preternatural  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  Paraspadia'ua 
and  Paranpadiaa. 

PARASPADLEUS,  see  Paraspadia. 

PARAS'PHAGIS,  from  wapa,  'near/  and 
vQayn,  '  the  throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  conti- 
guous to  the  clavicles. 

PARAS'TATA,  Paras' tatea,  from  wapiainfu, 
(wapa,  and  HTTVfii,)  '  I  stand  near/  The  prostate. 
In  Hippocrates,  it  means  the  epididymis.  The 
epididymes  were  called  by  Herophilus  and  Galen 
Varico'am  parastata  to  distinguish  them  from 
nlandulo'tcB  paraetata  or  prostate.  Rufus  of 
Ephcsua  called  the  Tubas  Fallopian®  Paraatata 
varico'am. 

Parabtata  Adenoides,  Prostate  —  p.  Glan- 
dula,  Prostate — p.  Glandulosa,  Prostate. 

PARASTATES,  Parastata. 

PARASTATI'TIS,  Epididymitis ;  from  pa- 
raatata,  *  epididymis,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididymis. 

PARASTREM'MA,  Parae'trophi,  from  wapae- 
rpcQvy  {wapa,  and  irrpc^M,  '  I  turn/)  '  I  distort  or 
pervert'  Convulsive  distortion,  especially  of  the 
face,  the  soft  parts  being  drawn  laterally. 

PARASTREPSIS,  Pararthrema. 

PARASTROPHE,  Parastrcmma. 

PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

PARASYSTOLE,  Acinesia. 

PARATH'ENAR,  Para'thenar,  from  wapa, 
'  near/  and  $cvap,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot'  Winslow 
called  grand parathenar,  parathenar  major,  a  por- 
tion of  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe,  rnusculus  acan- 
dula'rius;  and  petit  parathinar,  parathenar  mi- 
nor, the  short  flexor  of  that  toe. 

Parathenar  Major,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis — p. Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti  pedis. 

PARATHROMA,  Elongatio. 

PARATONIA,  see  Spasm. 

PARATOPIA,  Luxation. 
41 


PARATOP'UB;  from  wapa,  in  the  sense  cf 
change,  and  ron-of,  'place/  Diseases  in  which 
organs  are  removed  from  their  proper  position. 
See  Ectopia. 

PARATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

PARATROPE,  A po trope. 

PARAT'ROPHY,  Parat'rophi,  Paratroph'ia, 
from  wapa, '  dim/  and  rpopn,  '  nourishment'  Mia- 
nutrition. 

PARDALIANCHES,  Aoonitum. 

PARDALIANCHUM,  Aconitum. 

PAREC'TAMA,  Parec'taeie,  from  wapa,  'be- 
yond/ sk,  'out  of/  and  rttvi*,  *  I  stretch/  Immo- 
derate extension  or  dilatation  of  a  part — as  of 
tho  heart 

PARECTASIS,  Pararthrema,  Parectama. 

PAREGOR'IC,  Paregor'icua,  So'piene,  from 
waprtyoptui  (wapa,  and  ayepevw),  '  I  soothe,  I  calm/ 
That  which  soothes  or  assuages  —  as  paregoric 
elixir.    An  anodyne. 

PAREIA,  Gena. 

PAREIRA,  see  P.  brava. 

Parei'ra  Brat  a,  Cissam'peloe  Pareira,  Pa- 
reyra,  Butua,  Pariera  brava,  Abu'ta,  Albu'tua, 
Botou,  Caa-peha,  Overo  butua,  Wild  vine,  Velvet 
lea/.  Family,  Menispermeas.  Sex.  Syet,  Dioecia 
Monadelphia*  The  root  of  this  plant  —  Pareira 
(Ph.  U.  S.) — a  native  of  South  America  and  the 
neat  Indies,  has  a  sweet  taste  with  considerable 
bitterness  and  alight  roughness.  It  has  been  re- 
commended in  nephritic  and  calculous  affections; 
but  it  is  not  much  used. 

PARELLE,  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

PARENCEPHALIS,  Cerebellum. 

PARENCEPHALITIS,  Cerebellitia. 

PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  wapeywtipaXts, 
(wapa,  and  tyxtfaXos,  'the  brain/)  'the  cerebel- 
lum/ and  wtiXrit  *  &  rupture/  Hernia  of  the  ce re- 
bel'lum;  a  very  rare  disease.  It  occurs  under 
the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly  painful 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin, 
and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  region.  It  is  con- 
stituted of  the  cerebellum,  which  escapes  through 
an  aperture  in  the  occipital  bone.  Great  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordi- 
nary tumour,  aa  its  extirpation  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  consequences. 

PARENCEPHALUS,  Cerebellum. 

PARENCHYMA,  Caro  parenchymafica  sen 
vie'eernm  seu  viecera'lie  sou  viecero'aa,  Substantia 
parenchymato'ea,  Prooheu'ma.  The  texture  of 
glandular  and  other  organs,  composed  of  agglo- 
merated globules  united  by  areolar  tissue,  and 
tearing  with  more  or  less  facility.  Such  is  the 
texture  of  the  liver,  kidneys,  Ac.  Tlaptyxyua 
signifies  in  Greek,  effusion,  (wapa,  tv,  and  xvu>>  *  I 
pour/)  and  it  was  believed,  that  this  tissue  con- 
sisted of  effused  blood  or  other  fluid. 

Parenchyma  Testis,  Pnlpa  testis. 

PARENCHYMAL,  Parenehym'atoua,  Paren'- 
chymoua,  Parenchyma '  lis,  Parenchymat '  ieue  ; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  pa- 
renchyma of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATI'TIS;  from  waptyxypa,  'pa- 
renchyma,' and  itia,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
Jlamma'tio  parenchymal 'ica.  Inflammation  of 
the  substance  of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATOUS,  Parenchymal. 

PAR'ESIS,  from  waptnui, '  I  relax/  Paralysis 
According  to  some,  a  slight,  incomplete  paralysis, 
affecting  motion,  not  sensation. 

PARESTHE'SIS,  Paraathe'eia,  or  Pareathrf 
aia,  Seneus  imperfec'tva,  from  wapa,  'defective/ 
and   atvOncts,  'sensation/     Congenital  miscon- 
struction of  tho  external  organs  of  sense.    A  gt- 


PARETICA 


64J 


PAB0RASI8 


bus  in  the  nosology  of  Good.  Also,  perversion 
of  sensibility. 

PARET'ICA  EXARTHRO'SIS.  Luxation 
from  relaxation  of  the  ligaments  of  a  joint 

PARETICUS,  Relaxant 

PARFUM,  Suffimentnm. 

PARIERA  BRAVA,  Pareira  brava. 

PARIES,  Table. 

PARI'ETAL,  Paricta'Us,  from  parte;  pa- 
rietis,  '  a  wall.' 

Parietal  Artery,  see  P.  Bones. 

Parietal  Bones,  Osea  parieta'lia,  Otea  verti- 
ta'lia,  Osea  ver'ticie,  Osea  tincip'itie,  Ossa  breg'- 
tnatie,  O—a  nerva'lia,  Ossa  tetrag'ona,  are  two 
fellow-bones,  occupying  the  lateral  and  upper 
parts  of  the  cranium,  in  the  formation  of  which 
they  assist  They  hare  a  quadrilateral  shape: 
their  external  surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at 
its  middle  part,  an  eminence  called  the  Parietal 
protuberance,  (F.)  Bone  pariitale.  Their  inner 
or  eerebral  surface,  which  is  concave,  has  a  de- 
pression that  corresponds  with  the  preceding 
eminence,  and  which  is  called  the  Parietal  fossa, 
Fosea  parieta'lia.  Above  and  behind,  near  the 
superior  edge  of  these  bones,  is  a  foramen,  which 
does  not  always  exist,  called  the  Parietal  fora- 
men, Fora'men  parieta'li,  through  which  passes 
a  vein — parietal  vein — that  opens  into  the  supe- 
rior longitudinal  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  an 
artery — parietal  artery  —  a  branch  of  the  ooci- 
tpital,  which  ramifies  on  the  same  sinus.  Each 
.parietal  bone  is  articulated  above,  with  its  fellow; 
*belowt  with  the  temporal  bone ;  before,  with  the 
frontal;  behind,  with  the  occipital,  and  by  the 
.anterior  and  inferior  angle  with  the  great  ala  of 
the  sphenoid.  Each  parietal  bone  is  developed 
from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Parietal  Foramen,  see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Fossa, 
see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Protuberance,  see  P.  Bones  — 
p.  Veins,  see  P.  Bones. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.  ojffUina'lU,  Helx'ine,  Vi- 
tra'ria,  Wall  pel' liiory,  (F.)  Pariitaire  commune. 
Family  Urticess.  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoecia. 
This  plant  grows  on  old  walls,  and  contains  much 
nitrate  of  potassa.  It  is  diuretic,  but  is  not  much 
used. 

Parixta'ria  Vzvvsylv  as' ick,  American  PeV- 
litory,  a  small  weed,  flowering  from  June  to  Au- 
gust baa  been  used  in  juice  or  decoction  as  a 
diuretic,  deobstruent  (?)  and  emmenagogue. 

PARI'ETES,  Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall/  (F.) 
•  Paroie.  A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures — the  limits  of  different  cavities  of  the 
body,  as  the  Parietee  of  the  cranium,  chest,  Ac 

PARIS,  P.  quadrifo'lia,  Sola'num  quadrifo'- 
Hum,  Uva  inve?sa  seu  lupi'na  sou  vulpi'na,  One- 
berry,  Truelove,  (F.)  Parisette,  Raisin  de  Renard. 
It  possesses  narcotic  properties,  and  was  formerly 
considered  a  powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic, 
and  is  sometimes  used  externally  as  a  resolvent 
and  anodyne. 

PARISAGOGE  INTESTINORUM,  Intussus- 
-ceptio. 

PARISETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  wapa,  and  irfso*  'the  throat' 
A  word  employed  to  designate  the  tonsils,  and, 
likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils.  Cynanche 
tonsillaris f  and  Cynanche  in  general, 

PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,  from  vaptaSftia,  'the 
tonsils/  and  rtpin*,  *  I  out'  An  instrument  with 
which  the  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified. 

PARTSTUMITia  Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris. 

PARI6THMIUM,  Tonsil. 

PARISWORT,  Trillium  iatifolium. 

PARMACITY,  Cetaceum, 

PARMELIA  ISLAND1CA,  Lichen  Islandicus 
•  p.  Plioata,  Lichen  plicatus— p.  Pulmonacea, 


Liehen  pnlmonarius —  p.  Roceella,  Lichen  m- 
eella— p.  Saxatilis,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

PAROCHETEUSI8,  Derivation. 

PARODON'TIDES,  from  vasa,  'near/  and 
•Sevs,  'a  tooth.'  Tumours  on  the  gums;  paraHa* 
Ac. 

PARODYNIA,  Dystocia— p.  Perversa,  Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 

PAROIS,  Parietes. 

PAROLE,  Voice,  articulated. 

PAROMPHALOCE'Lfi,  from  vat*,  'near, 
oft<pa\oif  '  the  navel/  and  c*Aq,  '  rupture/  Hernia 
near  the  navel. 

PARONIR'IA,  from  rose,  and  mvupem,  *a 
dream.'  Depraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dream- 
ing; Oneirodynia  acti'va,  Erethis'mue  oneiro- 
dynia. The  voluntary  organs  connected  with 
the  passing  train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
force  of  the  imagination  during  dreaming,  and 
involuntarily  excited  to  their  natural  or  accus- 
tomed actions,  while  the  other  organs  remain 
asleep.  —  Good. 

Parokiria  Ambulajis,  Somnambulism — p.  8a- 
lax,  Pollution. 

PARONYCHIA,  Paron'ychie,  ParonychftU* 
Pan'arie,  Redu'via,  Rediv'ia,  Re  In' via,  Vermis) 
dig"iti,  Panaritium,  Pteryg'ium  dig" Hi,  Bigi- 
tium,  Pandalit"ium,  Passa,  Dactyli'tia,  Pona'- 
rium,  Onych'ia,  (F.)  Onglade,  from  vapa,  •  near/ 
and  orv(,  'the  nail.'  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  an  inflammatory  tumour,  —  Onyxitis 
(Gross),  —  seated  near  the  nail,  and  involving 
the  pulp  or  matrix.  Some  of  the  moderns  have 
extended  it  to  inflammation  of  the  hand,  and 
even  of  the  forearm.  It  usually  means  every 
phlegmonous  tumour  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  and 
especially  of  the  first  phalanx.  Four  kinds  of 
paronychia  are  commonly  pointed  out:  L  Thai 
seated  between  +he  epidermis  and  skin,  called  in 
France  Toumiole.  2.  That  seated  in  the  sabcn- 
taneous  areolar  tissue.  3.  That  occupying  the 
sheath  of  a  tendon;  and  4.  That  considered  te  be 
seated  between  the  periosteum  and  bone.  The 
last  three  are  only  different  degrees  of  the  snsee 
disease,  constituting  Whitlow,  (F.)  Mai  «Ta— 
ture :  —  the  worst  kinds,  in  English,  are  celled 
Felon.  The  inflammation  generally  commences 
in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  and  spreads 
to  other  parts,  occasioning  excessive,  lancinating 
pain,  owing  to  the  parts  being  put  npon  the 
stretch;  hence,  the  necessity  of  dividing  them 
freely,  —  even  down  to  the  bone,  when  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  the  affection  belongs  te 
the  fourth  division,  —  making  use  of  emollient 
applications,  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and 
opiates  to  relieve  pain. 

Paronychia,  Asplenium  rata  mnraria — p.  Hi- 
gitium,  Digitium. 

PARONYCHIA  Paronychia. 

PARONYCHITIS,  Paronychia. 

PAROPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PAROPIA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 

PAROPLEXIA,  Paraplegia, 

PAROPSIS,  Dysesthesia  risnalis  — p.  Asssa- 
rosis,  Amaurosis  —  p.  Cataracts,  Cataract — p. 
Glaucosis,  Glaucoma — p.  Illusoria,  Pseudobles- 
sia — p.  Lateralis,  Dysopia  lateralis — p.  Loagia- 
qua,  Presbytia  —  p.  Lueifuga,  Nyctalopia  —  p> 
Noctifuga,  Hemeralopia — p.  Propinqua,  Myopia 
—  p.  Staphyloma,  Staphyloma — p>  Staphyloma 
purulentum,  Hypopyon— p.  Staphyloma  simplex, 
Hydrophthalmia — p.  Strabismus,  Strabismus— 
p.  Synexisis,  Synesisis. 

PAROPTE'SIS,  from  rasa,  dim.,  and  sm»» 
'I  roast'  Foroing  a  sweat  by  placing  a  patient 
before  the  fire  or  putting  him  in  a  dry  bath. 

PARORA'SIS,  from  rapo,  dim.,  and  sees*  'I 


PAROBCHIDIUM 


PARTI0LB8 


M*/  PeiTWiion  of  Bight,  which  prevents  the 
person  from  judging  accurately  of  the  colour  of 
objects.  Achromatop'eia.  Hallucination. — Galen. 
PARORCHID'IUM,  front  ira*«,  dim.,  'some- 
thing  wrong/  and  o»xu>  '  testicle/  Any  position 
of  one  or  both  testicles,  different  from  that  which 
they  ought  to  occupy  in  the  scrotum ;  —  whether 
they  may  not  have  descended  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring,  or  are  drawn  up  to  the  groins  by  the 
eremaster  muscle. 

PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 
paror'ckido-cnter'iea.  Intestinal  hernia  compli- 
cated with  displacement  of  the  testicle.  —  Sau- 
vages. 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell ;  Parmttke'ria  ol/acto'ria,  Olfac'tue  depra- 
va'tue,  Idioeyncra'ria  ol/acto'ria. 

PAROS'TIA,  from  *apa,  'defectively/  and 
•crsov,  'a  bone/  Bones  untempered  in  their  sub- 
stance, and  incapable  of  affording  proper  sup- 
port. —  Good. 

Parostia  Flbxilis,  Mollities  ossium — p.  Fra- 
gilis,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 
PAROT'ID,  Gland'ula  parotidea,  0,  ad  Auree, 
Paro'tie,  Animel'UB,  Alimel'lcB,  Lacticin'ia;  from 
xapa,  *  about,'  and  ovs,  '  the  ear/  The  largest  of 
the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear,  and 
near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  is  composed 
of  many  separate  lobes,  giving  rise  to  excretory 
ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal,  called  the 
Parotid  duct,  Steno't  canal — the  Ductus  superior 
or  Superior  salivary  canal  of  some.  This  duct, 
after  having  advanced  horixon  tally  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheek,  proceeds  through  an  opening 
in  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  terminates  in  the 
mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molaris.  About 
the  middle  of  its  course,  it  sometimes  receives 
the  excretory  duct  of  a  glandular  body,  situate 
in  its  vicinity,  and  called  the  Accessory  Gland 
0/  the  Parotid,  So' via  Parol' idis,  Gland'ula  so'cia 

earot'idi*.  In  the  substance  of  the  parotid  are 
und — a  number  of  branches  of  the  facial  nerve, 
of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the  face,  and  the 
posterior  auricular.  It  receives,  also,  some  fila- 
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  and 
from  tho  ascending  branches  of  the  superficial 
cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  some- 
what numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglions  situate 
at  its  surface  or  behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  parotid  secretes  saliva,  and  pours  it  copiously 
Into  the  mouth. 

Parotid,  Accessory  Glahd  or  n»,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

Parotid  Aponeurosis.  A  sheath  of  great 
thiokness,  continuous,  below,  with  the  cervical 
fascia.  It  forms  a  frame-work  to  the  parotid  by 
means  of  fibrous  prolongations  from  its  deep  sur- 
face. Its  density  accounts  for  the  pain  of  paro- 
titis, and  for  the  difficulty  with  which  pus  makes 
its  way  to  the  surface. 

Parotid  Artbribs,  see  Parotid — p.  Duct,  see 
Parotid  —p.  Veins,  see  Parotid. 

PAROTIDE,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDON'CUS,  Tumor  par o'tidis,  T.glan'- 
duUe  parotidea,  from  «ap»r«, '  the  parotid,'  and 
•yicof,  *  a  tumour/    Swelling  of  the  parotid. 

PARO'TIS,  Phleg'monl  parotidea,  In/tamma'- 
tio  paro'tidum,  Cynan'chi  parotide' a,  Paroti'tie, 
Dioecu'ri,  (F.)  Parotide,  is  the  name  of  a  tumour 
seated  under  the  ear;  which  is  reddish,  hard,  and 
attended  with  obtuse  pain j  the  progress  to  sup- 
puration being  slow  and  difficult  Sometimes  it 
is  of  a  malignant  character,  sloughing,  and  long 
protracted.  Some  French  pathologists  restrict 
the  term  parotide  to  symptomatic  parotitis  —  as 
to  that  which  occurs  in  plague;  whilst  they  ap- 


ply the  terms  Orrittow  or  OmUa  to  Cynanche 
parotidsea  or  Mumps. 

Parotib  Contagiosa,  Cynanche  parotidssa— • 
p.  Epidemic*,  Cynanche  parotidssa — p.  Seroso 
glutine  tumens,  Cynanche  parotidsea— p.  Spuria, 
Cynanche  parotidsea. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanehe  parotidaa,  Parotis  — 
p.  Epidemic*,  Cynanche  parotidsea — p.  Erysipe- 
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidssa — p.  Polymcrpha, 
Cynanche  parotidsoa —  p.  Speoifica,  Cynanche 
parotidsoa. 

PAROVARIUM:  from  vap*,  'near,-'  and 
«ap<or,  <  the  ovary/  A  body  closely  analogous  in 
struoture  to  the  epididymis,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  Fallopian  tube  and  the  ovary  in  the 
broad  ligament  The  Corpus  Wolffian  um  con- 
curs in  its  formation.  —  Kobelt 

PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus,  from  npofyw, 
(rtxpa,  and  ofvvctv,  'to  render  sharp/)  'I  irri- 
tate ;'  Im'petus,  Intuitu*,  Inva'eio,  Exacerba'H*, 
Acoes'sio,  Acces'sus,  (F.)  Exacerbation,  RedoubU- 
ment,  Acci:  The  augmentation  which  super- 
venes at  equal  or  unequal  intervals  in  the  symp- 
toms of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a  periodical  exacer- 
bation or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxyema'lis ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Paroxystique.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm ;  —  as  a  paroxysmal  day,  (F.)  Jour 
paroxystique ;  a  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of 
disease  occurs. 

PAROXYSMUS  FEBRILIS,  Pyrexia. 

PAROXYSTIQUE,  Paroxysmal. 

PARS,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Corporis,  Genital 
organs  —  p.  Inferior  Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Intermedia, 
see  Corpus  spongiosum  urethra  —  p.  Mastoidea 
of  Temporal  Bone,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Natu- 
rails  medioinsB,  Physiology — p.  Obsccena,  Genital 
organs — p.  Petrosa,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Prima 
asperse  arteries,  Larynx  —  p.  Pyramidalis  ossis 
temporis,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Squamosa,  see 
Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Urethras  membranacea,  see 
Urethra  —  p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric  —  p.  Virilis, 
Penis. 

PARSLEY,  COMMON,  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Fool's,  ASthusa  oynapium  —  p.  Macedonian,  . 
Bubon  Macedonicum — p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinnm  —  p.  Poison,  Conium  macu- 
latum — p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum — p.  Wa- 
ter, Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium, 
Heracleum  lanatum  —  p.  Garden,  Pastraaca  sa- 
tiva  —  p.  Meadow,  Thaspium  Barbinode  —  p. 
Water,  common,  Slum  latifolium. 

PART,  see  Parturition  —  p.  Legitime  et  M4- 
gitime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATIONI  INSBRVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Genitalcs,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Laterales  nasi,  Scapulas  nasi — p.  Ner- 
vosa), see  Nerve  —  p.  Obaccen®,  Genital  organs. 

PARTHENEIA,  Virginity. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGA,  Matricaria  — 
p.  Mas,  Tanaoetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS,  (Morbus;)  from  *npOtro<,  «a 
virgin/  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTHENOGENESIS;  from  iraptfaw*  'a 
virgin/  and  /event,  *  generation.'  The  successive 
production  of  procreating  individuals  from  a 
single  ovum.  —  Owen. 

PARTHENOL'OGY,  Part\cnolog"ia,  from 
icapBtvua,  'virginity/  and  Xoyaj,  'a  description/ 
A  description  or  consideration  of  the  state  of  vir- 
ginity in  health  or  disease. 

PARTHENUS,  Virgin. 

PARTIALIS,  Local. 

PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE,  OF  MUSCLES, 
Sarcous  Elements. 


PARTIES 


644 


PARTURITION 


PARTIES,  LES,  Genital  organs— p.  Qlni- 
t*Us,  Genital  organs — p.  Honteuses,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Qinitoires,  Genital  organs — p.  Natu- 
relles,  Genital  organs  —p.  Noble*,  Genital  organs 
— p.  Sexuelles,  Genital  organs. 

PARTIO,  Parturition. 

Cartridge-berry,  Gauitheri*,  Mitcheiu 

repens. 

PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 

PARTURA,  Parturition. 

PARTU'RIENT,  Partu'riens,  from  parturire, 
itself  from  parere,  'to  bring  fortn"?  Bringing 
forth,  or  about  to  bring  forth,  or  haying  recently 
brought  forth.  —  Young. 

The  Parturient,  Puer1  petrous,  Childbed,  or  Ly- 
ing-in-state, Puerpe'rium,  requires  careful  man- 
agement, and  is  subject  to  various  diseases. 

A  Partu'rient  or  Parturi/a'eient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour ;  as  ergot,  and, 
perhaps,  borate  of  soda,  see  Abortive. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 

PARTURIGO,  Parturition. 

PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par. 
tio,  Parturit"io,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos, 
To'cetos,  Texis,  Lochi'a,  Apocye'sis,  Maeeu'sis, 
Maieu'sis,  Nego'tium  sen  Actus  parturitio'nis, 
Enix'usseu  Enix'io  foetus,  Expul'sio  foetus,  ApoV- 
ysis,  Labour,  Child-bearing,  Child-birth,  Travail, 
(P.)  Accouchement,  Couehe,  Travail  d?  Enfant. 
The  delivery  of  the  foetus  and  its  appendages. 
Labour  is  the  necessary  consequence  of  concep- 
tion, pregnancy,  and  the  completion  of  gestation. 
It  does  not  take  place,  at  the  full  time,  until  after 
nine  months  of  utero-gestation, — the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  the  contraction  of  the  uterus  and 
abdominal  muscles.  By  different  authors,  the 
stages  of  labour  have  been  variously  divided. 
We  may,  perhaps,  admit  of  four.  Theirs*  stage 
comprises  the  precursory  signs.  One,  two,  or 
three  days  before  labour,  a  mucous  discharge, 
streaked  with  blood,  takes  place  from  the  vagina, 
which  is  called  the  Signum,  Leucorrhce'a  Nabo'- 


tki,  H<Bmorrhag"ia  Nabotki,  Labour-show,  a* 
Show;  and,  along  with  this,  trifling  grinding 
pains,  called  by  the  French  Mouehes,  are  felt  In 
the  loins  and  abdomen.  Second  stage : — Peculiar 
pains,  which  extend  from  the  lumbar  region  to- 
wards the  uterus ;  tension  and  dilatation  of  the 
neck  and  orifice  of  that  organ ;  protrusion  into 
the  vagina  of  the  envelopes  of  the  foetus,  forming 
the  bag  of  waters,  IF.)  Poche  dee  eaux  ;  and  rap- 
ture or  breaking  of  the  waters.  Third  stage  .*  — 
Contractions  of  the  uterus  and  abdominal  mus- 
cles; forcing  pains;  the  head  of  the  foetus  be- 
comes engaged  in  the  pelvis ;  the  occiput  being 
commonly  situate  above  the  left  acetabulum, 
passes  beneath  the  arch  of  the  pubis.  Fourth 
stage:  — the  head  now  presents  at  the  vulva,  the 
perineum  being  considerably  distended ;  at  length 
it  clears  the  external  parts,  and  the  rest  of  the 
body  is  easily  disengaged.  The  child  still  con- 
tinues attached  to  the  mother  by  the  umbilical 
cord,  which  has  to  be  divided.  In  the  course  of 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  trifling  pains  occur,  and 
the  secun dines  are  expelled.  This  completes  de- 
livery. In  by  far  the  majority  of  cases,  the  head 
is  the  presenting  part,  the  occiput  directed  ante- 
riorly, and  the  face  posteriorly.  Of  12,633  chil- 
dren, born  at  the  Hospital  La  Maternitf,  in  Paris, 
from  the  10th  of  December,  1797,  to  the  31st  of 
July,  1806,  the  following  were  the  presentations: 

The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly...  12,120 

The  head  anteriorly 63 

The  breeoh 198 

The  feet 147 

The  knees.... 3 

Other  positions 102 


12,633 
The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data  fur- 
nished by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximative  view 
of  the  comparative  number  of  presentations,  ac- 
cording to  the  experience  of  the  individuals  i 
tioned: 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  RATKT  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IN  1000  CASES. 

1 

ACCORDING  TO 

Men*, 
man. 

Blind. 

Madame 

Boivin. 

Madame 
Lacha* 
pella. 

Hitch. 

Lorati. 

HoapHal 
of  the 
Facnlt*. 

Mr. 

Regular,  or  of  the  vortex 

I.  Occipitoanterior 

a.  Occipiio-cotyloid  (left) 

934 
008 

2.3 

36 
12.7 

23 

6.6 
10 
3.3 

944 

2.6 

28 
9.4 

13 

4.7 

4.7 
5.2 

969 

944 

760 

179 
0.29 
9.4 
5.3 
4.4 
3.6 

29 

0.19 
18 
4.6 
4.6 

4.77 

933 
910 
717 
209 

9 

7.3 

2.9 

4.6 

26 

36 

14 
0.40 

22 
5.3 
3.4 
7.8 
0.53 

933 

47 

4.8 
36 
7.2 
2.4 

911 
895 
537 

980 

8* 

99 

10-3 

19 

5-7 
5.9 
M 

Do.              (right) 

b.  Occiplto  pubian 

«.  Fronto-cotyloid  (left) 

*             Do            (right) 

Face  presentation 

Of  the  pelvis 

Of  the  foot 

Of  the  knees 

Of  the  trunk 

Requiring  Forceps 

"         Cephalotomy 

Labour  has  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  occurs,  and 
the  mode  in  which  it  takes  place.  It  is  called 
miscarriage  or  abortion,  prior  to  the  seventh 
m<>nth  ;  premature  labour,  Omotoe'ia,  Partus  prm- 
>:ox  sen  prajmatu'rus,  between  this  and  eight 
months  and  a  half;  and  labour  at  the  full  period, 
(F.)  Accouchement  d  terme,  when  it  happens  at 
the  end  of  nine  months.  Labours  have  likewise 
been  variously  divided  by  different  authors.  Per- 
haps the  one  into  Natural,  Preternatural,  and 


Laborious,  is  as  common  as  any ;  —  natural  Lm- 
bour  meaning  that  which  would  occur  without 
manual  assistance ;  preternatural,  requiring  the 
assistance  of  art,  but  by  the  hand  solely :  and 
laborious,  requiring  instrumental  assistance; 
which  M.  Capuron  calls  Accouchement  Mtcha- 
niqne,  Powerless  labour,  the  Inertia  par  4pu*S9- 
ment  of  Madame  La  Chapelle,  is  that  in  which  the 
muscular  powers  from  exhaustion  are  unable  te 
accomplish  delivery. 
The  French  use  the  term  Part,  Pnttm%  at 


PABTUBITION 


646 


PARTURITION 


times,  synonymously  with  delivery;  at  others, 
with  foetus,  Maien'ma,  Mace  ur  ma.  Suppression 
de  part  means  concealment  of  delivery;  Part 
Ugitime,  a  foetus  which  comes  into  the  world  with 


the  condition  necessary  for  its  enjoying  aaVan- 
tages  granted  by  law ;  and  Part  illigititne,  one 
that  does  not  fall  under  those  conditions. 


TABLE  OP  THE  COURSE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OP  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF 

LABOURS. 


Head  Presexti  no. 
(tour  Positions.) 


Lower  Extremi- 
ty Presenting. 

(Four  Positions  of 
Us  Feet,  Knsss, 
and  Breech.) 


Natural  Labours, 
Or  those  in  which  Delivery  can  be  effected  without  Assistance, 

The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  breast  clears  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis.  Motion  of  rotation  produced  by  the 
inclined  planes  of  the  pelvis;  the  occipital  protuberance 
is  carried  behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  face 
towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 

The  head  attains  the  outlet :  clears  it ;  the  occiput  being 
first  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards,  which  passes 
successively  along  the  whole  of  the  hollow  of  the 
sacrum.  The  shoulders  enter  the  brim  diagonally ; 
and  execute  the  movement  of  rotation.  The  one  be- 
hind first  clears  the  outlet.  The  same  thing  occurs 
with  the  nates. 

S'The  same  course  is  here  followed :  except  that  after  the 
rotary  movement,  the  face  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubis,  and  the  occiput  into  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  occiput  is  first  extruded ;  —  the  face  next. 
I  When  the  chin  presents  and  is  turned  forwards,  the 
face  is  first  expelled ;  the  head  is  thrown  backwards. 
This  presentation  is  uncommon.  If  the  chin  present 
and  be  thrown  backwards,  natural  delivery  cannot  be 
effected. 

SThe  nates  enter  the  brim  diagonally ;  movement  of  rota- 
tion :  the  one  passes  behind  the  symphysis  pubis ;  the 
other  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  one  be- 
hind is  first  extruded. 
The  same  thing  happens  to  the  shoulders.  The  chin  is 
bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  brim :  movement  of 
rotation:  the  occiput  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubis,  and  the  face  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  face  clears  the  outlet  first ;  the  occiput  last. 


1.  Occiput   towards   the  Left 
jtcstabulum. 


3.  Occiput  towards  tks  Right, 
Acetabulum. 


Sacroiliac  Symphysis. 


4.    Occiput  towards   the 
Sacro-iliac  Symphysis. 


2.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards Iks  Right  Acstabu* 
turn. 


The  same  progress,  except  that  after  the  movement  of 
rotation,  the  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the  occiput 
towards  the  sacrum.  The  face  is  here  again  delivered 
first. 


I.  Presentation  or  the 
Head,  Upper  Extremi- 
ties, Back,  Abdomen, 
stc. 


General  Observations. 


3.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards ths  Right  Sacro-iliac 
Symphysis. 

4.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards ths  Left  Sacro-iliac 
Symphysis, 

II.  Preternatural  Labours, 
Or  those  which  require  Manual  Assistance  only. 

1.  When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  endeavours  are  to  be  made  to 
place  it  in  its  natural  position:  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the  fingers 
united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally  in  the 
brim,  if  possible.  Or  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  and,  by  draw- 
ing it  down,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may  be  effected; 
the  position  of  the  bead  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time  attended  to. 

3.  If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  etc.,  the  feet  must  be  laid  hold  of,  and  the  child  turned.  For  this 
purpose,  empty  the  rectum  and  bladder ;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii.  The  female  may  be  placed  on  her  back  or  left 
side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  rieht  or  left  hand, 
according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  pelvis; 
always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm,  and  the 
back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The  hand  and 
arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain  ;  and  they  must  be  flattened 
and  tranquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both  feet  cannot 
be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 

3.  If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column,  or  to  the  abdomen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput  will 
be  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  In  such  case,  grasp 
the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum ;  and,  during  a  pain, 
endeavour  to  direct  the  toes  towards  either  sacro-iliac  synchondrosis.  When 
the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child,  and  over  the  shoulders 
to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  successively.  When  the  body 
is  expelled,  and  the  head  filling  up  the  brim,  the 'termination  of  labour  must 
be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over  the  shoulder  of  the  child;  using 
moderate  and  steady  extracting  power,  whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  hand, 

Kssed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the  chin  on  the  sternum.    In  this  way,  the 
ad  may  be  extracted. 

IH.  Instrumental  Labours, 

Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appropriate  Instruments, 

If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  inadequate  from  any  cause ;— or  if  the  presenting 
part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming  exhausted, 
instrumental  assistance  may  be  required.  In  all  such  cases,  place  the  female 
on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum ;  wait  till  the  os  uteri 
is  in  a  fit  slate ;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains ;  introduce  the  instrument 
during  the  intervals  between  the  pains;  have  the  patient  ou  her  left  side 
(generally) ;  and  extract  according  to  the  axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case  j 
I ,    may  be.  I 


PARTURITION 


646 


FA88E-PIEBRE 


%  I+mf  Forceps. 


3.  Lover  or  ratals. 


4.  FUlet  and  £fo*t  Jfts*. 


Apply  these  to  the  sides  of  the  bead  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  parietal 
protuberances  may  be  within  the  fenestra.  Introduce  the  leA-hand  Wade 
first ;  the  index  and  middle  fingers  of  the  right  hand  guiding  it  u»  the  ear. 
With  I  he  right  band  pass  the  other  in  an  opposite  line,  corresponding  with 
the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  left 
band ;  the  third  and  little  fingers  being  employed  to  retain  the  left- hand  blade 
in  place ;  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow  the  blades  to  lock.  The 
handles  may  now  be  tied  gently  together.  The  force  used  must  be  from  blade 
to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  effort. 

'  Applicable  where  the  bead  does  not  enter  tbe  brim.  The  long  forceps  most  be 
applied,  in  most  cases,  over  tbe  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  ao  that  the 
convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacram. 
When  used,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  aide,  with  moderate 
traction, 
i  The  lever  is  applicable  to  tbe  same  cases  as  the  forceps.  It  mast  not  be  need 
strictly  as  a  lever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards,  It  may  be 
applied  to  any  part  of  the  bead,  but  is  generally  bitched  on  tbe  occiput. 

In  certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  tbe  hand  is  insufficient, 
it  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  tbe  joint  a  fillet,  or  tbe  blunt  book,  wiUi 
which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.    The  operation  is  very  simple. 

Disproportionate  size  of  head,  or  distorted  or  deformed  pelvis,  may  require  the 
child  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  bulk  lessened ;  or  the  Cesarean  section  or  sym- 
physolomy,  or  tbe  induction  of  premature  labour  may  be  called  for. 

The  instruments  required  here,  are  the  Perforator,  Crotchet*  and  C^ajsfeeur 
Forceps.  Make  a  steady  pressure  on  the  abdomen ;  pass  two  fingers  of  tbe 
left  hand  up  to  tbe  head:  feel  for  a  suture  or  fontanelle;  introduce  tbe  per- 
forator and  bore  through,  until  the  progress  of  the  instrument  is  arrested  by 
its  shoulders.  Open  the  handles,  and  turn  tbe  instrument  in  different  direc- 
tions, so  that  the  opening  may  be  large  enough  to  admit  tbe  perforator,  with 
which  tbe  brain  must  be  broken  down. 

If,  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid.  pass  ap  the 
craniotomy  forceps;  open  tbe  handles  slightly,  and  introduce  the  blade 
without  teeth  within  tbe  cranium.  On  closing  the  forceps,  a  bold  is  obtained; 
and  a  tractile  force  can  now  be  exerted  during  tbe  pains,  and  tbe  extrusion 
of  the  child  be  effected. 

Should  great  difficulty  exist  at  the  brim,  the  hones  at  the  top  of  the  bead  may 
have  to  be  removed,  until  the  base  alone  remains.  The  chin  must  then  be 
brought  through  first. 

The  crotchet  is  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed  into 
tbe  opening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  hooked  upon  some  bony  projection 
in  thu  interior  of  the  skull ;  but  it  is  not  a  good  instrument.  In  presentations 
of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  tbe  cranium,  the  perforator  should  he 
introduced  just  above  the  nose,  in  the  sagittal  suture. 

When  it  is  necessary  to  open  tbe  head  after  tbe  lower  extremities  hare  been 
expelled,  the  perforation  must  be  made  behind  the  ear. 

In  cases  of  great  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  tbe  operation  of  eysmayseteare-  has 
been  adopted  by  French  practitioners,— rarely  by  British  or  American  ;  and, 
in  extreme  cases,  recourse  has  been  had  to  the  Cesarean  Section. 

If  the  body  of  the  foetut  lias  been  forcibly  separated,  and  the  head  left  in  the 
uterus,  it  must  be  laid  bold  of  with  one  hand,  and  the  forceps  be  applied':  or 
tbe  head  be  opened  aud  delivered,  as  under  erobryulcia.  Should  the  head 
have  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  tbe  feet  must  be  brought 
down. 

In  cases  of  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  foetus,  at  the  full  term,  cannot 
be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or  aa  soon 
as  the  child  is  capable  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently  of  the 

b£nomi  °*  P,BMA,n,EB^  Tbe  most  advisable  plan  for  accomplishing  this  object  is  merely  to  pase  the 
'  flnrer  round  and  round  within  tbe  oa  and  cervix  uteri,  so  aa  to  detach  the 

deudua ;— the  membranes  being  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  tbe  child  not 
ao  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured,  and  tbe 
evacuated.    Parturition  usually  follows  within  forty-eight  hours. 


EKsmtoxetA. 


StMPBTSOTOHT   AMD    Cm 

saebam  Section. 


Sbpakation  op  the  Head 
op  tbe  Foetus  raoM  the 
Bout. 


The  laying  of  eggs  by  animals  is  termed  in 
French  ponto.  The  term  ha*  been  applied  to  the 
periodical  discharge — ponte  ptriodiqne — of  ore, 
(F.)  Chute  dee  (Eufe,  which  is  supposed  to  take 
place  from  the  ovaries  at  each  menstrual  period. 

PARTURITION,  DRY,  Partus  Siccus. 

PARTURIUM  VANUM,  Faust  couche. 

PARTUS,  Parturition  —  p.  Abaetio,  Abortion 
— p.  Abactus,  Abortion  —  p.  C&sareus,  Cesarean 
section  —  p.  Difficilis,  Dystocia — p.  Laboriosus, 
Dystocia,  Laborious  labour  —  p.  Precox,  Partu- 
rition (premature)  —  p.  Prssmaturus,  Parturition 
(premature)  —  p.  Serotinus,  Opsiotocia. 

Parte 8  Siccus,  Dry  labour  or  parturition. 
Labour,  whioh  is  neither  preceded  nor  attended 
by  a  discharge  of  the  liquor  amniL 

PARU'LIS,  from  ira*a,  'near/  and  »«>•»,  'the 
gum/  Apoete'ma  parulxs  vel  paroulie,  Phleg*- 
utoni  Parulu,  Gum  BoiL  Small  abscesses  are  so 
ceiled  which  form  in  the  gums,  sometimes  with- 
out any  known  cause,  but  whleh  often  depend 
upon  oarions  teeth 

PARU'RIA,  from  *apa,  ^defectively,'  and  evso*, 


'I  pass  urine.'  Morbid  secretion  or  tiaeharga 
of  urine. 

Parvbia  iHOOHTiirKif a,  Bnuresis  —  p.  Iaeeati- 
nens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes  —  p.  Inope,  Ischuria, 
false  — p.  Mellita,  Diabetes— p.  Retentionia,  Is- 
churia— p.  Retentionis  renalis,  Ischuria — p.  Re- 
tentionis  yesiealis,  Retention  of  urine  —  p.  St3- 
latitia,  Strangury— p.  StillatiUa  mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhoea. 

PARVITAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM  0R- 
GANICARUM,  Microtesia. 

PAR'YGRON,  from  *■#«,  and  Wee*,  'humid.' 
A  liquid  or  moist  preparation  for  aUayiag  topical 
inflammation. 

PAS  VANE,  Tussilago. 

PASMA,  Catapasma. 

PASQUEFLOWER,  Anemone  pulsmtOl*. 

PASSA,  Paronychia. 

PA8S.fi  CORINTHIACJB,  see  Vitii  Oarnv 
thiaca. 

PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Ways,  tfgaetfvvj 
— p.  Second,  Ways,  second. 

PASSE-PIBkRE,  Crithmv 


PAS3XRAGB 


«4T 


PATELLA 


PASSERAGE,  Iberia  amara— p.  Sauvage,  Car- 
dam  in  e  pratensis. 

PASSIBILITY,  GREAT,  Hypersssthesis. 

PASSIFLO'RA  LAURIFO'LIA,  Bay-leaved 
Petition  Flower.  A  native  of  Surinam.  The  fruit 
baa  a  delicious  smell  and  flavour,  and  quenches 
thirsty  abates  heat  of  the  stomach,  increases  the 
appetite,  Ac. 

Passiflora  Maufor'mis,  Apple-shaped  Gra- 
nadil'la.  The  fruit  of  this  species  is  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is  served 
up  at  table  in  desserts. 

Some  of  the  genus  are  said  to  possess  narcotic 
and  eraetio  properties. 

PASSI0,  Disease,  Passion —  p.  .ffimoptoica, 
Haemoptysis — p.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — p.  Cardiaca, 
Cardialgia — p.  Coeliaca,  Coeliao  flux — p.  Chole- 
ric*, Cholera — p.  Fellifiua,  Cholera — p.  Hsamop- 
toica,  Haemoptysis —  p.  Hypochondriacs,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — p.  Uiaoa,' 
Hens — p.  Ischiadic*,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea 

—  p.  Pleuritioa,  Pleuritis  —  p.  Stomaohica,  Dys- 
pepsia— p.  Ventriculosa,  Coeliac  flux — p.  Vomi- 
coflua,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PASSION,  Pae'eio,  An'imiPathe'ma,  Affect  tue, 
Emo'tio,  from  patior,  paeeue,  'to  suffer.'  An  active 
affection  or  emotion  of  the  mind;  as  rage,  ter- 
ror, love,  hatred,  Ac. 

Passion  Flower,  Bay-leaved,  Passiflora  lau- 
rifolia — p.  Hystirique,  Hysteria — p.  Hiac,  Ileus. 

PASSIONES  ANIM1,  Affections  of  the  mind. 

PASSIVE,  Paesi'vue.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion. An  epithet  for  diseases  which  seem  owing 
to  a  greater  or  less  diminution  of  the  strength, 
or  which  are  without  apparent  reaction.  Thus, 
passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as  supervene  in 
debilitated  individuals,  or  under  conditions  in 
which  increased  action  of  the  arteries  can  scarce- 
ly be  presumed.  The  term  passive  has,  also, 
been  given  to  aneurisms  of  the  heart  with  exte- 
nuation of  the  parietes ;  in  opposition  to  active 
aneurisms,  with  thickness  of  the  parietes  —  hy- 
pertrophy. 

PASSUL-fi  MAJORES,  see  Vitis  vinifera— 
p.  Minorca,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TTJM,  Uvcb  pasta,  'raisins,  dried 
grapes.'  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  raisins 
is  a  chief  ingredient 

PASSY,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OP.  This  vil- 
lage is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris.  There  are  seve- 
ral springs,  containing  sulphates  of  lime,  iron, 
and  magnesia,  alum,  oommon  salt,  carbonate  of 
Iron,  carbonic  acid,  &c  They  are  employed  as 
a  tonic  and  astringent 

PASTA  DE  ALTHAEA,  Paste,  marshmallow 

—  p.  Amygdalina,  Confection  (almond)  —  p.  de 
Daotylis,  Paste,  date  —  p.  Emulsiva,  Confection 
(almond)  —  p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes  —  p. 
Regia,  Confection  (almond). 

Pasta  Glycyrrhi'zjc  Gdmma'ta  bt  Anisa'ta 
sen  Matsa  de  extracto  glycyrrhi'zoi.  A  compound 
of  extract  of  liquorice,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  Flo- 
rence orris-root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed.  De- 
mulcent 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (P.)  Pdte.  A  compound  me- 
dicine, like  the  pastU,  but  less  consistent,  flexible, 
less  saccharine,  and  more  mucilaginous. 

Pasts,  Date,  Maeea  sen  Pasta  de  dac'tyh's. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  water,  and 
orange-jlower  water. —  Ph.  P.     Demulcent 

Paste  of  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jubie,  Maeea 
de  zieypho' rum  f metis.  Composed  of  jujubes,  gum 
Senegal,  sugar,  water,  and  tincture  of  lemon-peeL 
Demulcent 

Paste,  Marshmal'low,  Maeea  de  gummi 
Arab'ico,  Paeta  de  aiiha'd.  A  oompound  of  gum 
Arabic,  euaar,  white  of  egg,  and  orange-flower 
water, — Ph.  P.    It  is  demulcent 


Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifricram — p.  Vienna,  sea 
Powder,  Vienna  —  p.  Ward's,  Confectio  pipexia 
nigri. 

PASTEL,  PastiVlus,  Dioeree,  Avic'ula  Oip'ria, 
Cande'la  fuma'lis,  Phtkoie,  Phthois'eus.  A  com- 
pound of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes ; 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to. 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  PaetU- 
lue,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  square,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential  oil, 
and  sugar  the  exoipient  These  pastilles  are  in 
fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from  the 
tablette  in  their  smaller  sise. 

Pastel.  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTE  QUE,  Cucurbit*  citrullus. 

PASTILLE,  see  Pastel. 

PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  &HAUTB- 
RIVE-VICHY,  see  Trochiaoi  Sodsa  bicarbonatis 
— p.  Fumigating,  see  Fumigation  — p.  de  Vichy, 
see  Trochisci  Sodte  bicarbonatis. 

PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI  DARCET1T,  see 
Trochisci  Sodas  bicarbonatis  —  p.  Emetinss  Peo- 
torales,  Trochisci  emetinss  pectorales. 

Pastil'li  de  Mentha  Pipeiu'ta,  Peppermint 
drope.  (Sacch.  alb.,  aqua  mentha  pip>,  ag.  dee- 
etillat.  aa  5U*  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an  elec- 
tuary. Take  of  fine  white  sugar  in  powder,  Jiv; 
volatile  oil  of  peppermint,  Sfss.  Mix,  and  add 
the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then  on 
marble,  and  dry  the  drope. —  Ph.  P.) 

PASTILLUS,  Pastel. 

PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P.  opoponax— p. 
Anethum,  Anethum  graveolens  —  p.  Graveolens, 
Anethum  graveolens — p.  Opaca,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Opop'anax.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  furnishes  the  Opopanax.  The  plant, 
whenoe  the  gum  resin  is  obtained,  has,  also,  been 
called  Fer'ula  opop'onax,  Pastina'ca  altiee'ima, 
Laeerpit'ium  chiro'nium,  Seli'num  opop'onax, 
Opopana'cum,  Panax  heracle'um,  Panax  costi'- 
num,  Paetina'cea,  Kyna,  Hercules-all-heal,  Opop'- 
anarwort. 

Opopanax,  Opopana'cis  gummi-resi'na,  Gexir, 
Pop'anax,  Gummi  Pana'cis,  exudes  from  the  roots 
when  wounded.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  pecu- 
liar; taste,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  met  with  in 
the  shops,  in  lumps  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour, 
without;  white  within.  It  has  been  recommend- 
ed as  an  antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue ;  but 
is  seldom  used.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gj  in  powder. 

Pasttxaca  Pratensis,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphoboe'cum,  Paetinaca 
eylves'trie  sen  opa,ca  sen  praten'sie,  Ane'thum 
pastina'ca,  Seli'num  paetina'ca,  Ban'ica,  Garden 
parsnep.  The  root  is  sweet  and  nutritious,  and 
is  in  esteem  as  an  article  of  food.  It  has  been 
used  as  a  diuretio  and  demulcent  in  calculous  af- 
fections, <ke. 

Pa8tinaca  Stlyebtris,  P.  sativa— p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  offioinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PATE,  Paste — p.  AreinicaU,  Arsenical  paste. 

PATELLA,  Rotfula,  R.  genu,  Epigon'atie,  Epi- 
gon'tie,  Aeromy'U,  Epigou'nie  sen  Epigu'nie  sen 
Epig'onie,  Mola  sen  Concha  seu  Oc'ulue  sen  Orbie 
sen  Scutum  genu,  Oe  scutifor'ml  sen  disciform* 
seu  thyreoVdee,  Super  genua' lis,  CaucaloVdee,  My'- 
laerie,  Myll,  Gamba,  Olec'ranon  mob' Hi,  (F.)  Ro- 
tule.  Diminutive  of  patina,  'a  dish,'  so  called 
from  its  shape.  A  sort  of  sesamoid,  flat,  short, 
thiok,  ronnded  bone,  situate  in  front  of  the  knee, 
and  enveloped  in  the  substance  of  the  tendon 
eommon  to  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  leg.  The 
posterior  surface  of  the  patella  is  divided  into 
%yro  faeettee,  united  angularly,  which  are  encrust- 
ed with  cartilage,  and  each  of  which  is  articulated 
with  one  of  the  condyles  of  the  femur.    The  pa- 


PATENT 


648 


PAVILION 


tell*  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 
When  the  patella  is  fractured,  it  is  difficult  to 
produce  bony  union.  This  can  only  be  accom- 
plished by  keeping  the  fractured  extremities 
closely  in  apposition. 

Patella,  Cup — p.  Fixa,  Olecranon. 

PATENT  MED'ICINE,  MSdecine  brevetie  on 
patentee,  Jicmede  breveti  ou  patenti.  A  medici- 
nal compound,  for  the  sale  of  which  the  proposer 
obtains  from  government  an  exclusive  privilege. 
A  specification  of  his  invention  must  be  registered 
in  the  Patent  Office,  and,  hence,  it  differs  from 
a  secret  medicine. 

PATER  OMNIUM  VIVENTIUM,  Penis. 

PATERA  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

PATHEMA,  Affection,  Disease. 

PATHEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 

PATHET'IC,Pa<*ei'icu«,from  waSuv,  'to  feel.' 
That  which  moves  the  passions.  A  name  given 
to  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  and, 
also,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathetic  Muscle,  Oblique  superior  of  the  eye. 

Pathetic  Nervb,  Nervus  Pathetficus,  N.  tro- 
ehlea'ris  sen  trochleato'rius  seu  trochlea'tor,  the 
4th  pair  of  nerves,  (F.)  Oculo-musculaire  interne 
(Ch.,)  Nerf  pathltique,  is  the  smallest  encephalic 
nerve.  It  arises  behind  the  inferior  part  of  the 
tubercula  quadrigemina  (testes)  at  the  lateral 
parts  of  the  valvula  Vieussenii.  Its  roots  unite 
into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes  a  turn 
upon  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  and  passes  into 
a  canal  of  the  dura  mater  near  the  posterior  cli- 
noid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  broadest 
part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  terminates  in 
the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  by  divi- 
ding into  several  filaments. 

PATHETISM,  Magnetism,  animal 

PATHIC,  Morbid. 

PATHICAL,  Morbid. 

PATHICUS,  Morbid. 

PATHNE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOGENETIC,  Pathogenet'icus,  Patho- 
gen'icue.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  Relating 
to  pathogeny. 

Pathogenetic  Physiology,  Physiolog"ia  pa- 
thogenet'ica.  That  part  of  physiology  which  re- 
lates to  the  origin  of  disease. 

PATHOGENICUS,  Pathogenetic. 

PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogcn'ia,  Nosogen'esis, 
Xoaogen'ia,  from  va$os,  'a  disease/  and  ytvtan, 
'generation.'  The  branch  of  pathology  which 
relates  to  the  generation,  production  and  develop- 
ment of  disease. 

PATHOGNOMONIC,  Pathognomon'icus,  Sig- 
num  conjunc'tum  seu  char acteris'ti cum  seu  morbi 
essentia' U  ;  from  xaSos,  'an  affection/  and  v<- 
vwrw,  '  I  know.'  A  characteristic  symptom  of  a 
disease. 

PATHOG'RAPHY,  Pathograph'ia,  from  va~ 
&or,  'disease,'  and  ypa<pu>,  'I  describe.'  A  de- 
scription of  disease. 

PATHOLOGIA,  Pathology  — p.  Humoralis, 
Humorism — p.  Solidaris,  Solidism. 

PATHOLOG"ICAL,  Palholog"icus,  Pathol'o- 
gus ;  same  etymon  as  pathology.  Relating  to 
pathology.     Often  used  in  the  sense  of  pathicaL 

Pathological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

PATHOLOGIST,  Pathol'ogus.  Same  etymon. 
One  versed  in  pathology. 

PATHOL'OGY,  PathematoVogy,  Patholog"ia, 
Pathcmatolog,fia,  Patholoy"icet  from  vaSos,  'a 
disease/  and  loyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  branch 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  dis- 
ease. It  has  been  defined  diseased  physiology, 
and  physiology  of  di»*ase.  It  is  divided  into  ge- 
neral and  special  The  first  considers  diseases 
in  common ;  —  the  second,  the  particular  history 


of  each.  It  is  subdivided  into  internal  and  «os- 
ternalf  or  medical  and  surgical. 

Pathology,  Humoral,  Humorism. 

PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapathifat  Moral  Tsum- 
nity,  from  va$os,  'a  disease/  and  man  to.  Ma'mim 
sine  Delir'io.  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper,  ha- 
bit*, moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulse*, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect  or  knowing  and  reasoning  faculties,  said 
particularly  without  any  insanity  or  halluci- 
nation. 

PATHOMYOTOM'IA;  from  raft*,  'affectum/ 
uvs  or  fivuv,  '  muscle/  and  ro/t*, '  incision/  The 
title  of  a  work  by  Dr.  John  Bulwer  (1649),  being 
"  a  dissection  of  the  significative  muscles  of  the 
affections  of  the  mind/' 

PATHOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATHOS,  Affection,  Disease. 

PATIENCE,  Rumex  patientia  —  p*  a? Earn, 
Rumex  hydrolopathum — p.  Garden,  Romex  pa- 
tientia— p.  Rouge f  Rumex  sanguineus  — p.  Ssut- 
vaqe,  Rumex  acutus. 

PATIENT,  see  Sick. 

PATIENTIA,  Rumex  patientia. 

PATIENTLfi  MUSCULUS,  Levator  teapena. 

PATNE,  Alveolus. 

PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATOR  NA'RIUM.  The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing of  the  nostrils. 

PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 

PA TTE  jyOIE  (P.), « Goose's  foot.'  An  apo- 
neurotic expansion,  which  covers  the  internal 
surface  of  the  tibia  at  its  upper  part,  and  consists 
of  the  expansion  formed  by  the  tendons  of  lbs 
sartorius,  gracilis,  and  semi-tendinoeus  muscles. 

PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pan  is  the  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is 
about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  50  from 
Bayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that  of 
the  south-west  of  France  generally;  its  great 
quality  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring, 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids  la- 
bouring under  chronic  affections  of  the  mueous 
membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the  con- 
sumptive ;  and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheumatic 

PAULLIN'IA.  This  is  an  extract  from  a  plant 
of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.  It  is  prepared  bj 
the  Indians,  and  appears  to  possess  excitant 
powers.  In  Brazil,  and  the  neighbouring  coon- 
tries,  it  is  given  in  the  form  of  tisane — the  pow- 
der being  mixed  with  cocoa — in  diarrhoea  and 
dysentery.  It  has  been  employed  also  as  a  tonic 
An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from  PauUiui* 
sor'bilis,  known  there  under  the  name  of  Gwe~ 
rana,  which  is  administered  in  similar  pathologi- 
cal cases. 

PAUME  DE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 

PAUNCH,  Ingluvies. 

PAUONTA,  Sedatives. 

PAVPIERE.  Palpebra. 

PAUSIME'NIA,  from  revmc  'cessation/  sad 
urpfts,  'menses.'     Cessation  of  the  menses. 

PAVANA  WOOD,  Croton  tiglium. 

PAVIL'ION.  The  French  give  the  name  s«- 
villon,  to  the  expanded  extremity  of  a  canal  or 
cavity,— for  example,  of  a  catheter,  sound,  *c 

Pavilion  of  the  Ear,  AurtVufe,  Pimm*. 
O'tium,  Ala,  (F.)  Auricule  ou  OriemU,  Parilk* 
de  Voreille,  is  seated  behind  the  cheeks,  benesta 
the  temple,  and  anterior  to  the  mastoid  process. 
Its  size  varies  in  individuals.  It  is  tree  above, 
behind,  and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  if 
continuous  with  the  neighbouring  parts.  lis 
outer  surface  has  several  prominences,  the  JBTcftc. 


PAVZLLON 


640 


PBCTORALS 


AntHelvr,  Tragv*,  Antitrvgw,  and  Lobe  ;  and  se- 
reral  cavities — the  groove  of  the  Helix,  the  foeea 
navicularit  sea  ecaphoidee,  and  the  Concha.  The 
skin  which  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine,  and 
studded  wi*h  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
areolar  ligaments;  —  a  euperior,  anterior,  and 
posterior. 

PAVILION  DE  V OREILLE,  Pavilion  of 
the  ear — p.  de  la  Trompe,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana.   4 

PAVIMENTUM  CEREBRI,  Base  of  then 
brain. 

PA  VINA,  JEsculus  hippooastanum. 

PAVITA'TIO,  Tremor;  from  pavor,  *  dread/ 
Trembling  for  fright 

PAVOPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PAVOR,  (L.),  Dread.  Great  fright  Pano- 
phobia. 

Pavo'res  Nocttjr'hi  bbu  Dormieh'ttum.  Fear 
during  sleep. 

PAVOT,  Papaver. 

PAW,  Manus. 

PAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAXYWAXY,  see  Nucha. 

PAZAHAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA,  Pisum  —  p.  Garden,  Pisum — p.  Ground 
Squirrel,  Jeffersoniana  Bartoni — p.  Hoary,  Galega 
Virginiana — p.  Love,  Abrus  precatorius — p.  Nut, 
Araohis  hypogea — p.  Partridge,  Cassia  chamee- 
crista — p.  Pisum — p.  Turkey,  Galega  Virginiana. 

PEACH  BRANDY,  Amygdalus  Persica— p. 
Tree,  Amygdalus  Persica — p.  Wood,  see  Csesal- 
pinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  malus. 

PEARL,  Perla,  Mar'garon,  Margari'ta,  Mar- 
gel' Hum,  Marge' lie,  Wnio,  (P.)  Perle.  A  round- 
ish concretion  of  a  silvery  white  colour,  and  bril- 
liant polish,  found  in  several  shells,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Avic'ula  margaritifera,  which  has, 
hence,  been  called  Mater  perlarum,  Margari'ta, 
and  Mother  of  pearl,  and  is  much  used  in  the  fa- 
brication of  handles  for  surgical  instruments,  Ac. 
Pearls  were  formerly  given  in  powder  as  astrin- 
gents and  antacids.  They  consist  of  lime  and  an 
animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce — p.  Mother 
of,  see  Pearl— p.  White,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 

PEA  U,  Cutis. 

PEA  UGIER,  Platysma  myoides. 

PECAN  or  PECCAN  NUT,  see  Hickory. 

PECCANT,  Peccant,  from  peccare,  'to  sin.' 
Morbid,  not  healthy.  An  epithet  given  by  the 
humourists  to  the  humours  when  erring  in  qua- 
lity or  quantity.    See  Materia  Morbosa. 

PECHEDEON,  Perinaeum. 

PECIIER,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PECHIAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

PECHU'RIM  sen  PICHU'RIM  CORTEX.  A 
highly  aromatic  bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of 
laurus.  It  is  extremely  fragrant,  like  that  of 
cinnamon,  which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  pro- 
perties. In  Portugal  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of 
dysentery,  Ac.    See  Pichurim  beans. 

PECH'YAGRA,' PecA'taora,  Ancon'agra,  Pec- 
tihagra,  from  "ftufc  '  the  elbow/  and  aypa,  '  a 
seizure.'     Gout  affecting  the  elbow. 

PECHYS,  Elbow. 

PECHYTYRBE,  Porphyra  nautica. 

PECTE,  Cheese. 

PECTEN,  Pubes.    Also,  a  comb. 

Pecten  Dentium,  Sepes  dentium — p.  Veneris, 
Scandix  ccrefolium. 

PECTIHAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

PECTIN,  from  irtxris,  *  a  coagulum.'  A  name 
given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  which  forms 
the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.    It  is  extensively 


diffused  in  the  juices  of  pulpy  fruits  and  root*, 
especially  when  they  are  mature ;  and  occasions 
these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are  mixed 
with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  elemen- 
tary principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pectinaceoue. 

PECTINACEOUS,  Pectinous. 

PECTINA'LIS,  from  pecten,  'the pubes ;'  Pec- 
tina'us,  Mus*  cuius  lit/idus,  Pectina'tue,  (P.)  Pubio- 
fimoral,  Suepubio-fimoral  (Ch.),  Pectini.  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  triangular ;  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  space  which  separates  the 
ileo-peetineal  eminence  from  the  spine  of  the  os 
pubis  ,*  and,  below,  by  a  flat  tendon,  to  the  ob- 
lique line  which  descends  from  the  lesser  tro- 
chanter to  the  linea  aspera.  The  peotinalis  bends 
the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  outwards  in 
adduction  and  rotation.  It  may  also  bend  the 
pelvis  on  the  thigh.  i 

PECTINATED,  Peotina'Uu,  Pectin' if omx, 
Pectinate,  (F.)  Pectini,  from  pecten,  'a  comb.' 
Having  the  shape  of  the  teeth  of  a  comb. 

Pectinated  Muscles,  Pectina'ti  mus'culi.  The 
fascicular  texture  observed  in  the  right  auriole 
of  the  heart:  —  Mus'culi  Auric'ula  Pectina'ti. 
Their  main  use  probably  is — to  prevent  the  over 
dilatation  of  the  auricles. 

PECTINATUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTIN^,  Pectinalis,  Pectinated. 

PECTINEUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINIFORM,  Pectinated. 

PECTINOUS,  Pectina'ceue,  Peetino'eue,  Pee- 
tina'ceoue,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, — as  a  pectinous  or  pectina- 
ceoue  vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL,  from  pectus,  'the  breast'  Re- 
lating to  the  breast     Stee  Pectorals. 

PECTORAL,  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PBCTORALE,  Corset 

PECTORALIS  INTERNTJS,  Triangularis 
gterni. 

Pectora'lis  Major,  from  pectus,  '  the  breast' 
Pectora'lie,  Sterno-cleidq-brachia'lis,  (F.)  Sterno- 
coeto-clavio-humiral,  Stemo-humiral  (Ch.),  Grand 
Pectoral.  A  large,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  chest,  before  the  ax- 
illa. It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means 
of  aponeurotic  fibres,  to  the  inner  half  of  the  an- 
terior edge  of  the  clavicle ;  to  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  sternum,  and  to  the  cartilages  of  the  first 
six  true  ribs; — on  the  other,  by  a  strong  tendon, 
which  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  edge  of  the  bici- 
pital groove  of  the  humerus.  The  use  of  this 
muscle  is,  to  move  the  arm  in  various  directions. 
If  it  be  hanging  by  the  side  of  the  body,  it  carries 
it  inwards  and  a  little  forwards.  When  the  arm 
is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  carries  it  inwards. 
It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation  inwards.  If  the 
humerus  be  raised  and  fixed,  the  pectoralis  ma- 
jor draws  the  trunk  towards  the  upper  extremity. 

Pectora'lis  Minor,  Serra'tue  anti'cue  minor, 
(P.)  Costo-coracoldien  (Ch.),  Petit  Pectoral,  Petit 
denttli  antirieur.  This  muscle  is  situate  beneath 
the  preceding,  at  the  anterior  and  upper  part  of 
the  chest  It  is  flat  and  triangular;  is  attached 
by  its  base,  which  appears  digitated,  to  the  upper 
edge  and  outer  surface  of  the  3d,  4th,  and  5th 
true  ribs,  and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  coracoid  process.  The  pectoralis  minor  draws 
the  scapula  forwards  and  downwards,  and  makes 
it  execute  a  rotatory  motion,  by  virtue  of  which 
its  inferior  angle  is  carried  backwards,  and  the 
anterior  depressed.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  elevates  the  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
aids  in  the  dilatation  of  the  chest 

PECTORALS,  Pectora'lia,  Thorao"iea.    Mf> 


PEGTORILOQUS  4 

etteines  considered  proper  for  relieving  or  remo- 
ving affections  of  (be  cheek 

Pectoral  Drops,  Batbm  ait's,  consist  chiefly 
of  tincture  of  castor,  with  some  camphor  and  opi- 
um, flavoured  bj  aniseed.  Gray  gives  the  follow- 
ing formula:  Castor,  Jj;  oL  anisi,  SJj;  camps. 
£▼ J  cocci,  JJiss  ;  opo,  JJvj  5  proof  spint,  a  gallon. 

A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  is  the  following : — 
Alcohol.  diL  cong.  iv ;  Santal.  rubr.  ras.  Jj ;  di- 
gere  per  horas  xxiv;  cola,  et  adde  Pulv.  opii, 
Pulv.  catecku,  Camphorm,  aa  Jy \  01.  oMit,  gtr. 
Digest  for  ten  days. 

PECTORILOQUE,  from  pectus,  'the  chest,' 
and  loqui,  'to  speak.'  Lae*nneo  calls  thus  one 
who  presents  the  phenomenon  of  Peetoriloquism. 
Also,  a  stethoscope. 

PECTORILOQUY,  Pectoriloquy— p.  ChSv- 
rotante,  Egophony. 

PEC'TO  RILOQUY,  PectoriVoquism,  Cav'ernotu 
voice,  Pectorilo'quia,  (P.)  Peetoriloquie,  Voix  ca- 
9emeuse,  V.  articulSe.  Same  etymon.  Speech 
or  voice  coming  from  the  chest  Lae'nnec  has 
designated,  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
presented  by  consumptive  individuals,  when  their 
chests  are  examined  with  the  stethoscope.  The 
Toice  seems  to  issue  directly  from  the  chest,  and 
to  pass  through  the  central  canal  of  the  cylinder, 
—  a  phenomenon  owing  to  the  voice  resounding 
in  the  anfractuous  cavities,  produced  in  the  lungs 
by  the  suppuration  or  breaking  down  of  tuber- 
cles, which  constitute  abscesses  or  ulcers  of  the 
lungs. 

PECTUS,  Sternum,  Thorax  — p.  Carinatum, 
see  Carina. 

PECULIUM,  Penis. 

PKDAGRA,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus. 

PEDAL,  Peda'lis,  from  pes,  pedis,  *  the  foot, 
Relating  to  the  foot :  —  as 

Pedal  Aponeurosis,  (P.)  Aponevrose  pfdieuse. 
A  thin,  aponeurotic  layer,  which  invests  the  ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis,  and  separates  the 
tendons  of  the  foot  from  each  other. 

PEDES,  Genital  Organs. 

PEDESIS,  Pulsation. 

PEDETHMOS,  Pulsation. 

PEDIAL'GIA,  Pedional'gia,  PedioneutuPgia, 
from  irtStor,  'the  sole  of  the  foot,'  and  «W 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sole  of  the  foot  Neuralgia 
of  the  foot  in  general. 

PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesioula  nmbi- 
lioalis. 

PEDICTJLARIA,  Delphinium  stapbisagria. 

PEDICULATIO,  Phtheiriasis. 

PEDIC'ULUS,  Phtheir,  the  Louse,  (P.)  Pou. 
A  genus  of  parasitic  insects.  The  human  body 
is  infested  with  three  kinds :  the  Body-louse,  or 
Clothes-louse,  Pedic'ulus  vestimen'ti,  (P.)  Pou  de 
corps;  the  Head-louse,  Pedic'ulus  cttp'itis,  (P.) 
Pou  de  la  tite,  which  lives  in  the  hair;  the 
Crab-louse,  Mor'pio,  Fera' lis  pedic'ulus,  Plat'ula, 
Phthi'rius  inquina'lis,  Pedic'ulus  Pubis,  (P.)  Mor- 
pion,  which  infests  the  hair  of  the  pubes.  Infu- 
sion of  tobacco,  or  mercurial  ointment,  or  oint- 
ment of  white  precipitate  of  mercury,  or  the  white 
or  red  precipitate  of  mercury,  readily  destroys 
them.  The  louse  occurring  in  phtheiriasis,  pedic'- 
ulus tabescen'tium,  differs  from  the  common  louse. 
— Vogei 

Pedn*jlus  Capitis,  see  Pediculus  — p.  Pubis, 
Crab-louse— p.  Tabescentium,  see  Pediculus— p. 
Vestimenti,  see  Pediculus. 

PEDICURE,  Chiropodist 

PEDICUS,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

PtDfEUX  (muscle),  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PBDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra. 


*  PELARGONIUM 

PBDILUTIUM,  from  pedes,  'the  feet/  «s*| 
law,  *  I  wash.'  Lavipe'dium,  (F.)  Bain  efe  pied. 
A  bath  for  the  feet    See  Bath. 

PEDION,  Sole. 

PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIONEURALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PJSDONCULES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpse* 
restiformia. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet 

PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'culus.  This  terse  has 
been  applied  to  different  prolongations  or  appen- 
dices of  the  encephalon,  from  pes,  pedis,  '  a  foot' 
Thus,  the  Peduncles  of  the  brain  are  the  Crmm 
cerebri;  the  Peduncles-  of  the  cerebeflmm,  the 
Crura  cerebelli. 

Peduncles  of  the  Brain,  Pedun'rmli  c*rJebri, 
called,  also,  Crura  anterio'ra  meduflet  ofrfoneVtev 
are  two  white  oords,  about  f  ths  of  aa  inch  hi 
diameter,  on  the  outside  of  the  corpora  albieeatia. 
They  arise  from  the  medullary  substance  of  the 
brain,  and  gradually  approach,  till  they  join  the 
tuber  annulare.  They  are  formed,  internally,  of 
a  mixture  of  cineritious  and  medullary  matter; 
the  former  of  which,  being  of  a  darker  colour  at 
one  part  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  brain, 
has  been  called  Locus  niger  erumm  cerebri. 

Peduncles  or  the  Cerebellum.  Pedsm'cuU 
cerebel'U,  called,  also,  Crura  posterio'ra,  are  six 
in  number,  three  on  each  side  —  a  superior,  a 
middle,  and  an  inferior.  The  superior  peduncles 
are  generally  known  as  the  Processus  eerebeUi 
ad  testes,  Crura  cerebel'U  ad  corpora  quadrigem- 
ina,  Bra'chia  copulati'va;  the  inferior  are  the 
Processus  cerebelli  ad  tnedullam  oblongatam  ;  and 
the  middle  are  called,  also,  Cerebeflar  peeTwmcis* 
— Proces'sus  sen  Crura  cerebel'U  ad  ponlcm,  Bret- 
ehia  pontis. 

Peduncles,  Inferior  of  the  Ccrkebuxm, 
Corpora  restiformia — p.  of  the  Medulla  Oblongata, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

Peduncles  of  the  Pineal  Gland  are  tws 
medullary  bands  or  strips,  which  seem  to  issue 
from  the  pineal  gland,  and  proceed  on  each  slat 
upon  the  upper  and  inner  region  of  the  opus 
thalami. 

Pedunculi  Cerebellt,  Peduncles  of  the  Cere- 
bellum— p.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  Brain— p> 
Medulla  Oblongata,  Corpora  restiformia. 

PEDUNCULUS,  Peduncle. 

PEGA,  Canthus  (lesser). 

PEGANEKSON,  Oleum  ruta'cemm,  Ohsm 
rutai,  from  wzyavov,  'rue.'    Oil  of  Rue. 

PEGANUM,  Ruta. 

PEINE.  Hunger. 

PEINOTHERAPIA,  Limotherapeia. 

PEIRA,  Effort,  Experience,  Niaus. 

PELADA.  A  word  of  uncertain  origin,  ap- 
plied to  alopecia,  especially  to  that  resulting  frost 
syphilis. 

PELA'GIA.  A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of  is* 
hands  —  sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of  tat 
face.     Pellagral?) 

PELAGRA,  Pellagra. 

PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS,  PerWtrre  st- 
eep*. A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Orel.  Genv 
niaoeee ;  the  decoction  of  which  is  used  by  the 
Malays  in  amenorrhoea,  and  to  promote  neranv 
tion  and  abortion. 

Pelargonium  AimDYBEiiTKR'icnr,  JenHm*'- 
nia  antidwsenter'iea.  This  South  African  plant  a 
used  by  the  natives  in  dysentery.  It  is  boQei  is 
milk. 

-  Pklargo'ntum  Cucuxla'tu*.  Common  akef 
the  side  of  the  Table  Mountain.  It  has  been  n- 
eommended  in  decoction  as  an  enema  in  cess, 
nephritis,  and  suppression  of  urine.    It  is  as  as* 


PELICAN 


6S1 


PELVIS 


eellcnt  emollient,  and  wu  formerly  exported  to 
Holland  under  the  name  fferba  Althaea. 

Pelaroo'hiuk  TribtI,  Polyae'tium  trieti.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  is  somewhat  astringent,  and  is  need 
there  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  and  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

PEL'ICAN,  Pelica'nue,  PeUca'nus,  Pel'eean, 
PeVeeae.  An  instrument,  curved  at  the  end  like 
tho  beak  of  a  pelican.  Its  use  is  to  extract  teeth. 

PE LIC IDE,  Pelu'di,  Mel  eoctum.  Boiled 
honey. — Roland  and  Johnson. 

PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELIDNOMA,  Eeohymoma,  Pelioma. 

PELIO'MA,  Pelidno'ma,  from  irtXoy,  'black.' 
A  livid  ecchymosis. — Forestus.  See  Eeohymoma. 

pfiLIOSE,  Purpura. 

PELI08IS,  Purpura  hemorrhagica— p.  Rheu- 
matioa,  see  Purpura  simplex. 

PELLA,  Cutis,  Prepuce. 

PEL'LAGRA,  PeVagra,  Ichthyo' tie  Pellagra, 
Elephanti'aeie  Ital'ioa,  Tuber  Pellagra,  Lepra 
Mediolanen'eie,  L.  Lombard' tea,  Seorbu'tue  alpi'- 
nue,  Ma'nia  pella'gria,  Erythe'tna  endem'icwn  seu 
pel'lagrum,  Ineolaxione  de  Primavera,  Mai  del 
Sole,  Dermat'agra,  Eryeip'elae  period' ica  nervo'- 
ta  ehron'iea,  Mai  de  mi  sere,  Paral'yeie  teorbu'tica, 
Scurvy  of  the  Alpe,  Impeti'go  Pellagra,  (P.)  Scor- 
but  dee  Alpe*;  from  «AAa,(?)  'skin/  and  eypa, 
1  seizure.'  A  disease,  particularly  noticed  among 
the  Milanese,  which  consists  in  the  skin  becoming 
covered  with  wrinkles,  and  assuming  a  scaly  ap- 
pearance, especially  in  the  parts  exposed  to  the 
air.  The  strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual 
faculties  and  sensations  become  obsoure,  and 
cramps,  convulsions,  and  other  lesions  of  mus- 
cular contractility  supervene.  It  is  a  singular 
endemio  affection,  and  has  been  supposed  to  fol- 
low every  where  the  introduction  of  Indian  corn : 
henee  the  name  Rapha'nia  malz'tioa,  given  to  it 
by  some  of  the  Italian  physicians. 

PELL  ENS,  from  pellere, '  to  drive.'  Driving ; 
impelling. 

Pbllkx'tia  Medioaven'ta  are  medicines  that 
promote  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  or  ha»- 
morrhoidal  flux. 

PELLICULA  SUMMA,  Epidermis— p.  Su- 
perior, Epidermis. 

PELLICULA!  CORDIS,  Ostiola  cordis. 

PELLIS,  Cutis— -p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

PELLITORY,  Xtathoxylum  fraxineum  — p. 
American,  Parietaria  Pennsylvanica— p.  Bastard, 
Achillea  ptarmica — p.  of  Spain,  Anthemi*  pyre- 
thrum— p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELMA,  Sole. 

PELOR,  Monster. 

PELORIA,  Monster. 

PELORIUM,  Monster. 

PELORUM,  Monster. 

PELOTE  DE  MER,  Pila  marina. 

PELTALIS  seu  PELTATUS  CARTILAGO, 
Thyroid  cartilage,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

PELTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Arum  Virgin'- 
ieum,  Lecon'Ha,  ReneeelaVria,  Arrow  Arum,  Ta- 
raho,  Wampee;  indigenous;  of  the  Order  Araeess. 
The  fresh  roots  and  seeds  are  acrid  stimulants, 
like  Arum. 

PELTIDEA  AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen  eaninus 
— p.  Canina,  Lichen  eaninus  —  p.  Leuoorrhisa, 
Lichen  eaninus  — p.  Malacca,  Lichen  eaninus — 
p.  Spuria,  Lichen  eaninus. 

PELTIGERA  CANINA,  Lichen  eaninus. 

PELUDE,  Pelidde. 

PELVIC,  Pel'vicue,  Pelvi'nue.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  pelvis. 

Pilvic  Aponeurosis,  (¥.)Aponevroeepelvienne. 
A  tendinous  lamina,  given  off  from  the  sides  of  the 
pelvis,  and  from  the  entire  oircusaference  of  the 


brim,  which  passes  into  and  lines  the  pelvis,  and 
is  soon  divided  into  two  distinct  layers;  —  one 
external,  the  lateral  pelvie  or  obturator  faeeia, 
which  continues  to  line  the  sides  of  the  pelvis, 
and  covers  the  obturator  internal  muscle;  the 
other,  internal  or  evperior,  which  passes  inwards 
upon  the  side  of  the  prostate,  bladder,  and  rec- 
tum in  the  male,  and  of  the  bladder,  vagina,  and 
rectum  in  the  female,  in  order  to  form  the  floor 
of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Catttt,  (F.)  davit*  pelvienne.  The 
cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pblyic  Members.    The  lower  extremities. 

Pklvio  Surface  or  the  Il'ixtx.  That  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavity. 

PELVICULA  OCULI,  Orbit. 

PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pelvi-trocU*. 
teria'nue.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  and 
great  trochanter.  The  Pelvi-trochante'rian  region 
is  formed  by  the  muscles — pyramidalie,  two  obtu- 
rator*, gemini,  and  quadratue  femorie,  which  pass 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity  of  the  great 
trochanter. 

PELVIMETER,  Pelyeom'eteTfPelyom'eter^e- 
licom'eter,  Pyelom'eter,  from  pelvie,  and  /icrpor, 
'a  measure/  A  barbarous  hybrid.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  different  instruments,  invented 
for  measuring  the  diameters  of  the  pelvis,  and 
particularly  the  antero-posterior  on  fore-and-aft 
diameter  of  the  brim.  Two  have  been  chiefly 
employed,  especially  by  French  practitioners :  — 
the  Compae  cTfpaieeeur,  and  the  Pelvimeter  of 
Coutouly.  1.  The  Compae  (Ttpaieeeur  or  Col'- 
lipere  of  Baudelocque,  is  formed  like  a  pair  of 
compasses — with  blunt  extremities — the  branches 
of  whioh  can  be  moved  at  will.  One  of  these  is 
applied  to  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on 
the  sacrum.  About  three  inches  must  be  de- 
ducted from  this  measurement  for  the  thickness 
of  the  mons  veneris,  pubis,  and  the  base  of  the 
sacrum.  2.  The  Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resem- 
bles the  instruments  used  by  shoemakers  for 
measuring  the  length  of  the  foot.  The  two 
branches  are  introduced,  in  a  state  of  approxima- 
tion, into  the  vagina;  and  then  separated,  so 
that  one  touches  the  promontory  of  the  sacrum, 
the  other  comes  behind  the  os  pubis.  It  is  a 
barbarous  contrivance,  and  its  introduction  ought 
never  to  be  attempted  on  the  living  subject  It 
does  not,  indeed,  seem  possible  to  introduce  it 
without  mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 
and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 
sacrum  be  unusually  prominent.  Measurement 
of  the  pelvis  by  the  hand  has  been  called  Pely- 
cochirometre'ei*  ;  from  ircAvf,  'the  pelvis/  ^«is, 
'  the  hand,'  and  ftcrocv,  '  measure.' 

PELVIS,  Cho'ana,  Py'eloe,  (F.)  Baeein;  so 
called,  because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like  an 
ancient  basin.  The  part  of  the  trunk  whioh 
bounds  the  abdomen  below.  It  is  a  large,  bony, 
irregular,  oanoidal  cavity, — open  above  and  bel- 
low,— which  supports  and  contains  a  part  of  the 
intestines,  and  the  urinary  and  genital  organs ; 
and  serves,  at  the  same  time,  as  a  fixed  point  for 
the  articulation  of  the  lower  limbs,  the  attach- 
ment of  their  muscles,  and  the  execution  of  their 
movements.  The  pelvis  supports,  behind,  the 
vertebral  column,  and  is  sustained,  before,  by  the 
ossa  femorum.  It  is  situate,  in  the  adult,  near 
the  middle  part  of  the  body,  and  is  composed  of 
four  broad,  flat,  unequally  thick  bones,  differing 
much  in  their  shape,  rise,  and  arrangement,  whioh 
touch,  are  articulated  at  some  part  of  their  sur- 
face,  and  intimately  united  by  means  of  a  number 
of  ligamentous  fascia.  Of  these  bones,  two  are 
behind,  on  the  median  line,  — the  sacrum  and 
the  coccyx;  the  two  others  are  before  and  a*  th« 


PELYCOMRTER 


sides,  — the  Ilia.  They  are  fellowi,  and  unite, 
before,  with  each  other.  The  most  important 
parte  of  the  pelvis,  in  an  obstetrical  point  of  view, 
are  the  brim  and  the  outlet.  The  Brim,  Angus' tia 
abdomina'lis,  Intro'itus,  Apertu'ra  pelvis  superior, 
Upper  Opening  or  •trait  of  the  Cavity  of  the  Pel- 
nit,  (F.)  Detroit  supirieur,  D.  abdominal,  is  the 
narrow  part  which  separates  the  greater  pelvis 
from  the  less — the  false  from  the  true,  Pelvis  vera 
sea  minor.  In  the  well-formed  woman  it  is  ellip- 
tical, and  slightly  inclined  forwards.  Its  antero- 
posterior or  sacro-pubic  diameter,  in  a  standard 
pelvie,  measures  4}  inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts, 
3f  inches ;  its  transverse  or  iliac  or  lateral,  5J 
inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts  4  inches ;  and  its 
oblique  with  the  soft  parts,  4ft  inches.  The  Out- 
let, Ex'itue,  Inferior  opening  or  strait,  Angus' Ha 
perinea' lie,  (F.)  Ditroit  inf incur,  D.  firinial, 
forms  the  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  The 
antero- posterior  diameter  is  here,  on  account  of 
the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches :  the  lateral, 
4  inches.  The  Axis  o»  the  Pelvis  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  Axis  of  the  Brim 
is  indicated  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from  the 
umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx j — the  Axis 
of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  first  bone 
of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the  vagina.  An 
imaginary  curved  line  which  indicates  the  direc- 
tion of  the  canal  of  the  pelvis,  has  occasionally 
been  termed  the  curve  of  Carus,  in  consequence 
of  its  having  been  pointedly  described  by  the 
German  obstetrician. 

Pelvis  Aurium,  Cochlea— p.  Cerebri,  Infundi- 
bnlum  of  the  brain. 

Pelvis  of  the  Kidney,  Pelvie  rena'lie  seu 
renum,  Si  nut,  Venter  seu  Alvus  Rennm,  (F.)  Bas- 
sinet. This  is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occu- 
pying the  posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney.  It  is  placed  behind  the  renal  artery 
and  vein ;  is  elongated  from  above  to  below ; 
flattened  from  before  to  behind ;  irregularly  oval 
in  figure ;  and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to 
be  continuous  with  the  ureter.  It  receives  the 
orifices  of  the  infundibula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

Pelvis  Minor,  Pelvis — p.  Ocularis,  Scaphium 
oculare  — p.  Renalis,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — p. 
Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney— p.  Vera,  Pelvis. 
PELYCOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PEMMICAN.     Meat  cured,  pounded,  and 
mixed  with  fat    It  has  been  much  used  as  nutri- 
ment on  long  overland  journeys. 

PEM'PHIGUS,  Emphly'eie  Pemphigus,  Pom'- 
pholyx,  from  irip<pi£,  'a  blister;'  Febris  buUo'ea, 
vesicula'ris,  ampullo'sa  seu  pemphigo'des  seu  pem- 
phingo'des,  Exanthe'ma  seroeum,  Morta,  Pem'- 
phigue  morta,  Pemphigus  Helveticue,  Pemphigus 
major,  Pemphigue  minor,  Morbus  bullosus  sen  ve- 
eicula'rto  seu  ampulla'ceut,  Pem'phinx,  Pemphix, 
Pemphyx^  Typhus  vesicula'ris,  Vesic'ular  Fever, 
Bladdery  Fever,  (F.)  Fihtre  bulleuee,  F.  Vesicu- 
laire.  A  disease,  defined  to  consist  of  vesicles, 
scattered  over  the  body ;  transparent,  filbert-sized, 
with  a  red,  inflamed  edge,  but  without  surround- 
ing blush  or  tumefaction ;  on  breaking,  disposed 
to  ulcerate ;  fluid,  pellucid  or  slightly  coloured ; 
fever,  typhous.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  such 
■idiopathic  fever  have  ever  existed:  the  proba- 
bility is,  that  the  fever  and  vesications  have  been 
an  accidental  complication.  Cullen  thinks  the 
Pemphigue  Helveticue  must  have  been  malignant 
gore  throat.  If,  however,  such  a  distinct  disease 
did  exist,  it  was  probably  only  as  an  endemioo- 
epidemic 

Pexpaicm  ft  Hukgaricub,  see  Anthrax  —  p. 
Major,  Pen»*»hi?us  — p.  Minor,  Pemphigus — p. 
Mortal  Pemphigus — p.  Variolodes,  see  Varicella. 


652  PE2TOATTJ6 

PEMPHINX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHIX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHYX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPTJEA  FEBRI6,  Quintan. 
PENiEA  MUCRONATA,  see  6areocolle— p. 
Sarcocolla,  Sarcocolla. 
PENCIL -LIKE  PROCESSES,  Styloid  pro- 


PENDULOUS  ABDOMEN,  Physconia. 

PENDULUM  PALATI,  Velum  pendulum 
palati. ' 

PEN'ETRATING,  Pen'etratu,  from  penetrm, 
{penitus  intrare,)  'to  go  into.'  A  wound  is  » 
called  which  penetrates  one  of  the  great  splanchnic 
cavities  —  Vulnue  penetrans. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  i 
to  pass  through  the  pores,  and  stimulate. 

PENICILLUM,  Compress,  Penicillns. 

PENICIL'LUS,  Penicill'um,  's,  painters 
brush ;'  diminutive  of  penis,  *  a  taiL'  A  tent  or 
pledget  The  secreting  glandiform  extremities 
of  the  vensd  porta?,  (Aue"ini  bilio'ei)  have  bee* 
so  termed,  as  well  as  the  villous  textures. 

Penicillcb,  Tent 

PENICULUM,  Compress. 

PENICULUS,  Tent 

PENIDES,  Saccharum  hordeatum. 

PENID'IUM,  Penidium  sacchara'tum.  A  kind 
of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into  rolls.  Barky 
sugar.  It  is  demulcent;  see  Saccharum  horde- 
atum. 

P^NIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail/  from  pendert,  'to bang  down:* 
Caulis,  Coles,  Coulee,  Cauloe,  Men' tula,  Jfarta, 
Phall'us,  Posthe,  Pros'thium,  Crithe,  Cor'ymf.  Tu- 
rner, Pater  om'niuM  viven'tium,  Pria'pu*,  Yirye, 
V.  viri'lis,  V.  genitalis,  Vere'trum,  Sathi.  Mrs*- 
brum  viri'le,  Membrvm,  Yerbus,  Yirt'Uy  Pare  Fi. 
ri'lis,  Membrum  seminale  seu  genitali  rtrt'rM, 
Morion,  Cyon,  Sic'ula,  Tentum,  Hosta,  H.  svpria'- 
lis,  //.  viri'lis,  Yas,  Vae'cuium,  Pecu'lium,  Itr*- 
gula,  Vir,  TKyrsus,  Teneus,  Clam,  Gaud*  safcu-, 
Cauda,  Fas'cinum,  F.  viri'U,  Muto,  3'mw,  X. 
fistulo'sue  seu  fistula'ris  seu  jurcui'lis,  Prr'tk* 
per  se,  Scapus,  Leco,  Cureu'lio,  Vena,  Conrw*.  T«- 
lum,  Qurgu'lio,  Sceptrum,  Arma,  Gla'diu;  Ln- 
bricum  Caput,  Muti'nus,  Palus,  Pes'emlmsx,  JZWtf'V, 
Ramus,  Rutab'ulum,  Anna  Ventrie,  Goiumna  «#- 
starts  inguin'ibue,  Columna,  Pyr'cmsie,  TreAt, 
Spina,  Catapulta  viri'lis,  Vcrpa,  IfaeftW'ro,  F<r»- 
rus;  the  Yard,  Male  orf/kn,  Ac  (F.)  FV-ye, 
Membrt  viriL  This  organ,  the  use  of  which  is 
to  carry  the  seminal  fluid  into  the  female  orgast 
of  generation,  is  cylindroid,  long,  and  erectik, 
and  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysa 
pubis.  In  the  ordinary  state,  it  is  soft  and  p<s- 
dent  in  front  of  the  scrotum.  During  ereetioa. 
it  becomes  elongated,  upright,  and  assumes  a 
triangular  shape.  Its  upper  surface  is  called  the 
Dorsum  penis,  (F.)  Bos  de  la  verge  /  and.  at  ia 
anterior  surface,  there  is  a  longitudinal  projeetiaa 
formed  by  the  canal  of  the  urethra.  The  tee 
aides  of  the  penis  are  round,  and  its  posterior 
extremity  or  root  is  attached  to  the  pelvis.  Xm 
anterior  extremity  is  free,  and  presents  the  glass, 
prepuce,  and  orifice  of  the  urethra.  The  pens  a 
formed  of  the  corpora  cavernosa,  the  princml 
seat  of  erection ;  the  corpus  spongiosum  of  tat 
urethra  for  the  conveyance  of  the  urine  sad 
sperm,  and  of  the  glans,  which  terminate*  ike 
canal.  The  Arteries  of  the  penis  are  bcancbei 
of  the  internal  pudic.  The  Veins  eorrespead 
with  the  arteries.  The  Nerves  are  from  the  in- 
ternal pudio. 

Penis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland  —  p.  Femineas, 
Clitoris — p.  Lipodermus,  Paraphimosis — p.  Ks- 
liebris.  Clitoris. 
PENNATUS,  Pennifom. 


PENNIFORM 


•53 


PERFORANS 


PEN'NIFORM,  Pennifor'mia,  Penna'tut,  from 

rna,  'a  pen/  and  forma,  'form.'  An  epithet 
muscles  whose  fleshy  fibres  are  inserted  on 
each  side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of 
a  pen  on  their  common  stalk. 

PENNYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 

PENNYROYAL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Hedeoma 
pulegioidea — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  oervina. 

PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

PENS£e,  Viola  tricolor—  p.  Sauvage,  Viola 
tricolor. 

PENSILIA,  Pudibilia. 

PENTAMY'RON,  Pentames'ron,  from  wtm, 
'fire/  and  pvpov,  'ointment.'  An  ancient  oint- 
ment, consisting  of  five  ingredients.  These  are 
said  to  have  been  —  storaz,  mastioh,  wax,  opo- 
balsam,  and  nnguentam  nardinnm. — Paulus,  and 
Ae'tiua. 

PENTAPHAR' MACON,  from  revre,  'five,' 
and  QapftaKov,  '  remedy.'  Any  medicine  consist- 
ing of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPHYLLUM,  Potentilla  reptans. 

PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'- 
chue,  from  rnvrs,  'five/  and  rroj^oy,  'a  book/ 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy. 
By  analogy,  some  surgeons  have  given  the  name 
Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of  external 
diseases  into  five  classes: — wounds,  ulcers,  tu- 
mours, luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENTATH'ETUM,  from  wtm,  'five/  and 
ridtvai,  '  to  place.'  An  ancient  plaster  consisting 
of  five  ingredients. 

PENULA,  Ingluvies. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OP.  This, is  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  England, 
during  the  winter.  It  is  situated  on  Mount's 
Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's  End.  It  is 
5£°  warmer  in  winter  than  London ;  2°  colder  in 
summer ;  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the  spring,  and 
only  about  2i°  warmer  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a 
very  favourable  winter  residence  for  the  phthisical 
invalid. 

PEONY,  PiBonia. 

PEPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation. 

PEPANTICOS,  Maturative. 

PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 

PEPAS'TIC,  Pepae'ticue,  from  wirairw,  'I  con- 
eoct.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power 
of  favouring  the  ooncoction  of  diseases.  Matu- 
rative. 

PEPEIRUS,  Concocted. 

PEPINO,  (S.)  A  cucurbitocea,  which  is  culti- 
vated in  great  abundance  in  the  fields  of  Peru. 
The  pulp  or  edible  part  is  solid,  juicy,  and  well 
flavoured ;  but  is  apt  to  disagree. 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo— p.  Lagenarius,  Cuour- 
"bita  lagenaria — p.  Vulgaris,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PEPPER,  BLACK,  Piper  nigrum— p.  Cayenne, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cubeba — p. 
Guinea,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaica,  Myrtus 
.Pimento— p.  Long,  Piper  longnm — p.  Poor-man's, 
Polygonum  hydropiper — p.  Tailed,  Piper  cubeba 
« — p.  Turnip,  Arum  triphyllum — p.  Water,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper— -p.  Water,  of  America,  Poly- 
fonum  punctatum — p.  Wall,  Sedum  —  p.  White, 
iper  album. 

PEPPERWORT,  Lepidium. 

PEPSIN,  PepJinum,  Chy'moein,  Garter  as*, 
Xh'gee'tive  Prin'ciple,  from  w^ij,  'coction.'  A 
peculiar  organic  matter,  which  in  combination 
<vrith  the  gastric  acids,  is  considered  to  form  the 
proper  digestive  solvent.  Its  chemical  constitu- 
tion is  unknown.  It  would  appear  that  its  pre- 
sence is  necessary  to  induce  changes  in  the  ele- 
ments of  the  food,  which  may  enable  the  gastric 
gvrfds  tc  act  upon  them  so  as  to  form  chyme. 


PEPSINUM,  Pepsin. 

PEPSIS,  Coction,  Digestion. 

PEPTIC,  Pep'ticus,  from  warn*, '  I  ripen.'  All 
agent  that  promotes  digestion,  or  is  digestive. 
Also,  applied  adjeotively  to  an  article  of  food  that 
is  easy  of  digestion. 

Peptic  Persuades,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  Kinss 
Kins. 

PERACUTUS,  Catoxys. 

PERARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 

PERATODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

PERCE-CRANE,  Perforator. 

PERCE-FEUILLE,  Bupleurum  rotundifo- 
lium. 

PBRCE-MOUSSE,  Polytrichum. 

PERCE-PJERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

PERCEP'TA,  from  percipere,  'to  perceive/ 
'receive.'  A  word  used  by  some  writers  on  hy- 
giene to  indicate,  in  a  general  manner,  the  effects 
of  the  nervous  action  on  the  animal  economy ;  in 
other  words,  the  sensations,  the  functions  of  the 
mind,  and  their  deterioration  or  privation. 

PERCEPTION,  Percep'Ho.  The  appreciation 
which  the  brain  has  of  an  impression  made  upon 
an  organ  of  sense. 

PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The  power 
of  perception. 

PERCOLATIO,  Filtration,  Percolation. 

PERCOLA'TION,  Percola'tio,  from  percolate, 
(per  and  colore,) '  to  strain  through.'  The  terms 
percolation  and  displacement  are  applied  in  phar- 
macy to  an  operation  which  consists  in  placing 
any  substance,  the  virtues  of  which  have  to  be 
extracted  by  a  menstruum,  in  a  funnel-shaped  in- 
strument, having  a  septum  perforated  with  holes, 
or  its  tube  stuffed  with  cotton  or  tow,  and  pour- 
ing fresh  portions  of  the  menstruum  upon  it  until 
all  its  virtues  have  been  extracted.  The  opera- 
tion is  used  in  the  formation  of  certain  infusions, 
extracts,  tinctures,  Ac. 

An  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a 
dieplacer  or  percolator. 

PERCOLATOR,  see  Percolation. 

PERCUSS.  Percu'teri,  (P.)  Pereuter,  Frap- 
per.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  To  strike  upon 
with  the  view  of  appreciating  the  resulting  sound. 
To  practise  percussion. 

PERCUS'SION,  Epicrou'eu,  Perctu'no,  from 
percutere,  (per,  and  quatere,)  'to  strike.'  When 
immediate  or  direct  percussion  is  made  on  the 
chest  or  abdomen,  the  more  or  less  perfect  reso- 
nance is  an  index  of  the  state  of  the  contained 
organs ;  and  the  physician  is  thus  sided  in  his 
diagnosis.  For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  be 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into  a  bundle, 
and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  level.  It  is  better, 
however,  to  employ  mediate  percueeion,  which 
consists  in  interposing,  between  the  point  of  the 
fingers  and  the  chest,  the  finger  of  the  other 
hand,  or  a  Plexim'eter,  and  striking  this  instead 
of  the  naked  chest. 
Percussion,  Auscultatory,  see  Acouophonia. 

PERCUTER,  Percuss. 
PERCUTEUR  COURSE  1  MARTEAU, 
(F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Heurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer is  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force  to- 
gether the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the  foreign 
body. 

PERDO'NIUM.    A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
— Paracelsus. 
PERETERIUM,  Trepan. 
PERETORIUM,  Trepan. 
PER'FORANS,  from  perforate,  (per,  and  /o- 
rare,)  'to  bore  through.'    A  name  given  to  diffe- 
rent muscles,  whose  tendons  pass  through  inter- 
vals between  the  fibres  or  tendons  of  other  mus- 
cles;   thence  called  perforated.     See   Flexor 


PERFORATED 


6t4 


PERICARDIUM 


Longus  Digitorum,  Ac.  Under  the  name  Per- 
forating Arteries,  are  included,  1.  In  the  hand — 
arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscles  and  in- 
terosseous spaces.  2.  In  the  thigh — three  or  four 
arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  which  pass 
through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  inagnus. 
8.  In  the  foot — the  anterior  and  superior  branches 
of  the  plantar  arch. 

Perforans  Cabsbrii,  see  Cutaneous — p.  Ma- 
ntis, Flexor  profundus  perforans — p.  Profundus, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans. 

PERFORATED  SPOT,  Locus  perforatus. 

PERFORATING  ARTERIES,  see  Perforans. 

PERFORATIO,  Perforation  —  p.  Cranii,  Bee 
Perforator  —  p.  Intestinoram,  Enterobrosis —  p. 
Ventriouli,  Gastrobrosis. 

PERFORATION,  Perfora'tio,  Anatre'sit,  Di- 
mtre'sis,  from  perforate,  'to  pierce/  An  acci- 
dental opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either 
from  an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perforation,  Paracentesis  — p.  de  VEstomac, 
Gastrobrosis — p.  dee  Intestine,  Enterobrosis — p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PERFORATOR,  Perforato'rium,  (F.)  Perce- 
erane.  An  instrument  for  opening  the  head  of 
the  foetus  in  utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  dimi- 
nish its  size.  The  operation  is  called  Cephalo- 
tom'ia,  Perfora'tio  cra'nii. 

PERFORATORIUM,  Perforator. 

PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is  pierced. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  muscles 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate  to  suffer  other 
parte  to  pass  through  them.  Such  are  the  Flexor 
brevie  digitorum  pedis,  P.  eublimie  perforatus, 
and  Coraco-brachialis.  Also,  to  parts  that  are 
perforated  for  any  purpose — as  the  substantia 
perforata  of  the  brain. 

Perforatus  Cassbrii,  Coraco-brachialis. 

PERFRIC'TIO,  Perfrige'rinm,  Oatapsyx'is, 
Peripsyx'is,  from  perfrigere,  (per,  and  frigere,) 
'  to  shiver  with  cold.'  Considerable  refrigeration. 
Great  sense  of  cold :  — shivering. 

PERFRIGERATIO,  see  Rigor. 

PERFRIGERIUM,  PerfricSo. 

PERFUSIO,  Fomentation  — p.  Frigida,  see 
Affusion. 

PERI,  rtpi,  *  about,  on  all  sides,  round  about' 
An  augmentative  prefix.    Hence : 

PERIJSRE'SIS,  from  irrpi,  « about,'  and  atpcu, 
1 1  take  away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision,  which 
the  ancients  made  in  the  neighbourhood  of  large 
abscesses.  The  periaresis  is  now  only  practised 
In  some  cases  of  tumours. 

PERIAI/GIA,  from  vtp,  'on  all  sides/  and 
mXyos,  *  pain.'    A  very  violent  pain. 

PERIAMMA,  Amuletum. 

PERIAPTON,  Amuletum. 

PERIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

PERIBLEP'SIS,  from  van,  'around/  and 
0Xaru,  '  I  look.'  The  wild  look  that  accompanies 
delirium.  — Foesius. 

PERIB'OLE,  from  w*<0aXX<#,  <I  surround.' 
The  dress  of  a  person.  The  pericardium.  Also, 
♦he  translation  of  morbific  matters  towards  the 
surface  of  the  body. 

PERIBRO'SIS,  Pen'cra'sis,  from  vrpi/?pu«r*«, 
(wtpi,  and  /Spwaw,  'I  eat,')  'I  eat  around.'  Ulce- 
ration or  erosion  at  the  corners  of  the  eyelids. 

PERICARDIAC,  Pericardial,  PericardVa- 
cus  f  same  etymon  as  the  next  Relating  to  the 
pericardium, — as  pericardial  murmur,' '  pericar- 
dial effusion/ ' pericardial  arteries,  veins/  Ac,  Ac 

PERICARDIAL,  Pericardiac. 

PERICARDI'TIS,  from  nepicapliov,  'the  peri- 
cardium/ and  itis,  denoting  inflammation;  In- 


ftamma'tio  Pericardii,  PUurCtis  periear*ii\, 
Cardi'tis  externa  sou  sero'sa  sea  membrane's*, 
Bxocardi'tis,  Injlamma'tion  of  the  pericardium, 
(F.)  Piricardite,  Inflammation  du  Piricardt. 
This  is,  probably,  the  proper  appellation  for  most 
of  those  cases  which  have  received  the  names  of 
Carditis,  Cardipericardi'tis,  and  OardiopeHcar. 
di'tis.  Along  with  signs  of  pyrexia,  the  local 
symptoms  resemble  those  of  pneumonia.  The** 
which  point  out  that  the  pericardium  is  the  seat 
of  disease,  are  the  following :  —  pain,  referred  to 
the  region  of  the  heart,  or  scrobiculus  cordis,— 
sometimes  pungent,  at  others,  dull  and  hear? : 
palpitation,  accompanied  with  spasmodic  twites- 
ings  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  heart,  shooting 
up  to  the  left  shoulder ;  pulsation,  and  sometime* 
soreness  of  the  carotids,  with  tinnitus  murium  and 
vertigo;  the  breathing  is  by  catches;  dyspnea 
considerable;  pulse  jarring,  jerking,  peculiar;  the 
tongue  white,  covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  ths 
skin  often  bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism. 
The  physical  signs  during  the  first  period  are  as 
follows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally 
evident  to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  band 
There  is  soreness  to  the  touch  over  the  intercos- 
tal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  is  the  epi- 
gastric region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed  up- 
wards towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion  it 
usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  aw 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous ;  often  irregular  and  intermittent  The 
pulse  presents  corresponding  characters.  WKl 
effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percussion  mar 
be  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affected.  On  aus- 
cultation, in  addition  to  the  preceding  si^ns, 
there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the  rubbing  or  fric- 
tion bruits  resembling  the  rustling  of  parchment 
or  of  a  sawing  or  rasping  character.  In  son* 
cases,  the  sound  is  like  the  creaking  of  ecv 
leather.  This  has  been  supposed  to  be  pais*- 
gnomonic  of  effused  lymph.  The  most  importeat 
point  in  the  pathology  of  pericarditis  is  its  cca- 
nexion  with  acute  rheumatism ;  and  it  forms  <"< 
of  the  most  dangerous  occurrences  in  the  lata* 
disease.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic  •  in  eixhtf 
case,  it  is,  of  course,  formidable.  The  most  irt- 
ive  depletion  must  be  used ;  with  large  dosw  * 
opium,  counter-irritants,  and  all  the  means  re- 
quired in  the  most  violent  internal  inft&uuat- 
tions. 

Pericarditis  Exsudatobia  SAJtsurstoLxm. 
Hsemopericardium. 

PERICAR'DITJM,  Pericar'dion,  Perth' A 
Membra' na  Cor  circttmpUx'a,  Involu'crmm  *^a 
Ar'cvla  seu  Capsa  sen  Cap'sula  sou  Cam*  era  rb 
Indumen'tum  seu  Pannic'ultis  seu  Membra***  tea 
Theca  seu  Saccus  seu  Sac'culus  sea  Scrotum  K3 
Vagi'na  seu  Vesi'ca  seu  Area  seu  Tkafamm  n- 
ga'lit  sen  Amphico'ma  seu  Bursa  Cordis,  Sae  « 
Capsule  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Piricarde  ;  from  ra. 
'  around,'  and  xapiia, '  the  heart'  The  peri-ar- 
dium  is  a  membranous  sac,  which  envelope*  tfe< 
heart,  and  the  arterial  and  venous  trunks  that 
pass  from  or  into  it  It  is  seated  in  the  separa- 
tion of  the  mediastinum,  above  the  central  ap*- 
neurosis  of  the  diaphragm,  to  which  it  str****? 
adheres.  Its  shape  is  triangular,  like  that  of  £* 
heart ;  to  which  it  is  fitted.  The  pericardial  > 
composed  of  two  membranes : — the  one — «*<""*■• 
— fibrous;  the  other — internal — serous.  The  Ut- 
ter, having  lined  the  inner  surface  of  the  exten-il 
layer,  is  reflected  over  the  heart,  and  covers  *i 
entirely;  without,  however,  having  the  sort 
within  it;  in  which  arrangement  it  reeemri-* 
other  serous  membranes.  The  pericardium  en- 
velops the  heart;  retains  it  in  position,  and  Cat- 
litates  its  movements  by  means  of  tJhe  screws 


PERICARDIUM 


6*5 


PBRIODEIA 


Hold,  Liquor  sen  Aqua  sen  Humor  sen  Lympha 
sen  Uri'na  Pericardii,  Hydrocar'dia,  which  it 
contains  in  greater  or  leas  quantity. 

The  arteriet  of  the  pericardium  are  small,  and 
derired  from  the  superior  phrenic,  anterior  me- 
diastinal and  bronchial.  The  veins  accompany 
them,  and  open  into  the  braohio-  cephalic  No 
nerves  have  been  traced  to  it  The  lymphatic* 
enter  the  lymphatic  glands  that  surround  the 
vena  cava  superior. 

PERICARPIUM.  Epicarpium. 

PERICHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

PERICHONDRITIS,  Infiamma'tio  perichon'- 
drii,  from  perichondrium,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  perichondrium : 
hence  Perichondritis  laryn'gea; — Inflammation 
of  the  perichondrium  covering  the  larynx. 

PERICHONDRIUM,  from  wtpt,  'around,'  and 
X°*tp°s,  '  a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of  a  fibrous 
nature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  are  non-arti- 
cular, and  bears  considerable  analogy  to  the  peri- 
osteum in  organisation  and  uses. 

PERICHRI8IS,  Circumlitto,  Liniment 

PERICJIRISTON,Circumlitio,  Liniment 

PERICLA'SIS,  from  vtpi,  'about,'  and  cAau, 
'  I  break.'  A  comminuted  fracture,  with  denu- 
dation of  the  bone. — Galen,  Foe'sius. 

PERICLYMENUM,  Lonicera  periclymenum 
—p.  Vulgare,  Lonicera  periclymenum.  « 

PERICNE'MIA,  from  xepi,  'about,'  and  Kvnpi, 
'the  leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the  tibia;  — 
the  tibia  itself. 

PERICRANICEDE'MA,  from  pericranium, 
and  oiSnfia,  'a  swelling.'  (Edema  of  the  head, 
owing  to  fluid  effused  under  the  pericranium. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  Pericra'nia, 
from  vcpi,  'around,'  and  Kpaviov,  'the  cranium.' 
The  periosteum,  which  covers  the  cranium  exter- 
nally. 

PERICRASIS,  Peribroais. 

PERIDER'IA,  from  wept,  'around/  and  Srpv, 
'  the  neck.'  Twisting  of  the  cord  round  the  neck 
of  the  child. 

PERIDES'MIC,  Perides'micus  ;  from  «/»*, 
'  around/  and  Sec/tos,  '  a  ligament'  Some  noso- 
logists  have  given  this  name  to  ischuria  caused 
by  a  ligature  round  the  penis  or  by  strioture  of 
the  urethra. 

PERIDES'MIUM ;  from  mpt,  'around/  and 
itoftof,  'ligament'  The  delicate  areolar  tissue 
covering  a  ligament 

PERIDIASTOLE,  see  Diastole. 

PERID'ROMUS,  from  vtpt,  'about,'  and  hp*uo%, 
'a  course.'  The  extreme  circumference  of  the 
hairs  of  the  head. — Gorrous. 

PERIESTICOS,  Salutary. 

PERIGLOTTIS,  Epiglottic  gland:  see  Tongue. 

PERIG'RAPHE,  from  mpiypaty*,  (vcpi,  and 
ypa<f>ta,  'I  write/)  'I  circumscribe.'  The  apo- 
neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis  are 
so  called. — Vesalius. 

PERILYMPH,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis,  spinaL 

PERIMYSIUM,  Fas'cia,  from  wept,  'around/ 
and  /iwj,  '  a  muscle.'  The  areolar  membrane  or 
pheath  —  vagi'na  muscula'ris —  that  surrounds  a 
muscle,  or  its  fasciculi.  The  sheath  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  termed  Perimysium  externum/  of  the 
fasciculi,  Perimysium  internum. 

PER  IN,  Peris,  {rom  wepa,  'a  sac  or  pouch.' 
With  some,  this  means  the  scrotum;  with  others, 
the  testicle;  with  others,  the  vagina;  with  others, 
the  peritonaeum ;  and  with  others,  the  anus. 

PERINEOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

PERINEUM,    Interfemin'eum,  Inter/ami*'- 


eum,  Inter famin'ium,  Interfae'mina,  Her  femin'- 
sum,  Peris,  Perin,  Perineum,  Oressu'ra,  PUchas, 
Am'phipUx,  Peche'deon,  Mesos'celon,  Mesos'celus, 
Perine'on,  Perina'os,  Perine'os,  Tramis,  Tauros, 
Interforatninefum,  Gocho'ni,  Plichos,  Mesometrion9 
Fame*,  Re'gio  Perina'i,  (F.)  P4Hnie.  The  space 
at  the  inferior  region  of  the  trunk,  between  the 
ischiatio  tuberosities,  anus,  and  genital  organs. 
It  is  smaller  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  has 
a  triangular  shape,  and  is  divided  into  two  equal 
parts  by  a  median  line,  called  Raphe.  It  is  oc- 
casionally ruptured  in  labour.  At  times,  it  has 
been  made  to  extend  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  os 
coccygis.  The  part  between  the  pudendum  and 
anus  is  sometimes  called  ante'rior  perine'um,  to 
distinguish  it  from  that  which  extends  from  the 
anus  to  the  ooccyx,  called  posts 'rior  periua'um. 

PERINiEUS,  Perineal. 

PERINE'AL,  Perimt'us,  Perinasa'lis,  Peri- 
nea'lis.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the 
perinaBum ;  as  Perineal  artery,  P.  hernia,  Ac 

Perineal  Aponeurosis,  P.  Fascia. 

Perineal  Artery,  Arte'ria  perinaa'lis,  Su- 
perficial artery  of  the  Perina'um.  A  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  distributed  to  the  perinreum. 

Perineal  Cutaneous  Nerve,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Perineal  Fab'cia,  F.  Perina'i,  Perine'al  apo- 
neuro'sis.  The  fasciffi,  —  superficial  and  deep- 
seated — Perine'al  ligament — Camper's  ligament, 
Trian'gular  lig'ament, — which  belong  to  the  pori- 
nseum. 

Perine'al  Fossa,  Fossa  perina'i,  Ischio-reetal 
fossa.  A  conical  fossa,  the  base  of  which  cor- 
responds with  the  skin  ;  is  formed. anteriorly  by 
the  transversus  perinaei  muscle ;  behind,  by  the 
inferior  border  of  the  gluteus  mnximus ;  inter, 
nally,  by  the  levator  ani;  and  externally,  by  the 
tuber  ischiL  It  is  filled  up  with  fat  and  fibrous 
striae. 

Perineal  Ischuria,  Ischu'ria  Perinea'lis.  A 
name  given  by  Sauvages  to  retention  of  urine, 
caused  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perineum. 

Perineal  Ligament,  see  P.  fascia. 

Perineal  Nerte.  A  branch  of  the  internal 
pudic;  which  is  mainly  distributed  to  the  peri- 
nesum  and  scrotum  of  the  male ;  and  to  the  vulva 
and  perineum  of  the  female. 

Perineal  Region,  Perinssum. 

'PfiRINJSE,  PerinsBum. 

PERINEPHRITIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  pSrinS- 
phrStique,  from  mpt,  'around/  vuppcs,  'kidney/ 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  external  areolar  and  fibrous  membranes  of 
the  kidney,  or  of  their  investing  adipose  areolar 
tissue. 

PERINEPHRUS,  see  Kidney. 

PERINEURION,  Neurilemma. 

PRRINYC'TIDES,  vtpi,  and  nt,  'night*  An 
eruption  appearing  at  night  and  disappearing  by 
day.  —  Erotian. 

PE'RIOD,  Periodus,  Periodefa,  Periodeu'ns, 
Stn'dium,  Circu'itus,  from  mpt,  '  about'  and  'ocos, 
'  way ;'  Circuit.  Periods  are  the  different  phases 
or  revolutions  of  a  disease, — the  epochs  which  are 
distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  disease.  Three 
periods  are  commonly  enumerated.  1.  The  aug- 
mentation, increase,. ox  progress,  (Incremen'tum  ;) 

2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F.)  Mtat  (Status;)  and, 

3.  The  decline  (Decrementum.)  Some  authors 
reckon  only  the  invasion  and  termination. 

Period  is  sometimes  used  in  describing  an  in- 
termittent, for  the  time  between  the  commence 
ment  of  a  paroxysm  and  that  of  the  next,  Id* 
eluding  the  fit  as  well  as  interval. 

Periods,  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODBIA,  Period. 


PERIODEUSIS 


656 


PERISPHAL8IS 


PERIODEUSIS,  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 
VBRIOI)IC"nY,PeHodic"%tai,RhytKm;s&me 
etymon.  The  aptitude  of  certain  physiological 
and  pathological  phenomena,  in  health  or  dis- 
ease, to  recur  at  particular  periods,  after  longer 
or  shorter  intervals,  during  which  they  cease 
completely.  Diseases,  thus  recurring,  are  called 
Periodical  or  rhyth'mical  —  Typo' set. 

PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodolog"ia  ;  from  rt- 
ptoiosr  'a  course  or  circuit,'  and  \oyot,  'a  dis- 
course/ The  dootriae  of  periodicity  in  health 
and  disease. 

PERIODONTITIS,  (P.)  Piriodontite,  Inflate 
motion  de  la  Membrane  alvfolo-dentairc,  from 
rcpi,  *  about,'  and  o&ovs,  '  a  tooth.  Inflammation 
of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  socket  of  a  tooth. 

Periodontitis  Gingiyarum,  Ulitis. 

PERIOD'OSCOPE ;  from  veptotos,  'a  period,' 
and  axoirw,  '  I  view.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Tyler  Smith,  for  the  ready  calculation  of 
the  periodical  functions  of  the  sex.  It  consists 
of  a  movable  circular  dial,  upon  which  the  months 
and  days  are  engraved,  fixed  on  a  pivot  in  the 
centre  of  a  large  plate  on  which  are  numbered 
the  different  conditions  of  the  reproductive  sys- 
tem, as  conception,  abortion,  premature  labour, 
hemorrhage,  labour,  Ac.  By  a  knowledge  of  the 
date  of  conception,  Bay  November  14th,  and  fixing 
the  movable  plate  opposite  the  point  on  the  fixed 
plate  which  indicates  conception,  the  observer  is 
enabled,  at  once,  to  see,  that,  allowing  280  days 
for  gestation,  labour  may  be  expected  about  the 
20th  of  August  The  dial  is  made  of  card-board, 
and  is  affixed  to  a  small  volume,  in  which  its  uses 
and  applications  are  explained. 

PERIODUS  MORBI,  Type  — p.  Sanguinis, 
Circulation. 

PERIODYN'IA,  from  mpi,  and  otvvn,  'pain.' 
A  violent  and  extensive  pain. 

PJSRIONB,  Deoidua. 

PERIORBITA,  Periosteum  or'bita,  from  irtfu, 
'  around,'  and  orbita,  *  the  orbit'  An  appellation 
used,  by  some,  for  the  periosteum  lining  the  orbit, 
which  is  a  continuation  of  the  dura  mater.  The 
inflammation  of  this  periosteum  is  termed  Pert- 
orbi'tis  or  Periorbita tie,  and  Inflamma'tio  period- 
tei  or'bita. 

PERIORBITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTEITIS,  see  Periostitis. 

PERIOS'TEUM,  Periofteon,  Perioeteoe,  Pe- 
rioe'tium,  Circumoseaflif  Membra'na  oeeie,  Omen'- 
turn  ot'eium,  Girewnoeea'lie  Membra' na,  from  vtpt, 
*  around,'  and  ocrsov,  *  a  bone.'  The  periosteum 
is  a  fibrous,  white,  resisting  medium  which  sur- 
rounds the  bones  every  where,  except  the  teeth 
at  their  corona),  and  the  parts  of  other  bones  that 
are  covered  with  cartilage.  The  external  surface 
is  united,  in  a  more  or  less  intimate  manner,  to 
the  neighbouring  parts  by  areolar  tissue.  Its 
inner  surface  covers  the  bone,  whose  depressions 
it  accurately  follows.  It  is  united  to  the  bone  by 
small,  fibrous  prolongations ;  and,  especially,  by 
a  prodigious  quantity  of  vessels,  which  penetrate 
their  substance.  The  periosteum  unites  the  bones 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists  in  their 
growth,  either  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner  surface, 
as  M.  BSclard  demonstrated,  an  albuminous  exu- 
dation, which  becomes  cartilaginous,  and  at  length 
ossifies; —  or  by  supporting  the  vessels,  which 
penetrate  them  to  carry  the  materials  of  their 
nutrition.     See  Medullary  membrane. 

Periosteum  Internum,  Medullary  membrane 
—p.  Orbitte,  Periorbita. 

PBRIOSTI'TIS,  Perioetei'tU,  Inflamma'tio 


periosUei,  from  periosteum  and  itie,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  periosteum. 

PERIOSTO'SIS.  Tumour  of  the  periosteum- 
Tumours  are  so  called  which  are  developed  on 
bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer  membrane. 
These  tumours  are  more  rapidly  developed,  have 
a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and  sooner  disperse 
than  exostoses,  which  they  resemble  greatly. 
PERIPHERAL,  see  Peripheral  aspect. 
Peripheral,  Peripheric,  Peripher'ieal;  from 
vtpi,  *  around,'  and  <pcpu>,  '  I  bear.'  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  the  periphery  or  circumference. 

Peripheral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
circumference  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Pcripk'- 
erad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to 
signify  '  towards  the  peripheral  aspect' 

PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca- 
pillary system. 
PERIPHIMOSIS,  Paraphimosis. 
PERIPLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPLOCA  INDICA,  Hemideamua  Indian. 
PERIP'LYSIS,  from  rep,  and  *Av*«,  '  the  act 
of  washing ;'  Profiu'vium.    A  copious  discharge 
from  any  part,  especially  from  the  bowels. 

PERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripleumo'nia,  JV- 
ripneumoni'tie,  True  peripneu'mong,  from  visa, 
'around,'  and  mrcvpiav,  'the  lung.'  Inflammatkm 
of  the  substance  of  the  lungs.  —  See  Pneumonia. 
Peripneumonia  Bilio'ba.  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accompanied  with  bilious  fever. 

Peripneumonia  Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis  or 
pulmonary  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part  of  the 
chest    Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumonia  Notha,  P.  epu'ria,  J\  pitni- 
to'sa,  P.  catarrha'lis,  Pneumo'nia  nofiba,  Pseudo- 
peripneumonia,  Pseudo-pneumonia,  Perudo-pnen- 
moni'tis,  Bronchoc'ace,  Blennotko'rax,  Obelruc'tie- 
pulmo'num  pituito'eafebri 'lie,  Bronchi* 'tie  astkm'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripneu'mony,  (F.)  PI- 
ripneumonie  bdtarde  onfaueee.  An  inexact  name, 
under  which  some  affections  are  comprised  that 
resemble    pneumonia;    and,  especially    chronic 
bronchitis  with  pleurodynia.  —  See   Bronchitis 
(chronic.) 
Peripneumonia  PrrurrosA,  P.  notha. 
PERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPNEUMONY,  Pneumonia— p.  Bastard, 
Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumont,  Latent.  Peripneumony  whose 
symptoms  are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difficulty. 
PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrictio. 
PERIPYE'MA,  from  ire*,  'about/  and  *w* 
'  pus.'  Suppuration  arouna  an  organ ; — a  tooth, 
for  example. 

PERIRRHCB'A,  Perir'rhoi, from  rcpt,  'about.' 

and  pcu,  'I  flow.'    Afflux  of  fluids  from  every 

point  of  the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to 

remove  them  from  the  economy.    Also,  enu 

PERI8,  Perin. 

PERISCELIS,  Jarretilre. 

PERISCYPHISMUS,  Periscythii 

PERISCYTHIS'MUS,   Petycy'tkietm,    Per?- 

eeytie'mue,   Periecy'tieit,    Periecy'pmirie,    Peris- 

cyphiemus,   Scalping,   from   vcsi,   'around.'  aai 

£«v0w,  'a  Scythian,'  that  is,  'scalping  after  the 

manner  of  the  Scythians.'  An  operation  described 

by  Paulus  of  JBgina.    It  consisted  of  an  iacUtaa 

made  around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  is 

habitual  weakness  of   the  eyes,  pains  of  the 

head,  Ac. 

PERISPHAL'SIS,  Circumduc'tio,  from  np. 
'  about,'  and  vfaXXu,  *  I  move.'  A  circular  motiea 
impressed  on  a  luxated  bone,  for  the  purpose  ef 
reducing  it 


PKRISSODACTYLUS 


«r 


PBRMIXTIO 


PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 
PERISTALTIC,  Systaltic— p.  Action,  Peris- 
tole. 

PERISTAPHYLINUS  EXTERNTJS,  Cireum- 
flexas  musculus — p.  Inferior,  Circumflexus  mus- 
culus  —  p.  Internus,  Levator  palati. 
PERISTERA  ANCEPS,  Pelargonium  anoeps. 
PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 
PERISTER'NA,  from  vcpt,  *  about,'  and  arte- 
vov, '  the  Btenmm.'  The  lateral  parts  of  the  ohest 
PERIS'TOLE,  Mottu  Peristal' ticus,  M.  con*, 
presso'rius  sea  vermicula'ris  sen  testudin'eus,  from 
■xpt, '  around/  and  «tsXAm,  '  I  contract,'  '  I  close.' 
The  peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines,  Motus 
peristal' ticus.  It  consists  of  a  kind  of  undulation 
or  vermicular  movement,  in  appearance  irregular, 
but  in  which  the  circular  fibres  of  the  muscular 
membrane  of  the  intestine  contract  successively, 
from  above  downwards,  in  proportion  as  the 
chyme  advances  in  the  alimentary  canal ;  so  that, 
being  compressed  above,  it  is  pushed  into  the 
next  portion  of  the  intestine,  whose  fibres  are  in 
a  state  of  relaxation.  When  the  fibres  contract 
inversely,  they  occasion  an  antiperistaltic  action. 
The  peristaltic  action  is  involuntary,  and  is  not 
under  the  immediate  influence  of  either  brain  or 
spinal  marrow.  It  continues  for  some  time  after 
death. 

PERISTOMA,  Peristoma. 

PERISTOMIUM,  Mouth. 

PERISTRO'MA,  Peris'toma,  Mus'cus  viUo'sus, 
Crusta  membrana'cea,  Crusta  vermicula'ris,  from 
tctpi,  'around/  and  erpvvwiu,  'to  spread.'  The 
villous  or  mucous  coat  of  the  intestines. — Castelli. 

PERISYSTOLE,  from  *tpi,  'about,'  and 
averokn,  '  contraction.'  The  interval  that  exists 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart, 
which  is  only  perceptible  in  the  dying.  —  Bar- 
tholin. 

PERITERION,  Trepan  perforatif . 

PERITESTIS,  Albuginea. 

PJ2RITOINE,  Peritonaeum. 

PERITOME,  Circumcision. 

PERITONjERIX'IS,  PeritoncBorex'is,  from 
xtpiTovaiov,  'the  peritonaeum/  and  pvywta,  'I 
break.'  Hernia  formed  by  the  rapture  of  the 
peritonaeum. 

PERITONEUM,  Peritoneum,  Peritona'on, 
Peritonei' on,  Peritona'os,  Peritoni'on,  Peritoneoe, 
Velamen'tum  abdomina'U,  Tu'nica  praten'sa  sen 
Operimen'tum  pratensum  seu  Membra'na  abdom'- 
ini»f  Siphar,  Syphar,  Zepach,  Ziphac,  (F.)  Pi- 
ritoine,  from  wsot,  '  around/  and  rttvu,  '  I  stretch.' 
A  serous  membrane,  which  lines  the  abdominal 
cavity ;  extends  over  the  greater  part  of  the  or- 
gans contained  there ;  envelops  them  wholly  or 
in  part,  and  maintains  their  respective  relations 
by  means  of  different  prolongations  and  liga- 
mentous folds : — the  mesentery,  epiploon,  mesoco- 
lon, Ac.  Like  all  the,  serous  membranes,  the 
peritoneum  is  a  sort  of  sac  without  aperture, 
which  covers  the  abdominal  organs,  without  con- 
taining them  within  it,  and  the  internal  surface 
of  which  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a  serous 
fluid.  In  the  male  foetus,  the  peritonaeum  fur- 
nishes a  prolongation,  which  accompanies  the 
testicle  at  the  time  of  its  descent,  and,  in  the 
female  foetus,  forms  the  Canal  of  Nuck.  Below 
the  neok  of  the  gall-bladder,  the  peritonaeum  has 
a  triangular  opening,  called  the  Foramen  or 
Hiatus  of  Winslow,  through  which  it  proceeds 
behind  the  stomach,  to  form  a  sort  of  secondary 
cavity,  called  the  posterior  cavity  of  the  perito- 
naeum, (F.)  Arritre  caviti  peritoniule  ou  CaviU 
des  Epiploons. 

Peritoneum  Duplicator,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic 

42 


PtRJTONITE,  Peritonitij—  p.  PuerperaU, 
see  Peritonitis. 

PERITONFTIS,  Empres'ma  Peritonitis,  Pe- 
ritonmi'tis,  Cauma  Peritonitis,  Inflamma'tio  Pe- 
ritonm'i,  Phleg'moni  peritonei' i,  Phlegmasia  or 
Inflammation  of  the  Peritona'um,  from  perito- 
neum,  and  itis,  denoting  'inflammation.  (F.) 
Piritonite,  Inflammation  du  Piritoine.  The  cha- 
racteristic signs  of  acute  inflammation  of  the 
peritonaeum  are,  —  violent  pain  in  the  abdomen, 
increased  by  the  slightest  pressure,  often  by  the 
simple  weight  of  the  bed-clothes.  It  generally 
occurs  in  the  parturient  state ;  and  begins  on  the 
second  or  third  day  after  delivery.  At  times,  a 
malignant  epidemic,  and  perhaps  contagious,  va- 
riety has  made  its  appearance,  and  destroyed 
numbers  of  females.  This  has  been  described 
under  the  name  Puer'peral  Fever,  Metroperitoni'- 
tis,  Ene'eia  Syn'ochus  Puerpera'ntm,  {¥.)  Piri- 
tonite  puerpirale,  Mitropiritonite  puerpirale, 
Fievre  puerpirale,  Typhus  puerpiral,  Erythema?- 
ie  or  Nonplas'tic  Puerperal  Peritonitis,  Typho- 
ha'mio  Peritoni'tis,  Adynam'ie  or  Malig'nant 
Puer'peral  Fever,  Low  Fever  of  Childbed.  It  is, 
according  to  some,  a  malignant  inflammation  of 
the  peritoneum  and  uterus;  according  to  others, 
a  Uterine  Phlebitis.  In  any  form  it  requires 
active  treatment,  early  employed.  The  ap- 
pearances on  dissection  are  such  as  occur  when* 
ever  a  serous  membrane  has  been  inflamed,  and 
such  inflammation  has  produoed  death : — effusion 
of  fluid  with  flakes  of  coagulable  lymph  in  it; 
appearances  of  vascularity,  Ac,  in  the  membrane. 
The  treatment — in  active  peritonitis — must  con- 
sist of  the  same  course  as  reoommended  under 
Enteritis.  In  the  chronic  kind,  symptoms  must 
be  combated  as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by 
means  of  mercury.  In  the  epidemic  and  malig- 
nant variety,  unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed 
at  the  very  outset,  it  does  harm.  If  used  early, 
it  is  of  deoided  advantage.  Every  thing  de- 
pends upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at  the 
outset 

Peritonitis,  Brtthbitatic,  see  Peritonitis  — 
p.  Nonplastio,  see  Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerperal,  see 
Peritonitis  —  p.  Typhoh&mie,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERITTOMA,  Excrement 

PERITYPHLITIS,-  from  mpt,  'around/ and 
typhlitis,  inflammation  of  the  caecum.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  areolar  substance  surrounding  the 
caecum.    See  Typhlo-entcritis. 

PERIWINKLE,  LESSER,  Vinca  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  wtpifawvpi,  («/»,  and  £»»- 
wut,  '  to  gird/)  '  to  gird  around.1  A  bandage ;  a 
girdle.  In  Fabricius  Hildanus,  a  truss.  Herpes 
zoster.    The  diaphragm. 

PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical  means,  first 
employed  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the  last 
century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted  in 
drawing  over  affected  or  other  parts  the  pointed 
extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called  Metallic 
Tractors,  each  made  of  a  different  metal.  The 
success  obtained,  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  imagination ;  and,  consequently,  as  a  reme- 
dial agent,  it  ranks  as  high  as  animal  magnetism, 
but  no  higher.  The  operation  was,  also,  called 
Tractora'tion. 

PER' KIN  1ST.  A  believer  in  and  practiser  of 
Perkinism. 

PERKINIS'TIC.  Relating  or  belonging  W 
Perkinism. 

PERLA,  Pearl,  Paralampsia. 

PERLS,  Pearl. 

PBRMISTIO,  Coition. 

PBRMIXTIO,  Coition. 


PERMOTIO 


668 


PEBSPIRATKOT 


PBRMOTIO,  Motion. 

PERN1CIEUX,  Deleterious. 

PERNICIOSUS,  Deleterious. 

PERNIO,  Chilblain. 

PERNOCTATIO,  Insomnia. 

PEROCEPH'ALUS,  from  unpos,  'deficient,' 
and  Kt<f>a\tj,  'head.'  A  monster  with  a  defective 
head. 

PEROCOR'MUS,  Oligospon'dylw,  from  vnpot, 
'  defective/  and  Kopuos,  '  trunk.'  A  malformation 
in  whioh  the  trunk  is  defective,  and  too  short, 
from  the  absence  of  one  or  more  vertebras, — the 
head  and  limbs  being  normal. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see  Cardialgia. 

PEROMEL'IA,  from  wnpos,  'wanting/  and 
pc\of,  'a  limb/  Congenital  misconstruction,  or 
mutilation  of  the  limbs.  A  genus  in  the  noso- 
logy of  Good. 

PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster  possessed  of  the 
deformity  mentioned  above. 

PJ&RONJS,  Fibula—;?.  Col  du,  Collnm  fibulas. 

PERONE'AL,  Peronce'iu,  Fibula'ris,  Fib'ular, 
from  rtpomj,  'the  fibula.'  Belonging  or  relating 
to  the  fibula. 

Peroneal  Artbrt,  Fib'ular  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  in  the  pos- 
terior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  off 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  the  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  pos- 
terior peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the  lower 
joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
oalcaneum.  2.  The  anterior  peroneal,  which 
crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  interosseous 
ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  foot 

Peroneal  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
Peronarus  Brevis,  P.  Secundus,  P.  anti'cus,  P. 
Mefdius,  Semi -fibula' us,  (F.)  Grand-pironio-sus- 
mitatarsien,  Court  pironio-latiral,  Moyen  Piro- 
*ier.  A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronseus 
V>ngas.  It  is  attached  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleolus 
externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  log,  at 
the  same  time  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge.  It 
may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it  upon 
the  foot.  2.  Peronaus  Longus,  Peron&us  primus 
sen  posti'cus,  P.  max'imus  seu  poste'rior,  (F.) 
Tibi-pironio-tarsien,  Long  pironier  latiral,  Pi- 
ronio-sous-tarsien,  (Ch.,)  Muscle  grand  pironier. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  leg. 
It  is  long,  thick,  and  triangular  above;  thin,  nar- 
row, and  flat  below.  It  is  attached  above  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fibula, 
aud  to  the  upper  third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone.  Below,  it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg, 
turning  its  point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer 
edge.  It  acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  ex- 
tends on  the  foot.  3.  Peronaus  Tertius,  Nonus 
Vesa'lii,  (F.)  Pironier  antirieur,  Petit  pironio- 
sus-mitatarsien  (Ch.,)  Petit  Pironier.  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  long  and  fiat,  and  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  third  of  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  inner  surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating, 
below,  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  me- 
tatarsal bone.  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  by  raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
the  leg  on  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerves. 

Peroneal  Vein  follows  the  same  course  as 
the  artery. 


PERONE  DACTYLITIS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

Pj/SRONEO-LATJSRAL  COURT,  Peromelia 
brevis — p.  Phalanginien  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Sous-phalangettiem  dm 
pouee,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis  —  p.  Soms- 
tarsien,  Peronseus  longus — p.  Sus-mitatarsiem, 
Peronseus  tertius — p.  Sus-mitatarsien,  grand, 
Peronseus  brevis--?).  Sus-phalangettien  du  jwvee. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis — p.  Tibi  sus- 
phalangettien  commun,  Extensor  communis  digi- 
torum pedis  — jp.  Sus-phalangien  du  ponce.  Ex- 
tensor- proprius  pollicis  pedis. 

PERONEUM,  Fibula. 

PIRONIER,  GRAND,  Peronseus  longus  — 
p.  Lateral,  long,  Peronseus  longus — p.  Mogem, 
Peronseus  brevis  — p.  Petit,  Peronseus  tertius, 

PERONODACTYLI^US,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PEROSO'MUS,  from  vvpos,  'mutilated/  and 
ctaua,  '  body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body  is 
imperfectly  developed.  —  Gurlt 

PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  xnpot,  'want- 
ing,' and  ajr\ayxvov,  '  a  viscus.'  Congenital  mis- 
construction of  the  viscera.  A  genus  in  the  no- 
sology of  Good. 

PERPENDICULUM  HEPATIS,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  '  Extremely  acnte/  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  diseases. 

PERPLEXI  MORBI,  see  Complication. 

PERPLICA'TION,  Perpliea'tio ;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  plico,  'I  fold.'  A  method  of  tying 
arteries,  whioh  consists  in  making  a  small  inci- 
sion in  the  side  of  the  artery,  near  its  bleeding 
orifice,  introducing  a  small  pair  of  forceps,  seising 
the  open  extremity,  and  drawing  it  backward 
through  the  aperture  made  in  the  side  of  the 
vessel,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  knot. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERSEA  CAMFORA,  See  Camphor — p.  Cas- 
sia, Lauras  cassia — p.  Cinnamomum,  Lauras  cin- 
namomum  —  p.  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba. 

Per'sea  Gatis'sixa,  Paha  tree.  A  slender, 
vory  high  tree  of  Peru,  with  a  small  dome-likt 
top,  which  grows  on  the  eastern  declivity  of  the 
Andes,  and  rises,  at  times,  to  the  height  of  mors 
than  60  feet  Its  fruit,— (S.)  Paha— which  » 
pear-shaped,  is  generally  much  liked.  It  dis- 
solves, like  butter,  on  the  tongue,  and  hence  it 
called,  in  some  of  the  French  colonies,  bemrre 
vigitale. 

Perse  a  Pichurtm,  see  Pichurim  beans  — p. 
Sassafras,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion. 

PERSICA  VULGARIS,  Amygdalus  Persies, 

PERSIC  AIRE  DOUCE,  Pereicaria. 

PERSICARIA,  Polygonum  Pereicaria— p.  Mi- 
nor, Polygonum  Porsicaria — p.  Mitis,  Polygons* 
Pereicaria-^  p.  Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 
p.  Wandspiked,  Polygonum  Virgin ianum. 

PERSIL,  Apium  petrosclinum  —  p,  sFAu*. 
Chmrophylliim  sylvestre — p.  Faux,  £3thnsa  cy- 
napium — p.  de  Macidoine,  Bubon  Macedonian 
—  p.  de  Montagne,  A  th  am  ante  aureoselinum. 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginian*. 

PERSOLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLUTA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSPICILLUM,  see  Spectacles. 

PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per- 
spiration. 

PERSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Transpirm'- 
tio,  Diffia'tio,  Diap'noi,  Diapna-'a,  Diopmeu'sis. 
Perspirab'ili  Sanctoria'num,  from  per,  'throvga,' 


PERSUDATIO 


659 


PESTILENTIAL 


and  spxrare, '  to  breathe,  exhale.'  The  insensibU 
transpiration  or  exhalation  continually  going  on 
at  the  surface  of  the  skin  and  membranes.  Sen- 
sible perspiration  is  called  sweat.  The  perspira- 
tory fluid  is  secreted  by  an  appropriate  glandular 
apparatus,  termed  by  Bresdhet  diapnog"enous, 
or  sudorip'arous  gland*,  Qland'ulm  sudorip'arai, 
Or'gana  sudorip'ara,  sweat  glands,  consisting  of 
a  secreting  parenchyma,  situate  beneath  the  true 
skin,  and  of  spiral  ducts,  which  open  obliquely 
under  the  scales  of  the  epidermis.  A  oertain 
portion  of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by 
ordinary  physical  evaporation. 

The  Pulmonary  exhalation  or  transpiration  is 
that  which  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and  is 
sent  out  with  the  expired  air. 

PERSUDATIO,  Diapedosis. 

PERSULTATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERTE,  Metrorrhagia— p.  ePAppetit,  Ano- 
rexia— p.  de  la  MS  moire,  Amnesia — p.  de  VOdo- 
rat,  Anosmia — p.  de  Sang,  Hssmorrhagia — p.  de 
la  Voix,  Aphonia — p.  de  la  Vue,  Caecitas. 

PERTER&BRANT,  Perter'ebrans;  from  per, 
4  through/  and  terebrare,  '  to  bore.'  The  French 
give  this  epithet  to  an  acute  pain — Douleur  per- 
teribrante — which  oocasions  a  sensation  like  that 
which  would  be  produced  by  an  instrument  pe- 
netrating and  lacerating  a  part;  —  the  pain  from 
whitlow,  for  example. 

PERTES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhcea—  p.  de 
Sang,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Siminales,  Spermator- 
rhoea— p.  UUrines,  Metrorrhagia — p.  UtSrines 
rouge;  Metrorrhagia— p.  UUrines  blanche;  Leu- 
corrhcea. 

PERTICA  PER  SE,  Penis. 

PERTURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affeotions  of 
the  mind. 

PERTURB  A' TRIX,  (Medici'na)  .Per'turba- 
ting  Treatment,  (P.)  MSthode  ou  Mldecine  per- 
turbatrice.  A  mode  of  treatment  in  which  very 
active  means  are  employed,  and  such  as  impress 
upon  diseases  a  different  course  from  that  natural 
to  them.  It  is  the  antithesis  to  the  Medicina  ex- 
pectant. Much  evil  has  resulted  from  such  treat- 
ment, especially  in  febrile  diseases. 

PERTUS'SIS,  from  per,  a  prefix  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  tussis,  'a  cough.'  Tussis  feri'na,  T. 
convuUi'va,  T.pu'eros  strang'ulans,  T.  quinta,  T. 
stomacha'lis,  T.  an'hela  clamo'ea,  T.  stran'gulans, 
T.  delas'sans,  T.  suf'focans,  T.  amphemer'ina,  T. 
tussicufo'sa,  T.  spasmod'ica,  T.  asini'na,  T.  cant'- 
na,  Bronchi' tie  convuUi'va,  Bronchocephali'tis, 
Pneusis  pertus'sU,  Amphemer'ina,  Orthopnce'a 
tussiculo'sa,  clango'ea,  suffocati'va,  clamo'ea, 
spasmod'ica,  Morbus  Cucul'lus,  Morbus  cuculla'- 
rie,  Ouculut,  Bechorihopnce'a,  Bex  convuUi'va, 
Bex  therio'dee,  Hooping-cough,  Whooping-cough, 
Chin -cough,  Kin- cough,  Kind -cough,  (Germ. 
Kind,  'a  child,')  (F.)  Coqueluche,  Catarrhe  ou 
Bronchite  convulsive,  Toux  convulsive,  T.  quin- 
teuse,  T.  bUue,  Maladie  cuculaire.  A  violent 
convulsive  cough,  returning  by  fits,  (F.)  Quintes, 
at  longer  or  shorter  intervals ;  and  consisting  of 
several  expirations,  followed  by  a  sonorous  in- 
spiration or  whoop.  The  fits  of  ooughing  gene- 
rally recur  more  frequently  during  the  night, 
morning,  and  evening,  than  in  the  day.  It  is 
esteemed  to  be  contagious,  and  attacks  the  young 
more  particularly.  It  is  rare  for  it  to  affect  an 
individual  for  the  second  time.  The  duration  is 
various, — six  or  eight  weeks  or  more.  Although 
the  paroxysms  are  very  violent,  it  is  not  a  dan- 
gerous disease.  It  may,  however,  give  rise  to 
other  affections,  as  convulsions,  pneumonia,  Ac, 
when  the  complication  is  very  dangerous,  as  the 
cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those  children  suffer 
the  least,  who  evacuate  the  contentstof  the  sto- 
mach during  the  fit    In  the  treatment,  all  that 


can  be  done  is  to  palliate.  It  must  be  borne  In 
mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time,  wear  itself 
out  If  there  be  much  tensive  pain  of  the  head,  or 
fever,  bleeding  may  be  required,  but  it  is  seldom 
necessary.  Narcotics  occasionally  afford  relief, 
but  it  is  temporary.  Gentle  emetics,  given  occa- 
sionally, when  the  paroxysms  are  long  and  dry, 
give  decided  relief,  and  aid  in  the  expectoration 
of  the  morbid  secretions.  After  the  disease  has 
continued  for  some  weeks,  and  persists  in  part 
from  habit,  change  of  air  is  essential,  and  this, 
even  should  the  ohange  be  to  an  atmosphere 
that  is  less  pure. 

PERU,  see  Lima. 

PERUNCTIO,  Inunction. 

PERVENCHE,  Vinca  minor. 

PERVER'SION,  Pcrver'eio,  from  per  and  ver- 
tere,  'to  turn.'  Dias'trophe,  JDiastrem'ma.  One 
of  the  four  modifications  of  function  in  disease : 
the  three  others  being  augmentation,  diminution, 
and  abolition.  The  humourists  used  this  term 
also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid  change  in 
the  fluids. 

PERVERSION  DE  LA  T&TE  JDES  OS 
ET  DES  MUSCLES,  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 

PES,  *ovs,  Ichnue,  (F.)  Pied,  'the  foot'  The 
inferior  extremity  of  the  abdominal  momber, 
representing  a  bony  arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which 
transmits  the  weight  of  the  body  to  the  ground. 
It  is  divided  into  three  parts ; — the  tarsus,  meta- 
tarsus, and  toes. 

Pes  Alexandrines,  Anthemis  pyrcthrum — p. 
Anserinus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henri  cop,  Facial 
nerve — p.  Cati,  Antennaria  Dioica — p.  Equinu?, 
see  Kyllosis  —  p.  Hippocampi  major,  Cornu  am- 
monia— p.  Hippocampi  minor,  Hippocampus  mi- 
nor— p.  Hippopotami  major,  Cornu  ammonia — p. 
Hippopotami  minor,  Cornu  ammonia — p.  LeoniB, 
Alchemilla. 

PESANTEUR,  Weight— p.  Sp6cijique,  Gra- 
vity, specific. 

PESE-ACIDE,  Acidometer— p.  Liqueur,  Are- 
ometer—p.  Strop,  Saccharomcter. 

PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium,  from  vureog,  'a  small 
stone.'  Pessus,  Pessum,  Pes'sulus,  Sujtposito'riutn 
uteri' num,  Qlans,  Lemnis'cus.  A  solid  instrument, 
composed  of  cork,  ivory,  or  elastic  gum,  which  is 
introduced  into  the  vagina  to  support  the  uterus, 
in  cases  of  prolapsus  or  relaxation  of  that  organ ; 
to  keep  vaginal  hernia  reduced,  Ac.  The  an- 
cients made  use  of  medicated  pessaries,  which 
they  distinguished  into  emollient,  astringent, 
aperient,  Ac.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  va- 
riable;— round,  oval,  Ac.,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

Pessary,  Egyptian,  J3gyptius  peasns. 

PESSULUS,  Pessary,  Penis. 

PESSUM,  Pessary. 

PESSUS,  Pessary. 

PEST,  Plague. 

PESTE,  Plague. 

PESTICHL33,  Petechia?. 

PESTICLflB,  Petechia*. 

PES'TILENCE,  Pestilen'tia,  Pestil'itas,  from 
pestis,  'a  pest'  A  malignant  spreading  disease; 
— applied  especially  to  plague. 

Pestilence,  Choleric,  Cholera  spasmodica — 
p.  Glandular,  Plague  —  p.  HsBmagastric,  Fever, 
yellow — p.  Septio,  Plague. 

PESTILENT-WORT,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PESTILENTIA,  Plague  — p.  Hannagastriea, 
Fever,  yellow. 

PESTILENTIAL,  Pestilentia'lis,  Pestilcntia'. 
rius,  Pestilential  sue,  Pestilen'tus,  from  pestis,  'a 
pest'  Relating  to  the  plague.  Pestilential  dis- 
eases are  thoee  that  bear  some  resemblance  to  the 


PB8TILITAS 


PBTJCEDAHTJM 


plague,  is  respect  to  mode  of  propagation,  symp- 
toms, danger,  Ac. 

PESTILITAS,  Plague. 

PBSTIS,  Plague— p.  Aoutissima,  Plague  — p. 
Adeno-septica,  Plague  —  p.  Americana,  Fever, 
yellow — p.  Bellica,  Typhus — p.  Britannica,  Sudor 
Anglicus  —  p.  Bubonaria  orientalis,  Plague  —  p. 
Contagiosa,  Plague — p.  Glandulosa,  Plague — p. 
Glossanthrax,  Glossanthraz  —  p.  Inguinaria, 
Plague — p.  Intertropica,  Fever,  yellow— p.  Ooci- 
den  talis,  Fever,  yellow — p.  Orientalis,  Plague — 
p.  8eptica,  Plague — p.  Variolosa,  Variola. 

PESTLE,  Pilum— p.  Spring,  see  Pilum. 

PET,  Fart 

PETALE,  Phtheiriaeis. 

PETA  SITES,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Hybri- 
da,  Tussilago  petasites — p.  Officinalis,  Tussilago 
petasites — p.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PETAURUM.  A  seat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tossed  about  by  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial 

PETE'CHLfi,  Petie'ula,  Pesttca'us,  Pertic"ia, 
Punctic'ula,  Pur'pura  malig'na,  Por'phyra  Ora- 
eo'rum.  Small  spots,  similar  in  shape  and  colour 
to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spontaneously  upon  the 
skin,  in  the  course  of  severe  fevers,  Ac.  They 
are,  under  such  circumstances,  signs  of  great 
prostration. 

Petechia  sine  Febre,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIAL  SCURVY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIANOSIS,  Purpura  hsBmorrhagica. 

PET'ELA  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Shrubby  Trefoil, 
Swamp  dogwood,  Stinking  Pra'irie  Bu»\  Stink- 
ing ash,  Wing-teed.  A  tall  indigenous  shrub — 
family,  Xanthoxylacesa — which  flowers  in  June. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  tonio  and  antiperiodic. 

PETER'S  PILLS,  Pilulm  Aloes  et  Cambogim 
—  p.  Worm  lozenges,  see  Worm  lozenges,  Sher- 
man's. 

PETICULiE,  Petechias. 

PETIGO,  Impetigo. 

PETINA,  Sole. 

PETIOLUS,  Pediolut,  diminutive  of  pes,  'a 
foot  A  footstalk  or  leafstalk  of  a  plant  A 
petiole. 

Petiolus  Epiglottitis.  The  root  of  the  epi- 
glottis. 

Petiolus  Mallei,  Manubrium  mallei. 

PETIT  CO  URIER,  Influenza— -p.  Lait,  Serum 
lactis — p.  Lait  d' Hoffmann,  Serum  lactis  Hoff- 
manni — p.  Mai,  see  Epilepsy — p.  Sw-maxillo- 
labial,  Levator  anguli  oris. 

PETITE  POSTE,  Influenza. 

PETROLEUM,  Petroleum. 

PETRiEUM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Bubon  Maoedonicum. 

P&TREOLE,  Petroleum. 

P&TREVX,  (OS,)  see  Temporal  hone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Besoar  of  the  Indian 
porcupine. 

PETROLE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM,  Petrola'um,  Petraleum,  Petra 
oleum,  Bitu'men  Petroleum,  Piisel&'um  In'dicum, 
Rock  Oil,  Petroleum  Barbaden'se,  Barbadoe*  Tar, 
(F.)  PitroU  ou  Pltr&olc,  from  irerpos,  'rock/  and 
tXaiov,  '  oil.'  A  bituminous  substance  of  a  fetid 
odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste.  It  is  semi-liquid, 
tenacious,  semi-transparent;  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour ;  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol ;  combines 
with  fixed  and  essential  oils  and  sulphur ;  and  is 
partially  soluble  in  ether.  The  petroleum  found 
at  Gabian,  near  Bexiers,  in  France,  has  been 
called  Oleum  Gabia'num,  (F.)  HuiU  de  Oabian, 
PetroUum  ru'orum. 

PETRO-OCCIF'ITAL,  Petro-oecipitali*.  Be- 
longing w  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bane  and  to  the  occipital  bona. 


Pvmo-OccrpRAL  Suture  is  formed  by  fl* 
junotion  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  to 
the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove  separa- 
ting the  bones,  which  have  between  them  a  thin 
layer  of  cartilage. 

PETRO  -  SALPIN'GO  -  PHARTNGEUS.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINrS,  Cir- 
cumfiexns — p.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Levator  pa- 
lati— p.  Staphylin,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPHENOID'AL,  Petro-qAemoida'lie. 
Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Petro-Sphenoidal  Suture; — a  name  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

Petroleum  Barbadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulfhura'tum,  Bal'tamum  £sf- 
phuris  Barbaden'a, — (Composed  of  petroL  Bar- 
bad.  %*y},flor.  Sulpk.  £iv)  has  been  used  as  a 
pectoral ;  and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  baa 
been  accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific. 
Pose,  gtt  x  to  xxx.  Externally,  it  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  diacutient 

PETROSAL,  Petrous. 

PETROSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinnm— p. 
Maoedonicum,  Bubon  Maoedonicum. 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  Temporal. 

PETROUS,  Petro'tus,  Petro'aal,  from  mr*** 
'  a  stone.'  Resembling  stone ;  having  the  hard- 
ness of  stone. 

PETROUS  GANGLION,  Petro'tal  Ganglion,  Gan- 
glion of  Andereeh,  is  formed  by  the  gloeso-pha. 
ryngeal  nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 
jugular  fossa.  From  this  ganglion,  M.  Jacoheon 
of  Copenhagen  traced  an  anastomosing  loop 
through  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  left 
branches  there,  and  was  thence  reflected  down- 
wards to  join  the  Vidian  nerve. — See  Otic  Gan- 
glion. This  has  been  called  the  Ncrrr  ©/  .£•#«*- 
son,  Tympan'ie  branch  of  the  glofo-phurynoeel, 
and  the  inosculation,  Jacobeon'e  Anatomv'ti*, 

Petrous  Portion  or  Temporal  Bo* a,  see 
Temporal  Bone — p.  Process,  see  Temporal  Boae. 

Petrous  Si'huses,  Petrosal  Sinn**,  are  r«* 
venous  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  connected  wi*l 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  aid 
distinguished  on  each  side,  into:  —  1.  The  Mpc- 
rior  petrosal  winua.  It  arises  from  the  cavernec* 
sinus ;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  petrous  por- 
tion which  affords  it  a  gutter;  passes  into  tfc* 
great  circumference  of  the  tentorium  cerebtCi. 
and  opens  into  the  lateral  sinus  where  the  latter 
experiences  a  bend  near  the  base  of  the  pan  pe~ 
trosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2.  The  infrr*r 
petrosal  sinus  arises  from  the  cavernous  sinus  at 
the  same  point  as  the  last  with  which  it  cosibm- 
nicates  at  the  moment  of  its  origin.  It  descents 
between  the  inferior  edge  of  the  pare  petrosa  sad 
the  basilary  process ;  and  terminates  in  the  late- 
ral sinus,  at  the  sinus  or  gulf  of  the  internal  ja- 
gular  vein.  It  is  triangular,  and  broader  at  ia 
extremities  than  at  the  middle. 

PETUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

PEUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PEUCEA  BALSAMEA,  see  Pinna  abtea. 

PEUCEDANUM,  P.offtcina'lc,P.al9oSicwm  tea 
alth'n'mum  sen  panicvla'tum  sou  fema'fam,  «V» 
li'num  peuced'anwn,  Mar'athrum  •yloeo'tri,  Mm* 
throphyt'lvm,  Pinaitel'lum,  Fatnic'ulHm  pert?**** 
Bonus  Oe,niu»,  Hog**  Fennel,  Smtpkurwort,  (F-i 
Queue  de  Pourcmu,  Fenouil  dm  Pore,  FamUj. 
Umbelliftra.  Sex.  Sy»t.  Pentandria  Digycm. 
The  root  has  a  strong,  fetid  nmrll    momswhal  it* 


PEUPLIER 


Ml 


PHALANX 


•embling  that  of  sulphureous  solutions — and  an 
acrid,  unctuous,  bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  re- 
commended as  antihysteric  and  nervine. 

Peucbdawum  Alsaticum,  Peucedanum — p.  Al- 
tissiuium,Peuoedanum — p.Officinale,Peucedanum 
—p.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoselinum — p. 
Paniculatum,  Peucedanum — p.Pratense,  P.  silaas. 
Pbucbdakum  Silacs,  P.  praten'si,  Scs'eli  pro- 
ten' si,  Sium  sil'aUs,  Ligus'ticum  sil'aUs,  Cnid'ium 
sil'aUs,  Saxifraga  vulga'ris,  S.  An'glica,  Hippo- 
mar*  athrum,  Famic'uhm  er'raticum,  English  or 
Meadow  Saxifrage,  (P.)  SUHi  des  pris.  The 
roots,  leaves,  and  seeds  have  been  recommended 
as  aperients,  diuretic*,  and  carminatives.  Rarely 
used. 

pEtJCHDAwrjic  Tkrhatuy,  Peucedanum. 

PEUPLIER  NOIR,  Populus. 

PEXI6,  Concretion. 

PEY'ERI  GLAN'DUL.B,0./>«yertV«*,P«y'- 
eri  Plexus  glandulo'si,  GUmoVula  muco'sas  coag- 
mtna'to  seu  agmina'ta  seu  mucip'arcc  racema'tim 
congest  a  intestino'rum,  0.  intestina'les  seu  plexi- 
for'mes  seu  spu'ria,  Corpus'cula  glandula'rum 
sitnil'ia  seu  Uland'ulcB  in  agmen  congreaa'ta  in- 
testino'rum, Enterade'nes,  Peyer*s  Glands,  Ag*mi- 
naled  or  aggregate  glands.  Small  glands  or  fol- 
licles, situate  beneath  the  villous  coat  of  the  in- 
testines. They  are  clustered  together,  having  a 
honey-comb  appearance — Plaques  gavfries — and 
are  extremely  numerous.  They  occur  most  nu- 
merously in  the  lower  portion  of  the  ileum.  Their 
structure  and  functions  are  not  well  known. 

PEZA,  ««£»,  Doric  and  Arcadian  for  vovs,  'a 
foot'  The  foot :  according  to  some,  the  sole  of  the 
foot :  and  to  others,  the  astragalus.     The  ankle. 

PEZI'ZA  seu  PEZE'ZA  AURICULA,  Tre- 
mell'a  auric' ula,  Auricula  Judas,  Auricula' ria 
sambu'ci  seu  satnbu'cina,  Exid'ia  auric1 xdaJuda, 
Meru'liue  auric' u la,  Fungus  sambu'cinusf  Agar'i- 
cus  Auric1 ulm  formd,  Jew's  Ear.  This  fungus  is 
said  to  be  astringent ;  but  has  ohiefly  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  relaxed  sore  throat. 

PFEFFERS  or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF,  Therm*  Piperi'na,  Th.  faba'- 
ria.  These  springs,  which  are  in  the  Swiss  Alps, 
are  simply  thermal :  temperature  100°  of  Fah- 
renheit 

PHAGE,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  fan,  ;  a  grain  of 
the  lentil,  Ervum  lens.  Also,  chloasma;  the 
crystalline  lens,*  and  a  flask  for  the  application' 
of  heat,  so  called  owing  to  its  flattened  lens-like 
shape. 

PHACELLUS,  Fasciculus. 

PHACELUS,  Fasciculus. 

PHACHYMENITIS,  Phaoohymenitia, 

PHACI,  Ephelides. 

PHA'CICUS, Paaeo'tuf, Phaoo'dss;  from****, 
'lens.'    Lens-shaped,  lenticular. 

PHACFTI8,  Phaeoldei'tis,  Lenti'tis,  Crystal- 
li'tis,  Qleni'tis,  from  ^a*of,  'a  lens/  and  ids,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  crystalline  lens.  Inflammation  of  the 
capsule  of  the  lens  is  termed  Capsi'tis,  Capsuli- 
tis, and  Crystal' lino-capsuli'ti*. 

PHACO'DES,  Phacicus. 

PHACOHYMENI'TIS,  Phahomeni'tis,  Phac- 
hymeni'tis,  Inflamma'tio  cap'sula  lentis ;  from 
+aKos, '  a  lens,'  'vutiv,  '  a  membrane/  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline. 

PHACOIBEITIS,  Phacitia. 

PHACOMALACIA,  Cataract,  soft. 

PHAC'OPIS,  Phaco'tvs;  from  *«**,  Mens/ 
and  tcottt, '  a  knife ;'  Scalpel' lusn  lenticula'ri.  A 
lenticular-shaped  knife. 

PHACOPS'Ifl,  from  *km*  'lens/  and  e^*  '-vi- 


sion.'   The  state  of  one  who  has  chloasma  or 
freckles  on  the  face. 

PHAC0PTI8'ANA,  Pha'cium;  from  far,, 
•lens/  and  wTtcavr,,  'drink.'  A  drink  of  lentils. 
A  poultice  of  lentils. 

PHACOS,  Ervum  lens. 

PHACOSCOTOMA,  Cataract 

PHACOTUS,  Phacicus,  Phacopis. 

PHACUS,  Phace. 

PHADARODES,  Trachoma  tuberculosum. 

PHADAROSIS,  Trachoma  tuberculosum. 

PILBNIGMU8,  Phenigmus. 

PELENOMENOLOGIA,  Semeiology. 

PHENOMENON,  Phenomenon. 

PHAGJENA,  Boulimia. 

PHAGEDENA,  Boulimia,  Phagedenic  ulcer— 
p.  Sloughing  of  the  mouth,  Cancer  aquaticus — p. 
Gangrenosa,  Hospital  gangrene. 

PHAGEDENIC,  Phagedct'nicus,  Depas'eens, 
from  faym,  *  I  eat' 

Phagedenic  Ulcer,  Nomi,  Phageda'na,  Ulcus 
depas'eens  seu  obam'bulans  seu  feri'num,  is  one 
which  rapidly  eats  and  corrodes  the  neighbouring 
parts. 

Phageden'ic,  in  Materia  Medica,  is  a  substance 
used  for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in  ul- 
cers, Ac 

PHAKOHYMENITIS,  Phaoohymenitia. 

PHALACRA,  Calvities. 

PHALACROMA,  Calvities. 

PHALACROSIS,  Calvities. 

PHALACROTIS,  Alopecia. 

PHAL^NA  PINGUINALIS,  see  Ectoioa. 

PHALAIA.  A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medicine 
or  panacea.  ' 

PHALAN'GAL,  Phalan'gian,  Phalangia'nus. 
Having  relation  to  a  phalanx. 

PHALANGARTHRFTIS,  from  faUtf,  'a 
phalanx/  apQpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Gout  in  the  fingers.  Inflammation 
of  the  joints  of  the  fingers. 

PHALANGE,  Phalanx. 

PHALANGES DES  DOIGTS,  seePhalanx— 
p.  of  the  Fingers,  see  Phalanx  —  p.  des  Orteils, 
see  Phalanx  —  p.  of  the  Toes,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTIEN.  Professor  Chaussier 
usee  this  term  for  any  thing  rotating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes, — Phalangien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first,  —  and  Phalanginien,  to 
the  second. 

PHALANGIAN,  Phalangal. 

PHALANQIEN,  see  Phalangette 

PHALANQINES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGINIEN,  see  Phalangettien. 

PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Soilla  es- 
culenta. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hispid'itas,  from  *«A«yf, 
'  a  row  of  soldiers.'  An  affection  of  the  eyelids 
in  which  the  lashes  are  arranged  in  two  or  three 
rows.  See  Trichiasis.  Also,  dropping  of  the 
upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis  of  the  levator  palpe- 
bral su peri  oris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  Phalan'gl,  Phalango'ma.  Same 
etymon.  A  name  given  to  the  small  bones  which 
form  the  fingers  and  toes,  because  placed  along- 
side each  other  like  a  phalanx.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  Phalanges  of  the  fingers,  Ossa 
seu  Ag'mina  seu  A' det  seu  Articfuli  seu  Scutic'- 
ula  seu  Seu' tula  seu  Nodi  sen  Intemo'dia  sen 
Scytal'idos  seu  Con'dyli  Digito'rum  Manus;  and 
the  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  Ossa  seu  Artic'uli  sen 
Intemo'dia  Digito'rum  Pedis.  I.  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers,  (F.) Phalanges  des  doigts.  They  are, 
in  each  hand,  fourteen, — three  to  each  finger,  and 
two  to  the  thumb ;  and  are  situate  one  above  the 
other.  They  are  distinguished,  numerically,  reek- 


PHALARIS 


662 


PHARMACY 


oning  from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  finger. 

1.  Thejfr«e  or  metacarpal,  Procon'dyli,  (F.)  Pre- 
mihres  phalange*  ou  Phalanges  mStacarpiennes. 

2.  The  second  or  middle  phalanges,  (F.)  Seconder 
phalanges  ou  Phalanges  moyennes,  Phalangines, 
(Ch.)  3.  The  third  phalanges,  Metacon'dyli,  Pha- 
lan'ges  un'guium,  (F.)  Troisiimes  phalanges  ou 
Phalanges  unguiales,  ungui 'fires,  unguinales,  Pha- 
langette (Ch.),  which  terminate  each  finger,  and 
support  the  nail.  II.  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  (F.) 
Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same  in 
number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much  smaller, 
and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification ;  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extremity,  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
Inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  CANARIEN'SIS,  P.ova'ta,Oul'- 
tivated  Canary  Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Family,  Gra- 
mme®. Sex.  Xyst.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed 
of  this  grass,  Canary  seed,  (F.)  Oraines  d aspic, 
afford  a  nourishing  meal.  The  ancients  recom- 
mended them  for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney 
and  bladder. 

PHALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia,  from  0aXXpf, 
'  the  male  organ/  and  a\yss,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLANCYLOSIS,  Chordee. 

PHALLI'TIS,  Priapi'tis,  from  0aXAo$,  'the 
male  organ/  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.   Inflammation  of  the  male  organ. 

PHALLOCAMPSIS,  Chordee. 

PHALLOCARCINO'MA,    from  fatoos,    'the 

.i*.  ,*.»««  *  »nA  -■«««.. w.i..«  'wmMf.'   Carcinoma 


male  organ/  emd  KapKtvwfia,  'cancer. 
or  oancer  of  the  penis. 

PHALLODYNIA,  Phallalgia. 
PHALLON'CUS,  from  0aXXoj,  'the  male  or- 
gan/ and  oyxos,  *  swelling.'    Tumefaction  of  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  ^aXXof,  'the  male 
organ/  and  \po>pot,  '  a  noise.'  Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 

PHALLORRHAG"IA,  from  ^a\\ot,  'the  male 
organ/  and  pnywpi,  '  I  break  out'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.  Stimatosis. 
PHALLORRH(EA,  Gonorrhoea. 
PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS,  from  0«XX«,  'the 
male  organ/  own,  'discharge/  and  iaxcivt  * to  with- 
hold/   Sudden  arrest  of  a  gonorrhoea!  discharge. 

PHALLUS,  Penis. 

PHANEROG'AMOUS,  Phanerogamic,  Phane- 
rogam'icxu,  from  (pavtpos,  'evident,'  and  yapos, 
'marriage.'  An  epithet  used  by  botanists  for 
plants  whose  sexual  organs  are  apparent  It  is, 
consequently,  the  opposite  to  cryptogamous. 

PH  ANT  ASIA,  Delirium,  Imagination. 

PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma,  Phanto'ma,  Phas- 
ma,  from  farrafa  '  I  make  appear.'  A  phantom, 
false  appearance,  apparition.  Hallucination.  De- 
rangement of  the  sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellec- 
tual faculties,  causing  objects  to  be  perceived, 
which  are  not  before  the  eyes. 

PHANTASMA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PHANTASMATICUS,  Phantasticus. 

PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTASMOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTAS'TICUS,  Inebriant  Creating  phan- 
tasms— phantasmat'icus. 

PHANTOM,  Fantom. 

PHANTOMA,  Phantasma— p.  Obstetricium, 
Fantom. 

PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning. 

PHARMACEUM,  Apotheea. 


PHARMACEUS,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACEUTA,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACEUTIC,     Pharmaoeu' ticwa,    from 
<j>appaicov,   'a  medicine.'    An  epithet   for  every 
thing  belonging  to  pharmacy.    Thus,  we  amy, 
Pharmaceutical  preparations,  Ac. 
PHARMACEUTICS,  Pharmacy. 
PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACIEN,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA.  Cans. 
grapholog"ia,  Ars  formulas  conctMnan'di,  from 
<pap[xaKovt  'a  medicine/  Kara,  'beneath.'  yp*$++  'a 
writing/  and  \oyot,  '  a  description.'     The  art  of 
writing  prescriptions. — J.  J.  Plenck. 

PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharma- 
ceutical. 

PHARMACODYNAMICS,  from  ^m,  •■ 
medicine/  and  Swapif,  'power.'  Pkarmocody- 
nam'ice,  Dynam'ical  Materia  Medica,  Pharmcc*- 
dynam'ica  doctri'na,  Pharmacodynamiolog"xum  A 
division  of  pharmacology,  which  considers  th* 
effects  and  uses  of  medicines. 

PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,  Phanaaco. 
dynamics. 

PHARMACOGNOSY,  Aceognos'ia,  Jw^bV- 
ia,  from  (papuaKov,  'a  medicine,'  and  ywfif,  'know- 
ledge.'   A  division  of  pharmacology,  which  treats 
of  simples,  or  unprepared  medicines. 
PHARMACOLOGIA,  Materia  medica. 
PHARMACOMA'NIA,  from^sm,  *ame- 
dicine/  and  finvta,  '  mania.'    One  who  has  a  ma- 
nia for  prescribing  or  for  taking  medicine. 
PHARMACON,  Poison. 

PHARMACOPCE'IA,  Pharmacop**'*,  (?.;. 
Pharmacopfe,  from  (pappaxov,  'a  medicine,'  aa£ 
noma,  '  I  make.'  A  work,  containing  a  collecrios 
of  formulae  for  the  preparation,  Ac,  of  medicines, 
generally  published  by  authority.  Formerly.* 
chemical  laboratory,  Laborato'rium  ckymic*m 
seu  pharmaceut'icum. 

PHARMACOPCEUS,  Apothecary,  Druggwt 

PHARMACOPOLA,  Apothecary,  Druggist 

PHARUACOPOLE,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLI'UM,  ApothSca,   Ofe?** 

Taber'na  Med'ica.    The  shop  of  the  druggist  cr 

apothecary,  from  fappoKov,   'a  medicine/  a*4 

jrwXtu,  'I  soil.' 

'  PHARMACOPOS'IA,  from  «*fpra»,  <!■«£• 
cine/  and  nocit,  '  a  potion.'  A  liquid  medusa^ 
especially  one  that  is  cathartic. 

PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  frea 
(pappaKov,  'a  poison/  Medicines  that  coaua 
poisonous  substances. —  Fallopius. 

PHARMACOTHE'CA,  gapparo^c*,  from  *c^ 
fuvcov,  '  a  medicine/  and  ri  ?wt,  '  I  place.*  A  cafe 
for  medicines. 

PHARMACOTHERAPY,  from^.m.isi 
Btpavua,  'treatment'  Cure  of  diseases  by  i* 
medies. 
PHARMACTER,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACUM,  Medicament,  Poison -a 
JEgyptiacum,  iEgyptiaoum — p.  Amatorium,  Fail- 
ter. 

Phiu'macvh  ad  Avres,  JEgyp'tium  Jfafe* 
men'tum  ad  Aures.    A  name  given  to  a  medio**. 
composed  of  bitter  almonds,  white  pepper,  saf- 
fron, myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor,  verjakt, 
sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  pomegranate-bark,  sa- 
guentum  nardinum,  Ac     It  was  believed  to  et 
useful  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers  in  the  ears. 
PHARMACURGICUS,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACURGUS,  Apothecary. 
PHAR'MACY,    Pharmaci'a,  Pkarmacem'r^ 
Pharmax'is,  from  jappa/cov,  'a  medicine.'    Iks 
art  which  teaches  the  knowledge,  choice,  jusssi 


PHARMAXIB 


MS 


PHARYNG0SPASMU8 


ration,  preparation,  and  combination  of  medi- 
cines. It  was  formerly  divided  into  Oalen'ical 
and  Chym'ical.  The  former,  called  after  Galen, 
embraced  the  operations  undertaken  on  medi- 
cines without  chymistry  j  —  the  latter,  Chymical 
Pharmacy  or  Pharmaceutic  Chymistry,  Pharma- 
eochym'ia,  comprised  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines, founded  on  the  chymical  action  of  their 
principles. 

PHARMAXIS,  Pharmacy. 

PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'Rfi.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Paronychiacess,  employed 
at  the  Cape  in  pulmonary  affections.  It  is  gene- 
rally given  in  infusion. 

PHARUS,  Pharynx. 

PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx. 

PIIARYGETHRUM,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNG^fi'UM  (SAL.),  from  pharynx.  A 
compound  of  cream  of  tartar,  nitrate  of  potassa, 
burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vinegar.  It  was  for- 
merly employed,  united  with  honey  and  plantain- 
water,  to  make  gargles,  which  were  advised  in 
quinsy. 

PHARYNGE,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGEAL,  Pharynga'us,  (Y.)PharyngS, 
Pharyngicn.  That  which  relates  to  the  pharynx. 
A  name  given  to  the  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves 
of  the  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Arteries.  These  are  two  in 
number.  The  one — superior  or  pterygopalatine, 
Ramus  Pharyngai'us  supe'rior  of  Haller —  arises 
from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base  of  the 
sygomatio  fossa,  passes  through  the  pterygo- 
palatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distributed  to 
the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part  of  the 
Eustachian  tube.  The  other  —  the  inferior  — 
Pharynga'a  ascen'dens  of  Haller — arises  from 
the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the  facial. 
It  ascends  along  the  lateral  and  posterior  part 
of  the  pharynx,  and  divides  into  two  branches : 
the  one  —  the  pharyngeal,  properly  so  called — is 
distributed  to  the  pharynx  ,*  the  other  —  the  me- 
ningeal—  gives  its  branches  particularly  to  the 
dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  Nerve.    A  branch  sent  by  the 

Sneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
ind  the  internal  carotid ;  communicates  with 
the  glossopharyngeal ;  and  divides,  opposite^  the 
middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  different  directions,  with  filaments  of  the 
glossopharyngeal  nerve,  of  the  superior  laryn- 
geal branch,  and  of  the  first  cervical  ganglion. 
These  different  nervous  filaments  united  consti- 
tute the  pharyngeal  plexus,  the  irregular  meshes 
of  which  send  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS,  from  *apt>v&  'the 
pharynx/  and  tnfoafa,  'obstruction.'  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  pharynx. 

PHARNGETHRON,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharyngocele. 

PHARYNGICUS,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGIEN,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea  — p. 
Tonsilfaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  pharyngea. 

Pharyngitis  Apostemato'sa.  Abscess  of  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diphthbrit'ic,  AngVna  psevdo- 
membrana'cea,  A.  membrana'cea,  A.  pellicula' ris, 
A.  plas'tica,  A.  diphtheritica,  A.  maligna,  A. 
peeudo-membrano'ea,  A.  pestilentia'lis,  Pharyn- 
goefacl,  Pseudo-membranous  Inflammation  of  the 
Throat,  (F.)  Angine  couenneuse,  A.  gutt urate  eou- 
snneuee,  A.  pseudo-membraneuse,  A.  plastique,  A. 


diphthtritique.  Diphtheritic  inflammation  of  tha 
pharynx.     See  Cynanche  maligna. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Follicular,  Follicular  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Pharynjc,  Angi'na  folliculo'sa  of  the 
Pharynx,  Acne  of  the  Throat.  Inflammation  and 
enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pharynx,  oc- 
casionally extending  to  the  larynx.  Sometimes 
termed  Clergyman's  Sore  throat,  Tubercles  of  the 
Larynx  and  Faucet,  and  Tuber'cular  Sorethroat. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

PHARYNGOCACE,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic 

PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'ma,  Di- 
verticulum seu  Hernia  seu  Prolap'sus  (Esoph'agi 
vel  pharyn'gis,  (Esoph'agus  succenturia' tus,  from 
fapvyt,  '  the  pharynx/  and  ktjX/j,  '  a  tumour/  An 
enlargement  at  the  upper  part  of  the  gullet,  in 
which  the  food  sometimes  rests  in  considerable 
quantity. 

PHARYNGODYN'IA,  from  fapvyt,  'the  pha- 
rynx/ and  o&vrrj,  'pain/    Pain  in  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOGLOSSAL,  Oropharyngeal, 
Pharyngoglossia'nus.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
pharynx  and  tongue. 

Pharyngoglossal  Nerve,  Glossopharyngeal 
Nerve,  Lingua' lis  later  a' lis,  (F.)  Nerf  Gloesopha- 
ryngien,  Pharyngoglossien  —  a  portion  of  the 
eighth  pair — arises  from  the  superior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the  facial 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  by  several  filaments, 
which  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that  passes 
out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum  ante- 
rius;  goes  downwards  and  forwards,  and  gains 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  tongue. 
Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  it 
gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  auditorius  ex  tern  us, 
and  receives  a  filament  from  the  facial,  and 
another  from  the  pneumogastric  nerve.  It  then 
furnishes  two  other  filaments,  which  descend 
upon  the  carotid  artery,  and  unite  at  the  bottom 
of  the  neck  with  branches  from  the  cervical  gan- 
glions and  cardiac  nerves,  and  give  two  filaments 
to  the  stylo-pharyngeus  muscle.  The  glossopha- 
ryngeus,  after  sending  a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil, 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx  and  membrane 
of  the  epiglottis,  divides  into  many  branches, 
which  run  partly  to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the 
middle  of  the  root  of  the  tongue;  supplying, 
especially,  the  pap i lite  majores,  and  the  parts  in 
their  neighbourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  controller 
of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation.         

PHARYNGOG'RAPHY,  Pharyngogra 'phia, 
from  fapvyt,  'the  pharynx/  and  ypa<pv,  'a  de- 
scription/ An  anatomical  description  of  the 
pharynx. 

PHARYNGOL'OGY,  Pharyngologffia,  from 
ctapvyl,  'the  pharynx/  and  \oyot,  'a  discourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOLYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPARALYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPLE'GIA,  from  fapvyt,  <  the  pha- 
rynx/ and  wXnaeu,  '  I  strike/  Dyspha'gia  para- 
lytica, D.  tor'pida,  D.  aton'ica,  Angi'na  paralyt- 
ica, Astheni'a  Deglutitio'nis,  Pharyngol'ysis,  Pha- 
ryngoparal' ysis  Paral'ysis  (Esogph'agi,  Chulai 
Imbecil'litas.  Paralysis  of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus :  commonly  a  symptom  of  general  para* 
lysis,  or  of  approaching  dissolution. 

PHARYNGORRHAG"IA;  from  fapvyt,  'the 
pharynx/  and  payv, '  rupture/  Hemorrhage  from 
the  vessels,  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS;  from  +a**yf,  'the 
pharynx/  and  ovaeuet,  'spasm/  Spasm  or  cramp 
of  the  pharynx. 


PHARYNG08TAPHYLINU8 


664 


PHIMO'813 


PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS,   Palato-pha- 

ryngeus. 

PHARYNGOTOME,  Pharyngofomus,  from 
4»/>vy&  'the  pharynx/  and  rem,  'I  out.'  An 
instrument,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit,  used  to 
scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  abscesses, 
which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pharynx.  It 
if  composed  of  a  long,  narrow  blade  with  a  lancet 
point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or  canula  of  silver 
■lightly  curved.  This  instrument  is  carried  to 
the  part  to  be  cut,  and  the  point  of  the  blade  is 
made  to  pass  out  of  the  sheath,  by  pressing  on  a 
button  at  the  end  of  the  pharyngotome.  A  spring 
causes  the  blade  to  re-enter  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed. 

PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia ;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  oesophagotomy.  It  means, 
also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an  incision, 
made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  Ac 

PHARYNX,  Pharyx,  Pharut,  Gula,  Zamoe, 
Faucet,  Pharyg'ethrum,  Pharyn'gethron,  Pha- 
ryn'gethrce,  Pharygathron,  Iethmoe,  hth'mion, 
Inglu'viet,  Princip'ium  Gula,  0»  pce'terum,  (F.) 
Arriere-bouche,  Gorier.  A  species  of  musculo- 
membranous,  symmetrical  canal,  on  the  median 
Hne,  irregularly  funnel-shaped,  and  situate  be- 
tween the  base  of  the  cranium  and  the  oesophagus, 
in  front  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  very  nar- 
row above ;  but  dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again 
contracts  below,  at  its  junction  with  the  oesopha- 
gus. Into  the  anterior  paries  of  the  pharynx 
open,  successively,  from  above  to  below,  —  the 
posterior  orifices  of  the  nasal  fossa) ;  the  Eusta- 
chian tubes ;  the  posterior  aperture  of  the  mouth, 
and  the  top  of  the  larynx.  The  pharynx  is 
formed,  externally,  of  a  muscular  coat,  and,  in- 
ternally, of  a  mucous  membrane,  which  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  Schneiderian  membrane; 
and  in  the  middle,  with  that  of  the  mouth ;  be- 
low, with  that  of  the  oesophagus ;  and,  at  the 
sides,  with  that  of  the  Eustachian  tubes.  This 
membrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents  only  a  few 
inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the  presence  of 
muciparous  follicles.  The  muscular  coat  of  the 
pharynx  is  composed  of  the  constrictor  muscles, 
stylopharyngei,  and  pharyngostaphylini.  The 
vessels  and  nerves  are  called  pharyngeal.  The 
pharynx  serves  as  a  oommon  origin  for  the  di- 
gestive and  respiratory  passages.  It  gives  passage 
to  the  air,  during  respiration ;  and  to  the  food  at 
the  time  of  deglutition. 

Pharynx,  Follicular  Inflammation  of  tub, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

PHARYX,  Pharynx. 

PHASELU8,  Phaseolus. 

PHASE'OLUS,  P.  Vulga'ri;  Phari'oltte,  Pha- 
te'lu*,  Fate'lut,  Fate'olue,  Bona,  Boona,  Faba; 
the  Kidney  Bean;  the  French  Bean,  (F.)  Haricot. 
Family,  Leguminosa).  Sex.  Syet.  Diadelphia  De- 
oandria.  When  young  and  well  boiled,  this  is 
easy  of  digestion,  and  delicately  flavoured.  It  is 
less  flatulent  than  the  pea. 

Phasbolus  Crbticdb,  Gajan,  Gayan.  A  de- 
coction of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  restrains 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux  when  excessive. 

PAaseolus  Vulgaris,  Phaseolus. 

PHASIA'NUS  GALLUS,  so  called  from  the 
river  *<■«;,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  Sea:  (F.) 
Coa  The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
ana  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  as  proper 
for' increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.  The  fat 
*as  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent;  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freokles  and  diseases  of 
me  eye*.    These  phantasies  are  now  abandoned. 

PHASIOLUS,  Phaseolus. 

PHASMA,  Phantasm. 

PflATNE,  Alveolus. 


PHATNION,  Alveolus. 

PHATNORRHAG"IA,  Sumatcrrhag"ia  mU 
vedo'rum, from  <f>arvtov,  'an  alveolus,'  and  #«/»■»■, 
<  I  break  forth.'    Hemorrhage  from  the  alveoli. 

PHAUSIN'GES,  +avciyytst  plural  of  +mry£, 
from  favCu,  'I  roast'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  produced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  by  any  other  cause.  Also,  a  pas- 
tule. —  Foesius. 
PHELLANDRE,  Phellandrium  aquatienm. 
PHELLAN'DRIUM  AQUAT'ICUM,  Phellem- 
drium,  (Enan'thi  pheUan'drium  seu  aquaf  tea,  L4- 
gus'ticum  pheUan'drium,  Fotnic'ulum  aquat'icmm, 
Gicuta'ria  aquatica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved 
Water  Hemlock,  (F.)  Phellandre,  Fenomil  tTemu, 
Oigui  cVeau.  Family,  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  SyeL 
Pentandria  Digynia.  This  plant  is  stimulant  and 
narcotic.  It  has  been  used  in  intermittents  and 
dyspepsia.  It  has,  also,  been  given  in  phthisis  pal- 
monalis,  and  in  cases  of  scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHENIG'MUS,  Phamigtmm»,  Phegnty  mum,  fros 
<f*tvit-t  *  red.'  Red  Jaundice.  A  cutaneous  affec- 
tion, consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.  Bauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of  his 
order  Icteritim.  Also,  the  act  of  irritating  a  part 
by  a  stimulating  application. 

PHiNOMMNB,  Phenomenon. 

PHENOMENON,  Phamom'enon,  (P.)  PaeW 
mene,  from  Qaiwpai,  'I  appear.  An  extraordi- 
nary and  unexpected  event  In  Medicine,  it 
means  any  change,  appreciable  by  our  senses, 
which  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function: — at 
the  phenomena  of  the  circulation,  respiration,  Ac 
It  is  used  in  pathology,  synonymously  with 
symptom. 

PHEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PHEUGYDRON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHI'ALA,  A  Phial  or  Vial,  (F.)  Fiole.  A 
small  bottle,  in  which  apothecaries  are  in  the 
habit  of  sending  out  their  mixtures,  draughts, 
Ac. :  henoe  called  Med'icine  YiaU,  (F.)  Fiole*  i 
Midecine.  They  are  usually  sold  in  grosses,  and 
assorted  into  vials  of  os.  8;  os.  4;  os.  3;  os.  2; 
oz.  1} ;  ok.  1 ;  and  os.  }. 

PHIL  AD  YN  A  MICA,  DebOitants. 

PHILANTHR0PU8,  Galium  sparine. 

PHILETRON,  Philter. 

PHILETRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

PHILIATROS,  fiXtarpot,  from  *iXc», '  I  love/ 
and  iarfuKT),  *  medicine.'  An  amateur  of  medicine. 
One  who  studies  medicine ;  Studio' rue  medic?**. 

VmhOBIQ'818,  (V.)Philobiorie:  fromfJk 
'  I  love/  and  0ioj, '  life.'    The  love  of  life. 

PHILCE'NIA,  from  fiAw,  'I  love,'  and  em* 
'  wine.'    Lore  of  wine.    Addiction  to  wine. 

PHILOGYNIA,  Muliebrositas. 

PHILONIUM  LONDINENSE,  Confeetio  sue. 

PHILOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia, 

PHILOPATRIDOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Alchynay. 

PHILOSOPHIA  CORPORIS  VIVI,  Physi- 
ology—  p.  Hermetic*,  Alchymy — p.  per  Igneav 
Chymistry. 

PHILTER,  from  0iXc»,  <I  love.'  PhOtrum, 
Phil'eiron,  Phar'macum  vel  Poc'ulum  amato'rimm* 
Amato'rium  venejie"ium,  (F.)  Philtre.  A  medi- 
cine or  drink  considered  capable  of  causing  k*e> 

PHILTRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

PHILYRA,  Tilia, 

PHIMA,  Phyma. 

PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 

PHIMO'SICUS.    Relating  to  Phimosis. 

Bauvages  calls  Iechu'ria  phimo'riea,  fecku'rim 
urethra* lit  d  phimo'ri,  the  retention  of  urine  which 
depends  upon  phimosis. 

PHIMO'SIS,  Phumo'rie,  Copirtra'tio,  . 
gium,  IAgatu'ra   glandit,   Strictu'r* 


PHLASMA  M 

Beduftio  prapu'Hi  impedi'ta,  from  +tueu9 '  I  bind 
up.'  A  disease  which  consists  in  a  preternatural 
narrowness  of  the  opening  of  the  prepuce,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  carried  behind  the  corona  glan- 
dis.  This  affection  is  most  commonly  congenital. 
Sometimes  it  is  accidental,  and  dependent  upon 
tumefaction  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as 
occurs  in  syphilis.  To  remedy  this  state,  the 
prepuce  may  be  divided  by  means  of  a  bistoury 
and  director ;  or  circumcision  may  be  practised. 

Phimosis  Adnata,  seu  Congenita,  sen  Pueei- 
lib,  Congenital  phimosis — p.  Ciroumligata,  Para- 
phimosis— p.  Congenita,  P.  adnata. 

Phimo'sis  CBdbm ato'dbs,  Hydrophimo'efr.  Phi- 
mosis with  oedematous  swelling  of  the  prepuce. 

Phimosis  Puebilis,  Ph.  adnata. 

PHLASMA,  Contusion. 

PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Anenrism. 

PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlebec'taeU,  from  fX*^, 
'  a  vein/  and  tttraen,  *  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of 
a  vein,  or  of  a  portion  of  a  vein. — Alibert 

PHLEBECTIARGTIE.  A  mongrel  term, 
from  fXtrp,  'a  vein/  and  areto,  *  I  contract'  Con- 
traction of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES,  (Arteries.)    See  Artery. 

PHLEBEURYSMA,  VarU. 

PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  fX*/,,  '  a  vein.'  A 
vein. — Hippocrates.    A  small  vein, —  Ve'nula. 

PHLEBIS'MUSj  from  *X«^,  fkt&is,  'a  vein/ 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  the 
turgescence  of  veins,  produoed  by  impeded  re- 
turn of  the  blood.    See  Trachelismus. 

PHLEBI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  vena'rum,  (P.)  In- 
flammation dee  veinee,  from  ^Aetf,  'a  vein/  and 
itie,  the  termination  for  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  inner  membrane  of  a  vein,  which 
sometimes  follows  blood-letting,  and  extends  from 
the  small  wound  made  in  that  operation  to  the 
neighbouring  parts  of  the  venous  system.  The 
symptoms  are,  first,  inflammation  in  the  punc- 
tured part;  and,  afterwards,  a  knotty,  tense, 
painful  cord,  following  the  direction  of  the  vessel, 
and  accompanied  with  more  or  less  fever,  accord- 
ing to  the  extent  of  the  inflammation,  the  nervous 
symptoms,  Ac  Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  super- 
venes on  the  ligature  or  excision  of  varices ;  after 
amputation,  gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  ( Uterine 
Phlebitis,  Metro-phlebi'tie  puerpera'lu,  Phlebi'tie 
uteri' na,  Metri'ti*  veno'ea),  the  ligature  of  the 
umbilical  cord,  Ac  It  may  terminate  by  reso- 
lution, suppuration,  ulceration,  or  gangrene. 

Phlebitis,  Crural,  Phlegmatia  dolens— p. 
Uterina,  see  Peritonitis,  and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOGRAPHY,  Phleboqra 'phia,  from 
+\np,  'a  vein/  and  ypx$n>  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  veins. 

PHLEB'OLITE,  Phlebol'ithus,  Veinstone,  from 
£Xc^,  'a  vein/  and  XiBsf,  'a  stone.'  A  loose  con- 
cretion, varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  currant  to 
that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in  the  veins. 
It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the  blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 
PHLEBOI/OGY,  Phlebolog"ia,  from  *X«^,  'a 
vein/  and  Xoya* , '  a  discourse/    The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  veins. 

PHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  <p\c^  'a  vein/  and 
vaXXw,  '  I  palpitate/  With  the  ancients,  pulsa- 
tion, which  they  conceived  to  be  produoed  by  the 
veins.    See  Pulsus  venarum. 

PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,    Onhihalmo- 

phlebotom'ia,  from  ^Xsxp,  '  a  vein/  o<fi$a\uo<, '  the 

eye/  and  rtftva, '  I  cut'    Blood-letting  in  the  eye. 

PHLEBOPLERO'SIfl  ECPHRACTICA,  In- 

flammation. 

PHLEBORRHAG"IA,  from  *X«*,  'a  vein/ 
and  pnywfu, '  I  break  out'  Rupture  of  the  veins ; 


>  PHLEGMATIA 

and,  in  a  more  extensive*  sense,  venous  hemor- 
rhage. 

PHLEBORRHEX'IS,  from  e}\ttf/t  'a  vein/ and 
pvfc,  'rupture/  Rupture  of  a  vein.  Also,  he- 
morrhage from  a  vein,  Phleborrhag"ia. 

PHLEBOSTENO'SIS;  from  fXtuS  'a  vein/ 
and  rrtrveif, '  contraction/  Constriction  or  con- 
traction of  a  vein. 

PHLEBOT'OMIST,  from  *X«^,  'a  vein/  and 
rtfiwa,  'I  cut'  A  bleeder.  One  who  practises 
particularly  the  art  of  phlebotomy.  See  Blood- 
letting. 

PHLEBOTOMTTM,  Fleam. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting. 

PHLEBS,  Vein. 

PHLEDONIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM,  Phlegma,  Pitui'ta,  Pit'uite,  Much*, 
(F.)  Pituite.  One  of  the  four  natural  humours 
of  the  ancients,  which,  according  to  them,  was 
cold  and  moist,  as  atrabilis  was  cold  and  dry.  It 
predominated,  especially,  in  winter. 

Pituita  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque- 
ous or  excrementitious  humour,  suoh  as  the  sa- 
liva, nasal  and  intestinal  mucus,  serum,  Ao. 
The  terms  phlegm  Bad  pituita  are  no  longer  used 
in  physiology, — the  different  humours  having  re- 
ceived particular  names ;  but  the  vulgar  still  use 
phlegm  to  designate  a  stringy  mucus,  expecto- 
rated, or  rejected  by  vomiting.  The  ancient 
chymists  gave  the  name  'phlegm'  to  aqueous, 
insipid,  and  inodorous  products  obtained  by  sub- 
jecting moist  vegetable  matters  to  the  action  of 
heat 

PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM,  Nasal  mu- 
cus— p.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  (very  dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmago'gus ;  from 
<p\typa,  'phlegm/  and  ayu,  'I  expel/  A  medi- 
cine, formerly  believed  capable  of  "  cutting "  or 
removing  phlegm. 

PHLEGMAPYRA,  Fever  adeno-meningeal. 

PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— p. 
Adenosa,  Adenitis — p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum. 
Ph.  dolens  —  p.  Cellularis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue — p.  Glandulosa,  Adenitis — p.  Myoica, 
Myositis — p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peritonitis. 

PHLEGMASIA,  from  fXtyua,  'phlegm. 
(Edema,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

Phlegmasia.  Dolbhs,  P.  lac'tea,  P.  dolent 
puerpera'rum,  P.  alba  dolent  puerpera'rum,  Xea- 
eophlegmasia  dolens  puerperarum,  Scelon'cus,  See* 
lal'gia  puerpera'rum,  Anasar'ea  sero'sa,  Ecphy'- 
ma  aidemat'icum,  Spargano'sis  puerperarum,  Ec- 
*l«Mn,.'ma  lymphat'icum,  lochias  a  spargano'si, 


CEde'ma  puerperarum,  (Ed.  laeteum,  Infare'tue 
lac'tei  extremita'tum,  Metastasis  lactis,  Hy  sterol'- 
gia  galae'tiea,  Hydrophlegma'sia  textile  cellulo'si, 
Crural  Phlebi'tU,  White  leg,  Swelled  leg,  Milk 
leg,  White  swelling  of  lying  in  women,  (F.) 
(Edeme  dee  nouvelles  aeeouchtes,  (Edeme  douleu- 
reux  dee  femmee  em  eouehe,  Depot  laiteux  eur  la 
euisse,  (Edlme  aetif  dee  nouvelles  aceouchSeet  En- 
flure  ou  Engorgement  deejambee  et  dee  euisses  de 
la/emme  aecouchie,  E.  laiteux  dee  membree  abdo- 
minaux.  It  occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  se- 
cond or  third  week  after  delivery : — is  limited  to 
the  lower  extremity,  and  chiefly  to  one  side;  ex- 
hibiting to  the  touch  a  feeling  of  numerous  irre- 
gular prominences  under  the  skin.  It  is  hot, 
white,  and  unyielding;  and  is  accompanied, - 
sooner  or  later,  with  febrile  excitement  After  a 
few  days,  the  heat,  hardness,  and  sensibility  di- 
minish, and  the  limb  remains  oedematous  for  a 
longer  or  shorter  period.  The  disease  frequently, 
if  not  generally,  consists  in  the  obstruction  of  the 
iliac  or  other  veins.  Owing  to  the  pressure  of 
the  gravid  uterus — the  flow  of  blood  being  ob- 
structed— the  serous  part  of  it  is  thrown  out  Into 


PHLEGMATIC 


PHONONOSI 


the  cellular  membrane  of  the  limb.  Sometimes 
the  rein  in  found  completely  obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gistic* :  —  the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin :  fomentations  to  the  limb, 
Ac;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  subsided,  the 
use  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first,  but,  after- 
wards, gradually  tightened. 

Phlegm atia  Lactea,  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATIC,  see  Empresma— p.  Membra- 
hossb  et  parenchymatosaa,  Empresma. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal. 

PHLEGMATORRHAG"IA,  Phlegmatorrnce'a, 
Catarrh,  from  <p*tyu>,  '  phlegm/  and  pot, '  I  flow.' 
Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  this  name  to  a  co- 
pious secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a  limpid  and 
thin  mucus,  without  inflammation.  It  is  the 
Cbry'sa  Phlegmaiorrhag"ia  of  Sauvages.  See 
Coryza. 

PHLEGMHYMENITIS,  Phlegmymenitis. 

PHLEGMON,  from  0Ary«, '  I  burn.'  Phlogo'- 
ftf  phleg'moni,  Phleg'moni,  Phlegma'tia,  Incen'- 
dium,  Inflamma'tio.  Inflammation  of  the  areolar 
texture  accompanied  with  redness,  circumscribed 
•welling,  increased  heat  and  pain ;  which  is,  at 
first,  tensive  and  lancinating ;  afterwards,  pulsa- 
tory and  heavy.  It  is  apt  to  terminate  in  suppu- 
ration. It  requires  the  antiphlogistic  treatment, 
until  suppuration  seems  inevitable,  when  the  sup- 
puration must  be  encouraged  as  the  next  favour- 
able termination  to  resolution. 

PHLEGMON  p£rIN$PHR£tIQUE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis. 

PnLEGMONE,  Inflammation  — p.  Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa —  p.  Mactodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostematosa  —  p.  Parotidsea,  Parotis  — 

&  Peritonei,  Peritonitis — p.  Parulis,  Parulis — p. 
usculorum,  Myositis— p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 

PHLEGMONODES,  Phlegmonous. 

PHLEGMONOID,  Phlegmonous. 

PHLEGMONOUS,  Phlegmono'de*,  PMeg'mo- 
noid,  from  fXtypovri,  'a phlegmon,'  and  uiot,  're- 
semblance.' That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
or  resembles  phlegmon. 

Phlegmonous  Inflammation  is  the  active  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  membrane ;  in  contra- 
distinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or  that 
of  the  skin. 

PHLEGMOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeaL 

PHLEGMORRHAGIA,  Blennorrhea. 

PHLEOMORRHAQIE  PULMONAIRE, 
Bronco  orrhoea. 

PHLEGMORRHCEA,  Blennorrhea. 

PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,PA/tfoJ»Aymen»'ftVrom 
fkeyna, '  phlegm,'  'vftrjv,  *  a  membrane,'  and  iti », 
the  termination  for  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phleqmymenitis  Ektbrica,  see  Enteritis. 

PHLEPS,  Vein. 

PHLOGIA,  Inflammation. 

PHLOGICUS.  Inflammatory. 

PHLOGISTIC,  Inflammatory. 

PHLOGISTICI,  Empresma. 

PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen. 

PHLOGMUS,  Verbascum  thapsns. 

PHLOGO'DES,  from  ^Xo£,  '  flame,'  and  atos, 
'resemblance.'  Infla'tned,  Inflamma'tut,  Inflam- 
mato'ritu,  Inflammatory.  An  epithet  employed 
particularly  to  express  the  red  colour  of  the  face. 

PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 

PHLOGOSED,  Inflamed. 

PHLOGO'SIS,  Incen'dium,  Inflammation. 
Borne  writers  use  this  word  exclusively  for  exter- 
nal inflammation — phlegmon;  others,  for  that 
which  is  superficial  or  erysipelatous. 


PHLOGOT'ICA,  Inflammation*.    The 
order  in  the  class  Hamatica  of  Good. 

PHLOIOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOMUS,  Verbascum  thapsns. 

PHLOOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOR'IDZINE,  Phloridzi'na,  Phlorid**, 
from  <p\oos,  'inner  bark,'  and  pi$a,  'root.*  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk  of 
the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  is  de- 
posited from  the  decoction  on  cooling;  crystal- 
lizes in  silky  spicuia  of  a  dead  white  colour,  when 
in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or  tables, 
when  crystallised  with  care.  1000  parts  of  water, 
at  a  temperature  of  from  32°  to  71°,  only  dissolve 
about  one  part;  but  at  from  70°  to  21 2°,  it  is 
dissolved  in  all  proportions.  It  is  very  soluble 
in  pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly  so  in  ether; 
s.  g.  1.429.  It  has  been  administered  success- 
fully in  intermittents, — 10  to  20  grains  being  ge- 
nerally required  to  arrest  the  paroxysm.  It  may 
be  given  either  in  the  form  of  pill  or  powder. 

PHLOUS,  Cortex. 

PHLOX,  Verbascum  thapsns. 

PHLYCT^'NA,  Phlyeta'nie,  Phlyrti;  PUy- 
za'cion,  Ampulla,  Holophlyc'tides,  Pklyc'tida, 
Phlyeie,  from  <p\v$*,  *  I  boil.'  Tumours  formed 
by  the  accumulation  of  a  serous  fluid  under  the 
epidermis. 

PHLYCT^NULA,  see  Hydatid. 

PHLYC'TENOID,  PhlyctenoVde*.  Root- 
bling  phlyctane.  An  epithet  for  a  variety  of 
herpes. 

PHLYCTENULAR,  same  etymon  as  Phlj?- 
tcena.  Of  or  belonging  to  phlyctaenula, — mspihp- 
tenular  ophthalmia,  inflammation  of  the  eye,  ac- 
companied with  phlyctenular  on  the  cornea. 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctaena. 

PHLYCTID'IUM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
or  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  coriam, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  whieh 
suppuration  takes  place.  The  genuine  small-pox 
pustule,  and  that  produced  by  the  application  of 
tartar  emetic  ointment,  are  examples  of  it. 

PHLYCTIS,  Phlyctaena. 

PHLYSIS,  from  4>\vfa  *  I  am  hot,' *  I  boiL'  A 
cutaneous  eruption.  An  ulcerative,  subentaneoai 
tumour:  flat,  tensive,  glabrous;  diffused,  hoi. 
throbbing;  at  length  fluctuating,  with  an  ami 
ichor.  —  Good. 

Phlysis,  Phlyctaena — p.  Ecthyma,  Bcthys* 
— p.  Impetigo,  Impetigo — p.  Porrjgo,  Porrigo— 
p.  Scabies,  Psora. 

PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 

PHLYZACION.  Phlyctsena. 

PHOBODIPSON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHOCOM'ELES,  from  fwc?,  'a  seal,*  ana 
fttXof,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  whka 
the  limbs  are  shortened ;  the  hands  and  feet  ap- 
pearing to  exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  imme- 
diately on  the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals  and  the  her- 
bivorous cetacea.— J.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PHCENICISMUS,  Rubeola. 

PHCENIGMUS,  Phenigmus  —  p.  Petechial, 
Purpura  simplex. 

PHCENIX  DACTYLIFERA,  Date  tree-?. 
Excelsa,  Date  tree. 

PHONA'TION,  Phona'tio,  from  *Wv*,  'rosea' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 

PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NICA,  0»*<ra,  from  *»w,  'toics.'  Tie 
first  order  of  the  class  Pneumatics,  in  G«odi 
Nosology.  Defined :  diseases  affecting  the  rail 
avenues :  —  the  passage  of  the  voice  impeded,  «f 
its  power  suppressed  or  depraved. 

PHONON'OSI,   PAoHomr'W,   from   *»*•,  'me 

voice/  and  two;,    '»  disease.*      Pi >jiaesa*s\ 

Morbi  wet's.    Diseases  of  the  voice. 


PHONOPATHIA 


667 


PHKENO 


PHONOPATHIA,  Phononosi. 

PHORA,  Gestation. 

PHORBE,  Pabulum. 

PHORONOM'IA,  from  fopzopat,  or  Qtpouai,  '  I 
put  myself  in  motion/  and  »ofiof, '  law/  The  doc- 
trine of  muscular  motion. 

PHOROUS,  from  *cg<*, ' I  carry/  A  suffix  de- 
noting conveyance.    Hence,  Qalactopkorous,  Ac. 

PHOS,  Light. 

PHOSPHAS  CALCICUM  STIBIATUM,  An- 
timonial  powder — p.  Galcis  stibiatus,  Antimonial 
powder — p.  Natricum,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Phosphat'icus,  from  Phospho- 
rus. Relating  to  the  phosphates;  hence  the 
Phosphat'ic  Diath'esis  is  the  habit  of  body  which 
favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates  from  the 
urine.  . 

PH08PHENE,  Photopsia. 

PHOSPHORE.  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHORENltSES.  M.  Baumes  unites, 
under  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he  attri- 
butes to  disordered  phosphorylation  ;  i.  e.  to  ex- 
cess or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphate  or  its 
decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  he 
ranks  rachitis,  osteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORES  'CENCE,  Phonphorescen  'tia. 
The  properties  possessed  by  certain  bodies  of  be- 
ing luminous  in  obscurity,  or  under  particular 
circumstances. 

PHOS'PHORIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  phosphor', 
town,  (F.)  Acids  phosphorique.  A  solid,  colour- 
less compound;  highly  sapid;  very  soluble  in 
water,  and  vitrifiable  by  fire.  It  exists  in  bones 
combined  with  lime.  It  has  been  employed  in 
medicine  in  the  form  of  lemonade,  in  passive  he- 
morrhage, typhus,  phthisis,  marasmus,  Ac,  and 
in  injection  in  cases  of  cancer  of  the  uterus.  It 
does  not  seem  preferable  to  other  acids. 

PHOSPHORURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent 

PHOS'PHORUS,  Phos'phorum,  Autophos'pho- 
rus,  Ignis  philosoph'icus,  Lumen  constant,  from 
<pu>s,  Might,'  and  <pepw,  'I  carry/  (F.)  Phosphors, 
'  A  light  carrier/  An  elementary  or  undecom- 
posed  substance ;  not  metallic ;  solid ;  transparent 
or  semitransparent ;  colourless;  brilliant;  flexible; 
of  a  sensible  garlic  odour;  very  inflammable, 
and  susceptible  of  combining  with*  the  oxygen 
of  the  atmosphere,  at  even  the  ordinary  tempera- 
ture. It  does  not  exist  pore  in  nature,  but  is 
found  frequently  united  to  other  bodies.  Its 
fumes  in  the  manufacture  of  lucifer  and  oongreve 
matches  have  caused,  it  is  said,  necrosis  of  the 
lower  jaw — *  phosphorus  jaw  disease.' 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  ether  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  egg, 
as  a  stimulant;  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  administration :  hence  it  is  rarely 
employed. 

Phosphorus  Jaw  Disease,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent  See 
Urine. 

PHOTODAMPSIS,  Refraction. 

PHOTOMA'NIA,  from  *»j, ' light,'  and  mania. 
Insane  delirium  induced  by  light 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  <p*s,  <I>»to<,  'light/  and 
$o{3ost  'fear.'  Aversion  to  light: — intolerance 
of  light     Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBICUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA,  Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOP'SIA,  Visus  lu'cidns,  from  #»*,  'light,' 
and  (a\p,  'the  eye.'  (F.)  Phosphlne.  A  false 
perception  of  light,  as  of  sparks,  flashes  of  fire, 
Ac,  occasioned  by  certain  conditions  of  the  retina 
and  brain,  and  by  pressure  on  the  eyeball.  When 
pressure  does  not  induce  the  luminous  appear- 


ance, the  existence  of  amaurosis  may  be  inferred. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PHOTU'RIA,  from  <pt*$,  'light,'  and  ovpn, 
urine.'    A  luminous  condition  of  the  urine. 

PHRAGMOS,  Qpaypos,  from  <ppaceu,  'I  en- 
close.'   A  row  of  teeth. 

PHRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PHRASUM,  Marrubium. 

PHREN,  <ppnv,  'the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm and  scrobiculus  cordis. 

PHRENAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  cerebri;  from 
<f>pnv,  '  the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind/  and  mifr, 
1  increase.'    Hypertrophy  of  the  brain. 

PHREN ATROPHIA,  Atrophia  cerebri;  from 
<ppnv,  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind/  a,  priv., 
and  rpo<pn,  'nourishment'  Wasting  or  atrophy 
of  the  brain. 

PHRENES,  Diaphragm. 

PHRENESIA,  Phrenitis. 

PHRJSNESIE,  Phrenitis. 

PHREN ESIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETIASIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis.  ' 

PHRENETISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHRE'NICA,  from  <Ppw, '  the  mind/  Diseases 
affecting  the  intellect;  characterized  by  error, 
perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of  the  men- 
tal faculties,  {Phrenopathi'a.)  The  first  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  pf  Good.  Also,  remedies  that 
affect  the  mental  faculties  —  Phren'ics.     Pereira. 

PHRENICS,  see  Phrenica. 

PHRENICULA  HYDROCEPHALICA,  Hy- 
drocephalus inter  mis. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENI'TIS,  Phren'eeis,  Phrene'sia,  Phre- 
neti'asis,  Phrenis'mus,  Phrenetis'mus,  Cephali'tis, 
Cephalalgia  infiammato'ria,  Karabitus  (Arab.), 
Si  bare,  Sphacelin'thue  cer'ebri,  Emprce'rna  cepha- 
li'tis, Siri'asis,  Seiri'asis,  Sidera'tio,  Injlamma'- 
tio  phreni'tis,  Encephali'tis,  Cauma  phreni'tis, 
Phrensy,  Delirium,  Erain  Fever,  (F.)  PhrSnSne, 
Inflammation  du  cerveau  et  du  cervelet,  from  $pm*f 
'  the  mind/  and  flit,  denoting  inflammation.  A 
disease  characterized  by  violent  pyrexia,  pain  in 
the  head,  redness  of  the  face  and  eyes,  intole- 
rance of  light  and  sound,  watchfulness,  and  de- 
lirium, either  furious  or  muttering.  Its  causes 
are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflammations : 
sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by  a  Coup  de 
soleil;  by  inebriation;  violent  mental  emotions, 
Ac.  Some  authors  have  given  the  name  Phre- 
nitis and  Meningitis  to  inflammation  of  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain ;  and  that  of  Cephalitis,  En- 
cephalitis, or  Cerebritis  to  inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain ;  but  there  are  no  pathog- 
nomic symptoms,  which  can  lead  us  to  refer  the 
seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of  those  parts  exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis  is,  of  course,  a  very  dangerous 
affection,  from  the  importance  of  the  organ  con- 
cerned., The  most  active  treatment  must  neces- 
sarily be  pursued.  Repeated  bleeding;  purging; 
the  application  of  ice  to  the  shaved  head ;  a  po- 
sition in  which  the  head  is  raised ;  and  the  avoid- 
ing of  irritation  of  every  kind ;  —  form  the  reme- 
dial means  during  the  violent  stage.  After  this 
has  yielded,  counter-irritants  to  the  nape  of  the 
neok  or  to  other  parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful 
adjuvants.  When  the  brain  and  meninges  were 
affected  only  symptomatically,  as  in  inflamma- 
tion of  the  diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly 
called  Paraphrenias. 

Hydrocephalus  acutus  is  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Phrenitis  Calenttjra,  Qoup-de-soleil — p.  La- 
trans,  Hydrophobia — p.  Potatorum,  Delirium  tre- 
mens— p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHRENOLOGY,  Craniology. 

PHRENO-MAG'NETISM,    Phreno-mesw*. 


PHRCTOPABALYSIS 


668 


PHTHISIS 


im.    A  term  applied  to  the  condition  of  a  mes- 
merised person,  in  which,  when  any  cerebral  or 
phrenological  organ — so  called — U  touched,  the 
functions  of  the  organ  are  manifested.  It  has  been 
established,  that  no  such  phenomena  can  be  eli- 
cited in  children,  or  in  those  who  have  never  seen 
a  phrenological  cast  or  picture. 
PHRENOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 
PHRENOPATHIA,  see  Phrenic*. 
Phrexopathi'a  ^thb'bea.     The  aggregate 
of  encephalic  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhala- 
tion of  ether. 

PHRENSY,  Phrenitis. 
PHRICASMUS,  Horripilation. 
PHRICE,  Horripilation. 
PHRICIA,  Horripilation. 
PHRICIASIS,  Horripilation. 
PHRICO'DES  (FEBRI8,)  from  ft**?,  'a  shi- 
vering -,'  Horri/'ica.    A  fever  in  which  the  chill 
is  very  intense  and  prolonged. 
PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 
PHRYCTE,  Colophonia, 
PfcRYGriUS  (LAPIS.)    An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly 
employed  as  an  astringent. —  Gorweue. 

PHTHARMA  CALIGO,  Caligo— p.  Cataraeta, 
Cataract — p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 
PHTHEIR,  Pediculus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA  j  from  <pdapwf  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'aifta,  *  blood.  A  state  in  which  the  plastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PHTHEIRI'ASIS,  Phthiriasis,  from  +&ur,  'a 
louse ;'  Morbus  pediculo'sus,  M.pedicula'ris,  Pru- 
ri'go  pedicula'ris,  Pedicula'tio,  Malis  pedic'uli, 
Peta'U,  Loudness,  Lousy  disease,  (F.)  Maladie 
ptdiculaire,  Phlhiriase.  A  disease  which  con- 
sists in  the  excessive  multiplication  of  lice  on  the 
human  body,  under  conditions  in  which  it  docs 
not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in  spite  of  cleanli- 
ness. It  has  been  asserted  that  the  affection  has 
often  caused  death.  Simple  and  medicated  baths 
have  beon  recommended  for  its  removal ;  lotions 
of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of  tobacco  and  staves- 
acre,  mercurial  frictions,  Ac 

PHTHEIRIUM,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
PHTHEIROCTONUM,    Delphinium    staphi- 
sagria. 
PHTHINAS,  Phthisis. 
PHTHINODES,  Phthisicus. 
PHTHIRIA8E,  Phtheiriaeis. 
PHTHIRIASIS,  Malis,  Phtheiriaeis. 
PHTHIRIUM  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 
PHTHIRIUS,  Antiparasitic  — p.  Inguinalis, 
see  Pediculus. 
PHTHIROCTONUS,  Abortive. 
PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn. 
PHTHISES:   same  etymon  as  Phthisis.    In 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  diseases  attended  with 
ulceration,  hectic  fever,  and  emaciation. 
PHTHISIC,  PhthisU. 
PHTHISICAL,  Phthisious. 
PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des,  Phthis'ieal,  Ti*>- 
ieal,  (F.)  Poitrinaire;  same  etymon  as  phthisis. 
Belonging  to  phthisis.    Also,  one  labouring  un- 
der phthisis. 

PHTIIISTB,  PhthisU  pulmonalis— p.  Calcu- 
Isuse,  Calculi,  pulmonary,  see  Lithiasis  pulmo- 
num— *>.  Oarcinomateuse,  Phthisis,  cancerous— p. 
avec  Milanese,  Anthracosis  pulmonum— -p.  Messn- 
ttrique,  Tabes  mesenteric*. 

PHTHISIOL'OGFY,  Phihisiologf'ia,  from  e^i- 
wic,  and  \oyos*    A  treatise  on  phthisis. 
PHTHISIOSIS,  Tubercular  consumption. 
PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA,    Phthisis   pulmo- 
nalis. 

PHTHISIS,  Phthoi,  Phthinas,  Tab*,  Te'ce- 
don.  Consumption,  Decline,  Phthisic,  Tis'ic$  from 


f&u, 'I  dry,  I  fade.'  This  word,  taken  in  a>  gs> 
neral  sense,  means  progressive  emaciation  of 
every  part  of  the  body.  It  is  usually,  however, 
restricted  to  phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Phthisis,  Black,  see  Anthracosis. 

Phthisis,  Bron'chial,  Phthisis  bronrhia'h's. 
Phthisis  occasioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 
tuberculous  bronchial  glands,  which,  not  unfre- 
quently,  communicate  with  caverns  in  the  lungs, 
or  with  the  bronchia. 

Phthisis  Calccjlosa,  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

Phthisis,  Can'cbrous,  Scirrhus,  Carcinoma  st 


Fungus  Pulmo'num,  Med*ullary  or  Encrph'aloid 
Tumour  of  the  Lung,  (F.)  Cancer  du  Poumum. 
Cancer  of  the  lung,  which  gives  rise  to  carci- 
nomatous phthisis,  (F.)  Phthisis  carcinosnateuse, 
of  Bayle. 

Phthisis  CoHSumrATA,  see  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 
Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis  —  p.  Dyspeptic,  see 
Phthisis  — p.  Exulcerata,  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 
Hepatica,  Hepato-phthisis— p.  Ischiadic*,  Isefaio- 
phthisis. 

Phthisis  Larywqe'a,  Chronic  Laryngitis,  La- 
ryngi'tis  et  Trachei'tis  chron'ica,  Tvbercmlo'sis 
laryn'giset  trache' a,  Laryn' go  et  TraekeophtXisis, 
Laryngophthisis,  Ul'cera  sen  Hclco'si*  Larymgis, 
(F.)  Phthisis  laryngte,  Ulcers  du  larynx7  Laryn- 
gite  avec  sicrition  de  Pus,  is  a  species  of  con- 
sumption analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  pro- 
duced by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  in- 
terior of  the  larynx,  and  sometimes  by  caries  of 
the  cartilages.  Phthisis  trachea'lis,  Tracheopk- 
thi'sis,  is  a  similar  affection,  seated  in  the  trachea. 
Chronic  inflammation  or  the  larynx  and  trachea 
may  exist,  however,  without  tubercles  or  phthisis. 
Phthisis  Mbseraica,  Tabes  mesenteric*— p. 
Nodosa,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p.  Notias,  Tabes  dor- 
salis. 

Phthisis  Pulhoka'lis,  Ph.  pulmo'mtm,  PL 
pulmona'lis  vera  sen  tuberculoma  sen  scropkmlo'sm 
seu  tuberculo-ulcera'ta  seu  puruien'ta  erulceru'ts, 
seu  exulcera'ta,  Maras'mus phthisis,  Hee'ticaphthi- 
sis,  Hamop'tysis  phthisis,  Ph.  Pulmona'ris  seu  **- 
do'sa,  Passio  vomicof'lua,  Phthisi-pueumo'nia,  Ta- 
bes pulmona'lis  seu  pulmo'num,  Ulcus  pulmsonum, 
Helco' sis  pulmona'lis,  Pneumonophthi'sis,  Pnexme- 
noph'thoe',  Phthisis  serophuWsa,  Pnswwjfthet, 
Pulmo'nia,Phthisis  tuberculo'sa,  Tuberealo'sis  PuL 
mo'num,Qongrophthi'sfa  Tuberculous  disease  of  As 
lungs,  Pulmonary  consumption,  Consumption,  De- 
dine,  Phthisic,  Tisic,^.)  PhthisU,  P.pulmemairt, 
Orachament  de  pus.  Occasionally,  this  formida- 
ble disease  occurs  accidentally :  but*  usually,  it 
is  caused  by  a  conformation  obtained  from  pro- 
genitors. This,  at  least,  predisposes  to  it ;  and 
but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required  to 
rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.  It  is  less  a 
disease  of  the  torrid  sone ;  and,  in  the  temperate 
regions  of  the  globe,  its  pathology  is  often  ina- 
mately  allied  with  that  of  scrofula.  It  con«s*§ 
in  the  formation  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs,  wbkt 
sooner  or  later  inflame  and  break  down.  In  sacs  s 
constitution,  ulcerations  of  the  lungs  do  not  readily 
heal ;  and  hectic  fever — the  universal  attendant 
upon  irritability  and  debility — is  established.  Tka 
persists,  and  gradually  wears  down  the  patksW 
till  he  ultimately  expires,  exhausted  by  the  irri- 
tative fever.  The  chief  symptoms  are  the  Al- 
lowing. The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiBesi 
in  the  chest,  with  severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a 
short  and  dry  oough  with  dyspnoea.  This  bjs? 
be  considered  the  incipient  stage.  The  ceock 
then  becomes  extremely  troublesome,  espeeiaSy 
in  the  morning ;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  &« 
slightest  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evidently 
purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  and  cikss* 
scribed  redness  of  the  cheeks ;  wasting  and  cd- 
liquative  sweats  early  in  the  morning.    This  mast 


PHTHISIS 


PHYSCONIA 


b*  considered  the  confirmed  stage, — PhthUU  con- 
nmma'ta,  Pnewnophthi'iis.  In  the  third,  or  last 
stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with  small  pulse, 
pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweats,  and  diarrhoea. 
The  weakness  becomes  extreme,  and  the  patient 
exhausted.  Physical  Sign*.  —  1.  In  the  first 
stage,  whilst  there  are  yet  scattered  miliary  tu- 
bercles,— the  only  appreciable  ohange  at  the  ex- 
terior of  the  ohest,  and  this  is  not  constant,  is  a 
want  of  freedom  in  the  morements  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally  disco- 
ver a  slight  diminution  of  sound  corresponding 
to  the  summit  of  one  lung.  In  the  same  situa- 
tion, auscultation  shows  that  the  inspiratory  mur- 
mur is  either  weaker,  rougher,  or  confused.  The 
sound  of  expiration  is  more  distinct.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant,  and  wheez- 
ing or  mucous  r&let  are  occasionally  heard  in  the 
same  region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition 
has  become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the 
chest  is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more  su- 
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lung  is  per- 
haps healthy,  or  the  respiration  may  be  puerile. 
8.  When  the  tuberoles  are  undergoing  softening, 
—in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs,  auscultation 
exhibits  a  subcrepitant  rdle  around  the  apex  of 
the  lung,  decreasing  from  above  downwards.  It 
is  most  distinct  during  or  after  the  cough,  and  at 
the  close  of  a  deep  inspiration.  As  the  disease 
proceeds,  the  bubbling  becomes  successively 
larger,  and  ultimately  gargouillement  is  heard. 
The  inspiration  and  expiration  are  cavernous  or 
tracheal.  The  voice  and  cough  indicate  unusual 
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal 
spaces  are  often  depressed  locally,  and  percussion 
may  become  gradually  clearer  and  even  tympa- 
nitic as  the  cavern  increases. 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  formi- 
dable disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment ;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  climate 
in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily  enjoyed 
during  the  autumnal,  winter,  and  spring  months 
is  the  best  See  Climate.  If  this  be  impracti- 
cable, the  patient  must  J^  kept  in  a  regulated 
temperature,  taking  careWat  the  chamber  be 
duly  ventilated ;  and  gestation  in  the  open  air  be 
used,  whenever  the  atmosphere,  although  cold,  is 
dry.  The  other  indications  will  be :  1.  To  mode- 
rate inflammatory  action:  2.  To  support  the 
strength ;  and,  3.  To  palliate  urgent  symptoms. 
The  whole  treatment  indeed  is  palliative.  Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve  pain:  demulcents  and  mild 
opiates  alleviate  the  cough:  the  mineral  acids, 
united  with  opium, relieve  the  colliquative  sweats; 
and  chalk  and  opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Br.  Wilson  Philip  has  pointed  out  a  particular 
species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterized,  in  the 
early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the  digestive 
organs ;  flatulent,  irregular  bowels ;  furred  tongue ; 
impaired  appetite ;  unnatural  faeces ;  and  the  epi- 
gastric region  more  or  less  full  and  tender  on 
pressure.  The  affection  of  the  lungs  is  here 
secondary.    He  calls  it  Dytpeptie  phthitit. 

PHTHT8I9    PULMOZIALIS    POUULEZVTA    EXVLOBJ- 

rata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  scro- 
fulosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  tu- 
berculosa, Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa -uleerata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Pulmonalis  vera,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.  Pupil- 
1®,  Synezisis — p.  Papillaris,  Myosis — p.  Scrophu- 
losa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Sicca,  Tabes  dor- 
Balis  —  p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Uterina,  Metrophthisis  —  p.  Vesical!*,  Cystoph- 
thisis. 


PHTHISTJRIA,  Diabetes. 

PETEISURIE,  Diabetes— p.  SucrSe,  Dlabeft* 
mellitus.     . 

PHTHOE,  Phthisis. 

PHTHOIS,  Pastil,  Trochiscus. 

PHTHOISCOS,  Pastil,  Trochiscus. 

PHTHONGODYSPHORIA,  Hyperacusis. 

PHTHORA,  Abortion,  Corruption,  Plague. 

PHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHOROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHUCAGROSTIS  MINOR,  Pila  marina. 

PHUSCA,  Oxycrate. 

PHYGANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

PHYGETH'LON,  Pan**,  Phypella,  from  fo», 
'I  grow.'  Inflammation  of  the  superficial  lym- 
phatic glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 

PHYLACTERION,  A  mule  turn. 

PHYLACTE'RIUM,  from  <t>v\atm>,  «I  pre- 
serve.'  A  Phylac'tery,  An  amulet : — a  prophy- 
lactic. 

PHYLAXIS,  Conservation. 

PHYLLAN'THUS  URINA'RIA,  Binkohvm- 
ba.  A  plant  employed  in  Ceylon,  in  decoction, 
as  a  diuretic. 

PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium  soolopendrium  —  p. 
Muraria,  Asplenium  mta  muraria  —  p.  Rotundl- 
folia,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

PHYMA,  Phimay  from  fvoftai,  'I  spring  up.* 
With  the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with  great 
latitude :  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phlegmon, 
for  tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  perfectly  sup- 
purative. In  the  nosology  of  Sauvages,  Phymata 
is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which  he  refers  erysi- 
pelas, oedema,  phlegmon,  emphysema,  scirrhus, 
Ac.  In  that  of  Dr.  Good  it  is  a  genus,  including 
hordeolum,  furon cuius,  sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

Phtva  Anthrax,  Anthrax  —  p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus,  Terminthus  —  p.  Sycosis,  Sycosis. 

PHYMATO'SES,  from  e>a,  'a  hard  tumour. 
Tuberculous  diseases.  —  Fuchs. 

PHYMATOSIS,  Excrescence—p.  Cerebri,  En- 
cephalophymata  —  p.  Elephantiasis,  Elephantia- 
sis—  p.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 

PHYMOSIS,  Phimosis. 

PHYPELLA,  Phygethlon. 

PHYSA,  Crepitation. 

PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives. 

PHY'SALIS,  P.  Alkeken'gi  seu  Kalicac'abum, 
Sola'num  vesica'rium,  Alchachen'gS,  Alkeken'gi, 
Halicac'abum,  Winter  Cherry,  (P.)  Alkekenge, 
Coqueret.  Family,  Solanere.  Sex,  Syet.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  are  recom- 
mended as  a  diuretic,  from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in 
dropsical  and  calculous  cases. 

Physalis  Alkekbhgi,  Physalis — p.  Halicaca- 
bum,  Physalis — p.  Stramonium,  Anisodus  luridus. 
PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus  — 
p.  Nivalis,  Lichen  caninus. 

PHYSCO'NIA,  from  jvckt,,  'a  bladder.'  Fen- 
troe'itat,  Ecphy'ma  phyeco'nia,  Hypoear'ca,  Ent~ 
phrac'tica,  Viaco'nia,  H y per mr chid' io*,  Potbelly, 
Pendulous  abdo'men,  Swagbelly.  A  generic  term, 
under  which  Sauvages  has  comprised  every  large 
tumour  developed  in  the  abdomen,  that  is  neither 
fluctuating  nor  sonorous.  Linnssus  calls  it  Hy- 
posarca. 

Physco'kia  Adipo'ba,  Obetfita*  seu  Poly  tar1  - 
eta  vtYeerum.  Accumulation  of  fat  in  the  intes- 
tines. 

Phtbcobtta  Bilioba,  Turgescentia  vesicals* 
fellow. 

Prtscokia  Ewr-HTSEifAT'icA.  Accumulation 
of  air  in  the  areolar  tissue,  or  between  the  coats 
of  particular  viscera. 

Phtrconia  Ltbkis,  Splenoneus  —  p.  Mesente- 
rica,  Tabes  mesenterica — p.    Splenica,    Ague 
cake. 
Phtscokia  Struho'aa,  Ser<f*la  abdominafkt 


PHTSCONIE 


070 


PIA 


imter'na.  Tumid  abdomen  from  scrophulous  en- 
largement of  the  glands. 

PHYSCONIE  MESENTERIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenteric*. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physesis. 

PHYSE'SIS,  Phyne'ma,  from  ^wra»,  { I  inflate.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour.     Tympanites. 

PHYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta- 

eeum. 
PHYSIATRICE,  Vis  medicatrix  naturce. 
PHYSIAUTOCRATIA,  Vis    medicatrix   na- 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Medicina  — p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata— p.  Root, 
Leptandria  purpurea. 
PHYSICAL,  Medical. 

PHY  SIC"  I  AN,  Med'icus,  latroa,  Acee'tor, 
Acee'ter,  Altke.ua;  from  <pvois,  'nature.  (F.)  J/e- 
deein.  One  who  has  received  his  degree  from  an 
incorporated  Institution,  as  Doctor  of  Medicine. 
The  French  formerly  used  the  word  phyaicien  in 
the  same  sense.  It  is  now  appropriated  to  the 
natural  philosopher. 

Physician,  Family.  One  regarded  as  the 
regular  attendant  on  a  family. 

Physician,  Learned,  Iatrosophista— p.  Prac- 
tical, Iatrotechna — p.  Priest*  see  Asclepiadsa. 
PHYSICIEN,  Physician. 
PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL,  latrophye'ice.    Phy- 
sics directly  applied  to  medicine,  —  either  to  the 
explanation  of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preserva- 
tion of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 
PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 

turss.  _     . 

PHYSIOG'NOMY,  Phyeiognom'ia,  Phyexog- 
nom'ica,  Phyaiognom'ici,  Phyaionom'ia,  Phyei- 
ognomon'ia,  Pkyeiognom'oni,  Phyeiognomoa'ynl, 
Phyaiognomoeia,  Anthropoacop' 'to,  Proaopoman- 
ti'a,  Proaopolog"ia,  Semiot'icifa'ciei,  Phyriogno- 
mon'ica,  Phyaiognom'ony,  Metopoe'copy,  Proeopo'- 
aie,  from  $wu,  'nature/  and  yyuiWt  'knowledgo. 
The  art  of  knowing  the  dispositions  of  men  from 
their  external  appearance;  especially  from  the 
features.  Every  inference  of  this  kind  must  ne- 
cessarily be  extremely  fallacious,  and  cannot  be 
reduced  to  rule,  as  was  attempted  by  Lavater  and 
others.  In  infantile  diseases,  numerous  shades 
of  expression  are  evident,  which  experience 
teaches  how  to  appreciate ;  and  which  afford  use- 
ful guides  in  understanding  the  pathology  of  that 
period  of  existence. 

PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA,  see  Pa- 
thogenetic. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy 
—  p.  Doctrine,  Broussaism. 

PHYSIOLOGICE,  Physiology. 

PHYSIOL'OGY,  Phyaiolog"ia,  Biol'ogy,Bionf- 
omy,  Biot'ice,  Biophanomenolog"ia,  Phyriolog"- 
tee,  (Econom'ia  anima'lie,  Anatom'ia  viva,  Anat'- 
oml  anima'ta,  Anthropolog"ia,  Microcoemograf- 
pkia,  Microcoa'mica  ecien'tia,  Cognif'io  phyaio- 
log"ica,  Part  natura'lia  medici'na,  Philoeoph'ia 
cor' port 9  vivi;  from  0»«s,  'nature/  and  \oyot,  *  a 
description.'  Formerly,  Physiology  meant  the 
game  as  Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification, 
now  does.  At  the  present  day,  it  includes  the 
science  which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
or  vegetables ;  an  acquaintance  with  the  pheno- 
mena the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  It  is 
the  aeience  of  life.  It  is  divided  in  to  animat—ZoH- 
phyaiologia,  and  vegetable  —  Phytaphveiolog"iai 
according  as  it  considers  the  life  of  animals  or  of 
vegetables  singly.  Comparative  physiology  com- 
prises both.  Physiology  is,  also,  general  or  special, 
according  as  it  treats  of  life  in  the  abstract  or  in 
■ome  particular  species.  To  the  latter  belongs  the 
Physiology  of  J/cmk—  called  also,  Hygienic  Pkg- 


aiology  to  distinguish  it  from  Pathological  FAjsi- 
ology  or  Pathology. 
Physiology,  Pathogenetic,  see  Pathogenetic. 
PHYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 
PHYSIONOMIE  liQAREE,  see  Wild. 
PHYSIS,  Natura,  Sex. 

PHYSOCE'LE,  Pneumatocele,  Hernia  vemtef- 
ea ;  Oscheocele  ftatulen'to,  Emphyee'ma  Scroti, 
from  0»ro»,  '  I  insufflate/  and  07X11,  '  a  tumour/ 
An  emphysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum ;  pro- 
bably a  case  of  intestinal  hernia,  containing  much 
flatus.  -  .   „ 

PHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  fvait,  *  I  inflate/ 
and  Ks$a\i,  '  the  head/  Pkyeoceph'alu*.  Emphy- 
sematous tumefaction  of  the  head. 
PHYSOCCELIA,  Tympanites. 
PHYSO'DES ;  from  fvcam, '  I  inflate/  and  **•*, 
resemblance/    Full  of  air;  apparently  full  of 
air  —  applied  to  tumours,  Ac. 

PHYSOME'TRA,   Emphyee'ma  ITteri,    Hye- 
tcroph'yai,    Hyateropaoph'ia,    Hyaterempkywe*ma, 
Hyetremphyae'ma,  Metremphyee'ma,  jEdiropeopk'- 
ia    uteri' na,    Emphyee'ma    vteri'num,    htjla'tim 
Uteri,  Tym'pany  of  the  Womb,  IPterine  tympani- 
tes, from  *wa«,  '  I  inflate/  and  nvrpa,  *  the  womb. 
A  light,  tense,  circumscribed  protuberance  in  the 
hypogastrium,   obscurely  sonorous,    with    wind 
occasionally  discharged  through  the  os  uteri. 
PHYSON,  Flatulence. 
PHYSONCUS,  Emphysema. 
PHYSOPSOPH'IA ;    from  fvew*,  'I  inflate/ 
and  xpo^os,  '  a  noise/    A  discharge  of  air  with 
noise. 
PHYSOSPASMTJS,  Coliea  flatulent*. 
PHYSOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 
PHYTIVOROUS,  Phytophagous. 
PHYTOALOPECIA.  Porrigo  decalrans. 
PHYTO-CnYMISTRY,  see  Cbymiatry. 
PHYTOLACCA  DECAN'DRA,    P.  mtlgaria. 
Poke  Weed,  American  Night  Shade,  Cancer  ret*. 
Poke,   Skoke,  Jncato  Caleloe,(?)  Jalap,   Pigpen 
Berries,  Jalap  cancer  root,  Sola'nnm  raeemo'nm 
America'num,  S.  magnum  Virginia'num  rubmm, 
Blitum  America'num,  Garget,  (F.)  Haiain  d'Amt- 
rique,   Phytolaque  a  dix  (taminee,   Morttte  « 
grappea,  Slechoacan  du  Canada.     Family,  Cb*- 
nopodeas.    Sex.  Syet  Decandria  Decagynia.   Tu 
leaves,  berries,  an^joots  are  employed.     TW 
young  stems,  whesflbiled,  are  sometimes  eaten 
at  table ;  but  whenrod,  they  must  be  cautious!? 
used,  as  the  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.    It  m 
most  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheen*- 
tism  j  and  is  given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  tk» 
ripe  berries.     It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  erec- 
tions j  tinea  capitis,  itch,  cancerous  ulcers,  £& 
The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  falL 
PHYTOLAQUE  A  DIX  £T AMINES,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 
PHYTOLOGIA  MEDICA,  Botany,  medical 
PHYTOPHAGOUS,  Phytoph'agwe ;    Pajrfrr- 
oroue,  Phytiv'orne ;  from  fvw,  'a  plant,'  sad 
$ayu,  'I  eat.'    Feeding  or  subsisting  on  veri- 
table*. 

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 
PHYTOSPERM'A,   (F.)  Phytompermc ;  fstm 
Qvtov,  '  a  vegetable/  and  *rcw«,  *  sperm.'    Par- 
ticles similar  to  the  sperm  ato 20 ids  of  animals,  eb* 
served  in  vegetables,  and  presumed  to  posses » 
similar  agency  in  reproduction. 
PHYTOTOMY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 
PHYTOZOON,  Zoophyte, 
PIA  MATER,  Pia  seu  mollis  sen  ten'mia  Jfc- 
ter,  Pia  meninx,  Meninx  interior,  Mcrnhut  eke- 
roVdea,  Inner  lam'ina  of  fae  MS*in*yi*e,  (CaJ 
Membra'na  vaeculo'ea  Cerebri,  Membra***  Car*; 
ebri  ten'uia  seu  mollia  sou  pro'prta,  (F.)  J* 
mire,  MeningeUc.    The  pia  mater  is  a  rtrj  d*B- 


MAN 


671 


PILATIO 


eato  membrane,  which  covers  the  brain  imme- 
diately, penetrates  into  its  anfractuosities,  and 
envelops,  also,  the  cerebellum  and  the  spinal  pro- 
longation, Ac  Bichat  does  not  regard  it  as  a 
membrane,  properly  so  called,  but  as  a  net-work 
of  blood-vessels,  united  by  a  lax  areolar  tissue. 
The  Pia  Mater  exterior  is  the  portion  of  mem- 
brano  which  covers  the  exterior  of  the  eneepha- 
lon,  and  faces  the  arachnoid  externally.  The 
Pia-  Mater  interior  is  that  which  lines  the  cere- 
bral fossae,  into  which  it  penetrates  by  a  cleft 
situate  betwoen  the  posterior  part  of  the  corpus 
callosum  and  the  fornix ;  and  by  two  other  fis- 
sures, situate  between  the  corpora  fimbriate  and 
thalami  nervorum  opticorum.  The  pia  mater 
contains  a  great  number  of  granulations  similar 
to  the  Glandula  Pacchioni. 

Pia  Mater  Testis,  Tunica  vasculosa— p.  Me- 
ninx,  P.  Mater. 
PIAN,  Framboesia. 
PIANS,  MOTHER  OF,  Mama-pian. 
PIAR,  Fat. 

PIARHiE'MIAj  from  map,  'fat,'  and  'atjta, 
*  blood.'    Fat  in  the  blood.  —  Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Afrioanorum,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 
PICAC,  Euphorbia  corollata. 
PICACISM'US,   Pica'tio,  from  pix,   'pitch.' 
Depilation  by  means  of  a  pitch  plaster.    Also, 
Malacia. 
PICATIO,  Malacia,  Picaclsmna. 
PICEA,  Pinua  abies. 
PICERION,  Butter. 

PICHU'RIM  BEANS.  The  seed  of  a  tree, 
supposed  to  be  Pertea  pichurim,  Oeo'tea  pichn'- 
ritn,  which  grows  in  Brazil,  Guiana,  Venezuela, 
and  other  parts  of  South  America.  They  arc  of 
an  elliptical  shape ;  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on 
the  other ;  of  an  aromatic  odour  between  that  of 
nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a  spicy,  pungent 
taste.  The  medical  properties  are  the  same  as 
those  of  other  aromatics.  For  the  bark,  see  Pe- 
ohurim  cortex. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia. 

P  J  COTE,  Variola. 
PICOTEMENT,  Pricking. 
PICILENA  EXCELSA,  Quassia, 
PICRIA,  Bitterness,      a. 
PICRIUM  SPICATUM;  Coutoubea  alba. 
PICROCHOLOS,  Bilious. 
PFCROMEL,  Bilin;  from  mtpos,  'bitter,'  and 
pn\i,  *  honey.'    A  name  given  by  Thenard  to  a 
colourless,  soft  substance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter,  sac- 
charine taste,  nauseous  smell,  and  very  soluble  in 
water. 

It  forms  part  of  the  bile,  and  is  classed  amongst 
the  animal  immediate  principles. 

PICROPE'GiE,  from  yirpoj,  'bitter,'  and  rnyn, 
'a  spring.'    Mineral  waters ;  bitter  from  the  pre- 
sence of  chloride  of  magnesium. 
PICROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in, 
from  *t«f>off  'bitter,'  and  ro^tvev,  'poison/  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Boullay  in  the 
Meniepernum  Coccidu*.  It  orystallizes  in  quad- 
rangular, white,  brilliant,  semitransparent  prisms; 
which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  alcohol,  and  in  fifteen  of  boiling  water. 

The  CoccuIub  Indicus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 
PIE  M$RE,  Pia  mater. 
PIE-MERITE,  Inflamma'tio  pirn  matri:  A 
miserably  compounded  term,  employed  by  M.  Gri- 
solle,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia  mater: — 
from  (F.)  pie  mire, '  the  pia  mater,'  and  ite,  itie; 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation. 


PIECE,  Hepatitis. 

PIECES  &ANATOMIE  ARTIFICIELLES, 
see  Artificial. 

PIED,  Pes  — p.  <f Alexandre,  A  nth  em  is  pyre- 
thrum — p.  d'Alouette  dee  champ*,  Delphinium 
consolida— p.  Bot,  see  Kyllosis— p.  de  Chat,  An- 
tennaria  dioica — p.  de  Cheval  marin,  Cornu  am- 
monis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Hellebores 
foatidus — p.  de  Lion,  Alchemilla — p.  de  Lit,  Ori- 
ganum—p.  <FOur§,  Acanthus  mollis — p.  Plat,  see 
Kyllosis — p.  de  Veau,  Arum  maculatum — p.  de 
Veau  Triphylle,  Arum  triphyllum. 

PIEIRON,  Fat. 

PIERRE,  Calculus—/).  cTAigle,  Elites—  p. 
d'Azur,  Lapis  lazuli — p.  Calami  naire,  Calamine 
— p.  &  Cautlre,  Potassa  cum  calce — p.  In  fern  alt, 
Argenti  nitras — p.  Judaique,  Judasus  (lapis)  — 

£au  Lait,  Morochthus  — p.  MSdicantenteute, 
edicamentosus  lapis — p.  NfphrStique,  Nephro- 
tics lapis  — p.  Ponce,  Pumex. 

PIERRES  CRAYEUSES,  Calculi,  arthritie 
— p.  au  Fiel,  Calculi,  biliary  —  p.  Stercoral**, 
Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines— p.  Uri- 
nairee,  Calculi,  urinary. 

PIESTER,  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  ?»£<#,  'I  press.'  An  instru- 
ment recommended  by  Hippocrates  for  breaking 
the  bones  of  the  foetal  head  when  too  large  to  be 
extracted  otherwise. 

PIG  AM  ON  JAUNATRE,  Thalictron. 

PIGEON  BERRIES,  Phytolacca  decandra— 
p.  Breasted,  see  Lordosis  —  p.  Tree,  Aralia  spi- 
nosa. 

PIGMENT  CELLS,  see  Cell,  pigment 

PIGMEN'TAL,  from  piymcntnm,  'paint' 
Having  relation  to  pigment  or  colouring  matter. 

Pigmental  Appara'tus,  (F.)  Appareil  pig- 
mental. The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colora- 
tion of  the  skin  of  (he  coloured  varieties  of  man. 
—  Flourens. 

PIGMENTARIUS,  Apothecary,  Unguentariua. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroid  —  p.  Uracu,  Terra  Or- 
leana. 

PIGMY,  Pygmy. 

PIGNEROLE,  Ccntaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNON  DE  BARBARIE,  Jatropha  curoas 
— p.  d'lvde,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnut,  Groundnut.  The  bulbous 
root  of  Bu'nium  Bulbocae'tanum.  Called  pignuts, 
from  the  fondness  of  the  pig  for  them.  They 
have  been  considered  to  possess  a  styptic  quality; 
and  are  deemed  serviceable  in  atonio  affections 
of  the  kidney.  —  Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suillus. 

PILA,  Sphasra,  Ball.  A  gymnastic  exercise, 
much  used  by  the  ancients  as  well  as  moderns. — 
Galen.     Also,  a  mortar  and  a  pestle — Ac'one. 

Pila,  Mortar,  Pillar  —  p.  Damarum,  JSgagro- 
pila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  JBgagropila. 

Pila  Mari'na,  SpJusra  Marina,  Sphara  TTia- 
lae'ria,  Halcyo'nium  rotun'dum,  (F.)  Pelote  de 
Mer.  Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong 
masses — inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes, 
hairs,  and  the  dtbrie  of  shells  are  met  with.  These 
are  found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have  been  re- 
garded by  Spielmann  as  consisting  chiefly  of  the 
roots  of  the  Zoe'tera  Mari'na  seu  MariVima,  Alga 
Mari'na,  Phueagroe'tu  minor.  Iodine  is  detected 
in  the  ashes,  which  accounts  for  their  success  in 
goitre.  They  have,  also,  been  given  as  a  vermifuge. 

PILARE  MALUM,  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  pilue,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  which  the  fissure  is  narrow,  and 
haa  the  appearance  of  a  hair— a  cap' Mary  flintr*, 
(F.)  Fente  capillaire. 


PILB 


en 


FXLULA 


FILE,  Hair. 

PILEA  PUMI'LA,  Richweed,  Clearweed,  Cool- 
%oeed;  indigenous;  Order,  Urtioaceas;  flowering 
from  July  to  September;  has  been  used  as  a 
wash  in  poisoning  by  Rhus.  It  has  a  strong, 
grateful  smell. 

PILEOLUM,  Calotte. 

PILEOLUS,  Caul,  Pileus. 

PI'LEOUS,  Pilo'eui,  Pilote,  Pilaw,  (F.)Ptku*. 
That  which  relates  to  the  hair.    Hairy. 

Pileous  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  human  body. 

PILES,  BLIND,  Caeoes  hsemorrholdes,  see 
Hmmorrhois. 

PILEUS,  'a  hat,  cap,  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
PiU'olus.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  various  materials,  and  used  by  females 
for  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's  suck- 
ing, when  the  part  is  painful.'    Also,  a  caul. 

Pileus,  Cucupha  —  p.  Hippooratious,  Bonnet 
a" Hippocrate. 

PILEUX,  Pileous. 

PILEWORT,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

PILI  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus  — p.  Cutis,  La- 
nugo— p.  Palpebrarum,  Cilia  —  p.  Pudendorum, 
Pubes. 

PILIER,  Pillar. 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL,  Pilula— p.  Abernethy's,  see  Pilulae  hy- 
drargyri— p.  of  Aloes  and  Camboge,  Pilulas  aloes 
et  cambogias  —  p.  of  Aloes  and  cinchona,  Pilulae 
aloes  et  kings'  kines —  p.  of  Aloes  and  colooynth, 
Pilulae  aloes  et  colooynthidis  —  p.  of  Aloes  and 
fetid  gums,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  foetid  is — p.  of  Aloes 
and  ginger,  Pilules  aloes  et  singiberis  —  p.  Aloes 
and  myrrh,  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhes — p.  Aloetic, 
Pilules  aloetices  —  p.  Aloetic  and  assafaetida,  Pi- 
lulae aloes  et  assafcetidss — p.  Aloetic,  compound, 
Pilulas  aloes  composites  —  p.  of  Ammoniuret  of 
copper,  Pilulas  ammoniureti  cupri — p.  Analeptic, 
James's,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Anderson's,  see  Pi- 
lulae aloes  et  jalapee — p.  Anodyne,  Pilulae  opiates 
— p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,  Pilules  antibilioses — 
p.  Antibilious,  Dixon's,  Pilules  antibilioses —  p. 
Asiatic,  Pilules  Asiatica — p.  Assafetida,  Pilules 
AssafoetidaB — p.  Bacher's,  Pilules  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha — p.  Barbarossa's,  Barbarossas  pilules — p. 
Barthez,  see  Pilules  aloes  et  myrrhes. 

Pill,  Blair's.  An  empirical  preparation  of 
colchicum,  much  used  in  England  in  cases  of  gout 

Pill,  Blaud's.  These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Blaud  as  antichlorotio,  are  formed  as  follows :  — 
Take  of  gum  tragacanth,  in  powder,  six  grains ; 
water,  one  drachm.  Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
and  if  it  bo  desired  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
peroxido  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pill  similar  to 
those  of  Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  powdered 
sugar  for  the  mucilage.  Add  afterwards  of  sul- 
phate of  iron,  in  powder,  half  an  ounce.  Beat 
well  until  the  mixture  is  homogeneous,  and  add 
tubcarbonate  of  potaee,  half  an  ounce.  Beat  un- 
til the  mass  becomes  of  a  deep-green  colour,  and 
of  a  soft  consistence.  Divide  into  48  ( ? )  pills. 
Dose,  one  a  day;  gradually  increasing  to  two, 
and  afterwards  to  three. 

Pill,  Blue,  Pilules  hydrargyri — p.  Brandreth's, 
Pilules  aloes  et  cambogies  — [p.  Calomel,  Pilules 
hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  — p.  Camboge,  Pilules 
cambogias  compos. — p.  Camboge,  compound,  Pi- 
lules cambogies  composites  —  p.  of  Carbonate  of 
iron,  Pilulas  ferri  carbonatis — p.  Cathartic,  com- 
pound, Pilules  cathartics  composites  —  p.  Com- 
mon, Pilules  aloes  et  myrrhes  —  p.  Dinner,  see 
Pilulae  aloeu  et  kinas  kines. 

Pill,  Dinner,  of  Mr.  Mayo.  This  is  composed 
of  P.  Rhej,  gr.  iv ;  Soda  Curb.  gr.  j. 


Pill,  Everlasting.  A  pill  once  in  rogue, 
and  said  to  be  composed  of  metallic  antimony. 
It  was  believed  to  have  the  property  of  purging 
as  often  as  it  was  swallowed.  A  lady  having 
swallowed  one  of  these  pills,  became  seriously 
alarmed  at  its  not  passing.  "  Madam/*  said  her 
physician,  "fear  not;  it  has  already  passed 
through  a  hundred  patients  without  any  diffi- 
culty."— Paris. 

Pill,  Female,  Pilules  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p. 
Ferruginous,  of  Vallet,  see  Ferri  protocarbona* 
— p.  FothergiU's,  see  Pilules  aloes  et  colocynthidis 
—  p.  Frank's  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  kinas  kinas — p. 
Fuller's,  see  Pilules  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Gal- 
banum,  compound,  Pilules  galbani  composite  — 
p.  Grimtt's,  see  Pilules  rhej  compoaitae— p.  Gum, 
PilulaB  galbani  composites  —  p.  of  Hellebore  and 
myrrh,  Pilules  ex  helleboro  et  myrrhs* — p.  Hoop- 
er's, see  Pilules  aloes  et  myrrhes — p.  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Pilules  ferri  iodidi — p.  James's  Aanaleptie, 
see  Analeptica  —  p.  Keysets,  see  Hydrargyria 
acetatus  —  p.  Lady  Crespigny's,  Pilulae  aloe*  et 
kinas  kines — p.  Lady  Hesketh's,  see  Pilulae  aloes 
et  kines  kinas  — p.  Lady  Webster's,  Pilulae  aloes 
et  kinas  kines. 

Pill,  Larttgues',  PU'uUb  CoVckiei  et  Digi- 
ta'lU.  {Ext.  Coloc.  c.  33s;  Ext.  Sem,  CWdWc 
alcoholic,  Extract.  Digital.  alcohoL  a2.gr.isa;  L 
massa  in  pilul.  x  dividend.)  Dose,  two,  three,  er 
more,  in  the  24  hours,  in  gout 

Pill  Machine,  Pilulier — p.  Matthews'*,  sea 
Pilules  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Mercurial, 
Pilulae  hydrargyri  —  p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilules  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  —  p.  Mof- 
fat's, Pilules  aloes  et  cambogias  —  p.  Morrison's, 
Pilulas  aloes  et  cambogias,  see  Pilulae  oambogUt 
composites — p.  Moseley's,  Pilules  rhej  compact* 
— p.  Night,  common,  Pilules  opiates — p.  Opiate, 
Pilules  opiates  —  p.  Peter's,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et 
cambogias — p.  Plummer's,  Pilulas  hydrargyri  sub- 
muriatls  composites  —  p.  of  Sulphate  of  Qainia, 
Pilulas  quinies  sulphatis — p.  Red,  Pilulas  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  composites— p.  Red,  Boerhaave's, 
see  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — p.  of  Rha- 
barb,  Pilulas  rhej  —  p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound. 
Pilules  rhei  composites — p.  RutWs,  Pilulae  akei 
et  myrrhes  —  p.  Rush's,  see  Pilulas  aloes  et  cam- 
bogies  —  p.  Scotch,  Pilules  de  aloe  et  foetidis — a, 
of  Soap  and  opium,  Pilulas  saponis  cum  opio— *> 
Speediman's,  see  PilulaB  aloes  et  myrrhes — p. 
Squill,  compound,  Pilulas  scillas  compoaitae — a. 
Starkey's,  see  Pilulas  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha — 
p.  Storax,  Pilules  e  etyrace — p.  of  Strychnia,  Pi- 
lules strychniss  —  p.  of  Submuriate  of  mercury, 
compound,  Pilulas  hydrargyri  subihuriatis  compo- 
sites— p.  Tan  j  ore,  Pilulas  Asiatics  —  p.  Turpen- 
tine, Pilulae  de  terebinthinfc — p.  Vallet's,  see  Ferri 
protocarbonas,  and  Pilulas  ferri  carbonatis  —  p. 
Webster'a,  Pilules  aloes  et  kinas  kinas — p.  W byte's, 
see  Pilulas  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 

PILLAR,  Pi' la,  Colum'na,  Columefht,  (F.) 
Pilier.  A  name  given  to  several  parts ;  as  tfet 
pillar*  of  the  velum  palaU,  diaphragm,  &c 

PILON,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  Hieradnm  pilosella — p.  Alps*. 
Hieracium  pilosella. 

PILOSUS,  Pileous. 

PILOUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'  UL A,  plural  Pilu'U*.  Diminutive  of  pfe, 
1  a  ball.'  Spharid'ion,  Catnpo'tion,  Catop'ohm, 
Spha'rion,  Gongyl'ion,  Gon'gyli*,  Oong^tfd'ivm. 
A  pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  compound  Me- 
dicine, weighing  from  one  to  five  grains,  of  a  im 
consistence  and  spherical  form ;  intended  to  fee 
swallowed  at  once,  without  chewing.  The  P& 
differs  from  the  Bolue,  the  latter  being  softer  and 
larger. 

Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  ef  fO» 


PILULE 


673 


PILULE 


on  account  of  their  disagreeable  taste  and  odour. 
Pilula,  also,  means  a  Pilular  mass. 

PILULE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  composite— p. 
de  Aloe  et  cambogia,  P.  aloes  et  cambogia). 

Pilule  AloEs,  P.  Aloet'ioa,  Pilula  ex  Aloe"  et 
Sapo'ni,  Aloetie  Pill,  (F.)  Pilule*  tf aloes  on  alo- 
itiques.  (Aloes  in  pulv. ;  saponis,  sing.  2£j  >  *yr. 
q.  8.  to  form  240  pills.—  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  zx,  in  habitual  costiveness. 

Pilulje  Aloes  et  Assafce'ttda,  Aloetie  and 
Assafoetida  PilU.  (Aloee,  aseafostida,  saponis, 
sing.  3ssj  aqua,  q.  s.  to  form  180  pills.—  Ph.  U. 
S.)    Purgative  and  stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

Pilula  Aloes  et  Cavbo'gia,  P.  de  Aloe  el 
Cambo'gid,  P.  Hydrargo'ga  Bon'tii,  Pill  of  Aloee 
and  Camboge.  (Aloee,  cambog.,  gum.  ammoniat., 
2a  p.  se.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vine- 
gar ;  pass  through  a  cloth ;  express  the  residuum 
strongly ;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a  water- 
bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence. — Ph.  P.)  Purga- 
tive ;  used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xrj  to  xxx. 

Peter' t  PilU — a  nostrum — are  formed  of  aloee, 
jalap,  ecammony,  and  camboge,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

The  basis  of  Morrison's  Pille,  often  called  Hy- 
giene Pille,  of  Brandreth's  PilU,  and  Moffat's 
PilU,  is  said  to  be  aloes,  with  camboge,  scam- 
mony,  Ac. 

Rush's  PilU  were  formed  of  calomel,  aloee,  and 
camboge,  with  oil  of  mint. 

Piluljs  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidis,  P.  ex  Co- 
locynth'idi  cum  alot,  P.  Aloee  cum  Colocynthide, 
P.  coc'cina,  P.  cocchii,  P.  colocyn'thidie  compos1 - 
ita,  P.  coccia  mino'ren,  Pill  of  Aloee  and  Colo- 
cynth.  (Pulp,  coloc.  ^ss;  aloee  hepat.,  ecammon, 
&*  Jj  J  eapon.  gij  ;  ol.  caryoph.  3J;  syrup,  q.  s.— 
Ph.  D.)     Cathartic.    Dose,  gr.  v  to  x  or  more. 

Foth'ergilVs  PilU  consist  of  aloee,  ecammony, 
colocynth,  and  oxide  of  antimony. 

Pilula  Aloes  Covpos'ita,  Pilula  ex  Aloe", 
Compound  Aloetie  PilU.  (Aloee  epic,  extract  cont. 
gjj  ext.  aentiana,  2jss;  olei  carni,  gtt  xl;  syr. 
q.  s.  —  Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
Family  pills,  Antibilious  pills,  Ac. 

Pilula  de  Aloe  et  F<e'tidis,  P.  Benedict  tee 
FulUri,  Pill  of  aloee  and  fetid  gume,  Pilula  ec- 
phrac'tica,  Female  pilU,  Pilula  aloee  martia'les, 
(P.)  PiluUe  Unites  de  Fuller.  (Aloee  eocotr.,  sen- 
na, aesafostida,  galbani,  aft  gij;  myrrh,  Ziv; 
croci,  mad*,  aa  3J  ;  ferri  eulphat.  !Jiss.  Reduce 
to  powder  separately,  and  add  oL  succin.  gtt  vigj 
eyr.  artemieia,  q.  8. — Ph.  P.)  Purgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Whytfs  PilU,  given  in  similar  cases,  consisted 
of  chloride  of  iron,  aloes,  extract  of  horehound, 
and  aesafcetida. 

Pilula  Aloes  et  Jalap' a,  commonly  called 
Anderson's  pilU,  Anderson's  Scots'  pilU,  Scotch 
pills.  (Aloee  Barbad.  lb j ;  rad.  helleb.  nigr., 
rad.  jalapa,  potassa  enbearb.  aa  J) ;  oh  anisi, 
gir;  syrup,  eimpl.  q.  s.  —  Gray.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following :  Aloes  Bar- 
badene.  Jxxiv;  saponis,  J$\X)  colocynthid.  Jj; 
cambogia,  3j ;  ol.  anis.  f Jss. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Kin  a  Kin  a,  P.  stomach' ica 
P.  ante  cibum,  Pill  of  aloes  and  cinchona,  (F.) 
PiluUe  gourmandee.  (Aloes  socotr.  !£vj  ;  ext.  cin- 
chon.  Xiij;  cinnam.  33 ;  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)  Stomachic  and  laxative.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xx. 

Lady  Crespigny's  pills,  Lady  Webster's  pilU, 
Lady  Hesketh'e  pilU,  and  the  Pilula  stomach' ica 
MesueS  (Ph.  L.  1635),  resemble  these. 

Franks  pilU,  much  employed,  also,  as  '  dinner 
pW*tf  or,  —  to  use  the  language  of  the  eccentric 
Kitchener  —  as  ' peptic  persuaders,'  are  said  to 


be  much  used,  under  the  name  Orainet  de  santi, 
in  various  parts  of  Europe  They  consist  of 
aloes,  jalap,  and  rhubarb,  with  eyrup  of  worm- 
wood as  an  excipient. 

Pilula  Aloes  Hartiales,  P.  de  aloe  et  foe- 
tidis. 

Pilula  Aloes  et  Myrrha,  P.  aloes  cum  myr- 
rhd,  P.  de  alo9  et  myrrhd,  Rufue'e  or  Ruffus's 
pills,  Common  pills,  Pilula  Rufi  sen  Ruffi,,  P. 
commu'nee,  Pills  of  aloee  and  myrrh.  (Aloes,  ^UJ 
croci,  in  pulv.  ^ssj  myrrh,  5j ;  syr.  q.  s.  to  form 
480  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic  and  emmena- 
gogue.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Hooper*e  pills— possessed  of  similar  properties 
— according  to  one  of  Gray's  formulas,  are  made 
as  follows;  Ferri  sulph.,  aqua,  fiajjviij.  Dis- 
solve. Add  aloee  Barbad.  fibij  and  Jviij ;  caneU 
la  alba,  3VJ  '  IP**1  myrrh,  Jij  ;  opopanacis,  Jiv. 
The  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  :  Aloes 
Barbadensis,  3v"j  »  ferri  sulphatis  exsiccat.  5ij, 
giss,  vel  ferri  sulph,  crystall.  %\v ;  ext.  helleb. 
nigr.  Jij;  myrrh,  3'j;  saponis,  gij ;  canella,  in 
pulv.  triUe,  3J ;  xingib.  in  pulv.  trite©,  Jj. 

Spec di man' 8  pills  consist  of  aloes,  myrrh,  rhu- 
barb, extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile;  and  the  PilU  of  Bartheu,  of  aloee, 
myrrh,  musk,  camphor,  and  baUam  of  Peru. 

Pilulje  de  Aloe  et  Sapone,  P.  aloeticss. 

Pilula  Aloes  cum  Zingib'bre,  Pill  of  aloee 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  £j  >  rad.  xingib.  in 
pulv.  3J  >  eapon.  Hispan.  £ss ;  ol.  ees.  mentha  pip, 
gss. —  Ph.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilula  Amuokiure'ti  Cupri,  PilU  of  Ammo- 
niuret  of  copper,  Pilula  cupri,  (F.)  Pilulee  d'am- 
moniure  de  cuivre.  (Ammoniur.  cupri,  in  pulv. 
ten.  trit.  gr.  xvj ;  mica  pants,  Qiv;  aqua  carbo- 
natis  ammonia,  q.  s.  Beat  into  a  mass,  and  di- 
vide into  xxxrj  pills. — Ph.  E.)  Tonic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, m  epilepsy,  Ac.  Dose,  one  pill  twice 
daily ;  gradually  increasing  the  dose. 

Pilula  Ante  Cibux,  P.  aloes  et  kinoo  kinse. 

Pilula  Ahtibilio'sa,  Barclay's  Antibil'ioue 
pilU.  (Extract  de  colocynth,  £ij  ;  reein  of  jalap, 
33 ;  almond  soap,  giss ;  guaiac,  £irj  ;  emetic  tart. 
gr.  viij ;  oiU  of  juniper,  carraxcay,  and  rosemary, 
aa  iv  drops ;  eyrup  of  buckthorn,  q.  s.  to  form  fo 
pills.)1    Dose,  two  or  three. 

DixoWe  AntibiUoue  pills  are  formed  of  aloes, 
scammony,  rhubarb,  and  tartariucd  antimony. 

Pilula  Aitttherpetioa,  Pilulee  hydrargyri 
submuriatis  comp. — p.  AntahyBtericse,  P.  galbani 
composite. 

Pilula  Ahttsorophulo's a,  P.  ex  ox'ido  stib'H 
et  hydrar'gvri  eulphure'to  nigro  compos'ita.  (P. 
scammon.,  hydrarg.  sulphur,  nigr.  aa  §ij;  anti- 
monii  oxidi  albi,  miUeped.,  eapon.  amygdalin.  aft 
Xiij ;  extract,  glycyrrh.  £v.  Make  into  a  mass. — 
Ph.  P.)    Dose  gr.  iv  to  xx. 

Pilula  Antispastica,  P.  galbani  composites 
— p.  Assafoetidse  composite,  P.  galbani  compo- 
Bitce. 

Pilula  Asiat'ica,  Asiat'ic pilU,  TanjorepilU. 
(Acid,  arsenioe.  gr.  Iv;  piper,  nigr.  pulv.  5Jix; 
acacia,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  800.  Each  pill  contains 
about  one-fifteenth  of  a  grain  of  arsenious  acid. 
These  pills  are  employed  in  India  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis  and  elephantiasis. 

Pilula  Assafos'ttda,  Assafetida  pilU.  (As- 
safoetid.  ^iss ;  saponis,  388.  Beat  with  water  so 
as  to  form  a  mass  to  be  divided  into  240  pills.— 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Pilula  Balbah'ica,  P.  Bocto'ris  Morton, 
(MiUeped,  pulverisat.  gxviij;  gum.  amnion.  £xj; 
acid,  benzoic,  gvj ;  croci*,  balsam.  Peruv.  aa  r" 
baUam.  sulph.  anuat.  ^vj.  Mix.— Pb  ?}  " 
expectorant,  and  balsamic. 


PILUL* 


674 


PlLULJB 


Piluljb  Benedict  je  Fullbbi,  P.  de  aloe  et 
ftutidis. 

PlLULJB  CAMBO'GIJE  C0MPO8'lTJE,  P.  de  guttd 
gaman'drd,  P.  hydrago'ga,  Gamboge  pills,  Pilulm 
gummi  gutta  aloet'ica,  Compound  camboge  pills, 
(F.)  Pilule*  de  gomme  gutte  compoeie*.  (Cambo- 
gia  contrite,  aloe*  spicat.  extrat.  contriti.,  pulv. 
einnam.  comp.  sing.  JJj;  *aponi*,  5Jij. —  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Morrison' §  pill*  are  said  hy  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Pil'uljb  Cathar'ticjs  Compos'itjs,  Compound 
cathartic  pill*.  (Ext.  colocynth.  comp.  in  pulv. 
Jss;  ext.jalapa,  in  pulv.,  hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit. 
aa  £iij ;  gambog.  in  pulv.  J)ij.  M.  Form  into  a 
mass  with  water,  and  make  into  180  pills.  •>—  Ph. 
U.  8.)     Three  for  a  dose. 

Piluljs  Cocchii,  P.  aloes  et  ooloeynthidis — p. 
Coccisa  minores,  P.  aloes  et  ooloeynthidis  —  p. 
Coccinae,  P.  aloes  et  ooloeynthidis  —  p.  Colchiei 
et  digitalis,  P.  Lartigues' — p.  Ooloeynthidis  com- 
posite, P.  aloes  et  ooloeynthidis — p.  ex  Colocyn- 
thide  cum  aloe,  P.  aloes  et  colocynth idis  —  p. 
Communes,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  Capri,  P. 
ammoniureti  cuprL 

Piluljs  Copa'ibjs,  Pills  of  copaiba.  (Copaib. 
^ij;  magnesia,  reeente"  praepar.  S0.  Mix,  and 
set  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  pill 
eontains  nearly  five  grains  of  copaiba.  Two  to 
riix  for  a  dose. 

Piluljs  DE  Cyxoolos'so,  P.  de  extraefto  o'pii. 
<Pulv.  rad.  cynoglose.,  aemin.  hyoacyam.  alb.,  ex- 
tract, opii  vino*,  aagiv ;  pulv.  myrrh.  5Jvj  ;  oliban. 
gv ;  croc*'.,  caator.,  aa  SJiss ;  ayrup  opii,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  In  cough,  Ac  Dose,  gr.  iv 
to  gr.  viy. 

Piluljs  Dbpurawtes,  P.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis  compos.  —  p.  Ecphracticae,  P.  de  aloe  et 
fcetidis. 

Pilule  Ferri  Carboka'tib,  Pills  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  Vallet'*  pill*,  Vallate ferru'ginou*  pill*. 
(Ferri  eulph.  £viy  J  8oda  carbonat.  £x ;  Mel. 
deepumat.  311J ;  aacchar.  Jij  ;  aqua  bullientia,  Oij ; 
ayrup.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  each  in  a  pint  of  the  water, 
and  to  each  solution  add  a  fluidounce  of  syrup ; 
then  mix  the  two  solutions  in  a  bottle  jus*  large 
enough  to  contain  them ;  close  it  accurately  with 
a  stopper,  and  set  it  by,  that  the  carbonate  of 
iron  may  subside.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  having 
washed  the  precipitate  with  warm  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup  in  the  proportion  of  f  5j  of  the 
latter  to  Oj  of  the  former,  until  the  washings  no 
longer  have  a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  flannel 
cloth,  and  express  as  much  water  as  possible; 
then  mix  it  with  the  honey  and  sugar.  Lastly, 
heat  the  mixture  in  a  water-bath,  until  it  at- 
tains a  pilular  consistence.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

Piluljs  Ferri  Compos'itjs,  Compound  pills  of 
iron,  Pilula  ferri  cum  myrrhd,  (F.)  Pilule*  de 
fer  compoaiea.  (Myrrh,  in  pulv.  £ij  »*  aoda  aub- 
carb.,  ferri  eulph.  aa  33  J  »yr«P»  <!•  *•  Mix,  to 
form  80  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xx. 

Piluljb  Fkrri  Iod'idi,  PiU*  of  iodide  of  iron. 
(Ferri  aulphat.  3J;  Potass,  iodid.  J)iv;  traga- 
i*nth.  pulv.  gr.  x ;  aacchar.  pulv.  £ss.  Beat  with 
syrup  ink;  %  mass,  to  form  40  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  one  to  three,  where  a  tonic  and  eutrophio 
is  indicated. 

Piluljb  Ferri  cum  MyrrhI,  P.  Ferri  compo- 
site— p.  Fcetidae,  P.  galbani  composites. 

Piluljs  Gal'bani  Compos'itjs,  P.  aatafatida 
eompaf'ita,  P.  fat'tida,  P.  gummosa,  P.  e  gummi, 
Compound  g<*C'banum  pill,  Pilulm  anti*pa*'tica, 
P.  antihyster'tca,   P.  myrrha  compos' ita,  Gum 


pill.  (Galban,,  myrrha,  aa  JJvj  j  assafcetids* 
£ij ;  *yrup.  q.  s.  to  form  240  pills.—  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xx. 

Pilulje  Gummi,  P.  galbani  composite  —  p. 
Gummi  guttea  aloeticae,  P.  cambogisB  composite 
—  p.  Gummosse,  P.  galbani  composite — p.  dt 
Gutta  gamandra,  P.  cambogisa  composite. 

PlLULJB  EX  HeLLEB'ORO  ET  >1yRRHA,   P.  ton*- 

ica,  Backer's  pill*,  Tonic  pill*  of  Backer,  PiU* 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh.  (Ext.  helleb.  nig^ 
myrrh,   aa   3  j ;  foL  cardui    benedict,   in   pulv. 

51  ig.    M. —  Ph.  P.)     Tonic  and  emmenagogue 
n  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  affection* 
Dose,  gr.  iv  to  gr.  viij. 

Mattheica'e  pills,  —  Starkey"e  pill*,  are  formed 
of  rad.  helleb.  nigr.,  rad.  glycyrrh.,  aapon.  CastflL, 
rad.  curcuma,  opii  pur%f,  ayrup.  croei,  ai  £1*; 
ol.  tereb.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  mass*. —  Gray. 

Piluljs  Hydragogjs,  P.  cambogise  compo- 
sites— p.  HydragogsB  Bontii,  Pilules  aloes  et  cam- 
bogies. 

PlLULJB  Hydrar'gyri,  P.  mercuria'le*y  Mer- 
curial pill,  Blue  pill,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Mereure. 
(Hydrarg.  purif.  zj  ;  conf.  roam,  £iss  ;  glycyrrh. 
pulv.  ^ ?s.  Rub  the  quicksilver  with  the  confec- 
tion, until  the  globules  disappear ;  then  add  the 
liquorice  powder,  and  beat  the  whole  into  a  uni- 
form mas?,  to  be  divided  into  4S0  pills. — Ph.  V. 
S.)  Antisyphilitic;  mercurial; — in  large  doses, 
purgative. 

A  purgative  pill,  much  prescribed  by  Mr.  Aber- 
nethyr  and  called  Aberncthy'a  pill,  consisted  of 
pil.  hydrarg.  gr.  x ;  jalap,  pulv.  gr.  xx ;  syrwp 
rhamni,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  vj.  Two  were  given  at 
night,  and  the  next  morning  a  wineglassfa!  of 
infuaum  senna. 

Piluljs  Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  Mms,  PPl* 
of  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  Calomel  pill*.  (Hy- 
drarg. chlorid.  mit.  3fis;  acacia,  in  pulv.  £; 
ayrup.  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pu.  240.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  JEaii 
pill  contains  one  grain. 

Piluljs  de  Hydrargyro,  Scaxmo'sio  it 
Aloe,  vulgo  Mercuria'les,  (F.)  Pilule*  Jfe- 
curiellea  ou  de  Mereure,  ScnmmonSc  et  Alet* 
(Hydrarg.  purif.  gj ;  mellia,  §xj.  Rub  until  tit 
globules  disappear;  then  add  aloem  Soc**-,  *c**- 
mon.  aa  3u  *  made,  cinnam.  aa  31  j.  Make  hi:, 
a  mass.  —  Ph.  P.)  Usee,  same  as  the  Ust.bsi 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  vig  to  xii- 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  PastuLm 
de  Renaudot. 

Piluljs  ex  Hydrargyro  Muriatico  mtti  en 
Sulphurs  Stibiato  Acrantiaco,  Pilulse  hydnr- 
gyri  submuriatis  composites. 

Piluljs  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  Comws- 
ITJE,  Pilula  ex  atib'io  et  hydrar'gyro,  P.  crafkVr- 
pet'ica,  P.  ex  hydrargyro  muriat'ico  miti  cam 
aul'phure  atibia'to  auriantiaco,  P.  resolrtn'tc*  a» 
mercurio,  P.  depurantea,  P.  hydrargyri 
riatie,  Compound  pills  of  aubmuriate  of  m 
Calomel  pills,  Plummer'a  pills,  Bed  pill.  (By- 
drarg.  eubmur.,  antimon.  sulphur,  precipitate  sac. 
5pj ;  guaiac  gum  resin.  contriL  £W ;  spirit  re^. 
£ss.  Beat  together. — Ph.  L.)  MercnrUL  *a£ 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and  alterative.  Iks*, 
gr.  v  to  x. 

Leake'*  pilula  saluta'ria  resembles  these.  & 
is  uBed  in  syphilis. 

Piluljs  Mercurials 9,  P.  hydrargyrv  p-  * 
hydrargyro,  scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Doctoris  Mar- 
ton,  P.  balsamic©  —  p.  Myrrh®  oompocus,  F. 
Galbani  composites, 

.Piluljs  Opia'tjs,  P.  Theba'ica*,  Opiate  s»fe 
Common  night  pill*,  Anodyne  pills,  Xepen'tke*  «f»- 
a'tum,  (F.)  Pilule*  opiacie*.  (Opiu  p.  1 :  *** 
glycyrrh.  p.  7 ;  fruct.  myrt.  piment.  pj  2.  JCx.- 
Ph.  B.)    Five  grains  contain  gr.  as  of 


PILULAR 


6T5 


PIMPINELLA 


Pilule  Opii,  P.  saponis  cum  opio — p.  de  Ex- 
traoto  opii,  P.  de  oynogiosso  —  p.  ex  Oxido  stibii 
et  hydrargyri  sulphureto  nigro  composites,  Pilules 
antiscrophulosae  —  p.  Resolventes  cum  merourio, 
P.  hydrargyri  submuriatis  compos.  — p.  de  Rha- 
barbaro,  Pilulee  rbei  composites. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  tinder  the  name 
of  Moeeley'a  pill*,  consists  merely  of  rhubarb  and 
ginger. 

PlLULJE  Qui'XUB  SuLPHA'TIS,  PW*  of  Ml IphaU 

of  quinia.     (Quin.  tulph.  SJj;  acacia,  in  pulv. 
3ij ;  mel.  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pilulae  480.— Ph.  U.  S.  Each 
pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 
Pilule  Rhej,  Pills  of  rhubarb,    (Rhej,  pulv. 

fvj  ;  taponis,  Jy.  M.  et  fiant  pil.  120.— Ph.  U. 
.)    Each  pill  contains  three  grains  of  rhubarb. 

Piluljs  Rhei  Compos'itje,  P.  de  Rhabar'baro, 
Compound  rhubarb  pill*.  (Rhei,  pulv.  SJj  ;  aloe*, 
pulv.  Jvj ;  myrrh,  pulv.  giv;  oL  menthmpip.  f£ss. 
Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syrup  of  orange-peel,  to 
form  240  pills.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  sto- 
machic.   Dose,  gi\  x  to  xx. 

Qrijjite*  pill*,  so  called  after  Dr.  S.  P.  Griffith, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  prescribed  tbem  as  a  tonic 
aperient,  were  formed  as  follows :  —  Rhej,  pulv. 
£i8s ;  ferri  tulph.  £sb;  saponis,  J)ij  j  aquce,  q.  s. 
ut  fiat  massa  in  pil.  xl  dividends*  Doee,  three  or 
four  at  bedtime. 

Pilule  Rijfi,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhas  —  p.  Salu- 
tarias,  Leake's,  see  Pilules  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
composites*— p.  Saponaceae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio 
—  p.  Saponis  composite,  P.  saponis  cum  opio. 

Piluljc  Safo'nis  cum  O'pio,  P.  *apona'cem, 
Pill*  of  toap  and  opium,  P.  sapo'ni*  composite*, 
(F.)  Pilule*  de  savon  et  a" opium.  (Opii,  §ss; 
tapon.  Jij.  M. — Ph.  V.  S.)  Five  grains  contain 
one  of  opium. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
form  for  the  Pilula  opii,  Opium  pill*,  as  well  as 
for  the  Pilules  aaponi*  composites;  the  only  differ- 
ence between  thorn  being  in  the  proportion  of  the 
ingredients.  The  following  is  the  formula  for 
the  Pilulae  opii : — Opii,  pulv.  33 ;  aaponi*,  gr.  xy. 
Beat  with  water  into  a  mass  to  form  60  pills. 

PlLULJE  B  SciLLA,  P.  SCilUo  COmpOSitSB. 

Piluljs  Scill-e  Compos'iims,  P.  *ciUit'ic<B,  P. 
tcilla  cum  zinzib'ere,  P.  e  scilld,  Compound  tquill 
pilL  (Scilla,  pulv.  3Jj;  xingib.  pulv.,  ammoniac. 
pulv.  aa  £\j ;  tapom*,  7i\j ;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant 
pil.  120.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  JDose,  two  pills.  Expec- 
torant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Piluljs  Scillje  cum  Zingibers,  P.  scillse  com- 
posites— p.  Scillitica,  P.  soillss  oompositie — p.  ex 
Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri  submur.  com- 
pos.— p.  Stoutaohicas,  P.  aloes  et  kinae  kinas. 

Pilule  Strych'nljs,  Pill*  of  Strychnia.  (Very 

Sure  strychnine,  2  gr.;  conserve  of  rote*,  gss. 
lake  into  24  pills.)     One  or  two  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  e  Sty'racE,  Storax  Pilla.  (Styraci* 
pur.giij,  opii  purif.,  melli*,  croci,  sing.  3J*  &&• 
D.)    Six  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 

Pilule  Sublinouales,  Hypoglottides. 

Pilulje  de  Terebin'thina,  Turpentine  Pill*. 
Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  3 .times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water,  it 
forms  a  soft  paste,  which  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet, 
Ac. 

Piluljs  Thebaic^,  P.  opiates— p.  Tonices,  P. 
ex  Helleboro  et  myrrba. 

PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ri*;  from  pilula,  'a  pill.' 
.Relating  to  pills, — as  'a  pilular  mass/  'pilular 
form,'  Ac. 

PIL  ULES,  Pilulae— p.  Agrigative*,  see  Aggre- 
gate— p.  oVAloea  ou  alohique*,  Pilulae  aloeticae — 
p.  oVAmmonxure  de  cuivre,  Pilules  ammoniureti 
cupri—  p.  Binite*  de  Fuller,  Pilula)  de  aloe  et 
foetidis— -p.  de  Fer  compotiet,  Pilulae  ferri  compo- 


sitae— p.  Ferrugineueee  de  VaUet,  see  Ferri  proto- 
carbonas— -p.  Gourmandes,  Pilules  aloes  et  kinae 
kinae— p.  de  Mercure,  Pilules  hydrargyri — p.  de 
Mercure,  Ac,  Pilulee  de  hydrargyro,  et  soammo- 
nio  et  aloe — p.  MercurieUet,  Pilula)  de  hydrar- 
gyro, soammonio  et  aloe — p.  Opiaciea,  Pilulae 
opiatae— p.  de  Savon  et  d' Opium,  Pilulae  saponis 
cum  opio. 

PILULIER  (F.)  Pin  Machine.  An  instru- 
ment invented  by  the  Germans  for  rolling  and 
dividing  pills.  Also,  the  earthen  pot  in  whioh 
pills  are  preserved. 

PILUM,  Pittil'lut,  PietUlum,  Syp'eroa,  Ger*- 
ei«,  (F.)  Pilon.  A  pestle.  A  wooden,  iron,  bell- 
metal,  marble,  agate,  porcelain,  or  glass  instru- 
ment for  beating  or  dividing  substances  in  a 
mortar. 

A  spring  pestle  is  one  attached  above  to  a 
spring,  so  as  to  take  off  the  weight,  and  thus 
lessen  the  labour  of  pounding. 

PILUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 

PIMELE,  Fat. 

PIMELECCHYSIS,  Pimelorrhoea. 

PIMELICUS,  Fatty. 

PIMELI'TIS,  from  *tpt\n,  'fat,'  and  iti*,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  adi* 
pons  tissue. 

PIMELODES,  Fatty. 

PIMELO'MA,  from  rtMt\n,  'fat'  A  fatty 
swelling. 

PIMELORRHCE'  k,Pimclcc'chy*ia,  from  rtjukn, 
'fat,'  and  pcu,  'I  flow.'  A  morbid  discharge  or 
disappearance  of  fat. 

PIMELORTHOPNCE'A,  Piorthopncefa;  from 
irifoA*,  'fat,'  opdof,  'upright,'  and  mtetv,  'to 
breathe.'  Dyspnoea,  practicable  only  in  the  erect 
attitude,  owing  to  fat 

PIMELO'SIS,  Obes'itas  nim'ia,  from  mptXn, 
'  fat'  Conversion  into,  or  formation  of,  fat, — as 
Pimelo'ais  hepatica,  'fatty  degeneration  of  the 
liver.' 

Pimxlosis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica — p. 
Nimia,  see  Polysaroia. 

PIMENT,  Capsicum  annuum— p.  Royal,  My- 
ricagale. 

PIMENT  A,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMENTO  BACCLE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMENTO,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMIACULA,  Labia  pudendL 

PIMPERNEL,  BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
— p.  Red,  Anagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis  arven- 
sis — p.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

PIMPILIM,  Piper  longum. 

PIMPINEL,  see  Pimpinella— p.  Italian,  San- 
guisorba  officinalis. 

PIMPINELLA  ALBA,  P.  saxifraga— p.  An- 
geliceefolia,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum,  Anise  plant,  Anisum, 
A.  offieina'le  sen  vulga'ri,  Si*on  ani'sum,  A'pium 
ani'eum,  Sola' men  inteetino'rum,  Ane'aum,  (F.) 
Ania.  Family,  UmbellifersB.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentan- 
dria  Bigynia.  A  native  of  Egypt  The  seeds, 
Ani'eum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Sem'ina  Ani'ei,  An'iaeed, 
have  an  aromatic  odour ;  and  a  sweetish,  warm, 
grateful  taste.  They  are  carminative,  and  used 
in  dyspepsia  and  in  tormina  of  infants.  Dose, 
gr.  xv  to  3j,  bruised.  The  oil, — Oleum  Ani'bi, 
(F.)  HuiU  cTanis — is  officinal.  Dose,  gtt.  v  to 
xv.  Most  of  the  oil  used  in  this  country  under 
the  name  of  Oil  of  Aniee  is  said  -to  be  obtained 
from  Illicium  Anieatum. 

Pimpinella,  Greater,  P.  magna — p.  Hircina, 
P.  Saxifraga — p.  Lateri folia,  Sion  ammi. 

Pimpinel'la  Magna  seu  nigra  seu  major  sea 
rubra/  Greater  Pimpinel'la;  Tragoaeii'num  mag- 
num seu  main*,  Daucue,  Cyan'opve,  (F.)  Boucdgt 
majeur.    The  root  has  beer  extoUea  as  diwctie 


PIMPLE 


676 


PINUS 


and  resolvent,  as  well  m  in  erysipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  Ac. 

Pimpinella  Major,  P.  magna — p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna — p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga — p.  Officinalis, 
8angui8orba  officinalis — p.  Rubra,  P.  magna. 

Pimpinella  Saxip'baga,  Sax'ifrage,  Burnet 
•ax' if  rage,  Pote'rium  sanguisor'ba,  Sorbastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'num,  T.saxif'raga,  Pimpinel'la  hirei'na 
seu  umbellif'era  seu  alba  seu  nostras,  (P.)  Bou- 
cage  mineur,  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle.  The  root  has 
an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pungent  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  recommended  as  a  stomachic ; 
and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in  paralysis  of  the 
tongue. 

Pim pin  ella  Umbxllifera,  P.  saxifraga. 

PIMPLE,  Papula. 

PIMPLED,  Papulose. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga—  p. 
Noire,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  pennum,  low  Latin;  or 
from  spina  ;  Spina  fer'rea,  Acus  capita' ta,  (F.) 
tpingle.  An  iron  or  brass  instrument,  generally 
of  a  small  size,  pointed  at  one  extremity,  and 
having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is  used,  in  Sur- 
gery, to  fix  rollers  and  dressings;  and  occasion- 
ally in  sutures. 

PIN  1  PIGNON,  see  Pinus  picea. 

PINA8TELLUM,  Peucedanum. 

PINASTER,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PINCi,  Pinched. 

PINCE  LITHODRASSIQUE,  see  Litho- 
drassic. 

PINCEE,  Pugillus. 

PINCERS,  Forceps. 

PINCETTES,  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contractu*,  (F.)  Pincf,  Grippe*. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when  the  features 
are  contracted  or  shrunken ;  as  in  violent  abdo- 
minal affections,  or  during  intense  pain. 

PINCKNE'YA  PUBENS,  P.  Pubescent, 
Georgia  Bark,  Bitter  Bark,  Florida  Bark,  Fever 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
euro  of  intermittents,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.    Dose  of  the  powder,  £j. 

PINDARS,  Arachis  Hypogea. 

PINE  APPLE,  Bromelia  ananas— p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra — p.  Ground,  Lycopodium 
oomplanatum — p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphoros- 
ma  Monspeliaca — p.  Mountain,  see  Pinos  mughos 
— p.  Mugho,  see  Pinus  mughos — p.  Sap,  Ameri- 
can, Hypopitys  lanuginosa — p.  Stone,  Pinus  pi- 
nea — p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root. 

PINEA,  Pinus  pinea. 

PINE'AL,  Pinea' lis,  from  pinut,  'a  pine.' 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Glandula  pinea' lis,  Cerebral 
epiphysis,  Cona'rium,  Conoi'des  corpus,  Penis 
eer'ebri,  Corpus  turbina'tum,  Virga  seu  Turbo 
eer'ebri,  is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape ;  pale 
red  or  grayish  colour;  and  soft  consistence;  situ- 
ate between  the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
gemina.  It  almost  always  contains  sabulous  par- 
ticles, Sab'ulum  cona'rii :  wben  these  are  grouped 
together  over  the  base  of  the  gland,  they  form 
the  Acer'vulus  eer'ebri  of  Simmering,  A.  seu 
LapU'li  glan'dula  pinea' lis.  From  its  anterior 
part  arise  two  medullary  stri»,  which  proceed 
over  the  posterior  commissure ;  coast  along  the 
optic  chaiami,  and  unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of 
tht  fornix, — the  haWna  or  reins  of  the  pineal 
gland. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknown. 
Jiescartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 

PINEI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEUS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  enreas. 

PINGUECULA,  Ptery/ium  pingui  sen  tor- 


da'ceun,  from  pinguis,  'fat/  'fatty/  A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva and  subjacent  areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of  the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
neously, to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUE'DO,  Fat— p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  P.  alpi'na,  8*- 
nic'ula  monta'na,  S.  Eboracen'sis,  Yfota  palms'' 
trie,  Dodecath'eon  Plin'ii,  Butter-wort,  Yorkshire 
San'icle.  Family,  Personnel.  Sex,  Syst.  Dian- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  unctuoeity  of  this  plant 
has  caused  it  to  be  applied  to  chape,  and  as  a  po- 
matum to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the  leaves,  m 
broths,  are  used  by  the  eommon  people  in  Wales 
as  a  cathartic 

PINGUID,  Fatty. 

PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pingnin. 

PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adipose. 

PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pnpil,  pinhole. 

PINHONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  enreaa. 

PINE,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marflandica. 

Pink  DTE.  Stripped  sajfiower,  !Jj,  enbeetrh.  cf 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  wine  ^vij ;  digest  foe- 
two  hours ;  add  distilled  water  Jy  :  digest  for  two 
hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or  Ce««a 
juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour.  Used 
as  a  cosmetic 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginica — p.  India*, 
Spigelia  Marilandica — p.  Wild,  Silene  Virgtniea. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear— p.  Marina, 
see  Bissus.  - 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALS 
Uvula. 

PINN.fi  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver— p. 
Naris,  see  Nasus. 

PINNULA,  Aileron. 

PINNULiE  HEPATIS,  Lobea  of  the  liver. 

PINO'LL  (S.)  A  preparation  used  fbrnbsvt- 
ence  on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  fine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drank  ea 
the  march.  It  is  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indian* 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PlftONCILLO  TREE,  Castfliognia  lobata. 

PINUS  A'BIES,  P.  exce'lsa  seu  picea,  A'**, 
Abies  rubra  seu  excelsa  seu  picea,  JtVati  tkeUCa, 
Pice'a,  Norway  Spruce  Fir,  Yew-leaved  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Coniferss.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Mot* 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Spnti 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Essen' tia  Abie'tis,  is  a  flvi 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  *f 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  Screes 
Beer. 

This  fir  affords  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  wt> 
mon  frankincense.  1.  Bur'gundy  Pitch,  Witt* 
pitch,  Pix  Burgun'dica,  Pix  alba,  Jteei'ma  •*•*« 
tis  hu'mida,  Resi'na  alba  humida,  Pini  •ew'rw 
resina  sponte  concre'ta,  Pix  ar'ida,  Pix  akietCm, 
P.  abietis  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  (F.)  Poix  blanche,  Peit 
grasse,  P.  jaune,  P.  de  Bourgognc,  This  pre- 
pared concrete  "juice  is  of  a  close  consisfes*, 
rather  soft,  of  a  reddish-brown  colour,  ane*  ** 
unpleasant  smell.  It  is  very  adhesive  to  tb* 
skin ;  and,  consequently,  forms  excellent  piaster! 
for  remaining  upon  the  part  for  some  time;—* 
in  cases  of  affections  of  the  chest.  2.  Ab**t* 
Resi'na,  (Ph.  L.  since  1809.)  Thus,  Osssmsn 
Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus  faeminfmum,  T. 
vulga'ri,  Olib'anwn  xmlgart  sen  syteesftri,  Me**** 
abietis  sicca,  Resin  of  the  Spruce  Fir.  Ik  n 
solid,  dry,  brittle;  externally,  browniah-yeDev: 
internally,  whitish.  Used  in  plasters  like  thi 
last 

Pinus  Abizs,  see  P.  picea— p.  Alba,  P.  pfece. 

Purus  Balsaxi'a,  A'biss  balsame'a  sen  *•*- 


pinus 


677 


PIPER 


sanifera,  Peu'cea  baUame'a,  The  tree  which 
affords  the  Canada  Balaam,  Baleamum  Cana- 
den'si  sea  de  Can'ada,  Beaina  atrobili'na,  Tere- 
binth'ina  Canaden'eie,  Pini  bahame'a,  Canada 
Turpentine  or  Balaam,  BaUam  of  Fir,  (F.)  Baume 
de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  tarpontines.  It 
has  the  common  properties  of  those  substances. 

Pinus  Canadensis,  Abies  Canadensis,  Hem- 
lock Spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant  in  Ca- 
nada, Nova  Sootia,  and  the  more  northern  parts 
of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  elevated 
and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle  States. 
The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada  Pitch,  Hem- 
lock Pitch— obtained  from  it  is  commonly  known 
under  the  name  Hemlock  Gum. 

Pinus  Candicans,  P.  Picea. 

PlNUS  Cembra,  P.  Monta'na,  Aphernous'li 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine : — the  Carpathian  Balsam,  Bal'samum  Oar- 
path' icum,  B.  Lib'ani,  Carpatk'icum,  Briancon 
Tur'pentine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'dei  Cem- 
bra, have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oiL  The 
shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Damarra.tur- 
pentine. 

Pinus  Excelsa,  P.  abies— p.  Gallica,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Larix  A'biee  larix,  Larix,  L^gmmu'- 
nit  seu  deeid'ua  sen  Europa'a  seu  pyrfmida'lie. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Mi&ze.  From  this  treo  exudes 
Or'emberg  gum,  Bri'ancon  manna,  Gummi  lar'icie 
sen  Oremburgen'ei  seu  Uralen'si,  Manna  Brigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring,  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resin  a  Lar'icia,  Terebin- 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pini  Lar'icia  resi'na 
liq'uida,  (F.)  Tiribenthine  de  Vinise,  M.  de  M4- 
Uze.  It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

Pinus  Muohos.  The  Mountain  or  Mugko  Pine, 
Pinna  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  exudes  the  Beaina  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balaam,  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.  By  dis- 
tillation, the  Hungarian  balsam  affords  the  Krum- 
holz  oil,  Oleum  Templinum. 

Pinus  Palustris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pice'a,  P.  Abies,  A'biee,  A.  pice'a 
sou  pectina'ta  seu  Oal'lica  seu  alba  seu  can'di- 
cans  seu  vulga'rie  seu  taxifo'lia,  European  Sil- 
ver Fir  Tree,  El' ate,  (F.)  Sapin  commun.  By 
piercing  the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the 
Straaburg  Turpentine  is  obtained :  —  the  Resi'na 
Abie'tia,  (Ph.  L.  before  1809,)  Oleum  Abietis,  Te- 
rebinth''ina  Argentoraten'sis. 

Pinus  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pi'nea,  Stone  Pine,  Pinea,  Pinus,  P. 
uberrima  seu  eati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nuts, 
Pine  nute,  Nu'clei  Pi'nea,  Pinei,  Pine'oli,  (F.) 
Pin  d  pignona,  are  eaten  raw,  or  preserved  like 
almonds.    They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos — p.  Sativa, 
P.  pinea. 

Pinus  Sylves'trib,  Pinoafter,  Peuce,  Scotch 
Fir.  This  pine,  as  well  as  P.  marit'ima,  (P. 
Pinaetir)  and  other  species  of  Pinus,  affords 
common  turpentine  and  its  oil,  resin,  tar,  and 
pitch.  1.  Common  Turpentine  of  Europe,  Tere- 
binth* ina,  T.  vulga'rie,  T,  commn'nis,  Beaina  pini, 
Siion,  Horae  Turpentine,  Bordeaux  Turpentine, 
(E\)  Tiribinthine  de  Bordeaux,  TirSbinthine  com- 
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
weather.  It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for 
wounds,  Ac,  in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of 
the  oil,  (see  Oleum  Terebin thins.)  The  white 
Turpentine,  or  common  Turpentine  of  America — 
Terebinth' ina,  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  produced  chiefly 
from  Pinus  paluitrie  and  P.  tada,  and  perhaps 


from  other  species  inhabiting  the  Southern 
States.  When  the  oil  is  distilled  with  water, 
yellow  resin,  or  Rosin,  (Resi'na,  Ph.  U.  S.) — Be~ 
einaflava — is  left,  which  is  only  used  in  the  form- 
ation of  ointments  and  plasters :  if  without  the 
addition  of  water,  the  residuum  is  common  resin 
or  Colophony.  2.  When  the  cold  begins  to  cheek 
the  exudation  of  the  common  turpentine,  part  of 
it  concretes  in  the  wounds.  This  is  called,  in 
France,  Gallipot,  Barron;  and  White  Rosin,  Be- 
aina alba,  when  hardened  after  long  exposure  to 
the  air.  3.  When  the  old  trees  are  subjected  to 
distillation,  in  a  coarse  manner,  Tar  is  obtained 
—  Hygropissos,  Pieaa,  Pix  ce'dria,  Resi'na  pini 
empyreumat'ica  liq'uida,  Terebinth'ina  empyreu- 
mat'ica,  Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  Pix  li- 
quida,  (F.)  Qoudron,  Brai  liquide.  Tar  water, 
Aqua  Picea,  A.  Picis,  Infu'sum  Picis  liq'uida 
seu  Picis  empyreumatiea  liquidas,  Po'tio  pice'a, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Qoudron,  was,  at  one  time,  a  fa- 
shionable remedy  in  numerous  complaints,  and 
its  use  has  been  revived,  since  its  virtues  have 
been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  oreasote.  It  is 
employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
the  vapour  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
and  other  diseases  of  the  lungs.  It  is  used  ex* 
ternally  as  a  detergent.  4.  Common  Pitch,  Pix 
nigra,  Black  Pitch,  Burnea,  Burnia,  Stone  Pitch, 
Pix  sicca,  P.  atra,  P.  nava'lie,  Topiesa,  Palim- 
pia'sa,  P.  ar'ida  (Ph.  L.  before  1809),  (F.)  Pot* 
navale,  P.  noire,  is  obtained  by  inspissating  ter. 
It  is  used  only  as  a  resolvent  in  plasters. 

Pinus  Tad  a,  see  P.  sylvestris  —  p.  Taxifolia, 
P.  picea  —  p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea — p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  picea. 

PIONE,  Pwonia. 

PIONY,  PsBonia. 

PIORTHOPNCEA,  Pimelorthopncea. 

PJOULQUES.  (F.)  A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  water  that  had 
entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument. 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora, 

PIPER,  see  Piper  nigrum. 

Piper  A  lb  cm  Leucopiper,  White  Pepper,  is 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  Aug usTiPOLiuM,Matico — p.Aromsticum, 
P.  nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilianuni, Capsi- 
cum annuum — p.  Calecuticum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

Piper  Capen'sb,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.  It 
possesses,  too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  Caryophyllatum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Caudatum,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapas,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  Gubeb'a,  Per'aea  cubeba,  Laurus  cubeba, 
Litaaa  cubeba  seu  piperi'ta.  A  native  of  Java 
and  Guinea.  The  odour  of  these  berries  —  Cu- 
beba, Com'peper,  Compeba,  Cubal  aini,  Piper  Cau- 
da'turn,  Bacca  Piperie  glabri,  Cubeb  Pepper, 
Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'mue,  (F.)  Poivre-d-queue, 
Quabebe —  is  aromatic ;  taste  at  first  cooling,  af- 
terwards pungent.  The  active  principle  is  an 
essential  oil  —  Oleum  Cubeba,  oil  of  cubebs  — 
which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  The  pro- 
perties of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant  and  purgative. 
It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea,  Dose,  from  Qj  to 
33,  in  powder,  three  or  four  times  a  day ;  of  the 
volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

'  Turkey  yellow  berries/ — the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Rhamnus  Catharticue  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Gutneense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His- 
panicum,  Capsicum  —p.  Indicum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum— p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Lonqum,  Macrop'iper,  Acapat'li,  Gatu* 
trip'ali,  Pim'pilim,   Long  Pepper,   (P.)  Poivre 


PIPERINA 


678 


PIT 


tang.    As  we  receive  the  berries,  they  consist  of 
the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  son  j  and  are  small, 
round  grains,  disf  osed  spirally  on  a  cylindrical 
receptacle.   They  are  stimulant,  carminative,  and 
tonic,  like  the  other  peppers.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  J)j. 
Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum —  p. 
Morale,  Sedum. 
Piper  Mbthisticuk,  see  Ava. 
Piper    Nigrum,    Melanop'iper,    Molagocordi, 
Lada,   Piper   aromat'icum,    Piper  (Ph.   U.   S.), 
Block  Pepper,  (P.)  Poivre  noir.     Black  pepper 
is  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun.     Virtue*, 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers. 

Piper  Odoratcm  Jamaicensb,  see  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Tabascum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — p. 
Turcicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPKRI'NA,  Piperi'num,  Pip'erine,  Piperin. 
A  resinoid  substance,  obtained  from  the  piper 
nigrum  by  M.  (Erstadt,  in  which  a  part  of  the 
virtues  of  the  pepper  resides.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed, like  the  quinia,  in  intermittent^,  and  suc- 
cessfully. 

PIP'EROID,  PiperoVdum,  Zingxb'erin.  A 
yellow  syrupy  mass  obtained  by  exhausting  gin- 
ger  root  by  ether.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol, 
and  oils,  and  may  be  given  in  tincture,  Bugar, 
losenge,  or  syrup,  in  oases  where  ginger  is  indi- 
cated. 

PIPEROPAS'TUS  j  from  rcmpc,  'pepper/  and 
rueouv,  '  to  strew.'  Strewed  with  pepper, — socks, 
for  example,  where  it  is  desirable  to  excite  the 
surface  of  thi)  feet 

PIPETTE.  'A  small  pipe.'  In  Pharmacy,  a 
small  tube  terminating  in  a  perforated  point, 
which  is  passed  into  a  liquid  to  be  removed, 
from  the  surface  of  a  precipitate,  for  example. 
The  liquid  is  drawn  into  the  tube  by  applying 
the  mouth  to  the  free  extremity. 

PIPIN'NA,  Men' tula  parva.    A  small  penis. 
PIPPERIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 
PIPSISSEWA,  Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculate — p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 
PIPTONYCHIA,  Onychoptosis. 
PIQUETJt,  see  SabU. 
PIQ  UREy  Puncture,  Wound,  punctured. 
PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  climates 
in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.    It  is  genial,  but 
somewhat  oppressive  and  damp.    It  is  softer  than 
that  of  Nice,  but  not  so  warm ;  less  soft,  but  less 
oppressive  than  that  of  Rome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Seoco,  in  Italy,  between  Lake 
Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal  (100°  Fahr.), 
sulphureous,  and  carbonated,  and  is  chiefly  used 
in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhosa,  chronio  diarrhoea,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTHRFNA,  Jamaica  Dog- 
wood. A  small  branching  tree,  common  in  most 
of  the  West  India  Islands ;  —  Diadelphia  Decan- 
dria  of  Linnseus.  It  is  used  in  the  West  Indies 
to. poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be  an  acro-narcotic, 
and  has  been  used  in  the  form  of  a  tincture  of  the 
bark  of  the  root  in  toothach. 
PISCINA,  Baignoire. 

PISCIVOROUS,  PwctVcrw,  IchthyopVagoue, 
Ichthyoph'ague,  from  piecie,  '  a  fish/  and  voro,  '  I 
eat1    Feeding  or  subsisting  on  fish. 

PIS'IFORM,  Piriform'it,  from  jptsum,  'a  pea/ 
and  forma,  'shape.' 

PISIFORM'E,  OS,  Oe  lenticula'ri,'  Oe  orbicu- 
ia'ri,  Oe  extra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Oe  horn  du 
rang,  is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the 
carpus.  It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the 
tendon  of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  ante- 
rior transverse  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It  is  arti- 
culated, behind,  with  the  00  enneiforme. 


PISO,  Mortar. 
PISSA,  see  Pinus  syhrestria. 
PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pieeaepkal'tmn,  Jfowml 
Pitch,  from  vieca,  'pitch/  and  ae+eXm,  'bitn- 
men.'  (F.)  Poix  minfrale.  A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  Bock  oil;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.  It  is  synonymous  with  GMtiau* 
bitu'men,  Malta  bit u' men,  and  Mineral  tar. 

PISSELjE'UM,  Oleum  Pici'num,  from  run, 
'pitch/  and  eXaiov,  'oil.'  An  oily  matter  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  sane 
purposes  as  tar. 

Pisseljsum  Indicum,  Petroleum. 
PISSEMENT  BE  SANG,  Hfematnria. 
PISSENLIT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
PISSE'ROS,    from    viova,   'pitch/     Andeat 
name  of  a  cerate,  prepared  of  olite  oil,  oil  0/ 
roeee,  and  dried  pitch.    It  was,  also,  called  C**'- 
turn  pica' turn,  and  C.  tetraphar'macun.—IBW 
crates. 

PISSI'TES,  Vinum  pica' turn.    Same  ctvmoa. 
A  wine  prepared  from  tar  and  the  most  of  th 
grape.    It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic 
PISSOSIS,  Malacia. 
PISSWEBD,  Anthemis  cotula. 
PISTACHIO    NUTS,  see  Arachis  hypog* 
Pistacia  vera. 
PI8TA£IA  CHIA,  P.  lentiscus. 
Pista'cia   Lentis'cds,  P.  Chia,  Tenbin'ti* 
lentiecue,  Lentiecus  vulga'ri* ;  the  Jfain'el  Tm- 
Family,  Terebinthaceas.     The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principles  of  mastieb; 
and  a  tincture  made  from  it  has  been  used  is  the 
cure  of  dyspeptic  affections,  gout,  and  dysentery 
It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  Maetich,  Red* 
Lentieci'na,  Men'frigi,  Maeti'che,  Matrix,  Pi*- 
cub  Lentie'ci  Beei'na.     This  resin  has  an  agree*- 
ble  smell  when  heated:    is  almost  insipid;  is 
globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  semi-traniparoit 
masses  ,•  soluble  in  ether ;  partially  so  in  alcohol. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in  old  eoogbi, 
and  gleet,  and  is  chewed  to  sweeten  the  breath- 
It  is  sometimes,  also,  employed,  to  Btop  holes  a 
carious  teeth. 

Pistacia  Narbokeksis,  P.  lentiscus— p-B*** 
culata,  P.  lentiscus. 

Pistacia  Terebiw'thtjb,  P.  tfarlonen'tU  «■ 
reticulata  sen  vera,  Turpentine  Tree,  Bab-el-** 
limbat,  Terebinthu*  vnlga'rie,  Ternintkot.  IM 
tree  which  affords  the  Cyprue  Turpentine.  R*' 
na  Terebin'thi,  TerebintVina  vera,  T.  Okie,  J* 
Cyp'ria,  (F.)  Tiribinthine  de  Ohio.  This  «»■ 
stance  is  classed  amongst  the  resins.  It  is  PJj 
cured  by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk.  *■• 
best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  e00*8***! 
of  honey  j  very  tenacious,  clear,  and  aln«» 
transparent ;  of  a  white  colour  inclining  to  y»- 
low,  and  of  a  fragrant  smell  ,•  moderately  **■ 
to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and  bitt* 
ness.  It  resembles  in  virtues  the  other  tnrp** 
tines.  ^ 

Pistacia  Vera.     Name  of  the  tree  *»«■ 
affords  the  Nux  Pistacia.     Pitta'ohio  m*  b»™ 
a  sweetish,  unctuous  taste,  resembling  that* 
sweet  almonds.    Like  these,  they  afford  as  **» 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion. 
PISTILLUM,  Pilum. 
PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia  pistoloehia. 
PISTORIENSIS  GLADITJS,  Biriouri. 
PISUM,    Pieum  sati'vum,  Pea,   Gardtn  f*t 
(F.)  Poie,  P.  cultivi.     The  seeds  of  tht  F* 
Fam.  Leguminosss,  Sex.  Syet.  Diadelphia  d«»£ 
dria,  are  much  employed  as  an  aliment,  both  » 
the  fresh  and  dried  state.     They  are  farina*** 
and,  when  dried,  not  easy  of  digestion.    ^    A 
PIT,  Pock  mark— p.  of  tho  Stomach,  lbs*1 
de  oceur. 


PITAYA 


679 


PLACENTA 


PITA  Y' A  BARK.  This  bark  is  preferred  in 
Colombia  to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  vege- 
table alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pitayim  has 
been  given. 

PITAYINE,  see  Pitaya  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  saline  springs,  at  Pitcaithley,  about  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia — p.  Black,  see  Pinas  syl- 
vestris  —  p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Pitch  Cap,  see  Depilatory. 

Pitch,  Common,  Pinns  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock, 
see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum — p. 
Mineral,  Pissosphaltum. 

Pitch  Plaster,  see  Depilatory,  Emplastrum 
picis. 

Pitch,  Stone,  see  Pinns  sylvestris  —  p.  White, 
see  Pinus  abies. 

PITIIYRIASIS,  Pityriasis. 

PITHYRINUS,  Acerosus,  Furfuraceous. 

PITTA' CI  UAL  A  pitch  plaster,  from  mm, 
'pitch.' 

PITTING,  Pock  mark. 

PITTOSIS,  Malacia. 

PITTO'TA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ingredient 

PITTSBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  mineral  spring,  situate  about  four 
miles  south-west  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania. 
It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  car- 
bonic acid. 

PIT  U  IT  A,  Mucus,  Phlegm— p.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

PITU'ITARY,  Pituita' rius,  from  pituita, 
4  phlegm/  Concerned  in  the  secretion  of  mucus 
or  phlegm.    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Pituitary  Body,  P.  Gland. 

Pituitary  Fossa,  Fossa  Pituita'ria.  A  de- 
pression on  the  cerebral  surface  of  the  sphenoid 
bone,  which  lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is 
called,  on  account  of  its  shape,  Sella  Turc"ica, 
JEphip'pium.  Chaussier  calls  it  Fossa  supra- 
spkenolda'lis,  from  its  situation. 

Pitu'itary  Gland,  Olan'dula  Pituito'sa  vel 
pituita'ria,  Glandula  basila'ris,  Lacu'na  vel  Ap- 
pendic'ula  cer'ebri,  Hypoph'ysis  seu  Appendix 
cer'ebri,  Pituitary  body,  Corpus  pituita' re; — 
Appendice  sus-sphenoidale  dn  cerveau,  (Ch.)  A 
small,  round  body  ,*  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

Pituitary  Membrane,  Sehneide'rian  Mem- 
brane, 3fcmbra'na  pituita'ria,  31.  ol/acto'ria. 
The  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal 
fossss,  and  extends  to  the  different  cavities  com- 
municating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossse, 
the  membrane  appears  formed  of  two  layers,  in- 
timately united ;  —  the  one  in  contact  with  the 
bone  is  fibrous; — the  other  is  free  at  one  surface. 
The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on  which  pa- 
pillae are  not  easily  distinguishable,  but  which 
contains  thorn,  as  well  as  a  number  of  very  small 
mucous  follicles,  that  open  into  the  cavity  of  the 
xiares.  On  penetrating  the  maxillary,  frontal, 
sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal  sinuses,  the  membrane 
becomes  very  thin,  transparent,  less  vascular, 
and  seems  reduced  to  its  mucous  layer.  The 
pituitary  membrane  receives  the  impression  of 
odours,  by  means  of  the  expansion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerves  upon  it.    It  is  the  seat  of  smell. 

PITU'ITOUS,  Pituito'sus  ;  from  pituita,  mu- 
cus or  phlegm.  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  or 
fall  of  mucus  or  phlegm. 

PITYRIASIS,  from  xtrvpov,  'bran;'  Levido'- 
tu  Pityriasis,  Pityris'ma,  Pithyri'asis,   Herpes 


furfura'ceus,  IT.  farino'sus,  Porri'go  (of  some,) 
Tin'ea  furfura'cea,  T.  porrigino'sa,  Furfura'tio, 
Furfuris'ea,  Dandriff,  Dandruff,  (F.)  Texgne, 
Dartre,  Dartre  furfuracfe  volante  ;  —  a  very  su- 
perficial affection;  characterized  by  irregular 
patches  of  thin  scales,  which  repeatedly  exfoliate 
and  recur;  but  which  never  form  crusts,  or  are  ae  • 
companied  with  excoriations.  It  is  not  contagious. 
It  occurs  under  three  or  four  varieties  of  form. 

Pityriasis,  Porrigo  —  p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 
Versicolor,  Chloasma. 

PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis. 

PITYROIDES,  Furfuracous. 

PITYRON,  Furfur. 

PIVOINE,  Peeonia. 

PIVOTING.  In  dentistry,  an  operation, 
which  consists  in  fastening  in  a  new  crown  upon 
the  root  of  a  tooth  by  means  of  a  piece  of  gold 
wire,  called  '  a  pivot.' 

PIX,  Sperm  —  p.  Abietina  Bee  Pinus  abies— 
p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Alba,  see  Pinui 
abies — p.  Arida  see  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 
vestris—p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Brutia, 
Brutia — p.  Burgundica,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  Canadensis  —  p.  Cedria,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Grseca,  Colophonia — p.  Li- 
quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Navalis,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p. 
Sicca,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  <  I  will  please.'  A  medicine,  pre- 
scribed rather  to  Batisfy  the  patient  than  with 
any  expectation  of  its  effecting  a  cure. 

PLACEN'TA.  A  Latin  word,  signifying  a 
Cake.  P.  uteri  seu  uteri' na  seu  uteri  car'nea, 
Hepar  sen  Jecur  uteri' num,  Caro  seu  Affu'sio  or- 
bicularis, Maza.  A  soft,  spongy,  vascular  body, 
adherent  to  the  uterus,  and  connected  with  the 
foetus  by  the  umbilical  cord.  It  is  not  in  exist- 
ence during  the  first  period  of  the  embryo  state, 
but  its  formation  commences  perhaps  with  the 
arrival  of  the  embryo  in  the  uterus.  It  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  have  two  portions,  one  fatal, 
and  the  other  maternal.  The  foetal  consists  of 
highly  vascular  villi  and  tufts,  which  contain  the 
inosculating  loops  of  the  umbilical  arteries  and 
umbilical  vein  of  the  foetus.  The  maternal  por- 
tion is  considered  by  Dr.  Rcid  to  consist,  essen- 
tially, of  a  large  sac  formed  by  the  inner  coat  of 
the  vascular  system  of  the  mother,  into  which 
the  maternal  blood  is  poured  by  the  curling  arte- 
ries of  tho  uterus,  and  from  which  it  is  returned 
by  the  utero- placental  veins.  Tho  tufts  and  villi 
of  the  foetal  placenta  are  ensheathed  by  this  inner 
coat  of  the  maternal  vascular  system ;  and,  ac- 
cording to  Prof.  Goodsir,  two  distinct  sots  of  nu- 
cleated cells — one  maternal  and  the  other  foetal — 
separate  the  maternal  and  foetal  portions  where 
they  come  in  contact,  one  set  of  which  are  pro- 
bably, he  thinks,  concerned  in  the  separation  of 
nutritive  matter  from  the  maternal  blood,  and 
the  other  destined  to  convey  it  into  tho  vesselB 
of  the  foetus.  The  placenta  is  formed  of  several 
lobes  or  cotyledons,  which  can  be  readily  distin- 
guished from  each  other  on  the  uterino  surface ; 
but  towards  the  foetal  surface  are  confounded  into 
one  mass.  It  is  composed  of  the  umbilical  ves- 
sels, areolar  tissue,  and  whitish,  resisting  fila- 
ments, which  are  vascular  ramifications  oblite- 
rated. Lymphatic  vessels  have  also  been  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  it;  and  nerves  have  been 
traced,  proceeding  from  the  great  sympathetic  of 
the  foetus. 

The  main  function  of  the  placenta  appears  to 
be  like  that  of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admita 
of  the  blood  of  the  foetus  being  shown  to  that  <t 
the  mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 
It  may,  also,  be  an  organ  for  nutritive  absorp- 
tion, as  observed  above. 
Placen'ta  Cruorib,  see  Blood— p.  JTebrilie. 


PLACENTAL 


68* 


PLANTAR 


A/ue  cake— p.  Oblata,  P.  pra&via— p.  Obvia,  P. 
pr»via. 

Placen'ta  Pbji'via,  (from  pra,  'before,'  and 
via,  *  way,')  P.  06' eta,  P.  obla'ta.  Presentation  of 
the  placenta;  a  condition  which  gives  rise  to  un- 
avoidable hemorrhage  from  the  uterus.  The  safety 
of  the  female  depends  upon  speedy  delivery. 

Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Uteri 
Succenturiata,  Decidua. 

PLACEN'TAL,  Placenta' lit.  Relating,  or  ap- 
pertaining to,  the  placenta. 

PLACENTITIS,  Placunti'tie,  Placol'tie,  In- 
fiamma'tio  placen'ta.  A  hybrid  word  —  from 
placenta,  and  itia,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  placenta. 

PLACEN'TULA,  'a  little  cake.'  A  rudimental 
placenta.    The  placenta  of  an  abortion. 

PLACOITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLACUNTITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLAD AROMA,  PladaroBis. 

PLADARO'SIS,  Pladaro'ma,  Pladar'otee, 
from  wXa&apos,  '  soft.'  A  soft  tumour  on  the  eye- 
lid, unaccompanied  with  redness  or  pain. 

PL  AD  A  ROTES,  Pladarosis. 

PLAFOND  DES  VENTRWULES  DU 
CERVEAU,  Corpus  callosum. 

PLAGA,  Ictus,  W«nd. 

PLAGIOBOL'IA,  Planobol'ia,  from  irXayiaj, 
'to  one  side/  and  0a\\uv,  'to  throw/  Imperfect 
•mission  of  sperm  into  the  vagina.  Emission  to 
one  side ;  sometimes  practised  to  render  impreg- 
nation less  probable. 

PLAGUE,  from  rlrryn,  plaga,  'a  stroke.'  Pea- 
tia, P.  orient  a' lis,  P.  bubona'ria  orientalie  sen 
inguina'ria,  P.  contagiosa,  P.  acutiaa'ima,  P. 
sep'tica,  P.  Qlandulo'ea,  P.  Ade'no-eeptica,  P. 
inguinaria,  Peetil'itae,  Ephem'era  peatilentia'lia, 
E.  tnortif'cra,  Lues  inguina'ria,  Cladea  glandu- 
la'ria,  Phthora,  Peatilen'tia,  Luce,  Loimoa,  Febria 
ade'no-nervo'aa,  Laemoe,  Lame",  Lce'mia,  Latmop1- 
yra,  Chaoada,  Anthra'cia  Peatie,  Anthracotyphua, 
Febria  pea'tilena,  Syn'ochua  peatilentia'lia,  Typhua 
peatia,  T.  peatilentia'lia,  T.  gravia'aimua,  T.  an- 
thra'cicue,  T.  Bubon'icua,  Exanthe'ma  peatia,  the 
Peat,  Levant  plague,  Septic  or  glan'dular  pea'ti- 
lence,  (F.)  Peete,  Typhua  d' Orient,  Filvre  du  Le- 
vant. An  eminently  malignant  disease;  endemio 
in  the  Levant;  frequently  epidemic,  and  destroy- 
ing at  least  two- thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is 
a  fever  of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  with  affec- 
tion of  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  groin  or 
axillae,  and  carbuncles.  Its  miasmata  —  it  has 
been  conceived — adhere  to  different  organic  tex- 
tures, to  woollen  goods,  clothing  and  furniture ; 
and  may  thus  be  transported  to  a  considerable 
distance ;  but  this  is  not  certain.  The  mean  du- 
ration of  the  disease  is  six  or  seven  days ;  some 
die  in  twenty-four  hours,  others  not  till  ten  or 
twelve  days.  Pathological  anatomy  has  afforded 
little  light  with  respect  to  it.  Various  means 
have  been  used  for  arresting  it,  but  none  have 
seemed  to  be  pre-eminently  distinguished.  The 
great  point  is,  to  watch  the  indications  as  they 
develop  themselves;  and  to  treat  the  case,  in 
general,  like  one  of  typhus  gravior.  It  is  uni- 
versally agreed  that  the  suppuration  of  the  bu- 
boes should  be  aided  as  for  as  practicable.  For 
preventing  the  importation  and  spread  of  the 
plague,  the  Quarantine  Latcs  have  been  insti- 
tuted; and  when  the  disease  has  actually  ap- 
peared, a  cordon  aanitaire  bos  been  drawn  round 
the  infected  district,  so  as  to  prevent  all  commu- 
nication. 

Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious  pneu- 
monia, in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has  been, 
also,  bo  called. 


Plagub  Mark,  Plague  token. 

Plague,  Pali.  ,  A  malignant  fever,  greatly 
resembling  Plague,  which  prevailed  in  Rajpoo- 
tana  after  July,  1836. 

Plague  Spot,  Plague  token. 

Plague  Token,  Plague  mark,  Plague  tpot. 
A  mark  by  which  one  struck  with  the  plague  wm 
known.  Perhaps  the  early  stage  of  carbuncle  in 
unfavourable  cases.  It  is  described  as  a  small 
tubercle — Boaaa — somewhat  resembling  av-art, 
callous  and  more  or  less  deficient  in  sensibility, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  thai 
of  a  bean. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint 

PLAIE,  Wound  —  p.  a* Ann*  d  feu,  W«md, 
gunshot — p.  d Arquebusade,  Wound,  guninot— 
p.  Contuec,  Wound,  contused — p.  EHtenaft, 
Wound,  poisoned  — p.  par  Arrachcmtnt,  Wound, 
lacerated — p.  d  Lambeaux,  see  Flap. 

PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS,  Lycopodina 
selago  —  p.  Selago,  Lycopodium  selago. 

PLANARIA  LATILSCCLA,  Diatoms  fcpV 
ticum. 

PLANCHER  (F.),  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  to 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PLANCHER  DU  CERVEAU,  Tentoriwa. 

PLANCUS,  Leiopus. 

PLANE,  Plexus  — p.  Mesial,  see  MesiaL 

PLANET-STRUCK,  see  Siderotic 

PLANE'TES,  Plane' ticue,  PlaH'ic*a,E«+ 
bun'due,  Erratic.  An  epithet  given  to  diwaMi, 
whose  returns  are  irregular — especially  to  inter- 
mittent fever;  Planetea  Febria,  F.  Erratico,  F. 
Erro'nea,  F.  Vaga. 

PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,    Gout,  1 
ing. 

PLANICUS,  Planetes. 

PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes, 

PLANITIES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia. 

PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina-p. 
Pedis,  Solo  —  p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  Major,  Ccntiner'via,  Am- 
gloe'eum,  Scptiner*via,  Polyneu'ron,  Heplaplf'' 
ron,  Planta'go  latifo'lia  seu  major  sen  r*tyfl'«*> 
(F.)  Plantain  commun.  Family,  PUntagin** 
Sex.  Syet.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  lea«* 
have  been  said  to  be  refrigerant,  attendant,  aw- 
styptic,  and  diuretic. 

Plantago  Aquatica,  Alisma  plantago. 

Plant  ago  Cokok'opub,  Coronopo'dium,  &*■ 
cervi'num,  Stella  terra,  Plantago,  Buebh* 
Plantain.    Properties  like  the  lost. 

Plantago  Nitida,  P.  psyllium. 

Plantago  Pstl'lium,  P.  nitida,  PayPUmr. 
erec'tum,  Pulica'ria  herba,  Cryetal'lio*,  ft*£ 
moi'a,  Branching  Plantain,  Fleawort,  (F.)  "** 
aux  pucee  commune.  The  seeds  have  a  n*°**** 
mucilaginous  taste,  and  no  remarkable  »*» 
The  decoction  of  the  seeds  is  recommend*  fl 
hoarseness  and  roughness  of  the  fauces. 

Plantago  Vulgaris,  Plantago. 

PLANTAIN,  BRANCHING,  Plantago  PF 
lium — p.  Buckshorn,  Plantago  coronopni— r 
Commun,  Plantago  —  p.  d*Eau,  Alisma  plasty 
— p.  Rattlesnake,  Goodyera  pubwsoens— p-  ** 
bin's,  Erigeron  bellidifolium — p.  Tree,  Mo»r* 
radisiaca — p.  Water,  Alisma  plantago,  Use*"1 
deltifolia* 

PLANTATRE,  Plantar  muscle -^  ft*5 
Plantar  muscle.  . 

PLANTAR,  Planta'rie,  from  pUnta,  'the«* 
of  the  foot.'  That  which  relates  or  belonp  » 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  This  name  has  been  gw* 
to  several  ports.  . 

Plantar  Aponeurosis,  P.  faa'cia.  A  tm* 
dense,  resisting  aponeurosis;  of  a  triangw* 
shape,  and  superficially  situate!  which  octtp* 


ELANTARIA 


681 


PLASTIC 


the  middle  and  sides  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
furnishes  insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of 
the  region,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium 
of  septa,  which  it  sends  between  (hem. 

Plantar  Arch,  see  Plantar  arteries. 

Plantar  Arteries.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  posterior 
tibial  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into: — The 
internal  plantar  artery,  situate  above  the  abduc- 
tor polliois  pedis.  It  extends  from  the  termina- 
tion of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk  of  one  of 
the  collaterals  of  that  toe.  The  external  plantar 
artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  and  ought  to 
be  considered  as  the  termination  of  the  posterior 
or  tibial.  Situate  above  the  flexor  communis  di- 
gitorum  pedis,  it  extends  from  beneath  the  calca- 
neum  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  last  meta- 
tarsal space.  When  it  has  reached  this  part,  it 
turns  from  without  inwards ;  advances  towards 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the  perforating 
branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarn.  In  the  first  part  of 
its  course,  it  furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  mus- 
cular, and  adipous  branches.  The  second  por- 
tion of  the  artery  is  called  the  Plantar  Arch  or 
from.  It  gives  branches  in  all  directions.  The 
iuT>*or  and  posterior  have  received  no  name. 
The  (Superior — three  in  number — are  the  poste- 
rior perforating  arteries.  The  anterior  branches 
are  larger,  and  there  are  commonly  four.  They 
furnish  the  anterior  per/orating,  and  the  collate- 
ral* of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Cross,  see  Plantar  arteries — p.  Fas- 
cia, P.  aponeurosis. 

PlAntar  Ligaments.  A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of  the 
tarsus  and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"ili*t 
Tibia'lis  grac,'ilis,  Exten'sor  tarsi  minor,  (F.) 
Plantaire,  P.  Orile,  Jambier  grtte,  Petit  fimoro- 
calcanien,  (Gh.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
external  condyle  of  the  os  femoris :  below,  it  ter- 
minates by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  caloaneum. 
This  muscle  extends  the  leg  on  the  foot,  and 
conversely.  It  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of 
the  leg  on  the  thigh. 

Plantar  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  number, 
and  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the  pos- 
terior tibial  nerve.  They  are  distinguished  into 
—  1.  The  internal  plantar  nerve,  which  extends 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  tibial  nerve  to  both 
sides  of  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  inner  side  of 
the  fourth.  It  furnishes,  also,  branches  to  the 
abductor  of  the  great  toe j  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  toes ;  to  the  accessory ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  great  toe,  the  lumbricales,  Ac  2.  The  exter- 
nal plantar  nerve  proceeds  from  the  termination 
of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  posterior  extremity 
of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone,  and  gives  branches  to 
the  flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis,  the  accessory 
and  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe.  This  trunk 
subsequently  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the 
one — profunda — is  distributed  to  the  short  flexor 
of  the  great  toe:  the  interosseus  and  abductor 
pollicis  pedis :  the  other  —  superficialie  —  Bends 
filaments  to  the  short  flexor  of  the  little  toe,  the 
two  sides  of  that  toe,  the  outer  side  of  the  4th, 
and  the  last  lumbrioalis. 

Plantar  Regions  or  Surfaces  'are  different 
regions  or  surfaces  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  Three 
are  generally  reckoned,  —  the  internal,  middle, 
and  external. 

Plantar  Veins  follow  a  similar  arrangement 

PLAN TARLA,  Dengue. 


PLANTARIS,  Plantar,  P.  muscle— p.  Superfl- 
cies  pedis,  Sole — p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  di- 
gitorum pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius.) 

PLANTARIUM,  Pubes. 

PL  ANTE  DUPIED,  Sole. 

PLANTI-SOUS-PHALANQIENS,  Lumbri- 
cales pedis — p.  Tendino-phalangiens,  Lumbricales  ' 
pedis. 

PLANUM  AFONEUROTICUM  DIA- 
PER AG MATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Planum  Os,  from  planus,  '  soft,  smooth.'  The 
papyraceous  or  orbitar  plato  of  the  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  called. 

Planum  Pedis,  Sole. 

Planum  Supe'rius  Linguje.  The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  tongue. 

PLANU'RIA,  from  *\avoct  'wandering,  false/ 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  urino  through 
unwonted  ways. 

PLAQUEM1MER  I/EUROPE,  Diospyros 
lotus.  . 

PLAQUES  GAUFREES,  Peyeri  glandules— 
p.  Laiteuses,  see  Taches  laiteuses. 

PLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS,  from  plasma,  the  li- 
quor sanguinis  ;  cf, '  out  of,'  and  'lipwots,  '  perspi- 
ration.' Exudation  of  the  plasma  of  the  blood 
from  the  vessels. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrum  —  p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resinse,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p. 
Adhesive,  Baynton's,  see  Emplastrum  resinse— p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastrum  de 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans — p.  Ammoniacum,  Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci — p.  Ammoniacum  with  mer- 
cury, Emplastrum  ammoniaci  cum  hydrargyro  — 
p.  Aromatic,  Emplastrum  aromatioum  —  p.  Asa- 
ftetida,  Emplastrum  asafcetidss  —  p.  of  Belladon- 
na, Emplastrum  belladonnas  —  p.  Blister,  Blister 
— p.  Blistering,  Emplastrum  lytUe— p.  of  Blister- 
ing fly,  Emplastrum  lyttss  —  p.  Calefacient,  Em- 
plastrum calefaciens —  p.  of  Gantharides,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lyttaa  compositum  —  p.  Ce- 
phalic, Emplastrum  picis  comp.  —  p.  Corn,  Spa- 
radrapum viride  —  p.  Corn,  Kennedy's,  Spara- 
drapum viride  —  p.  Court,  English,  see  Ichthyo- 
colla,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Cummin, 
Emplastrum  cumini — p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum 
Gal  tori — p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrum  plumbi — p. 
Fly,  Emplastrum  lytto  —  p.  Frankincense,  Em- 
plastrum thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastrum  gal- 
bani  —  p.  Galbanum,  oompound,  Emplastrum 
galbani  compositum — p.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gum- 
mosum  —  p.  of  Gum-resins,  Emplastrum  cum 
gummi-resinis — p.  Hemlock,  Emplastrum  cicutm 
—  p.  Iron,  Emplastrum  ferri  —  p.  Isinglass,  see 
Sparadrapum  adhsssivum —  p.  Issue,  Sparadra- 
pum pro  fonticulis — p.  Lead,  Emplastrum  plumbi 
— p.  Machine,  Sparadrapier — p.  Mercurial,  Em- 
plastrum hydrargyri — p.  of  Mercury,  oompound, 
Emplastrum  hydrargyri  compositum — p.  Nurem- 
berg, Emplastrum  Norimbergense  —  p.  Opium, 
Emplastrum  opii  —  p.  Pitch,  see  Depilatory  —  p. 
Pitch,  comp.,  Emplastrum  picis  compositum — p. 
Resin,  Emplastrum  resinse  —  p.  of  Red  oxide  of 
iron,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri  —  p.  Soap, 
Emplastrum  saponis  —  p.  of  Spanish  flies,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lyttse  compositum — p.  Stick- 
ing, Emplastrum  resinse — p.  Strengthening,  Em- 
plastrum ferri,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri — p. 
Warm,  Emplastrum  calefaciens  —  p.  Wax,  Em- 
plastrum ceres. 

PLASTIC,  PlaSticus,  Formati'vus,  Fonn'ati**, 
from  wXaeau,  'I  form.'  ThatVhioh  forms,  or 
serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  whioh  bears  within  II 
the  germs  of  a  higher  form.  —  Gerber. 


PLA8TICIMUS 


682 


PLETHORA 


Plastic  Forck.  The  generative  or  formative 
power  in  organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  Ni- 
sus  formoti'vus,  Vis  sen  Virtus  pins' tica  sen  for- 
mati'va,  Vis  essentia' Us  sen  reproductiva,  Fac'ultas 
for  matrix  sea  nutrix  seu  auetrix  sea  vegetati'va; 
Bias  alter ati'vum,  Motus  assimilationis,  An'ima 
vegetati'va,  Plasticism'us,  Virtus  formatrix,  Plas- 
tic"itas,  Plastic"ity,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of 
assimilation,  Force  of  Form'ation,  Force  of  vege- 
ta'tion,  Puissance  du  mouU  intirieur  (Buffon), 
Bildungstrieb,  Germ-force  of  the  Germans. 

Plastic  LrMPH,Liquor  Sanguinis — p.  Surgery, 
Morioplastice. 

PLASTICIMUS,  Plastic  Poree. 

PLASTICITAS,  Plastic  Force. 

PLASTICITY,  Plastic  Force. 

PLASTILYTIC,  Anaplastic. 

PLASTILYTICUM  (HJ3MAT0LYTICUM), 
Span&mio. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 

PLATANO.  Musa  Sapientum. 

PLATANTHE'RA  ORBICULA'TA,  Large 
round-leaved  Orchis  ;  indigenous.  Order  Orchid- 
aceee ;  flowering  in  July.  The  leaves  are  large, 
soft  and  fleshy,  and  are  used,  in  certain  places,  for 
dressing  blisters. 

PLATAN  US,  Musa  paradisiac*. 

PLATE  A,  Botbriocephalus  latus. 

PLATES,  MANSFORD'S,  see  Galvanism. 

PLATIAS'MUS,  from  wXarvt,  'broad.'  Ex- 
cessive development  of  the  lips,  causing  the  arti- 
culation to  be  imperfect. 

PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLAT'INUM,  Platfina,  from  (S.)  plata,  <sil- 
ver.'  The  preparations  of  platinum  resemble  in 
their  therapeutical  properties  those  of  gold.  The 
Bichlo'ride,  Pfat'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made  by  dis- 
solving platinum  in  aqua  regia.  and  the  Double 
Chloride  of  Platinum  and  Sodium,  So'dii  chlo- 
roplat'inas,  Chloroplat'inate  of  So'dium,  prepared 
by  dissolving  bichloride  of  platinum  and  pure 
chloride  of  sodium,  in  proper  proportions,  in  water, 
evaporating  and  crystallizing,  —  are  the  prolifera- 
tions used.     They  are  not  much  prescribed. 

PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 

PLATYBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 

PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 

PLATYCORIASIS,  Platycoria. 

PLATYNO'SIS,  from  irXarvf,  'broad.'  Ampli- 
fica'tio.     Morbid  extension  of  parts. 

PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 

PLATYPOLIA,  see  Kyllosis. 

PLATYPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

PLATYS'MA,  from  irXarvt ,  'broad.'  Anything 
broadly  extended.    A  spread  plaster. 

Plattb'ma  MtoIdes,  P.  Myo'des,  Mum1  cuius 
euta'neus,  M.  subcuta'neus  (Winslow),  Quadra'tue 
gencjB  vel  latis'simus  colli,  Expan'sio  musculo' sa, 
Tetrago'nus,  Stomoman'icon,  (F.)  Thoraco-maxillo 
facial,  Tkoraco-facial  (Ch.).  Peaucier.  A  mus- 
cle situate  superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  neck.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  Its 
fibres,  which  are  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pass 
obliquely  downwards,  and  from  without  inwards. 
They  arise  from  the  areolar  tissue,  which  covers 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest;  pass 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  this  last 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  oalled  by  some 
anatomists  Mm' cuius  Riso'rius  Santo ri'ni.  The 
platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  and  carrieB  it  outwards.  It  contributes, 
also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw.  When 
k  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  neck 
transversely. 


PLATYSTEB'NOS,  from  *X«m,  'broad,'  and 
erepvov,  'the  sternum.'  One  who  has  a  broad 
well  developed  chest — D.  Pechlin. 

PLATYS'TOMUS;  from  rAan>*  'broad/  lad 
rrofia,  '  mouth.'    One  who  has  a  broad  montfu 

PLAUTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLECHAS,  Perinssum. 

PLECTANJB,  Cornua  uteri. 

PLEC'TANE,  Plica,  Plegma,  Plexus.  A  fold  J 
a  plexus.     Also,  a  cornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.  The  styloid  procesi  of  the 
temporal  bone.  Also,  the  uvula,  and  the  tongu. 
—  Castelli. 

PLEDGET,  (D.)  Plagghe,  Phmutfr, 
Lintea'men,  Plag'ula,  (F.)  Plumaeeau,  Plnuu- 
seau,  A  small  compress  or  g&teau  of  lint— (U* 
filaments  arranged  parallel  to  each  other)— flat- 
tened between  the  hands  after  the  extranitKj 
have  been  cut  oft"  or  folded  down.  It  is  applied 
over  wounds,  ulcers,  Ac,  to  preserve  Ihem  fiwa 
the  contact  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings  tenia, 
and  to  absorb  the  discharges. 

PLEGE,  Blow,  lotus. 

PLEGMA,  Plectane,  Plexus. 

PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter; 

PLEIN,  (F.)  'Full/  The  middle partofsrou*. 

PLEIOMASTHUS,  Polymasthus. 

PLEIOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 

PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 

PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 

PLENCK'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory, 
Coney's.  „„T  ,- 

PLEONEC'TICA  ATHYM'IA  seu  MELA5- 
CHO'LIA.  A  form  of  insanity  charaetenied  tj 
a  desire  for  gain  or  by  covetousness. 

PLEONEC'TICUS,  from  *Awv,  'more,'  m4 
«X«y,  '  to  have.'  Covetous.  Desirous  to  aeqmR- 
hence  mania  pleonectica. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  *XupW,  'full;'  •JsoMjj; 
tio,  Refec'tio,  Reple'tion.  Restoration  of  »» 
after  sickness.     Plethora. 

PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

PLES'MONE,  Plenitu'do,  Sati'etas,  Sat*** 
Intemperance.  A  condition  the  opposite  to  Us» 
of  hunger. 

PLESSER,  Plexor. 

PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLETHOMER'IA,  from  xXtfia,  'many,'  v* 
pipes,  'a  part.*  Superabundance  of  parts,  ai  a 
the  case  of  six  fingers  to  one  hand. 

PLETHO'RA,from  »A*$«,  'I  fill.'  Pofjff** 
Polyhyperha'mia,  Panhyperemia,  Po^y*- 
sanguin'ea,  Angeioplero' sis,  Angioplero'sil&T 
thrm'mia,  Erythro'sis,  Hamatopletho'ra,  H*»* 
pletho'ra,  Plenitu'do,  MuUitu'do,  Redundant* 
Reple'tio,  En'chyma,  Comple'tio,  PietVor^\^ 
ple'tion,  San'guineness,  Fulness,  (F.)  Abonfr** 
Ridondance.  The  word  plethora,  which  »*» 
repletion,  Plero'sis,  expresses  a  superaoatew* 
of  blood  in  the  system,  or  in  some  part  of  itj-J 
hence  the  division  of  plethora  into  general  •» 
local;  the  latter  being  called,  according  »» 
seat,  cerebral,  pulmonary,  uterine,  Ac  ThepJ- 
cipal  symptoms  of  plethora  exist  in  the  a*"* 
tory  system  j  such  as  redness  of  the  **&*' 
sweUing  of  the  veins,  increase  in  the  ftln*s £ 
the  pulse,  in  the  strength  of  the  heart  i  F£ 
tions,  &c,  with  spontaneous  bemorrhagw  «**J 
sionally.  With  these  are  usually  united  *«»** 
heaviness,  torpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinmta*  ■■• 
rium,  flushes  of  heat,  Ac.  The  blood  of  pletw** 
persons  differs  from  healthy  blood  in  the  *n?J* 
ratio  of  water  which  it  contains,  and  especaJJ 
in  the  augmentation  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

The  tendency  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  «■* 
ence,  must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  prop*  ■■» 


PLETHORIC 


083 


PLEURITIS 


exercise,  Ac;  and,  if  the  danger  from  it  be  press- 
ing, by  blood-letting.  This  is,  however,  a  doubt- 
ful remedy  for  general  plethora,  as  it  increases 
hsamatosis. 

Plethora,  Local,  Hyperemia. 

PLETHOR'IC,  PUtho'ricus,  Polya'mic,  Po- 
lyis'micns,  Sanguine,  Sanguineous,  (P.)  PUtho- 
rique.  Same  etymon.  Full  of  blood.  Relating 
to  or  affected  with  plethora. 

PLETHORICUS,  Plethoric 

PLETHORY,  Plethora. 

PLETHOS,  Satiety. 

PLEUMON,  Pulmo. 

PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia. 

PLEURA,  Pleurum,  Pleuro'ma,  'the  side,  a 
rib.'  Membra'na  pleurit'ica  succin'gens  sen  cos- 
tas  succin'gens,  Membra'na  seu  TV n tea  costalis 
seu  suboosta'lis,  Hypopleu'rios,  (F.)  Plivre  ou 
Pleure.  The  pleurae  are  two  thin,  diaphanous, 
perspirable  membranes,  which  line  each  side  of 
the  chest,  and  are  reflected  thenoe  upon  each 
lung.  Liko  all  serous  membranes  —  to  which 
class  they  belong— each  represents  a  sao  without 
aperture.  From  the  junction  of  the  pleura  of 
each  side  the  mediastina  are  formed.  That  por- 
tion of  the*  pleura  which  lines  the  parietes  of  the 
cheat  is  called  Pleura  Costa'lis  ;  the  portion  that 
covers  the  lungs,  Pleura  Pulmona'lis.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  pleura  are  from  the  the  intercostals, 
internal  mammaries,  phrenic,  inferior  thyroid, 
Ac.  The  veins  correspond  with  the  arteries. 
They  are,  also,  supplied  with  lymphatics,  but 
nerves  are  not  traceable  in  them. 

Pleura  is  also  used  for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura, 
Saccus  Pleura. 

PLEURA.    The  sides  of  the  chest 

PLEURAL,  Pleura' lis,  Pleu'ricus,  Pleu'ritea. 
That  which  concerns  the  pleura;  —  as  a  pleural 
fistula ; — pleural  cavity,  pleural  hemorrhage,  Ac. 

PLEURALGIA,  Pleurodyne. 

PLEURAPOPHTSES,  Costae  verse,  see  Costa. 

PLEURAPOSTEMA,  Empyema. 

PLEURARTHROC'ACfi,  from  xXtvpa,  'a  rib,' 
apOpov,  '  a  joint/  and  kuko{,  *  bad.'  Caries  of  the 
ribs. 

PLEURE,  Pleura. 

PLEURESIA,  Pleuritis. 

PLEUIitiSIE,  Pleurisy. 

PLEURESIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURETIQUE,  Pleuritic 

PLEURICUS,  Pleural. 

PLEURIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURISY,  Pleuritis. 

Pleurisy,  Bilious,  Pleuri'tie  bilio'sa.  Pleu- 
risy accompanied  with  bilious  symptoms; — the 
effect  of  duodenitis  or  duodeno-hepatitis. 

Plruriby,  Falsb,  Pleurodynia. 

Pleuri8t,  Head.  A  ridiculous  term,  occa- 
sionally used  by  the  vulgar,  in  the  Southern 
States  especially,  for  bilious  pneumonia  before 
the  pneumoniae  phenomena  are  developed,  and 
whilst  the  head  is  prominently  affected. 

Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Hssmatothorax  — 
p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia — p.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuberosa. 

Pleurisy,  Typhoid,  Pleuri'tie  typhol'dee  seu 
typho'dee  seu  typho'sa.  Pleurisy  accompanied 
by  adynamic  symptoms. 

PLEURITES,  Pleural. 

PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurifieus,  PUuHtHeal,  (F.) 
Pleuritique  /  same  etymon  as  pleuritis.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  pleuritis  —  as  ' pleuritic  pain.' 

PLEURI'TIS,  from  vUvea,  'the  pleura;'  Mor- 
bus later  a' lis,  M.  pleurit'icus,  M.  Costa'lis,  Em- 
pres'ma  Pleuritis,  Pleuris,  Pleure' sis,  Pleure'sia, 
pleuritis  costa'lis  seu  vera,  Pleurit'ica  Febris, 
Cauma  Pleuri'tie,  Passio  pleurit'ica,  Inflamma'tio 
Pleura,  Pleurisy,  Inflammation  of  the  Pleura, 


(F.)  PleurUte,  Filvre  pleuritique,  Inflammation 
de  la  Plivre,  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps 
the  most  violent  of  all  internal  inflammations  is 
the  active  form;  known  by  acute,  lancinating 
pain  in  one  side  of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspi- 
ration, by  coughing,  and  often  by  pressure;  dys- 
pnoea, the  inspirations  short  and  frequent;  cough 
dry,  or  with  little  expectoration;  and  difficulty 
of  lying  on  the  affected  side.  Symptoms,  attend- 
ing the  phlegmasia  in  general,  strongly  marked. 

Physical  Signs.  There  is  seldom  any  percep- 
tible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest  When 
effusion  has  taken  place  to  a  great  extent,  the 
signs  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic  pleurisy. 
The  motion  of  the  affected  Bide  is  diminished, 
and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  cannot  be  detected 
by  the  hand.  There  is  more  or  less  dulness  of 
sound  on  percussion,  the  dulness  diminishing  or 
disappearing  by  chango  of  position.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  inspiration  is  feeble,  distant,  or  inau- 
dible ;  but  change  of  position  modifies  it  Ego- 
phony  is  usually  present  when  the  effusion  is  in 
moderate  quantity,  and  is  best  heard  over  a  por- 
tion of  the  thoracic  parietes,  represented  by  a 
band  of  three  inches,  running  from  below  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  scapula  in  the  direction 
of  the  ribs  to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy 
rarely  attacks  both  sides  at  once :  when  such  is 
the  case,  the  presence  of  tubercles  may  be  sus- 
pected. 

Formerly,  a  true  pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura :  a  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum  ;  and  false  pleurisy 
or  rheumatismal  pleurisy ,  that  which  occupies  the 
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  has  received  the 
name  Pleurodynia;  that  of  pleurisy  being  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  has  also  been  distinguished  into 
dry  and  humid,  according  as  it  is  or  is  not  accom- 
panied by  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist  pleurisy 
is  now  properly  regarded  as  a  complication  of 
pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  It  is  the  catar- 
rhal pleurisy  of  some.  The  majority  of  the  spe- 
cies of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Sauvages,  consist 
of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Chrohic  Pleurisy,  which  has  been  particu- 
larly described  by  Bayle,  Broussnis,  and  Luen- 
riec,  most  commonly  terminates  by  a  serous  or 
purulent  effusion,  which  sometimes  simulates 
hydrothorax;  at  others,  phthisis  pulmonalis.  It 
may  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms;  or 
it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with  small, 
dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering, 
irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of  pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  affected  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless;  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The  tri- 
angular space  above  tho  clavicle  and  the  depres- 
sion immediately  above  the  sternum  are  often 
drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side.  No  vi- 
bration is  experienced  by  the  band  when  the 
patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax  are 
sometimes  oedematous,  and  fluctuation  may  be 
occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  peTCtttu 
8ion  the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  only  so  in  the 
upper  portions  of  the  chest  On  auscultation, 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds  over  the 
affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally  transmitted 
sounds.  There  are  no  physical  signs  that  can 
enable  ns  to  know  whether  pus  or  serum  is  effused 
into  the  chest  The  introduction  of  a  grooved 
needle  through  the  intercostal  space,  as  reoom- 


PLEUROCELE 


684 


PLEXUS 


mvnded  by  Br.  Thomas  Davies,  would  of  course 
settle  the  question. 

On  dissection  of  those  who  hare  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pleura  is  found  thickened,  red,  inflamed, 
and  covered  with  membranous  exudations  or 
false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems  cartilagi- 
nous and  ossified.  Its  cavity  frequently  contains 
serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions. 

The  acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most 
active  treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decided  impression 
on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary.  This 
is  the  most  important  agent  After  the  violence 
of  the  disease  has  been  got  over,  counter-irritants 
will  be  found  highly  beneficial,*  as  well  as  when 
it  has  passed  into  the  chronic  state.  The  cough 
may  be  relieved  by  demulcents. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Pleuri'tib  Vew- 
to'sa,  and  Pringle  that  of  Pleurodynia  Vek- 
to'sa,  to  a  pain  behind  the  false  ribs,  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

Pleuritis  Bronchi alis,  Bronchitis — p.  Cos- 
talis,  PleuritiB  —  p.  Diaphragmatica,  Diaphrag- 
xnitis  —  p.  Humida,  Bronchitis  —  p.  Muscularis, 
Pleurodynia  —  p.  Notha,  Pleurodynia — p.  Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis  —  p.  Pulmonis,  Pleuropneu- 
monia— p.  Rheumatics,  Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria, 
Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria  simulata,  Pleurodynia — 
p.  Typhoides,  see  Pleuritis,  (biliosa)  —  p.  Vera, 
tleuritis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  *\a>p*,  'the  pleura,' 
and  Kt}\ij,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  pleura. 
Hernia  pleu'rica  et  pulmona'lis.  This  name, 
employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate,  as  the  pleura 
never  protrudes  alone.  It  only  forms  a  hernia, 
when  it  serves  as  an  envelope  to  the  lung,  to  tu- 
mours, or  to  purulent  collections,  which  have 
protruded  from  the  thoracic  parietes. 

PLEUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  *X«pa,  'the  pleu- 
ra,' and  KoXXau),  '  I  glue.'  An  adhesion  between 
the  pleura  costal  is  and  pleura  pulmonalis. 

PLEURODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 

PLEURODYNIA,  PlenraVgia,  Pseudo-phu- 
ri'tis,  Pseudo-pleurisy,  Pleiirod'yni,  Autal'gia 
dolorosa,  A  stitch,  Pain  in  the  side,  Stitch  in  the 
aide,  Parapleuritis  ;  Stethorrheu'ma,  Rheumatis'- 
mus  pee' tori*,  Pleuri'tis  rheumat'ica,  P.  musculo.* - 
ris,  P.  spu'ria,  False  Pleurisy,  Rheumat'ie  or 
rheumatis'mal  pleurisy,  Pleuri'tis  notha  sen  &pu'- 
ria  seu  spu'ria  Simula' ta,  Pnenmo'nia  txter'na, 
Lagonop'onos,  Thoracod'yne,  Dolor  Pec'toris  ex- 
ter'nus,  (F.)  Point  de  c6ti,  Douleur  de  c6tS  ;  from 
nXevpa,  'the  side  or  pleura,'  and  oivvri,  'pain.'  A 
spasmodic  or  rheumatic  affection,  generally  seated 
in  the  muscles  of  the  chest,  and,  ordinarily,  in 
the  intercostals.  It  is  usually  augmented  by 
outward  pressure,  inspiration,  coughing,  exer- 
tion, moving  the  thorax,  and  sometimes  even  the 
corresponding  arm.  It  is  unaccompanied  by 
fever,  cough,  or  dyspnoea,  excepting  under  the 
form  of  a  stitch,  when  dyspnoea  exists.  It  is, 
generally,  by  no  means  obstinate,  and  yields 
promptly  to  warm  applications  and  to  cupping 
or  leeches.  If  it  still  resist,  a  blister  will,  almost 
always,  remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Ventosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 

PLEUROMA,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEUROPATHI'A,  from  nXtvpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  va$os,  '  a  disease.'    A  disease  of  the  pleura. 

PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY,  PUuroperi- 
pnevmo'nia,  Pleuropneumonia,  Pneumonoplcure'- 
sis,  Pneumonopleuri'tis,  Pleuritis  pnlmo'nis,  Pneu- 
mo'nt'a  pleuritis.  Inflammation  occupying  the 
pleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same  time.  Pleurisy 
and  peripneumony  existing  simultaneously.  Phy- 
sical signs.  A  dull  sound  is  yielded  by  percus- 
sion for  a  variable  extent  over  the  more  depen- 


dent portions  of  the  affected  side.  The  loss  ef 
sound  is  partially  modified  by  change  of  position. 
The  respiratory  murmur  on  auscultation  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  inferiorly ;  higher  up,  the  crepi- 
tation or  bronchial  respiration  of  pneumonia  may 
be  detected ;  round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  near 
the  inferior  angle  of  the  scapula,  egophony  i* 
generally  present.  There  is  seldom  much  en- 
largement of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement 
of  the  adjacent  organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple 
chronic  pleurisy. 

PLEUROPNEUMA,  Pneumathorax. 

PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuroperipoes- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMONITIS,  PleuroperipM* 
mony. 

PLEUROPYESIS,  Empyema. 

PLEURORRHCE'A,  from  wXnpa,  'the  ad*,' 
and  pa*,  '  I  flow.'  Accumulation  of  fluid  in  the 
pleura. 

Pleuorrhcea  Chylosa,  Chylothorax— p-Ljn- 
phatica,  Hydrothorax  —  p.  Purulent*,  Empyema 
— p.  Sanguinea,  Hesmatothorax — p.  Serosa,  By- 
drothorax. 

PLEURORTHOPNCE'A,  from  rtasc  'the 
side,'  opSos,  *  erect,'  and  *ve«,  '  I  respire.'  Pais 
of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the  patient  to 
breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical  position. 

PLEUROSO'MUS,  from  wJUvp,  'ride.'  aaJ 
rfc/ia,  '  body.'  A  malformation  in  which  the  fis- 
sure is  somewhat  lateral,  with  eventration  ex- 
tending chiefly  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men and  upon  the  chest;  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  fissured  side  being  more  or  less  atrophia!. 
— Vogel. 

PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from  rXct-pa,  'the  plena/ 
and  oorcov,  '  a  bone.'  Ossification  of  the  plein> 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.     OsteopUu'ria. 

PLEUROTETANUS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Pleurot'onas,  Pk«+ 
tet'anus,  Tetanus  lateralis,  from  rXcvpota,  '1st* 
rally,'  and  rovos,  'tension.'  A  variety  of  tetania, 
in  which  *  the  body  is  curved  laterally  by  *** 
stronger  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  sk 
of  the  body. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEURUM,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PL$VRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIM'BTER,  Plexom'eter,  Plegc**** 
Plessim'eter,  from  wXijvev,  '  I  strike,'  and  scrp> 
'  measure,' '  a  measure  of  percussion.'  An  iy«I 
plate  of  a  circular  or  ovoid  shape,  from  an  ia<i 
and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  diameter,  and  abett 
one-sixth  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  has  «th* 
a  raised  rim  or  edge,  or  projecting  handles  on  i* 
upper  side,  to  permit  its  being  held  between  the 
finger  and  thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it » 
struck  with  the  right  It  is  used  in  pcres**08 
of  the  chest.  A  piece  of  metal,  a  coin,  or  tai 
finger  of  the  left  hand  may  be  used  with  eqtal 
advantage. — See  Percussion,  mediate. 

PLEXOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLEXOR,  from  irXir«rw,  *I  strike.'  Ph*«- 
Any  instrument  employed  in  percussion.  Tss 
ends  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  brought  to- 
gether aro  the  best  plexor;  as  the  finger  of  th* 
left  is,  perhaps,  the  best  pleximeter, 

PLEXUS,  Plegma,  Plcc'tani,  Planh  i?«fe,fro« 
pleeto,  'I  interlace,'  'I  entwine.'  (F.)  Laei*.  A 
network  of  blood  vessels  or  of  nerves.  The  n**** 
ous  plexuses,  Implicatio'ne*  reticula'res  seu  ?"«• 
tus  nervorum  belong  —  some  to  the  system  of  *•* 
cephalic  nerves — others  to  that  of  the  great  sym- 
pathetic; whilst  some,  as  the  pharyngeal,  K** 
to  be  formed  of  the  two  sets.  The  plexuses  is* 
present  complex  networks,  with  more  or  1<* 


PLICA 


085 


PLUMBI 


loose  meshes,  formed  by  the  numerous  and  diver- 
sified anastomoses  of  the  nervous  filaments j  from 
which  proceed  other  branches,  that  are  distri- 
buted to  organs,  or  to  other  plexuses. 

Plexus,  Cardiac,  .Cardiac  plexus — p.  Carotid, 
see  Carotid  nerve  —  p.  Choroides,  see  Choroid — 
p.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament— p.  Cceliaque,Coet\\hO 
plexus — p.  Coronarius  ventrlculi,  Gastric  plexus 
— p.  Coronary,  see  Cardiac  plexus,  and  Coronary 
plexus  —  p.  Gangliformis  semilunaris,  Cceliac 
plexus — p.  Ganglioformes,  Ganglions,  nervous — 
p.  Glandiform  eg,  Ganglions,  nervous — p.  Glandu- 
losi  Peyeri,  Peyeri  glandulae  —  p.  Hederaceus, 
Corpus  pampiniforme  —  p.  HepaUous,  Hepatic 
plexus — p.  Infra-thyroideal,  see  Thyroideal  veins 
—p.  Lombo-abdominal,  Lumbar  plexus  —  p.  Me- 
dian, Coelio  plexus  —  p.  Mesenterii  proprius  et 
maximus,  Coeliao  plexus  —  p.  Nervorum  anBeri- 
nus,  Facial  nerve — p.  Opistogastrique,  Cceliac 
plexus — p.  Pampiniformis,  Corpus  pampiniforme 
— p.  Pharyngeal,  see  Pharyngeal  nerve — p.  Pneu- 
mogastricu8,  see  Pneumogastric  nerves — p.  Reti- 
formis,  Corpus  cavernosum  vaginae — p.  Reticula- 
ris, Bulbus  vestibuli,  Choroides  plexus — p.  Solar, 
Coeliao  plexus  —  p.  Soue-mesenUrique,  Hypogas- 
tric plexus — p.  Teeticulaire,  Spermatio  plexus — 
p.  Trachilo-eou*-cutanit  Cervical  plexus — p.  Vas- 
culosis funiculi  spermatid  pampiniformis,  Cor- 
pus pampiniforme. 

PLICA,  from  plicari,  l  to  be  knit  together/ 
Tricho'eis  plica,  Tricko'ma,  Tricce,  T.  Incuborum, 
T.  Scrofo'rum,  Plica  Pohnica,  J\  Polon'ica  Ju- 
da'ica,  P.  Cackec'tica,  P.  Saxon'ica,  Affee'tio 
JSarmat'ica,  Matted  hair.  Plaited  hair,  Trichom'- 
atote  hair,  Lues  Sarmat'ica,  L.  Polon'ica,  L.  Tri- 
ckomat'ica,  Helo'tie,  Helo'tie,  Oir'ragra,  Cir'rka- 
gra,  G.  Polono'rum,  Ecpky'ma  tricko'ma,  Morbus 
Cirrko'rum,  Plica  caput  Medu'em,  Plica  longi- 
cau'da  later  a' lis,  Coma  Cc&sa'rea,  Kolto,  Rkopa- 
lo'sis,  Plica' tio,  Plicatu'ra,  (P.)  Plique,  P.  Polo- 
naise. A  disease  endemio  in  Poland,  Lithuania, 
•  and  other  parts  of  Northern  Europe ;  so  called 
on  account  of  its  being  characterised  by  inter- 
lacing, twisting,  and  agglutination  or  matting  of 
the  hair.  By  some  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
disease;  by  others,  as  the  want  of  attention  to 
cleanliness.  However  this  may  be,  it  generally 
appears  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but  sometimes 
in  that  of  other  parts,  as  the  beard,  the  hair  on 
the  axilla,  pubes,  Ac.  Alibert  admits  three  spe- 
cies of  plica.  1.  Plica  multiform' it  or  Plica 
caput  Medu'em,  in  which  the  hairs  are  mixed  and 
agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  masses ;  and  this 
has  been  again  subdivided  into  two  varieties,  ac- 
cording as  the  meshes  are  almost  straight  (A  C. 
If.  lacinia'ta,  (F.)  Plique  en  lanilree)  or  much 
twisted  (F.)  P.  en  vrilles.)  2.  Plica  longi- 
eau'da,  (F.)  Plique  eolitaire  ou  d  queue;  when 
the  hair  is  united  into  a  single  long  mass,  and 
3.  Plica  ceepito'ea,  (F.)  Plique  en  manse,  in 
which  the  hairs  are  matted  into  one  large,  shape- 
less mass.  Pinel  places  this  disease  amongst 
the  Cutaneoue  phlegmasia  ;  but  it  is  far  from  de- 
monstrated, that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation 
of  the  skin.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the 
tangling  of  the  hair  is  symptomatic  of  an  affec- 
tion — eui  generis — of  the  dermoid  system.  The 
Idea  that  it  is  entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness, 
as  has  been  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 

Plica,  Plectane  —  p.  Cachectica,  Pnca — p. 
Caput  Medusa,  Plica — p.  Longicauda  lateralis, 
Plica — p.  Lunata,  Valvula  semilunaris  —  p.  Po- 
lonica  Judaica,  Plica — p.  Saxonica,  Plica — p. 
Semilunaris,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLICATURA,  Plica. 

PLICATURJB  CEREBRI,  Gyri  cerebri. 

PLICH08,  Perinaeum. 


PLIN'THIUM,  *Xiv$«w.  A  machine  invented 
by  one  Nileus,  which  was  formerly  employed  in 
the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations.  Scul- 
tetus  describes  it  in  his  Armamentarium  Chirur- 
gicum. 

PLIQUE,  Plica— p.  Polonaiee,  Plica. 

PLOCARIA  CANDIDA,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

PLOMB,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB,  (F.)  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeure,  engaged  in 
emptying  them.    . 

PLOMB,  ACETATE  ACME  DE,  Plumbi 
superacetas — p.  Blanc,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbona* — p.  Carbonate  de, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Chlorure  de,  Plumbi 
chloridum — p.  Iodure  de,  Plumbi  iodidum —  ». 
y Urate  de,  Plumbi  nitras  — p.  Oxide  de,  fonau, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum— -p.  Oxide  rouge  de, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — p.  Oxide  eemi-vitreux 
de,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLOMBAQ1NE,  Graphites. 

PLOMBlSRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
Fontee  medica'ti  Plumba'rii,  Thermal  Plumbaria. 
Plombilres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
Vosges,  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  two  from 
Remiremont  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Saponaceous 
(F.)  Savonneuse,  is  formed  of  the  subcarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica, 
carbonate  of  lime,  and  much  vegeto-animal  mat- 
ter. This  last  component,  when  held  in  solution 
by  means  of  the  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gives  to 
the  water  an  unctuous  character.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  Plombteres 
are  employed  as  solvents  in  engorgements  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  and  as  alteratives  in  chronic 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

PLORATIO,  Lachrymatio. 

PLORATUS,  Lachrymatio. 

PLOTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLUGGING  [&w.)Plugg,  (F.)  TamponnemenU 
The  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  introduction  of 
a  plug  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or  natural  ca- 
vity— as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  arrest  hemor- 
rhage ;  or  of  somo  substance  into  a  carious  tooth 
to  prevent  toothache. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Prunus  domestic*— p.  Assy- 
rian, Sebestina. 

PLUMA,  Lanugo. 

PLUM  ACE AU,  Pledget 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget 

PLUM  ASS  EAU,  Pledget 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria. 

Plumba'go  Europje'a,  P.  lapathifo'lia  sen  wn- 
dula'ta,  Denta'ria,  CrepaneVla,  Squama'ria,  Den- 
tela'ria,  Leadwort,  (F.)  Dentelaire,  Herbe  au 
Cancer,  Family,  Plumbaginea).  Sex.  Syet.  Pen- 
tan  dria  Monogynia.  The  root  was  formerly 
much  esteemed  as  a  cure  for  the  toothache,  like  the 
Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which  is  also  called  DeiUaria. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS,  P.  superacetas— p.  Aoetas 
dilutum  alcoholicum,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus  —  p.  Acidulus  siccus,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— p.  Carbonas,  P.  Suboarbonas. 

Plumbi  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  Lead,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Plomb.  This  salt  of  lead  has  been 
used  in  the  form  of  lotion  and  ointment  in  can- 
cerous ulcerations. 

Plumbi  Dkutoxydum  Rubrum,  P.  oxydum, 
rubrum — p.  Hydriodas,  P.  Iodidum  —  p.  Iodhy- 
flras,  P.  Iodidum. 

Plumbi  Iod'idum,  Plumbi  Iodure* turn  sen  By- 
dri'odas  sen  HydroVodas  seu  Iodhydrae,  Plum* 
bum  ioda'tum  seu  Eydroiod'icum,  Todide  or  Iod'- 
uret  of  Lead,  (F.)  Iodure  de  Plomb,  Iodure 
plombique.  This  salt  is  formed  by  the  double 
decomposition  of  iodide  of  potattium  and  nitrite 


PIMPLE 


676 


pinus 


•ad  resolvent,  as  well  as  in  erysipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  Ac. 

Pimpinella  Major,  P.  magna — p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna — p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga—  p.  Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba  officinalis — p.  Rubra,  P.  magna. 

Pimpikella  Saxif'raga,  Sax'ifrage,  Burnet 
tax' if  rage,  Pole' Hum  sanguisor'ba,  Sorbastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'num,  T.  saxif'raga,  Pitnpinel'la  hirci'na 
aeu  wnbellif'era  sen  alba  seu  nostra*,  (F.)  Sou- 
cage  mineur,  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle.  The  root  has 
an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pungent  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  recommended  as  a  stomachic ; 
and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in  paralysis  of  the 
tongue. 

Pimpinella  Umbellifera,  P.  saxifraga. 

PIMPLE,  Papula. 

PIMPLED,  Papulose. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimplnella  saxifraga—  p. 
Noire,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  pennum,  low  Latin;  or 
from  epina;  Spina  feir'rea,  Acve  capita' ta,  (F.) 
ipingle.  An  iron  or  brass  instrument,  generally 
of  a  small  Bize,  pointed  at  one  extremity,  and 
having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is  used,  in  Sur- 
gery, to  fix  rollers  and  dressings ;  and  occasion- 
ally in  sutures. 

PIN  1  PIONON,  see  Pinus  picea. 

PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum. 

PINASTER,  Pinus  sylvestxis. 

PINCJ6,  Pinched. 

PINCE  LITHODRASSIQUE,  see  Litho- 
drassic. 

PINCEE,  Pugfflus. 

PINCERS,  Forceps. 

PINCETTES,  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contractus,  (F.)  Pincf,  Orippi. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when  the  features 
are  contracted  or  shrunken ;  as  in  violent  abdo- 
minal affections,  or  during  intense  pain. 

PINOKNE'YA  PUBENS,  P.  Pubescent, 
Georgia  Bark,  Bitter  Bark,  Florida  Bark,  Fever 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
euro  of  intermittent*,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.    Dose  of  the  powder,  3J. 

PINDARS,  Arachis  Hypogea. 

PINE  APPLE,  Bromelia  ananas— p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra — p.  Ground,  Lycopodium 
oomplanatum — p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphoros- 
ma  Monspeliaca — p.  Mountain,  see  Pinos  mughos 
— p.  Mugho,  see  Pinus  mughos — p.  Sap,  Ameri- 
can, Hypopitys  lanuginosa— p.  Stone,  Pinus  pi- 
nea — p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root. 

PINEA,  Pinus  pinea. 

PINE'AL,  Pinea'lie,  from  pinus,  'a  pine.' 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Olandula  pinea'lie,  Cerebral 
epiph'ysis,  Cona'rium,  Conoi'dee  corpus,  Penis 
eer'ebri,  Corpus  turbina'tum,  Virga  seu  Turbo 
eer'ebri,  is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape ;  pale 
red  or  grayish  colour;  and  soft  consistence;  situ- 
ate between  the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
gemina.  It  almost  always  contains  sabulous  par- 
ticles, Sab'ulum  cona'rii :  when  these  are  grouped 
together  over  the  base  of  the  gland,  they  form 
the  Acer'vulus  eer'ebri  of  Sommering,  A.  seu 
LapU'li  glan'dufa  pinea'lie.  From  its  anterior 
part  arise  two  medullary  striae,  which  proceed 
over  the  posterior  commissure ;  coast  along  the 
optic  chaiami,  and  unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of 
tht  fornix, — the  habe'nm  or  reins  of  the  pineal 
gland. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknown, 
liescartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 

PINBI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEU8  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINGUECULA,  Pterygium  pingue  sen  lar- 


da'ceum,  from  pinguis,  'fat,'  'fatty/  A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva and  subjacent  areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of  the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
neously, to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUE'DO,  Fatr-p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  P.  alpi'na,  &r- 
nic'ula  monta'na,  S.  Eboraeen'sie,  Vi'ola  pal—9. 
trie,  Dodeeatk'eon  Plin'ii,  Butter-wort,  Yorkshire 
San'icle.  Family,  Personnel*.  Sex*  Syst.  Dian- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  unctuosity  of  this  plant 
has  caused  it  to  be  applied  to  chaps,  and  as  a  po- 
matum to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the  leaves,  in 
broths,  are  used  by  the  common  people  in  Wales 
as  a  cathartic. 

PINGUID,  Fatty. 

PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pupil,  pinhole. 

PINHONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  cures*. 

PINE,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  MarOandica. 

Pink  Dye.  Stripped  saffiower,  Jj,  enbearb.  of 
potass,  gr.  xviy,  spirit  of  wine .  SJvij  ;  digest  for 
two  hours ;  add  distilled  water  gy :  digest  for  two 
hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or  lemon 
juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour.  Used 
as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginica — p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica — p.  Wild,  Silene  Virginica. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear— p.  Marina, 
see  Bissus. 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GTJTTUKALIS> 
Uvula. 

PINNA  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver —p. 
Naris,  see  Nasus. 

PINNULA,  Aileron. 

PINNULiB  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver. 

PINO'LL  (S.)  A  preparation  used  for  subsist- 
ence on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  fine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drunk  ea 
the  march.  It  ia  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indue*, 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PlftONCILLO  TREE,  Castiliognia  lobata. 

PINUS  A'BIES,  P.  exce'lsa  sen  picea,  A'bim, 
Abies  rubra  seu  excelsa  seu  picea,  Ml' ate  theHeC*. 
Pice'a,  Norway  Spruce  Fir,  Yew-leaved  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Conifers.  Sex,  Syst.  Mono»cia  Moas- 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Sprtxt 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Essen'txa  Abie' tie,  is  a  fluid 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  8pr*c* 
Beer. 

This  fir  affords  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  eoss- 
mon  frankincense.  1.  Bur1  gundy  Pitch,  Whits 
pitch,  Pix  Burgun'dica,  Pix  alba,  Rcei'na  aUt- 
tie  hu'mida,  Resi'na  alba  humida,  Pint  abie'trt 
resina  sponti  concre'ta,  Pix  ar'ida,  Pix  ahietTn*, 
P.  abietis  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  (F.)  Poix  blanche,  Peix 
grasse,  P.  jaune,  P.  de  Bourgogne.  This  pre- 
pared concrete  'juice  is  of  a  close  consisteBae, 
rather  soft,  of  a  reddish-brown  colour,  and  act 
unpleasant  smell.  It  is  very  adhesive  to  tht 
skin ;  and,  consequently,  forms  excellent  plastea 
for  remaining  upon  the  part  for  some  time;— ai 
in  oases  of  affections  of  the  chest  2.  Abie't* 
Resi'na,  (Ph.  L.  since  1809.)  Thus,  Cemmm 
Frankincense,  Perroein,  Thus  fotminCnum,  T. 
vulga'rl,  Olib'anum  vulgari  seu  syfoet'tr*,  Besiam 
abietis  sicca,  Resin  of  the  Spruce  fir.  Ii  is 
solid,  dry,  brittle;  externally,  browniah-yellev: 
internally,  whitish.  Used  in  plasters  like  ths 
last 

Puree  Abies,  see  P.  picea— p.  Alba,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Balsam*/ a,  A'bim  balsam***  sou  bed- 


PINUS 


677 


PIPER 


aamjfera,  Peu'cea  balsame'a.  The  trie  which 
affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Baleamum  Cana- 
den' si  sea  de  (hn'ada,  Resina  etrobili'na,  Tere- 
binth'ina  Canaden'sis,  Pint  balsame'a,  Canada 
Turpentine  or  Balsam,  Balaam  of  Fir,  (F.)  Baume 
de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  turpentines.  It 
has  the  common  properties  of  those  substances. 

Pinus  Canadensis,  Abies  Canadensis,  Hem- 
lock Spruce,  A  tree,  whioh  is  abundant  in  Ca- 
nada, Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern  parts 
of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  elevated 
and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle  States. 
The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada  Pitch,  Hem- 
lock Pite  A— -obtained  from  it  is  commonly  known 
under  the  name  Hemlock  Gum. 

Pinus  Candicans,  P.  Picea. 

Pinus  Cembra,  P.  Monta'na,  Aphernous'li 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine:— the  Carpathian  Balsam,  Bal'samum  Oar- 
path'icum,  B.  Lib'ani,  Carpath'icum,  Briancon 
Tur'pentine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'dei  Cem- 
bra, have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oiL  The 
shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athie  Bamarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Bamarra. tur- 
pentine. 

Pinus  Excelsa,  P.  abies— p.  Gallica,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Lasix  A'bies  larix,  Larix,  L^mmu'- 
nis  sen  deeid'ua  seu  Europa'a  sen  pyrmrkda'li*. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Mil&ze.  From  this  tree  exudes 
Or'emberg  gum,  Bri'ancon  manna,  Oummi  lar'icia 
sen  Oremburgen'si  seu  Uralen'si,  Manna  Brigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring,  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Retina  Lar'icia,  Terebin- 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pini  Lar'icia  reai'na 
liq'uida,  (F.)  TMbcnthine  de  Viniee,  M.  de  M4- 
Uxe.  It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

Pinus  Muohos.  The  Mountain  or  Mugho  Pine, 
Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  exudes  the  Resina  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balaam.  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.  By  dis- 
tillation, the  Hungarian  balsam  affords  the  Krum- 
holz  oil,  Oleum  Templinum. 

Pinus  Palustris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pice'a,  P.  Abies,  A'bies,  A.  pice' a 
seu  pectina'ta  seu  Oal'lica  seu  alba  seu  can'di- 
cana  seu  vulga'ria  seu  taxifo'lio,  European  Sil- 
ver Fir  Tree,  El'ate,  (F.)  Sapin  commun.  By 
piercing  the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the 
Straeburg  Turpentine  is  obtained :  —  the  Reai'na 
Abie'tis,  (Ph.  L.  before  1809,)  Oleum  Abietis,  Te- 
rebinth'ina  Argentoraten'eie. 

Pinus  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

Pinus  Pi'nea,  Stone  Pine,  Pinea,  Pinus,  P. 
uberrima  seu  sati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nuts, 
Pine  nuta,  Nu'clei  Pi'nea,  Pinei,  Pine'oli,  (F.) 
Pin  d  pignona,  are  eaten  raw,  or  preserved  like 
almonds.    They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos — p.  Sativa, 
P.  pinea. 

Pinus  Sylves'tris,  Pinaster,  Peucl,  Scotch 
Fir.  This  pine,  as  well  as  P.  marit'ima,  (P. 
Pxnaste\)  and  other  species  of  Pinus,  affords 
common  turpentine  and  its  oil,  resin,  tar,  and 
pitch.  1.  Common  Turpentine  of  Europe,  Tere- 
binth'ina,  T.  vulga'ris,  T.  commit' nis,  Resina  pini, 
Bijon,  Horse  Turpentine,  Bordeaux  Turpentine, 
(I\)  Ttribinthine  de  Bordeaux,  Tiribinthine  com- 
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
weather.  It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for 
wounds,  Ac,  in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of 
the  oil,  (see  Oleum  Terebinthinse.)  The  white 
Turpentine,  or  common  Turpentine  of  America — 
Terebinth' ina,  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  produced  chiefly 
from  Pinus  palustris  and  P.  tada,  and  perhaps 


from  other  species  inhabiting  the  Southern 
States.  When  the  oil  is  distilled  with  water, 
yellow  resin,  or  Rosin,  (Reai'na,  Ph.  U.  S.) — Re- 
sina Jlava — is  left,  which  is  only  used  in  the  form- 
ation of  ointments  and  plasters :  if  without  the 
addition  of  water,  the  residuum  is  common  resin 
or  Colophony.  2.  When  the  cold  begins  to  cheek 
the  exudation  of  the  common  turpentine,  part  of 
it  concretes  in  the  wounds.  This  is  called,  in 
France,  Gallipot,  Barras;  and  White  Rosin,  Re- 
sina alba,  when  hardened  after  long  exposure  to 
the  air.  3.  When  the  old  trees  are  subjected  to 
distillation,  in  a  coarse  manner,  Tar  is  obtained 
—  Hygropiseoa,  Piaaa,  Pix  ce'dria,  Reai'na  pini 
empyreumat'iea  liq'uida,  Terebinth'ina  empyreu- 
mat'ica,  Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  Pix  W- 
quida,  (F.)  Ooudron,  Brai  liquide.  Tar  water, 
Aqua  Picea,  A.  Picis,  Infu'sum  Picis  liq'uidm 
seu  Picis  empyreumatica  liquids,  Po'tio  pice' a, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Ooudron,  was,  at  one  time,  a  fa- 
shionable remedy  in  numerous  complaints,  and 
its  use  has  been  revived,  since  its  virtues  have 
been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  oreasote.  It  is 
employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
the  vapour  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
and  other  diseases  of  the  lungs.  It  is  used  ex- 
ternally as  a  detergent.  4.  Common  Pitch,  Pix 
nigra,  Black  Pitch,  Burnea,  Burnia,  Stone  Pitch, 
Pix  eicca,  P.  atra,  P.  nava'lie,  Topissa,  Palim- 
pie'aa,  P.  ar'ida  (Ph.  L.  before  1809),  (F.)  Poua 
navale,  P.  noire,  is  obtained  by  inspissating  tax. 
It  is  used  only  as  a  resolvent  in  plasters. 

Pinus  Tjeda,  see  P.  sylvestris  —  p.  Taxifolia, 
P.  picea — p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea — p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  picea. 

PIONE,  Pasonia. 

PIONY,  Psoonia, 

PIORTHOPN<EA,  Pimelorthopncea. 

P10  UL Q  UES.  ( F.)  A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louie,  for  extracting  water  that  had 
entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

PIPER,  see  Piper  nigrum. 

Piper  Album  Leucopiper,  White  Pepper,  is 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  AuausTiFOLiuM,Matico — p.Aromaticum, 
P.  nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilianum, Capsi- 
cum annuum — p.  Calecutioum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

Piper  Capen'sb,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.  It 
possesses,  too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  Cartoprtllatum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Caudatum,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapsa,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  Cubeb'a,  Per'aea  cubeba,  Laurus  cubeba, 
Litsasa  cubeba  seu  piperi'ta.  A  native  of  Java 
and  Guinea.  The  odour  of  these  berries  —  Cu- 
beba, Com'peper,  Compeba,  Cubal  eini,  Piper  Cau- 
da'turn,  Bacca  Piperis  glabri,  Cubeb  Pepper, 
Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'mue,  (F.)  Poivre-d-queue, 
Quabebe  —  is  aromatic ;  taste  at  first  cooling,  af- 
terwards pungent  The  active  principle  is  an 
essential  oil — Oleum  Cubeba,  oil  of  cubebs  — 
which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  The  pro- 
perties of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant  and  purgative. 
It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea,  Dose,  from  Jj  to 
3j,  in  powder,  three  or  four  times  a  day ;  of  the 
volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

'  Turkey  yellow  berries/ — the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Rhamnue  Catharticus  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Guineense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His* 
panioum,  Capsicum  —p.  Indicum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum— p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Longum,  Macrop'iper,  Acapat'li,  Catu* 
trip'ali,  Pim'pilim,   Long  Pepper,   (F.)  Poivrs 


PNEUMONIC 


688 


PNCRTJM 


disease  which  we  can  always  subdue.  Great  ex- 
tent of  inflammation  ;  very  considerable  oppres- 
sion ;  orthopnea*,  and  difficult  expectoration  are 
unfavourable  nyinpioms.  The  most  active  treat- 
ment is  of  course  necessary.  General  bleeding 
forms  the  sheet-anchor, — employed  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  on  the  system,  and  repeated, 
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating 
doses  of  antimonials ;  purgatives ;  and  when  the 
violence  of  the  inflammation  has  been  got  under, 

—  counter-irritants,  Ac.  Chronio  pneumonia 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute,  and,  at  others, 
occurs  accidentally.  It  muet  be  managed  on 
general  principles.  Small  bleedings,  especially 
locally;  and  counter-irritants  of  all  kinds  are 
indicated. 

Pnrumoxia  Biliosa,  P.  bilious. 

Pse  umoni  A,  Bilious,  Pneumo'nia  bilio'ta,  Pneu- 
mocholo'M.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accom- 
panied by  gastrio  fever,  and  not  nnoommonly  by 
typhoid  symptoms ;  —  Pnevmotyphus,  Pneumo'nia 
typhoVdet  sen  typho'det  sou  typho'ta,  Putrid,  ty- 
phoid, adynamic,  or  ery«ipel'atou$  pneumo'nia. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious  —  p. 
Gangrenosa,  Necropneumonia — p.  Hypostatic*, 
Pneumonypostasis — p.  Intermittens,  Pneumoty- 
posis — p.  Lobular,  see  Lobular — p.  Notha,  Peri- 
pneumonia notha — p.  Pleuritis,  Pleuropneumonia 
— p.  Putrid,  P.  bilious  — p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious 

—  p.  Typhoid,  P.  bilious— p.  Typhosa,  P.  bilious, 
Necropneumonia — p.  Vesicular,  Bronchitis,  vesi- 
cular. 

PNEUMONIC,  Pulmonic 

PNEUMON'ICA.  Diseases  affecting  the  lungs, 
their  membranes  or  motive  power  ;  characterised 
by  irregular,  impeded,  or  painful  respiration. 
The  second  order  of  the  class  Pneumatic*  of 
Good. 

PNEUMONIC'ULA,  diminutive  of  pneumonia. 
A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMONICUS,  Pulmonic 


PNEUMONIE,  Pneumonia  —p.  Dtmininie, 
ular— p. 
melonnie,  see  Lobular. 


i  Lobula 


.  Lobulaire,  see  Lol 


p.  iMmtm 
DDular— p. 


Ma- 


PNEUMONIB  DES  AOONISANTS,  Pneu- 
monie  hypoetatique.  The  hyperssmie  engorge- 
ment, which  takes  place  in  the  lungs  during  the 
last  moments  of  life,  has  been  so  termed.  It 
would  seem  to  be  hyperemia  rather  than  inflam- 
mation. 

PNEUMONIT'IC,  Pneumonificue.  Of,  or  be- 
longing to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMONITIS,  Pneumonia. 

PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  xvnpmv, 
'the  lung,'  and  xapnwpa,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOCE'Lfi,  from «ra»«v,  'the  lung/ 
and  cifXir,  'rupture/    Hernia  of  the  lung. 

Pnbumonoce'le  Diaphragmatic  a  Intir'na. 
Hernia  of  the  lung  through  the  diaphragm. 

Pneumonocele  Exter'na  sen  Thorac"ica, 
Hernia  through  the  parietes  of  the  chest. 

Pneumonocele  Thoracica,  Pn.  externa. 

PNEUMONCEDEMA,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOMELANOSIS,  see  Melanosis. 

PNEUMONOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMONOPHTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMONOPLEDRESIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
ttony. 

PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
uiony. 

PNEUMONORRHAGIA,  Haemoptysis. 

PNEUMONORRHCEA,  Hsemoptysis. 

PNEUKONOSCIR'RHUS,  from  irwvftwv,  'the 
lung,1  and  vicippos,  'induration.'  Induration  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOSES,  Pneumoe-, 


PNEUMONT,  Pneumonia. 
PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS,  Pneumo'nia  hypo, 
ataficcu    Pneumonia  in  a  depending  portion  of 
the  lung,  caused  by  lying  on  the  back. 

PNE UMOPJSbICARDE,  Pneumo  -  pericar- 
dium. 

PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,  Pnenmo-peri- 
cardi'tie,  (P.)  Pncumo-pfricardc,  from  xrtvp*, 
'air/  and  vtpucapdiov,  'pericardium.'  Laeanee 
designates,  under  this  name,  the  effusion  of  air 
into  the  cavity  of  the  pericardium. 

PNEUMOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMOPHTMATA,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOPLEURESIS,Pleuroperipneumony. 

PNEUMOPTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMORRHAGIA,  Hmmoptysis  —  p.  In- 
terna,  Hssmatothorax. 

PNEUMOSEPSIS,  Necropneumonia. 

PNEUMOSES,  from  mvfiwv,  'the  lung.'  A 
term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every  mor- 
bid affection  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOTHORAX,  Pneumatho'rax,  Pnem- 
matotho'rax,  Emphyte'ma  pee' tori*,  Asthma  aeri- 
urn,  A.  emphytemat'icum,  bynpnez'a  pneumatic*, 
D.  phytothorac"iea,  Phyothorax,  Airothorar, 
Ahropteurie  ( Piorry ),  from  wtvpa,  'air/  and 
£wpa{,  'the  thorax.'  An  accumlation  of  air  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  A  complaint  generally 
sudden  in  its  invasion  and  fatal  in  its  character. 
In  many  instances,  along  with  the  air,  a  liquid  is 
effused, — Hydropneumotkorax.  The  disease  may 
be  spontaneous  and  simple,  but  in  a  large  pro- 
portion of  oases  it  is  complicated  with  pleurisy 
and  pulmonary  tubercles.  The  signs  vary  ac- 
cording as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communication 
between  the  pleura  and  the  bronchia.  The  af- 
fected side  gives  a  hollow,  tympanitic  sound, 
even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax  is  great  When  the  effusion  is  consider- 
able, the  affected  side  is  dilated,  but  there  is  no 
r&le  of  any  kind.  When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 
effusion  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 
on  pereussion  is  found  to  be  clear  at  the  superior 
part  of  the  thorax,  but  dull  inferiorly ;  hence,  by 
varying  the  position  of  the  patient,  and  by  con- 
sequence that  of  the  contained  fluids,  the  seats 
of  the  clear  and  the  dull  sound  will  be  varied. 
When  the  gaseous  effusion  is  owing  to  a  fistulous 
communication  between  the  pleura  and  bronchia, 
the  metallic  respiration  and  resonance  are  heard; 
and  if  there  be  both  gaseous  and  liquid  effusion, 
with  a  fistulous  communication,  in  addition  to 
these  signs  there  is  the  tintement  mftallique.  The 
presence  of  liquid  can  always  be  ascertained  by 
sucoussion.    See  Emphrysema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOT'OMY,  Pneumotom'ia,  from  *m»- 
jiav,  'the  lung,'  and  rqivu,  'I  out.'  Dissection 
of  the  lungs. 

PNEOMOTYPHUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PNEUMOTYPO'818,  Pneimo'nia  intermit- 
tent, from  wivftvv,  'the  lung/  and  rvm>f,  'a 
stamp,  a  type'  Pneumonia  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

PNEUOBIOMANTIA,  Doelmasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS,Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSI0BI08C0PE,  Dooimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIS,  Respiration— p.  Pertussis,  Pertus- 
sis— p.  Singultus,  Singultus  —  p.  Tussis,  Tussis. 

PNEUSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNIGALION,  Incubus. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNIGOPHOBIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Suffocation. 

PNIX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNOE,  Aura. 

PNGSUM.  A  nostrum  of  Dr.  Samuel  Hahne- 
mann, the  founder  of  the  'Homoeopathic  System,* 
which  consisted — it  is  said  —  of  borax  only ! 


PNOOCOLYTICUS 


080 


POISON 


PNOOCOLYTICUS,  Asthmatic 

POOHE  DES  EA  UX,  see  Liquor  Amnii,  and 
Parturition. 

POCK,  from  Tout  pocca,  'pock  or  little 
pouch.'    A  pustule  of  smallpox. 

Pock,  Ki*e,  Vaccina. 

POCKFRETTEN,  see  Poekmark. 

POCKHOLE,  Poekmark. 

POCKMARK,  Pockhole,  Scrobie'nliu  Vart'oUt, 
Oica'trix  Variola.  The  mark  or  pit  or  pitting 
left  from  a  smallpox  pustule.  One  pitted  with 
smallpox  is  said  to  be  pockfretten. 

POCKY.  Infected  with,  or  appertaining  to, 
or  resembling,  smallpox  or  syphilis. 

POO'ULUM  ABSINTHIA'TUM:  This  was 
regarded,  in  remote  ages,  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage ;  the  absinthium,  or  '  wormwood/  being  sup- 
posed to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

Poculum  Amatoricm,  Philter  —  p.  Diogenis, 
Palm — p.  Emeticum,  Goblet,  emetic. 

POD' A  OR  A,  Podarthri'tie,  Podorrkeu'ma,  Po- 
daVgia,  from  vovs,  '  the  foot,'  and  aypa,  '  seizure.' 
Pain  which  attacks  the  feet.  Gout,  situate  in  the 
articulations  of  the  foot  It  has,  also,  been  used 
in  a  more  extensive  signification  synonymously 
with  gout. 

Podagra  Aberraks,  Gout,  (wandering)  —  p. 
Arthritis,  Gout — p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum  podagraria — p. 
JSgopodium,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

PODAGRIC,  Podcufrical,  Podag'ricv;  Ar- 
thrit'icus,  Arthritic,  Gouty,  (F.)  Goutteux.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  gout.    Affected  with  gout. 

PODALGIA,  Gout,  Podagra. 

POD  ALYRIA  TINCTORIA,  Sophoratinctoria. 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODARTHRITIS,  Podagra. 

PODARTHROC'ACE,  from  rove,  'the  foot,' 
apbpov,  'an  articulation/ and  *«*<>*,  'bad.'  Caries 
of  the  articulation  of  the  foot 

PODENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODENCEPH'ALUS,  Podanenceph'alu*,  from 
*ov?,  '  the  foot,'  and  Jcc^aAv,  '  the  head.'  A  mon- 
ster whose  brain  is  placed  outside  the  skull,  and 
seems  to  be  supported  on  a  pediele,  which  tra- 
verses the  summit  of  the  skull.  This  state  of 
monstrosity  is  termed  Podartencepha'lia,  or  more 
properly,  Podencepha'lia. — G.  St  Hilairc 

PODEX,  Anus. 

PODCE'MA;  from  revt,  'foot,'  and  oi&po,  'a 
swelling.'    (Edema  of  the  foot 

PODOL'OGY,  Podolog"ia,  from  *•»$,  'the  foot,' 
and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse/  A  description  of  the 
foot    A  treatise  on  the  foot 

PODOPHYLLUM  PBLTA'TUM,  PodophyV- 
htm,  Anapodophyll'um  Canadensi,  May-apple, 
Mandrake.  Family,  Podophylless.  Sex.  JSyst. 
PolyandriaMonogynia.  A  common  plant  through- 
out North  America.  The  fruit  is  eatable,  and 
esteemed  by  many.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be 
poisonous.  The  root  or  rhisoma,  Podophyllum 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  purgative  in  the  dose  of  20  grains. 
It  has  also  been  used  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Monta'num,  Mountain  May-ap- 
ple, Mandrake,  Wild  Lemon,  Ducksfoot,  Raccoon 
Berry,  Yellow  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  properties. 

PODORRHEUMA,  Podagra. 

PODOTHE'CA,  from  »•»$,  'a  foot,'  and  0w, 
'a  receptacle,  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the  foot 
An  anatomical  preparation.  Chirothe'ca,  has  been 
used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

PO^LETTE,  Cup. 

POE'PHAGUS ;  from  ran,  or  Tea,  'a  plant,  an 
herb/  and  <payta,  'I  eat'  One  who  subsists  on 
herbs  or  vegetables.    The  act  of  subsisting  or 


feeding  on  herbs  or  vegetables  is  called  Pofpkag"- 
ia.    Hence  Strabo  calls  the  Irish  rotifayot. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nia,  from  rvywv,  'the 
beard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard.  A  female  having  a  beard 
—  Vira'go. 

POGO'NIUM,  diminutive  of  wyw,  'beard.' 
A  weak  or  small  beard. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas. 

POL  A  favourite  aliment  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  It  is  a  sort  of  paste  made  from  the  root 
of  the  Kalo — Arum  eeculen'tum. 

POIDS  ET  MEASURES,  Weights  and  mea- 
sures. 

POIGNEE,  Manipulus. 

POIGNET,  Carpus. 

POIL,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup. 

POILS,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

POJNG,  Fist 

POINT,  Stitch. 

Ponrr,  Blibteriho.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Rush  to  an  indeterminate  period  in  the  course  of 
a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  the  stages 
of  high  excitement  and  collapse,  in  which  blis- 
ters will — he  thought — usually  produce  unequi- 
vocally good  effects.     . 

POINT  DE  COTE,  Pleurodynia. 

POINTS  LACR  rJf^KX,Lachrymaliapunota. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIRBAU,  Allium  porrum. 

POIRIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POIS,  Pisum—; p.  d  Cavtire,  see  Fonticulus  — 
p.  Chic  he,  Goer  arietinum— p.  Oullivi,  Pisum — 
p.  d  Gratter,  Dolichos  pruriens— p.  Palate,  Doli- 
ohos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'macon,  Phar'macum,  Tox'icum, 
Vene'num,  Virue,  Delete*  rivm,  Venena'tion,  CP.) 
Poleon.  A  generic  name  for  all  substances  which, 
when  introduced  into  the  animal  economy,  either 
by  cutaneous  absorption,  respiration,  or  the  di- 
gestive canal,  act  in  a  noxious  manner  on  the 
vital  properties  or  the  texture  of  organs.  Hence 
we  speak  of  fever  poison,  cholera  poison,  Ac. 
Poisons  exist  in  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature  ; 
but  those  which  proceed  from  animals  are  often 
called  venoms,  as  the  venom  of  the  viper,  scor- 
pion, tarantula,  Ac;  whilst  those  that  are  the 
products  of  disease  have  the  name  virus.  In 
common  parlance,  therefore,  poison  is  restricted 
to  deleterious  articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral 
and  vegetable  kingdoms.  Orfila  has  divided  poi- 
sons into  four  classes.  1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritatxhg, 
CoRRo'srva,  or  Esoharot'ic,  such  as  the  concen- 
trated acids  and  alkalies ;  mercurial,  arseniaeal, 
cupreous,  and  antimonial  compounds,  canthari- 
des,  Ac  2.  NarcoVio  ;  those  that  act  particu- 
larly upon  the  brain ;  as  hyoscyamus,  opium,  Ac, 
but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which  they 
come  in  contact  8.  Nabcot'ioo-Acrid  or  Acbo- 
kabcot'ic; — those  that  act  on  the  brain,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  irritate  the  parts  to  whieh  they 
are  applied ;  as  aconite,  belladonna,  Ac  4.  Sep- 
tic or  Pdtrks'cbkt;  —  those  furnished  by  the 
animal  kingdom.  See  Venom  and  Virus.  Va- 
rious classifications,  of  a  similar  character,  have 
been  recommended  by  different  toxicologists ;  but 
they  are  liable  to  the  objection,  that  they  throw 
substances  together  whose  physiological  action 
on  the  system  is  very  different  It  is,  indeed, 
difficult  to  avoid  unnatural  compression  of  mat 
ten  into  places  not  properly  belonging  to  them, 
in  all  such  arrangements. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup  <P<*U 
of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  circum- 
stances of  importance  oonnected  with  them,  4 
not  free  from  these  objections. 


POISONS 


600 


POISONS 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND  MODE  OF  DETECTING 
THE  VARIOUS  POISONS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

if.  B.  In  all  oases  the  Stomach-Pump  should  be  used  as  soon  as  possible, 

I.  INORGANIC    POISONS. 


FoiSOMS. 

Symptoms. 

Takatmbnt. 

Tarn. 

ACIDS. 

Acetic  Acid. 

Citric  Add. 
Muriatic  Acid. 

Nitric  Acid. 
Sulphuric  Add. 
Tartaric  Acid. 

Oxalic  Add. 

Prussia  Acid. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Al- 
monds. 

Laurel  Water. 

The  acids,  generally,  are 
strong    corrosive   poisons. 
Sour,  acrid  taste,  burning 
in  the  throat,  which  is  in- 
creased by  pressure,  swal- 
lowing, or  coughing;  eruc- 
tation,   and    excruciating 
pain  in  the  stomach;  more 
or  less  corrugation  of  the 
lining   membranes  of  the 
mouth  and  prima)  vie ;  ex- 
coriation about  the  mouth 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
skin  as  the  acid  may  have 
touched.     The  matter  vo- 
mited effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.    The  coun- 
tenance becomes  glazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy ; 
convulsions  and  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasions  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuric  acid, 
black. 

Is  a  sedative  poison ;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  debility,  hur- 
ried pulse,  weight  and  pain 
in   the  head;   eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid ;  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile pupil ;  convulsions, 
death. 

The  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia, are  all  antidotes  to  the 
acids;    calcined   magnesia 
also.    They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  following  restric- 
tions :  for  the  acetic,  citric, 
muriatic,     sulphuric,    and 
tartaric  acids,  they  may  be 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nitric  and  oxalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  be  employed 
with  safety.   In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid,  water  should 
not  be  drunk,  on  account 
of  the  great  heat  which  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent    inflammation 
to  be  treated  by  ordinary 
means. 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 
lime    have    the    inconve- 
nience, that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  gas  is  extricated  in 
the  stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote ; 
but  it  should  not  be  era- 
ployed  in  a  very  concen- 
trated form.     Liquid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been    found 
efficacious.  The  cold  douche 
to  the  head  has  been  re- 
commended. 

Sulphuric  acid  is  known  by  a 
while  precipitate  with  any  salt 
of  baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  is  known  by  a 
while  precipitate  with  nitrate  of 
silver,  insoluble  in    nitric  ttd 
which  turns  black  by  Use  actios 
of  lighu 

Nitric  acid  gives  rise  to  orange- 
coloured  fumes,  when   copper  is! 
placed  in  it.  and  an   ahilitv  to  J 
dissolve  gold  when  mixed  with 
muriatic  acid. 

Acetic  add  exhales  the  odoar  af , 
vinegar. 

Citric  acid blackenrwhen  healed.  » 

Tartaric  add  precipitates  eni- 
tals,  with  a  solution  of  potassa  i 
and  a  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  lime-water. 

Oxalic  acid  gives  a  white  nreri-  1 

pitate  with   lime-water,   wbirlLJ 

when   heated,  is  converted  iair>! 

carbonate  of  lime.                         , 

i 

t 

Prussic  acid  exhale*  the  cdnar  j 
of  peach  kernels ;  forms  a  white: 
precipirate  with  nitrate  of  silrer  j 
neutralized  with  an  alkali,  cire?1 
a  blue  precipitate  with  the  per  - 
salts  of  iron. 

1 

ALKALIES  and 
their  SALTS. 

Ammonia, 

Strong  Liquor  or 

Water  of. 

Muriate  of  Am- 
monia   or   Sal 
Ammoniac. 

POTAMA. 

Caustic   Potasss, 
and  Liquor  Po- 
tass*. 

Carbonate  of  Po- 
tasss, or  Pearl 
Ash,  and  Salt 
of  Tartar. 

Nitrate  of  Pstas- 
sa  or  Saltpetre. 

Sulphur  et  of  Po- 
tassium or  Li- 
ver of  Sulphur. 

Soda. 

Violent,     caustic,    acrid 
taste;   great   heat  in   the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  lining  membrane;  diffi- 
cult  and    painful   degluti- 
tion; vomiting  of  bloody 
matter,   which    turns   the 
yellow  of  turmeric  brown ; 
acute  pain  in  the  stomach ; 
cold  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
cough; violent  colic  pains, 
with    purging    of    bloody 
stools    and    membranous 
flakes ;  death. 

The   nitrate  of  potassa 
will  not  manifest  the  effect 
with  turmeric  paper.     The 
carbonates,  when  vomited, 
will  effervesce  with  acids; 
and  the    liver  of  sulphur 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

The  vegetable  acids,  such 
as   vinegar,    lemon   Juice, 
citric  and   tartaric  acid  in 
solution  are  antidotee    to 
the  alkalies  and  their  car- 
bonates.    The    fixed   oils, 
such  as  castor,  linseed,  al- 
mond and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  the  free  alkalies,  and 
therefore  destroy  their  caus- 
tic effects. 

Poisoning  by  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  be  treated  on  ge- 
neral antiphlogistic  princi- 
ples; mucilaginous  drinks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  decomposed  and  neu- 
tralized  by  common  salt. 
The  liquid  chloride  of  soda 
will  also  decompose  it. 

The   alkalies    are    known   k?j 
their  action  on   turmeric  paper: ! 
restoring   the  colour  of  litmus.  | 
which  has  been  reddened  hy  as 
acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  their 
effervescence  with  an  acid;  snew 
of  them  affect  the  turmeric  paver 
Sal  ammoniac  give*  oat  the  pe*- 
gent  odour  of  ammonia,  van 
mixed  with  quicklime. 

i 

Nitrate  of  potassa  decrepit** j 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  cc 
hot  coals.                                      1 

Liver  of  sulphur  emits  the  odsa? 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  wbea 
dissolved,  or  when  treated  vita 
an  acid. 

1 

l 

EARTHS      and 
COMPOUNDS. 

Baryta. 

Catenate  of  Ba- 
ryta. 

CUoridTof  Ba- 
rium. 

Mtrate   sf  Ba- 
rutsz. 

Lun. 

Analogous    to  thote  of 
the'corrosive  metals.    Vio- 
lent burning  in    the  sto- 
mach,    vomiting,    gripes, 
diarrhoea;   excessive  mus- 
cular   debility,    headache, 
convulsions,  death.     Lime 
differs  from  baryta  in  being 
a  pare  irritant. 

The  sulphates   of  soda 
and  magnesia  are  prompt 
and  effective  antidotes  to 
all  the  poisonous  salts  of 
baryta.    Phosphate  of  soda 
will  also  counteract  their 
effects.    Lime  may  be  neu- 
tralised   by   dilute    acids. 
Carbonic  acid,  in  soda-wa- 
ter, effervescing  draught  or 
yeast,  it  is  supposed,  would 
answer   a   good    purpose. 
The  fixed  oils  may  he  em* 
ployed  either  for  baryta  or 
lime,  when  not  in  a  com- 
pound state. 

Baryta  and  its  salts  invmrsakfe* 
give  a  white  rrrrriritntr.innniubli. 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  «i>f»r**. 

Lime,  when  dissolved,  fives  a 
while  precipitate.wi  th  oxalic  acta. 
Also  with  carbonic    acid    or  a 
soluble  carbonate.    Tim  same  ef 
baryta. 

AJ/xmoL. 

Brandy,  fVinos, 
and  all  Spirit- 
nous  Liquors. 


SYMPTOMS. 


Trkatmbht. 


Intoxication,  and  when 
taken  very  freely,  complete 
insensibility,  with  apo- 
plexy or  paralyaia  of  one 
aide;  the  countenance  swol- 
len and  of  a  dark-red  co- 
lour; the  breathing  diffi- 
cult, and  often  stertorous, 
with  a  peculiar  puffing  out 
of  the  lips;  the  breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which  will  dis- 
tinguish the  symptoms  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 


VOLATILE 
OILS. 

Crtasots. 

Dippers  Animal 
Oil. 

Oil  of  Tar. 

Oil  of  Tobacco. 

OilofTurponttno. 

PuuToil. 


GA8E8. 

Carbonic  Add,  or 
Fixed  Air. 

Carbonic  Oxide. 

Fumso  of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal, 

Cklerino. 

Sulphuretted  flj- 


IODINE.  t 
Iodide  of  Potas- 


METALS. 

AXTIMOWT. 

Tartar  Emetic. 

Cklorido,  or  But- 
ter of  Antimonf. 

OrUolf  Jtnti 


A  powerful  emetic  of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, should  be  got  into  the 
stomach  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow- 
ing, a  flexible  catheter  or 
tube  should  be  the  means  of 
conveying  it  thither.  The 
vomiting  should  be  encou- 
raged as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  large 
and  active  glystera  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.  The  patient  should  be 
placed  erect,  and  if  the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearances be  not  improved 
after  these  means  have  been 
used,  the  jugular  vein  may 
be  opened,  and  cold  wet 
cloths  applied  to  the  head, 
particularly  if  the  body  be 
hotter  than  natural.  If  the 
extremities  become  cold, 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseveringly  used. 


General  action,  that  of 
irritant  poisons.  Burning 
pain,  vomiting,  pungent 
taste,  purging,  &c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  tobacco 
affect  the  nervous  system ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil  will  be  manifested  in 
the  matter  vomited. 


Chlorine  produces,  when 
inhaled,  violent  irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion; cough,  bloody  expec- 
toration, inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  and  permanent 
pulmonary  disease.  The 
other  gases,  although  pro- 
ducing some  effect  on  the 
respiratory  organs,  act  as 
poisons,  in  consequence  of 
their  sedative  agency.  The 
symptoms,  therefore,  are 
those  of  apoplexy,  or  nar- 
cotic  poisoning. 


Irritant  symptoms;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
rating pain  In  the  stomach, 
and  fruitless  efforts  to  vo- 
mit ;  suffusion  of  the  eyes ; 
excessive  pain  and  tender 
nets  of  the  epigastrium. 


Vomiting.  If  vomiting 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio- 
lent irritant  effects  are 
produced.  Burning  pain  In 
the  pit  of  the  stomach; 
Purging;  colicky  pains, 
sense  of  tightness  In  the 
throat,  violent  cramps;  re- 
peated recurrence  of  vomit- 
ing. 


Creasote  is  immediately 
coagulated  by  albumen. 
Dippers  animal  oil  may  be 
counteracted  with  dilute 
acids  and  the  fixed  oils. 
The  other  oils  have  no  par- 
ticular antidotes,  and  their 
effects  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 


Tarn. 


The  antidotes  to  chlorine 
are  the  cautioue  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  from 
chlorine  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles.  For  the 
other  gases,  cold  affusions 
to  the  head,  blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 


Iodine  combines  with 
starch,  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound.  The  prompt 
administration  of  starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  vege 
table  matter  containing  fe- 
cula,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.  Iodide  of 
potassium  has  no  antidote, 
vomiting  should  be  pro* 
moted  by  draughts  of  warm 
water,  and  inflammation  be 
subdued  by  general  treat- 
ment. 


No  better  mode  of  recognising 
these  substances  exists,  than  that 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odour. 
Dippers  oil  has  the  pungent  odour 
of  ammonia ;  creasote  and  oil  of 
tar,  a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke; 
the  odour  of  tobacco  and  turpen- 
tine are  well  known ;  and  fusel 
oil  haa  a  peculiar,  offensive,  suf- 
focating odour. 


If  vomiting  have  not  been 
produced,  it  should  be 
brought  about  by  tickling 
the  fauces,  and  adminis- 
tering copious  draughts  of 
warm  water.  Astringent 
infusions,  such  as  of  galls, 
oak  bark,  Peruvian  bark, 
act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be  given  promptly;  pow- 
dered yellow  bark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 


Chlorine  is  recognized  by  its 
peculiar  odour  and  bleaching  pro- 

Eerties.  Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
y  its  fetid  smell,  and  the  rapid 
blackening  of  lead.  Carbonic 
acid,  by  its  occasioning  turbid* 
ness  in  lime-water  placed  in  its 
atmosphere.  Carbonic  oxide,  by 
the  blue  colour  of  its  flame. 


Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour, 
and  the  formation  of  a  blue  pre- 
cipitate, when  brought  in  contact 
with  a  cold  solution  of  starch. 
Iodide  of  potassium  gives  a  crys- 
talline precipitate,  with  tartaric 
acid  in  excess.  The  supernatant 
fluid  will  give  the  blue  colour  to 
starch. 


Antimony  in  solution  is  best 
distinguished  by  the  peculiar 
orange- red  precipitate,  which  it 
forma  with  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen or  solutions  of  the  hydrosul- 
phates.  Free  alkalies  produce 
white  precipitates.  The  muriate 
is  known  by  a  white  precipitate, 
when  it  is  poured  into  water. 
In  its  solid  forms,  it  may  be  known 
by  the  formation  of  white  fumes, 
when  heated,  which  redden  lit- 
mus. It  may  also  be  converted 
into  chloride,  and  then  precipi 
tated  by  adding  water. 


POISONS 


692 


POISONS 


POISONS. 


AftKXIC. 

Arsenume    Acid, 
or  White  AreenU. 

Orpiment,  or  Tel- 
low  Sulphuret 
of  Arsenic 

King'*  Yellow. 

Realgar,  or  Red 
Sulphur*  of 
Jtrstnic. 

Fly  Powder. 

Fowler* e  Solution. 

Arsenical  Paste. 

Arsenical  8oap. 

Areenite  of  Cop 
per. 


Bismuth. 

JfUrale   of  Bis- 
muth. 

Pearl  Powder. 

Oxide  ofJHsmutA. 
Com*. 

SulphateqfOepper 

Blue  Vitriol 

Acetate  of  Copper, 

Verdigris. 

Carbonate  of  Cop- 
per, 
Blue  Feralter. 
Areenite  of  Copper 

Food  looked  in 
dirtjf  topper  vu- 
eels,  or  pickles 


Symptom. 


Violent  burning  pain  in 
the  region  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels ;  tenderness  on 

r treasure;  retching:  vomit- 
ng;  sense  of  dryness  and 
tightness  in  the  throat; 
thirst;  hoarseness  and  diffi- 
culty of  speech;  the  matter 
vomited,  greenish  or  yel- 
lowish, sometimes  streaked 
with  blood;  diarrhoea;  te- 
nesmus; sometimes  excori- 
ation of  the  anus;  urinary 
organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression ;  convul- 
sions and  cramps;  clammy 
sweats;  lividity  of  the  ex- 
tremities ;  countenance  col- 
lapsed ;  eyes  red  and  spar- 
kling ;  delirium ;  death. 


Similar  to  those  produced 
from  other  irritant  poisons. 
General  inflammation  of 
the  whole  alimentary  canal; 
suppression  of  urine;  hie 
cough,  disagreeable  metal 
lie  taste ;  vomiting;  cramps ; 
delirium:  death. 

Very  similar  to  those  pro- 
duced by  arsenic.  Coppery 
eructations  and  taste.  Fa- 
tal cases  are  generally  ter- 
minated by  convulsions, 
palsy,  insensibility. 


Treatment. 


The  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter ;  or  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate ;  or  toe  rubigo  ferri, 
in  very  fine  powder,  to  be 
administered  every  five  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
obtained.  This  is  particu- 
larly efficacious  when  the 
white  arsenic  has  been  swal- 
lowed. I  f  the  arsen  ic  ha ve 
been  taken  in  the  form 
of  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water,  in  copious  draughts, 
may  be  given.  For  either 
of  the  other  forms,  emetics 
of  sulphate  of  zinc;  dilu- 
ents; demulcents,  such  as 
flaxseed  tea,  infusion  of 
slippery  elm,  dtc  Counter- 
irritants  may  be  used  to  re- 
lieve the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach.  Bleed- 
ing, as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  be  em- 
ployed until  the  stomach  is 
completely  evacuated. 


Milk,  and  sweet  mucila- 
ginous drinks  are  recom- 
mended. Leeches,  general 
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen- 
tations to  be  employed  on 
the  general  principles  of 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms.  i 

Albumen  to  be  adminis- 
tered in  either  of  its  forms 
which  can  be  roost  readily 
obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
of  eggs.  Vinegar  should 
use  be  given.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  are  to  be 
treated  on  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  the  nervous. 


Tests. 


If  the  suspected  substance  can 
be  obtained  free  from  organic 
matter,  the  presence  of  arsenic 
may  readily  be  shown  by  boiling 
it  in  distilled  water,  filtering,  ana 
tatting  wild,  lit.  Annaoaiaco- 
sulphaLe  of  copper,  9d.  A  mam 
run o-niimce  ur*ilw*r*  (Hume's 
Tt*t)  3d.  gulpbuteued  hydrogen 
gas,  The  firm  v*iU  produce  a  groan 
pri'f  ipiiair  ;  *eron d,  •  pale  psffow 
precipitate;  ibird.  a  bright  yellow 
prtcipitaJ*,  if  trunk  be  present. 
A  [loriicm  of  the  powder  or  one  of 
these  precipi isles,  carefully  ana 
thoroughly  m  led,  j*  ukD  to  be 
mixed  with  charcoal  and  exsic- 
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to  be 
placed  in  a  small  glass  tube,  dosed 
at  one  end,  and  then  to  be  heated 
to  a  red  heat  in  the  flame  of  a 
lamp.  The  arsenic  will  be  re- 
duced, and  sublime  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  tube,  forming  a  dart 
crust,  having  considerable  lo*ue 
on  its  exterior  surface,  reseat 
Wing  polished  steel.  By  gently 
heating  this  crust  in  a  very  small 
flame,  crystals  of  white  nraenk 
will  be  formed,  having  n  nags 
adamantine  lustre. 

If  organic  matter  be  present,  it 
must  be  entirely  destroyed,  by 
beating  the  substance  with  nitro- 
muriatic  acid.  After  this  haa  been 
done,  and  a  clear,  transparent  so- 
lution in  distilled  water  has  bees 
obtained,  the  subsequent  process 
is  as  above  indicated.  Ifamenioas 
acid  be  submitted  to  the 
of  nascent  hydrogen,  it  is 

idized,  and  the  metallic  ai 

thereby  obtained,  combining  witi 
hydrogen,  forms  arsenuretted  hy- 
drogen gas.    (Mmroh's  Teat.) 

Add  to  a  suspected  solution  a 
few  drops  of  pare  chlorohvntar 
acid,  and  place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright 
copper;  no  change  occurs  until' 
the  liquid  is  brought  to  the  boiling  \ 
point,  when,  if  arsenic  be  present, , 
even  in  small  quantity,  the  uiussi 
acquires  an  iron-gray  eonxiac. 
from  the  deposit  of  that  metal  | 
Remove  the  slip  of  copper ;  was* ; 
it  in  water,  dry  it  and  arnanallT  j 
heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube,  wars  ' 
arsenious  acid  will  be  aubtiaiea 
in  minute  octobedral  crystah. 
The  test  succeeds  with  powoeres 
arsenictbe  arsen  ilea,  arsenic  acid. , 
the  arseniates,  and  nrpiment.  It 
will  even  separate  the  arses* 
from  areenite  of  copper,  and  frost ! 
common  lead-shoe  RmimsmJCsTsoL 


Bismuth  is  known  by  the ._. . 
tion  of  a  white  precipitate,  wl 
its  solution  in  nitric  nod 
poured  into  water;  and  bv  the 
formation  of  a  black  precipttase 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas. 
and  bydrosulphatea  in 


The  presence  of  connes  m  re 
dily  shown  in  notation*.  I 
ammonia  a  beautiful  Wnaeh  psm 
pitate  is  thrown  down,  whs 
dissolves  in  an  excess  of  the  pr 
cipitant,  and  the  solution  has 
rich  blue  colour.  A  bright  in 
bar,  introduced  isto  sohstions  < 
copper,  occasions  the  seenri 
of  the  copper,  ia  a  metallic  1 
which  deposits  itself 
iron. 


PoiSOXS. 

Gold. 

CkleHde  of  Gold. 

Fulminating 
Gold. 

lion. 

9utph*U  of  Iron, 

Copperas, 

Green  Vitriol 

Chloride  ef  Iron. 


Lead. 

Metate  of  Lead, 

Sugar  of  Lead, 

Carbonate  of  Lead, 

White  Load, 

Rod  Oxide,  or  Red 

Lead. 

Litharge. 

Wines  sweetened 
by  Lead. 

Water  which  has 
been  kept  in 
Leaden  vessel*. 

Acid  food,  cooked, 
or  left  standing 
in  vessels  glazed 

with  Lead. 

MsRCURY. 

Corrosive   Subli- 


Cyanide  of  Mer- 
cury. 

Mtrate  of  Mer- 
cury. 

rVTdtePrecipitate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Precipitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur- 
bilk  Mineral 

P~ermilion,or  Red 
Sulpkuret. 


Silvkr. 
MMraU  of  Silver, 
or  Lunar  Caus- 
tic. 


Tin. 

Chloride  of  Tin. 
Solution  of  Tin, 

meed  by  Dyers. 
Oxide  of  Tin,  or 

Putty  Powder. 

ZlNO. 


Oxide  of  Zinc. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc, 
White  Vitriol. 


Symptoms. 


Very  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  substance  communi- 
cates a  pink  stain  to  the 
flesh,  and  patches  of  that 
colour  may  be  found  about 
the  lips,  and  inside  the 
mouth. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; colic  pains,  con- 
stant vomiting  and  purging. 
Viols* t  pain  in  the  throat, 
tension  of  the  epigastrium, 
coldness  of  the  skin,  and 
feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal ;  spasm ;  nervous 
symptoms ;  paralysis,  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  for  some  time,  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic;  rigidity  of 
abdominal  muscles,  cramps 
remission  of  pain ;  obsti 
nate  constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased ; 
countenance  anxious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness, debility,  torpor,  coma 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  affects  generally 
the  upper  extremities. 

Violeift  symptoms  of  irri 
tant  poisoning;  harsh  me- 
tallic astringent  taste;  burn 
ing  pain  in  the  stomach; 
vomiting  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs,  and  sometimes 
suppression ;  tightness  and 
burning  in  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent speech;  countenance 
not  always  pale,  but  some- 
times flushed ;  tendency  to 
dose;  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


Those  of  other  irritant 
poisons. 


The  same  as  those  from 
other  irritant  poisons,  and 
a  peculiar  tanned  appear- 
ance of  the  villous  coat  of 
the  stomach. 


Tkbatkbmt. 


The  salts  of  gold  are  de- 
composed by  sulphate  of 
iron;  and  this  has,  there- 
fore, been  recommended  as 
an  antidote.  Inflammatory 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  soda  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.  Mucilaginous 
drinks  might  also  be  em- 
ployed; and  particular  symp- 
toms relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Bulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  soda  are  both 
irood  antidotes  for  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  may  be  drunk.  These 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form, 
or  collca  pictonum,  purge 
tives  and  anodynes  are  re- 
sorted to ;  venesection ;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
of strychnia  is  rec 
for  the  paralysis. 


Albumen,  in  some  form, 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered ;  either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  up  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  symp- 
toms to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold, 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iron  filings.  (?) 


Chloride  of  sodium,  or 
common  salt,  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance, 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


Milk  to  be  given  copious- 
ly, and  the  subsequent 
treatment  to  be  regulated 
by  the  symptoms. 


Violent  vomiting ;  astrin-  The  vomiting  may  be  re- 
gent taste,  burning  pain  in  lievcd  by  copious  draughts 
the  stomach ;  pale  counte-  j  of  warm  water.  Carbonate 
nance;  cold  extremities ;  of  soda,  administered  in  so- 
dull  eyee;  fluttering  pulse. !  lution,  will  decompose  the 
Death  seldom  ensues,  in  J  sulphate  of  zinc.  Milk  and 
consequence  of  the  emetic  albumen  also  act  as  anti- 
Jlcetate  of  Zinc.  |  effects.  I  dotes.     General  principles 

to  be  observed  in  the  subse- 
'  gnent  treatment. 


Tuts. 


Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily 
decomposed,  and  the  gold  sepa- 
rated in  a  metallic  slate.  Proto- 
sulphate  of  iron,  nitrate  of  silver 
and  protocbloride  of  tin,  all  an 
swer  this  purpose.  The  precipi- 
tated powder  will  be  found  insolu- 
ble, except  in  nitro-muriatic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  by  a  bluish- 
black  precipitate,  with  tincture 
of  galls;  rich  blue,  with  prussiate 
of  potassa;  and  a  greenish  or 
reddish  precipitate,  with  the  free 
alkalies  or  their  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a 
white  precipitate  with  sulphates 
and  carbonates  in  solution.  Baits 
of  chromic  acid  and  iodide  of  po- 
tassium occasion  a  yellow  preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
a  black  precipitate.  If  solid,  the 
lead  may  be  converted  into  a 
state  of  solution  by  nitric  acid, 
and  the  dilute  solution  be  tested 
as  above. 


The  free  alkalies  differ  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutions  of  mer- 
cury. Potassa  gives,  with  corro- 
sive sublimate,  a  yellowish  one ; 
ammonia,  a  white;  lime-water,  an 
orange;  and  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen, a  black.  If  a  drop  of  the  so- 
lution be  placed  on  a  piece  of 
gold,  and  touched  with  a  knife  or 
key,  the  mercury  will  be  reduced, 
which  amalgamates  with  the  gold, 
producing  a  white  spot.  The  ni- 
trate of  mercury  gives  a  black 
precipitate  with  the  free  alkalies. 
All  the  solid  forms  of  mercury  are 
volatile,  and  may  be  reduced  by 
heating  tbem  in  a  glass  tube  with 
charcoal  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
when  the  metallic  mercury  will 
sublime,  and  may  be  collected  in 
a  globule. 

Nitrate  of  silver  is  distinguished 
by  the  formation  of  a  while  pre- 
cipitate, insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
with  chloride  of  sodium;  a  gray 

furecipilate  with  ammonia,  which 
s  redissolved  in  an  excess  of  am- 
monia; yellow  precipitate  with 
phosphate  of  soda.  The  precipi- 
tate of  chloride  of  silver,  obtained 
by  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  mixing  it  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  and  granulated  zinc. 

The  chloride  precipitates  vege- 
table colouring  matter;  also  albu- 
men and  gelatin.  The  white  oxide 
is  precipitated  from  its  solution  by 
free  alkalies;  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas,  a  brown  precipitate. 

A  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  the  free  alkalies  from 
the  soluble  salts  of  zinc,  which 
becomes  yellow  when  strongly 
heated— recovering  its  white  co- 
lour on  cooling.  Sulphuretted 
hydrogen  occasions  a  white  pre 
cipiute. 


I 


jruAovxto 




Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

Tot. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning ;  pain  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels;  vomiting,  diar- 
rhoea, tenderness  and  ten- 
sion of  the  abdomen. 

Ah  emetic  to  be  prompt- 
ly administered ;  copious 
draughts  containing  mag- 
nesia in  suspension ;  muci- 
laginous drinks;  general 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 

Phospboru  U  knew  by  in 
ready  inflammability,  lamina* 
ness  at  ordinary  lemperwm, 
and  alliaceous  odour. 

GLASS,  or  EN  A- 
MRU 

If  taken  in  very  coarse 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion and  inflammation  of 
the  bowels. 

Large  quantities  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  be  eaten,  to 
envelop  toe  particles.  (?) 
An  emetic  of  sulphate  or 
zinc  should  then  be  given, 
and  vomiting  be  promoted 
by  demulcent  drinks. 

* 

II.  ORGANIC    POISONS. 

I.  VEGETABLE    POISONS. 


IaaiTAirr  Poisons. 


Anemone  puUatilla.    Wind  Flower. 

Arum  moculutum.    Wake  Robin. 

Bryonia  dioicu.    Bryony. 

Caladium  teguinium.    Dumbcane. 

Calla  palustris.    Water  Arum. 

Caltha  palustri*.    Marsh  Marigold. 

Chelidonium  majua.    Celandine. 

Clematis  vitalba.    Virgin  Bower. 

Convolvulus  jalap*.    Jalap. 

Convolvulus  tcammonia.    Scammony. 

Croton  tiglium.    Purging  Croton. 

Cucumis  colocyntku.    Colocynth. 

Cyclamen  Europium.    Sow  Bread. 

Daphne  gnidium.    Spurge  Flax. 

Daphne  mtttreuuu    Mezereon. 

Delphinium  tiupkitagria.    Stavesacre. 

Dioica  paluatrit.    Swamp  leather-wood. 

Equisetum  hyemaU.    Scourgrass. 

Euphorbia  qffirinarum.  Euphorblum. 
8 purge. 

Oratiola  offleiumUt.    Hedge  Hyssop. 

Hippomane  mancinella.    Mancbineel. 

Hura  crepitant.    Sand  Box. 

Hydrocotyle  v«{rcri«.  Marsh  Pennywort. 

Jatropha  cureas,    Indian  Nut. 

Jalropha  manihot.    Cassada. 

Juniper  us  smbina.    Savin  (oil  of). 

Junlperus  Virginiana.  BcdCedar(oiIof.) 

Momordica  elaUrium.  Squirting  Cu- 
cumber. 

Narcissus  p»*udo-nareis*u».    Daflbdil. 

Pastinax  satins.    Common  Parsnep. 

Pedicularis  palustris.  Marsh  Louse  wort. 

Phytolacca  daeandra.    Poke. 

Piper  eubcba.    Cubebs. 

Plumbago  Europma.    Toothwort. 

Rannnculua  acris,  ana  other  species. 
Crowfoot. 

Rhododendron  ekrytanthomum.  Oleander. 

Ricinus  communis.    Castor  Oil  Plant. 

Sambucns  ebulu*.    Elder. 

Sedum  sere.    Stone  Crop. 

Stalagmitis  cambogioide$.    Gamboge. 

Tanacetura  vulgar*.    Tansy  (oil  of.) 

ACRO-NARCOTIC. 

JSthuaa  cynapium.  Common  Fool's 
Parsley. 

Aconitum  napsllus.    Monkshood. 

Agaricus,  five  species.  Mushrooms  (poi- 
sonous). 

Amanita  muacarim.  Truffles  (poisonous). 

An agallls  irveuii,  Meadow  Pimpernel. 

Anda  Qomerti. 

Apoeynum  androutmifolium.  Dogsbane. 

Aristolochia  cUmatitis.    Birth  wort. 

Arnica  montana.    Leopard's  bane. 

Asclepias  Syriaea.    Swallowwort. 

A  tropa  belladonna.   Deadly  Night  Shade. 

iEsculus  Ohioentii.    Buckeye. 

Brucea  antidy$tutoriea.  False  Angos- 
tura Bark. 

Cerbera,  three  species.    Cerbera. 

Cherophyllum  sylvestr*.  Bastard  Hem- 
lock.  


Symptoms. 


The  general  effects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are ;  —  an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  with  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  excessive  heat, 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  with  sense  of 
tightness  there  ;  violent  vo- 
miting, the  "efforts  being 
continued  even  after  the 
stomach  is  emptied ;  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels ;  pulse, 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar; breathing  often  quick 
and  difficult;  appearances 
of  intoxication ;  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated, 
insensibility  resembling 
death;  the  pulse  becomes 
slow  and  loses  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally, 
many  of  them  produce  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the 
skin,  with  vesications  or 
eruptions  of  pustules. 


Trbatkxxt. 


If  vomiting  have  been  oaufowd* 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  «uHcm- 
tinned,  they  may  be  rendered  eass V 
large  draughts  of  warm  watei.orUni 
gruel;  but  if  symptoms  of  insewiM»7 
have  come  on  without  vomtW » 
ought  to  be  immediately  exww  by  f* 
sulphate  of  sine,  or  some  otbet  taxn 
emetic  substance,  and  •ft«,2.!E? 
tion  a  sharp  pnrgative  should  te  £W 
After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  so** 
is  got  rid  of.  a  very  strong  >»""•"; 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  wita  *W, 
may  be  given  with  advaniare.  «* 
phor  mixture  with  ether  may  betaw 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  he  J»- 
siderable,  warmth,  fricliona,  •»*««; 
ters,  may  be  employed.  If  »■»«*( 
tion  or  other  dangerous  coo^f^l 
have  been  induced,  they  ar«  to  » 
treated  upon  general  pn »«P|*    tal 

The  fruit  of  Feuillea  ContifehJ  *», 
been  recommended  as  a  po*"*' ■", 
tldote  against  vegetable  poiww.  " 
is  to  be  used  in  as  recent  a  **  ■ 

P°N81  BeB(romine,  chlorine,  v**f« 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  U*«* 
loids  generally. 


J 


IniTjurr  Poison*. 


Chnnlntia  t,tTir<inn,     R niln np. 

Clieuoporiium  m urate,      WoMlHSped* 
Cicutn  mnfHtatn.     American  Hemlock. 
Ctcuia.  wnwe.    Water  Hemlock. 

ClSSUt.      ClfWtt, 

Coccuhts  iffjfHg.     Fish  berries. 
Colchkum  vutumnate.    Meadow  saffron. 
Coniom  **m  r  d  fairs  pa .     Hemlock. 
LVoiana  mtfrtijaiia,     Myrltcdeaved  Su- 

mai  li. 
Curare.     Indian  War  Pnjson. 
CyniftdWIII  (nT(Kn.     Cynanchum, 
CyljdHft  foswrf  *«■.     Laburnum. 
Dim  rii  ^ramoninm.    Thorn  Apple, 
I  i j  ■- 1  r :i  1 1  -  }k»r ,i ii <>f'i-     Fi> \a love. 
Ers"tT    Pea  v*afsT 
Ervum  ^rrYia.     Bitter  Vtlrli. 
fJariiih-Tia    f rociciNfrcjc^.      Wintergreen 

foil  of). 
llrrmruithii*  fPTKdriiff.. 

f  telle  horns  nig£r,     RJack  flcttcbore. 

Hvpnphyllum  rasfufaarra,  Paddock 
Srrml. 

Tpcenrnariha,     [peenrunnha. 

La  thy  run  netrd.     Cathy  pis. 

]  4i  u  r«  i «  tti  Fn  pli$ra .    Cn  m  phor, 

Lohel  i  a  i  lijH  f  a ,     1 11  dj  r  n  To  \ 

Lnliurn  ifmu'tntum      DarneL 

Melia  *i#rffro^A.     Pride  of  China, 

Mcfcnrialie  jftr*a*jj.  Mountain  Mer 
cury. 

Vernm  ottftndtw.     Common  Oleaniicr, 

Nir.ni  iana  tnhnctini.     Tolsaeeo. 

rKnaoih"  f.rortilij,     Hemlock  Propwort. 

Pa**iflnrrt  qund*awgTitia.rit.     ItarliaiLrne. 

Frsrjriia  rryhrtna.     jflinftira  Pupwcod. 

Pot  yea  I  ft  rent  mom  (of  Java  y. 

Rhus  raatfera*     Poison  Vino, 

Rhus  Mj^jrfctfjrtnt.  Poison  oak,  or  Su- 
mach, 

Robin  in  p*eK<fo  araria.     Locust  Tree. 

Ruta  prrtfTtpftTts.     Rue. 

Pan  em in  aria  Cut  ad  en  tit.     Blood  Hoot, 

Scilla  m'jfjfrrriia.     Squill.     Sea  Onion, 

Rpc  a  I?  r rtr."  h  *  a  nt  .     Ki  <ot .     Bpu  rred  R  ye  , 

Si  urn  Ititif^fium.  Procumbent  Water 
Far*'!  <*p. 

P  pile 'in  .tfcrifeittflfflL     Pink  Rnnt. 

Btrydlri'Oa  t?nsttn_     Ft,  f*nn[.iu*'N  Bean 

Hfrychtirm  pftrr  rruwicn.      N<U  VOMiira. 

BrmpkKBrnia  ftrtida .    Bkti-nk  CahrmuB, 
TJkaiJiaa      ['timet   of  various   plants  — 

Plinth  Arnrtirn 
Tfeuii.     f^n  7Trwf£    Trep  of  lava, 
T  r i  t  i  mj  m  1/ » t>rr n  n  p* .    W  hea i  (d  isc  ased.) 
Cpn«  «*#«*,     Tree  tii  Java. 
Veratittm  if  ham.     While  Hellebore. 
Vera  i  rum  rindr.     American  Hellebore. 
Wnornift     War  Pnnon  nf  Guiana. 
Zen  may*.     Maijse  [ili reused), 

NARCOTIC, 
Aclira  wplmt*.     Raneberry. 
Amyndainfl  fimmHni*.    Biiter  Almond, 
AhtYL'dalii*  fifrjfirfl.     Prllfh. 
Cp|«i-iimiiuoi  jn'tiinm    Yellow  Jeraamtne. 
Mi'liiurH  'rtlHinttpe.rwn.     Fly  Poison. 
rfyntteyarMO*  vlktui.     Wiiita  fi  en  bane. 
rTjnfleymimtJ  Riper.     Bl.irk  Henbane. 
Kalmia  fntifafin.     Mfuniain  Ivy, 
1  ,ar  t  or  i  ri  ™  *n     p  irnns  «Sf fl  t  ed  Lettuce. 
Opium,  nod  ili  progiaiate  pri/iciplea, 
Papivir  TOKiifjr/rrvni.     Pnppy, 
Pari*  ffUadnfttlin.      ]|rr'i   P^ri4. 

Pro o ii«  '.VrJWiuMttrt,     Wild  Ora age- 
Prim  on  r'r/urj-ri*rii^if.».    Cherry  Laurel. 
Pni  niT  *  n  ijr  ra.     R I  a  r.  k  C  hrrry. 
Pru  UU9  p  <tdtt  ?.     Chi  tier  C  berry. 
Pruniia  Vlr'fiidmu*.    WlMCnattrf1, 
Bolanum  \h.it,\m<irn.     Ritter-iweeu 
flofhun  TrHptria,     Mount ai a  Ailu 
Taxua  bnecnta^.    Yew. 


BTurroMJ, 


Tlie  nan-otic  vetetahle 
p^i*oniiT  if  taken  into  the 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wo  u  ad  L  oeca  »io  n  I  he  fol  In w  - 
ine;  effect!  :—  stupor  :  nirnb- 
ness;  heavint*M  in  the  head; 
desire  m  vomit,  sh^ht  At 
jtrst,  but  allcrwards  insup- 
[toriahle;  a  sort  of  iiuo.ii- 
r-a! hoi,  stupid  air,  pnpil  of 
the  eye  dilated ;  fur. 
1  i  vely  del  inn  m ,  so  nie  I  i  m  es 
pain;  convulsions  nf  riif 
ferent  pans  of  tli^  body,  <*r 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  hut  at 
fir- 1  ajenerally  stronf  and 
foil ;  thu  hren  thinf  is  quicV, 
nod  thrte  is  great  nriiiiely 
and  deject  inn  r  which,  if  not 
xp<  mtiiy  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


TlIElTMEKT. 


POISONOUS  MUSIIItOOMB, 
Agaric i it  mnrrxriitM.     Fly  Agaric, 
Agaricos  ptper<nns.     Pepper  Aearic 
Agaricus  jirmtor.     Fl^adly  Agarie, 
A  sari  cm  huthaiKi.     Bulbous  A  fane. 
Agaricus  ihantoreIlu9.    Champignon. 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain 
in  th*  Rlomach  and  liowrl*1 
Willi  VMfuinnp  anil  purging, 
Tliirir:     convulsinns,    and 


The  stomach  (o  be  effectually  evacu- 
ated, by  giving  four  or  Ave  graina  of 
tartar  emetic,  or  front  ten  tt>  twenty 
of  the  sulphate  ofxinr,  repented  eveir 
quarirr  of  an  Imtir,  tiJl  the  full  effect  is 
prmluced .  These  means  niay  be  assisted 
by  tirkling  the  throat  with  a  feather  ot 
the  flngtr.  I^aree  and  strong  glystert 
of  soap  dissajvcil  in  watrr,  or  vt  ualt 
and  gruel,  should  be  s(H-e<lily  adiniuii- 
tered,  to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in 
getting  rid  of  the  poison;  and  unive 
pnrtra lives  may  he  given  aftT  the  vo- 
mitirn  hap  ecaied.  When  a?  much  at 
pftsNible  of  l he  poison  bii  heen  ex 
pelled,  the  patient  may  drink,  alter- 
nately, q  lea-cupfuf  of  strong  hot  infu- 
sion of  coffee,  and  vim1  par  diluled  with 
wafer.  Tf  lb<-  drowwiu^ss,  whirh  i*. 
sometime  eirtreme,  and  the  insensi 
hility  hrird+Tlns  on  a|Kjp1eiy,  be  nni 
retriHied  hy  i|>ese  means,  bronxi  may  be 
tnken  from  ffat  jnpMlar  vi«inr  hlisiers 
may  he  applied  lo  the  neck  and  kga. 
and  tun  attention  he  roused  by  every 
means  possible.  If  the  heal  declines, 
warmth  and  frictlont  must  hu  purse - 
verinjrVy  used.  Vegetable  acids  nre  on 
no  account  to  he  eiveti  toftr*  the  poi^ 
son  is  eipelM.  sad  it  is  desirable  that 
but  little  fluid  of  any  kind  should  be 
administered 

7i.  H.  Km  mine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
nre  said  to  be  antidotes  lu  the  alkaloids 
generally 


The  stomach  and  bowels  ta  be  cleared 
hy  an  emniic  nf  tariarjft-d  antimony, 
r^llnwml  U\  rreqoanl  do»  ■*  ofOlmah«ji  I 
or   Rp^oin  «n1t.  and  larze,  stimulalim 


fnintinc;  pul!U!  small  and  ,  glystppSi  Afl^r  ihn  pniw^n  isevanmled, 
frequent ;  delirium  ;  dilated  I  ether  may  he  administered,  with  sin  a  I.. 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

pupil,    and    stupor;    cold 
sweats,  and  death. 

Poisonous      mushrooms 
may  be  distinguished  from 
the  edible  by  their  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fol- 
lowing criteria.    The  for- 
mer grow  in  wet,  shady 
places,   have    a   nauseous 
odour;    are    softer,    more 
open,  and  porous;  have  a 
dirty-looking  surface,  some- 
times a  gaudy  colour,  or 
many   very  distinct  hues, 
particularly  if  they  have 
been  coveted  with  an  enve- 
lope; they  have  soft,  bul- 
bous stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 

quantities  of  brandy  and  water;  but 
if  inflammatory  symptoms    manifest 
themselves,    such   stimuli    should    be 
omitted,  and  other  appropriate  means 
be  had  recourse  to. 

2.  ANIMAL    POISONS. 


Symptoms. 

Treatmkkt. 

POISONOUS  PISH. 
Batistes  monoceros.    Old  wife. 
Cancer  astaeus.    Crawfish. 
Cancer  ruricolus.    Land  Crab. 
Clupea  tkryisa.    Yellow- billed  Sprat. 
Coraci nuftfusem  major.  G ray  Snapper. 
Coracinus  minor.    Hyne. 
Coryphena  eplendens.    Dolphin. 
Monnyra.    Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Murena  major.    Conger  Eel. 
Mytilus  edulis.    Mussel. 
Ostracionf  fossi/a  m.  SmoothBotUePish. 
Perca  major.    Barracuda. 
Perca  venenooa.    Grooper. 
Perca  venenata.    Rock  Fisb. 
Physalia.    Portuguese  Man  of  War. 
Scomber  osntfovs.    Spanish  Mackerel. 
Scomber  maximus.    King  Fish. 
Scomber  thynnue.    Bonetta. 
Sparus  ckrysops.    Porgee. 
Telrodon  sccleratue.    Tunny. 
Tetrodon  ocellatue.    Blower. 

In  an  hour  or  two,  or 
often    in  a  much  shorter 
time,   after    the   fish   has 
been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach   comes   on,  with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
sense   of  heat    about  the 
head  and  eyes,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often  an  erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria), 
and  in  many  cases  death. 

An  emetic  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, or,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomiting 
mny  be  excited,  by  tickling  the  throat 
with    the    finger,    and    taking    large 
draughts  of  warm  water.     After  full  vo- 
miting, an  active  purgative  should  ae 
given,  to  remove  any  of  the  noxious 
matter  that  may  have  found  its  way 
into  the  intestines.    Vinegar  and  water 
may  be  drunk  after  the  above  remedies 
have  operated,  and  the  body  may  be 
sponged  with  the  same.    Water,  mam? 
very  sweet  with  sugar,  to  which  ether 
may  be  added,  may  be  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
the  effects  of  the  poison.      If  spasm: 
ensue ;  after  evacuations,  laudanum,  in  | 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.    If  is- : 
flammation should  occur,  the  usual means! 
of  removing  it  must  be  employed.            J 

POISONOUS  SERPENTS. 
Boa  erotaloides.    Copperhead. 
Cenchris  moekeeon.    Mnckeson. 
Cerastes  nasicomis.    Horned  Viper  of 

Western  Africa. 
Coluber  berus.    Viper. 
Coluber  prtster.    Black  Viper. 
Crotnlus.  (5  species )    Rattle  Snaka 
Scytale  piecivorus.    Water  Viper. 

A    sharp    pain    in    the 
wounded  parti  which  soon 
extends  over  the  limb  or 
body;  .great    swelling,  at 
first  hard  and  pale,  then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance ;  fai fil- 
ings,   vomitings,    convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jaun- 
dice ;  pulse  small,  frequent, 
and    irregular;    breathing 
difficult,  cold  sweats,  the 
sight  fails,  and  the  intel- 
lectual   faculties    are   de- 
ranged. Inflammation,  and 
often,  extensive    suppura- 
tion and  gangrene,  followed 
by  death. 

A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  over  the 
wound,  or  a  moderately  tight  ligature 
above  the  bites,  and  the  wound  left  to 
bleed  after  being  well  washed  with  warn 
water;  the  actual  cautery,  lunar  caustic. 
or  butter  of  antimony,  to  be  then  applied 
freely  to  it,  and  afterwards  covered  with' 
lint,  dipped  in  equal  parts  of  olive  oil  ami  j 
spirit  of  hartshorn.    The  ligature  to  be 
removed  if  the  inflammation  be  consi- 
derable.    Warm,  diluting  drinks,  and 
small  doses  of  ammonia  or  bartebora,  ta 
cause  perspiration  ;  the  patient  to  be 
well  covered  in  bed,and  a  little  warm  wiae  j 
given  occasionally.  If  gangrene  be  threat  | 
ened,  wine  may  be  given  more  freely,  aadj 
the  bark  should  be  had  recourse  to.   Arse-  ] 
nic,  the  principal  ingredient  in  the  Taa- 
Jore  Pill,  has  bean  strongly  recoranwrtui  1 

1 

CANTHARIS  VESfCATORIA. 
Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
LyUnvitlaia.    Potato  Fly. 

Nauseous  odour  of  the 
breath;  acrid  taste;  burn- 
ing heat  in  the  throat,  sto- 
mach, and  abdomen;  fre- 
quent    vomitings,     often 
bloody,  with  copious  bloody 
stools;  excruciating  nain  in 
the  stomach ;  painful  and 
obstinate    priapism,    with 
beat  in    the  bladder,  and 
strangury  or  retention  of 
urine ;     frightful    convul- 
sions, delirium  and  death. 

Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking' 
sweet  oil,  sugar  and  water,  milk,  or  lia-  ■ 
seed  tea,  very  freely.     Emollient  gfys- 
tera   should   be   administered,    and   if 
symptoms  of  inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach,  kidney,    or    bladder    auperveae. 
they  must  be  subdued  by  appropriate 
treatment. 

Camphor  dissolved    in   oil    may  be' 
rubbed  over  the  belly  and  the  thighs. 

VENOMOUS  INSECTa 
Tarantula. 
Scorpio.    Scorpion. 
Vespa  crabro.    Hornet. 
Vespa  vulgaris.    WasD 
Apis  mellffica.    Bee. 
Culex  pipiens.    Gnat. 
GBstrus  bovi$.    Gad-fly 

In  general,  the  sting  of 
these  insects  occasions  only 
a  slight  degiee  of  pain  and 
swelling;  but  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  vio- 
lent, and  sickness  and  fever 
are  produced  by  the  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

Hartshorn  and  oil  may  be  rubbed  on 
the  affected  part,  and  a  piece  of  rag, 
moistened  in  the  same,  or  in  salt  and 
water,  may  be  kept  upon  it  till  the  paia 
is  removed.    A  few  drops  of  haristara 
may  be  given  frequently  in  a  little  water, 
and  a  glass  or  two  of  wine  may  be  take*. 
The  sting  may,  in  general,  be  removed 
by  making  strong  pressure    a  ton  ml  it 
with  the  barrel  of  a  small  watch-key.      | 

J 


Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

BALIVA  OF  THE  RABID  DOG. 

At  an  oncer  tain  interval 
after   the  bile,  generally, 
however,      between      the 
twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  the  bitten 
part,   though    the    wound 
may  have  been  long  healed. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan- 
guor, spasms,  horror,  dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration   succeed,    and    are 
soon  very  much  increased ; 
violent  convulsions  affect 
the  whole  body,  hideously 
distorting  the  muscles  of 
the  face;  the  eyes  are  red 
and  protruded,  the  tongue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out, 
and  viscid  saliva  flows  from 
the  mouth;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,  with  bilious 
vomitings,a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ing them.    All  these  symp- 
toms are  aggravated  till  the 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 

Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  prevented 
than  cured;  indeed,  it  is  doubted  whe- 
ther it  ever  has  been  cured.  Mercury, 
arsenic,  opium,  musk,  camphor,  acids, 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  alkali,  oil, 
various  herbs,  and  many  other  reme- 
dies whose  effects  are  quite  opposite, 
have  been  employed,  but  none  can  be 
relied  on.  Large  blood-lettings,  the 
warm  and  cold  bath,  and  almost  every 
other  remedial  agent,  have  been  tried 
without  success. 

The  bitten  part  should  be  completely- 
cut  out,  even  after  it  has  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yet  come  on ;  the 
part  should  then  be  immersed  in  warm 
water,  or  be  washed  with  it  as  long  as  it 
will  bleed,  and,  after  the  most  perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  should  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
then  the  wound  covered  with  a  poultke, 
and  suffered  to  heal  by  granulation. 

No  milder  discipline  can  ensure  safety. 

The  most  energetic  poisons  are  used  therapeu- 
tically, and  often  with  considerable  advantage. 
They  have,  of  course,  to  bo  administered  in  ex- 
tremely small  doses;  to  avoid  producing  poi- 
soning. 

Poison,  Arrow,  see  Arrow  poison — p.  Sausage, 
Allan  totoxicum. 

POISON-BERRY  TREE,  Melia  asedarach— 
p.  Italian,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  p.  Morbid,  Virus 
— p.  Oak,  Rhus  toxicodendron  —  p.  Root,  Oieuta 
maculata  —  p.  Vegetable,  Upas — p.  Vine,  Rhus 
radicans. 

POISONING,  VeneJW'ium,  Toxica' tio,  Intoxi- 
ca'tio,  Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicis'tnus,  Pharmacei'a, 
Jfalefie"ium,  Venena'tion,  (F.)  Empoieonnement, 
Intoxication,  The  art  of  applying  a  poisonous 
substance  to  any  of  the  textures  in  a  dose  capa- 
ble of  occasioning  more  or  less  serious  symp- 
toms. Rigorously  speaking,  therefore,  if  a  phy- 
sician, in  treating  any  case,  employs  a  deleterious 
medicine  in  a  small  dose,  which,  owing  to  parti- 
cular circumstances,  produces  unpleasant  symp- 
toms, he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The 
term  is,  however,  generally  restricted  to  poison- 
ing by  design. 

Poisoning  has  also  been  used,  by  a  few,  to  dc- 
t  *te  the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasionally 
follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  generally 
innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible food,  has,  for  example,  given  occasion  to 
symptoms  resembling  those  produced  by  a  nar- 
cotic poison,  and  the  effect  has  been  termed  poi- 
ioning. 

Secret  poisoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  slow  poisons,  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency  was 
far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  imagined. 

POI'SONOUS,  Toxical,  Nox'iui;  having  the 
dualities  of  a  poison. 

POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  narootico- 
acrid — p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid — p.  Escharotic,  P. 
acrid  —  p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid — p.  Putrescent,  P. 
septic. 

POITRINAIRR,  Phthisicus. 

POITRINE,  Thorax. 

POIVRE  D'EAU,  Polygonum  hydropiper— 
p.  de  Quinte,  Capsicum  annuum— p.  dTnde,  Cap- 
sicum annuum— p.  de  Jamaique,  see  Myrtus  pi- 


menta— p.  Long,  Piper  longum— p.  Noir,  Piper 
nigrum— p.  Petit,  Vitex  — p.  d  Queue,  Piper  cu- 
beba— p.  Sauvage,  Vitex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies—  p.  de 
Bourgogne,  see  Pinus  abies— p.  Crane,  see  Pinus 
abies — p.  Jaune,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Minirale, 
Pissasphaltum  — p.  Navale,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
—p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra  —  p.  Indian,  Ve- 
ratrum  viride — p.  Stink,  Dracontium  foetidum — 
p.  Weed,  Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 

POI^NIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS,CTam«yiceerf, 
Stinkweed,  Wormioeed,  Clammy  Mustard,  False 
mustard.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Cap- 
pa  rideae;  Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia — 
which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found  in  every 
part  of  North  America.  To  the  whole  plant  have 
been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties. 

POLECAT  WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

POLEMO'NIUM  REPTANS,  False  Jacob'* 
Ladder,  Greek  Valerian,  Sweat-root,  Order, 
PolemoniacesB ;  indigenous,  flowering  in  May; 
has  been  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant. 

POLENTA,  Alphiton. 

POLES,  Chalazas. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teucrium 
Creticum — p.  Mountain  of  Montpelier,  Teucrium 
capitatum. 

POLIATER,  from  iroAif,  < a  town/  and  tarecs,  'a 
physician/  A  physician  exercising  his  profession 
in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of  the  government. 
— Castelli. 

POLICE',  MEDICAL,  Politi'a  med'iea,  Poli- 
tobiotherapi'a,  Medici' na  politico,  State  med'i- 
cine,  Political  med'icine.  Hygienic  rules  estab- 
lished, or  to  be  established,  for  the  prevention  of 
disease,  and  to-  contribute  to  the  progress  of  me- 
dicine. The  salubrity  of  districts,  especially  dur- 
ing the  existence  of  spreading  disease,  is  greatly 
ensured  by  an  efficient  medical  police. 

POLICLIN'ICA,  from  voXtf,  'a  town,'  and 
k\ivtj,  '  a  bed.'    Treatment  of  diseases  in  a  town. 

POLIO'SIS,  Tricho'sie  polio' sis,  Spilo'sis  poli- 
o'eie,  GanWiee.  Hair  prematurely  gray  or  hoary. 
The  state  of  becoming  gray. 

POLITIA  MEDICA,  Police,  medical. 

POLITOBIOTHERAPIA,  Police,  medical. 

POLIUM    CAPITATUM,    Teucrium 
tatum. 


POLIUM 


698 


POIiXttUJXUM 


POLIUM  CRETICUM,  Teucrium  Creticum— 
to.  Montanum,  Teucrium  capitatum. 

POLLEN,  (L.)  PoU*n,  Pollis,  waXn,  ««Mt* 
The  fecundating  dust  contained  in  the  anthers  of 
Bowers,  which  is  dispersed  on  the  stigma. 

POLLEX,  An'ticheir,  Prom'anus,  Dig"itus  pri- 
mus sea  magnus,  from  pollers,  'to  have  much 
strength.'  (F.)  Pouee.  The  first  of  the  fingers 
in  she  and  strength.  It  is  asserted  that  the  term 
poltroon  is  derived  from  Pol' lid  trvnea'to;—  the 
Romans  who  were  desirous  of  being  exempted 
from  military  service  being  accustomed  to  cut  off 
the  thumb,  and  thus  render  themselves  unfit  to 
handle  arms. 

Pollex,  see  Digitus. 

Pollbx  Pedis,  Hallus,  Hallux.  The  great  toe. 
POLLINC'TOR,  PolUnc'ter,  (L.)  In  antiquity, 
an  anointer,  dresser,  or  embalmer  of  the  dead. 
POLLINCTURA,  Embalming. 
POLLIS,  Pollen. 

POLLOD'IC,  Pollod'icus;  from  xoXw,  'many,' 
and  '•be,  '  a  way.'  An  epithet  proposed  by  Dr. 
Marshall  Hall  for  a  course  of  nervous  action  pro- 
ceeding from  one  point  in  many  directions  to 
every  other. 

POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 
POLLU'TION,  Pollu'tio,  from  polluo,  '  I  pro- 
fane.' The  excretion  of  the  seminal  liquor  or 
sperm  at  other  times  than  during  coition.  When 
occasioned  by  a  voluntary  act,  it  is  called  simply 
Pollution  or  Masturbation;  when  excited  during 
sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams,  it  takes  the  name 
Nocturnal  pollution,  Exoneiro'sis,  Oneirog'mos, 
Oneirog'onos,  Oneirogonorrhce'a,  Exoneirog'mue, 
Spermatoclem'ma,  Spermatoelep'sis,  Spermatolep'- 
«t«,  Spermatolip'sis,  Gonorrhoea  dormien'tium,  G. 
oneirog'onos,  6.  vera,  G.  libidino'sa,  Projlu'vium 
sem'intf,  Spermatorrhea' a,  Paronir'ia  salax,  Night 
pollution,  (F.)  Pollution  involontaire. 

POLLUTION  INVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
—p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution— p.  Self,  Masturbation 
—p.  Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLY,  Polys,  *oAt>f,  'many,  full/    Hence: 
POLYACTIUM  TRISTE,  Pelargonium  triste. 
POLY^MIA,  Plethora. 
POLY^MIC,  Plethoric. 
POLY^MICUS,  Plethoric. 
POLYANH^MIA,  Anssmia. 
POLYANH&MIE,  Aniemia. 
POLYANTH'ES  TUBEfcO'SA,  Amarucachu. 
The  root  is  cut  into  slips  and  laid  upon  the  bites 
of  serpents  by  the  Peruvian  Indians. 

POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  mAvt,  'much/  and 
BXtwa,  '  mucus.'  Excessive  secretion  of  mucus. 
POLYBREPHIA,  Pregnancy,  complex. 
POLYCARP'-fi,  from  nXur,  '  many,'  and  xap- 
not,  'fruit'  A  division  of  cutaneous  diseases  of 
the  family  Ec*ematosen,of  Fuchs,  including 
Psoriasis,  Lichen,  Herpes,  and  Impetigo. 

POLY'CERAS,  from  *o\vs,  'many,'  and  «paf, 
*  horn.'  A  monstrous  animal  having  many  horns. 
—  Gurlt 

POLYCHO'LIA,  Perieho'lia,  Bypereho'lia, 
from  *o\vs, '  much,'  and  voX*, '  bis*/  Superabun- 
dance of  bile;  such  as  is  supposed  to  exist  in 
bilious  fevers. 

POLYCHREST'US,  from  wsXvt,  'much/  and 
Xpirrref,  'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.  An 
ancient  name  for  certain  medicines  considered  to 
be  useful  in  many  diseases. 
POLYCHRONIUS,  Chronic. 
POLYCHY'LIA,  from  *o\vs,  'much/  and  x***St 
'juice/    Polychy'mia.    Fulness  of  juices. 

POLYCHYMIA,  Polyohylia— p.  Sanguinea, 
Plethora> 
POLYCLIN'ICA,  from   iroX»*  'much/  and 


Provided  with  many  beda  j— as  i 


(Aw,  '*»*.' 
hospital. 

POLYCOR'IA,  from  «*X«,  and  me*  «tka  pa- 
pU.'  The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than  one 
pupiL — Von  Ammon. 

POLYCYE'SIA,PoJycye'm,from*eX»ft  'many/ 
and  mete,  'pregnancy/  Frequent  or  quickly  re- 
curring pregnancies :  also,  compound  pregnancy. 

POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perusodac'  tylu*,  from 
veXvf, '  many/  and  SamXos,  '  a  finger/  One  wha 
has  a  supernumerary  finger  or  fingers,  or  toes. 

POLYDIPSIA,  from  wo\vt,  'much/  and  *** 


'thirst/  Sitis  morbo'sa  sen  inten'sa,  Polypo'tia, 
Dipso'sis  avens,  Excessive  thirst,  (F.)  SoiJ  exces- 
sive. A  constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a  sense 
of  dryness  in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It  is  meetly 
symptomatic  of  fever,  inflammation,  dropsy,  e*> 
cessive  discharges,  Ac,  and  is  so  much  a  part  of 
diabetes,  that  it  has  been  called  Polydipsia. 

POLYG'ALA,  from  *eX*f,  'much/  and  ymXm, 
'  milk  /  P.  vulga'ris,  Common  Milkwort.  Fondly, 
Rhinanthoidese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelpbia  Octandria. 
The  leaves  are  bitter,  and  are  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  polygala  amara. 

Polygala  Ama'ra,  P.  amareVla  seu  vulga'ris, 
Bitter  Milkwort.  A  powerful  bitter  ;  and,  eoaft- 
quently,  tonic.  Its  reputed  virtues  are  balsamic, 
demulcent,  and  corroborant.  The  Polygala  ru- 
bel'la,  or  Bitter  Polygala  of  the  United  States, 
has  the  same  virtues. 

Polygala  Amarblla,  P.  amara  —  p.  Bitter, 
see  P.  amara— p.  Grandiflora,  P.  senega. 

POLYG'ALA  Patjcifo'liA,   Triclispcr'mx*  ff***- 
dijlo'ra,  Dwarf  Milkwort,  Little  PaUotn,  Ever- 
green Snakeroot,  (F.)  Poly  gale  naine,  y 
the  same  properties  as  P.  Senega. 

Polyg'ala  Sen 'eg  a,  P.  Yirginia'na  i 
diflo'ra,  Sen'eka,  Rattlesnake  Milkwort,  Semfm 
or  Rattlesnake  root,  (F.)  Polygale  de  Viryimt  ou 
de  Seneka.  The  bark  is  the  active  part  of  the 
root.  Its  taste  is  at  first  acrid,  and  afterwards 
very  hot  and  pungent.  It  was  once  esteemed  to 
be  specific  against  the  poison  of  the  raUleesafce 
and  in  pleurisy,  pneumonia,  Ac,  after  the  inflam- 
matory action  had  been  got  under.  It  ha?  beea 
given  also  in  humoral  asthma,  chronic  rhease*- 
tism,  dropsy,  croup,  ainenorrhcea,  Ac  Accord- 
ing to  Peschier,  it  oontains  three  particular  prin- 
ciples, Polyg'aline  or  Sen'egine*  /eol'umne,  and 
Polyg'alie  Acid.  Dose,  gr.  30  to  40  of  the  powder 

Polygala  Serpkwta'ria.    A  shrub  of  Cafia- ' 
ria,  the  root  of  which  is  considered  by  the  aativei 
as  a  sure  antidote  against  the  bite*  of  Tenomoai 
serpents. 

Polygala  VrBGnnANA,  P.  senega — p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  amara. 

POLYGALACTIA,   Pdyfa'li*,    from 
'  much/  and  ya\a, '  milk.'    Superabundant  i 
tion  of  milk ;  galactia. 

POLYGALE  NAINE,  Polygala  paneiJb&a-- 
p.  de  Virginie,  Polygala  Virginiana. 
POLYGALIA,  Polygalactia. 
POLYGALINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
POLYGONATUM,   Convallaria  polygouataa 
— p.  Anoeps,  Convallaria  polygon  abim — p.  11a- 
tiflorum,  Convallaria  multiflora  —  p.  Unisons*. 
Convallaria  polygonatam — p.  Vulgare,  CoavaSsr 
ria  polygonatum. 

POLYGONUM,  P.  aiicula'ri,  from  «X* 
'much/  and  yovn,  'seed.'  P.  ccntino'dimm  set 
erec'tum,  Centino'dia,  Centumno'dia,  2taft«W«* 
Sanguina'lis  OorrWfiola,  Scutguina'riet,  AW- 
grass,  Knotweed,  (F.)  Renouie,  TVomaaaa,  0«^- 
node.  Family,  Polygoneso.  Sex*  Syst.  Octan^Ra 
Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a  feeble  aiMsi 
gent. 
Polygonttm  AcRB,  P.  hydroplper. 


POLYOOKUM  BiSTOR'TA,  P.  bUtortoVde*,  Bistor- 
ta,  Colubrina,  Offic"inal  Bistort,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snakeweed.  The  root  is  a  powerful  astringent 
and  tonic  j  and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  in- 
ternal hemorrhage,  atonic  diarrhoea,  ague,  Ac. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  Xj. 

Polygonum  Butobtodes,  P.biatorta— p.  Cen- 
tinodium,  P.  aYicnlare. 

Polygonum  Divarica'tum;  Eastern  Buck- 
vikeat  plant.  The  roots,  reduced  to  a  coarse  meal, 
are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an  article  of  diet  by 
the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Erectum,  P.  aYicnlare. 

Polygon  dm  Fagop'yrum,  Fagop'yrum,  F. 
esculent' um,  Trit'icum  Fagi'num,  Buckwheat,  (F.) 
Sarrasin,  Bli  noir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  con- 
stitutes a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  Russia,  Germany,  and  Switzerland. 
It  is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydrop'ipbr,  P.  aerit  Hydropi- 
>er,  Persica'ria  wen$,  Mercu'rius  terret'trit,  Poor 


Mi 


Tan's  Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  J^akeweed, 
Water-pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  d'eau.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant  have  an  acrid,  burning  taste,  and  re- 
semble those  of  the  arum.  They  have  been  re- 
commended as  possessing  antiseptic,  aperient, 
and  diurotio  virtues.  The  fresh  leaves  have 
been  applied  externally  as  a  stimulating  cata- 
plasm. 

Polygonum  HydropipbboIdbs,  P.  punetatam. 

Polygonum  Persica'ria,  Persiearia,  P.  minor 
sen  mitis,  Plumba'go,  Arse-smart,  (F.)  Persieaire 
douce.  This  plant  is  said  to  possess  vulnerary 
and  antiseptic  qualities.  It  has  been  given  in 
wine  to  arrest  gangrene. 

Polygonum  Pusota'tum,  P.  hydropiperoi'des, 
Water  pepper  of  America,  Smartweed,  possesses 
similar  properties  to  Polygonum  hydropiper,  and 
is  occasionally  used  internally  in  gravel,  and  ex- 
ternally in  chronic  ulcers*  A  fluidrachm  of  the 
saturated  tincture  has  been  extolled  in  amenor- 
rhea. 

Polygonum  Virginia'ntjm,  Wand-spiked  Per- 
sica'ria Virgin' ia  Bistort ;  indigenous;  is  astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  tonic 

POLYGROMA  Staphyloma. 

POLYHI'DRIA,  Polvl'dria,  PolyMro'sis,  from 
tokos,  'much/  and  'tSpwf,  'sweat'  Excessive 
sweating. 

POLYHYDRIA,  Hydrops. 

POLYHYPERHJEMIA,  Plethora, 

POLYIDRIA,  Polyhidria. 

POLYIDROSIS,  Polyhidria. 

POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca. 

POLYMASTH'US,  Pleiomas'tkus,  from  wXwj, 
'many/  and  paebos,  'breast.'  A  monster  having 
several  breasts. — Qurlt  The  condition  has  been 
called  Poluma'zia,  and  Pleioma'xia. 

POLYMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

POLYMERIA,  Polymerismus— p.  Promiscua 
translative  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMERIS'MUS,  Polymer1  ia,  from  *«X«* 
'  much,1  and  ji£fw, '  a  part'  A  monstrosity,  wh  ioh 
consists  in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  organs; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand. 

POLYNEURON,  Plantago. 

POLYOP'SIA,  Pol'yopy,  from  iroAwj,  'much,' 
and  o4>k,  'sight'  Vision  is  so  called,  when  mul- 
tiple. 

POLYOPY,  Polyopsia. 

POLYOREX'IA,  from  iroX»f,  'much/  and  opefa, 
'appetite.'  Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.  A 
genus  in  the  gastroses  of  M.  Alibert 

POLYPE'RIA,  from  wo\vSf  'much/  and  m^r, 
'mutilated.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  va- 
rious parts  or  organs. — Good. 

POLYPHAGIA,  Multivoran'tia,  from  *oXw, 
4 much/  and  fayw,  'I  eat'    Voracity.    Faculty 


of  eating  or  subsisting  on  many  kinds  of  food. 
See  Boulimia.  ' 

POLYPH'AGOUS.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  polyphagia. 

POLYPHARMACI'A,  Polyphaim'acy;  from 
iroXvf,  '  much/  and  fapuaicov,  '  a  medicine/  The  * 
prescribing  of  too  many  medicines.  A  prescrip- 
tion, consisting  of  a  number  of  medicines ;  hence 
the  name  Polyphmr'macus,  given  to  one  who  is 
in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number  of  medicines, 
and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded  with  ingre- 
dients.   The  term  is  taken  in  bad  part 

POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 

POLYPIFORM  CONCRETIONS,  see  Polypus. 

POLYPIONIA,  see  Polysarcia— p.  Infantum, 
see  Polysarcia. 

POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplas*ticns,  from  «W, 
'much/  and  n\avewf  'I  form/  That  which  has 
many  shapes. 

Polyplastio  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape ;  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others. — Gerber. 

POLYPODI'TBS.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLYPO'DIUM,  P.  Vulga'ri,  P.Virginia'num 
seu  pinnati/'idum,  Filic'ula  dulcis,  Common  Pol'- 
ypody,  Fern  root,  Rock  Brake,  Brake  root.  This 
fern  grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls,  Ac.,  in 
both  hemispheres.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as 
a  eholagogue,  and  was  given  in  head  diseases.  It 
is  not  used  now. 

Polypodium  Adiantuorme,  see  Calagual* 
radix  —  p.  Ammifolium,  see  Calaguato  radix 
— p.  Argenteum,  see  Calagualo)  radix  —  p.  Ca- 
laguala,  Calaguato  radix  —  p.  Coriaceum,  see 
Calagualss  radix  —  p.  Dentatum,  Agplenium  fllix 
foemina — p.Filix  foemina,  Asplenium  fllix  foemina. 

Polypo'dium  Filix  Mas,  Aspid'ium  Filix  Mat, 
A.  depas*tum  sen  ero'sum,  Filix  pinna' ta,  Pteris, 
Athyr'ium  Filix  Mas,  Blechnon,  Poly rrhi' ton, 
Blancnon  Oriba'sii,  Lonchi'tis,  Filic'ula,  Male 
Polypody  or  Fern,  Filix  mas,  F.  non  romo'sa 
denta'ta,  Nepkro'dium  crena'tum,  N.  Filix  mas, 
Polys*  ticum  eallip'teris,  P.  filix  mas,  (F.)  Fouglre 
mdle.  Nat.  Ord.  Filicee.  Sex.  Syst.  Cryptoga* 
mia  Filicee.  The  rhisoma  of  this  plant  has  been 
much  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  cases 
of  tenia.  It  was  the  basis  of  a  once  celebrated 
remedy — Madame  Nouffer's,  but,  perhaps,  more 
of  the  efficacy  was  to  be  attributed  to  the  active 
purgatives  by  which  it  was  followed  than  to  the 
fern.  Dose,  Jij  to  giij  of  the  powdered  solid  part 
of  the  root j  followed  in  the  morning  by  a  strong 
cathartic  of  camboge  or  jalap.  An  ethereal  ex- 
tract has  been  proposed  by  Dr.  Pesch  ier,  of  Geneva. 

Polypo'dium  Inca'kum,  Pol' ypody,  Rock 
Brake;  indigenous ;  has  been  considered  demul- 
cent, cathartic  and  anthelmintic. 

Polypo'dium  Ircisum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina 
— p.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p.  Pennati- 
fidum,  P.  vulgare — p.  Politum,  see  Calagualss 
radix — p.  Trifidum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p. 
Virginianum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Vulgare,  Polypo- 
dium. 

POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum— p.  Com- 
mon, Polypodium  vulgare— p.  Male,  Polypodium 
fllix  mas. 

POL'YPOID,  PolypcU'desj  from  polypus,  and 
ti&os,  'form/  Having  the  shape  of,  or  resembling, 
a  polypus. 

POLYPORUS  IGNIARIUS,  Boletus  igntariu* 
— p.  Officinalis,  Boletus  lsricis. 

POLYPOSIA,  iroXmrovia,  from  ™Xo*,  'much/ 
and  iro<M{,  'drink/  Great  thirst— desire  for  drink. 
Polydipsia. 

POLYPOUS,  Polypo'sus:  same  etymon  as  the 
next  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or  resembling 
polypus. 


POLYPUS 


700 


POMMADE 


POLTPUS,  Pteudometamorpho'si*  polypo'sa, 
from  *oXuf, '  many/  and  *<wf,  '  a  foot'  A  name 
given  to  tumours,  which  occur  in  mnoons  mem- 
branes especially ;  and  which  hare  been  compared 
to  certain  zoophytes.  Polypi  may  form  on  every 
mucous  membrane.  They  are  most  commonly 
observed  in  the  nasal  fossae,  pharynx,  and  uterus ; 
more  rarely  in  the  stomach,  intestines,  bronchial 
tubes,  bladder,  and  meatus  auditories  externus. 
They  vary  much  in  site,  number,  mode  of  adhe- 
sion, and  intimate  nature.  Accordingly,  they 
have  received  various  appellations ;  mucou*,  soft, 
veeic'ular,  when  their  substance  has  been  soft, 
spongy,  vesicular,  and,  as  it  were,  gorged  with 
fluid.  Others  have  been  called  hard;  and  these 
have  been  distinguished  into  fibroue  qt  fU*hy,  and 
into  teirrhou*  or  cancerou*.  Fibroue  polypi, 
Pol'ypifibro'ri,  Inopol'ypi,  aro  of  a  dense,  compact 
texture,  and  whitish  colour.  They  contain  few 
vessels,  and  do  not  degenerate  into  cancer.  The 
edrrhou*  or  carcinomatous  are  true  cancerous 
tumours,  painful  and  bleeding.  They  present  all 
the  pathological  changes  which  belong  to  cancer- 
ous affections,  and  the  prognosis  is  of  course  un- 
favourable. 

The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  used  to 
destroy  them  have  been,  1.  To  subject  them  to 
the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  or  solu- 
tions, to  obtain  their  resolution.  2.  Cauterisation 
or  the  application  of  the  actual  cautery  or  caus- 
tics. 8.  Excision  or  ablation  with  a  cutting  in- 
strument 4.  Extirpation  with  the  fingers  or  with 
the  polypus  forceps.  5.  A  ligature,  put  round 
them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nutrition.  A  seton 
has,  also,  been  sometimes  used  to  gradually  de- 
stroy the  pedicle. 

The  term  Polypi,  PeeudopoPypi,  Carditis  po- 
ly po'ta,  Pol1 ypi 'form  Concreftion*,(¥.)  Concretion* 
SUypeuses  ou  poly  pi  formes  ou  sanguine*  du  Cceur, 
imocardioplastiee,  (Piorry,)  has  likewise  been 
applied  to  collections  of  blood — fibrinous  concre- 
tions —  found  in  the  heart  or  great  vessels  after 
dissolution.  These  were  once,  erroneously,  re- 
garded as  morbid.  The  pretence  of  these  con- 
cretions may  be  suspected,  when  in  the  course  of 
an  acute  or  chronic  affection  of  the  heart,  or  at 
the  close  of  chronic  diseases  in  general — especially 
those  of  the  lungs  —  the  heart's  action  becomes 
suddenly  tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  general 
symptoms  indicate  the  effects  of  obstructed  circu- 
lation. The  right  cavities  are  most  frequently 
affected. 

Pol'ypus  Bronchi  a'lib,  Bronchlemmi'tie, 
Bronchi' t is  membrana'cea,  B.  plastic.  Bronchial 
Group,  Chronic  Croup  (?)  P*eudo-mem'  branou* 
Bronchitis.  A  membraniform  secretion  in  the 
bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character,  having 
the  shape,  when  un expectorated,  of  the  bronchia. 
It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  those  tubes. 

Polypus  Carnosus,  Sarcoma — p.  Fibrosus,  see 
Polypus  —  p.  Uteri,  Metropolypus. 

POLYRRHIZON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYRRHCEA,  Profluvium. 

POLYSAR'CIA,  Polysarco'eie,  from  vo\vs, 
'much/  and  aatf,  'flesh/  Carnofita*,  Polyno- 
maftia,  Adelipa'ria,  Corputen'tia,  Steati'te*.  Ex- 
cessive corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished 
two  varieties  of  this :  —  Polysarcia  Carno'sa, 
Corpulency,  and  P.  Adtpo'sa,  Polypio'nia}  Pi- 
wulo'tunim'ia  Pachye'mu*,  Pachyn'sis,  Obts'itae, 
Byperptm'elit,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'eie,  Polyear'eia 
faginc'to,  Empyme'lium  polyear'eia,  Baryeo'mia, 
Barysomat'ica,  Lipo'sis,  Lipar'otcs,  Lipas'ma, 
Pinauitu'do,  Pin'guitude,  Obee'ity,  (F.)  ObMtS, 
Embonpoint  exccssif.    A  severe  regimen  and  ex- 


ercise are  the  best  preventives.  Children  are 
occasionally  met  with  of  unusual  fatness,  in  spits 
of  every  care.  This  moibid  deposition  has  been 
termed  Polypio'nia  infantum,  and  Cklorx/*i*  gi- 
gante'a. 

Polysarcia  Yisckruv,  Physconia  adiposa, 

POLYSARCOSIS,  Polysarcia. 

FOLYSIA'LIA ;  from  voAvt,  'much/  and  w- 
Xov,  '  saliva.'    Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 

POLYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia. 

POLYSPAS'TON,  from  *oA»r,  'much/  and 
<rra», '  I  draw/  A  powerful  instrument  for  re- 
ducing luxations. — Gorrous. 

POLYSPERMIA;  from  woXvs,  'much/  and 
awtpua,  *  sperm.'    Richness  or  fulness  of  sperm. 

POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS,  Polypodia* 
filix  mas — p.  Filix  Mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA,  see  Worms— 
— p.  Venarum,  see  Worms. 

POL  YTRIC,  Asplenium  trichomanoidec. 

POLYT/RICHUM,  from  roAo*  'much/  and 
3* <?,  '  hair/  Polyt'ricon,  Polyt'rxchmm  vulaa'ri, 
Adian'tum  au'reum,  Golden  Maiden-hair,  (F.) 
Perce-mousse.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties, and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

POLYTRJCHUM  COMMUNE,  Asplenium  tri-. 
chomanoides. 

POLYTROPH'IA,  from  n\vc,  'much/  ** 
rpc^w,  'I  nourish/  Abundant  or  excessive  nu- 
trition, 

POLYURESIS,  Diabetes. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  ir«X*f,  'much/  and  c 
'  urine.'    Sauvages  calls — lechu'ria  poiyu'r 
kind  of  ischuria,  caused  by  accumulation  of  i 
in  the  bladder. 

POMA,  Drink— p.  Chinensia,  see  Citrus  sa- 
rantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Pomma'tum,  (F.)  PomewU,  Li- 
paroU.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  employed 
only  externally;  which  differs  but  little  from  an 
ointment,  except  in  having  generally  less  consist- 
ence. It  is  usually  made  aromatic,  and  coloured 
to  render  it  more  agreeable. 

Common  Pomatum  is  made  of  lard,  12tbs;  emit, 
4tt>s;  essence,  Jvig. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Deitdxcejtda,  Cerate  for 
the  lips  —  p.  Epispasticum  flavum,  TTngaentam 
lyttrn  medicatam  aliud —  p.  Epispasticum  rinds, 
Ac,  Unguentum  lyttsa  medicatum  —  p,  for  tas 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Kitricuin  vel  oxyxe- 
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitroei  —  p.  Satarai, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMBALEA  IPECACUANHA,  see  Ipecaca- 


POMEGRANATE,  Punioa 

POMILIUS,  see  Nanus. 

POMMADE,  Pomatum— p.  cTAlvon,  Unguen- 
tum acidi  nitrosi— p,  AntipeoHque  ae  Josser,  Un- 
guentum sulphuris  oompositum — p.  rfMvfenrMti, 
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati — p.  de  CyriBe, 
Unguentum  muriatU  hydrargyri  oxygenate  m*» 
dioatus — p.  jSpiepaetique  jaune,  Unguents* 
lyttss  medicatum  aliud — p.  ipiepaetiatse  vrr% 
Unguentum  lytUe  medicatum — p.  de  Qawm,  Un- 
guentum epispasticum  de  daphne  guidio. 

POMMADE  DEGONDRET,  P.  ammm 
de  Gondret  (P.),  Gondref*  CowUerirriUrnt,  4 
drete  ammoniacal  Caustic  Liq.  ammo*,  p.  q; 
Sevi,  p.  j ;  OL  amygdaL  p.  j ;  M.  Used  to  excise 
a  speedy  revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  ajfecooa* 
of  the  brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis,  4c,  SB 
well  as  to  cauterise  the  integuments  deeply. 

The  above  formula,  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  It  is  merit 
too  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  vara*. 


Ha  proposes  two  formulas  one  for  rammer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  the  former  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  §uett  and  four  of  liquor  am- 
monia; in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and 
liquor  ammonia. 

POMMADE  POUR  LBS  LllVRES,  Cerate 
for  the  lips—*.  Ophthalmique  (Regent's,)  Unguen- 
tom  ophthalmioum — p.  OxygtnSe,  Unguentum 
acidi  nitrosi — p.  StibiSe,  Unguentum  antimonii 
tartariiati. 

POMME,  see  Pyrus  mains— p.  cPAdam,  Po- 
mum  Adami—p.  d' Amour,  Solanum  lyeopersicum 
— p.  Epineuse,  Datura  stramonium  — p.  de  Mer- 
veiUe,  Momordiea  balsamica — p.  Mousseuse,  Be- 
degar — p.  de  Terre,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMMES  HJSMORRHOlDALES,  see  Vis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTB,  see  Mala  os. 

POMMIER,  Pyrus  mains. 

POMPH'OLYX,  from  *oH<p0<,  'a  Madder.'  A 
small  vesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of  bulla 
or  bleb*,  appearing  without  any  inflammation 
around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is  the  Ec- 
phlysis  Pompholyx  of  Good.    Bee  Pemphigus. 

Pompholyx,  Tutia,  Zinol  oxydum. 

POMPION,  Cucurhita  pepo. 

POMUM  ADA'MI,  (P.)  Pomme  cVAdam,  Ad- 
am's  Apple.  The  projection  formed  by  the  thyroid 
cartilage  in  the  neck — of  males  particularly.  It 
Is  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it  was  caused  by 
the  apple  sticking  in  the  throat  of  our  first  parent 

Poxux  Axonis,  Testicle— p.  Hierosolymitanum, 
Momordiea  balsamina — p.  Melongenss,  see  Sola- 
num melongena  —  p.  Mirabile,  Momordiea  Bal- 
samina—  p.  Sptnosum,  Datura  stramonium* 

PONCTION,  Puncturing. 

POND  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONDERA  ET  MENSURJB,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONDUS,  Pudibilia— p.  Pharmaceuticum,  see 
Weights  and  Measures. 

PONOITIF,  Pungent 

PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii— p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula  —  p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

Pons  Varo'lii,  Pone  CerebeVli,  Corpus  annu- 
la're",  Proces'sus  annularis,  Prominentia  annula'- 
rie  cerebri,  Eminen'tia  annularis,  Varo'lfs  bridge, 
Nodus  enceph'ali  vel  Cerebri,  Cerebral  protuber- 
ance, Protuberan'tia  annula'ris  WilUsii,  (F.) 
Protuberance  ceribrale,  P.  annulaire,  Misence'- 
phale,  Mesocfphale,  Pont  de  Varole,  Annular  pro- 
tuberance. An  eminence  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
medulla  oblongata,  first  described  by  Varolius. 
It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  crura  oerebri  and 
crura  eerebelli. 

Pons  Ztgomaticub,  Zygomatic  arch. 

PONTE,  see  Parturition  —p.  Periodique,  see 
Parturition. 

PONTEDERIA  CORDATA,TJaisemadeltifolia. 

PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM.  Artemisia  Pon- 
tica. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron  —  p. 
Balm  of  Gilead,  Populus  Candlcans  —  p.  Black, 
Populus — p.  Tree,  Liriodendron — p.  Tulip-bear- 
ing, Liriodendron. 

POPLES,  Gare'tum,  Oarretum,  Ignys,  Ig'nyi, 
Suffra'go,  Fossa  genu,  Fossa  poplitm'a,  the  Ham, 
the  Hough,  Hock,  (F.)  Jarret,  from  post,  and  plica, 
'  I  fold/  The  posterior  part  of  the  knee  joint 
The  ham  forms  what  is  called  the  popliteal  region 
or  space. 

POPLITJEUS,  Popliteal  muscle. 

POPLITJi,  PoplitsBus  muscle. 

POPLITEAD,  see  Popliteal  aspect 

Popwte'al,  PoplitaVus,  Poplit'ic,  from  poples, 


'the  ham/  That  which  relates  io  ih«  ham.  A 
name  given  to  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artery  —  Popliteal  portion  of  the 
crural,  —  (Ch.)  is  really  a  continuation  of  the 
femoral,  which  changes  its  name  on  passing 
through  the  adductor  magnus  muscle.  It  de- 
scends a  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hollow 
of  the  ham,  and  extends  from  the  commencement 
of  the  lower  third  of  the  thigh  to  the  end  of  the 
upper  quarter  of  the  leg,  where  it  terminates  by 
dividing  into  the  posterior  tibial  and  peroneal 
arteries.  In  the  ham,  it  gives  off  the  three  supe- 
rior  articular  arteries  ;  and,  at  the  top  of  the  le& 
the  arteries  of  the  gemini  muscles  or  gemini 
branches,  (F.)  branches  iumelles,  the  tiro  inferior 
articular  arteries,  and  the  tibialis  antica. 

Popliteal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  poples  or  ham  is  situated. 
Barclay.  Poplite'ad  is  used  by  the  same  writer 
adverbially,  and  signifies  'towards  the  popliteal 
aspect' 

Popliteal  Fossa,  Poples. 

Poplite'al  Glands,  Qlan'dula  popUta*. 
Lymphatic  glands,  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
popliteal  region  or  space. 

Popliteal  Muscle,  Poplitaus  Muscle,  Muscle* 
Jarretier,  FSmoro-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.,)  Subpop- 
liteal, (F.)  Muscle  poplitt,  is  seated  in  the  pop- 
liteal region.  It  is  triangular,  long,  flat ;  and  is 
inserted,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon,  into  the  tuberosity  at  the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle 
bends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and,  reciprocally,  the 
thigh  on  the  leg.  When  the  leg  is  bent,  it  causes 
it  to  turn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 

Popliteal  Nerves.  They  result  from  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  number, 
vis.  1.  The  external  popliteal,  Peroneal  nerve, 
Branche  pironiere,  (Ch.)  It  is  smaller  than  the 
internal ;  turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  leg,  and  divides  into  the  »w- 
culo-cutaneous  branch,  nerfprttibio-digital,  (Ch.) 
and  the  anterior  tibial,  ner/prStibio-susphalangS^ 
taire,  (Ch.)  2.  The  internal  poplite'al  nerve, 
Branche  tibiale,  (Ch.)  which  is  larger  than  the 
other,  and  seems  to  be  the  real  continuation  of 
the  sciatic  nerve.  It  descends  vertically  into  the 
hollow  of  the  ham;  and  passes  beneath  the  apo- 
neurotic arch  of  the  Solaris  muscle,  beyond  which 
it  takes  the  name  tibial  nerve.  It  furnishes 
the  external  saphena  nerve,  and  a  number  of 
branches,  that  are  distributed  to  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg.  It  then  passes  to  the  sole  of 
the  foot  to  be  divided  into  two  branches,  called 
Plantar  nerves. 

Popliteal  Region,  Poples— p.  Space,  Poples. 

Popliteal  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  artery  behind  which  it  is  situate. 

POPLITIC,  Popliteal. 

POPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

POPPY,  CELANDINE,  Stylophorum  diphyl- 
lum  —  p.  Corn,  red,  Papaver  rhoeas  —  p.  Heads, 
see  Papaver— p.  Horn,  Stylophorum  diphyllum — 
p.  Juice,  Meconium — p.  Prickly,  Argemone  Mexl- 
cana — p.  Spotling,  Cucurbalus  Behen — p.  Thorn, 
Argemone  Mexicana —  p.  White,  Papaver — p. 
White,  capsule,  see  Papaver. 

POP'ULUS,  Populus  nigra,  JBgeVros,  Ache- 
ro*is,  Black  poplar,  (F.)  Peuplier  noir.  The 
young  buds,  oculi  or  rudiments  of  the  leaves, 
which  appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  were 
formerly  used  in  an  officinal  ointment — the  «n- 
guen'tnm  popule'um.  It  was,  also,  recommended 
in  chronic  affections  of  the  lungs. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulus  TremuloVdes,  American 
aspen,  of  P.  Trex'ula  sen  pen'dula,  Europe** 
aspen,  and  of  Populus  Can'dican s,l?afaio/  Qiieai 


PORCELAINS 


70J 


PORRIGO 


Poplar,  is  antiperiodic,  and  furnishes  •aUcin  and 
populin,  in  which  the  properties  probably  reside. 
Popumjs  Balsamifbra,  seeFagaraoetandra— 
p.  Candioans,  see  Populus— p.  Pendula,  P.  tremula 
—p.  Tacamahaca,  see  Fagara  octandra— p.  Tre- 
mnla,  see  Populus— p.  Tremuloides,  see  Populus. 
PORCELAtNE,  Essera,  Urticaria. 
PORCELLIO,  Oniscus. 
PORCELLUS,  Oniscus. 
PORCULUS,  Oniscus. 
PORCUPINE  DISEASE,  Ichthyosis. 
Porcupine  Mich,  Eehinoder'mi.    Persons  have 
been  so  called  in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in 
the  form  of  pointed  prolongations,  as  if  it  had 
been  moulded  on  the  papillae,  like  the  shorter  and 
blunter  quills  of  the  porcupine. 
POROUS,  Vulva, 
PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  Port*,  In'teretiee,  mpos,  'a  passage.' 
Anatomists  hare  given  this  name  to  the  openings 
at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface  of  dif- 
ferent membranes.  Exhalant  Porks  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  in  the  exhalants,  to  transmit 
the  fluids  exhaled.  —  Absorbext  Pores  are  em- 
ployed in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to  enter  the 
circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuticle;  yet  Hum- 
boldt, with  a  powerful  magnifying-glass,  was  un- 
able to  observe  them.  The  pores  of  the  skin 
have  also  been  called  epira'cula. 
POREBLIND,  Myopie. 

PORI  BILIA'RII,  Ductue  bilia'rii,  Sur'euli 
feU'ei.  Ducts  which  receive  the  bile  from  the 
penicilli  of  the  liver,  and  convey  it  to  the  hepatio 
duct. 

Pori  Cuta'nei,  P.  Exhalan'tee  seu  Sudoriferi 
sen  Reeorben'tee.    The  pores  of  the  skin. 

Pori  Exhalahtbs,  P.  cutanei — p.  Pulmonum, 
Cellules,  bronchic— p.  Resorbentes,  P.  cutanei — 
p.  Sudoriferi,  P.  cutanei. 

POROCE'LE,  from  r»po*  callus/  and  K9A9, 
'  a  tumour.'    A  hard  tumour  of  the  testiole  or  its 
envelopes. 
POROMA,  Induration. 
POROMPHALOCELE,  Poromphalon. 
POROM'PHALON,  PoromphfaUu,  Porompha- 
looe'le,   from   napef,   'hard,'   and  op*oA«,    'the 
navel.1    Umbilical  hernia  with  hard  and  thick- 
ened parietes. 
POROS,  Canal. 

POROSIS,  Chalaza,  Induration. 
POROT'IC,  Porotieue,  from  wupos,  'callus. 
A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of  assisting  the 
formation  of  callus. 

PORPHYRA,  Purpura  — p.  Grsacorum,  Pe- 
techia) —  p.  Hsemorrhagiea,  Purpura  hemorrha- 
gica. 
PORPHYRISMA,  Scarlatina. 
PORPHYRISMUS,  Scarlatina. 
PORPHYRIZATION,  Levigation. 
PORPHYRO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 
PORPHYRU'RIA,PorpAyu'rta;  from  *otfvpa, 
'purple,'  and  ovpov,  *  urine.'    A  state  of  the  urine 
— purpuric  uHne  —  in  which  it  deposits  the  re- 
markable colouring  matter— pur'purine — in  asso- 
ciation with  urate  of  ammonia. 

POR'PHYRY,  Porphyri'tee,  from  m*f»*a» 
'purple.'    A  species  of  very  hard,  compound 
rook,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and  used 
In  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for  the 
apothecary. 
Porphyry,  Black,  Ophites. 
PORPHYURIA,  Porphyrons. 
PORRACti,  Porraceous. 
PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceue,  Pra'tinue,  from 
vormm,  'a  leek.'     (F.)  Porract.    Having  the 
colour  of  the  leek.    An  epithet  given  to 


certain  excreted  matters,— the  sputa,  bus  ■! 
faeces  particularly. 

PORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRECTUM,  Lever. 

PORRET,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRIQINE,  Porrigo  favosa. 

PORRIQINEUX,  Porriginous. 

PORRIGINOSUS,  Porriginous.  , 

PORRIG'TNOUS,  Porrigino'uu,  (P.)  P*» 
gineux.    Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRraO  (I*.),  'scurf  or  scsll  in  ft* held. 
Tin'ea,  Favue,  Furfura'tio,  FuSfurei,  Ecrf* 
porrigo,  Phlyeie  porrigo,  from  pometn,  * 
spread.'  (F.)  Teigne,  Rathe.  6ome  of  the  nt* 
ties  are  contagious.  It  is  principally  ehanete> 
ised  by  an  eruption  of  the  pustules,  called  M 
and  achores,  unaccompanied  by  fever. 

Porrigo  Decal'vahs,  Trieho*M  ofne,  m 
Alope'cia  area' to,  A.  partia'lU,  A  cin*m*njf*> 
Phytoalope'eia,  Tyr'ia,  Tyro'ma,Opki'*n*Tn« 
tondene,  Herpene  tonsu'ratu,  Limited  or  pert* 
Baldnete,  consists  of  patches  of  baldness  witt<* 
decay  or  change  of  colour  in  the  ninmm 
hair,  the  exposed  parts  of  the  scalp  being  P* 
rous,  white,  and  shining.  The  morbid  condiwe 
sometimes  spreads,  so  that  the  patch*"  «*** 
rendering  the  baldness  extensive.  To  sty- 
table  growth  found  at  the  roots  of  fteijr 
in  Tinea  tondens,  Malmsten  of  Stockw* 
has  given  the  name  Trichoph'ytcn  *»"*? 
The  treatment  consists  in  keeping  the  wg 
cleared  by  constant  shaving,  and  in  the  rte*7 
application  of  some  stimulating  liniment  or  oot 
ment  _     .^ 

Porrigo  Fato'sa,   Ce'rum,  Farm,  #!££ 
Sea'bta  <*f  '*» 


fetter,  (F.)  Teigne'/aveuee,  Porrigine.  Tha** 
gists  in  an  eruption  of  pustules  common  to  bj 
head,  trunk,  and  extremities,  pea-siied,  «««*» 
at  the  top,  in  clusters,  often  uniting ;  d;*fl*g 
fetid;  scabs,  honey-combed ;  the  eelb  8IM  "» 
fluid.  It  occurs  both  in  early  sad  •*»* 
Modern  researches  have  satisfied  some ^otaer** 
that  the  crusts  of  fevus  are  of  vegetable  ■«■* 
and  formed  of  a  parasitic  plant,  belonging  »  » 
genus  mycoderm'a,  for  which  R^^J^JS 
posed  the  name  AehoHon  Sehonleim.  W >  FJJ 
is  not,  however,  settled.  The  treatment  < *£ 
variety  must  consist  in  the  exhibition  of  w*" 
and  the  mildest  stimulating  ointments,  ■*» 
the  Ung.  wind,  Ung.  ^rargyriprf^P^^ 
Ac  Ecsema  of  the  hairy  scalp  is  often  e* 
founded  with  Porrigo.  t   ^^  u. 

Porrigo  Fur'furahs,  Eepyeext  po^WL 
sAra'cea,  Tinea  fwrfuracea,  Tinea  «m^» 
Pityri'an*   Tricho'eie  furjura'eea,  -  -^ 
furade  (Alibcrt),  mmmeM  wift  "^JJI 


fura'eea,  Tinea  furfuracea,  Tinea  porn? 

,  commences  with  an  e^r* 

of  small  achores,  the  fluid  of  which  WBJJJS 
and  separates  fr  innumerable,  thm> J*^^ 


It  if 


scabs,  or  scale-like  exfoliations.    1*  uZHai 

with  a  good  deal  of  itching  and  some  sorew" 

the  scalp,  to  which  the  disease  is  ••"■Jr* 


occurs  chiefly  in  adults. 


In  the  treats^ 


imt*1 


scalp  must  be  kept  shaved.  The  part  «* 
washed  repeatedly  with  soap  "***"£■» 
oiled  silk  cap  worn.  Thenatareoftte*"^ 
used  most  vary  according  to  the  P«mJJ °j£ 
and  the  irritability  of  the  1*  **?*»*; 
otirtmenly— one  made  with  the  ^^^JTJ 
—  the  Sulphur  ointment;  —  On**'  °r^ld 
Ung.  hydrargyri  nitrieo^xydifTar^^^ 
Nitric  acid  ointment  have  all  been  fc«£ ^ 
Should  inflammation  or  discbarge  *r>* 
applications  must  of  course  be  mlsm"** 
Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lnpin©»fcfj  ju-tf 
Porbioo  Larva'lis,  Cnteta  Wi**t**r 


jruitAiuisrux  xjs 


rVKXJi,-  YJH1JXJ& 


Porrigo  crutta'cea,  Menti'go,  Achor,  Tin'ea  la</- 
tea,  T,  Fa'ciei,  Hi  Iky  ecall  or  Tetter,  Lactu'men, 
Loot? go,  (F.)  Croute  de  lait,  Oroute  laiteune,  Feux 
voiagee,  La  Qraine.  This  is,  almost  exclusively, 
a  disease  of  infancy.  It  commonly  appears  first 
on  the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an  eruption  of 
numerous,  minute,  whitish  achores  on  a  red  sur- 
face. These  break  and  discharge  a  viscid  fluid, 
which  becomes  inorusted  in  thin,  yellowish,  or 
greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  enveloped  in  a 
mask;  hence  the  epithet  larvalie.  The  disease 
is  rather  a  variety  of  Eczema.  Sometimes  the 
eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast;  and, 
occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  general,  the 
health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but  the  erup- 
tion is  always  attended  with  much  itching  and 
irritation.  The  treatment  consists  in  mild,  tepid 
ablation,  and  the  application  of  gently  stimu- 
lating ointments,  as  of  the  ozydum  siirei.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble  state  by  small 
doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia. 

PoRRJGO  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea  lupi'na,  Scabiee 
cap'itie,  Ecpye'eit  porrigo  lupino'sa,  Porri'go 
larva1 'lis,  Impeti'go  figura'ta,  Tin'ea  granula'ta, 
T.  muco'ea,  Crutta  lactea  (of  some),  Mentfagra 
iufan'tum,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre  cruetacie  flavee- 
cente,  consists  of  minute  pustules  in  small  patches, 
mostly  commencing  on  the  scalp;  the  patches 
terminate  in  dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling  lupine 
seeds ;  the  interstices  often  covered  with  a  thin, 
whitish,  and  exfoliating  incrustation.  It  ooeurs 
chiefly  in  early  life,  and  requires  the  same  treat- 
ment as  the  last. 

Pobbigo  Scutulata,  Tin'ea  granula'ta,  Ec- 
pye'eie  porrigo  galea' ta,  Tinea  fico'ea,  Acho'ree 
sen  Sca'bie$  cap'itis,  Ringworm,  of  the  Scalp, 
Scalled  "head,  (F.)  Teigne  annulaire,  T.  en  anneau, 
T.  nummulaire.  It  commences  with  clusters  of 
small,  light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab  off; 
and,  if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumulation. 
If  the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  is  left  red 
and  shining,  but  studded  with  slightly  elevated 

Eoints.     If  not  attended  to,  it  involves  the  whole 
ead.     It  occurs  in  children  three  or  four  years 
of  age,  and  is  very  unmanageable.    The  rules 
laid  down  under  Porrigo  furfurane  must  be  here 
still   more  perseveringly  enforced.    The  whole 
tribe  of  stimulating  ointments  may  be  used  in 
sueoession.    No  one  will  always  succeed,  and 
hence  the  necessity  of  change,  provided  advan- 
tage should  not  seem  to  follow  any  particular 
application.  The  Unguentum  ad  Scabtem,  of  Ban- 
yer,  sometimes  cures,  when  others  fail. 
PORRIGOPHYTE,  Porrigo  favosa. 
PORRUM,  Allium  porrum,  Thymion. 
PORRUS,  Sarcoma,  Thymion. 
PORTA,  ™Xi7,  PyU,  'a  gate/    The  part  of  the 
liver  where  its  vessels  enter  as  by  a  gate.    Also, 
the  Vulva. 

Porta  Jecoris,  Porta  vena. 
Pobta  Veita,  Vena  porta,  P.  porta' rum  sen 
porta' lis,  Rama'lie  vena,  Jan'itrix,  Vena  magna 
sea  qam  ad  porta*  eat  seu  stelechia'a  sen  lac' tea 
sea  oetia'ria,  Porta  Jee'orU,  Porta,  Vena  arte- 
rio'ea  seu  arteria'lie,  Manns  Moris  seu*  he'patie, 
Vena  ad  porta:  The  System  of  the  vena  porta 
or  the  Abdom'inal  venoue  system,  (F.)  Veine  parte, 
Porte  veine,  is  a  vascular  apparatus  of  black 
bloody  situate  in  the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from 
two  distinct  orders  of  vessels,  united  into  one 
common  trunk.  I.  One  of  these  trunks,  much 
more  extensive  than  the  other,  has  received  the 
name  Vena  porta  abdomina'lie,  because  it  arises 
from  ail  the  organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  the 
abdomen,  except  the  kidneys  and  bladder;  and 
in  the  female,  the  uterus.  The  Abdominal  vena 
porta  has  two  prinoipal  roots,  the  eplenic  vein 


and  the  euperior  mesenteric,  which  have  their 
ramifications  in  all  the  digestive  organs.  2.  The 
other  trunk,  destined  solely  to  the  liver,  has 
been  called  the  Hepat'ic  vena  porta.  It  appears 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena  porta, 
and  proceeds  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
liver.  Opposite  to  the  transverse  fissure  of  that 
organ,  it  divides,  like  an  artery,  into  two  branches, 
which,  by  their  union,  seem  to  form  a- canal  or 
duct,  called  by  some  the  Sinus  of  the  vena  porta. 
These  branches  are  distributed  in  the  substance 
of  the  liver,  whither  they  are  accompanied  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  fibrous  capsule  of  that  organ, 
— the  capsule  of  Qlisson.  The  different  branches 
of  the  vena  porta  are  devoid  of  valves.  See  Liver. 

PORTAL,  from  porta,  '  a  gate/  Relating  to 
the  porta  of  the  liver,  —  as  the  portal  system,  or 
system  of  the  vena  porta.  By  extension,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system  of 
vessels  in  the  kidney.    See  Kidney. 

Portal  FisscBK,  see  Liver — p.  System  of  the 
Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  p.  Veins  of  the  Kidney, 
Bee  Kidney. 

PORTE-AIGUILLE,  Aeutenae'ulum,  Needle* 
carrier,  Needle-bearer,  from  (F.) porter,  'to  car- 
ry/ and  aiguille,  '  a  needle/  An  instrument  for 
accurately  laying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving  it 
greater  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small  that 
it  cannot  be  held  by  the  fingers.  It  is  of  steel  or 
silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and  throughout  the 
whole,  almost,  of  its  length,  divided  into  two 
branches,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  forceps,  capable 
of  being  closed  by  means  of  a  sliding  ring.  A 
modification  of  this  instrument  was  devised  by 
Dr.  Physiok  for  taking  up  deep-seated  arteries 
beyond  the  rsaoh  of  a  tenaculum  or  common 
needle.  It  consists  of  a  forceps  so  constructed 
as  to  hold  in  its  extremity  a  needle  armed  with 
a  ligature.  The  handles  of  the  forceps  are  fas- 
tened together,  temporarily,  by  a  spring  or  catch  \ 
and,  when  the  needle  is  fairly  deposited  beneath 
the  vessel,  it  is  disengaged  from  the  forceps  and 
drawn  out,  leaving  the  ligature  behind,  which 
can  be  tied  without  difficulty. 

PORTE-BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  silver  oanula 
similar  to  that  of  a  trochar,  except  that  it  is 
longer.  It  is  used  for  conducting  bougies  into 
the  urethra. 

POR  TE-  OA  USTIQ  UE,  Porte-pierre—p. 
Feuille,  Subscapularis. 

PORTE-LIGATURE,  from  porter,  'to  carry,' 
and  ligature.  An  instrument  for  conveying  a 
ligature  to  deep-seated  parts. 

PORTE-MEGHE  (F.),  from  porter,  'to  carry/ 
and  me°che,  '  a  tent'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
tents  or  mtches  deeply  into  fistulous  openings,  or 
sinuses,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers,  Ac.  It  is  a  wire 
of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  five  inches  long,  having 
a  notch  at  one  extremity,  and  a  button  at  the 
other. 

PORTE-MOXA,  (F.)  A  small  instrument 
for  keeping  the  moxa  applied  to  a  part  to  be 
cauterized.  It  oonsists  of  a  metallic  ring — sepa- 
rated from  the  skin  by  three  supports  of  ebony — 
to  which  a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-NCEUD  (F.),  from  porter,  'to  carry/ 
and  namd,  'a knot'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tumour. 

PORTE-PIERRE  (V.),Porte-cauetique,  Cave- 
tie  bearer.  An  instrument  similar  to  a  porte- 
crayon  for  carrying  lunar  caustic. 

PORTE-SONDE,  (F.)  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-erayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
style  or  eonde,  and  inserting  it  more  readily  into 
the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for  fistula 
Iaohrrmans. 

POBTE-  VEINE,  Porta  Vena. 


PORTER 


704 


POTASH 


PORTER,  Cerevisia, 

PORTIO  DURA,  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Inter  du- 
ram etmollem,  Portio  Wrisbergii— p.  Intermedia 
Wrisbergii,  Portio  Wrisbergii— p.  Media  inter 
portionem  duram  et  portionem  mollem,  Portio 
Wrisbergii. 
Portio  Mollis,  Auditory  nerve. 
Por'tio  Wribber'gii,  Portio  intermedia  Wr%s- 
ber'gii,  Portio  media  inter  portionem  duram  et 
portionem  mollem,  Portio  inter  duram  et  mollem, 
(P.)  Faisceau  intermSdiare  de  Wrisberg,  Inter- 
mtdiaire  de  Wrisberg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus, 
intermediate  between  the  portio  mollis  and  portio 
dura  of  the  seventh  pair  of  nerves,  which  was 
first  described  by  Wrisberg.  The  Chorda  Tym- 
pani  is  supposed  by  some  to  emanate  from  this 
nerve. 

PORTION  COSTO-TRAOEELIENNE  DU 
SACROSPINAL,  Longissimus  dorsi— p.  EcaiU 
leux  ou  squameux  du  temporal,  Squamous  portion 
of  the  temporal  —  p.  Lombaire  du  plexus  crural, 
Lumbar  plexus. 

PORTION  QODRONNJSE  DE  LA  CORNE 
&AMMON.  A  name  given  by  Vicq  d'Aiyr  to 
a  small,  denticulated  cord,  of  a  compact  tissue 
and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the  cornu 
ammonia  to  the  paries  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 
PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 
PORTULA'CA,  Andrach'ne,  Al'lium  OaVlieum, 
Portula'ca  oUra'eea,  Purslane,  (F.)  Pourpier  ctiJ- 
tiv4.  This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and 
somewhat  aoid  juice ;  and  is  often  put  into  soups 
or  pickled  with  spioes.  It  is  regarded  as  anti- 
septic and  aperient 

POROUS,  Callus,  Meatus— p.  Acustious,  Au- 
ditory canal,  internal. 

PORUS  OP'TICUS.  An  opening  in  the  centre 
of  the  cribriform  lamella  of  the  sclerotic,  through 
which  the  central  artery  of  the  retina  enters  the 
eyeball. 
POSCA,  Oxycrate. 
POSE,  Coryia. 
POSIMOS,  Potable. 
POSITION,  FALSE,  False  position. 
POSOL'OGY,  Posoh>g"ia,  Dosiolog'Ha,  from 
wxrof, '  quantity/  and  Xoys,  '  a  discourse.'    Indi- 
cation of  the  doses  in  which  the  different  articles 
of  the  materia  medica  ought  to  be  exhibited. 

POSSET,  Posse' turn,  from  (L.)  posea,   'sour 
wine  and  water.'   Milk  curdled  with  wine,  or  any 
acid,  or  treacle.   A  preparation  of  beer  and  milk; 
Zythog'ala. 
Posset,  Sack,  see  Sack— p.  Sago,  see  Sago. 
POSSETING,  Regurgitation  (of  Infants). 
POSTBRACHIALE,  Metacarpus. 
POSTCARPIUM,  Metacarpus. 
POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.    An  external, 
interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  corre- 
sponding sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of  the 
ring-finger  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
vhe  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
ring-finger.    Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger 
inwards. 
Posterior  Auris,  Retrahens  auris. 
Posterior  In'dicis  Maitus.    An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  whioh  arises  from  the  inner 
or  ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- 
finger, and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
don on  the  back  of  the  fore-finger.    Its  use  is  to 
draw  the  fore-finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Iwdicis  Pedis,  Abductor  Indicis 
Pedis  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  fore-toe,  and  second  of  the  small 
toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root 


of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Its  «m  is  to  pv 
the  fore-toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Me'dii  Dio"rn  Mahvs.  An  a» 
nal,  interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bonei  of 
the  middle  and  ring-fingers ;  and  is  inserted  mU 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  mid. 
die  finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Memi  Dig"iti  Pews,  AbdsHor 
medii  digiti  pedis.  An  external,  interoewosi 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  centijtoaj 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  ud 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  intolto 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  •*•» 
of  the  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the  toe  »*> 
wards. 

Posterior  Trr'tti  Di*"iti,  ******** 
digiti.    An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  wiw 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatiml 
bones  of  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  small  to* 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of  tl» 
first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.   Ii«  ■» 
is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 
POSTHE,  Penis,  Prepuce. 
POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omms,  from  «** 
'prepuce/  and  npn,  'incision.'    One  who  pe> 
forms  the  operation  of  circumcision. 
POSTHETOMT,  Circumcision. 
POSTHIA,  Hordeolum. 
POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,    PostkinpUuM**,  ** 
*•»$»,   '  the  prepuce,'  and  vXaevw,  'I  fcns.  « 
epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring  tw 
prepuce.  ^ 

POSTHFTI8,  from  too**  'the  prepnee,  t* 
penis,'  and  Hie,  the  termination  for  inflaauatW. 
Inflammation  of  the  prepuoe  or  penis. 
POSTHIUM,  Prepuoe.  * 

POSTHON'CUS,  from  too&i,  'the  F"»"*T 
penis,'  and  oyjc©$,  'a  tumour.'  Swelling  ofi* 
prepuce  or  penis.  __, 

POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  rseds,  4W»* 
and  rX«oT««of, '  formative.'  The  art  of  main*  i 
new  prepuce. 

POST'HUMOUS,  from  poet,  'after,'  end**** 
'the  ground.'    Occurring;  after  death. 

Posthumous  Child.  One  born  »<ter^f*? 
of  its  father,  or  taken  from  the  dead  body  «  m 
mother,  as  by  the  Csssarean  section. 

POST-MORTEM.  'After  death f  ai  '*»* 
mortem  or  necroscopic  examination.' 

POST-NATUS.  In  the  old  law  writer*, » 
second  son. 

POST-PARTUM.  'After  delivery.'  Ai  J* 
partum  hemorrhage.' 

POSTPOSIT"IO.    Delay  in  the  retam  jO 

paroxysm.    It  is  opposed  to  «^J^*™jjI 

means  the  return  of  a  paroxysm  earlier  taw* 

accustomed  hour.  .    ^ 

In  this  sense,  we  speak  of  an  ant**p***h  ■" 

a  postponing  (Febris  hysteret'ica)  internuwsfc 

POSTREM A,  Uterus.  , 

PO'TABLE,  Potab'ilis,  from  petare,  'Mn* 

Pot'imo*,  Potos,  Pos'imos,  'drinkable.    "•» 

said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  ^^T 

air ;  is  not  brackish ;  and  has  no  mineral  unprr 

nation  of  consequence.  ^. 

POTASH.    So  called  from  the  pots  or  nj» 

in  which  it  was  made ,—  Vegetable  •&*,  *»* 

num.    Also,  Potass.  . ^ 

Potash  of  Commhroh,  Potass*  "F**^ 
pure  potassa,  AWnum  caH'num,  »«'^*^ 
Subear^bonas  potas'sa  impu'rus,  PetaTst  ** 
nae  tmtwnii,— the  PearUtek  of  ooam««M[P 
pared  from  the  ashes  of  land-plants  **"■: 
lion,  sotation  in  water,  filtration,  and  ™f*TZ 
It  usually  consists  of  subcarbonate  or  V™" 


Mupnate  ot  potassa,  onionae  or  potassium,  suex, 
oxide  of  iron,  Ac. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  wine,  and  from  vine- 
twigs,  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinia  infecto'rius,  C.fmcum,  Cin'eres  cla- 
vella'ti,  Alu' men  f cecum,  Cin'eres  gravel  la' ti,  (F.) 
Cendres  gravities,  Cendres  de  sarment. 

Another  variety  of  the  alkali  is  afforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  erucible ;  afterwards  powder- 
ing and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white ;  then 
dissolving  in  water,  filtering,  and  evaporating.  It 
is  called  Salt  of  Tartar,  Sal  Tartari,  Kali  pra- 
para'tum  e  tar'taro,  Kali  e  tartaro,  Subcar'bonas 
potassa  puris'aimus,  Potas'sa  subcar'bonas  e  tar- 
taro. Lastly,  when  wormwood  is  burnt  to  ashes, 
dissolved  in  water,  filtered,  and  evaporated  to 
dryness,  it  affords  another  variety  of  vegetable 
alkali,  the  Sal  abein'thii  or  Salt  of  wormwood* 

Impure  potash  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
earbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  Potassa,  Potassa  fusa,  Potash.  The 
protoxide  of  potassium. 

POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF,  Potass©  acetas  — 
p.  Bichromate  of,  Potasses  biehromas  —  p.  Bisul- 
phate  of,  Potasses  supersulphas — p.  Bitartrate  of, 
Potasses  eupertartras  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  Potasses 
oarbonas  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  pure,  see  Potasses 
suboarbona8 — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potasses  murias  hy- 
peroxygonatus  — -p.  Chromate  of,  Potassaa  chro- 
mas  —  p.  Chromate  of,  neutral,  Potassas  chromas 
—  p.  Chromate  of,  yellow,  Potasses  chromas. 

Potas'sa  cdm  CalcE,  Potass  with  lime,  Calx 
cum  eali  puro,  Caua'ticum  commu'ni  for'tiue,  La- 
pin  inferna'li$  sive  sep'ticus,  Kali  cans' Hewn  cum 
ealcif  Potas'sa  ope  ealcis  para'ta  et  igne  fusa, 
Lapis  cutis' ticus,  (F.)  Potaese  priparie  avec  la 
chaux,  P.  &  la  Chaux,  Pierre  a  cautlre.  (Po- 
tassa, Calais  a&  §j.  Rub  together,  and  keep  in 
a  well-stopped  bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  the  next,  but  more  manageable; 
being  lesa  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Euchloratb  or,  Potassas  murias 
hyperoxygenatus — p.  Ferrocyanate  of,  Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferroprussiate  of,  Potasses 
oyanuretum. 

Potassa  Fusa,  Potassa,  Kali  catu'ticum,  Fused 
potass,  Caua'ticum  commu'ni  acer'rimum,  Kali 
purum,  Al'kali  vegetab'ili  Jixum  caua'ticum ,  Oaua- 
ticum  alkali' num,  C.  commu'ni,  C.  Potentia'U,  C. 
Sali'num,  Hydra*  ka'licum,  Hydras  potaa'aa 
pura  fusa,  Potass  m  hydraa,  Lapis  caus'ticus,  La- 
pi*  causticus  chirurgo'rum,  Lapie  inferna'lis  alco- 
li'nus,  L.  acp'Hcua,  Rupto'rium  commu'ne,  Fixed 
veg"etabU  alkali,  Hydrate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Po- 
taeee  caustique.  (Prepared  by  evaporating  solu- 
tion of  potass  to  dryness  in  an  iron  vessel.) 
This  preparation  is  generally  run  into  cylindrical 
moulds,  covered  with  paper,  and  kept  in  well- 
corked  vessels.  It  is  powerfully  escharotic,  and 
is  used  for  forming  issues,  ouring  strictures,  &o. 

Potassa,  Fused,  Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate 
of,  Potassas  hydriodas — p.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
Bromine — p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  cyanuro- 
tum — p.  Hyperoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of— p.  Ily- 
pertartras,  P.  eupertartras  —  p.  Iinpura,  Potash 
of  commerce  —  p.  and  Iron,  tartrate  of,  Ferrum 
tartarizatum — p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum  calce — 
p.  Liquida,  Liquor  potasses  —  p.  Mephite  of,  Po- 
tassie  subcarbonas — p.  Monochromate  of,  Potasses 
chromas — p.  Muriate  of,  Potasses  murias — p.  Ni- 
trate of,  Potasses  nitras — p.  Ope  ealcis  parata  et 
igne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  oaloe — p.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Potassas  murias  hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Prussiate 
of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  and  Soda,  Tar- 
trate of,  Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Subcarbonate  of, 
Potassas  subcarbonas — p.  Sulphate  of,  Potasses 
sulphas — p.  Sulphate  of,  acid,  Potasses  supersul- 
phas— p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potasses  sulphuretum — p. 
45 


eupercar Donate  01,  rotassss  caroonas — p.  super- 
sulphate  of,  Potasses  supersulphas — p.  Supertar- 
trate  of,  Potasses  supertartras  —  p.  Tartrate  of, 
Potasses  tartras. 

POTASS.fi  ACE'TAS,  Acetae  kali,  Oxytar'ta- 
rue,  Acetas  lixiv'ia  sou  ka'licum,  Al'kali  tar'tari 
ace'to  aatura'tum,  Alcali  vegetab'iU  cum  acctrt 
Magiste'rium  tartari  purgana,  Terra  folia' ta  7\tr- 
tari,  Kali  aceta'tum,  Sal  diuret'icus,  Sal  Senner'tu 
Ac"  elate  of  potass,  Arca'num  tartari,  (F.)  Acttate 
de  potaeae.  (Acid,  acetic.  Oj,  Potassa,  carbon,  q.  e. 
Mix  and  add,  by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to 
saturate  the  alkali.  Then  filter  and  evaporate 
till  a  pellicle  is  formed,  which  is  to  be  dried  upon 
bibulous  paper;  evaporate  again  in  a  water-bath, 
and,  removing  the  pellicles,  dry.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartio  and  diuretic.  Dose,  £j  to  gij, 
or  more. 

Potassjb  et  Alvkism  Sulphas,  Alumen  — 
p.  Biantinionias,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  — 
p.  Bicarbonas,  Potasses  carbonas. 

Potas'sjg  Bichro'mas,  Kali  chro'micum  m- 
brum  sen  ac"idum  seu  bichro'micum,  Bichro'mate 
of  potas'sa.  Procured  by  adding  sulphuric,  ni- 
tric, or  acetic  acid  to  a  solution  of  the  neutral 
chromate,  and  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.  It 
is  a  violent  irritant  poison ;  and  has  been  used 
as  a  caustic  in  cases  of  morbid  growths,  in  the 
proportion  of  from  half  a  drachm  to  a  drachm  of 
the  salt  to  from  an  ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half 
of  water. 

Potass x  Bisulphas,  P.  supersulphas  —  p.  Bi- 
tartras,  P.  supertartras. 

Potassa  Car'bonas,  Kali  air  a' turn,  Bicar*- 
bonas  potaaaa,  Potas'sa  bicar'bonas  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Deutocarbonas  potaaaii,  Carbonate,  biear'bonate, 
or  super  car 'bonate  of  potassa.  This  is  not  caus- 
tic, like  the  subcarbonate  of  potass,  and  hence, 
has  been  preferred  to  relieve  acidity.  (Potass, 
carbon,  tbiv,  Aqua  destillat.  Ox.  Pass  carbon io 
acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is  saturated, 
and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat  not  exceeding 
160°,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 
Carbonic  acid  is  obtained  from  marble  by  the 
addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss.  It  is  used  in  forming  the 
soda  powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  properties. 

Potassjb  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas — p.  Car- 
bonas impurus,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Carbonas 
puruB,  see  P.  subcarbonas — p.  Chloras,  P.  murias 
hyperoxygenatus — p.  Chloruretum  oxydatum,  P. 
murias  hyperoxygenatus. 

Potas'sjb  Chromas,  Kali  chro'micum  favum 
sen  neutra'le,  Neutral  yellow  Chromate,  or  Mono* 
chromate  of  potassa.  Prepared  by  igniting  a 
mixture  of  four  parts  of  native  chromite  of  iron 
(chrome-iron  ore)  and  one  part  ot  nitre;  dissolv- 
ing out  the  chromate  of  potassa  by  water,  and 
crystallizing.  It  has  been  used  as  an  emetic,  ex- 
pectorant  and  diaphoretic  Dose,  as  an  emetic, 
from  two  to  four  grains ;  as  an  expectorant,  from 
&th  to  £  grain.  In  the  proportion  of  one  drachm 
to  32  ounces  of  water,  it  has  been  used  as  an  an- 
tiseptic wash  —  called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor  con- 
serva'trix. 

Potassjb  Citras,  Citrate  of  potassa.  (Add. 
citric  £x,  Potass,  bicarb.  §xiv,  Aq.  q.  s.  Dis- 
solve the  acid  in  the  water;  and  after  efferves- 
cence has  ceased,  strain  and  evaporate  to  dryness. 
The  salt  is  deliquescent,  and  must  be  kept  in 
well-stopped  bottles.  Ph.  TJ.  S.)  It  possesses 
the  refrigerant  properties  of  the  neutral  salt*, 
and  may  be  given  in  fever,  when  to  do  little  or 
nothing  is  the  most  advisable  course.  Dose,  gr.  z 
tojjsa. 

Potassjb  et  Fbrri  Tartras,  Ferxi  tartarisa 
turn  —  p.  Hydras,  Potassa  fusa, 

Potassjb  Hydri'odas,  Potassa  ProtohydrV** 


POTASS* 


70S 


POTAB&S 


dot,  Potas'sii  protoxi'di  hydri'odas,  Kali  Hydri- 
odin'icum,  K.  Hydriod'ieum,  Hydriodas  Ka'licus, 
Bydri'odate  of  potass,  (F.)  Hydriodate  de  potasse. 
If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on  iodine,  an 
iodate  and  hydriodate  are  formed.  These  may 
be  separated  by  means  of  alcohol,  which  only 
dissolves  the  latter  of  these  salts.  The  hydrio- 
date, or  rather  the  Vodide  of  Potassium,  Kali  urn 
Ioda'tum,  Potassii  lodurctum  sen  lo'didum,  (F.) 
lodure  de  pot  atrium,  may  be  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration. When  the  Iodide  of  potassium  is  dis- 
solved in  water,  it  becomes  the  Hydriodate  of 
Potassa.  The  following  is  the  formula  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S.  Potass,  gvj ;  lodin.  in  pulv.  5xvj ; 
Carbon,  ligni  in  pulv.  eubtilisa.  §ij;  Aq.  bullient. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  potassa  in  the  water;  add  the 
iodine  gradually,  stirring  until  the  solution  be- 
comes colourless,  and  continue  the  additions  until 
the  liquid  remains  slightly  ooloured  from  excess 
of  iodine.  Evaporate  to  dryness,  stirring  in  the 
charcoal  towards  the  close.  Rub  to  powder,  and 
heat  to  dull  redness  in  an  iron  crucible,  keeping 
up  the  temperature  for  15  minutes.  When  cool, 
dissolve  out  the  saline  matter  with  pure  water, 
filter  the  solution,  evaporate  and  set  aside  to 
crystallize.  By  evaporating  and  crystallizing  as 
before,  an  additional  quantity  of  crystals  may  be 
obtained.    Virtues,  —  those  of  iodine. 

Potassa  Mu'rias,  Sal  Digesti'vus  vel  Sal  fe- 
brif'ugus  Syl'vii,  Muriate  of  Potato,  Spir'itus 
.salis  mari'ni  coagula'tus.    Bitter  and  refrigerant. 

Potassje  Mu'kias  Hyperoxtokna'tus,  Po- 
4assa  Chloras,  P.  oxymu'rias,  Oxymu'riate  or 
buperoxymu'riate  of  potato,  Chlorate  of  potas'sa, 
'buchlo'rate  of  potato,  Alcali  vegetab'ile  sali'to- 
dephlogistica' turn,  Chlorure'tum  potas'sa  oxyda'- 
tum,  HuloVdum  oxygena'tum,  Oxyge'no-Chloru- 
re* turn  potas'sii,  Protochlo'rate  of  potas' slum,  Kali 
chlo'ricwn,  Chloras  Ka'licus  depura'tun,  (P.)  Chlo- 
rate de  potaue.  It  has  been  regarded  as  anti- 
neuropathic,  and  as  an  alterative  purifier  of  the 
blood  and  humours.  It  is  of  doubtful  efficacy. 
Dose,  3  to  6  grains  or  more. 

Potas'sa  N1TRA8,  Nitrate  of  Potato,  Nitrum, 
Sal  nitrum,  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal  petra,  Salse'do 
mucrum,  Sanguin'ea,  Berenic"ium,  Halini'trum, 
Protoni'trate  of  Potas'sium,  Nitrate  of  protox'ide 
of  Potatoium,  Kali  ni'tricum,  Nitras  ka'licum, 
Nitras  lixiv'ia,  (F.)  Nitrate  de  potatoe.  Ob- 
tained from  the  putrefaction  of  animal  matters, 
in  contact  with  calcareous  or  alkaline  earths,  by 
elixiviation ;  adding,  if  necessary,  wood-ashes  to 
supply  the  alkaline  basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an 
impure  state,  by  nature,  in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative j  externally,  cooling  and  deter- 
gent Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ss.  In  large  doses  it  is 
an  acrid  poison. 

Potassa  Nitras  Fusus  Sulpha'tts  Paucil'lo 
MlXTUS,  Sal  prunel'la,  Crystal 'lus  minera'lis, 
Nitras  potas'sa  cum  sul'phuri  fusus,  Nitrum  tabu- 
la'turn,  Lapis  Prunel'la,  Sore-throat  salt,  Min'e- 
ral  crystal,  Anod'ynum  minera'li.  Nitrate  of 
potass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass  and 
run  into  moulds.  Its  properties  are  those  of 
nitre. 

P0TAS8JB  Ox'ALAS,  Superox'alate  of  Protox'ide 
of  Potas'sium,  Ox' alas  Acid'ulum  Potas'sa  seu 
rotas' sat  acid'ulus  seu  ba'eicus,  Superox'alae  ka'- 
licum, S.  Potassa,  Hypcroxalae  Potassa,  Sal  Ace- 
tosel'la,  Oxa'tium,  Kali  oxaVicum  acid'ulum,  Ox'- 
alas  subpotas'sicus,  Oxalate  of  Potass,  Salt  of 
Sorrel.  Prepared  from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel. 
It  is  refrigerant,  and  is  used  to  make  lemonade, 
Ac. 

Potassa  Ox  alas  Acidclum,  Potass,  oxalate 
of— p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus — 
p.  Protohydriodas,  P.  hydriodas —  p.  Puxss  fuses 


-p.  et  Soda  tartras,  Sod* 


hydras,  Potassa  fusa- 
tartrate  of. 

Potassje  Subcab'bovab,  P.  Car'bouas  (Fh. 
U.  S.),  Subcar'bonas  Kali,  Car'bomas  Potasmm, 
Kali  prapara'tum,  Sal  Herba'rum,  Calea'rtom 
Tartar,  Sal  Planta'rum,  Subcarbomate  of  Poiasm, 
Sal  Tar'tari,  Sal  Absin'thii,  Ifephite  0/  Potato, 
Ao.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered  solution  of  the  im- 
pure eubcarbonate,  Potas'sa  ear'bomas  impm'rm 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Pearl-ash  (see  Potash,)  evaporated  to 
dryness.  This  deliquescent  salt  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  potasses  carbonas,  than  whidi 
it  is  more  caustic  and  disagreeable. 

The  Parisian  codex  has  a  Subcar'bouamPotasr'sm 
ex  tar'taro  combus'to,  vulgo  Sal  Tartari  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  —  it  is  the  Potato*  carbonas  punier,  Pars 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  Ph.  U.  S. ;  a  SnUarbomae 
Potassa  ex  deflagran'tibus  simul  tar'trate  acidemia 
et  Nitrate  Potass*  paratus,  vulgo  Nitrum  ex  tar- 
taro  fixum  ;  and  a  Subcarbonas  potass*  ex  dejka- 
gran'ti  cum  Carbo'nibus  Nitra'te  Potass*  para- 
tus, vulgo  Nitrum  fixum.  They  are  all  need  like 
the  preceding. 

Potassa  Subcabboxab  Impurus,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

Potassa  Sulphas,  Kali  vitriola'tum,  Sulphas 
Kali,  Kali  sulphu'ricum,  Lixiv'ia  ritriola'ta,  Ni- 
trum vitriolatum  Schroederi,  Sal  Sapieu'tiev,  Sal 
Tar'tari  Sulphur  a' turn,  Specif'icum  Paracei'si, 
Spi'ritus  vitrioli  eoagula'tus  Mynsichti,  Prase- 
sulph'ate  of  Potas'sium,  Al'kali  regeta'bili  m'tri- 
olatum,  Sal  de  duobus,  Area' nam  dnplica'tmm, 
Nitrum  vitriola'tum,  Tar'tarum  ritriofatnm,  Pa- 
nace'a  Duds  Holsa'tia,  Panace'a  dttplica'ta,  Sal 
Polychres'tus,  Sulphate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Sulfate  de 
potasse.  (The  salt,  that  remains  after  the  distil- 
lation of  nitric  acid,  dissolved,-  the  excess  of  acid 
saturated  with  subcarbonate  of  potass  and  crys- 
tallized.) Purgative  and  diuretic.  Dote,  £**  to 
3J  as  a  laxative.  In  a  large  dose  it  has  proved 
an  irritant  poison. 

Potassa  Sulphas  cum  Sul'phvrE;  SalPeij- 
chrcn'tus  Glase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriola'ta  Sulphurs*. 
(Formed  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass  with 
sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the  bet. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Potassa  Sulphure'tuh,  Potas'sii  Snfphw'- 
tum,  P.  tersulphure'tum,  Kali  sulphurrtum,  B*f*+ 
Sulph'uris  sali'num,  H.  sulphu'ris  rufyrr'n*.  .£*£- 
phure'tum  lixiv'ia,  S.  ka'licum,  Hepar  Sulphuric 
Liver  of  Sulphur,  Sulphuret  of  Potass,  (F.)  Sul- 
fure  de  potasse,  Sulfure  de  potassium  swlf*y, 
Foie  de  Sovfre.  (Sulphur.  Jj,  Pota***  car*,  jjj- 
Rub  them  together,  and  place  the  mixture  is  » 
covered  crucible  upon  the  fire  until  they  unitr  ' 
It  has  been  employed  in  affections  of  the  th**U 
as  an  expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  from  3ss  U>  5. 
largely  diluted ;  but  it  is  chiefly  u?ed  as  a  Kits 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  ether 
cutaneous  affections. 

Potassa  Superoxalas,  Potasse?  oxalas. 

POTASSA  SUPERSUL'PHAS.  P.  Bimntpkas.  S'i 
enix'um,  Snpersufphate  of  Potass*  &tl  fev**f+- 
gits  of  L em' cry,  Acid  Sulphate  of  Potas*.  B:nt- 
phate  of  Potass,  Super-protosulphaf*  f»f  Pntm'- 
sium,  (F.)  Bisulfate,  de  Potasse.  (The  salt  r^ 
main  in  g  after  the  distillation  of  nitrie  mad.  Jo- 
solved,  strained,  and  crystallised.)  It  is  refiip- 
rant  and  purgative.    Dose,  J8*  to  !pj. 

Potassa  Supkrtar'tras  iMPu'Rrs,  T*rH*~ 
crudus,  Tar'tarum,  Lapis  vim,  M<rgr*eti'mm\  F** 
dagra,  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartre  cm,  T.  brmt.  It  it 
called,  also,  Tartarum  rnbrum  and  A'«f  Jry<l 
when  obtained  from  red  wines ;  Tartamm  ctismm 
or  White  ArgoL,  when  from  white  wine*.  Tsrtir 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  betce* 
aged ;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  side?  of  trs 
casks  and  bottles  in  whioh  they  are  kept   It 


consist*  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulous 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alumen, 
oxyd  of  iron,  manganese,  and  a  rod  colouring 
matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly  used  for 
the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

PoTASSiB  Supertar'tras,  Crystal'U  Tar'tari, 
Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potassa  punts,  Superior' trate 
of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Potas'sa  Bitar'tras 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  tartrat  ac"ida,  Bitartrate  or  Su- 
pertartrate  of  Potass,  Hypertartras  Potassa,  Tar- 
tras  superpotas'sicus,  T.  subpotas' sicus,  Crystals 
of  Tartar,  Cremor  Tar'tari,  Cream  of  Tartar 
{when  in  powder,)  Supertar'trate  of  Potass,  (F.) 
Tartrate  acide  de  potasse,  Crime  de  Tartre.  (The 
tartar  of  wine  purified.)  It  requires  120  parts  of 
water  at  60°  to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purga- 
tive, refrigerant  and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water, 
with  a  small  quantity  of  white  wine,  some  sugar 
and  lemon-peel,  it  forms  an  agreeable  beverage 
in  febrile  diseases,  under  the  name  of  imperial. 
Dose,  as  a  diuretic,  3J  to  ^ij;  as  a  purgative,  3jbs 
tojj. 

Potassa  Tartras,  Kali  tartariza'tum,  AVcali 
fixum  tartarieatum,  Tar'tarum  solu'bili,  Tartarus 
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia  Tartarisa 'ta,  Sal  Pan- 
chres'tum,  Tartras  Kalinus,  T.  lixitfia,  Sal  vege- 
tab'ilis,  Alkali  vegetab'ile  tartarizatum,  Tartrate 
of  Potass,  Soluble  Tartar,  (P.)  Tartrate  de  Po- 
tasse. (Potassa  carbon,  jxvj;  Potass m  Bitar- 
trat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  Ibiij,  vel  q.  8.,  aqua  bulli- 
entis,  coog.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
the  water,  add  the  bitartrate  to  saturation,  and 
boil,*  filter,  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  forms,  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the  liquid; 
dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper,  and  keep  in 
closely-stopped  bottles.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  saline 
cathartic  in  the  dose  of  gij  to  £j. 

Potass^  Tartras  Acida,  P.  supertartras — p. 
Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras  -—p.  Tar- 
tras stibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

POTASSE,  ACETATE  DE,  Potassue  acetas 
—  p.  Bisulphate  de,  Potass®  supersulphas  —  p. 
Caustique,  Potassa  fusa — p.  d  la  Chaux,  Potassa 
cum  calce  — p.  Chlorate  de,  Potass®  murias  hy- 
perozygenatus  — p.  Hydriodate  de,  Potassa)  hy- 
driodas — p.  Liquide,  Liquor  potass® — p.  Nitrate 
de,  Potassco  nitras — p.  Prfparie  aveo  la  chaux, 
Potassa  cum  calce  —  p.  et  de  Soude,  tartrate  de, 
Soda,  tartrate  of— p.  Sulfate  de,  Potass®  sulphas, 
p.  Salfure  de,  Potass®  sulphu return — p.  Tartrate 
de,  Potass®  tartras — p.  Tartrate,  acide  de,  Po- 
tass® supertartras. 

POTAS'SIIBRO'MIDUM,Pofa^*Ay<JVo&ro'- 
mas,  (P.)  Bromure  de  Potassium,  Bromide  of  potas- 
sium. (Bromin,  ^ij;  Ferrifli,  £j  ;  Potass,  car- 
bon. 3U  and  3J,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aq.  destillat.,  Oiv.  Add 
the  iron  filings  and  bromine  to  a  pint  and  a  half 
of  tk^e  water ;  stirring  for  half  an  hour.  Apply  a 
gentle  heat,  and  when  the  liquor  assumes  a 
greenish  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate  of 
potassa,  dissolved  in  Oiss  of  the  water,  until  it 
ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate.  Continue  the  heat 
for  half  an  hour,  and  filter.  Wash  the  precipi- 
tate with  the  remaining  water,  boiling  hot,  and 
filter.  Mix  the  liquors  and  crystallize  by  evapo- 
ration. Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues:  —  those  of  iodide 
of  iron. 

Potassii  Cyahidtjh,  P.  Cyanuretum. 

Potab'sii  CYANURE'TUif,  P.  Cyan'idum,  Cya- 
nuret  of  Potassium,  Hydrocy'anate  of  Potassa, 
(Potassii  Ferrocyanur.,  in  pulv.  ^ viij ;  Potass. 
Carbonat.,  ex  siccat.,  §iij.  Mix  intimately  and 
throw  into  a  deep  iron  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
ness ;  keep  up  the  heat  till  effervescence  ceases, 
and  the  fused  mass  concretes,  of  a  pure  white 
colour,  upon  a  warm  glass  rod  dipped  into  it; 
then  pour  out  the  liquid  carofully  into  a  shallow 


dish,  to  solidify,  stopping  before  the  salt  becomes 
contaminated  with  the  precipitated  iron.  Break 
up  the  mass  whilst  warm,  and  preserve  in  well- 
stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  8.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  hydrocyanic  acid.  Dose,  a  quarter 
of  a  grain. 

Potassii  Dbuto-carbonas,  Potass®  carbonas. 

Potassii  Ferrocyanure'tum,  P.  Ferrocyan'- 
idum,  Ferrocy'anide  or  Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potas- 
sium, Ferrocy'anate  of  Potassa,  Ferroprussiate  of 
Potassa,  Prussiate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Protocyanure 
jaune  de  fer  et  de  potassium,  Cyanure  defer  et  de 
potassium.  The  yellow  double  cyanuret  of  po- 
tassium and  iron,  the  salt  from  which  the  cyanu- 
ret of  potassium  is  obtained  by  calcination.  It  if 
not  much  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been  advised 
as  an  astringent  in  the  colliquative  sweats  of 
phthisis,  in  leucorrhoea,  Ac;  but  it  does  not 
seem  to  be  possessed  of  much  activity.  Dose,  10 
or  15  grains  every  four  or  five  hours. 

Potassii  Hydrargyro-iodiduv,  Potassa  Iodo- 
hydrar'gyras,  Hydrargyrum  biiodatum  cum  kalio 
iodato,  ifalium  iodatum  hydra rgyratum,  lodhy- 
drar'gyrate  of  Potassium,  Hydrargyro-iodide  of 
Potassium.  This  salt  is  made  by  the  combination 
of  iodide  of  potassium  with  red  iodide  of  mercury. 
Its  properties  are  similar  to  those  of  the  iodides 
of  mercury,  but  in  a  less  degree. 

Potassii  Iodidum,  Potassa)  hydriodas — p.  Io- 
duretum,  Potass®  hydriodas  —  p.  Oxygeno-chlo- 
ruretum,  Potass®  murias  hyperoxygenatus  —  p. 
Protoxidi  hydriodas,  Potass®  hydriodas — p.  Sul- 
phuretum,  Potass®  sulphuretum — p.  Tersulphu- 
retura,  Potass®  sulphuretum. 

POTASSIUM.  Same  etymon  as  potash.  The 
metallic  base  of  potassa. 

POTASSIUM,  BROMURE  DE,  see  Bromine 
— p.  Cyanuret  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanide  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanuret  of,  Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum — p.  Iodide 
of,  Potass®  hydriodas  —  p.  Iodobydrargyrate  of, 
Potassii  hydrargyro-iodidum — p.  Iodure  de,  Po- 
tassse  hydriodaB — p.  Oxide  of,  Potass — p.  Proto- 
arsenite  of,  Arsenite  of  protoxide  of  potassium — p. 
Protochlorate  of,  Potass®  murias  hyperoxygena- 
tus— p.  Protonitrate  of,  Potass®  nitras — p.  Pro- 
toxide of,  Potass — p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Po- 
tassse  nitras  — p.  Protoxide  of,  superoxalate  of, 
Potass,  oxalate  of— p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate 
of,  Potass®  supertartras  —  p.  Protosulphate  of, 
Potass®  sulphas— p.  Sulfure  de,  sulfate*,  Potass® 
sulphuretum  —  p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potass®  sulphu- 
retum— p.  Superprotosulphate  of,  Potass®  super- 
sulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanum  tuberosum— p.  Fly,  Lytta 
vittata  —  p.  Hog,  Convolvulus  panduratus  —  p. 
Spanish,  Convolvulus  batatas — p.  Sweet,  Convol- 
vulus batatas  —  p.  Vine,  wild,  Convolvulus  pan- 
duratus— p.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

POTBELLY,  Physconia. 

POTELjSE,  Hyoscyamus. 

POTENTIA,  Force. 

Potrn'tia  seu  Potes'tas  CoEun'di,  Capability 
of  copulation. 

Potestia  Gexeran'di.  The  power  of  procre- 
ation. 

Potentia  Irritans,  Stimulus. 

POTEN'TIAL,  Potentials;  from  potens,  'able.* 
An  epithet  for  remedies  which,  although  energe- 
tic, do  not  act  till  some  time  after  their  applica- 
tion. The  caustic  alkalies,  for  instance,  ore 
called  Potential  cauteries  in  contradistinction  tc 
the  hot  iron,  which  is  termed  actual. 

POTENTILLA,  P.  rcptans. 

Potentil'la  Anseri'na,  P.  argenti'na  seu  tm- 
po'lita  SOU  neglee'ta,  Argentina  vufya'ris,  Fro- 
ga'ria  anseri'na,  Argentine,  Chcnobos'con,  Ar- 
genta'ria,  Anseri'na,  Silver  Weed,  WHd  Tansy, 


XVlflUlUiU 


(F.)  Argentine,  PotentilU.  The  learei  are  mildly 
astringent  and  tonic 

Potentilla  Argextina,  P.  anserina — p.  Im- 
polite, P.  anserina — p.  Neglecta,  P.  anserina. 

Potbjttilla.  Nobveg"ica,  Norway  Cinque-foil, 
an  indigenous  plant,  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Potentilla  Palusthis,  Comarmn  palnstre. 

Potentil'la  Reptass,  Pentaphvl'lum,  Fraga'- 
ia  pentaphyl'lum,   Potentil'la,    Quinquefo'lium, 


Q.  majue,  Common  cinquefoil,  (P.)  Quintefeuille. 
The  roots  are  possessed  of  astringent  properties. 
Potentilla  Tormentilla,  Tormentilla. 
POTERIUM    SANGUISORBA,    Pimpinella 
aaxifra^a. 

POTESTAS  COETJNDI,  Potentia  ooeundi— p. 
Oenerandi,  Potentia  generandi. 
POTEX,  Anus. 

POTHOS  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foetidum— p. 
Patorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POTIMOS,  Potable. 

POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion— p.  Calcis 
carbonatis,  Mistura  crette  —  p.  Effervescens  anti- 
emotica,  Potion  of  Riverius —  p.  Leniens,  Looch 
ex  ovo— p.  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo  — p.  Picea,  see 
Pin  us  sylvestris. 

POTION  (F.),  Potto;  from  poto,  'I  drink.' 
A  liquid  medicine,  from  4  to  8  ounces  or  more  in 
quantity,  the  composition  of  which  varies,  and 
which  is  administered  in  divided  doses.    It  cor- 
responds to  the  English  mixture. 
POTION  PECTORALE,  Looch  ex  ovo. 
Potion  of  Rive'rius.    A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Juice  and  Subcarbonate  of  Potaet,  —  generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.    It  is  the  Potio 
effervee'ccne  anti-emet'ica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian  codex.    The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 
cates its  use. 
POTIONIS  DESIDERIUM,  Thirst 
POT  IRON,  Cucurbita  pepo. 
POTIUNCULA,  Haustus. 
POTOPARANCEA,  Dejirium  tremens. 
POTOS,  Potable. 

POTOTROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 
POTT'S  DISEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POT  US,  Drink— p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret 
POU,  Pediculus. 
POUCE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 
POUCHED,  Encysted. 

POUDRE,  Powder,  Pulvis—  p.  Abeorbante  et 
anti-acidc,  p.  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus— p. 
d'Alun  compoaie,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminas  com- 
positus—  p.  Antiarihritique  amlre,  Pulvis  de 
araaris  compositus — p.  Antiaethmatique,  Pulvis 
de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  Antimoniale  compoaie  ou 
de  Jamee,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Aromatique, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  (TAsarttm  com- 
poaie dite  aternutatoire,  Pulvis  asari  compositus 
—p.  BaUamique,  Pulvis  myrrhsB  compositus— p. 
de  Birckmann,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus — p.  de 
Blanchemcnt,  Calcis  chloridum  —  p.de  Oannelle 
compoaie,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p,  Ca- 
thnrtique,  Pulvis  scammonese  compositus — p.  de 
Chypre,  see  Cladonia  rangiferrina  —  p.  du  Comte 
de  Palme,  Magnesias  carbonas— p.  Cornachine, 
Pulvis  cornachini— p.  de  Come  brulie  avec  opium, 
Pulvis  cornu  usti  cum  opio  — p.  de  Craie  compo- 
aie avec  opium,  see  Pulvis  cretce  compositus  cum 
opio  —  p.  de  Doicer,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha*  compo- 
situs—p.  de  Dupuytren,  Powder  of  Dupuytren — 
— p.  Gaxifere  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlitz— p.  Oa- 
ft/irc  simple,  Powders,  Boda — p.  de  Oomme 
adragant  compoaie,  Pulvis  tragacanthse  compo- 
situs — p.  de  Oomme  gutte,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta 
—p.  Hydragogue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta— p.  Inci- 
eivc,  Pulvis  de  sulphure  et  scilla  — p.  a" Ipecacu- 
anha et  opium,  Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus — 
p.  de  Jalap  compoaie,  Pulvis  jalap©  compositus 


—p.  de  Kino  compoaie,  Pulvis  kino  eompcsitsj- 
p.  de  Pirard,  Pulvis  de  senna,  scammonio  d 
lignis— p.  de  Quercetanue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gnu* 
—p.  de  Saint  Ange,  Pulvis  asari  compositm-a 
de  Savon  vigitale,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinns-j». 
de  Scammonie  compoaie,  Pulvis  scammone*  com- 
positus—p.  de  Sedliu,  Powders,  Seidliti-* .it 
Sini  compoaie,  Pulvis  sennas  comp.—  p.de  &■- 
tinelli,  Magnesias  carbonas— p.  Styptiqwe,  Pains 
sulphatis  aluminse  compositus. 

POUDRE  SUBTIL  DE  DELCROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  -  for  removing  snperiswi 
hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  It  is  said  to  «*- 
sist  of  Quicklime  and  Sulphuret  of  Anemic,  with 
some  vegetable  powder. — Paris. 

POUDRE  TEMPER  ANTE  DE  STARL, 
Pulvis  de  Sulphate  potassse  composun8--j.« 
Tewnant,  Calcis  chloridum— p.  de  TaZentint,  Mi?- 
nesifle  carbonas— p.  Vermifvge  mercuritlU,  Pul*a 
e  sulphureto  hydrargyro  nigro  et  scammonio-f 
Vermifuge  $an»  mercure,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocow 
compositus. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Ttes 
alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of  Mem, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  arid,  carboi»M 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia ;  chloride  of  wdian, 
alumina,  and  silica,  with  protoxide  of  iron. 
POULAIN,  Bubo.  w.      . 

POULET,  VIN  DE  (F.),  PuUet Wt*-  i 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the  «• 
crement  of  the  pullet  in  white  wine.  According 
to  Nysten,  it  is  employed  by  the  vnlgar  fa  Ptar» 
in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  especially  in  ml, 
contusions,  Ac 
POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 
POULS,  Pulse-^p.  Abdominal,  Puisne  infenor 
—p.  dee  Adultee,  Pulse,  natural— p.  AgM*  wf* 
fortis— p.  Baa,  Pulse,  low— p.  Capitol,  Fnw. 
nasal— p.  Combini,  Pulse,  complex^.  G>»;*?«> 
Pulse,  complex— p.  Compoei,  Pulse,  complei-f- 
Concentri.  Pulse,  contracted— p.  Df/aOu*  m- 
sus  deficiens— p.  Deprimi,  Pulse,  depressed-^ 
de  la  Diarrhie,  Pulse,  intestinal —p.  D»t n&] 
hard— p.  ilevi,  Pulse,  ardent— p.  ^^ 
Pulsus  intricatus— p.  de  VEetomae,  Pulse,  * 
machal— p.  lttroit,  Pulsus  strictus— p  *r£" 
pectoration,  Pulse,  pectoral— p.  FaihU,  1^ 
feeble—  p.  du  Foie,  Pulse,  hepatic  — ]»•  »«** 
Pulse,  large— p.  Ineeneiblc,  Pulsus  deficieni-f- 
Intercadent,  Pulse,  intermittent^?,  d*  /f  ** 
Pulse,  intestinal— p.  Languiseant,  N«i  *£" 
—p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow— p.  de  la  Matrtee,  PaW 
utorinus— p.  Modfri,  Pulse,  natural  -J*  ** 
Pulse,  soft— p.  de  Nc*,  Pulse,  m"!-^^ 
ant,  Pulse,  undulating— p.  Ondulant,  W,* 
dulating— p.  Palpitant,  Pulse,  tremulwi*-T 
Parfait,  Pulse,  natural— p.  Petit,  ?*}*>?»»' 
p.  Plcin,  Pulse,  full-p.  Pricipiti,  Pul«e,  fteqa* 
—p.  Profond,  Pulse,  deop-p.  Prompt,^; 
sharp— p.  Rare,  Pulse,  slow  — p.  *etZr"rJ. 
Pulsus  dicrotus— p.  Redoubli,  Pulsus  dicw» 


p.  deeReglee,  Pulsus  uterinus— p.  R<»de,  in- 
tense—p.  Serratile,  Pulsus  serrinns--p -^ 
Pulse,  contracted— p.  de  la  Sueur,  Wf  "V, 
ralis—  p.  Tardif,  Pulse,  slow— p.  Tend*,*™*' 
tense  — p.  Tremblant,  Pulse,  tremulous--^ 
V Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis-p.  ViMme*tJ^*" 
tie—  p.  Ventral,  Pulsus  inferior-p.  J*  *JL 
vaouus— p.  Ft/,Pulse,  sharp-^p.  Fue,Pw«»"^ 

POULTICE,  see  Cataplasm. 

POUNCE,  Sandarac  .   ^ 

POUND,  Libra,  Litra,  X«rs«,  Lat  *"*^ 
ge'dia  (of  twelve  oz.),  Barda'dia,  (*•)££ 
from  pondere,  'to  weigh.'  A  weight,  eoiwg 
of  twelve  ounces  Troy,— sixteen  ounces  **** 
poise.     See  Weights  and  Measure*. 

POUR  PIER  CULTIVE,  Portulaea, 


rUUILflUS 


709 


PRECORDIAL 


POURPRE  BLANC,  Miliary  fever. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction— p.  cTSSpital, 
Hospital  gangrene. 

POUS,  Pes. 

POUSSE.  Pursiness. 

POUSSES,  Lichen. 

POUSSIltRE  TUBERCULEUSE(V.),  'Tu- 
berculous Dust.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Rilliet 
and  Barthez  to  fine  white  or  yellow  minute  points 
of  tuberculous  matter  occurring  in  myriads,  so  as 
to  be  likened  to  dust. 

POWDER,  Pulvia. 

Powder  of  JSthio'pia,  Guy's.  A  once  cele- 
brated anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of  pure 
rasped  tin,  mercury,  and  sulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

Powder  of  Aloes,  Compound,  Pulvis  aloes 
compositug,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminas  compositus 
— p.  of  Aloes  with  can  ell  a,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  ca- 
nella —  p.  Antimonial,  Cbenevix's,  Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Aromatic,  Pulvis  aromaticus. 

Powder,  Arsenical,  of  Come,  C6me*s  powder 
— a  caustic — is  formed  of  arsenious  acid,  gr.  xj 
red  sulphuret  of  mercury,  gr.  xl ;  powdered  ani- 
mal charcoal,  gr.  x.  It  is  made  into  a  paste  with 
mucilage. 

Powder  of  Aruk,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro 
compositus — p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  of  Bladder-wrack,  yellow, 
Pulvis  quercus  marinse —  p.  Bleaching,  Calcis 
chloridum — p.  Camboge,  PulviB  e  gummi  gutta — 
p.  Cardinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona  —  p.  of  Chalk, 
compound,  Pulvis  cretss  compositus — p.  of  Chalk 
with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  cretao  compositus 
cum  opio  —  p.  of  Cinnamon,  compound,  Pulvis 
cinnamomi  compositus — p.  Cdme's,  Powder  arse- 
nical of  Come —  p.  of  Contrayerva,  compound, 
Pulvia  oontrayervse  compositus  —  p.  Countess's, 
Cinchona — p.  Countess  of  Kent's,  CantianuB  pul- 
vis— p.  Cyprus,  Hibiscus  abelmoscbus  —  p.  Do- 
ver's, Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus. 

Powder  of  Dupuytren  (Caustic;)  (F.)  Pov- 
dre  de  Dupuytren,  formed  of  1  part  of  arsenious 
acid  and  200  parts  of  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
A  mild  and  manageable  caustic  for  causing  an 
eschar  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  in  lupus,  Ac. 

Powder,  Earl  of  Warwick's,  Pulvis  corna- 
chini — p.  of  Ethiopia,  Powder  of  ^Ethiopia. 

Powder*  of  Faynard.  A  celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  the  charcoal  of  beech  wood  finely  pul- 
verized. 

Powder,  Fever,  Schwanbbrg'b,  Antimonial 
powder. 

Powder-Folder.  In  Pharmacy,  an  apparatus 
by  which  papers  containing  powders  are  folded 
of  the  desired  length. 

Powder,  Ginger-beer,  see  Amomum  zingiber 
— p.  Gout,  Duke  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Duois  Port- 
landiiB — p.  of  Burnt  hartshorn  with  opium,  Pul- 
vis oornu  eervi  cum  opio  —  p.  Ipecacuanha  com- 
pound, Pulvis  ipecaouanhse  compositus  —  p.  of 
Jalap,  compound,  Pulvis  jalapsB  compositus  —  p. 
James's,  factitious,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Je- 
suit's, Cinchona — p.  of  Kino,  compound,  Pulvis 
kino  compositus — p.  of  Lemonade,  see  Lemonade 
— p.  of  Magnesia,  compound,  Pulvis  de  magne- 
sia- compositus — p.  of  the  Marquis,  Marchionis 
pulvis — p.  Mead's,  against  the  bite  of  a  Mad  dog, 
Pol  vis  antily&sus — p.  Myrrh,  compound,  Pulvis 
myrrhs  compositus  —  p.  Portland,  Pulvis  Duois 
PorUandiee  — p.  of  the  three  Sanders,  see  Dia- 
trium — p.  Scammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammo- 
nii  cum  aloe — p.  Scammony  compound,  Pulvis 
soammonise  compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound, 
Pulvis  sennn  compositus — p.  Sneezing,  see  V era- 
tram  album— p.  Spruce  beer!  see  Spruce  beer— 


p.  Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  Tooth,  Dentf- 
fricium — p.  Tragacanth,  compound,  Pulvis  traga- 
canthsB  compositus. 

Powder,  Vien'na,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste  —  Vienna  paste,  (F.) 
Caustique  de  Vienne — with  spirits  of  wine,  and  is 
applied  on  the  diseased  part,  previously  circum- 
scribed by  a  hole  cut  in  a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  according 
to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used  in 
cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

By  fusing  the  potass  and  lime,  and  raising  the 
heat  so  as  to  cause  ebullition,  the  caustic  may  be 
run  into  cylinders : — when  it  is  called  Caustique- 
Filhos,  Caus'ticum  Viennen'si  fuswn  Filhos,  from 
the  name  of  the  author  of  the  process. 

Powders,  Castillon,  so  called  from  the  name 
of  the  physician  who  first  proposed  them.  They 
are  formed  of  sago,  in  powder j  salep,  in  powder  j 
tragacanth,  in  powder,  each,  four  parts;  pre- 
pared oyster-shells,  one  part,  cochineal,  half  a 
part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm  each ; 
one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times  a  day  as 
a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

Powders,  Soda,  Pul'veres  effervescent  tes,  (F.) 
Poudree  gasi feres  simples.  (Sod<B  carb,  gss,  in 
each  blue  paper ;  tartaric  acid,  gr.  xxv  in  each 
white  paper ;  for  half  a  pint  of  water. )  A  pleasant, 
cooling  drink j  taken  during  the  effervescence. 

Seidlitz  Powders,  (F.)  Poudree  gaziflres  laxa- 
tives ou  Poudres  de  Seidlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  the  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty— p.  Inherent,  Irritability- 
p.  Tonic,  Irritability. 

POX,  Syphilis,  Variola — p.  Chicken,  Varicella 
— p.  Doctor,  Syphilidiater  —  p.  French,  Syphilis 
— p.  Grease,  see  Grease — p.  Noddle,  Syphiloma- 
nia — p.  Small,  Variola — p.  Swine,  see  Varicella — 
p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 

POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Pos- 
zuoli  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples.  The 
springs  are,  1.  Acqua  delta  pietra,  Temp.  91°  Fah. 
2.  Acqua  di  Oavalcanti,  Temp.  100°.  A.  di  sub- 
veni  homini,  Temp.  102°;  A.  del  cantarello,  Temp. 
86  to  89° j  and  that  of  the  Temple  of  Serapis  in 
PozeuoH,  Temp.  102  to  107°.  The  last  contains 
carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  alu- 
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
Bodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 

PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon  apo- 
thecary— p.  Irregular,  see  Irregular — p.  Regular, 
see  Regular — p.  Routine,  Routinist. 

PR.SBIUM,  Dose. 

PRJECAUTIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PRJSCIPITANS  MAGNUM,  Sepia, 

PR-fiCIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
prsecipitatum. 

PRiKCIPITATUS  RUBER,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydnm. 

PR  JBCISIO  PRABPUTII,  Circumcision. 

PRJ3COCIA,  Primus  Armenlaca. 

PRECOCITY,  Prsaotia. 

PR^COGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^ECORD'IA,  from  pra,  'before/  and  cor, 
'  the  heart.'  The  diaphragm ;  also,  the  thoracic 
viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

Prjecor'dial  or  Precordial  Region,  Re'gio 
prmcordiaca  sen  pracordia'lis,  is  the  epigastric 
region.  Also,  and  more  properly,  the  region  of 
the  heart  A  line  drawn  from  the  inferior  mar 
gins  of  the  third  ribs  across  the  sternum,  passes 
over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery  a  little 
to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and  those  of  the 
aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about  half  an  inch 
lower  down.    A  vertical  line,  coinciding  with  to* 


PRJ3C0RDITJM 


710 


PREGNANCY 


loft  margin  of  the  sternum,  has  about  one-third 
of  the  heart,  comprising  the  upper  portion  of  the 
right  ventricle,  on  the  right,  —  and  two-thirds, 
comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the  right  ventri- 
cle and  the  whole  of  the  left,  on  the  left  This 
is  the  precordial  region. 

PR^CORDIUM,  Fossette  du  caur— p.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

PRiECOX  MATURITAS,  Prseotia. 

PR,ECUSTODIA,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^DICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^DISPOSITIO,  Predisposition. 

PRiBDIVINATIO,  Mantia. 

PR^DOMIN'IUM ;  from  prce,  'before/  and 
dominus,  *  a  lord.'  Predominance  of  one  thing 
over  another. 

Prjsdomin'iuk  Aqujb.  A  predominance  of 
watery  fluid, —  Tenu'ttas  aquo'sa. 

Prjedominidk  San'cuinis  Arterio'si.  A  pre- 
dominance of  arterial  blood,  Arterios'itas  san- 
guinis. 

Pr^edoutn'iux  Sas'guinib  Vexo'si,  Venosfitas 
San'guinie.     Predominance  of  venous  blood. 

PIUBFOCATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Suffocation  —  p. 
Faucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Angone — p.  Ute- 
rina,  Angone. 

PR^FOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PR^GNANS,  Pregnant 

PR^GNAS,  Pregnant 

PR^GNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PRjEGNATUS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PRJSGNAX,  Pregnant 

PR^EGUSTATIO,  Avant-gouL 

PRJEHENSIO,  Prohensio. 

PRjELIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PRiBLIUM,  Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet — p. 
Arteriole,  Tourniquet 

PRiELUMBARIS,  Prelumbar. 

PRJ5NOTIO,  Prognosis. 

PRiENUNTIATIO,  Prognosis. 

PRJ3PARATIO,  Preparation— p.  Chyli,  Chy- 
liflcation. 

PRJ3PARATUM,  Preparation. 

PR<ffiPOTEN'TIA,  from  pr<e,  'before/  and  jpo- 
tent, *  powerful.'    Great  power  or  strength. 

Prjbpotew'tia  Viri'lis.  Great,  or  too  great 
procreative  power  on  the  part  of  the  male. 

PR^POTIO,  Propotismos. 

PR^PUTIALIS,  PreputiaL 

PR^PUTICM,  Prepuce. 

PR£SSAGIUM,  Mantia. 

PR^JSCIENTIA,  Prognosis. 

PRJESCITIO,  Prognosis. 

PRJ5SCRIPTIO,  Prescription. 

PR^BSEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PRiESEPIUM,  Alveolus. 

PRJ3SERVATIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PRJESERVATIVUM,  Amuletum. 

PRiESERVATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative indication;  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  development  of  disease. 

PR^ISERVATORIUS,  Prophylactic. 

PRjESPINALIS,  PrespinaL 

PR-ETIBIALIS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  BUSH,  STINKING,  Ptelea  trifo- 
liate— p.  Pines,  Li  atria. 

PRASINUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subaoetas. 

PRASINUS,  Porraceous. 

PRASI'TES,  from  prasium,  'horehound.' 
"Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  Prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

Praxis  Mbd'ica.  The  practical  exercise  of 
the  healing  art 

PRECIPITATE,  RED,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 


oxydum  —  p.  White,  Hydrargyrum  prscipiU- 
tum. 

PRECJPITA'TION,  Pradpita'tio,  (F.)  Prt- 
cipitif  from  praeipitare,  (prce, '  before,'  and  es- 
put,  '  the  head/)  *  to  throw  headlong.'  The  u- 
tion  by  whioh  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which 
it  is  dissolved,  and  beoomes  deposited  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vessel.  The  matter,  so  thrown  dowi 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a  precipitate. 

PRECIPITATION DE  LA  MATRWRM 
cidentia  uteri. 

PR&C1PIT&  BLANC,  Hydrargyrum  praeU 
pitatum. 

PRECORDIAL,  Precordial. 

PRECUR'SORT,  Pr«Bc«r«o'ri*f;  from  pr*, 
4  before/  and  curro,  curium,  '  I  run.'  That  which 
precedes. 

Precursory  or  Prexon'itort  Shjhs  orSnr- 
TOMS,  (F.)  Signet  prieurseurs,  &  avant  eosrtvt, 
are  those  which  indicate  an  approaching  diMtw. 

PREDISPONENT  CAUSES,  see  Cause*,  pr* 
disponent. 

PREDISPOSITION,  PrtBdispoeif'io,  ftssV- 
ia  morbo'rum  (Gaubius);  from  pra,  *  before,'  m4 
disponere,  'to  dispose/  (F.)  Imminence  norbiit. 
That  constitution  or  condition  of  the  body,  which 
disposes  it  to  the  action  of  disease  under  the  ap- 
plication of  an  exciting  cause.  Thus,  in  heredi- 
tary diseases,  the  conformation  is  such,  that  but 
a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required  to  pro- 
duce them.  When  the  disease  arises  solely  foe 
the  predisposition,  or  under  the  additional  influ- 
ence of  an  extremely  slight  exciting  cense,  it  i* 
by  some,  termed  a  ditpotition. 

PREDOR'SAL,  Pradorsa'lis,  from  pre?,  '«> 
fore,'  and  dorsum y  *  the  back.' 

PrjEDOrsal  Region  of  the  vertebral  column  » 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 

PR&DORSO-ATLOlDIEN,  Longos  colli 

PR&DORSO-CERVICAL,  LongnieoE 

PREG'NANOY,  Pragna'tio,  Prey**'***  *" 
pragna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Ingravida'tiw,  foa 
pra,  *  before/  and  genere,  '  to  beget'  Hytitrvtf' 
sis,  Gravid1 itas,  0.  uteri' na,  En'eymon,()fe'ti*,t+ 
eye' sis,  En'cysis,  Encymt/sia,  Cyopko'ria,  G<**' 
Hon,  Fceta'tton,  Vtero-gcsta'tion;  (F.)  G****- 
The  state  of  a  female  who  has  within  her  t  feco>- 
dated  germ,  which  gradually  becomes  developeda 
or  out  of  the  uterus.  When  placed  in  tfie  csrity  ■ 
the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the  vital  principle  whw* 
animates  it,  it  beoomes  attached  to  the  inner  w£ 
face  of  that  viscus,  and  obtains  from  it  indired? 
the  nutriment  necessary  for  its  gradual  dtr&t 
ment,  during  the  space  of  ten  lunar  month*  * 
two  hundred  and  eighty  days — the  ordinary  tti* 
or  duration  of  gestation,  although  the  period  ajf 
be  protracted  to  300  days  or  upwards,— ■*  »* 
expiration  of  which  partarition  occurs,  P**** 
nancy  is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  ftt**j:tt*| 
times,  the  uterus  contains  two  or  tar*e-~~^eX 
production.  Occasionally,  one  or  two  mole*-* 
degenerated  products  of  conception— alone  <** 
py  the  uterus  :— at  other  times,  a  fetus  ft**"? 
exists.  In  certain  cases,  and  owing  to  *«*»* 
oiroumstanoes,  the  fecundated  ovum  r*"**^* 
the  ovarium,  or  is  arrested  in  the  Fallopitat** 
Pregnancy  has,  accordingly,  been  dunis****? 
into,  1.  Natural  or  uterine,  when  the  f*«*" 
carried  in  the  cavity  of  the  womb:  w^^vT 
tematural  or  extra-uterine,  Exfato'tie*.  ft*** 
Ho  vitio'sa,  Pamcye'sis  sou  Eerys'sis,  Ed*!** 
eye' 919,  Echthysteroeye'eis,  Dysto'cw,  ^J*7 
sen  Graviditas  extra-uteri' na,  (F.)  ^  *—""*£ 
tre-nature, — when  it  occurs  in  the  ovariaa»o» 
or  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

During  pregnancy,  the  female  experieac»|^ 
markable  changes  in  the  condition  of  her  orrs» 


■ad  Auctions.  The  genital  apparatus  is,  of 
course,  most  affected.  The  uterus  changes  its 
shape,  situation,  size,  and  texture.  The  usual 
signs  of  pregnancy  are, — suppression  of  the  cata- 
menia;  the  abdomen  gradually  enlarging  and 
forming  a  hard  tumour ;  the  umbilicus  prominent 
in  the  latter  months ;  the  breasts  increasing  in 
size ;  the  areola  round  the  nipple  becoming  darker 
and  the  follicles  more  developed ;  kyestein  in  the 
urine  from  an  early  period ;  a  bluish  tint  of  the 
vagina  after  the  fourth  week;  about  the  fifth 
month,  the  evidence  by  balhttement,  and  the  pla- 
cental souffle  and  sound  of  the  foetal  heart  heard 
on  auscultation;  the  motion  of  the  foetus  per- 
ceptible, and  the  neck  of  the  uterus  diminishing 
in  length  at  the  advanced  periods. 

Pregnancy,  Abdom'inal,  Eccve'sis  abdomina'- 
lis,  Cosliocye'sis,  Graviditas  abdomina'lis,  (F.) 
Grossesse  abdominal*.  That  in  which  the  ovum 
has  escaped  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Pregnancy,  Apcb'tal,  Pregnancy  without  a 
foetus,  (F.)  Grossesse  afostaU,  G.  sans  foetus. 
Pregnancy  produced  by  a  false  or  degenerate 
conception,  or  any  other  affection,  which  has 
given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the  uterus. 
Madame  Boivin  includes  in  this  class,  sarco-hys- 
teric,  hydro-hysteric,  gazo-hysteric,  and  hemato- 
hysteric  pregnancies. 

Pregnancy,  Bigeminal,  (F.)  Choseeese  bigi- 
minaie,  Double  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Grossesse  com- 
plexe,  G.  inter-extra  utirine,  is  when  the  womb, 
besides  a  foetus,  contains  much  water,  hydatids, 
ft  mole,  Ac. 

Pregnancy,  Compound,  Polybrephfia,  Poly- 
cye'sia.  Poly  eye' sis,  (F.)  Grossesse  composie,  is 
when  there  are  two  or  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Double,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
p.  Duration  of,  see  Pregnancy — p.  Extra-uterine, 
see  Pregnancy. 

Preg'nancy,  False,  Graviditas  spuria,  (F.) 
Grossesse  fausse  ou  apparente,  Psendoeye'sis. 
Authors  have  called  thus  different  affections  of 
&  more  or  less  serious  character,  whioh  resemble 
pregnancy ;  so  as,  at  times,  to  impose  upon  the 
best-informed  practitioners.  These  diseases  may 
be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependencies,  in 
the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the  abdomen. 
They  may  be ;— a  mole,  hydatids,  water,  blood, 
or  polypus  distending  the  parietes  of  the  uterus ; 
—  chronic  enlargement  of  the  uterus;  develop- 
ment of  tumours,  Ac,  in  its  substance; — soirrhus ; 
dropsy  of  the  ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites,  Ac. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  fcetale. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  foetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the  solitary,  bigeminal, 
trigeminal,  and  sarco-fostal  pregnancies,  which 
form  the  first  order;  and  the  tubal,  ovarial,  and 
abdominal,  which  constitute  the  second. 

Pregnancy,  Gazo-hystrr'io,  (F.)  Grossesse 
Oaao-hystirique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Havato-hysteric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hSmato-hyste'rique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Hydro-hysterio,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hydro-hysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  TNTERSTiT"iALf  Graviditas  in 
mteri  substan'tid,  Gravid' it  as  interstitia'lis.  The 
development  of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus.    The  case  generally  termi- 


nates fatally  at  an  early  period  of  gestation ;  the 
thin  external  paries  of  the  uterus  being  ruptured, 
and  the  ovum  passing  into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,  Morbid,  Paracye'sis,  Dysto'cia, 
Dyseye'sis.  The  progress  of  pregnancy  disturbed 
or  endangered  by  the  supervention  of  general  or 
local  disorder. —  Good. 

Pregnancy,  Oya'rian,  (F.)  Grossesse  ovariean* 
ou  de  Vovaire,  Eceye'sis  ova'ria,  O'driocyt1  sis, 
O'dcye'eis,  Graviditas  extra-uteri' na  in  ova'rio. 
Pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  developed  in  the 
interior  of  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Plea  op.  A  plea,  which  a  woman, 
capitally  convicted,  may  set  up  in  arrest  of  exe- 
cution until  she  is  delivered.  See  Jury  of  Ma- 
trons, and  De  ventre  inspiciendo. 

Pregnancy,  Pretend'ed.  The  criminal  act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  been  delivered,  pre- 
sente  an  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her.  (F.) 
Supposition  de  part.  (This  term,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who,  hav- 
ing been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substitutes  for 
it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  ear- 
co-foetaU.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are  one  or 
more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-Hystrric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
sarco-hvstirique.  Afoetal  pregnancy  formed  by 
moles,  hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Solitary,  (F.)  Grossesse  solitaire* 
ou  simple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  single 
foetus. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigem'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tn- 
gSminale  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there 
are  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tubaire, 
Eccye'sis  tuba' lis.  Pregnancy  where  the  foetus 
remains  and  is  developed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Pregnancy,  Uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-abdom'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
uttro-abdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting  of  two 
foetuses ;  one  in  the  uterus — the  other  in  the  ab- 
dominal cavity. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-ova'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
uUro-ovaricnne.  Pregnancy  with  two  foetuses, 
one  in  the  womb,  the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  uti- 
ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  at  the 
same  time  a  foetus  in  the  womb  and  another  in 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

PKEGNANT,  Pregnane,  Pragmas,  Pragnase, 
Encar'pos,  Grav'ida,  Plena  mu'lier,  Incine'ta, 
Gravid,  Breeding,  (F.)  Enceinte.  One  in  a  state 
of  pregnancy ; — one  with  child. 

PREHENSIO,  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 

PREHEN'SIQN,  Preken'eio,  from  prehendere, 
'to  lay  hold  of.' 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  act  of  carrying  it 
to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into  that  cavity. 
It  is,  also,  called  Assump'tio,  Proslep'sis,  Prof- 
phora. 

PR&LE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRfaOMBAIRE,  Prelumbar. 

PR^LOMBO-PUBIEN,  Psoas  parvus—  p* 
TrocX  in  tin,  Psoas  magnus. 

PRELUM,  Press  — p.  Arteriale,  Tourniquet 

PRELUM'BAR,  Pralumba'ris,  (F.)  Prilom- 
baire,  from  frast  'before/  and  lumbi,  'the  loins.' 
That  which  is  plaeed  before  the  loins.  The  pre- 
lumbar surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the  ante- 
rior, surface  of  the  lumbar  portion. 

PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 

PRENAN'THES,  QaU  of  the  Earth,  Dewin 
Snakeroot,  Lion's  Foot    There  ore  many  specie! 


PRENDRE 


7W 


PBESCBIPTI05 


•f  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and  milky 
juice  are  very  bitter.  They  are  used  in  popular 
practice  in  dysentery ;  and  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm to  bites  of  serpents. 

Prbnanthes  Serpentaria,  Nabalus  albas, 

PRENDRE  INSCRIPTION,*** Matriculate. 

PREPARATION,  Prtepara'tioy  from  pra, 
'before,'  and  parare,  paratum,  'to  get  ready.' 
The  act  of  making  ready  any  substance  whatever 
that  has  to  be  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration j— Prapara'tum. 

Any  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for  the 
uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 

PREP'UCB,  Prapu'tium,  perhaps  from  *pos, 
and  kooBti,  *  the  foreskin/  Epago'gium,  Potthi, 
Pella,  Po»'thium,  Pu'tium,  Foreekin.  The  pro- 
longation of  the  integuments  of  the  penis,  which 
covers  the  glans.  The  prepuce  is  composed  of 
two  membranous  layers:  one  external  or  cuta- 
neous ;  the  other  internal  or  mucous,  separated 
by  areolar  membrane.  The  mucous  membrane 
lines  the  inner  surface  of  the  cutaneous  layer  till 
beyond  the  glans,  when  it  is  reflected  over  the 
latter;  forming,  behind  the  corona,  a  small  cu£- 
de-tac  above  the  corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  in- 
terrupted by  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  called  the  framum,  fixed  in  the 
furrow  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  glans,  and  ter- 
minating at  a  little  distance  from  the  orifice  of 
the  urethra.  The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semi- 
lunar fold  formed  by  a  obntinuation  of  the  skin 
of  the  labia.     It  is  called  Prapu'tium  clitor'idi*. 

PREPU'TIAL,  Praputia'lie ;  same  etymon. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  prepuce ;  —  as  the 
'preputial  secretion/ — or  that  which  takes  place 
from  the  lining  of  the  prepuce  covering  the  glans. 

PRESBYODOCHIUM,  Gerocomium. 

PRESBYON'OSI;  from  irpw/Jus,  'old,'  and 
wo*,  '  disease.'    Diseases  of  old  age. 

PRESBYOPIA,  Presbytia. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBYT'IA,  Preebyo'pia,  Amhlyo'pia  prox- 
imo'rum,  Vi*ue  ieni'lie,  Pre§'byopy,  (F.)  Vue 
Uingue  ;  from  zptcfivs,  *  an  old  person.'  A  very 
high  degree  is  termed  Hyperpreebyt'ia.  A  con- 
dition of  vision,  common  in  old  persons,  which 
consists  in  the  circumstance  of  near  objects  being 
confusedly  seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  dis- 
tance are  clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed 
to  depend  generally  on  diminution  of  the  convex- 
ity of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  eonvergency  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form  a 
focus  behind  the  retina.  This  defect  is  remedied 
by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which  augment  the 
convergence  of  the  luminous  rays.  It  is,  also, 
called  Long-tigktedneee,  Parop'tu  longin'qua, 
Dyao'pia  proximo' rum. 

PRESCRIPTION,  Pratcrip'tio,  Anagraph*, 
from  pra, '  before,'  and  teribere,  *  to  write.'  For- 
mula med'iea,  Praaerip'tio  med'iea,  Reeep'tum, 
(F.)  Formule,  Ordonnance.  The  formula  which 
the  physician  writes  for  the  composition  of  medi- 
cine adapted  to  any  case  of  disease.  A  prescrip- 
tion should  be  as  simple  as  possible,  and  should 
bear  upon  its  face  the  evidence  of  the  objects  to 
be  fulfilled  by  it  No  article  should  form  part 
of  it,  unless  adapted  for  serving  some  useful  pur- 
pose. A  compound  prescription  has  been  divided 
into  four  parts : — the  ban*  or  principal  ingredient 
of  the  prescription  ,*  the  ad'juvans,  or  that  which 
is  designed  to  promote  the  action  of  the  former ; 
the  cor'rigens,  or  that  intended  to  correct  its  ope- 
ration, or  obviate  any  unpleasant  symptom  which 
it  may  be  apt  to  produce ;  and  the  conetit'uen*, 
urrfp'xent,  or  substance  which  gives  to  the  other 


ingredients  consistence  or  form.  AH  these  in 
seen  in  the  following  formula  for  cathartic  pflli: 

Aloes 3j Barit. 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  mit    gr.  x Ad/trawi 

Olei  Carui gtt.  v Cvrrign*. 

Syrupi q.  s Conititvm. 

M.  et  fiant.  Pilulao  xx.    See  Symbol 

It  is  obvious,  however,  that  most  prescription 
are  more  simple  than  this.  The  basis,  for  exam- 
ple, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  oorrigent,  an 
constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following  STnoprii  of 
the  principles  of  medicinal  combination,  /aw*- 
taxiolog"iaf  Iamato»yniaxiolog"ia,  which  may 
serve  as  an  instructive  guide  to  the  prescribe!  >- 

OBJECT  L 

TO  PROMOTE  THB  ACTIOS  OF  IB  BASH. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  form  « 
preparations  of  the  eame  tubetanee,  B.  By  ca- 
bining the  basis  with  Bubstanoes  which  are  of  the 
same  nature ;  i.  e.,  which  are  individually  esp- 
ble  of  producing  the  same  effects,  with  les  ««• 
gy  than  when  in  combination  with  each  other* 
C.  By  combining  the  basis  with  substances  of  I 
different  nature,  and  which  do  not  exert  any  che- 
mical influence  upon  it,  but  are  found  by  tfp* 
rienoe,  or  inferred  by  analogy,  to  be  capable  tf 
rendering  the  stomach  or  system  more  wsceptt* 
ble  of  its  action. 

OBJECT  IT 

TO  CORRECT  THE  OPERATION  OF  THE  BASIS  IT  OV 
YIATING  ANY  UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  IK1» 
BE  LIKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICB  WOO* 
PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTIOS,  AND  WW' 
THB  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

A.  By  chymically  neutralizing  or  iwctow*^ 
separating  the  offending  ingredient  B.  By  aw- 
ing some  substance  calculated  to  guard  the  sto- 
mach or  system  against  its  deleterious  effect* 

OBJECT  in. 

TO  OBTAIN  THE  JOINT  OPERATION  OF  TWO  01  BO* 
MEDICINES. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  art  «* 
oulated  to  produce  the  Mime  ultimate  result*  » 
by  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  *£ 
oombining  medicines  which  have  entirely  «**- 
ent  powers ;  and  which  are  required  to  ©b«# 
different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different** 
cations. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO  OBTAIN  A  NEW  AND  ACTIVE  BENfiDT,  50T  & 
FORDED  BT  ANT  SINGLE  BORSTALS. 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  ex«*  ** 
ferent  actions  in  the  stomach  and  ST*^*?** 
sequence  of  which  new  or  modified  rW"*,1?v 
produced.  B.  By  combining  substance*  »■** 
have  the  property  of  acting  d^icattyvp*** 
other ;  tho  results  of  which  are :— o.  TheJ*r 
tion  of  new  compounds;  b.  The  deeenp**" 
of  the  original  ingredients,  and  the  deT*WJ! 
of  the  more  active  elements.  C  By*!**1*!; 
substances,  between  which  no  other  eaa*5' 
induced  than  a  diminution  or  increase  in  tw*j 
lubilify  of  the  principles  in  whieh  their  n**8"? 
virtues  reside,  a.  By  the  intervention  ef» 
stances  that  act  ekymieaUy.  6.  By  tBe,tr*I 
of  ingredients  whose  operation  is  entirely  ■» 
chanicaL 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFORD  AN  BUflBLE  FOR*. 

o.  By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  t**9*!*^ 
hanced.     6.  By  which  its  rupee*  or  /«**  ■ 


rendered  more  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  adminis- 
tration more  convenient  c  By  which  it  is  pre- 
served from  the  spontaneous  decomposition  to 
which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  author's  "Medical  Stu- 
dent," Philad.  1844,  will  aid  the  student,  not  only 
in  translating,  but  in  writing  his  prescriptions 
more  solito.] 

PRESENTATION,  from  (LatOjwweiw,  (prat, 
'before/  and  ens,  'being.')    The  part  of  a  foetus 
which  is  felt  presenting,  on  examination  per  vagi- 
nam.    When  the  head  presents,  and  especially 
the  vertex,  or  the  feet,  knees,  or  breech,  the  pre- 
sentation is  said  to  be  natural:  when  any  other 
part,  preternatural,  and  the  labour  is  styled  per- 
verse or  preternatural,  Parodyn'ia  perversa,  Dy s- 
to'cia  perversa,   Groes-birth,  (P.)   Accouchement 
contre  nature.    When  any  part  besides  the  head, 
feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents,  the  operation  of 
turning  becomes  necessary.    See  Parturition. 
PRESIS,  Swelling. 
PRJ&SLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
PRESMA,  Swelling. 

PRESPFNAL,  Prmspina'lis,  from  prm,  'be- 
fore/ and  spina,  'the  spine/  That  whioh  is 
situate  before  the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS,  Prce'lium,  Prm'lium,  Presso'rium,  Pi- 
Inter,  Pieste'rion,  (F.)  Preesoir,  Presse.  An  in- 
strument for  subjecting  matters  to  considerable 
pressure,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  the  liquid 
from  the  solid  portion. 
Press  op  Herophilus,  Torcular  HerophilL 
P  R  ESSE-AR  T$RE.  An  instrument  invented 
by  Deschamps  for  the  immediate  compression  of 
arteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate  six  or  seven 
lines  long,  and  three  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or  stem 
two  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly  above 
the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity  of  the 
plate  is  a  hole,  through  whioh  each  of  the  ends 
of  the  ligature,  to  be  plaoed  upon  the  artery,  is 
passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  be  tightened  by 
drawing  the  ends,  and  fixing  them  to  the  perpen- 
dicular rod.  This  preese-artire  or  serre-artere, 
surrounded  with  oharpie,  remains  in  the  wound, 
until  there  is  no  longer  danger  of  hemorrhage. 
The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and  the  instrument 
withdrawn.    It  is  an  unnecessary  instrument. 

PRESSE-  URJtTBRE,  Jugum  Penis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  whieh, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  by 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced  be- 
tween the  branohes,  one  of  them  being  applied 
to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened  so  as 
to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure  sufficient  to  bring 
the  parietes  of  the  canal  in  contact  This  instru- 
ment is  sometimes  used  in  incontinence  of  urine, 
to  prevent  the  constant  discharge  of  that  fluid. 
PRESSIO,  Pressure. 

JPRESS10&  ABDOMINALS,  Pressure,  ab- 
dominal. 

PRESSOIR,  Press— p.  cTHerophile,  Torcular 
Herophili. 

PRESSORIUM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Pree'eio,  from  premo,  pressum, 
* 1  press.'    The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abdom'iwal,  (F. )  Preeeion  abdomi- 
nale.  A  mode  of  examination  by  means  of  which 
the  sensibility,  size,  suppleness,  or  hardness  of 
any  morbid  abdominal  •viseus  may  be  compared, 
in  these  respects,  with  its  healthy  condition. 
Biohat  proposed,  with  the  view  of  exploring  the 
state  of  the  thoracic  organs,  to  exert  a  pressure 
from  below  upwards  on  the  abdominal  organs,  so 
as  to  crowd  them  upon  the  diaphragm,  and  thus 
to  diminish  the  dimensions  of  the  cavity  of  the 
chesty  noticing  to  what  extent  respiration  was 


affected  by  this  action.  No  great  information 
can  of  course  be  derived  from  it. 
PRETENDED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 
PRETIB'IAL,  Prmtibia'lU,  from pra,  'before/ 
and  tibia,  'the  tibia.'  That  whioh  is  situate  be- 
fore the  tibia;  as  the  ilio-pretibial  and  ischio- 
pretibial  muscles. 

PREVENTIVE,  ROYAL,  from  pravenirt, 
(pre,  and  venire,)  'to  come  before.'  An  empi- 
rical preparation,  used  as  a  prophylactic  against 
the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of  acetate  of 
lead, — the  Liquor  Plnmbi  Subacetatis  dilutus. 

PREVERTEBRAL  APONEUROSIS.  The 
aponeurosis  which  covers  the  muscles  of  the  pre- 
vertebral region.  \ 

Prevertebral  Artbry.  A  ramus  of  the  me- 
ningeal branch,  and  sometimes  even  of  the  trunk* 
of  the  pharyngeal  artery,  whioh  is  distributed  to 
the  prevertebral  region. 

Prevertebral  Muscles,  see  Cervical  region, 
anterior  —  p.  Region,  Cervical  region,  anterior. 

PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood  which  forms  part  of  the 
ecamnum  Hippocraticum.  Paulus  of  JEgina  calls 
thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  a  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS,  Tenti'go,  T.  Penis,  Pri'apitm, 
Horn-colic  (vulg.),  Enta'sia  Priapis'mus,  Rhopa- 
lis'mus,  Saturi'asis,  Styma,  Stysis,  from  Tlpiairoe, 
Priapus,  'the  male  organ.'  Constant  and  dis- 
tressing erection,  without  any  voluptuous  idea  or 
desire  for  venery.  It  is  often  symptomatic ;  and 
sometimes  the  immediate  result  of  morbific  causes, 
—of  the  action  of  can thar ides,  for  example.  The 
application  of  cold  liquids  to  the  penis,  and  the 
internal  use  of  opium  and  camphor,  are  the  means 
usually  had  recourse  to  for  its  removal. 

PRIAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIA'PUS,  Mutun'nue.  In  ancient  mythology 
the  deity  who  presided  over  gardens  and  the  parti 
of  generation,  so  called  propter  defarmitatem  ei 
membri  virilia  magnitudinem. 

Priapus,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervua — p.  Cetl, 
Leviathian  penis. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  prick  en, 
(F.)  Picotement.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared  to 
that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  axedarach  —  p.  of 
India,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Tree,  Melia  axeda- 
rach. 

PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,  see  Asclepiadie. 

PRIEST'S  PINTLE,  Arum  macnlatum. 

PRIMA  CELLA  COLI,  Ciecum. 

PRULS  VLB.  The  first  passages.  The  sto- 
mach and  intestinal  canal:  —  the  lacteals  being 
the  secun'da  vi'a  or  second  passage*.  See  Ways, 
digestive. 

PRIMARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 

PRIMEVltRE,  Primula  veris. 

PRIMIP'AR A,  Primipartu' riens,  from  primus, 
'first,'  and  parere,  'to  bring  forth.'  A  nam* 
given  to  a  female  who  brings  forth  for  the  first 
time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 

PRIMI-STERNAL,  Primi-sterna'lis,  from  pri- 
mus, '  the  first,'  and  sternum,  '  the  sternum.'  M. 
Be'clard  has  called  os  primi-sternal  or  clavi-ster- 
nal,  the  bony  portion  of  the  sternum. 

PRIMIT"I<fi.  The  first  waters,  or  the  waters 
discharged  before  the  extrusion  of  the  foetus. 

PRIMITIVE  BAND,  see  Nerve  fibres— p. 
Streak,  Groove,  primitive. 

PRIMORDIAL  CELL,  see  Cell. 

PRIMORDIUM,  Arche. 

PRIMROSE,  EVENING,  (Enothera  biennU 
— p.  Tree,  (Enothera  biennis. 

PRIMULA  OFFICINALIS,  P.  veris— p.  V*. 
riabilis,  P.  veris. 


PRDaCBPS 


714 


PKOBASgAHTIUX 


Prtm'ula  Veto,  P.  ojicina'lis  sew  variabilis, 
from  prim'ulus,  'the  beginning-'  8°  called*  be- 
cause it  flowen  in  the  beginning  of  the  spring. 
Verbasfculumf  Paral'ysis,  Herha  paralys'eo*  seu 
paralytica,  the  Ooicslip,  Paigil  or  P eagle,  (P.) 
Primecere.  Family,  PrimulaeesB.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  flowen  hare  been  con- 
sidered to  be  mildly  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and 
anodyne. 

Primfla  Vuiaa'bje.  The  leaves  and  roots  of 
this  plant  have  been  used  as  sternutatories. 

PRIKCEPS,  Rectum. 

PursrCEPS  Ceryi'cis  {Artery),  Cervical  Artery. 
A  branch  of  the  occipital  artery,  which  descends 
between  the  splenitis  and  complexus  muscles,  and 
may  be  followed  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck. 

PnfVCBPS  Pol'licib  (Arteria),  Arte'ria  magna 
pol'licis.  When  the  two  collateral  arteries  of  the 
thumb  take  origin  from  a  common  trunk — the 
trunk  is  the  Princeps  pollicis. 

PRINCIPE  CRYSTALLIZABLE  DE  d£- 
ROSNE,  Xarcotine. 

PRINCIPES  IMMEDIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

PRIXCIPXUM,  Arche,  Element  —  p.  Acidifi- 
eans,  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — p.  Byr- 
sodepsicum,  Tannin — p.  Coriaceum,  Tannin — p. 
Hydrogen eticum,  Hydrogen  —  p.  Hydroticum, 
Hydrogen — p.  Oxygenans,  Oxygen — p.  Salivale, 
see  Saliva — p.  Scytodepsicum,  Tannin — p.  Uri- 
nosum,  Urea. 

PRIN'CIPLE,  COLOURING,  OP  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate  prin- 
ciple in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes  its  red 
colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  insipid.  When 
recently  separated  from  blood,  it  has  a  purple- 
red  colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes,  amongst 
other  products,  a  purple  oil.  It  is  insoluble  in 
water ;  but,  if  diluted  with  that  liquid,  acquires 
a  rinous-red  hue.  It  communicates  a  red  colour 
to  the  albumen  of  the  blood,  and  affords,  on  ana- 
lysis, iron,  to  which  the  colour  has  been  ascribed. 
Bee  HsBmaphssin,  and  Hsematin. 

Principle,  Digestive,  Pepsin — p.  Vital,  see 
Vital  principle. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMMEDIATE,  (P.)  Principe* 
immediate,  Mattriaux  immediate.  A  name  given 
to  a  considerable  number  of  substances,  composed 
of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which  are  obtained 
from  animals  and  vegetables  without  alteration, 
by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some  measure,  im- 
mediately. 

Principles,  Immediate,  op  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate principles,  Organic  Elements,  Compound* 
of  Organization.  These  are  divided  into  acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles  which 
are  neither  fat  nor  acid.  The  first  include  the 
uric,  rosacic,  purpuric,  allantoic,  caseic,  butyric, 
Ac.  The  fatty  principles  are: — stearin,  elain, 
eholesterin,  Ac ;  and  the  last  division  includes 
the  most  important  compounds  of  organisation : 
— fibrin,  gelatin,  albumen,  casein,  osmazome,  Ac. 

Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 

PRINOS,  P.  verticilla'tus,  Alcan'na  major  lati- 
fo'lia  denta'ta,  Aquifo'lium  fo'liis  decid'nis,  Pri- 
nce Qrono'vii,  Prince  padifolius.  Black  Alder, 
Virginia  Winterberry,  Whorled  Winter  berry, 
Fcverbitsh,  (P.)  Apalachine  &  feuilles  de  Prunier. 
Ord.  AquifoliacesB.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Mono- 
gynia. The  bark  of  this  common  shrub  of  the 
United  States  is  astringent,  bitter,  and  pungent 
The  berries  are,  likewise,  bitter.  The  bark  has 
been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cinchona,  in  in- 
tAimiuents,  and  as  a  tonic 

Prdtos  Gbohovh,  Prinos. 


Prtnos  LmvioA'Trs,  SmoeA  Witerhenj.  Is- 
digenous ;  has  the  same  properties  ss 

Prinos  Padifolius,  Prinos. 

PRION,  Saw. 

PRIONO'DES,  from  **«•».  'asaw,' satuk, 
'shape.'  Serra'ted.  Applied  to  the  satara  « 
the  head. 

PRIOR  ANNULARIS,  lutens'sen  porta 
of  Winslow.  An  internal  interoaeoof  mude, 
which  arises  from  the  outside  of  the  netaorpi 
bone  of  the  ring-finger,  and  is  inserted  int*  the 
outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  nag- 
finger.  Its  wee  is  to  draw  the  ring-sager  «t- 
wards. 

PRIOR  IN'DICIS,  Extern1  tor  ter'tii  isfW- 
dii  in'dieU,  (P.)  Some-mitaearpo-latlri-fLnks- 
gien.  It  arises  from  the  outer  or  radial  fide*** 
the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- finger,  andis  nv- 
serted  into  the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  tbe  bad 
of  the  fore-finger.  Action  : — to  draw  the  fag* 
outwards,  towards  the  thumb. 

Prior  Indicis  Pedis,  Adductor  h'iirit  H* 
An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  fort. 
which  arises  from  the  contiguous  ride*  of  & 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes,  isl 
is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  int 
bone  of  the  fore- toe.  Action : — to  pull  the  fiw- 
toe  inwards. 

Prior  Me  on,  Prior  medii  dighi. 

Prior  Me'dii  Dig"iti,  Prior  IWr'f,  Sttod 
interosseous  of  Douglas.  An  external,  inter*- 
seous  muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arUei  fron  tat 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  tones  of 
the  fore  and  middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted  it* 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  bark  of  tat 
middle  finger.  Action:  —  to  draw  the  nuoMb 
finger  outwards. 

Prior  Medii  Dram  Pedis,  Addeetor  **<!"& 
giti  pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  mo*el«  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the  ■*■ 
tatarsal  bone  of  the  middle  toe,  and  i*  iaserW 
into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  m 
middle  toe.  Use  .—to  pull  the  middle  toe  invii*. 
or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot  m 

Prior  Mih'imi  Dram,  Adductor  »«''■»  <ty- 
iti.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot. 
which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the  metal*- 
sal  bone  of  the  little  toe,  and  is  inserted ioiod* 
inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  B» 
toe.     Action  :  — -  to  pull  the  little  toe  inwards. 

Prior  Teeth  Drain  Pedis,  Adductor  **» 
dig"iti  pedis.  An  internal,  interosseow  »■** 
of  the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner aad| o< 
der  part  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  third* 
the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inn'** 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  saw 
toes.  Action:  —  to  pull  the  third  of  th«  ** 
toes  inwards. 

PRISIS,  Brygmns,  Trepanning. 

PRISMA,  Scobs. 

PRISMUS,  Brvgmus,  Trepanning. 

PRIVATE  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVET,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVY,  Ligustrum  vulgare— p.  Members,  Ge- 
nital organs  —  p.  Parts,  Genital  organt.   _, 

PRO,  wpo,  'before.'  A  common  prefix ts«* 
as  in  ProeatarcHc,  Prostate,  Ac. 

PROAGOREUSIS,  Prognosis.  _ 

PROBANG,  Detruso'rium  eat  bale'**-  *»* 
slender  rod  of  whalebone/ with  a  piece  of  *F*P 
at  its  extremity,  intended  to  push  down *in"£ 
ous  bodies,  arrested  in  the  oesophagi!*,  «* >■* 
stomach.  A  simil  ar  instrument  is  called  by  I  *» 
Petit,  Repoussoir  (forties. 

PROBARBIUM,  Geneias. 

PROBASCANIUM,  Amuletnm. 

PBOBASCANTIUM,  Amuletum. 


PROBE 


715 


PROCTORRHAGIA 


PROBE,  Catheterize,  Specfllum — p.  Eyed,  see 
Specillum. 

PROBING,  see  Melosla. 

PROBOLE,  Processus. 

PROCARDIUM,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

PROCfiDfi,  Process. 

PROCEDURE,  ProcSdS. 

PROCEPHALI,  Capitones. 

PROCERUS  NASI,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

PROOFS  CILIA  IRES,  Ciliary  processes. 

PROCESS,  Apophysis,  Processus. 

Proc"rss,  Ratio,  (F.)  Procidi,  from  procedere, 
to  march  forwards.  Procedure, — method  of  per- 
forming any  operation,  chemical,  pharmaceutical, 
or  surgical. 

Process,  Cuneiform,  Basilary  process  —  p. 
Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process — p.  of  Rau, 
see  Malleus  —  p.  Vertical  superior  longitudinal, 
Falx  cerebri. 

PROCES'SUS.  A  process;  same  etymon; 
Projectu'ra,  Prob'oll.  An  apophysis  or  eminence 
of  a  bone;  see  Apophysis.  Also,  any  part  which 
seems  prolonged  beyond  others  with  which  it  is 
in  connexion ;  as  the  Ciliary  processes. 

Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon  —  p.  Annu- 
laris, Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Belenoides,  see  Belenoid 
— p.  Caudatus,  Lobulus  caudatus — p.  a  Cerebello 
ad  medullam  oblongatam,  Corpora  restiformia  — 
p.  Cerebelli  ad  pontem,  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum— p.  Cerebelli  ad  testes,  Peduncles  of  the 
cerebellum — p.  Cerebri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonia 

—  p.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes — p.  Clavatus,  see 
Funiculi  graciles  —  p.  Cochleariformis,  see  Tym- 
panum— p.  Cuneiformis  ossis  occipitis,  Basilary 
process  —  p.  Enteroidei  cerebri,  Convolutions 
(cerebral)  —  p.  Falciform  is  cerebelli,  Falx  cere- 
belli— p.  Falciformis  dur»  matris,  Falx  cerebri — 
p.  Gracilis  of  Rau,  see  Malleus  —  p.  Laterales 
uteri,  Tub®  Fallopian® — p.  Mamillares,  Papilla) 
of  the  kidney,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Mamillares 
cerebri,  Mamillary  tubercles — p.  Qlivaris,  Olivary 
Process — p.  Orbicularis  cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain  —  p.  Papillares,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p. 
Papillarum,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Rachidianus, 
Medulla  spinalis — p.  Sterni  xiphoideus,  Xiphoid. 

Proces'sus  Trr'btes,  Eminen'tia  seu  Fascic'- 
uli  ter'etes.  Two  slightly  convex  bodies  forming 
the  anterior  wall  or  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  They  are  separated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  which  is  continuous,  inferiorly,  with 
the  sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior  of  the  spinal 
cord.  They  are  crossed  transversely  by  several 
white  and  gray  fasciculi — linea  transversa,  stria 
medulla' res — the  origin  of  the  auditory  nerves. 

Processus  ad  Testes,  see  Valvula  Vieussenii 

—  p.  Transversus  dura  matris,  Tentorium  —  p. 
Uvifer,  Uvula  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum  —  p. 
Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage — p.  Xipho-sternalis, 
Xiphoid  cartilage  —  p.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic 
process. 

PROCHEILA,  Antelabia. 

PROCHEILIDION,  Procheilon. 

PROCHEI'LON,  Procheilid'ion,  Prola'bium, 
Antila'bium.  The  extreme  projecting  part  or 
margin  of  the  lips. 

PROCHEUMA,  Parenchyma. 

PROCIDENCEDE  L'(EIL,  Exophthalmia, 

PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus  — p.  Ani,  Procto- 
cele— p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctocele — p.  Iridis,  Sta- 
phyloma of  the  Iris  —  p.  Oculi,  Exophthalmia — 
p.  Sedis,  Proctocele — p.  Uteri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCNEME,  Tibia. 

PROCNEMIUM,  Tibia. 

PROCCE'LIUS,  Procce'lns,  from  vpo,  'before,' 
and  KotXta,  '  belly.'  One  who  has  a  large  pendu- 
lous abdomen. 

PROCOBLUS,  Procceliua, 


PR0C0NT)YLU8,  *poKoviv\os,  from  »rpo,  'be- 
fore,' and  kov&vXos,  'a  knot'  The  first  joint  of 
the  fingers;  the  second  being  called  xovfoA*;  and 
the  third  ptraicov&vXos. 

PROCREATIO,  Generation  —  p.  Sanguinis, 
Hsematosis. 

PROCREATION,  Fecundation,  Generation. 

PROC'TAGRA,  from  *p»*rof,  'anus,'  and  aypa, 
'  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  rectum.     Proctalgia. 

PROCTAL'GIA,  Proe'tica  simplex,  Proc'ta- 
gra,  Dolor  ani,  Proctodynia,  from  xpvxTot,  i  the 
anus,'  and  aXyos,  *  pain.'  Pain  in  the  anus  :  ge- 
nerally symptomatio  of  disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids, 
scirrhu8,  Ac. 

Proctalgia,  Clunesia  —  p.  Hseraorrhoidalis, 
Heemorrhois  —  p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis  —  p. 
Intertriginosa,  Chafing  —  p.  Rheumatica,  Proe- 
torrheuma. 

PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imper/ora'tio  ani,  from 
vpwKTos,  *  the  anus,'  and  arpncia,  *  imperfo ration.' 
Imperforate  state  of  the  anus. 

PROC'TICA.  Pain  or  derangement  about  the 
anus,  without  primary  inflammation.  A  genus  in 
the  class  Cceliaca,  order  Enterica,  of  Good. 

Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele  —  p.  Marisca, 
Hffimorrhois — p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 

PROCTISIS,  Proctitis. 

PROCTFTIS,  Proc'tisis,  Archi'tis,  Clune'sia, 
Cysso'tis,  from  rpurrof,  '  the  anus.'  Inflammation 
of  the  anus  and  rectum.     Rectitis. 

Proctitis  Gangrenosa,  Proctocace. 

PROCTOC'ACE,  Proctitis  gangrmno'sa,  from 
irpwKTos,  *  the  anus,'  and  xaxos,  '  evil.'  A  disease 
of  the  rectum,  so  called  by  Fuchs,  which,  accord- 
ing to  him,  is  common  in  Peru,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Quito  and  Lima,  on  the  Honduras  and 
Mosquito  coasts,  in  Brazil,  and  on  the  Gold  coast, 
Ac.  It  is  called  by  the  Portuguese,  Bicho,  and 
Bicho  di  Culo;  by  the  people  of  Quito,  Mai  dei 
Valle,  from  its  prevalence  in  the  valleys  ;  and  ic 
Africa,  Bitios  de  Kis.  It  is  an  adynamic,  inflam- 
matory condition,  frequently  ending  in  gangrene. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  bad  food,  and  the  US', 
of  spices. 

PROCTOCELE,  from  npuKros,  'the  anus,'  and 
«?Aj7,  'hernia.'  Prolap'sus  Ani,  Proctoptoma^ 
Proctopto'sis,  Procto'sis,  Hedroce'll,  Archeopto'.  . 
ma,  Archecpto'ma,  Archopto'ma,  Archeoce'lS,  Ar- 
chopto'sis,  Exa'niat  Hamor'rhois  procefdens,  Ha* 
mor'rhois  ah  exa'nid,  Procidentia  Ani,  P.  intesm 
ti'ni  recti,  P.  sedis,  Ecto'pia  Ani,  Sedes  procid'ua, 
Falling  down  of  the  Fundament,  Coming  down  of 
the  Body,  (F.)  Chute  du  rectum,  C.  du  Fondement, 
Renversement  directum.  Inversion  and  prolapse 
of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from  relaxation 
of  the  sphincter  with  more  or  less  swelling.  In 
the  treatment,  the  application  of  cold  water  and 
astringent  lotions  mutt  be  recommended:  and 
if  other  means  fail,  one  of  the  radii  of  skin,  which 
converge  at  the  anus,  may  be  snipped  off.  On 
cicatrizing,  the  verge  of  the  anus  will  be  con- 
tracted,  and  the  cure  probably  complete.  In  the 
way  of  palliation,  the  parts  may  be  retained  by 
an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

PROCTODYNIA,  Proctalgia. 

PROCTON'CUS,  from  rpuxros,  'anus,'  and 
oyxot,  '  swelling.'    Swelling  of  the  anus. 

PROCTOPARAL'YSIS,  Proctoplegia,  Parol'- 
ysis  Intcsti'ni  Recti.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOPLEGIA,  Proctoparalysis. 

PROCTOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTORRHAGIA,  Hemorrhoidal  flux. 


PEOCTORRHJBUMA 


71« 


PROLAP&US 


PROCTORRHEU'MA,  from  wpumc,  'anus/ 
And  ptv/ta,  *  de fluxion/    Rheumatism  of  the  anus. 
PROCTORRHEA,  from  *f*ktqs,  'the  anus/ 
and  petit,  '  I  flow.'    A  discharge  of  blood  or  slime 
from  the  anus.    See  Hemorrhoid 
PROCTOS,  Anus. 
PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 
PROCTOSPASMUS,  Tenesmus. 
PROCTOSTENOSIS    ORGANICA,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from  jrpwero*,  'anus/ 
and  ropvtiv,  '  to  perforate.'  Perforation  of  a  closed 
anus. 

PROCTUS,  Anus. 

PROCURATIO  ABORTCS.  The  promotion 
of  abortion. 

PROD'ROMUS,  from  wpo,  'before,'  and  ipofiot, 
1  course/  Sta'dium  opportunity  tit  sen  prodrome* - 
rum;  in  contagious  diseases,  Sta'dium  Utten'tie 
conta'gii.  The  period  immediately  preceding  an 
attack  of  disease ;  in  which  the  precursory  signs 
oocur. 

PROD'UCT,  from  produco, '  I  produce.'  (P.) 
Produit.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by 
any  pharmaceutical  operation. 

PRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvulae  a  pituita, 
Staphyledema. 

PRODUCTION,  Produc'tiof    same  etymon. 
This  word  is  used,  especially  by  the  French, 
synonymously  with  prolongation.    The  mesentery 
is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peritoneum. 
PRODUCTION  ACCIDENTELLE.    An  ac- 
cidental or  adventitious  structure. 
PRODUCTIVITAS,  Fecundity. 
PRODUIT,  Product. 

PROEGUMENiE  CAUSiE,  Causes,  predispo- 
nent 

PRCELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet 
PROEM'INENT,  ProHm'inens,  from  pro,  'for- 
wards,' and  eminere,  'to  project'  Some  anato- 
mists call  the  7th  cervical  vertebra  the  preeminent 
vertebra,  on  account  of  the  length  of  its  spinous 
process,  which  passes  the  level  of  that  of  the 
neighbouring  vertebra. 

PRCEO'TIA,  ProVotes,  irpuionrc,  or  vpoiorns, 
from  npm,  '  early/  '  Precocity/  Pracox  matu'- 
ritaa,  Preco'cious  matu'rity.  Premature  develop- 
ment of  sexual  organization  or  power.  —  Good. 

PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysente- 
"  ricum. 

PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge,  Fluxus,  Polyr- 
rhce'a,  Flux;  from  profiuo,  'I  run  down.  A  term 
under  which  some  nosologists  have  comprised  all 
morbid  discharges  or  fluxes: — others,  increased 
excretions  attended  by  fever. 

Profldvium  Alvt,  Diarrhoea-a-p.  Genitale  mu- 
liebre,  Menses — p.  Mucosum  uretbrae,  Gonorrhoea 
—  p.  Muliebre,  Leucorrhoea,  Menses — p.  Sangu- 
inis, Hsemorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  e  Renibus,  Ne- 
phrorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia 
— p.  Sanguinis  ex  Utero,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Se- 
minis,  Pollution — p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 

PROFUN'DUS,  (pro,  and  /undue,  'base.') 
Alius,  'having  a  deep  base.'  A  name  given  to 
different  parts,  which  are  seated  profoundly  as 
regards  others. 

Profunda  Artk'ria  Fem'oris,  .4.  traefa  posts' • 
rior  sen  muscula'rie  fem'orie,  Arttre-grande  mus- 
culo ire  de  la  cuisse.  (Ch.)  This  large  branch 
arises  commonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crural,  between  the  pubis  and  lesser  trochanter. 
It  descends  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors ; 
passes  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
cpening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral ;  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  biceps. 
The  muscularis  profunda  gives  off,  1.  The  external 
circumflex;  2.  The  internal  circumflex:  and,  3. 
The  three  perforantes. 


Profunda  Artk'ria  Hc'mri,  P.  wpeVwr, 
Arte'ria  spira'lis,  (F.)  ArUre  kumtrak  profonit, 
A.  collaterals  externe,  Grand  mueMn  d%  bra, 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  is  variable.  When  it  arises  froa 
the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  off  opposite  the 
groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the  nM 
nerve,  and  descends  backwards  between  the  three 
portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied  by  the  nene; 
giving  branches  to  that  muscle  and  to  the  hume- 
rus. When  it  reaches  the  posterior  part  of  the 
bone,  it  divides  into  two  branches,  which  are  dk- 
tributed  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus,  tc 

Profunda  Arteria  Inferior  vel  Motor  a 
often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  a 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middled 
the  arm.  It  gives  off  branches  to  the  mwcltf. 
Ac,  about  the  inner  side  of  the  os  homed  a 
is,  also,  called  large  communicating  ulnar  or  p- 
fundo-ulnar. 

Profunda  Arteria  Penis.  Cbansiei  btt 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'emous  ar'fery,™ 
arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished  ty 
the  internal  pudic. 

Profunda  Arteria  Superior,  Profcndi  lu- 


men. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  bj  the  Bwa 
profound  or  deep-tea  ted,  and  superficial  JM 
we  speak  of  the  superficial  and  deep-mttdm- 
cles  of  the  neck,  Ac;  the  Flexor  pro/*#l«  !* 
for  ana,  Ac. 

PROFUSIO,  HsDmorrbagia. 

Profusio  Aqujs.  The  discharge  or  bK*Mf 
of  the  waters  at  birth.  . 

Profusio  Sanguinis,  HaBnorrbigi*-** 
minis,  l^jaculation  —  p.  Subcotanee,  •  Parpsa 
simplex. 

PROGAS'TOR,  from  *(»,  'before,'  and  pit* 
'  belly.'    One  who  has  a  pendulous  beDy. 

PROGENIES,  Epigone. 

PROGENY,  Epigone. 

PROGLOS'SIS,  from  woe,  'before,*  and  y>«* 
'the  tongue,-'  Apex  lingua.  The  extrem*? ■ 
tip  of  the  tongue.  t    . 

PROG'NATHOUS,  from  **•,  'before,  * 
yva6os,  '  the  jaw.'    Having  a  projecting  pa* 
term  applied  to  the  form  of  the  head  m«-- 
there  is  a  prolongation  or  forward  extend 
the  jaws,  as  in  the  negro.  . 

PROGNOSIS,  ProSgoren'sii,  J**** 
Pracognifio,  Prognos'tice,  Pr***'**  ^*T 
tia'tio,  PrmecieWHa,  Praecifio,  P™**>. f  Tc 
aaie,  Pradic'tio,  (F.)  Prognostic,  *"*?£, 
rpo,  'before,'  and  ywwts,  'knowledge,  aj  • 
ment  formed  by  the  physician  regarding  » 
tare  progress  and  termination  of  any  ***     t 

Prognosis,  General.     The  opnuon  » 
of  a  disease  in  the  abstract    Thus,  we  «i;  y 
General   prognosis    of    Cynanehe  **•"""_ 
favourable;  — of  Phthisis  pulmonale  «*•* 
able,  Ac  ...  /.-^i 

Prognosis,  Particular.    The  opinion^ 
of  any  particular  case  of  disease.    The  **  ^ 
prognosis  of  one  case  of  typhus,  for  exaap  • 
be  fovourable,  whilst  that  of  another  m«J  w 
favourable 

Prognosis  ex  Lingua",  Glossomanu*. 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROGNOSTICE,  Prognosis. 

PROGRESSIO,  Augmentation. 

PROGRESSU8,  Augmentation. 

PROIOTES,  Praeotia. 

PROJECTURA,  Process. 

PROLABIUM,  Proeheilon,  .„ 

PROLAP'SUS,  from  pnhbor,  F*r**KL 
and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  did©,')  'I  slip  down. 
ciden'tia,    Delap'sio,    Delap'**h  JW^jJZ, 
Propto'ma,  Propto'ei;  Produc'tiihPnf^^ 


Prominen'tia,  Ptosis,  Casus,  (P.)  Chute;  a  pro- 
trusion ;  a  falling  down.  A  genus  of  diseases  in 
the  class  Locale*  and  order  Ectopia  of  Cullen, 
distinguished  by  the  falling  down  of  a  part 
through  the  orifice  with  which  it  is  naturally 
connected. 

Prolapsus  An,  Proctocele  —  p.  Bulbi  oouli, 
Ezophthalmia  —  p.  Cornea,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea. — p.  India,  Ptosis  iridis — p.  Linguae,  Glos- 
socelc,  Paraglossa  —  p.  (Esophagi,  Pharyngocele 
—  p.  Palpebra,  Blepbaroptosis  —  p.  Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele — p.  Umbilici,  Exomphalus. 

Prolapsus  U'teri,  Exome'tra,  Metropto'sis, 
Metropropto'sis,  Orthysteropto'sis,  Orthysteropto'- 
ma,  Falling  down  of  the  womb,  jEdopto'sis  u'teri, 
Hysteropto'sis,  Hysterocc'U  nuda,  Procidentia 
u'teri,  (F.)  Abaissement  de  la  matrice,  Chute  de 
la  matrice,  Descente  de  la  matrice,  Pricipitation 
de  la  matrice.  Some  use  the  term, '  Procidentia 
'  Uteri'  for  a  minor  degree  of  the  affection  than 

prolapsus ; — Relaxatio  uteri  expressing  the  slight- 
est state  of  all.  A  falling  down  of  the  uterus, 
owing  to  relaxation  of  the  parts  about  the  utero- 
vaginal region.  In  the  treatment,  the  horizontal 
posture  must  be  insisted  upon j  the  injection  of 
astringent  substances  per  vaginam  be  advised; 
and  if  the  affection  be  not  remedied  by  these 
1  means,  a  pessary  may  be  employed  as  a  pallia- 

tive, or  the  operation  of  Episioraphy  be  per- 
i  formed. 

Prolapsus  Uvuljb,  Staphyledema. 
Prolapsus  Vagi'n,*:,  Hysteropto'sis  VagVna, 
Prolapsus  JSdoptosis   Vagina,   Coleopto'sis,  CoU 
f         popto'eie,  Ely tropto' ei9 — Protrusion  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.     This,  like  the 
<         descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation,  proci- 
;         dentia,  prolapsus,  or  complete  inversion. 
Prolapsus  Vesicae,  Exocyete. 
*PROLECTA'TIO;  from  pro,  and  legere,  lec- 
'         turn,  *  to  gather.'    Action  of  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROLEP'TICS,  Prohp'tici,  from  irpo,  'before,' 
and  \ap0ava,  '  I  seize  hold  of.'    A  term  proposed 
f        by  Dr.  Lay  cock  to  signify  the  art  and  science  of 
)        predicting  in  medicine. 

PROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 
,  PROLES,  Epigone. 

PROLICIDE,  Prolicid'ittm  ;  from  proles,  '  off- 
spring,' and  credere,  'to  kill.'    Destruction  of 
rf        offspring:    a  term,  which  includes  foeticide  as 
well  as  infanticide. 

PROLIFIC,  Prolif'icus;  from  prole*,  'off- 
spring,' and  /ado,  'I  make.'  That  which  has 
the  faculty  of  engendering.  Applied  to  man,  and 
animals,  and  to  their  sperm  or  seed ;  as  well  as 
to  remedies,  which,  by  strengthening  the  genital 
1         organs,  increase  the  Becretion  of  sperm. 

PROLIG"EROUS,  Pro'liger,  Prolig"erus, 

from  proles,  '  offspring/  and  gero, '  I  carry.'  That 

which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proligeroub  Disc  or  Layer,  Discus  prolig"- 

'  erua,  Discus  vitelline,  Stratum  prolig"erum,  Go- 

'*        nostro'ma,    (F.)  Disaue  proligere.    A   granular 

layer,  situate  generally  towards  the  most  promi- 

'         nent  part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in  the  centre  of 

?         which  the  true  ovum  or  ovule  exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLONOEMENT  RACHWIEN,  Medulla 

>'       spinalis — p.  Sous-occipital,  Basilary  process. 

PROMALACTE'RIUM,  from    irpo,    'before,' 

and  paXaaem,  '  I  soften.'    The  room,  in  the  an- 

^         oient  gymnasium,  in  which  the  body  was  softened 

*        and  anointed.    One  of  the  operations  in  bathing. 

>  PROMANUS,  boo  Digitus,  Pollex. 

PROMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 
PROMETO'PIS,    Prometopid'ion,    from  vpo, 
'before,'  and  uensirov,  'the  forehead.'    The  skin 
of  the  forehead. 


PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance  — 
p.  Annularis*  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Corneas, 
Oeratocele  —  p.  Oasis  Continua,  Apophysis. 

PROMINENTLY  ALBICANTES,  Mammil- 
lary  tubercles — p.  Semiovales  Medullas  Oblonga- 
ta, Corpora  olivaria. 

PROMONTORIUM,  Promontory  —  p.  Faciei, 
Nasus. —  p.  Ossis  Sacri,  see  Sacrum. 

PROM'ONTORY,  Promonto'riumt(  from  pro  and 
moms,  mantis, '  a  mountain,')  sen  Tuber  sen  Tube- 
rositas Tym'pani.  A  small  projection  at  the  in* 
ner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  external  scala  of  the  cochlea, 
and  especially  to  the  outer  side  of  the  vestibule. 

Promontory  of  the  Sacruv,  see  Sacrum. 

PRONATEVR  CARRJ!,  Pronator  radii  qua- 
drates—p.  Grand  on  rond,  Pronator  radii  teres — 
p.  Petit,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PRONA'TION,  Prona'tio,  from  pronus,  '  in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna,  and 
thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of  rotation 
from  without  inwards. 

PRONA'TOR.  That  which  produoes  the  mo- 
tion of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obliquub,  P.  radii  teres — p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Ra'dii  Quadra'tus,  P.  quadratus, 
Quadratus  ra'dii,  P.  quadratus  sen  transvers'us 
(Winslow),  Pronator  radii  brevie  seu  quadratus 
(Cowper,)  (F.)  Cubito-radial  (Ch.),  Petit  ou  carrS 
pronateur.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  profound  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  is  flat  and  square,  and  is  attached,  within,  to 
the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
ulna;  and,  without,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  radius.  It  produces  the 
motion  of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radii  Teres,  P.  teres  sive  obli'quus 
(Winslow),  (F.)  Jlpitrochlo-radial  (Ch.),  Grand 
ou  rond  pronateur.  A  muscle  seated  at  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  long,  flat, 
and  larger  above  than  below.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  and 
to  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  From  thence 
it  passes  obliquely  downwards  and  outwards,  and 
terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  outer  Burface  of 
the  radius.  It  causes  the  radius  to  turn  on  the 
ulna,  to  produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  forearm  on  the  arm,  and  con- 
versely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PRONAUS,  Vestibulum. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PRONCEA,  Prognosis. 

PRONOSTW,  Prognosis. 

PROPENDENTIA,  Prolapsus. 

PROPERTIES,  PHYSICAL,  OF  THE  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flexibility,  extensibility  and 
elasticity,  raeornissement  and  imbibition. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend  upon 
organization,  as  contractu' ity. 

PROPHASIS,  Prognosis. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylac'ticus,  Diaphy- 
lac'tic,  Diasos'tic,  Synteretficus,  Praservato'riue, 
from  irpo,  and  fvXaaeu,  '  I  defend.'  A  preserv- 
ative. 

PROPHYLAXIS,  Prophylaci,  Prophylactics, 
Syntere'sis.  Same  etymon.  Praserva'tio,  Pra- 
cau'tio,  Pracusto'dia.  Preservative  or  preventive 
treatment. 

PROP'OLIS,  from  roe,  'before,'  and  *©XtH 
'cityj'  literally,  'that  which  is  before  the  city/ 
Cerantke'mus,  Commo'sis,  Bee-bread.  A  red,  re- 
sinous matter,  with  which  the  bees  cover  the  boi- 


PROPOMA 


718 


PROSTRATION 


torn  of  the  hive.    Its  fume  has  been  esteemed 

antiasthmatic.  m 

PROP'OMA,  from  rpo,  'before/  and  *»ji«,  'a 
drink.'  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  composed 
of  seven  parts  of  honey  and  four  of  wine.  It  was 
drunk  before  a  meal. — Paulns  of  JSgtna. 

PROPORTIO,  Symmetry. 

PROPOSITUM,  Intention. 

PROPOTIS'MOS.  Same  etymon.  Pretpo'tio. 
An  ancient  name  for  medicines  which  were  given 
to  the  patients  before  purging  them,  and,  in  some 
sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIS  EXTERNA,  Retrahens 
amis. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Propto'ma  Auricula'rux,  Parasitic?  sis  audi'- 
tus  Jlacca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. —  Good. 

Proptoma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus— p.  Palpebral  Ble- 
pharo ptosis — p.  Uvula,  Staphyledema. 

PROPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

PRORA,  Occiput. 

PRORRIIESIS,  Prognosis. 

PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS,  Hmmorrhagia. 

PROS,  npog.  In  composition,  this  prefix  gene- 
rally signifies  'in  addition  to/  'over  and  above/ 
'  besides ' 

PROSARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLE,  Impression. 

PR0SCHY8IS,  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutination. 

PROSECTEUR,  Dissector. 

PROSECTIO,  Anatomy. 

PROSECTOR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS,  Prehension. 

PROSODOS,  Aditus. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPANTRI'TIS,  from  prosopantra,  the 
frontal  sinuses,  and  ttjs,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPARALYSIS,  Palsy,  Boll's. 

PROSO'PIS  DULCIS.  A  tree  of  rather  large 
size,  native  of  Peru.  The  fruit  —  Pacay —  is 
a  pod,  from  20  to  24  inches  long,  contain- 
ing black  seeds  imbedded  in  a  white,  soft,  flaky 
substance ;  which  last  is  eaten  by  the  LimefioB 
with  pleasure. — Tschudi. 

PROSOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  irpo<n*irov, 
'  the  face/  cvt, '  with  difficulty/  and  jiop^ij, '  shape.' 
Malformation  or  atrophy  of  the  face, —  as  where 
the  process  of  nutrition  suffors  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPON,  Face. 

PROSOPORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus faciei, 
from  vpoawvov,  'face/  and  pivpa,  'defluxion/ 
'  rheumatism/    Rheumatism  affecting  the  face. 

PROSOPOSIS,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOSPASMS,  Canine  Laugh. 

PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,seoCephalosomar 
todymia, 

PROSPERITAS  VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas. 

PROSPHORA,  Prehension. 

PROS'PHYSIS,  Adnascen'tia,  CoalW'io,  'ad- 
hesion, adherence,  connexion/  from  ttpos,  and 
fvw,  'I  grow/  In  a  more  limited  sense,  thiB 
word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids, 
cither  between  themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of 
the  eye ;  Ankyloblepharon. 

PROS'TASIS,  vpotrraais,  (wso,  and  crams,  'sta- 
tion/) 'superiority,  preponderance/  same  ety- 
mon at  Prostate.  A  predominance  or  abundance 
of  excrementhioa*  humour. — Hippoor. 


PROSTATA,  Prostate— p.  BarthoUni,  Ct?. 
per's  glands  in  the  female— p.  Muliebrii,  Gri- 
per'a  glands  in  the  female. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate. 

PROSTATAL,  Prostatic. 

PROSTATALGIA,  from  ntsem, '  the  p* 
tate/  and  «\ytt  '  pain/    Pain  in  the  prosttte. 

PROSTATAUXE,  Prostatoparecta?L«. 

PROSTATE,  voeerara,  from  rpo,  'before.'  «d* 
mpi,  'I  stand/— Prostata, P. ?WM A*- '* 
P.  glandulo'sa,  Paras' taia  adentfdtt  mb  y ,«. 
lo'sa,  Adstans,  Paras' tate,  P. gland?*!*  fr  tu- 
fa adenoi'des,  Testis  minor,  Corps*  gl<">i-  "'<■ 
sen  glando'sum,  C.  adeniformi,  C.  ghwi j"#< 
C.  glandulo'smn,  C.  adenoi'des,  Asristo't"  ;*■ 
dufa,  Ads'tites  glandulosi;  the  Pnststt  j J#i 
A  glandular,  oordiform  body,  of  the  iiw  ;l » 
chestnut,  situate  before  the  neck  of  the  I'.iiJ •'< 
behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  nirroaci^"^ 
first  portion  of  the  urethra.  Its  eicrefon  re- 
lets, to  the  number  of  10  or  12,  open  into  ii«  ?- 
of  the  urethra  that  traverses  it,  andpocr^: •  ; 
a  whitish  viscid  humour,  intended  tolnbr/*'*'-' 
interior  of  the  urethra,  and  tosemasn &* 
for  the  sperm  in  its  ejaculation. 

PROSTATELCO'SIS,  from  tpmtn,  r 
tate/  and  'thess,  'an  ulcer/  Ulceratioc  J  * 
prostate.  . 

PROSTATES  INFERTEURES,  W 
glands— p.  Petites,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTATIC,  Prostatic*,  PwW.  rfc 
which  relates  to  the  prostate.  Wins! .i rt*j 
named — Superior  Prostatic  ifwe/tf — j~  -  '-' 
which  pass  from  the  pubis  to  the  !«***•  Fr" 
the  prostate.  He,  also,  calls— /«/«™r./\  \\ 
muscles— the  fleshy  fibres,  which,  from  tw  •»  ^ 
parts  of  the  urethra,  near  its  membra^  f 
tion,  pass  to  be  inserted  into  the  pnbis.     • 

Prostatic    Bisrc'tor.    An  instrcn^  < 
ployed  by  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York.it  -^ 
lateral  operation  of  lithotomy.    In  for21  ' : " 
bles  a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  ei:^ 
with  cutting  edges  at  the  sides  paraui 
longest  axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle,    ^ 

Prostatic  Liquor,  Liquor  proHat ,nl  V 
fluid  secreted  by  the  prostate,  which  bu*  * 
sperm  during  emission.  «. 

Prostatic  Portioh  of  the  U«ff  .V 
part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  indsW  f;  ■ 
prostate :  it  is  about  15  lines  long. 

Prostatic  Sinus,  see  Sinus,  prostata    ^ 

PROSTATICUS  SUPERIORS 
prostata?.  „    .  ..* 

PROSTATITIS,  Infiamma'tioW  .^ 
xpocrara,  '  the  prostate/  and  iftV,  &**f*>  ~ 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  prostate 

PROSTATOCELE,  Prostatoncu?.^ 

PROSTATON'CUS,  Prostate*' It  J'*'^ 
tatct,  from  vpoarara,  'the  prostate,  Wr> 
tumour/    Swelling  of  the  prostate.         ^ 

PROSTATOPAREC'TASIS,  frvo  ;   .. 
'prostate/   and   raptsruvur,  'to  «xKJ.'.  .. 
largement  of  the  prostate ;  also,  tad;* ' 
same,  Prostatmcir'rhus,  Prostata***- 

PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  s«  h*3 
tasis.  ,.(.-: 

PROSTERNID'IUM,  from  r^  \ 
rrtpvov,  'the  sternum/    Any  agent  aft-  ^ 
an  terior  part  of  the  chest ;  a  plaster  W  >-• 

PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis, 

PROSTHETA,  Subdita, 

PROSTHIUM,  Penis.  ,  „.<■ ! 

PROSTOM'IA,   Commissu'ra  j*[rf9y 
*ao,  '  before/  and  irro^a, '  mouth.    iD 
sure  of  the  lips.  ,  •-  ,T 

PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra't*  fi^. 
Prostration  des  forces,  Abatte**** 


pression  of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 

PRO'TEA  MELIFE'RA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Proteacese,  whose  involucra 
and  flowers,  at  the  time  of  inflorescence,  are 
filled  with  a  sweet  watery  liquid,  which  contains 
a  great  deal  of  honey.  By  inspissation  it  forms  a 
delicious  syrup — Syru'pus  Pro'tea,  which  is  much 
used  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Pbotea  Lepidocarpon,  and  some  other  Pro- 
tege, supply  the  same  kind  of  juice. 

PRO'TEAN,  Pro'teiform,  Proteiform'is,  from 
Proteus,  who  could  assume  various  shapes.  As- 
suming different  shapes. 

PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean. 

Proteiform'is  Morbus.  A  disease  which  as- 
sumes various  characters. 

PRO'TEIN,  Proteine,  Protei'na :  from  irpwww, 
'  I  take  first  rank/  A  product  of  the  decomposi- 
tion of  albumen,  Ac,  by  potassa.  When  animal 
albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in  a  mode- 
rately strong  solution  of  caustic  potassa,  and  the 
solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a  high  tem- 
perature, these  substances  are  decomposed.  The 
addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in  all  three,  the 
separation  of  a  gelatinous  translucent  precipitate 
which  has  exactly  the  same  characters  and  com- 
position.   This  is  protein.  —  Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 
fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten,  which 
have  been,  consequently,  classed  under  the  "  pro- 
teinaceous  alimentary  principle,"  by  Dr.  Pereira. 

PROTEINACEOUS,  Proteinous. 

PRO'TEIN  OUS,  Proteina'ceous,  Proteino'sus, 
(F.)  Prottique.  Of,  or  belonging  to  protein;  — 
as  "  a  proteinous  alimentary  principle." 

PHOTfilQUE,  Proteinous. 

PROTENSIONES  GLANDULARES,  Mam- 
millary  eminences. 

PROTITESIS,  Prosthesis,  Adjuncftio,  Adjec'- 
tio,  ApponV'tio,  '  addition,  application ;'  from  spoj, 
'  in  addition  to,'  and  n^(,  '  I  put.'  That  part 
of  surgery  whoso  object  is  to  add  to  the  human 
body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one  that  may 
be  wanting,  as  a  wooden  leg,  an  artificial  eye,  Ac. 

PROTMESIS,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PROTOGALA,  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS,  Arohiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Arohiater. 

PROTOMUS,  Dissector. 

PROTOPATHIA,  Idiopathic 

PRO'TOPHYTE,  Protoph'yton,  from  trpuns, 
4  first,'  and  tfivrov,  'a  plant/  A  vegetable  produc- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  scale ;  as  a  cryptogamous 
plant,  —  a  fungus. 

PROTOSPOROS,  Os  uteri. 

PROTOZO'ON,  from  nouros,  'first,'  and  £«ov, 
'  an  animal/  An  animal  low  in  the  scale ;  —  as  a 
monad. 

PROTRUSION,  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuberan'tio,  Extube- 
ra'tio,  Prominentia,  Excrescent tia,  Extuberan'tia, 
from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection/ 
(F.)  Bosse.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal 
protuberances,  seen  at  the  surface  of  certain  or- 
gans ;  the  parietal  protuberances,  occipital  pro- 
tuberances, annular  protuberances,-  Ac. 

Protuberance,  Annular,  Pons  Varolii  —  p. 
Cerebral,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — p. 
OylindrnXdc,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annularis 
Willisii,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Cyiindrica,  Cornu 
ammonis. 

PROTRUSOR,  Detrusor  urinaa. 

PROULIMATE'SIS.  A  word  employed  by 
Fores tu s  for  hernia  of  the  stomach. 

PROUNE,  Prunus  domestics. 


PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bulbus  glandule'™*, 
Infundibwflum,  Second  stomach;  from  *?•,  'be- 
fore,' and  ventriculus,  '  the  stomach/  A  bulbous 
expansion  at  the  termination  of  the  oesophagus, 
immediately  above  the  gizsard  of  birds,  the  walls 
of  which  are  thickly  studded  with  a  layer  of 
glands  or  follicles  which  secrete  a  digestive  fluid. 

PROVERBS,  MED'ICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression frequently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Regimen  of  Health  of  the  School  of  Sa- 
lemum,  composed  in  the  11th  century,  by  John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  often  in- 
culcated, we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  few. 

1.  Qu'  apris  la  soupe  tin  coupe  d' excellent  tin 
Tire  «n  icu  de  ta  poche  du  midecin. 

2.  Surge  quintd,  prande  nond,  ccena  quintd,  dormi 

nond,  nee  est  morti  vita  prona. 

3.  Nunquam  recti  corpus  ejterceri  sine  animo, 

neque  animum  sine  corpore  posse. 

4.  Viande  bien  machie  est  d  demi  digirie. 

5.  Optimum  condimentum  fames* 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

6.  Plures  oecidit  gulu  quam  gladius. 

7.  Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise. 

8.  One  man's  meat's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  better  than  a  pound 

of  cure. 

PROVERSIO,  Anteversion. 

PROVINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  department  of  Seine  et 
Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

PROVOCATORIUS,  Intercalary. 

PROX'IMAD,  see  Proximal  aspect. 

Prox'imal,  from  proximus,  'next.'  Proxi- 
mate; nearest;  next 

Proximal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
trunk,  in  the  course  of  an  extremity.  —  Barclay. 
Proximad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially 
to  signify  '  towards  the  trunk/ 

PRUNA,  Anthrax. 

PRUNE,  Prunum. 

Prunk  Juice  Expeotora'tion  or  Sputa.  The 
sputa  resembling  prune  juice,  which  occur  in  the 
third  or  purulent  stage  of  pneumonia. 

PRUNELLA,  Angina  pectoris,  Aphthae,  Cy- 
nanche,  Pupil. 

Prunel'la,  P.  wdga'ris  sen  officinalis,  Bru- 
nei'la,  Consol'ida  minor,  Sym'phytum  minus,  Self- 
heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle,  (F.)  PrunelU,  Bmnelle ; 
Family,  Labiatse.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gym- 
nospermia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended 
as  an  astringent,  in  hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and, 
also,  in  gargles  against  aphthae,  and  in  inflam- 
mation of  the  fauces. 

PRUNELLA  SAL,  Potasssa  nitras  fosus  sul 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

PRUNELLE,  Prunella,  Pupil. 

PR  UNEL L IER,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNELLOE,  Prunum  Brignolense. 

PRUNEOLA  SYLVESTRIS,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNES,  see  Prunum  — p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufficient  quantity,  soften  them  in  the 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble  mortar 
and  press  through  a  hair-sieve.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

P RUN  IER,  Prunus  domestica—  p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.    A  Plum,  %  Prune.    Three  sort* 


PRUNUS 


T2« 


PSELLIfiMUS 


ef  plums  hare  been  usually  ranked  amongst  the 
articles  of  the  materia  mediea.  1.  The  Prunum 
Brignolen'se ;  the  Brignole  plum  or  Prunel'loe; 
from  Brignole  in  Provence.  It  is  of  a  reddish- 
yellow  colour;  and  has  a  very  grateful,  sweet, 
subacid  taste.  2.  The  Prunum  Gal'licum>  Pru- 
num (Ph.  U.  S.),  the  French  Prune;  and  3.  The 
Prunum  Damasce'num  or  Damson,  Brab'ylon. 
All  these  possess  the  same  general  qualities  as 
the  other  summer  fruits.  They  are  emollient  and 
laxative. 
Prunum  Stella tuh,  Averrhoa  carambola. 
PRUNUS  ACAOIA,  Prunus  padus. 
Pbunu#Arxehiaca,  Armeni'aca  xmlga'ris  sen 
epiroti'ca.  The  A'pricot,  Apricock,  Bericoc'ce, 
$epiKOKKTj,  Pracoc'ia,  (F.)  Abricot.  Family,  Rosa- 
cess.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The 
apricot,  Melum  Armeniacum,  when  ripe,  is  easily 
digested,  and  considered  as  a  great  delicacy. 

Prunus  A'vium,  P.  cer'asus  sen  sylvest'ris  sen 
macrophyl'la,  Black  Cherry  Tree,  Cer'asus  A'vi- 
um  seu  nigra  sen  dulcis,  (F.)  MSrisier.  The 
fruit  is  eaten ;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree, 
the  properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  gam 
Arabic 

PituxrB  Capulijt,  (S.)  Capulics,  grows  in  the 
open  fields  of  Peru ;  and  is  cultivated  in  gardens  in 
the  towns.  The  fruit  is  acid,  and  not  often  eaten; 
but  on  account  of  its  agreeable  odour  it  is  used  in 
making  Pucheros  de  floret ;  or  with  odoriferous 
flowers  to  perfume  linen.  —  Tschudi. 

Prunus  Cer'asus,  Cer'asus  ac"\da  sen  horten'- 
sV#  seu  tmlga'ris  seu  rubra.  The  Red  Cherry 
Tree  /  (F.)  Cerisier.  The  fruit  Cer'asum,  Cera?- 
sion,  has  a  ploasant,  acidulous  sweet  flavour.  It 
is  wholesome.    See  Prunus  avium. 

Prunus  Domes'tica.  The  Plum  or  Damson 
tree,  Coccyme'lea,  Proune,  (F.)  Prunier  ordinaire. 
The  damson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  affords  a  whole- 
some fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  Ac.  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive. See  Prunum. 
Prunus  Hortsnbis,  P.  census. 
Prunus  Insi'tia.  The  Bullace  Plum  Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  like  the  damson. 

Prunus  Lauro-Cer'asus,  Cer'asus  lauro-cera- 
sus,  Padus  lauro-cerasus,  Poison  Laurel,  Cherry 
Laurel,  Common  Laurel,  Lauro-Cer'asus,  (F.)  Lau- 
rier-cfrite,  L.  amandier.  The  leaves  have  a  bit- 
ter, styptic  taste,  with  the  flavour  of  bitter  al- 
monds. The  flowers  have  a  similar  flavour.  The 
powdered  leaves,  applied  to  the  nostrils,  excite 
sneezing.  The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given 
occasion  to  their  being  employed  in  tarts,  cus- 
tards, Ac. ;  but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poi- 
sonous. The  poisonous  principle  is  the  prussic 
acid.  The  distilled  water,  called  Laurel-water, 
is  poisonous.  (See  Poisons,  Table  ot) 
Prunus  Macrophtlla,  P.  avium. 
Prunus  Padus,  Padus,  P.  a'vium,  Cer'asus 
Padus,  Cer'asus  racemo'sus  svlves'tris,  Wild  clus- 
ter or  Bird  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cirisier  d  grappes, 
Bois  puant.  The  bark  of  the  tree  has  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  sub-Lstringent  taste,  somewhat 
similar  to  that  of  bitter  almonds.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  intermittent*,  Ac.  in  the  form  of 
decoction.  The  berries  have  been  used  in  dysen- 
tery. 
Prunus  Seiusttna,  Sebastina. 
Prunus  Spino'sa.  The  Sloe  Tret,  P.  sylves*- 
tris  seu  Aca'cia,  Agriococeime'lea,  Agru'na,  Agru- 
ne'Jo,  (F.)  Prunellier,  Prunier  sauvage.  The 
fruit — the  sloe — is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles, 
and  was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhage, 
owing  to  its  astringent  properties.  The  Aca'cia 
nostras  seu  German' ica  seu  vulga'ris,  Prune'ola 
tylves'tris,  Succus  acacia  nostra' (is,  S.  Aeacim 
Oermanica  inspissa'tus  is  obtained  from  this. 
Prunus  Sylvbstris,  P.  Avium,  P.  Spinosa. 
Prunus  Virqinia'na,   Cer'asus  sero'tina,   C. 


Virginia' no,  Wild  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cerieier  eh 
Virginie.  The  bark  of  this  tree  has  been  found 
useful  in  intermittent*.  The  leaves  are  poisonous 
to  certain  animals,  and  the  berries  intoxicate  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  birds.  The  Indians  use  the  berk 
in  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is  bitter  and  astrin- 
gent, and  possesses  some  aromatic  warmth,  and, 
likewise,  a  narcotic  quality.  It  is  stimulant  and 
tonic.  The  leaves  contain  prussic  acid.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  bark  is  very  nearly  identical 
with  that  of  the  bitter  almond.  A  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  bark  is  anthelmintic 

Prunus  Vulgaris,  P.  Padus. 

PRURIG"INOUS,  Prurigino'sus;  same  ety- 
mon as  the  next.  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or 
resembling  prurigo. 

PRURI'GO,  Pruri'tus,  Chris'ma;  frompnrw, 
'  I  itch.'  The  word  is  often  used  synonymouslj 
with  itching.  Willan  and  Bateman  use  the  tent 
for  a  genus  of  cutaneous  diseases,  the  character- 
istic symptoms  of  which  are  a  severe  itching, 
accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  papulae  of  nearly 
the  same  colour  as  the  adjoining  cuticle ;  Cncmmt*, 
Scabies  papuli/orm'is,  Exor'mia  pruri'go.  Il 
affects  the  whole  surface  of  the  skin,  under  tbres 
varieties  of  form ;  —  the  P.  mitis,  P.  formfc***, 
P.  seni'lis,  Ac.  as  well  as  some  parts  of  the  bodj, 
as  the  P.  pod' ids,  and  P.puden'di  muiWbrie  ses 
Puden'dagra  pru'riens. 

Prurigo,  Heat — p.  Pedieularis,  Phtheirtmis. 

PRURIT,  Itching. 

PRURITUS,  Gargle,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  BLUE,  Ferrum  Zobt'icmm,  F,  Be- 
rus'sicum,  F.  Cyanogena'tum,  F.  oxyduWtmm  Ay- 
drocyan'icum,  Ferri  Ferrocy'anas,  F,  Ftn  %m  >•- 
nure'tum,  Borus'sias  Ferri,  Cevru'leum  Boms'si- 
cum,  0.  Berolinen'si,  Prussias  Ferri,  Hydrvcy' 
anas  Ferri,  Ferri  Cyanure'tum,  Ferri  percya*'i- 
dum,  Trito-hydro-ferrocy'anate  of  iron,  Ferrvcs- 
anuret  of  iron,  Ferro-prus'siate  of  iron,  (F.)  Bk* 
de  Prusse.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  Unh>i 
States,  the  pure  salt — Ferri  ferrocyanuretum—ii 
directed  to  be  made  as  follows :  Ferri  Sulphas, 
acid  sulph.  fgiiiss,  acid  nitric,  f^vj  ox  q.  «-,  /».- 
tassii  ferrocyanuret.  Jivts,  aqua,  Oy.  Discolt* 
the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  having  adC- 
ed  the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution.  Pczr 
into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small  portions,  boAx; 
the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  ad-a^ 
tion,  until  it  no  longer  produces  a  dark  eofesr; 
then  allow  the  liquid  to  oool.  Dissolve  the  fen*- 
cyanuret  of  potassium  in  the  remainder  of  ik* 
water,  and  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  fir* 
liquid,  agitating  the  mixture  after  each  additiea 
then  pour  it  upon  a  filter.  Wash  the  precipita* 
with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  pass  tsstt- 
less.  Lastly,  dry  and  rub  into  powder.  Ik« 
salt  is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  kj- 
drocyanic  acid  and  the  cyan  ore  t  of  mercury,  'is 
has  been  advised  in  the  treatment  of  intera*- 
tents,  and  in  epilepsy  and  scrophulosis.  Exter- 
nally, it  has  been  applied  to  ill-conditioned  al«rs- 
(33  to  3i»  °f  cerate.)    Dose,  four  to  i 

PSALIDIUM,  Fornix. 

PSALIS,  Fornix,  Scissors. 

PSALTERIUM,  Lyra. 

PSAMMA,  see  Gravel. 

PSAMMIS'MUS,    AmmiSmus, 
from <f>afifto(,  ' sand.'   Arena' tio.    The  i„ 
of  sand  to  any  part  of  the  body  for  thVewe  ef 
disease.  —  Paulus. 

PSAMMODKS,  Sabulous. 

PSAMMUS,  see  Gravel. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  u*aWm»*  from  u«aa«$i»  'I 
stutter/  Imperfect  or  depraved  state  of  the  arti- 
culation. A  genus  in  the  class  Pnnmnfirw.  ore« 
Phonica,  of  Good. 

Psellibmus  Na8itas,  Rhinophonia — p.  Bh*» 
taciamus,  Rotaoism. 


P8BLL0TES,  Balbuties. 

PSEUDACACIA  ODORATA,  Robinia  pseu- 
dacacia. 

PSEUDAC'OE,  PeeudacoVay  Peeudecol'atfrom 
iptvSris,  'false/  and «*oij,  ' audition.'  Pseudacu'sis. 
False  hearing. 

PSEUDACORUS,  Iris  pseudaoorus. 

PSEUD^ESTHE'SIA,  Seneuejperver'eu*,  from 
\pcv6rft,  'false/  and  at?3avo/Mu,  'I  feel.'  Parapets 
iUuso'ria,  Peeudo'phi,  Pteudaph'ia.  Depraved 
feeling.  Imaginary  sense  of  touch  or  general 
feeling  in  organs  that  have  no  existence.  Com- 
mon to  those  who  have  suffered  amputation;  and 
in  hypochondriacs  and  the  insane. 

P8EUDALEI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 

PSEUDANGUSTURINUM,  Brucine. 

PSEUD APHE,  PseudsBsthesia. 

PSEUDARTHRO'SIS,  Peeudarticula'tio, 
Peeudartie'ulue,  Ariicula'tio  notha  seu  artificial 
lie,  from  tytv&rit,  'false,'  and  apbpov,  'a  joint.'  A 
false  joint  or  articulation. 

PSEUDARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

PSEUDECOIA,  Pseudacoe. 

PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS,  Paractph'alue,  from 
rptvSnif  'false/  and  tyicvpaXov,  'the  eneepbalon/ 
A  monster,  whose  cranium  is  open  in  its  whole 
extent,  from  before  to  behind,  its  base  supporting 
a  vascular  tumour.  —  G.  St  Hilaire. 

PSEUDO,  False  — p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea, 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Pseudoblepsxe,  Pseudo- 
ra'sis,  Sufu'eio  oc'vli,  from  tfcv&p,  'false,'  and 
fiXnl/tt,'  sight.'  Pseudopg'ia,  Parop'sis  iUueo'ria, 
Suffu'eio,  Phantae'ma,  False  tight.  A  generic 
name,  used  by  Cullen  for  perversion  of  vision. 
Bee  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUDOBLEPSIS,  Paropsis. 

PSEUDOCARCINOMA  LABII,  Cancer  aqua- 
tions. 

PSEUDOCROUP,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PSEUDOCYESI8,  Pregnancy,  false— p.  Cye- 
sis  molaris,  Mole. 

PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid 
disease. 

PSEUDO-FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pseudogeu'sis,  Peeudo- 
geus'tia,  from  ^»%,  'false/  and  ytvcts,  'taste.' 
JSallucina'tio  guetus.    False  taste. 

PSEUDOGEUSTIA,  Pseudogeusia. 

PSEUDOHELMINTHES,  Eotoioa. 

PSEUDOLI'EN,  Peeudoeplen.  Glands  situate 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  spleen ;  probably, 
lymphatic  glands. 

PSEUDOMECHOAOANA.  Convolvulus  pan* 
duratus. 

PSEUDO MEDICU8,  Charlatan. 

P8EUDOMRLANOTIC  FORMATIONS,  see 
Anthraeosis  — p.  Membrane,  Membrane,  false. 

P8SUDOHELANOT10  Msinxx,  Membrane,  false— 
p.  Metamorphosis  polyposa,  Polypus* 

PSB?DOMEMBRANA,  Membrane,  false, 

PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus  pseudonar- 
eissus. 

PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,Peripneuinonia 
notha. 

PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULI  RE- 
SOLUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastroma- 
laoiiw 

PSEUDOPHTHPSIS.  False  phthisis.  Ema- 
ciation occasioned  by  other  cause  than  organio 
lesion  of  the  lungs. 

PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  if,t*ins,  'false/ 
said  *\aaau>,  '  I  form.'  A  term  applied  to  malig- 
nant heterologous  tumours. — Vogel. 

PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia  — p.  Po- 


lypi, see  Polypi — p.  Pyrethrum,  Achillea  pin- 
mica — p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

P8EUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSBUDOPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPSIA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDORASIS,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  Peeudorex'ie,  from  <W«, 
'false/  and  optfa,  'appetite.'    False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-RHONCHUS,  from  >Uv%,  'false/ 
and  poyxos,  'rattle.'  A  sound  heard  daring  re- 
spiration, which  appears  to  be  produoe<Oike  the 
ordinary  rhonchi,  in  the  air-tubes,  but  is  exterior 
to  them — as  in  the  case  of  pleural  peeudorhonckx. 
See  Rattle,  and  Rdle. 

PSEUDOS'MIA,  Peeudoephre'eia,  Pseudoe- 
phre'rie,  from  ^nSnst  'false/  and  ocprj,  'smell.' 
False  sense  of  smell. 

PSEUDOPHRESIA,  Pseudosmia. 

PSEUD0SYPHILI8,  Syphilis  pseudosyphilis. 

PSEUDOTHANATOS,  Asphyxia, 

PSEUDOYARIOLiB,  Varicella. 

PSEUDYMEN,  Membrane,  false. 

PSID'IUM  POMIF'ERUM.  The  Apple  Gtta- 
va,  Guava,  Guayava.  This  plant  and  P.  Pyrif- 
erwn  bear  fruits ;  those  of  the  former  like  apples, 
—  of  the  latter  like  pears.  The  apple  kind  hae 
an  acid  flavour,  the  other  is  sweet  Of  the  inner 
pulp  of  either,  the  natives  of  the  Indies  make 
jellies ;  and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts,  marmalades, 
Ac  They  are  somewhat  astringent;  this  qua- 
lity, indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the  tree,  and 
abundantly  in  the  leaf-buds,  which  are  occasion- 
ally boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as  an  excel- 
lent drink  in  diarrhoea.  A  simple  decoction  of 
the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch,  and 
most  cutaneous  eruptions. 

PSILOSIS,  Depilation. 

PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba,  Depilatory. 

PSIMMYTHON,  Plnmbi  luboarbonas. 

PSOA,  Dysodia. 

V80M,  Ptnmy  Psya,  Lwnbi,  'the  loins/  Alop'. 
eces,  Nephron*' trm,  Neurome' tree.  The  psoss 
muscles. 

PSOAS  MAGNUS,  Psoas  seu  hmba'ru  inter'. 
mis,  PH-lombo-trockantiny  PrS-lombe-troehatu- 
tinien  (Ch.),  Femur  meven'tium  seoctus.  A  mus- 
cle, seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumber  por- 
tion of  the  vertebral  column  ;  and  passing  down 
to  the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  long,  fusiform,  and  attached,  above,  to  the 
body  and  transverse  prooesses  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebrae,  and  last  dorsal  Below,  it  ter- 
minates, by  a  very  thick  tendon,  oommon  to  it 
and  the  iliacus  muscle,— which  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.  This  muscle 
bends  the  thigh  upon  tho  pelvis,  and  carries  it  in 
rotation  outwards.  It  may,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on  the  pelvis.  It  acts 
considerably  in  station  and  progression. 

Psoas  Pabvus,  Prf-lombo-pubien,  (Ch.)  A 
muscle  situate  anteriorly  to  the  last  It  is  long, 
thin,  flat,  and  narrow;  and  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  below, 
to  the  linea  ileo-peotinea,  by  means  of  a  slender 
tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expansions — one  to 
the  Iliac  aponeurosis,  and  the  other  to  the  pelvis. 
This  muscle  bends  the  vertebral  column  on  the 
pelvis;  and,  reciprocally,  the  pelvis  on  there** 
tebral  column. 

PSODYMUS,  Gastrodidymus. 

PSOI2B,  Psoas. 

PSOtTE,  Psoitis. 

PSOl'TIS,  InjUxmma'tio  mus'cuK  Peoae,  Lum- 
Wgo  inflammato'ria  spasmod'ica,  (F.)  PeoUe,  /»- 


PSOLfl 


722 


PSYLLIUM 


du  muscle  Psoas.  From  tyat,  'the 
loins/  and  iti*,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  psoas  musoles  and  of  the  parts 
situate  before  the  lumbar  vertebrae :  accompanied, 
from  its  commencement,  by  considerable  fever, 
Tiolent  pains  in  the  part  affected  and  in  the  thigh 
of  the  same  side,  which  remains  oommonly  half 
bent  Psoitis  may  terminate  by  suppuration,  and 
form  lumbar  abscess. 

PSOLB,  <4*»Air,  'the  male  organ/  Also,  the 
glans  when  uncovered. 

PSOLON,  Membrosus. 

PSOLON'CUS,  from  1^X17,  and  oy«©f,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 
generally. 

PSOLU8,  from  «d  «>*.  One  who  has  the  glans 
uncovered.    One  who  has  been  circumcised. 

PSOPHOMETER,  Stethoscope. 

PSOPHOS,  *po<pos,  'a  noise.'  A  loud  noise;  a 
hollow  sound. 

PSORA,  from  <Jww,  'I  touch,  I  feel/  Sca'bies, 
Phlysis  Scabies,  Ecpye'si*  Scabies,  Scabiola,  Itch, 
Scratch,  Scotch  fiddle,  (F.)  Gale,  Mai  Saint-Main, 
Rogne.  A  contagious  eruption  of  very  minute 
pimples — pustular,  vesicular,  papular,  intermixed, 
and  alternating,  itching  intolerably  and  termina- 
ting in  scabs.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  an 
insect  of  the  genus  Acarus; —  the  Ac' arm  seu 
Sarcop'tes  sen  Sarcop'tu*  sen  Phthi'rium  seu  Chey- 
Wtu§  Scabiei,  Ac* am  Giro,  Itch-insect,  (F.)  Oiron. 
The  itch  occupies,  particularly,  the  spaces  between 
the  fingers,  the  back  of  the  hands,  wrists,  elbows, 
axillae,  groins,  hams,  Ac,  and  rarely  affects  the 
face.  The  best  applications,  for  its  cure,  are, — 
the  Unguenium  Sulphuri*  or  Ung.  Sulph.  camp. 
night  and  morning ;  but  the  unpleasant  smell  of 
the  sulphur  has  given  occasion  to  the  use  of  other 
means;  —  as  the  White  Hellebore,  Potass  in  deli- 

Xuescence,  Muriate  of  Ammonia,  Sulphuric  Acid, 
c  The  repugnance  to  the  smell  of  sulphur 
ought  not,  however,  to  be  regarded;  especially 
as,  in  the  course  of  four  or  five  days,  it  will,  in 
almost  all  cases,  produce  a  perfect  cure. 

Psoba  Agria,  Psoriasis  inveterate — p.  Lepro- 
•a,  Psoriasis  —  p.  Squamosa,  Psoriasis. 

PSORA'LEA  GLANDULO'SA,  Alvagttil'l*. 
Family,  Leguminosa.  Sex.  St/st.  Diadelphia  De- 
candria.    A  shrub,  used  in  Chili  as  a  vulnerary. 

Pboba'lba  Pentaphtl'la,  Psora' lia,  Contra- 
yer'va  nova,  Mexican  Con  tray  er'va.  The  root  is 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  the  contrayerva  in  its 
medical  properties;  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant 

PSORALIA,  Psoralea  pentephylla. 

PSORENTERIA,  Cholera. 

P80RI'ASIS,  formerly,  the  state  of  being  af- 
fected with  xpapa.  Lepido'sis  psori'asis,  Serpe'do, 
Serpi'go,  Impeti'go  (of  some),  Sca'bies  sie'ea,  S. 
feri'na,  Psora  lepro'sa,  P.  squamo'sa,  Scaly  Tet- 
ter, Dry  Scale,  Dry  Scall,(F.)  Dartre  squameuse 
lichenoid*,  D.  tcailleuee,  Gratelle,  OaU  miliare, 
G.  canine  on  siche.  A  cutaneous  affection,  con- 
listing  of  patches  of  rough,  armorphous  scales; 
continuous,  or  of  indeterminate  outline;  skin 
often  chappy.  Psoriasis  occurs  under  a  consi- 
derable variety  of  forms.  The  surface,  under  the 
scales,  is  more  tender  and  irritable  than  in  lepra, 
which  psoriasis,  in  some  respects,  resembles.  Dr. 
Willan  has  given  names  to  eleven  varieties  of 
psoriasis:  the  chief  of  which  are  the  Psoriasis 
gutta'ta,  P.  diffu'ea  (one  form  of  which  is  the 
Baker's  Itch  and  Grocer's  Itch,  and  another,  the 
Washerwoman's  Seall),  the  P.  gyra'ta,  and  P. 
mveiera'ta  seu  Ptora  a' aria.  The  treatment  of 
psoriasis  must  be  antiphlogistic,  with  the  internal  I 
■te  of  the  fixed  alkalies,  sulphur,  Ac.    The  irri-  i 


table  kinds  do  better  without  any  local  1  _  _ 
tion.  The  more  local  and  less  inflammatory  are 
ameliorated  by  emollient  and  soothing  applica- 
tions; or  by  slightly  stimulating  means,  sea- 
bathing, the  Ung.  hydrarg.  nitrico-oxya\,  Ung. 
oiidi  xinci,  Ac 

PSO'RICUS.  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
itch.    A  medicine  for  curing  the  itch. 

PSOROPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi— p. 
Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (purulent*  infan- 
tum). 

PSYJB,  Pso». 

PSYCHAQOGA,  Psychagogica. 

PSYCHAGO'GICA,  Peychago'ga,  from  4«x*> 
'  life,'  '  soul/  and  ayw, '  I  lead.'  Medicine*  whien 
resuscitate,  when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syn- 
cope and  apoplexy. 

PSYCHE,  Anima. 

PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  4«xt,  'mind,'  aid 
tarptia,  'healing.'  Treatment  of  diseases  of  fee 
mind. 

PSY'CHICAL,  Pey'chicus,  from  ^vx»,  'mini.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  endow- 
ments. Psychological  is  not  unfrequently  used 
with  the  like  signification. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see  Psychical. 

PSYCHOLOGY,  Psychol™/' ia,  from  ^»t> 
'  mind/  and  Xoyo; , '  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  tie 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties.  Also,  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCHONOSOL'OGY,  Psychono*olog»iatfHa 
ipvXi>  'mind/  voeot,  'disease/  and  Xoyw*  •  a  de- 
scription/ The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  00,  dip- 
eases  of  the  mind. 

PSYCHOPATHIES,  Psychoses. 

PSYCHOR'AGES,  AgonVzan*,  Maribun'dms, 
Moribund,  from  <fvgii,  '  mind/  and  pay?,  *  rap- 
ture/ Dying.  In  Articulo  Mortis.  Monhmi 
means,  also,  one  who  is  dying. 

PSYCHORAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHOS,  Cold. 

PSYCHO'SES,  from  u*x*,  'mind.'  Kernel 
of  the  intellect.  Diseases  of  the  miad.  Psy- 
chop'athies. 

PSYCHOTICA,  Analeptics 

P8YCH0TRIA,  Analeptica— p.  Emettea,  Ipe- 
cacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betonica  officinalis. 

PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  frt»  ^ 
Xpot,  '  cold/  and  Aeow,  '  I  wash/     A  cold  bath. 

PSYCHROPHOB'IA,  from******  'eold/asrf 
<po0o<,  'fear/  Dread  of  cold,  especially  of  cd* 
water.    Impressibility  to  cold. 

PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  uWta  *»*<*»!«,  'kU 
drops/  The  ancients  sometimes  used  this  term 
for  pimple*;  at  others,  for  vesicle*,  Willan  u4 
Bateman  define  Psydracium  to  be,  a  small  ps*- 
tule,  often  irregularly  circumscribed,  prodaesf 
but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  termi- 
nating in  a  laminated  scab.  Many  of  the  p?f- 
dracia  usually  appear  together,  and  become  ef- 
fluent; and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus,  they  p«r 
out  a  thin,  watery  humour;  which  freeeeer> 
forms  an  irregular  incrustation.  Frank  laav 
the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption,  which  titer* 
from  itch  in  not  originating  from  an  insect,  sad 
is  not  contagious; — perhaps  the  lichen.  Au- 
thors have  differed  regarding  its  acceptation. 

PSTDRACFA  ACKB,  Acne. 

PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium— p. : 
Plantago  psyllium. 


PTARMICA,  Achillea  ptarmica— p.  Montana, 
Arnica  montana. 

PTARMICUM,  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

•PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ulmus. 

PTERIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

Pteris  Aquili'na,  'Eagle*'  Wing;'  bo  called 
from  its  leaves.  Pter'ia,  Thelyp'teris,  Filix  Nym- 
pha'a  sen  fe'mina,  Asple'nium  aquili'num,  Com- 
mon Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Eagle  Fern,  Bracken, 
(F.)  Fouglre  femelUt  La  grande  Fougere.  Nat. 
Ord.  Filices.  The  root  is  considered  to  be  an- 
thelmintio ;  and  as  efficacious  as  that  of  the  male 
fern  in  cases  of  tapeworm. 

Pteris  Palubtris,  Aspleninm  filix  foamina. 

PTERNA,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNIUM,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Calcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino— p. 
Marsupinm,  Bee  Kino — p.  Sandaiinus,  P.  Santa- 
linns. 

Pterooar'ptjs  SAWTAu'wire,  P.  Sandali'nus, 
San'talum  sen  San' datum  Rubrum,  Bed  Sanders 
or  Saunders  Tree,  (F.)  Santal  rouge.  Family, 
Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria. 
Red  Saunders  wood,  San'talum  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Lig- 
num sandali'num  is  used  only  as  a  colouring  mat- 
ter: it  gives  to  rectified  spirit  a  fine  deep  red. 
The  juice  of  this  tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  af- 
fords a  species  of  Dragon' $  Blood. 

PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDEA,  Scaly  Dra- 
gon claw,  Dragon  root,  Fever  root,  Albany  beech- 
drop.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Mono- 
tropese,  Sex.  Syet.  Decandria  Monogynia: — found 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  which  blossoms  in  July. 
The  root  has  been  regarded  as  an  anthelmintic, 
diuretic,  emmenagogue,  Ac. :  but  it  is  not  used. 

PTBRYG'ION,  Pterygium,  Ala,  from  m-cpvf, 
'  a  wing.'  A  small  wing.  Onyx,  Pyo'eie,  Unguis, 
(P.)  Drapeau,  Onglet.  A  varicose  excrescence 
of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  triangular  shape,  and 
commonly  occurring  at  the  inner  angle  of  the 
eye ;  whence  it  extends  over  the  cornea.  Some- 
times two  or  three  pterygia  occur  on  the  same 
eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea  with  a  thick 
veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision.  According  to 
Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name  Pannic'ulus 
to  this  last  complication.  If  the  pterygion  can- 
not be  dispelled  by  means  of  discntient  collyria, 
it  must  be  removed  by  the  scissors. 

PTERYGIUM,  Pterygion,  Scapula— p.  Digiti, 
Paronychia — p.  Lardaceum,  Pinguecula— p.  Pin- 
gne,  Pinguecula. 

PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE,  Ptery- 
goideus interims — -p.  Colli-maxiUaire,  Pterygoid- 
eus  externus— -p.  Maxillaire,  grand,  Pterygoideus 
internns — p.  maxillaire,  petit,  Pterygoideus  ex- 
ternus— p.  Palatine  canal,  Pterygoid  canal  —  p. 
Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis — p.  Staphy- 
linus,  Circumflexus. 

PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE,  P t  ery go- Palati' nus. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process  and 
palate. 

Pterygopalatine  Artery  or  Superior  pha- 
ryngeal is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  off  by 
the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the  zygo- 
matic fossa:  after  having  passed  through  the 
pterygopalatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to  the 
superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Pterygo-Palattne  Canal.  A  small  canal, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS  INTERNUS, 
Iterator  palati— p.  Syndesmo-staphyli-pharyngien, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus. 


PTERYGOID,  Pterygol'des,  Pterygoideus,  AU- 
for1  mis  ;  from  vmpv(,  'a  wing/  and  eiSot,  'form.* 
A  name  given  to  two  processes  at  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  sphenoid  bone ;  the  two  laminae  which 
form  them  having  been  compared  to  wings. 
These  ala  or  icing*  or  processes, — Processus  ali- 
form'en, — have  been  distinguished,  according  to 
their  position,  into  internal  and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Vid'ian  Artery,  Ram'ulus 
Duetto  Pterygoidei,  Artefria  pharynge'a  supre'tna, 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  artery,  at  the 
bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  the  same  name, 
to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eustachian 
tube  and  velum  palati  The  name,  pterygoid 
arteriee,  is  likewise  given  to  the  branches,  which 
the  internal  maxillary  and  some  of  its  divisions, 
as  the  meningea  media,  and  posterior  temporalis 
profunda,  furnish  to  the  pterygoid  muscles,  be- 
hind the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  Canal,  Vid'ian  canal,  Ductus  pte- 
rygdideus,  Cana'lis  Vidia'nue,  (F.)  Conduit  ptiry- 
goldien  on  Vidien,  Pterygo-palatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid  nerve. 
The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which  terminate 
the  canals,  have  the  Bame  epithets  applied  to 
them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  PterygoXdea,  (F.) 
Fosse  ptSrygoldienne  ou  ptirygoidc,  is  the  de- 
pression which  separates  the  two  laminae  or  ala 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala' res  mus'culi,  Ali- 
form'es  mus'culi,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Pterygoideus  externus,  P.  minor,  (F.)  Ptirygo- 
colli-maxillaire,  Petit  Pttrygo-maxillaire  (Ch.) 
Petit  ptirygoldien,  Ptirvgoidien  externe,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by  short  apo- 
neuroses, from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone; 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding  part 
of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This  muscle 
draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and  the  inter- 
articular  ligament  forwards.  It  carries  the  chin 
forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side.  If  the  two 
external  pterygoids  act  together,  the  jaw  is  car- 
ried directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pterygoideus  in- 
ternus,  P.  major,  Masse' ter  intern' us,  Latent  in 
Orl,  (F.)  Grand  Ptirygo-maxillaire,  Pttrygo- 
anguli-maxillaire,  Grand  Ptirygoldien  ou  PtSry- 
goldien  interne.  A  thick,  quadrilateral  muscle, 
which  is  attached  by  short  and  very  strong  apo- 
neuroses ;  above,  to  the  pterygoid  fossa,  whence 
it  proceeds  downwards,  backwards,  and  outwards, 
to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus 
of  the  lower  jaw,  near  its  angle.  This  muscle 
raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  carries  it  a  little  for- 
wards.   It  also  performs  the  grinding  motion. 

Pterygoid  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber. I.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vid'ian  Nerfa.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion  ;  traverses  the  Vidian  canal  of 
the  sphenoid ;  and,  beyond,  divides  into  two  fila- 
ments. 1.  A  superior  or  cranial,  Nervus  superfi- 
cia'lis  give  petro'sus,  which  ascends  into  the  cra- 
nium, and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Fallopius  to  unite 
with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inferior  or  carotid, 
Nervus  profundus  sive  major,  which  traverses  the 
carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the  ascending 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
trisplanchnic.  11.  The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro- 
perly so  called,  Nervus  musculi  pterygoidei,  Is 
given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary  bianch  of  the 
5th  pair. 


PTERYQOlDlEN 


m 


PUDIBILIA 


PTERYQOlDlEN  GRAND  ou  INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus  internus— -n.  Externe,  Pterygoideus 
•xternus— p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus  externus. 

PTERYGO'MA.  Same  etymon.  A  wing;  a 
projeotiog  or  pendulous  body.  A  swelling  of  the 
vulva,  whioh  prevents  coition. — M.  A.  Severinns. 

PTERYX,  Ala. 

PTIL0SI8,  Deplumatio,  Madarosis. 

PTI8ANA,  Tisane  —  p.  Communis,  Deeoctum 
hordei  eompositom — p.  Hippocratiea,  Decoctum 
hordei. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCHIA'TER,  PtocKia'true,  same  etymon  as 
the  next  A  physician  to  the  poor,  or  to  an  esta- 
blishment for  the  poor. 

PTOCHIATRI'A,  from  im^of,  'poor/  and 
tarpua,  'healing.'  Practice  amongst  the  poor. 
Also,  an  institution  for  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  poor. 

PTOCHOCOMI'UM,  from  m»xos,  'a  poor  per- 
son/ and  Koutu, '  I  take  care  of/  PtocKodochi'wn, 
Ptochotrophe'um.    An  almshouse. 

PTOCHODOCHIUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOCHOTROPHEUM,  Ptoohocominm. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  Prolapsus  — p.  Bnlbi  ocnli,  Exoph- 
thalmic 

Ptosis  Ir'idis,  Tridoee'U,  Hernia  Ir'idie,  Tri- 
dopto'eie,  Prolap'tiu  Iridie,  from  xruvtf,  '  a  fall- 
ing.' A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a  wound 
of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  blackish  tubercle, 
whioh  projects  a  little  from  the  cornea  in  various 
forms. 

Ptosis  Palpbbiub,  Blepharoptosis. 

PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogne. 

PTYALIN,  see  Saliva. 

PTYALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYALISME  MEROURIEL,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

PTYALISMTTS,  Salivation— p.  Acntus  melli- 
tos,  see  Salivation — p.  Acntus  sympathetica,  see 
Salivation — p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  Inert,  Slavering — p.  Mercnrialis,  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial — p.  Pyrosicus,  Pyrosis. 

PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogne. 

PTYALON,  Saliva. 

PTYASMAGOGUE,  Expeotorant,  Sialogogne. 

PTYELON,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSIS,  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Saliva. 

PTYSMAGOGUE,  Sialogogne. 

PTYSMATI8XHESIS,  P*««a*oe'cAem,  from 
flTvepa,  'sputum/  and  texuv,  'to  retain/  Sup- 
pression of  pulmonary  expectoration. 

PTYSMATOSCHESIS,  Ptysmatisehesis. 

PUANTEUR,  Dysodia. 

PUBENS,  Ephebns. 

PUBER,  Ephebus. 

PU'BERAL ;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  age  of  puberty — as 
'  a  puberal  disease.' 

PUR]} RE,  Ephebns. 

PUMRTAS,  Bphebfa. 

PU'BERTY,  Pubertaet  ffebi,  Pub*,  Aphro- 
efe'fa,  Bvhebi'a,  BpMbia,  EpMbotee,  Bptebo'- 
sy*4,  Pubee'eenee,  from  pnbeeeen,  (to  begin  to 
have  hair  on  the  ehin  and  sexual  organs.'  The 
period  of  life  at  which  young  people  of  both  sexes 
are  pubee'eent  or  nubile.  According  to  the  civil 
law,  puberty  occurs  at  12  years  in  females,  and 
U  in  males.  The  period  varies  somewhat  in  dif- 
ferent climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of 
the  same  climate. 

PUBBS,  EpWeJkion,  Epicten'ion,  Cteie,  Peeten; 
the  Pmbic  region*    Same  etymon.    The  middle 

rrt  of  the  hypogastric  region ;  so  called,  because 
is  covered  with  hair,  in  both  sexes,  at  the 


period  of  puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  P»W. 
Lanu'go  sen  PW,  Pudendo'rnm  Phmta'iim; 
and,  of  old,  pubertal  signified  the  sans. 

Pubes,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENCE,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENT,  see  Puberty. 

PUBLfiUS,  Pubic 

PUBIC,  Pu'bian,  Pu'Weas,  PnbVm,  (?.) 
Pubien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concern  as 
pubis. 

Pubio  Abce  or  Arch  of  tie  PaWt,  (I.)  Ak»* 
pubienne.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  partof  the 
inferior  cireomferenoe  of  the  pelvis.  Biisai 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  maw;  to  cor- 
respond with  the  additional  function*  which  di 
has  to  execute. 

Pubio  Articula'tios,  or  Spefpkeni  W* 
results  from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pub*  A* 
medium  of  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'ambhts  are  two  very  solid,  fin* 
fascise,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  rrmfM 
pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  ii  eiW 
the  anterior  pubic  ligament ;  the  other  the  W* 
rior  or  eubpubie. 

Pubic  Regioic,  RJgio  Pubie.  The  rep*  4 
the  pubes. 

PUBIEN,  Pubic. 

PUBIO-COCCYQIBN-ANNULAIto 
Pvbio-coccyge'u*  annula'rie.  Dumas  s»w  jjf 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  isebio-CMtyi** 
which  he  considers  a  single  muscle. 

PUBIO-OOOCYGTEN-ANNULAIRB,  fr* 
tor  Ani— o.  FSmoral,  Pectinalis— p.  J«w 
Adductor  longus  femoris— p.  OmbiUeal,  H* 
midalis  abdominis  — p.  Prostatic**,  Conpre** 
prostata*— p.  Soue-ombilieal,  Pyranudslii  •*•■ 
minis— p.  Sternal,  Rectos  abdomuui-P- "•" 
thral,  see  Compressor  Urethra. 

PUBIS,  OS,  BnieeVon,  EpieVon,  M#* 
Share  Bone,  Bar-lone,  Oe  Pee'tinie.  The  «£ 
rior  part  of  the  os  innominatum ;  so  <*^~, 
cause  it  corresponds  to  the  genital  orguu  «« 
pubic  region.  The  angle  of  tU  pMt  ii  faf* 
by  the  union  of  the  body  and  rami  of  etth  fi* 

PUB'LIC M  PARTBS.  Those  organ*  •"? 
called,  the  object  of  whose  functions  is  the  Mo- 
tion of  all  the  others.  Such  are  the  dipeB* 
and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCCOON,  Sanguinaria  Canadenili-^ 
Sangttinaria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hrcfl* 
Canadensis. 

PUCE,  Pulex  irrttans  —  p.  Jfalfca*,  m* 
thrax  — ».  PSnitrante,  Chiqu*. 

PUCELAQE,  Virginity. 

PUCELLE,  Virgin. 

PUDDING-GRASS,  Mentha  palette 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

Pubbkda  Virorux,  Pudibilia. 

PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word;  *«■£ 
denda,  (pudere,  'to  be  ashamed/)  '&«£"* 
organs/  and  the  Greek  aypa,  'a  seinr*.'  Ao*» 
ing  to  some,  this  term  means  pain  in  &'£* 
parts :  Dolor  pudenaWrmm,  Men'tmlagrm,  &+ 
dyn'ia ;  according  to  others,  it  is  lywej** 
with  syphilis.  a^s* 

Pcdekdaorx  Pburibus,  Prurigo  posew  ■» 
liebris.  liLj. 

PUDEN'DAL  HERITIA.  Hernia,  wW"* 
scends  between  the  vagina  and  rasas*  **^£ 
forms  an  oblong  tumour  in  the  lahunB;  tea?-" 
in  the  pelvis,  as  far  as  the  os  uteri.        _  M 

PUDBNDALI8  LOHGUS  INTBMOB,  •• 
Sciatic  nerve,  lesser.  —  «j» 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vnha-^*** 
Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudic  _^u 

PUDIBIL'IA;  from  pmdert,  «ts  be  t*^ 


Tne  male  genital  organs;  tremta'ixa  v%r%,  rirtria, 
Pensil'ia,  Instrumen'ta,  Puden'da  viro'rum,  Pon- 
<W 

P^JDIC,  Pudi'cus,  Puden'due,  (F.)  Honteux. 
game  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  as  well  as  to 
different  other  parts. 

Pudic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  organs 
of  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  internal  Pudic, 
Arterial  Pudi'ca,  A.  puden'da  eommu'nis,  (F.) 
Artire  honteuse  interne,  A.  Sous-pubienne  (Ch.), 
Qen'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the  hypo- 
gastric, and  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  one 
—  the  inferior  or  perineal — which  gives  off  the 
Inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the  sep- 
tum; and  the  other — the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiop6- 
nienne — which  furnishes  the  transverse  perineal 
artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  artery 
of  the  corpus  cavernosum,  and  the  dorsalis  penis, 
This  latter,  in  the  female,  has  the  name  Dorsa'lis 
Clitor'idis.  2.  The  external  Pudic  Arteriee,  (F.) 
Art&res  scrotoUs  ou  vulvaires  (Ch.),  A.  hontenses 
externee,  which  are  two  in  number.  The  one  is 
superficial  or  subcutaneous,  and  the  other  deep- 
seated  or  subaponeurotic.  They  are  given  off 
from  the  femoral  artery,  or  some  one  of  its 
branches;  and  are  distributed  to  the  external 
parts  of  generation. 

Pudic  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  honteux,  Kerf  isehio- 
pSnien  ou  Ischio-elitorien  (Ch.),  is  a  branch  fur- 
nished by  the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed 
to  the  genital  organs;  and  especially,  to  the  penis 
in  man,  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lie,  from  puer,  'a  child/ 
(F.)  Respiration  puSrile,  R.  exagirte,  R.  suppU- 
mentaire,  R.  hypervisiculaire.  A  term  applied 
to  the  respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud  through 
the  stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PUERILITAS,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

PUERITIA,  see  Age. 

PUER'PERA,  fromjwer,  'a  child/  and parere, 
'to  bring  forth/  Tokos,  Lochos,  Enix'a,  Leeho, 
a  lying-in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  Oouche,  Ac- 
coucMe.  A  female  in  child-bed.  One  recently 
delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Puerpera'lis  ;  from  puerpera. 
Relating  to  parturition  and  its  consequences. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium. 

Puer 'per al  Fetes.  Any  fever  occurring 
during  the  puerperal  state— .fcftrit  puerpera'rum, 
JLechop'yra,  Lochioccslii'tis,  Lochiop'yra,  Child- 
bed fever.  Most  commonly  restricted  to  a  ma- 
lignant variety  of  peritonitis. 

PUERPERIUM,  Child-bed  state. 

PUERPEROUS,  Parturient. 

PUFF,  VEILED,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lyooperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow:' 
Infla'tio,  Suffla'tio;  Tumefac't to  mollis,  (F.)Bouf- 
fissure,  Boursouflure.  A  soft  intumescence,  with- 
out redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  general,  and 
be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fluid,  ex- 
travasation of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue,  Ac  Puffiness  is  most 
frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs ;  and  some- 
times appears  around  a  wound. 

PUGIL'LUS,  Drax,  Dra'chion,  from  pugnue, 
4  the  fist'  Dragma,  Dragmis,  (F.)  Pineee.  The 
quantity  of  any  substance,  which  may  be  taken 
•with  the  end  of  two  or  three  fingers.  The  eighth 
part  of  a  handfaL  . 

PUISSANCE  DU  MOULE  INTJSRIEUB, 
Plastic  force. 

PUKE,  Emetic 

PUKEWEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 
.    PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 


r  u  Lijsui  u  ai,  men  cna  puiegium— p.  vervuuan, 
Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  IRRPTANS.  The  common  flea,  (F.) 
Puce.  A  parasitic  insect  found  on  the  bodies  of 
man  and  animals. 

Pulex  Penetrans,  Chique. 
PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulieula'rU,  from  pulex,  <a 
gnat'  An  epithet  given  to  cutaneous  eruptions 
resembling  gnat-bites; — and,  also,  to  diseases  in 
which  such  eruptions  occur. 
Pulicaris  Herea,  Plantago  psyllium. 
POLLNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
Bohemian  springs  contain  sulphates  of  soda  and 
magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PULMO,  Pulmo'nee,  by  transposition  of  the 
letter  I  from  pleumon,  wXevuuv;  Pneumon,  Pleu- 
mon,  Spiramen'tum  an'tma,  Ergaste'rion  spir'itus, 
F label I'utn  et  ventila'brum  cordis,  the  Lung.  The 
essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is  double, 
and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  chest  The 
lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexible,  com- 
pressible,  and  dilatable  structure,  fill  exactly  the 
two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mediastinum  and  the  heart. 
The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two  oblique  fissures, 
into  three  unequal  lobes,  Lobi  seu  Ala  pulmo'num* 
The  left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently 
only  one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is,  about 
the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the  bronchia  and 
pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by  anatomists,  the 
root  of  the  lungs,  (F.)  Racine  des  Poumons.  Es- 
sentially, the  lungs  are  composed  of  prolongations 
and  ramifications  of  the  bronchia,  and  of  the  pul- 
monary arteries  and  veins, — the  divisions  of  which 
are  supported  by  a  fine,  areolar  tissue. 

When  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined  In  a 
clear  light,  we  may  see,  even  through  the  pleura, 
that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the  aggrega- 
tion of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of  an  irregu- 
larly spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of  air,  and 
separated  by  white  and  opake  septa.  These  ve- 
sicles are  called  Air-cells,  Spiramen'ta  seu  Spi- 
r am' in  a  seu  Cell' tilts  Pulmo'num.  Along  the  par- 
titions or  septa  is  deposited,  in  greater  or  less 
quantity,  black  pulmonary  matter,  (F.)  Ma- 
tilre  pulmonaire  noire,  as  it  has  been  called, 
which  seems  to  be  natural.  Sometimes  it  is  seen 
in  points ;  at  others,  in  spots.  The  oolour  of  the 
lungs  varies  according  to  age  and  other  circum- 
stances. In  youth,  it  is  more  red;  and  after- 
wards, grayish  or  bluish;  often,  as  if  marbled. 
The  pleura  pulmonalis  is  their  investing  mem- 
brane. The  air  is  carried  to  the  lungs  by  means 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia.  The  black  venous 
blood,  which  requires  oxygenation,  is  conveyed  to 
them  from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery ; 
and  when  it  has  undergone  this  chaugo,  it  is 
returned  to  the  heart  by  the  pulmonary  veins. 
The  blood-vessels  in  servient  to  the  nutrition  of 
the  lungs  are  the  bronchial  arteries  and  veins. 
The  pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous. 
Some  are  superficial ;  others,  deep-seated.  They 
pass,  for  the  most  part,  into  the  bronchial  gan- 
glions or  glands.  The  nerves  are  furnished  by 
the  pulmonary  plexus. 

PULMONAIRE  DES  FRANgAlS,  Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 

PULMONA'RIA,  P.  officina'lis,  P.  Macu'lau*, 
P.  Maculo'sa,  Lungwort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Jeru- 
salem Cowslip,  Jerusalem  Sage,  Spotted  Comfrey, 
(F.)  Sauge  dt  Jerusalem.  Family,  Boraginess. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  demulcents  and 
pectorals;  partly  from  their  resemblance  to  lungs* 


PULMONARY 


726 


PULSE 


•ad,  partly,  because  they  have  a  slightly  mu- 
cilaginous taste.  The  plant  is  not  worthy  of  no- 
tice. 

Pulmonaria,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Lichen 
pulmonariug — p.  Gallica,  Uieracium  murorum — 
p.  Officinalis,  Pulmonaria. 

PUL'MONARY,  Pulmonale,  Pulmona'U: 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  lungs.  A 
name  given  to  various  parts. 

Pulmonary  Artery,  Arte'ria  pvlmona'rie, 
Vena  arterio'ta,  arises  from  the  upper  and  left 
part  of  the  right  ventricle  of  the  heart ;  whence 
it  passes  obliquely  upwards  and  to  the  left  side ; 
dividing  into  two  trunks,  opposite  the  second 
dorsal  vertebra  — one  passing  to  each  lung.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  valves.  It  carries  the  blood  to  the 
lungs  for  aeration. 

Pulmonary  Matter,  Black,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary  Plexus,  Plexnt  pulmona'Hs.  A 
considerable  nervous  network,  situate  behind  the 
bronchia,  which  is  formed  by  the  filaments  of  the 
pneumogastrio  nerve  or  par  vagum,  and  by  other 
filaments  from  the  inferior  cervical  ganglion  and 
the  first  thoracic  ganglia.  This  plexus  forms  a 
kind  of  areolar  web,  with  numerous  meshes  of 
different  sizes,  in  which  vessels  are  lodged,  sur- 
rounded by  much  areolar  tissue.  This  plexus 
sends  filaments  to  the  bronchia,  which  they  ac- 
company to  their  extremities. 

Pulmonary  Veiws,  Veins  pidmona'ret,  Arte'- 
rim  veno'ta.  These  arise  in  the  lungs  from  the 
final  terminations  of  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name ;  collect  in  ramusculi  and  rami  of  greater 
and  greater  size,  and  ultimately  unite  in  four 
trunks;  two  of  which  issue  from  each  lung  to 
open  into  the  left  auriole  of  the  heart  The  pul- 
monary veins  have  the  same  structure  as  the 
other  veins  of  the  body ;  from  which  they  differ, 
in  containing  arterial  blood,  as  the  pulmonary 
artery  differs  from  the  others  in  conveying  venous 
blood.  They  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart 
after  aeration. 

PULMONES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasia  pul- 
monura. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  Pneumonia. 

PULMONIC,  Pulmon'iciu,  Pneumon'icue,  Pul- 
mona'rius,  Pneumon'ic.  One  affected  with  phthisis 
—one  labouring  under  diseases  of  the  lungs.  Any 
thing  relating  or  belonging  to  the  lungs.  A  me- 
dicine for  the  lungs. 


PULP,  Pulpa,  Pulpa*  men,  San.  Th«  loftad 
parenchymatous  parts  of  vegetables  reduced  hi 
paste  by  the  operation  of  pulping. 

Pulp  op  the  Tooth,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  CASSLfi,  see  Cassia  fistula— p.  Da- 
ds, Dental  pulp — p.  Pruni,  see  Pruni  pulpa— a 
Prunorum  sylvestrium  condita,  Coneern  pnui 
sylvestris —  p.  Tamarindi,  see  Tamarindi  polpa. 

Pulp  A  Testis,  Paren'chyma  tettu.  The  pa- 
renchyma of  the  testis. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 

PULPE  DENT  AIRE,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPEZIA,  Apoplexy. 

PULPING,  Pulpa'tion,  Pulpa'tio.  An  edi- 
tion —  the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  eertiii 
vegetable  substances  to  a  palp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  tka 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of  a 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pulper,  (F.)  Puipirt. 

PULPOIRE,  see  Pulping. 

PULQUE,  see  Agave  Americana 

PULS  EX  OVIS  et  LACTE,  Oogala 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS,  Anemone  £»• 
tensis — p.  Pratensis,  Anemone  pratenfls- p>  »■■ 
garis,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

PULSATILLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pnte* 
— p,  det  Prit,  Anemone  pratensis, 

PULSATIO,  Pulsation— p.  Cordis,  Palpta** 

PULSA'TION,  Pulta'tio,  Sphygmot,  Sfkp* 
Pede'eie,  Pedeth'tnoe,  (F.)  Battemnt.  The  bal- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  AIeo,  the  baasj 
felt  in  an  inflamed  part 

PULSATIVUS,  Throbbing. 

PUL8ATORY,  Throbbing.  , , 

PULSE,  from  puUo,  'I beat,-'  Pnkm,^' 
tio,  Pultut  cordis  et  arteria'rum,  Ict*9*ri*  * 
arteria'rvm,  Incur' tut  arteria'rum,  Sj»*#** 
Sphygma,  Diatphyx'is,  (P.)  Ponk.  Beatinf « 
the  arteries,  produced  by  the  afflux  of  the  W 
propelled  by  the  heart  in  its  contractions.  W 
the  sake  of  convenience,  we  choose  the  n** 
artery  at  the  wrist  to  detect  the  preciw  ch*** 
of  the  pulse.  These  characters  relate  »  ^ 
number  of  pulsations  in  a  given  time;  to  tier 
degrees  of  quickness ;  hardness  and  streDF; t; 
the  equality  or  inequality  either  of  the  pab^1 
themselves  or  of  their  intervals;  tothedw 
ment  or  fulness  of  the  artery,  and  to  the  dtf#* 
impressions  it  may  produce  on  the  finger. 

The  following  estimates  have  been  made  c.w 
pulse  at  various  ages : 


Aget. 


In  the  embryo . 

At  birth 

One  month .... 

One  year 

Two  years 

Three  years. . . . 
Seven  years  . . . 
Twelve  years.. 

Puberty 

Adult  age 

Old  age 


Number  of  Beatt  per  minute,  «ew**  » 


Hkbiedbk. 


130  to  140 

120 
130  to  108 
108  to  90 
90  to  80 

78 

70 


SO'MMBJUXO. 


120 
110 
90 


80 
70 


MCUB. 


1» 


115  w  » 
100  to  1« 

JOtolJ 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  pulse  of  the  aged 
Is  less  frequent^  but  the  contrary.  In  general  it 
is  more  frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  per- 
sons, than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tem- 
perament In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  be- 
sides having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is 
neither  hard  nor  unusually  soft;  it  is  moderately 
developed ;  of  a  medium  strength ;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  regards  the  pulsations  and  their 
Intervals     In  diseases  it  wanders,  more  or  less, 


from  these  physiological  conditions.  Tb#Jj£ 
rent  characters  of  the  pulse  that  ton**Z 
corded,  are  remarkably  numerous.  I» » j**"J 
ary,  it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  aluwofl £■£ 
of  them  are  not  "now  regarded,  and  some  n*4 
dioulous.  ,«vlUi  IM- 

PULSE, Ardbht,  Pultut  ardent,  {¥.)  r**r* 
<Unt,  Poul*  Slevt.    One  which  seems  ton* ■» 
to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger.        . 
Pulse,  Cap'riiawt,  PulewOapri**,^ 


ea<Ur*an*,  /*.  gazeu'an*,  P.  fiua'tt*,  uoatUap 
puUe,  (F.)  Poul*  capri*anL  One  which  seems  to 
leap,  as  it  were ;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of  the 
artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a  stronger 
one. 

Pulse,  Complex,  (F.)  Poul*  combine"  on  com- 
po*€,  P.  complin ui.  A  pulse  which  has  the  cha- 
racter of  several  critical  poises  united. 

Pulse,  Contracted,  (F.)  Poul*  terri,  P.  con- 
centre". One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow,  deep, 
and  slightly  hard. 

Pulsb,  Convul'stve,  PuUu*  convuUi'vns,  (F.) 
PouU  convuUif.  That  which  is  unequally  fre- 
quent or  unequally  hard j  in  short,  which  resem- 
bles the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular  fibre 
in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Crit'ical,  PuUu*  critic**.  A  pulse 
whieh,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  Ac 

Pulse,  Degurtate,  Pulsus  myurus:  see,  also, 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Ptdsu*  profundus,  (F.)  PouU 
pro/ond.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without  diffi- 
culty, and  without  strong  pressure  by  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Depigment,  Pulsus  deficient,  P.  Flick- 
ering, Pulsus  an'nuen*  et  circum'nuen*,  (F.)  Poul* 
defaillant,  P.  insensible.  One  which  Beems,  every 
instant,  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  PuUu*  depressus,  (F.) 
Poul*  dlprimi.    That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Devrl'oped,  (F.)  Poul*  dtveloppi. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pulse,  Dicrot'ic,  PuUu*  Di'crotus,  P.  bi'cro- 
tut,  P.  intettina'li*,  P.  bifefrient,  P.  mallea'ri*, 
P.  interci'su*,  (F.)  P.  dicrote,  P.  rebondi**ant,  P. 
redoubli.  That  in  which  the  finger  is  struck 
twice  at  each  pulsation ;  once  lightly,  the  other 
time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pul»u*  aqua' lis.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  PuUu*  febri'li*.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  Weak,  Pul*u*  deb' Hit,  (F.) 
PouU  faible.    One  which  strikes  the  finger  feebly. 

Pulse,  Fil'iporm,  P.  thready.  One  which  re- 
sembles a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient 

Pulse,  Form'icant,  Pulsus  formi'can*,  (F.) 
PouU  form  icant.  One  which  resembles,  by  being 
small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion  of  an 
ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  P.  agiti,  P.  prtdpitt. 
One  which  strikes  more  frequently  than  usual  in 
a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Pul*u*  plenu*,  (F.)  PouU  plein. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion  in 
the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprisant. 

Pulse,  Gut'tural,  PuUu*  gnttvra'li*,  (F.) 
PouU  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup 
posed  to  indicate  the  termination  of  affections 
of  the  throat 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pul*u*  duru*,  (F.)  PouU  dur, 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse,  Hectic,  PuUu*  Kec'ticus.  The  weak, 
frequent  pulse  observed  in  hectic  fever. 

Pulse,  Hemorrhoid' al,  (F.)  PouU  de*  He- 
morrhoid e*.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the 
appearance  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  de- 
scribed ns  unequal;  —  the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

PuLflE,  Hepat'ic,  (F.)  PouU  du  Foie.  A  pulse 
imagined  to  indicate  affections  of  the  liver.  It  is 
Dot  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Inferior,  (F.)  PouU  inftrieur,  P.  ab- 
dominal, P.  ventral.  One  supposed  to  announce 
evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 


Pulbx,  Intercur'rent,  PuUu*  intercurrent 
sen  inter'ciden*.  One  in  which  a  superfluous 
pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to  time. 

Pulse,  Intermittent,  (F.)  PouU  intercadenU 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tinal,  (F.)  PouU  de*  inte*tin*, 
P.  de  la  diarrhie.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed  to 
announce  an  evacuation  by  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  Intricate,  PuUu*  intrica'tn*,  (F.) 
PouU  embarrassie.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloped and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Irreq'ular,  PuUu*  anorma'li*.  One 
whose  pulsations  are  unequal,  and  return  at  un- 
equal intervals. 

Pulse  op  Irrita'tion,  PuUu*  ab  irritatio'ni 
seu  nervi'uu*  seu  acrit'icu*.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  contracted. 

Pulse,  Jarring,  P.  vibrating — p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  sharp. 

Pulse,  Languid,  (F.)  PouU  langui—ant.  A 
slow  and  feeble  pulse. 

Pulsb,  Large,  PuUu*  cra**u*,  P.  magnu*,  (F.) 
PouU  grand,  P.  large.  That  which  is  large  and 
full. 

Pulse,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  to 
a  great  extent  in  length. 

Pulse,  Low,  Pulsus  hu'milis,  (F.)  PouU  ba*. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  are  scarcely  percep- 
tible. 

Pulse,  Nasal,  (F.)  PouU  natal,  P.  capital, 
P.  du  Net.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end 
of  an  irritation  in  the  nasal  fossae. 

Pulse,  Nat'ural,  (F.)  PouU  naturel  de* 
adult**,  P.  par/ait,  P.  de*  adulte*,  P.  modert. 
One  that  is  equal  and  regular  in  strength  and 
frequency ;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hardness. 

Pulse,  Organic,  (F.)  PouU  organique.  One 
which  indicates  the  affected  organ,  or  the  organ 
by  which  an  evacuation  will  tako  place. 

Pulse,  Pfc'toral,  (F.)  Poul*  de  Vexpectora* 
tion.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termina- 
tion of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse,  Quick.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Reg'ular,  PuUu*  nortna'li*  ant  regu- 
la'ri*.  One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and  suc- 
ceed each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Kesist'ing,  (F.)  PouU  rSsisiant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

Pulse,  Sharp,  (F.)  PouU  prompt,  P.  vite,  P. 
vif.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply,  ra- 
pidly. When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  called  a 
jerking  pulse. 

Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus:  see 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Simple,  PuUu*  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

Pulse,  Slow,  Pulsus  tardus,  P.  rarus,  (F.) 
PouU  lent,  P.  tardif,  P.  rare.  One  which  strikes 
the  finger  slowly. 

Pulse,  Small,  Pul*u*  parvu;  (F.)  PouU  petit. 
One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Soft,  PuUu*  mollis,  (F.)  PouU  mom. 
One  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Poul*  stomacal,  P. 
de  festomac.  One  supposed  to  announce  an  eva- 
cuation by  the  stomach. 

Pulse,  Strong,  PuUu*  forti*,  (F.)  PouU  fort, 
P.  v4htment.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
strongly. 

Pulse,  Supe'rior,  PuUu*  Superior,  (F.)  PouU 
*upSrieur.  A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on  irri- 
tation of  organs  situate  above  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Supple,  PuUu*  elas'ticus,  (F.)  PouU 
souple.  One  in  which  the  pulsations  have  strength 
without  hardness. 

Pulse  of  Sweat,  Pulsus  Sudora'li*,  (F.)  PouU 


jrvnonuaoa 


Sudoral,  P.  de  la  sueur.  A  critical  poise,  indi- 
cating an  approaching  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tense,  P.  Cordy,  PuUu*  teneus,  (F.) 
Pauls  tendu,  P.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
resembles  a  cord  fixed  at  its  two  extremities. 
When  resembling  a  wire,  it  is  called  wiry. 

Pulse,  Thready,  P.  filiform. 

Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'ulus,  (F.) 
PonU  tremblant,  P.  palpitant.  One  in  which 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

.  Pulse,  Un'dulating,  PuUu*  Jluctuo'su*,  P. 
fluent,  P.  in'eiden*  Sola'ni,  (F.)  PouU  ondulant, 
P.  ondoyanU  One  which  resembles,  in  its  move- 
ments, those  of  the  waves. 

Pulse,  Une'qual,  Pulsus  in&qua'lu,  (F.) 
Pouls  irUgal.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not 
•like,  or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pulse,  U'rinal,  Pulsus  urina'lis,  (F.)  Pouls 
deP  Urine.  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

Pulse,  U'terdte,  Pulsus  uteri' nus,  (F.)  PouU 
Uterine,  P.  de  la  Matrice,  P.  dts  Rlgies.  One 
which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  menses,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,  Venous,  Pulsus  venarum.  * 

Pulse,  Vermic'ular.  That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vi'bratino,  Jarring  Pulse.  One  in 
which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a  musical 
string. 

Pulse,  Wirt,  see  Pulse,  tense. 

PULSELESS,  A*phyc'to*,  Devoid  of  pulsation. 

PULSELESSNESS,  Asphyxia.     ' 

PULSIF'IC,  PuUi/'icu*;  from  puisne,  'pulse/ 
That  which  causes  or  excites  pulsation. 

PULSILE'GIUM,  PuUilo'giunx,  Puleim'eter, 
from  pulsus,  'the  pulse,'  and  lego,  'I  tell.' 
Sphygmometer,  Sphygmotcop'ium.  Any  instru- 
ment for  measuring  the  quickness  or  force  of  the 
pulse. 

PULSIMANTFA ;  from  pulsus  and  ftavrtta, 
'  divination.'  The  art  of  predicting  or  prognosti- 
cating by  the  pulse. 

PUL8IMETER,  Pnlsilegium. 

PULSUS,  Pulse— p.  Acriticus,  Pulse  of  irrita- 
tion —  p.  JSqualis,  Pulse,  equal  —  p.  Annuens  et 
ciroumnuens,  Pulse,  deficient — p.  Anormalis, 
Pulse,  irregular — p.  Bicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Biferiens,  P.  dicrotus  —  p.  Caprizans,  Pdlse,  ca- 
prizant— p.  Crassus,  Pulse,  large  —  p.  Debilis, 
Pulse,  feeble  —  p.  Deficiens,  Pulse,  deficient — p. 
Dicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p.  Doroadissans,  Pulse, 
caprizant — p.  Durus,  Pulse,  hard  —  p.  Elasticus, 
Pulse,  supple — p.  Flnctaosus,  Pulse,  undulating — 
p.  Fluens,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans,  For- 
mieant,  and  Pulse,  formicant — p.  Fortis,  Pulse, 
strong — p.  Fusalis,  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Gazel- 
lans,  Pulse,  caprizant — p.  Heteroohronicus,  see 
Heterochronicus — p.  Humilis,  Pulse,  Low — p.  In- 
cident Solani,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Intercidens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic 
— p.  Intercisus,  Pulse,  dicrotio — p.  Intercurrens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Intestinalis,  Pulse,  dicro- 
tio— p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate — p.  Magnus, 
Pulse,  large — p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  Pulse,  deeurtate;  P.  sharp- 
tailed,  (F.)  PouU  myure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.     See  Myurus. 

Pulsus  Nbrvtrus,  Pulse  of  irritation— p.  Nor- 
malis,  Pulse,  regular — p.  Parvus,  Pulse,  small — 
p.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full— p.  Ranis,  Pulse,  slow. 

Pul'sus  Ssrri'hus,  (F.)  PouU  eerrin,  P.  *er- 
ratile.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
at  others  feebly,  and  recalls  the  idea  of  a  saw. 

Pulsus  Striatus,  (F.)  Pouls  itroit.  One  that 
strikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in  breadth. 

Pulsus  Suporalib,  Pulse  of  sweat — p.  Tardus, 


Pulse,  slow— p.  Urmalis,  Poise,  urinal— p.  tilt 
rinus,  Pulse,  uterine. 

Pulsus  Vac'uus,  (F.)  Pouls  vide.  One  irhid 
gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

Pulsus  Vbka'rum,  Venous  Pult,  Pkltbopa'li*. 

A  pulsation  occasionally  noticed  in  the  jugular 
veins.  It  is  owing  to  some  of  the  blood  of  tst 
right  ventricle  reflowing  into  the  right  anridi, 
and  communicating  an  impulse  to  the  ratou 
blood  arriving  in  the  auricle  through  the  defeat- 
ing cava.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impediment  to  the 
flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary  srterj. 

PULTATIO,  Atheroma. 

PULTICE,  Cataplasm. 

PULTICULA,  BouiUie. 

PULVERES  EFFERVESCENTES,Povden, 
soda. 

PULVERI'ZABLE,  PufverabU.  Capable  ef 
being  reduced  to  powder. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  PuUeriea'tie,  P«W- 
tio,  (F.)  Pulverisation,  from  pulvis,  'dust,-'  Com- 
ostoJeis.  Tho  operation  of  dividing  tnbstow*, 
so  as  to  reduce  them  to  powder. 

Most  drugs  are  reduced  to  powder  by  peneH 
who  make  it  a  special  business,  sad  who  m 
called  drug-grinder*.  This  is  done  oo  a  krgi 
scale  in  drug  mills;  and  the  implements  used  at 
the  grinding  mill  and  the  stamping  milL  la  tat 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  pulverisation  is  elected 
by  the  pestle  and  mortar,  and  the  sieve. 

Where  substances  require  the  addition  of  other 
bodies  to  facilitate  their  reduction  to  powder,- 
as  where  camphor  needs  a  few  drops  of  alcohol- 
the  process  is  called  pulverization  by  nediati*- 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Sourdonnet-f.  eli* 
mentis  confectus,  Bourdonnet  —  p.  Retssfe 
Bourdonnet. 

PULVI'NAR,  Pulvina'rium.    A  pillow. 

Pulvik ar  Humult,  see  Humulus  lupulos. 

PULVINAR  MEDICA'TUM  SOU  MePICIXa'^^ 

cuius  medieina'lU.  A  medicated  pillow;  ■  » 
hops. 

Pdlvihar  Parvum,  Pad— p.  Ventncoli,  P«- 
creas. 

PULVINULUS,  Pad. 

PULVIS,  Conis,  (F.)  Poudre.  A  sabrtu* 
reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulreraats* 
Simple  powders  are  those  of  a  single  n******: 
compound,  those  which  result  from  a  nuxtait tf 
several  different  powders.  An  impalpabU  f*& 
is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely  be  m 
under  the  finger.  A  compound  powder  «* 
formerly,  called  Specie*,  (F.)  Espect. 

Pulvis  Absorbenb,  P.  de  magnesia  «*?*' 
p.  Adspersorius,  Catapasma — p.  Alejiterim,  "• 
contrayervse  eomp. —  p.  Alexiterius,  P.  ipsa* 
anhss  compositus — p.  Algarothi,  Algarotb. 

Pulvt8  Aloes  Compos'itus,  OompondfM** 
of  Aloes,  Pulvis  Aloe*  earn  Guai'aco,  P.  <*&** 
cum  Ouaiaeo.  (Alois  spicat.  ext  ^iss,  f*** 
gum.  re*.  §j,  pulv.  einnam.  comp.  Jsa.  R«&  w 
aloes  and  guaiacum  separately,  then  vixAt 
whole.  Pa.  X.)  Cathartic,  stomachic,  sad  m*> 
rifle.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Caxel'la,  Puhi*  «** f* 
canell*,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Ponder  of  Aloe*  ■*•*  <*■* 
Specie*  Hi' em  pier**,  Siera  picra,  PnUis  AW£ 
icu*.  {Aloe*  Xbj.  canelL  3iij.  Rub  septus* 
into  a  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  80  A  «■ 
cathartic.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  j)j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  ***P? 
tus — p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  canella— p-Ak 
eticus,  Hiera  picra — p.  AJuminosns,  P.  •■J00*? 
alumina)  compositus— p.  Akiminis  eompotit*^1, 
sulphatis  aluminsB  compositus — p.  Aluauais  si** 
satus,  see  P.  sulphatis  alumina  compoeitea 

Pultis  de  Ama'ris  Compos'itcs,  PuUuf- 
arthrit'ieu*  ama'ru*,  (F.)  Poudre  anttartkH^ 


amire.  (Bad.  gentian.,  aristoloch.  rotund.,  ai  p. 
3,  fior.  centaur,  min.  p.  4,  foL  chamadr.,  ehama- 
pith.  manipuL — t  pulvis,  Ph.  P.)  In  goaty  af- 
fections, dyspepsia,  Ac.    Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvib  Ahgeucvs,  Algaroth — p.  Anedynus, 
P.  ipecacuanhas  oomp.  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  oretsd 
tompositus —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia 
tompos.-«-p.  Antiarthritious  amarus,  P.  de  ama- 
ria  compositus— p.  Antiarthritious  purgans,  P.  de 
senna,  scammonea  et  lignis->-p.  Antiasthmaticus, 
P.  de  sulphure  et  soillA. 

Pulvis  Ahtilts'sus,  Mead?*  Powder  against 
the  bite  of  a  mad  dog.  It  consisted  of  ash-coloured 
l-'verwort  in  powder,  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
black  pepper;  a  drachm  and  a  half  of  the  two 
forming  a  dose  for  an  adult 

Polyis  Antimonialis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  db  Aro  Compos'itus,  Compound  Pow- 
der of  Arum,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Birckmann,  (Had. 
ari,  acori  vert,  pimpinelL  saxifrag.  a&  40  p.  ocul. 
eaneror.  ppt.  12  p.,  einnam.  7  p.,  potassa  tulph. 
6  p.,  ammonia  muriat.  2  p. — f.  pulr.  Ph.  P.) 
Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P.  einnamomi  compositus. 

Pulvxb  As 'ari  Compos'itus,  P.  stemutato'- 
riua,  P.  errhi'nue,  P.  capita' lis  Sancti  An'geli,  P. 
eephal'icus,  Cephalic  snuff;  Compound  powder  of 
Asarabac'ca,  (F.)  Poudre  d'asarum  eompoeie  dite 
stemutatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Ange.  (Folior.  asar. 
Europ.  p.  tres.,/oZ.  origan.  major  ana,  Jlor.  lavand. 
epic,  sing.  p.  1.  Rub  into  powder.  Ph.L.)  Ster- 
nutatory. 

Pdlyis  Auri,  see  Gold— p.  e.  Bolo  eompositns 
cum  opio,  P.  cret®  composituB  eum  opio — p.  e. 
Bolo  eompositns  sine  opio,  seo  P.  cretae  composi- 
tus — p.  GambogisB  eompositns,  P.  e.  gummi  gutta 
— p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pulvis  asari  oompo- 
situs — p.  Carbonatis  oalcis  compositus,  P.  cretse 
compositus — p.  Cardiacus,  P.  oontrayerva)  comp. 
—p.  Garthusianorum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — p.  Cathartieus,  P.  scammonese  comp. — p. 
Cephalicus,  P.  asari  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinxamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Oin'namon,  Pulvis  seu  Spe'dee  Impe- 
rato'ris,  P.  vita  Imperato'ris,  P.  Diaro'maton, 
Species  diacinnamo'mi,  S.  latifican'tes  Rhazie, 
Tra'gea  aromafica,  Species  Diam'bra  sine  odo- 
ra'tis,  Species  aromafica,  Pulvis  aromaticus  (Ph. 
TJ.  S.),  Aromatic  powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  caneUe 
eompoeie  ou  aromatique.  (Oinnam.,  ttingib.  aa 
5ij,  cardam.,  myrist.  aa  ^j.  Kub  to  a  fine  powder. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose, 
gr.zto9j. 

Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquikbn'bis.  The  fa- 
mous Tonquin  powder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Mr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  16  grains 
of  musk,  and  48  grains  of  cinnabar;  and  was 
mixed  in  a  gill  'of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  a  specific  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Gomjtib  Warwicensis,  P.  Cornachini 
—  p.  Comitissas,  Cinchona. 

Pulvib  Contrater'v*  Compos  'mrs,  Lapis 
oontrayerva,  Oontrayerva  balls,  Compound  Powder 
of  Contrayer'va,  Pulvis  cardi'acus,  P.  alexite'rius, 
P.  Mantua' nm.  (Ckmtrayerv.  rad.  oontrit  Jv, 
test.  prop,  miss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  gse. 

Pulvis  Cornachi'ht,  Diaceltates'son  Paracelsi, 
Earl  of  WarwicVs  Powder,  Pulvis  Ox'ydi  Stib'ii 
compos'itus,  Pulvis  Com'itis  Warwicen'sis,  Pulvis 
de  Tribue,  Cer'berus  Triceps,  Pulvis  Scammo'nii 
antimonia'lis,  (F. )  Poudre  Oornaehine.  (Seammon. 
Alep.,  potass,  eupertart.,  antim.  diaph.  aa  p.  80.  f. 
pulvis.  Ph.  P.)  Cathartic.  Used  chiefly  in  cu- 
taneous diseases.    Dose,  5Jss  to  gj. 

Pulvib  Corhu  Ubti  Cum  O'pio,  Pulvis  opia'tus, 

Powder  of  Burnt  Hartshorn  with  opium,  (F.) 

'  Poudro  de  corns  brulee  avee  V opium.    (Opii  auri 


conk  Zj,  corn.  usL  prmp.  $),  coccor.  conL  jjj. 
Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Anodyne. 

Pulvib  Crktageus,  P.  ere  to  compositus. 

Pulvib  Creta  Compos'itus,  P.  Carbona'tis 
Caleis  compositus,  Compound  Powder  of  chalk,  P. 
creta'cjeus,  Spe'cies  e  Scordio  sine  opio,  Diasoorf- 
dium,  Pulvis  antac"idus,  P.  terres'tris,  Species 
Diacre'ta,  (with  Bole  Armeniao  in  place  of  ohalk 
—  the  Pulvis  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,)  (F.) 
Poudre  de  craie  eompoeie.  (  Cretan  ppt.  Ibss,  ein- 
nam. cort.  £iv,  torment  ill.  rad.,  acacia  gum.,  sing 
Jiij,  pip.  long.fruct.  giv.  Reduce  separately  to 
a  fine  powder,  and  mix.    Ph.  L.)  Antacid,  sto- 


machic", absorbent    Dose,  gr.  xx  to  Qy. 
Pulvis  Cretjs  Compos'itus  cum  O'pio, 


Com- 


pound Powder  of  Chalk  with  opium,  Pulvis  e 
Oretd  compositus  cum  opio  (with  Bole  Armenia© 
instead  of  chalk — Pulvis  e  Bolo  compositus  cum 
opio,)  Species  e  Scordio  cum  oitio,  (F.)  Poudre  de 
craie  eompoeie  avee  V opium.  (Pulv.  cret.  c.  2£vj88, 
opii  <fart  cont.  9iv.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Contains  one 
grain  of  opium  in  40.  Anodyne  and  absorbent. 
Dose,  9j  to  9y. 

Pulvis  Diaphoreticus,  P.  ipecacuanha)  cemp. 
— p.  Diapnoious,  P.  ipecacuanha)  comp. — p.  Dia- 
romaton,  P.  einnamomi  eompositns — p.  Diasense 
P.  sennw  compos. — p.  Diaturpethi  compositus,  P. 
jalapse  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ducis  Portlan'dl«,  Duke  of  PorU 
land's  Gout  Powder.  (Bad.  aristoloch.,  gentiana, 
summit,  chamadr.,  centaur,  min.  aa  p.  88.)  Dose, 
3»«  to  3J. 

Pulvis  Emmeicaqogus,  P.  myrrhso  compositus 
—  p.  Epilepticus  Marchionnm,  P.  de  magnesia 
compositus  —  p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  compositus  — 
p.  Galactopoeus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

Pulvis  e  Gummi  Gutta,  P.  Cambo'gia  compo- 
situs, P.  hydrago'gus,  Camboge  Powder,  (F.)  Pou- 
dre hydragogue  ou  de  gomme  gutte,  P.  de  Querce- 
ta'nus.  (Bad.  jalap.  24  p.,  rad.  mechoacan.  12 
p.,  einnam.,  rhei.  aa  8  p.,  gum.  cambog.  3.  p.,  fol. 
soldanella  sice.  6  p.,  semin.  anisi  12  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  anasarca  and 
in  worms.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pulvis  Gummo'sus  Alkali'nus,  Sapo  vegeta'*. 
bilis,  (F.)  Poudre  de  savon  vigitaL  (Guaiac. 
pulv.  32.  p.,  potass,  carb.  4  p.  Make  into  a 
powder.    Ph.  P.)    Antacid. 

Pulvis  ex  Helminthocort'o  Compos'itus,  P. 
vermif'ugus  absque  mercu'rio,  (F.)  Poudre  vermi- 
fuge sans  mercure.  (Fuc.  hehninthocort.,  sem, 
contra.,  summitat.  absinth.,  tanaceti,  fol.  scordii, 
senna,  rhei.  aa  p.  aa,  fiat  pulvis.    Ph.  P.)    Dose, 

Bjtog. 

Pulvis  Htdraoogub,  P.  e  gummi  gutta — p. 
Hydrargyri  cine  reus,  seo  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  p.  Hypnoticns,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum nigrum  —  p.  Imperatoris,  P.  einnamomi 
compositus — p.  Incisivns,  P.  de  sulphure  et  soflla 
— p.  Pro  infantibus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p. 
Infantum,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p.  Infantum 
antacidus,  P.  de  magnesia  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuah'hjE  Compos'itus,  P.  alexi- 
te'rius,  P.  anod'ynus,  P.  diaphoret'icus,  P.  diap- 
no'icus,  P.  sudonf'icus  Dove'ri,  Compound  powder 
of  Ipecacuanha,  P.  Ipecacuanha  ct  Opii  (Ph.  U. 
&.),  Dover's  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Dover  eu 
oVipecacuanha  et  cFopium,  P.  de  Dower.  (Ipeca. 
cuanh.  pulv.,  opii  pulv.,  sing  £j,  potassa  sutphaU 
gj.  Mix.)    Diaphoretic     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xij. 

Pulvis  Ipboacuajtbls  et  Opii,  P.  ipecacuanhas 
compos. 

Pulvis  Jalap' a  Compos'itus,  P.  Diaturpe,th% 
compositus,  Compound  powder  of  Jalap,  PulvU 
laxans,  P.  Purgans,  P.  lazati'vus  vegetab'ilis,  P. 
laxans  cum  sail,  P.  Jalap' a  sali'nus,  P.  j.  tartar** 
icus,  Spe'cies  Diajalapa,  (F.)  Poudre  de  jot*} 


PULVIS 


730 


PTJNCTIO 


fmpoeie.     (Pulv.  jalap.  3j,  potass.  bitarL  Jjj. 
Mix.)    Cathartic     Dose,  ^j  to  !tfj. 

Pulvis  Jalaps  Salinus,  P.  jalaps  composi- 
tes— p.  Jalaps  tartaricus,  P.  jalaps  composites 
—  p.  de  Jalapa  et  scammonio  composites,  P. 
scammones  comp. — p.  Jamesii,  Antimonial  pow- 
der— p.  Jesuiticus,  Cinchona — p.  Joannis  de  Vigo, 
Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Pulvis  Kino  Compos'itus,  Compound  Powder 
of  kino,  (F.)  Poudre  de  kino  composie.  (Kino 
3 iv,  cort.  cinnam.  !Jiv,  opii  duri  5Jj.  Bab  each 
to  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  X.)  Astringent  Dose, 
gr.  t  to  xx. 

Pulyis  Laxans,  P.  jalaps  composites  —  p. 
Laxans  cam  sale,  P.  jalaps  composites — p.  Lax- 
ativus  regetabilis,  P.  jalaps  composites. 

Pulyis  de  Magne'bia  Compos'itus,  P.  Oalac- 
topas'us,  P.  Nutri'cum,  P.  In/an' turn,  P.  Infantum 
antac"idu*,  P.  pro  Infan'tibus,  P.  antiac"idus,  P. 
absor'bens,  P.  epUep'ticus  Marchio'num,  Compound 
powder  of  Mamie' si  a,  (F.)  Poxidre  absorbante  et 
anti-acide.  (Magnetics,  sacchar.  &ft  p.  ce.  Mix. 
Ph.  P.) 

Pulyis  Mantua*  us,  P.  contrayervs  comp.  — 
p.  Harchioni8,  Harchionis  Pulvis— p.  Mercarialis 
dnereus,  Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum  —  p.  ad 
Muoum  palmonalem  liberias  ciendam,  P.  de  sul- 
phare  et  scilla. 

Pulyis  Myrrh^e  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Myrrhd 
compositus,  Compound  Myrrh  Powder,  Pulvis  ad 
ul'eera  tend'innm,  P.  Emmenago'gus,  (F.)  Poudre 
Balsamique.  (Myrrha,  sabina,  ruta,  castor.  Hues. 
**  3i»)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emme- 
nagogue.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xL 

Pulyis  Nutricum,  P.  de  magnesia  composites 
—p.  Opiates,  P.  cornu  usti  cum  opio  —  p.  Oxydi 
stJbii  composites,  P.  cornachini  —  p.  Parteriens, 
Ergot  —  p.  de  Phosphate  calcis  et  stibii  composi- 
tes, Antimonial  powder — p.  Principis,  Hydrargyri 
nitrioo-oxydum  —  p.  Purgans,  P.  jalaps  compo- 
sites —  p.  Quercetanus,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

Pulyis  Quercub  Mari'njb,  Powder  of  Yellow 
Bladder -Wrack.  (Tho  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible,  with 
a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  powder. 
Ph.  D.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine:  used,  con- 
sequently, in  bronchocele,  Ac  Dose,  gr.  x  to  xl. 
See  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

Pulyis  Scammo'ne.s  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Scammony,  Pulvis  e  Scammonio  com- 
positus, Pulvis  Scammonii,  Pulvis  de  Jalapd  et 
Scammo'nio  compositus  dictus  Cathar'ticus,  (F.) 
Poudre  cathartique  ou  Poudre  de  Scammonee  com- 
posie.  (Scammon.,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  sing.,  ^ij, 
uingib.  rod.  Jss.  Rub  separately  to  powder  and 
mix.   Ph.  £.)   Cathartic.   Dose,  gr.  viij  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulyis  Scammo'kii  cum  AloE,  P.  e  Scammonio 
cum  Aloi,  Scammony  and  Aloe*  Powder.     (Scam 
mon.  <|vj,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  aloes  Socotr.  ai  ^iss, 
Ming.  388.)     Cathartic    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Pulyis  Scammonii  Antimonialis,  P.  corna- 
chini. 

Pulyis  Sennas  Compos'itus,  Compound  powder 
of  Senna,  Pulvis  e  Send  compositus,  P.  e  Sennd 
compositus,  Pulvis  Diase'na,  (F.)  Poudre  de  tint 
composie.  (Senna  folior.,  potass,  supertart.  sing. 
Zij,  scammon.  Jss,  rad.  nngib.  !Jy.  Ph.  L.)  Ca- 
thartic, hydragogue.     Dose,  J)j  to  $. 

Pulyis  db  Senna,  Scammo'nio  et  Lionis  Com- 
pos'itus dictus  Antiarthrit'icus  Purgans,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  Perard.  (Gum  Arab.,  potass,  super- 
tart.,  fol.  senna,  china,  ai  4  p.,  scammon.,  rad. 
sarsapar.,  china,  guaiae.  lign.  U  2  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)   Purgative.   Used  to  obviate  gout   Dose, 

ft* 

Pulyis  Stanni,  see  Tin— p.  Sternutatorins,  P. 
•pari  composites— p.  Stibiatus,  Antimonial  pow- 


der— p.  Stypticns,  P.  Sulphatis  ahmiaa  eoav 
positus — p.  Sudorificns,  P.  ipecacuanha  comp.- 
p.  Sudorificns  Doveri,  P.  Ipecacnanhsj  coop* 
sites. 

Pulyis  Sulpha'tis  Alu'min^  Coaros'im, 
P.  alumino'sus,  P.  alu'miuis  kinosa'tss,  P*ku 
styp'ticus,  Pulvis  alwminis  compositus,  ifaW 
kinosa'tum,  Compound  Alum  Powder.  (f.)Pmdn 
styptique  on  cTalun  composie.  (Sulphatii  abmi- 
na,  p.  iv,  kino,  p.  1.  Ph.  E.)  Astragal  b 
intestinal  hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.  Do*t,gr. 
x  to  XY. 

Pulyis  de  Sul'phurS  et  Semi,  P.  4»£ 
asthmatficus,  P.  Ineisirvus,  P.  ad  mmcim  fshs- 
na'lem  libe'rius  cien'dum,  (F.)  Pomdrt  mcm«  * 
anti-asthmatique.  (Sacchar.  alb.  p.  5,  tslfim. 
lot.  p.  2,  scilla.  siccat  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  p. 
Y  togss. 

Pulyis  db  Sulpha'tI  Potas'sjb  Covpos'im, 
P.  tem'perans  Stah'lii,  (F.)  Poudre  tempera*  m 
StahL  (Potass,  sulph.,  P.  nitraL  ai  9  p.,  ***** 
sulph.  rubr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  Ai  an  uti- 
phlogistic,  and  in  acidity  of  the  fintpamf* 
Dose,  9j  to  9ij. 

Pulyis  e  Sulphure'to  Htdrab'gthiSkk 
et  Scammo'nio,  dictus  VRRMir'cors  Mmcciu'- 
LIS,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuge  mercurieUe.  (W- 
cornachin.,  hydrarg.  sulphuret.  nigr.  recent  p»h 
fia  p.  s.    Mix.    Ph.  P.)    Dose,  9j  to  Jss. 

Pulyis  Sympathetica,  Sympathetic  pewte 
— p.  Temperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  potaas 
compositus — p.  Terrestris,  P.  cret*  compost* 

Pulvis  Traoacan'thjs  Compos'itus,  Sf^ 
Diatragacan'tha  frignida,  Pulviee  Tnpta%'& 
compositus,  Compound  Powder  of  Trag*^ 
(F.)  Poudre  de  gomme  adragant  composie.  \T*+ 
gacanth.  contes.,  acacia  gummi  oor\i.,amyU,^ 
3iss,  sacch.purif.  Jiij.  PA.  L.)  Demokent  Ii 
coughs,  Ac.    Dose,  £s&  to  giij. 

Pulvis  db  Tribus,  P.  cornachini— p.  TinfJ- 
nengis,  P.  Cobbii  —  p.  ad  Ulcera  tendiwa."* 
myrrhs  composites — p.  Vermifngus  sbeqnea*- 
curio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp.— p-Ter: 
mifugus  mercurial  is,  P.  e  sulphnreto  hydr^ 
nigro  et  scammonio— p.  Yits  Imperatortf.  P- fiS' 
namomi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  Lapis  pu'micis,  Pumice,  (F.)  P«« 
Ponce.  This  was  formerly  employed  si  »^" 
cative  and  dentifrice. 

PUMICE,  Pumex. 

PUMILIO,  Nanus. 

PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 

PUMP,  BREAST,  Antlia  lactea-^p.  Ston* 
Antlia  gastrica. 

PUNA,  Veto,  Sorocco,  Soroche,  Merry  i- 
A  eickness  common  in  the  elevated  d»trir>  • 
South  America  and  elsewhere,  which  ataP 
those  unaccustomed  to  breathe  the  rarefied  »»- 
sphere.  It  strongly  resembles  sea-fickDe^'*^ 
a  most  acute  and  depressing  throbbing  it** 
head.  It  does  not  often  affect  the  re?"10* 
considerably. 

PUNA  IS  E,  Cimex. 

PUNAISIE,  Ossna.  ... 

PUNCH,  Rhi'nagra,  from  punjert,  'ttf  F* 
Bepulso'rium,  (F.)  Bepoussoir.  A  *orpc*l  i^* 
ment  used  for  extracting  the  stumps  of  ** 
See  Lever.  ( 

Also,  an  agreeable  alcoholic  drink,  nft^j" 
spirit,  wine,  sugar,  lemon -juice,  and  water.  *^ 
is  sometimes  substituted  in  part  for  the  ****• 
then  forma  Milk  Punch. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONS,  Osafic** 
points  of. 

PUNCTA  MUCOSA,  see  Acne. 

PUNCTICULA,  Petechis.  .  . 

PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Ponctar»-P»  5*^ 
Nenronygme. 


PUNCTUM,  Stitch. 

Punctum  Au'reuu,  Punc'tura  aurea.  For- 
merly, when  an  intestinal  hernia  was  reduced  by 
an  incision  made  through  the  integuments  down 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  a 
golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted,  so  "as  to  pre- 
vent the  descent  of  any  thing  down  the  tunica 
vaginalis.    Hence  the  term. 

Punctum  Sa'liens,  P.  sanguin'eum  sa'liens, 
Glob'ulus  sanguineus,  Functus  ruber  sa'liens. 
The  first  moving  point  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ.  It  has 
been  generally,  but  erroneously,  applied  to  the 
heart  of  the  embryo. 

PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis— p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
tum  aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra,  Punc'tio,  Cente'sis, 
Paracentesis,  Nyxis,  from  pungere,  'to  prick  j* 
TretU  Punctura,  (P.)  Piqure.  A  wound  made 
by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword,  bayonet, 
needle,  thorn,  Ac.  A  puncture  is,  generally,  of 
trifling  consequence ;  but,  sometimes,  it  becomes 
important  from  the  parts  implicated,  and  the 
after  consequences. 

PUNCT'URING.  Same  etymon.  Compunc'- 
tio,  Par  a  cent  e' vis,  (F.)  Ponction.  The  operation 
of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet,  Ac,  any 
natural  or  accidental  cavity,  with  the  view  of 
evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or  accumulated 
therein.     Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of  puncturing. 

PUNCTUS  RUBER  8 ALIENS,  Punctum 
saliens. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Pain  is  said  to  be 
pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a  pointed  instrument 
were  forced  into  the  suffering  part 

PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.  The  Pomegranate, 
Rhoa,  Rhosa,  Grana'tum,  Malogr ana' turn,  (F.) 
Grenadier :  Family,  Myrtoidese.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
sandria  Monogynia.  The  rind  of  the  fruit,  called 
Malicho'rium,  Malacorium,  or  Malieorium;  and 
the  flowers — called  Balaustine  /lowers — are  used 
in  medicine.  They  have  been  employed  both  in- 
ternally and  externally  as  astringents.  The  seeds 
are  called  Cocco'nes,  kokkuvcs.  The  portion,  how- 
ever, of  the  plant,  that  has  attained  most  cele- 
brity, is  the  bark  of  the  root,  Grana'ti  Radi'cis 
Cortex,  which  appears  to  be  very  efficacious  in 
taenia.  It  is  given  in  decoction,  (Granat.  rad. 
<*""*•  3U » Aqua  Oij,  boiled  to  Oiss.)  Dose,  f^ij, 
every  half  hour.  Three  or  four  doses  are  usually 
sufficient  to  expel  the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Orenadin. 

PUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia. 

PUPIL,  Pupil' la,  Pu'pula,  Pupil'io,  Vis'io, 
Opsis,  Gorl,  Oora,  Rhox,  Fenes'tra  sen  Nigrum 
seu  For  af  men  Oe'uli,  Prunel'la,  Lumen;  Ulene, 
Sight  of  the  eye,  (F.)  Pupille,  Prunelle.  The 
aperture  of  the  iris,  through  which  the  rays  of 
light  pass  that  have  to  impress  the  image  of  an 
objeot  on  the  retina.  This  aperture  can  be  di- 
lated or  contracted  so  as  to  allow  a  greater  or 
smaller  quantity  of  luminous  rays  to  penetrate. 
The  pupil,  in  man,  is  round,  and  by  it  the  ante- 
rior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  commu- 
nicate with  each  other.  In  the  foetus,  during  the 
first  six  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the 
pupillary  membrane. 

Pupil,  Closure  or  the,  Synezizis. 

Pupil,  Pinhole.  A  condition  of  the  pupil  in 
typhus,  in  which  it  is  so  contracted  as  to  resem- 
ble a  pinhole.  It  indicates  a  dangerous  form  of 
brain  affection. 

PUPILLE  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 

PUPILLARIS  HERBA,  Lapsana. 

PU'PILLARY,  Pupilla'ris.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  pupiL 


Pupillary  Membrane,  Membrasna  PupiUa'* 
ris,  Pupil'la  velum,  Membra' na  Wachendorfia'neu 
The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  cloned,  in  the 
foetus,  during  a  certain  period  of  gestation,  by  a 
very  thin  membrane.  It  disappears  in  the  Beventh 
month. 

PUPPET  ROOT,  Veratrum  viride. 

PUPPIS  OS,  Frontal  bone. 

PUPULA,  Pupil. 

PU'PULJ2,  A'pices  digito'rum.  The  pulps  or 
extremities  of  the  fingers. 

PURBLIND,  Myopic. 

PURBLINDNESS,  Myopia. 

PURGAMENT,  Purgative. 

PURGAMENTA,  Excrement  — p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhoea — p.  Infantis,  Meconium  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia — p.  Uteri,  Lochia. 

PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

PURGATIO,  Catharsis  — p.  Alvi,  Catharsis— 
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhoea  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATION,  Catharsis. 

PURGATIONES,  Menses— p.  Menstrua?, 
Menses. 

PURGATIONS,  Menses. 

PUR'GATIVE,  Purgati'vus,  Purgans,  Moeh'- 
lieus,  Catoret'icus,  Catoter'icus,  Cathar'tic,  Pur'' 
gament,  Purge,  (F.)  Purgatif,  from  purgare,  'to 
cleanse.  A  medicine  which  operates  moro  pow- 
erfully on  the  bowels  than  a  laxative,  stimulating 
the  muscular  coat,  and  exciting  increased  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  coat. 

PURGE,  Purgative— p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

PURGING,  Diarrhoea. 

PURIF'ICANS,  Puri/'ieus,  from  purificare, 
4  to  make  pure  or  clean/    Purifying :  hence : — 

Purificantia  ;  Medicines  that  cleanse  or  pu- 
rify the  blood. 

PURIFICUS,  Purificans. 

PU'RIFORM,  Puriform'is;  from  pus,  and  for- 
ma.   Having  the  appearance  of  pus. 

PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which 
wormwood  and  aromatics  are  infused. 

PURO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

PURO-MUCOUS,  Puro-muco'sus,  from  pus, 
puris,  and  mucus.  Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance of  pus  and  mucus. 

PURPLES,  Purpura  hecinorrhagica. 

PUR'PURA,  Por'phyra,  'a  purple  colour/ 
This  word  has  been  employed  in  many  senses. 
It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 
extravasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs.  —  {F.) 
Pourpre. 

In  Purpura  Simplex,  Porphyra  simplex,  Pe- 
techia sini  febri,  Pefio'sis,  PJnenig'mus  Petechia'- 
lis,  Profu'sio  subcuta'nea,  Petechial  Scurvy,  the 
spots  are  numerous,  but  small  and  flea-bite- 
shaped  ;  chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs ; 
with  paleness  of  countenance.  At  times,  the  af- 
fection is  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  the  ex- 
tremities, constituting  Pclio'sis  rheumat'ica. 

In  Purpura  Hemorrhagica,  Potphyra  he- 
morrhagica, Stomac'ace  universalis,  Haimorrhagia 
universalis,  Petechiano'sis,  Morbus  maculo'sus 
h&morrhag"icus  Werlho/'ii,  Pelio'sis  hcemor- 
rhag"ica,  Scorbutus,  Schorbu'tus,  Hamorrhce'a 
petechia'lis,  Ifamatospil'ia,  Land  Scurvy,  Pur- 
ples, (F.)  Seorbut,  S.  de  Terre,  3faladie  de  WerU 
hof,  Himacelinose,  Peliose  himorrhagique  —  the 
spots  are  circular,  and  of  different  sizes  •  often  in 
stripes  or  patches,  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  trunk ;  with -occasional  haemor- 
rhage from  the  mouth,  nostrils,  or  viscera,  tnd 
great  debility  and  depression  of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  naitftco, 
Scorbu'tw,  Pechytyrbe,  Gingibra'chium,  Gingipef* 


PURPURIC 


782 


PYOTANTHEMUM 


dium,  Seelotyr'be,  Stomac'act,  Scorbutus  nau'ti- 
eus  or  Sea  scurvy,  (F.)  Scorbut,  there  ore  spots  of 
different  hues,  intermixed  with  the  livid,  princi- 
pally at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the  teeth  are 
loose;  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleeding;  the 
breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  universal  and  ex- 
treme. This  occurs  chiefly  at  sea,  after  exposure 
to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere ;  with  long  use 
of  one  kind  of  food  and  of  stagnant  water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  resemble  each 
other  considerably.  In  the  first  two,  however, 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Scorbn'tie  Cackex'ia,  Lues  Scor- 
bu'tico,  and  Cacochym'ia  Scorbutica.  Generally 
speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids  will  be  in- 
dicated ;  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vegetable  acids  must 
be  regarded  as  the  best  antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is, 
also,  a  good  antiscorbutic,  and  in  cases  of  great 
prostration  it  may  be  united  with  Peruvian  bark 
or  turpentine.  Tamarinds  and  cream  of  tartar, 
made  into  drink,  are  also  serviceable.  Bat  the 
great  remedy  is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spi- 
rits ;  from  filth  to  cleanliness ;  and  from  a  cold 
and  damp,  to  a  temperate  and  dry  climate,  with 
change  of  food,  and  especially  the  use  of  green 
vegetables. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are  the 
same  in  sea,  as  in  land  Bourvy. 

Purpura,  Scarlatina — p.  Alba  benigna  et  ma- 
ligna, Miliary  fever— p.  Maligna,  Petechia— p. 
Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — p.  Puerperarum,  Miliary 
fever — p.  Urticata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURIC  URINE,  see  Porphyron*. 

PURPURINB,  see  Porphyraria. 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

PURRING  TREMOR,  Frtmissement  eataire. 

PURSE,  Scrotum  — p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

PUR'SINESS,  Dyspnce'a  ningnedino'sa,  (F.) 
Pousse.  Dyspnoea  accompanied  with  oppressive 
fatness.  The  word  is,  also,  applied  to  dyspnoea 
of  every  kind.  One  so  affected  is  said  to  be  pursy 
or  short-winded, 

PURSLAIN,  Portulaca  — p.  Milk,  Euphorbia 
corollata  —  p.  Speedwell,  Veronica  peregrina — p. 
Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

PURSY,  see  Pursiness, 

PURULENCE,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PURULENCY,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PU'RULENT,  Pnnden'tus,  Em'pyos,  Pyo'des, 
Py'lcu*.  That  whioh  has  the  character  of  pus  or 
consists  of  pus ;  as  purulent  matter,  a  purulent 
collection,  Ac. 

Porulbnt  Deposit,  Pus. 

PURULENTIA,  Suppuration. 

PUR  VAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PUS,  Humor  purulen'tus,  Pyon,  Pyono'na, 
Matter,  Pu'rulent  deposit,  Pu'rulence,  Pu'ruleney. 
A  secretion  from  inflamed  textures,  and  especially 
from  the  areolar  membrane.  It  is,  almost  always, 
of  the  same  nature,  whatever  may  be  the  part  it 
proceeds  from.  Pus  of  a  good  quality, — laudable 
pus,  Put  bonum  sen  laudab'ili  sen  nutriti'vum  seu 
verum,  (F.)  Pus  lovable,— is  of  a  yellowish-white 
colour,  opake,  inodorous,  and  of  a  creamy  ap- 
pearance. Heat,  acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate  it 
When  analyzed  by  Schwilgue",  it  afforded  albu- 
men and  water,  a  particular  extractive  substance, 
and  a  small  quantity  of  soda,  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  other  salts.  Normal  pus  oonsists  essentially 
of  two  distinct  parts,  pus  corpuscles  or  pus  globules, 
and  a  colourless,  aqueous  fluid,  liquor  puris,  in 
which  the  corpuscles  are  suspended.    A  variety 


of  the  pus  corpuscles  is  described  by  M.  Lebart 
under  the  name  pyoid. 
Pub  Bonum,  see  Pus— p.  Corpusdei,  sesPu 

—  p.  Corrosivum,  Sanies  — p.  Globules,  see  Po 

—  p.  Laudabile,  see  Pus— p.  LouabU,  seePoi- 
p.  Malignum,  Ichor — p.  Malignum,  Sanies— a 
Nutritivum,  see  Pus  —  p.  Verum,  see  Pus. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  Puiula'tum,  from  jmiBa, 
'  small/    A  coarse  powder. 

PUSILLUS,  Nanus. 

PUSTULA,  Pustule— p.  Arden*,  Ecwma-p. 
Oris,  Aphthae- p.  Gangrenosa,  see  Anuaax—f. 
Livida  Esthoniae,  see  Anthrax. 

PusTULiB  Biccm,  Lichen. 

PUSTULAR,  Pustulous,  PustuWm,  Pmtdo'- 
sus.  Of  or  belonging  to  pustules.  Affected  wilt 
pustules. 

PUSTULA'TION,  Pustulo/tio,  from  a***, 
'  a  pustule.'    The  formation  of  pustules. 

PUSTULE,  Pus'tula,  from  put.  Scrfm, 
Ecthy'ma,  Benath,  Babe,  Epanas'tattM.  An  ele- 
vation of  the  outiole,  with  an  inflamed  base,  at- 
taining pus.  WUlan  and  Bateman  reckon  fa 
varieties  of  pustules :  Phlyxa'eiun,  Piydriwm, 
Achor,  and  Favus.  The  variolous  pastoie  it  oftes 
called,  by  the  French,  Grain;  by  us,  PosL 

PUSTULE  MALIQNE,  see  Anthrax, 

PUSTULOUS,  Pustular. 

PUSULATUM,  Pusillatum. 

PUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PUTREDO,  Hospital  Gangrene,  Patrdaeaea 

PUTREFACTION,  PutrefacftiotPntrt»e*,1+ 
Sepsis,  Sap'rotes,  Putrid  fermenta'tie*,  JW 
fact'ive  fermentation,  from  putris,  putrt,  'rottei, 
and  facere,  *  to  make.'  A  decomposition,  era* 
rienced  by  animal  substances,  when  deprired  « 
life,  and  placed  under  particular  drcamMw* 
The  presence  of  water  is  indispensable.  Tu 
temperature  most  favourable  to  it,  is  from  M  to 
90°  of  Fahrenheit.  The  most  common  pram* 
of  putrefaction  are,  water,  carbonic  acid,  smJjo 
acid,  ammonia,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  saw- 
putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilised,  and  as»» 
infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed  that  was- 
thing  like  putrefaction  may  occur  in  the  ling 
body,  as  in  case  of  putrid  fever.  To  this  coi- 
tion, Piorry  has  given  the  name  *SflJ*°**  "J 
conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  alteration  of  *• 
blood  by  putrid  animal  matters.  P***J °*J* 
signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid:  whilst r> 
tridity,  Putrefdo,  Putrid'itas,  Psftridmst,  (« 
Pourriture,  is  the  state  of  rottenness. 

PUTRESCENT,  Hyposaprus-p.  Poison,* 
Poison.  . 

PUTRESCENTIA,  Putrefaction -p.  U* 
gravidi,  Hystero-malaoia.  t  ._ 

PUTRID,  Pu'tridus,  Sapros,  fF.JPat*** 
putrere,  '  to  rot'  An  epithet  for  some  afeeoe* 
in  which  the  matters  excreted  and  the  tran.<st> 
tion  itself  exhale  a  smell  of  putridity.  It »  J* 
ticularly  applied  to  typhus. 

PUTRIDITAS,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRIDITY,  see  Putrefaction.  ,,_ 

PUTRILA'GO,  Putror,  (F.)  Putril***-  ** 
etymon.  The  pultaceous  matter  or  •/«**>  *"* 
forms  in  certain  gangrenous  and  other  mm 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTROR,  Putrilage. 

PUTZOCHILL,  see  Myroxylon  Pemifen* 

PYJB'MIA,  Pyohsemia. 

PYARTH'RUM,  from  **■»  « pas/ and  a** 
'joint.'    A  suppurated  joint 

PYCNAN'THEMUM  INCA'XITM,  G*?* 
Mountain  Mint,  Wild  Basil.  An  indigeo©*  pW* 
of  the  mint/amiVy  —  Labiataa— which  w»J"» 
August  It  has  the  aromatic  properties  ofw 
mints. 


PYCHIOMASTICA 


783 


PYRAMID 


Ptchah'thtoOX  LimFO'Lnm,  Virginia  Thyme, 
has  like  virtues. 

PYCNICMASTICA,  Inorassantia. 

PYCNOSIS,  Inspissatio. 

PYCNOTICA,  Inorassantia. 

PYEC'CHYSIS,  from  *vov,  'pus/  and  argrriSr 
«  effusion/    An  effusion  of  pus. 

PYBLI'TIS,  from  irvcXo*  'pelvis/  andtfit,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  pelvis 
and  caliees  of  the  kidney. 

PYELOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PYELONEPHRI'TIS,  from  xvtXos,  'pelvis,' 
vc*W,  'kidney/  and  itie,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  kidney,  and  of  the  pelvis  and 
oalioes. 

PYELOS,  Pelvis. 

PYEME8I8,  Pyoemesis. 

PYE8IS,  Suppuration. 

PYETIA,  Colostrum.  s  .V  * 

PYGE,  Nates.  V 

PYGB1EUS,  Pygmy. 

PYGME,  Fist,  Forearm. 

PYQ3f£E,¥jgmy. 

PYGMY,  Pigmy,  Pygma'iu,  (F.)  Pygmie,  from 
rvypv,  'the  fist;  as  big  as  the  fist'  A  dwarfc 
The  Pygmau  were  a  fabulous  nation  of  dwarfs  in 
the  extreme  parts  of  India;  or,  according  to 
others,  in  Ethiopia. 

PYGODID'YMUS,  Did'ymw  eymphyoperina'- 
u$,  Pygop'agee,  from  wyv,  '  the  nates/  and  Ji6»- 
pot,  'a  twin/  A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are 
united  by  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus. 

PYICUS,  Purulent. 

PYLE,  Porta. 

PYLEMPHRAX'IS,  from  «X*,  'porta,'  'a 
gate/  and  tfvppafa, '  obstruction/  Obstruction  of 
the  vena  porta*. 

PYXOR'IC,  Pylor'icue.  Same  etymon  as  py- 
lorus. That  which  relates  to  the  pylorus.  An 
epithet  given  to  different  parts. 

Ptloric  Artbrt,  Arte'ria  Gorona'ria  dextra, 

iF.)  Petite  artere  gaetrique  droit*,  arises  from  the 
lepatio,  and  is  distributed  to  the  pylorus  and  to 
the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  anastomosing, 
particularly,  with  the  A.  ooronaria  ventriouli  and 
A.  gastro-epiplolca  dextra. 

Pyloric  Vbim  follows  the  same  distribution  as 
the  artery. 

•  PTLO'RUS,  Jan'itor,  Portonarriumf  from  «»>*, 
#a  gate/  and  evpot,  'a  guardian/  Ostium  ven- 
tric'uli  duodena' li  gen  pylor'icum  sen  dextrvm  sen 
infe'riw,  Orific"ium  dextrum  sen  in/eriue  sen 
Egret1  bum  sou  On  in/e'ritu  sen  An'nulm  sen  Sphinc- 
terventri'culi,  Oftia'ritte,  Hoetia'riue,  (F.)  Pylore. 
The  lower  or  right  orifice  of  the  stomach — Orifice 
fateetinal  (Ch.)  —  is  called  Pyloru*,  because  it 
doses  the  entrance  into  the  intestinal  canal,  and 
is  furnished  with  a  circular,  flattened,  fibro-mn- 
oous  ring,  which  occasions  the  total  closure  of 
the  stomach  during  digestion  in  that  organ.  This 
ring  has  been  called  the  Valve  of  the  Pyloru*, 
Sphincter  Pylo'ri,  Pylo'rw  proprii  eio  dictue,  (F.) 
Valvule  du  pylore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach;  and 
ia  the  Pyloric  mveele  of  some  authors. 

PYOBLENNICUS,  Mucopurulent. 

PTOBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  met,  'pus/ 
fi\t*va,  'mucus/  and  pm,  'I  flow/  A  discharge 
of  puriform  mucus. 

PYOCENO'SIS,  from  row,  'pus,'  and  «im»«* 
'evacuation/    Evacuation  of  pus. 

PYOCHEZ'IA,  Diarrhoea  purultn'ta,  from 
«mt,  '  pus,'  and  £i£t»,  '  I  go  to  stool/  Discharge 
of  pus  by  stool.    Purulent  diarrhoea. 

PYOCCE'LIA,  Aici'te*  pvruUn'tw,  from  rvov, 


'  pus,  and  Kotha,  *  the  belly/  Pus  <n  the  abdo- 
minal cavity. 

PYOCYSTIS,  Vomiea. 

PYODES,  Purulent 

PYCEDE'MA,  from  met,  'pus/  and  h&w, 
'swelling/  Tumefaction  of  the  surface  owing 
to  effusion  of  pus. 

PYOEM'ESIS,  Pyemreeie,  Vom'ituepurulentue, 
from  tvov,  ' pus/  and  tpteis,  '  the  act  of  vomiting/ 
Vomiting  of  pus. 

PYOGENESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOGEN'IA,  Puogen'ia,  Pyogenfeei§,  Pyopof- 
eie,  from  moy,  'pus/  and  ytvtatt,  'generation/ 
Generation  of  pus.  The  theory  or  mechanism  of 
the  formation  of  pus.  Some  have  believed  thai 
pus  is  formed  by  the  arterial  system,  a&d  is  de- 
posited, by  way  of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed 
parts ;  others,  that  it  is  formed  by  the  destruction 
of  solid  parts.  These  opinions  are,  however,  in* 
admissible;  and  pus  is  now  regarded  as  mainly 
the  product  of  a  ■  particular  secretion  in  the  dis* 
eased  part. 

Ptoobnia  Cokrosiva,  Ulceration— p.  Simplex, 
Suppuration. 

PYOGEN'IC,  Pyogenfieu§.  Same  etymon. 
Having  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOHfi'MIA,  Pya'mia,  from  mov,  'pus/  and 
4aifta, '  blood/    Alteration  of  the  blood  by  pus. 

PYOID  CORPUSCLES  or  GLOBULES,  see 
Pus. 

PYOME'TRA,  P. purulen'ta,  from™*,  'pus/ 
and  pip-pa,  '  womb/  A  collection  of  pus  in  the 
uterus. 

Ptombtra  Pubulehta,  Pyometra. 

PYON,  Pus. 

PYON&PHRITE,  see  Nephritis. 

PYONOMA,  Pus. 

PYOOTORRHCEA,  OtirrhonL 

PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium,  from 
mov,  '  pus/  rep,  '  about,'  and  Mpdio,  '  the  heart.' 
A  collection  of  pus  in  the  pericardium. 

PYOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon  — p.  Neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia  (puruienta  infantum). 

PYOPLEURITE,  Empyema. 

PYOPOBSI8,  Pyogenia. 

PYOP'TYSIS,  from  #wr,  'pus/  andmu,  'I 
spit'    Spitting  of  pus. 

PYORRHAG"IA,  from  *vov,  'pus/  and  payn, 
'  violent  rupture/  A  sudden  discharge  of  a  large 
collection  of  matter. 

PYORRHOEA,  from  *v*v,  'pus/  and  pre,  'I 
flow/    A  discharge  of  pus. 

Ptorrbxea  Alviha,  Pyochezia~~p.  Auriirm, 
Otirrhoea  —  p.  Nasalis,  Oecena  —  p.  Palpebrse, 
Blepharopyorrhoea — p.  Urinalis,  Pyuria — p.  VI. 
arum  lacrymalium,  Dacryopyorrhcea. 

PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration 
— p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 

PYOTHORAX  YERUS,  Empyema. 

PYOTORRHltE,  Otorrhcea. 

PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 

PYR,  Fever. 

PYRA,  Anthrax— p.  Crustumina,  Cruatumlna- 
tum — p.  Crustumenna,  Crustuminatum. 

PYR'AMID,  Pyr>amie,  Eminen'tia  pyramid*'- 
lie  tym'pani,  from  irvp,  'flame/  which  has  a  coni- 
cal appearance.  (?)  A  small  bony  projection  in 
the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  is  excavated, 
to  lodge  the  muscle  of  the  stapes.  Also,  the 
Centre-pin  of  the  trephine.  Also,  a  small,  ob- 
tusely pointed  eminence  of  the  inferior  vermiform 
process  of  the  cerebellum. 

Pyramid,  see  Calumba— p.  of  Malaeame,  Ver. 
miform  process,  inferior. 


PYRAMIDAL 


734 


PYBOSIS 


PYRAMIDAL  DE  V ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis abdominis — p.  de  la  Cuissa,  Pyramidalis — 
p.  du  Net,  Pyramidalis  nasi — p.  Stapidien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMID  ALE,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 

PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOMINIS,  MuJcultu 
Tallo'pxi  vel  succenturia'tus  vel  auxUia'riu*,  (F.) 
Pubio-ombilical,  Pubio-sous-umbilical,  (Ch.,)  Py- 
ramidal de  V  abdomen.  A  small,  fleshy,  pyrami- 
dal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  constant; 
and  whioh  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into  the  upper 
part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by  its  summit, 
at  the  inferior  part  of  the  linea  alba.  When  it 
contracts,  it  stretches  the  linea  alba. 

Pyrak  ida'lis,  P.  Fem'oris,  Ili'acus  exter'nus, 
Pyriform'is,  Piriformis  Primus  et  superior  quad- 
rigem'inus,  (F.)  Sacro-trochanttrien  (Ch.),  Py- 
ramidal de  la  cuisse.  A  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis.  By  its 
base,  it  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum ;  to  the  corresponding  surface  of  the  great 
nacro-sciatio  ligament  and  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which 
ia  attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  is  a  rotator  of  the  thigh 
outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in  an  opposite  direction. 

Pyramidalis  Femoris,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proe"erus  nasi,  Nasum 
dila'tans,  (F.)  Pronto  nasal  (Ch.),  Pyramidal  du 
men.  A  thin,  triangular  muscle,  which  has  its 
gummit  upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with 
the  occipito- frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  be- 
fore the  root  of  the  nose,  on  which  it  terminates ; 
becoming  confounded  with  the  transversalis. 
This  muscle  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  root  of  the 
nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which  covers 
the  tip. 

PYRAMIDES,  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

PYR AMIDES  ANTfiRIEURES,  Corpora 
pyramidalia — p.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  pyramids  of 
— p.  Malpighianrc,  Papillae  of  the  kidney — p.  Pos- 
ttrieures  du  cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGHI,  Papilla  of  the 
kidney — p.  Posterior,  Corpora  restiformia — p. 
of  Wistar,  Sphenoidal  cornua. 

PYRAMI8,  Penis,  Pyramid— p.  Cochlea),  Mo- 
diolus— p.  Trigona,  see  Temporal  bone. 

PYRO-EA,  Incendium. 

PYREC'TICA,  'febrile;'  from  mpt-roe,  'ferer.' 
Fevers :  the  first  order  in  the  class  Hamatica  of 
Good. 

PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid. 

P  YRMTHRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 

PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  TJrtioa 
— p.  Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium — p.  Syl- 
vestre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICO'SIS,  from  xvp,  'Are,'  wvptros, 
'  fever ;'  Morbus  febri'lis.    A  febrile  affection. 

PYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

PYRETOGRAPH'IA,  from  nptroe,  'ferer/ 
and  Ypa<pn,  'a  description.'  A  description  of 
fever. 

PYRETOI/OGY,  Pyretolog"ia,  from  irvptros, 
'fever,' and  Aoyo;,  'a  discourse.'  PyroVogy.  A 
treatise  on  fevers.  A  title  sometimes  given  to  a 
monograph  on  fever. 

PYRETOS,  Fever. 

PYRETOTYPOSIS,  Intermittent 

PYREX'IA,  Pvrex'is.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next  Fever.  The  febrile  condition.  Also,  a 
paroxysm  of  fever— Paroxysmus  febri'lis. 

PYREX'IA,  from  rvo,  'fire.'  Febrile  diseases. 
The  first  class  of  Cullen's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

PYRIA,  Fomentation,  Vaporarium. 


PYRIATERIUM,  Vaporarium. 

PYRICAUSTUM,  Burn. 

PYRIFORMIS,  Pyramidalis. 

PYRIPH'LEGES,  xvpt<t>\iyn,  from  *•*,  '***> 
and  tfAcyw,  '  I  burn.'  One  who  has  a  bonisf 
fever. 

PYRITES,  IRON,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring,  on  the  Weser,  in  West- 
phalia, four  leagues  from  Hamelet  The  wsten 
are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia,  aid 
carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia  duMfrti 
in  carbonic  acid,  with  some  resinous  principles 
It  is  a  highly  carbonated  chalybeate. 

Artificial  Pyrmojit  Water  may  beforwd 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xv ;  common  salt,  gr.  t;  mas. 
nesia,  gr.  x ;  iron-filings,  gr.  v ;  water,  Oiij.  bj 
pregnated  with  the  gas  from  marble-powder  im 
sulphuric  acid,  aa  3VU- 

PYRCENUS,  Spiritus  rectifiestus. 

PYR'OL  A,  P.  rotundifo'lia,  Round-leandWk- 
tergreen.  Order,  Pyrolacese.  This  plant  was «« 
used  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Ptr'ola  Macula'ta,  Spotted  PipM** 
Spotted  Wintergreen,  Whiteleaf,  White  Pijmm- 
wa,  King  cure.  Ground  holly,  Rheumatism  «**) 
Ac,  has  similar  properties. 

Pyrola  Umbella'ta,  Chimaph'ila  vel  «*• 
moph'ila  umbella'ta,  C.  Corymbo'sa,  Gnmnd-ksQj, 
Pipsissewa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism  ■*«*,#<* 
apisser  (Canada).  This  common  American  plant 
is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  botanical  as  well  ij 
medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic  and  diuretic.  I* 
bruised  leaves  irritate  the  skin.  From  the  de- 
coction or  infusion  an  agreeable  beverage  nsj 
be  formed  by  adding  sugar,  ginger  to  uVob £ 
and  yeast  to  produce  fermentation.  Under* 
name  Pipsis'sewa  Beer  it  has  been  used  in  «•■ 
fulous  affections.  imrV 

PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICAXl* 
Oleum  animate  Dippelii. 

PYROLIG'NEOUS  ACID,  Ae"i**W 
roace'tieum,  A.  pyroligno'sum  sen  mp**?*** 
A.  ligni  pyro-oleo'sum,  A.  ace'ticun  'JWJTJ 
mat'icum,  A.  lig'neum,  Pyrolig'nie  add,  (*J 
Acide  pyroligneux,  Vinaigre  de  boit.  An  ■** 
obtained  by  distillation,  from  wood,  coaL  *£ 
which  was  once  believed  to  be  of  a  peculiar  *• 
racter.  It  is  now  known  to  be  formed  of  a*w 
acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil,  from  whickiw 
be  freed  j  and.  in  this  state,  is  sold  in  com**" 
for  Acetum  distillatum.  It  is  used  for  M«* 
purposes  as  distilled  vinegar,  and  for  pf**rnJj 
animal  substances.  It  has  also  been  o^-/] 
antiseptic  in  gangrene  and  sphacelus, and  »» 
ulcers  j  wherever  indeed  creasote  ia  indlJJfl 
The  dose  of  the  impure  pyroligneoua  acid  awj 
nally  is  from  five  to  thirty  drops,  thres  «  »■ 
times  a  day.  ,  •   iw* 

PYROMA'NIA,  Inetn' diary  monomo i  ««,£■ 
*vp,  *  fire/  and  mania.  Insanity,  with  «  ■* 
sistible  desire  to  destroy  by  fire.  ,,  • 

PYROPH'AGUS,  Igniiforus,  from  n*  ■» 
and  f  ayw,  '  I  eat'  One  who  eats  fire.  A  jofli* 
who  eats  bodies  in  a  Btate  of  ignition. 

PYROS,  Triticum.  .  ^ 

PYRO'SIS,  from  xvp,  'fire/  '&«***  IK 
ing.'  Ptyalis>mus  pyrxtficus,  Limo'*i» <****: 
sputa  to' Ha,  Ardor  stom'achi,  A.  vestnc  ^ 
diaVgia  spntatoria,  Pyrosis  Svee"ita,  AJJ^. 
vom'itus  pyrosis,  Dyspepsia  pyron$,  ^'T^ 
mia,  Ebullif'io  stom'achi,  Ore^i*  (rf  *?"' hj^ 
terbrash,  Waterquttlm,  Blaek-wter,  (rj  •*  ^ 
de  Testomae,  Per  chaud,  Crewtason,  *<»«'  ^ 


gossei.    This  affection  consists  of  a  hot  fc-^, 
in  the  stomach,  with  eructations  cf  w  ~ 
burning  liquid,  that  causes  a  distrtsaB* 


FYROSOPHIA 


785 


QUANDROS 


Hon  In  the  parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention 
to  diet,  andr  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will 
usually  relieve,  when  the  disease  is  functional. 
Occasionally,  it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  disease 
of  the  stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammation, 
gangrene,  and  a  burn. 

Pyrobi8  Suecica,  Pyrosis. 

PYROSOPHIA,  Chymistry. 

PYROTECHNIA,  Chymistry. 
•pYROTBCHNY,  Pyrotech'ni,  from  *vp,  'fire/ 
and  Ttx**ir  'art.'  Art  of  making  fire-works,  Ac. 
Also,  chymistry.  M.  Percy  has  used  the  term 
Pyrotechnic  Ohirurgicale  for  the  art  of  applying 
fire  or  the  actual  cautery  in  surgery. 

PYROTHONIDE,  from  nvp,  'fire/  and  oOovn, 
'linen.'  Liquor  pyro-oleo'sus  e  lin'teo  para' tut* 
A  kind  of  pyrogenous  or  empyreumatic  oil,  pro- 
duced by  the  combustion  of  textures  of  hemp, 
linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The  brown 
product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties  probably 
resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted  with  three 
or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it  has  been*tae4 
as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsillaris,  but  is  not 
now  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
toothach  and  skin  diseases.  When  prepared  from 
rags,  it  is  called  Bag  oil;  when  from  paper,  Pa- 
per oil. 

PYROTICITS,  Caustic 

PYRUS  CYDO'NIA,  Cydo'nia  maliforfm\s  sen 
vulga'ris,  Sorbus  Cydo'nia,  Cydo'nia,  Coto'nia, 
Quince  Tree,  (F.)  Coignassier.  Family,  Rosacea). 
Sex,  Syst,  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The  fruit  is 
termed  Cydo'nium  malum,  Malum  canum,  Malum 
coto'neum,  Melum  cydo'nium,  Quince,  (F.)  Coign. 


Quince-seeds— Cydo'nium  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851)—  are 
sometimes  used  in  decoction  as  a  demulcent  The 
fruit  makes  a  pleasant  preserve. 

Ptrus  Domestica,  Sorbus  domestica. 

Ptrus  Malus,  Malus,  M.  daeyphyl'la  sen  com- 
munis seu  sylves'tris,  Sorbu*  malus,  Melea,  the 
Apple  Tree,  (F.)  Pommier.  The  apple  —  (F.) 
Pommt — is  an  agreeable  fruit  when  ripe.  When 
unripe,  it  disagrees,  especially  with  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
pear,  (F.)  Poire;  the  fruit  of  the  Pyrue  comsut'- 
nis,  Apios,  P.  Sorbus,  P.  Sati'va,  (F.)  Poirier. 

Apple  Brandy  is  a  spirituous  liquor  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  the  apple,  and  muoh  used  in  the 
United  States. 

PYTIA,  Colostrum. 

PYTISMA,  Sputum,  Sperm. 

PYUL'CON,  from  mow,  'pus,'  and  *«X*«,  'I 
extract.'  (F.)  Tire-pu*.  A  surgical  instrument 
for  extracting  pus  from  any  cavity.  Many  pyulca 
have  been  employed,  all  of  which  act  as  exhausting 
syringes. 

PYU'RIA,  Pyotu'ria,  Pvorrhoe'aurina'lis,  from 
roov, '  pus,'  and  ovpov,  '  urine/  Discharge  of  pu- 
rulent urine :  a  symptom  which  occurs  in  many 
diseases;  particularly  in  cases  of  renal  calculi, 
and  in  organic  affections  of  the  bladder.  It  re- 
ceives various  epithets,  according  to  the  part 
whence  the  pus  proceeds : — as  Pyuria  urethra' lit, 
P.  rena'lis,  and  P.  vesica' lis.    * 

Pyuria  Chtlosa,  Chyluria — p.  Lactea,  Chy- 
Inria — p.  Mucosa,  Cystirrhosa — p.  Serosa,  Cys- 
tirrhoea — p.  Viscida,  Cystirrhcea. 

PYXIS,  *ufr.  A  box ;  a  pill-box.  Also,  an 
emollient  ointment  —  Aetius,  and  Paulas. 

Pyxis,  Boite,  Bee  Cotyloid. 


Q. 


Q.,  fee  Abbreviation. 

QUABEBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUACK-MEDICINE,  Arcanum. 

QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan. 

QUADRANS,  Quarta  pare  libra.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.    Three  ounces  (Troy). 

QUADRANTAL,  Amphora. 

QUADRAT  US,  Depressor  labii  inferioris  —  q. 
Dorsi,  Q.  lumborum. 

Quadra'tus  Fem'oris,  Quadratus,  from  qua- 
dra, *  a  square.'  Quartus  qnadrigem'inue  quad- 
ratue, (F.)  Ttiber-ischio-trochantfrien  (Ch.),  Is- 
chio-sous-trochantirien,  Carre*  de  la  Cuisse.  A 
muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  and  upper  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and  quadrilateral, 
and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of  the  tuberosity 
of  the  ischium ;  whence  it  proceeds  transversely 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the  limb,  turning 
the  toe  outwards. 

Quadratus  GenjE,  Platysma  myoides — q.  Ra- 
dii, Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

Quadratus  Lumbo'ruk,  Quadratue  seu  Lum- 
ba'rie  extemue,  Fleet  ens  par  lumbo'rum,  Quadra' - 
tus  dorsi,  (F.)  Rio-costal,  (Ch.)  Hio-lombi-costal, 
Carri  dee  lombee.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick,  irre- 
gularly quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the  loins, 
at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  at- 
tached, below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio-lumbar 
ligament;  and  above,  to  the  inferior  margin  of 
the  last  rib ;  and  besides,  to  the  base  of  the  trans- 


verse processes  of  the  last  four  lumbar  vertebras. 
This  muscle  inclines  the -loins  to  its  side;  de- 
presses the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a  muscle  of  respi- 
ration.   It  can  also  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,  Emi nen'- 
tia  Quadrigem'ina  seu  Bigem'ina,  Optic  Lobe; 
Optic  Ganglia,  Pone  Syl'vii,  Cor'pora  quadri- 
gem'ina, Nates  et  Testes,  Corpora  bigem'ina,  (F.) 
Tubercles  quadrijumeaux,  Eminences  bigiminies. 
Four  medullary  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  white, 
externally,*  gray,  internally;  oblong;  rounded; 
connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by  two  grooves, 
whioh  divide  them  crucially.  Of  these  tubercles 
— the  superior,  called  nates,  Tuber1  cula  anterio'ra, 
Olu'tia,  are  larger  and  more  prominent  than  the 
lower,  called  testes,  Tuber' cula  posterio'ra.  The 
pineal  gland  corresponds  exactly  to  the  point 
of  intersection  of  the  two  furrows  that  separate 
them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis — q.  Quadratus  quartus,  Qua- 
dratus femoris  —  q.  Secnndus  et  tertius,  Isehio- 
trochanterianus. 

QUADROON,  see  Mulatto— q.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

QUAFADIL,  Melanthium  Virginicnm. 

QUAHOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUAMASH,  EASTERN,  S cilia  esculenta. 

QUANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  Yul 


QUARANTINE 


W6 


QUINIA 


tore ;  and  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
serving from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUARANTINE,  Quat'enHne,  Quarentaine, 
from  (I.)  Quaranti'na,  itself  from  quaranta,  *  forty.' 
(F.)  Quarantine.  The  time  during  which  tra- 
vellers, returning  from  a  country  where  the  plague 
or  any  other  pestilential  disease  exists,  are  com- 
pelled to  remain  on  board  ship  or  in  a  lazaretto. 
They,  as  well  as  the  ship,  are  said  '  to  perform 
quarantine,'  Quarantine  is  sometimes  extended 
beyond  forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  fre- 
quently much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by 
land;  for  example,  when  contagious  diseases  re- 
quire the  establishment  of  cordon*  eanitairee,  and 
when  persons  are  desirous  of  leaving  infected  dis- 
tricts. During  quarantine,  no  communication  is 
allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  a  great  im- 
pediment to  commerce;  and  is,  doubtless,  very 
frequently  enforced  when  there  is  but  little  dan- 
ger of  contagion.  The  evils,  however,  that  might 
arise  from  the  introduction  of  a  widely-spreading 
contagious  disease,  are  so  disastrous,  as  to  induce 
legislators  to  maintain  these  laws  in  perhaps  an 
unnecessary  degree  of  rigour. 

QUARTAN,  'of  or  belonging  to  the  fourth/ 
Quarta'na  Febris,  An'etu$  Quarta'nue,  Tetart<8fu9, 
Quartan  Ague,  (FJ  Quarte.  An  intermittent,  the 
paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  fourth  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  days'  interval.  We 
speak  also  of  the  Quartan  Type.  A  Double  Quar- 
tan is  one  in  which  one  paroxysm  occurs  on  the 
third  and  another  on  the  second  day,  so  that 
there  is  only  one  day  of  apyrexia  and  two  of 
paroxysms  in  succession;  —  the  paroxysms  of 
every  fourth  day  resembling  each  other.  A  Tri- 
ple Quartan  is  one  in  which  there  is  a  paroxysm 
every  day ;  and  on  every  three  days  the  paroxysms 
correspond.  A  redoubling  or  repeating  quartan, 
(F.)  Fttvre  quarte  doublie,  is  one  in  which  there 
are  two  paroxysms  every  fourth  day.  See  Inter- 
mittent 

QUARTANUS  REMITTENS,  Tetartophia. 

QUARTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal 
to  one-fourth  of  the  sextartas.  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

QUARTS,  Quartan. 

QUARTERON,  aee  Mulatto  —  q.  Black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUARTIO,  Astragalus. 

QUARTI-STERNAL,  Quadrietema'lie.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  correspond- 
ing to  the  fourth  intercostal  space. — Beclard. 

QUA88ATI0,  Gonquassation. 

QUASSATURA,  Conquassation. 

QUAS'SIA,  Quaeeia  amafra,  Quaen/,  Quanta 
excel'**,  Pierm'na  exceVea,  Febrif'ugum  lignum, 
Lofy  Bitterwood  Tree,  BHter-aek,  (F.)  Quaeeie. 
A  West  India  tree,  from  which  is  obtained  the 
Lignum  Quaeeia,  Quaeeia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  an 
intensely  durable  bitter,  without  stringency ; 
and  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 
It  is  generally  given  in  the  form  of  infusion.  The 
bitter  principle  is  called  Qua—in. 

Quassia  Simarou'ba,  Srmarouba,  Simaruba, 
&  offlcina'tie,  Euon'gmue,  Bitter  JSimaruba,  Moun- 
tain Dameon.  The  bark  of  the  6imarouba  is 
bitter,  and  not  unpleasant  Both  water  and  al- 
cohol extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not  astringent. 
It  is  exhibited  wherever  a  simple  tonic  is  required. 

QUASSIN,  see  Quassia. 

QUATERNIO,  Astragalus. 

QUATRE  £  PICES,  see  Myrtua  pimento. 

QUATRIO,  Astragalus. 

QUEASINESS,  Nausea. 


QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stfflingia-q.  of  to 
Meadows,  Spiraea  ulmaria — q.  Root,  Stilling!*. 

QUERCINI  HERBA,  Lichen  plicshu. 

QUBRCULA  MINOR,  Tenormin  chsnwdrji 

QUERCUS  ALBA,  the  White  Ook;  Qrncn 
Robur,  the  Common  Oak;  Q.  Tiscto'juj,  tie 
Black  Oak;  Q.  rubra  mokta'sa,  the  Red Od 
or  Spanish  Oak;  Family,  Amentaeee;  S».  8ft- 
Monoecia  Polyandria ;  (F.)  Chine.  The  btrk  of 
all  these  varieties  is,  probably,  alike  b  mediam! 
properties..  It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonie, 
and  has  been  used  internally  in  intennHtiBtaaad 
externally  in  decoction,  as  an  astringent  wufc, 
where  such  is  indicated. 

Acorn*,  Oecee,  Nueee  Quereue,  (?.)  Ok^t, 
were  at  one  time  much  used  as  food;  and 'de- 
coction of  them  was  once  recommended  is  dp- 
entory  and  diarrhoea,  in  glandular  obrtraetifiU, 
Ac.  A  pessary  made  of  them  has  been  adTued 
in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses.  They  are  set 
now  used. 

Quercus  Imtbcto'rla.  A  tree  of  Asia  Mb*, 
which  affords  Turkey  Galle,  Nut  Q*IU>  0*Be 
Turcica,  0.  Querci'nah  G.  Tincto'riet,  Aw  faB* 
Oalla  maxima  orbicuWta,  Oicit,  CaeeeMia,  W- 
Ub>  Galle,  Gall-nut,  (F.)  Noix  de  OnlU.  The  •* 
gaU—Galla  (Ph.  U.  S.>— is  a  morbid  protabenw* 
or  tubercle,  produced  by  the  puncture  of  the  #• 
plo'lepie  Gall*  Tincto'ria  or  Cy*ij»  Q"*6* 
folii.  It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tome,  and 
has  been  employed  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  beaw- 
rhage,  and  intermittent*? :  but  is  chiefly  w4 
externally,  in  gargles  and  injections.  Tbe  pon- 
der, made  into  an  ointment  with  lard,  is  useda 
piles.  . 

Quziictrs  CoccrfERA,  see  Kermes— q.  Sw|S» 
Fucns  vesiculosus— q.  Sober,  see  Saber. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEVAL,  Cauda  eqnina,  «• 
Medulla  spinalis— q.  de  la  MoeUe  fpiniirt,  Cat* 
equina — q.  de  Pourceau,  Peucedanvm. 

QUICK-IN-THB-HAND,  Impatiena 

QUICKEN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

QUICK'ENING,  from  6ax.  cpiccan,"*'"" 
alive.'  The  period  of  gestation  when  uV  ,i>& 
of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perceptible.  Tl*»  m** 
ally  occurs  about  the  eighteenth  week,  and  «* 
at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  ma*  * 
time  at  which  the  foetus  becomes  alive— i***' 
tio  fatue.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  ft  pos- 
sesses the  principle  of  life  from  the  monests 
the  union  of  the  materials  furnished  by  the «J« 
at  a  fecundating  copulation.  When  tbe  art" 
is  felt,  the  female  is  said  to  be  'quick wits  csi» 

QUICKENS,  Triticum  repent 

QUICKLIME,  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Aoinesia. 

QUINA,  Quinine— q.  Quina,  Cinchona 

QUIN.B  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  Ac,  *•<* 
nisB  Acetas,  Ac 

QUINCE,  see  Pyres  cydonia— q.  Tree,  Pw* 
oydonia.  __ 

QUINIA,  Quinine— q.  Acetate  o^QaiBisjataw 
— q.  Amorphous,  see  Quinia,  extract  of— q-  An** 
iato  of,  QuinisB  arsenias — q.andCmchoin^tasi>" 
of,  Quiniss  et  Cincboniss  tannaa—q.  At****  * 
QuinisB  aroenis — q.  Citrate  of,  Quinto  «** 

Quihia,  Extract  of,  Qui'nia  emlfkat  ?■**£ 
A  preparation  which  consists  in  evaporaWf  r 
liquor  poured  off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  <T<*,» 
to  the  consistence  of  a  pilular  masa         .      , 

It  has  the  properties  of  sulphate  ©*$**■*?*! 
its  active  principle  appears  to  be  «■*«?** 
quinia.  Twenty-four  grains  will  genemHT*11" 
agne. 

QUIHIA,  FSKROOTA VATS  Of,  Qofais)  I**0*?*?* 

— q.  Hydriodate  of,  Quints  hydriedat  «-fJjT 
pure  sulphate  of,  Quinia,  extract*"— *IW' 


irate  of,  Quinia  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quinia 
hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Iodhydrate  of,  see  Quinia 
hydriodas — q.  Ioduret  of,  Quinise  hydriodas — q. 
and  Iron,  Hydriodate  of,  eee  Quinia,  Iodide  of 
Iodhydrate  of— q.  Lactate  of,  Quinia  lactas— q. 
and  Mercury,  protochloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et 
Quinia  Protochloridum  —  q.  Muriate  of,  Quinia 
murias  —  q.  Nitrate  of,  Quinia  nitras —  q.  Phos- 
phate of,  Quinia  phosphas — q.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nine, sulphate  of. 

QUrXIiB  ACE'TAS,  Chi'nium  ace't ieum,  Ace'- 
tas  Chi' nii  seu  ChinCni  aenckCnicua  seu  Qui' mat 
seu  Qitiii as  8eu  Quini'ni  seu  Kini'ni,  Qttina  ace'- 
tica,  Acetate  ef  Qui'nia  or  of  Quinine.  Prepared 
by  saturating  Quinia  with  diluted  acetic  acid. 
Has  the  properties  of  the  other  salts  of  Quinia. 

Quinia  Arsen'ias,  Quini'na  seu  Qui7 nice  Ar- 
sen'ias, Chini'num  Arscnico'sum  sou  Arsenic"  icttm, 
ArecniiUe  of  Quinia  or  of  Quina  or  of  Quinine. 
Formed  by  the  union  of  arsenic  acid  and  quinia. 
Employed  as  an  antiperiodic  in  the  dose  of  from 
three  quarters  of  a  grain  to  a  grain  and  a  half  in 
the  twenty-four  hours. 

Quinia  Ar'senis,  Q.  Diar'senis,  Ar'senite  of 
Qui'nia.  A  salt  resulting  from  the  double  de- 
composition of  arsenite  of  potassa  and  sulphate 
of  quinia.  It  has  been  used  in  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases;  and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  ague,  neu- 
ralgia, Ac  Dose,  one-third  of  a  grain,  three  times 
a  day. 

Quinia  Citras,  Quinia  seu  Chini'ni  citrast 
Citron  chi'nicus  seu  quCnicus,  Chi'nium  seu  Chi- 
ni'num Ci'tricum,  Citrate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina,  or 
of  Quinine.  Formed  from  the  union  of  citric 
acid  and  quinia*  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
the  sulphate. 

Quinia  et  Cinchonia  Tannas,  Chini'num  sou 
Chi'nium  tan'nicnm,  Tannatc  of  Quinia  and  Cin- 
cho'nia.  This  salt  has  the  same  properties  as  the 
salts  of  quinia  in  general. 

Quinia  Diarsenis,  Quiniae  Arscnis. 

Quints  Fkrrocy'anab,  Chi'nium  ferrocyano- 
gena'tum  aeu  ferrohydrocy  an' icum,  Ferrocy'anate 
or  hydrocyanoferrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine. 
This  salt  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  sul- 
phate of  quinia  by  means  of  a  solution  of  ferro- 
cyanuret  of  polonium.  It  has  all  the  properties 
of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and,  according  to  somo,  in 
a  superior  degree. 

Quinia  Hydri'odas,  Chini'num  hydriodficum, 
Hydriodate  or  Iodhydrate  of  Quinia  ;  called,  also, 
Iodure'tum  seu  Iod'idum  Qui'nia,  lod'uret  or 
J'odidc  of  Qui'nia,  (F.)  Hydriodate  ou  Iodhydrate 
de  Qniuine,  Iodurc  rfa  Quinine.  This  is  formed 
by  precipitating  sulphate  of  quinia  by  means  of 
iodide  of  potassium.  Given  m  scrofulous  affec- 
tions ;  half  a  grain  to  a  grain,  three  times  a  day, 
to  a  child. 

An  iodide  and  a  biniodide  have  been  formed ; 
the  latter  made  by  mixing  double  the  quantity  of 
the  iodide  of  potassium  with  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

An  Iodide  of  Iodhy'drate  op  Qui'nia,  (F.) 
Fodure  d' Iodhydrate  de  Quinine,  is  prepared  by 
pouring  into  an  acid  solution  of  quinia  a  solution 
of  iodide  of  iron,  containing  a  slight  excess  of 
iodine.  The  precipitate  is  treated  with  boiling 
alcohol :  the  liquor  filtered,  and  crystals  suffered 
to  form.  The  salt  possesses  all  the  properties  of 
the  other  salts  of  quinia.  Under  the  name,  Hy- 
driodate of  Iron  and  Quinia,  a  preparation  has 
been  introduced  by  Mr.  Battley.  It  is  possessed 
of  tonic  and  antiperiodic  virtues. 

Quints  Iodidum,  Quinia  hydriodas— q.  Iodu- 
retum,  Quinia  hydriodas. 

Quinia  Lactas,  Quince  lactas,  Chini'num  lae1- 
ticum,  Lactate  of  Qui'nia  or  of  Quinine.     Made 
by  the  action  of  lactic  acid  on  quinia.    Used  in 
the  same  eases  as  the  other  salts  of  quinia. 
47 


Qui'nia  Mu'riab,  Chi'nium  muriatficum  eeu 
sali'tum  sea  hydrochWricum,  Mu'rias  chi'nicus, 
Muriate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  May  be  pre- 
pared  by  dissolving  quinia io  dilute  muriatic  acid. 
Given  as  an  antiperiodic.  Dose,  half  a  grain  to 
a  grain. 

Quinia  Nitras,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  «*f- 
tricum,  Nitrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  May  be 
formed  by  the  addition  of  nitric  acid  to  quinia* 
Its  properties  are  those  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia* 

Quinia  Phosphas,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'nun* 
phosphor' icum.,  Phosphate  of  Quinia  or  of  Qui- 
nine; may  be  prepared  by  the  addition  of  dilute 
phosphoric  add  to  quinia.  It  is  thought  by  many 
to  be  next  to  the  sulphate  of  quinia  in  its  remedial 
powers. 

Quinia  Sulphas,  Quinine,  sulphate  of. 

Quinia  Valeria'nas,  Chini'num  seu  Chi'nium 
Valerian1  icum,  Valerianate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina, 
or  of  Qninine;  may  be  formed  by  the  union  of 
valerianic  acid  with  quinia.  It  has  the  proper- 
ties of  the  salts  of  quinia. 

QUININE,  Qui'nia,  Quina,  KinPnum,  Chini'- 
num, Quinina.  An  alkaline,  uncrystallizable  sub- 
stance ;  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish  mass j 
almost  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts  that  are  in  gen- 
eral soluble.  It  is  obtained  from  different  cin- 
chonas, but  chiefly  from  the  yellow,  and  is  the 
active  principle  of  those  valuable  drugs. 

Quinine,  Acetate  of,  Quinia?  acetas  —  q.  Ar- 
seniate  of,  Quinia  arsenias — q.  Arsenite  of,  Qui- 
niae arsenis  —  q.  Citrate  of,  Quinia)  citras  —  q. 
Ferrocyanate  of,  Quinia)  ferrocyanas — q.  Hydri- 
odate de,  Quinia  hydriodas  —  q.  Iodhydrate  de, 
Quiniae  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quinia  hydrio- 
das— q.  Iodure  de,  Quiniss  hydriodas — q.  lodure 
d' iodhydrate  de,  Quinia,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of— 
q.  Lactate  of,  QuinUe  lactas — q.  Muriate  of,  Qui- 
nia) murias  —  q.  Nitrate  of,  Quinine  nitras  —  q. 
Phosphate  of,  Quinia  phosphas. 

Quinine,  Quina  or  Quinia,  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nia seu  Qui'na  seu  Quiui'na  Sulphas,  Quina 
DisuVphas,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  Sulphu'ri- 
enm,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Quinine  —  the  salt  usually 
employed  in  medicine— occurs  in  needles  of  a 
pearly  and  satiny  appearance.  It  is  employed 
with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of  in  term  it- 
tents  ;  and  is  available  in  many  cases,  where  the 
bark  in  substance  could  not  be  retained,  or  would 
be  injurious.  Dose,  as  a  tonic  from  3  to  10  grains 
in  the  24  hours.  As  an  antiperiodic  it  may  be 
carried  much  farther.  Its  action,  in  a  large  dose, 
is  decidedly  sedative.  It  is  obtained,  by  treating 
the  yellow  bark  with  sulphuric  acid.  The  follow- 
ing form  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  tho 
United  States, — Ginchon.  fiav.  in  pulv.  crass,  tbiv ; 
Acid,  muriat.  f^iij;  Calcis,  in  pulv.  §v;  Aqua, 
Cong,  v;  Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol,-  Carbon,  ani- 
mal, aa  q.  s.  Boil  the  bark  in  one-third  of  the 
water  mixed  with  the  one-third  of  tho  muriatic 
acid,  and  strain  through  linen.  Boil  the  residue 
twice  successively  with  the  same  quantity  of  acid 
and  water  as  before,  and  strain.  Mix  tho  decoc- 
tions, and,  while  the  liquor  is  hot,  gradually  add 
the  lime,  previously  mixed  with  two  pints  of 
water,  stirring  constantly,  until  tho  quinia  is  com- 
pletely precipitated.  Wash  the  precipitate  with 
distilled  water,  and  having  pressed  and  dried  it, 
digest  it  in  boiling  alcohol.  Pour  off  the  liquor 
and  repeat  the  digestion  several  times,  until  the 
alcohol  is  no  longer  rendered  bitter.  Mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol,  until  a  brown 
viscid  mass  remains.  Upon  this  substance,  re- 
moved from  the  vessel,  pour  about  half  a  gallon 
of  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  mixture 
to  the  boiling  point,  add  as  much  sulphuric  acid 
as  may  be  necessary  to  dissolve  the  impure  alkali 


QUININISM 


m 


RACHITIS 


Then  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  animal  charcoal j 
boil  for  two  minutes ;  filter  the  liquor  while  hot, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Should  the  liquor, 
before  filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it 
very  slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.  Should  it,  on 
the  contrary,  change  the  colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  add  more  animal  charcoal.  Sep- 
arate the  crystals  from  the  liquor,  dissolve  them 
in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphu- 
ric acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  filter  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Wrap  the  crystals  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat  The 
mother-waters  may  be  made  to  yield  an  additional 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  quinia  by  precipitating 
the  quinia  with  solution  of  ammonia,  and  treating 
the  precipitated  alkali  with  water,  sulphurio  acid, 
and  animal  charcoal,  as  before. 

Quinine,  Tankatb  of,  Quinise  et  cinchoniso 
tannas — q.  Valerianate  of,  Quiniss  valerian  as. 

QUINI'NISM,  Quininis'mus,  Quinism,  Cin'- 
ehonism.  The  aggregate  of  encephalic  or  neuro- 
pathic phenomena  induced  by  over-doses  of  quinia. 

QUINOIDINE,  Chinioidine. 

QUINQUEFOLIUM,  Potentilla  reptans— Quin- 
quefolium  majus,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona— £.  Aromatique, ,  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla  —  q.  Bicolor,  Cinchona)  Caribaece 
cortex  —  q.  Faux  de  Virginie,  Cusparia  febrifnga 
— q.  Gris  de  Loxa,  Cinchonas  lancifolisB  cortex — 
q.  Jaune,  Cinchona?  cordifolias  cortex — q.  Orange, 
Cinchon®  lancifoli®  cortex — q,  Piton,  Cinchona? 
Caribseeo  cortex — q.  Rouge,  Cinchona?  oblongifo- 
liae  cortex. 

QUINSEY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — q.  Nervous, 
Angone — q.  Wolf,  Lycanche. 

QUINTAN,  Febris  quinta' na,  F.  pempta'a,  F. 


quinta;  from  quinhu,  'a  fifth.'  A  fever  wnoa* 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inclu*. 
ively ;  and  between  which  there  are,  consequently, 
three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QUINTE,  (F.)  This  word  is  used  synony- 
mously with  paroxysm  or  fit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  une  Quinte  de  Tottx— 'a  fit  of  cough- 
ing.'   Also,  the  influenza. 

QUINTEFEUILLE,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUINTES,  see  Pertussis. 

QUINTESSENCE,  Quinta  Essentia.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated  with  the 
principles  of  some  drug.  It  was,  consequently, 
often  synonymous  with  Alcoholic  tincture.  The 
most  volatile  principles  of  bodies  were,  also, 
called  Quintet' Knee*. 

QUINTI'STERNAL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  5*a 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces. 

QUINUA,  Chenopodium  quinoa. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Quotidia'nus,  Ephemera*,— it- 
self from  quotidQ,  'daily.'  That  which  takes 
place  every  day. 

Quotid'ian  Fever,  Febris  quotidia'na  seu  *«- 
mere'sia  seu  hemer'ina,  Q.  ague,  An'etu*  qvotidi- 
a'nns,  Cathe'merus,  Cathenur'inu*,  Methcmtr' !««, 
Amphemer'inos,  Ampkimer'inus,  Antphe'mems,  Ft- 
brU  amphe'mera  seu  metkemer'ina  seu  metie&tt'- 
ria,  Quotidia'nus,  (F.)  FQvre  quotidienue,  is  an 
intermittent,  the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every 
day. 

A  simple,  double,  or  triple  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms  in 
the  24  hours. 


E. 


R  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a  pre- 
scription, as  a  contraction  of  Rec"ipi.  (See  Ab- 
breviation.) Originally,  it  was  the  sign  4  of 
Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  formula, 
i»  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that  the  com- 
pound might  act  favourably. 

RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA,)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  Rab'idus,  (F.)  Rabique,  RabiSique, 
from  rabies,  'canine  madness.'  That  which  be- 
longs to  hydrophobia;  as  rabid  virus,  Ac. 

RABIEIQUE,  Rabid. 

RABIES  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

RACAHOUT,  Amylum  querneum,  A  namo 
given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  starch  prepared  from 
an  edible  acorn  obtained  from  Quereus  Ilex,  but, 
according  to  Plagge,  the  so  called  Racahout  of 
the  Arabs,  sold  in  Paris,  is  a  compound  of  pota- 
toe  starch,  chocolate,  and  aromatics, — as  vanilla. 

RACCOON  BERRY,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  'root,'  breed. 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals  whose  con- 
formation or  particular  condition  differs  percep- 
tibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties.  In 
the  human  species,  several  races  are  designated. 
See  Homo. 

RACEMEUX,  Racemosus. 

RACEMO'SUS,  Rac"emous,  Rac"emo*e,  (F.) 
•■tfactmenx.    In  clusters,  like  grapes. 

RACE'MUS.    A  cluster— as  of  grapes. 

RACHAMEL'CA,  from  Hebr.  Dm  (r«c*e>p) 
'the  womb/  and  T^D  (moleeh,)  'a  king:'  Rccha- 


mal'ca.    A  peculiar  formative  principle,  supposed, 
by  Dolseus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 

RACHE,  Porrigo. 

RACHLEI,  Rachirei. 

RACHIALOIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Rhachiodynia, 
Vertebral  disease — r.  Mesenteric*,  Tabes  me*cD> 
terica — r.  Pictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Ple- 
tonum,  Colie,  metallic 

R A GHIALQIE MESENTERTQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

RACHIALGITIS,  Rhaehialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN  ARTERIES,  Spinal  arteries—r. 
Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal,  Vertebral 
canal. 

RACHIOPHTMA,  Racbiphyma, 

RACHIPHY'MA,  Rkachiphy'ma,  R^niopk^ 
ma,  Tumor  Dorsi,  from  *paX1?>  'the  spine,*  aai 
Qvpa,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine  or  co 
the  back. 

RACHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

RACHIS'AGRA,  Rhachis'agra,  RhatV  ia?r+. 
Rhach'eagra,  Rhachid'agra,  Rkachi'tis  spimnrli\ 
from  'pax1*'  't°e  spine,'  and  aypa,  fa  seizure*  J 
gouty  or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  spine. 

RACHIT.fi,  Rhachitse. 

RACHIT'IC,  Rachit'ieus,  RhaclfYic*,,  Hf) 
RachUique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with  rickets 
Weak,  feeble  in  the  joints;  defective  in  develop- 
ment. 

RACHI'TIS,  Rhachi'tis,  from  V«X«f,  'the 
spine,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  spine.    Also,  Cyrto'n*  JU  • 


RACHITISME 


78* 


RADICAL 


thia,  Cyrton'osus,  Morbus  Ang'licus,  Osteomala'cia 
In/an' turn,  Tabes  peetorea;  Innutritio  ostium,  Spina 
nodo'sa,  Rachitis'mus,  English  disease,  Rickets ; 
from  'paxis>  'th*  spine.'  (F.)  Rachitisme,  Nouure. 
A  disease  characterized  by  crookedness  of  the 
long  bones;  swelling  of  their  extremities;  crooked 
spine;  prominent  abdomen;  large  head;  and  often 
precocity  of  intellect  It  is  accompanied  by  lean- 
ness, general  debility,  indigestion ;  and  frequently 
induces  atrophy  and  hectic.  Rickets  occurs,  par- 
ticularly, during  the  first  years  of  existence,  in 
weakly  children,  born  of  rickety  or  scrofulous 
parents ;  brought  up  in  damp  or  confined  situa- 
tions ;  who  are  badly  nourished,  and  do  not  take 
sufficient  exercise.  The  progress  and  termination 
of  the  disease  are  very  variable.  Some  children 
gradually  recover  their  health:  others  become 
more  and  more  deformed,  and  ultimately  die  of 
consumption,  dropsy,  or  other  organio  disease. 
The  treatment  is  almost  wholly  hygienic.  Pure 
air;  a  healthy  situation;  nourishing  diet;  exer- 
cise; sea  or  common  cold  bathing,  and  tonics, 
afford  the  best  prospect  of  success. 

Rachitis  Adultorum,  Mollities  ossium. 

RACHITISME,  Rachitis. 

RACIIO'SIS,  Rhacho'sis,Rako'sis,  from  7><W<»> 
or  'paKou,  '  I  wrinkle/  A  relaxation  of  the  scro- 
tum. Propto'ma  sou  lax'itas  Scroti,  Scrotum 
pen'dulum.  An  excoriation  of  the  relaxed  scro- 
tum. —  Dictionaries. 

RACINE  1  BECQUET,  Geranium  moscha- 
tum  —  r.  de  Bengal,  Cassumuniar — r.  de  Chords, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  r.  de  Dracke,  Dorstenia 
ion  tray  erva  —  r.  des  Philippines,  Dorstenia  con- 
trayerva —  r.  de-  Safran,  Curcuma  longa  —  r.  de 
Saint  Esprit,  Angelica  —  r.  Salivaire,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum  —  r.  de  Turbeth,  Convolvulus  turpe- 
thura. 

RACINES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

RACLURES  DES  BOTAUX,  Ramenta  in- 
testinorum. 

RA  CORNISSEMENT,  (F.)  from  se  racornir, 
'  to  shrivel  in  the  fire  as  leather  does/  Cor'niji- 
cation.  A  physical  property,  possessed  by  ani- 
mal substances,  which  consists  in  a  kind  of  con- 
tractility, accompanied  with  sudden  corrugation 
and  curling.  It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by 
chemical  agents,  especially  by  the  strong  mineral 
acids. 

RADCLIFFE'S  ELIXIR,  see  Tinctora  aloes 
composita. 

RADESYGE,  Radzyge. 

RADEZYGE,  Radzyge. 

RAD  I  AD,  see  Radial  aspect. 

RA'DIAL,  Radia'lis,  from  radius,  a  bone  of 
Uie  forearm.    That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANT&RIEUR,  Palmaris  magnus. 

Radial  Artery,  A.  extern'a  Cu'biti.  It  arises 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
pf  the  forearm;  descends  on  the  outer  sido  as  far 
as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  proceeds 
downwards  and  backwards  towards  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  space  which  separates  the  first 
two  metacarpal  bones.  It  then  buries  itself  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it  forms  the  pro- 
found or  radial  palmar  arch.  The  radial  artery 
gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  several  radio-mus- 
cular branches,  the  transverse  palmar  radio-carpal 
artery,  the  external  superficial  artery  of  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  the  external  dorsal  of  the  thumb,  the 
dorsalis  carpi,  dorsal  interosseous  artery  of  the 
index,  Ac. 

Radial  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  radius  is  situated.  —  Barclay.  Ra~ 
diad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  radial  aspect/ 


RADIAL  EXTERNE  PREMIER,  see  Ra- 
dialis — r.  Externe  second,  see  Radialis — r.  Grand, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.),  Spiral 
Nerve,  Spiral  muscular  N.,  Musculo-spiral  nerve, 
arises  from  the  four  inferior  branches  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus.  It  is,  at  first,  situate  behind  the 
other  nerves  of  the  plexus.  It  then  becomes  en- 
gaged between  the  three  portions  of  the  triceps 
brachialis,  passes  behind  the  humerus,  and  de- 
scends between  the  supinator  longus  and  bra- 
chials in  tern  us,  as  far  as  opposite  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius.  In  its  course  it  gives  nu- 
merous filaments  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus, 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments. Opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
radius  it  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  one 
posterior,  which  turns  backwards  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  supinator  brevis,  and  whon  it  baa 
reached  the  space  between  tho  two  layers  of 
muscles  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  forearm, 
divides  into  a  great  number  of  filaments,  which 
are  distributed  to  those  muscles,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments of  the  hand.  The  other  bran  oh  is  ante- 
rior: it  descends  before  the  supinator  brevis  and 
the  radius;  until,  near  the  inferior  third  of  that 
bone,  it  engages  itself  between  tho  tendons  of  the 
supinator  longus  and  extensor  carpi  radialis  lon- 
gior; and,  becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous, 
divides  into  two  branches,  whose  filaments  are 
distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  thumb, 
index,  middle  finger,  to  the  outside  of  the  ring 
finger,  and  to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
back  of  the  hand. 
RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 
Radial  Veins,  Deep-Seated,  follow  the  sam 
course  as  the  radial  artery. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR,  Ex 
ten' tor  Carpi  Radialis  Bre'vior,  Radialis  sccun 
dus,  (F.)  Second  radial  externe,  Petit  radial, 
Jfrpicondylo-sns-me'tacarpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  extensor 
carpi  radialis  longior.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  ter- 
minates below,  by  a  long  tendon,  inserted  into 
the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has  the  same 
uses  as  the  next  muscle. 

Radia'lis  Exter'nus  Lon'gior,  Extensor 
Carpi  Radia'lis  Lon'gior,  Radialis  externus  pri- 
mus, (F.)  Premier  radial  externe,  Grand  radial, 
Humiro  sus-me'tacarpien,  (Ch.)  It  is  seated  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thicker 
on  the  outside  than  on  the  inside.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge,  and 
to  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of  the  humerus ; 
and  terminates,  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  superior  extremity  of  tho  second 
bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  extends  the  hand  on 
the  forearm. 

Radialis  Externus  Brevior,  see  Radialis  — 
r.  Externus  primus,  see  Radialis  —  r.  Extensor 
longior,  see  Radialis — r.  Interims,  Falmaris  mag- 
nus —  r.  Seoundus,  see  Radialis. 

RAD'IATED,  Radio' tus,  from  radius,  'a ray;' 
(F.)  Rayonni.  That  which  is  arranged  in  rays; 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  Ac,  as  to 
those  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum ;  those 
which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their  inferior 
extremity,  Ac 

Radiated  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  seo 
Kidney. 

RAD'ICAL,  Radica'lis,  from  radix,  'a  root.' 
A  radical  cure,  cura  radica'lis,  is  one  in  which 
the  disease  is  destroyed,  as  it  were,  from  the  root. 
It  is  used  in  opposition  to  palliative  cure. 
Radical  Moisture,  Humidum  radical* 


RADICBS 


f40 


RALB 


Radical  Vessels,  Vascular  Rad'icUe,  (F.) 
Radieulee  vaeculairee,  are  the  small  vessels  that 
take  their  origin  in  the  tissues,  and  by  their 
onion  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDKI,  Conma  ossis 
hyoiefci. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radieis,  'a  root,' 
and  eecare,  'to  cut'  One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 

RADIO  ULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RADICULES  VASCULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 

Radii  Fbontis.  The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RADIO -CARPAL,  Radio -carpi a' nu:  That 
which  relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Articulation  is  the  writt  joint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os  semilunare, 
and  os  cunciforme  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-oartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radio-Carpal  Transverse  Palmar  Artery, 
(F.)  Artire  Radio  -carpienne-  tranevereale  -  pal  - 
maire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches  to 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

RADIO-CUTANJi  {NERF,)  see  Cutaneous— 
r.  Phalangettien  du  ponce.  Flexor  longus  pollicis 
manus. 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR,  Radio-mn»cula'ri».  A 
namo  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  tho 
first  part  of  its  course ;  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
same  muscles. 

RAD  IS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis— r.  Water,  Nas- 
turtium amphibium. 

RADIUS,  'a  spoke:' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cercie,  Foe" \U  minus  sen  euperiue,  Canna  minor, 
O*  adcubita'li,  Additamen' turn  ulna,  Manubrium 
mantis,  Parape'chyon,  Arun'do  bra' chit  minor, 
(F.)  Of  du  Rayon,  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  lesser  extremity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  neck. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bono  is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital 
tuberosity  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  os  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity 
of  the  ulna :  below,  with  the  scaphoides,  semilu- 
nare, and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  flat- 
tened before  and  behind :  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral; and  has,  below,  a  double  facette  to  be 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process ;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  facetto,  which  joins  the  ulna. 
Behind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from  three 
points  of  ossification  ;  one  for  the  body,  and  one 
for  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 

R  A'DIX,  Rhiza.   A  root:  also,  the  male  organ. 

Radix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin,  Ac. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  the  prolongations, 
sent  by  scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours 
into  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  Root*,  Quinque  radi'cte  ape- 
rien'tee,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
fennel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 

Five  Lester  Aperient  Roots,  Quinque  radi'ces 


aperien'tet  m«fio'r*«,— were  caper,  dandelion, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gomphocar 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Basis  Cordis.  The  base  of  th* 
heart 

Radix  Ihdica  Lopxziabta,  Lope*  radix — * 
Linguao,  see  Tongue — r.  Lopeziana,  Lopes  radix 
— r.  Ninsi,  Sium  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — r.  Ser- 
pentum,  see  Ophiorrhisa  mungos  —  r.  Unguis, 
Nail,  root  of — r.  Ventris,  Umbilicus. 

RADULA,  Raspatorinm. 

RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Radesyge,  Radetyge, 
Tha'ria,  properly  Theria,  from  (hiptsv,  ('cA»c,) 
'  a  malignant  ulcer.*  Lepra  borea'lis  seu  Acrrrc- 
gica,  Nonce' (/ian  Lep'rosy.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  tho  Spedalske,  or  Spedalshhed 
— of  Norway,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  elephan- 
tiasis GrflBCorum. 

RAGE,  Ira,  Furor  brevis,  Orge,  Thymos,  (F.) 
Colore*  Violent  passion,  characterised  by  con- 
traction of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 

Ragb,  Rh&ge. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia. 

RAGWEED,  Ambrosia  elatior— r.  Great,  Am- 
brosia  trifida. 

RAGWORT,  Senecio  Jacob**. 

RAIDEUR  CADAV&RIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 

RAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Sautage, 
Cochlearia  armorooia. 

RAINBOW-WORM,  Herpes  iris. 

RAINURE,  Groove— r.  Digastrique,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitis  vinifera— r.  d'Amtrique, 
Phytolacca  decandra — r.  de  Rote,  Vaccinium 
myrtillus  —  r.  d'Ours,  Arbutus  uva  ursi  —  r.  de 
Renard,  Paris. 

RAISINliRE  (F.)  A  name  given  to  a  small 
granular,  brownish  or  blackish  tumour,  which 
forms  occasionally  at  the  surface  of  the  cornea, 
in  consequence  of  ulcers  or  accidental  wounds  ol 
that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uv©  passoe,  see  Vitus  vinifera — » 
de  Corinthe,  see  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 

RAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour ;  semi-transpa- 
rent ;  brittle ;  softening  and  becoming  tenacious 
by  heat ;  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a 
very  agreeable  smell  when  heated ;  and  possessing 
a  balsamic  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  precise 
vegetable  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and 
urinary  affections. 

RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 

RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RALE,  Rattle,  Rhonehut,  RKenchus,  Rhenxis, 
from  (D.)  Rat  el;  Rhoncus,  Cerchnue,  Rhogmos, 
(F.)  Rdle,  Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  passing 
through  mucus,  of  which  the  lungs  are  unable  to 
free  themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  obser- 
ved at  the  approach  of  death,  and  is  commonly 
called,  "the  rattle*." 

The  term  Rdle  has  been  given  to  different 
sounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air 
passing  through  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi, 
or  areolae  of  the  pulmonary  tissue;  which  are 
perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  BRONCHIQVE  SBC,  Rdle  wmore— r. 
Bronehique  humide,  R.  muqueux  —  r.  Oartrneur, 
Gurgling — r.  Cavemuleux,  see  Gurgling — r.  Cri- 


BALE 


141 


RANUNCULUS 


mtent,  Rhonchus  crepitans,  see  Crepitant— r.  c. 
Redux,  see  Crepitant. 

RALE  MUQUEUX,  Rhon'chus  muco'sus,  Mu- 
cous Battle,  ft.  bronehique  humide.  The  sound 
produced  by  the  passage  of  air  through  muous  ac- 
cumulated in  the  larger  bronchi  or  trachea,  or 
through  softened  tubercular  matter.  This  r&le 
occurs  in  catarrh,  and  in  softened  tubercle. 
When  carried  to  a  very  high  degree,  it  consti- 
tutes gurgling,  (F.)  OargouiUement.  The  sub- 
erep'itant  rhonchus,  (F.)  BdU  sous-cripitant,  is 
produoed  by  the  bubbling  of  air  through  liquid 
of  variable  consistence  in  the  minute  bronchial 
tubes.  When  heard  at  the  base  of  both  lungs,  it 
is  a  sign  of  capillary  bronchitis.  When  heard  at 
one  base  only,  it  is  generally  oonnected  with  tu- 
berculosis higher  up. 

BALE  SIBILANT,  Rhon'chus  rib'ilw  sen  *ib'- 
ilans,  Sib'ilani  Battle.  A  slight,  though  pro- 
longed, whistling  sound,  occurring  either  at  the 
commencement  of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration, 
owing  to  the  presence  of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid, 
but  not  abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less 
completely,  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications. 
It  is  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in 
the  first  stage  of  bronchitis.  The  clicking  and 
whittling  varieties  differ,  in  the  former  being 
short,  the  latter  prolonged.  The  former  is  a 
quick  sharp  sibilus  or  whistle,  which  ceases  al- 
most instantaneously;  the  latter  a  prolonged 
Bibulus,  of  less  sharpness,  lasting  almost  the 
whole  time  of  the  movement  which  it  accompa- 
nies. To  these  may  be  added  the  hissing  vari- 
ety, the  name  sufficiently  indicating  its  character. 

BALE  SO  NO  BE,  BdU  bronehique  sec,  B.  ron- 
fiant,  Bhonchus  sono'rus,  SonMrous  Battle,  A 
sound  resembling  at  times  the  snoring — (F.)  Ron- 
fUment  —  of  a  person  asleep ;  at  others  the  sound 
of  the  bass  string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed 
with  the  finger,  and  not  unfrequently  the  cooing 
— (F.)  Boucoulement — of  a  dove.  It  seems  to  be 
caused  by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
and  is  characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

BALE  SOUS-CB£pITANT,  see  BdU  »«- 
queux. 

BALE  VESICULAIBE,  see  Crepitation. 

BAMEAU,  Ramus. 

RAMEN'TA  INTESTINO'RUM,  (F.)  Ba- 
elnres  de8  Boyaux.  The  shreds  or  scrapings,  as  it 
were,  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bowels, 
often  discharged  in  malignant  dysentery.  The 
evacuation  in  which  these  are  contained  has  been 
termed  Diachore'tna  xysmato'des. 

RAMENTUM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAMEX,  Hernia—  r.  Varicosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICATION,  Ramifica'txo,  from  ramus, 
'a  branch,'  andjfo,  'to  become.'  A  division  of 
arteries,  veins,  or  nerves  into  branches.  Also,  a 
branch  itself. 

BAMILLE,  Ramusculus. 

BAMOLLISSEMENT,  Mollities —r.  du  Cer- 
veau,  Mollities  cerebri — r.  du  Cceur,  Cardiomala- 
cia — r.  de  VEntomac,  G  astro  malaria — r.  du  Foie, 
Hepatomalacia — r.  Oris,  see  Hepatization — r.  de 
la  Moelle  Spiniire,  Mollities  medullas  spinalis — 
r.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — r.  de  VIntestin,  En- 
tero-malacia — r.  des  0»,  Mollities  ossium. 

RAMPANT,  (F.)  ramper,  *  to  climb/  Repens. 
Septan*.  That  which  creeps  or  drags  on  the 
earth.  The  French  Bandage  rampant  has  the 
folds  arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving 
intervals  between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

BAMPES  DU  LIMAfON,  Soala  of  the 
cochlea, 


RAMPHOS,  Rostrum. 
RAMULUS,  Ramusculus. 
RAMUNCULUS,  Ramusculus. 
RAMUS,  Clados,  a  branch,  (F.)  Bameau.    A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.    Also,  the 
male  organ. 

Ramus  Durior  Septimus  Conjugations,  Fa- 
cial nerve. 

RAMUS'CULUS,  Bam'ulm,  Bamun'culv», 
Sur'culue,  CladWcos,  diminutive  of  ramus.  A 
division  of  a  ramus.    (F.)  BamuscuU,  Bamille. 

RANA  ESCULEN'TA,  (F.)  OrenouilU.    This 
frog  and  the  bull-frog,  Bana  Tauri'na — are  eaten 
as  a  delicacy.     They  are  nutritious,  and  easily 
digested. 
Rana,  Ranula. 
BANCS,  Raneid. 

RANCID,  Ran'cidus,  Sapros,  (F.)  Ranee,  from 
rancerc,  'to  be  stale.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  become  acrid  from  age  or  the 
contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may  thus  become 
very  irritating,  and  unfit  for  the  purposes  for 
which  they  were  originally  intended. 

RANINE,  Bani'na;  from  Bana,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so  called ; 
that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery  which  advances 
horizon  tally  between  the  genio-glossns  and  lin- 
gualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of  the  tongue. 
The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same  course  as  the 
artery,  and  opens  into  the  internal  jugular  or  in- 
to the  superior  thyroid. 

RAN'ULA,  from  Bana,  'a  frog,'  so  called  from 
its  resemblance ;  Dyspha'gia  Ranula,  Emphrag*- 
ma  saliva' re,  Frog  Tongue,  Ba'trachos,  Batra'- 
ckium,  Hydroglos'sa,  ffypoglossis,  Bypoglossum, 
Hypoglot'tis,  Mypoglos'sium,  Bana,  (F.J  OrenouiU 
lette.  A  small,  soft,  fluctuating,  and  semi-trans- 
parent tumour,  which  forms  under  the  tongue, 
owing  to  the  accumulation  of  saliva  in  Wharton's 
duct  In  order  to  give  exit  to  the  accumulated 
fluid,  and  to  establish  a  permanent  opening  for 
the  discharge  of  the  saliva,  the  cyst  may  be  pune- 
tued,  and  the  opening  maintained  by  a  minute 
cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  extremity,  as  has 
been  recommended  by  Dupuytren;  or  a  portion  of 
the  cyst  may  be  removed  by  the  scissors,  and  the 
mouth  be  frequently  washed  by  any  astringent 
lotion.  Sometimes,  the  salivary  duct  is  found 
plugged  by  a  small  calculus. 
Ranula  Lapidea,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 
RANUN'CULUS,  (F.)  Benoncule.  Family 
Ranunculaceee.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygy- 
nia.  A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of 
which,  when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poi- 
sons. See  Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and 
vesicant,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  and  have  ac- 
cordingly been  often  used  as  counter-irritants. 
The  following  species  answer  to  this  description. 
Ranunculus  Abortivus,  Small /lowered  Crow- 
foot, Chicken-pepper. 

Ranunculus  Acme,  R.  praten'si*  sen  Stewnii 
sen  ru'fulus  sett  sylvatficus  seu  Sic'nlus,  Upright 
Meadow   Crowfoot,   Butter    Cupa,     Yellow-weed, 
Blister-weed,  Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadow-bloom, 
Yellows,  (F.)  Boutan  cTor. 
Ranunculus  A  lb  us,  Anemone  nemorosa. 
Ranunculus  Aquaticus,  R.  sceleratus. 
Ranunculus  Bulbo'sus,  B.  latus,  Ranuncu- 
lus (Ph.   U.   S.),  Bulbous-rooted  Crowfoot,  (F.) 
Benoncule  bulbeuse,  Bassinet. 
Ranunculus  Dioitatus,  R.  sceleratus. 
Ranunculus  Dbcunatub,  R.  flammula. 
Ranunculus  Fioa'ria,    Chelido'nium  iwtnnt, 
Sorophula'ria    minor,    Fiea'ria   ranunculoVdm, 
seu  verna  seu  commu'nis,  Chelido'nia  rotundifo'Ua 
minor,  Cur'suma  kamorrkoida'li$  herba,  R*mm~ 


RADIOES 


T40 


RALE 


Radical  Vessels,  Vas'cular  Rad'iclet,  (F.) 
Radieules  vasculaires,  are  the  small  vessels  that 
take  their  origin  in  the  tissues,  and  by  their 
union  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOLDEI,  Cornua  ossis 
hyoicfei. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  seeare,  'to  out.'  One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 

RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RADICULES  VASCULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 

Radii  Froxtis.  The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RADIO -CARPAL,  Radio  -carpia'nu*.  That 
which  relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Articulation  is  the  wrist  Joint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os  semilunare, 
and  os  cuneiforme  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-cartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radio-Carpal  Transverse  Palmar  Artery, 
(F.)  Art&re  Radio -carpienne- transversals -pal - 
niaire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branohes  to 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

RADlO-CUTANJb  (NERF,)  see  Cutaneous— 
r.  Phalangettien  du  pouce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis 
manus. 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR,  Radio-muscula'ris.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  the 
first  part  of  its  course ;  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
samo  muscles. 

RAD  IS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis— r.  Water,  Nas- 
turtium araphibium. 

RADIUS,  'a  spoke:' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cereis,  Foc"\ll  minus  seu  superius,  Canna  minor, 
Os  adcubita'U,  Additamen' 'turn  ulna,  3fanu'brium 
manus,  Parape'ehyon,  Arun'do  bra'chii  minor, 
(F.)  Os  du  Rayon.  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  leaser  extremity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  neck. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bono  is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital 
tuberosity  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  os  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity 
of  the  ulna :  below,  with  the  scaphoides,  semilu- 
nare, and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  flat- 
tened before  and  behind :  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral; and  has,  below,  a  double  facette  to  be 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process ;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  facetto,  which  joins  the  ulna. 
Behind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from  three 
points  of  ossification ;  one  for  the  body,  and  ono 
for  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 

RA'DIX,  Rhiza.  A  root:  also,  the  male  organ. 

Radix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin,  Ac. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  the  prolongations, 
sent  by  scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours 
into  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  RooU,  Qm'nque  radi'ees  ape- 
rien'tes,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
fennel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 

Fws  Lester  Aperient  RooU,  Quinque  radi'ecs 


aperien'te*   minoWes, — were   caper, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gompho 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Brasiliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Basis  Cordis.  The  base  of  tlr 
heart. 

Radix  Ihdica  Lopzziaka,  Lopes  radix  — » 
Lingua),  see  Tongue — r.  Lopeziana,  Lopes  radix 
— r.  Ninsi,  Sium  ninsl — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — r.  Ser- 
pentum,  see  Ophiorrhisa  mungos  —  r.  Unguis, 
Kail,  root  of — r.  Ventris,  Umbilicus. 

RAD U LA,  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Radesyge,  Rnd^yye, 
Thm'ria,  properly  Theria,  from  070cm*,  ('cX***) 
'  a  malignant  ulcer.'  Lepra  borea'lis  seu  Xottc- 
aiea,  Nonoe'gian  Lep'rosy.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  the  Spedalshe,  or  Spedalshled 
—of  Norway,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  elephan- 
tiasis Gnncorum. 

RAGE,  Ira,  Furor  brevis,  Orge,  Thymos,  {¥.) 
Colore*  Violent  passion,  characterized  by  con- 
traction of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 

Ragb,  Rhage. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia, 

RAGWEED,  Ambrosia  elatior— r.  Great,  Am- 
brosia trifida. 

RAGWORT,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 

RAIDEUR  CADAVJERIQUE,  Rigor  martin. 

RAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortensis— r.  Sasmrg** 
Cochlearia  armomcia. 

RAINBOW- WORM,  Herpes  iris. 

RAIN U RE,  Groove— r.  Jh'gastrique,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitis  vinifera — r.  tTAmfHqve. 
Phytolacca  decandra — r.  de  Bois,  Vacc-iniucs 
myrtillus  —  r.  d'Ours,  Arbutus  uva  urai — r.  d§ 
Renard,  Paris. 

RAISINIERE  (F.)  A  name  given  to  a  *ma? 
granular,  brownish  or  blackish  tumour,  whica 
forms  occasionally  at  the  surface  of  the  cornea 
in  consequence  of  ulcers  or  accidental  wounds  J 
that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uvso  passu?,  see  Vitus  vinifera — a 
de  Corinthe,  see  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 

RAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour ;  semi-tran?r*- 
rent;  brittle,*  softening  and  becoming  tenacwes 
by  heat ;  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a 
very  agreeable  smell  when  heated ;  and  possesviri; 
a  balsamic  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  preei** 
vegetable  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and 
urinary  affections. 

RAKIA,  see  Spirit 

RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RALE,  Rattle,  Rhonekus,  Rhenchus,  Rk#*zi* 
from  (D.)  Rat  el;  Rhoncus,  Cerchmts,  Rhoymm, 
(F.)  Rdle.  Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  pas^iar 
through  mucus,  of  which  the  lungs  are  unabk  fc 
free  themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  obser- 
ved at  the  approach  of  death,  and  is  comssenrr 
called,  "the  rattles." 

The  term  Rdle  has  been  given  to  different 
sounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air 
passing  through  fluid  contained  in  the  brooeai, 
or  areolae  of  the  pulmonary  tissue;  wtuck  art 
perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  BRONCHIQUE  SBC,  RdU  NMiv-r, 
Bronehique  humide,  R.  muqveux  —  r.  Obf«n»e«ur, 
Gurgling— r.  Cavernuleux,  see  Gurgling— r.  CV*. 


RASURA 


US 


RBCLINATION 


RASU'RA,  Xysma,  Xysmos,  (F.)  Rdpure,  from 
radere,  rasum,  *  to  scrape/  A  rasure,  or  scratch, 
or  erosion.  Also,  the  rasping  or  shaving  of  any 
substance;  as  Rosu'rcs  Cornu  Cervi,  Hartshorn 
shavings. 

Rasura,  Scobs. 

RATAFI'A.  A  liquor  prepared  by  imparting 
to  ardent  spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of 
fruits,  adding  sugar. 

RATANHY,  Kramoria  ratanhia— r.  of  the  An- 
tilles, Krameria  ixina. 

It  ATE,  Spleen. 

RAT£lEUX,  Spleneticus. 

R ATELIER,  see  Dentier. 

RATIO,  Rationa'litas,  from  reor,  ratus,  'to 
think/  A  reason,  a  cause,  an  explanation,  a 
mode  or  manner;  as  Ratio  symptom' at  urn,  an  ex- 
planation  of  the  symptoms,  —  Ratio  meden'di, 
Genua  curatio'nis,  Via  curandi;  the  mode  or 
manner  of  cure. 

Ratio,  Reason  —  r.  Medendi,  see  Ratio  —  r. 
Symptomatum,  see  Ratio. 

RAT" ION AL,  Rationa'lis.  That  which  is 
conformable  to  reason.  This  epithet  is  often  op- 
posed to  empirical;  as  rational  treatment.  The 
French,  also,  say  Signet  rationales,  in  opposition 
to  Signet  sensibles.    See  Organic 

RATIONALITAS,  Ratio. 

RATSBANE,  Arsenious  acid. 

RATTLE,  R&le. 

RATTLES,  THE,  see  Rdle. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinetoria. 

RATTLESNAKE,  Crotalus  horridus— r.  Leaf, 
Goodyera  pubescens — r.  Plantain,  Goodyera  pu- 
bescens — r.  Root,  Nabalus  albus,  Polygala  senega, 
Trillium  latifolium — r.Weed,  Hieracium  venosum. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave  Virgi- 
nica,  Liatris  scariosa,  Nabalus  albus. 

RATTLE  WEED,  Actsea  racemosa. 

RATULA,  Raspatorium. 

RAUCE'DO,  Rau'citas,  Parapho'nia  rauca, 
Asper'itat  Arte'ria  at'pera,  Vox  rauca,  Bran- 
ch us  t  Hoarseness,  (F.)  Mnronemeut,  Raucitf.  A 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smoothness 
and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a  common 
symptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Raucedo  Catarrha'lis.  Hoarseness  from 
cold. 

RAUCITAS,  Raucedo. 

RAUClTti,  Raucedo. 

RAUCOUS,  Raucu*.  Hoarse;  as  a  raucous 
Toice —  Vox  rauea  seu  raucis'ona. 

RA  VE,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAYOXNJ2,  Radiated. 

RAYONS  SOUS-IRIENS,  Ciliary  processes. 

RAZOR,  Colter  Tonsor'ius,  Mach&'ris,  Norac'- 
via,  Xyrum,  Xyrus,  (F.)  Rasoir,  from  radere, 
rasum,  'to  shave/  An  instrument  for  shaving. 
Used  in  surgery  to  remove  hairs,  where  they 
would  interfere  with  any  operation. 

REACHING,  Vomiturition. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  'to  act/  An  action  of  resistance 
to  a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  move- 
ment or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  de- 
stroy the  effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied  to 
the  animal  economy,  and  which,  by  some,  has 
been  attributed  to  the  vis  medicatrix  natural. 
It  is  certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinc- 
tive actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  acti- 
vity which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous 
system  of  certain  morbific  influences. 

REAL'GAR,  Realgal,  Arlada,  Arladar,  Anri- 
pigmen'tum  rubrum,  Arsen'icum  rubrum  facti"- 
tfum,  Abessi,  Sandara'cha  Graco'rum,  Red  SuL- 


fhuret  of  Mercury.     A  violent  poison.      Bat 
oison. 

REASON,  Ra'tio,  Logos,  (F.)  Raison.  Same 
etymon  as  Ratio.  The  faculty  or  property  of  the 
mind  by  means  of  which  man  perceives  the  dis- 
tinction between  right  and  wrong,  in  physics  as 
well  as  in  morals.  Reason  is  a  just  conclusion 
resulting  from  the  comparison  of  two  ideas,  by 
virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 

REBOLEA,  Mummy. 

REBONA,  Mummy. 

REBOUTEUR,  Rcnoneur. 

RECEIVER,  Ampulla,  (F.)  Ballon,  Recipient. 
In  pharmacy,  a  wide-necked  globular  vessel,  the 
neck  of  which  widens  gradually  outwards,  to 
receive  the  tapering  beak  of  the  retort  in  distilla- 
tion. Like  the  retort,  the  receiver  may  be  plain 
or  tubulated. 

A  quilled  receiver  is  one  that  has  a  tapering 
tube  from  its  lower  surface,  which  is  inserted  into 
a  graduated  bottle  through  a  cork  joint,  when  it 
is  desirable  to  know  accurately  the  amount  of 
fluid  that  has  parsed  over. 

RECEPTACULA  DVTLM  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  ma  tor. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI,  'receptacle  of 
the  chyle  ;*  R.  Pecquet fi  seu  Pecquet ia'num,  2)i- 
verso'rium  Chyli,  Stagnum  chyli,  Sac' cuius  ehy'- 
li/er  seu  ro'njfer,  Saccus  lac'teus,  AVveus  ampul- 
lo'sus  seu  ampulles'cens,  Utric'ulus  lacteus,  Ve- 
sic'ula  chyli,  Ampul' la  chylif'era  seu  chyli,  Cis- 
ter'na  lumba'ris,  C.  Chyli,  Chylocya'tis,  Chylado- 
cki'um,  Lat'ices  lactci,  Lumbar  cistern,  Reservoir 
of  Pecquet,  (F.)  Reservoir  du  chyle,  R.  de  Pec- 
quet, Citerne  lombaire.  A  considerable  dilatation 
of  the  thoracic  duct,  in  front  of  the  lumbar  region 
of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  tho  commence- 
ment of  the  duct 

Receptac'ulcm  Cotun'nii.  A  triangular 
space,  formed  by  a  separation  of  the  two  lamina) 
of  the  dura  mater  of  the  internal  ear,  near  the 
middle  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  where  the  aqu&duc- 
tus  vestibuli  terminates.  It  is  always  filled  with 
the  Fluid  of  Cottigno. 

Receptaculum  Pecqueti,  R.  Chyli — r.  Sella 
cquime  lateribus  appositum,  Cavernous  sinus. 

RECEPTIVITY,  Reeeptiv'itas,  (F.)  Riccpti- 
viti,  from  recipere,  receptum,  '  to  receive/  A 
won!  used  by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility 
of  certain  organs  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 

RECEPTUM,  Prescription. 

RECESSIO,  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus  — r.  Sulciformis, 
see  Fovea  vestibuli. 

RECHAMALCA,  Rachamelca. 

RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIDIVA  MORBI,  Relapse. 

RECIDIVE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIPE,  (L.)  (re,  and  capcre,  'to  take/) 
A  Latin  word  which  signifies  'take,1  (F.)  Preneu, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced. 
It  is,  often,  represented  by  R,  R,  and  was  for- 
merly by  4,  the  symbol  of  Jove.  See  Abbrevia- 
tion. 

RECIPIENT,  Receiver. 

RECIPROCATION,  VIBRATIONS  OF,  Bee 
Sound. 

RECLINATIO,  Reclination— r.  Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 

RECLINA'TION,  Rcclina'tio,  from  reclinarc, 
(re,  and  clinare,  *  to  bend/)  *  to  bend  back/  A 
mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract,  which  con 
sists  in  applying  the  needle  in  a  certain  mannei 
to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cataract  and  de- 
pressing it  into  the  vitreous  humour,  in  such  a 
way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cataract  is  the 
upper  one  and  its  back  surface  the  lower  one. 


KECLUSOfi 


m 


RECTUS 


RECLTTSOR  PALPEBRARUM,  Levator  pal. 
pebrss  superioris. 

RECOMPOSTTION,  Motasynchrisis. 

RECONVALESCENTIA,  Convalescence. 

RECORDATIO,  Memory. 

RECORDATUS,  Memory. 

RECORPORATIVU3,  Metasyncritic, 

RECOVERY,  Restauratio. 

RECREATIO,  Restauratio. 

RECREMENT,  Recremen'tum,  from  re,  and 
cernere,  cretum,  *  to  sift.'  A  humour,  which,  after 
having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is  again 
returned  to  it ;  such  as  the  saliva,  the  secretion 
of  serous  membranes,  Ac.  Such  fluid  is  said  to 
be  recrementitial,  (F.)  RScrimenteux,  Rieremen- 
titiel. 

RECREMENTA  VESICA,  Urine. 

RECREMEN'TO-EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile,  Ac, 
which  are  in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  part  excreted. 

RECREMENTUM,  Recrement 

RECRUDESCEN'TIA,  Palincote'sis,  Rccru- 
des'cence,  from  re,  'again/  and  crudns,  'raw.' 
An  increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTAL,  Recta'lis.  Appertaining,  or  relating 
to,  the  rectum,  —  as  'rectal  tube.'  See  Tube, 
rectal. 

RECTIFICATION,  Itectiftca'tio,  from  rcctwn 
facere,  *  to  make  right'  An  operation  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  them 
either  singly  or  after  admixture  with  other  sub- 
stances. 

RECTI'TIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum, 
and  it  is,  denoting  inflammation ;  properly  orchi- 
tis, or  proctitis.  Inflammation  of  the  rectum. 
Proctitis,  Proctalgia  inflammato'ria. 

RECTOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RECTO-VAG"INAL,  Recto-vagina' lis.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  rectum  or  vagina. 

Recto-vaginal  Fistula  is  owing  to  a  preter- 
natural communication  between  the  rectum  and 
vagina,  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto- vag ix al  Septum,  (F.)  Chiton  recto- 
raginale,  is  formed  by  the  junction  —  back  to 
back  —  (or  by  what  the  French  term  adornment) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTO-VES'ICAL,  Recto-vesica'lis.  Having 
relation  to  the  rectum  and  bladder;  as  the  "recto- 
vesical fold  or  pouch"  of  the  peritoneum,  between 
the  rectum  and  bladder. 

RECTUM ;  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it  is 
straight  It  is  not  so.  Internum  Rectum, 
Apeuthys'menos,  Euthyen'teron,  Longaon,  Longas, 
Longanon,  Archos,  Cys'saros,  Princeps,  Monoco'- 
lon  (?).  The  third  and  last  portion  of  the  great 
intestine.  It  forms  the  continuation  of  the  Big- 
moid  flexure  of  the  colon,  occupies  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  extends  from  the  left  side 
of  the  sacro-vertebral  articulation  to  the  coccyx, 
before  which  it  opens  outwards  by  the  orifice 
called  the  anus.  It  is  cylindrical,  but  saccated, 
as  it  were,  at  its  inferior  portion,  where  it  is  con- 
sequently larger,  and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum 
by  the  mesorectum.  Like  the  other  portions  of 
the  canal  it  is  formed  of  three  membranes.  To- 
wards the  lower  extremity,  some  parallel  and 
longitudinal  wrinkles  are  observable  on  its  inner 
surface:  these  are  the  Columns,  Colum'na  car1- 
nea  of  the  Rectum  or  of  Morgagni,  (F.)  Golonnee 
Hu  rectum  on  de  Morgagni,  They  are  merely 
folds  of  the  mucous  membrane,  between  whioh  is 
a  number  of  Lacuna.  The  arteries  of  the  rectum 
are  numerous.  They  proceed  from  the  inferior 
Mesenteric,  hypogastric,  and  internal  pudic,  and 
are  called  hemorrhoidal.    The  veins  open,  partly 


into  the  hypogastric  vein,  partly  into  the  infemr 
mesenteric.  The  nerves  proceed  from  the  aciatie 
and  hypogastric  plexuses.  The  rectum  receives 
the  fffical  matters,  as  they  pass  from  the  colon, 
which  serves  as  a  reservoir. 

RECTUS  ABDOMINIS,  (F.)  Pubio-stermal, 
Stemo-pubien  (Ch.),  Droit  de  Fabd*men.  A  long 
flat  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  th« 
abdomen,  and  separated  from  that  of  the  opposite 
side  by  the  linea  alba.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  cartilages  of  the  last  three  true  ribs;  and, 
below,  to  the  pubis  by  a  very  etrong  tendon,  the 
outer  edge  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  fa*eia 
transversalis.  This  muscle  is  enclosed  in  an 
aponeurotic  sheath ;  and,  in  its  conrse,  has  three 
or  four  transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It 
bends  the  chest  on  the  pelvis,  and  conversely. 

Rectus  Anterior  Bbetis,  Rectos  capitis  ia- 
ternus  minor — r.  Anterior  longns,  R.  capitis  nv 
ternns  major  —  r.  Capitis  anticus  longus,  &.  a 
internus  major. 

Rectus  Capitis  Irtbrncs  Major,  R.  tiirrm 
major,  R.  anterior  longus,  Rectus  capitis  antfem 
longus,  (F.)  TrachUo-basilaire,  Grand  droit  em- 
tirienr  de  la  tite.  This  muscle  U  long  in  pro- 
portion to  its  breadth,  flat,  and  broader  above 
than  below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the 
transverse  processes  of  the  third,  fourth,  ifih, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebrae.  It  is  inserted  kiu 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Minor,  R.  i*ttr*vn 
minor,  Ren'ucns,  An'nuens,  R.  anterior  eVenV. 
(F.)  Petit  trachilo-basilairc,  Petit  droit  antfrirvr 
de  la  tite.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  k>t 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  belt 
of  the  first  vertebra,  near  the  origin  of  the  trans- 
verse process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  bas£arr 
process. 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lis,  R.  laterals  FaL 
lo'pii,  Transversa' lis  anti'cus  primus,  Reehts  late- 
ralis, (F.)  Trachilo-atlotdo-basilaire,  Atlori*- 
sous-occipital  (Ch.),  Droit  lateral  de  la  tits. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  cf 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  tie 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines  :fc* 
head  to  one  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Major,  /?.  Mfyer. 
R.  Capitis  posti'cus  minor  (Albino*),  &pimi-<6T- 
otdo- occipitalis,  (F.)  Axoido- occipital*  (Ck.\ 
Grand  droit  poetSrieur  de  la  tite.  A  fiat,  trian- 
gular muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  snperL« 
part  of  the  neck.  It  extends  from  the  tpiaccJ 
process  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  :!* 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 
of  the  occipital  bone.  This  muscle  extends  tif 
head,  inclines  it  to  one  side,  and  causes  it  to  ex- 
perience a  rotary  motion,  which  directs  the  he* 
to  its  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Mtkor,  Jt.  strVr. 
(F.)  Tuber -atloldo- occipital,  Atloido  ~  ocrrf^i 
(Ch.),  Petit  droit  postirieur  de  ta  l/fe.  A  Ui. 
triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  whki 
passes  from  the  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  tat 
occipital  bone.    It  extends  the  head. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R.  a  p. 
major  —  r.  Cruris,  R.  femoris. 

Rectus  Externus  Oculi,  Abductor  ocW*.  Ja- 
dignabun'dus,  Indignato'rius,  Iruemn'dtss,  (V** 
lum  movens  secun'dns,  Orbito- trims -setfrvtirien* 
All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  number, 
arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye.  Tat 
Rectus  externus,  (FJ  Droit  extemey  Irnseisie  <m 
Abdueteur,  is  divided,  at  its  posterior  cxtresaMj, 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to  lis 


RECUMTORIUM 


74* 


RBGIMBN 


cuter  part  of  the  foramen  opticum,  aad  the  other 
to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Rectus  Fem'oris,  Rectus  sire  Qrac"ilis  ante- 
rior, Rectus  cruris,  (F.)  Ilio-rotulien,  Droit  antf- 
rieur  de  la  cuirse.  A  straight  muscle,  seated  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Oculi,  Depres'sor  oculi,  TimT- 
idut,  Dcp'rimens,  Hu'milit,  Oc'ulum  movent  quar- 
tos, (F.)  Sout-optico-sphSno-tcUroticien,  Droit  in- 
firieur  ou  abaisseur  de  Voeil,  Muscle  humble, 
arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the  sphenoid 
bone.    It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Internus  Oc'uli,  Addu'cene  oculi,  Bi- 
bito'rius,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movent  primus, 
(F.)  Orbito-ifUut-tclirotieien,  Droit  interne  de 
Vail  ou  adducteur  ou  buveur.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  opti- 
oum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Attol'lent  oculi,  At- 
tol'lens  oc'ulum,  Leva' tor  oculi,  Superbut,  Eleva! 
tor  oculi,  Oculum  movent  tertiut,  (F.)  Sus-optico- 
sphino-scltroticien,  Droit  supirieur  ou  ilivateur 
de  Vceil,  Didaigneur,  is  attached  to  the  circum- 
ference of  the  foramen  optioum. 

All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique  mus- 
cles have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to  execute 
the  involuntary. [?] 

Rectus  Irferior  Femorib,  Gracilis  —  r.  In- 
ternus  major,  R.  capitis  in  tern  us  major  —  r.  In- 
terims minor,  R.  capitis  in  tern  us  minor  —  r.  La- 
teralis, R.  capitis  lateralis — r.  Lateralis  Follopii, 
R.  capitis  lateralis — r.  Major,  R.  capitis  posticus 
major  —  r.  Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 

RECUBITORIUM,  Anaclinterium. 

RECUPERATION,  Restauratio. 

REC  IMPERATIVE,  Recu'peratory,  from  reeu- 
peratio,  'recovery/  Restorative.  Recovering. 
Belonging  to  recovery. 

RECUR'RENT,  Reour'rens,  from  reeurrere, 
{re,  and  currere),  *  to  run  back/  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the  trunk 
whence  they  emanate. 

Recurrent  Arteries.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  arteries  of  the  forearm,  and  to 
one  of  the  leg.  In  the  forearm,  there  are,  1.  The 
Radial  recurrent,  ArUre  ricurrente  de  Vipicon- 
dule  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  superior  part 
of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  supinator 
longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  brachialis  internus.  2. 
The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A,  ricurrente  de 
Vlpitrochlie  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  upper 
and  inner  part  of  the  cubital,  and  ascends  be- 
tween the  pronator  teres  and  brachialis  internus. 
3.  The  posterior  cubital  recurrent,  which  arises 
from  the  preceding  artery,  or  from  the  cubital 
itself,  and  ascends  between  the  olecranon  and  in- 
ternal tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  4.  The  poste- 
rior radial  recurrent,  A.  ricurrente  oUcranienne 
(Ch.).  It  arises  from  the  posterior  interosseous, 
and  ascends  between  the  posterior  cubital  and 
anconeus  muscles.  In  the  leg,  —  the  Arteria  re- 
current tibia' lit,  A.  ricurrente  du  genou  (Ch.),  is 
furnished  by  the  anterior  tibial,  and  ascends  to 
the  tibialis  anticus  muscle. 

Recurrent  Bandages  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  the  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of 
cap  for  the  part  —  as  the  head  —  to  which  they 
are  applied. 

RECURVATIO,  see  Hump. 

RECUTITUS,  Apella. 

REDBEAN,  Abrus  precatorius. 


BEDBBRRY,  Arbutus  nva  vrsi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r.  Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 

RED  HEAD,  Asolepias  Carasaavica— r.  Root, 
Celastrus,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis— r.  Swamp, 
Vacoinum  oxycoooos. 

REDIMICULUM,  Diadema. 

REDINQOTES  ANGLAISES,  see  Condom. 

REDINTEGRATIO,  Regeneration,  Restau- 
ratio. 

REDIVTA,  Paronychia. 

RJSDONDANCE,  Plethora. 

REDO  UBLEMENT,Exaoer\MJdojitVaroxjsm. 

REDS,  Menses. 

REDUCTIO,  Taxis  —  r.  Pneputii  Impedita, 
Phimosis. 

REDUCTION,  Reduc'tio,  Repotie'io,  Resti* 
tu'tio,  Diap'lasie,  Diaplas'mue,  Syntax' is,  from 
re,  and  ducere,  ductum,  'to  lead/  A  surgical 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  restore  dis- 
placed parts  to  their  original  situation.  Thus, 
we  say  the  reduction  of  a  luxation,  when  the 
displaced  parts  are  again  brought  to  their  proper 
relative  situation.  The  reduction  of  a  hernia  is 
the  restoration  of  the  protruded  parts  to  the  ca- 
vity of  the  abdomen.    This  is,  also,  called  Taxis. 

In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  restoring  oxides, 
chlorides,  sulphurets,  Ac,  to  the  metallic  state. 

REDUNDANTIA,  Plethora. 

REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 

REED  MACE,  Typha  latifolia. 

REFECT  10,  Restauratio. 

REFECTIYA,  Analeptics 

REFECTUS,  Restauratio. 

REFICIENTIA,  Analeptic*. 

REFLECTION,  Duplicature. 

REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS.  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  arytenoid  cartilage  and  in- 
ner part  of  the  thyroid,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
lateral  edges  of  the  epiglottis. 

REFLEX  SYSTEM  OF  NERVES,  see 
Nerves. 

REFLEXIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Ectropion. 

REFRACTION,  Re/rac'tio,  Photocamp'sit, 
Dia'clatit,  from  re,  and  frango,  'I  break/  The 
change  of  direction  which  rays  of  light  experience 
when  they  pass  obliquely  from  one  medium  into 
another  of  different  density.  If  the  light  passes 
from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium,  it  approaches 
the  perpendicular  raised  at  the  point  of  immer- 
sion. The  contrary  occurs,  when  it  goes  from  a 
denser  to  a  rarer  medium.  The  theory  of  lenses, 
telescopes,  and  of  the  eye,  rests  entirely  on  this 
property  of  light 

R&FRAWHISSANTS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERANT,  see  Alembic. 

REFRIG"ERANTS,  Refrigeran'tia,  Psych'ti- 
ca,  Antither'ma,  Frigefacien'tia,  (F.)  Ri/raichit- 
sant,Rifrigeratift,  from  re,  trndfrigere,  '  to  cool/ 
Medicines  which  depress  the  morbid  temperature 
of  the  body.  The  ohief  reputed  refrigerants  are 
the  Potass®  Nitras(?),  the  Sod®  Boras  (?),  but 
chiefly  the  abstraction  of  caloric  by  ice  and  ice- 
drinks,  cold  water,  cold  lemonades,  soda-water, 
and  effervescing  draughts  internally;  and  exter- 
nally, cool  air,  cold  water,  evaporating  lotions, 
and  frigorifio  mixtures. 

rEfRIQERATIFS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERATOR,  see  Alembic. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGENERATION,  Regenera'tio,  Palingene'- 
eia,  Redintegra'tio,  from  re,  and  generare,  'to 
beget'  Reproduction  of  a  part  of  the  body, 
which  has  been  destroyed. 

REG"IMEN,  from  regere,  'to  govern/  The 
rational  and  methodical  use  of  food,  and  of  every 
thing  essential  to  life ;  both  in  a  state  of  health 
and  disease.    It  is  often  restricted,  in  its  mean- 


REGINA 


M« 


REMISSION 


big,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used  synonymously 
with  hygiene. 

BEG  IN  A  PRATI,  Spirsea  ulmaria. 

REGIO,  Region. 

Rbgio  Auricularis.    The  region  of  the  ear. 

Reg  10  Bucc a/lib.    The  region  of  the  cheeks. 

Rkgio  Cardiac  a,  Epigastrio  region. 

Rbgio  Crrvica'lu.  The  region  of  the  neok. 
The  cervical  region. 

Rbgio  Epigastrica,  Epigastriam. 

Regio  Facia'lis.    The  facial  region. 

Rbgio  Frontalis.    The  frontal  region. 

Regio  Gastric  a,  Umbilical  region  —  r.  Hypo- 

Ststrica,  see  Hypogastrium — r.  Hypochondriaca, 
ypochondre — r.  Iliaca,  Iliac  region — r.  Ingui- 
nal ia,  Inguinal  region  —  r.  Ischiadic*,  Ischiadic 
region — r.  Jugalis,  Jugal  region  —  r.  Lnmbalis, 
Lumbi — r.  Mentalis,  Mental  region — r.  Mesogas- 
trica,  Umbilical  region — r.  Nasalis,  Nasal  region 
— r.  Nuchas,  Nuchal  region — r.  Nuchalis,  Nuchal 
region — r.  Occipitalis,  Occiput — r.  Occipitalis  in- 
ferior, Nuchal  region  —  r.  Perinrei,  Perinteum  — 
r.  Prcecordiaca,  Praecordial  rogion  —  r.  Pubis, 
Pubic  region  —  r.  Stomachalis,  Epigastrio  region 
. — r.  Stoinacbica,  Epigastric  region — r.  Tempora- 
lis, Temple — r.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  region. 

RE'GION,  Rc'gio.  Same  etymon.  Anatomists 
have  called  regions,  determinate  spaces  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  or  of  different  organs.  Thus, 
the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  several ;  to 
which  different  names  have  been  given.  See 
Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Hypochondrium,  Hypo- 
gastrium. 

REGION  OMBTLICALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIONAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

REGIES,  Menses  —  r.  Dtvi6»,  Menstruation, 
vicarious — r.  Difficile*,  Dysmenorrhea. 

RJSQLISSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGLUTINATIO,  Dicollemmt. 

REGNE  ANIMAL,  Bee  Animal. 

REG'ULAR,  Regula' ri»,  from  regula,  'a  rule.' 
According  to  rule.  Applied  to  the  types  of  a 
disease,  and  to  the  pulse,  when  according  to 
rule. 

Regular  Practit^ioiter.  One  who  practises 
his  profession  according  to  the  rules  established 
by  law  or  custom. 

REGULUS  ANTIMONII,  Antimonium. 

REGURGITATION,  Regurgita'tio.  The  act 
by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  frees  itself,  without 
effort,  from  substances  accumulated  in  it.  Usu- 
ally, it  is  applied  to  the  puking  or  posseting  of 
infants ;  and  to  the  rising  of  solids  or  fluids  into 
the  mouth  in  the  adult, — from  re,  and  gorge,  'the 
throat'  What  is  called  "  vomiting  at  pleasure" 
is  regurgitation. 

The  substances  brought  into  the  mouth  by  re- 
gurgitation, the  French  call  Renvoit. 

REIN,  Kidney.       x 

REINE  DES  PRES,  Spinea  ulmaria. 

REINERZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Rein- 
ers  is  a  small  town  in  Silesia,  three  German  miles 
from  Glatz.  The  waters  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beateB.  The  principal  springs  are  the  tepid 
drinking  spring,  the  cold  spring,  and  three  bath- 
ing springs. 

REINFORCE'MENT,  FASCICULUS  OF,  F. 
Cunea'tu*.  A  band  of  fibres  from  the  corpus  in- 
nominatum,  or  lateral  part  of  the  anterolateral 
column  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up 
behind  and  around  the  corpus  olivare,  is  lined  on 
its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious  sub- 
stance, enlarges  as  it  ascends,  passes  over  the 
upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is  expanded 
into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus  forms,  in  its 
eourse,  the  anterior' paries  of  the  fourth  ventricle, 
and  is  brought  into  view  by  brushing  away  the 


tuberculum  cinereum  or  gray  matter  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  band  has  received  these  names  owing 
to  its  constantly  increasing  as  it  ascends,  and  be- 
ing mixed  up  with  gray  matter  on  its  inner  face, 
from  which  it  seems  to  derive  new  fibres. 

REINS,  Kidneys,  LumbL 

REJEC'TIO,  Anago'gi,  from  re,  and  jaoere, 
'to  cast.'  Every  excretion  by  the  month  :  spit- 
ting, expectoration,  regurgitation,  or  vomiting. 

Rejkctio  Sanguinis  e  PrLMOxiBrs,  IIs?mop- 
tysis. 

REJUVENES'CENCE,  Rejuveneeceu'tia,  from 
re,  'again,  and  juvene*cen$,  'growing  youEr;* 
(jucenu,  'a  youth').  A  renewal  of  ynuth.  The 
state  of  being  young  again.  The  a**uuiptioc  of 
the  characteristics  of  youth  by  the  aged. 

RELACHEMENT,  Relaxation. 

RELAPSE,  ffypot'ropi,  EpU'trvphr.  Hyj***- 
trophe,  Morbi  recidi'va,  Hypotropia*'  i>*u9,  free 
re,  '  again,'  and  labor,  '  I  fall  down.'  The  man* 
of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  convales- 
cence. The  French  nee  Rr chute  in  this  sen**: 
and  Ricidive  (Morbus  recidi'vu§)  for  the  return 
of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period  after 
the  complete  restoration  of  health. 

The  terms  Relapeing  /ever,  Short  /erer,  Fire- 
day  fever,  Seven-day  fever,  Bil'ion*  ftemitf'ett 
fever,  Remitting  Icteric  fever,  and  Mild  IVrW 
fever,  have  been  given  to  a  form  of  continue-! 
fever,  which  has  occasionally  appeared  epidemi- 
cally, as  in  Edinburgh,  in  1843  and  1847,  aci 
was  generally  attended  with  icteric  symptom*. 
The  main  phenomena  disappeared  at  about  the 
end  of  a  week ;  but  in  many  cases  a  relapee  oc- 
curred about  the  end  of  a  fortnight.  Few  died 
of  the  affection. 

RELAPSING  FEVER,  see  Relapse. 

RELATIO,  Rapport. 

RELATION,  FUNCTIONS  OF,  see  Functus, 

RELAX'ANT,  Laxant,  Malaet' icttm.  Chain*  - 
ticum,  Paret'icum,  (F.)  Rclachant,  front  re,  aci 
laxare,  'to  loose.'  A  medicine  which  diminish** 
the  tension  of  organs.  Mucilaginous  and  fauy 
substances  are  relaxants. 

RELAXANTIA,  Emollients. 

RELAXATIO  CORDIS  ET  ARTERIARr* 
Diastole. 

RELAXATION,  Relaxa'Ho.  Same  etrmox 
Chalazia,  C halo*' mo*,  (F.)  Relachement.  In  /'**- 
eiology,  relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction,  la 
Pathology,  it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RELEYEUR  DE  L'ANCS,  Levator  ani- 
r.  de  la  Lkvre  infirieure,  Levator  labii  inferior* 
—  r.  du  Menton,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  r.  3* 
VOmoplatCy  Levator  scapulae  —  r.  de  la  Proete**, 
Levator  prostatas — r.  de  VUrlthre,  Levator  ure- 
thra. 

RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remain 
of  a  disease. 

REMAK  FIBRES,  see  Fibres,  Remak. 

REMANSIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhea, 

REMADE,  Clyster,  Medicament — r.  du  Ca- 
puchin, Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — r.  de  Dumd, 
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus  —  r.  du  If* 
d' An  tin,  Liquor  hvdrargyri  nitricL 

REMEDIAL.  Medicinal. 

REMEDIATE,  Medicinal. 

REMEDILESS,  Incurable. 

REMEDIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament  —  r.  Der- 
tifricium.  Dentifrice. 

REMEDY,  Medicamentr-r.  English,  Cinchona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline,  Remission — r.  Cordb  rt 
Arteriarum,  Diastole  —  r.  Morbi,  Remission  —  r. 
Virium,  Atony. 

REMISSION,  RemiSrio,  Epan'c*ist  An'***. 
Submis'eio,  Afh'erie,  Eu'dotU,  Remie'rio,  Mei*,'- 
ei«,  from  remtttere,  (re,  and  mittere,  *  to  send*JL 


REMITTENS 


W7 


REPRODUCTION 


'to  relax.  In  a  more  extensive  signification,  a 
temporary  diminution  of  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease, either  acute  or  chronic,  Remitsio  morbi. 
Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such  as 
occurs  in  a  remittent  fever,  between  the  exacer- 
bations. 

REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 

REMIT'TENT,  Rennftens.  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  presents  remission*. 

Remittent  of  Children,  Fever,  infantile  re- 
mittent. 

Remittent  Fever,  Febris  remit' tens,  Epan'e~ 
ttu,  Exac"erbating,  paroxysmal,  rub-continual, 
endem'ic,  endem'ial  or  endem'ical  fever,  (F.)  Fii- 
vre  rimitlcntc,  is  one  which  strikingly  exacerbates 
and  remits,  but  without  intermission.  The  ordi- 
nary bilious  fever  of  the  United  States  is  a  simple 
remittent — Epanetus  mitis,  (F.)  Filvre  rimittente 
simple. 

Remittent  Fever,  Bilious,  Remittent  fever, 
sec  Relapse. 

Remitting  Icteric  Fever,  see  Relapse. 

REM'ORA,  from  remorari,  (re,  and  mora,  'de- 
lay,) '  to  arrest/.  The  name  of  two  surgical  in- 
struments, intended  to  retain  parts  in  situ.  The 
one  was  used,  formerly,  in  castration,  to  prevent 
the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the  inguinal 
ring;  the  other,  called  Remora  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Arret  cTHildan,  Eckene' i$,  was  employed  to 
maintain  fractures  and  luxations  reduced.  It  is 
not  now  used. 

Remora  Aratri,  Ononis  spinosa. 

REN,  Kidney. 

RENAL,  Rena'lis,  from  Ren,  'the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Renal  Arteries,  Emuhf'ent  Arteries,  are  very 
large  and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  nnmber — 
one  to  each  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  ante- 
rior and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a  short 
course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the  kidney, 
where  they  divide,  before  entering  it,  into  three 
or  four  very  considerable  branches. 

Renal  Capsule,  Capsule,  renal — r.  Nerve,  see 
Splanchnic  Nerves. 

Renal  Plex'use9,  Emulgent  Plexuses.  These 
are  two : — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  eoeliac  plexuses  ;  from 
the  outer  side  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and  the 
final  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic  nerves. 
These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four  ganglions, 
situate  at  the  commencement  of  the  renal  artery; 
and  they  give  off  from  their  circumference  many 
fine,  straight  filaments,  which  do  not  anastomose, 
and  which  enter  the  kidney  with  the  divisions 
of  the  renal  artery.  These  divisions  they  ac- 
company. 

Renal  Veins,  Emulgent  Vein*.  These  are 
very  large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course 
as  the  arteries  in  the  substance  of  the  kidney. 
In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney, 
they  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  passes 
transversely  inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  desoendens. 

RENCIIUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

REN'CULUS,  Renic'ulus,  Ren'ultu,  diminutive 
of  Ren,  'a  kidney.'  A  small  kidney.  A  lobe  of 
the  kidney. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI,  Capsules,  renal. 

RENICULUS,  Renculus. 

RENIFORM,  Nephroid. 

RENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 


containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium.   Temperature  103  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

RENNET,  Runnet,  from  (G.)  g  e  r  i  n  n  e  n,  'to 
coagulate.'  (?)  When  the  fourth  stomach  or  Aoo- 
masus  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried,  it  possesses 
the  property  of  coagulating  milk,  when  a  portion 
of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the  infusion — Ren- 
net— is  added  to  milk. 

Rennet  Whet,  see  Serum  lactis. 

RENNSELiBRIA,  Leptandra  Virginica. 

RENONCULE,B.tamncvL\\ia-+.  Rulbeuse,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus. 

RENOU&E,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

RENO  UEUR,  (F.)  Rebouteur,  Rhabilleur.  A 
bone-doctor:  —  a  bone-setter.  One  who  makes  a 
trade  of  reducing  fractures  and  dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Ananeosis. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

RENULUS,  Renculus. 

RENUM  ATONIA,  Nephratonia— r.  Paraly- 
sis, Nephratonia. 

RENUNCIATIO,  RapporL 

RENVERSEMENT  DE  LA  LANQUE,  Pa- 
raglossa — r.  de  la  Matrice,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the— r.  des  PaupiZree,  Ectropion — r.  du  Rectum, 
Proctocele— r.  de  la  Vessie,  Exocyste,  Exstrophia 
of  the  bladder. 

RENVOIS,  see  Regurgitation. 

REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 

REPARATION,  Rcstauratio. 

REPARATIVE,  Repar'atory.  Having  the 
power  of  restoring  or  repairing. 

REPELLENTIA,  Repellent*. 

REPEI/LENTS,  Repellen'tia,  Repercutien'tia, 
Apocrus'tica,  Repercus' sives,  (F.)  Rfyercussifsy 
from  re,  and pellere,  'to  drive.'  Medicines  which, 
when  applied  to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids, 
that  render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from 
it.  Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  Ac,  are  repel- 
lents.. 

REPERCUSSIFS,  Repellents. 

RE  PERCUSS  10,  Contra-fiBsura,  Repercussion. 

REPERCUS'SION,  Repercus' sio,  Anac'lasis, 
from  re,  per,  and  quatere,  '  to  shake  or  batter/ 
Disappearance  of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruption, 
in  consequence  of  the  application  of  a  repellent. 
The  action  of  a  repellent  remedy.  The  French 
writers  use  the  term  Delitescence,  Delitctcen'tia, 
for  the  sudden  disappearance  of  a  tumour,  in- 
flammation, eruptive  disease,  or  purulent  collec- 
tion, without  the  disease  occurring  in  any  other 
part  of  the  body:  in  this  respect  delitescence  dif- 
fers from  metastasis :  Diliteecence  of  an  inflam- 
mation or  '  sudden  disappearnoe'  is  distinguished 
by  certain  French  pathologists  from  Resolution. 
Repercussion  also  means  Rallottement. 

REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents. 

REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellent*. 

REPLETION,  Fulness,  Plethora. 

REPLI  LONGITUDINAL  DE  LA  ME- 
NINQE,  Falx  cerebri. 

REPOSITIO,  Anaplasis,  Reduction,  Taxis. 

REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.  d'Arites,  Probang. 

REPRIMENS,  Epischeticus. 

REPRODUC'TION^eprorfuc'rt^iZegfefiera'tw, 
from  re,  and  producers,  (pro,  and  ducere.)  The 
function  by  which  living  bodies  produce  bodies 
similar  to  themselves.  See  Generation.  As  a 
general  remark,  it  will  be  found  true,  that  the 
larger  animals  are  uniparous ;  and  the  smaller, 
which  are  more  exposed  to  destruction,  multipa- 
rous.  The  mammalia  being  of  the  same  natural 
class  as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to  compare  them 
in  this  respect 


REPRODUCTION 


748 


BBS 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION  IN  THE  CLASS  MA  MM  ALT  A. 


Age  capable  of  en- 
gendering. 


Duration  of  gesta- 
tion. 


Number  of  young  at 
each  birth. 


Primate*. 

Man 

Monkeys  (large) 

Do.       (long  tailed) 
i 
Carnivore. 

Bear 

Badger  

Hedjtehog ■ 

Ferret 

Otter 

Pole-cat,        ) 
Marten,        f 

Weasel,  andf 

Ermine,         ) 
Didelphus, 
Opossum,  and 
Philander, 

Lion 

Tiger,      > 

Leopard  i 

Lvnx 

Wild  Cat 

Wolf 

Dog,  in  the  moat J 
natural  state,   }  '*'• 

Fox 

Jackall  

Isatia 

Phoca  

Rodentia. 

Squirrel 

Flying  Squirrel 

Ondatra  

Beaver 

Hare 

Rabbit 

Rat 

Mouse 

Marmot 

Guinea  Pig 

Dormouse 

Ednaata. 

Armadilla 

Rumittantia. 

Camel 

Dromedary 

Buffalo   

Beef. 

Lama 

Reindeer 

Buck  and  Doe 

Roebuck 

Saiga  (Antelope) 

Chamois  and  WildGoat 

Goat...~ 

Muaimon 

Sheep 

Soliptdu. 

Horse . 

Ass 

Zebra....*. 

PachydermatA. 

Hog 

Elephant 

Rhinoceros 

Hippopotamus  

Morse   


14  years 
3  years 
S  years 


2  years 


1  year 
11  months 


before  1  year 


S  years 
Do. 

before  1  year 
3  years 

10  months 

I  year 


1  year 


lyear 

6  months 
Do. 
Do. 

5  to  6  weeks 
lyear 


4  years 

3  years 
fi  years 
3  years 

5  years 
11  year 

Do. 

'ft" 

Do. 
Hyear 
1  year 


2}  years 
Do. 
Do. 


0  months  or  lyear 
16  years  (?) 
5  years  (?) 


9  months 
7  months 
6  months 


112  days 

1  mo.  and  10  days 

Do. 

3  mouths 

56  days 


3  to  4  months 

3  months 

9  weeks 
56  days 
73  days 

63  days 

2  months 

Do. 
63  days 

3  months  (?) 

45  days 

4  months 

30  days 

Do. 
5  or  6  weeks 
1  month 
6  weeks 
3  weeks 


11  months  or  ly'r 

Do. 

9  months 

Do. 

8  months 

Do. 
5  months 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


290  days 
Do. 
Do. 


4  months 
9  to  11  months 


9  months 


1  to  3  J 
Do.  J 
Do.   S 


lto4 
3  to  4 
3  to  5 
5  to  9  twice  a  year 
3  to  4 

3  to  6 


4  to  6 

3  to  4 

4  to  5 

3  to  4 

4  to  6 

5  to  9 

3  to  6 
Do. 

5  to  8 

6  to  7 
2  to  3 


3  to  4^wiee  a  year 

3  to  4 

3  to  5 

2  to  3 

( 2  to  4  several ) 

I  times  a  year  { 

4  to  8  do. 

5  to  6  do. 

Do. 

2  to  4 

5  to  8  times  a  year 

3  to  5 


4  times  a  year 


1 

1 

1 

1  to  2 

Do. 

1 

lto2 

Do. 

Do. 

1, 2,  and  3 

Do. 

I  to  2 

Do. 


1  to  2 
Do. 
Do. 


10  to  20 
1  or  2 
lor2(?) 

1 


At  a  somewhat  ad- 


25  to  3D  years. 
2J  to  25  yean. 

Produces  dozing  lift. 


8  to  10  yean. 

10  years.  (?) 

20to  25  years. 
Do. 

9  years. 

15  to  20  years. 

15  years. 

10  or  IS  yean. 


Produce*  irariag  life,  i 
Do.  i 

Lives  6  years. 

Lives  8  yean.      I 

Lives  8  or  9  year*.    ! 
Produces  daring  life. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


7  to  8  years.  (?)      , 


40  to  50  yean. 
Do. 

15  to  18  years. 
9  years. 

12  years. 
Lives  16  yean. 
Lives  25  or  30  vean. 
Lives  12  or  15  yea** 
Lives  15  or  20  tears. 
Lives  18  or  20  yeajs. 

7  years. 
6  or  10  y 

8  years. 


25  or  30  years. 
Do. 
Do. 


15  years. 
Lives  70  years  (* 
Lives  60  years.  [I 


REPULS0RIUM,  Punch. 

REPURGA'TIO,  Anacathar'tu,  from  re,  and 
purgart,  «to  cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli  — 
purgation  by  transpiration  or  by  expectoration. 
Medicines  producing  this  effect  are  called  Repwr- 
yan'tia. 

REQUIES,  Acinesia. 

REQUIETIO,  Acinesia. 

RES  CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  'Things  against 


nature/  (F.)  OKoae*  <xmtr*~**tnrit  are  those  taa£f 
which  tend  to  destroy  man ;  —  as  disease,  sci 
every  thing  connected  with  it. 

RB8  CULrftABiA,  Culinary  art— r.  Mediea,  M#- 
dicina. 

Res  Natuka'lbs,  (F.)  tffotee  naturtllm.  TVv* 
things,  which,  by  their  union,  were  conceived  u 
constitute  the  nature  of  man ;  such  as  the  de- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  4e. 


MtSBAU 


74* 


RBSPIRA'TION 


R«S  non  Natttra'lvs,  (P.)  Chose*  non-natu- 

rellcB.    Those  things  which,  anciently,  formed 

the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  Non-naturals. 

Rbs  Venerea,  Coition — r.  Vestiaria,  Vestitus. 

'  ROSEAU,  Rete — r.  Admirable,  Reto  mirabile 

|  --r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESECTIO,  Resection  —  r.  Articulomm,  see 
Resection, 
r  RESECTION,  Resetftio,  from  resecare,   (re, 

>  and  secare,)  'to  cut  off/    A  name,  given,  espe- 

cially by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations  in 
which  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones,  or 
'  the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured  bones 

forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed  with  the  saw 
— Beaectio  articulo'rum,  Decapita'tio  articulo'rum. 
i  HESECTION,  see  Amputation. 

RESEDA  CRISPATA— r.  luteola— r.  Lanceo- 
lata— r.  luteola. 

Rese'da  lute'ola,  R.  lanceola'ta  sen  crispa'ta, 
Lute' ola,  Weld,  Dyer's  Weed,    A  European  plant 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  which  was  at 
one  time  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic. 
■  RESERANS,  Aperient. 

RESERVE  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
RESERVOIR  DE  LA  BILE,  Gall-bladder 
— r.  du  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  r.  de»  Lar- 
mes,  Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Receptaculum 
chyli  —  r.  de  Pecquet,  Receptaculum  chyli — r.  of 
the  Thymus,  see  Thymus. 
3ESIDENTIA,  Sediment 
RESIDUAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Resi'na,  RheWni.    A  vegetable  pro- 
duct, commonly  dry  and  concrete,  more  or  less 
r  brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous,  insipid,  or 

of  an  acrid  warm  taste ;  of  a  smooth,  glassy  frac- 
r  ture,  heavier  than  water,  inflammable,  insoluble 

in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  yolk  of  an 
i  egg,  and  negatively  eleotrifiable  by  friction.  Many 

t  resins  are  used  m  medicine ;  the  greater  part  are 

i  purgative  and  irritating.    Some  act  like  acrid 

poisons. 

Resin,  Cayenne,  Caontchono — r.  of  the  Spruce 
fir,  see  Pinus  abies. 

RES  IN  A,    Resin  — r.  Abietis,    Pinus   Abies, 
Pinus    picea — r.  Abietis  hum  id  a,   Pinus   abies 
i  — r.   Abietis   sicca,  see  Pinus  abies  —  r.  Alba, 

see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  r.  Alba  humida,  see  Pinus 
Abies — r.  Caycnnensis,  Caoutchouc — r. Copal,  Co- 
pal— r.  Elastioa,  Caoutchouc — r.  Flava,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  r.  Fluida  Canadensis,  see  Pinus  bal- 
sam ea — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarao — r.  Laricis,  see  Pi- 
'  nus  larix  —  r.  Lentiscina,  see  Pistachia  lentiscus 

—  r.  Liquida  pini  balsamece,  see  Pinus  balsamea 

—  r.  Liquidi  pini  laricis,  soe  Pinus  larix  —  r.  Ni- 
gra, Colophonia — r.  Pini,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r. 
Pini  empyrenmatica  liquida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 

1  —  r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta,  see  Pinus  abies 

—  r.  Strobilina,  see  Pinus  balsamea,  and  Pinus 
rough  oa — r.  Terebinthi,  see  Pistachia  terebinthus. 

RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton.  An  epithet  for 
trine  impregnated  with  resin,  and  used  by  the 
ancients  as  a  stomachic  ? 

RESINE  DE  QAlAG,  see  Guaiacum— r.  Go- 
mart,  see  Bursera  gummifera  —  r.  de  Lierre,  see 
Iledcra  helix. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Rhetinoce'ron,  from  fnrtvn, 
*  rosin/  and  lajpot,  'wax.'  A  mixture  of  resin  and 
wax. — Galen. 

RESOLUTIO,  Resolution— r.  Membrorum,  Pa- 
ralysis. 

Resoldtio  Mobbi.  The  resolution  or  disap- 
pearance of  a  disease;  especially  when  without 
Any  critical  evacuation. 

Resolutio  kt  Diabrosis  Ventriouxi,  Gastro- 
xnalacia — r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis — r.  Ventriculi 
eutopeptica,  Gastromalaoia — r.  Virium,  Dialysis. 
-  RESOLUTION,  Reeolu'tio,  Discus' sio,  from 


resolvere,  (re  and  solvere,  'to  loosen.')    Removal 
or  disappearance,  as  of  a  disease.    Resolution  fa 
one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  in  which 
the  inflamed  part  returns  gradually,  and  without 
suppuration,  to  the  healthy  condition. 
RESOLUTION  DES  MEMBRES,  Paralysis, 
RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 
RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Reteniissement,  Rtson- 
nance,  Risonnement,  from  re,  'again,'  and  sono, 
'I  sound.'    'A  return  of  sound.'    A  resounding; 
a  reverberation  of  sounds.    A  thrilling  of  the 
voice  more  loud  than  natural ;  or  its  existence  in 
a  part  where  it  is  not  heard  in  health, — as  de- 
tected by  auscultation.    A  thickened  and  hard- 
ened state  of  the  lungs,  caused  either  by  a  mass 
of  crude  tubercles,  or  by  inflammation,  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  produce  this  phenomenon,  by 
rendering  the  lung  a  better  conductor  of  the 
murmur  of  the  voice  in  the  bronchi.    Hence  the 
origin  of  the  term  Bronchophony,  from  &povx«h 
'bronchus,'  and  ^wvij,   'the  voice;'  (F.)    Voix 
bronehique,  Voix  tubaire,  V.  bourdonnante. 
Resonance,  Vibrations  of,  see  Sound. 
RESONITUS,  Contra-fissura. 
RES'ONANT,  Res'onans,  ReJonus,  (F.)  #e- 
tentissant,  Resonnant,  Resounding,  see  Resonance. 
RJ2SONNANCE,  Resonance. 
RJ5SONNEMENT,  Resonance. 
RESORBENS,  Absorbent 
RES ORPTIO,  Absorption,  Resorption— r.  Cu- 
tanea, see  Absorption  —  r.  Cutis,  see  Absorption. 
RESORPTION,  Resorp'tio,  from  resorbere,  (re, 
'again,'  and  eorbere,)  'to  absorb  again.'    Absorp- 
tion of  a  fluid  which  has  been  previously  depos- 
ited in  a  part  by  the  exhalants, — as  of  pus,  blood, 
serum,  Ac. 

RES'PIRABLE,  Respirab'ili*.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Respiration.  Capable  of  being  breathed. 
Adapted  for  respiration. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 
RESPIRAMENTUM,  Respiration. 
RESPIRATIO,  Respiration— r.  Abolita,  Ap- 
noea — r.  Brevis,  Dyspnoea— r.  Diffioilis,  Dyspnoea 
— r.  Stertens,  Stertor — r.  Stertuosa,  Stertor. 

RESPIRA'TION,  Respira'tio,  Anap'not,  from 
respiro,  (re,  and  epiro,)  'I  take  breath.'  Anap- 
nen'eie,  Pneu'sis  epira'tio,  Respira'men,  Reepira- 
mentum,  Respira'tue,  Respir'itus,  Spir'itus.  A 
function  proper  to  animals,  the  object  of  which 
is,  to  place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mix- 
ture of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle— 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  that  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  that  belong  to 
arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  executing  this 
function  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and  rep- 
tiles, the  lungs.  In  man,  the  respiration  consist! 
of  mechanical  and  chymieal  phenomena.  The 
mechanical  are  Inspiration  and  Expiration,  The 
evident  chymieal  phenomena  consist  in  the  form- 
ation of  a  certain  quantity  of  carbonic  acid,  the 
absorption  of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and 
the  disengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
state  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  eondition  the 
respiration  is  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  without 
i  noise.  In  man,  the  respirations  are  generally 
about  35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of  life ;  25 
during  the  second;  20  at  puberty;  and  18  in  the 
adult  age. 

The  air  of  respiration  has  been  divided  into, 
first,  the  residual  air  or  that*which  cannot  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs  but  remains  after  a  full  and 
foroible  expiration,  estimated  at  120 cubic  inches: 
secondly,  the  supplementary  or  reserve  air  or  that 
which  can  be  expelled  by  a  foroible  expiration, 
after  an  ordinary  outbrea thing,  valued  at  130  cu- 
bio  inches:  thirdly,  the  breath,  tidal  or  breathing 
air,  valued  at  26  cubic  inches :  and  fourthly,  the 
complementary  or  complementai  air,  or  that  which 


RESPIRATION 


?50 


RETIA  UTEKI 


Mn  be  inhaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration,  which 
amounts  to  100  cubic  inches.  This  estimate  gives 
250  cubic  inches  as  the  average  volume  of  air 
which  the  chest  contains  after  an  ordinary  expi- 
ration. 

RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  r.  ExagSrfe,  see  Puerile  —  r. 
HypervSnicidaire,  see  Puerile. 

Respiration,  Jerking,  (F.)  R.  eaecadSe.  When 
the  murmur  of  inspiration,  in  place  of  being  con- 
tinuous, is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it  is  called 
'jerking.'  It  is  a  concomitant  of  incipient  pleu- 
risy, pleurodynia,  spasmodic  asthma,  and  tuber- 
culosis of  the  lung  with  corresponding  pleuritic 
adb  esion. — W  alshe. 

Respiration  of  the  Cells,  Murmur,  respira- 
tory— r.  Metallic,  Tintement  mttallique — r.  Nulle, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Proof,  Docimasia 
pulmonum — r.  PuSrile,  see  Puerile — r.  Rdpeuee, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Rude,  see  Murmur, 
respiratory — r.  Silencieuae,  see  Murmur,  respira- 
tory— r.  Saccadie,  R.  jerking — r.  Souffiante,  Mur- 
mur, respiratory — r.  SuppUmentaire,  see  Puerile 
— r.  Tubal,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

RESPIRA'TOR,  same  etymon.  Various  in- 
struments, under  this  name,  have  been  devised 
for  the  purpose  of  tempering  the  air  before  it 
reaches  the  lungs  in  winter.  One  of  the  best  is 
that  of  Jeffrey,  which  is  made  of  several  layers 
of  fine  wire  tissue. 

RESPIRATORIUM   VENTRIS,  Diaphragm. 

RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory. 

RES'PIRATORY,  Rcgpirato'riue,  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  to  respiration.  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  murmur  beard  by  auscultation  in 
a  healthy  adult,  during  inspiration  and  expira- 
tion. It  marks  the  entrance  of  the  air  into  the 
cells,  and  it*  passage  out  of  them.    See  Murmur. 

Respiratory,  External,  Nerve,  see  Thoracic 
nerves  —  r.  Internal,  nerves,  Diaphragmatio 
Nerves — r.  Nerve  of  the  face,  Facial  Nerve — r. 
Superior,  nerve,  Spinal  Nerve. 

Respiratory  Tract,  Tractus  respirato'riua. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Nerves. 

RESPIRATUS,  Respiration. 

RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 

RESSERR&  {VENTRE,)  Constipation. 

RESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTAGNATIO,  Eructation. 

RESTAURANS,  Corroborant 

RESTAURA'TIO,  Refec'tio,  Refec'ttu,  Ana- 
lep'sis,  Anatrep' 'n'e,  Anacom'idi,  Analte'aie,  Anac* 
te'sis,  Apocatae' taste.  Restoration  of  strength, 
after  disease  or  great  fatigue j  Epanortho'exs,  Re- 
crea'tio,  Redintegra'tio,  Reetaura'tio  virxttm.  Re- 
turn of  the  organs  to  their  normal  condition. 
Recovery,  Recupera'tion,  Reparation. 

Restaur atio  Virium,  see  Restauratio. 

REST  HARROW,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTIFORM'IS,  from  reetie,  'a  rope/  and  for- 
ma, 'shape/  Shaped  like  a  rope,  as  the  'Corpora 
reetiformia.* 

Rrsttforvis  Processus,  Coracoid. 

RESTITUTIO,  Reduction— r.  Organica,  Morio- 
plastiee — r.  Partium  deperdltarum,  Morioplastice. 

RESTLESSNESS,  Agitation. 

RESTORATION,  Restauratio. 

RESTORATIVE;  Corroborative. 

RESTRICTIO  INTBSTINI  RECTI  vel  ANI, 
Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RESUMPTI'VUS,  Reeumpto'rixu ;  from  re, 
'again/  and  nmere,  'to  take.'  Causing  to  re- 
same.  Rcsumpti'vum.  Any  agent  calculated  to 
restore  flesh  and  strength  to  one  who  has  been 
reduced. 


RESUMPTORIUS,  Regumptivus. 

RESURRECTION-MAN,  Resurrectionist 

RESURRECTIONIST,  i?e«rr«hWfl, 
Body  Bnateker:  from  re,  and  eurgere,  'to  true. 
An  individual  who  violates  the  sanctuary  of  --. 
grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissection. 

RESUSCITA'TION,  Reswcita'tio,  from  rm* 
cita're,  (re,  and  tuecitare,  wr»um  citare  eeui"?., 
'  to  move  up/  '  to  stir  up  anew/  MeritiMik*. 
The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently  Mta 
life.     See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 

RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 

RETE,  Plexus  — r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  bom- 
sum. 

RetE,  Retic'tdum;  'a  net;'  Dictjot.  (F.)  ft- 
seau.  A  name  given  to  the  intcrlacin?  r.i 
decussation  of  blood-vessels,  lymphatic*.  Stre. 
and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind  of  network. 

RetE  has  also  been  applied  to  the  «py«*- 
Castelli. 

RetS  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro-eolic. 

RetE  Mirab'ile,  (F.)  Rise**  admiral- 
merveiUeux.  A  name  given  to  the  ramifi^ :i 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Ret!  Mirabile  vel  RetS  Vasculo'sdi  Mti- 
pig'hii  is  the  plexus  formed  on  the  cells «  '■* 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pe- 
nary artery. 

RetE  Mucosuif,  Corpus  mueosmn. 

RetE  seu  RetS  Vasculo'scii  Testl*.  ^ 
irregular  plexus  or  network,  formed  btth*?=; 
munication  of  the  Va*a  recta  at  the  upper  d 
back  part  of  the  testicle.  These  Vasa  reeta  « 
sent  out  at  the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  fna  » 
convoluted  seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  W-" 
sum  testis  sendB  out  from  twelve  w  «:k»a 
straight  tubes,  called  Vaea  ejfertntia,  whuh  e--- 
vey  the  semen  from  the  testes  to  the  epWM«s 

RETENTIO,  Retention  — r.  Aerea,  1W 
-— r.  Alvlna,  Constipation  —  r.  Bilis,  IkU^-* 

Retentio  Fluxus  Hemorrhoidal!!.  »fL 
pression  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  ( 

Retentio  Foetus,  Dystocia—  r.  Ltcns,  I^ 
lactia — r.  Lochiorum,  Ischiolochia— r.  Mtr.?ja- 
aeo  Amenorrhea — r.  Spermatis,  Tjehwpenu- 
r.  Sudori8,  Uydroschesis.  .  . 

RETEN'TION,  Reten'tio,  ApoUp'iia,M>'[- 
tie,  from  retinere,  (re,  and  tenere,)  'to  nolo  »* 
Accumulation  of  a  solid  or  liquid  snbsiia«.  a 
canals  intended  for  its  excretion,  or  in  an** 
voir,  intended  to  contain  it  for  a  fbort  P**^ 

Retention  of  Urine;  Parn'ria  Rttt^*' 
vesica' lit,  lechu'ria  vesica' li*}  Reteitio  /'•* 
(F.)  Ilttention  <? urine.  A  disease  in  wau*  - 
urine  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  be  w 
uated ;  or,  at  least,  cannot  be  pawed  w- - 
extreme  difficulty.  In  the  former  ease,  w  ^ 
tention  is  said  to  be  complete;  in  the  Ian*'* 
complete.  Many  writers  have  distinguish  w  • 
degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they  to«  *£ 
the  names  Dysury,  Strangury,  and  hca9fyf  J 
tention  of  urine  may  depend  upon  loai  °-  \ 
stractility,  paralysis  of  the  bladder,  kt*  *  ; 
Borne  obstacle  to  the  passing  of  weartoj-*  ; 
cases  of  pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  W*u,}  •  r 
tumours  in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  ii*rt!  ' 
inflammation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of '«' ,7  \ 
tate,  stricture,  Ac.  The  pain  is  extreme^:  -  • 
and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distend^  » '. ; 
the  pubis.  The  treatment  consist*  in  ino\«-  £ 
the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  bladder,  as* 
combating  the  cause,  which  has  produced! t 
tention,  by  particular  means  adapted  to  *a»  >■  J 

RETENTISSANT,  Resonant  . 

RETENTISSEMENT,  Resonance -r.  *" 
phonique,  see  Autophonia. 

RETIA  UTERI,  see  Uterus. 


RETICULAR 


7« 


RETROVERSION 


RETICULAR, '  Re'H/orm,  RcticuWrie,  Ret- 
inue, AmphibleetroVdee,  Dyctdi'des,  Retifor'nwe, 
from  rete,  *  a  net'  That  which  resembles  a  net 
An  epithet  applied  to  many  structures  in  the 
body. 

Reticular  Bodt,  Corpus  mucosum — r.  Sub- 
stance, Cellular  tissue. 

RETICULARIA  OFFICINALIS,  Lichen  pul- 
monarius. 

RETICULUM:  diminutive  of  rete,  'a  net' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycomb  bag —  the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal  See  also,  Epiploon, 
and  Rete. 

Reticulum  Cutaneum,  Rete  muoosum — r. 
Mucosum,  Rete  mueosum. 

RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET' IN  A,  from  rete,  'a  net:'  Tu'nica  retina 
seu  reticvla'rit  sen  reti/or'mie  seu  in'tima  oe'uli, 
Involu'crum  reti  compara'tum,  Verricula'ri*  mem- 
bra'na,  Amphiblettroi'det  membrana.  A  soft, 
pulpy,  grayish,  semi-transparent,  very  thin  mem- 
brane; extending  from  the  optic  nerve  to  the 
crystalline,  embracing  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
lining  the  choroid;  without,  however,  adhering 
to  cither  of  those  parts.  It  terminates  by  a  de- 
fined edge  —  margo  denta'ttu  —  at  the  posterior 
extremities  of  the  ciliary  processes.  It  is  consti- 
tuted, according  to  most  anatomists,  by  the  ex- 
pansion of  the  optic  nerve.  The  retina  appears  to 
be  formed  of  two  lamina? ;  so  joined  together,  that 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  separate  them.  The 
one — the  innermost — is  medullary,  and  pulpy; 
the  other — the  outer — is  stronger,  and  fibro-vas- 
cular.  Tho  retina  is  the  essential  organ  of  vision ; 
on  it  the  images  of  objects  are  impressed.  Both 
it  and  the  optic  nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sen- 
sibility. They  may  be  punctured  or  lacerated 
without  pain  being  experienced.  Tho  nerve  of 
general  sensibility  distributed  to  the  eye  is  the 
fifth  pair. 

RETINA CULA,  see  Retinaculum  —  r.  Mor- 
gnjfnii,  see  Fra?na  of  the  valve  of  Bauhin. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  (re,  and  te- 
nure,) 'to  hold  back.'  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration ;  and 
in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines  from 
falling  into  tho  scrotum.  —  Scultet  Retinacula 
are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo-mem- 
branous  structure,  which  seem  to  suspend  the 
ovum  in  the  Follicle  of  Be  Graaf.  They  appear 
to  correspond  to  the  chalazie  of  the  egg  of  the 
bird. 

Retinaculum,  Bride. 

Retinaculum  Ten'mitum  Peroxeo'rttv,  Fa- 
gi'na  ntnllcola'rie  extern' a.  The  ligamentous 
sheaths  that  retain  in  situ  at  the  outer  ankle  the 
tendons  of  the  peroneal  muscles. 

RETINI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Refines,  Amphi- 
bhitroidi'ti*,  DiclyVtie,  from  retina  and  tfw,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation, — a  term  of  hybrid 
formation.  Inflammation  of  the  retina ;  an  un- 
common affection,  except  as  an  accompaniment 
of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 

RETINOS'COPY,  Retinoecop'ia,  from  retina, 
and  pro-rod,  '  I  view/    Examination  of  the  retina. 

RETIN  US,  Reticular. 

RETORT',  Retor'ta,  Batia,  Corn*,  Cornu'ta, 
Oornea'ta,  Cornumuea,  (F.)  Cornue,  from  retorqweo, 
(re,  and  torqueo,  tortum,)  *I  bend  back.'  A  ves- 
sel, commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware,  employed 
in  distillation.  It  may  be  plain,  or  have  a  tubu- 
lure  for  admitting  substances  whilst  the  distilla- 
tion is  going  on.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  said  to 
be  tabulated,  (F.)  Cornue  tubulte. 

RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio,  from  retrahere, 
(re  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  back.'  State  of  a 
part  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the  body 
or  backwards;  —  as  retraction  of  the  testicles. 


Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously  with  ehorU 
ening  or  drawing  up;  as  in  retraction  of  the 
thigh. 

RETRACTION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 

RET'RAHENS  AURIS,  Pote'rior  Aurin,  7Vt- 
canda'lie,  Triccpe  Aurie,  Retrahene  Auric' ul#y  R, 
Auricnlam,  Secun'due  proprio'rum  Auric' ulce,  Bi- 
cauda'lis,  Dcp'rimene  Anric'ula,  Proprin*  Aurie 
externa,  (F.)  Maetotdo-conchinien,  31a*toldo-ori- 
culaire  (Ch.),  Auriculaire  poatfrieur.  It  consists 
of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  or  fleshy,  thin, 
somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situated  behind  the 
ear.  These  are  attached  to  the  mastoid  process, 
and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  terminate  at 
the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of  the  ear. 
If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would  carry  the 
ear  backwards. 

RJSTRfiCJSSEMENT,  Arctatio,  Stricture. 

RETRIMENTA  VESICAE,  Urine. 

RETRIMENTUM,  Excrement 

RETROCESSION,  Retrocee'aio,  Retrocetfaut, 
Retrogrea'aue,  from  retrocedere,  (retro,  *  back- 
wards/ and  cedere,  *  to  give  place/)  The  act  of 
going  back.  A  disappearance  or  metastasis  of  a 
tumour,  eruption,  Ac,  from  the  outer  part  of  tho 
body  to  the  inner. 

RETROCESSUS,  Retrocession. 

RETROFLEXIO  UTERI,  Retroversio  uteri. 

RETROGRESS  US,  Retrocession. 

RETROPHARYNGE  'AL,  Retropharynge '««, 
from  retro,  '  backwards,'  and  pharynx,  *  the  pha- 
rynx. Relating  to  parts  behind  the  pharynx, — 
as  'retropharyngeal  abscess/ — an  abscess  behind 
the  pharynx. 

RiTROPULSION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 
troversio uteri. 

RETROVACCINA'TION;  from  retro,  'back- 
wards,' and  vaccination.  Vaccination  with  matter 
obtained  from  the  cow,  after  inoculating  the  ani- 
mal with  vaccine  matter  from  the  human  subject 

RETROVER'SIO  U'TERI,  Retroversion  of  the 
Uterue,  jEdopto'aia  Uteri  retrorer'aa,  Retroffex'io 
Uteri,  Anapod'isi*  seu  Anapodis'mu*  Uteri,  (F.) 
R&trovereion,  Retraction,  OoliquitS  ou  R4troptd- 
aion  de  la  Matrice.  A  change  in  the  position  of 
the  uterus,  so  that  the  fundus  of  the  organ  is 
turned  towards  the  concavity  of  the  sacrum, 
whilst  the  neck  is  directed  towards  the  sym- 
physis pubis.  This  displacement  is  commonly 
attended  with  constipation,  tenesmus,  and  reten- 
tion of  urine.  Its  usual  period  of  occurrence  is 
between  the  third  and  fourth  months  of  preg- 
nancy ;  before  the  uterus  has  escaped  above  the 
superior  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  In  the  treat- 
ment, the  catheter  must  be  regularly  nsed  twice 
a  day,  until  the  uterus,  by  its  growth,  rises  above 
the  pelvis.  The  catheter  should  be  small,  fiat, 
and  curved  considerably  more  than  common,  jn 
consequence  of  the  distorted  course  of  the  ure- 
thra. The  bowels  must  be  kept  open ;  and  abso- 
lute rest,  in  a  recumbent  posture,  be  enjoined. 
Should  it  be  impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urine, 
attempts  must  be  made  to  replace  the  uterus. 
The  woman  being  on  her  bands  and  knees,  the 
fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left 
hand  are  to  be  passed  up  the  rectum  to  the  fundus 
uteri ;  which  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix 
uteri  is  carefully  depressed  by  two  fingers  of  ihe 
right  hand  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fingers 
employed  to  elevate  the  fundus  not  be  long  enough 
to  effect  this  object,  a  piece  of  whalebone  may  be 
substituted,  having  a  small  piece  of  sponge  at- 
tached to  one  extremity  as  a  pad. 

RETROVERSION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 
troversio  uteri. 


RRUNIO 


752 


BEUNIO,  Synthesis— r.  Partiora  separatarum, 
see  Synthesis  — -r.  per  Primam  intentionem,  §ee 
Intention — r.  per  Seeundam  intentionem,  see  In* 
tention — r.  Vasorum,  Anastomosis. 

R&VNIOS PRIMITIVE,  tee  Intention— r. 
Beeondaire,  see  Intention. 

B&VAS8ERIB,  Incoherence;  see  Somniisn. 

RltVE,  Somnium. 

RE  VEIL,  see  Sleep— r.  en  Sunavt,  eee  Sleep. 

REVELLENT,  Derivative. 

BEVERY,  Aphelxia. 

REVIVIFICATION,  Resuscitation. 

RJSVULSIF,  Derivative. 

REVUL'SION,  Revul'eio,  from  re,  and  wUere, 
'to  plucky  AntU'pati:  The  act  of  turning  the 
principle  of  a  disease  from  the  organ  in  which  it 
seems  to  have  taken  its  seat.  Rubefacients,  vesi- 
calories,  bleeding  in  the  foot,  Ac.,  are  often  used 
for  this  purpose.    See  Derivation. 

REVULSIVE,  Derivative  —  r.  Bleeding,  tee 
Bloodletting. 

REVUL80RIUS,  Derivative. 

REX  METALLORUM,  Aurum. 

REYNOLDS'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Vinum  colchicL 

RHA,  Rheum. 

RHABARBARUM,  Rheum— r.  Albnm,  Con- 
volvulus  mechoachan  —  r.  Antiquorum,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Diosooridia,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
eum — r.  Monachorum,  Rumex  patientia — r.  Ni- 
grum, Convolvulus  jalapa — r.  Pauperum,  Thalic- 
tron — r.  Sibericum,  Rheum — r.Tartaricum  Rheum 
— r.  Turcicum,  Rheum. 

RIIABARBE,  Rheum  — r.  Blanche,  Convol- 
vulus mechoacan  —  r.  dee  Moinee,  Rumez  Al- 
pinun. 

RHABDOIDES  (SUTURA),  Sagittal  suture. 

RHABILLEUR,  Renoueur. 

RJIACJIETA  Rhachitea. 

RHACHETRUM,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RIIACHLffil,  Rhachitaj. 

RHACIIIAORA,  Rachisagra. 

RHACIIIALGIA,  Rachialgia,  Rhaohiodynia, 
Spinal  irritation. 

RHACHIALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation,  Myelitis. 

RIIACHIDAGRA,  Rachisagra,  Rachialgia, 
Rhacbiodynia. 

RHACHIOCYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas. 

RII ACHIOD YN'IA ;  from  paXtft *  the  vertebral 
oolumn,'  and  oSvw,  *  pain ;'  Rkachial'gia.  Pain 
In  tho  vertebral  column. 

RHACHIOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIOPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 

RHACIIIOSCOLIOMA,  Sooliosis. 

RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

RHACUIOSTROPIIO'SIS;  from  pa^t,  'tho 
vertebral  column/  and  erpt^w,  *  I  turn ;'  Contor'- 
tio  colum'na  vertebra'lit*  Deviation  of  the  verte- 
bral oolumn. 

RHACHIOT'OMUS,  Rhachiot'omum ;  from 
ea^ij,  'the  vertebral  oolumn,'  and  row,  'inci- 
sion.' An  instrument  for  opening  the  vertebral 
oolumn. 

RHACniPARALYSXS,  Paraplegia. 

RHACHIPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RHACHIRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

RHACHIS,  Vertebral  column— r.  Nasi,  see 
Nasus. 

RHACIIISAGRA,  Rachisagra. 

RHACHI'T^,  from  pa^,  'the  vertebral 
column ;'  Rhaefa'a'i,  Rachi'ta,  Rhache'tw,  or 
Rachia'i.    The  muscles  of  the  spine. 

RHACHITES,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RHAOHrTICUS,  Rachiticus. 

RHACIIITIS,  Rachitis— r.  Adultorum,  Molli- 
ties  ossium — r.  Spinalis,  Rachisagra. 

RHACHITISMUS,  Rachitis. 


RHACHOSIS,  Raehoeis. 

RHACHUS,  Rkae**,  Rhaym;  frost  peeem,  'tr 
tear.'  A  wrinkle.  A  laceration  of  the  skia,  A 
lacerated  ulcer — nlcue  tae"ermau 

RHACUS,  Rhaehus,  Wrinkle. 

RH^BOCRANIA,  Torticollis. 

RHAG'ADES,  payees,  Rhaya'dii;  fra  rr 
w/u,  'to  break  or  rend;'  £e£«v'r«,  /"•**  «. 
Fim<E.  Ruptures,  chaps,  or  narrow  an-i  1  r~z 
ulcers,  which  form  near  the  origin  of  ev  a 
membranes,  especially  around  die  am«.  ui 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic  ti-a. 

Rhaoades,  see  Fissure. 

RHAGE,  Ragi;  pay*.  Same  etymon.  Arf- 
fix  denoting  violent  rupture  or  discharge,  a*  a 
Hemorrhage,  Menorrhagia,  Ac 

RhaoE,  Fissure. 

RHAGES,  Uvse  passse. 

RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis. 

RHAGOJ'DES,  Rkago'deey  RUgdide**  Rl+ 
gicna,  from  paf,  '  a  grape.'  G rape-like;  as  T+ 
niea  Rhagoidet :  the  uvea.  Also,  the  ehtf.J 
coat  of  the  eye. 

RHAGUS,  Rhaehus,  Wrinkle. 

RHAMNUS,  Rkamnue  catkar'ticiu,  Sptot*- 
vi'na  seu  domes' tica,  Rkamnui  toiuti'rui,  S/* 
infecto'ria,  OervUpi'na,  Buckthorn,  P*rgi»$  *«*• 
thorn,  (F.)  Nerprun  pnrgatif.  Family,  EU'> 
noidern.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  E* 
berries  —  Rkamni  Bacca  —  have  a  faint  and  da- 
agreeable  odour;  and  bitterish,  nauseous  tt*» 
They  are  cathartic,  and  are  apt  to  excite  £n>s§ 
which  must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents- 

Rha  virus  Alateh'nub,  R.  H\*pan'icmh^aUt1' 
nut  latifo'liut,  Common  alaUmus,  (F.)  ifc'<rV- 
The  leaves  have  been  used  as  detergents  and  «■ 
trin  gents,  in  the  form  of  gargle  especially. 

Rhahnus  Frak'gula.  The  Black  £<*"> 
Frangnla  Alnue,  Ainu*  Nigra,  (F.)  A**t  m". 
Bourdane,  Bourgine.  All  the  parts  of  ibis  m*» 
as  well  as  of  the  common  alder,  are  artriD^ 
and  bitter.  The  bark  is  most  so.  The  »»* 
yellow  bark  of  the  trunk  or  root  acta  as » * 
thartio.  It  has  also  been  employed  as  an  autM- 
mintio.  . 

Rhaihtt/s  Hispaxicus,  R.  alaternus— r.JqJ* 
see  Jujube — r.  Lotus,  see  Jujube— r.  Zi»phw»«* 
Jujube. 

RHANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.) 

RHAPHANEDON,  Raphanedon. 

RHAPHANIA,  Raphania. 

RHAPHANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
,  RHAPHANUS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHE,  Raphe,  Suture.      % 

RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS;  from  f^,  '»«itf 
and  ovpfvaif,  *  union.'  Union  by  suttuv1* u 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

RHAPHYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhsponucua-t 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHAPOXTIQUE,  Rheum  rhaponticaB. 

RHAPS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHATANIA,  Krameria  ratanhia. 

RHAX,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

RHEGE,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEGMA,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Ucats^ 
Rhexis  —  r.  Ligamentare,  Apospasma 

RHEGMUS,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Lacefffl*- 

RHEMBASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

RHEMBE,  Rkembue;  from  •**£»,  fto«j|J 
about'  Irregularity  in  the  return  of  Ww* 
roxysms. 

RHEMBUS,  Rhembe, 

RHENCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHENXIS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 


RHBON 


753 


RHEUMATISM 


RHEON,  Rheum. 

RHBTINB,  Resin. 

RHETINOCERON,  Resinatum. 

RHETISIOTON,  Resinatum. 

RHEUM,  (pronounced  room,)  Rheu'ma,  (P.) 
Rhume;  from  pirn,  'to  flow.'  Any  thin  watery 
discharge  from  the  mucous  membranes  or  skin ; 
as  the  thin  discbarge  from  the  air  passages  arising 
from  cold. 

Rheum,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like  '  tetter/  for  various  cutaneous  affec- 
tions of  the  eozematous  and  herpetic  forms  more 
especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a  kind  of 
chronic  psoriasis  ,*  and  likewise  to  cutaneous  af- 
fections in  those  who  immerse  the  hands  in  me- 
tallic or  acid  solutions.  Webster  defines  it  "a 
vague  and  indefinite  popular  name,  applied  to 
almost  all  the  non-febrile  cutaneous  eruptions 
which  are  common  among  adults,  except  ring- 
worm and  itch." 

Rhe'um,  Rhabar'barum,  Rheon,  Rha,  Rhceum, 
Lop'athum  orienta'le,  L.  Chinen'si,  Rhabar'barum 
ve'rum,  R.  Tartar'ieum,  R.  Siber'icum,  R.  7W- 
cicum,  Rhubarb,  (P.)  Rhabarbe.  Family,  Poly- 
gone®.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Trigynia.  The 
root — Rheum — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Itfl 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nauseous ; 
taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subacrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and  the  urine 
yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms  a  pow- 
der of  a  bright  buff-yellow  colour.  Both  water 
and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb  root  is 
purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  (?)  It  is 
chiefly  used  for  the  properties  first  mentioned. 
Externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled 
over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation.  Dose,  J)j 
to  £ss  of  the  powder.  In  a  smaller  dose,  it  is 
stomachic. 

Numerous  species  of  Rheum,  Rh.  palmatutn, 
Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh,  compactum,  have  purga- 
tive roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chinese  or  India  Rhubarb  —  Rheum  Si- 
nen'se  vel  In'dicum  ;  the  Russian,  Turkey,  or  J?«- 
charian  Rhubarb — Rheum  Rus'sicum  vel  Tur'ci- 
cum;  and  European  Rhubarb. 

Rheum  Compactum,  Rheum — r.  Indicum,  see 
Rheum — r.  Polmatum,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapon'ticum,  Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb; 
Rhapon'ticum,  .Rhabar'barum  Dioscor' idis,  R. 
Antiquo'rum,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhapontic.  The 
root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the  rhubarb  of 
the  ancients.  It  is  more  astringent  than  that  of 
the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  purgative ;  for  the 
latter  purpose,  two  or  three  drachms  being  re- 
quired for  a  dose.  French,  Rhapontic,  or  Krimea 
Rhubarb,  is  obtained  from  this  species,  as  well  as 
from  Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh.  compactum. 

Rheum  Russicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Sinense,  see 
Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Undulatum, 
see  Rheum. 

RHEUM  A,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea,  Rheum,  Rheu- 
matism. Also,  inflammation  of  a  fibrous  tissue, 
as  in  rheumatism  and  gout. — Fuchs. 

Rheuma  Gatarrhalb,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) 
—  r.  Epidomicum,  Bronchitis,  chronic,  Catarrh, 
spidemio  —  r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh  —  r.  Uteri,  Leu- 
eorrhosa. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUM  ARTHRITIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUM  ARTHROSIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic— r. 
Arthritico,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMAT'IC,  Rheumat'icus,  Rheuma  tis'mal, 
(P.)  RhumatismaU,  Rhumatique.  Belonging  to 
rheumatism ;  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  applied 
to  one  affected  with  rheumatism;  (P.)  Rhuma- 
tisanU 

48 


Rheumat'iO  Diath'esis,  Diath'eeie  rKeuMaf. 
tea.  The  special  condition  of  the  body  that  gives 
occasion  to  rheumatism.  It  may  exist  without 
presenting  the  usual  phenomena  in  the  joints; 
whilst  the  heart  may  be  seriously  affected. 

RHEU'MATISM,  Catarrho/a;  from  pevua,  'a 
defluxion,  catarrh.'  Dolor  Rheumatic**  ct  or- 
thriticus,  (Hoffman,)  Rhenmato'sie,  Myoso'tU, 
Rheuma,  Myodyn'ia,  (F.)  Rhumatisme.  A  kind 
of  shilling  phlegmasia,  sometimes  seated  in  the 
muscles,  sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding  the 
joints ;  and  at  others,  within  them.  Hence  the 
names  Muscular,  Articular,  and  Synovial,  which 
have  been  applied  to  it  The  disease  may  be 
acute,  or  chronic. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Abdomen,  Coeliorrheumo. 

Rheumatism,  Acute,  Rheumatis'mus  acu'tue, 
Rh.  articulo' rum  acu'tue,  Rh.  universalis  febri' lis, 
Arthro'sia  acuta,  Rheumatiemus,  Rh.  injlammato'- 
rius  sen  hypcrsthen'icus,  Rheumatic  Fever,  Rheu- 
matop'yra,  Rheumap'yra,  Febris  rheumat'ica  in- 
flammato'ria,  Syn'ocha  rheumat'ica,  Myoso'tis, 
My i' tie,  Cauma  rheumatis'mus,  Arthrttis  rheuma- 
tismtut,  Arthro-rheumatis'mua,  Synovi'tis  rheuma- 
tisma'lie,  Haemo-arthri'tis,  (P.)  Rhumatisme 
aigu'4,  Ftevre  rhumatismale,  usually  comes  on 
with  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  fever ;  soon  after 
which,  or  simultaneously,  or  even  before  the  ap- 
pearance of  febrile  signs,  excruciating  pains  are 
felt  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in 
the  larger  joints,  which  are  more  or  less  red  and 
swollen ;  the  pain  shifting  from  one  to  the  other, 
at  times  with  great  rapidity.  The  disease  rarely 
terminates  in  less  than  six  weeks,  during  the 
greater  part  of  which  period  the  febrile  symptoms 
remain  severe-;  and  what  is  peculiar  to  the  dis- 
ease, the  skin  may  be  covered  daily  with  a  pro- 
fuse perspiration,  although  it  feels  extremely  hot, 
and  the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by  it 
It  is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the  affec- 
tion, and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The 
only  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheu- 
matism, notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity 
of  the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension 
of  the  disease  (metastatic  rheu'matism)  to  some 
internal  part,  especially  to  the  heart  This  ten- 
dency must  always  be  borne  in  mind.  Acute 
rheumatism  seldom  terminates  in  chronic  ;  they 
who  are  liable  to  the  former  are  rarely  so  to  the 
latter,  and  conversely.  The  disease  will  gene- 
rally run  its  course  in  spite  of  treatment  The 
usual  antiphlogistic  plan  had  better  be  pursued 
during  the  first  days  of  the  disease.  Blood-let- 
ting may  be  employed,  if  the  vigour  of  the  pa- 
tient and  of  the  disease  seem  to  require  it ;  but,, 
although  the  blood  is  generally  buffy,  bleeding 
does  not  usually  seem  to  afford  much  relief.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open ;  effervescent  draughts 
be  administered,  and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses 
to  allay  pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary during  the  first  week ;  after  which,  ad- 
vantage will  usually  be  obtained  from  the  exhi 
bition  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia  with  sulphuric 
acid.  It  does  not  augment  the  excitement,  and 
will  be  found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheu- 
matic inflammation  is  very  different  from  other 
varieties,  and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeks,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  very  liable  to  a  recurrence 
on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet :  at  times, 
acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  complication 
of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called  Ooutv  or 
Arthritic  rheumatism  or  Rheumatic  gout,  Rneu- 
mataVgia  arthritica,  Rheumarthro'sis,  Rheunjor* 
thri'tis,  Arthri'tis  rheuma tica  seu  juvenilis. 

Rheumatism  or  the  Arm,  Brachiorrheum*— 
r.  Arthritic,  see  Rheumatism*  acute — r.  of  d* 


RHEUMATISMAL 


754 


RHINOKRAPHY 


Blsmisfv  CyBtorrheuma— r.  of  the  Bowels,  Ente- 
rorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Cap'sular,  Rheumatie'mue  cap- 
nUa'rii,  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursa  of  the  tendons. 
The  parts  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recognised 
by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints ;  but  the  pecu- 
liar characters  of  the  disease  are,  perhaps,  most 
strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Chest,  Pleurodynia. 

Rheumatism,  Chronic,  Arthro'ria  chronica, 
Rheumatiemut  chronieue  sou  nonfebri'lit,  R.  vul~ 
ya'rit  sou  invetera'tue  sen  habitua'lit  seu  frig"i- 
dus,  Rheumatal'gia,  Rhenmatodyn'ia,  Arthrodyn'- 
ia,  Arthritis  arthrodynia,  (F.)  Rhumatieme  chro- 
nique,  Rhumatalgic,  is  attended  with  pains  in  the 
hips,  shoulders,  knees,  and  other  large  joints. 
These  are,  sometimes,  confined  to  one  joint;  at 
others,  shift  from  one  to  another,  without  occa- 
sioning inflammation,  or  fever.  In  this  manner, 
the  complaint  often  continues  for  a  great  length 
of  time,  and  then  goes  off.  There  is  no  danger 
attendant  upon  it;  but  the  patient  may  become 
lame,  and  is  always  liable  to  painful  recurrences. 
Neither  variety  generally  terminates  in  suppura- 
tion ;  but  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph  is  apt  to 
occur,  so  as  to  occasion  permanent  thickening  of 
the  parts.  The  great  preventive  of  chronic  rheu- 
matism, and  one  of  the  most  valuable  curative 
ageuts,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the  skin.  The 
whole  class  of  rubefacients  may,  also,  be  used 
with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  especially  the 
natural  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of  which 
does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  most  successful 
remedy  of  all. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Extremities,  Acrorrheu- 
ma — r.  of  the  Face,  Prosoporrheuma — r.  Gouty, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute—  r.  of  the  Heart,  Cardior- 
rheuma — r.  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — r.  of  the 
Leg,  Scelorrheuma — r.  of  a  Limb,  Merorrheuma 
— r.  Local,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the  Loins,  Lum- 
bago— r.  Metastatic,  see  Rh.  acute  —  r.  of  tho 
Neck,  Torticollis — r.  Partial,  Merorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Preabdom'inal,  (F.)  Rhumatie- 
me pri-abdominal.  Rheumatism  of  the  muscles 
of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the  abdo- 
men ;  supposed  by  MM.  Q 6 nest  and  Requin  to 
be  the  same  as  the  nervous  affection  of  the  peri- 
toneum of  Qooch. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Skin,  see  Dermalgia — r. 
Topical,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the  Uterus,  Me- 
trorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Visceral.  Rheumatism  affect- 
ing the  muscular  or  fibrous  tissues  of  tho  viscera. 

Rheumatism  Weed,  Pyrola  maoulata,  P.  urn- 
l.ellata. 

RHEUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic 

RHEUMATISM  US,  Abdominis,  Coeliorrheu- 
ma  —  r.  Acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute— rr.  Arti- 
culorum  acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Bra- 
chii,  Brachiorrheuma  —  r.  Cancrosus,  Neuralgia 
faciei  —  r.  Cervicis,  Torticollis — r.  Colli,  Torti- 
collis— r.  Cordis,  Cardiorrheuma — r.  Cruris,  Sce- 
lorrheuma— r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago — r.  Extremi- 
ty am,  Acrorrheuma  —  r.  Faciei,  Prosoporrheu- 
ma— r.  Febrilis,  Dengue — r.  Inflammatorius  seu 
hypersthenicus,  Rheumatismus  acutus — r.  Intes- 
ttnorum,  Eutcrorrheuma — r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery — r.  Larvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
—  r.  Localis,  Merorrheuma — r.  Membrorum  sin- 
gulorum,  Merorrheuma — r.  Non  febrilis,  Rheu- 
matism, acute --r.  Partialis,  Merorrheuma — r. 
Pectoris,  Pleurodynia — r.  Phlegmonodes,  Myosi- 
tis— r.  Spuriu*  nervosus,  Neuralgia — r.  Univer- 
salis febrilis.  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Uteri,  Me- 
Murrheunui  -r.  V#aio»  urinaria,  Cystorrheuma 


r.  Vulgaris  seu  inveteratus  sea  habftadm  m  ni 
gidus,  Rheumatism,  chronic 

RHEUMATODYNIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  RkeumopkikaT' 
mia;  from  pana,  'rheumatism,'  and  o^faV* 
'inflammation  of  the  eyes.'  Rheumatic  oph- 
thalmia. 

RHEUMATOPTRA,  Rheumatism,  acute 

RHEUMATOSIS.  Rheumatism. 

RHEUMOPHTHALMIA,  Rheamstophthil. 
mia,  Sclerotitis. 

RHEXIS,  Rheama,  Dirup'tio,  Rvp'faRtp- 
tu'ra.  Rupture.  Rupture  of  a  vessel  or  organ. 
Spontaneous  opening  of  an  abscess. 

Rhexis  Oc'ule.  Bursting  of  the  eye  from  uy 
cause ;  spontaneous  or  excited. 

RHICNO'SIS,  from  pucvoopei,  'to  become  wtm- 
kled /  Cutie  corruga'tio.  Wrinkling  of  the  skis 
from  extenuation  of  the  body ;  opposed  to  rmw. 
or  distension  from  repletion. 

RHIGOS.  Rigor. 

RUIN,  Nasus. 

RHINAL'GIA,  Rhinodyn'ia,  from  pi»,  'tb« 
nose,'  and  ayAot,  '  pain/     Pain  in  the  nose. 

Rhinal'gia  ab  Lmtru'sis,  Pain  in  the  *m 
from  foreign  bodies. 

Rhinal'gia  Vermino'sa.  Pain  in  the  ■•* 
from  worms. 

RHINAN'CHONE,  Rhinan'gia,  RhitotUg^- 
$is;  from  j«iv,  'the  nose,*  and  ayx***' ' D*rro'" 
ness/     Contraction  of  the  nose.    Snuffles. 

RHIXANGIA,  Rhinanchone,  Snuffles. 

RHINC1I0S,  Rostrum. 

RH1NENCEPHALIA,  Cvclopia. 

RHINEN'CHYSIS,  RhinenckySia,  from  f* 
'  the  nose/  tv,  '  in,'  and  x«m»,  '  I  pour.'   An  rak- 
sion  or  injection,  made  into  the  nostrils,  liu  * 
svringe  called  Rhinen'chitee, 
'  RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINI'TIS,  NatPtit,  from  piv,  ft**  4** 
nose/  and  tf/«,  denoting  inflammation,  hi**- 
mation  of  the  nose.     Coryza. 

Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozoena. 

RHINOBLENNORRHCEA,  RhinorriKN. 

RHINOC'ACE,  Cory'za  eearlatino'n ;  &* 
piv,  'the  nose/  and  kokos,  'evil/  The  offemi" 
discharge  from  the  nose,  and  other  symptom** 
dicating  a  morbid  condition  of  the  SchneMw* 
membrane  that  accompany  the  worst  forms « 
scarlatina. 

RHINOCATARRHUS,  Corysa.  , 

RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  piv,  'the  nose,'  •* 
Kvnvpos,  'itching/    Itching  of  the  nose. 

RHINODYNIA,  Rhinalgia. 

RIIINOPHO'NIA,  from  piv,  'the  now/i^ 
(puvrj,  '  the  voice/  A  nasal  voice,  called  ** 
Dyepho'nia  immodula'ta  nam' lit,  Parafi1"4 
nasal  is,  Paraphonia  reJonans,  /WfiV»*»  "* ' p" 
tat,  Mycteropho'nia,  Na'eita;  Vox  imim'/a  '•' 
rala'lia  nana'lie.     Speaking  through  the  no«e. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  Rhinoplae'tica  (»r)J^ 
piv,  '  the  nose/  and  irAmrtn*,  '  I  form/  An  <|  ■»'* 
applied  to  the  operation  for  forming  a  new  a---* 
The  Taliacotian  operation,  so  called  beew*  In- 
scribed by  Tagliacozw.  It  consists  in  br»r* 
down  a  portion  of  flesh  from  the  forebetA*^ 
causing  it  to  adhere  to  the  anterior  p«rt  of"* 
remains  of  the  nose. 

RHINOP'TIA,  from  piv,  'the  nose.'  »*"- 
ropat,  '  I  see/  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  »•*■ 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis.  . 

RHINOR'RHAPHY,  Rhinorrk*f*'i+  *** 
piv,  'nose/  andp«09,  'm  suture/  An  ope»t* 
for  the  removal  of  epieanthis,  which  com**  ■ 
pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of  the  A*  *' 
eluding  this  fold  in  two  elliptical  incisions,  rts* 


RHINORRH<EA 


756 


RHUS 


ring  It,  and  bringing  together  the  edges  of  the 
wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHINORRH(E'A,  Rhinoblennorrhos'a,  from 
piv,  pivos,  *  the  nose/  and  pete,  '  I  flow.'  A  dis- 
charge of  limpid  mucus  from  the  nose  without 
any  inflammatory  symptom.  A  gleet  from  the 
nose. 

RHINO'SIS,  from  oivoe,  'a  skin,  leather,'  or 
from  pttcvoi,  *  rugous.'  The  state  of  looseness  and 
excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis. —  VogeL 

RHINOSTEGNOSIS,  Rhinanchone. 

RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 

RHIPTOLUSIA,  Affusion. 

RIIIS,  Nasus. 

RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RHTZO'MA,  Rhizome,  from  oira,  'a  root.'  The 
part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists  of  wood 
or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot 

RHIZOPH'AGUS,  from  pifr,  'a  root,'  and 
fayu,  *  I  eat'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOMIST,  see  Simples. 

RHIZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHODELiB'ON,  Oleum  roea'rum.  Oilof  roses, 
or  oil  impregnated  with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhodi'ola  ro'sea,  Rota,  Roeewort, 
(F.)  Rhodiole.  Sex.  Syet.  Dioecia  Octandria.  The 
root,  Rmeroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  pleasant 
smell,  and  is  slightly  astringent    It  is  not  used. 

RHO'DINUB^Ao'ctiM,  Roea'eeue,  Ro'eeue, 
Roea'tus.  Rosy.  Formed  of,  or  containing,  roses. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

RHODIOLE,  Rhodia. 

RUODITES  V IN  UAL  Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated. 

RHODIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  or  Rosewood. 
The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree  supposed  to  be  Ge- 
nii'ta  CanarUn'sis  of  Linnaeus.  (F.)  Bois  de 
ro*e,  Bois  de  Chypre.  Family,  Leguminosa. 
Sex.  SysL  Diadelphia  Deoandria.  The  essential 
oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial  and  tonio 
virtues.     Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish,  rats,  Ac. 

RHODIUS,  Rhodinns. 

RHODODAPHNIS,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
R.  ehrysan'thum  sea  au'reum  sea  ojfieina'li,  the 
Olean'der,  Rote-bay,  Yellow  rkododendrum,  Moun- 
tain Laurel,  XT.)  Rosage,  R.  chrysanthe.  Nat. 
Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex.  Syet.  Deoandria  Monogy- 
nia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended  in  rheu- 
matism, goat,  and  syphilis.  In  an  overdose,  it 
produces  acro-narcotic  symptoms. 

Rhododbn'dron  Max'ih  um,  Great  Laurel,  Ame- 
rican Rose -bay.  An  indigenous  shrub,  Order, 
Ericaceae,  which  flowers  in  July.  It  is  stimulant 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Indians 
in  gout  and  rheumatism. 

RHODOME'LA  PALMA'TA,  Dulse,  Sac'cha- 
rine  Fucus.  One  of  the  Algae,  eaten  in  large 
quantities  throughout  the  maritime  countries  of 
the  north  of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago. 

RHODOMELI,  Mel  rosse. 

RHODON,  Rosa  centi folia. 

RHODOSACCHARUM,  Confeetio  ros»  gal- 
lic®. 

RHODOSTACTON,  Mel  ros». 

RHODOSTAGMA,  Aqua  rosea. 

RHGSA,  Punica  granatum. 

Rn<EAS,  Papaver  rhmas. 

RHOEBDESIS,  Absorption. 

RHCEUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS,  Rattle. 

RHOI'TES,  poirns,  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate;  from  pott,  Pomegranate*, — 
Dioscorides.    A  confection,  made  by  boiling  the 


juice  of  the  pomegranate  in  honey.  —  Plains  of 
JSgina. 

RHOMBOIDEUS,  from  pu&os,  'a  rhombus,' 
whose  sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
acute  angles.  Rhomboid***  major  and  minor, 
Rhombot'des,  Cervici-dorso-scapulmre.  A  muscle 
situate  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of  the  neck, 
and  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  back.  It  has  a 
rhomboidal  shape,  and  is  attached,  by  its  inner 
edge,  to  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  and  to 
the  spinous  processes  of  the  last  cervical  verte- 
bra, and  of  the  first  four  or  five  dorsal.  By  its 
outer  edge,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or  poste- 
rior edge  of  the  scapula.  It  is  divided  into  two 
fasciculi,  constituting  the  Rhomboideue  major  and 
minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher  than  the 
other.  This  muscle  draws  the  scapula  backwards 
and  upwards,  and  impresses  upon  it  a  rotatory 
motion,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle  nearer  to 
the  spine;  and,  consequently,  depresses  the  an- 
terior angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  popfios.  A  bandage  mentioned  by 
Galen,  so  called  on  account  of  its  rhomboidal 
shape. 

RHONCHAL,  Rhoneha'lie,  from  ronchus,  'rat- 
tle.' Relating  or  appertaining  to  rhonchus;  — 
as  'rhonchal  fluctuation/  the  fremitus  that  occurs 
through  the  influence  of  respiration  as  an  attend- 
ant on  cavernous  rhonohi.  — Walshe. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring,  Stertor— r.  Ca- 
vernous, see  Gurgling  — r.  Cavernulous,  see  Gur- 
gling— r.  Crepitans,  Rdle  crepitant — r.  Crepitans 
Redux,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  Mucous,  see  Rdle  mu- 
queiu*—T.  Sibilans,  see  Rdle  crepitant — r.  Sibilus, 
Rdle  tibilant — r.  Sonoma,  Rule  gonore — r.  Sub- 
crepitant,  see  Rdle  muqncux. 

RHOPALISMUS,  Priopismus. 

RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea. 

RHOPE,  Congestion. 

RHOTACISMUS,  Rotacisin. 

RHUBARB,  Rheum  —  r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 
—  r.  French,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r.  India, 
see  Rheum  —  r.  Krimea,  Rheum  Rhaponticum 
— r.  Monk's,  Rumex  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia — 
r.  Poor  man's,  Thalictron — r.  Rhapontic,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Russia,  see  Rheum — r.  Turkey, 
see  Rheum — r.  Wild,  Convolvulus  ponduratus. 

RHUBARBE  FAUSSE,  Thalictron  —  r.  dee 
Pauvree,  Thalictron. 

RHUE,  Rota. 

RHUMATALQIE,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUMATIQUE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATJSANT,  Rheumatio. 

RHU3IATISMALE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATISME,  Rheumatism  —  r.  Aigu, 
Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Chronique,  Rheumatism, 
chronic  —  r.  Priabdominale,  Rheumatism,  prso- 
abdominal  —  r.  de  VUtSrus,  Metrorrheuma. 

RHUME,  Rheum  —  r.  de  Cerveau,  Corysa — 
r.  de  Poitrine,  Catarrh. 

RHUS  CORIA'RIA,  Sumach,  Shumach,  Rhus 
Glabrum,  Adu'rion,  Elm -leaved  Sumach,  (F.) 
Sumac  dee  Corroyeurs.  Family,  Terebinthacess. 
Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  is  the 
only  species  of  the  genus  rhus  that  is  innocent 
Both  the  leaves  and  berries  have  been  used  as 
astringents  and  tonics. 

Rhus  Glabrum,  Rh.  eoriaria. 

Rhus  Rabi'cahs,  Rhus  vcrnix,  Poison  vine 
(America).  This  plant  is  poisonous  (see  Poisons, 
Table  of),  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when  applied 
to  the  skin,  producing  erysipelas  and  vesications, 
and  has  been  used,  like  the  next  variety,  in  pa* 
ralysis  and  other  nervous  affections. 

Rhus  6tlvestri8,  Myrica  gale* 

Rhus  Toxicodendron,  Toxicodendron,  Poison 
Oak  ( America),  (F.)  Sumac  vintn eux.  Th is  plant 
has  been  used  in  paralytic  affections  and  eutaaa. 


EHTPABIA 


76o 


RINGWORM 


ous  eruptions.     It  u  poisonous,  like  the  last 
Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iv. 
Rhus  Vbr*ix,  Rh.  radicans. 
RHYPARIA,  Rupia,  Sordes  primarum  viarum. 
RHYPOS,  Sordes. 
RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent 

RHYSI8,  Flux. 

RHYSMUS,  Rhythm. \ 

RHYSSEMA,  Wrinkle. 

RHYTHM,  Rhythmus,  Rhysmus,  'measured 
movement.'  The  order  or  proportion,  as  regards 
time,  which  reigns  between  die  different  move- 
ments of  an  organ  —  as  of  the  heart ;  —  or  of  the 
organism  in  health  and  disease.  Thus,  rhythm 
is  applied  to  the  diurnal  variations  of  the  pulse ; 
and  to  the  paroxysmal  movements  of  an  inter- 
mittent 

RHYTHMICAL,  Periodical. 

Rhythmical  Contractions  of  Muscles,  are 
those  that  succeed  one  another  after  regular  in- 
tervals. 

RHYTHMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa— r.  False,  see  Costa— r.  Floating, 
see  Costa — r.  Sternal,  see  Costa  —  r.  True,  see 
Costa. 

RIBES  NIGRUM,  R.  ol'idum,  Grossula'ria 
nigra,  Cassis,  The  Black  currant,  (F.)  Groseil- 
lier  noir.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  berries  have  been  recommended  in  sore- 
throat,  as  diuretics.  The  leaves  have  been  ad- 
vised for  the  same  purpose.  They  are  chiefly 
usod  as  preserves. 

Ribbs  Olidum,  R.  nigrum  —  r.  Officinale,  R. 
rubrum. 

Ribes  RuBRUlf,  R.  ojfitina'ti  sen  vulqa're, 
Growula'ria  non  spino'sa  seu  rubra,  the  Red  cur- 
rant, (F.)  Oroseillier  rouge  ;  of  which  the  White 
is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivated,  and  affords 
an  agreeable  fruit  It  possesses  the  qualities  of 
the  subacid  fruits  in  general,  and  makes  an  ex- 
cellent preserve. 

Ribes  Vulgare,  R.  rubrum. 

RIBS,  KECK  OF  THE,  Collum  costarum  — 
r.  Short,  see  Costa. 

RICE,  Oryza— r.  Disease,  Cholera— r.  Ground, 
see  Orysa — r.  Jelly,  see  Orysa. 

Rice  Water,  see  Oryza.  The  evacuations  of 
cholera  have  been  termed  —  from  their  resem- 
blanoe  to  rice-water  —  'rice-water  discharges;' 
and  in  India,  *  conjee  discharges;'  —  congee  in 
Hindoostanee  meaning  'rice-water.' 

Rice,  Wild,  Zizania  aquatica. 

RICHARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICHWEED,  Actea  racemosa,  Ambrosia  tri- 
fida,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pilea  pumila. 

RICIN,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NIS.  The  Castor  oil 
plant,  Catapu'tia  major,  Ricinus  vulga'ris  seu 
vir'idis,  Palma  Christi,  Faba  purga'trix,  Cerua, 
Kerua,  Oici,  (F.)  Ricin,  Feve  purgatif.  Fa- 
mily, Euphorbiacee.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Mona- 
delphia.  Castor-oil  seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  ob- 
tained, are  inodorous;  taste  acrid  and  slightly 
sweetish.  One  or  two  seeds — Sem'ina  Catapu'tia 
majoris  seu  Ric"ini  vulga'ris — will  act  as  a  ca- 
thartic ;  but  the  oil  is  alone  used.  It  is  obtained 
by  bruising  the  castor-seeds,  previously  decorti- 
cated, and  then  expressing  the  oil  without  the 
application  of  heat  Recently-drawn  castor  oil, 
Oleum  de  Jcerva,  O.  hervi'num,  Alker'va,  Oleum 
Ric"ini,  0.  Cic"inum,  0.  Palm*  liq'uidum,  0. 
de  Palmd  Christi,  (F.)  Huile  de  Ricin,  is  inodor- 
ous and  nearly  insipid.  It  is  cathartic,  operating 
speedily,  and  may  be  used  in  all  cases  where 


powerfully  stimulating  purgatives  would  U  b- 
jurious.  Dose,  f^j  to  fgiss.-  Hufeland  recom- 
mends that  a  drop  of  croton  oil  shall  be  ad- 
ded to  an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  taat 
the  mixture  shall  be  called  Clem*  Bio" in  Op 
cina'li. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  the  oil  is  obtained 
from  Ricinus  Uv'idus. 

A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Verd  is  employed 
by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poultice,  nude 
with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mamme,  orofi 
strong  decoction,  with  which  the  mamme  ud 
the  external  parts  of  generation  are  washed. 

Ricinus  Lividus,  see  Ricinus  communii— r. 
Major,  Jatropha  curcas — r.  Minor,  Jatropha  b»- 
nihot — r.  Viride,  R.  communis — r.  Vulgaris,  £. 
communis. 

RICKETS,  Rachitis. 

RICKETY,  Rachiticus. 

RICTUS  LUPINUS,  see  Harelip. 

RIDE,  Wrinkle. 

RIDE,  Wrinkled. 

RIDING  (of  Bones).  Oseium  superponfi* 
(F.)  ChevauchemenL  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  contri- 
tion of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening  d 
the  limb ;  the  fractured  extremities  ridi*g  orer 
each  other,  instead  of  being  end  to  end.  . 

RIGIDITAS,  Rigidity. 

RlOIDITAS    ARTTCULO'RUlf,    Ancylo'sis  SJ^TiO. 

Stiffness  of  the  joints.     False  ancylosis. 

RIGIDITY,  Rigid' itae,  from  rigere,  'tostHreo/ 
Great  stiffness  of  fibre,  or  want  of  §nppl«B» 
The  stiffness  of  the  dead  body,  (F.)  Rotdesrt* 
davlrique,  is  one  of  the  most  certain  signs  of  tfe* 
cessation  of  life. 

RI'GOR,  Rhigos,  Algor,  Coldness,  CW«, 
(F.)  Frisson.  Same  etymon.  Sensation  of  «!i 
with  involuntary  shivering  of  the  whole  bodj:- 
a  symptom  of  fever.  A  slighter  degree,  sod  ti 
times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed  s  <M 
frigus  ten'ui,  per/rigera'tio. 

Rigor  Artuum,  Contracture — r.  Cadarewwai 
Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Corporis  mortui,  Rigor  mtot 
— r.  Emortualis,  Rigor  mortis— r.  Maxilla  ink 
rioris,  Trismus.  ^ 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  corporis  tnor*tui,  R.  cede 
vero'sus,  R.  emortua'lie,  Necronarce'ma, {¥•)£*■ 
deur  ou  Raideur  cadavtrique.  'Stiffnesi  « 
death.'  Death  stiffening.  The  rigidity  of  li*» 
that  occurs  on  dissolution. 

Rigor  Nervorum,  Tetanus — r.  Nexvonu,"- 
tanus. 

RIMA,  Schisma,  Schixa.  A  fissure, a  cleft:* 
Rima,  or  Ri'mula  Olot'tidit  seu  Laryn'gih  '»• 
opening  of  the  glottis.'  Rima  vulva,  R-  "-€J 
Intro'itus,  Sinus  vulva,  Scapha,  Scaphussnt^ 
su'ra  magna  seu  Scissu'ra  vulva,  Schua,  '■* 
opening  of  the  vulva.'    See  Vulva. 

Rima.  Canalis  Orb  it  a  rh,  Suborbitar  fosm*~ 
r.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  cerebri— r.  Larj"P* 
Rima  glottidis— r.  Magna,  Vulva,  see  Rims-' 
Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fissure,  transrtr* 
of  the  brain. 

RIM^ffi,  Rhagades. 

RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS,  Rima  glottidis-t 
Laryngis,  Rima  glottidis. 

RINJBUS,  Compressor  naris. 

RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RING,  Sax.  hpinx,  iunx,  Germ.  Bio*/*** 
(F.)  Anneau.  A  name  given  to  natural,  ciitw* 
or  roundish  apertures,  with  muscular  or  »P0,*J 
rotio  parietes,  which  serve  for  the  passsge  « 
some  vessel  or  canal :  —  as  the  mwAtHeai  n* 
inguinal  ring,  Ac. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  eireinates—r.  of  * 


hire 


M 


ROSA 


Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata — r.  Ulcerative,  Herpes 
exedens —  r.  Vesicular,  Herpes  proputiL 

R1RE  on  RIS,  Risas — r.  Canin,  Canine  laugh 
—  r.Moqueur,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Sardonien,  Ca- 
nine laugh,  Risas  sardonicub  —  r.  Sardonique, 
Canine  laugh. 

RIS  AGON,  Cassumuniar. 

RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISING,  see  Regurgitation — r.  of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  trachealis. 

Rising  or  Elkva'ttow  of  the  Pclsb,  Pulsus 
eleva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  -when  it  he- 
comes  more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOVUS.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  myoides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISSIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISUS,  from  ridere,  risum,  'to  laugh.'  Oelue, 
Laughing,  Laughter,  Laugh,  (F.)  Eire  ou  Bit. 
An  involuntary  movement  of  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  and  of  the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied 
with  a  sonorous  and  interrupted  respiration,  com- 
monly indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 

Risus  Apium,  Ranunculus  soeleratus  —  r.  Ca- 
nlnus,  Canine  laugh— r.  Involuntarius,  Canine 
laugh — r.  Sardonicus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Spasti- 
ous,  Canine  laugh. 

RITA-CRISTINA.  A  celebrated  double  mon- 
ster, born  in  Sardinia,  in  1829.  It  lived  to  be 
nearly  nine  months  old.  Two  distinct  bodies 
were  united  at  the  pelvis.  Below,  the  monster 
was  single. 

RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 

RIZ,  Oryza. 

ROAN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

ROB,  Roob,  Robub,  Rohob,  Rohab,  (F.)  Extrait 
dee  fruit*.  This  word,  of  Arabio  extraction, 
means  the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the 
consistence  of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it 
has  fermented.  The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to 
this  consistence,  was  called  Sapa,  and,  when  not 
quite  so  thick,  Defru'tum. 

Rob  Cynosbatos,  Confectio  rosa  canines — r. 
ex  Moris,  Diamorion — r.  Nuoum,  Diacaryon. 

ROBIN  RUN-AWAY,   Glechoma  hederacea. 

ROBIN 'I  A  AMA'RA,  Family,  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  roots  of 
the  Robinia  amara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 
and  have  been  reoommended,  especially  in  that 
country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia. 

Robinia  Psbudo-Aca'cia,  Peeudaca'da  odo- 
ra'ta,  False  Aca'cia,  Black  Locust,  Locust-tree ; 
native  of  America.  The  flowers  are  said  to  pos- 
sess antispasmodic  properties. 

ROBORANS,  Corroborant 

ROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

ROBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella— r.  Tinctoria, 
Lichen  roccella. 

ROCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH.  An  empirical  preparation,  composed 
of  ok  oliv.  ^xvj,  ol.  sucein.  5VUJ,  oL  caryoph., 
q.  s.  to  scent  it  strongly. 

ROCHER,  see  Temporal  bone. 

ROCHETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda, 

ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruca— r.  Ro- 
man, Brassica  eruca. 

ROCK  ROSE,  Helianthemum  Canadense,  H. 
Corymbosum. 

ROCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 

RODSCHIEDIA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

ROONE,  Psora. 

ROHAB,  Rob. 

ROHENA  BARE,  Swietenia. 

ROHOB,  Rob. 


ROHUN,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

ROIDEUR  QADA  VJSRIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 

ROISDORFF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Alkaline  waters  in  Germany,  which  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

ROLLER,  Bandage,  Fascia. 

RO MARIN,  Rosmarinus — r.  Sauvage,  Ledum 
sylvestre.  , 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Rome,  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still;  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
favorable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases, and  for  invalids  generally,  as  it  admits  of 
their  taking  exercise  in  the  open  air  at  a  lower 
temperature  than  they  otherwise  could  do.  In 
the  early  stages  of  consumption,  Sir  James  Clark 
generally  found  the  climate  favourable. 

ROMPEURE,  Hernia. 

RONCE,  Rubus  idssus  —  r.  Bleue,  Rubus  ca- 
stas— r.  de  Montagne,  Rubus  chamssmorus —  r. 
Noire,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

ROND,  Round — r.  Grand,  Teres  major — r. 
Petit,  Teres  minor. 

RONFLEMENT,  Snoring,  Stertor,  see  Rattle 
—  r.  de  Diable,  Bruit  de  Diable. 

ROOB,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 

ROOT,  Radix  —  r.  Ague,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
Bitter,  Apocynum  androsoemifolium — r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — r.  Red,  Celastrus — r.  Rough, 
Liatris — r.  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrids — r.  Squaw, 
Acteaa  racemosa — r.  Sweet,  Acorns  calamus — r. 
Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa — r.  Yellow,  Xanthoma 
apiifolia — r.  Yellow,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

ROPE  BARK,  Dirca  palustris. 

ROQUETTE,  Brassica  eruca,  Soda. 

RORELLA,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'i/er,  (F.)  Rorifere,  from 
roe, ' dew,'  and/crro,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet  given 
to  vessels  which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  the  sur- 
face of  organs. 

Roriferous  Duct,  Thoracic  duct 

ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus — 
r.  Solis,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  R.  oentifolia — r.  Afzeliana,  R.  canina. 

ROSA  Alba,  R.  usitatis'sima,  R.  leucan'tha. 
The  White  Rose,  (F.)  Roeier  blanc.  Family,  Ro- 
sacess.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
flowers  of  this  species  possess  similar  but  inferior 
qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Arjtata,  R.  canina  —  r.  Austriaca,  R. 
Gallica — r.  Calyoina,  R.  canina. 

Rosa  Cani'na,  R.  sylves'tris  sou  sentico'sa  seu 
Svoarttia'na  seu  Afxelia'na  seu  arma'ta  seu  caly- 
ci'na  seu  rubra  vulga'ris,  Gynor'rhodon,  Ganiru'- 
bue,  Cani'nue  Sentis,  Cynocyt'isus,  Cynospas'tum, 
Cynos'batos,  Dog  Rose,  Wild  Briar,  Hip  Tree, 
(F.)  Rose  du  chien,  Eglantier  de  chien,  E.  sau- 
vage. The  fruit  of  this  variety,  called  Heps  or 
Hips,  has  a  sourish  taste,  and  is  formed  into  a 
conserve.  See  Confectio  cynosbati.  It  is  seldom 
employed,  except  to  give  form  to  more  active 
remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses,  linctuses,  Ac. 

ROSA  Cehtifo'lia  ;  Hecatomphvl'la,  Damask 
Rose,  Rosa  Damasce'na,  R.  Pal'lida,  (F.)  Rosier 
a  cent  feuilles,  Rhodon,  Rosa.  The  petals  of  this 
rose  have  an  extremely  fragrant  odour,  and  sub- 
acidulous  taste.  They  are  laxative;  but  are 
scarcely  used  for  any  purposes  except  for  the 
distillation  of  rose  water,  Oil  of  Roses,  Oleum 
Rosa,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 

Rosa  Damabcbka,  R.  oentifolia. 

Rosa  Gal'lica,  R.  Austriaca,  Rosa  rubra,  Red 
Rose,  (F.)  Rosier  de  Provins.  The  petals  of  this 
variety  are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  infusion, 
conserve,  £0. 


ROSACE 


756 


novooxr 


Rosa  Leucantha,  R.  alba— r.  PallidA,  R.  oen- 
tifolia — r.  Rubra,  R.  Gallica— r.  Rubra  vulgaris, 
R.  canina — r.  Saltans,  Essera  —  r.  Senticosa,  R. 
caniua — r.  Swartziana,  R.  canina— r.  Sylvestris, 
R.  canina — r.  Usatitissima,  R.  alba. 

ROSACE,  Roseola. 

ROSACE  US,  Rhodinus. 

ft  OSAGE,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

ROSAGO,  Nerium  oleander. 

ROSALIA,  Scarlatina. 

ROSALINE,  Scarlatina. 

R03ATLTS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSE,  Erysipelas  —  r.  Christmas,  Helleborns 
niger— r.  Corn,  Papaver  rhoeas — r.  Damask,  Rosa 
eentifolia — r.  Dog,  Rosa  canina — r.  Dog,  conserve 
or  confection  of,  Confectio  rosae  eaninse —  r.  du 
ehien,  Rosa  canina — r.  Rash,  Roseola — r.  Red, 
Rosa  Gallica  —  r.  Rock,  Ilelianthemum  Corym- 
bo8um — r.  Spots,  Spots,  red — r.  White,  Rosa  alba. 

ROSEA,  Rhodia, 

ROSEBALM,  SCARLET,  Monarda  coccinea. 

ROSEBAY,  AMERICAN,  Rhododendron 
maximum. 

ROSE  DROP,  Gutta  rosea. 

ROSELLINA,  Roseolas. 

ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus — r.  Marsh,  Statice 
liraonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana — r.  Wild,  Eriooe- 
phalus  umbellulatus. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E.  from  Munich,  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.    They  are  used  as  tonics. 

ROSE' OLA,  Exanlhe'sis  Roseola,  Ro$e  Rash, 
(F.)  RosioU,  Eruption  anomale,  Rosace,  Fiivre 
rouge,  Efflorescence  trysipilateuse.  An  efflores- 
cence in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening 
to  a  rose-colour,  mostly  circular  or  oval;  often 
alternately  fading  and  reviving;  sometimes,  with 
a  colourless  nucleus ;  and  chiefly  on  the  cheeks, 
neck,  or  arms.  It  is  frequently  found,  as  a 
symptom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia,  rheumatism, 
Ac,  and  is  of  no  consequence.  See  Roseola, 
Rubeola,  and  Scarlatina. 

Roseola  Acnosa,  Gutta  rosea. 

Roseola  JSsti'va.  The  affection  which  pre- 
vails in  summer.  The  eruption  is  of  a  darker 
colour,  and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Annula'ta.  Characterized  by  patches 
in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with  central 
areas  of  the  colour  of  the  skin. 

Roseola  Ficosa,  Sycosis — r.  Variolosa,  Ro- 
seolas. 

ROSE'OLX,  Roseola,  RosellCna,  False  mea- 
lies, French  measles,  (F.)  RosioU,  Fausee  rougiole. 
This  name  is  also  given  by  some  to  an  acute  ex- 
anthem,  midway  between  measles  and  scarlatina, 
and  which  belongs  to  neither  one  nor  the  other, 
as  it  affords  no  protection  against  either.  It  is, 
also,  termed  Rubeola  by  some.  An  eruption 
which  often  precedes  that  of  small-pox  is  termed 
Roseola  Varioh'sa. 

ROSJZOLE,  Roseola,  Roseolas. 

ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 

ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash,  formed, 
according  to  one  method,  of  subearbonate  of  po- 
tass, gr.  vj  ;  oil  of  almonds,  §j  ;  essence  of  berga- 
<*of,  3ti  >  <*qu<B  rose*,  Jig;  orange  flower  water, 
3U-     Mix. 

ROSE  US,  Rhodinus. 

ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 

ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 

ROSIER  RLANO,  Rosa  alba— r.  *  Cent 
teuilles,  R.  centifolia — r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Gal- 
lioa 

ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia— r.  Brown,  Co- 
topfconia— r.  Weed,  Silphium  terebiathaoeum  — 


r.  White,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— r.  YtDow,  m 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

ROSIO  STOMACHI,  Cardialgia— r.  Vestri- 
euli,  Cardialgia. 

ROSMARINUM,  Rosmarinus. 

ROSMARINUS,  R.  officinalis  scu  lattfoli* 
sen  horten'sis,  Alchachil,  Libano'tis  eorvaa'rif, 
Dendrolib'anus,  Rosemary,  ( F. )  Rowuirin.  F o& ■'  v. 
Labiates.  Sex.  SysL  Diandria  Monogynia.  The 
tops  of  this  plant,  Rosmarinus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Bnbt 
Anthos,  have  a  fragrant,  grateful  smell ;  sod  u 
aromatio,  warm,  bitterish  taste,  which  b  depend- 
ent upon  an  essential  oil,  combined  with  camphor. 
Rosemary  has  been  recommended  in  nervou 
headache,  in  the  form  of  infusion.  It  if  v* 
rarely  used,  except  for  its  odour.  The  flower  ii 
called  Anthos,  «*£«.  Its  oil—  Oleum  Roman* 
— is  officinal.  From  two  to  six  or  ten  drop*  tit 
given  in  nervous  complaints,  rubbed  up  rii 

Rosmarinus  Hortensib,  Rosmarinus— r.  Lai 
folius,  Rosmarinus— r.  Officinalis,  Roflnarino*-- 
r.  Stseohadis  facie,  Teucrium  creticum— r.sjk 
vestris,  Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina— r.  Squamosa,  Seaik- 
tana. 

ROSSI&NOL.  A  name  given,  in  Prance,  11 
an  affection  to  which  pressmen  are  subject  It 
is  a  sprain,  followed  by  tumefaction  of  the  iaoio- 
carpal  joint. 

ROSSOLIO,  see  Spirit 

ROSTRUM,  Rhinchos,  Rinchos,  Bampk*  '• 
beak.'  (F.)  Rec.  A  name  given  to  fewral  *U 
forceps,  ou  account  of  their  resemblance  to  th« 
beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  wen  :t« 
Rostrum  corvi'num,  anati'nwn,  psittacVevsh  «*• 
turi'num,  cyg'neum  vel  olori'nwn,  gruVneshl**1' 
ti'nutn,  Ac 

Rostrum  Externum,  Olecranon— r.  Powna* 
Acromion — r.  Posterior,  Olecranon— r.  Sphetw- 
dale,  Azyges  processus. 

;ROSY  BUSH,  Spiraea  tomentosa— r.  Di* 
Gutta  rosea  — r.  Whelk,  Gutta  rosea. 

ROT,  Eructation. 

ROT,  Grinders',  Asthma,  grinders'. 

ROT'ACISM,  Rotacismfuer  RhotacWmes,  /»**• 
IWmus  rhotacis'mue,  (F.)  Graseeyemeek  A  !»■ 
eious  pronunciation  of  the  Greek,  F,  Be%  w* 
mon  in  the  northern  parts  of  England;  eipecisu/ 
near  Newcastle. 

ROTACISMUS,  GraeeeyemenU 

ROTA'TOR,  from  rota,  'a  wheel.'  A  ass* 
given  to  several  muscles  that  turn  the  P*1*? 
which  they  are  attached  upon  their  axes;—** 
as,  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eye,  the  proaattft 
supinators,  Ac 

Rotator,  Trochanter. 

ROTATO'RES  DORSL  Eleven  small  »* 
cles  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal  vertebra*.  "** 
arise  from  the  point  or  upper  edge  of  each  tra- 
verse prooess,  and  pass  to  the  lower  edge  •»  °J 
arch  of  the  vertebra  above,  as  far  as  the  b**  *■ 
the  transverse  prooess.  Their  action  iatorosatt 
the  individual  vertebrae  on  each  other. 

Rotatores  Fkmoris,  Obturatores — r.  0e»* 
Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye.  . 

ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiseos— r.G«a»>^ 
tells, 

ROTULAD,  see  "Rotular  aspect. 

ROT'ULAR;  from  rotula,  'the  pateua,  ** 
lating  or  appertaining  to  the  patella.  . 

Rotular  Aspect.  An  aspect  t»ward*V 
side  on  which  the  rotula  U  situated.  - jjaw- 
Rot'ulad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  sdrert** 
to  signify  '  towards  the  rotular  aspect' 

ROTULE,  Patella. 

ROTUNDUS,.Round. 

ROUCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 


ROUKH 


T5« 


BUB  US 


ROUEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
water,  known  under  the  name,  Eau  desfontaines 
de  la  Martguerie,  is  cold,  and  contains  carbonate 
of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride 
of  calcium,  Ac.    It  is  tonic. 

ROUGE,  Colcotkar— r.  oY  AngUterrt,  Colco- 
thar. 

ROUGEOLE,  Rubeola— r.  Fausse,  Roeeoto. 

ROVGEURS,  Flush. 

ROUGH  ROOT,  Liatris.  , 

ROUILL&,  Rubiginous. 

ROUND,  Teres,  Rotun'dus,  (F.)  Rond.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  many  organs 
whose  fibres  are  collected  in  round  fasciculi.  See 
Teres. 

Rouxd  Forambw,  Foremen  rotund' urn.  A 
foramen  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
foramen  laeerum  superius,  which  gives  passage 
to  the  second  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves, 
called  superior  maxillary. 

Round  Heart,  Thaspium  atropurpureum. 

Round  Ligaments  op  the  Uterus,  Ligamen'ta 
rotund* a  Vteri,  (F.)  Cordons  sus-pubiens  (Ch.), 
Cordons  vasculaires,  Ligaments  ronds  de  Vuttrus. 
Two  cords,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  and  su- 
perior parts  of  the  uterus,  whence  they  proceed 
towards  the  abdominal  rings,  which  they  pass 
through,  and  terminato  by  vanishing  in  th»  areo- 
lar tissue  of  the  groins,  mons  veneris,  and  labia 
majora.  These  cords  are  whitish,  flattened,  and 
narrower  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
According  to  Mr.  Rainey,  they  are  composed 
chiefly  of  the  striped  muscular  fibre. 

ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER,  Routinist 

ROUTINIST,  pronounced  routeen'ist;  (F.) 
Routinier;  from  (F.)  routine;  *  a  regular  habit  or 
practice,  unvaried  by  circumstances.'  One  who 
practises  in  such  an  unvaried  manner :  —  a  rou- 
tine practitioner. 

RUBBER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 

RUBBING  SOUNDS,  Bruit  de  Frottcment. 

RUBE'DO,  Rubor,  Redness;  from  rubere, 
'  to  be  red.'  A  diffused,  but  not  spotted,  redness 
on  any  part  of  the  skin ;  like  that  which  arises 
from  blushing.     Blushing. 

RUBEFA'CIENT,  Erethisfma,  Erethie'ticum, 
Rubefa'ciens,  from  ruber,  *  red/  and  fa'cio,  *  I 
make.'  (F.)  RubSfiant.  That  which  produces 
redness.  A  medicine  which  causes  redness  of 
the  skin.    The  action  is  called  Rube/action. 

RUB&F/ANT,  Rubefacient. 

RUBE'OLA,  Rubeola  vulga'ris,  from  rubere, 
'  to  be  red.'  Rose'olm,  Exanthe'sis  Rubeola,  Ve- 
tera'na,  Blac'cia,  Bovil'lm,  MorbiVli,  Scarlati'na 
pustulo'sa,  S.  Milia'ris,  Febris  morbillo'sa,  Ty- 
phus morbillosus,  Phaenicis,mus,Ecphy'mata,  Mea- 
sles; (F.)  RougSoU,  Filvre  morbilleuse.  One  of 
the  major  exanthemata ;  generally  affecting  indi- 
viduals but  once,  and  produced  by  specific  conta- 
gion. The  rash  usually  appears  on  the  fourth, 
but  sometimes  on  the  third,  fifth,  or  sixth  day  of 
a  febrile  disorder;  and,  after  a  continuance  of 
four  days,  gradually  declines  with  the  fever. 
The  disease  generally  commences  from  ten  to 
fourteen  days  after  the  contagion  has  been  re- 
ceived. The  eruption  first  shows  itself  in  dis- 
tinct, red,  and  nearly  circular  spots,  somewhat 
less  than  the  ordinary  areola  of  flea-bites.  As 
these  increase  in  number,  they  coalesce ;  forming 
small  patches  of  an  irregular  figure,  but  approach- 
ing nearest  to  that  of  semicircles  or  crescents. 
These  patches  are  intermixed  with  single,  circu- 
lar dots  and  with  interstices  of  the  natural  colour 
of  the  skin.  On  the  face  they  are  slightly  raised, 
■o  as  to  give  the  sensation  of  inequality  of  surface 
v>  the  Anger  passed  over  the  cuticle.  The  disap- 
pearance of  the  eruption  is  followed  by  desqua- 
mation of  the  cuticle.    Measles  is  not  dangerous 


of  itself;  but  it  is  liable  to  induce  pneumonia  in 
winter,  and  dysentery  in  summer,  which  are,  at 
times,  very  fatal.  These  are  apt  to  come  on  at 
the  time  of,  or  soon  after,  the  disappearance  of 
the  eruption.  When  they  supervene,  they  must 
be  treated  as  idiopathic  affections.  It  demands 
a  general  antiphlogistic  treatment.  Will  an  has 
pointed  out  a  kind  of  Rubeola  bpu'ria,  which 
he  calls  Rubeola  sine  Catar'rho.  In  this  the 
rash  runs  its  regular  course,  with  little  fever  or 
catarrhal  affection ;  affording  no  certain  security 
against  the  common  or  regular  disease.  He  also 
gives  the  name,  Rubeola  Nigra  or  Black  Mea- 
sles, to  an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles 
about  the  seventh  or  eighth  day,  when  the  rash 
becomes  suddenly  livid,  with  a  mixture  of  yellow. 
It  is  devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger ;  and  is 
removed  in  a  week  or  ten  days  by  the  mineral 
acids  and  tonics. 

RUBEOLA,  Roseola?. 

RU'BIA,  R.  Tineto'rum  seu  peregri'na  sen  syl- 
ves'tris,  Erythrod'anum,  Rubia  major,  Radix 
rubra,  Dyer's  Madder,  Madder,  (F.)  Garance. 
Family,  Rubiacess.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  roots  of  this  plant  have  a  bitterish, 
somewhat  austere,  taste,  and  a  slight,  not  agree- 
able, smell.  They  were  formerly  considered  de- 
obstruent,  detergent,  and  diuretic. 

RUBIG"INOUS,  Rubigino'sus,  from  rubigo, 
'rust'  (F.)  Rouilli.  Rusty.  Having  the  colour 
of  rust  An  epithet  given  to  the  sputa  in  certain 
cases  of  pneumonia. 

RUBINUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 

RUBOR,  Rubedo. 

RUBRI'CA  FABRI'LIS.  A  red,  heavy, 
earthy  matter,  formerly  employed  for  making 
drying  plasters  ,*  Hard  Ruddle,  Red  Chalk. 

Rubric  a  Sinop'ica.  A  heavy,  compact,  red- 
dish earth :  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 

RUBRIN,  Hsematin. 

RUBUS  AFFINIS,  R.  fruticosus. 

Rubus  Arc'ticub.  The  Shrubby  Strawberry, 
Bncca  Norland' ica.  Family,  Rosace®.  Sex. 
Syst.  Ioosandria  Polygyria.  The  fruit  is  recom- 
mended by  Linnaeus  as  possessing  antiseptio,  re- 
frigerant, and  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Rubus  Batus,  R.  Ceesius. 

Rubus  Cb'sius,  R.  batus;  the  Dewberry  plant, 
(F.)  Ronee  bleue.  The  fruit  resembles  the  black- 
berry in  appearance  and  properties.  The  bark 
of  the  root  of  R.  Trivia' lis,  American  Dewberry, 
is  astringent 

Rubus  Chak,emo'rub  ;  the  Cloudberry  Tree, 
Chavutmo'rus,  C.  Norieegica,  Chamadrys,  Cloud- 
berries, Knot-berries,  (F.)  Ronee  de  Montagne. 
The  ripe  fruit  is  sometimes  prepared  like  a  jam, 
and  used  in  fevers,  Ac,  to  allay  thirst  It  hat 
been  much  extolled  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

Rubus  Frambossianus,  R.  Idteus. 

Rubus  Frutico'sus,  R.  affi'nis  seu  panicula'- 
tus  seu  niger  seu  vulga'ris ;  the  Common  Bram- 
ble, which  affords  Blackberries,  (F.)  Ronee  noire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit  of  which 
they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of  the  root 
of  the  Rubus  viUo'sus,  American  Blackberry  % 
High  or  standing  blackberry,  I/airy  American 
Bramble,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  the 
last  stages  of  dysentery,  and  in  cholera  infantum. 

Bub  us  Idjc'ub,  R.  frambossia'nus,  Batos  ;  the 
Raspberry,  (F.)  Framboise,  Ronee.  The  fruit  of 
the  best  varieties  is  extremely  agreeable ;  and  i* 
much  used.  It  was,  formerly,  called  Batino* 
moron. 

Rubub  Niger,  R.  fruticosus — r.  Paniculatus, 
R.  fruticosus. 

Rubus  Strigo'sus,  Wild  red  raspberry,  of  the 
United  States.  The  leaver  are  often  used  as  «t 
mild  astringent 


EUCTAMEN 


reo 


RTJTA 


RUBUS  TRIVIALI8,  86*  RubU8  CSBSillS —  r.  Vil- 
loeus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus —  r.  Vulgaris,  £.  fru- 
ticosus. 

RUCTAMEN,  Eructation. 

RUCTATIO,  Eructation. 
•RUCTUATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUOSITAS,  Bee  Eructation. 

RUCTUS,  Eructation— r.  Acidus,  Oxyregmia 
— r.  Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia. 

RUDDLE,  HARD,  Rubrica  fabrilis. 

RUDOLPHIA  FRONDOSA,  Butea  frondosa. 

RUE,  Rata — r.  Common,  Ruta — r.de  Chivre, 
Galega  officinalis — r.  Goat's,  Galega  officinalis — 
r.  Goat's,  Virginia,  Galega  Virginian* — r.  Mea- 
dow, Thalictron  —  r.  de*  MuraiUea,  Asplenium 
ruta  muraria — r.  de*  Pri*,  Thalictron  —  r.  Sau- 
vage,  Ruta. 

RUFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA,  Wrinkle. 

RUGINE,  Raspatorium. 

RUGISSEMENT,  Rugitus. 

RUGI'TUS,  Brycheth'mo*,  from  rugire,  rugi- 
tum,  *  to  roar.'  (F.)  Rugiseement.  A  Latin  word, 
which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring  of  the  lion : 
and  which  is  used,  by  some  medical  writers,  to 
designate  a  particular  species  of  borborygmus 
compared  to  it 

RUGOSE,  Wrinkled. 

RUGOUS,  Wrinkled. 

RUM,  Tafia,  Molat'te*  Spirit.  A  spirit  dis- 
tilled from  sugar,  or  molasses.    See  Spirit. 

RUMA,  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

RUMEX  ACETO'SA,  R.  tubero'tu*  sen  inter- 
me' dins }  Lap' at  hum  pratentl,  Common  Sorrel, 
Ox'ali*  Aceto'ea,  Acetosa  vulga'ri*  seu  praten'ti*, 
Anax'yris,  A.  arven'sis,  Sorrel,  Sour  dock,  Ace- 
tota  nostra^  (F.)  0»eille.  Family,  Polygone®. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia.  The  leaves  are 
sour,  and  are  used  in  cookery,  and  also  as  a  re- 
frigerant 

Rumex  Acu'tusj  Sharp-pointed  Wild  dock, 
Oxylap'athum,  Lap'athum,  L.  sylves'tre  seu  acu'- 
tum,  Rumex,  R.  paludo'sus  seu  pusil'lus,  Lap'a- 
thos,  (F.)  Patience  sauvage.  The  decoction  of 
the  root  has  long  been  used  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  cure 
of  the  itch. 

Rumex  JStnensis,  R.  scutatus. 

Rdmex  Alpi'nus,  Aceto'ta  Alpi'na.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk** 
Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  des  Moines.  See  Rumex 
patientia. 

Rumkx  Aquaticus,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  — 
r.  Britanntca,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  —  r.  Con- 
fertus,  R.  patientia— r.  Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis 
— r.  Glaucus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Hastatus,  R.  scuta- 
tus— r.  Hastifolius,  R.  scutatus. 

Rumex  Htdrolap'athum,  Water-Dock,  Hy- 
drolapathum, Rumex  aquat'icus,  Herba  Britan'- 
nica,  Rumex  Britan'nica,  Lap'athum  aquat'icum, 
(F.)  Parelle,  Patience  cTeau.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to  be  laxative.  The 
root  has  been  used  as  a  tonic,  astringent,  and 
antiscorbutic  It  has  also  been  employed  exter- 
nally in  some  cutaneous  affections. 

Rumex  Lhtermedius,  R.  acetosa.         * 

Rumex  Obtubifo'lius,  Lap'athum  syfoestri, 
blunt-leaved  Dock.  The  root  of  this,  as  well  as 
of  R.  erispxt*,  has  similar  virtues  to  that  of  the 
other  species. 

Rumex  Oxyotus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Paludosus, 
R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Patien'tia,  R.  con/er'tus,  Lap'athum 
horten'se,  RHabar'barummonacho'rum,  Hippolap'- 
athum,  Patien'tia,  Garden  Patience,  Monk**  Rhu- 
barb, (F.)  Patience.  This  root,  which  is  sup- 
posed to  r.ossess  the  virtues  of  rhubarb,  but  in  an 


inferior  degree,  is,  according  to  Linnsus,  oUussJ 
from  the  Rumex  patientia;  according  to  Mumy, 
from  the  Rumex  alpi'nus. 

Rumex  Pcsillus,  R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Sanouin'eus.  The  root  of  the  fcWy 
dock  has  an  austere  and  astringent  taste;  ud 
has  been  employed  in  dysentery.  It  is  called, 
also,  Lap'athum  sanguin'eum,  (F.)  Oteilie  on  Pa- 
tience Rouge,  Sangdragon. 

Rumex  Scuta'tus,  R.  gtaucus  seu  hestifo'Uv 
seu  jEtnen'sis  sen  oxyotus  seu  hasta'tus,  Fmck 
Sorrel,  Aceto'sa  rotundifo'lia  seu  Roma'ua  tec 
Rotundi/olia  horten'sis  seu  scuta' to,  Lap'ith* 
scuta'tum  seu  rotundt/o'lia,  Roman  or  Gsrfa 
Sorrel,  Green  Sauce,  (F.)  Oeeille  boueker,  Oteult 
ronde,  Petite  0.  Virtues  the  same  at  thoet  <i 
the  common  sorrel. 

Rumex  Tuberosus,  R.  acetosa. 

RUMINA'TION,  Rumina'tio,  from  raw  « 
rumen,  '  the  gullet'  MerycU'mus.  A  fineo* 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  tfacr 
chew  a  second  time  the  food  they  have  mi- 
lowed.  An  analogous  phenomenon  is  i 
seen  in  man. 

RUMP,  Croupion — r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

RUNCINA,  Raspatorium. 

RUNCINULA,  Raspatorium. 

RUNNET,  Rennet 

RUNNING,  Cursus,  (F.)  Coun*.  As 
of  leaps,  executed  with  rapidity,  to  transport ttt 
body  quickly  from  one  place  to  another. 

RUNUNCULA,  Raspatorium. 

RUPES,  Lips  of  the  Vulva. 

RU'PIA,  Ulcus  aton'icum,  EcpUy'sis  Wf* 
Rhypa'ria,  from  ovnes,  'filth.1  An  eruption  af 
large  flatttsh  blebs,  which  contain  a  flnid— stM 
serous,  afterwards  purifonn,  and  often  Uoodt, 
which  rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at  the  to* 
of  which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internally,  «*" 
stimulating  ointments  externally. 

RUPTIBILITAS,  Fragilitas. 

RUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium— r.  CoBunnnaJ* 
tassa  fusa. 

RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Lacerate 
Rhexis — r.  Corneas,  Ceratorrhexis— r.  Hernia* 
Hernia — r.  Ovarii,  Oariorrhexis — r.  Uteri,  He* 
rupture  of  the  —  r.  Vaginas,  Colporrhem 

RUPTURE,  Hernia,  Rhexis  — r.  d»  <W. 
Cardiorrhexis  —  r.  of  the  Groin,  Bubonocele-'- 
de  la  Matrice,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the—  r.  Wifi 
Herniaria  glabra. 

RUPTURED,  see  Hernial. 

RUSCUS,  R.  aculea'tus,  Brusau,  Orssnr- 
rhini,  Oxymyr'sine,  Myrtacan'tha,  Cata*'ft<#> 
Myacan'tha,  Sco'pia  re'gia,  Wild  Myrtle,  Q&+ 
myrine,  Butcher**  Broom,  (F.)  Petit  Aow, »?» 
Family,  Smilaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Mcn*»- 
phia.  The  root  has  been  recommended  u  * 
aperient  and  diuretic. 

RUSCUS  ACULEATUB,  RttSCUS. 

Ruscus  Hypoglos'sum  j  Uvula'ria,  Bypfiff" 
turn,  Bislin'gua,  Bonifa'cia,  Laurus  Altx**&n* 
angustifo'lia,  (F.)  Laurier  Alexandria.  I\kbOT 
used  against  relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Acorus  calamus,  Jubcbso* 
ratus. 

RUSMA,  see  Orpiment 

RUSPINI'S  STYPTIC,  see  Styptic,  RufP** 

Ruspi'icr's  Tincture  for  the  Tektb.  Ab* 

frical  preparation,  composed  of  Florentine* 
vig,  clove*  Jj,  rectified  spirit  Oy,  amberaruy 
RUT,  Heat 

RUTA,  Ruta  graveolen*  seu  horten'rit  *» £ 
tera,  Common  Rue,  Peranum,  Be*a'*a,  (F.)  B+ 
Rhue,  Rue  *auvage.  Family,  Rutacea.  4* 
Sy*t.  Decaudria  Monogynia,     The  pJ«*  »•  * 


BUTABULTJM 


HI 


8ACCHARTJM 


strong,  ungrateful  odour,  Mid  bitter  pungent 
taste.  It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the  skin.  Its 
properties  are  reputed  to  be  tonic,  stimulant,  an- 
tispasmodic, and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  iv 
toBij. 

Oleum  Ruta,  distilled  Oil  of  Rue,  is  antispas- 
modic ;  and,  externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt 
V  tovj. 

Ruta  Altera,  Ruta— r.  Capraria,  Galega  offi- 
cinalis— r.  Graveolens,  Ruta — r.  Hortensis,  Ruta 
—  r.  Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

RUTABULUM,  Penis. 

RUTA'CEUM,  from  Ruta,  'rue.'  Vinegar  of 
rue. 

RUTIDOMA,  see  Rutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Rytido'sis,  Rhvtido'sis,  from 
aeni**,  'I  wrinkle.'    The  act  of  wrinkling;  as 


RutiaWma  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body, 
A  destruction  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUYSCHIA'NA  TU'NICA,  (P.)  Lame  on 
Membrane  Ruyschienne.  According  to  Ruysch, 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  laminae.  His 
son  gave  to  the  inner  the  name  Tunica  Ruysehi- 
a'na  or  ilfi  infi yjjun  Ruyschia'na  sou  Rvysch'ii. 

Tu'nica  OeUulo'sa  Ruyschia'na  is  the  areolar 
substance  under  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  It  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE,  Secale — r.  Horned,  Ergot — r.  Spurred, 
Ergot 

RYTIDOSIS,  RuUdosia. 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle. 


S. 


8.  A.  Ac,  see  Abbreviation. 

SABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla,  see  Vera- 
trina. 

SABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina. 

SABATILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SABBATIA,  Chironia  angularis — s.  Angularis, 
Chironia  angularis. 

SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABLJt,  MacuWsus,  'sanded/  Having  the 
appearance  as  if  strewed  with  sand.  The  terms 
sabli  and  piqueti  are  sometimes  applied  to  the 
brain,  when  a  slice  of  it  exhibits  red  points  as  if 
it  had  been  strewed  with  red  sand.  Such  is  the 
case  in  cerebral  hyperemia. 

SABOT  BE  VENUS  JAUNE,  Cypripedium 
luteum. 

SABUCU8,  Sambucus. 

SAB'ULOUS,  Sabulo'sus,  Areno'sus,  Psammo'- 
des.    The  sandy  deposit  often  seen  in  the  urine. 

SABULUM  CONARII,  see  Pineal  gland. 

SABURA,  Saburra. 

SABUR'RA,  Sabu'ra,  Sordes.  This  word  sig- 
nifies, by  derivation,  coarse  sand,  or  ballast.  In 
its  common  acceptation,  it  means  foulness  of  the 
stomach,  as  it  is  sometimes  called ; — vitiated  mat- 
ters supposed  to  be  retained  and  accumulated  in 
the  stomach — the  result  of  imperfect  digestion — 
and  which  have  been  sometimes  considered  as  a 
morbid  product  of  the  mucous  Becretion  of  that 
organ,  or  of  the  biliary  secretion ;  at  others,  as  a 
residuum  from  alimentary  substances  badly  di- 
gested. The  Saburral  Hate,  Collu'vies  gas'trica, 
Orudita'tes  ventric'uli,  Gastrin' mti8,  (F.)  Embarras 
gastrique,  £tat  saburral,  is  an  accumulation  of 
saburro,  (F.)  Saburres  gastriques,  in  the  stomach, 
which  the  Humourists  considered  to  be  the  cause 
of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Saburra  Verminosa,  Helminthiasis. 

SABURRATIO,  Arenatio. 

SABURRES  QASTRIQUES,  see  Saburra. 

SAG HERNTAIRE,  Hernial  sac. 

SACCATUS,  Encysted. 

SAGGHAR,  Saccharum. 

SACCHARINA,  SaccharoUs. 

8ACCHAR0LES (V.),  Sacchari'na,  from  sac- 
charum,  *  sugar/  A  name  given  by  MM.  Henry 
And  Guibourt  to  medicines  which  have  sugar  or 
honey  for  excipient,  or  for  predominant  principle. 
M.  Beral  so  calls  an  exact  mixturo  of  pulverized 
sugar  with  other  substances  also  in  powder,  but 
la  leas  quantity. 


SAGCHAROM'BTKR,(F.)£aec*af-o«i*//'e,P*M- 
sirop,  from  eaecharwn,  *  sugar/  and  uerpov,  '  mea- 
sure/ A  hydromoter  adapted  for  determining  the 
density  of  syrups. 

SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula  cerevisiss. 

SACCHARORRHCEA,  Glycyrrhoea— s.  Cuta- 
nea, Sudor  dulcis. 

SACCHARORRHCE'A  Lac'tea,  Qalactorrhos'a  sac- 
char  a' t  a.    A  secretion  of  unusually  sweet  milk. 

SACCHARORRHCEA   PULlfONA'LIS,  Sputum  dulcf 

sen  sacchara'tum.    The  copious  expectoration  of 
unusually  sweet  matter  from  the  lungs. 

Sacchakorrhcea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 
SACCHARUM,  Sacehar.  From  Arabic,  or 
rather  Sanscrit,  Sa-kar,  'white  earth;'  Suchar, 
Succhar,  Sutter,  Zuchar,  Zn'caro,  Ae'sakur,  Ti~ 
gala,  Zac'charum,  Zozar,  Zu'charum,  Zuc'carum, 
Zuchra,  Mel  arundina'ceum,  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre, 
The  produce  of  the  juioe  of  the  Sac'charum  ojfi- 
cina'rum  vol  officinale  of  Linnaeus,  CaVamus  lnf- 
dicut,  Calamus  Saechari'nus,  Sugar  Cane,  (F.) 
Canne  ct  Sucre,  Cannamelle;  Arun'do  saccha- 
rif'era  of  Sloane.  Family,  Graminem.  Sex, 
Syst.  Triandria  Digynia)  and  also  of  the  beet, 
maple,  Ac. 

True  Sugars  are  those  with  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  may  be  effeoted,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.    They  are : — 
Species.  Varieties. 

Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet, 

chestnut,  Ac. 
Liquid  sugar,  sugar  of  malt,  of  the 
sweet  potato,  molasses,  honey,  Ac 
Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 
starch,  diabetes,  Ac 

4. "  Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom. 

Imperfect  sugar*  are  those  in  which  alcoholio 
fermentation  cannot  be  effected  by  means  of  yeast 
and  water. 
Species,  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  Milk. 

3 Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue. 

4 Liquorice. 

5 ...PicromeL 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  Juice  of 
the  sugar-cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of  quick- 
lime or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is  used,  In 
pharmacy,  for  the  preparation  of  syrups,  con- 
serves, lozenges,  Ac.  It  is  very  nutritious,  and 
is  employed  as  an  alimeut,  and  as  a  demuleen* 


SACCHARURE 


MS 


SACROCOCCYGEAL 


and  antiseptic  Dissolved  in  small  quantities  in 
water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disagree  with  dys- 
peptics; an  evil  which  does  not  always  occur 
when  the  same  substance  is  taken  more  largely. 

Saccharum  Acaa'HUJf,  S.  Canadm'si,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  nsed  as  a  demulcent. 

Sac'charuk  Album,  8.  purijica'tum,  Saccha- 
rum (Ph.  U.  S.),  White  Sugar,  Refined  Sugar, 
Sal  Indue,  is  the  Loaf  Sugar**  Double-refined 
Sugar  has  been  called  Tabanet, 

Saccharum  Can'didum,  S.  candum  sen  confirm 
sen  canthum,  Al'phenic,  Nabot,  Sugar  candy,  (F.) 
Sucre  Candi,  is  the  crystallized  juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Cakdum,  S.  Candidum — s.  Cantum, 
8.  Candidum  —  s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum  —  s. 
Commune,  Saccharum  non-purificatum. 

Saccharum  Hordea'tcm,  Barley  Sugar,  Pe- 
nides,  Penid'ium,  Sac' char  urn  penid'ium,  is  a  va- 
riety of  sugar  candy. 

Saccharum  Lactis,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Saccharum  Non-Purifica'tuii,  Muecova'do, 
raw  or  brown  or  moist  sugar,  is  the  S.  commu'ni, 
S,  rubrum,  Mel  canna,  or  coarse  sugar. 

Saccharum  Officinaruk,  see  Saccharum  —  s. 
Penidium,  Hordeatum  —  s.  Rosaoeum,  Confectio 
rosa  gallicaa — s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SA COHAR  URE,  from  $accharum, l  sugar/  A 
medicine  resulting  from  the  intimate  union  of 
sugar  with  the  medicinal  principles  of  alcohol  or 
ethereal  tinctures. — B6ral. 

SACCULATED,  Encysted. 

SACCULATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCULI  ADIPOSI,  Fatty  vesicles— s.  Cha- 
licophori,  see  Lacunas  of  Bone — s.  Laryngei,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicwa'les.  Bags  containing  me- 
dicinal substances. 

Sacculi  Medulla  res,  see  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

SACCULUS,  diminutive  of  eaccue,  'a  little 
sac.'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which  open 
into  each  other,  and  contain  the  otolithes  and 
otoconies:  one  of  these  is  termed  the  eacculue 
vestib'uli,  the  other  eacculue.  See  Semioiroular 
canals. 

Sacculus,  Marsnpion  —  s.  Cephalicus,  Cuon- 
pha — s.  Chylifcr  sen  rorifer,  Receptaculum  chyli 
— s.  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Ellipticus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals. 

Sac'oulus  Lartn'gis.  A  oseoal  pouch,  of 
variable  size,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane 
in  the  ventricles  of  the  larynx. — Hilton. 

Sacculus  Medicixalis,  Pulvinar  medicatum 

—  s.  Sphericus,  see  Semicircular  canals — s.  Ves- 
tflrali,  Semicircular  canals. 

SACCUS,  Sac  —  s.  Coli,  CsBcnm  —  s.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — s.  Herniosus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Epi- 
ploicua,  Epiploon — s.  Intestini  crassi,  Caecum — 

LLacrymalia,   Lachrymal  sac  — s.  Lacrumalis, 
ohrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacteus,  Receptaculum  chyli 

—  s.  Muoosus,  see  Bursas  mueosao —  s.  Pleurae, 
Pleura — s.  Venarum  oavarum,  Sinus  dexter  cordis 
—s.  Venarum  pulmonalium,  Sisus  pulmonalis. 

SACER,  Sacral  —  s.  Ignis,  Herpes  soeter — s. 
Morbus,  Epilepsy  —  s.  Musculus,  Transversalis 
dorsi. 

SACERDOTIS  PENIS,  Arum  maculatum. 

SACHET  (F.),  Soc'cnlue,  'a  bag.'  A  small 
bag  containing  perfumes  to  be  placed  among 
clothes  to  communicate  to  them  an  agreeable 
odour.  The  following  is  a  formula  for  the  pow- 
der they  contain.  Powdered  cloves  and  powdered 
cassia,  each  one  oun<v ,  powdered  orrie  root,  an 
ounce  and  a  half;  powdered  yellow  eandal  wood, 
one  drachm  ;  otto  of  roses,  twenty-four  drops ;  oil 
of  lavender,  oil  of  bergamot,  each  one  drachm ; 
smmsj,  six  grains.    A  scent-bag. 


SACK.  A  wine  used  by  our  ancestors j  Fa  m 
Probably  Sherry. 

Sack,  Saceus,  Secluso'rimm ;  Sax.  f ac  Akag 
or  po'ich. 

Sack,  Her'hial,  Saceue  hernio'nu,  {?.)  >* 
herniaire.  An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  W*£* 
serous  membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  ir^a 
has  escaped.  We  distinguish,  in  a  hernial  at 
its  orifice  or  the  opening  by  which  it  commaa- 
cates  with  the  great  cavity  lined  by  the  sere 
membrane:  its  cervix  or  neck,  (F.)  f Wa  w 
narrow  portion  on  the  ontside  of  the  ir~t, 
where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs:  *bc i  -m. 
(F.)  Corps,  which  is  the  round  prominent  far.: 
and  the  /undue  or  bottom, — the  part  opposite  u 
the  orifice. 

Sack  Posset  ;  from  sac*, « the  win*,'  sad  ?» 
set.  A  posset  made  of  sack,  milk  and  uikr  in- 
gredients. 

Sack,  Serous.  The  shut  cavity  formed  tj 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura-  or  peri- 
neum. 

SACRAD,  see  Sacral. 

SACRA  FISTULA,  Vertebral  column. 

SACRAL,  Sacer,  (F.)  SacrL  That  wbut  * 
longs  or  relates  to  the  sacrum.  A  name  gma« 
several  parts. 

Sacral  Arteries  are  distinguished  into  I 
The  anterior  or  middle  eacraL  Median  Artfj  ,' 
the  Sacrum  of  Chaussier,  which  arte*  from  u 
posterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  fr*'-  * 
the  4th  lumbar  vertebra.  It  descends,  in  i  «'■ 
pontine  manner,  upon  the  sacro-vertehral  ar««- 
lation,  and  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the .«» 
It  furnishes  many  lateral  branches,  which  via 
with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and  enter  tit  in- 
terior sacral  foramina,  to  be  distributed  :v  lii 
membranes  of  the  marrow,  Ac  2.  The  h** 
eacral  arteries,  which  are  two  in  number:  <x<* 
each  side.  They  arise  from  the  hypogastric  ir«a 
the  ilio-lumbar,  or  from  the  gluteal;  and  ie*-^ 
before  the  anterior  sacral  foramina,  anactoBK*-? 
in  an  arched  manner,  towards  the  eoecrx.*^ 
the  middle  sacral.  They  give  off  extend  *l 
posterior  branches,  which  enter  the  ftterai  ts» 
mina;  and  internal  branches,  which  art  ** 
buted  to  the  pyramidalis,  sacrum,  Ac. 

Sacral  Aspect.  An  aspect  toward*  the  r*f'! 
where  the  sacrum  is  situated. — Barclay.  &  "£ 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  up*i 
1  towards  the  sacral  aspect.' 

Sacral  Extremities.     The  lower  limnt 

Sacral  Grooves,  (F.)  Oouttiires  sacri*.  T»* 
longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked, no* 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum;  which  apes*11 
terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or  gutter*. 

Sacral  Nerves,  (F.)  Ntrfe  saeris,  are  ru- 
rally six  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  w*j 
nation  of  the  spinal  marrow.  The  fin*  »* 
with  the  great  cord  which  descends  fr«  * 
lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three  ota«  J 
the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic  plexs*-  J* 
third  and  fourth,  with  branches  of  the  p* 
sympathetic,  form  the  hypogastric  plexus.  *=j 
fifth  and  sixth  {coccyge'al  nerrs)  are  distrik* 
to  the  ischio-coccygeus  muscle,  and  to  the  j}^ 
ter  and  levator  anL 

Sacral  Plexus,  Sciatic  pf««*,-li'*9' 
portion  of  the  crural  plejcue  of  Chancier,  f* 
stituted  as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  &*" 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off,  backward*-  £ 
branches,  called  the  pudic,  (F.)  honte**.  a»l"» 
lesser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  **■ 
nerve. 

SACKS,  Sacral.  t. 

SACROCOCCYGE'AL,  Sanv-coctyoesi.  ** 
lating  to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx.  . 

Sacrococctoe'al  Articcla'tios  m  ■»  ■ 


8A0B000STALI8 


768 


SACRUM 


the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  with  the  su- 
perior/«<*««  of  the  coccyx.  It  is  closed  by  two 
ligaments ;  —  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  sacro- 
coccygeal. 

SACROCOSTALIS,  Sacro-lumbalis— t.  Femo- 
ral, Gluteus  major. 

SACROCOXAL'GIA,  from  taentm,  'the  os 
sacrum,'  coxa,  'the  hip/  and  a\yo<,  'pain/  a 
hybrid  term.  Some  authors  have  called  thus  a 
rheumatic  affection  of  the  saoro-iliao  symphysis. 

BACROIL'IAC,  Sacro-ili'acus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacroiliac  Articuxa'tioic,  Stm'phtsis,  or 
Synchondrosis,  Ilio-sacral  articula'tion,  sym- 
physis or  synchondrosis,  is  the  union  of  two  sur- 
faces;—  two  inolined  planes,  broader  above  than 
below ;  one  formed  by  the  sacrum,  the  other  by 
the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are  in  crusted  by  an 
articular  cartilage.  The  bands  which  strengthen 
them  are  the  two  sacro-sciatic  ligaments,  the 
§acro-9pinal,  a  •aero-iliac  ligament,  and  some  ir- 
regular fibres.  The  sacro-iliac  ligament  is  a  very 
thick  assemblage  of  short,  dense,  irregular,  fibres, 
occupying  the  space  which  the  sacrum  and  ilium 
leave  between  them,  behind  their  articular  sur- 
face. Some  authors  have  termed  some  irregular 
fibres,  situate  in  front  of  the  saoro-iliao  articula- 
tion, anterior  sacro-iliac  ligaments,  in  opposition 
to  the  preceding  fasciae,  which  they  call  posterior 
sacro-iliac. 

SACROISCHIATICU8,  Sacro-sciatic. 

SACROLOMBAIRE,  Sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROLUMBAR,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Sacro-lom- 
baire.  That  whioh  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and 
loins. 

Saorolttmbar,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Sacro-lumba1 '- 
ris  Muscle,  Sacro-eosta'lis,  Dorso-trache*lian  por- 
tion of  the  Sacro-spinal  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Lombo- 
costo-trachflien,  Sacro-lombaire,  Is  seated  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  trunk ;  is  thick  and  triangu- 
lar below ;  flat  and  thin  in  the  remainder,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremity.  It 
is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum; 
to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the  crista  ilii ;  to 
the  extremities  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
lumbar  vertebras ;  to  the  angles  of  the  eleven  in- 
ferior ribs ;  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  first,  and  the 
posterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrae.  The  sacro-lum- 
balis straightens  the  vertebral  column  when  bent 
forwards,  and  maintains  it  straight.  By  means 
of  its  insertion  into  the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  de- 
press these  bones,  according  as  it  contracts  from 
above  to  below,  or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts, 
consequently,  sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at 
others  as  an  expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  terminato 
at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are  called 
Mus'culi  Accessor'ii  vel  Additamen'tum  ad  Sacro- 
lumba'lem,  (F.)  Aceessoires  dn  Sacro-lombaire. 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  sacro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cervica'lis  deecen'dens,  Cervi- 
cal*«  desrendens  Diemerbroeck'iir  Transversa' lis 
eollatera'lis  colli,  Accesso'rius  ad  Sacro-lumba- 
lem,  (F.)  Transversaire  grile,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebra,  by  three  distinct 
tendons.  These  last  parts,  though  separated  by 
some  anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSCIAT'IC,  Sacro-ischiat' icus.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacrosciatic  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliao  articula- 
tion. The  areat  or  posterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment extends  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium.    The  less  or  anterior  saero-sciatic  liga- 


ment arises  from  the  same  point,  and  terminate! 
in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACROSPINAL,  Dorso-traehelian  portion  of 
the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name,  Chaus- 
sier describes  the  sacro-lumbalis,  longiesimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalie,  and  in- 
tertransversalis.  He  divides  it  into  three  por- 
tions. 

SACROTROCHANTERIEN,  Pyramidalis. 

SACROVERT'EBRAL,  Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebrae. 

Sacrovbrtbbral  Articulation  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebrae  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones  form 
at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the  Prom'on- 
tory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Sacro-vertebral  Angle. 

Sacrovsrtbbral  Ligament  is  a  strong  liga- 
ment, which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of  each 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of  the  sacrum. 
Its  use  is  to  maintain  the  articulation  of,  those 
two  bones  in  situ. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum,  Os  basila'ri,  Os  Alagas, 
Os  latum,  Os  clun'ium,  Ver'tebra  magna,  Alba- 
giazi,  Hi'eron  ost'eon,  Clunis,  Subver'tebra,  Sub- 
ver'tebrum,  Ytt'ula;  from  «acer,  'sacred;'  be- 
cause it  contributes  to  protect  the  genital  organs, 
which  were  considered  sacred,  or  because  it  was 
offered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone,  which  forms  the 
posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  is  a  continuation 
of  the  vertebral  column.  The  sacrum  is  symme- 
trical and  triangular,  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  pelvis,  and  concave  anteriorly.  It  has,  — 
1.  A  pelvic  or  anterior  surface,  which  corresponds 
to  the  pelvio  cavity,  and  has  four  transverse  fur- 
rows, that  point  out  the  parts  where  the  primitive 
portions  of  the  bone  were  separated  from  each 
other.  On  each  side  there  are  four  foramina, 
called  anterior  sacral;  these  are  oblique,  and 
decrease  in  size,  from  above  downwards.  Through 
these  pass  the  anterior  branches  of  the  sacral 
nerves.  2.  A  spinal  or  posterior  surface,  which 
is  convex,  rough,  and  covered  by  muscles.  Upon 
the  median  line  are  four  horizontal,  tubercular 
eminences,  forming  a  continuation  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebras ;  and  below,  a  triangu- 
lar notch,  where  the  sacral  canal  terminates.  On 
eaoh  side  of  the  surface  are  four  foramina,  called 
posterior  sacral,  whioh  are  smaller  than  the  an- 
terior, and  give  passage  to  the  posterior  branches 
of  the  sacral  nerves.  3.  The  vertebral  surface  or 
base.  Its  greatest  extent  is  transversely.  It  is 
articulated  with  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  On  it 
is  seen  the  orifice  of  the  sacral  canal,  of  a  trian- 
gular shape,  which  decreases  in  width  from  above 
downward;  terminates  the  vertebral  canal;  is 
lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  cerebral  mem- 
branes; contains  the  fasciculi  of  the  sacral  nerves;  ' 
communicates,  externally,  by  the  sacral  foramina; 
and  terminates  at  the  triangular  notch  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  bone.  At  the  sides  of  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  sacral  canal  are  two  articular 
processes,  which  receive  the  articular  processes 
of  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  The  projection  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the 
last  lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Prom'ontorv, 
Promonto'riwn  Ossis  Sacri,  Great  Angle  of  tke 
Sacrum  or  Sacro-vertebral  Angle.  4.  A  coccygeal 
face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face  coecygienne  ou  Sommet, 
whioh  is  very  narrow,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
coccyx.  6.  Two  lateral  margins,  which  have, 
above,  a  broad,  oblique  surface,  articulated  with 
the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  SO  to  36  points  of 


SADDLE 


764 


SAINT  PARDAUX 


SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Tardea. 

8-fiPES,  Sepes. 

SAFFLOW,  Carthamus  tinotorius. 

BAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinotorias. 

SAFFRON,  Crocus  —  a.  Bastard,  Carthamus 
tinotorius — s.  Dyers',  Carthamus  tinotorias  —  s. 
Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius — s.  Meadow,  Col- 
chicum  autumnale. 

SAFRAN  BATARD,  Carthamus  tinctorius, 
Colohicum  autumnale  — «.  dee  Indes,  Curcuma 
longa — •.  de  Mare  apiritif,  Ferri  subcarbonas — 
e.  de  Mart  cut Hn gent,  Colcothar  —  a.  dee  Prle, 
Colchicum  autumnale  —  e.  Racine  de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

6AFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

SAFRE,  Smalt 

SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (F.) 
Oomme  siraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed  to 
be  obtained  from  the  FePula  Per'eica.  Family, 
Umbelliferss.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
Its  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous ;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour ;  tenacious ;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  emmenagogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  3ss. 

6AGAPIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Salvia  —  s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
ratum— s.  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria — s.  Tree,  Lan- 
tana— s.  Wild,  Salvia  Africana. 

SAGE-FEMME,  Midwife. 

SAGENA,  Epiploon. 

SAGESSE  DES  CHIRURGIENS,  Sisym- 
brium Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

SAGIT'TAL,  Sagitta'lU,  Sagitta'tue,  from 
eagitta,  l  an  arrow.' 

Sagittal  Furrow,  Sagittal  Groove,  (F.)  Govt- 
tiire  sagittalc,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  exca- 
vated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal  and 
occipital  bones,  and  extends  from  the  crista  galli 
to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It  lodges 
the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been  called  the 
sagittal  einus. 

Sagittal  Suture,  Obel&'a  sutu'ra,  0.  Raphe", 
Sutura  Virga'ta,  S.jtiga'lie,  S.  RabdoVde;  Rhab- 
doVden,  lihabdo'des,  Rhabdotdeue  sen  Biparieta'- 
lie.  The  suture  which  unites  the  two  parietal 
bones,  and  which  extends,  from  before  to  behind, 
on  the  median  line,  from  the  coronal  suture  to 
the  lambdoidal.  It  is  so  called,  from  eagitta,  '  an 
arrow/  because  it  seems  to  meet  the  coronal  su- 
ture as  an  arrow  meets  the  string  of  a  bow. 

SAGITTA'RIA  VARIABILIS,  Arrowhead, 
ArroxoUaf,  Wapata  of  Oregon ;  Nat.  Ord.  Alis- 
maceae  ;  esculent,  yielding  fecula  like  arrow-root 
The  roots  are  cooling  and  sub-astringent,  and  are 
at  times  applied  to  the  feet  in  cases  of  yaws  and 
dropsical  swellings  of  the  legs.  The  leaves  are 
applied  to  the  breasts  to  dispel  milk. 

SAGITTA'RIUM  ALEXIPHAR'MACUM, 
Malac'ctt  radix,  Canna  In'diea,  Aran' do  Indiea. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds  by  poisoned 
arrows. 

SAGITTATUS,  Sagittal. 

SAGO,  Samu,  Saga,  Sagu,  Segu,  Am'ylum  pat- 
ma'ceum,  (F.)  Sagou,  Sagtte.  A  fecula,  obtained 
from  the  pith  of  the  Sagu*  rumph'ii,  Cyeae  cirei- 
na'lie,  C.  revolu'ta,  Ac,  growing  in  the  Moluccas, 
Philippine  Isles,  Ac,  and  which  is  brought  to  us 
In  small  grains.  The  same  substance  is,  also, 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior 
to  that  from  the  East  By  boiling  in  water  or 
milk,  sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and 
forms  an  agreeabU  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile, 


calculous,  and  other  disorders.  It  u  made  psb- 
table  by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wise,  when  the 
last  is  not  contra-indicated. 

TO  make  sago  into  a  proper  mucilage  for  fe 
sick,  a  tablespoonful  of  it  should  be  usctntri 
in  a  pint  of  water  for  two  hours,  and  then  \*M 
for  fifteen  minutes,  stirring  assiduously.  (-•* 
must  be  taken,  that  the  grains  are  perfect  ab- 
solved by  long  boiling  and  constant  stirrnr 

Sago  poeeet  is  made  by  potting  wgo,  Jij.  ''> 
water,  Oij ;  boiling  until  the  mucilage  is  f  >r^. 
then  rubbing  tugar,  Hjss,  on  the  rind  of  »W* 
and  putting  it  with  tincture  of  ginger,  fS\;:U' 
therry,  Oss ;  adding  this  mixture  to  theiur^t 
and  boiling  for  five  minutes.— It  is  a  good  «**■ 
rative. 

Sago,  French,  see  Solanum  tnberonn.ci 
Arrow-root,  common  —  s.  Portland  Island,  * 
Arum  maculatum. 

SAGOU,  Sago. 

SAGU,  Sago. 

SAGUE,  Sago  —  e.  Petit,  see  Solssmntu* 
rosum. 

SAG  US,  Sago  —  s.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 

SAHARA,  Insomnia. 

SAIGN&E,  Blood-letting-*  ^ofcftiv'F* 
liativa  phlebotomia. 

SAIGNEMENT  DU  NEZ,  Epistax* 

SAILORS,  DISEASES,  Ac,  OF.  Brio** 
nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to  *z] 
diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  ho«*ff> 
warded  off  by  proper  attention  to  cleanUwae* 
ventilation. 

SAIN  BO  IS,  Daphne  gnidium-«.  &* 
Adeps  prssparatus.  ,r 

SAINT  AMAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  fF 
Sulphuretted  waters,  in/ the  department  i-f  *• 
Nord,  France  They  contain  carbonic  sic  »•• 
phohydrio  acids.  The  Bone  or  deposit  eerie' 
sulphohydric  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and  bus* 
sia.     Temperature,  64°  to  82°  Fahr. 

SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF.  la 
sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat  i?'j 
the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian  **'■)• 
more  northern  parts  of  the  United  Stat**-  T* 
climate  is  certainly  comparatively  mild  »d*i» 
ble ;  but  it  is  liable  to  frequent  north-east  st •* 
There  are  only  a  few  days,  however,  in  »■»** 
in  which  the  invalid  cannot  take  exerei*  "-  * 
open  air.  Tampa  Bay,  and  Pensaeola,  in  F  '  * 
and  Mobile,  in  Alabama,  which  are  *■  '•=" 
visited  by  the  consumptive,  are  less  liato  us" 
storms  in  question. 

SAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  a* 
(Radix). 

SAINT  CROIX,  Santa  Crus. 

SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Seneeio  J*** 

SAINT  JOHN'S  DANCE,  see  Manitto* 
—  St  John's  Wort  Hypericum  perforaMn- 

SAINT  KITTS,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE  OF.  W 
place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  ta*  ^ 
ward  of  Hastings,  in  Sussex,  England,  ii  !«*»-* 
tered  than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  leas  fr"*"; 
retreat^  during  the  winter  months,  for  d*Fu' 
sical  valetudinarian.  _.  ,-r 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATEB>  •• 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  V?** 
Riom,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-W"*- l 
contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subcarbonafe  « • 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and  &*' 
of  lime.  *.tti? 

SAINT  NBCTAIRB,  MINERAL  WiJ£ 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy^fT 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  *><**** 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temped 
7-5°  to  103°  Fahr.  9fkft£ 

SAINT   PABDAUX,  MINERAL  WAH* 


SAINT  6AUVEUR 


765 


SALIVA 


OF.  Chalybeate  iprings  in  the  department  of 
Allier,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
Hautes- Pyrenees,  France.  Temperature,  76°  to 
93°  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENT'S,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea,  see  Ma- 
nia, dancing  —  s.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice, 
Balbuties. 

SAIRE,  Essera. 

SAL,  Salt — s.  Absinthii,  Potasses  subcarbonas, 
■ee  Potash  —  8.  Acetosellas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
b.  Acetosas  ammoniacalis,  Liquor  ammonia  ace- 
tatifl  — s.  Aoidum  bensoes,  Benjamin  —  s.  Albus, 
Soda,  muriate  of —  s.  Alembroth,  Alembroth  salt 
— a.  Alkali,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Alkalinua 
fixus  fossilis,  Soda  —  8.  Amarum,  Magnesias  eul- 
phas  —  s.  Ammoniac,  volatile,  Ammonias  carbo- 
nas  —  s.  AmmoDiacum,  Ammonias  murias  —  8. 
Ammoniaoum  martiale,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — 
8.  Ammoniacum  secretum  Glauberi,  Ammonias 
sulphas  —  8.  Ammoniacum  tartareum,  Ammonias 
tartras — s.  Ammoniacum  vegetabile,  Liquor  am- 
monias aoetatia — 8.  Ammoniaous  nitrosus,  Am- 
monias nitres  —  8.  Ammonias,  Ammonias  murias 

—  8.  Anglicanum,  Magnesias  sulphas  —  8.  Anti- 
epil opticus  of  Weissman,  Cuprum  ammoniatum 

—  s.  Antimonii,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  s. 
Ammoniaoum,  Ammonias  murias — a.  Artia,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  Asphaltitis,  Bit  noben — s.  Cathar- 
ticus  amarus,  Magnesias  sulphas — s.  Catharticus 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of— 8.  Communis,  Soda, 
muriate  of —  s.  Cornu  cervi,  volatile,  Ammonias 
carbonas — s.  Culinaris,  Soda,  muriate  of — a.  Di- 
gestivus  Sylvii,  Potossas  murias  —  s.  Diureticus, 
Potasses  acetas — e,  de  Duobus,  Potasses  sulphas 

—  8.  Ebadamense,  Magnesias  sulphas  —  8.  Enix- 
om.  Potasses  supersulphas — a.  Epsomensis,  Mag- 
nesias sulphas — 8.  Essentiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin 
— 8.  Febrifugus  of  Lemery,  Potaesao  supersulphas 
— s.  Febrifugus  Sylvii,  Potasses  murias — b.  Fon- 
tium,  Soda,  muriate  of— 8.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate 
of — 8.  Fuliginia,  Ammonias  carbonas — s.  Qemmas, 
Soda,  muriate  of— a.  Herbarum,  Potasses  subcar- 
bonas  —  s.  Indus,  Saccbarum  album  —  8.  Lixivi- 
oaum,  see  Lixivium — s.  Luoidum,  Soda,  muriate 
of  —  8.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of — 8.  Martis, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  s.  Martis  muriaticum  aublima- 
tum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — b.  Mirabile  perlatum, 
Soda,  phosphate  of— 8.  Mirabilis  Glauberi,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — s.  Muriaticum  barotioum,  Baryta, 
muriate  of — 8.  Nitrum,  Potaaaas  nitraa  —  s.  Os- 
sium,  Ammonias  carbonas — a.  Panchrestum,  Po- 
tasses tartras— 8.  Petras,  Potasses  nitraa— s.  Tar- 
tarum,  Potasses  aubcarbonaa — a.  Plumbi,  Plumbi 
8uperacetas — s.  Polychrestus,  Potaaaas  sulphas — 
a.  Polychrestus  Glaseri,  Potasses  sulphas  cum 
sulphure — 8.  Polyohrestum  SeignetU,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of—  8.  Prunellas,  Potaaaas  nitraa  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus — e.  Rupelleusis,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — 8.  Sapientire,  Alembroth  salt,  Potassas 
sulphas  —  s.  Batumi,  Plumbi  auperacetas  —  a. 
Scientiae,  Alembroth  salt— a.  Secretus  Glauberi, 
Ammonias  sulphas — b.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Bo- 
racic  acid  —  s.  Sedlicensia,  Magnesias  sulphas  — 
s.  Seignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Sennerti,  Po- 
tassas acetas — s.  Seydachutzense,  Magnesias  sul- 
phas —  s.  Sodas,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of—  s.  So- 
domenua,  Bit  noben  —  s.  Succini,  Succinic  acid 
— 8.  Tartari,  Potassas  subcarbonas,  see  Potash — 
f .  Tartari  essentiale,  Tartaric  acid  —  a.  Tartari 
sulphuratum,  Potassas  sulphas  —  8.  Urines,  Mi- 
crocosmicum  Sal — a.  TJrinoaum,  Urea — 8.  Vege- 
tabilis,  Potass®  tartras — 8.  Vitas,  Alembroth  salt 

—  s.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  narcoti- 
cum,  Boracic  aoid  —  s.  Volatile,  Ammonias  car- 


bonas, Spiritus  ammonias  aromaticus  —  a.  Vola- 
tile Benzoes,  Benjamin  —  s.  Volatile  boraois,  Bo- 
racic acid  —  s.  Volatile  oleoaum  Sylvii,  Spiritus 
ammonias  aromaticua  —  a.  Volatile  succini,  Suc- 
cinic acid  —  8.  Volatilis  salis  ammoniaci,  Am- 
moniac carbonas  —  s.  Vomitorium  vitrioli,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SALAAM  CONVULSION,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

8ALAB,  Salep. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis— s.  Vulvas,  Nym- 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALAP,  Salep. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  A  small  place 
—  the  Montpelier  of  Huxham  —  which  is  one  of 
the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England, 
and,  therefore,  in  this  respect  adapted  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter  retreat 

SALEP,  Saloop'  (so  pronounced.)  Salab,  Sa- 
lop. The  prepared  bulb  of  the  Orchis  mas'cnla 
and  other  species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Caen-, 
mere  is  from  a  species  of  Euloph'ia.  Salep  is-  in 
small,  irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition 
in  relation  to  water,  it  is  closely  analogous  to 
tragacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
with  sago,  tapioea,  Ac  The  mucilage  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  the  powdered  salep  in  hot  water, 
with  assiduous  stirring,  and  adding  to  the  solu- 
tion Bugar  and  milk. 

SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  was 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  802 ;  and  was  the 
first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine  was 
taught.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially  in 
the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene,  "De 
Coneervandd  Valetudine,"  which  bears  its  name, 
has  passed  through  several  editions  in  various 
languages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in  Leonine 
verses. 

SALICARIA,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

SALICINE,  see  Salix. 

SALICORNIA  ARABICA,  Ac,  see  Soda. 

SALINE',  Sali'nus,  Salina'ciua,  Sulinae"idu*t 
Sali' tun,  SaUuty  Hali'nut,  Halmy'rus,  Halico'dee, 
Salt' turn*,  from  »al.  That  which  contains  a  salt, 
or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Draught  or  Mixture.  This  may  be 
made  as  follows : — Potass,  carbon.  9j,  acid,  citric. 
vel  tartar,  gr.  xv,  vel  aucc.  limon.  recent.  Jss, 
aqum  f^riy,  *yrup.  cujumU  £j.  M.  Given  in  di- 
vided doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effervescing  Draught  or  Mixture 
is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 
the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon-juice,  to 
the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  or 
potassa.  About  25  grains  of  the  acid  saturate  SO 
grains  of  the  carbonate.    See  Powders,  soda. 

SALINOUS,  Saline. 

SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES,  Ammonias 
carbonas. 

SALITIO,  Leap. 

SALITUS,  Saline. 

SALIUM,  Saliva. 

SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtics. 

SALFVA,  Si'alon,  Si'elon,  Sialo'ma,  Ptysma, 
Pty'alon,  Pty'elon,  Sa'lium,  Sputa' men,  Sputa- 
men' turn,  Sputum,  Spittle.  An  inodorous,  insipid, 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid j  secreted  by  tbe 
parotid,  submaxillary  and  sublingual  glands,  and 
poured  into  the  mouth  by  the  ducts  of  Steno, 
Wharton  and  Rivinus ;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix 
with  the  alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the 
process  of  digestion.  It  is  composed,  according 
to  Berzelius,  of  992.2  parts  of  water,  2.9  of  a  par- 
ticular animal  matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  in- 
soluble in  alcohol,  pty'alin,  prineiv'ium  •aliva'19* 


SALITJS 


rte 


SALT 


materia  na^'iw,  of  1.4  of  mucus,  1.7  of  chlorides 
of  potassium  and  sodium,  0.9  of  lactate  of  sod* 
and  animal  matter,  and  0.2  of  soda. 

SALIVA  FLUXUS  CIBO  VISO,  see  Saliva- 
tion. 

SAL IV AIRE,  Salivary. 

6ALIVAL,  Salivary. 

SALIVANS,  Sialagogue, 

SALIVAXT,  Sinlagogue. 

8ALIVARIS,  Salivary  —  s.  Herba,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 

SAL'IVARY,  Saliva'riuB,  Saliva'rh,  Salivo'- 
svs,  Sali'val,  Sali'vous,  from  saliva,  (F.)  Saiivaire. 
Tbat  which  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Balivart  Calculi,  see  Calculi,  salirary. 

Saliva rt  Fis'tui^b,  Sialosyrin'get,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the  ex- 
cretory ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  Fistula)  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  the  duct  of  Steno. 

Salivary  Glaxds,  Secreting  organ*  of  the 
saliva,  Salival  gland*,  are  situate  symmetrically, 
to  the  number  of  four,  on  each  side  of  the  face. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excretory 
ducts  —  Ductus  Saliva'rii,  (F.)  Oanaux  on  Con- 
duits salivaires,  carry  the  saliva  directly  into  the 
mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any  intermediate 
reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 
other  glands.  The  salivary  glands  have  been 
distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid;  2.  The  sub- 
maxillary  ;  3.  The  sublingual;  and  4.  The  intra- 
lingual  or  lingual,  seated  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  tongue,  where  the  mucous  membrane  forms 
*  fringed  fold. 

8ALIVATI0,  Salivation— s.  Mercurialis,  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

SALIVA'TION,  Saliva'tio,  Saliva' tio  caVida, 
Epiph'ora  ptyalis'mus,  Sialism us,  Sputum  Ori$, 
SiaVachus,  Sielismos,  Sialorrhea' a,  Sialoze'mia, 
Ptyalis'mus,  Pty'alism,  Fluxus  sali'va,  (F.) 
Flux  de  Bouche,  Flux  saiivaire.  A  super- 
abundant secretion  of  saliva;  occasioned  either 
locally,  by  the  use  of  irritating  masticatories,  or 
under  the  influence  of  some  cause  which  acts  on 
the  whole  economy,  and  especially  of  mercurial 
preparations.  In  this  last  case  it  is  accompanied 
by  a  coppery  taste  in  the  mouth,  by  swelling  of 
the  gums,  and  sometimes  by  looseness  of  the 
teeth.  Salivation  may  usually  be  diminished  by 
the  use  of  astringents,  laxatives,  Ac. 

Ptyalismus  aeu'tus  sympathetica,  Saliva  flvxtis 
eibo  viso,  Mouth  watering,  the  increased  flow  of 
saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  smell,  or  thought  of 
agreeable  food,  is  a  species  of  ptyalism,  as  well  as 
the  Ptyalismus  acutus  mclli'tus,  Apoeeno'sis  pty- 
alis'mus mcllitus,  or  Sweet  spittle.  In  this  the 
saliva  has  a  sweet  or  mucilaginous  taste. 

Salivation,  Mercu'rial,  Saliva'tio  mercu- 
ria'lie,  Sialoze'mia  mercurialis,  Ptyalis'mus  mer- 
curia  lis,  P.  hydrargyra'tus,  (F.)  Ptyalisme  mer- 
curiel,  Salivation  mercurielle.  Salivation  pro- 
duced by  mercury.  The  stomatitis  that  accom- 
panies it  is  termed  mercurial,  Hydrar'gyro-sto- 
mati'tis,  (F.)  Stomatite  mercurielle. 

SALIVATION  MERCURIELLE,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

SALTVATUM,  Sialagogue. 

SALIVOSUS.  Salivary. 

SALIVOUS,  Salivary. 

SALIX.  The  Willow,  rtea,  (F.)  SauU.  A 
genus  of  plants  in  the  Linnsean  system. 

Salix  Frao"ili9,  &  pen'dnla  seu  decip'ien* 
sou  amygdali'na  seu  persicifo'lia  seu  Rnsseiia'na 
aeu  pippaph'ae'/olia  seu  Trevira'nii,  or  Crack  wil- 
low (Ph.  D.)  Salix  Alba,  S.  earn' lea  seu  vxrtel- 
li'na,  or  White  willow  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph.  U.  S.)  8a- 
ux  Latifo'lia,  or  broad-leaved  willow.  Salix 
Ca'jtrea,  S.  sphacela'ta  sen  tomento'sa,  or  Great 


round-leaved  willow  (Ph.  L.)  Saux  PBuf- 
DMA  seu  HERVAPmtoDin'cA.    Saux  Hi  in 

Low  bush  willow.  Speckled  willow.  Siui  \  r- 
li'ha,  Salix  Erioccph'ala.  The  bark  i  * : 
of  these  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odoor,  as: » -  :• 
ter  astringent  taste,  which  is  Dearly  the  mz»  ' 
all  the  species.  It  is  tonic  and  artnur:'-*' 
has  been  used  in  intermittent*,  and  ia  m~  ' 
dyspepsia,  worms,  Ac.  The  active  pris  -  ±* 
been  separated,  and  called  Sal'icint.  It  ;•  -»j 
the  quinia  in  medicinal  efficacy.  IK**.  ?.  "y 
of  the  powder.  Dose  of  Salicims  fivm  4  -  . 
grains. 

Salix  JSgtftiaca,  Cala£ 

SALLOW,  Lurid. 

SALMIAC,  Ammonia*  murias. 

SALOOP,  Salep. 

SALPETRA,  Soda,  nitrate  of. 

SALPINGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  «)**'  * 
Eustachian  tube/  and  qt^pafit,  'obshvr.  *  ••• 
struction  of  the  Eustachian  tnbej  — *  «=«  ' 
deafness. 

SALPINGITIS,  from  <r«Anyf,  'a  tiWci 
it  is,  'denoting  inflammation.'    Inflanuu  : 
the  Eustachian  tube. 

SALPINGOCYE'SIS,  Paracyfsiit'" 
Graviditas  tuba'ria,  from  eaXxtyi,  '»  w*  '■ 
trumpet,'  and  mams,  *  pregnancy.'  Tu;^  pv 
nancy. — See  Pregnancy. 

SALPINGOMALLEES,  Tensor  frap*- 
s.  Staphylinus  intern  us,  Levator  ptlati. 

SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL^,  from  n*f 
'a  trumpet,'  and  t^fvyC  'the  pharvu.'  •*• 
salva  and  Douglas  have  given  this  wf  "  ' 
bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  £*»** 
tube  to  the  pharynx. 

SALPINGOSTAPHYLINUS,  Or**1 
muscle. 

SALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA,  ftx«  «»"•" 
'a  tube,'  vrtvoi,  'narrow,'  and  x*"\ '*•',' 
Narrowness  or  stricture  of  the  Eosttcha:  "-■' 

SALPINX,  Tuba. 

SALSAFI,  Tragopogron. 

SALSAMENTUM  CRUDUM,  Omotir :** 

SALSAPARILLA  GERMAMCA,  J^ 
rill  a  Germanica. 

SALSEDO  MUCRUM,  Potass*  vteu. 

SALSEPAREILLE,  Smilax  sanapan^'1 
d'Allrmagne,  Sarsaparilla  Germanics. 

SALSILAGO,  Maria. 

SALSOLA  DECUMBENS,  8.  Kali 

Salso'la  Kali,  S.  Beeum'bens,  K*>  "k 
Prickly  Saltwort,  Kali  tpino'su*  w^'*-1. 
Tragus  sive  Tragutn  Matthi'oli.  Tbii  1^:;* 
well  as  the  Salsola  sati'va  and  the  Salr*'  M 
seu  longifo'lia,  Kali  iner'mi*  seu  soda,  Br[ 
produces  the  alkaline  salt,  oommonlj  eti**-' 
rilla,  Soda,  or  Kelp.  .    .. 

Salsola  Loiccipolia,  S.  Kali— fc  hj^1* 
see  8.  Kali,  and  Soda— s.  Soda,  see  8.  k*i 

SALSUGINOSUS,  Halmyrodes. 

SAL8US,  Saline. 

SALT,  Sal,  ffal,  RaU,  '«>5,  fP.)  S&  A* 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  nslB**^,*  ;#r 
stances  of  very  different  nature.  At  p**  ^  ; 
misU  apply  the  term  Salt*  exclusive!/ 1-  •-'  x^ 
bination  of  an  acid  with  one  or  more  bs*^.  ^ 
tral  salts  are  those  in  whieh  the  aeW ;  »-p<|  . 
reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  A**'\  ... 
supersalts,  (F.)  Sur-sels,  are  those  in  w-"-^ 
acid  predominates  over  the  base.  •&£**'*  g 
or  subsaltsy  (F.)  Sous-*eU,  those  in  wh5ct!:I>Ifl 
is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant.  Tie  i- 
denominations  of  the  salU  are  compoonJ*- , 
the  name  of  the  acid ;  the  tenniBatioa^  . \ 
is  changed  into  ire,  when  the  name  d  m*** 


SALTANS 


m 


SANABILIfl 


Id  om»;  —  au,  when  it  is  in  ie.  Thus  the  salts 
formed  by  the  sulphurous  acid  are  sulphites; 
those  by  the  sulphuric,  sulphate*,  2.  This  name 
is  followed  up  by  that  of  the  oxyd,  that  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  salt  Thus,  the  sul- 
phate of  protoxyd  of  iron  is  a  combination  of 
sulphuric  aoid  with  the  protoxyd  of  that  metaL 
Frequently,  to  shorten  the  name,  the  word  oxyd 
is  suppressed;  and  proto,  deuto,  trito,  Ac,  put 
before  the  acid : — as  protosulphate  of  iron.  Sim- 
ple salts  are  those  resulting  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  aoid  with  a  single  base :  double  salts 
with  two  different  bases :  triple  with  three,  Ac. 
A  haloid  salt  is  one  constituted  after  the  type  of 
common  salt,  or  which  contains  a  metal  and  a 
salt-radical,  as.  chlorine,  iodine,  Ac.  An  oxysalt 
is  formed  from  the  combination  of  an  aoid  with 
an  oxide. 

When  salt  is  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it  means 
the  chloride  of  sodium. 

Salt  Aperient,  of  Frederick,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — s.  Baker's,  Ammonia  earbonas — s.  of  Barilla, 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— 8.  Bitter  purging,  Magnesia©  sulphas — 8.  Com- 
mon, Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Epsom,  Magnesias  sul- 
phas— s.  Glauber's,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Glau- 
ber's, Lymington,  see  Soda,  sulphate  of— s.  Ro- 
chelle,  Soda,  tartrate  of— s.  Rook,  Soda,  muriate 
of— s.  Sea,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  Secondary,  Neu- 
tral salt  —  s.  Seignette's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s. 
Smelling,  Ammonias  earbonas— s.  of  Soda,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Sore-throat,  Potasses  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus — s.  of  Tartar,  see 
Potassse  subcarbonas,  and  Potash  —  s.  Tasteless 
purging,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  of  Urine,  Am- 
monite earbonas — s.  White,  Soda,  muriate  of— s. 
of  Woodsoot,  Ammonias  earbonas  —  s.  of  Worm- 
wood, see  Potash. 

SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 

SALTATIO,  Dancing— s.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

SALTERTON.  A  village  about  four  miles  to 
the  eastward  of  Exmouth,  England,  frequented 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.  It  is  in  a  small, 
open  valley  on  the  seashore,  and  is  well  protected 
from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 

SALTISH,  Halmyrodes. 

SALTPETRE,  PotasssB  nitras. 

SALTUS,  Leap,  Vulva — s.  Tendinnm,  Subsul- 
tus  ten  din  um. 

SALTWORT,  PRICKLY,  Salsola  kali. 

SALUBRIOUS,  Salutary. 

SALUBRIOUSNESS,  Salubrity. 

SALUBRIS,  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,  Salu'britas,  Salu'briousnese, 
(F.)  SalubritS,  from  solus,  'health.'  Any  thing 
which  contributes  to  the  health  of  individuals  or 
of  communities.  Situations  differ  materially  from 
each  othor  in  this  respect;  and  the  cause  of  the 
difference  is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquiry. 

SALUS,  Sanitas. 

SALUTAIRE,  Salutary. 

SAL'UTARY,  Peries'ticos,  Saluta'ris,  Sain'- 
bert  Salu'bris,  Hygiei'nus,  Hygiasticus,  Hygie'- 
rus,  Salu'brins,  (F.)  Salutaire.  Same  etymon. 
Healthy.  That  which  is  favourable  to  health. 
Some  diseases  have  been  considered  salutary; 
but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALUTIF'EROUS,  Salu'tifer;  from  sains, 
'health/  and  fero,  'I  bear.'  Bringing  health; 
health- bearing. 

SALVATEL'LA;  same  etymon,  (?)  Vena  sal- 
vatel'la,  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  near 
its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of  the  hand, 
by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of  radicles,  fre- 
quently anastomosing  with  each  other ;  it  then 
ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  the  forearm,  where  it 
takes  the  ii*uiq— posterior  cubitaL    The  ancients 


reoommended  this  vein  to  be  opened  in  certain 
diseases,  as  in  melancholic  and  hypochondriacal 
affections ;  and  they  attributed  to  such  abstraction 
of  blood  considerable  efficacy  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease :  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  lyttso— 
s.  Eye,  Unguentum  oxidi  xinoi  impuri  —  s.  Eye, 
Singleton's,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi 
— s.  Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL'VIA,  S.  officinalis  seu  horten'si*  sen  vul- 
ga'ris  seu  minor,  Elelis'phacos,  (F.)  Sauge,  Petite 
Sauge,  ThS  d' Europe,  The"  de  France.  Family, 
Labiates.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria'Monogynia.  Sage 
has  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and  a  warm,  aro- 
matic, bitterish  taste.  Its  virtues  depend  upon 
an  essential  oil.  It  is  tonic,  stimulant,  and  car- 
minative. In  the  form  of  a  weak  infusion,  it  is 
occasionally  used  as  a  diluent,  and  as  a  wash  for 
sore  mouth.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx  or  more. 

Salvia  Africa'xa,  Wild  Sage,  a  South  Afri- 
can species,  has  the  same  medical  properties  as 
Salvia. 

Salvia  Colorata,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Hormi'kum,  Hormi'num,  S.  eolora'ta, 
Hormi'num  color  a' turn  seu  sativum,  (F.)  Sauge- 
hormia,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  similar 
cases. 

Salvia  Hortensis,  Salvia— s.  Minor,  Salvia— 
8.  Officinalis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Scla'rea,  Sclarea,  Oallit'riehum, 
uEthio'pis,  Biser'mas,  Coins  Jovit,  Common  Clary, 
(F.)  Sauge  sclaree,  Grande  sauge,  Orvale  ou  Toute- 
bonne.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 
corroborants  and  antispasmodics. 

Salvia  VitjE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Salvia. 

SAMBU'CUS,  Sabu'cus,  Sambucus  nigra,  S, 
vulga'ris,  S.  Arbo'rea,  Acts,  Infe'lix  lignum;  the 
Elder,  (F.)  Sureau  commun.  Family,  Capparifo- 
liaoese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia —  (The 
flower  and  bark  were  formerly  called  Cano'pum.) 
The  flowers,  berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  flowers  have  been 
reputed  diaphoretic  and  discutient:  the  berries, 
aperient  and  sudorific :  the  bark,  purgative,  and, 
in  small  doses,  deobstruent*  The  flowers  are 
sometimes  used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a 
cooling  ointment. 

Sambucus  Arborea,  Sambucus — s.  Chamtc- 
acte,  S.  ebulus. 

Sambucus  Eb'ulus,  Ebulus,  Chamaac'ti,  Od'- 
oeos,  Sambucus  Chamceac'te  seu  He'lion,  Sambu- 
cus hu'milis  seu  Herba'cea,  Dwarf -elder,  Dane- 
vcort,  (F.)  Hieble.  The  root,  interior  bark,  leaves, 
flowers,  berries,  {Dacca  seu  Orana  Actes,)  and 
seeds  have  all  been  given  in  moderate  doses  as 
resolvents  and  deobstruents ;  and  in  large  doses 
as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of  Sambucus  Cana- 
densis, the  Common  Elder  of  America,  are  made 
officinal  in  the  American  Pharmacopoeia, 

Sambucus  Helion,  Sambucus  ebulus — 8.  Her- 
baoea,  S.  ebulus — s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus — s.  Nigra, 
Sambucus — s.  Vulgaris,  Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Sa'mian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Samos,  to 
which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those  of 
the  Terra  Lemnii. —  Galen,  Dioscorides. 

SAMIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Samos,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be  as- 
tringent and  refrigerant. 

SAMPHIRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

SAMPSON,  BLACK,  Echinacea  purpurea. 

SAMPS UCHUS,  Thymus  mastichina. 

SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majorana. 

SAMPSYCH'INON,  Sampsu'chinum.  An  oinU 
ment  composed  of  eau-^^op ;  which  was  perhaps 
marjoram. — Dioscorides. 

SANABILIS,  Curable. 


SAN  ABLE 


res 


S  ANITAS 


8ANABLE,  Curable. 
8ANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

SANATIO,  Curation,  Cure. 

SANATIVE,  Curative. 

8AN  GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  San  Ginliano,  a 
league  and  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several  mineral 
springs ;  temperature  from  84°  to  107°  Fahr. 

The  spring,  Pozzetto,  contains  carbonio  acid, 
sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  magnesium ;  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  argil  and  silica. — Santi. 

SAND,  see  Gravel. 

SANDALUM  CJERULEUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa — s.  Rubrum,  Pterooarpus  santalinus. 

SAN'D  ARAC,  Sandara'cha,  GumJu'niper,Gum 
Sandarach,  Pounce,  Oummi  Junip'eri,  Sandara'- 
ca,  Vernix  sicca,  Retina  Junip'eri.  A  name 
given,  by  the  Arabs,  to  an  odorous  resin,  that 
flows  from  the  Thuya  aphyl'la.  Family,  Coni- 
fer®. Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Monadelphia.  It  is 
stimulant,  like  all  the  resins ;  but  is  very  little 
used. 

SANDARACHA  GRJECORUM,  Realgar. 

SAND-BLIND.  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which 
small  particles  seem  to  fly  before  the  eyes.  See 
Metamorphopsia. 

SANDERS,  see  Saunders. 

SANDIVER,  see  Vitrum. 

SANDIX,  Plumbi  ozydum  rubrum. 

SANDYX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

SANG,  Blood — •.  Artiriel,  Arterial  blood  —  •. 
Dragon,  Rumez  sanguineus — c.  Dragon,  see  Ca- 
lamus rotang  — s.  Globules  du,  Globules  of  the 
blood — 9.  Perte  de,  Hsemorrhagia. 

SANGAREE'.  Wine  and  water,  sweetened 
and  spiced. 

SANG  LOT,  Sob. 

SANGSUE,  Hirudo. 

SANGUJDUCTUS  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

SANGUIFICATIO,  Hrcmatosis  — 8.  Debilior, 
Hyphasmatosis. 

SANGUIFLUXUS,  HaBmorrhagia  —  s.  UterU 
nus,  Metrorrhagia. 

SANGUIMOTION,  Circulation. 

SANGUIMOTORY,  Circulatory. 

SANG  U IN,  (Vaisseau,)  Blood-vessel. 

SANGUINALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygonum 
aviculare. 

SANGUINA'RIA,  S.  Canadensis  seu  acaurlis, 
Bloodroot,  Bloodwort,  Puccoon,  Bed  Puccoon,  Bed 
Boot,  Indian  Paint,  Turmeric.  Nat.  Ord.  Papa- 
veraoeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  A 
North  American  plant,  the  rhixoma  and  seeds  of 
which  are  used  in  medicine.  They  are  emetic. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  8  to  20  grains.  They  are 
said  to  reduce  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  like 
digitalis. 
,   Sangutnaria,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

SANGUINE,  Sanguineus,  Sanguino'sus,  Ba- 
tnat'icus,  Bamato'des,  Hamate' rut,  Bamati'nus, 
Bamo'des,  BannoVdes,  Sanguineous;  (F.)  San- 
ouin.  Bloody,  blood-like ;  having  the  colour  of 
blood,  as  '  a  sanguine  oountenance.'  Relating  to, 
or  containing  blood — as  '  sanguine  temperament' 
Plethoric. 

SAN  GUINEA,  Potasses  nitres. 

SANGUINENESS,  Plethora. 

SANGUINEOUS,  Plethoric,  Sanguine. 

SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 

SANGUINIS  ABSORPTIO,  Hajmorrhophesis 
— s.  Congestio,  Cpngestion— s.  Dissolutio,  H»ma- 
teclysis — s.  Fluor,  Haemoptysis— s.  Fluor  Vesicas, 
Cystorrhagia — s.  Ictus,  Apoplexy  —  s.  Misaio, 
Blood-letting — s.  Profluvium  copiosum,  Hssmor- 
rhagia— s.  Profluvium  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia — 
•.  Stagnatio,  Haemostasia. 


SANGUIN'OLENT,  SanguinoMt^trm  m» 
guis,  *  blood.'  Tinged  with  blood.  An  ephbit 
applied,  particularly,  to  the  sputa  when  to  tingei 
Bloody. 

SANGUINOSUS,  Sanguine. 
SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  from  sangwis,  «Uoea7 
and  purgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  ti* 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  s3i 
fevers,  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  bU<J 
of  noxiouj  matters. 

SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm— s.  Coneretas,  C* 
gulum — s.  Draconis,  see  Calamus  rotang—*.  Bra 
siccatus,  see  Blood — s.  Menstruus,  see  Menses- 
s.  in  Urina,  Hematuria. 

SANGUISOR'BA  CANADENSIS,  0«ria 
Burnett.  A  tall  indigenous  plant— /nai/j.  R*- 
saoesB  —  with  white,  sometimes  purple,  flovm, 
which  appear  from  August  to  October.  It  t*» 
the  same  virtues  as 

Sanguisor'ba  Opficiwa'lm,  S.  ear'nta  mi 
rubra,  Ital'ian  Pim'pinel^  PimpineTla  /»"• 
ica  seu  officinalis,  (F.)  PimprenelU  nairt.  Il 
was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent  and  ton*,  a 
hemorrhages,  dysentery,  Ac. 

SANGUISUGA,  Hirudo. 

SANGUISU'GUM.  A  barbarous  term,  to  de- 
note too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  is  tb 
heart —  Bonetus. 

SANICLE,  Sanicula,  S.  Msrfandica-s.  Aw 
rican,  Heuchera  cortusa — •.  de  Marifoud,  &*> 
oula  Marilandica— s.  Yorkshire,  Pingoieol*  vul- 
garis. 

SANICULA,  S.  Europa'a  seu  •JfetW"* 
Astran'tia  diapensia,  Cauca'lis  Sanic'sla,  Cv* 
la'ta,  Dodeca'theon,  Sym'phytun  petrm's**? 
nic'ula  mas,  DiapeWsia,  J),  cortu'ia,  Sn'^ 
(F.)  Toute-saine.  Family,  Umbellifene.  Sa 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  This  herb  was  fa- 
merly  used  as  a  mild  astringent  It  b  binerisk. 
and  somewhat  austere. 

Sanicula,  Saxifraga  granula— s.  Ebon**** 
Pinguicola  vulgaris — s.  Buropssa,  Sanieala 

Samic'ula  Marilan'dica,  San'icU,  Met*!1* 
Sanicle,  Black  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Sanitls  d*  Mid- 
land. This  indigenous  plant  growl  in  msiskj 
or  low  and  shaded  ground.  It  is  posse*** « 
tonic  virtues  j  and  the  powdered  root  is  emp!?* 
in  popular  practice  as  a  favourite  remedy  te  in- 
termittent fever.  It  has  been  recommits 
also,  in  chorea. 

Sanicula  MoirrAsrA,  Pinguicola  vulgara-1, 
Officinarum,  Sanicula.  ,, 

SANIDO'DES,iSbmVA»,  'resembling  a*** 
from  vavis,  gen.  vavtiot,  *  a  board/  and  ui*t>  '•* 
semblance.'  One  whose  thorax  is  narrow,  sk 
as  it  were,  contracted. 

SAME,  Sanies. 

SA'NIES,  Ichor,  Tabum,  Virus,  Fw  w»V 
num,  P.  corrosi'vum,  (F.)  Sanie.  A  thin,  a** 
fluid,  presenting  some  of  the  qualities  of  p«** 
blood,  and  commonly  exhaled  at  the  saite  a 
ulcers. 

SANIODES,  Sanidodea. 

SANIOSUS,  Ichorous. 

SANIOUS,  Ichorous. 

SAN'ITORY,  San'atoty,  Healing.  fT.)*» 
taire.  That  which  relates  to  health,  snd  tf- 
dally  to  public  health;  as  ttablissma*  *»#* 
police  sanitaire. 

SANITA'RIUM,  Sanato'rium;  from  «"* 
'health/  A  retreat  selected  for  valetodinsnj* 
in  consequence  of  its  salubrity.  Also,  an  a**' 
lishment  for  the  treatment  of  the  sick-        . 

SAN'ITAS,  Bygifa,  BygJa,  Bygia»'«*  *? 
gi'asis,  lutecfritas,  Prosper*  itas  Vaista'd***  T 
lus,  Hygiei'a,  Valet*' do,  YmUtfih  »•**? 
bona  sen  eecun'da  seu  com'tnoda,  Byyti%  ** 
odyna'mia,    Btakh,    (F.)    SanU,  fr»  *** 


SANITY 


W9 


SAPO 


'found.'  Health  has  been  defined, — a  state,  in 
which  all  the  functions  are  exerted  with  regula- 
rity and  harmony.  A  person  may,  however,  be 
in  health,  although  certain  functions  are  not  per- 
formed. A  blind  man,  for  example,  has  health 
when  all  his  functions,  except  sight,  prooeed  with 
regularity.  Sanity  is  often  used  for  soundness 
of  mind. 

Sanitas,  Cure. 

SANITY,  Sanitas. 

SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 

SANS  PAIRE,  (  Vtine,)  Atygos  vein. 

SANTA  CRUZ,  (CLIMATE  OP.)  This  West 
India  island  is  frequently  selected  as  a  winter  re- 
treat for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  from  the 
United  States;  but  it  does  not  seem  entitled  to 
any  preference,  in  such  cases,  over  the  other  isl- 
ands of  the  West  Indies,  whilst  its  general  salu- 
brity is  said  to  be  less  than  that  of  many. 

SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum  album  — ». 
Rouge,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTALUM,  see  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

San'talum  Album,  S.  cifrinum  seu  paflidum 
seu  myrtifo'lium,  Sir'ium  myrtifo'lium,  Yelloto 
Saunders,  (F.)  Santal  blanc.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetfran- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  virtues  of  the  wood  of  the 
white  saundors  reside  in  a  volatile  oil  and  resi- 
nous principle.  The  odour  is  fragrant,  and  re- 
sembles a  mixture  of  ambergris  and  roses.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  stimulant  and  sudorific,  but  it 
is  not  now  employed.  The  saunders  woods  are 
called,  collectively,  in  French,  Santaux. 

Santalum  Myrtifolium,  S.  album  —  s.  Ru- 
brum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTE,  Sanitas. 

SANTONICUM,  Artemisia  santonicnm. 

SAN'TONINE,  San'tonin,  Cinin.  A  peculiar 
crystalline  substance  obtained  from  Artemisia 
Santonica.  It  possesses  the  anthelmintic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant.    Dose,  five  or  six  grains. 

SANTORFNI,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incuures 
ou  Seizures  de  Santorinu  Clefts  at  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  fibro-cartilaginous  portion 
of  the  external  ear. 

Santorini,  Tu'bercles  of.  Small  cartilagi- 
nous projections  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, which  support  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis. 
See  Corniculum  Laryngis. 

SANVE,  Sinapis. 

SAP,  Sax.  frepe,  (G.)  Saft,  Arborum  Succue 
seu  Lympha,  (F.)  S&ve.  The  circulating  fluid  of 
the  vegetable,  which  corresponds  to  the  blood  of 
the  animal. 

SAPA,  see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish  scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruptions  of  the  hairy  scalp. 

SAPHENA,  Saphena. 

BAPHE'NA,  Sapha'na,  from  eafw,  'manifest/ 
'.evident'  (F.)  Saphene.  A  name  given  to  two 
subcutaneous  veins  of  the  lower  limb.  These 
are:  1.  The  Great  Saphena  Vein,  Saphena 
interna,  Tibio-malleolar,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Grande  Veine 
Saph&ne  ou  Saphene  interne.  Its  radicles  occupy 
the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form  a  trans- 
verse arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  which  unites 
with  the  saphena  externa,  and  reoeives  at  its 
convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a  number 
of  branches  coming  from  the  toes.  These  radi- 
cles, whon  united,  ascend  before  the  inner  ankle, 
and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which  is  farther 
increased  by  several  branches  that  proceed  from 
the  region  of  the  tarsus,  and  that  of  the  meta- 
tarsus. This  trunk  ascends  vertically  at  the 
inner  part  of  the  leg ;  passes  behind  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  femur j  proceeds  along  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh ;  reoeives  other  subcutaneous 
veins,  such  as  the  abdominal  subcutaneous,  the 
49 


external  pudic,  Ac,  and  passes  through  the  in- 
ferior opening  of  the  crural  canal  to  empty  itself 
into  the  femoral  vein.  2.  The  Lesser  Vena 
Saphesa  or  Saphena  externa;  the  Peroneo- 
mallcolar  Vein  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Petite  Veine 
Saphine  ou  Saph&ne  externe,  commences  by  seve- 
ral roots,  which  are  spread  over  the  dorsum  and 
outer  side  of  the  foot,  and  embrace  the  outer 
ankle.  Behind  this,  they  unite  into  a  singlo 
trunk,  which  ascends  obliquely,  approaching  the 
tendo  Achillis,  and  proceeds  vertically  towards 
the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vein. 
SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NOUS,  Sapheno'tu* ;  from  Saphene. 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  saphena. 

Saphenous  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral  nerve. 
They  are  the  short  saphenous  —  ncrvus  cutaneous 
internut;  and  the  long  saphenous,  —  nervus  cuta- 
neous internus  longus. 

The  external  saphenous,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  communicans  poplitei  and  communicant 
peronei,  passes  down  the  leg  by  the  side  of  the 
external  saphenous  vein  of  the  foot. 

SAPID,  Sa' porous,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savourevx. 
Possessed  of  sapidity.  Having  the  power  of 
affecting  the  organs  of  taste. 

BAPID'ITY,  Sap'idness,  Saporotfity,  Sapor, 
(F.)  Sapiditi,  from  sapere,  'to  taste.'  The 
quality  of  bodies  that  gives  them  taste. 
SAP  IN  COMMUN,  Pinus  picea. 
SAPIN'DUS,  S.  Sapona'ria,  Sapona'ria,  Soap 
Tree,  (F.)  Savonnier  commun.  The  name  of  the 
plant  that  affords  the  Soap  Nut*,  Sapona'ria 
Nu'culae,  Bac'ca  Bermuden'ses,  Soap-berries.  A 
spherical  fruit  about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the 
cortical  part  of  which  is  yellow,  glossy,  and  so 
transparent  as  to  show  the  spherical  black  nut 
that  rattles  within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel. 
The  cortical  part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar 
effects  with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  rape,  Smegma,  (F.)  Savon. 
A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bodies  with 
caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  means  Soap 
made  with  seda  and  olive  oil. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil,  and 
alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  is 
generally  used  internally.  The  yellow  and  soft 
soaps  are  the  most  stimulating ;  and  are,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic ;  ex- 
ternally, it  is  detergent  and  stimulant  Soapy 
water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  cases 
of  poisoning  by  acids.  It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternally to  bruises  and  sprains.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  used  to  favour  the  solution  of  resins. 

Sapo  Ac"idus,  Acid  Soap,  is  a  combination  of 
a  fixed  oil  with  an  acid. 

8  a  po  Ammoniac  a  lib,  Linimentum  ammonia 
fortius — s.  Ammonias  oleaceus,  Linimentum  am- 
monias fortius — s.  Amygdalinus,  Sapo  modicina- 
lis — s.  Cacaotinus,  Sapo  ooconeus — s.  Caloarius, 
Linimentum  aquae  calcis  —  s.  Castiliensis,  see 
Sap  Medicinalis. 

Sapo  Coco'nbub,  Soap  of  Cocoa- Nut  Oil,  S, 
cacao ti'nus,  (F.)  Savon  de  cocoa,  has  been  much 
used  in  Germany  in  herpetio  affections. 

Sapo  Dubus,  S.  Hispanions  —  s.  Hiepanioua, 
see  S.  medicinalis. 
Sapo  Kalicus,  S.  Mollis. 
Sapo  Liq'uidus,  Liquid  Soap,  Lotto  saponar~ 
cea,  is  a  cosmetic  which  is  composed  of  olive  g%t 


SAPONAIRB 


770 


SABCOLOGIA 


gir,  oL  tartari  per  deliquium  gss.  Rnb  together, 
and  add  aqua  rosarum  Jxij. 

Sapo  Mkdicuva'lis,  Medic" inal  Soap,  Sapo 
amygdali'nus,  (F.)  Savon  midicinal,  is  made  with 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caus- 
tic alkali,  or,  like  the  Sapo  Hispani'cus  seu  Cas- 
tilieti'sis,  Spanish  or  Castile  soap,  Sapo  durus, 
(P.)  Savon  dur,  of  olive  oil  and  soda. 

SAro  Mollis,  Common  or  Soft  Soap,  S,  vir'idis, 
S.  ni'gcr,  S.  ka'licus,  (F.)  Savon  mou,  Savon  noir, 
is  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.  The  Sapo 
vulgaris,  or  '  common  soap'  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 
is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Sapo  Niger,  Black  Soap,  Mdanotmeg'ma,  is  a 
composition  of  train  oil  and  an  alkali :  and  Green 
Soap,  Sapo  vir'idis,  of  hempseed,  linseed,  or  rape 
oil,  with  an  alkali.     See  Sapo  mollis. 

Sapo  Vegetabilis,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkali- 
nus —  s.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis  —  s.  Vulgaris,  Bee 
Sapo  mollis. 

SAPONA'CEOUS;  Sapona'ceus ;  from  Sapo, 
'soap.'  Soapy.  Containing  soap,  as  Linimen- 
tum  saponaceurn,  Soap  liniment. 

SAPONATRE,  Saponaria. 

SAPONA'RIA,  from  Sapo,  '  soap/  Soap-wort, 
Rmise-wort,  Stru'thium,  Lana'ria,  Lychnis  syl- 
ves'tris,  Ibix'uma,  Bootia  vulga'ris  Lychnis  offici- 
nalis, (F.)  Saponaire.  Family,  Caryophylleaa. 
Sex.  SysU  Decandria  Digynia.  A  decoction  of 
the  leaves  of  this  plant  has  been  recommended 
in  scrofula,  cancer,  old  syphilis,  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, jaundice,  visceral  obstructions,  Ac.  It  is 
•hardly  ever  used. 

Saponaria,  Snpindus  saponaria. 

SAPOXARLE  NUCUUB,  see  Sapindus  eapo- 
maria. 

SAPO'NEA,  from  Sapo,  'soap.'  A  pectoral 
medicine,  prepared  with  sweetened  syrup  of  vio- 
lets, and  oil  of  sweet  almonds. 

SAPON'ULES,  Saponruli,  (F.)  Savonules. 
•Same  etymon.  Combinations  of  volatile  or  es- 
sential oils  with  different  bases. 

Acid  Saponules  are  combinations  of  such  oils 
with  different  acids. 

SAPOR,  Sapidity,  Savour. 

SAPOROSITY,  Sapidity. 

SAPOROUS,  Sapid. 

SAPO'TA,  Achras  Sapota  seu  austra'lis  seu 
Zapota,  Sapota  alchras,  El  nispero,  Oval-fruited 
Sapota,  ( F.)  Sapotier,  Sapotillicr,  Sapotilla.  Fam. 
Sapoteas.  Se.r.  Syst.  Hexandria  Digynia.  A  tree 
which  grows  in  the  Antilles,  and  particularly  at 
St.  Domingo.  Its  fruit  is  much  esteemed.  It 
resembles  the  marmalade  of  quinces ;  and  hence 
has  been  called  natural  marmalade.  The  seeds 
make  an  emulsion,  which  has  been  given  in 
nephritic  affections.  The  bark  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  febrifuge. 

Sapota  alchras,  Sapota. 

SAPOTIER,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLA,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLIER,  Sapota. 

SAPROPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

8APR0S,  Putrid,  Rancid. 

SAPROS'TOMUS,  from  mpos,  'foul,  of  a  bad 
odour,'  and  vro^a,  'mouth'  One  who  has  an 
offensive  breath. 

6APROTES,  Putrefaction. 

SAR'APUS,  Sarapoiu.  One  who  has  a  large 
foot;  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or  whose 
feet  are  much  asunder  in  walking;  from  vatpu, 
•  I  grin,'  and  wovt,  '  the  foot'    See  Kyllosis. 

BARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten  miles 
north-east  from  Ballston.  They  contain  the 
same  ingredients  as  those  of  the  latter  place; 
aod  are  much  frequented  by  visiters  from  every 


part  of  the  United  States.  The  following  analj- 
sis  has  been  given  of  the  Congress  spring*  In  i 
wine  gallon  —  gaseous  contents:  carbonic  acid, 
311  cubic  inches ;  atmospheric  air,  7.  Solid  a*- 
tents.  Chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  385 ;  iodide  of 
sodium,  gr.  3.5  ;  bicarbonate  of  soda,  gT.  &&!; 
bicarbonate  of  magnesia,  95.788;  carbonate  of 
lime,  98.098;  carbonate  of  iron,  5.075;  alio, 
1.5 ;  bromide  of  potassium,  a  trace.  Total  gr. 
597.943.  — StccL 

The  Walton  or  Iodine  spring  contains  chlot>l« 
of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  iodide  af 
sodium. 

SARCEPIPLOCELE,  Sarcoepiplocele, 

SARCEPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  6arto€> 
plomphacele. 

6ARCEPIPL0MPHALUS,  Sareoepiplompba- 
lus. 

SARCIDIUM,  Caruncle. 

SARCINA,  Foetus.      - 

Sar'cina  Vestric'uli,  Sardna,  'a  pack,  a 
woolpack.'  A  microscopio  cryptogamoas  pl»i 
found  in  the  fluid  of  waterbrash. 

SARCION,  Caruncle. 

SARCITES,  Anasarca  —  a.  Flataosna,  Em- 
physema. 

SARCITIS,  Myositis. 

SARCOCE'LE,  Hernia  carno'sa,  Scirrhu  1* 
ttVnft,  from  cap£,  'flesh,'  and  jijA* 'a  tuncor; 
Sarco'ma  scroti,  (F.)  Hemic  charnue.  Scinba 
or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  disease  afrfi 
adults  particularly;  and  appears  most  eosm"? 
after  an  inflammatory  swelling  of  the  tesutk. 
Sometimes  it  is  dependent  upon  a  blow;  ** 
others,  it  makes  its  appearance  withoit  aaj  •?■ 
preciable  cause.  It  is  well  known  by  a  h& 
heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical  swelling  of  the  a*wk 
which  is,  at  first,  slightly,  or  not  at  all  p&k'j- 
and  merely  causes  an  unpleasant  traction  on  '*« 
spermatio  cord.  There  is  no  heat  or  charge  * 
colour  of  the  skin ;  the  spermatic  cord  is  s*->  * 
and  participates  in  the  affection;  very  j*-^* 
shootings  occur ;  the  lymphatic  glandi  of  w 
abdomen  become  swollen,  and  form  a  rcs»J"- 
which  may,  at  times,  be  felt  through  the  air- 
men ;  and  the  patient,  at  length,  dies  with  *T'7 
sign  of  the  cancerous  diathetic  The  pr«r  r; 
is  very  unfavourable.  The  only  mean?,  is^ 
that  can  save  life  is  the  extirpation  of  the  te-ur  • 

SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.)  CofU-ckair,  fro*  ** 
'flesh,'  and  wXXa,  'glue.'  A  resinous  matter.  >* 
tained  from  Pena'a  Sarcocol'la,  P.  maw"* 
and  other  species  of  Pensaa.  An  Afriean  fb*1 
which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief  thai  J 
facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It  is  »** 
form  of  small,  oblong,  semitransparent  glf  ^j5* 
of  a  yellowish  or  reddiah  blue,  and  smelf*  *| 
aniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as  an  ssciBg*' 
and  detergent. 

BARCODES,  Caroeoua. 

SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,  S«rcepiph«,*<  ** 
catf,  'flesh,'  ikiwXoov,  'the  epiploon.*  and .«•* 
'  a  tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated  wi»  *" 
coma  or  sarcoeele. 

SARCOEPIPLOM'PHALrS,  8***?*]: 
phalns,  Sarcepiplomphdloce'le,  from  *■•$■  '*"" 
ciriirXooir,  'the  epiploon,'  and  •nfmXst.  'tb*^ 
Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scirrhoti  ♦FF'* 
or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 

SARCOHYDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcofffe    . 

SARCOLEM'MA,  Sarcole'ma,  fw«  -^ 
'flesh,'  and  Xtuua,  'a  coat'  The  aheath  «£ 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a  J»* 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  areolar  memtfj* 
that  binds  tho  fibres  into  fasciculi—  Bat**" 
See  Pervmisium. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology. 


SABCOLOGY 


771- 


SATYRIASIS 


SARCOL'OGY,  Sarcolog"ia,  from  oafl,  'flesh/ 
and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  comprises  my- 
ology, angiology,  neurology,  and  splanchnology. 
SARCO'MA,  Emphy'ma  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma- 
tous tumour,  Sarco'sis,  Porrus,  Sarcophy'ia,  Ecsar- 
co'ma,  Exsarco'ma,  Tumor  car'neus,  Excrescen'tia 
carno'sa,  Pol'ypus  carno'sus,  from  *of£,  'flesh/ 
Any  species  of  excrescence  having  a  fleshy  con- 
sistence. 

Sarcoma,  Carcthomatotjs,  Scirrhus  —  s.  Cer- 
cosis,  see  Cercosis  —  s.  Epulis,  Epulis  —  8.  Mas- 
toid, Mammary  sarcoma — s.  Medullare,  see  En- 
cephaloid  —  s.  Medullary  Encephaloid,  Hseraa- 
todes  fungus  —  s.  Pulpy,  Hsematodes  fungus — s. 
Scroti,  Sarcocele. 

Sarcoma,  Common  Vascular  or  Orgahtzed 
of  Abemethy,  Emphy'ma  Sarcoma  VascuWsum, 
is  vascular  throughout:  texture  simple:   when 
bulky,  napped  on  the  surface  with  arborescent 
veins.    Found  over  the  body  and  limbs  generally. 
SARCOMATEUX,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATOSUS,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATOUS,    Sarcomata' bus,    Sarcoma- 
to'des,  (F.)  Sarcomatevx.  Belonging  to,  or  having 
the  characters  of  sarcoma. 
SARCOMPHALUM,  Sarcomphalus. 
SARCOM'PHALUS,  Sarcom'phalum,  from 
rapf,  'flesh/  and  oft<paXog,  'the  navel/    A  scir- 
rhous or  fleshy  tumour,  developed  at  the  navel. 
SARCOMYCES,  Sarcospongus. 
SARCOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous,  Catheretic. 
SARCOPHYIA,  Excrescence,  Sarcoma. 
SAJiCOPTE,  Acarus. 
SARCOPTES  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 
SARCOPYO'DES,    from    <ratf,    'flesh/    irvov, 
'pus/  and  tiios,  'resemblance.1    Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  pus  mixvd  with  flesh.    An  epithet 
given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under  con- 
sumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  capf,  'flesh.'  The  formation 
of  flesh.    Also,  sarooma. 

Sarco'sis  Bdlbi,  ExophthaVmia  fungo'sa  seu 
sarcomat'ica.    A  fleshy  growth  from  the  lobe  of 
the  sye. 
Silicosis  Uteri,  Metrauxe. 
SARCOSPONG'US,   Sarcomy'ccs,  from   «y£, 
'  flesh/  and  anoyyog,  '  fungus.'    A  fleshy  fungus. 
SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarooma. 
SARCOTIC,  Incarnans. 
SARCOUS,  from  aapf,  'flesh.'    Of,  or  belong- 
ing to,  flesh  or  muscle  —  as  '  «ara>«#  tissue.' 

Sarco<7S  Elements,  Prim1 'itive  par* 'tides.  The 
elementary  particles,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  mass  of  muscular  fibre.  —  Bowman. 
SARDIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardonicus. 
SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardo- 
nicus, 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRASIN,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 
SARR&TE,  Trismus  infantum. 
SARRIETTE,  Satureia  hortensia— «.  de  Crete, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 
SARSAPARILLA,  Smilax  S.  — 8.  False,  Ara- 
lia  nudicaulis. 

Sarsaparil'la  Gerwan'ica,  foramen  major, 
G.  rubrum,  Sahaparil'la  Oermanica,  Carex  Are- 
na'ria,  (F.)  Laichc,  L.  des  Sables,  SaUepareille 
cTAlleimagne.  Family ,  Cyperoideee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Monoecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which  grows  plen- 
tifully on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  some  mucous  affections  of  the 
trachea,  iu  rheumatism,  gout,  Ac. 


Sarsaparilla,  India*,  Hemidesmus  Indieus. 

SARTAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  sartor,  '  a  tailor/  because 
used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rius,  Longis'si- 
mue  Fern' oris,  Fascia'lis,  F.  Longus  seu  suto'rius, 
(F.)  Il'io-cresti-tibial,  llio-prtti'bial  (Ch.),  Coutu- 
rier. A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  small,  and  flattened,  and 
extends,  obliquely,  from  the  anterior  and  superioi 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part 
of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  can,  also,  bend  the  pel- 
vis on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

SARX,  Flesh,  Pulp. 

SARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras  —  8.  Medulla, 
see  Laurus  sassafras — s.  Radicia  cortex,  see  Lau- 
rus sassafras  —  s.  Swamp,  Magnolia  glauca. 

SATELLITE,  Safeties.  That  which  guards. 
That  which  is  placed  near. 

Satellite  Veins  are  those  that  accompany 
arteries. 

SATHE,  Penis. 

SATIES,  Satiety. 

SATIETAS,  Plesmone. 

SATI'ETY,  Sati' etas,  Satu'ritas,  Sa'ties,  Sa- 
tura'tio,  Plethos,  Plesmoni,  from  satiare  (itself 
from  satis,  '  enough'),  '  to  give  enough.'  Disgust 
for  food ;  commonly  produced  by  repletion. 

SATIN,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

SATURANS,  Absorbent  (medicine). 

SATURATIO,  Satietv,  Saturation. 

SATURATION,"  &ifwra'f to,  from  satis, 
'enough.'  The  state  of  a  compound  in  which  its 
elements  are  combined  in  such  proportions  that 
a  fresh  quantity  of  either  cannot  be  added  with- 
out producing  excess. 

SATUREFA  CAPITA 'TA,  Cil'iated  Sa'vory, 
Thymus,, Thymus  sylves'tris  seu  capita' 'tus,  Thy- 
mus Cret'icus,  Cuni'la,  (F.)  Sarriette  de  Crite. 
Possesses  »milar  properties  to  thyme. 

Saturei'a  Horten'sis,  Satureia,  &  sati'va, 
Cunt' la  sativa  Plin'ii,  Thytnbra,  Summer  Sa'- 
vory,  (F. )  Sarriette.  Family,  Labiatse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  An  aromatic 
plant,  cultivated  for  culinary  purposes.  It  haa 
been  used,  as  an  excitant,  in  anorexia,  anaphro- 
disia,  Ac. 

Satureia  Origanoides,  Cunila  mariana — s. 
Sativa,  S.  hortensis. 

SATURITAS,  Satiety. 

SATURNI  DULCEDO,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SAT'URNINE,  Saturtii'nus,  from  saturnust 
'lead.'    Containing  or  caused  by  lead. 

Sat'urnixe  Breath.  The  peculiar  odour  of 
the  breath  in  one  labouring  under  Saturnismus. 

SATURNISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  seu  Cachex'ia 
saturni'na,  from  saturnus,  '  lead.'  Poisoning  by 
lead ;  lead-poisoning ;  saturnine  cachexy. 

SATURNUS,  Plumbum. 

SATYRIASIS,  from  Yarvfot,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyrs  are  said  to  have  been  greatly 
addicted  to  venery.  Saiyrias'mus,  Satyris'mus, 
Priapis'mus,  Salac"itas,  Brachu'na,  Aras'con, 
Satyriasis  fur  ens,  Lagne'sis  Salac"itas,  Lagnesis 
furor  masculi'nus,  Lagne'a,  Lagni'a,  Zagno'si*, 
Lasciv'ia,  Lasciv'itas,  Tenti'go  vere'tri.  An  irre- 
sistible desire,  in  man,  to  have  frequent  con- 
nexion with  females,  accompanied  by  the  power 
of  doing  so  without  exhaustion.  The  causes  are 
commonly  obscure.  Sometimes,  the  abuse  ot 
aphrodisiacs  has  occasioned  it.  The  principal 
symptoms  are: — almost  constant  erection;  irre- 
sistible and  almost  insatiable  desire  for  venery ; 
frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold  lotion? ;  the 
cold  bath ;  a  mild  diet ;  active  exercise,  Ac,  an 
the  only  means  that  can  be  adopted  for  its  re* 
moval. 
Satyriasis  Furens,  Satyriasis. 


SATYRIASMUS 


T72 


SCALE 


SATYRIASMUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYR  ION,  Orchis  musculo. 

SATYRISMUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRIUM,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

SAUCE,  GREEN,  Rumex  scutatus. 

SAUER  KRAUT  (G.),  '  sour  cabbage,'  (F.) 
Chou-cro&te.  A  culinary  preparation,  made  with 
chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient  state 
of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by  the 
Germans  to  be  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion,  and 
eminently  antiscorbutic 

SAUGE,  Salvia — •.  dee  Boia,  Teuorium  scor- 
diuin  —  #.  Grande,  Salvia  sclarea  —  •.  Hormin, 
Salvia  horminum  —  e.  de  J6ru$alem,  Pulmonaria 
— *.  Petite,  Salvia  —  *.  Sclarfe,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SAULE,  Salix. 

SAUMCTRE,  Muri*. 

SAUNDERS,  RED,  Pteroearpus  santalinus— 
s.  Tree,  Pteroearpus  santalinus — 8.  Yellow,  San- 
talum  album. 

SAURA,  Lizard. 

SAURU'RUS  CER'NUUS,  Lizard' 8  Tail  In- 
digenous; Order,  Saururaceie;  flowering  in  June. 
It  has  been  need  in  lumbago. 

SAUSAGE  POISON,  Allantotoxicum. 

SA  UTt  Leap. 

SA  WE-  VIE,  Asplenium  rata  muraria. 

SA  VE  UR,  Savour. 

SAVINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SA  VINIER,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON,  Sapo  —  «.  AmmoniacaJ,  Linimentum 
ammonias  fortius  —  «.  Cacao,  Sapo  coconeus  —  «. 
Oalcaire,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis — #.  Dur,  Sapo 
durus — ».  Mtdicinal,  Sapo  medicinalis — «.  Mou, 
Sapo  mollis  —  9.  Noir,  Sapo  mollis. 

SAVONNIER  COMMUN,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SA  VONULE,  Saponulus. 

SAVONULUS,  Saponulus. 

SAVORY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitate  —  a. 
Summer,  Satureia  hortensis. 

SA'VOUR,  Sapor,  Taste,  (P.)  Saveur.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  Chy mists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of 
this  quality  to  analyze  an  unknown  substance. 

SAVOUREUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idue,  (P.)  Savoureux.  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreeable 
impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

SAW,  Prion,  Serra,  (Da.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)  raja, 
(P.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones  in 
amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  6c.  Saws 
of  different  sizes  and  shapes  are  used  in  surgery. 
The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing  more  than  a 
species  of  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Amputa'tioh,  Serra  amputate' ria.  The 
saw  used  in  amputation. 

Saw,  Hey^s.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr.  Hey, 
of  Leeds,  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It  consists 
of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw  with  a 
convex  or  straight  edge  is  attached,  and  by  which 
a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be  removed. 
With  the  trephine,  the  saw  must  always  be  cir- 
cular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Chamaerops  serra  tula— 3. 
Wort,  Liatris. 

SAXIFRAGA,  Phnpinella  saxifraga  —  a.  An- 
glica,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Saxif'raga  Crassifo'lia.  Family,  Saxifra- 
ges. Sex.  Syrt.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root 
of  this  species  of  saxifrage  has  been  extolled  by 
Pallas,  as  pre-eminently  antiseptic 

StxirjcAQA  Granula'ta,  8.  alba,  Sanic'ula, 


Scdum,  Whit*  eax'ifrage,  (F.)  Saxifrage  granUe. 
Recommended  as  diuretic  and  lithonfciptie;  bat 
not  used. 

Saxifraga  Rubra,  Spirasa  filipendula— a 
Vulgaris,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

SAXIFRAGE,  BURNET,  Pimpinellasaxifrar* 
— «.  Granulie,  Saxifraga  granulala — 8.  Meadow, 
Peucedanum  silaus  —  8.  White,  Saxifraga  gra- 
nulate. 

SAXIPRAGUS,  Lithontriptic 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  prepaid 
with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  ange- 
lica; the  asclepias  vincetoxicum,  Ac  It  wu 
considered  formerly  as  an  antidote. 

SCAB,  from  Sca'biee,  and  ecabere, '  to  di*.'  An 
incrustation,  which  forms  upon  a  sore,  owing  to 
the  concretion  of  the  fluid  discharged  from  iL 
An  eschar. 

SCABBY  or  SCABBED.  Covered  or  ensealed 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora— 8.  Agria,  Lichen -*.Ci- 
pitis,  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata— .'• 
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa  —  s.  Fera,  Ec- 
thyma. 

Sca'bieb  Feri'kA,  Itch  of  animate,  Me*et-  A 
cutaneous  disease,  which  affects  almost  all  do- 
mestic animals,  but  especially  the  horse,  eb«ef. 
dog,  and  cow.  It  is  said  to  have  been  truamiu^i 
to  man ;  but  this  is  questionable. 

Scabies  Ferina,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Papuliform* 
Prurigo — s.  Sicca,  Lichen,  Psoriasis— e.  Yenem 
contagiosa;  Scherlievo. 

SCABIEUSE  ORDINAIRE,  Scabiosa 

SCABIOLA,  Scabies. 

SCABIO'SA,  &  arven'eia,  Tri'chera  an*'**, 
Field  Sca'bioue,  (F.)  Scabieuee  ordinaire,  fa- 
mily, Dipsaceie.  Sex.  Syet.  Tetrandria  UoBcg?- 
nia.  The  plant  is  bitter  and  sub-astringrat,  atl 
was  formerly  used  in  the  cure  of  leprow  a&w 
tions  and  diseased  lungs. 

Scabiosa  Arvensis,  Scabiosa— s.  Cardaifcl* 
Echinops. 

Scabiosa  Succi'sa,  Succiea,  S.praten'ti*,^*' 
roceph'alu*  eucciea,  Mortue  Diab'oli,  fittih  hi 
(F.)  More  du  Diable,  has  similar  properties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphieani--* 
Field,  Scabiosa — s.  Sweet,  Erigeron  heterophil- 
lum. 

SCABISH,  (Enothera  biennis. 

SCABRITIES,  Lichen. 

SCALA,  '  a  ladder.'  A  machine  formerly  *« 
for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

SCALA  OF  THE  COCH'LEA,  Gyri  S6U  DwttM  n* 

ra'lee  sen  Cana'lee  cochlea,  ( F. )  Hawft*  * 
ichelUe  du  Limacon  —  are  the  cavities  injfej 
cochlea,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  ^ 
septum.  The  one — Scala  interna  sea  pottt'rin 
seu  inferior  coch'Ua,  S.  tym'pani — would  t«* 
municate  with  the  cavitas  tympani  by  the  f*«- 
tra  rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  tW 
closes  it  The  other  —  Scala  exter'na  wu  «* ' 
rior  seu  euperior  coch'Ua,  S.  tertib'nli— of**1 
into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  ieal«  f  * 
municate  with  each  other  by  an  opening  *i  *" 
top  of  the  partition. 

Scala  A.ntkrior  Cochlkjs,  see  Sc*U-i 
Clausa,  see  Scala — s.  Externa  cochlea*,  tee  &** 
— s.  Inferior  cochleae,  see  Scala— *.  Interior  <**f- 
le»,  see  Scala  —  s.  Posterior  cochlea,  see&»? 
—  s.  Superior  cochleae,  see  Scala — ?.  Tr^PJ" 
see  Cochlea,  and  Scala— s.  Vestibuli,  *ee  <•** 
lea,  and  Scala.  ..  .^ 

SCALE,  Sax.  rcale,  from  fey  Ian,  'to  dif*. 
separate;'  (G.)  Schale,  '  shell,  peel ;'  senile* 
Ho  shell,  to  peel.'  Squama,  Lepi*,  (F.)  £■**} 
EcaiUe.  An  opake  and  thickened  bab*  * 
cuticle ;  commonly  produced  by  sons  dejrw  * 


SCALANE 


to 


SCAPHOID 


inflammation  of  the  true  skin,  over  which  it  u 
formed. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALANE  ANTfiRIBURy  Scalenus  anticns 
— s.  Postirieur,  Scalenus  posticus. 

SCALE'NUS,  'irregular  or  unequal/  Geo- 
meters employ  this  word  to  designate  a  triangle 
whose  three  sides  are  unequal.  Anatomists  have 
given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  1.  Scalenus 
Anti'cus,  Portion  of  the  Oosto-trachelian  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Scalkne  anttrieur,  is  situate  at  the  internal 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
triangular ;  and  is  inserted,  below,  at  the  upper 
surface  of  the  first  rib ;  and,  above,  at  the  ante- 
rior tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  cervical  vertebras.  This 
muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws  it  to  its  side. 
It  can  also  raise  the  first  rib.  2.  Scalenus  Pos- 
ticus, (F.)  Scalane  postirieur,  Portion  of  the 
Costo-traehelian  (Ch.),  is  situate  behind  the  last 
It  is,  also,  long  and  triangular ;  but  more  bulk y 
than  the  S.  anticus.  It  is  attached,  below,  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  first  two  ribs ;  and  terminates, 
above,  at  the  summit  of  the  transverse  prooesses 
of  the  last  six  vertebrae  of  the  neck.  This  mus- 
cle bends  the  neck  laterally,  and  can  elevate  the 
first  two  ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and 
Sommering,  have  described  five  soaleni  muscles 
on  each  side,  and  have  called  them  Scalenus  prior, 
S.  min'imus,  S.  lateralis,  S.  me'dius,  S.posti'eus. 
Biolan  and  Chaussier  only  describe  one  scalenus 
muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and  Douglas,  and 
the  generality  of  the  English  anatomists,  admit 
three,  S.  anti'cus,  me'dius,  and  posti'cus;  or,  pri- 
mus, sceuu'dus,  and  ter'tius;  Winslow,  Boyer,  and 
many  of  the  French  anatomists,  —  two,  as  above 
described. 

SCALING— same  etymon  as  Soale — in  dentis- 
try, is  an  operation,  which  consists  in  removing 
the  tartar  from  the  teeth. 

SCALL,  Impetigo — s.  Asbestos,  see  Eczema  of 
the  hairy  scalp  —  s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Honey- 
comb, Porrigo  favosa — a.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— 8.  Running,  Impetigo — s.  Running,  Eczema — 
s.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  diffusa, 

SCALLED  HEAD,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

SCALP,  Teut  S  o  h  e  1  p  e ,  '  a  shell.'  The  in- 
teguments covering  the  head.  The  hairy  scalp 
is  called,  also,  Capillifium,  Trieho'ton,  (F.)  Che- 
velure. 

SCALPEL,  Scalpel'lum,  ScalpeVlue,  Culter, 
Inciso'rium,  Smi'leon;  from  scalpo,  'I  rasp,  I 
cut'  A  cutting  instrument,  formed  of  a  blade 
of  well-tempered  steol,  very  sharp,  of  variable 
shape  and  size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its 
use  is  to  divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dis- 
section, Ac. 

SCALPELLUM,  Scalpel— s.  Lenticulare,  Pha- 
copis. 

SCALPELLTJS,  Bistouri,  Scalpel. 

SCALPEUM,  Bistouri. 

SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium  —  s.  Chirurgicum, 
Lancet 

Scalprum  Deitta'riux,  Lima  denta'ria.  A 
tooth-file.    A  file  used  by  the  dentist 

Scalprum  Rasoriuk,  Raspatorium. 

SCALY,  Squamous. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  Squahje,  Lepidorses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Bateman's  system 
of  cutaneous  diseases. 

SCAMMA,  Fossa. 

SCAMMONJSE  &ALEP,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia, 

SCAMMONIXJM,  see  Convolvulus  scammonia 
— s.  Syriacum,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

8CAMM0NY,  Convolvulus  scammonia — 8.  of 
Montpellier,  Cynanohum  Monspeliacum. 


SCAMNON  HIPPOC'RATIS,  Bathron  Hippo- 
erati'on  of  Galen,  (F.)  Bane  d'Hippoerate.  A 
machine  invented  by  Hippocrates  for  reducing 
fractures.  It  was  a  sort  of  bed,  six  feet  long,  on 
whioh  the  patient  was  fixed.  Straps  were  at- 
tached above  and  below  the  fracture  or  luxation, 
and  extension  and  counter-extension  were  effected 
by  a  winch.  It  is  described  in  Galen,  Oribasius, 
Scultetus,  Ac     See  Bathron. 

SCANDIX,  S.  cerefolium. 

Scandix  Bulbocastanuk,  Bunium  bulbocae- 
tanum. 

Scandix  Cerefo'liuic,  Scandix,  Scandyx, 
Peeten  Ven'eris,  Cerefolium,  Daucue  Sepritt'ius, 
Ch&rophyl'lum,  Ch.  Sati'vum  seu  Cerefo'lium, 
Anthris'eus  cerefolium,  Chtrefo'lium,  Chervil, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil.  Family,  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst, 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  culinary  herb,  which  is 
slightly  aromatic  and  grateful.  It  is  said  to  be 
gently  aperient  and  diuretic. 

Scandix  Odora'ta,  Stceet  Cic"ely.  Properties 
the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  Cbssrophyllum 
odoratum. 

SCANDULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar, 
Transversus  pedis. 

SCANDYX,  Scandix  cerefolium. 

SCAPH  A,  Scaphus,  *  a  skiff  or  cock-boat,'  from 
oKanrui,  'I  make  hollow/  The  excavation  or 
cavity  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix  and 
anthelix.  The  meatus  auditorius  externus.  The 
rima  vulvae.  Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for  the 
head,  mentioned  by  Galen,  and  called,  likewise, 
Tholus  Diode' us. 

SCAPHIA,  Nates. 

SCAPHION,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule). 

SCA'PHIUM  OCULA'RE,  Pelvis  Ocula'ris, 
Eye-glass,  (F.)  Bassin  oeulaire,  Condole  oeulairet 
dSilliere.  A  small  porcelain,  glass  or  metallic 
vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eye. 

SCAPHO  -  CARPO  -  SUPER-  PH  ALANGEUS 
POLLICIS,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

SCAPHOID,  ScaphoVdee,  from  irca^?,  'a  Bluff/ 
and  tt&os, '  form.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Scaphoid  Fossa,  Fossa  ScaphoVdesf  (F.)  En- 
forcement ScaphcHde.  A  small  cavity  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  tbe  pterygoid 
process,  in  which  the  peristaphylinus  internus  is 
attached. 

Scaphoid  Bone  op  the  Hand,  Os  Scaphoidee 
Mantis,  Os  navicvla'ri,  Os  cymbifor'ml,  Boat-like 
bone,  (F.)  Scapholde  de  la  main.  The  first  bone 
of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus.  The  upper  sur- 
face is  convex,  and  articulated  with  the  radius. 
The  under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — 
to  be  articulated  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
zoides.  Between  the  upper  and  nnder  cartilagi- 
nous surfaces  there  is  trough  fossa  for  the  inser- 
tion of  the  capsular  ligament  The  anterior  and 
inner  surface  has  an  oval  cavity,  where  it  is  arti- 
culated with  the  os  magnum,  which  gives  name 
to  the  bone.  There  is  a  process  on  tbe  outer  end 
of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment  of  part  of  the  an- 
terior transverse  ligament  of  the  wrist 

Scaphoid  Bone  op  the  Foot,  Os  Scapholdee 
Pedis,  Os  navieula'rl,  Os  cymbifor'mi,  Boat-like 
bone,  (F.)  Scaphoide  du  Pied.  This  bone  is  si 
tuate  at  the  forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  innei 
part  of  the  foot  The  posterior  surface  forms  a 
cavity,  somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving 
the  head  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  promi- 
nence at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  inser- 
tion of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments. 
The  forepart  of  the  bone  is  convex,  and  divided 
into  three  articular  surfaces  for  articulation  with 
the  oasa  cuneiformia.  Between  the  os  navicularo 
and  astragalus,  the  foot  has  its  principal  lateral 
and  rotary  motions ;  although  each  of  the  other 


SCAPHOlDE 


774 


SCARLATINA 


Joints  of  the  tarsus  contributes  a  little.    Part  of 
the  tibialis  posticus  is  inserted  into  it. 

SOAPHOtDE  DE  LA  MAIN,  Os  scaphoidoa 
nanus — s.  du  Pied.  Os  scaphoides  pedis. 

SCAPHOIDO-ASTRAG'ALAN,  Scaphoido- 
astragala'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  sca- 
phoid bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
these  bones  is  so  called ;  and  the  ligament  which 
strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Scapholdo-astragalan 
ligament. 

SCAPHOT DO-CUBOID,   Scapholdo-cuboida'- 
us.    That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and  cu- 
boid bones.    The  articulation  of  those  bones  is 
so  called. 
SCAPIIULA,  Navicularis  fossa. 

SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Rima 
vulvao,  Seapha. 

SCAP'ULA,  Scap'ulum,  Plata,  Omopla'ta,  Ho- 
noplata,  Scop'tula,  Epino'tion,  Latitu'do  hu'meri, 
Omop'late,  Os  latum  hu'meri,  Scutum  thora'cis 
seu  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pterygium,  Chelo'nium, 
Spat'ula;  the  Blade-bone,  the  Shoulder-blade, 
(F.)  Omoplate.  An  irregular,  broad,  flat  bone, 
of  a  triangular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  shoulder.  It  has,  1.  A  posterior  or  dorsal 
surface  or  Dorsum,  Testu'do  scap'ula,  divided 
transversely  into  two  parts,  by  a  triangular  pro- 
cess, called  Spine  of  the  Scapula  ;  which  termi- 
nates by  a  considerable  eminence,  called  Acro- 
mion. Above  the  spine,  is  the  Fossa  supra-spi- 
nata  ;  below  it,  the  F.  infra-spinata.  2.  An  an- 
terior or  costal  surface,  or  venter,  forming  the 
Fossa  subscapulars.  3.  A  superior  or  cervical 
edge,  which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  anteriorly,  by 
a  strong,  curved  apophysis,  called  the  coracoid 
process.  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral  edge,  called, 
also,  the  base.  5.  An  outer  or  axillary  or  infe- 
rior edge,  having  a  thiok,  truncated  angle,  in 
which  is  the  glenoid  cavity.  With  this  is  articu- 
lated the  head  of  the  humerus.  The  glenoid 
cavity  is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  narrower  part,  called  the  cervix  or  neck.  The 
edges  or  margins  are,  also,  called  casta.  The 
scapula  has  three  angles — an  inferior ,  superior, 
and  anterior. 

Scapula,  Humerus. 

Scapula  Nasi,  Partes  latera'Us  nasi.  The 
lateral  parts  of  the  nose. 

SCAPULAL'GIA;  from  scapula,  'the  shoul- 
der-blade/ and  a  Ay  of,  'pain.'  Arthralgia  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

SCAP'ULAR,  Scap'ulary,  Scapula' ris,  from 
scapula,  'the  shoulder-blade.'  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  scapula. 

Scapular  Aponeurosis.  A  broad,  thin  apo- 
neurosis, with  decussating  fibres;  which  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula;  below, 
to  a  crest  betwoen  the  teres  major  and  infra-spi- 
natus ;  within,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula ; 
and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with  the  thin 
aponeurosis  that  covers  a  part  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  deltoid. 

Scapular  Arteries.  These  are  several. 
«.  The  Superior  scapular,  Superficial  scapular 
of  Sommering,  Dorsa'lis  scapula  superior,  Trans- 
versa'lis  scapula,  T.  Hu'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian ;  and  often  from  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the  pos- 
terior scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  cervical. 
It  passes  behind  the  clavicle,  above  the  superior 
edge  of  the  scapula,  and  buries  itself  between  the 
dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the  muscles  in- 
serted into  it.  b.  The  inferior  scapular  or  com- 
tuon  scapular  or  internal  scapular  or  subscapular 
artery,  A.  Thorac"ica  axilla'ris  vel  ala'ris,  is  of 
considerable  size.  It  arises  from  the  inferior  part 
of  the  axillary  artery,  behind  the  brachial  plexus 
-  -gires  ofl  severa*  branches  to  the  armpit,  and 


divides  into  two  branches : — the  one,  Scapula' rii 
interna,  and  the  smaller  of  the  two,  is  distribu- 
ted, almost  entirely,  to  the  serratus  major  anti- 
cus,  and  latissimus  dorsi ;  the  other,  the  Larger 
of  the  two,  the  Dorsa'lis  Scap'ula  inferior  vel 
Circumflex1  a  Scapula'ris,  which  distribute  its 
branches  to  the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal, 
and  infra-spinal  regions. 
Scapular  Notch,  see  Notch,  scapular. 
Scapular  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  which  they  accompany. 
SCAPULARE,  Scapulary. 
SCAP'ULARY,  Scapula'ri,  Fascia  Scoph'. 
ris,  from  scapula.  A  broad,  linen  bandage,  divi- 
ded into  two  tails  for  three  quarters  of  its  length, 
the  undivided  extremity  of  which  is  attached  t> 
the  posterior  and  middle  part  of  a  handset  car- 
ried round  the  body;  the  tails  passing  otw tk« 
shoulders;  and  being  attached  to  the  astericr 
part  of  the  body  bandage,  to  prevent  it  fros 
slipping  down. 

SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL.  An  epithet  pws 
to  the  shoulder-joint.  It  is  an  orbicular  articoi*- 
tion,  resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head  of 
the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  th«  co- 
pula. To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion,  tfcm 
are :  1.  A  very  strong,  eonoidal  capsular  liga- 
ment; passing  from  the  circumference  of  the  ga- 
noid cavity  around  the  neok  of  the  humeri!*.  1 
A  fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  called  the  glenoid  liga- 
ment, and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCAPULO-HUM&RAL,  Teres  major-*.*- 
mtro-olicranien,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti— *.  ty* 
tildien,  Omohyoideus  —  s.  Radial.  Biceps  flew: 
cubiti — s.  TrochiMrien,  grand,  Infraspinatus. 

SCAPUS,  Penis,  see  Hair. 

SCAR,  Cicatrix. 

Scar,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  destrii  « 
seam. 

SCARAB^ffiO'LUS  HEMISPHERIC  O 
cus  cacti. 

SCARBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATER?  <* • 
Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English  eta'y- 
beate,  at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One  cf  *b* 
springs  is  a  simple,  carbonated  chalybeate.  ft* 
that  of  Tunbridge :  the  other  has  an  admiH'-* 
of  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having  the  fic- 
tional advantage  of  sea-bathing,  is  much  fre- 
quented by  invalids. 

SCARDAMYG'MUS,  Scardamyx'is,  (Y.)  f  f> 
nement,  from  ffKap&apvccuv,  '  to  wink.'  W inai^ 
nictation. 

SCARIFICA'TION,  ScariJUa'tio  (GsH-1 
Amyxfis,  Schasis,  Catacafmue,  Catada*r* 
Amyg'mus,  Schasmus,  Encharaxfis,  from  •»«**«*" 
pat,  '  to  make  a  slight  scratch.'  The  act  of  ** 
rifying.  Also,  a  small  incision,  Am'ythi,  m** 
into  the  skin  with  a  lancet,  bistoury,  or  a cartf* 
tor,  for  different  therapeutical  purpose*,—1''3 
draw  blood,  or  to  discharge  some  effssed  fc» 
When  the  scarifications  are  very  superficial,  aaa 
do  not  go  farther  than  the  skin,"  they  are  tei**» 
by  the  French,  Movcheturts. 

SCARIFICATOR,  Scariftcato'Hum,  StU*  -  • 
rium.  An  instrument  for  making  scarifie*!*^ 
It  oonsists  of  a  small  brass  box,  of  a  cik» 
shape,  in  which  10  or  12  lancet  points  tara  up* 
a  common  pivot  By  means  of  a  spring,  all  tit* 
blades  can  be  made  to  issue  at  once,  and  n*" 
as  many  scarifications. 

SCARIFICATORIUM,  Scarificator. 

SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endive,  Latin*  J* 
riola. 

SCARIOLE,  Cichorium  endivia. 

SCARLATA,  Soarlatina.  _ 

SCARLATI'NA,  from  searlatto  (U  '»  *J 
red.'  Scarlata,  Enanthe'sis  Ro*a'li*t  **"j 
Ro-a'lia,  R.squamo'sa,  Rosa' lit,  iJ-k'eto* 


SCARLATINOUS 


775 


SCniZATRICHIA 


•ome,  Morbil'li  ig'nei,  M.  confluences,  Morbus 
scarUitino'sus,  Febris  scarlatinosa,  Gut'turis  mor- 
bus epidem'icus  Forest' i,  Pur'pura,  Typhus  scar- 
latVnus,  Febris  rubra.  Scarlet  Fever,  Hash-fever, 
Porphyris'mus,  Porphyria 'ma,  (F.)  Fiivre  rouge, 
F.  pourprie.  The  characteristic)  symptoms  of 
scarlatina  are : — a  scarlet  flash,  appearing  about 
the  second  day  of  fever  on  the  lace,  neek,  and 
fauces  ;  and  progressively  spreading  over  the 
body ;  terminating  about  the  7th  day.  Two  great 
varieties  may  be  reckoned ;  —  the  S.  simplex,  S. 
febris,  S.  being* na,  S.  sine  angi'nd,  in  which  the 
fever  is  moderate  and  terminates  with  the  efflo- 
rescence ;  prostration  of  strength  being  trifling, 
and  the  contagious  property  slight; — and  the  S. 
Angino'sa,  S.  Paristhmit'ica,  S.  Cynanch'ica,  S. 
mW'ior,  in  which  the  fever  is  severe  j  the  throat 
ulcerated ;  the  eruption  later  in  its  appearance, 
and  less  extensive;  often  changing  to  a  livid 
hue ;  the  fever  being  highly  contagious.  Scarla- 
tina malig'na,  S.  gra'vior,  has  been  reckoned  a 
variety  of  this,  in  its  worst  degree.    It  agrees 

*  with  the  Cynanche  maligna  of  Cullen. 

>  Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  Major  exanthemata, 
and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children.  The  eruption 

'  differs  from  that  of  measles,in  being  an  efflorescence 

i  not  raised  above  the  cuticle.     Measles,  too,  is  at- 

f  tended  with  catarrhal  symptoms,  whilst  the  com- 

r  plication,  in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.     The  treat- 

•  ment  of  simple  scarlatina  need  not  be  much.    It 
i            must  be  antiphlogistic.     If  the  throat  be  very 

much  ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and  counter-irri- 
,  tants  must  be  employed ;  and  if  the  affection  be- 

'  come  manifestly  typhoid,  and  the  sore  throat  of 

a  malignant  character,  the  case  must  be  treated 
like  typhus  gravior;  with  antiseptic  gargles  of 
bark,  acid,  <fec.  Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes 
on  scarlatina,  and  requires  attention  Purgatives 
are  here  demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefa- 
cients,  such  as  mercury  and  squill,  Ac 
.  Scarlatina  Angixosa,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Be- 

'  nigna,  see  Scarlatina  —  s.  Cynanchica,  see  Scar- 

,  latin  a — s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gravior,  see 

Scarlatina — s.  Miliaria,  Rubeola — s.  Mitior,  see 
■  Scarlatina — s.  Faristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina  —  s. 

'  Pustuloso>  Rubeola — s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue  — 

1  8.  sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina—  s.  Urticata,  Urti- 

caria. 

>  SCARLATI'NOUS,  Scarlatinal,  Scarlaiino'- 
su».    Relating  or  appertaining  to  scarlatina. 

SCARLET  BERRY,  Solanum  dulcamara. 
i  SCARLET  FEVER,  Scarlatina. 

v  SCATACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCATACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 
SCELAL'GIA,  from  *«*•*,  'the  leg/  and 
m\yoi,  '  pain.'    Pain  of  the  leg. 

Scelalqia  Antioa,  Neuralgia  femoro-pretibi- 
alis  —  s.  Postica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea — s. 
Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SOELETEU'SIS.    Mummification.    Also,  the 
mode  of  making  a  skeleton,  Skcletopoe'af  Syn- 
tax'is. 
''  BCELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology. 

'  SCELETON.  Skeleton. 

SCELETOPCEA,  Sceleteusis. 
SCELETUM,  Skeleton— s.  Artificial,  see  Ske- 
!  leton  —  s.  Naturale,  see  Skeleton. 

6CEL0NCUS,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 
'  SCELORRHET>MA,  Hheumatis'mus  cruris, 

from  ffjccXo?,   'the   leg,'  and  pru/*a,   'defluxion, 
1  rheumatism.'    Rheumatism  of  the  leg. 

SCELOS,  Leg. 

SCELOTYRBE,  Chorea,  Porphyra  nautica— 
8.  Febrilis,  see  Subsultus  tendinum — s.  Festinan*, 
Paralysis  agitans  —  s.  Tarantismus,  Chorea. 
SCEPARNON,  Amnios,  Ascia, 
SCEPASTERIUM,  Couvrechtf. 


SCEPASTRUM,  Couvreehef. 

SCEPTRUM,  Penis. 

SCHASIS,  Scarification. 

SCnASMUS,  Scarification. 

SCIIASTERION,  Fleam,  Lancet,  Scarificator. 

SCHEBA  ARABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SCHERBET',  Sherbet!,  Serbet',  Tscherbct',  Sor- 
be'thum,  Sorbet' turn,  Sorbe'tnm.  A  drink  prepared 
by  the  Turks,  Persians,  Ac,  with  sugar  and  the 
juice  of  acid  fruits. 

SCHERLIEVO,  Mai  di  Scherliero,  Mai  di 
Breno,  Mai  di  Fiume,  Margaretizza,  Morbus  Cro- 
atus,  Frambcr'sia  Jllyr'ica,  M.  fiuminien'sis,  Fal- 
cadina,  Malo  di  Scurlievo,  Scabies  venerea  con- 
tagiosa. A  name  given  to  a  particular  form  of 
syphilis,  observed  in  Ulyria.  It  is  said  to  be 
eapable  of  being  communicated  without  imme- 
diate contact;  and,  that  its  principal  symptoms 
are: — pains  in  the  bones,  ulceration  of  the  fauces, 
pustules,  and  fungous  growths  in  different  part* 
of  the  body. 

SCHERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from  the 
want  of  lachrymal  secretion.  —  Dictionaries. 

SCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplittea. 

SCHIDAKE'DON,  Schidace'dnm,  Schindace'- 
dum,  Schindul'amus,  Schindal'mus,  from  ff*t£w, 
'  I  cleave.'  A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  bone.  — 
Galen. 

6CHINDACEDUM,  Schidakedon. 

SCHIND  ALAM  US,  Schidakedon,6chindylesU. 

SCHINDALESIS,  Schindylesis. 

SCUINDALMUS,  Schidakedon,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDYLESIS,  Schindale'sis,  Schindal'a- 
tnus,  Schindal'mus.  An  articulation  of  bones  — 
by  furrowing,  as  it  were;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer, 
which  constitutes,  in  part,  the  septum  narium. 
Also,  the  act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces ;  from 
ffXtvdvAtw,  'I  split  into  small  pieces.  —  Hippo- 
orates. 

SCHINELJ5',0N,  from  *xtv9*>  *the  m«*ti° 
tree,'  and  cXatov,  'oil;'  Oleum  lentis'cinum.  Oil 
of  mastic.  —  Dioscorides. 

SCIIINOCEPHALUS,  Scillocephalus. 

SCHINOS,  Scilla. 

SCHTNZXACH  or  HAPSBURG,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  situate  three 
leagues  from  Baden,  and  are  amongst  the  most 
celebrated  bathing-places  in  Switzerland.  The 
waters  are  of  the  saline  sulphurous  kind;  and 
have  a  high  reputation  in  cutaneous  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  visceral  obstructions,  and  glan- 
dular enlargements.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  oxide  of 
iron  ;  sulphohydric  acid,  and  carbonic  acid  gases. 

6CHISMA,  Fissure,  Rima. 

SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  *x«rros,  'cleft, 
separated,'  and  KtifiaXn, '  head.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  head  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 

SCHISTOCOR'&US,  from  exivros,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated,' and  k op p os,  'trunk.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  tne  trunk  cleft  or  fissured.  —  UurlL 

SCHISTOMELUS,  from  crx«<rroj,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated, and  /icAo;,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  whose 
limbs  are  fissured. 

SCHISTORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis. 

SCHISTOSO'MUS,  from  cxtaT0*>  'cleft,'  ana 
ew/Aa,  '  body.'  A  malformation  of  the  abdomeu, 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  over 
the  entire  length  of  the  abdomen ;  the  lower  ex 
tremities  being  absent,  or  very  little  developed, 
so  that  the  body  appears  as  if  truncated  infe- 
riorly. — Vogel. 

SCIIIZA,  Rima,  Rima  vulvie. 

SCHIZATRICH'IA,    Trichoschisis,  Schism 


SCnLANGENBAD 


776 


8CINCUS 


frtea'ta,  from  rx<£a,  'a  deft,' ' a  split,'  and  fyif, 
'a  hair.'  The  splitting  of  the  hairs  at  their  ex- 
tremities. —  J.  P.  Frank. 

6CHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Schlangenbad  is  a  much-frequented  water- 
ing-place in  Germany.  The  waters  contain  a 
little  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of  soda.  Tem- 
perature 86°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNEIDERIAN  MEMBRANE,  Pituitary 
membrane. 

SCH<ENANTHUS,  Junous  odoratua. 

SCHOLA,  School. 

SCHOLLERA  OXYCOCCOS,  Yacciniam  oxy- 
eoccos. 

SCHOOL,  Schola.  A  place  of  education.  (F.) 
ficole.  In  Europe  the  large  Medical  Schools  are 
usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In  England, 
however,  there  has  been  no  medical  school  of 
celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities  of  Oxford 
or  Cambridge ;  owing  greatly  to  their  provincial 
situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have  existed  in 
London,  attached  to  the  London  University  — 
University  College  and  King's  College.  Excel- 
lent private  schools  have,  however,  long  existed 
in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope which  have  been  most  celebrated,  are  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin,  Halle,  Tubingen, 
Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua,  Pavia,  and 
Pisa.  In  the  United  States,  the  medical  schools 
are  numerous ;  at  this  time  not  fewer  than  30  or 
40.  Those  most  numerously  attended,  are  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  the  Louisville  Medical  Institute. 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  this  New  Jersey 
Spring  are  chalybeate.  According  to  Dr.  McNe- 
vin,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  silex,  and  carbonate,  and  oxide  of  iron. 

SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura. 

SCHOUSBjEA  COCCINEA,  Cacouoia  cocci- 
sea. 

SCHWALBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Schwalbach  is  a  town  of  Germany,  seated  on  the 
Aa,  32  miles  west  of  Frankfort  The  waters  con- 
tain chloride  of  sodium,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
oxygen,  Ac     Employed  as  a  tonic. 

SCHWANN,  WHITE  SUBSTANCE  OF,  see 
Substance,  white,  of  Schwann. 

SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  about  5  leagues  from  M Union, 
in  Bavaria.  They  oontain  carbonic  acid j  carbo- 
nate and  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  calcium ; 
chloride  of  magnesium ;  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
oxide  of  iron,  and  are  much  used  for  cutaneous 
affections. 

SCIAT'IC,  /•cAtafic,  lachiat'icxu,  Sciaficwe, 
from  ioxiov,  'the  haunch.'  A  word  formed  by 
contraction  from  iechiatio,  which  latter  is  still 
used.    See  Ischiatic. 

Sciatic  Nerve,  Great,  Nervne  iechiad'icus, 
Oreat  fem'oro-poplite'al,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Grand  nerf 
eciatique,  ought  to  be  esteemed  a  continuation  of 
the  sacral  plexus.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis  be- 
tween the  pyramidal  is  and  superior  gemellus; 
descends  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh ; 
and  after  having  given  branches  to  the  gemini, 
quadratus,  obturator  externus,  glutseus  maximus, 
•emi-membranosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and 
third  abductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  in- 
ferior third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches ;  the 
one,  named  the  external  popliteal;  the  other,  the 
internal. 


Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  eh'ud 
branch  of  the  eacral  plexve,  leucr  fem'aro-pfli- 
te'al  nerve,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Nerf  petit  eeiatiqut,  whki 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  2d  and  3d  mnL 
is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the  pleiw,  asi 
escapes  from  the  pelvis  beneath  the  pyramidal 
muscle.  It  gives  branches  —  weret  cuta'nei  tit- 
nxum  inferio'rep —  to  the  gluteus  maximal ;  i 
sciatic  branch  or  infra-pelvic  cutanea**  or  pi- 
neal cutaneous,  Pudenda' lis  lonaue  inferior,  vhkl 
passes  under  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  u4 
furnishes  filaments  to  the  glutseus  maximum  tti 
to  the  muscles  of  the  perineum,  urethra,  paa 
scrotum,  Ac. ;  and  a  poeterior  femoral  nlazwi 
branch  —  middle  posterior  cutaneous  wra-& 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  apo»«- 
rosis,  to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  pes* 
rior  part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  brand  d 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  fc». 
into  two  or  three  filaments,  which  descend  u*kr 
the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  inferior  part 
of  the  leg. 

6ciatic,  Notch,  Great,  Sciatic  Fora'mtn,  A- 
cieu'ra  iachiad'ica  major,  (F.)  Grande  (date™* 
eciatique  ou  grand  trou  eciatique,  is  a  large  n ■•» 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  each  os  ronominafca 
below  the  posterior  and  inferior  iliac  spine,  wl» 
is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  the  sacnun  an 
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.  The  Untr  sciatic  a**. 
lncisu'ra  iechiad'ica  minor,  Luna  AlbCm,  ■£ 
Petite  Schancrure  iechiatique,  is  much  s**fr 
than  the  last,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  ttj 
sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  t«d«  e 
the  obturator  internus,  and  to  the  internal  pa* 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Sciatic  Region,  Ischiadic  region.  .       t 

Sciatic  Spine,  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  fy*" 
Proc"e99  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat,  pyraffi^ 
eminence  on  the  os  innominatum,  above  the  F* 
ceding  foramen ;  which  gives  insertion  to  t» 
lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament. 

SCIATICA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea 

SCI  ATI  QUE,  Neuralgia  femoro-popUtsa. 

SCIE,  Saw.  u 

SCIENTIA  HERMETICA,AlchymT-s.i> 
dendi,  Medicina — 8.  Medica,  Medicina. 

SCIERO'PIA,  from  *«cpof,  'shady/ •*«* 
'the  eye.'  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all*- 
jects  have  a  darker  hue  than  natural  ., 

SOIL  LA,  Scilla  marit'ima,  &yff«,  **" 
Schinos,  Oc'uhie  Typho'nie,  Ornitkajw*  * 
rxt'imum  sen  equil'la,  Stella'rie  scilla,  Sq«* 
Squill  or  eea  onion,  Eve  of  Typlon,  (F.)  l*rf: 
marin.  Family,  Liliacese.  Sex.  Sy*  Htf»g 
Monogynia.  Native  of  Spain,  Austria,  kt  i 
bulb  or  root  of  the  squill  has  a  bitter,  ■•*£ 
taste,  and  is  extremely  acrid ;  inflaming  »*«* 
when  rubbed  on  it.  Its  acrimony,  os  *■» |» 
virtues  depend,  is  destroyed  by  heal,  dryiBfrJ 
keeping.  It  is  extracted  by  vinegar, .^Z 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  is  emeot isstjr 
gative  j  in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  W*??Z 
Its  active  principle  has  been  called  «w«* 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  muted  or* 
with  mercury.  ^,  IJ-ft 

Scilla  Escttlek'ta,  Pkaian'gimn  5*£*L. 
Eaetern  Quamaeh,  Wild  Hy'aciuth;  «**2 
flowering  in  May.    An  article  of  ^fJJS 
the  Western  Indians.    It  is  made  into  ore* 
poultices  for  inflamed  breasjst  M 

SCILLOCEPH'ALUS,  Sckino*F***?Z 
nMa,  'a  bulbous-rooted  plant,  the  law^T 
*4aA«,  'head/    One  who  has  a  large  W**" 

SCINCUS,  wnyns  or  •wj7»*J*  *£* 
Saurue  or  Lacer'ta,  common  in  Bgyp£  •»       * 
extolled  by  the  ancients,  m  alex^M""* 
aphrodisiac. 


SCINTILLA 


777 


SCLBROTICONYXIS 


SCINTIL'LA  VEN'ERIS,  'a  relic  of  Venus.' 
A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the  impotence 
and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs,  produced  by 
syphilis. 

SCIOM'ACHY,  SJnoma'chia,  Skiamachia; 
from  oxca,  « a  shade/  and  /tagij,  'a  fight/  An 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in  a 
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SCIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

6CIRRH0BLEPHAR0NCUS,  see  Scleriasis. 

SCIRRHOCELE,  Orcheocele  scirrhosa. 

SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA,  (F.)  Squirrogastrie ; 
Scirrhus  ventrie'uli ;  from  OKippog,  'hard/  and 
yacnjp,  '  stomach/    Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIR'RHOID,  Scirrhoi'des,  Scirrho'des,  from 
eictppos,  'scirrhus/  and  u&os,  'resemblance.  Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOMA,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOPHTHAL'MIA,  ScirrhophthaVtnus, 
from  aicippof,  '  scirrhus/  and  •fSaXftot,  '  the  eye/ 
Cancer  oe'uli.     Cancer  of  the  eye. 

SciRRHOPHTHALKIA    PALPEBRARUM,   800    Scle- 

riasis. 

SCIRRHOSARCA  NEONATORUM,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCIRRHOSIS,  Scirrhus.     \ 

SCIRRHOUS,  Sdrrho'sus;  same  etymon  as 
scirrhus.     Of  or  belonging  to  scirrhus. 

Scirrhous  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  scirrho'sum.  Hard,  rigid,  vas- 
cular infarction  of  glandular  follicles;  indolent, 
insentient,  glabrous;  sometimes  shrinking  and 
becoming  more  indurated.  Found  in  glandulous 
structures. 

SCIRRHUS,  Squirrhue,  Scirrho'ma,  Scirrho'- 
#t«,  Cancer  sdrrho'sus,  Carcino'ma  simplex,  C. 
Jibro'sum,  Indura'tio  malig'na,  Schirrus,  Sclerus, 
Carcinomatous  sarco'ma,  Hard  cancer,  Fibrous 
cancer;  from  cKippog,  'hard/  'indurated/  (F.) 
Squirre,  Schirre,  Skirre.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
state  of  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  affecting 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  capable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usually  precedes 
carcinoma,  of  which  it  may,  indeed,  be  considered 
as  the  first  stage.  Scirrhus  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  induration  which  succeeds  in- 
flammation, although  the  two  states  are  often 
complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasionally,  in  the 
relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each  other.  Scir- 
rhus is  ordinarily  accompanied  by  violent  shoot- 
ing pains.  It  is  also  irregular  on  its  surface; 
and  when  cut  into  has  a  bluish  or  grayish  white 
colour.  When  the  surgeon  is  satisfied  of  the  ex- 
istence of  scirrhus,  he  had  better  remove  it  at 
once.  No  other  treatment  seems  to  possess  much 
advantage. 

Galen  uses  the  term  Scirrho'sis  for  a  livid  ex- 
crescence caused  by  inflammation. 

Scirrhus  bt  Carcinoma  Vbntrictjli,  see  Gas- 
tro.6tenosis  cardiaea  et  pylorica — s.  Hepatis,  He- 
patoscirrhu8 — s.  Intestinorum,  Enteropathy  oan- 
cerosa — s.  Palpebrarum,  see  Scleriasis  —  s.  Tes- 
ticuli,  Sarcocele  —  s.  Uteri,  Metroscirrhus  —  8. 
Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus. 

SCISSIPARITJS,  see  Generation. 

SCISSORS,  For/ex,  Forpex,  Psalis,  Tomxs, 
(F.)  Ciseaux.  A  well-known  instrument  in  com- 
mon use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery.  Scis- 
sors are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades,  crossing 
each  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis.  They  are 
straight  or  curved.  Sometimes  the  curve  is  on 
the  flat  side,  when  they  are  called,  in  France, 
Ciseaux  d  cuiller ;  at  others,  on  their  edges. 
The  scissors,  bent  so  that  the  blades  make  an 


obtuse  angle  with  the  handles,  are  also  much 
used.  They  are  called  in  France  Ciseaux  coudis. 
Scissors  are  used  for  dividing  soft,  loose,  isola- 
ted parts,  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  reach  and 
to  cut  with  the  bistoury.  They  are  employed, 
likewise,  in  the  operation  for  harelip,  and  for  re- 
moving warts,  fungous  excrescences,  Ac. 

SCISSURA,  Fissure— s.  Vulvae,  see  Rima. 

SCISSURAB,  Rhagades. 

SC1SSURE  BE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid— 
s.  Grand  midiane  du  Cervelet,  Valley — s.  de  Sam- 
torini,  Santorini,  fissure  of. 

SCLAREA,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SCLEREMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCL 12REME,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEREMIA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEREMUS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLERENCEPHA'LIA,  Indura'tio  cerebri, 
from  crrXijpof,  '  hard/  and  cyKt<pa\ov,  '  the  brain/ 
(F.)  Endurcissement  du  cerveau.  Induration  of 
the  brain. 

6CLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLERI'ASIS,  Sclero'ma,  Sclero'sis,  ScU'ria, 
Sclerys'mus,  Seph'irus,  from  eKXnpos, '  hard/  Any 
kind  of  hardness  or  induration.  Sometimes  hard- 
ness of  the  eyelids,  Callo' sitae  palpebra'rum,  Scir- 
rhoblepharon'cus,  Scirrhophthal'mia  palpebra- 
rum, Scirrhus  palpebrarum ;  at  others,  hardness 
of  the  genital  organs  of  the  female;  probably 
synonymous  with  scirrhus.  —  Galen.  Paulua. 
Hardness  of  bones,  Fragil'itas  Os'sium. 

SCLERITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLERODERMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLEROSES,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROMENINX,  Dura  mater. 

SCLERONYXIS,  Scleroticonyxis. 

SCLEROPHTHALMIA,  Hordeolum. 

SCLEROS,  Hard. 

SCLEROSARCO'MA,  from  cAvpos,  'hard/  and 
ffaptcuna,  '  a  fleshy  tumour/  A  hard,  fleshy  tu- 
mour, seated  on  the  gums,  and  resembling  a 
cock's  comb. 

SCLEROSIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROSTENOSIS  CUTANEA,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEROT'IC,  Sclerotica,  from  9K>ijpo*,  'I 
harden.'  ^  Cornea  opa'ca,  Sclero'des,  Tunica  dura 
sen  albugin'ea  seu  du'rior  et  crass1  tor  seu  ex'tima 
sen  alba  seu  can'dida  seu  innomina'ta  oe'uli, 
Sclero'tis,  (F.)  Sclirotique.  A  hard,  resisting, 
opake  membrane,  of  a  pearly  white  colour  and 
fibrous  nature,  which  covers  nearly  the  posterior 
four-fifths  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  sphere  truncated  before.  It  is  strengthened  by 
the  expansion  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye,  to  which 
expansion  many  anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Tu'nica  albugin'ea.  It  forms  the  white  of  the 
eye,  Albu'men,  Album  oe'uli,  Lon'chades,  Log', 
ades,  Loch'adeSy  Leu' cades.  The  sclerotic  is  pe- 
netrated posteriorly  by  a  round  opening,  for  the 
passage  of  the  optic  nerve;  and,  anteriorly,  it 
has  a  much  larger  opening,  into  which  the  trans- 
parent cornea  is  received.  There  are,  besides, 
many  small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage 
of  nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior 
of  the  eye.  In  the  foetus,  the  sclerotic  may  be 
separated  into  two  very  distinct  laminae. 

SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES,  Cornea, 

SCLEROTICITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLEROTICONYX'IS,  Scleronyx'is,  Scleroto 
nyx'isj  from  axXtipos,  'hard/  and  vwfij,  'punctuv 


SCLEROTICUS 


778 


SCROFULA 


big/    Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the  opera- 
tion for  cataract  by  depression. 
SCLEROTICUS,  Indurans. 
SCl$ROTIQUE,  Sclerotic 
8CLEROTIS,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTITIS,  Injlamma'tio  Sclerotica,  Leu- 
ci'tis,  Lonchadi'tis,  Logadi'tis,  Scleri'tis,  Sclera- 
citi'tis,  Rhuttmat'ic  ophtkal'tnia,  Ophthal'mia  ar- 
thrit'ica,  from  sclerotica,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.   Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eye. 
SCLEROTIUM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot 
SCLERUNTICUS,  Indurans. 
SCLERUS,  Induration,  Scirrhus. 
SCLERYNTICUS,  Indurans. 
SCLERYS'MA,  from  wXnp*,  'hard.'   Indura- 
tion ;  also,  induration  of  the  lirer. 
SCLERYSMUS,  Soleriasis. 
SCLIRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from  selopetum,  'a  gun.' 
Relating  to  a  gun.  Hence,  Aqua  sclopeta'ria,  a 
water  for  gunshot  wounds.  Vul'nera  sclopeta'ria, 
gunshot  wounds,  Ac. 

SCLOPETOPLAG.fi,  Wounds,  gunshot. 
SCOBS,  Prisma,  Xyema,  Ramcn'tum,  Rasu'ra. 
A  shaving,  also,  an  alkali ;  and  the  scoria  of  any 
metal. 

SCCENANTHUM,  Juncus  odoratus. 
SCOLECESIS,  Helminthiasis. 
SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthiasis. 
8C0LEX,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 
SCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Rhachio-scolio'ma, 
from  crroXtoj,  'urooked.'  A  distortion  of  the  spine 
to  one  side.     See  Hump. 

SCOLOPENDRA,  Asplenium  scolopendrium, 
SCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium  ceterach,  and 
A.  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPENDRIUM  LINGUA,  Asplenium 
scolopendrium  —  s.  Omcinarum,  Asplenium  sco- 
lopendrium—  8.  Phyllitis,  Asplenium  scolopen- 
drium— s.  Ruta  muraria,  Asplenium  rata  muraria 
— a.  Vulgare,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPOMACKfi'RION,  from  ciwXoiraf,  'the 
woodcook,'  and  ftagatpa,  '  a  knife ;'  so  called  be- 
cause it  is  bent  a  little  at  the  extremity  like  a 
woodcock's  bill.  A  sort  of  blunt-pointed  bistoury. 
—  Scultetus. 

SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 
SCOOP,    Teut.    Schoepe,    Cochlea're,    (F.) 
Curette.    A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape  of 
a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of  cer- 
tain foreign  bodies.    The  scoop  is  often  employed 
to  extract  balls  impacted  in  the  soft  parts ;  to  re- 
move calculi  from  the  urinary  bladder  in  lithoto- 
my, Ac.    A  small  scoop  is  sometimes  used  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  nasal  fossae,  Ac. 
SCOPA  REGIA,  Ru'scus. 
SCOPARIUS,  see  Spartium  scoparium. 
SCOPE,   oKomi,  Scop'ia,  Scopoe,  from  vkokiv, 
'I  look  around.'     A  common  suffix  to  words 
meaning  '  view,  inspection/  as  oramoscopy,  ste- 
thoscopy,  Ac 

SCOPOLINA    ATROPOIDES,    Hyoacyamua 
scopolia. 
8COPTULA,  Scopula. 
SCOPULA,  Brush. 
8C0R,  Excrement 

SCORACRATI'A,  Scoracra'ria,  Scatacra'sia, 
Scatacrati'a,  Oopracrati'a,  Copracra'sia,  Inconti- 
nentia Alvi,  from  eKtap,  'excrement,'  and  atpaaia, 
'want  of  control.'  Want  of  power  to  retain  the 
feces.     Involuntary  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

SCORBVT,  Porphyra  nautica,  Purpura  hee- 
uorrbagica — •.  dee  Alpes,  Pellagra — s.  de  Terre, 
Purpura  hemorrhagica. 


SCORBU'TIC,  Scorbu'ticus.  That  w aich  Be- 
longs to  scurvy.     One  affected  with  scurry. 

SCORBUTUS,  Purpura— «,  Alpinus.  Pellap* 
— s.  Nauticus,  Porphyra  nautica* — s.  Oris,  Canox 
aquaticus. 

SCORDINEMA,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 
SCORDINISMUS,  Carebaria,  Pandicalaaa. 
SCORDIUM,  Teucrium  scordium. 
SCORDON,  Allium. 
SCORITH,  Sulphur. 
SCORODON,  Allium. 

SCORPIODEX'IS,  from  crceprac,  'the  teur- 
pion,'  and  in  fa,  'bite:' — more  properly,  Sretw- 
ostig'ma  ;  from  acopniuv,  and  oriy/tA,  •  puscact.' 
The  sting  of  the  scorpion. 

SCOR'PION,  Scor'pio,  Scorpiu*,  from  e*fw+ 
'I  puncture.'    A  genus  of  insects  having  a  ste* 
at  the  extremity  of  their  tail,  with  which  tic? 
make  dangerous  wounds.    An  Oil  of  Scvt}'* 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now  asci 
SCORPIOSTIGMA,  Scorpiodexis. 
SCORPIUS,  Scorpion. 
SCORTUM,  Scrotum. 

SCORZONE'RA,  S.  hu'milis  sen  lama'ta  «i 
nervo'sa,  Etcorzone'ra,  Fipera'ria,  Serpent**-* 
Hiepan'ica,  OJjic"inal  viper*s  gram*,  Viprrs  $■-**, 
Goal's  grass.  Family,  Cichoraeese.  Sex.  S$* 
Syngenesia  Polygamia.  The  roots  hare  fce« 
used  as  alexipharmics,  and  in  hypochondria 
disorders  and  obstructions  of  the  viscera.  Tb* 
root  of  the  Scononera  Hispan'ica  i*  esculent  tst 
inefficacious  as  a  drug. 

SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'ma,  Scoto'dia,  Sc*u»k 
Scotos;  from  ckqtos,  'darkness,*  Obeeurrr  I 
vision,  darkness,  Suffu'sio  ra'dians*  Abo  N*- 
todinia. 

SCOTCH  FIDDLE,  Psora. 
SCOTODIA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 
SCOTODIN'IA,  Scoto'mu,  Din**  £rote'»».  &•- 
todi'ni,  Tenebricofsa  vertigo,   Scot**,  ScoSas'ws, 
Scoto'sis,  Scot'omy,  from  mores,  *  darkness'  «s4 
iivua,  *  I  turn  round.'    Giddiness,  with  imr*i?M 
sight,  often  succeeded  by  headach.     See  Vert#s> 
SCOTOMA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 
SCOTOMY,  Scotodinia. 
SCOTOS,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 
SCOTOSIS,  Scotodinia. 
SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Xitro-m*ri«tie  *~i 
bath,    A  bath  of  dilute  aqua  regia,  employed  ? 
Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic  £*> 
eases.     Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic  aoi 
and  two  of  nitric  acid,  are  mixed  to  fora  ib* 
aqua  regia.    In  preparing  this  for  use,  a  rat  •*-' 
it  is  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  vsar 
The  acid  bath  consists  of  three  ounces  of  tfes 
dilute  acid  to  every  gallon  of  water. 
SCRATCH,  Psora. 
SCREATUS,  Excitation. 
SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 
SCRIPULUM,  Scruple. 
SCRIPULUS.  Scruple. 
SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP,  Cramp,  writers*. 
SCROBIC'ULUS,  &r©Mc'«/«»,  (P.)  /M* 
A  little  ditch  or  furrow;    diminutive  of  tersh. 
'a  ditch.' 

Schobic'ulus  Cordis,  Anticar'dim,  /V*^** 
dium,  (F.)  Fossette  du  corur,  Auxmt-cemr.  A»*~ 
carur.  The  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  depress*  * 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  beJew  tb 
xiphoid  cartilage. 
Scrobiculxtb  Variola,  Pccckinark. 
SCROFF.fi,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Scropk'ula,  Scropk'nlm ;  ** 
scrofa,  'a  sow;'  because  swine  were  presumed* 
be  subject  to  a  similar  complaint  ScTopAmi*** 
Morbus  scrophtUo'sus,  Yit"ium  eircplmL*—* 
Cacockym'ia  sen  Cackex'ia  seu  Dyscra'si*  **f 
phulo'sa,    Padutroph'ia   glandule'**,    "**       " 


SCROFULAIRE 


tt9 


SEA  AIR 


Chotrus,  Coiras,  Tabes  Glandxda'ris,  Adeno'sis 
scro/ulo'sa,  Scroffa,  Chraas,  King* 9  evil,  The 
Evil,  CrueU  (Scottici),  (F.)  Scrophules,  Scro/ules, 
Strumes,  JScrouelles,  Hutneurs  froides,  Tubercules 
des  glandes  lymphatiques,  Mai  du  Roi.  A  state 
of  the  system  characterized  by  indolent,  glandu- 
lar tumours,  ohiefly  in  the  neck;  suppurating 
slowly  and  imperfectly,  and  healing  with  diffi- 
culty ;  the  disease  ordinarily  occurring  in  those 
of  a  sanguine  temperament,  with  thick  upper  lip, 
Ac.  The  tumours,  after  suppuration,  degenerate 
into  ulcers;  which,  in  process  of  time,  cicatrise, 
leaving  scars.  The  internal  organs  are  apt  to  be 
attacked  in  those  disposed  to  scrofula;  hence 
they  are  often  the  subjects  of  phthisis  and  me- 
senteric affections.  Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and 
is  frequently  excited  by  insufficient  or  improper 
regimen,  and  by  a  close,  confined  air  during  the 
first  years  of  existence.  The  best  treatment  is : — 
to  strengthen  the  system  by  animal  diet;  pure 
air,  and  exeroise,  cold  bathing,  or  sea-water 
bathing,  Ac 

Scrofula.  Abdominals  Interna,  Physconia 
strumosa. 

SCROFULAIRE,  Sorophularia  nodosa—*. 
Aquattquc,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

SCROFULARIA,  Scrophularia. 

SCROFULEUX,  Scrofulous. 

SCROF'ULOUS,  Serophulo'sus,  Scrophula'rius, 
Strumous,  Strumo'sus,  (F.)  Scrofuleux,  Strumeux. 
Suffering  from,  or  relating  to,  scrofula. 

SCROPHULA, Scrofula— «.  Mesenterica, Tabes 
mesenterica — s.  Moluccana,  Frambossia. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— 1.  Gonorrhoea,  Go- 
norrhoea irapura. 

SCROPHULARIA,  S.  Nodosa. 

Scrophula'ria  Aquat'ica,  Beton'ica  aquat'- 
ica,  Fica'ria,  Ferra'ria,  Castran'gula,  Greater 
Water  Figxoort,  Water  Bet'ony,  (F.)  Scrofulaire 
gquatique.  The  leaves  are  celebrated  as  correc- 
tors of  the  bad  flavour  of  senna.  They  were  at 
one  time  regarded  as  eminently  antiscrofulous, 
stomachic,  and  carminative. 

Scrophularia  Fcetida,  Scrophularia  nodosa 
—  s.  Lanceolate,  S.  Nodosa  —  s.  Marilandica,  S. 
Nodosa  —  s.  Minor,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

Scrophula'ria  Nodosa,  Figxoort,  Kennelxoort, 
Holmesicced,  Heal-all,  Scrophula'ria  fat'tida  ecu 
vulga'ris  sen  laneeola'ta,  sen  Martian' dica,  Mil- 
lemor'biu,  Scrophula'ria,  (F.)  Scrofulaire,  Herbe 
aux  icrouelles.  The  root  and  leaves  of  this  plant 
have  been  celebrated,  both  as  an  internal  and  ex- 
ternal remedy,  against  inflammations,  piles,  scro- 
fulous tumours,  ulcers,  Ac. 

Scrophularia  Vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

SCROPHULARIUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROPHULES,  Scrofula—*.  MisentSriques, 
Tabetr  mesenterica. 

SCROPHULOSIS,  Scrofula. 

SCROPHULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROTAL,  Scrota' lis;  bom  scrotum.  Relating 
to  the  scrotum,  — as  Hernia  scrota' lis,  scrotal 
hernia. 

Scrotal  Nkbyb,  see  Genito- crural  Nerve. 

SCROTOCE'Lfi.  A  hybrid  term ;  from  (L.) 
scrotum,  and  **Xif,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  Scrota' lis, 
Scrotal  her'nia.  Inguinal  hernia,  descending 
into  the  scrotum;  Oscheocele. 

SCROTUM,  from  seorteus,  scorteum,  'made  of 
leather.' (?)  Osche,  Os'cheus,  Os'chus,  Os'cheon, 
Och'eus,  Perin,  Seortum,  Marsu'pium,  Bur'sula, 
Bursa  tes'tium  sen  viri'lis,  Cap'ulus,(?)  Orchas, 
Os'cus,  Follic'ulus  genita'lis,  Her'nia,  the  Purse, 
the  Cod,  (F.)  Les  bourns.  The  integuments 
which  cover  the  testes.  These  are  nothing  more 
than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin  of  the  inner 
part  of  the  thighs,  peruwim,  and  penis.  The 
skin  is  remarkable  for  Hi  brown  colour,  for  the 


numerous  rugae,  especially  when  the  scrotum  fi 
contracted;  for  the  great  number  of  sebaceous 
follicles  it  contains;  and  for  the  long  and  few 
hairs  which  issue  from  it  in  the  adult.  The  scro- 
tum is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  raphe, 
which  extends  from  the  anus  to  the  root  of  the 
penis.  Its  organization  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
skin  of  other  parts  of  the  body,  except  that  the 
ohorion  is  thinner. 

Scrotum  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Pendulum, 
Rhachosis. 

SCRUPLE,  DioVolon,  Gramma'rium,  Sent'- 
pulus,  Seru'pulum,  Scrip'tulus,  Scrip' ulum,  Scrip'- 
ulus.  A  weight  of  twenty  grains,  Troy ;  twenty- 
four  grains,  Poids  de  marc. 

SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see  Mixture, 
Bcudamore's. 

SCULL,  Cranium  —  s.  Cap,  Calvaria. 

SCURF,  Sax.  f cup?,  Tent  S  c  h  o  r  f  t ;  Fur*, 
fura.  Small  exfoliations  of  the  cuticle  are  so 
called. 

SCURFY,  Furfuraceous. 

SCURVY  OF  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s.  Grass, 
Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum  —  s.  Land,  Purpura 
hemorrhagica — s.  Petechial,  Purpura  simplex— 
s.  Sea,  Porphyra  nantica  —  8.  Grass,  common, 
Cochlearia  officinalis — s.  Grass,  lemon,  Cochlea- 
ria  officinalis  —  s.  Grass,  wild,  Cochlearia  ooro- 
nopus. 

SCUTELLA,  Cup. 

SCUTELLARIA  GALERICULA'TA,  Cassida 
galaricula'ta,  Tertiana'ria,  Skull-cap,  (F.)  Cos- 
side  bleue.  Family,  Person  etc.  Sex.  Syst.  Didy- 
namia  Angiospermia.  This  plant  has  a  bitter 
taste  and  a  garlic  smell.  It  has  been  esteemed 
especially  serviceable  in  tertian  ague. 

Scutellaria  Lateriflora,  Skull-cap,  Mad- 
xoeed,  Hood  wort,  Blue  Pimp'ernel.  An  indigenous 
plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  in  moist  places.  It  was  at  one  time  es- 
teemed a  preventive  of  hydrophobia,  but  is  pro- 
bably possessed  of  little  virtue  of  any  kind. 

Scutellaria  Iktegrifo'lia,  —  another  indi- 
genous variety, — is  an  intense  bitter. 

SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM  MANtfS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTULJE  DIGITORUM  MANtfS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers, 

SCUTUM,  Thyroid  cartilage  — s.  Cordis,  Sca- 
pula, Sternum  —  s.  Genu,  Patella — s.  Pectoris, 
Thorax. 

Scutum  Stokach'icuv.  A  large  plaster,  ap- 
plied to  the  breast  or  stomach. 

Scutum  Thoracis,  Scapula. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  of  oKv(3a\ov,  'dung.'  Ente- 
rol'ithus  Scyb'alvm,  Excrementa  Alvi  siccio'ra, 
Faces  indura'ta.  Hard  fecal  matters  discharged 
in  round  lumps. 

SCYLLA,  Scilla. 

SCYPHOPHORUfl  PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 
pyxidatus. 

SCYPHUS  ATTDITORIUS,  Infundibulum  of 
the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — s.  Vieussenii,  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

SCYROS,  Callosity. 

SCYTAliIDES  DIGITORUM  MANCS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCYTHICA,  (RADIX,)  Glycyrrhiza. 

SCYTHROPASMUS,  from  ckvBoos,  '  gloomy ;' 
ffKvBpunta^uv,  *  to  look  gloomy  f  Vultus  tct'ricu*  et 
mcestus.  A  gloomy,  depressed  countenance,  of 
bad  augury  in  serious  diseases. 

SCYTITIS,  Cytitis. 

SCYTODEPSIUM,  Tannin. 

SEA  AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  sea  contains  saline  particles  commingled  with 
it,  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for  scrofu- 
lous and  debilitated  individuals.    The  sea  and 


SBA-SICKKE8S 


780 


SEDLITZ 


■to-coast  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in  their 
temperature  than  places  inland. 

SEA  SICKNESS,  Nausea  marina— s.  Water, 
see  Water,  Sea. 

SEAL,  GOLDEN,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  s. 
Solomon's,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

SEAM,  Cicatrix. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (F.)  chereher, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining,  by  the 
introduction  of  a  metallic  instrument*  whether  a 
patient  has  a  stone  in  the  bladder. 

SEASONING,  Acclimation — s.  Fever,  Fever, 
stranger's. 

SEAT,  Anus — s.  Bone,  Ischion. 

SJSBACtf,  Sebaceous. 

SEBA'CEOUS,  Seba'ceus,  (F.)  Sibaet;  from 
sebum,  *  suet/    That  which  hau  the  nature  of  suet 

Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhoea. 

Sebaceous  or  Sebip'aroub  Glands,  Sebaceous 
FoVUcles,  Sebaceous  Crypts,  Follic'uli  seba'eei, 
Orypta  eeba'cea,  Oil  Glands,  Mil'iary  glands,  are 
small  hollow  organs,  of  a  rounded  or  pyriform 
shape,  seated  in  the  substance  of  the  skin,  and 
opening  on  its  surface  by  a  small,  excretory  duct; 
furnishing  a  yellow,  unctuous  humour,  Smegma 
enta'nenm,  Sebum  cuta'neum,  having  some  analogy 
with  suet,  which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature 
exist  around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nymphaB 
of  females.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour ;  and  hence,  after 
the  name  of  one  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Gland' ula  odorjf'era  Tyso'ni,  G.  Tyso'ni, 
Tyson's  glands. 

SEBESTE'NA,  Cordia  myxa  seu  sebeste'na  seu 
Africa'na  seu  domes' tica  seu  obli'qua,  Sebeste'na 
officinalis,  Seles' ten,  Sebsten,  Myxa,  Cornus  ean- 
guin'ea,  Prunu*  sebesti'na,  Smooth-leaved  Cor1- 
dia%  Assyrian  plum,  (F.)  Sebestier  myxa.  The 
dark,  black  fruit  of  the  Sebestina  possesses  gluti- 
nous and  aperient  qualities,  and  is  exhibited,  in 
decoction,  in  various  diseases  of  the  chest. 

SEBESTTER  MYXA,  Sebestena. 

SEBIPAROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 

SEBORRIIAGIA,  Stearrhoea. 

SEBORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 

SEBSTEN,  Sebestina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum— s.  Cutaneum,  see 
Sebaceous  glands. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'U  seu  barba'tum.  The  Bye 
plant.  (F.)  Seigle.  Rye  is  chiefly  used  as  an 
article  of  diet,  particularly  in  the  northern  parts 
of  Europe,  where  a  spirit  is  also  extracted  from 
it  The  grain  is  disposed  to  acescency:  and 
hence  its  internal  use  at  first  generally  produces 
a  laxative  effect 

Secalr  Barbatux,  Secale — s.  Cornutum,  Er- 
got— s.  Luxurians,  Ergot 

SECALIS  MATER,  Ergot 

SECERNENT,  Secreting. 

SECERNING,  Secreting— s.  Substance,  of  the 
kidney,  see  Kidney. 

SECESSIO  FJECUM,  Defecation. 

SECESSUS  NIGER,  Melnna. 

S$CHE,  Sepia. 

6ECLUSORITJM,  Sac 

SECONDARY,  from  seeundus,  'the  second.' 
Something  that  acts  subordinately  to  another; 
as  the  secondary  symptoms  of  a  disease;  that  is, 
those  which  supervene  on  the  primary. 

SECONDINES,  Seeundines. 

SECRETA.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion.  Things 
or  matters  secreted  or  separated  from  the  blood. 

8ECRE'TING,  Secreto'Hus,  Secerning,  Se'- 
ctm'ent,  Exeer'nent.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion. 
That  which  secretes, — as  a  secreting  organ. 


SECRETIO,  Secretion— s.  Leetis,  GaketoaV- 
s.  Lotii,  Uropoesis — s.  Urinse,  Uropowii-t  ft 
caria,  see  Vicarious. 

SECRE'TION,  Secre'tio,  Apwfrisit;  fros* 
cernere,  *  to  separate.'  An  organic  fiuictioii.  *L"  i 
is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  and  em-iasa 
an  elaboration  or  separation  of  the  msterii-  ' 
the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities  of  the  ti  u 
system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular  secret  *t  •-«■ 
tern;  and  which  differs  in  each  organ  a^'^V 
to  its  particular  structure;  hence  U»e  firr.r.s 
of  different  fluids ; — bile,  saliva,  urine,  mile  im 
The  secretions  are  of  three  kinds  :—tzkel-&,; 
licular,  and  glandular. 

SECRETORIUS,  Secreting. 

SECT,  METHODICAL,  Methodic 

SEC'TIO,  Section.  The  act  of  cutting.  !*• 
vision. 

Sectio  Alta,  see  Lithotomy— s.  Am?*** 
Dissection — s.  Cadaveris,  Autopsis  eadiTflv*- 
s.  Cadaveris  legal  is,  Autopsia  cadamif*—  *• 
sarea,  Cesarean  section  —  s.  FranconUu.  »• 
Lithotomy — s.  Hypogastric*,  see  LitaoMj-* 
Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy — s.  Legali*.  OMc  -  - 
s.  Mariana,  see  Lithotomy — s.  Nyirj-.'a 
Nymphotomy — s.  Rectovesicalis,  see  LW  «" 
— s.  Renalis,  Nephrotomy — s.  Tendinwi,  In- 
tomy — s.  Vagino-vesicalu,  Colpocy6tot^.«J-, 
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTION,  Sectio— 8.  6igaulaan,  Sj^rr 
otomy. 

SECUND^,  Seeundines. 

SECUNDIN^l,  Seeundines. 

SEC'UNDINES,  Hys'tera,  JkmW^  ->u 
birth,  Secun'da,  Sccundi'n*,  (F.)  A*:\ 
Secondines,  DUicre.  All  that  remiinJ  :n  "' 
uterus  after  the  birth  of  the  child, — vis-.  «* "- 
centa,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical  eorit-. 
m  em  bran  es  of  the  ovum.  These  are  mc-'" 
not  expelled  till  some  time  after  tbe  bird  •:  '-' 
foetus ;  hence  their  name.     See  Dthrm*  *. 

SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUM  AUBICU1 
Retrnhens  auris. 

SEDANTIA.  Sodatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'va,  Pauon'tn.  &- 
Adee'ta,   Catastal'tica,    Deprimen'tia,  :F 
mants,  Tempfrants,  from  sedo,  'I  frti>  ri" 
suage.'     Medicines  which  directly  dcp~ 
vital  forces,  and  which  are  consequently  «■••  / 
whenever  it  is  necessary  to  diminish  pr*:^" 
rally  increased  action.   *The  chief  rtpn^  *'* 
tives  are :  Acidum  Hydrocyanicum,  A«*>  - 
dro-8ulphuricum,  Tabaeum,  Missio  Sangcff  *.«■'■ 
certain  gases  by  inhalation,  as  aiete,  <*"  * 
acid,  (?)  carburetted  and  sulphuretted  hjt> 

SEDEM  ATTOLLENS,  Levator  sal      .. 

SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement— s.  Craenx-- 
sentery,  Hsematochezia — s.  Lactescentes1-' 
flux — s.  Procidua,  Proctocele. 

SEDHEE,  Bangue. 

SED'IMENT,  Sidimen'tum,  leana*.  Ay 
tia.   Sam e etymon.  (F. ) Dtp&t.  A dip-a 'y 
by  the  precipitation  of  some  one  or  aw*   tj 
substances,  held  in  solution  or  saspens  '■ 
liquid.    That  which  is  formed  in  urkf.  *  ;' 
time  of  cooling,  has  been  called  H$p"'f*' ' 
poste'ma,  Residen'txa,  Subsiden'tia.  \J.'  'l 
Furine.    This  sediment  or  deposit  ran.?   K 
ferent  states  of  the  system.    In  calcn!^  <- 
tiona,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important '-.-  : 
attention.  .    , ,.. 

SEDIMENTUM,  Sediment-s.  tntf  * 
cium,  see  Lateritious  —  s.  UrinsJ  pitF*** 
Furfuraceous. 
6EDITIA.  Nates.  Ar  .. 

SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  WATKKS  OF .*# 
Utu,  SeidechUtt  or  SeydschSi*  ***r-  *r"i&» 
Bohemia,  near  Prague,  which  tr*  iu»r*  *^ 


SEDON 


781 


SEMICEPHALUS 


They  contain  a  large  quantity  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  sulphate 
of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime  aud 
magnesia,  and  a  resinous  matter. (?)  They  are 
employed  as  purgatives  in  a  multitude  of  dis- 
eases. 

Sedlttz  Powders  may  be  formed  of  Soda  tar- 
tarixata  gij,  Soda  carbon,  J)ij,  in  one  paper; 
Acid  tartaric,  gr.  xxxv,  in  another.  For  half  a 
pint  of  water. 

SEDON  BR&LANT,  Sedum  —  #.  Reprise, 
Sodum  telephium. 

SEDUM,  Sedum  acrS  sen  glacia'Ii  sen  minus 
sou  vermicuWre,  Hlec"cbra,  Hellec"ebra,  Mcc*- 
ebrwn  Vermicula' ri,  Vermicula' ris,  Piper  mura'll, 
Sempervi'wtm  acrl,  Wall  pepper,  Stone  crop, 
Biting  Stone  crop,  Small  Houseleek,  Aei'chryson, 
uEo'nion,  (F.)  Joubarbe  Acre,  Orpin  brulant,  Ver- 
miculaire  bruiante,  SSdon  brulant.  Family,  Cras- 
sulacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandrta  Pentagynia.  In 
its  recent  state  it  is  yery  acrid,  and  proves  both 
emetic  and  cathartic.  Externally,  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm,  it  produces  vesications  and  erosions. 
It  has  been  recommended  in  cancerous  and  ma- 
lignant ulcers. 

Sedum,  Saxifraga  granulata — s.  Glaciale,  Se- 
dum— s.  Minus,  Sedum — s.  Majus,  Sempervivum 
tectorum — s.  Minus,  Sedum. 

Sedum  Tele'phitjm,  S.  telephdxdes,  Faba  crassa, 
Cras'sula,  0.  Major,  Tllec"ebra  major,  Tele'phium, 
Faba'ria  cras'sula,  Faba  crassa,  Anacamp'seros, 
A.  al'bicans  sen  triphyWa  sen  vulga'ris,  Orpine, 
(F.)  Sedon  reprice,  Grand  orpin,  Five  ipaisse, 
Joubarbe  dee  vignet,  a\o.  Formerly  used  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlows, 
Ac. 

Sedum  Telephones,  S.  Telephium — s.  Vermi- 
culare,  Sedum. 

SEED,  Sperm. 

SEGMENTA  CARTILAGINEA,  see  Trachea. 

SEGNIT"IA,  SegnW'ies,  from  segnis,  'slug- 
gish.' Sluggishness  or  torpor  in  the  exercise  of 
a  function :  —  as  Segnities  Alvi,  Torpor  of  the 
bowels  :  Segnities  Vrniuv,  Languor. 

SEGNITIES,  Segnitia. 

SEGRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Near 
,   Pithiviers,  in  Gatinais,  in  the  French  department 
of  Loiret,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  has 
some  reputation. 

SEGU,  Sago. 

SEIDLITZ,  Sedlitz. 

SEIDSCHUTZ,  Sediita. 

SEIGLE,  Secale— ».  Ergotie,  Ergot 

SEIN,  Uterus,  see  Mamma. 

SEIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Solcil. 

SEIZURES,  HIDDEN,  soe  Seizures. 

SEKISKAYAVODKA,  see  Spirit. 

SEL,  Salt — «.  Admirable  de  Limery,  Magnesias 
sulphas — e.  Admirable  perlS,  Soda,  phosphate  of 
— 9.  de  Cuisine,  Soda,  muriate  of—*,  de  Dirosne, 
Narcotine — s.  cTjfigra,  Magnesiss  sulphas — s.  Ma- 
rin, Soda,  muriate  of — s.  d' Opium,  Narcotine — ». 
de  Saturne,  Plumbi  superacetas  — «.  de  Verre,  see 
Vitrum  —  s.  Volatil  oVAngleterre,  Ammonise  car- 
bon as. 

SELAGO,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca,  Ly co- 
podium  selago. 

SELENE,  Moon,  see  Nail. 

SELENIASIS,  Somnambulism. 

6ELENIASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

8ELEN0BLETUS,  Lunatic 

BELENOGAMIA,  Somnambulism. 

SELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

6ELFABUSE,  Masturbation. 

SELF-HEAL,  Prunella. 

SELF-LIM'ITED.  An  epithet  applied  to  dis- 
eases which  appear  to  run  a  definite  course,  but 


little  modified  by  treatment,  —  small-pox,  for 
example- 

SELF-POLLUTION,  Masturbation. 

SELI'BRA,  Semili'bra,  Sembella,  half  a  pound. 
Six  ounces,  Troy;  eight,  Avoirdupois. 

SELINI'TES,  etXivirvt.  Wine  impregnated 
with  the  seeds  of  the  ocXivov  or  smallage. —  Dios- 
oorides. 

SELINUM  ANGELICA,  Angelica  Sylvestris 

—  s.  Galbanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  s.  Impera- 
toria, Imperatoria — s.  Opoponax,  Pastinaca  opo- 
ponax — s.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoseli- 
num — s.  Ostruthium,  Imperatoria — s.  Pastinaca, 
Pastinaca  sativa — s.  Peuoedanum,  Peucedanum 

—  8.  Pubescens,  Angelica  sylvestris  —  s.  Sylvos- 
tre,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

SELLA,  S,  Turcica  —  s.  Equina,  S.  Turcica  — 
s.  Familiarica,  Lasanum — s.  Obstetricia,  Diphrus 
— s.  Sphenoidalis,  S.  Turcica. 

Sella  Tur'cica,  Ephip'pium,  Fossa  Pitni- 
ta'ria,  Sella,  S.  equi'na  seu  sphenoida'lis, 
Turkish  Saddle,  (F.)  Selle  Tureique  ou  du 
Turc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  by  the  clinoid  processes;  and 
lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is  so  called  from 
its  resemblanee  to  a  Turkish  saddle. 

Sella  Turcica,  Pituitaria  fossa. 

SELLE  TURCIQUE,  Sella  Turcica  —  .,  du 
Turc,  Sella  Turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRES,  Neutral  salts. 

SELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Cold,  acidulous  springs,  the  source  of  which 
is  at  Seltz,  nine  leagues  from  Strasburg,  and  in 
the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin.  They  contain 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  much  carbonic  acid.  They  are 
refrigerant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient. 

Artificial  Seltzer  Water  may  be  made 
from  muriat.  acid.  gr.  xxxv,  water  Oj,  white  mar- 
ble gr.  iij.  Stop  up  till  dissolved.  Add  carbonate 
of  Magnesia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time,  eubcar- 
bonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij.     Close  it  till  used. 

SEMBELLA,  Selibra. 

6EMECARPUS  ANACARDIUM,  Avicennia 
tomentosa. 

SEMEIOG'RAPHY,  Semeiograph'ia,  Semio- 
graphy,  Semiogra'phia,  from  eyuiov,  'a  symp- 
tom/ and  ypaft),  *  a  description.'  A  description 
of  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEIOL'OGY,  Semeiot'icl,  Semiology,  &- 
miotici,  Phanomenolog"ia,  from  wrjpuov,  '  a  symp- 
tom/ and  >oyos,  *  a  discourse.'  (F.)  Simtiotique. 
The  branch  of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doc- 
trine of  the  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEION  BOETHEMATICUM,  Indication. 

SEMEIOSIS,  Semeiology. 

S£m$IOTIQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm  —  s.  Badian,  Hlicium  anisa- 
turn  —  s.  Cin»,  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Contra, 
Artemisia  santonica — s.  Contra  vermes,  Artemi- 
sia santonica — s.  Masculinum  seu  virile  seu  geni- 
tale,  Sperm — s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of  the  female) 
— s.  Sanctum,  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Zedoarise, 
Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMENCE,  Sperm. 

SEMENTINA,  Artemisia  santonioa. 

SEMI,  from  'r)pi<Tv,  *  half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  'half/  both  in 
French  and  English. 

SEMIAN'IMIS,  Semimor'tuus,  Sem'inex,  &. 
mitri'vue  ;  from  semi,  'half/  and  animus,  'soul/ 
Half-living.    Half-dead. 

SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Buibui 
vestibnli. 

8EMICANALICULUS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICANALS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICEPHALUS,  Hemioephalus. 


SEMICIRCULI 


782 


SEMISPINALS 


8EMTCTRCT7LT  OSSET,  Semicircular 
SEMICIR'CULAR,  Semieircula'ris.    That 
which  represent*  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Semicircular  Canals,  Cana'les  sen  Ductus 
§emicircula'res  sea  tubaform'es  sea  cireula'res, 
Semicir'culi  os'sei,  Funes  sea  Canalic'uli  semi- 
annula'res  labyrin'lhi,  (F.)  Oanaux  demicircu- 
laires,  are  seated  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  open  into  the  vestibule,  behind 
which  they  are  situate.  They  are  three  in  num- 
ber, of  which  one  is  superior  or  vertical,  cana'lis 
semieircula'ris  vertica'lis  supe'rior;  another  poste- 
rior or  oblique,  eana'lis  semieircula'ris  vertica'lis 
poste'rior,  and  the  third  exterior  or  horizontal, 
eanalis  semieircula'ris  horitonta'lis.  Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bony,  compact,  hard  plate. 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known :  at  their 
termination  they  have  the  elliptical  arrangements 
called  ampul' Ub  ;  and  by  both  extremities  they 
open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at  its  superior 
parWthe  Sac* cuius  EUip'ticus,AV reus  sea  Utric'- 
ulus  eommu'nis,  Utricle,  Sinus  or  Alveus  utrinulo'- 
shs,  Sacculus  vestibuli  or  Median  sinus.  In  front 
of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the  cochlea,  and  oppo- 
site the  foramen  ovale,  is  the  Sac' cuius  spher'icus 
or  sacculus. 

6EMICIRCULUS  EXSCULPTUS,  Hiatus 
diaphragmatis  aortiens. 

SEMICON'GIUS.  Haifa  gallon,  or  four  pints. 

BEMICU'BIUM,  Scmicupium,  Inses'sio,  lu- 
ces'sio,  Encathis'ma,  Excathis'ma,  (F.)  Demibain, 
from  semi,  *  half/  and  cubare,  *  to  lie  down/  A 
half-bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips  or 
extremities. 

SEMICUPITJM,  Bath,  half,  Semi-cubium— Se- 
mi-flbulssus,  Peronseus  brevis — Semi-interosseus 
Indicia,  Abductor  indicia  —  Semi-interosseus  pol- 
licis,  Opponens  pollicis. 

8EM [LIBRA,  Selibra. 

SEMILLA  DEL  GUACHARO.  Various  kinds 
of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
the  young  Guaoharoes,  a  sort  of  nocturnal  bird. 
The  fruits  are  a  oelebrated  South  American 
remedy  in  ague. 

SEMILU'NAR,  Semiluna'risf  (F.)  Demi-lu- 
naire ou  Semi-lunaire,  from  testf,  'half/  and  luna, 
*  the  moon/    Having  the  shape  of  a  half-moon. 

Semilunar  Cart'ilages,  Semilunar  fibro-car- 
tilagts,  Sigmoid  car'tilages,  Cartilag"ines  sig- 
mo%d*a  seu  semiluna' res,  are  two  fibro-cartilages, 
which  exist  between  the  condyles  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  and  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The 
innermost,  which  is  longer  from  before  to  behind 
than  transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The 
outermost  forms  almost  an  entire  circle ;  an  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
than  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind,  into 
the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous  fasciae. 

Skmilun ar  Ganglion, — Ganglion  abdomina'li 
sea  splanch'nicum  sea  transver'sum  seu  sola'ri, 
G.  surrfnal,  (Ch.),  belongs  to  the  great  sympa- 
thetic. These  ganglia  present  considerable  va- 
riety, and  are  deeply  situate  in  the  abdomen, 
above  and  behind  the  supra-renal  capsules.  They 
correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the  pillars  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  the  aorta.  They  have  the  shape  of 
a  orescent  reversed,  often  surrounded  by  other 
ganglia  of  a  smaller  sise.  From  their  periphery 
the  numerous  filaments  proceed,  which  go  to  the 
formation  of  the  solar  plexus. 

Semilunar  Notch  of  the  Sternum,  Fourchette 
—  s.  Valves,  Sigmoid  valves  —  s.  Masoulatqs, 
Banuoh. 

6EMILUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  NaiL 

SEMI-MAS,  Eunuch. 


8EMIMASCULUS.  Eunuch. 
SEMIMEMBRANOUS,  Semimembranous. 
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS,  Semimembra'n 
(F.)  Isckio-popliti -femoral,  Isckio-popliti-tibial, 
(Ch.)  Demimembraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  nar- 
row, and  aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third j  broader 
and  fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below. 
It  is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  is- 
chium; and  below — by  a  tendon,  which  has  three 
divisions — to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  and 
to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  internal 
tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  is  a  rotator 
inwards,  and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.  It  can  also  bend 
the  thigh  upon  the  leg.  In  standing  it  maintains 
the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even  draw  it  down- 
wards. 

SEMIMORTUUS,  Semianimis. 
SEMINA  CATAPUTLfi  MAJORIS,  see  Rici- 
nns  communis. 

Se'xina  Frig'ida  Majo'ra.  The  greater  cold 
seeds.  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  emul- 
sive seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd,  and 
water-melon. 

Semina  Frigid  a  Minora.  The  Usser  cold  seeds. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  seeds  of  the 
lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  cichory. 

Semina  Ricini  Vulgaris,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis. 

SEMINAL,  Spermatic— e.  Filaments,  Sperma- 
tozoa— s.  Fluid,  Sperm — s.  Granules,  see  Grannie. 
SEMINALE  MEMBRUM,  Penis. 
SEMINALIS,  Spermatic 
SEMINERV0SU8.  Semi-tendinosus. 
SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 
SEMIPESTIS,  Typhus. 
SEMINEX,  Semianimis. 
SEMINIA  MORBORUM,  Predisposition. 
SEMINIF'EROUS,  from  semen,  'sperm/  and 
fero,  'I  carry.'     Spcrmatoph'orous.    An  epithet 
given  to  the  vessels  which  secrete  and  convey  the 
seminal  fluid. 
SEMINIUM,  Sperm. 
6EMI0GRAPHY,  Semeiography. 
SEMIOLOGY,  Semeiology. 
SEMIOTICE,  Semeiotice— s.  Faciei,  Physi- 
ognomy. 
SEMIPLEGIA,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISEXTUM,  Hemiecton. 
SEMISICIL'ICUS.    A  weight  of  one  drachm 
or  three  scruples.  —  Rhodius. 
SEMISIDERATIO,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISIDERATUS,  see  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISOMNIS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPITUS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPORUS,  Coma. 
SEMISPEC'ULUM.    An  instrument  used  for 
dilating  the  incision  made  into  the  neck  of  the 
bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy. — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

SEMISPINALS  COLLI,  Semispinals  colli, 
Artie' ulo-spina' lis,  Transfer1 so-spinalis  Colli,  Spi- 
nalis cervi'cis,  Spinalis  Colli,  Transversa' lis  Colli, 
Transversospinal,  (F.)  Demi-6pineux  ou  trans- 
versaire-ipineux  du  com*  This  muscle  arises  from 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  six  uppermost 
dorsal  vertebra,  by  an  equal  number  of  distinct 
tendons,  which  run  obliquely  under  the  com- 
plexus,  and  is  inserted  in  the  spinous  processes 
of  all  the  cervical  vertebrae,  except  the  first  and 
last.  Its  action  is,  to  extend  the  neck  obliquely 
backwards  and  to  one  side. 

Semispinals  Dorsi,  Semispinalis  externus, 
Transver* so-spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spina'tus,  (Rio- 
Ian),  Transversospinal,  (F.)  Demi-Spineux  du 
dos,  Transversaire-fpineux  du  doe.  This  muscle 
arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  the  se- 
venth, eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  vertebras, 


SEMISPINATUS 


788 


SENSE 


by  as  many  distinct  tendons,  which  soon  grow 
fleshy;  and  then  again  become  tendinous,  and 
are  inserted  into  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dorsal,  and  two  low- 
est cervical  vertebrae,  by  as  many  tendons.  Its 
action  is,  to  extend  the  spine  obliquely  back- 
wards. 

Sevi9pinalis  Exterkus,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — 
s.  Intern  us,  Transversalis  dorsi  —  s.  Spinatus, 
Longissimus  dorsi,  Semi-spinal  is  dorsi. 

SEMISPINATUS  COLLI,  Semispinals  colli. 

SEMIS'SIS,  Semi*.  The  half  of  a  pound, 
ounce,  drachm,  Ac. 

SExMITENDINO'SUS,  Semi-nervo'sus,  (P.)  Ts- 
ehio-criti-tibial,  Ischio-pritibial,  (Ch.)  Demiten- 
dineux.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  obliquely,  down- 
wards and  inwards,  from  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium — to  which  it  is  attached  by  a  flat  tendon, 
common  to  it  and  the  biceps — as  far  as  the  pos- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  tibia,  to  which  it  is 
attached  by  means  of  another  round  tendon. 
Its  fibres  are  commonly  interrupted  by  an  apo- 
neurosis. Its  uses  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
semimembranosus. 

SEMITERTIANA,  Hemitriteea  — «.  Tierce, 
Hemitritrea. 

SEMIUNCIA,  Hemiundon. 

SEMIVIR,  Eunuch. 

SEMIVIVUS,  Semianimis. 

SEM'OLA,  BULLOCK'S,  a  farinaceous  ar- 
ticle of  diet,  which  is  recommended  as  highly 
nutritious  and  easily  digestible,  consequently  well 
adapted  for  infants  and  invalids,  is  said  to  consist 
of  the  gluten  of  wheat,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  starch.  Semola  and  Semolina  resemble  each 
other  greatly.  They  appear,  indeed,  to  be  iden- 
tical. 

SEMOLI'NA,  Manna  croup.  This  may  be 
made  by  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating the  flour  from  the  middlings,  dressing  the 
latter  four  different  times  in  a  bolting  mill,  and 
sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the  pro- 
duct is  perfectly  freed  from  bran.  In  Poland  it 
is  called  Cracow  groats. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  Baltic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  be  ma- 
nufactured from  buckwheat  It  has  a  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  white 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  taste, 
and  is  well  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  affect- 
ed with  derangement  of  the  bowels.  A  recent 
analysis  makes  it  consist  of  the  gluten  of  wheat 
with  a  certain  proportion  of  the  starch,  part  of 
the  latter  having  been  removed. 

SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE,  Sedum. 

Sempervitum  Tecto'rum,  S.  majus,  House- 
Leek,  Sedum  Majus  seu  Tccto'mm,  A'izoon,  Beia- 
Halalen,  Buphthalmus,  JBarba  Jovis,  Sengreen, 
Agriosin'ara,  Andrachahara,  Chrysosper'mum, 
(F.)  Joubarbe  des  toits.  The  leaves  have  a  mild, 
subacid  austerity,  and  are  often  applied  to  bruises 
and  old  ulcers. 

SEMUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 

SENA,  Cassia  senna. 

SENB,  Cassia  senna — s.  tfAmirique,  Cassia 
Aiarilandira — s.  Faux,  Colutea  arborescens. 

SENEBIERA  CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  co- 
ronopus. 

SENE'CIO,  S.  vulgaris,  Erig"erum,  Cortalon, 
Erigeron,  Groundsel,  Fireweed,  (F.)  Seneeon  com- 
mwn.  Family,  Corymbifero.  Sex.  Syst.  Synge- 
xiesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  A  common  plant  in 
Europe;  frequently  applied,  bruised,  to  inflam- 
mations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti-scor- 
butic. 

Skkecio  HrjBRACiroLnrg,  Erechthites  hieraci- 
folius. 


Senecio  JaCOB^'a,  Jacoba'a,  St.  James'  Wort, 
Ragwort,  (F.)  Jacobie.  The  leaves  have  a  rough- 
ish,  bitter,  subacid,  and  extremely  nauseous  taste. 
A  decoction  has  been  used  in  dysentery.  A  poul- 
tice of  the  leaves  has  been  recommended  in  rheu- 
matic affections;  und  a  decoction  of  the  root 
has  often  been  employed  in  cases  of  wounds  and 
bruises. 

SENECON  COMMUN,  Senecio. 

SENECTA,  Senectus. 

Sexec'ta  An'guium.  The  cast  skin  of  a  ser- 
pent.   A  decoction  of  it  is  said  to  cure  deafness ! 

Senecta  Decrepita,  Decrepitude  —  s.  Extre- 
ma,  Decrepitude  —  s.  Summa,  Decrepitude — «• 
Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENECTUS,  Senec'ta,  from  senere,  'to  be  old.' 
Qeras,  Se'nium,  jEtas  seni'lis  seu  provec'ta  seu 
mala,  Old  age,  SeniVity,  (F.)  Viellesse.  The  last 
period  of  life,  commencing,  according  to  some, 
at  60  years  of  age,  but  varying  according  to  nu- 
merous circumstances.  It  is  characterized  by 
progressive  diminution  of  the  physical  and  moral 
faculties. 

Sexectus  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENEGA,  Polygala  senega. 

SEN'EGAL,  GUM,  Gummi  Senegalen'se  sen 
Sen'eca  seu  Sen'ega  seu  Scn'ica.  The  exudation 
from  the  Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa  Senegal — Family, 
Leguminosse,  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoecia— 
which  grows  in  the  country  of  Africa  through 
which  the  river  Senegal  runs.  It  is  in  loose  or 
single  drops,  much  larger  than  gum  Arabic,  or 
the  gum  which  exudes  from  the  cherry  tree ;  and 
is  much  more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  former. 

SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

SENEKA,  Polygala  senega. 

SiNEYE,  Sinapis. 

SENGREEN,  Sempervivum  tectornm. 

SENILE,  Seni'lis,  from  senere,  'to  be  old.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  old  age : — as  'senile  de- 
lirium;' dotage. 

SENILITY,  Senectus. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandria,  Cassia 
senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandiea — s.  Blad- 
der, Colutea  arborescens — s.  Essence  of,  prepared, 
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sen  nee  compositum  —  s. 
Germanica,  Colutea— s.  Italica,  Cassia  senna— s. 
Prairie,  Cassia  chamaecrista-—  s.  Wild,  Cassia  cha- 
msscrista,  Cassia  Marilandiea. 

SENS,  Sense. 

SENSA'TION,  Sensa'tio,  from  sentire,  sensum, 
'to  feel;'  sEtt he' ma.  The  consciousness  or  cog- 
nizance by  the  brain  of  an  impression  caused  by 
an  external  body  on  the  organs  of  the  senses.  (F.) 
Sentiment.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  confined 
to  bodies  external  to  us ;  for  we  can  receive  an  im- 
pression by  touching  any  part  of  our  own  body.  Th  e 
body  which  communicates  the  impressions  needs 
but  to  be  external  to  the  part  impressed.  Sensa- 
tions are  divided  into  external,  internal  and  mor- 
bid. The  external  are  communicated  by  the  five 
organs  of  the  senses.  The  internal  are  such  aa 
occur  within  the  body,  and  arise  from  some  alter- 
ation in  the  function  of  the  part,  for  the  time 
being.  Hunger  and  thirst  are  internal  sensa- 
tions, as  well  as  all  the  natural  wants.  Morbid 
sensations  may  be  either  internal  or  external. 
Objective  sensations  are  produced  by  impressions 
on  the  peripheral  nerves ;  as  in  vision,  audition, 
Ac.  Subjective  sensations,  such  as  originate  cen- 
trically,  or  in  the  encephalon,  —  as  tinnitus 
aurium.  ^ 

SENSATIONAL,  Sentient 

SENSE,  Sensus,  Sen'sio,  jEsthe'*,  (F.)  Sens. 
Same  etymon  as  Sensation.  A  faculty,  possessed 
by  animals,  of  appreciating  impressions  from  ex- 
ternal objects.  The  senses  are  five  in  number  I 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.   Of  these, 


I 

J 


SENSIBILITAS 


7U 


SEPTUM- 


the  first  two  and  the  last  administer  more  to  the 
intellect ;  and,  hence,  have  been  called  by  some, 
the  intellectual  senses :  the  other  two  seem  more 
destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the  body:  and, 
hence,  have  been  termed  corporeal  or  nutritive 
senses.  Other  senses  have  been  suggested  —  as 
the  intense  sensation  experienced  daring  the  ve- 
nereal act ;  a  sense  of  heat  and  cold ;  a  muscular 
sense,  a  common  sense  or  coensesthesis,  Ac 

Senses,  Nervous  System  of  the,  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS,  Sensibility— «.  Anomalo,  see 
Irritable  —  s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable  —  s.  Morboso, 
sdb  Irritable. 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  SensibiVitas.  Same  etymon 
as  Sensation ;  jEsthe'ma.  The  faculty  of  receiv- 
ing impressions,  and  having  the  consciousness  of 
them.  Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed 
by  living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whe- 
ther the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not. 
In  the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the 
sensibility  animal :  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he 
terms  it  organic.  This  last  is  common  to  vege- 
tables and  animals,  and  presides  over  nutrition, 
absorption,  oxhalation,  secretion,  Ac.  The  other 
does  not  exist  in  vegetables :  it  is  the  origin  of 
the  sensations— olfaction,  vision,  gustation,  audi- 
tion, thirst,  hunger,  pain,  Ac.  There  are  few 
parts  of  the  animal  body,  but  what  are  sensible 
—  if  not  in  health  —  in  disease.  The  free  extre- 
mities of  the  hair  and  nails,  and  the  epidermis, 
are  not  so.     See  Insensibility. 

SENSIFEROUS,  Sentient. 

SENS  10,  Sense. 

SENSITORIUM,  Sensorium. 

SENSORI-VOLIT"K>NAL.  A  term  applied 
to  nervous  fibres  which  pass  to  and  from  the  ce- 
rebrospinal axis,  and  are  respectively  ooncerned 
in  sensation  and  volition. 

SENSORIAL,  Sentient. 

Sensorial  Power,  according  to  Dr.  Wilson 
Philip,  is  composed  of  the  two  functions  of  sen- 
sation and  volition.  Dr.  Darwin  included  in  it 
the  power  of  muscular  contraction ;  but  it  ought 
not  to  be  extended  to  acts  in  which  there  is  not 
consciousness. 

6ENS0'ItIUM,  Senso'rium  comma'**,  Or'ganon 
senso'rium  internum,  Sensito'rium,  Empo'rium  *pt- 
ritnum,  ^Esthete' rion,  Sen'sory.  The  common 
centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sensorium,  Sentient 

Sensory  Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Carpenter  to  a  series  of  ganglionic  masses  at  the 
base  of  the  brain,  which  are  in  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  nerves  of  sensation — as  the  ol/ac- 
lory,  optic,  auditory  and  gustatory. 

Sensory  Nerves,  Nerves  of  sensation,  are  so 
called  in  contradistinction  to  Motor  nerves.  There 
are  general  sensory  nervet  —  as  those  connected 
with  the  posterior  part  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and 
the  fifth  pair;  and  special  sensory,  as  those  of  the 
senses. 

SENSUS  JEGRITUDINIS,  Indisposition— s. 
Osmometries,  Olfaction — s.  Perversus,  Pseudss- 
thcsia. 

SEN'TIENT,  Sen'tien;  Sen'sory,  ldcUg"enoust 
Sense' rial,  Sensational,  Sensi/'erous.  Feeling, 
causing  feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  of  Neryes  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

SENTIMENT,  see  Sensation. 

SEPARATO'RIUM,  from  separo,  'I  separate.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  for  separating  the  pericra- 
nium from  the  skull. 

A  Sep'aratory,  Vitrum  Hypoclep'tieum,  is  a 
pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating  fluids  of  dif- 
ferent densities  from  each  other. 

SEPEDOGENESIS,  Sepedonogenesis, 


SBPEDONOGEN'ESIS,  Sejxdogen'esU,  frcs 
enxtiuv,  'putrescency,'  and  ytrcnr,  'genentua' 
A  septic  disposition  or  tendency ;  sach  is  U  na 
with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SEPES,  Sa'pes,  'A  hedge,'  'a  row:* as  S-*t 
sen  Se'ries  seu  Pecten  den'tium  :— a  row  of  let  i. 

Sepes  Dentium,  See  Sepeo. 

SEPHIRUS,  Scleriasis. 

SE'PIA,  S.  officinale,  Se'pinm,  (Wf-M 
(F.)  Seche.  The  osseous  part  of  the  eaule-fe- 
Pntcip'itans  mag'num — has  been  used  uv>i> 
sorbent,  and  is  often  added  to  tooth-powder*, 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  fi.er  it 
one  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  it  I:  i 
derived  from  Sephsia,  the  name  of  a  public  pU.t 
at  Capua,  where  such  preparations  vers  fir 
quently  sold.    A  druggist. 

SEPSICHYMIA,  Septochymio. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEPT JS'MIA ;  from  sums,  'rotten,' at-1 '«* 
'blood.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  bW  in- 
duced by  septic  or  putrid  matters. 

8EPTANA  FEBRIS,  Fever  septan. 

SEP'TENARY,  Septena'rius,  (F.)  Srp'**H 
from  septan,  '  seven.'  *  Consisting  of  ktc' 
The  sept  jnary  years  of  the  old  believer*  a  -> 
tical  periods  were  times  at  which,  it  was  ft 
posed,  important  ohanges  might  be  exp**<  i  '* 
take  place.  The  grand  climacteric  was  fii<«*j 
63,  and  it  was  considered  that  if  a  person  p*.**^ 
that  age,  he  had  well-founded  expecUtiou  ti*« 
his  life  might  be  protracted  to  90. 

SEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 

SEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilb. 

SEPTIC,  Sep'ticus,  Septus,  from  rstw, '» 
rot,'  arjirrof,  'rotten.'  That  which  produce  p- 
trefaotion.  A  substance  which  corrodes  ac-i  - 
organises  the  soft  ports  without  coitiuig  bbA 
pain.  ( 

Septic  Poison,  see  Poison. 

SEPTICAEMIA,  Soptseinia. 

SEPTIMESTRIS  F(ETUS>  see  Pcetas  iqb- 
mestris. 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

SEPTOCHYM'IA,  Sepmiehym'ia;  from  w^ 
'putrefaction,'  and  Xvpos,  'juice.'  Putrtis^; 
or  putrescency  of  the  humours. 

SEPTOPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SEPT'ULUM ;  diminutive  of  septum,  'ac- 
tion.' A  division  between  small  space?  or  »«■ 
ties — as  the  septula  or  fibrous  cords  giren  t-  '1 
the  mediastinum  testis  to  be  inserted  into  tk<  * 
ner  surface  of  the  tunica  albuginca, 

SEPTUM,  (F.)  Chiton.  A  part  fctenfc  » 
separate  two  cavities  from  each  other,  or  i^ 
vide  a  principal  cavity  into  several  wcoca? 
cavities.  ,. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  homsa  »*:• 
The  chief  are  the  following :  —  ^ 

Septum  Cerebelli,  Falx  cercbelli-*  &*** 
Falx  cerebri— s.  Cochless  auditorial,  Lamia*  Jr 

Septum  Cordis,  Septum  medium  eortf*  im- 
portation which  separates  the  two  ventric* 
the  heart. 
Sr.PTUM  Encephau,  Tentorium.  , 

Septum  Lu'cidum  seu  pelluci'dum  ten  tr*  y 
pellucidum  seu  medium  seu  Spee'ukn  «^ 
seu  Lapis  specula' ris  sen  Mediastinum  *»  '' " 
phragma  vent  riculo' rum  lot  era' Hum  *r*t*n,\^ 
culum,  (F.)  Septum  median,  (Ch.)  Cfom*  ^ 
parente.    The  soft  portion  or  medullar/  in- 
stance, which  separates  the  two  lateral  T»tr*< 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.    This  »!*■- 
composed  of  two  laminae;  between  wki<**f5 
cavity  exists,  filled  by  a  serous  fluid,  and  *~* 
the  Fossa  o/SyVvius,  bth  ventricle  of  ft «"•  jT 
of  the  median  septum,  (Ch.)    The  brother!  *^ 


SEPTUM 


78ft 


6BRUM 


Ml  are  of  opinion  that  thi*  cavity  is  lined  by  a 
peculiar  membrane. 

SEPTUM  MEDIAN,  S.  lucidum— e.  Mtdian 
du  cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli— s.  Medium  cerebri,  S. 
lucidum. 

Septum  Na'rittm,  Interseptnm  sen  Dissepimen'- 
twn  gen  Interfi'nium  sea  Discri'men  sea  Imbrex 
seu  Z^iapAra^mana'rtvin,  (F.)  CHoison  dee  Font* 
nasales.  The  partition  between  the  narea.  It  is 
formed  by  the  vomer,  the  perpendionlar  plate  of 
the  ethmoid  bone,  and  a  cartilage  of  a  triangular 
shape.  These  parts  are  lined  by  the  pituitary 
membrane,  which  receives  a  considerable  number 
of  nerves  and  vessels. 

Septum  Nasi,  see  Nares. 

Septum  Parvum  Occipitalx,  Falx  eerebelli — 
s.  Peotiniforme,  see  Cavernous  bodies — s.  Pelln- 
cidum,  S.  Lucidum— «.  Scala),  Lamina  spiralis — 
«.  Staphylin,  Velum  pendulum  palati — s.  Tenue 
et  pellucidum,  S.  lucidum — s.  Thoracis,  Medias- 
tinum —  #.  Transverse,  Tentorium  —  s.  Transver- 
sum,  Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli  nervoso-membra- 
naceum,  nee  Labyrinth. 

SEPTUS,  Septious. 

SEPUM,  Sevum. 

SEQUES'TRUM,  from  sequeetro, '  I  separate.' 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone ;  acting,  whilst 
retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When  the  se- 
questrum is  superficial  and  small,  it  is  called 
Exfolia'tion. 

8ERAPEUM,  Syrup. 

6ERAPIN0N,  Sagapenum. 

SERAPIUM,  Syrup. 

SERBET,  Scherbet 

SER'ICUM,  Silk;  from  Sert$— the  Thibetans 
probably — from  whom  it  was  first  obtained. 
(F.)  Soie.  The  thread  spun  by  the  Bombtjx 
Mori  or  Silkworm.  Silk  is  used  by  surgeons  for 
ligatures,  Ac 

Sericum  AffGUcuK,  see  Sparadrapum  adnasi- 
vum. 

SERIES  DENTITJM,  see  Sepes. 

S&RIEUX,  Serious. 

SERINGUE,  Syringe. 

SERIOLA,  Gichorium  intybus. 

SE'RIOUS,  (F.)  Sirieux,  Grave.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  a  disease,  Dyspathi'a,  Morbus  gravis,  and 
to  a  symptom  that  is  attended  with  danger. 

SERIS,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SERMOUNTAIN,  Laserpitium  album. 

SERO-COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

SERO-CYSTIC,  Sero-cyst'ictu.  An  epithet  to 
tumours  of  the  female  breast,  which  consist,  in 
the  first  stage,  of  one  or  more  membranous  cysts, 
produced  perhaps  by  dilatation  of  portions  of  the 
lactiferous  tubes. 

SERO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SER'OLIN,  from  serum, '  whey/  A  fatty  mat- 
ter detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet,  Lecanu, 
Sanson,  and  others. 

SfSROSITi,  Serum. 

SEROSITY,  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'9u$,  (F.)  SSrtux.  Thin ;  watery. 
Relating  to  the  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  or  to  membranes  that  secrete  them.  See 
Serum. 

Serous  Later,  see  TacKe  embryonnaire. 

Serous  Membranes,  Membranes,  serous. 

SERPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,  Serpent,  Anguis,  Oplie;  from 
§erpo,  *  I  creep.'    A  snake. 

Snake  Broth  was,  at  one  time,  recommended 
as  a  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous :  and  the  bites  of 
some  fatal.    See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

SERPENTAIRE  NOIRE,  Actssa  racemosa. 

SERPENTARIA,  Aristoloehia  serpen  taria— 
60 


s.  Gullorum,  Arum  dracunculus  —  s.  Hispanic** 
Seononera—  s.  Minor,  Arum  maculatum — s.  Ni- 
gra, Aetata  racemosa. 

SERPENTARLB  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Cainca?  radix. 

SERPENTIN,  see  Alembic. 

SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 

SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 

SERPES,  Herpes. 

SERPIGINOUS,  from  eerpere,  'to  creep/ 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  affections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  part  to  another, — 
'Serpiginous  erysipelas,'  (F.)  £n/tipele  serpigi- 
nes. 

SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  pso- 
riasis. 

SERPILLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPOLET,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPULLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum  — s.  Citra- 
tum,  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA,  Saw — s.  Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa- 
tion— 8.  Versatilis,  Trepan. 

SERRAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phale».  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequa- 
lis.  A  species  of  Sawwort,  reoommended  in 
ague. 

Sbrratula  Behen,  Centaurea  behen. 

SERRATUS  ANTICUS  MINOR,  Pectoralis 
minor  —  s.  Major,  Serratus  magnus. 

Serra'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance ;  from  terra, '  a  saw.'  Serratu* 
major  and' c us,  Serratus  major,  (F.)  Costobari- 
scapulaire,  Costo-seapulnire,  (Ch.,)  Grand  dentclt. 
A  very  broad  (especially  anteriorly,)  thin,  flat, 
irregularly  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
sides  of  the  thorax.  It  is  attached,  before,  to 
the  external  surface  of  the  first  8  or  9  ribs,  by  as 
many  distinct  digitations;  and,  behind,  to  the 
spinal  edge  of  the  scapula.  The  superior  fibres 
are  almost  horizontal ;  the  lower  become  gradu- 
ally more  and  more  oblique  upwards  and  back- 
wards. This  muscle  carries  the  scapula  forwards, 
and  causes  it  to  execute  a  movement  of  rotation, 
which  directs  its  inferior  angle  forwards,  and  the 
anterior  upwards.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  raises  the  ribs. 

Skbratus  Posticus  Inferior,  (F.)  Dorso- 
lombo-costal,  Lombo-coetal,  (Ch.,)  Petit  deutelS 
posterieur  et  infirieur.  A  broader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  back ;  and  extends  from  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dorsal  verte- 
bra), and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar,  to  the 
inferior  margin  of  the  last  four  false  ribs.  This 
muscle  depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus  concurs  in 
expiration.    It  is  an  antagonist  to  the  next. 

Serratus  Posticus  Supe'rior,  (F.)  Cerriei- 
dor&o-costal,  Dorso-costal,  (Ch.)  Petit  denteU  «u- 
pirieur.  A  fiat,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle; 
situate  obliquely  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the  back.  It 
passes  from  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  the 
spinous  process  of  the  last  oervieal  vertebra; 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  first  two  or 
three  dorsal,  to  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  ribs j  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  as  many 
digitations.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and  is,  conse- 
quently, an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERTULA  CAMPANA,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

SERUM,  Sperm. 

Sebum,  'whey.'  Orrhoe,  Otob,  Seros'ity,  (F.) 
Seroeiii.  The  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  exhaled  by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a 
constituent  part  of  blood,  milk,  Ac 

Serum  of  thi  Blood,  Ha' my  dor,  Orrhoe, 
Ichor  ean'guinis,  (F.)  Serum  dm  Sang,  if  the 


SiRVM 


TM 


8EVUX 


liquid  which  separate*  from  the  blood,  when 
coagulated  at  rest.  It  ie  of  a  greenish-yellow 
colour ;  viscid,  slightly  coagulable  by  heat,  acids, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  composed  of  water ;  chloride 
of  sodium ;  certain  phosphates ;  and  albumen, 
constantly  united  to  soda,  almost  in  a  sapona- 
ceous combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by  heat, 
u  by  some  called  eeroeity. 

S£RU3f  DU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 
Serum  Lactis,  Aqua  laciit;  Serum  of 
Milk,  Whey,  (F.)  Strum  du  lait,  Petit  lait. 
That  part  of  milk,  from  which  the  butter  and 
caseous  matter  have  been  separated.  It  is  a 
transparent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing 
sugar  of  milk,  mucilage,  acetio  acid,  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  some  other  saline  substances.  It 
is  used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

Serum  Lactis  Hoffman'ni,  (P.)  Petit-lait 
aVHoffmann,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid  re- 
sulting from  treating  with  boiling  water  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Rennet  Whet  is  made  thus:  milk  2  pints; 
rennet  5ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water ;  mix  and 
keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then  strain 
—Gray. 

Serum  of  Serous  Membranes,  Serum  mem- 
hranarum  eerota'rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.) 
Strum  de»  membranee  eireueee,  Eau  det t  hydro- 


pique*.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood,— 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
hydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  less  al- 
bumen :— sometimes  enough  to  coagulate  on  the 
•application  of  heat :  at  others,  not 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia— 
s.  Tree,  Sorbus  domestics* 

SERVIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Couvrechef, 
SES'AMOID,  Setamol'dee,    Seeamo'dee,  Seea- 
moldeue,  from  waun,  'a  grain  of  sesamum/  and 
h&os,  'resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones,  Oeea  sen  Oeeic'ula  eeeamol- 
dea,  are  small  bones,  situate  in  the  substance  of 
tendons,  near  certain  joints.  Their  number  is 
various.  They  are  commonly  more  in  the  male 
than  female.  Two  are  constantly  met  with  be- 
neath the  metatarso-phalangal  articulations  of 
the  great  toe.  Sometimes,  the  articulations  of 
other  bones  of  the  metartarsus  with  the  pha- 
langes of  the  toes  have  them  likewise.  In  the 
hand,  there  are  two  before  the  metacarpo-pha- 
langal  joint  of  the  thumb.  At  times,  they  are 
met  with  in  the  other  metacarpo-phalangal  arti- 
culations. Occasionally,  two  exist  behind  the 
condyles  of  the  femur,  in  the  tendons  of  the 
gastrocnemii  muscles.  A  considerable  os  sesa- 
moideum  is  also  met  with  in  the  tendon  of  the 
peronasus  longus.  These  bones  are  commonly 
round,  and  flattened  only  on  one  surface,  which 
is  incrusted  with  cartilage,  Their  sise  is  very 
variable,  according  to  the  joints  in  which  they 
exist.  Traces  of  sesamoid  bones  are  not  ob- 
served in  infants :  in  them,  they  are  replaced  by 
small,  cartilaginous  concretions.-  They  are  de- 
veloped by  a  single  point  of  ossification :  and 
are,  like  the  patella  (which  is  a  true  sesamoid 
bone,)  composed  of  much  cellular  substance, 
covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  compact  tissue.  The 
uee  of  these  bones  is,—  to  allow  the  tendon  to  be 
inserted  into  the  lever  at  a  greater  angle ;  and 
thus  enable  the  power  to  act  more  advanta- 
geously. 

Riolan  has  given  the  name  0*sa  eeeamoldea  to 
two  bony  points  sometimes  met  with; — the  one 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the  tem- 


poral bone;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  «f  At 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  side  of  the  interns!  an- 
tid  artery.  . 

SESAMUM,  see  Sesamum  ©nentale. 
Seb'amum  Orienta'lI,  &  edu'li  sen  oJey  £» 
Bent*,  Oily  Grain.  The  seeds  of  tins  Afri« 
planTare  cultivated  in  Georgia  and  South  U-* 
Una,  where  the  negroes  use  them  with  Indian  ecn 
as  an  article  of  food.  They  yield  a  larger ytf1; 
tion  of  oil  than  any  other  vegetable ;  one  saw* 
weight  producing  ninety  pounds  of  ou,  wtaei* 
at  least,  equal  to  Florence  oiL 

Benne  oil,  Oleum  See' ami,  is  used  m  the  S** 
era  States  as  a  laxative.  The  le*T«->* 
mum  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  afford,  by  infusion,  an  eu* 
lent  mucilage.  .  . 

SESCUN'CIA,  Seequiun'eia,  HemoTm.  « 
ounce  and  a  hall    See  SesquL 

SESELI,  Laserpitium  siler  — a  ££!*«=* 
Ligusticum  podagraria— s.  Annuum,  S.  w^ 
sum  — s.  Carum,  Carum  —  s.  Carvi,  CaruB-t 
Creticum,  Tordylum  officinale  — a  F«w«*^- 
lium,  Sison  ammi— s.  Graveolens,  Apiun  p^ 
olens  —  s.  Meum,  JEthusa  meum— s.  Patens.  » 
tortuosum  —  s.  Pratense,  Peueedanmn  alas*-4 
dee  Pre*,  Peucedanum  silaus.  ( . 

Ses'eli  Tortuo'sum,  Seeeli  Jfasfilies*  * 
an'nuum  sou  paten*,  (Enan'thi  etriate  r?  «* 
Hartwort  of  Mar»eiUee.  The  seeds  have  a  w» 
taste;  and  a  greater  degree  of  pungency  J» 
those  of  Laserpitium  siler,  which  is  the**** 
the  Pharmacopoeias.  . 

SESQUL    This  word,  joined  with  njt»* 
ber,  weight,  measure,  Ac,  signifies  one  «u 
half;  as  eetquigranum,  '  a  grain  and  ball. 
SESQUIUNCIA,  Sescuncia. 
SETA  EQUI'NA,  'a  horses  hair.*  B«<*f 
Helmin'tku*  Gondii.    A  kind  of  worm,  6s** 
stagnant  water,  from  4  to  0  inches  1«*  ■ 
twisted  into  vsrious  knots  and  contoruow -^ 
lour  pale-brown,  with  dark  extremity   *• 
common  in  the  intestines  of  the  *g*T^ 
causing  the  CoVica  Lappon'iea,  in  which  tie. 
pings  are,  at  times,  exceedingly  severe. 

SETA'CEUM,  Seto,  Seton,  fr**"**'1"^ 
A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton  twi*r* ^ 
through  the  skin  and  areolar  membrane,^ «. 
up  an  issue;  or  through  suppurating  c* * 
between  tho  fragments  of  fractured  sose**- 
to  fulfil  certain  indications.    The  term  ^ 
applied  to  the  issue  so  established,    iw  •  ^ 
tion  is  simple.    It  consists  in  laying  ***- 
fold  of  skin,  and  passing  a  seton-needJ*  J  • 
it,  with  the  thread  attached.    Every  da? -i  • 
portion  of  the  thread  is  drawn  fcWT^j 
Setons  are   established  in  many  f*-*^  „T 
obstinate    ophthalmia*,    cephalalgia;  T  , . 
thoracio  and  abdominal  affections,  Ac,  ■ 
are  not  as  much  used  as  formerly.  ^_^ 
SETARIA  ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roc*** 
SETFAST,  see  Furunculus. 
SETO,  Setaceum. 
SETON,  Setaceum. 
SETTERWORT,  Hellebores  fccWta 
SEVADILLA,  Veratrum  sabaduls. 
SEVATIO,  Steatoma. 
S^  YE,  Sap. 
SJSVRAGE,  Weaning. 
SEVUM,  Pinguedo.  r 

Sbtum,   Sebum,  Sepum,  Stear,  M#    ^ 
Sevum  verveci'nunu     Suet,  mutton  »« 


gnedo.  -m  r  v1.- 

Sevum  Pr^para'tcm,  Serum  ("■  Vj  ^ 
Otnl'li  Sevum  Preparu'tm,  rttpf*  u 
(P.)  Grai*»e  de  Movton,  Suift  »-«  ^  *t 
cutting  suet  in  pieces;  melting  <**»■  ^ 
and  straining  through  linen.    «  H  ^ 


SEX 


787 


SIBBENS 


and  in  sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (gij  to  Oj), 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  formation  of 
plasters. 
Sevum  Vervecinuv,  Sevum. 
BEX,  Sexne,  Oenoe,  Phyeie.  The  physical  dif- 
ference between  male  and  female  in  animals  and 
vegetables;  —  as  the  Male  •«*,  Sexue po'tior  sen 
for'tiar  sen  virflie;  and  the  Female  sex, 
Sexus  seq'uior,  S.  mtUiefbrie,  Alter  Sexue,  '  The 
Sex.' 

SEXTANS,  Sexta  pars  libra.  The  sixth  part 
of  a  pound. — Galen. 

SEXTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure  for  li- 
quid and  solid  substances..  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

SEX'TULA,  Hexagium,  ^aytov.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  ounce. 

SEX' UAL,  Sexua'lie,  from  sexue,  'sex.'  That 
which  relates  to  the  sex ;  which  characterises  the 
sex. 

Sexual  Diseases,  Morbi  sexuafles,  are  the  dis- 
eases of  the  genital  organs ;  as  Sexual  Func- 
tions are  the  genital  functions. 
Sexual  Intercourse,   Coition  —  s.  Organs, 
1  Genital  organs. 

SEXUS,  Sex  — a.  Alter,  see  Sex— s.  Fortior, 
see  Sex  —  s.  Muliebris,  see  Sex  —  s.  Potior,  see 
Sex  —  s.  Sequior,  see  Sex  —  s.  Virilis,  see  Sex. 
SEYDSCH0TZ  WATER,  Sedlits  water. 
SHALLOT,  Echalotte. 

SHAMPOO'ING,  Matting,  (F.)  Manage, 
Maesement.    A  Hindoo  process,  which  consists 
in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a  peculiar 
'         manner;  cracking  the  various  joints,  and  em- 
ploying blows  and  friction. 

'Kneading'  consists  in  pressing  alternately 
upon  a  part  of  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles  to 
more  energetic  action.  It  is  employed  at  times 
in  dyspepsia. 

SHAMROCK,  INDIAN,  Trillium  latifolium— 
.         e.  Water,  Menyanthes  veraa. 
SHANKER,  Chancre. 

SHARON  SPRINGS,  NEW  YORK.    These 
|  springs,  which  are  situate  about  10  or  12  miles 

south  of  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  and  45  miles  west 
r         of  Albany,  are  much  frequented.     They  contain, 
'         according  to  the  analysis  of  Dr.  Chilton,  sulphate 
'         of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
r         chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphohydrate  of  sodium, 
•         sulphohydrate  of  calcium,  vegetable  extractive 
matter,  and  free  sulphohydrio  acid  gas.    Their 
temperature  is  48°  Fahr. 
SHEATH,  Vagina, 
i  SHEEP  POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia, 

SHELLBARK,  see  Hickory, 
i  SHELL  FLOWER,  Trillium    latifolium  —  s. 

t         Liquid,  see  Calcis  murks  —  s.  Membrane,  Mem- 
i         brana  testae. 

,  SHEPHERD'S  PURSE,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

,  SHERBET,  Scherbet— s.  Orange,  see  Syrupus 

aurantii. 

SHERMAN'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
lozenges,  Sherman's. 

SHERRY,  Sack,  see  Wine. 
SHIELD,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
SHIN,   Cerea,   Crista  tib'ia.    The  spine  or 
anterior  part  of  the  tibia  or  leg.  It  is,  also,  called 
Anticne'mion,  and  Oreo, 
SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 
SHIP  FEVER,  see  Typhus. 
SHOCK,  see  Concussion. 
I  SHORT,  Sax.  fceojie,  from  rcijian,  'to  cut,  to 

f  mhear,'  shored,  shored,  short,  (F.)  Court.    A  word 

used,  by  anatomists,  in  opposition  to  long;  and 
to  distinguish  parts  from  each  other  that  have 
otherwise  the  same  name. 

Short  Bones,  for  example,  are  those  in  which 


the  three  dimensions— length,  breadth,  and  thick* 
ness  —  are  nearly  alike;  such  are  the  vertebra*, 
bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  Ao. 

Short  Ribs,  see  Costa. 

SHORTSIGHTED,  Myopic. 

SHORTSIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia, 

SHORTWINDED,  Pursy. 

6HOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SHOULDER-BLADE,  Scapula. 

SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WEED,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia  —  s.  Pond,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

SHOW,  see  Parturition. 

SHOW-CHOO,  see  Spirit 

SHOWER-BATH,  see  Bath. 

SHRUB,  perhaps,  from  Arabic,  sharab, '  syrup/ 
A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon-juice,  and  sugar. 

Shrub,  Sweet,  Calycanthus — s.  Sweet-scented, 
Calycanthus. 

SHUD'DERING,  Frem'itue,  Phryag'ma,  from 
(G.)  Sohauder,  Schauer,  (F.)  Frimissement, 
Tressaillement.  A  peculiar  sensation,  felt  either 
externally  or  internally ;  and  which  seems  to  be 
the  result  of  a  spasmodic  movement  of  the  parts 
in  which  it  occurs.  A  slight  feeling  of  cold 
sometimes  accompanies  it  It  is,  at  times,  the 
result  of  a  moral  cause,  and  is  often  the  precur- 
sor of  shivering. 

SHUMAC,  Rhus  coriaria. 

SIAGANTRI'TIS,  from  eiayur,  'the  jaw,' 
•vrpov,  'a  cavity,'  and  {tie,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

SIAGON,  Maxillary  bone. 

SIAGO'NAGRA,  from  etayvv,  '  the  jaw,'  and 
ay  fa,  '  a  seizure.'  Arthri'tis  maxilla'ris.  A  gouty 
or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

SIALACHUS,  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialago'gue,  Sial'ogogue,Pty- 
al'agogite,  Ptyas'magogue,  Sali'vans,  Saliva' turn, 
Sialodnetficne,  ApopMegmat'ieans  per  os,  (F.) 
Salivant;  from  <ria\ov,  '  saliva,'  and  ayu,  *  I  ex- 
pel.' That  which  provokes  the  secretion  of  saliva. 
Pyrethrum  and  mercury  are  sialogogues.  Siala- 
gogues  may  be  of  two  kinds, — those  which  act 
through  the  circulation,  and  those  whioh  act  im- 
mediately on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury  be- 
longs to  the  former,  —  pyrethrum  to  the  latter 
class.  The  chief  sialagogues  are  armoraci,  cala- 
mus, mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabacum,  and  sin- 
giber. 

SIAL'ICA,  from  eiaXov,  'saliva.'  Medicines, 
which  affect  the  salivary  glands.  —  Pereira. 

SIALISMUS,  Salivation. 

SIALOCINETICUS,  Sialagogue. 

SIALOLITHS  Calculi,  salivary. 

SIALOLOG"IA,  from  eia\ov,  'saliva,'  and 
\oyos,  '  a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  saliva. 

SIALOMA,  Saliva. 

SIALON,  Saliva. 

SIALORRHCEA,  Salivation. 

SIALOSCHESIS,  from  etaXor,  'saliva,'  and 
a%t<ns,  'retention.'  Retention  or  suppression  of 
the  saliva. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivary  fistula. 

SIALOZEMIA,  Salivation  —  s.  Mercurialis, 
Salivation,  mercurial. 

SIAMESE  TWINS,  see  Twins,  Siamese. 

SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Siwene,  Frambce'sia  Sco'tica.  An 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  part*  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kind. 
Sivrin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry ;  and  it  is 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like  rasp- 
;  berries.  From  siunn,  the  inhabitants  have  made 
sievin,  eibben,  eibbene,  and  siwens.  By  some, 
this  affection  is  regarded  as  a  complication  of  the 


SIBILANT 


788 


SILENB 


and  itch.     In  the  Orkney*,  etbbene 
Means  itch.— Jamieeon. 

SIBILANT,  Sib'ilue,  Sib'ilane,  from  stttio,  'I 
hiss  or  whistle.'    Making  a  hissing  or  whistling 
sound.     See  Rdle  eibilant. 
6IBILISMUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  anrinm. 
8IBILUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  anrinm. 
SICCAN'TIA,  from  eieeare,  'to  dry.'   Xcran'- 
Hca,  (F.)  Siccatife.    Drying  medicines. — Galen. 
Siccahtia,  Desieeativa. 
SICCATIFS,  Siccantia. 
6ICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA,  ettxana,  *  disgust'  A  distress- 
ing  disgust  for  food;  such  as  is  experienced  by 
women  with  child. 

SICIL'ICUM.  A  Roman  weight  of  about  two 
drachms. 

SICK,  Sax.  f  eoc,  jEger,  JDgro'tue,  Noe'eroe, 
Noeo'dee,  Jaeene,  Laborio'ene,  Laborane,  (P.)  Ma- 
lade,  Labouring  under  disease.  Such  is  its  accep- 
tation in  old  English,  and  generally  in  the  United 
States.  In  England,  it  most  commonly  means, — 
affected  with  disorder  of  the  stomach  or  nausea. 
A  sick  person,  JEger,  JEgro'tue,  (P.)  Malade, 
who  is  under  the  charge  of  a  physician  is  said  to 
be  a  patient,  or  the  patient  of  the  physician.  At 
times,  but  rarely,  patient  is  used  for  a  sick  per- 
son in  the  abstract. 
Sick  Stomach,  Milk  sickness. 
SICKLY,  Morbo'eve,  VaUtudina'riiu,  Adyn'- 
toe,  Noeae'eroe,  Noeo'dee,  Morboee,  (*.)  Maladif. 
One  who  is  subjeot  to  be  siok,  or  is  in  feeble 
health. 

SICKNESS,  Disease  —  s.  Palling,  Epilepsy  — 
8.  River,  Milk  sickness  —  s.  of  the  Stomach,  Vo- 
miting— s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 
•     SICLIUM,  Sicilicum. 
8ICUA,  Cupping-glass. 
SICULA,  Beta,  Penis. 
8ICYED0N,  Cauledon. 
SIDA  ABUTILON,  Abutilon  oordatum. 
SIDE,  PAIN  IN  THE,  Pleurodynia. 
SIDERA'TIO,   Sgdera'tio,  Si d era' t ion,   from 
eidue,  'a  star;'  because  the  condition  was  thought 
to  be  produced  by  the  influence  of  the  stars.  The 
state  of  one  struck  suddenly,  without  apparent 
cause,  and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the  stars  or 
planets— P&iiMMtrtic*.   The  ancients  comprised, 
under  this  name,  different  morbid  conditions, 
such  as  paralysis,  apoplexy,  and  gangrene. 

Sideratio,  Apoplexy,  Asphyxia,  Phrenitis  — 
s.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa. 
SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos.  Sideratio. 
SIDERION,  Ferramentum. 
SIDERITES,  Magnet 
6IDERITIS,  Magnet,  Teucrium  ohammpitys. 
6IDEROS,  Ferrum. 

SIDEROXYLON,  Chrysophyllum  eainito. 
SIDHEE,  Bee  Gunjah. 

SIDMOUTH  (CLIMATE  OF).    Sidmouth  is 
in  Devonshire,  England,  on  the  sea-beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.    It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  summer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
sea-fogs. 
SIEGE,  Anus. 
SIELISMOS,  Salivation. 
6IEL0N,  Saliva. 

SIEVE,  see  Cribration  —  s.  Drum,  see  Cribra- 
tioii. 

SIFFLEMENT  (F.),  from  stfler,  <  to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 

SIFFLEMENT  MODUL&  CAant  dee  arOree, 
Emit  mueical, '  modulated  whistling,  or  mueie  of 
the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  heard  on  auscul- 
tation, resembling,  at  times,  the  humming  of  cer- 
tain insects.  ' 


The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  laboar- 
ing  under  chlorosis. 

SIGAULTIAN  SECTION,  gympnysiotov;. 

6IGE,  Taciturnity. 

SIGH,  Suspirium. 

SIGHT,  Vision  —  s.  Askew,  Dysepfe  litenSi 
—s.  False,  Metamorphopsia,  PseudoUepia-i 
Feebleness  of;  Amblyopia. 

6IGILLUM  SALAMONIB,  OonvaUarisp^- 
gonatum  —  s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 

SIGMOID,  StymoieTal,  Sifmotoidy  Sigwm'i*, 
Sigtno'dee,  Sigmol'deue.  That  which  ha  ik 
form  of  the  Greek  S  or  C ;  from  sigma,  aid  «*, 
'resemblance.' 

Sigmoid  Cartilages,  Semilunar  evtOsra. 

Sigmoid  Cavities  or  Foasje  of  tub  Clva.  F.) 
CavitSe  ou  Foeeee  eigmotdee,  are  two  notekes  s 
the  upper  part  of  that  bone, — one  for  tbt  na- 
tion of  the  humerus;  the  other  for  tost «f  w 
radius. 

Sigmoid  Flexuhe  of  tbb  Colo*,  Tkn'n 
eigmol'dea,  is  a  tarn  the  colon  takes  immedia^ 
before  its  termination  in  the  rectum. 

Sigmoid  or  6emiluwa*  Valves,  Velnk^ 
moVdea,  Procee'eue  Sigmol'dee,  (F.)  F«W*»* 
strides  on  eemilunairee,  are  three  vslmhr  f*& 
at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmoosrriflB? 
and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  fom^» 
crescent,  when  applied  against  the  ptriet*'' 
the  vessel.  "When  the  blood  is  sent  fiw>  u« 
ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  nfof  c* 
applied  against  the  sides/ of  the  vessel;  ta  ** 
ing  the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  *  *> 
pressed,  and  prevent  the  blood  from  retanurr* 
the  heart  At  the  middle  of  the  eonrexi?  - 
each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular  grueJn 
called  Corpue'eulum  sen  GioVml**  Are*'**,*** 
completely  doses  up  the  passage.  It  *  »* 
called  Corpueculum  Morgagn'ii,  and  C.  £»(**' 
deem,  (F.)  Globule  tfAramtiue. 

SIGN,  Signwn,  Semi' on,  (F.)  %*•  & 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  bj  tfc  •«• 
amination  of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  fese**-' 
him,  whence  a  conclusion  may  be  drawn  vp^ 
ing  the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease.  Tfc'H- 
nomena  which  precede  the  disease  are  eslM  * 
amnee'tie  or  commem'oratiee  eigne,— fa*  ***< 
accompany  it  are  termed  diagnostic,  if  * 
reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  disease.  ~r 
gnoetie,  when  they  indicate  its  probable  to*1 
and  termination. 
SIGNA  ASSIDBNTIA,  see  Assidees. 
SIGNATURE,  SignatJra,  Big**'**  f c 
eignum,  'a  sign/  Epiephagiem'oe.  Tb»  "^ 
was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries.  » J' 
middle  ages,  to  mystio  characters  of  good  (^ 
augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended  tbst  (^ 
one  was  marked  by  the  star  under  which  kn 

Dorn'  ^j* 

Sighatubbs  of  Plaitts  meant  etrtsia  p<^_ 
rities  in  their  external  formation  or  eolosr,*-  ; 
indicated  that  they  were  adapted  forprfp' 
diseases: — as  in  the  case  of  the  Lueewn.  I"* 
wort,  Ac. 

SIGNES  AVANT-COUREUKS,  fce**? 
signs — t.  Prieureeure,  Precursory  KffH- 

SIGNUM,  see  Parturition— s.  Can*** 
cum,  see  Pathognomonic  —  a  Goajasews-^ 
Pathognomonic  —  s.  Diacriticum,  see  B*^ ' 
sigma— s.  Morbi  essentiale,  see  Patbogw0** ' 

SILACH,  Sitae.  An  Arabic  ™**?I 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,  ^**_ 
Palpebra'rum,;  and,  also,  Abptci*-***^ 
Stephanus. 

SILENCE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

6ILBNE  CRASSIFOLIA,  Coexbal*  »** 


BILBB 


789 


SINUS 


s.  Inflata,  Cucubalus  behen  —  0.  Thorei,  Cucuba- 
lus behen. 

Silb'nI  Vreani'rcA,  Ground  Pink,  Wild  Pink, 
Catch  Fly.  The  root  has  been  employed,  in  de- 
ooction,  aa  an  efficacious  anthelmintic. 

SLLER  LANCIFOLIUM,  Laaerpitium  eUer 
—  a.  Montanum,  Laaerpitium  siler. 

SIL'IQUA,  Cera' Hon;  the  carat.  A  weight 
of  about  four  grains.    A  pod. 

Siliqua  Arabica,  Tamarindus — s.  Araci  aro- 
mattci,  see  Vanilla — s.  Banilto,  see  Vanilla— s. 
Dulois,  Ceratonium  siliqua — e.  Vanigliss,  see  Va- 
nilla— s.  Vanillins,  8*6  Vanilla. 

SILIQUASTRUM  PL  IN  II,  Capsicum  annuum. 

SILK,  Serioum — s.  Weed,  Aselepias  Sullivan- 
tii,  Aselepias  tuberoea— s.  Weed,  oommon,  Asele- 
pias Syriaca  —  s.  Worm,  see  Serieam. 

SILLON,  Sulcus— e.  Horizontal  de  la  vein* 
otnbilicale,  see  Lirer — «.  Tranevertale,  see  Liver 
— ».  de  la  Veine  cave  inferieur,  see  Liver  — «.  de 
la  Veine  porte,  see  Liver. 

SILO,  Camus. 

SLLPHIUM,  Laserpitium. 

Sil'phiuh  Pbrfolia'tum,  Cup  Plant,  Turpen- 
tine Sun  Flower,  and 

SiLPH'ruM  Tbbebinthhta'cbto,  Pra'irie  Bur- 
dock, Roriu  Weed ;  Nat.  Order,  Composites ;  in- 
digenous in  Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  flowering 
from  Jul j  to  September ;  yield  a  fragrant  gum, 
which  is  esteemed  stimulant  and  antispasmodic. 

SILUS,  Camus. 

SILVER,  Argentum — s.  Ammonio-ehloride  of, 
see  Argentum  —  s.  Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  — 
s.  Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Cyanide  o£  see 
Argentum  —  s.  Cyanuret  of,  see  Argentum  —  a. 
Iodide  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Ioduret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum— e.  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla — s.  Mu- 
riate of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  Nitrate  of,  Argenti 
sitras — s.  Oxide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  and  Am- 
monia, Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  and  Am- 
monia, Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum. 

SILYBUM,  Carduus  marianus — s.  Maculatum, 
Carduus  marianus  —  s.  Marianum,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

SIMAROTTBA,  Quassia  simarouba— s.  Bitter, 
Quassia  simarouba — *.  Faux,  Malpighia  mourella. 

SIMARUBA,  Qnassia  simarouba. 

Simaruba  Cedron.  A  South  American  tree, 
the  seeds  of  which  —  cedron  iced* — have  been 
used  as  an  antidote  for  snake-bites.  They  have, 
also,  been  proposed  in  mental  diseases  and  in 
epilepsy.  The  scrapings  of  the  wood  have  been 
used  as  a  substitute  for  sulphate  of  quinia. 

Simaruba  Officinalis,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SIMILATIO,  Assimilation. 

SIMITIUM,  Plumbi  suboarbonas. 

SIMO,  Camus. 

8IM0NEA  FOLLICULORUM,  Aoarus  folli- 
oulorum. 

SIMOTRACHELUS,  Bysauchen. 

SIMPLES.  Medicinal  herbs.  One  skilled  in 
simples  is  called  a  Simpliet,  a  Rhixot'omieL 

SIMPLIST,  see  Simples. 

SIMULATED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

6IMULATI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 

SIM  US,  Camus. 

SINA  LEVANTICA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SINAPEL-fi'ON,  from  etvmt,  'mustard/  and 
eXatov,  *  oil.'    Oil  impregnated  with  mustard. 

8INAPI,  Sinapis. 

6  IN  A' PIS,  Sinapie  nigra  sen  cer'nua  sen  OUve- 
rta'na,  Brat'tiea  nigra,  Napue,  Eru'ca,  Sina'pi, 
gina'pi,  Na'pium,  Napy,  Common  Black  Muttard, 
(F.)  Moutarde  noire,  Sinevi,  Sanve.  Family, 
Cruoiferse.  Sex.  Syet.  Tetradynamia  SiHquosa. 
The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when  entire;  but,  when 
braised,  the  odour  is  very  pungent;  taste  bitterish 
and  acrid.   They  yield  their  virtues  to  water,  and 


afford  a  bland  oil  by  expression.  The  seeds  an 
stimulant*  diuretic,  emetic,  and  rubefacient  They 
are  sometimes  reoommended  to  be  swallowed 
whole,  'in  dyspepsia,  torpor  of  the  bowels,  Ac 
Externally,  they  are  applied  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm.   See  Sinapism. 

Sinapis  Alba,  &  foKo'ea,  Bonannia  offidna'lit, 
White  Muttard,  Napue  Leucotina'pis,  is  also  used 
medicinally.  It  is  somewhat  less  pungent  than 
the  black.  The  distilled  oil— O^um  Sinapie-— is 
a  powerful  stimulant  and  rubefacient 

Whitehead?*  E**ence  of  Muttard  consists  of  oil 
of  turpentine,  camphor,  and  a  portion  of  epirit  of 
Boeemary :  to  which  is  added  a  small  quantity 
of  flour  of  mu*tara\  It  is  a  celebrated  embroca- 
tion for  rheumatism,  Ac 

Whitehead'*  E fence  of  Muttard  Pill*  consist 
of  yellow  reein  and  baUam  of  tolu  enough  to 
make  into  pills. 

Mu*tard  Whey  is  made  by  taking  bruised  mut- 
tard teede  £sb,  and  milk  Oj.  Boil  together  until 
the  milk  is  curdled,  and  strain. 

This  whey  is  used  in  dropsy. 

Sinapis  Abyen'sis,  S.  Timoria,na,  Charloekp 
Wild  Muttard,  has  the  seeds  sometimes  substi- 
tuted for  black  mustard. 

Sinapis  Cbr'nua,  Sinapis  —  s.  Eruoa,  Brsssica 
eruea — s.  Foliosa,  S.  alba— a.  Oliveriana,  Sinapis 
— s.  Tamoriana,  S.  arvensis — a.  Tuberoea,  Bras- 
sica  rapa. 

BINAPISIS,  Bole  Armenian. 

SIN'APISM,  Sinapie'mue,  from  etvawt, '  mus- 
tard.' A  cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the 
basis,  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 
acting  as  a  counter-irritant  It  is  prepared  by 
mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together  to 
the  due  consistence.    See  Cataplasm  a  sinapis. 

BIN'CJPUT,  Sincipital  Region,  Bregma,  Syn'- 
eiput,  Metocra'nium,  Meeoc'ranum,  Hemieepha- 
let'um,  Hemieephal'ium,  Hemieeph'alum ;  the  top 
of  the  head.  The  French  use  it  synonymously 
with  vertex.  By  some  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal 
region  or  fore-part  of  the  oranium.  The  parietal 
bones  have  been  called  tincipital  bone*,  Ota  *in- 
cip'iti*,  (F.)  Ot  du  einciput. 

SINDON,  eiv&uy,  very  fine  linen.  A  small 
piece  of  rag,  or  a  round  pledget,  supported  by  a 
thread  at  its  middle,  and  introduced  into  the 
opening  in  the  cranium  made  by  the  trephine. 

SINEW,  Tendon. 

SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OINTMENT  is 
formed  of  eulphuret  of  areenie  (realgar,)  and  lard 
OT  tpermaceti  ointment. 

SlNGULT'OUS,  Lygmo'dee,  Lygo'dee,  Lyngo'- 
dee,  Lynggo'det;  from  Singultus,  'hiccough.'  Re- 
lating to  or  affected  with  hiccough. 

SINGULTUS,  Lynx,  Lygmut,  Spatmolyg'mut, 
Clonut  eingul'tu*,  Pneueie  *ingul'tu*,  Hiccough, 
Hiccup,  (F.)  Hoquet.  A  noise  made  by  the  sud- 
den and  involuntary  contraction  of  the  diaphragm, 
and  the  simultaneous  contraction  of  the  glottis, 
which  arrests  the  air  in  the  trachea.  It  is  a 
symptom  of  many  morbid  conditions,  and  espe- 
cially of  gangrene,  but  occurs,  frequently,  in  per- 
sons otherwise  in  good  health. 

SIN'ISTRAD,  from  nnieter,  '  to  the  left  hand.' 
A  term  used  by  Dr.  Barclay,  adverbially,  to  sig- 
nify 'towards  the  sinistral  aspect'    See  MesiaL 

SINISTRAL  ASPECT,  see  MesiaL 

SINUEUX,  Sinuous. 

SINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 

SIN'UOUS,  Sinuo'eut,  (F.)  Sinueux,  from  tinut, 
'a  bay  or  curve.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
ulcers,  and  especially  to  certain  natal®,  which 
are  tortuous. 

SINUS,  Sinut/eitae,  Colpoe,  Abecon'rio,  Eury- 
clu/ria,  Reeee'eu*,  (F.)  Qolfe.  Any  cavity,  th* 
interior  of  which  is  more  expanded  than  the  en- 


SINUS 


790 


SIKHS 


trance.  In  this  flense,  anatomists  have  applied 
the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  bones  of  the  head 
and  face.  It  has  been,  also,  applied  to  certain 
Tenons  canals,  into  which  a  number  of  vessels 
empty  themselves;  such  as  the  sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater  and  of  the  spine;  the  sinus  of  the  vena 
porta;  uterine  sinuses,  Ac ; — and  to  the  bosom. 

In  surgery,  it  means  a  long,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased  bone, 
Ac,  (F.)  Clapier. 

Sinuses  of  bones  form  part  of  the  nasal  cavities. 
They  are  the  frontal,  sphenoidal,  maxillary,  Ac. 
The  name  has  also  been  given,  occasionally,  to 
the, ethmoid  and  mastoid  cells. 

Sinus  Acusticus,  Auditory  canal,  internal  — 
s.  Ampullaceus,  Cavitas  elliptica — s.  Aortici,  Si- 
nuses of  Valsalva — s.  Arteriosus,  S.  pulmonalis — 
s.  Basilar,  Sinus  transversus — s.  Cavemeux,  Caver- 
nous sinus — s.  Cavernosi  uteri,  Sinus  uterini — s. 
Cavernosus,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Cerebri,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  brain — s.  Chordidien,  S.  quartus — 
s.  Circular,  of  Ridley,  Sinus  ooronarius  —  s.  Cir- 
cularis,  S.  coronarius — s.  Coronaire  du  coeur,  see 
Cardiac  veins. 

Six  us  Corona'rius,  Sinus  circula'ris,  S.  circu- 
la'ris Ridleyi,  Circular  $intu  of  Ridley,  Cor'onary 
sinus.  A  venous  canal,  which  surrounds,  in  a 
more  or  less  regular  manner,  the  pituitary  fossa 
and  gland,  emptying  itself  into  the  corresponding 
cavernous  sinus  by  each  of  its  extremities. 

Sinus,  Coronary,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Coro- 
nary of  the  heart,  Sinus  coronary,  venous. 

Sinus  Coronary,  Venous,  Coronary  sinus  of 
the  heart.  A  name  given,  on  account  of  its  great 
sizo,  to  that  portion  of  the  great  coronary  vein 
which  embraces  the  left  auriculo-ventricular  fur- 
row. 

Sinus  Coxje,  see  Cotyloid — s.  Droit,  S.  quartus. 

Sinus  Dexter  Cordis,  Sinus  vena' rum  cava'- 
rum,  S.  veno'sus,  Saccus  vena' rum  cava' rum.  The 
right  auricle  of  the  heart :  —  A'triunx  cordis  dex- 
(rum.    See  Auricula. 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater,  Sinus  sen  Fis- 
tula* seu  Cavita'tes  seu  Ventric'uli  seu  Tu'bulx 
seu  Sanguidnc'tus  seu  Receptac'ula  Dura  matris, 
are  formed  by  a  separation  of  the  layers  of  the 
dura  mater,  which  acts  as  a  substitute  for  the 
outer  membrane  of  veins.  Biohat  admits  only 
four  great  sinuses,  of  which  all  the  others  seem 
to  be  dependencies; — the  two  lateral  sinuses,  the 
straight  sinus,  and  the  longitudinal  sinus.  To 
the  lateral  sinuses  belong,  —  the  petrous  sinuses, 
superior  and  inferior;  the  transverse  sinus/  the 
cavernous  sinuses;  the  coronary  sinus,  and  the 
occipital  sinuses.  To  the  straight  sinus  belongs 
the  inferior  longitudinal.  The  longitudinal  sinus, 
properly  so  called,  has  no  sinus  under  its  depend- 
ence. 

Sinus  Falciformis  Inferior,  S.  longitudinal, 
inferior — s.  Falciform  is  superior,  S.  longitudinal, 
superior — s.  Fourth,  Torcular  Herophili — s.  QensB 

{tituitarius,  Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  of  the  Jugu- 
ar  vein,  see  Jugular  veins  —  s.  Lacrymalis,  La- 
chrymal sac 

Sinuses  of  the  Larynx,  Ventricles  of  the 
larynx. 

Sinuses,  Lat'bral,  Sinus  transver'si,  S.  magni, 
S.  latera'les,  (F.)  Sinus  latiraux.  Each  of  these 
sinuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  loft,  begins 
at  the  torcular  Herophili,  or  confluence  of  the 
sinuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of  the  jugular 
vein.  , 

SINUS  LATJSRAUX,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinuses,  Lonoitu'oinal,  S.  Longitudina'Us. 
These  are  two  in  number.  1.  Superior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  S.  falcifor'mis  superior,  S.  trian- 
gula'ris,  Sinus  midian,  (Ch.)  A  long,  triangular 
canal;  convex  above,  ooneave  below;  which  oc- 


cupies the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  tti 
cerebri.  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much  sim«e 
before,  where  it  commences  by  a  cvl-dt-*#.  * 
the  cristi  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  It  ]*&* 
along  the  frontal  or  coronal  crest,  sagittal  furae, 
and  the  vertical  groove  of  the  occipital  bant  Is 
receives  several  veins  from  the  dura  mater;  e^ 
all  those  that  are  spread  over  the  conrei  sJ 
plain  surfaces  of  the  two  hemispheres  d  & 
'brain.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  tippr  tk? 
of  the  torcular  Herophili.  2.  brsuot  I^c- 
TUDINAL  SlNUS,  Sinus  falcifor'mis  inftrkr.  I  ■* 
folds  cerebri.  This  is  much  narrower  that  * 
last,  and  occupies  the  inferior  edge  of  ti-  ii 
cerebri,  from  its  anterior  third  to  the  ter««s 
cerebelli,  where  it  terminates,  commonly  h  x 
branches,  in  the  straight  sinus. 

Sinus  Magni,  Sinuses,  lateral— a  Ma v"^ 
Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  Midian,  BiewS'-" 
tudinal  superior  —  s.  Median,  see  Semiar.^ 
canals  —  s.  Muliebris,  Vagina. 

Sinus,  Occip'ital,  Sinus  oeetpitoVk  E* 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  fens* 
magnum  ossis  occipitis,  and  ascend— b*\*-* 
broader  and  nearer  each  other— into  th*  in- 
stance of  the  falx  cerebelli,  where  they  frqsi " 
unite.  Each  opens  into  the  inferior  pert  :- 
torcular  Herophili.  They  receive  the  xtz* 
the  falx  cerebelli,  of  the  dura  mater  wfeicb  ^ 
the  fossae  cerebelli,  and  of  the  posterior  par 
the  cerebellum.  Haller  and  SeEunflic?  k,J 
given  them  the  name  of  posterior  oertpifti ».'  - 
to  distinguish  them  from  the  transverse  f& 
which  they  have  called  anterior  oeeipitd  *'«* 

Sinus  Occipitalis  Anterior,  Sinus  tra^' 
bus — s.  Ophthalmic,  see  Cavernous  shnw— *■< ' 
pendicularis,  S.  quartus  —  s.  Pitoitarii  fr  *-^ 
Frontal  sinuses  —  s.  Pocnlaris,  see  Ejact-*'? 
ducts — s.  Polymorphus,  Cavernous  ainns— *•  1 "' 
tarum,  see  Liver. 

Sinus,  Prostatic,  Sinns  prostatic**.  *  * ** 
on  each  side  of  the  verumontanum,  in *&-- *" 
seen  the  numerous  openings  of  the  duets  @*  -' 
prostate. 

Sinus  Pudendi,  Vagina  —  a,  PndoriO'1*21 
Vulva. 

Sinus  Pulmonalrs,  Sinuses  of  Yakalf* 

Sinus  Pulmona'lis,  &  sinis'ter  eoraW"  * 
cordis  sinis'trum,  S.  vena* rum  jHrfnoaw'/ie*^' 
arterio'sus,  Saccus  vena' rum  pulnumaHism.  ** 
left  auricle  of  the  heart.     See  Auricula.      ,  x 

Sinus  op  the  Pulmonart  Veixb,  Aariefe.  •• 

Sinus  Quartus,  S.  perpendicula'ri*,  (f '■' V" 
chordidien  (Ch.),  Sinus  droit,  Straight  «w*  ^ 
sinus — triangular  throughout;  wide  pesiw-"' 
narrower  anteriorly;  slightly  oblique  dc«»»': 
and  backwards — passes  along  the  base  *f  £\*J 
cerebri,  from  the  termination  of  the  fflfrn-y* 
gitudinal  sinus  to  the  torcular  Herophili  B  ~ 
oeives  the  inferior  longitudinal  shins,  tie  ** 
of  the  lateral  ventricles  or  venm  Galsni,  &  *?" 
rior  cerebellous  veins,  Ac. 

Sinus  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kioaey-**** 
boideus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain— *• lI  :.' 
Septum  lucidum,  Ventricle,  fifth— «.  SinLntf  • 
dis,  S.  pulmonalis  —  8.  Sphenoidal!*.  ftTft^" 
sinus — s.  Straight,  S.  quartus  —  &  Saperrs*"s 
Frontal  sinuses — s.  Terminalis,  Circata  ^** 
— s.  Transversi,  Sinuses,  lateral.  ,   . 

Sinus  Transver'scs,  S.  oceipita'fo  **"~ 
Bas'ilar  sinus.  This  sinus  lies  tracf"**.'; 
the  anterior  part  of  the  basilary  proca*  '*  ~ 
oocipital  bone.  It  forms  a  oommi»iea&>e  ^ 
tween  the  two  petrous  sinuses,  and  the  «T<ff. 
sinus  of  one  side,  and  those  of  the  °^V^ 
breadth  is  commonly  very  great  Ii  ***! 
between  two  layers  of  the  dura  mater.  *■*  P* 
sents,  internally,  a  kind  of  cavernosa  to*** 


SIPKERI    ' 


791 


SIUM 


Sinus  Triangularis,  S.  longitudinal,  superior 
— e.  Urogeni  talis,  Urogenital  sinus. 

Sinus  Uteri'ni,  Sinus  cavemo'si  Uteri,  Ute- 
rine sinuses.  A  name  given  to  cavities,  formed 
by  the  uterine  veins  in  the  substance  of  the  uterine 
parietes.    Thej  are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

Sinus  Utriculosus,  see  Semicircular  oanals — 
a.  det  Vaisseaux  siminiferes,  Corpus  Highmori. 

Sinuses  of  Valsal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta — Sinus  aor'tici — and  pulmonary  ar- 
tery—  Sin  hi  pulmona'les — immediately  opposite 
the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to  leave  the 
edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  they  can  be 
caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where  the  aorta 
is  about  to  send  off  the  first  of  its  large  branches, 
at  the  top  of  the  thorax,  it  is  of  great  size,  and 
has  been  called  the  Large  sinus  of  Valsalva, 

Snrus  of  the  Vena  Cava,  Auricle,  right  —  8. 
Venarum  cavarum,  S.  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum 
pulmonaliuin,  S.  pulmonalis — s.  Venosus,  S.  dex- 
ter cordis. 

Si'nuseb,  Ver'tebral,  (F.)  Sinus  vertSbraux. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those  of 
the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  vertebral  canal,  from  the  occipital  foramen 
to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebra,  before  the  dura  mater,  and  at  the  sides 
of  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament.  At  their  in- 
ner Bide  they  communicate  with  each  other  by 
means  of  branches,  which  form  true  transverse 
sinuses.  They  are  situate  at  the  middle  of  the 
body  of  each  vertebra,  passing  under  the  posterior 
vertebral  ligament.  They  receive,  at  their  mid- 
dle part,  the  veins  that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  vertebrae.  By  their  external  side,  the  ver- 
tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior 
branches  of  the' vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lum- 
bar veins.  At  their  posterior  side  they  receive 
the  veins,  which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  that  envelops  the  marrow. 

Sinus  Vulvae,  Rima  vulvae. 

SIPEERI,  Bebeeru. 

SIPEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

SIPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SIPHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPHITA,  Somnambulism— s.  Parva,  Chorea. 

SIPHO,  Siphon— s.  Urinoe,  Diabetes. 

SIPHON,  Sipho,  oifov,  'a  tube/  A  bent  tube, 
whose  limbs  are  of  unequal  length,  employed  in 
pharmacy  for  transferring  liquids  from  one  vessel 
to  another.  With  this  view,  the  shorter  limb  is 
plunged  into  the  fluid ;  and  air  is  sucked  from 
the  extremity  of  the  lower  limb.  The  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  forces  the  fluid  through  the 
tube;  and  the  flow  will  continue  as  long  as  the 
extremity  of  the  longer  limb  is  below  the  level 
of  the  fluid  in  which  the  shorter  limb  is  immersed. 

An  exhausting  syringe  is,  at  times,  attached  to 
the  longer  extremity  of  the  siphon  by  means  of 
which  the  air  can  be  drawn  from  it 

Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument,  used  in 
pharmacy  for  obtaining  a  specimen,— at  times,  a 
measured  specimen,  —  of  any  liquid.  With  this 
view,  the  instrument  is  immersed  into  liquid,  and 
allowed  to  remain  there  until  full.  •  The  opening 
at  the  top  is  then  closed  with  the  thumb ;  and 
the  contents,  thus  removed,  are  allowed  to  flow 
out  by  removing  the  thumb  and  permitting  the 
entrance  of  air.    It  is  a  form  of  the  pipette. 

SIPHONIA  CAHUCHU,  see  Caoutchouc— s. 
Slastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPHUNCULUS,  Syringe. 

BIRA,  Orpiraent 

SIRENS,  Symmeles. 

SIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil,  Insolation,  Phre- 
nitis  —  s.  JEgyptiaca,  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SIRIUM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album. 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 


SIROP  DE  CAPILLAIRE,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  a.  de  Coralline,  see  Corallina 
Corsicana. 

SIRUP,  Syrup. 

SISON  AMMI,  JEthu'sa  ammi,  Cnid'ium  tenui- 
folium,  Pimpinella  laterifo'lia,  Ses'eli  fomiculi- 
fo'lium.  Family,  Umbellifene.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  affords  the 
Ammi  verum  of  the  shops ;  (F.)  Ammi  des  Bou- 
tiques, The  seeds  —  Semen  Am'mios  eretici  seu 
vert  —  were  once  used  as  a  carminative. 

Sison  Amo'mum,  (F.)  Amome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  the  field 
honewort. 

Sison  Anisum,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  s.  Poda- 
graria,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SISTENS,  Epischeticus. 

SISYMBRIUM  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria—  s.  Bar- 
barea,  Erysimum  barbarea — s.  Erucastrum,  Bras* 
sica  eruca — s.  Menthastrum,  Mentha  aquatica. 

Sisymbrium  Nastur'tium,  Nasturtium  aquat'- 
icum  seu  ojficina'li,  Later  odora'tum,  Cratcva'- 
sium,  Cressi,  Cardami'ni  fonta'na  seu  nastur'tium, 
Water  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontaine.  Family, 
Cruciferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Tctradynamia  Siliquosa. 
Water-cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad.  They 
have  obtained  a  place  in  the  materia  medica  for 
their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum  —  s.  Par- 
viflorum,  S.  sophia. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S.  parviflo'rum,  Herb 
Sophia,  Sophia  Chirurgo'rum,  Flix  or  Flux-weed, 
(F.)  Sagesse  des  Chirurgiens.  It  was  once  re- 
puted to  be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hyste- 
rical affections.    It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  of  Nasturtium,  as  N.  Palus'trB, 
Marsh  teater-eress ;  and  N.  amphib'ium,  Water- 
radish,  possess  similar  virtues  with  Nasturtium 
officinale. 

SISYRIN'CHIUM  BERMUDIA'NUM,  Blue- 
eyed  grass,  Lilv  grass,  Physic  grass,  Scurvy  grass/ 
indigenous;  Order,  Iridacese;  flowering  from 
June  to  August  Used  as  a  cathartic  by  the 
Thompsonians.  A  decoction  of  the  root  is  acrid 
and  cathartic. 

SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes,  see  Alterative. 

SITIENS,  Dipsodes. 

SITIS,  Thirst  — s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia  —  s. 
Morbosa,  Polydipsia. 

SITKA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  See  Arch- 
angel,  New,  mineral  waters  of. 

SITOS,  Aliment 

SITUS  ANOMALUS  seu  PERVERSUS  IN- 
TESTINORUM,  Splanchnectopia  —  s.  Mutatus, 
see  Monster.    • 

SITZBATH,  see  Bath,  half. 

SIUM,  Stum  nodijio'rum  seu  angustifo'lium  seu 
Ber'ula  seu  eree'tum  seu  inex'sum,  A'pium  sium, 
Ber'tda  angnsti/o'lia,  Ber'ula,  Creeping  Water- 
parsnep,  (F.)  Berle  nodijlore.  Family,  Umbelli- 
feree.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  It  is  sti- 
mulant, and  supposed  to  be  diuretic  and  lithon- 
triptio.  It  is,  sometimes,  employed  in  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Sium  Anoustifolium,  S.  nodiflorum — a.  Apium, 
Apium  graveolens — s.  Berula,  S.  nodiflorum — s. 
Bulbocastanuin,  Bunium  bulbocastanum  — s.  Car- 
vi,  Carum — s.  E rectum,  S.  nodiflorum — e.  Grave- 
olens, Apium  graveolens  —  s.  Incisum,  S.  nodi- 
florum. 

Sium  Latifo'lium  is  the  common  Water-par- 
snep  of  the  United  States.  It  is  said  to  be  poi- 
sonous. 

Sium  Ninsi.  The  plant  whose  root  is  called 
Radix  Ninsi,  Ninzin,  Nindsin.  This  root  wat 
long  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and  if 
possesses  similar,  though  weaker  properties, 

Sium  Silaus,  Peucedanum  silaus. 


8IWENS 


792 


BMILAX 


Siuv  Sia'ARUM,  Skirret,  is  used  as  a  salad  in 
Europe ;  and  has  been  supposed  a  useful  diet  in 
chest  affections. 

Si  cm  Vulgaris,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SIVVENS,  Sibbens. 

6KELETIA,  Emaciation. 

BKELETOL'OGY,  Sceletolog"ia,  (P.)  Squelet- 
tologie,  from  vnXtros,  *  a  skeleton/  and  Xoyos,  *  a 
discourse.1  A  treatise  on  the  solid  parts  of  the 
body.  This  part  of  anatomy  comprehends  Otte- 
ology  and  Syndeemology. 

SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum,  from  extXcros,  Co- 
darter  exeicca'tum;  (F.)  Sauelette,  Seeleton,  a 
dried  body;  from  <r*iAA«,  'I  dry.'  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  hard  parts  of;  the  body,  or  the  bones. 
A  skeleton  is  found  in  almost  all  animals,  al- 
though it  may  not  always  be  formed  in  the  same 
manner.  In  some,  as  in  the  Crustacea  and  tes- 
tacea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly  external,  Bxo-ekeleton, 
Dermo-theleton.  In  others,  as  in  birds,  the  mam- 
malia, Ac,  it  is  internal,  Endo-ekeleton,  Newro- 
ekeleton.  It  serves  as  a  support  for  other  organs. 
On  it  the  general  shape  of  the  body  and  of  its 
various  parts  is  greatly  dependent.  When  the 
bones  are  united  by  their  natural  ligaments,  the 
skeleton  is  said  to  be  natural,  Scel'etum  natura'U; 
when  articulated  by  means  of  wires,  artificial, 
Scel'etum  artifieia'H* 

SKELETOPCE'IA,  $celetopce'a,  Sccleteu'eie, 
from  vKtXtTos,  '  a  skeleton,'  and  wottu,  *  I  make/ 
The  part  of  practical  anatomy  which  treats  of 
the  preparation  of  bones,  and  the  construction 
of  skeletons.  Bones  are  prepared  to  exhibit  their 
conformation,  structure,  chymical  composition, 
mode  of  development,  and  changes ;  the  different 
cavities  formed  by  the  union ;  and  to  demonstrate 
their  connexions,  relatione,  modes  of  union,  Ac. 

SKEVISCH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SKEVISH,  FLEABANE,  Erigeron  Philadel- 
phicum. 

SKIN,  Cutis. 

SKIN-BOUND  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

SKIOMACHIA,  Soiomachy. 

SKIRRET,  Sium  sisarum. 

SKfRSE,  Scirrhus. 

SKOKE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

6KOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS,  Geof- 
frsea  vennifuga. 

SKUE-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKULL,  Cranium. 

8KULL-CAP.Calvaria,Scutellariagalericulata. 

SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

SKUNK-WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

SLATE,  IRISH,  Hibemicus  lapis. 

SLATERS,  Onisci  aselli. 

SLATKAIA  TRAVA,  see  Spirit 

SLAVERING,  from  ealiva.  Ptyalis'mut  inert, 
Driv'elling,  (F.)  Bare.  Involuntary  flow  of  sa- 
liva, from  sluggishness  of  deglutition,  without  in- 
creased secretion.  It  is  seen  in  the  infant,  the 
aged,  and  the  idiot 

SLEEP,  Sax.  rlep;  Somntu,  Sompnus,  Sopor, 
permit*' to,  Hvpnoe,  (F.)  SommeiL  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  objects. 
A  repose  of  the  organs  of  sense,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  Quitting  this  condition  is  called 
awaking,  (Y.)Evigilution,  Reveil.  Sometimes  this 
is  progressive  and  natural ;  at  others,  sudden  and 
starting ;  (F.)  Reveil  en  eureant, — as  in  nightmare, 
affections  of  the  heart  hypochondriasis,  Ac 

Sleep,  Magnetic,  Hypno'eie  biomagnet'iea,  is 
the  sleep  induced  by  the  so  called  animal  mag- 
netism.   See  Magnetism,  animal. 

Slbsp,  Nmrvous,  see  Magnetism,  anlmaL 

SLEEPLESSNESS,  Insomnia. 


SLEEP-WALKING,  SomnanOmBsm. 

SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  6B» 
is  a  favourite  bathing-place  in  Hungary,  a  fcw 
miles  from  Neusohl.  Some  of  the  wsten  m 
cold;  others,  thermal :  the  former  are  ctrtautri 
ohalybeates  ,*  the  latter  are  much  wed  n  tk 
same  cases  as  thermal  springs  in  general. 

SLING,  (G.)  Schlinge,  MiteTla,  JOT** 
A  bandage  employed  to  keep  the  forearm  bent  * 
the  arm,  in  eases  of  injury  done  to  those  pam, 
in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury  of  the  bis^ 
Ac.  A  handkerchief  is  often  sufficiest  for  t» 
purpose.  It  must  be  folded  diagonally,  aid  at 
tied,  by  the  extremities,  round  the  neck.  Ik 
French  surgeons  have  used  many  ramus  rf 
jScharpee  or  elinge;  as  the  Grande  IchetrftyEA** 
moyenne,  Petite  tcharpe,  Mcharpe  de  J.  L  h 
tit  Ac 

SLIPPERS,  Impatiens. 

SLIT  AND  TAIL  BANDAGE,  hvapiri 
bandage. 

SLOE-TREE,  Prunus  spinoaa, 

SLOUGH,  Eschar. 

SLOWS,  Milk-sickness. 

SLUG,  Limax  —  s.  Sea,  Biehe  de  Met. 

SLUMBER,  Somnolency. 

8MALLAGE,  Apiura  graveolens. 

SMALL-POX,  Variola— s.  Modified,  YamU 

SMALT,  Protoxide  of  Cobalt,  Smatom.  *V 
Axur,  Blue  Starch.  This  oxyd  has  beet  gi«a  a 
rheumatism,  in  the  dose  of  ten  to  twenty  p«* 
A  larger  quantity  excites  vomiting. 

SMARAG'DUS,  (F.)  Emarande.  Tbe< 
It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  tonic. 

SMARTWEED,  Polygonum  punetstvm. 

8MECTICA,  Detergents. 

SMECTIS,  Cimolia  terra. 

SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 

SMEGMA,  spwic,  from  «pvxnr,  'to*^;' 
rub  off.'  Soap,  grease,  a  salve,  a  liniment  X* 
the  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  foUkta  d  P 
skin. 

Smkoma  Articular*,  Synovia— a  Cias* 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

Smegma  Prjepu'tii.  The  fatty  seattan  ft* 
the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  glans  peril. 

SMEGMATORRHCEA,  Stearrhtta. 

SMEGMORRHOBA,  Stearrhota. 

SMELL,  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction. 

SMELLING,  Olfaction.  _„ 

SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR  ^ 
EYES,  Ceratum  resinss. 

SMILAX,  Tains  baccate— s.  AsperaCte* 
sis,  Smilax  China — s.  Aapera  Peruviana,  t^ 
sarsaparilla— s.  Canellaefolia,  S.  pseudo-ft  st 

Smilax  Chiva,  Smilax  ae'pera  O'**/* 
Family,  Smilacese.  Sex,  Sytt.  Diocia  H«at» 
The  root — Chitin,  CJL  orienta'lies**?*"** 
seu  vera,  Sankira,  Qauquara,  Chi—rvA  { 
Squine,  Eequine.  Formerly  much  used  a^ 
neons  and  venereal  affections. 

Smilax  Glauca,  S.  sarsaparilla— *  He^**' 
11a,  S.  pseudo-China— s.  Indica  Spino**'* 
pseudo-China— s.  Officinalis,  Smilax  amp*  ' 

Smilax  Pseudo-Chika,  Smilax  fo'du*  ': 
fa  sen  canellafo'lia  sen  htder^fo'tia,  CI** ■  r 
denta'lia,  China  epu'ria  nod*'**,  JawM*  * 
Weet  India  China.  In  scrofulous  d****^ 
root  has  been  often  preferred  to  the  onectait* 
In  other  cases,  it  possesses  similar  vim*  . 

Smilax  Sahsaparil'la,  &  ojieime'l"**'* 
ca,  Sareaparil'la,  SartapariTl*,  Smilv  *!? 
Peruvia'na,  Sana,  Sana,  CbvmkWtft ''"  ~ 
can' go,  MacapaUi,  Zona,  Zar*ap*riri:<t  -^ 
eepareUle.  The  root  of  the  Sartaparilb  if  aw* 
ous ;  taste  bitterish,  feculaceous,  end  ibr*  ' 
a  dark  colour  externally;  white  witbi*  JJ 


SMILB 


798 


BOBA 


possessed  of  dinretio  and  demulcent  properties, 
and  hat  been  often  employed  in  the  sequelsa  of 
syphilid  j  when,  after  a  mercurial  course,  noc- 
turnal pains,  ulceration,  Ac,  continue.  It  has, 
also,  been  advised  in  scrofula,  ohronie  rheuma- 
tism, Ac. ;  but  its  efficacy  is,  to  say  the  least  of 
it,  a  matter  of  doubt  Dote,  Qj  to  33  of  the 
powder. 

SMILE,  cfuXti.  A  curved,  two-edged  bistoury. 
A  knife. 

8MILEON,  ScalpeL 

SMYRNA,  Myrrha. 

SMYRNISMOS,  Embalming. 

SMYR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,^»/>poteW'ntim, 
Smyr'nium,  Macero'na,  Macedonisfium,  Herba 
Akxandri'na,  Qri'elum,  Agrioscli'num,  Alexan- 
der*, Alsanders.  A  plant  formerly  cultivated  for 
culinary  purposes.  The  seeds  are  bitter  and  aro- 
matic, and  the  roots  more  powerfully  bitter. 
They  have  been  recommended  as  resolvents,  diu- 
retics, emmenagogues,  Ac. 

SNAGREL,  Aristolochia  serpen taria. 

SNAIL,  Limax  — s.  Shell,  Cochlea. 

SNAKEHEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 

SNAKEROOT,  Garuleum  bipinnatum  —  1. 
Birth  wort)  Aristolochia  serpen  taria — s.  Black, 
Actaoa  raoemosa,  Sanieula  Marilandica  —  s. 
Button,  Eryngium   aquaticum,   Liatris  spicata 

—  s.  Canada,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Dewitt, 
Prenanthes  —  s.  Evergreen,  Polygala  pauoifolia 

—  8.  Heart,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Virginiana, 
Aristolochia  serpen  taria — s.  White,  Eupatoriom 
ageratoides. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  sorpentaria,  He 
lenium  autumnale,  Polygonum  bistorta — s.  Ame- 
rican, Cicuta  masculata. 

SNEEZING,  from  Sax.  nlefan,  (G.)  Niesen, 
Clonus  Stemuta'tio,  Stemuta'tio,  Sternutamen'- 
*um,  Sternumen'tum,  Ptarmos,  (F.)  Eternuement. 
A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expiratory  muscles, 
by  which  the  air  is  driven  rapidly,  and  rushes 
sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fosses,  carrying 
with  it  the  mucus  and  foreign  bodies,  which  ad- 
here to  the  pituitary  membrane,  and  have  occa- 
sioned the  movement. 

SNEEZE  WORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Helenium 
autumnale. 

SNORING,  RhenchuM,Rhenzis,Ronchus,Rhon- 
chus,  Stertor,  Renchus,  (P.)  Ronflement,  from  (G.) 
Scharnen.  Noise  made  in  the  posterior  part 
of  the  mouth  and  nasal  fossa)  during  the  move- 
ments of  inspiration,  particularly  in  sleep,  both 
when  the  person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease,  as 
in  apoplexy.  In  certain  affections  of  the  chest — 
in  some  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  —  a  kind  of 
snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  applying  the 
ear  or  the  stethoscope  to  the  chest 

SNOT,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOUT,  Nasus. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rnaf,  Nix,  Chion,  (P.)  Neige. 
Water  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally 
as  a  tonic  and  discutient 

SNOWBALL,  Cephalanthus  oceidentalis. 

SNOWBERRY,  Symphoricarpus  raoemosus. 

SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis  asari  oompositus. 

SNUFFLES,  Tent  Snuffeln,  Grave' do  ne- 
onatorum, Rhinan'gia,  Rhinanch'oni.  Breathing 
hard  through  the  nose,  often  owing  to  accumula- 
tion of  the  mucous  secretions, — an  affeotion  to 
which  infants  are  liable,  and  which  is  relieved  by 
oiling  the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 

SOAP,  Sapo  —  s.  Acid,  see  Sapo — s.  Berries, 
Sapindus  saponaria — s.  Black,  see  Sapo— s.  Cas- 
tile, Sapo  durus  —  8.  of  the  Cocoa-nut  oil,  see 
Sapo  —  s.  Common  or  soft,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Liquid, 
tee  Sapo  —  s.  Medicinal,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Spanish, 
Sapo  durus  —  s.  Yellow,  see  Sapo. 


SOAPWORT,  Saponaria. 

SOB,  from  Sax.  reofian.  'to  grieve;'  (P.)  San- 
glot.  A  spasmodic,  sudden,  and  momentary 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  relaxation,  by  which  the  little  air,  that 
the  contraction  has  caused  to  enter  the  ohest,  it 
driven  out  with  noise.  It  is  an  evidence  of  cor- 
poreal or  mental  suffering. 

SOBOLES,  Epigone. 

SOBRIETAS,  Temperance. 

SOCIA  PAROTIDIS,  tee  Parotid. 

SOCI'ETY,  Soei'm^(V.)  Sociiti,  from  soeiare, 
'  to  associate.'  An  association  for  the  promotion 
of  some  common  object 

Societies,  Medical.  Associations  of  medical 
gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science  have  been 
numerous,  and  productive  of  valuable  results. 
In  the  United  States,  societies  exist  in  many  of 
the  states,  possessing  the  power  of  examining 
into  the  qualifications  of  every  one  who  may  be 
desirous  of  practising  within  their  particular  ju- 
risdiction. In  some  of  the  states,  however,  the 
qualified  and  unqualified  are  permitted  to  exer- 
cise their  profession  with  equal  privileges  and 
immunities. 

Amongst  the  medical  associations  that  have 
issued  from  time  to  time  useful  transactions  or 
publications,  are  the  following:  In  America, — 
The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society;  the  Phy- 
sico-medical,  and  Medical  Societies  of  the  Stat* 
of  New  York;  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation. In  Europe,  —  The  Association  of 
Fellows  and  Licentiates  of  the  Kino's  and 
Queen's  College  of  Physicians  of  Ireland;  'the 
Mcdico-Chirurgical  and  Phrenological  Societies, 
of  Edinburgh;  the  College  of  Physicians,  the 
Medico-Chirurgical,  the  Medical  and  the  Syden- 
ham Societies  of  London;  the  Associated  Apothe- 
caries and  Surgeon  Apothecaries  of  England  and 
Wales,  and  the  Provincial  Medical  ana  Surgical 
Association  ;  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery,  the 
Royal  Society  of  Medicine,  the  Soeiitt  Midicale 
d' Emulation,  the  Soeiiti  de  Mtdecine,  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Medicine,  and  the  Sociiti  Midicals 
d' Observation,  of  Paris;  the  Midico-Chirurgical 
Academy  of  Vienna;  the  Medical  Societies  of 
Berlin  and  Copenhagen,  Ac,  Ac.  In  Asia.— 
The  Medical  and  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  contained 
in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  ;  of  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London,  Edinburgh,  OUttingen,  Ac ;  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris;  the  Imperial 
Society  of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg;  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Turin;  the  Aeademia 
Imperialis  Leopoldina  Natures  Curiosorum,  Ac 

SOCORDIA,  Hallucination. 

SODA.  An  Arabic  word.  Protoxide  'of  so- 
dium, (F.)  Sonde,  it  obtained  by  adding  caustie 
lime  to  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda.  The 
soda  in  solution  may  be  obtained  by  evaporations 
as  hydrate  of  soda.  Its  action  is  like  that  of 
potassa ;  but  it  is  not  officinal. 

Soda  impu'ra,  Barilla,  Barig'lia,  BariVlor, 
Soda  Bispan'ica,  Ana'tron,  Natron,  Ana' ton, 
Nitrum  Antiquo'rum,  Kelp,  Aphroni'trum,  Sal 
alkali' nus  fixus  fos'silis,  Car'bonas  Sodm  im'pu- 
rus,  Subcar'bonae  Sodm  impuira,  Anachron.  The 
mineral  alkali  is  obtained  from  several  sources ; 
— naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants ;  and  from  the  de- 
composition of  sulphate  of  soda,  Ac  It  is  prin- 
cipally, however,  derived  from  plants  growing  on 
the  sea-coast;  —  as  the  Salso'la  sati'va,  S.  soda, 
S.  tragus,  Salicor'nia  herba' ceo,  Salicomia  AraV- 
ica,  Ac    The  Barilla  ashes  are  from  the  athtt 


SODA 


794 


SODA 


of  the  Salieor'nia  Europe' a  :  the  Kelp,  Soude  de 
Varecq,  from  the  Fueus  vesieulo'sus  and  other 
varieties ; — the  Turkey  Barilla,  Roquette,  Oendre 
du  Levant,  Rochet' ta  Alexandri'na,  from  the  Me- 
sembryan'themum  Cop'ticum; —  the  Al'icant  Ba- 
rilla, Soda  Alicanti'na,  S.  Alonen'sis,  from  the 
Mesembryan'themum  nodifio'rum  ; — and  the  Car- 
thage'na  Barilla,  from  the  Salicor'nia  and  Sal- 
•o'la. 

Impure  subcarbonate  of  soda,  (P.)  Soude  du 
commerce,  consists  of  snbcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  sodium,  clay  and  other  earthy 
substances.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  subcarbonate. 

Soda,  Cardiolgia,  Cephalalgia,  Pyrosis. 

Soda  Acbta'ta,  Soda  Actftas,  Ac" date  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia'ta  miner  a' lit,  (P.)  Acitate  de 
soude.  This  salt  is  used  in  similar  cases  with  the 
acetate  of  potass. 

Soda  Aerata,  Sodas  carbonas  —  s.  Alonensis, 
Soda  —  s.  Biborate  of,  Borax — s.  Bicarbonate  of, 
Sodss  carbonas — s.  Borate  of,  Borax — s.  Borax- 
ata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Car'bokate  of,  Soda  Car'bonas,  Car- 
bonas  Na'tricum,  Soda  Aera'ta,  Soda  Bicar*- 
bonas,  Bicarbonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  pro- 
tox'ide  of  So'dium,  (P.)  Carbonate  de  Soude, 
S.  effervescente,  S.  atrie,  S.  Crayextse.  (Soda 
subcarb,  tt>j,  aqua  destill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  and  pass  carbonic  acid 
through  the  solution;  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.) 
Its  use  is  the  same  as  the  subcarbonate,  than 
which  it  is  less  caustic,  ana  better  adapted  for 
effervescing  draughts. 

Soda  Cau'stica,  Protox'ide  of  So'dium,  Cane- 
tic  Soda,  (F.)  Soude  eaustique,  S.  d  la  Chaux, 
Soude  pure.  The  impure  subcarbonate,  treated 
by  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  its 
carbonic  acid.  It  may  be  used  as  a  caustic,  like 
the  Potassa  fusa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  does  not  deliquesce  and  run. 

Soda,  Chloride  of,  S.  Chlorina'ta,  Soda  CJdo'- 
ridum,  Chlo'rinated  Soda,  Natrum  Oxymuriat'- 
icum,  Soda  Chlorure'tum,  Oxymu'riate  of  Soda, 
(F.)  Chlorure  de  Soude,  Chlorure  d' oxide  de  So- 
dium. This  salt  is  used  as  a  disinfooting  agent; 
)J>oth  to  remove  offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and 
fo  alter  the  condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor 
Bodae  Chlorinate. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of — a. 
Hispanica,  Soda — 0.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

Soda,  Hyposulph'itb  of,  Soda  hypoeulph'ie, 
(P.)  Hypoeulfite  de  Soude.  This  salt  has  been 
lately  extolled  in  chronic  cutaneous,  and  scrofu- 
lous affections.     It  is  given  in  syrup. 

Soda,  Lithatb  of,  Urate  of  Boda — s.  Mephite 
of,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Mu'riate  of,  Soda  murias,  Soda  mu- 
ria'ta,  S.  muriat'iea,  Al'kali  miner  a' U  sali'num, 
Sal  commu'nis,  Sal  culina'rie,  Sal  fon'tium,  Sal 
gtmma,  Sal  mari'nns,  Natron  nutria' turn,  Sal 
albu9,  Natrum  muriat'icum,  Common  salt,  Sea 
salt,  Hydrochlo'rinas  Na'tricus,  Sal  fos' silis,  Sal 
lu'cidum,  3furia,  Rock  salt,  Bay  salt,  White  edit, 
Quadrichlo'ruret  of  Sodium,  Hydrochlo' rate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Hydroehlo'rate  of  Soda,  Chlo- 
rure'tum So'dii,  So'dii  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  So- 
dium, (F.)  Chlorure  de  Sodium,  Sel  marin,  Sel  de 
Cuisine.  In  an  impure  state,  this  salt  is  one  of 
de  most  abundant  of  natural  productions.  It 
is  soluble  in  3  parts  of  water,  and  is  tonic,  pur- 
gative, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  stimulant 
It  is  a  well-known  and  useful  culinary  substance. 

Soda,  Nitrate  of,  Soda  Nitras,  Natron  ni'- 
tricum,  Al'kali  minera'U  nitra'tum,  Nitrum  Cu'- 
,  Nitrate  of  protox'ide  of  Sodium,  Protoni'* 


trot*  of  Sodium,  Nitrum  Rhomboida'U,  Nkm 
Natricum,  Salpe'tra,  Cubic  Nitre.  Its  rirtaes « 
similar  to  those  of  the  nitrate  of  potto,  far 
which  it  has  been  substituted. 

Soda,  Oxyhuriate  of,  Soda,  chloride  oL 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  Phosphora'ta,  Sd* 
phos'phas,  Subphosphate  of  protox'ide  of  S*iji**, 
Phoephae  Na'tricum,  Natrum  Oxyphospkort'da, 
Subprotophosphate  of  Sodium,  SubphoJjMit  tf 
Soda,  Sal  mirab'ili  per  la' turn,  Triba'tic  ;**> 
phate  of  Soda,  Alkali  minera'U  photphom'tit*. 
Tasteless  purging  ealt,  (F.)  Phosphate  d<  &*±<< 
Sel  admirable  perlL  (Bone  burnt  to  whitena 
and  powdered,  fox ;  Sulphuric  acid,  lbrj ;  tV- 
bonate  of  soda,  q.  s.  Mix  the  bone  with  ti« 
acid  in  a  oovered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  vara. 
and  stir.  Digest  for  three  days,  oecasiouillj 
adding  a  little  water  to  that  lost  by  ernpwanis, 
and  frequently  stirring  the  mixture.  Pocr  ii 
now  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  throe:: 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water,  est! 
the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the  itraiifi 
liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside ;  from  wbti 
pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and  boil  down  to  a  gal- 
lon. To  this  solution,  poured  off  from  the  <in» 
and  heated  in  an  iron  vessel,  add  by  degree;  is* 
carbonate  of  soda  previously  dissoWed  in  hot 
water,  until  effervescence  ceases,  and  the  pto- 
phorio  acid  is  completely  neutralized ;  then  tta 
the  liquor,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize,  Hani? 
removed  the  crystals,  add,  if  necessary,  a  jb^ 
quantity  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  a  at 
to  render  it  slightly  alkaline;  then  atonal? 
evaporate  and  crystallize  so  long  as  crotais  we 
produced.  Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  ia  a  «d 
stopped  bottle.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  <k* 
of  from  gss  to  Jj. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  thibasic,  S.  Phofp^tf 
of. 

Soda,  Subcarb'onate  of.  Soda  Subcortex, 
Soda  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.)f  Subcarbonate  tip- 
tox'ide  of  Sodium,  Memphite  of  Soda,  .>*"y 
prapara'Uim,  Sal  Soda,  Salt  of  Soda,  FltxSw 
Sagi'men  Yitri,  Salt  of  BariVla,  Sal  aFkaluCv- 
bona*  Soda  of  some,  (P.)  Sotu-carbonaU  dt  $*&■ 
The  impure  subcarbonate,  dissolved  in  *axr: 
the  solution  filtered  and  crystallised.  Solubka 
two  parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  much  wedai 
an  antacid ;  and  also  as  a  deobstruent  in  wak- 
lous  and  other  affections.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  5^ , 

The  dried  Subcarbonate  of  Soda,  Sods  S& 
car'bonas  exeiccata,  Soda  carbonas  eMitt*** 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Carbonas  Soda  eicca'tum,  {F.}£*- 
carbonate  de  Soude  deseichi,  is  employed  as  •» 
antacid  and  lithontriptic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  it. 

Soda,  Subphosphate  of,  S.  phosphate  of 

Soda,  Sulphate  of,  Soda  Sulpha*,  A*^ 
vitriola'tum,  Sal  cathar'ticut  Glaube'ri,  At&1 
minera'le  sulphu'ricum,  Natrum  sulphu'rfa* 
Soda  vitriola'ta,  Sulphas  na'tricus,  Sal  mi^  • 
Hie  Glaube'ri,  Ape'rient  Salt  of  Frederick,  Oif 
ber's  Salts,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Soude.  Obtained  foa 
the  salt  that  remains  after  the  distillation  of  st- 
riatic acid;  the  superabundant  acid  being  a* 
rated  with  subcarbonate  of  soda.  It  is  »°Ja^ 
three  parts  of  water  at  60° ;  is  purgim*,  aai 
in  small  doses,  diuretic    Dose,  Jvj  to  5J1- 

The  Lymington  Glauber's  Sofa  is  a  A^f 
of  Magnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  five  »• 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving  Ef- 
Bora  salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt 

Soda,  Tartrate  of,  Tartrate  of  pot**  «■■ 
Soda,  Soda  Tartarita'ta,  Tar'tariwed  Sod*  ■>* 
Rupellen'sis,  Rochelle  Salt,  Sal  PolfAmt^ 
Seignctti,  S.  Seignetti,  Seignette's  Salt,  3V** 
tartariza't urn,  Tartris  potas'sa  et  Soder,  Sods  • 
Polos' sa  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Soda  potass^ 
tras,  Tartras  Potas'sa  et  Soda9  TartnU*?' 


SODH 


795 


SOLDIER'S  WeH) 


iasse  et  de  Sonde,  (Soda  carb.  lbi;  potass,  bitart. 
in  pulv.  Jxvj,  Aq.  bullient,  Ov.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  in  water;  and  add,  gradually,  the 
bi tartrate.  Filter  the  solution  and  crystallize, 
Ph.  U.  S.)    It  13  a  gentle  cathartic.    Dose,  gss 

Soda,  Urate  op,  Urate  of  Soda  —  s.  Vitrio 
lata,  8.  sulphate  of — a.  Water,  Acidulous  water, 
simple. 

Sod^  Acetas,  Soda,  acetate  of —  s.  Biboras* 
Borax  —  8.  Bicarbonas,  Soda,  carbonate  of — s* 
Boras,  Borax  —  s.  Boras  alcalescens,  Borax  —  s* 
Boras  supersatorus,  Borax  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda 

—  8.  Carbonas,  Soda,  snbcarbonate  of — s.  Car- 
bonas exsiccatos,  see  Soda,  subcarbonate  of —  s. 
Carbonas  impurus,  Soda — s.  Chloras,  Soda,  chlo- 
rate of — s.  Hyposulphis,  Hyposulphite  of  soda 
— s.  Marias,  Soda,  muriate  of —  s.  Kitras,  Soda, 
nitrate  of —  g.  Phosphas,  Soda,  phosphate  of —  s. 
et  Potasses  tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Potassio- 
tartras  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Subboras,  Borax  — 
B.  Subcarbonas  impura,  Soda. 

SODII  AURO-TERCHLORIDUM,  see  Gold 

—  s.  Chloridum,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure- 
tum,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

SO'DIUM,  Na'trium,  Natro'nium.  The  metal- 
lic basis  of  soda. 

Sodium,  Carbonate  of  Protoxide  of,  Sodse 
carbonas  —  s.  Chloride  of,  Soda,  muriate  of —  s. 
Chlorure  de,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure  cT  Ox- 
ide de,  Soda,  chloride  of — a.  Protonitrate  of, 
Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of,  Soda — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  phosphate  of,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  subcarbonate  of,  Soda,  subcarbonate 
of — 8.  Quadri-chloruret  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — 
8.  Subborate  of  protoxide  of,  Borax — s.  Subproto- 
borate  of,  Borax — s.  Subprotophoaphate  of,  Soda, 
phosphate  of. 

SODOMA  GALLORUM,  Syphilis. 

SODOMIA,  Buggery. 

SODOMY,  Buggery. 

SOFTENING,  Mollities. 

SOI-POUR-SOI,  Homoeoxygy. 

SO  IE,  Sericum. 

SOIF,  Thirst—*.  Excessive,  Polydipsia. 

SOL,  Gold. 

SOL -LUNAR,  SoUuna'ris;  from  sol,  'the 
sun,'  and  luna, '  the  moon.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  fancied  influence  exerted  by  the  sun  and 
moon  on  man  in  a  state  of  health  and  disease. 

SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisum — a.  Scabiosorum,  Fumaria. 

SOL'ANOID,  Solanot'des;  from  solanum,  'the 
potato/  and  uiot,  *  resemblance/  Resembling  a 
potato;  potato-like.  An  epithet  applied  to  a 
form  of  cancer,  whioh  appears  to  be  intermediate 
between  scirrhus  and  encephaloid,  increasing 
more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  approaching 
it  in  firmness. 

SOLA'NUM,  S.  nigrum  sen  vulga'rl  sen  vulga'- 
turn,  Common  Nightshade,  Garden  Nightshade, 
(F.)  Morelle  d  fruit  noir.  Family,  Solanem. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  A  narcotic 
poison.  The  Euile  de  Morelle  is  made,  by  ma- 
cerating in  oil,  for  several  days,  the  leaves  and 
fruit  of  this  plant  The  oil  is  anodyne  and  dis- 
cutient. 

Solanum  Dulcama'ra,  Dulcamara,  D.  fiexuo'- 
sa,  Solatium  Scandens,  Olyeipi'eros,  Ama'ra  dulcis, 
Solatium  ligno'sum,  Srpvgyof  of  Theophrastus, 
Bittersweet,  Woody  Nightshade,  Bittersweet  Night- 
shade, Bittersweet  Vine,  Nightshade  Vine,  Violet 
bloom,  (F.)  Douce-atnere,  Morelle  grimpante.  The 
teste  of  the  stalks  is  bitter,  followed  by  sweet- 


ness; hence  its  name.  It  has  been  used  in  many 
diseases,  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific,  especially  in 
chronio  rheumatism,  humoral  asthma,  dropsy, 
various  skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and  jaundice. 
Dose,  in  powder,  J)j  to  3J. 

Sol  an  u  ic  Esculbntum,  S.  tuberosum — s.  Foe- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furiosum,  Atropa 
belladonna — s.  Humboldtii,  S.  Lycopersicum — 
s.  Lethale,  Atropa  belladonna — s.  Lignosum,  S. 
dulcamara. 

Solanum  Ltcoper'sicuic  ;  Lycoper* sicon  escu- 
lent'um,  Lycoper*  sicum  pomum  amo'rie,  S.  Hum- 
bold' Hi  seu  pseudoly  coper*  sicum,  Malum  ly  coper1' 
sicum,  Love-apple  plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called 
Toma'ta  or  love-apple,  (F.)  Pomme  a" Amour,  is 
much  eaten  in  the  United  States ;  and,  with  the 
French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  Ac,  forms  an  es- 
teemed sauce. 

Solanum  Magnum  Virginianum  Rubrum,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra — s.  Maniaeum,  ^tropa  bella- 
donna, Datura  stramonium  —  s.  Melanocerasus, 
Atropa  belladonna. 

Solanum  Mblob'gena,  Melon gena,  Egg-plant, 
Mud  Apple  plant;  (F.)  Aubergine,  A  native  of 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  Its  oblong,  egg* 
shaped  fruit,  Ponum  Melon' gena,  Malum  insa'- 
num,  is  prepared  in  soups  and  sauces  in  those 
countries,  like  the  tomata. 

Solanum  Nigrum,  Solanum. 

Solanum  Niv'eum.  A  South  African  plant, 
the  leaves  of  which,  applied  to  foul  ulcers,  cleanse 
them.  The  fresh  juice  of  the  berries  and  leaves, 
made  into  an  ointment  with  lard  or  fat,  is  used 
by  the  farmers  for  the  same  purpose. 

Solanum  Parmenterii,  S.  tuberosum  —  s. 
Pseudolycopersicum,  S.  Lycopersicum  —  s.  Qua- 
drifolium,  Paris  —  s.  Racemosum  Americanum, 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

Solanum  Sanctum;  Palestine  Nightshade. 
The  fruit  of  this  is  globular,  and  is  much  eaten 
in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 

Solanum  Scandens,  S.  Dulcamara. 

Solanum  Tuheros'um,  Bata'bas,  Solanum  es- 
eulen'tum  seu  Parmente'rii,  Lycoper*sieum  tuber**- 
sum,  Papas  America'nus,  Pappus  America' nue, 
America' num  Tubero'sum,  Batta'ta  Virginia'na/ 
the  Pota'to,  (F.)  Pomme  de  Terre.  A  native  of 
Peru.  A  nutritious  and  wholesome  vegetable; 
one  of  the  most  useful,  indeed,  that  exists.  One 
hundred  pounds  of  potatoes  afford  ten  pounds  otV 
starch,  which  is  equal  to  arrow-root,  as  a  nutrient 
and  demulcent.  It  is  called  Potato  Flour,  P. 
Starch,  French  Sago,  Petit  Sague,  Common  Arrow- 
root, Ac, 

Solanum  Ubens,  Capsicum  annnum — s.  Vesl- 
earium,  Physalis — s.  Vulgare,  Solauum. 

SOLAR,  Sola'ris,  from  sol,  'the  sun.'  Relating 
to  the  sun ;  having  rays  like  the  sun. 

Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  sola'ris,  Centrum  com- 
mu'ni,  Cer'ebrum  abdomina'li.  A  collection  of 
ganglions  and  filaments,  interweaving  and  anas- 
tomosing with  each  other  repeatedly,  and  belong, 
ing  to  the  system  of  the  great  sympathetic.  This 
vast  plexus,  lying  on  the  vertebral  column,  the 
aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  has  a 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments composing  it  are  soft,  reddish,  and  almost 
all  issue  from  the  semilunar  ganglions.  It  re- 
ceives, also,  branches  from  the  pneumogastric 
It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the  aorta,  and 
accompanies  all  its  branches;  furnishing  many 
secondary  plexuses,  which  are  called  the  infra- 
diaphragmatic,  cosliac,  superior  mesenteric,  in- 
ferior mesenteric,  renal  or  emulgent,  spermatUg 
Ac. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldanella, 

SOLDIER'S  WEED,  Matioo, 


SOLH 


7§6 


SOLUTION 


-  SOLE,  Solum,  Sol**,  Baei*  oor'poru,  Itknu*, 
Super  fie"  ice  planta'ri*  pedis,  Peti'na,  Ve*tig"ium, 
Pddioto)  Peza,  Ptlma,  Planta'ri*  ntperficie*  pedis, 
Fa'oiee  conea'va  seu  interior  seu  Planum  sea 
Concavum  sea  Pare  inferior  sea  Pkmit"ie*  sea 
Planta  sea  Vola  pedie,  (F.)  Plant*  d*  Pied.  The 
sole  of  the  foot;  the  under  surface  of  the  foot. 

SOLE  A,  Sole — 8.  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

SO l£ AIRE,  Soleas. 

SOLEN,  Cradle,  see  Vertebral  column. 

SOLENA'RIUM,  from  e*\n**  'a  canal.'  An 
instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  which  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle,  —  Galen.  The 
word  Solen  itself— awAw,  Cana'li* — was  used,  in 
antiquity,  for  a  grooved  channel,  in  which  a  frac- 
tured limb  was  placed. 

SOLENOSTEMMA  ARGEL,  Cynanchmn 
oiesefoliam. 

SOLE 'US,  Gartrocne'miu*  inter'nu*,  Tibiocal- 
eanien,  (Ch.;)  (7.)  Soliaire,  from  eolea,  'a  sole 
of  a  shoe.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  almost  oval; 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on  the  posterior 
surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the  tibia.  It 
terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon,  which  unites 
to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  extern  us,  to  form  the 
tendo  Achillis.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on 
the  leg,  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  Sol'idu*,  Ste'reoe.  A  body  whose  in- 
tegrant molecules  are  so  united  by'the  force  of 
cohesion,  that  they  will  not  separate  by  their  own 
weight.  The  solids,  in  the  human  body,  are  the 
bones,  cartilages,  tendons,  muscles,  ligament*, 
arteries,  veins,  nerves,  membranes,  skin,  Ac  The. 
anatomy,  or  rather  study  of  the  solids,  U  called 
Stereol'ogy,  from  ortptos,  'solid/  and  \oyo$,  'a 
discourse.' 

SOLIDAGO,  see  Solidago  virgaurea— s.  Sara- 
cenica,  S.  virgaurea. 

Solida'go  Rio"n>A,  Rigid  Qoldenrod,  Bone*' 
styptic;  indigenous ;  of  the  Composite  family, 
flowering  in  August  and  September;  is  astringent 
and  tonic. 

Solid a'go  Viroau'rea,  8.  vulga'ris  sea  Sara- 
cen'ica,  Virga  aurea,  Htrba  do'rta,  Cony'ta  coma 
aurea,  Sym'phytum  Petra'um,  Elichry'sum,  Con- 
sol' ida  sea  Saracen'ica,  Golden  rod.  Nat.  Ord. 
Composite  Corymbiferss.  Sex.  Syet.  Syngenesia 
superflua.  (F.)  Verge  cPor.  The  leaves  of  Soli- 
da'go odo'ra  — Solida'go  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  and  the 
flowers  have  been  recommended  as  aperients  and 
tonics,  in  urinary  diseases,  and  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage. 

Solidago  Vulgaris,  6.  virgaurea, 

SOL'IDISM,  Patholog"ia  solida'ri*.  The  doc- 
trine of  those  physicians  who  refer  all  diseases  to 
alterations  of  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the 
believers  in  this  doctrine,  the  appellation  Sol'id- 
ieU  has  been  given.  The  solidists  think  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties ; 
that  they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of 
morbific  agents,  and  be  the  seat  of  pathological 
phenomena.  Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say,  that  in 
all  our  investigations,  the  condition  of  both  solids 
and  fluids  must  be  regarded. 

SOLIUM,  Baignoire,  T»nia  solium— a.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

SOLUBIL'ITY,  Solubil'itae,  from  solvere,  so- 
lutum,  '  to  dissolve.'  That  property  of  a  body  by 
virtue  of  whioh  it  can  be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 


TABL*  OF  THS  BOLUBILRT  OF  SOMK  IVBSTJJOl 
IX  WATER. 


XAJBS  OF  SALTS. 


Mis. 

Benzoic 

Citric 

Oxalic 

Tartaric 

Salt*. 
Acetate  of  Potasea. . 
Soda. 


Bitartrate  of  Potasaa. . .  , 

Borate  of  Soda 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia  . 
■        Magnesia . . 


Chlorate  of  Poteen . 
Soda. 


Chloride  of  Lime 

—  ■-  ■   ■■    Magnesium  . 
Potassium... 


Sodium  . 
Muriate  of  Ammonia. 
Nitrate  of  Potasaa ... . 
Soda. 


Phosphate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia . 

Copper  . .. . 

Iron 

■  Maraesia . 

Potassa . . 

Soda. 


Supersulphate  of  Potassa 

Tartrate  of  Potassa 

Potassa  and  Soda. . 


-  Antimony  «t  Potasaa, 


parti  n 


at6* 


100 
r. 

aft? 


OJ0B 
133 
SO 
very  solsbte 

100 
35 

1.5 

8.4 
50 

3 
95 
50 

6 
35 


309 
100 


100 

33 

35.43 

*.is 

33 

100 

14.95 

100 

33 

100 

25 

» 

50 

w 

25 

50 

50 

in 

100 

,133 

6.85 

a 

37 

is 

5.0 

100 

85 

6.6 


SOLUM,  Sole. 

SOLVT&,  Solution. 

SOLUTIO,  Solution  —  s.  Alexiteria  GariM* 
see  Disinfection  —  s.  Ammonias  sabearbocrs 
Liquor  ammonite  subcaVbonatis  —  s.  Arseotcafr. 
Liquor  arsenicaiis — s.  Arsenica!*,  Liquor  artfti- 
calia — s.  Arsenitis  kalicsa,  Liquor  arseDieaJu-i 
Calcis,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Camphors*  etami. 
Tinctura  setherea  camphorata —  s.  Campfc** 
oleosa,  Linimentam  camphor® — s.  Continai,  So- 
lution of  continuity  —  a.  Ferri  nitratis,  L*;a« 
Fern  nitratis  — s.  Guaiaci  gummosa,  Mitf» 
guaiaci  —  s.  Muriatis  barytas,  Baryta,  muriate  6 
— s.  Muriatis  calcis,  see  Calcis  nmrias— s.  Mcv 
atis  ferrioi  setherea,  Tinctura  sea  alcohol  eal't- 
rioo-ethereus  ferri—  s.  Muriatis  hydrargvri  <*!• 
genati,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis— e.  ?<**> 
sii  iodidi  iodureta,  Liquor  iodini  composite* -»• 
Resins  guaiaci  aquosa,  Mistara  guaiao-4.  ScW 
carbonatis  ammoniaci  spirituosa,  Spirits*  aas*- 
niss. 

SOLUTIO  SULPHA'WS  CCPRI  COVFOS'XTA,  if* 

vitriol' ica  cavu'lea,  Sydenham'*  oWic  K*f* 
(SulpK  cupri,  giij,  alvnu,  acid,  ssUpL,  ii  Ji> 
aqua,  g viij  :  dissolve,  and  filter.)  A  styptic  a» 
largely  diluted,  an  astringent  collyriom. 

SOLU'TION,  Solatia,  Lyme,  (F.)  DimM* 
An  operation  which  consists  in  dissolving  a  «6* 
body  in  a  menstruum.  Likewise,  the  prods*  •* 
each  operation— Solu'tttm,  (F.)  SolmtL  Ii*««* 
alBo,  with  many,  the  termination  of  a  oiseaw'- 
with  others,  a  termination  accompanied  by  mooi 
signs ;— and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  syaoBTSMSi 
with  crisis. 

Soluttow  or  Acstati  op  AnoxiA,  Lk** 
ammonite  aoetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  bk>0** 
Liquor  morphias  aoetatis  —  s.  Alkaline,  sec  F* 
gokali— s.  of  Alkaline  iron,  Liquor  ferri  aftsE* 
—  s.  of  Alum,  compound,  Liquor  alaminis  «•; 
positus — s.  of  Ammoniated  copper,  Liquor  «r* 
ammoniati— a.  Arsenical,  Liquor  arseaieafo-* 
of  Charcoal,  concentrated,  see  Tincture  eafcc* 


60LUT1TUS 


W 


SONDE 


— f.  of  Chlorinated  soda,  Liquor  sodss  chlorinate 
— «.  of  Citrate  of  magnesia,  see  Magnesia)  oitras 
— «.  of  Citrate  of  potassa,  Liqnor  potass®  citratia 
—8.  of  Continuity,  see  Continuity — s.  of  Corrosive 
sublimate,  Liquor  hydrargyri  ozymnriatis  —  s. 
Donovan's,  see  Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of 
—  s.  Fowler's,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s.  of  Bydrio- 
date  of  potass,  Liqnor  potasses  hydriodatis  —  s. 
of  Iodide  of  iron,  Liqnor  ferri  iodidi — s.  of  Iodine, 
compound,  Liqnor  iodini  compositus — s.  of  Iron, 
nitrated,  see  Tinotara  ferri  mnriatis  — s.  Labar- 
raque's  Eau  de  Javelle — s.  of  Lime,  Liqnor  calcis 
— s.  Lugol'a,  Liquor  iodini  compositus  —  s.  of 
Magnesia,  condensed,  Magnesia,  4uid  —  &  of 
Monro,  Liqnor  of  Monro  —  s.  of  Nitrate  of  iron, 
Liquor  ferri  nitratds  —  s.  of  Oxymnriate  of  mer- 
cury, Liqnor  hydrargyri  oxymnriatis — s.  Plenck's, 
see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinerenm — «.  de  Potaeee, 
Liquor  potasses — s.  of  Potassa,  Liqnor  potasssB — 
s.  of  Sesqninitrate  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  nitratii— 8. 
of  Subaeetate  of  Lead,  Liqnor  plumbi  subaoetatis 
— s.  of  Subaeetate  of  lead,  dilated,  Liqnor  plnmbi 
subacetatis  dUntns — s.  of  Subcarbonate  of  potass, 
Liquor  potassa)  subcarbonatifl — s.  of  Sulphate  of 
morphia,  Liquor  morphia  snlphatis — s.  of  Tartar- 
ized  antimony,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarisati — s.  of 
Ternitrate  of  sesquioxide  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  ni- 
tis  —  b.  of  Van  Swieten,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis.  • 

BOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 

SOLUTUM,  Solution. 

BOLVENS,  Solvent  — s.  Minerale,  Liqnor  ar- 
aenicalis. 

SOLVENT,  Solvent,  (F.)  Fondant,  from  eohere, 
'to  dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess 
the  property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstruc- 
tions and  extraneous  substances.  Thus  we  have 
Bolvcnts  of  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  Ac.  See 
Dissolventia. 

Solvent,  Mineral,  Liqnor  arsenicalis. 

SOMA,  Body,  Corpus. 

SOMACETICS,  Gymnastics, 

SOMAT'IC,  Somat'ieue  ;  from  evaa,  « the  body.' 
That  which  concerns  the  body ; — as  eomatie  death, 
or  death  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to 
molecular  death  or  the  death  of  a  part. 

SOMATODYM'IA,  from  <tm/m,  impart,  'the 
body/  and  Swa,  '  I  enter  into.'  A  double  mon- 
strosity in  which  the  trunks  are  united.  Of  this, 
there  are  several  varieties,* — Vertebrodym'ia, 
where  the  union  is  by  the  vertebra ;  Itchiodym'ia, 
by  the  ossa  ischii ;  Stcrnodym'ia,  by  the  sternum; 
Supraomphalodym'ia,  (F.)  Sut-omphalodymie,  by 
the  super-umbilical  regions ;  Supra  et  infra-om- 
phalodymia,  by  the  superior  and  inferior  um- 
bilical regions;  and Stemo-omphalodym'ia,  where 
the  union  is  by  both  the  sternal  and  the  umbili- 
cal regions.  —  Crnveilhier. 

SOMATOLOGY,  Somatolog"ia,  from  ewfia, 
'the  body,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  the  human  body.    Anatomy. 

SOMATOTOMY,  Anatomy. 

S6MMEIL,  Sleep. 

60MNAMBULATI0N,  Somnambulism. 

SOMNAMBULISM,  Somnambula'tio,  Eypno- 
bate'eie,  Hypnobaia'eie,  Hypnobati'a,  Rhembas'- 
mue,  LunatWmus,  Eypnoner'gia,  Selenoga'mia, 
Nyctobate'tis,  Autonyetobati'a,  SelenVaeU,  Selen- 
iaJmue,  Somnambtdie'mus,  Nyetob'ane,  Noctam- 
bula'tio,  Noctcmbulit'mu*,  Nyctoba'dia,  Nyetoba'- 
*tui,  Siph'itdy  Syph'ita,  Paroni'ria  am'bulans, 
NoctUur'gium,  (Metrodynia  acti'va,  Somno-vigil, 
Somnambula'Hon,  Sleep-walking,  from  tomtit**, 
4  sleep,'  and  ambulare,  *  to  walk.'  A  condition  of 
the  brain  which  occasions  the  individual  to  exe- 
cute, during  sleep,  some  of  those  actions  that 
commonly  take  place  when  awake.  It  has  been 
imagined  that  the  somnambulist  is  guided  solely 


by  bis  internal  senses ;  but  there  are  many  facts 
which  induce  the  belief  that  the  external  senses 
are  not  always  entirely  suspended.  The  causes 
of  somnambulism  are  very  obscure  ;  and  the  prin- 
cipal indication  of  treatment  is,  —  so  to  arrange 
the  bed-ehaiaber  of  the  somnambulist,  that  ha 
cannot  get  out  of  it  during  sleep;  and  to  avoid  sup- 
pers, as  well  as  all  bodily  and  mental  excitement 

Somnambulism,  Magnet'ic  Mesmeric,  or  Ami- 
nc"lAL,  Somnambulism**  arti/ida' lit,  Cataph'ora 
maanet'ica,  Hyp'noUtm,  Somnip'athy,  is  that  pe- 
culiar condition,  into  which  individuals  have  been 
thrown  by  the  Animal  Magnetizer.  It  has  oc- 
curred only  in  those  of  weak  nervous  tempera- 
ment; in  hysterical  females,  Ac. 

SOMNAMBULISM  US,  Somnambulism—a. 
Artifioialis,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SOMNAM'BULIST,  Somnam'bulue,  HypnoV- 
ales,  Noctam'bulus,  Lunat'iout,  Noctam'bulo,  Som- 
nam'bulo.    A  sleep-walker. 

SOMNAMBULISTIC.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  somnambulism,  —  as  the  '  eomnambu- 
lis* tic  state* 

SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist 

SOMNIA'TIO,  from  tomnium,  '  a  dream.'  The 
act  of  dreaming. 

Soxntatio  Morbosa,  Oneironosus — s.  in  Statu 
Vigili,  Hallucination. 

SOMNIFEROUS,  Som'nifer,  Sopor'ifer,  Hyp* 
not'icu*,  Hypnopce'ua,  Soporati'vut,  Soporific, 
Soponferou*.    A  medicine  which  causes  sleep. 

SOMNIL'OQUIST;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
One  who  talks  in  his  sleep. 

SOMNILCQUIUM,  Sommloquit'mue,  Somnil'- 
oquiem,  from  eomnue,  'sleep,'  and  loquor,  'I 
speak.'    Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOMNOPATHY,  Somnambulism,  magnetic 

SOM'NIUM,  Enyp'nion,  Ineom'nium,  a  Dreamy 
(F.)  Hive,  Song*.  A  confused  assemblage,  or 
accidental  and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas 
and  images,  which  present  themselves  to  the 
mind  during  sleep.  Br.  S.  Mitchell,  of  New  York, 
used  the  word  Somnivm  to  signify  the  state  be- 
tween sleeping  and  waking,  in  whieh  persons 
perform  acts  of  whioh  they  are  unconscious. 

For  'waking  dreams,'  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  whioh  occur  during 
a  state  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  Frenoh, 
Rivataeriet. 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Somnambulism. 

SOM'NOLENCY,  Somnolen'tia,  JTypnavthe'eit, 
Hypno'dia,Dorm\ta,tio,  Heav'inett,  Carat  LethatJ» 
gut  Cataph'ora,  Cataphora,  Ooma  Somnolen'tum, 
Garo'eit,  Slumber,  (F.)  Astoupittement.  Sleepi- 
ness. Also  a  state  intermediate  between  sleeping 
and  waking.    It  is  often  a  symptom  of  disease, 

SOMNUS,  Sleep. 

SOMPNUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur,  Sound. 

SONCHUS,  &  OUra*eeu»,  Hiera'cium  oUra*- 
eeum,  dcer'bita,  Sow  T Kittle,  (F.)  Laiteron  doux* 
Family,  CichoracesB.  Most  of  the  species  of  Son- 
chus  abound  with  a  milky  juice,  whioh  is  very 
bitter,  and  said  to  possess  diuretic  virtue. 

Sonchus  Floridantts,  Mulgedium  Florida- 
num. 

SONDE,  Sound,  Specfllum  —  s.  Cannlie,  Di- 
rector. 

SONDE  PANEL.  A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.  It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  puno- 
tum  laorymale. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  In- 
vented by  Belloe  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossa, 
in  oases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  eanula,  open  at  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  oares  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  attached 


SONDE 


to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forward*  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SONDE  BRIS£E,  (F.),  Eyed  probe.  A  long, 
straight  stylet,  composed  of  two  parts,  which  may 
be  screwed  to  each  other ;  blunt  at  one  end,  and 
furnished  at  the  other  with  an  eye,  so  that  it  may 
be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punctured  wounds, 
or  for  a  seton  needle. 

SONDE  1  CONDUCTEUR,  (P.)  A  modifi- 
cation of  the  ordinary  catheter ; — to  facilitate  the 
changing  of  catheters,  without  the  fear  of  making 
false  passages.  It  is  a  common  catheter,  open  at 
its  beak.  The  Stylet  or  Mandrin  is  one  half 
longer  than  that  of  the  ordinary  catheter.  To 
use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is  pushed  into  the 
cavity  of  the  bladder  through  the  catheter.  The 
latter  is  then  withdrawn  by  slipping  it  over  the 
stylet,  which  is  kept  in  its  place,  and  serves  as  a 
guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SONDE  1  DARD,  see  Lithotomy  (high  ope- 
ration.) 

SONDE  DE  LAFOREST.  A  small,  crooked 
eanula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duct  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into  it 

SONDE  ou  PINCE  DE  HUNTER.  A  cy- 
lindrical silver  eanula;  of  the  size  of  a  common 
catheter ;  open  at  both  extremities,  and  contain- 
ing a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which  is 
split  into  two  parts ;  each  being  terminated  by  a 
small  silver  scoop,  and  separating  from  each  other 
by  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed  out  of 
the  eanula,  and  again  approximating  when  drawn 
in.  It  has  been  used  for  laying  hold  of  small 
calculi  in  the  urethra. 

SONDE  DE  VARECQ,  Soda. 

SONOE,  Somnium. 

SONITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  s. 
Fluidi,  Ilygrechema  —  s.  Hepaticus,  Hepateche- 
ma  —  s.  Intestinalis,  Enterechema  —  s.  Stoma- 
chicus,  Gasterechema. 

SONOROUS  RHONCHUS,  Rdle  eonore. 

SONUS,  Sound— s.  Voois,  Accent. 

SOOJA.  see  Dolichos. 

SOOJIE,  BASTER'S,  a  farinaceous  article 
of  diet,  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat  flour  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

SOOL,  Gastroperiodynia. 

SOOT,  Fuligo  — s.  Tea,  see  Fuligokali  — s. 
Wart,  Cancer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium  sophia  —  s.  Chirurgo- 
rum,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION,  Falsification. 

SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPHYL'LA,  Antichcler1- 
iea.  Family,  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this 
shrub  are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have 
been  found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery,  Ac. 

Sophora  Tincto'ria,  Baptit'ia  tincto'ria, 
Podalyr'ia  Tincto'riaf  Indigofera,  Wild  In- 
digo, Indigo  Weed,  Broom,  Indigo  Broom,  Horee- 
Jly  Weed,  Yellow  Broom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle 
Bush,  Yellow  Indigo.  An  American  plant,  the 
taste  of  whose  root  is  unpleasant,  sub-acrid,  and 
nauseous  —  very  similar  to  ipecacuanha.  In  a 
large  dose,  the  bark  of  the  root  acts  both  as  an 
emetio  and  cathartic.  It  has  been  considered 
antiseptic  and  febrifuge,  and  has  been  used,  in 
the  form  of  fomentation  or  cataplasm,  in  phage- 
denic and  gangrenous  ulcers.  A  liniment,  pre- 
pared by  simmering  the  cortical  part  of  the  root 
in  Cream,  has  been  found  an  efficacious  applica- 
tion to  sore  nipples  and  to  ulcerated  breasts. 

Baptit'ia  Leucan'tha,  Tall  white  faUe  Indigo, 
an  indigenous  plant,  has  the  same  properties. 

SOPHRONISTiE  PENTES,  see  Dentition. 


Tft8  SORB 

SOPHRONISTERES  DENTBS>  sesDafta. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPIENS,  Paregoric. 

SOPIO,  Opium. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  from  which  & 
person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty.  I:  in 
symptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Cams. 

SOPORARI.fi  ARTERLfi,  Carotid*. 

SOPOR  ATI  V  US,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFEROUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO'POROUS,  So'ponu,  from  sopor,  'dee*' 
Sleepy:  casteing  sleep. 

SORA,  Essena. 

SORB  TREE,  Sorbus  domestics. 

SORBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifriga 

SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbefa'ciens,  from  *• 
here,  'to  suck  in,'  and  facert,  'to  suit'  A 
remedy  that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  sorbeJscieaa:- 
Aoida  Vegetabiiia;  Alkalia;  Ammoniacani:Br> 
minum;  Galbanum;  HydrargynPnepsrafr:!'- 
dinum;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi;  Spongas* 
Compression,  (methodical;)  Friction;  Ms* 
Sorbefacients,  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

SORBETHUM,  Sherbet 

SORBETTUM,  Sherbet 

SORBETUM,  Sherbot  ' 

SORRIER  DES  OISELEURS,$otou** 
pari  a. 

SORBITIO,  Jus. 

Sorbitio  Carxis  sen  Ex  Cams.  Brott* 
soup  made  of  meat 

SORBITUM,  Jus. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Crataegus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

Sorbus  Acupa'ria,  sen  Aueupa'ria, Jfr*>  * 
M.  acupa'ria,  Mountain  Service,  Mou»im»  i*. 
Quicken  tree,  Roan  tree,  (F.)  Sorbier  d»  '.;* 
leure.  The  berries  of  this  tree  are  empl»J«:- 
similar  purposes  as  the  last  . 

Sorbus  Alpina,  Crataegus  aria— i  AnV> 
tssgus  aria— s.  Aucuparia,  S.  acuparis— *•  £}'-' 
nia,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

Sorbus  Domest'ica,  Sorbus,  Pynt*  &*?'/- 
Mes'pilue  domestica,  Oie,  Service  or  Sori  v* 
(F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosace*.  So.  -V- 
Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of  this  tx*.  ^ 
bum,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  recommeia-- j 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  given  io  tb«  i  ? 
of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is  made  from  it,  »*  * 
brandy. 

Sorbus  Malub,  Pyrus  mains.  . 

SORDES,  Rhypoe.  A  dirty-looking  ^ 
discharged  from  ulcers.  Also,  accumolao'* 
the  secretions  of  the  month,  on  the  teeth  » »> 
namic  fevers  more  especially,  and  of  fool  ••^ 
in  the  stomach— Sordc*  prim'anm  ria'r*9: M 
pa'ria.  The  French  call  an  ulcer,  f","^ 
such  an  appearance,  sordid.  Also  dirt  &  *•■ 
kind.  ..j,,, 

Sordeb,  Ichor,  Saburra  —  s.  Acids,  A«*; 
—  s.  Aurium,  Cerumen  —  s.  Primarun  »*J- 
Embarra*  gaatrique,  see  Sordes— fl.  VenoH*** 
crement. 

SORDICUL.fi  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

SORE,  Ulcer.  ,       .^ 

Sore,  Bat.  A  disease  which  Motelj  «*■£ 
to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  is  tw  ". 
of  Honduras.  ^^ . 

Sore  Mouth,  Stomatitis  —  s.  tWfV 
Pharyngitis,  follicular  —  s.  Qangrenoos,^ 
aquaticus  — s.  Inflammatory,  CtoM  ,1^ 
laris— s.  Putrid,  Cynanche  maligns —*■  1BT 
Cynanche  — a.  Throat,  tubercular,  P"*^ 
follicular  — a  Throat,  ulcerous,  Cjum* 
Ugna, 


SORENESS 


m 


SPAGYRISTS 


SORENESS,  from  Tent  seer,  (G.)  Sehr, 
'very.'  Sax.  fap,  Parap'sis  acri$  teneritn'do. 
Painful  uneasiness  or  tenderness,  local  or  gene- 
ral, on  being  touched  with  a  pressure  that  does 
not  usually  excite  distressing  feeling.  Often,  a 
febrile  symptom.  Also,  the  tenderness  of  a 
wound,  ulcer,  Ac. 

SORGHUM,  Panieum  Italicnm. 

SOROCCO,  Puna. 

SOROCHE,  Puna. 

SORORIA'TIO.  The  period  at  which  the 
breasts  of  the  female  become  developed.  The  act 
of  becoming  thus  developed.  A  young  maiden, 
whose  mammae  begin  to  show,  was  formerly 
called  sororians  virgo.  — Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumez  acetosa  —  s. 
French,  Rumex  scutatus  —  s.  Qarden,  Rumex 
scutatus  —  s.  Mountain,  Oxalis  ace  tog  ell  a,  Oxy- 
ria  reniformis — s.  Salt  of,  Potass,  oxalate  of — s. 
Roman,  Rumex  scutatus  —  s.  Tree,  Andromeda 
arborea — s.  White,  Oxalis  acetosella — s.  Welsh, 
Oxyria  reniformia. 

SOSTRUM,  improperly  Sotrum;  from  <rw£nv, 
'  to  save/  A  reward  given  to  one  who  saves  the 
life  of  another.    A  physician's  fee  or  honorarium. 

SOTERIA  DOCTRINA,  Medicina. 

SOTERLS  AQILE,  Waters,  mineral. 

SOTEREI/LA.  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine 
composed  of  opium,  several  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
saffron,  camphor  and  toot.  It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 

SOTRUM,  Sostrum. 

S0UBRE8AUT,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

SOUCHERLOON,  Bit  noben. 

SOUCI/ET  DBS  1NDES,  Curcuma  longa  — 
t.  Odorant,  Cyperus  longus — s.  Bond,  Cyperus 
rotundus. 

SOUCf,  Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia — 
s.  des  Champs,  Calendula  arvensis — s.  Ordinaire, 
Calendula  officinalis. 

SOUDE,  Soda  — •.  Acitate  de,  Soda,  acetate 
of — s.  Afrt,  Sod®  carbonas  —  s.  Borate  de,  Bo- 
rax— ».  Borate  sursaturi  de,  Borax — s.  Carbonate 
de,  Sodro  carbonas  —  s.  Caustique,  Soda  caustica 
— s.  &  la  Chaux,  Soda  Caustica — s.  Chlorure  de, 
Soda,  chloride  of — s.  du  Commerce,  Soda  —  s. 
Crayeuse,  Soda  carbonas — s.  Effervescente,  Sodae 
carbonas  —  s.  Hyposuljite  de,  Soda,  hyposulphite 
of-^t.  Photphate  de,  Soda,  phosphate  of-^t.  et  de 
Potasse,  Tartrate  de,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Pure, 
Soda  caustica — s.  Sousborate  de.  Borax — s.  Sous- 
carbonate  de,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — •.  Sulfate 
de,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 

SOUFFLE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — •.  Am- 
phoriqne,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  •.  HltaU 
lique,  see  Cavernous  respiration — s.  Placentaire, 
Bruit  placentaire  —  *.  Tubaire,  see  Murmur,  re- 
spiratory— s.  Utirin,  Bruit  placentaire — s.  Voili, 
see  Cavernous  respiration. 

SOUFRE,  Sulphur  —  *.  Todure  de,  Sulphuris 
lodidum — *.  Sublimt,  Sulphur  sublimatum. 

SOUND,  SpeciWum,  Stylus,  Explorato'rium, 
Radi'olus,  (F.)  Sonde.  An  instrument  used  by 
surgeons  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone  in 
the  bladder.  It  is  usually  made  of  highly  po- 
lished steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the  catheter.  The 
operation  is  termed  sounding. 

The  French  Sonde  has,  however,  a  more  ex- 
tensive signification.  It  means  different  instru- 
ments introduced  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  fistulas,  Ac,  to  investigate  their 
condition,  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica- 
tion.    See  Sonde. 

Sound,  Sonus,  Echos,  Noise,  (F.)  Son,  Bruit. 
The  sensation  produced  on  the  auditory  nerve  by 
the  vibrations  of  a  sonorous  body.  Sounds  may 
bo  propagated  in  three  modes.  1.  By  reciproca'- 
tivn  or  con'sonance,  as  when  a  sounding  body,  of 


a  definite  pitch,  produces  a  musical  tone  when 
another  body  of  the  same  pitch  is  sounded  near 
it.  2.  By  res'onance,  as  when  a  sounding  body 
is  placed  in  connection  with  another,  one  or  more 
of  whose  parts  may  be  thrown  into  reciprocal  vi- 
bration ;  and  3.  By  conduction,  as  where  the  vi- 
brations are  transmitted  through  fluid,  liquid,  or 
solid  media. 

Sound,  Catheterize,  S.  Auricular,  Apyromele— 
s.  Bellows,  friction,  rasp,  saw,  lancet,  Ac,  see 
•Bruit — s.  Crumpling,  pulmonary,  Froissement 
pulmonaire — 8.  Laryngeal,  Laryngecho. 

SOUNDING,  Searching,  see  Sound. 

SOUNDNESS  OF  MIND,  Sanity. 

SOUP  IB,  Sigb. 

SOUR  BERRY,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni,  Vacci- 
nium  oxycoccos  —  s.  Dock,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis—  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Tree 
Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Wood,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 

SOURCIL,  Supercilium. 

SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  su p ere ilii, 'Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURDS  MUETS,  see  Mutitaa  surdorum. 

SOUR  IS,  Nictation. 

SOUS-ACROMIO-CLAVI-HUM£RAL,  Del- 
toid —  s.  Atloidien,  Subatloidseus  —  «.  Axoidien, 
Subaxoidseus — s.  Clavier,  Subclavius — s.  Oottaux, 
Intercostal  —  «.  Cutani,  Subcutaneous  —  s.  Epi- 
neux,  Infraspinatus — s.  Lingual,  Sub-lingual — f. 
Maxillaire,  Submaxillary  —  •.  Maxillo- Labial, 
Depressor  anguli  oris — s.  Mental,  Submental — s. 
MStacarpo-latiri-phalangien,  Prior  annularis — «. 
Optico-sphfno-scUroticien,  Rectus  inferior  oculi— 
s.  Orbitaire,  Suborbital — s.  Pubio-coccygien,  Le- 
vator ani — s.  Pubio-criti-tibial,  Gracilis — *.  Pn- 
bio-pritibial,  Gracilis — s.  Pubio-trochant6rien-ex- 
terne,  Obturator  ex ternus — s.  Pubio-trochantirien- 
interne,  Obturator  intcrnus  —  s.  Scapulaire,  Sub- 
Bcapularis — s.  Scapulo-trochinien,  Subscapulars 
— s.  Sels,  see  Salt. 

SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum  — 
s.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris — 8.  Maritime,  Ar- 
temisia maritima — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia  santo- 
nica. 

SOWBREAD,  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 

SOWENS,  Flummery. 

SOY,  see  Dolichos  soja. 

SOYMIDA,  Swietenia  febrifuga. 

SPA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  town 
seven  leagues  southeast  of  Liege,  where  there 
are  several  springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous 
taste j  containing  much  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia;  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium.  The  water  is  much  used 
as  a  tonic. 

Spa  Water,  Artificial.  Soda  subcarb.,  gr. 
vij  ;  magnesia  carbon.,  J)j  ;  limat.  ferri.,  gr.  iij  ; 
sodii  chlorid.,  gr.  j ;  aqua,  Oiij.  Impregnate 
with  gas  from  marble  powder  and  sulph.  acid., 
aa9x. 

SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  Tarlni  pent 
—  s.  Perforated,  anterior,  Locus  perforatus  anti- 
cus — s.  Perforated,  posterior,  Tarini  pons. 

SPADO,  Castratus,  Eunuch,  Spasm. 

SPAGYRIA,  Chymistry. 

SPAG"YRISTS,  from  <na»,  <I  separate/  and 
ayuput,  *  I  assemble ;'  because  they  reduced  com- 
pounds into  elements,  and  formed  the  latter  into 
compounds  (?).  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  pre- 
tended to  account  for  the  changes  that  occur  in 
the  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day  explained 
those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom. — Medici' na  Pa- 
raceleis'tica  sen  Spagvr'ica,  was  likewise  called 
Mermefiea,  because  it  waa   believed  that  the 


SPANjBMIA 


800 


SPASMS 


i  of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in 
the  books  of  Hermes. 

SPAN^'MIA,  from  **awt,  'poor/  and  'aipa, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood,  —  as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
yond certain  limits. — Simon. 

SPANJE'MIC,  Spanm'micum  (remedium),  Dys- 
plas'ticum,  Plattily  Victim  et  erethilytficum,  Ha- 
matolyt'icum,  Dyscrasiacmn.  Same  etymon  as 
the  last    Relating  to  spansomia. 

A  medicine  whose  protracted   use  is  said  to 
impoverish  the  blood, — as  iodine,  bromine,  Ac. 
6PANDARAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANISH  FLY,  Cantharis. 
SPANOPO'GON,  from  ewaret,  'rare,'  and  »«- 
yttvy '  beard.'    One  who  has  lost  his  beard,  or  has 
a  thin  beard. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  had  lost  it,  Spanopogo'nes. 
S?ARADRAPA,  Sparadrapum. 
S&LRADBAPIER.  The  name  of  a  machine 
for  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Piaster  machine. 
It  consist*  of  a  table,  with  two  raised  pieces,  mo- 
vable, and  furnished  with  points,  by  which  the 
cloth  can  be  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or  blade 
of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadra'pa,  Sparadra- 
pus,  Tela  emplas'tica,  Spandara'pum,  (F.)  Spa- 
radrap.  Any  adhesive  plaster  spread  upon  linen 
or  paper.  The  chief  sparadraps  are  the  follow- 
ing : — 

SpiRADRAPUK  Adhjesi'vum,  Adhefsive  Platter. 
A  spr  jad  plaster  of  the  EmpUutrum  adhamvum. 
It  is  also  called  Strapping. 

English  Court  Plaster  is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.) 
Taffetas  agglutinatif,  T.  gommS,  Tuffetas  d?An- 
gleterre;  Ser'icum  An'glicum,  Emplas'trum  An- 
glicum,  E.  Anglica'num,  E.  Adhasi'vum  Wood- 
stock'ii,  E.  IchthyocoVlm  tela  induc'tum,  E.  Olu- 
tino'sum,  Tela  Ichthyocol'la  glu'tinans,  Isinglass 
Plaster.  It  is  made  by  stretching  black  silk,  and 
brushing  it  over  with  a  solution  of  isinglass  jk], 
in  proof  spirit  gxij,  to  which  tinct.  benzoin  gij, 
are  added.  When  dry,  this  is  repeated  five  times ; 
after  this,  two  coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of 
tereb.  Chi*  giv,  in  tinct.  bens.  gvj,  which  render 
it  less  liable  to  crack. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster  is  made  by  spreading 
several  coats  of  strong  solution  of  isinglass  in 
weak  spirit  over  oiled  silk,  or,  still  better,  over 
.  animal  membrane  previously  prepared  for  the 
purpose  from  the  peritoneal  coat  of  the  caecum  of 
the  ox. 

Sparadrapuv  pro  Fontic'ulis,  Issue  Plaster, 
is  sometimes  made  of  simple  diachylon,  Bbij  ,*  Bur- 
gundy pitch  and  sarcoeoUa,  each  giv;  common 
turpentine,  gj.  Spread  upon  linen  and  polished 
with  a  moistened  calendering  glass  rubber. 

Sparadrapum  sen  Tela  Galteri,  Defensive 
Plaster,  (F.)  Toils  de  Gautier.  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  Ibss;  suet,  giv;  wax,  gx;  litharge, 
v  common  turpentine,  thus,  and  mastich,  ft&  gij; 
bole  armeniac,  flour,  a*  gj.  Pour  it,  while 
liquid,  upon  cloth,  and. spread.  Used  for  issues 
and  to  keep  on  dressings. 

Sparadra'pum  Vesicato'rium.  Several  sub- 
stances have  been  introduced  as  substitutes  for 
blistering  plaster,  (see  Emplastrum  Lyttse,)  under 
the  names,  Tela  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Tissue, 
Ac,  and  other  forms  of  which  are  the  Taffetas 
vesicant,  Papier  ipispastioue,  Oharta  vesicato'ria, 
Taffetas  4pispastique.  They  are  made  of  an 
ethereal  or  alcoholic  extract  of  cantharides,  or  of 
eanthfiridin,  mixed  with  wax  and  spread,  in  a 
very  fine  layer,  on  silk  or  paper  previously  oiled 
or  waxed.    They  are  efficient  agents. 


Sparadrapum  Yir'idR,  Corn  Platter.  Tii 
may  be  made  of  yellow  wax,  ftij;  B*ry*»df 

fitch,  gxij  ,*  common  turpentine,  Svj  ;  uriieru, 
iij ;  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy' s  Com  Plaster  is  made  of  yeUsmuss, 
Ibj  ;   Venice  turpentine,  gy  ;  verdigris,  Jj. 

SPARADRAPUS,  Sparadrapum. 

SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 

SPARAGMOS,  Spasm. 

SPARAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster  vteri'ma.  Anisj* 
tion  into  the  vagina. — Ruland  and  Jofcuoo. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  whs  fe 
white  of  egg. — Paracelsus. 

SPARGA'NIUM    RAMO'SUM,   Gtest  A* 

td.  Indigenous;  Order,  Typhacea j  flowtreg 
in  July  and  August.  The  roots  are  nbwo* 
gent,  but  esculent;  yielding  a  fine  fecal*,  ■*> 
lax  to  salep.  They  are  sometimes  nsdt  ia»  i 
poultice  for  inflamed  manunss. 

SPAR'GANON,  Spar'ganum,  from  esffiA 
swathe,  'I  wrap.'  'Swathing  elothei.-'ska 
of  bandage,  with  which  children  were  fon«7 
surrounded. — Foesius.    Also,  a  fascia. 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Sparao'eis,  hmmsmfm 
lac' tea  mamma'rum,  Mastadyn'ia  polyo****?** 
awacyau,  *  I  am  ready  to  burst'  Extreme  dota- 
tion of  the  breasts  by  milk.  Spaigaiiesfc  i* 
means  the  wrapping  of  a  child  in  swathing  eUtki 

SPAR6AXOSIS  PUERPEAAJRUM,  PhlegBliai  tt- 

lens. 

SPARGANUM,  Sparganon. 

SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 

SPARSUS,  Sporadic 

SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spamm  *** 
A  small  European  shrub,  cultivated  hi  *•  PJ- 
dens  of  the  United  States,  on  account  of  to  .«»• 
low  flowers.  The  seeds  are  diuretic  sod  w* 
in  small  doses;  emetic  and  cathartic  is  hn*- 
They  have  been  used  in  dropsy — 10  or  Up*" 
three  times  a  day. 

Spartium  Scopa'rium,  Oyfisut  seope'rm  *■ 
nie'ta,  0.  scopa'ria,  Gems' to.  A»Wto,  Brw*  if 
tiso-genista,  (F.)  OeneH  &  balai.  Fcmil*,  *** 
minora.  Sex.  SysU  Diadelphia  Dceandri*.  Br*» 
Tops,  Spartii  Uacumista,  Scopafrius,  Ph.  \  •  ^ 
have  a  bitter  taste,  and  are  possessed  of  dim*v 
properties.  They  have  been  used  in  dropf* 
Dose,  of  the  powder,  Qj  to  «.  All  the  r»*» 
have  similar  virtues.  A  decoction  of  ***** 
along  with  the  cauterisation  of  the  postal*  u» 
the  tongue,  has  been  recommended  in  ft!** 
phobia. 

Spartium  Tihctoriuv,  Genista  tmetoria 

SPASM,  Spasmus,Sparafmc+Sy*oe*&* 
from  vwa*,'  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  ess* 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is  now  «*? 
applied  to  involuntary  musoular  eontw**; 
and  these,  again,  have  been  divided  into  *«* 
spasm,  Paraton'ia,  which  consists  in  P«nMB* 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  masciei  U*  «• 
the  seat  of  it  (see  Tetanus);  and  ckmie  *•* 
which  consists  in  alternate  oontractioai  ssi  * 
laxations  (see  Convulsion).  . 

Cullen  has  a  class,  Spaemi—  Ae  a***?4* 
of  Fuchs. 

Spask,  Clowic,  Convulsion — s.  Cyni^ *•"' 

nine  laugh— s.  of  the  Glottis,  Asthma  thy**-* 

•  -  s.  of  the  Larynx,  Asthma  thymicua— ••  ■* 

Rigidity,  Tetanus.  ,rU 

Spasm,  WR^TRR8,.    Involanmiy  «P«»^T 

muscles  of  the  thumb  and  index  finger,  oh*"* 

at  times,  in  those  who  are  much  •aon**** 

writing.    See  Cramp,  writers'. 

SPA6MATICTJS,  Spasmotieas. 

SPASMATODES,  Spasmotiena.  _ 

SPASME,  DE  LA  OLOTTB  ET  W  TW 


SPASMI 


801 


SPERM 


RAX,  Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  de  la  Verne,  Cys- 

toepasmus. 

SPASMI,  see  Spasm. 

SPASMODES,  Convulsive. 

SPASMODIC,  Spasmoticus. 

BPASMOL'OGY,  Spasmolog,fia,  from  vraapos, 
'spasm,  and  \oyos,  *  a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
spasms. 

6PASMOLYGMUS,  Singultus. 

SPASMOT'ICUS,  Spnsmat'icus,  Spasmato'des, 
Spas'ticus,  Spastic,  Spasmodic.  Any  thing  re- 
lating to  spasm.    Also,  an  antispasmodic. 

Morbi  constricto'rii,  M.  spasmot'ici,  6c,  are 
diseases  accompanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,  Convulsion,  Spasm  —  s.  Annum, 
Otalgia — s.  Caninus,  see  Canine  laugh — s.  Cloni- 
cus,  Convulsion — s.  Cynicus,  see  Canine  laugh — 
s.  Facialis,  Tic  —  s.  Glottidia,  Asthma  thymicum 
—e.  Linguae,  Glossosposmus — s.  Maxillae  inferio- 
ris,  Trismus — s.  Muscularis,  Cramp — s.  Musculo- 
rum Faciei,  Canine  laugh  —  s.  Universalis,  Syn- 
clonus — s.  Ventrical!,  see  Cardialgia — s.  Vesicae, 
Cystospasmus. 

SPAS'NIA,  same  etymon  as  Spasm.  A  term, 
used  by  Mercurialis,  to  designate  the  lancinating 
pain  produced,  at  times,  in  the  chest  by  violent 
fits  of  coughing. 

SPASTIC,  Spasmoticus,  Tonic  spasm, 

SPASTICUM,  Tetanic. 

SPATHA,  Hypaleiptron. 

SPATHES'TER,  from  <nra»,  'I  draw.' (?)  A 
surgical  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  prepuce 
over  the  glans,  when  too  short. — P.  Amman. 

SPATHOMELE,  Spatula. 

SPATHULA,  Scapula,  Spatula— s.  Fcetida, 
Iris  foetidissima. 

SPATHYEMA  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foeti- 
dum. 

SPAT'ILE,  <7xart>i7,  'human  excrement'  A 
liquid  fecal  evacuation.  Excrement  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

6PATIUM  ORIS,  Mouth— s.  Trigonum,  Lyra. 

SPAT'ULA,  Spath'ula,  diminutive  of  Spatha, 
cva$n,  *  a  broad-sword.'  Spathome'li,  SpeciWum 
latum.  An  instrument  used  for  spreading  plas- 
ters, stirring  ointments,  holding  down  the  tongue, 
<fco.    Also,  the  scapula. 

Spatula  pro  Ore,  Glossospatha. 

6PEARW0RT.  Ranunculus  flammula. 

6PEAUTER,  Zinc. 

SPECIES,  Powders,  compound — s.  Aromatic®, 
Pulvis  oinnamomi  compositus  —  s.  Diacinnamo- 
mi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus  —  s.  Diacretss, 
Pulvis  cretoe  compos. — s.  Diajalap®,  Pulvis  ja- 
laps compositus— s.  Diambrss  sine  odoratis,  Pul- 
vis cinnamomi  compositus — s.  Diatragacanthss 
frigidse,  Pulvis  tragaoanthte  oompositus — s.  Hiorao 
picne,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella — s.  LsBtificantes 
Khazis,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — s.  e  Scor- 
dio  cum  opio,  Pulvis  crete  compositus  cum  opio 
—s.  e  Scordio  sine  opio,  Pulvis  cretee  compositus. 

SPECIF'IC,  Specif 'ieus,  from  species,  *  a  form 
or  fashion/  and  facere,  «  to  make.  A  substance 
to  which  is  attributed  the  property  of  removing, 
directly,  one  disease  rather  than  any  other.  Pro- 
bably no  such  remedy  exists.  Mercury  in  syphi- 
lis, and  sulphur  in  the  itch,  have  been  regarded 
as  the  strongest  examples. 

Specific  of  Herrenschwand.  A  once  cele- 
brated German  vermifuge.  It  is  said  to  have 
consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gamboge,  with  20  of 
Carbonate  of  Potassa.  It  Is  affirmed,  that  mer- 
cury and  arsenic  have  also  been  found  in  it  — 
Paris. 

SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potasses  sul- 
phas. 


from 


SPECIL'LUM,  Nell,  Stylus,  Explorato'rium, 
>m  epecio,  'I  examine/  Specla'rion,  a  probe, 
61 


(F.)  Stylet,  Sonde.  A  surgical  instrument,  em- 
ployed for  examining  wounds,  fistulas,  and  for 
passing  setons,  Ac  It  is  usually  formed  of  sil- 
ver ;  and  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an  olive- 
shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an  aperture 
at  the  other  extremity. 

Specillum,  Everriculum,  Hypaleiptron,  Sound 
— s.  Auricularium,  Apyromele — s.  Cereum,  Bou- 
gie— s.  Excavatum,  Stylus  excavatua — s.  Latum, 
Spatula — s.  Minus,  Melotis. 
SPECLARION,  Specillum. 
SPECTACLES,  from  speciare,  'to  behold,-' 
Conspicil'la,  (¥.)  Besides,  Lunettes  ordinaire*, 
Conserves.  Glasses  to  assist  the  sight ;  arranged 
so  as  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes.  These  glasses 
are  more  or  less  concave  or  convex,  according  as 
the  sight  is  more  or  less  short,  (myopic,)  or  long, 
(presbyopic.)  When  the  glass  is  adapted  to  one 
eye,  it  is  called  an  Eyeglass,  Conspicil'lum,  Per- 
spicil'lum,  Vitrum  ocula're\ 

SPECULA'RIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mine- 
ral, but  of  what  nature  is  not  clear,  which  was 
formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old  times  it 
was  used  for  glass. — Pliny. 

SPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Gatop'tron,  Diop'tron. 
In  Latin, '  a  mirror  j  from  epecio,  *  I  see.'  In 
surgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for  dila- 
ting cavities,  and  facilitating  their  examination. 
See  Dilator.  There  are  various  instruments  of 
this  kind,  —  the  S.  Ani,  S.  Auris,  S.  Vagina, 
(Colpeuryn'ter,  Elytrcuryntsr,)  S.  Matri'cis,  & 
Oculi,  S.  Oris  ((F.)  Baillon,)  S.  Gutturis,  & 
Vesica. 

Speculum  Citrinttv,  Orpiment  —  s.  Indicum, 
Ferri  limatura — s.  Lucidum,  Septum  lucidum — s. 
Oris,  Glossocatochus — s.  Veneris,  Achillea  mille- 
folium. 

SPECUS,  Vulva  —  s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart — s.  Pro  medulla  spinali,  see  Vertebral  co- 
lumn— s.  Vertebralis,  see  Vertebral  column. 
SPEDALSKE,  see  Radxyge. 
SPEDALSKHED,  see  Radzyge. 
SPEECH,  Voice,  articulated. 
SPEECHLESSNESS,  Mutitas. 
SPEEDIMAN'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et 
myrrh  as. 

SPEEDWELL,  BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bec- 
oabunga — s.  Female,  Antirhinum  elatine — s.  Offi- 
cinal, Veronica— s.  Purslain,  Veronica  peregrin* 
— s.  Water,  Veronica  becoabunga. 
8PELTRUM,  Zincum. 
SPERAGUS,  Asparagus. 
SPERM,  from  sireiou,  'I  sow/  Spermafie 
fluid  or  liquor,  Sem'inal  fluid,  Seed,  Semen,  S, 
viri'll  seu  masculi'num  sou  genita'li,  Semin'ium, 
Oenita'li,  MeduVla,  Rytis'ma,  Bos,  Sanguis,  Se- 
rum, Humor  genitalis  seu  seminarlis  seu  vene'- 
reus,  Uri'na  genita'hs,  Qenitu'ra,  Sperma,  S, 
viri'U,  SpermVum,  Tho'ri,  Tho'rus,  Lao  marie, 
Lagnefa,  Lagni'a,  Lagneu'ma,  Oermen,  Male's 
milk,  Prop'agatory  or  genital  liquor,  Vita'li  *i- 
rns,  Vital  or  quickening  venom,  (F.)  Semence,  Flu- 
ide  seminaL  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  peculiar 
smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it  is  car- 
ried by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesiculss  semi- 
nales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during  co- 
ition, through  the  ejaculatory  ducts  and  the  ure- 
thra. It  is  the  fecundating  fluid,  and  must  come 
into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the  female. 
The  Aura  scm'inis,  Qonau'ra,  is  incapable  of  ef- 
fecting fecundation.  The  semen,  at  the  time  of 
emission,  is  composed  of  two  different  fluids ;  the 
one  liquid  and  transparent,  which  is  considered 
to  be  the  secretion  of  the  prostate, —  the  other, 
white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage ;  the  product  of 
the  testicular  secretion.  The  sperm  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Vauquelin,  900  parts  of  water,  ©0  of 
animal  mucilage,  10  of  soda,  and  30  of  calcareouf 


SPERMA 


802 


6PEBMAT0P0SIA 


phosphate.  The  animal  matter  is  peculiar,  and 
by  some  termed  spermatin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  contains 
spermatoxo'a,  or  more  properly  spermatozo'ids  ; 
for  their  animalcular  nature  is  not  demonstrated. 
They  are  produced  in  cells  —  sperm-cells —  and 
have  probably  no  more  title  to  be  considered  ani- 
malcular, than  the  cilia  of  the  ciliated  epithelium. 
By  careful  examination,  other  minute,  round, 
granulated  bodies  may  almost  always  be  de- 
tected, which  are  in  all  cases  much  less  nume- 
rous than  the  spermatozoa.  These  bodies  are  the 
seminal  granule*,  gran'ula  sem'inis.  Pure  sperm, 
in  its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
fpermatozoids  and  seminal  granules;  both  of 
which  are  enveloped  in  a  small  quantity  of  fluid, 
liquor  eem'inia. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition  there  is  a  secretion  of  female  sperm 
-—Semen  mulie'bri,  Thelyg'onum.  The  increased 
secretion  that  takes  place  is  chiefly  from  the 
glatyls  of  Duverney. 

Sperm  also  means  spermaceti. 

Sperm  Cell,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMA,  Sperm  —  s.  Mercurii,  Hydrargyrus 
acetatus. 

Sperma  Rana'ruh,  SpernVola  sen  SpemVolum 
sen  Spermi'ola  seu  Spermi'olum  rana'mm.  Frog's 
spawn.     Once  used  in  medicine. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetacenm— s.  Whale,  see  Ce- 
tacenm. 

SPERMACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATACRATIA,  Sperm atorrhcea. 

SPERM AT'IC,  Spermaficus,  Semina'lie,  Sem'- 
inal.  That  which  relates  to  the  sperm.  A  name 
given  to  different  parts  connected  with  the  organs 
of  generation. 

Spermatic  Arteries,  A.  Spermal'ica,  A.  pra- 
paran'tes,  (P.)  Artlrts  testiculaires,  A.  de  Vovaire 
(Ch.),  are  two  in  number — one  on  each  side— and 
arise  from  the  sides  of  the  aorta,  sometimes  from 
the  renal  arteries.  They  descend,  almost  verti- 
cally, at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  and 
are  distributed  differently  in  the  two  sexes.  In 
man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situate  at  the  side  of 
the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the  abdominal  ring ; 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  spermatic 
chord,  and  divides  into  two  fasciculi  of  branches, 
one  of  which  goes  to  the  testicle, — the  other  to 
the  epididymis.  In  the  female,  the  spermatic 
artery,  ova'rian  artery,  dips  into  the  pelvis,  and 
passes  to  the  ovarium,  Fallopian  tube,  and  round 
ligament. 

Spermatic  Chord,  Teatic'ular  Chord,  Funic'' 
ulus  Spermatid*,  Corpus  varico'sum,  (F.)  Cordon 
spermatique  ou  testiculaire.  The  vascular  and 
nervous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  suspended. 
It  is  composed  of  the  spermatic  artery  and  veins; 
of  other  small  vessels ;  of  lymphatics ;  of  ner- 
vous filaments  from  the  spermatic  plexus,  and 
from  the  genito-crural  branch  of  the  lumbo-ab- 
dominal  plexus ;  of  the  vas  deferens,  and,  very 
often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  chord,  which  unites  the 
peritoneum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, and  in  which  encysted  hydrocele  of  the 
spermatic  chord  occurs.  All  these  parts  are  uni- 
ted together  by  a  very  lax,  areolar  tissue,  and 
surrounded  by  coats,  which,  reckoning  from  with- 
out, are :  —  1.  The  skin  and  areolar  membrane. 
2.  A  fibro-cellular  membrane,  formed  by  the  fas- 
cia superficialis.  3.  A  very  thin  layer,  formed  by 
fibres  of  the  cremaster  muacj*,  united  archwise 
before,  and  often  also  behind,  the  chord.  4.  The 
proper  sheath  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  ta- 
bular prolongation  furnished  by  the  fascia  trans- 
Tonalis  to  the  chord,  ou  a  level  with  the  superior 
•riflce  of  tb§  inguinal  eanaJL    The  spermatic 


chord  is  commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  fat 
on  the  left;  and  of  a  different  size  in  differs! 
individuals.  It  ascends,  almost  vertically,  fas 
the  superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  U* 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal;  passes  liroc^ 
this  canal  and  enters  the  abdomen,  crossing  th 
epigastric  artery.  Here  it  forms  an  evident  el- 
bow, directing  its  course  backward.  At  sa 
part,  also,  the  organs  composing  it  separate  inm 
each  other  :  —  the  vas  deferens  descending  is» 
the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the  bladder;— the  blood- 
vessels and  lymphatics  ascending  towardi  tk 
lumbar  region,  Ac. 

Spermatic  Fluid,  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Gakgliox.  A  large  guffrt 
formed  by  branches  from  the  hypogastric  gi£|- 
lion,  and  from  the  spermatic  plexus.  It  raft-* 
the  fundus  uteri.  Besides  these  ganglia,  fr 
Robt.  Lee  describes  tes'ical  and  taj'imaljni* 
and  anterior  and  posterior  subperitoneal  $*»/'* 
and  plexuses,  which  communicate  with  the  in- 
ceding,  and  constitute  an  extensive  nenoa  if* 
over  the  entire  uterus. 

Spermatic  Liquor,  Liquor,  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  Wats,  Vim  $/***• 
tica,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  eicrefi* 
of  semen. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerve?,  Pfcmtr*** 
lares,  are  two  in  number,  and  are  farnisW  r 
the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filament*,  called  ?j< • 
matic  nerves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same  *>& 
to  the  testicle  in  man ;  and  to  the  ovary  arid  ft* 
lopian  tube  in  the  female, — ova'rian  «erw«.  ft.? 
cannot  be  traced  into  the  substance  ef  &=* 
organs. 

Spermatic  VEnrg  are  two  or  three  in  in®  *• 
on  each  side.  They  accompany  the  sp-ro^ 
artery,  and  open  —  those  of  the  right,  in*  at 
vena  cava  inferior ;  those  of  the  ltd  ir.P  zt 
corresponding  renal  vein.  These  wins  t~ 
above  the  testicle,  a  kind  of  venous  ueiv-** 
called,  by  some,  the  Spermatic  Pkxm:  ti*4  * 
other  plexus  before  the  psoas  muscle,  called  A-1 
Corpus  pampiniforme. 

SPERMATID,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMATIS'MUS,  Emis'sio  sw'itfr  *• 
oiripfia,  *  sperm.'    The  emission  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOCELE,  Hernia,  semisa'iU  *«• 
Oscheocele  semina'lie,  Gonoce'le,  from  «**• 
*  sperm/  and  c-jXij,  'a  tumour.'  The  a**1-* 
grave  this  name  to  certain  swellings  of  the  ^ 
cle  which  were  regarded  a«  produced  rj  as  * 
cumulation  of  sperm  in  the  organ.  Als*>u'" 
oocele. 

SPERMATOCLEMMA,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOCLEPSIS,  see  Pollution.      , 

SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG'IA,  &■* 
rhag"ia  ejacvlato'ria,  Bcsmatu'ria  tjstshk  "* 
H.  semina'lis,  from  ntssm,  s~rtff*T*>  'si** 
Kwns,  *  bladder/  and  pay*,  '  a  breaking  fr* 
A  discharge  of  blood  from  the  urethra,  or  w  -1 
of  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

SPERMATODES,  Oonoides. 

SPERMATOGONIA,  Spermogon'*,  $*+ 
topee* ia,  Spermatopofeis,  Spermi'**,  frost  na* 
'sperm/  and ytwaw,  < to  beget.'  Theprej*!*3* 
or  secretion  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOID,  Gonoidec 

SPERMATOLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOLIPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOL'OGY,  Sperma****''*,  *■ 
nrtpficn  'sperm/  and  Xoyes,  '  a  daseoune.'  Ac* 
Use  on  sperm,  _ 

SPERMATOPH'OROUS,  Seminif***** 
oirtpiia,  'sperm/  and  f<p»,  *I  carry.'  *V* 
bearing.  The  cells  or  granules  in  ii«  S"1 
have  been  so  called. 

6PERMATOPCEIA,  Spermatogonia. 


SPERMATOPOESIS 


803 


BPHENOIDBS 


SPERMATOPOESIS,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOETIC,  Spermatopceus. 

SPERMATOP(E'US,  Spermatnpoit'icus,  Sper- 
matopoiet'icns,  Spermatopott'ic,  Gonepct'us,  Gone- 
poiet'icus,  Gonopoiet'icvs,  from  empua,  'sperm/ 
and  vouiv,  'to  make.'  Food,  to  which  has  been 
attributed  the  property  of  augmenting  the  secre- 
tion of  semen ;  and,  consequently,  of  exciting  the 
▼enereal  act.  Very  succulent  and  very  nutritious 
substances  hare  been  so  considered. 

SPERMATORRHCE'A,  Spermorrhce'a,  Sper- 
macra'sia,  Spermatoze'mia,  Spermatacra'sia,  Go- 
nacra'sia,  Gonacrati'a,  Spermatacrati'a,  Gonor- 
rhoea vera ,  (F.)  Flux  de  Sperme,  Pollution*,  Per- 
tes  sSminafes ;  from  ewtpua,  'sperm/  and  ptu,  'I 
flow.'  An  emission  of  sperm,  without  copulation. 
See  Gonorrhoea,  and  Pollution. 

Spermatorrhea.  Atonica,  Gonorrhoea  laxo- 
rum. 

SPERM  ATOS'CHESIS,  from  vrtpua,  'sperm,' 
and  0x<rtr,  '  retention.'  Retention  or  suppression 
of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

SPERMATOZEMIA,  Spermatorrhoea, 

SPERM ATOZO'A,  Zoosper'mata,  from  exeppa, 
'sperm/  and  {wov,  'animal/  Zoospermes,  Sper- 
matozoa" ires,  Spcrmatozo'xds,  Animal'cxda  semina'- 
lia  seu  spermat'ica,  Vermic'uli  spermatid,  Semi- 
nal filaments,  Spermatic  or  seminal  animalcules  (?). 
Reputed  animalcules  seen  in  the  sperm ;  by  most 
physiologists  supposed  to  be  the  formative  agents 
in  generation.     See  Sperm. 

SPERMATOZOAIRES,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMATOZOIDS,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

8PERMIUM,  Sperm,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMOBOLE,  see  Ejaculation,  Spermati*- 
mus. 

SPERMOEDIA  CLAVUS,  Ergot 

SPERMOGONIA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMORRHCEA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  ran*- 
rum. 

SPEWING,  Vomiting. 

SPHACELATION,  Mortification. 

SPEAC&LE,  Sphacelus  —  *,  de  la  JBouche, 
Cancer  aquations. 

SPHACELIA  SEGETUM,  see  Ergot 

SPHACELISMUS,  Sphacelus  —  s.  Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHACELUS,  Gangra'na  Sphacelus,  Spha- 
celus'mus,  Cold  mortification ,  (F.)  Sphacile,  Gan- 
grene froide,  from  a<pa^(j»,(I  slay.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gangrene ;  by 
others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occupies  the  whole 
substance  of  a  limb.  Commonly,  it  means  the 
disorganized  portion,  in  cases  of  mortification, 
anthraconecro'sis,  which  must  be  thrown  off — or 
is,  in  other  words,  totally  dead.  The  foul  disor- 
ganized portion  of  an  ulcer — called  the  slough — 
must  be  considered  a  kind  of  sphacelus. 

Sphacelus  was  formerly  used  to  denote  excessive 
pain ;  and  for  agitation  from  excessive  pain,  or 
violent  emotion. 

Sphacelus  Cerealts,  Ergotism — s.  Nosoco- 
mial^, Hospital  gangrene. 

SPHjERA,  Pila  —  s.  Marina,  Pila  marina— a. 
Thalassia,  Pila  marina. 

SPH.ERANTHUS  INDICU8,  Adaca. 

SPH.ERTDION,  Pilula. 

SPHJERION,  Globule,  Pilula. 

SPH^ROCEPHALA  ELATIOR,  Echinops. 

SPILEROCOCCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus  crispus 
—  s.  Helminthochortus,  Corallina  Corsicana — s. 
lichenoides,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

SPHJSRUL.fi  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the 
blood. 


SPHAGE,  Throat 

SPHENDONE,  Funda, 

SPHENOID,  Sphenot'des,  Spheno'des,  Sphe- 
noideue,  Sphenolda'lis,  from  c^v,  'a  wedge/ and 
ti&of,  'resemblance.'    Wedge-shaped.    Hence, 

Sphenoid  Bone,  Sphenoidee  os,  Os  battila'rl  sea 
cuneifor'me  seu  cu'neo  compara'tum  seu  sphenoida'- 
li  seu  multiforme  seu  as'ygos  seu  papilla' re  sea 
polymer1  phon  seu  paxilla'rl  seu  baxilla're  sea 
alafor'mi  seu  sphecoVdes  seu  vcspifor'me  seu  *n- 
conjuga'tum,  Pterygoid  bone.  An  azygous  bone, 
situate  on  the  median  line,  and  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  articulates  with  all  the  other  bones 
of  that  cavity ;  supports  them,  and  strengthens 
their  union.  Its  form  is  singular,  and  resembles 
a  bat  with  its  wings  extended.  It  has,  1.  An 
inferior  or  guttural  surface,  on  which  is  situate 
the  crista,  that  joins  the  vomer ;  a  channel,  which 
concurs  in  forming  the  pterygopalatine  foramen ; 
the  pterygoid  process;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina — ovale,  spinale,  Ac  2.  A 
superior  or  cerebral  surface,  on  which  are  : — the 
clinoid  processes ;  the  pituitary  fossa ;  the  fora- 
mina (ovale,  rotundum,  and  spinale) ;  the  Apo- 
physis of  Ingrassias  or  lesser  wing ;  the  foramen 
optioum,  Ac.  3.  An  occipital  or  posterior  surface, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  baeilary  process  of 
the  occipital  bone.  4.  An  anterior  or  orbitar- 
nasal  surface;  having,  anteriorly,  a  crista  to 
unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone ;  and,  on  each  side, 
a  round  aperture,  which  leads  into  two  cavities 
in  the  substance  of  the  bone,  separated  by  a 
middle  septum,  and  called  the  sphenoidal  sinuses. 
5.  Two  gygomato-temporal  or  external  surfacesf 
which  correspond  to  the  temporal  and  zygomatic 
fosste. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  body  or  middle 
portion;  and  al<B,  which  are  four  in  number,  and 
are  subdivided  into  great  (Temporal  Plates  or 
Wings)  and  Ziffle  (Apophyses  of  Ingrassias).  The 
Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 

Sphenoid,  Spinous  Process  of  the,  Sphenoid 
spine. 

SPHENOIDAL,  Sphenolda'lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphenoid a'lia  Cor'nua,  (F.)  Cornets  sphino- 
\daux,  Comets  de  Bertin;  Ossic'ula  JBerti'ni, 
Ossa  triangula'ria,  Pyramids  of  Wistar.  Two 
small,  thin,  and  curved  bones,  situate  between 
the  sphenoid  and  ethmoid,  with  which  they  are 
confounded  in  the  adult  They  have  the  shape 
of  a  hollow  pyramid,  with  the  base  turned  back- 
wards ;  and  are  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification.  They  are  articulated  with  the  sphe- 
noid, ethmoid,  palate  bone,  and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rior  Or'bitart  Fissure, 
Fora'men  lac"erum  supe'rine,  (F.)  Fente  spinol- 
dale,  is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between  the  great 
and  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is  seen  at  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  orbit  between  which 
and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means  of  communication. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  (F.)  £pine  sphenoidale, 
Spinous  Process  of  the  Sphenoid;  —  1.  A  project- 
ing crista  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoid- 
bone,  for  articulation  with  the  vomer.  2.  A  tri- 
angular process,  Apophyse  eous-temporale  (Ch.), 
met  with  near  the  posterior  margin  of  the  same 
bone,  behind  the  foramen  spinale.  At  the  point 
of  the  spinous  process,  a  styloid  process  is  fre- 
quently met  with. 

SPHENOIDES,  Cuneiform,  Sphenoid  —  s.  Os, 
Sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOMAXILLARY,  Sphcno-maxilla'ri*. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  maxillary 
bones. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fissure,  Inferior  o^bitar 


SPHENO-ORBITAR 


804 


BPICEBUSH 


Fissure,  (F.)  Fente  sphino-maxillaire  ox\  orbitaire 
infirieure;  called,  also,  Far  a' men  lac"erum  in- 
ft'rius,  F,  spheno-maxilla'ri,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  angle  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  parietes  of  the  orbit 
It  is  constituted!  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone ; 
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate  bones ; 
and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is  narrower 
at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  and  forms 
a  communication  between  the  orbitar  cavity  and 
the  sygomatic  fossa. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fossa  is  a  name  given  by 
some  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union  of 
the  sphenomaxillary  and  pterygomaxillary  fis- 
sures. 

SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given,  by  B6- 
clard  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  variable 
number  of  points  of  ossification. 

SPHENOPAL'ATINE^pAenopaZaft'iiM.  That 
which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate  bones. 

Sphenopalatine  Artery,  Large  lateral  nasal 
A.,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxillary. 
It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  sphenopalatine 
foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous  branches  on 
the  pituitary  membrane  covering  the  septum^  the 
cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Sphenopalatine  Fora'hen  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os  pa- 
lati  and  the  sphenoid.  It  establishes  a  commu- 
nication between  the  nasal  fosste  and  the  zygo- 
matic fossa. 

Sphenopalatine  Ganglion,  Ganglion  of  Mec- 
kel, Sphenoid' al  0.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous,  cor- 
diform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable  size, 
situate  without  the  foramen  sphseno-palatinum, 
in  the  pterygomaxillary  fissure.  It  seems  sus- 
pended by  several  nervous  filaments  to  the  trunk 
of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve,  and  gives  off 
internal  or  sphenopalatine  filaments,  inferior  or 
palatini i  filaments,  and  &  posterior  filament,  which 
it  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid  nerve. 

Sphenopalatine  NERVES,Zat'era?  nasal  nerves, 
arise  from  the  ganglion — just  described  —  at  its 
inner  party  and  enter  the  nasal  fosses  by  the  sphe- 
nopalatine foramen.  They  are  five  or  six  in  num- 
ber, and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the  outer 
and  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fosses.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the  Naso-pa- 
latine. 

SPHENOPALATINE,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENOPARIETAL,  Spheno-parieta'- 
lis.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphe- 
noid and  parietal  bones. 

Sphenoparietal  Suture  is  formed  by  the  ar- 
ticulation of  the  extremity  of  the  greater  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle 
of  the  parietal  bone. 

6PHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Circum- 
flexus  —  s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflex  —  s. 
Salpingo-mallien,  Laxator  tympani. 

SPHENOSIS,  see  Wedged. 

SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENOTEMP'ORAL,  Spheno- temporalis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  tempo- 
ral bones. 

Sphbnotehporal  Suture  is  the  suture  at  the 
artioulation  of  the  great  alsB  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
with  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal.  B6- 
clard  gives  the  name  sphenotemporal  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid,  which  is 
developed  by  distinct  points  of  ossification. 

SPHEX,  Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  Constrictor,  Musc'ulu*  constric- 
ts ritts,  from  e+tyy*,  '  I  constrict'  A  name  given 
to  several  annular  muscles,  which  oonstrict  or 
dote  certain'  datura!  openings. 
60 


Sphincter  Ant,  Annula'rie  Ani.  Xibtskv 
tomists  have  described  two  sphincter  bomIs  .'. 
the  anus :  —  1.  The  S.  exter'nns,  Aspidis'tu,  i 
cuta'neus,  Coceggio-cutani-spkineter,  Orbing  .-« 
Recti,  Constric'tor  Anij  Coceygio-awai,  (Ci.  h 
is  situate  around  the  anus ;  is  elliptical  frun  be- 
fore to  behind j  flattened,  and  pierced  at  iu  n .- 
die.  Its  fibres  describe  concentric  am,  vSl* 
are  attached,  behind,  to  the  extremity  of  the  coc- 
cyx, by  a  dense,  areolar  substance;  and  arte* 
founded,  anteriorly,  with  the  bulbo-cavennsi  c4 
transversi  perinmi  muscles.  This  muck  t.v 
tracts  and  closes  the  anus.  2.  The  vmer  m  *- 
ternal  Sphincter  Ani,  Sphincter  inU*ti*aU*  i 
Win  slow,  is  by  many  anatomists  consider*,  ii 
the  termination  of  the  circular  fibres  of  ike  r» 
turn.  It  is  annular,  and  situate  around  the  x> 
rior  extremity  of  the  rectum,  to  the  extest  -' 
about  a  finger's  breadth.  It  has  the  sane  M 
as  the  other. 

Sphincter  Guljs,  Constrictores  pharTtris- 
s.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of— -a.  Intestisalis,  Saut- 
ter ani  internus — a.  Labiorum,  Orbicularis  u»- 
s.  Oculi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — a.  Palp*-* 
rum,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Pylori,  tetj}- 
lorus  —  s.  Vagina),  Constrictores  cunni— u\c- 
triculi,  Pylorus. 

Sphincter  Vebi'cje,  Sphincter  of  the  U«l-'- 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  nameto*-^- 
elastic,  and  circular  fibres,  which  suirouB<i  :* 
neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  constitute  *  par- 
ticular muscle.  Morgagni  has  given  the  us* 
Pseudo- Sphincter  to  the  anterior  fibres  of  w 
levator  ani,  which  pass  beneath  the  neck  ef-- 
bladder,  and,  by  their  contraction,  close  to» 
opening.    See  Compressor  urethra. 

SPHONDYLIUM,  Heracleum  spoodyfaia. 

SPHOXGUS,  Spongia. 

SPHRAGIDONYCHARQOCOME'U  ft* 
e^paytf,  'a  seal/  ovof,  'the  nail,'  spy**  '*&\ 
or  perhaps  wvpo*  '  silver,'  and  *•***,  'I »*r- 
A  charlatan  who  adorned  his  fingers  to  th#*cj 
nails  with  rings.  —  Aristophanes,  Bppooata 

SPHTGMA,  Pulse. 

SPHYG'MICA  ARS,  Sphw*ieart,fomr,r- 
net, '  the  pulse.'  The  art  of  judging  by  the  J*-* 
in  health  or  disease. 

Sphygwtca  Doctrtna,  Sphygmologia. 

SPHYGMICUfi,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOCEPHALUS,  Crotaphe. 

SPHYGMODES,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOLOG"IA,  Sphrfmiea  Dsdr* 
from  epvypos,  'the  pulse,'  and  Xsyot,  'sdeatff 
tion.'    The  doctrine  of  the  pulse. 

SPHYGMOMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

8PHYGM0S,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 

8PHYGMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsileghim. 

SPHYRA,  Malleolus. 

SPHYXIS,  Pulsation. 

SPIC,  Lavendula. 

SPICA,  Fas' da  repent,  the  Spica  kmi*2*  J 
Epi.  A  bandage  so  called  in  oonseqoenw  •?■* 
somewhat  resembling  a  spike  of  barley-  *** 
turns  of  the  bandage  cross  like  the  letter  T;^ 
each  leaving  a  third  of  the  roller  uncovered  * 
is  distinguished  into  ascending  and  dt*o*r' 
It  may  be  applied  over  various  parts  of  tk«  WJ 
and  in  a  different  manner  in  each  ease ;  thai,  a* 
is  the  Spica  sen  Fascia  inguina'lie,  Spin  «JS*" 
na'lis  duplex,  the  spica  far  the  shoulder,  ss**' 
other  for  the  thumb. 

Spica,  Lavendula.  ,. 

Spica  Alpwa,  Valeriana  Celtic*— &  <*>* 
Valeriana  Celtic*— s.  Indica,  Nardas  In*"-* 
Nardi,  Nardus  Indica. 

SPICRBERRY,  Gaultfaerfa,  ] 

BPICEBUSH,  Lauras  Benaoia. 


SPICES 


805 


SPINAL 


SPICES,  FOUR,  see  Myrtus  pimtnta. 

SPICEWOOD,  Lauras  Benxoin. 

SPICILLUM,  Specillum. 

SPIDER,  see  Araneae  tela. 

SPIDERWORT,  Liliago,  Tradesoantia  Vir- 
gin ica. 

SPIOELIA,  S.  Marilandica. 

Spiqe'lia  Marilak'dica,  AntheVmia,  Spige'lia 
Lonic"era,  Lonic"era  Marilan'dica t  Peren'nial 
Wormgrass  or  Indian  Pink,  Caroli'na  Pink,  Star- 
bloom,  Wormroot.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianese.  Class, 
Pentandria.  Order,  Monogynia,  Indigenous.  The 
root — Spigelia  (Ph.  U.  8.) — is  celebrated  as  an 
anthelmintic,  particularly  in  cases  of  lumbrici. 

It  is,  also,  asserted  to  have  been  found  service- 
able in  remittent  fever.  It  is  a  narcotioo-acrid. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

SPIGXEL,  j&thusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conyza  squarrosa,  Nardua  In- 
dica  —  s.  American,  Aralia  racemosa — s.  Small, 
Aralia  nudicaulis — s.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa, 

SPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  ac- 
mella. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA,  S,  cilia'ta  sen 
fimbria'ta,  Spilan'thes  aemel'la,  Bidens  aqmella, 
Achmella,  Acmella,  A.  Mauritiana,  Verbesi'na 
acmella,  Balm-leaved  Spilanthus.  Family,  Co- 
rymbifene.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
aequalis.  This  plant  possesses  a  glutinous,  bitter 
taste,  and  fragrant  smell.  The  herb  and  seed 
are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  emmenagogue.  They 
have  been  used  in  dropsies,  jaundice,  fluor  albus, 
and  calculous  complaints ;  given  in  infusion. 

Spilanthus,  Balm-leaved,  Spilanthus  acmel- 
la—  U.  Ciliata,  S.  acmella  —  b.  Fimbriata,  S.  ac- 
mella. 

Spilanth'us  Olera'ceus,  Spear-leaved  Spi- 
lanthus, (P.)  Cresson  de  Para.  A  tincture  of  the 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  tooth&ch. 

SPILI,  see  Nsevus. 

SPILOMA,  see  Nsevus. 

SPILOSIS,  Epichrosis  — s.  Ephelis,  Ephelides 
8.  Poliosis,  Poliosis. 

SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydrarg. 
oxymw.,  rad.  gentian.,  corU  aurant.  sice,  aa  3U » 
antimon.  crud.,  santal.  rubr.  aa  3j  ;  spiritus  vini 
recti/.,  aqua,  55  3v"j« 

SPINA,  'a  thorn  f  Spine,  (P.)  £p\ne.  A  pro- 
cess on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been 
compared  to  the  spines  or  thorns  on  certain  vege- 
tables. The  chief  processes  of  this  name  are : — 
the  natal  spine,  the  spine  of  the  acapnia,  the  spine 
of  the  ischium,  the  four  iliac  spines,  the  palatine 
spine,  the  maxillary,  the  ephenoid,  Ac.  The  spine 
of  the  back  is  the  collection  of  vertebras  constitu- 
ting the  vertebral  column. 

Spina,  Penis — 8.  Aoida,  Ozycantha  Galen i  — 
s.  JBgyptiaca,  see  Acacias  gummi  —  s.  Alba, 
Carduus  marianus,  Mespilus  ozycantha,  Ono- 
pordum  acanthium  —  s.  Bifida,  Hydrorachis — 
8.  Cervina,  Rhamnus —  s.  Domestica,  Rhamnus 
— s.  Dorsi,  Vertebral  column,  see  Nasus — s.  Dorsi 
Sntrorsum  Flexa,  Lordosis  —  8.  Ferrea,  Pin  —  s. 
Helmontii,  Aiguillon — s.  Hirci,  Astragalus  verus 
— s.  Infectoria,  Rhamnus — s.  Nodosa,  Rachitis. 

Spina  Vento'sa,  Spina  ventos'itae,  Tere'do, 
Fungus  Artie'uli,  Ostarthroc'aci,  Tumor fungo'sus 
artWuli,  Lu'pia  junctu'ra,  Hyperspon'gia,  Flatus 
spines,  Arthroc'aci,  Padarthroc'aci,  White  Swell- 
ing (of  some,)  Sidera'tio  Ossis,  Cancer  Ossis,  Oan- 
grcs'na  Ossis,  Exosto'sis.  A  term  of  no  definite 
meaning,  as  is  obvious  from  these  various  words 
having  been  considered  its  synonymes.  By  some, 
it  is  defined  to  be  —  a  disease  of  the  osseous  sys- 
tem, in  which  the  texture  of  the  bone  dilates, 
seeming  to  be  distended  with  air,  and  constitu- 
ting a  variety  of  osteosarcoma.    By  others,  it  is 


considered  to  be  a  tumour  arising  from  an  internal 
caries  of  a  bone;  occurring  most  frequently  in  the 
carpus  or  tarsus.  The  term  itself  is  a  translation 
from  the  Arabic  of  Rhazes.  See,  also,  Hydrar- 
thrus,  and  Mollities  Ossium. 

Spina  Vkrtebralis,  Vertebral  column. 

SPINACH,  Spinacia. 

SPINACHIA,  Spinacia. 

SPINA'CIA,  Spina' chia,  Spina' da  olera'cea, 
Spin* age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Epinard.  Family,  Atri- 
plicese.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioeoia  Pentandria.  A  plant 
which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic  powers. 
The  leaves  boiled,  with  the  addition  of  oil,  form 
a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has  been  used  in 
phthisical  complaints ;  but  its  medicinal  proper- 
ties, if  it  have  any,  are  not  now  regarded. 

Spinacia.  Oleracea,  Spinacia. 

SPIN2E,  Spinous  processes  —  8.  Ventoiitaf, 
Spina  ventosa. 

SPINAGE,  Spinacia. 

SPINAL,  Spinalis,  Spino'sus,  Spina' tus,  (F.) 
Mpiniire,  from  spina,  'the  spine.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  vertebral  column. 

Spinal  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  vis :  1. 
The  posterior  spinal,  Artlre  midiane  posttriem 
du  liachis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the  vertebral, 
near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and  descends  on 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal  marrow,  dis- 
tributing its  ramifications  to  it.  2.  The  anterior 
spinal  artery,  A.  midiane  antirieure,  (Ch.,)  is 
larger  than  the  last,  and  arises,  also,  from  the 
vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  serpentine  manner, 
upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  marrow;  fur- 
nishes ramu8culi  to  it,  and  unites  with  that  of 
the  opposite  side,  opposite  the  foramen  magnum 
occipitis.  A  very  tortuous  branch  arises  from 
this  union,  which  descends  as  far  as  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  marrow,  to  which  it  sends  nume- 
rous divisions. 

The  term  Spinal  Arteries  or  Bachinian  Arte- 
ries is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the  arte- 
ries of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral  canal. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and  nerves. 

Spinal  Cord,  Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebras,  through  which  the  spi- 
nal nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term  J'o- 
ra'men  Spina' U  is  especially  applied,  however, 
to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  the  spinous  pro- 
cess of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the 
middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters  the  cra- 
nium. It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen  spheno-spi- 
no'sum,  (F.)  Trou  Sph&no-tpineux  ou  petit  rond, 
Trou  tpineux. 

Spinal  Irrita'tion,  Bhachialgi'tis,  Bhachial'- 
gia,  Neural'gia  spina'lis,  Notal'gia.  A  modern 
pathological  view,  which  refers  most  nervous  dis- 
eases to  irritation  of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irri- 
tation is  presumed  to  be  indicated  by  tenderness 
on  pressure  over  the  spinous  process  of  one  or 
more  vertebra),  or  over  the  nerves  proceeding 
from  the  cord  and  distributed  to  the  parts  at  the 
sides  of  the  spine.  Such  tenderness,  however, 
by  no  means  indicates  the  pathological  condition 
in  question,  as  it  is  often  met  with  in  those  en- 
joying perfect  health.  The  treatment  advised  is 
cupping  and  counter-irritation  on  each  side  of 
the  spine,  which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  dis- 
eases, no  matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  be 
in  a  morbid  state,  by  exciting  a  new  and  revel- 
lent  impression  on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  tha 
cutaneous  surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Ac'eeesory  of  the  Par  vagvm 
or  Sth  pair,  Accessory  nerve  of  Willis,  Spinal  Ac* 
oessory,  Spino-cranio-trapixien,  Superior  retfpira* 
tory  N.,  Eleventh  pair  of  encephalic  nerves,  Tra» 
ckilo-dorsal  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  medulla  spi- 


6PINALES 


806 


BPIEIT 


nalis,  m  ithta  the  vertebral  canal,  between  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical  nerves 
at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  cranium. 
The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve,  which  ascends 
into  the  cranium  through  the  foramen  magnum 
of  the  occipital  bone,  and  issues  by  the  foramen 
lace  rum  posterius,  crossing  the  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus,  to  which  it  gives  filaments,  and  losing 
itself  cuti rely  on  the  trapezius  muscle.  The  pneu- 
mogastric  and  spinal  accessory  nerves  together — 
nercus  vagus  cum  accesso'rio— resemble  tbe  spinal 
nerves  ;  the  former,  with  its  ganglion,  being  the 
posterior  root ;  the  latter,  the  anterior. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves — s.  Prolon- 
gation, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  System  or  Nerves,  see  Nerves. 

SPINALES  COLLI  MINOHES,  Interspinals 
colli  —  s.  et  Transversalos  luinborum,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi. 

SPINALIS  CERVICIS,  Semi-spinalis  colli— 
S.  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi,  Orand  ipineux  du  dot.  Spina- 
lis Dorsi  major,  Winslow  calls  thus  some  fleshy 
fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  lateral  surfaces 
of  the  spinous  processes;  from  the  third  dorsal 
vertobra  to  the  first  or  second  lumbar;  and  which 
form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis  of  most  au- 
thors. The  same  anatomist  calls — Spina' lit  Dorsi 
minor,  Petit  (pineux  du  dot  —  some  small,  fleshy 
fibres,  situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment. They  are  short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one 
Spinous  process  to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding, 
they  form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All 
these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral 
column. 

SPINATI,  Interspinales  colli 

SPINATUS,  Spinal. 

SPINDLE  THEE,  Euonymus  Americanus. 

SPINE,  Vertebral  column  —  s.  Curvature  of 
the,  Gibbositas — 8.  Hasmal,  Sternum — s.  Neural, 
Spinous  process. 

SPIXI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis posticus  major — s.  Axoido-trachUi-atlotdien, 
Obliquus  inferior  capitis. 

SPINITIS.  Myelitis. 

SPINO-DORSITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPIN  OLA,  see  Hydroracbis. 

SPINOSUS,  Spinal. 

SPINOUS,  SptWtat,  (P.)  Ifpinevx.  Having 
the  shape  of  a  spine  or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proc"esses  or  Apophyses  of  the 
Ver'tebra,  Aean'tha,  Spina,  Cynol'ophoi,  tfeural 
Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (P.)  Apophyses  Spineuses, 
are  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  each  vertebra, 
and  afford  attachment  to  the  muscles,  whose  office 
it  is  to  extend  the  spine.    See  Vertebra. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracules,  from  spiro,  'I 
breathe.'    Respiratory  pores  of  the  skin. 

SPIR^E  CEREBRI,  Convolutions,  cerebral 

SPIR^A  DENUDATA,  S.  ulmaria. 

Spir^'a  Filipbn'dula,  Filipendula,  jSirart/'- 
raga  rubra,  Dropwort,  (F.)  FilipenduU.  Family, 
Rosacea).  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant  is  said  to  possess  astringent  and 
lithontriptio  virtues. 

Spir.ea  Tomentosa,  Eardhack,  Red  meadow- 
iweet,  Steeple  bush,  Rosy  bush,  White  leaf.  This 
indigenous  species,  which  is  abundant  in  the 
northern  States  of  the  Union,  is  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent; and  is  usually  administered  either  in  the 
form  of  extract  or  decoction,  (Spiraa  3  as:  aqua 
Oj.) 

Spiraa  Tritoliata,  Gillenia  trifoliate* 

Sfir^A  Ulma'RIA,  &  denuda'ta,  Ulmaria,  U. 
palus'tris,  Regi'na  Prati,  Barba  capra,  Meadow 
Sweet,  Queen  of  the  Meadow,  Bar' hula  capri'na, 
(F.)  Ulmaire,  Heine  d*s  Pri*.    The  leaves  have 


been  recommended  as  mild  astringents: —fit 
flowers  as  antispasmodics  and  diaphoretic?. 

SPIRAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Palm*. 

SPIRAMENTUM  ANIMJE,  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM,  Lachrna: 
pun  eta  —  s.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRATIO,  Respiration. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itus;  from  spirare,  MoeiW 
(F.)  Esprit.  A  name  given  to  every  liquil  ?r- 
dnct  of  distillation.  Spirits  were  formerly  i:- ~- 
guished  into  —  inflammable,  acid,  and  oUilw 
and  consequently  a  number  of  substance*  was 
crowded  together,  which  often  re?emb>]  cvt 
other  in  no  other  property  than  in  being  tJita 
The  term  is  now  confined  to  alcoholic  ti'tH'4**' 
which  the  following  are  the  chief: 

Arrack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  5t:r 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  Urk  ••!  y 
Mimosa  leucophlea;  also  from  rice  and  the  fo- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm ;  made  in  Indix  !'•> 
varieties  are : — 

1.  Mahtcah  Arrack.  Made  in  India  frrn  tie 
flowers  of  the  Madbuca  tree,  Bassia  hhtyrn*. 

2.  Tuba.  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  tie  I :- 
lippine  Islands. 

Araka.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  k* 
mis,  fermented  mares'  milk. 

Araki.    Distilled  from  dates,  by  tbe  E(7ft»» 

Arika.  A  variety  of  koumis,  distilled  from  to- 
mented  mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Iceland. 

Brandy.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peacb*.  F* 
simmon,  apple,  mulberries,  and  sometime!  '"'* 
fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South  A:*- 
rica,  wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best  Vtk£ 
is  that  of  Cognac;  the  next,  that  of  Bcrdtas 
and  Rochelle.    The  varieties  are  — 

1.  Aguardiente,  (S.)  In  Peru,  the  «es* 
brandy  obtained  from  grapes  is  the  Jj«*rt'* 
de  Pisco,  so  called,  because  shipped  at  the  ?* 
of  Pisco.  Another  kind,  much  dearer,  id i: 
excellent  flavour,  is  made  from  Muscatel ?***• 
and  is  called  Aguardiente  de  Italia.  It  ia  sa- 
times  seen  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Lau.    Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

•  3.  Rakia.    Made  in  Dal  matia  from  th«t=»' 
of  grapes  mixed  with  aromatic*. 

4.  Rossolio.  Made  at  Dantzic,  from  i  eft- 
pound  of  brandy,  rossolls,  and  other  j»Uo:». 

5.  Troster.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  fra  * 
husks  of  grapes,  fermented  with  barle.r  and  ry 

6.  Sekis-kayavodka*  Made  from  the  «* ,: 
wine  and  fruit  at  Scio. 

Geneva  Hollands,  (geniivre,  Freneft  fir.*2' 
per.)  Distilled  from  malted  barley  and  m.  *•■■* 
tilled  on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.  Its  ">'" 
is  — 

Gin.  Made  in  England,  from  malted  krfc 
rye,  potatoes ;  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Gold  waster.  Distilled  at  Dantzic,  firon  *-** 
barley,  and  rye,  notified  with  aniseed,  ciaa*2* 
and  other  spices. 

Kirechwaeeer.  Distilled  from  the  M*^' 
cherry,  in  Switzerland- 

Maraschino.  Distilled  from  the  Ha** 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Rum,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  la*  *^ 
nal  syllable  of  the  word  saccharum:  bat  tfc?  f' 
riginal  Americans  call  this  liquor  Raa-,  • " 
tilled,  in  the  West  Indies  and  South  Amen*.  r« 
cane-sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North  Ae** 
from  maple-sugar.    Its  variety  is  — 

Slatkaia  trava.  Made  in  KamtsebatU2* 
a  sweet  grass.  _ 

Show-choo.  Distilled,  in  Chins,  torn**** 
of  mandarin,  a  wine  made  from  boiled  riff- 

Whisky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  froa  ><*: 
the  first  two  syllables  of  m+qmebagk,  tbe  ore* 
in  Ireland.)   Distilled,  in  SwUaod  aw  ^ 


SPIRITS 


807 


SPIRITUS 


land,  from  malted  and  raw  barley,  rye,  oats,  and 
potatoes ;  and  in  the  Bouth  of  France,  from  sloes. 
In  Ireland  it  was  called  buil-ceaun,  or  madness 
iff  the  head.  The  best  Scotch  whisky  is  GUmlivet, 
the  best  Irish,  Ennishowen. 

Y-wer-a.  Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  baked,  pounded, 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  be  added  an  intoxicating  liquor 
made  by  the  Aftghanistans,  from  ewes'  milk; 
and  that  made  in  Kamtschatka,  from  a  species 
of  mushroom,  named  muchumer. 

Spirit  op  Ay  is  red,  Spiritus  anisi— s.  Bathing, 
Freeman's,  see  Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 
s.  Bathing,  Jackson's,  see  Linimentum  saponis 
compos. — s.  Bczoardio  of  Bussius,  see  Bussii  spi- 
ritus Bezoarticus — s.  Bone,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu 
cervi — 6.  of  Burrhus,  Burr  hi  spiritus  matricalis — 
s.  of  Garraway,  Spiritus  carui — s.  of  Ether,  aro- 
matic, Spiritus  »theris  aromaticus  —  s.  Fuming, 
of  Beguiu,  Ammoni®  sulphuretum  —  s.  Fuming, 
of  Boyle,  Ammoniao  sulphuretum  —  8.  of  Harts- 
horn, Liquor  cornu  cervi  —  8.  of  Horseradish, 
compound,  Spiritus  armoraciaB  oompositus — s.  of 
Lavender,  Spiritus  la  van  dulse  —  s.  of  Lavender, 
compound,  Spiritus  lavandulre  compositus — s.  of 
Mindererus,  Liquor  ammonia)  acetatis — s.  of  Ni- 
tre, sweet,  Spiritus  aHheris  nitrici — s.  of  Nitric 
ether,  Spiritus  setheris  nitrici — s.  of  Pennyroyal, 
Spiritus  pulegii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  men- 
th»  piperita*  —  s.  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior  —  s.  of 
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  8.  of  Scurvygrass, 
golden,  see  Spiritus  armoracise  compositus — s.  of 
Spearmint,  Spiritus  menthsB  viridis —  8.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  Spiritus  aatheris  sulphurici  —  s.  of 
Sulphurio  ether,  compound,  Spiritus  aHheris  sul- 
phurici compositus — 8.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  tere- 
binth in  ee  rectifieatum —  s.  Verdigris,  Aceticum 
acidum— s.  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid — s.  of  Wine 
and  camphor,  Spiritus  camphor®. 

SPIRITS,  ANIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 

SPIRITUOUS,  Alcoholic. 

SPIRITUS,  Breath,  Life,  Respiration,  Spirit 

—  s.  JEthereus  nitrosus,  Spiritus  a>theris  nitrici 

—  s.  JEthereus  vitrioiicus,  Spiritus  aetheris  sul- 
phurici. 

Spir'itus  J2theris  Aromat'icub,  JEiher  Sul- 
phu'ricus  cum  alcoho'U  aromat' tens,  Elix'ir  vi- 
trio'li  dulce,  Sioeet  Elix'ir  of  Vitriol,  Viga'nVs 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ether, 
(Cinnam.  cort.  contus.  ^iij.  cardam.  sem.  con  tug. 
5Jiss.  pi  peris  lonyi  fruct.  conL,  zingib.  rad.  con- 
cis.,  sing.  3J-  spiritus  atheris  sulphuric.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate, for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel  and 
strain.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  in 
nervous  affections.    Dose,  Tjss  to  f 3j. 

Spiritus  JEtheris  Nit'rici,  Sp.  sEtheris  ni- 
tro'si,  Sp.  nitri  dulcis,  Sp.  JEthe'reus  nitro'sus, 
Siceet  Spirit  of  Nitre,  Nitre  drops,  jEther  nitri- 
cus  alcoolisa'tus,  Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether.  (Ni- 
trate of  Potassa,  in  coarse  powder,  Ibij,  Sulphuric 
acid,  fbiss;  Alcohol,  Oixss;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj; 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  3j.  Mix  the  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  the  alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort, 
and  having  gradually  poured  in  the  acid,  digest 
with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  hours ;  then  raise  the 
heat,  and  distil  a  gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor 
add  the  diluted  alcohol  and  carbonate  of  potassa, 
and  again  distil  a  gallon. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  re- 
frigerant, diuretic,  antispasmodic,  and  diaphore- 
tic. Dose,  gtt.  zxv  to  fZj.  Specific  gravity, 
0.834. 

Spiritus  ^Etheris  Sulphu'rici,  jEther  Sul- 
phuricus  cum  Alcoho'le,  Liquor  uEthe'reus  Sul~ 
phuricus,  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis,  Spiritus  jEthe~ 
ris  vitriol' ici,  Liquor  Sulphuric  us  alcoolisa'tus, 
Spirit  of  Sulphuric  Ether.  (^Ether.  sulphuric. 
Oss;   sp.  rec.  Oj.     Mix.     PA.  L.)     Stimulant, 


diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.    Dose, 
f 3ss  to  fjiy. 

Spiritus  JEtheris  Sulphurici  Compos'itus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842),  Sp.  atheris  vitriol' ici  composi- 
tus, Spiritus  JE'theris  compositus  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851), 
Liquor  anod'ynus  Hoffmanni,  Compound  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne  Liquor. 
L&thcr  Sulphuric.  Oss;  Alcohol,  Oj;  01.  AZther. 
f  Jiij.  Ph.  U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix.  A  stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.    Specific  gravity,  0.816. 

SPIRITU8     JEtHERIS    VlTRlOLICI     COMPOSITUS, 

Spiritus  cetheris  sulphuric,  comp. 

SPIRITtTS  Akho'hi^s,  AVkali  ammoni'acum 
spiritno'sum,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn,  Sp.  salis  am- 
nion? aci,  Ammoni'aca  alcoholisa'ta,  Liquor  am- 
mo'nix  vino's  us,  L.  ammonia  spirituo'sus,  Zi'xiV- 
ttim  ammoniaca'fe  vino' sum,  Spiritus  salis  am- 
moni'aci  vino'sus  sen  dulcis  seu  dulciflca'tus, 
Solu'tio  subcar bona 'tis  ammoni'aci  spirituo'sa, 
(F.)  Esprit  d'ammoniaqne.  (Ammon.  muriat.  In 
pulv.  subtilissim.,  calcis,  SS  ft> j  ;  alcohol,  f^xx; 
aqua,  f£ix.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime ;  the  muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well 
mixed  with  it,  and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammo- 
nia is  made  to  pass  into  the  distilled  water  con- 
tained in  a  quart  bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.    Dose,  f  5Jss  to  f  £j. 

Spiritus  Ammonijb  Aromat'icus,  Alcohol  am- 
monia'turn  aromaticum,  Aromatic  ammonia' ted  Al- 
cohol, Sal  volatile  Drops,  Spiritus  salis  volatilis 
oleo'sus,  Sp.  volatilis  aromaticus,  Sal  volatile  oleo- 
sum  Sylvii,  Sp.  ammonia  compos'itus,  Tinctu'ra 
aromatica  ammoniata,  Liquor  oleo'sus  Sylvii, 
Lixiv'ium  ammoniaca'U  aromaticum.  (Ammon. 
muriat.  3jv ;  Potass,  carb.  §viij,  cinnam.  conk, 
caryophyll.  contaa  g\y,  Linton,  cort.  %'iy  ;  alco- 
hol., aqua  aa,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  btimulant. 
Dose,  f^ss  to  f^j. 

Spiritus  Aujioxlb  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

Spiritus  Amitonlb  Fos'tidus,  Sp.  volat'ilis 
faetidus,  Fit  Drops,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn  fozti- 
dum,  Tinctu'ra  asafostida  ammoniata,  Fetid  Spirit 
of  Ammonia.  (Sp.  ammonia  Oij,  asafostida  ^y. 
Macerate  for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss.  Ph.  L.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.    Dose,  f7ss  tofgj. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Succina'tus,  Succinated 
Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Luce,  Am- 
moni'acum snecina'tum,  Aqua  Lu'cia,  Liquor  ex 
Ammonid  et  Oleo  Suc'cini,  Liquor  ex'citans,  Spi- 
ritus Ammonia  cum  Suc'cino,  Sp.  Salis  Ammoni'- 
aci lactcs'cens  seu  lacteus.  (Afastich.  IJiij,  sp. 
rect.  f  SJix,  ol.  lavand,  gtt.  Xiv,  ol.  succin.  gtt.  iv 
liq.  ammon.  f  £x.  Macerate  the  mnstich  in  tho 
alcohol,  and  pour  off  the  clear  tincture :  add  the 
rest  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic   Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f  3*s,  or  f£j. 

Spiritus  Anim ales,  see  Nervous  fluid. 

Spiritus  Ani'si,  Spiritus  Anisi  compos'itus, 
Aqua  anisi  for* lis,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Anisi  compo- 
sita,  Spirit  of  An'iseea,  ( F.)  Esprit  d'anis.  (Antsi 
sem.  cont.  Ibss,  spirit  tenuior.  cong.,  aqua  quod 
satis  sit  ad  prohibendum  empyreuma.  PL  L.) 
Carminative.  Dose,  fgss  to  f  Jss.  In  the  com- 
pound spirit,  angelica  is  usually  an  ingredient 

Spiritus  Acthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  Armora'cia  Compos'itus,  Sp.  fiaph'- 
ani  compositus,  Aqua  Raphani  composita,  Com- 
pound Spirit  of  Horseradish,  (P.)  Esprit  de  rai- 
fort  compost.  (Armorac.  rod.  recent,  concis., 
aurant.  cort.  exsicc,  sing.  Ibj,  myrist.  nttc.  contus. 
J 88,  spirit,  ten.  oong.  aqua  q.  s.  ad  prohibendum 
empyreuma.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  antiscor- 
butic. (?)    Dose,  f  3j,  to  f  Jir. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  grass — an  em- 
pirical preparation  —  is  formed  by  adding  gam- 
boge §vuj,  to  one  gallon  of  the  sp.  armoracim 
compositus. 


SPIRITUS 


808 


SPIRITUS 


OreenougVt  Tincture  for  the  teeth,  is  formed  of 
cmygd.  amar.  ^ij,  lig.  Bresil.,  cassia  bacc,  aa 
giv,  irid.  Florent.  Jij,  coccineli.,  sal.  acetoselia, 
alum,  aa  Sjj,  sp.  vin,  red.  Oy,  sp.  armoracia  comp. 

Spiritus  Bequixis,  Ammonia  sulphuretum — 
0.  Bellidis,  see  Osmitopsis  asterisooides. 

Spirit ds  Camph'ora,  Sp.  camphora'tus,  Sp. 
vino' sus  camphoratus,  Tinctu'ra  Camphora,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Spirit  of  Wine  and  Camphor,  Spirit  of 
Camphor,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Camphre,  Alcool  camphrS, 
Eau  de  Vie  camphrie.  {Camphor.  £\v,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discu- 
tient   Used  only  externally. 

Spiritus  Car'ui,  Sp.  Cari  Carui,  Spirit  of 
Car' r away,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Carui  fortis,  A.  Sem'- 
inum  Carui,  Strong  Carui  Waters,  (F.)  Esprit  de 
Carvi.  ( Carui  tern.  eont.  Ibiss,  sp.  tenuior.  cong., 
aqua  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive.   Dose,  fgj  to  fgss. 

Spiritus  Cinnauo'mi,  Sp.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Spirit  of  Oin'namon,  Aqua  Cinnamomi  forth, 
Aqua  Cinnatn.  spirituo'sa,  Strong  Cinnamon  Wa- 
ter, (F.)  Esprit  de  Cannelle.  (Cort.  einnam.  J)v, 
tp.  rect.  Oivss.)  Stimulant  and  carminative. 
Dose,  f3J  to  f  Jss. 

Spiritus  Col'chici  Avhonia'tus,  Ammoniated 
Spirit  of  Oolchicum.  (Sem.  eolchic.  eont.  3£ij,  sp. 
ammon.  aromat.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Narcotic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic  Used  in  gout,  rheumatism,  and 
dropsy.    Dose,  from  gtt  xxx  to  fgj* 

Spiritus  Corn u  Cbrvi,  Liquor  C.  C.  —  s.  Fu- 
mans  Beguini,  Ammonia)  sulphuretum — s.  Geni- 
talis, Aura  seminis. 

Spiritus  Junip'eri  Compos'itus,  Cbmpound 
Spirit  of  Juniper,  Aqua  Junip'eri  composita,  (F.) 
JSsprit  de  genilvre  compost.  (  01.  junip.  S^isB,  01. 
carui,  01.  fotnicul.,  aa  £x j  Alcohol  dilut.  cong. 
Solve.  Ph.  U.S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
f3J  to  fgss. 

Spiritus  Lauri  Cixnaxomi,  Spiritus  cinna- 
momi. 

Spiritus  Layan'dula,  Sp.  Lavandula  spica, 
Spirit  of  Lav'ender,  Sp.  Lavand.  simpl.,  Laven- 
der Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Lavande.  (Lavand. 
recent  Ibij,  Alcohol,  cong.,  aqua  Oij.  Distil  a 
gallon.)  Usually  made  by  adding  the  oil  to 
rectified  spirit.    Used  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Spiritus  Lavandula  Compos'itus,  Tinctu'ra 
Lavandula  composita,  Red  Hartshorn,  Lavender 
drop*,  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  (F.)  Esprit 
de  Lavande  compoei.  (Sp.  Lavand.  Oiij,  ep.  ros- 
marin.  Oj,  einnam.  oontus.  Jj,  myrutic.  eont  Jss. 
caryophyll.  eont  gij,  eantali  cone.  gig.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Stimu- 
lant   Dose,  gtt  xl  to  fgij. 

Spiritus  Lbthalis,  Carbonio  acid — s.  Lum- 
bricorum,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervL 

Spiritus  Mentha  Pipbri'ta,  Spirit  of  Pep- 
permint, Aqua  Mentha  piperit'idis  spirituo'sa, 
Sp.  Mentha  piperifidis  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe 
poivrie.  (Olei  menth.  pip.  J^vjss,  ep.  rect\f. 
Oivss,  aqua,  q.  s.  distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Car- 
minative and  stimulant    Dose,  fgss  to  f^iij. 

Spiritus  Mentha  Sativa,  Spiritus  menthee 
riridis. 

Spiritus  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Spearmint,  Spi- 
ritus mentha  sati'va,  Aqua  Mentha  vulga'ris 
2irituo'sa,  (F.)  Etprit  de  Menthe  verte.  (Olei 
enth.  viria.  J)  visa,  sp.  rectif.  Oivss,  aq.  q.  s. 
Distil  a  gallon.  PA.  L.)  Like  the  last  in  pro- 
perties and  dose. 

Spiritus  Millbpbdaruy,  Liquor  cornu  cervL 

Spiritus  Myris'tica,  Spiritus  Myrittica  Mos- 
cha'ta,  Sp.  Nucit  Moschata,  Aaua  Nucis  Mos- 
chata, Nutmeg   Water,  Aqua  Nephrit'ica,  (F.) 


Esprit  de  Mutcade.  (MyrisL  eont  J\j,  Ale&L 
dil.  cong.,  aqua  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.)  Cwiii 
and  carminative.    Dose,  fg  to  f  Jit. 

Spiritus  Myrti  Pikbnta,  Spiritus  plana 
— s.  Nitri  acidus,  Nitric  acid — s.  Xitri  dtki, 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrici  —  s.  Nitri  duplex,  Sjtj 
acid  —  s.  Nitri  fumans,  Nitric  acid— s.  Xci 
Glauberi,  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri  simplex.  i«  Xi- 
trie  acid  —  s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  see  Nitric  aeii-t. 
Nucis  moschata),  Spiritus  myristica— t.  <.H,b- 
thalmious  Mindereri,  Liquor  ammonias  %ttuzi- 

SPIRITU8  Pimen'ta,  Sp.  Myrti  PimaAe.  >y- 
ritut  Pimento,  Spirit  of  Pimento,  Aqw  M-rd- 
Hit.  (01.  Piment.  f.  Jij,  Alcohol.  rf'i.L  c  zi 
Solve.  Ph.  U.S.)  Cordial  and  carminative.  1^ 
f$  to  fjiv. 

Spiritus  Pule'gii,  Spirit  of  Pennyroyl  J-j* 
Pulegii  spirituo'sa,  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  fa*?. 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Pouliot.  (Olei  pulegii  ^vij, *t 
rect.  Oivss,  aqua,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon,  ti 
L.)  Same  as  Bpirit  of  spearmint  in  pvper&a 
and  dose. 

Spiritus  Pyro-acbticus,  Acetone. 

Spiritus  Rectifica'tus,  Sp.  Yini  rttti****- 
(Enottag'ma,  OBnela'um,  Pvrv'nus,  Sp.  F» 
sus  recti ficatus,  Al'cohol,  A.  Vini,  Spirit  tf  W* 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Vin  rtctifii.  Rectified  *pcA  is 
much  used  in  Pharmacy  to  dissolve  refio<s$£i 
other  substances.  It  is  seldom  exhibited  us- 
ually ;  although  it  exists  in  the  dilated  mtt  i 
all  vinous  and  spirituous  liquors.  Extomlij. : 
is  employed  as  a  discutient  —  S.  g.,  s«oH*:'. 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia,  0.83S;  tecordiLr- 
that  of  Dublin,  0.840 ;  of  Edinburgh  and  U&w 
States,  0.835,  (see  Alcohol,)  and  of  ParM'l1 
to  0.827. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Aroma — s.  Raphssi  ks- 
positus,  Spiritus  armoracise  compositus. 

Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  RoemariM  *."'*- 
na'lit,  Spirit  of  Rosemary,  Spiritus  Aslh*.  H*+ 
gary  Water,  (F.)  Esprit  tie  Rowarin.  (0Cf» 
marini  ^iv,  Alcohol,  cong.  Solre.  Ph.  U.  -. 
Stimulant    Dose,  fTj  to  f^iv. 

Spiritus  Salis  Acinus  sen  FrxASS,  Mc> 
ticum  acidum  —  8.  Salis  ammoniaci,  S"|ri« 
ammonia)  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  aquosaf.  Lm.cC 
ammonia  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  l*ct«ofiii/* 
lacteus,  Spiritus  ammonias  succinates—*.^ 
ammoniaci  sulphuratus,  Ammonia  tulpfiirf=* 
— s.  Salis  Glauberi,  Muriaticum  acidnm— f-  ^ 
marini,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Sals  eit:' 
coagulatus,  Potassss  murias  —  a.  Salis  t,.j^ 
oleosus,  Spiritus  ammonue  aromaticas— a* 
phurico-sethereus  camphoratus,  Tinctors  *-^* 
composita  —  s.  Sulphurico-sethereus  nsru^ 
Tinotura  seu  Alcohol  sulphurioo-sthertBs  wa 

—  s.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid — a  SclfferJ 
per  eampanam,  Sulphurous  acid — s.  So^i**J 
volatilis,  Ammoniss  sulphuretum — s.  Salpte^ 
sus  volatilis,  Sulphurous  acid. 

Spiritus  Trku'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'twm,  S^ 
vino' sue  tenu'ior,  Proof  Spirit  (F.)  Eeprit  it  r* 
dilayt.  Generally  made  for  pharmaceatial  re- 
poses, by  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified  5** 
and  water.  S.  g.  Lond.  0.920;  Kdisb.  & 
United  States,  0.935.  It  is  employed  is  ^ 
same  cases  as  those  in  which  the  alcohol  b  **: 

—  chiefly,  as  a  solvent  of  vegetable  nuUtf^  3 
the  form  of  tinctures. 

Spiritus  Veneris,  Aceticum  acidon—s^* 
rectifioatus,  Spiritus  rectifieatus — s.  Tin«o><*s 
phoratus,  Spiritus  camphors© — s,  Viaosss  tni " 
Spiritus  tenuior  —  s.  Vitalis,  Nervous  Imi-^ 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  — a.  Vitrioli  •&»}* 
leri,  Sulphurieum  acidum  dilutum— s.  ^'T> ' 
coagulatus  MynsichU,  Potasese  sulphas— a  ^- '  ' 
dulcis,  Spiritus  sstheris  sulphurici— a  ^"";- 
phlogisticatus,    Sulphurona    acid  — a  X&>* 


spnton)  canal 


SPLENIC 


aromatlous,  Spiritos  ammonias  aromaticu* — a. 
Volatilis  foetidus,  Spiritus  ammonite  foetidus. 

BPIROID  CANAL,  Aquseduotus  Fallopii. 

SPIROMETER;  badly  compounded  from 
spiro,  '  I  breathe/  and  ptrpov,  <a  measure :' — pro- 
perly Anapnom'eter,  Pneusom'eter,  Pneumom'eter, 
Pneumatom'eter.  Any  instrument  for  measuring 
the  quantity  of  air  concerned  in  respiration,  and, 
consequently,  the  capacity  of  the  lungs. 

SPIROPTERA  HOMINIS,  see  Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SPIT'AL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The 
village  of  Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Tweed,  near  Tweedmouth.  The  springs  there 
oontain  chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  act  as  saline 
cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  Dorans.  A  measure  of  twelve 
fingers'  breadth. 

SPITTING,  Exspuition. 

SPITTLE,  Saliva— s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCHNA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNECTOP'IA,  Splanchnodias'tasis, 
Situs  perver1  sue  seu  anom'alus  intestinotrum  ;  from 
mrXayxvov,  '  an  intestine/  c«,  '  out  of/  and  rorot, 
'place/  Misplacement  or  ectopia  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

SPLANCHNELMINTHA,  Worms. 

SPLANCHNEURYS'MA,  from  «Xay?r>w,  'an 
intestine/  and  tvovw*,  *  I  dilate.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splanch'nicus,  Vis'ceral,  from 
rw\ayx*ev,  '  viscus.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cavities  are  the  three  great  ca- 
vities of  the  body; — those  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nerves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into :  —  1.  The  great 
splanchnic  nerve,  (F.)  Grand  surrinal  (Ch.), 
Its  roots — four  or  five  in  number,  come  from  the 
6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th,  tho- 
racic ganglia.  They  descend  inwards,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleura, 
and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters  the 
abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy  fibres 
of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm ;  passes  behind 
the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
which  pass  into  the  semilunar  ganglion.  2.  The 
letter  splanchnic  nerve,  Renal  nerve,  (F.)  Splanch- 
nique  accessoirc  of  Walther,  Petit  surr(nal,  (Ch.,) 
ifl  composed  of  two  distinct  branches,  proceeding 
from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracio  ganglion,  which 
unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  vertebra  into  a  cord,  that 
pieroes  the  diaphragm  singly ;  enters  the  abdo- 
men, and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
anastomoses  with  the  greater  splanchnic  nerve, 
whilst  the  other  sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal 
and  solar  plexuses. 

SPLANCH'NICA.  Medicines  adapted  to  dis- 
eases of  the  bowels.  Also,  the  2d  order  of  the 
class  Caliaea  of  Good ;  defined, — diseases  affect- 
ing the  collatitious  viscera,  and  characterized  by 
disquiet  or  diseased  action  in  the  organs  auxiliary 
to  the  digestive  process,  without  primary  inflam- 
mation. 

8PLANCHNODIASTASIS,  Splanchnectopia. 

SPLANCHNOD'YNE,  from  mrXayaw,  'a  vis- 
eus/  and  oSwn,  '  pain.'    Pain  in  the  bowels. 

SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA,  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY,  Splanchnogra'phia, 
from  <nr\ayxvov, '  a  viscus/  and  Xoyog,  '  a  descrip- 
tion.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
viscera. 


SPLANCHNOLITHI'ASIS;  from  m\ayx»9t 
'  a  viscus/  and  Xiffor, '  a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  ooncretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOLOGY,  Splanchnol»a"ia,  from 
vrXaygw, '  a  viscus/  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  viscera: — also,  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNOPATHI'A,  from  e*\ayX*oi,,  'a 
viscus/  and  xoSof, '  suffering.'  A  disease  of  the 
intestines. 

SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS,  from  <nrXoy;rw, 
'a  viscus/  and  exXijpos,  '  hard.'  Induration  of  a 
viscus. 

SPLANCHNOT'OMY,  Splanchnotom' ia, 
Splanchnot'omi,  from  ewXay^yov,  'a  visous/  and 
rcpw,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  or  anatomy  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLAYFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLEEN,  Lien,  Hepar  sinis'trum  seu  adulte- 
rs'num,  (F.)  Hate.  A  soft,  spongy,  parenchyma- 
tous organ ;  of  a  more  or  less  deep  violet  red, 
situate  deeply  in  the  left  hypochondrium,  below 
the  diaphragm,  above  the  colon,  between  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  stomach  and  the  cartilages  of 
the  false  ribs,  and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kid- 
ney. Its  ordinary  length  is  4£  inches ;  its  thick- 
ness 2} ;  and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parenchyma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude  of 
grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  granulations 
—  splenic  corpuscles  or  Malpighian  bodies  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  covered  by  a  serous  membrane, 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum;  and  by  a  proper 
coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature,  whioh  is  intimately  united 
with  it,  and  transmits  into  its  interior  delicate, 
solid,  and  very  elastio  prolongations  —  trabecules. 
At  its  inner  edge  is  a  fissure,  by  which  the 
vessels  and  nerves  enter  the  organ.  The  fune 
tions  of  the  spleen  are  unknown.  One  of  the 
latest  opinions  is,  that  it  belongs  to  the  lymphatic 
system ;  and  acts  as  a  diverticulum  to  the  vas- 
cular system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis  —  s.  Malpighian  bo- 
dies of  the,  see  Spleen — s.  Supernumerary,  Lien- 
culns. 

SPLEENWORT,  Asplenium,  A.  filix  fcemina, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia 
asplenifolia. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  Neural'qia  lie'nis,  Sple'nica, 
Splenodyn'ia,  from  tnrXrjv,  'the  spleen/  and  aXyo;, 
'  pain.'    Pain  in  the  spleen. 

Splbnalgia  Bengalensis,  see  Cachexia,  sple* 
nie — 8.  Phlcgmonodea,  Splenitis  —  s.  Subinflam- 
matoria  chronica,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  Lie'nis,  from 
(nrXi/v, '  spleen/  and  atrophia,  'atrophv.'  Wasting 
or  atrophy  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENAUXE,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENECTAMA,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENECTASIS,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENECTOM'IA,  Splenec'tomi,  from  <nrX*r, 
'the  spleen/  «*,  'out  of/  and  n/tvw,  'I  cut.'  Ex- 
tirpation of  the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Disloca'tio  lie'nis  seu  spls- 
nis;  from  rvXfty,  'the  spleen/  and  tKTowof,  'out 
of  place.'  Dislocation  of  the  spleen.  Not  a  com- 
mon occurrence. 

SPLENEMPHRAX'IS,  Splenophrax'ia,  from 
<nrX»7v,  'the  spleen/  and  qftyaoww,  'I  obstruct' 
Obstruction  of  the  spleen. — Vogel.  See  Splenon- 
cus. 

SPLENES,  Hypochondriasis. 

SPLENET'ICUS,  Sple'nicus,  Splenit'icus,  Lie- 
no' sue,  (F.)  Ratfleuz.  That  which  relates  to  the 
spleen :  one  labouring  under  diseased  spleen.  A 
medicine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENIC,  Sple'nicus,  Sple'nius,  from  nrXip^ 
'the  spleen.'    That  which  relates  to  the  spleen* 


SPLENICA 


810 


SPONDYLOPATHY 


Spleotc  Abtert.  It  arises  from  the  cceliac ; 
and  passes  from  right  to  left,  forming  many 
windings  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.  It  reaches 
the  fissure  of  the  spleen,  and  dirides  into  several 
branches  that  enter  the  organ.  In  its  course  it 
furnishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastroepiploic,  and 
the  vasa  breria. 

Splenic  Cachexia,  see  Cachexia  splenica — s. 
Corpuscles,  see  Spleen. 

Splkhic  Plexcs  is  a  nervous  network,  which 
proceeds  from  the  cceliac  plexus,  and  accompa- 
nies the  splenic  artery,  sending  secondary  plex- 
uses to  each  division. 

Splenic  Veih  arises  from  the  spleen,  and  ac- 
companies the  splenic  artery;  proceeding  from 
left  to  right,  to  unite  with  the  superior  mesenteric 
rein,  and  to  form,  with  it,  the  abdominal  vena 
porta.  In  its  course,  it  receives  veins  correspond- 
ing to  the  vasa  Previa,  the  right  and  left  gastro- 
epiploic, the  duodenal,  pancreatic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  inferior  mesenteric  veins. 

6PLEXICA,  Splenalgia.  Also,  medicines  which 
affect  the  spleen.  — Pereira. 
SPLENIC  US,  Spleneticus,  Splenic 
SPLEXIOLA,  Compress. 
SPLEXIS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 
SPL&XISATIOX,  SplenixaUon, 
SPLEXISCUS,  Compress. 
SPLEXITICUS,  Splenic. 
SPLEXI'TIS,  from  c*\nv,  'the  spleen,'  and 
(tie,  denoting  inflammation.    Inflammation  of  the 
spleen.    Empreima  splenitis,  Infiamma'tio  lie'nis, 
Lsplenis,  Splenal'gia  phleymono' dea,  (F.)  Inflam- 
mation de  la  Bate.    A  rare  disease,  characterised 
by  local  pain,  swelling,  and  heat,  which  sometimes 
terminates  by  suppuration.    It  must  be  treated 
like  other  inflammations. 

SPLEXIUM,  Compress  — 8.  Corporis  Callosi, 
see  Corpus  callosum —  s.  Cruciatum,  Croix  de 
Jtalte. 

SPLE'NIUS,  S.  Cap'itis,  S.  Colli,  (F.)  Cervico- 
dorso-mastoidien  et  dorso-trachllien,  Cervico-mas- 
toldien  (Ch.),  Posterior  mastoid  muscle.  So  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  spleen  of  certain  ani- 
mals. A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  upper  part  of  the  back.  It  is  much 
broader  above  than  below,  where  it  terminates  in 
a  point.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  edge,  to  the 
spinous  processes  of  the  first  five  dorsal  vertebras; 
to  that  of  the  7th  cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  part 
of  the  posterior  cervical  ligament  By  its  upper 
extremity,  it  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrro,  to  the 
mastoid  process,  and  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  occipital  bone.  Some  have  considered  this 
muscle  to  be  formed  of  two  portions,  which  they 
have  called  Splenitis  colli,  and  Splenitis  eap'itis. 
The  splenius  extends  the  head,  inclines  it,  and 
rotates  it.  If  the  splenii  of  each  side  act  together, 
they  extend  thehcad. 

SPLENIZA'TION,  Splenixatio,  (F.)  SpUnisa- 
tion,  from  crXtfv,  'the  spleen/  A  term  applied  to 
the  state  of  the  lung  in  the  first  or  second  stage 
of  pneumonia  in  which  its  tissue  resembles  that 
of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOCE'LE,  Her'nia  liena'li*,  from  <nrXijr, 
'  the  spleen/  and  xnXn, '  a  tumour/  Hernia  formed 
by  the  spleen. 
SPLEXODYNIA,  Splenalgia. 
SPLENOGRAPHY,  SpUnograpK'ia,  from 
tirXqv,  '  the  spleen/  and  ypa<pn,  '  a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOKE'MIA,  (F.)  SpUnohtmie,  from 
vrXrjv,  'tne  spleen/  and  'ai/M,  'blood.'  Conges- 
tion or  hyperemia  of  the  spleen,  a  common  phe- 
nomenon in  many  diseases,  especially  in  typhoid 
and  intermittent  fevers. 


SPLENOID,    Spleno\*demt    Spleno'det, 
ttXnv, ' spleen/  and  uies,  'resemblance/    Spleen- 
like.    Having  the  appearance  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOL'OGY,  Splenologttia1  from  «rXf* 
'  the  spleen/  and  leys,  *  a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  the  spleen. 
SPLEXOXCIE,  Splenoncns. 
&?LESOX,CX:&,Megalo^e'nia,Hypertropktui 
sen  Sttpernutrit"io  splenis  sen  fiV»i#,  Intumcscen'- 
tia  sen  In  fare' hi*  sen  Physeo'nia  lienis,  SplenaT- 
gia  svbinflammato'ria  ciroa'tea,  Splenempkraxfi*, 
StUenaux'e,  HyperspUnotroph'ia,  Lien  ingens, 
(F.)  SpUnoncie,  Hypertropkie  de  la  Hate;  from 
(rvAipr,  '  the  spleen,'  and  oy*ot,  '  a  tumour/  Tu- 
mefaction of  the  spleen.    See  Ague  cake. 

SPLENOPAREC'TAMA,  Splcnrc'tama,  Sple- 
noparec' tasis,    Spletuc' taris,    from    rrXir»,    'the 
spleen/  and  *a/>  ccrajia, '  excessive  volume-'    Ex- 
cessive enlargement  of  the  spleen. — PlouequeL 
SPLEN0PARECTASI8,  Splenoparectama, 
SPLENOPHRAXIA,  Splenemphraxis. 
SPLENORRHAG"IA,from  crX*», ' the  spleen,' 
and  payv,  '  rupture/   Hemorrhage  from  the  spleen. 
SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,from  arX*r,  *the  spleen/ 
and  oKipfou '  hardness.'    Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the 
spleen.  ' 

SP^ENOT'OMY,  Splenoton'ia,  Splenol'omi, 
from  oVAiiv,  ' the  spleen/  and  rtpuns,  'I  cut.'  Dis- 
section of  the  spleen. 

SPLINT,  Tent.  Splin  tert  from  splijten, 
'to  split/  Hastel'la,  Assfula,  Asser'culum,  Plag'- 
vla,  Xarthex,  Ferula,  (F.)  Attelle,  Edits*.  A 
flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  fragments  in 
apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement. 
Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of  trees, 
leather,  gutta  percha,  pasteboard,  Ac.  They  are 
generally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tapes,  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLINTER,  (F.)  Esqnille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small  portion 
of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the  skin,  and 
gives  occasion  to  much  irritation  until  it  is  re- 
moved,— Aeu'lens  lig'neus,  (F.)  Echarde. 

It  is  also  applied  to  fragments  that  separate 
from  a  fractured  or  diseased  bone. 
SPLITROCK,  Heuchera  cortusa. 
SPODIUM  GRiECORUM,  Album  graecum. 
SPOLIARIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPO'LIATIVE,   Spoliati'raf   from   spoliot  'I 
take  away/    Phlebotom'ia  spoliati'ifar  (F.)  Saignfe 
spoliative.    Blood-letting,  used  for  the  purpose 
of  diminishing  the  mass  of  blood. 
SPOLIATORIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPONDYLALGIA,    Spondylodynia,   from 
cxovhv\oi,  'a  vertebra,'  and  aly°sf  'pain/     Pain 
in  the  vertebrae.     Cacorrhachitis.     See  Vertebral 
Disease. 

SPONDYLARTHRITIS,  from  «nro*a»X©«,  'a 
vertebra,'  apSpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Gouty  or  rheumatic  inflammation 
of  the  spinal  column. 
SPONDYLARTIIROCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPONDYLI,  Vertebras. 
SPONDYLIS,  Coccyx. 

SPONDYLITIS,  Infiamma'tio  ver'tebr*,  from 
<nrov$v>og,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  vertebra. 

SPONDYLIUM,  Coccyx,  Heraclenm  spondy- 
lium. 
SPONDYLOCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia. 
SPONDYLOPATHY,  from  <rW«X*,  'a  ver- 
tebra,' and  raBott  'a  disease/    A  disease  of  the 
vertebral  column. 


6PONDYLO^rOSIS 


811 


SPUTUM 


8P0NDYL0PY0SIS,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPOND'YLUS,  9*ov&v\os.     A  vertebra;  and, 
especially,  the  two  large  cervical  vertebrae.  Also, 
the  vertex. 

SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Alcyonium. 
SPONGI.  The  tumefied  glands  of  the  neck. 
BPON'GIA,  Spongos,  Sphongus,  Spongia  offi- 
cinalis, Spon'gia  Mari'na,  Sponge,  (F.)  Eponge. 
An  organized  marine  substance,  of  the  great  class 
of  Zoophytes,  met  with  in  many  seas,  bat  espe- 
cially in  the  Mediterranean  and  Arabian.  It  is 
supple,  elastic,  porous,  and  capable  of  absorbing 
fluids  in  which  it  may  be  placed,  and  of  thus  in- 
creasing in  size.  It  is  employed  in  surgery,  for 
cleansing  or  washing;  for  absorbing  acrid  dis- 
charges from  ulcers;  suppressing  hemorrhage 
when  the  mouth  of  the  vessel  can  be  compressed 
by  it,  and  for  forming  tents  for  dilating  wounds ; 
in  which  case,  the  sponge  is  immersed  in  melting 
wax,  and  cooled  before  being  used.  It  is  then 
called  Prepared  Sponge  or  Sponge  Tent. 

Spongia  Assa,  25.  Usta — s.  Cynosbati,  Bedegar. 
Spongia  Usta,  S.  Assa,  Carlo  spon'gia,  Burnt 
Sponge,  contains  carbonate  and  phosphate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  soda,  charcoal,  and  iodine.  It  is 
used  in  bronchoceie,  scrofulous  affections,  and 
herpetic  eruptions ;  and  it*  good  effects  seem  to 
be  dependent  upon  iodine.  It  is  made  by  cutting 
sponge  into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  ex- 
traneous matter  may  be  separated j  burning  it  in 
a  close  iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and 
friable,  and,  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine 
powder.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

SPON'GLE  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to  small 
friable  stones  found  in  sponge.  They  were  for- 
merly esteemed  lithontriptic. 
SPONGIODES,  Spongoid. 
SPONOJOLE,  Spongiolum  :  from  <nroyyiov,  'a 
small  sponge.'  The  soft  succulent  extremity  of  the 
fibrils  or  true  roots  of  a  plant,  by  which  it  absorbs 
or  sucks  up  fluid.  Similar  spongioles  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  at  the  terminations  of  the 
absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'GION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung :  and  also  of  a  molagnia, 
which  was  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge.  —  Paulus,  Gor- 
rasus. 

SPONGIOSUM  (OS),  Ethmoid  bone. 
SPOXGIOSUS,  Spongoid. 
SPONGOID,   Spongoxdes,  Spongioses,  Sjpn- 
gio'sus,  from  <rwoyyia,  *  sponge/  and  eiSos,  *  resem- 
blance.1   Resembling  sponge.     Of  the  nature  of 
sponge. 
Spongoid  Inflammation,  Hcematodes  fungus. 
Spongoid  Tissue,  (F.)  Ttssu  spongaide.    An 
adventitious  spongy  tissue,  found  in  cases  of 
rickets.  —  GuSrin. 
SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONSA  SOLIS,  Calendula  officinalis. 
SPONTANEOUS,  Spanta'neue,  from  sponte, 
'voluntarily/  That  which  occurs  of  itself,  or 
without  any  manifest  external  cause.  Evacua- 
tions are  termed  spontaneous,  which  are  not  pro- 
duced by  medicine.  Spontaneous  las'situde  is 
that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue.  Diseases 
are  also  spontaneous  which  Bupervene  without 
apparent  cause.  Spontaneous  Amputa'tion  is  the 
separation  of  a  limb  from  the  foetus  in  utero. 

Spontaneous  Evolution,  see  Evolution  —  s. 
Version,  Evolution,  spontaneous. 

SPOSTlSPARITlS,  Generation,  spontaneous. 
SPOONWOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia. 
SPORAD'IC,  Spor'ades,  Sporad'ici,  Morbi  die- 
per'si,  Morbi  spar  si }  from  axuptir,  l  to  spread/ 
Diseases  are  so  called  which  supervene  indiffer- 
ently in  every  season  and  situation!  from  acci- 


dental causes,  and  independently  of  any  epidemic 
or  contagious  influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor'ulum,  from 
cwupw,  *  I  sow.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORID'IUMj  same  etymon.    The  reproduc- 
tive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resembles 
the  spore  of  other  plants. 
SPORULE,  Spore. 
SPORUM,  Spore. 

SPOTS,  GERMINAL,  see  Molecule. 
Spots,  Red,  (F.)  Taches  rouges,  Bote  spots. 
Small  red  spots  which  appear  in  typhoid  fever, 
from  the  Sth  to  the  15th  day  of  the  disease.  They 
are  most  frequently  seen  on  the  lower  and  middle 
portions  of  the  chest,  and  upper  port  of  the  ab- 
domen. 
Spots,  Rose,  Spots,  red. 
SPRAIN,  corrupted  from  strain :  —  Subluxa'- 
tWf  Distor'tio,  Dxas'trophe,  Diastrem'ma,  Luxa'- 
tio  imperfecta,  Exarthre'tna,  Exarthro'sis,  Stretn- 
ma,  Thlasma  Stremma ;  a  wrench,  (F.)  Bitorse, 
Entorse,  Foulure.  A  violent  straining  or  twisting 
of  the  soft  parts  surrounding  the  joints.  Accor- 
ding to  the  degree  of  the  sprain,  the  fibrous  parts 
of  the  joint  may  be  simply  stretched,  or  they 
may  be  ruptured.  This  affection,  which  has  been 
regarded  as  incomplete  luxation,  occurs,  particu- 
larly, in  the  ginglymoid  joints ;  —  as  in  the  foot, 
wrist,  knee,  Ac.  The  violence  causes  an  afflux 
of  blood j  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out, 
and  often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rupture 
of  vessels ;  and  inflammation  arises,  which  ends 
in  resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiphlogistic 
applications  are  required,  with  perfect  rest ;  and, 
when  the  inflammatory  action  has  subsided,  cold 
pumping  and  friction,  with  the  application  of  a 
plaster  and  bandage,  will  afford  support  till  the 
parts  affected  recover  their  duo  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOW-BILLED,  Clnpea  thryssa. 
SPRUCE  BEER,  White  Spruce  Beer.  A  beer 
made  as  follows:  To  10  gallons  of  water,  add  6 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  spruce. 
Add  yeast,  and  bottle,  when  ready.  It  is  grate- 
ful and  antiscorbutic. 

Spruce  Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of 
white  sugar,  JJj,  and  J)ij ;  sod<B  subcarb.,  gr.  xxvj ; 
essence  of  spruce,  gr.  x,  in  each  blue  paper;  and 
acid  of  tartar,  gss  in  each  white  paper.  For  half 
a  pint  of  water. 

SPUITIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUMA  ARGENTI,  Plumbi  oxydum   semi-' 
vitreum — s.  Cerevisiae,  Yest — s.  Trium  draconum, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 
SPUMEUX,  Frothy. 
SPUMOSUS,  Frothy. 
SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 
SPUR,  Sax.  rpur,  (F.)  jfiperon  des  Artires. 
The  angle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity  or 
trunk. 
Spur,  Ergot 

SPURGE,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  s. 
Cypress,  Euphorbia  Cyparissias — s.  Flax,  Daphne 
gnidium  —  s.  Flowering,  large,  Euphorbia  corol- 
lata — s.  Garden,  Euphorbia  lathyris — s.  Greater, 
Euphorbia  palustris— 8.  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha  —  s.  Laurel,  Daphne  laureola  —  s. 
Marsh,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  s.  Olive,  Cneorum 
tricocenra — s.  Olive,  Daphno  mezereum — s.  Sea, 
Euphorbia  paralias. 
SPUTA,  PRUNE  JUICE,  see  Prune  Jufco, 
SPUTAMEX,  Saliva,  Sputum. 
SPUTAMENTUM,  Saliva,  Sputum. 
SPUTATIO,  Exspuition. 
SPUTATION,  Exspuition. 
SPUTUM,  Plural,  Sputa,  Apochrem'ma,Clrem. 
ma,  Empty s' ma,  Sputa' men,  Pty'tlon,  PftWwMk 


SQUALLING 


Spit,  from  &puere,  $putum,  'to  spit.'  (P.)  Orachat. 
The  secretions  ejected  from  the  mouth  in  the  act 
of  spitting.  It  is  composed  of  saliva,  and  of  the 
mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nasal  fossse  and  fauces,  and  often  by  the  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx  and  bronchia.  The  sputa 
are,  sometimes,  called  eruginoue,  when  of  a  green- 
ish-yellow colour;  gummy,  when  they  resemble 
a  thick  solution  of  gum ;  /rot hy,  (P.)  mouneux, 
when  covered  with  froth ;  rubiginous,  (F.)  rubi- 
ghteux  ou  rnuilUt,  when  of  a  reddish-yellow  j  and 
streaked,  (F.)  ttriii,  when  mixed  with  lines  of 
blood.    Also,  saliva. 

Sputum  Cruentum,  Haemoptysis  —  s.  Dulce, 
Bacoharorrhoea  pulmonalis — s.  Oris,  Salivation — 
s.  Saceharatum,  Sacoharorrhcea  pulmonalis  —  s. 
Sanguinis,  Haemoptysis. 
SQUALLING,  Vagitus. 
SQUAMA,  Scale,  Table. 
6QUAM M,  Scaly  diseases. 
BQUAMARIA,  Plumbago  Europaea, 
SQUAMEUX,  Squamous. 
SQUAMIFORMI8,  Squamous. 
SQUAMOUS,  Squamo'suB,  LepidoVdes,  Lepi- 
do'des,  Squamifor'mu,  Scaly;  from  squama,  'a 
scale.'  That  which  relates  to  or  resembles  a  scale. 
Squamous  Portiow  of  the  temporal  bone,  (P.) 
Portion  squameuse  ou  icailleuse  du  Temporal,  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  temporal,  so  called  from  a 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  scale. 

Squamous  Suture,  Sutu'ra  squamosa,  8.  men- 
do'sa  sen  lepidoei'des  sen  lepido'des,  Sutu'ra  era'- 
nii  tquamo'sa,  (P.)  Suture  squameuse  ou  icail- 
leuse. The  suture  which  unites  the  squamous 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone  to  the  parietal. 

Certain  scaly  cutaneous  affections    are    also 
called  squamous,  (F.)  squameux.    See  Scale. 
SQUARE  STALK,  Monarda  ooocinea, 
SQUAW-MINT,  Hedeoma. 
SQUAW-ROOT,  Actaea  racemosa,  Caulophyl- 
lu-m  thalictroldes. 

SQUAW- WEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 
SQUEAMISHNESS,  Fastidium  cibL 
SQUEAZINESS,  Nausea. 
SQUELETTE,  Skeleton. 
SQOELETTOLOOTE,  Skeletology. 
SQUILL,  Scilla— b.  Vinegar  of,  Aoetum  Bcill®. 
6QUILLA,  Scilla. 

SQUINANC1E,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 
6QUINANCY,C0MM0N,Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche. 
SQUINANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 
SQ171NE,  Smilar  China. 
SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
6QUINT-EYED,  see  Strabismus. 
SQUINTER,  see  Strabismus. 
SQUINTING.  Strabismus. 
SQUIRRE,  Scirrhus. 
SQUIRREL  CORN,  Dioentra  Canadensis. 
SQUIRROOASTRIE,  Scirrhogastria. 
SQUIRRUS,  Scirrhus. 
SQUIRT,  Syringe. 

STACHELBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Stachelberg  Springs  are  far  down  in  the  valley 
of  the  Linth,  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are 
sulphureous,  and  are  much  visited  by  gouty  and 
rheumatic  invalids. 

STACHTS  FOETID  A,  Galeopsis. 
STACTE,  Myrrha, 
STADE,  Stage. 
STADIUM,  Period,  Stage. 
BtVdium  Acmes  seu  Sta'seos.    The  period  of 
the  height  of  a  disease. 

Sta'dium  Ahwihilatio'nis  sen  Convalescen'- 
Tmb  seu  Reconvalescentije.  The  period  of 
recovery  from  disease. 

Stadium  Augmen'ti  seu  Incremen'ti  Morbi. 
The  period  or  stage  of  increase  of  a  disease. 


812  8TABHISAJQRS 

o  r 

Stadium  Caloris,  Stage,  (hot)— a.  CoMtk. 
centiec,  S.  annihilationis. 

Stadium  Dbcrrmek'tl  The  period  or  stags 
of  decrease  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Friooris,  Stage,  (cold)—  8.  Iwre- 
menti  Morbi,  8.  Augment!  morbi— a.  Laltou*  f«a- 
tagii,  Prodromus  —  s.  Opportunitatis,  ProdMsa 
—  s.  Prodromorum,  Prodromus— s.  Reeonral* 
centiae,  S.  Annihilationis. 

STAFF,  (D.)  S  t  a  f.  An  instrument  of  prat 
importance  in  lithotomy, — being  the  director  fr 
the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel;  and  & 
handle  is  flat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it  mj  l« 
more  securely  held.  The  grooTe  is  on  iu>  courtx 
surface. 

STAFF  TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastroi  Wi- 
dens. 
STAFFA.  Stapes. 
STAG'S  PIZZLB,  see  Cervus. 
STAGE,  Sta'dium,  (F.)  Estage,  &*&  ** 
The  period  or  degree  of  a  disease;  espeeiallju 
period  of  an  intermittent :  —  as  the  e©W  ««»£?- 
sta'dium/ri'goris — hot  stage,  Ac. 
STAGGERWEED,  Delphinium. 
STA'GIUM.    The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 
STAGMA,  from  <m£»,  *I  distil  f  Saty* 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 
Staoma,  Gotta. 

STAGNATION,   Stogna'tio,  from  *ijr«* 
'  to  form  a  pond.'   Accumulation  and  retard^ 
of  fluids  in  any  part  of  the  body. 
STAGNUM  CHYLI,  Reeeptacnlum  ehjl  # 
STAHLIAN.    One  who  follows  the  doetea 
of  Stahl.  m  ,  . . 

STAHL'IANISM.     The  doetrine  of  wtt 
which  considered  every  vital  action  nndff  m 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  souL  Se«  Anie* 
STALAGMA,  Stagma. 
STALAGMI'TIS  CAMBOGIOI'DES,  *  0* 
bo'gia.  Gamboge  was  long  ascribed  to  this  fan:* 
Ceyloneee  plant    It  is  now  known,  that  *■*  **j 
was  given  by  Murray  to  specimens  of  two&w 
trees  of  different  genera.     See  Cambogia, 
STALAGMOS,  Distillation. 
STALTICUS,  Incarnana.  ^ 

STAMMERING,  Balbuties-*,  of  the  Faf» 
Cramp,  writers'. 
STAMPING  MILL,  see  PulveriiatioB. 
STANGOS,  Tin.  . 

STANNI  MURIAS,  Tin,  muriate  of-s.  W? 
duli  murias,  Tin,  muriate  of — s.  Pulvw,  tet  i* 
STANNIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 
STANNUM,  Tin  — a.  Cinereum,  BiflDotn-* 
Foliatum,  Tinfoil-*.  Glaciale,  Bismuth-**1* 
nulatum,  see  Tin — s.  Indieum,  ffinenm. 
STAP&DIEN,  Stapedius.  _ 

STAPEDIUS,  Slap*,  (F.)  St^tik^n* 
midalstapidien.  A  muscle  of  the  middle « 
which  draws  the  stapes  obliquely  upward* 

STAPES,   Stapha,   Staffa,   'a  stump.'  'J< 
jttrier.    The  innermost  of  the  small  **«•  *  H! 
ear,  so  called  because  it  resembles  a  limp- 
is  situate  horizontally  in  the  cavity  of  tb*<J"r 
num.    Its  head,  which  is  directed  oirni** 
articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare.  Its  b*«» :  • 
inwards,  and  is  applied  to  the  fenestra  on* 
which  it  closes  imperfectly,  and  to  the  wmv>" 
of  which  it  is  united.    Its  branch**  are  *e  *•; 
Hot,  and  the  other  posterior.    They  art  «r£; 
and  the  space  between  them  is  Pw*bobfv,L« 
geons  have  given  the  name  Stop*  to  a  mw 
used  in  bleeding  from  the  foot;  whick  W» 
figure  of  8  around  the  ankles, 
STAPHA,  Stapes. 
STAPHIS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHISAGRIA,  Delphinium  •****£? 
STAPHISAIGRE,  Delphinium  ttapbwP* 


STAPHTLJEMATOMA 


813 


STATURE 


STAPHYL^ffiMATO'MA,  from  ara^v\n,  'the 
uvula,'  and  hematoma.  A  tumour  formed  by  ef- 
fusion of  blood  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  uvula. 

8TAPHYLAGRA,  Staphylepartes. 

STAPHYLE,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

STAPHYLEPAR'TES,  from  crafrXn,  'the 
uvula,'  and  ciraipu,  'I  lift  up.'  Staph'ylagra.  An 
instrument  for  laying  hold  ot,  and  removing  the 
uvula. —  Paulus. 

8TAPHYLINI,  see  Axygos  muscle  —  s.  Medii, 
see  Azygos  muscle. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 

8TAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus. 

STAPHYLIS,  Nipple. 

8TAPHYLITI8,  Uvulitis. 

STAPHYLIUM,  Nipple. 

6TAPHYL0DIALYSIS,  Cionis,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

STAPHYLCEDE'MA,  Angi'na  utnda'ris,  Dys- 
pha'gia  uvulo'sa,  Hypostaph'yli,  Hypostaphyli'tis, 
Staphylodial'ysis,  Prolapsus  BevtPropto'sis  u'twla, 
Casus  u'vula,  Himas,  Himanto'ma,  Himanto'sis, 
StaphyUm'cus,  Staphylon'cia,CEde'ma  u' vul<s,  Pro- 
due' tio  uvula  d  pitui'td,  U'vula  decid'ua  sen  re- 
laxa'ta,  Crae'peaon.  Relaxation  and  tumefaction 
of  the  uvula,  which,  either  from  inflammation  or 
infiltration,  hangs  down  so  as  to  occasion  difficult 
deglutition,  cough,  Ac.  Scarification,  astringent 
gargles,  and,  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the 
treatment. 

STAPHYLOMA,  from  era$v\n,  'a  grape.' 
Uva'tio,  Myoceph'alon,  Myxoceph'alwn,  Parop'sis 
Staphylo'ma,  Staphylo' 'sis,  Polygro'ma.  A  name 
given  to  different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Cosicum,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea— s.  Pellucidum  conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the. 
cornea. 

Staphyloma  of  thb  Conine  a,  Sugar-loaf  Cor- 
nea, Con'ical  Cornea,  Con'ical  hydrophthaVmia, 
Staphylo'ma  eon'icum,  XS.  pellu'cidum  con'icum, 
Conophthal'mia,  Prolap'sus  cor'nea,  Ceraton'cus, 
JEfypercerato'sis,  Hypercer'asis,  is  an  unequal, 
embossed,  bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conical 
tumour ;  of  variable  else ;  formed  by  the  projec- 
tion of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  some- 
times extenuated  and  distended,  at  others  thick- 
ened. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Iris  is  the  disease  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  Procidentia 
Iridis.  It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  acci- 
dental opening  of  the  cornea.    Also,  iridauxesis. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Sclerot'io  differs  from 
the  last,  in  the  prominence  existing  on  a  part  of 
the  eye  covered  by  the  sclerotic,  whioh  is  much 
thinner. 

Staphyloma  Vtbm,  Iridauxesis. 

STAPHYLONCIA,  Staphyledema. 

STAPHYLONCUS,  Staphyledema. 

ST  APHYLOPL  AS '  TIC,  Staphyhplas '  tints, 
from  arafpvXrj,  '  the  uvula,'  and  xXaaw,  *  I  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  replacing 
the  soft  palate,  when  it  has  been  lost 
i  STAPHYLOR'RAPHY,  Veloswth'eeis,  Sta- 
^ahylorrha'phia,  Kionorrha'phia,  Cionorrkaph'ia, 
Uranor'rKaphi,  Uranorrha'phia,  Uranisoorrha' - 
phia,  Uraniscorrhaphy,  from  ora+vXri,  '  the  uvu- 
la,' and  pa^n,  'a  suture.'  The  operation  for  uni- 
ting a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft;  passing  ligatures  through  them,  and 
bringing  them  together. 

STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma. 


STAPHYLOTOMY,  Staphylotomy,  from  «rr«- 
<pv\rj,  '  the  uvula,'  and  Topn,  '  incision.'  Amputa- 
tion of  the  uvula. 

STAR-APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Chryso- 
phyllum  cainito— s.  Biasing,  Aletris  farinosa — s. 
Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass,  Aletris 
farinosa,  Hypoxys  erecta  —  s.  Knap-weed,  Cen- 
taurea  caloitrappa — s.  Stroke,  Coup-de-soleil 
—  s.  Wort,  Aletris  farinosa — s.  Wort,  golden, 
Bubonium. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate. 
STARCH,  Amylum— s.  Blue,  Smalt 
Starch,  Iodide  of,  Iod'idum  seu  lodure'hm 
Am'yli,  Am' y turn  ioda'tum,  (F.)  Iodure  d'Amidon; 
prepared  by  triturating  iodine  and  starch,  is  said 
to  have  the  eutrophio  effects  of  iodine j  but,  by 
some,  is  esteemed  inert  Dose,  four  to  six 
grains. 

Starch,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum — s. 
Sugar,  Glucose. 

STAREEY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilula>  ex  hellebore 
et  myrrha. 
STASE,  Stasis. 

STASIS,  oratris,  from  oram,  'I  stop,'  (F.)^Sfowe. 
This  word  has  nearly  the  same  signification  as 
stagnation.  Stagnation,  however,  sometimes  in- 
cludes a  morbid  condition  of  the  fluids,  —  Stasis 
never. 
Stasis,  Station. 

STATIC.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  physical 
phenomena  presented  by  organized  bodies  in 
contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICA  SEPTI  NA'RIUM,  Appen'dix  «n- 
ta'nea  septi  na'rium.  The  cutaneous  appendage 
to  the  septum  narium. 

STAT'ICfi  CAROLINIA'NA  of  the  United 
States,  Amer'ican  ThriftMarsh  Rose' mary, Marsh 
Root,  Seaside  Thrift,  Inkroot,  Sea  Lavender,  is 
considered  to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  statioe  li- 
monium. 

Stat'icB  LiMo'NTtnr,  &  Marit'imum,  Beken  ru- 
brum,  Limo'nium,  L.  majvs  seu  vvtya'ri,  Rehen,  Sea 
Lav'ender,  Red  Rehen,  Rehmen  Aekmar,  Marsh 
Rosemary,  Lavender  Thrift,  (F.)  Rehen  rouge. 
Family,  PlumbaginesB.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria 
Pentagynia.  The  roots  have  been  esteemed  as- 
tringent, tonic,  and  eminently  antiseptic. 

Statics  Maritimum,  S.  limonium— s.  Vulgare, 
S.  limonium. 

STA'TION,  Sta'tio,  Stasis,  Status,  from  etare, 
<  to  stand.'    The  act  of  standing. 

STATIONARY,  Stationa'rivs,  from  stare,  'to 
stand/  (  A  name  given  by  Sydenham  and  Stoll 
to  certain  diseases,  whioh  depend  upon  a  particu- 
lar state  of  the  atmosphere ;  and  which  prevail 
in  a  district  for  a  certain  number  of  years,  and 
then  give  way  to  others. 

STATISTICS,  MEDICAL,  Vital  Statistics, 
Biostat'ics,  (P.)  Statistique  mldicale.  That  part 
of  medicine  whioh  relates  to  details — medico-sta- 
tistical—  connected  with  the  mortality,  salubrity, 
Ac,  of  different  countries  and  situations. 

It  has,  also,  been  used  in  a  wider  sense  to  sig- 
nify the  same  as  Numerical  method,  (F.)  MSthode 
numiriaue;  which  is  applied  to  the  systemisation 
of  medical  facts,  or  to  the  use  of  numbers  in  the 
investigation  of  disease. 
Statistics,  Vital,  Statistics,  medical. 
STATURE,  Statu'ra,  Meg'sthos,  Magnxtu'do 
corporis,  from  sto,  statum,  *  I  stand.'  The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  exhibit* 
the  results  of  several  admeasurements,  with  the 
heights  of  some  of  the  monkey  species,  on  the 
authority  of  Mr.  Lawrence. 


STATUS 


814 


STEREOTICA 


An  Englishman,., 


STATURE. 
Feet.     In. 

44 


An  Englishwoman,. 


to 


00 

4 


to 


European  male  skeleton, 5 

Do.  5 


00 
8 
5 


A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  Liver-  )  ^      jq  , 
pool, - J 


5} 


00 
11 
7* 

4 

00 

2 

7 


Another  from  Virginia, 5 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast, 5 

Another, & 

Negro  skeleton, 4 

Another, 5 

A  Lascar, 5 

Venus  de  Medici, 5 

Tyson's  Chiinj  .inse"  ( Simia  Troglodyte*)  2 

Mr.  Abel's  Orang  Otang, 2 

Camper's  Do.  less  than  30 

Mr.  White's  Monkey 2        2 

STATUS,  Acme  —  s.  Cruditatis,  Crudity  —  s. 
Erethitidus,  Nervous  diathesis— s.  Gastricus,  Em- 
barrat  gaetriqae — s.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis 
—  s.  Sthenicus,  Sthenia —  s.  Verminosus,  Hel- 
minthiasis. 

8TAVESACRE,  Delphinium  stapnisagria. 

6TAXIS,  Apoitax'i*.  A  slight  epistaxis  or 
nasal  hemorrhage.  — Hippocrates. 

STEAM-DOCTOR.  A  term  applied  to  on© 
who  treats  all  or  most  diseases  by  steam. 

8TEAR,  Finguedo,  Scvum. 

STEARIN,  pee  Pinguedo. 

BTEARINUM  CETACEUM,  Cetaceum. 

STEARRHCE'A,  SteatorrKce'a,  Seborrhea, 
Scborrhag"ia,  FH'cgmatorrhce'a,  Smegmorrhot' a, 
Rcba'ceowi  Flux,  from  crtnp,  'suet,'  and  pew,  'I 
flow.'  An  pin  en  tat  ion  of  secretion  from  the  seba- 
ceous follicles  of  the  skin. 

STEATITES,  Polysarcia. 

STEATOCE'LE,  from  <mapt  'suet,'  and  rjXi*, 
'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  collection  of 
ateatomatous  mutter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  Tumor  la^deu;  from  mapf 
'suet*  Seva'tio,  Steato'rit,  Emphy'ma  encyftia 
itoatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents 
are  similar  to  fat 

STEATOP'YGA,  from  Tt*p,  'fat,'  and  rvynt 
'buttocks.'  JiuttoLK-hump.  Fat  buttocks;  such 
as  exist  in  the  Hottentot  females. 

STEATORRHEA,  Stearrhoea, 

STEATO'SLS,  Steatoma. 

Steatosis  Cordis,  Degenera'tio  adipo'ea  cordis, 
Cardiethmolipo'nis  and  Cardiomyolipo'eis  (Pior- 

S),  Fatty  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of  fat  on 
e  heart : — by  some  presumed  to  be  occasionally 
a  true  adipons  degeneration  of  the  substance  of 
the  heart,  which  is  probably  incorrect* 

STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarns 
Folliculorum. 

STEEL,  Chalvbs. 

STEEPLE-IUTSn,  Spiraea  tomentosa. 

STEER'S  OPODELDOCH,  see  Opodeldoch, 
Steer's. 

8TEGAN0P'0DES,  sTryayawto,  Planip'ed*. 
They  who  have  flat  feet,  or  are  web-footed,  from 
crtyavot,  'covered,'  and  *•»*,  'foot' 

STEGNO'SIS,  Stent' tit,  Conrtipa'Ho,  Stipa'tio, 
Otmdenta'tio,  Obmfmc'tio,  from  oriyvo*,  'I  con- 
strict' Constriction  or  narrowness  of  the  pores 
and  vessels.  Stricture.  Constipation.  Suppression 
of  the  evacuations.    See  Arotatio. 

STEGNOT1CA,  Astringents. 

KTBIROSIS,  Sterilita*. 


STELENGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 

STELLA,  Fa*' da  etella'ta,  {Y.)£toile.  At» 
dage,  improperly  compared  to  a  rtar,  bene**  'i 
is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  This  bandar  U  im- 
plied upon  one  or  both  shoulders.  Ic  tbr  art 
case,  it  is  called  rimple;  in  the  seet.o<i,  H  J  c 
It  was  employed  in  cases  of  fractures  rf  tfc«  ••* 
nnm,  clavicle,  and  scapula;  in  Ioxaqodj  of  a 
humerus,  Ac. 

Stella  Tbrrjb,  Plantaco  coroDope*. 

STELLARIA  MEDIA,  Alsine  media-s.  S* 
la,  Scilla. 

STELLATA  RUPINA,  Centaurea  calciffifa, 

STELOCHITIS,  Osteoeolla. 

STENAGMUS,  Suspirium. 

STENAXIS,  Suspirium, 

STENIA,  Sthenia. 

STENICUS,  Active, 

STEXOBREGMATE.  see  Craniam. 

STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Csrlk«- 
nosis. 

STENOCHO'RIA,  Stenoehori'ani.  Aoff'* 
Employed  by  some  for  contraction  of  the  nrt 

Stenochoria  Istestwi  Recti,  Strirtawt: ■:« 
rectum  —  s.  (Esophagi,  Dysphagia  coiuui-tt. 

STENOMYCTE'RIA,  from  <rrwj,  'bit*; 
and  fivirrnp,  'nose.'  Contraction  of  the  u* 
passages. 

STENOSIS,  Stegnosis. 

STENOSTEGNOSIS,  Stenostenosis. 

STENOSTENO'SIS,  Steno*tegnn'*U.  frcsf* 
no,  and  vrtviaaii,  'contraction.'  Ob*i<*'1*  '* 
tto  Stenonia'na.  Narrowness  or  eontiKfo*  - 
the  duct  of  Stcno. 

STENOSTOM'IA,  from  row.  'nam<^ 
cropa,  '  mouth.'     Contraction  of  the  mouth. 

STENOTHORA'CES,  from  mm.  W' 
and  $»/>«(,  '  the  chest'  They  who  bare  bks» 
chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  Xnm*  .*■- 
a  Greek  in  the  army  before  Troyjacd^* 
'  voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

STEPHANE,  Crown. 

STEPHENS,  MRS.,  REMEDY  FOR  TH 
STONE.  This  consisted  of  lime,  prer**  * 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snail*.  m»' '' 
pills  with  soap.  A  decoction  was.  al«».  *'-:^ 
tared,  consisting  of  chamomile,  fennd.  J**  "■ 
and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alieant  *&*>  ^ 
virtues  were  dependent  upon  the  lime  »i^' 
tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hale?,  BV  "* 
Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote  in  &T* 
of  this  nostrum  ;  and  it  was  ultimately  boa|** 
the  British  parliament  for  £5000. 

STERA,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS,  fefww'nxi,^ 
ret'icHt,  Ster'coral,  from  sterna,  * dung.'  *'■* 
Fmcal,  (F.)  Stercorairt,  Stercoral 

The  French  use  the  tern  Fitfl*  *<**■*'" 
for  those  which  are  kept  up  by  the  coDtutJ* 
sage  of  fecal  or  »ferc©ra'eeoii*  matter.  Tb*  "^ 
«Slfereorai"re#  is  sometimes  given,  in  dVmi'- 
those  physicians  who  are  fond  of  pcrsri»x  ^ 
patients  :  d  posteriori  has  been  simu.ul;  *^ 
STERCORAIRE,  Stercoraceous. 
STERCUS,  Excrement  Fimus-*.  A** 
Fimus  anseris— s.  Caninum  album.  Altaa  *£ 
cum— s.  Diaboli,  Asafcetida— «.  Equi  uon  *&* 
Fimus.  & 

Stercus  HuvA'iruv,  Homerda.   HoBtf,r 
crement 
Stbrcfs  La  cert. e,  CrocodilU.  j 

STEREOCYST'IS,  from  Tqt*  4bari,  ■» 
Kvertf. '  erst'    A  hard  steatoma, 
STEREOS,  Solid.  T^ 

STEREOT'IOA,  from  rrtpat,  ,alri,  f«^ 


STERILE 


815 


STETHOMETER 


tons  lesions  or  deformities  affecting  the  hard 
parts.     The  2d  order,  claas  Tychica  of  Good. 

STER'ILE,  Ster'ilis,  A'gonos,  Aph'orus,  Apk- 
or'tcus,  Ablatt'es,  Iu/ecun'dus,  ( F. )  SUrile,  Same 
etymon  as  Sterilitas.  Not  producing  fruit:  infecund. 

STERILIS,  Sterile. 

STERIL'ITAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'tis,  Stiro'sis, 
Agenne'sia,  Agenne'sie,  Infecun' ditas,  SteriVity, 
Acye'sis,  Bar'rennest,  Infecun' dity,  Apho'ria, 
Atec'nia,  Atoc'ia,  from  artppos,  or  oripcos,  'hard, 
barren.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  barren.  Ste- 
rility may  be  absolute  or  relative.  The  former 
depends  upon  some  vicious  conformation  of  the 
genital  organs,  apparent  or  concealed,  and  occa- 
sionally admits  of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative  when 
a  female  does  not  conceive  with  one  individual, 
but  does  with  another.  Sterility  in  females  is 
often  dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus 
characterized  by  membranous  menstruation. 

8TERNAD,  see  Sternal. 

STERNAL,  Stema'lit,  from  sternum,  'the 
breast  bone/  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
sternum  or  breast  bone. 

Sternal  Aspect.  The  aspect  of  the  body 
where  the  sternum  is  situate. — Barclay.  Stemad 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
towards  the  sternal  aspect. 

8TERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

STERNO- CLAVICULAR,  Stemo-clavicnla'- 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and  clavicle. 

Stbrno-clavic'ular  Articula'tiow  is  the 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle  with 
a  round  facette  at  each  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  incrusting  cartilages,  two 
radiated  sterno-clavicular,  (F.)  Sterno-clavicu- 
lairet  rayonnies  ;  one  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
—an  inter- clavicular  ligament,  extending  between 
the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovial  capsules,  se- 
parated by  sol  inter-articular  fibro-cartilagc.  The 
costoclavicular  ligament  may  also  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  articulation. 

STERNO-CLAVIO-MASTOlDIEN,  Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus  —  s.  Cleido-hyoideus,  Sterno- 
byoideus. 

STERNO-CLEIDO  BRACHIALIS,  Pectoralis 
major. 

STERNO-CLEIDO -MASTOIDEUS,  Sterno- 
mastoldeus,  Cleido-mastoldeus,  Ifastotdeus,  Mas- 
toideus  anterior,  Nuta'tor  cap'itis ;  (F.)  Sterno- 
clavio-mastoidien,  Sterno-masto'idien  ;  from  arts' 
vov,  *  the  sternum/  *A«j,  *  the  clavicle/  and  poe- 
ms, *  the  mastoid  process/  A  muscle  situate  at 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is 
long  and  flattened :  simple,  above :  and  divided 
into  two  portions  below ;  where  it  is  inserted  into 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it 
terminates  at  the  mastoid  process,  which  it  em- 
braces, at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  temporal 
bone,  and  at  the  outer  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone.  It  carries  the  head 
forward;  inclines,  and  rotates  it  to  one  side. 
"When  both  contract,  they  bend  the  head  directly 
forwards. 

STEREO-COSTAL,  Triangularis  stern i  — ». 
Costo-clavio-humfral,  Pectoralis  major — s.  Dynia, 
tee  Somatodynia — •.  Humtral,  Pectoralis  major. 
STERNO-HYOfDEUS,  Sterno-cleido-hyoide- 
us,  Sterno-hyoides,  Hyoides  primus  ;  from  creovov, 
4  the  sternum,'  and  lvsubm,  *  the  os  hyoides.  A 
muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck ; 
inserted,  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone ;  below,  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum ; — at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  sterno-clavicular  articula- 
tion, and  sometimes  into  the  cartilage  of  the  first 
lib.    It  depresses  the  os  hyoides. 


STERNO -MASTOtDIEN,  Storno-cleido- 
mastoideus — *.  Pubien,  Rectus  abdominis. 

STERNO-THYROIDEUS,  Sterno- thyrMe* 
Bron'chius.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
oblique  line  seen  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage ;  and  terminates,  below,  at  the  up- 
per part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When  it 
contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
os  hyoides,  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 

STERNODYNIA  SYNC 0 PALIS,  Angina 
pectoris — s.  Syncoptica  et  Palpitans,  Angina  pec- 
toris. 

STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato- 
dymia. 

STERNUM,  Sternon,  from  srtscot,  'solid;' 
Pectus,  0*  asser  sen  pec' torts  sen  xiphoxdes  sen 
gladi'oli  sen  snsifor'mi,  Scutum  cordis,  Breast 
Bone,  Hamal  Spine  of  Owen.  An  azygous  sym- 
metrical bone,  situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  chest. 
It  is  flat;  broad  above;  narrower  in  the  middle; 
and  terminates,  below,  by  a  pointed  cartilage — 
the  xiphoid.  It  has  an  anterior  or  cutaneous  sur- 
face,  a  posterior  or  mediastinal  —  a  superior  or 
clavicular  extremity,  and  an  inferior  or  abdomi- 
nal. It  is  articulated  with  the  clavicles  and  the 
seven  upper  ribs  on  each  side,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages.  According  to  B6clard,  it  is  formed 
of  six  principal  bones,  which  be  names,  from 
their  position,  1.  Primi-sternal  or  clavi-stemal  .* 
2.  Duo-sternal:  3.  Tri-sternal:  4.  Quarti-ster- 
nal :  5.  Quinti-sternal :  6.  UUimi-sternal  or  snsi- 
sternaL 

6TERNUMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
STERNUTAMENTORIA,  Achillea  ptarmica. 
STERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
STERNUTATIO,  Sneering. 
STERNUTATOIRE,  Sternutatory. 
STERNUTATORY,  Stemutato'rius,  from  ster- 
nutare, '  to  sneeze/    Sternutamen'tum,  Errhi'num, 
Ptar'micum,  Anarrhi'num,  (F.)  Sternutatoire.     A 
substance  which  provokes  sneezing;  as  tobacco, 
Ac. —  See  Errhine. 
STERTEUR,  Stertor. 

STERTOR,  Ronchus  or  Rhonchus,  Renchus, 
Rkencus,  (F.)  Sterteur,  RonJlemenU  from  sterttre, 
'  to  snore.     The  deep  snoring  which  accompanies 
inspiration  in  some  diseases,  particularly  in  apo- 
plexy.   Such  respiration  is  said  to  be  stertorous; 
Respira'tio  stertuo'sa  seu  stertens  seu  stertoro'sa. 
STERTOROUS,  see  Stertor. 
STETRffi'MIA,  Hyperemia  Pulmo'num  sen 
Pectoris,  Conges'  tio  Pulmonum  seu  Pectoris,  (F.) 
Hyperimie  des  Poumons,  Congestion  des  Poumons* 
Hyperemia  of  the  lungs.    Congestion  or  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  pulmonary  vessels. 
STETHOCATHARSIS,  Expectoration. 
STETHOCHYSIS,  Hydrothorax. 
STETHODESMIS,  Corset. 
STETHODESMIUM,  Corset 
STETHODESMUS,  Corset. 
STETHOM'ETER,  from  ornBsc,  'the  chest,' 
and  ftsrpov,  '  measure/    An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Mr.  Richard  Quain,  for  measuring  the  extent 
of  movement  of  the  walls  of  the  chest,  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  in  thoracic  diseases.    It  consists  of 
a  flat  case,  not  unlike  a  watch-case,  having  on  its 
upper  surface  a  graduated  dial  and  index,  which 
is  acted-  on  by  a  simple  mechanism.    A  silk  cord, 
long  enough  to  surround  one-half  the  chest, 
passes  through  an  aperture  in  the  case.    The  dial 
is  graduated  into  fifty  equal  parts,  each  of  which 
represents  the  l-200th  of  an  inch.    In  using  the 
instrument,  the  dial  is  placed  firmly  against  the 
spine,  and  the  point  of  the  tape  over  the  sternum, 
or  at  any  other  spot  according  to  the  part  to  be 


BTETHOPARALTSIS 


818 


6TIZ0L0BIUM 


examined.  The  extension  of  the  string,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  dial,  shows  the  amount  of  elasticity 
of  the  pnriek's  of  the  thorax. 

STETHOPARAL'YSIS,  Paral'ysie  nervo'rum 
ihora'cis,  phrcnicorum,  Ac;  from  eryjdos,  'the 
cheat,'  and  rapaXvcn,  'paralysis.'  Palsy  of  the 
muscles  of  the  chest. 

STETHORRHEUMA,  Pleurodynia. 

STETH'OSCOPE,  Stethoscop'ium,  St  ethos' eo- 
puntf  Echoaeop'ium,  Psophom'eter,  Thoracoseop' - 
iutn,  from  cmfSoj, '  the  chest,'  and  otcowtts,  ' I  exa- 
mine.' An  instrument  invented  by  Lae'nneo,  of 
Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest  The  stethoscope, 
sometimes  called  Pectoriloque,  is  a  cylinder  of 
wood,  from  four  inches  to  a  foot  long;  pierced 
through  and  through  by  a  longitudinal  canal 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
longer  are  generally  composed  of  two  portions, 
that  fit  together  by  means  of  a  screw,  one  of 
which  is  hollowed  at  the  extremity,  in  the  shape 
of  a  funnel.  These  two  portions  being  screwed 
to  each  other,  the  physician  lays  hold  of  the  in- 
strument, as  he  would  of  a  pen,  puts  the  funnel- 
Bhaped  extremity  on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and 
applies  his  car  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pul- 
sations of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by 
a  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately 
adapted  to  it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same 
width  as  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument 
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the 
flexible  ear-trumpet 

This  mode  of  examining  affections  of  the  chest, 
Bteth'oseopy,  Stethoscop'ia,  Ac,  is  what  Lae'nneo 
terms  Auscultation  midiate,  Mediate  Auscultation. 

BTETHOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation,  and  Ste- 
thoscope. 

8TETHUS,  Thorax. 

STEW,  Stove. 

STHENI'A,  Steni'a,  Diath'esis  rthen'ica,  Sta- 
tu* sthen'icus,  Vis  aucta,  from  <r$cvosf  '  strength,' 
'power.'  Excess  of  strength ;  excitement  of  the 
organic  actions.  A  word  used,  especially  by  the 
Brunonians,  as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  antitheton. 
Sthenic  or  dynamic  diseases  are  such  as  depend 
upon  excessive  excitement 

STHENICUS,  Active. 

STHENOPYRA,  Synocha. 

STIBI,  Antimonium. 

6TIBIALIS,  AntimoniaL 

STIBIATUS  TARTRIS  LIXlTLffi,  Antimo- 
nium tartarisatum. 

STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium  muriatum 

—  s.  Deuto-murias  Bublimatus,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— s.  et  Potasssa  deuto-tartras,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — s.  Hydrosnlphurctum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Oxidum  acido 
mnriatioo  oxygenato  paratum,  Algaroth — s.  Oxi- 
dum album  mediant©  nitro  oonfectum,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoretioum —  s.  Oxidum  pnecipitando 
paratum,  Algaroth  —  s.  Oxodes  album,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum — s.  Oxodes  sulphuretum, 
Antimonii  sulphuretum  procipitatum  —  s.  Oxydi 
sulphurati  hydro-sulphuretum  luteum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  procipitatum — s.  Oxydulati  sulphu- 
retum, Antimonii  sulphuretum  pnecipitatum — s. 
Oxydulum  vitreatum,  Antimonii  vitrum — e.  Oxy- 
dum  semivitreum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxydum 
eulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii  eulphuratum. —  s. 
Subhydrosulphas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 

—  s.  Submurias  praacipitando  paratum,  Algaroth 

—  s.  Sulphurati  hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Sulphuretum 
nigrum,  Antimonium  —  s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii 
vitrutn. 

6TIBI0SUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM 
GUM  SULPHURE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prw- 
dpitatum— s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diaphore- 


STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICHAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stadua 

STICK  WORT,  Agrimony. 

STICTA  PULMONACEA,  Lichen  pchso- 
nanus. 

STIFF  JOINT,  MUSCULAR,  Contraetai. 

Stiff  Joints,  Milk  sickness. 

STIFFNECK,  Torticollis. 

STIGMA,  Cicatricula. 

STIGMATA,  see  Nevus.  The  breathing  pew 
of  insects  are  so  called. 

STIG'MATA  Ovario'rum,  CicatrCee*  OwnV.-a 
The  cicatrices  left  in  the  ovary  after  the  «tap 
of  ova. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILL,  Alembic. 

STILLA,  Gutta. 

STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBft 
Epistaxis. 

STILLICID'IUM,  SubtiTlum,  from  ttr* 
1  to  drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synonyms  •  j 
with  Strangury.  It  means  the  flow  of  an;  fc.. 
— particularly  the  urine — drop  by  drop.  AL-.  » 
kind  of  embrocation,  StiUicid'ium  npnpw* 
effected  by  dropping  a  liquid  upon  a  put 

Stillicidium  Lacry*  aruv,  Epipbora— .«.  &■ 
rium,  Corysa  —  s.  Sanguinis  e  naribvs,  E^- 
taxis  —  s.  Supra  partem,  see  Stillicidiam. 

STILLIN'GIA,  S.  ayfaaf  ica,  Qmss'i  ** 
Queen's  delight,  Yaw  root,  Jfar'cory,  Cocb^>  i  *■ 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pi»*  «* 
rens,  from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Sex.  £**  %» 
ncecia  Monadelphia.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbia* 
The  root  is  said  to  be  used  in  syphilis,  obsutf* 
cutaneous  affections,  <kc,  like  sarsapsrilla 

STIMATO'SIS,  Stymatosis,  MsmsMn'* 
Penis,  Stymatorrhag"ia,  Phaltorriao"ia,  (««** 
rhagffia,  from  crvfia,  '  priapism,'  itself  from  m* 
'to  erect*  Hemorrhage  from  the  male  «p* 
accompanied  or  not  with  priapism. 

STIMMI,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  Stim'ulane,  EJcitau,  Ex- 
tant, In'eitans,  Incenti'vnm,  Irri'tau*,  /•n'** 
Hypersthenic,  from  stimulate, '  to  goai'  A  s* 
dioine  which  has  the  power  of  exciting  tie  co- 
nic action  of  the  different  systems  of  tat  «*** 
my.  Some  stimulants  are  diffusible,— that », 
have  a  prompt  but  temporary  action;  otbws  «• 
permanent  or  persistent.  The  action  of  stis* 
lants  is  called  Stimulation,  Stimula'tio,  I***'* 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following:  £«* 
Sulphuricus,  Ammonia,  Asafaetida,  Brae*  Cis- 
phora,  Capsicum,  Castoreum,  dnnamonnsi.  i* 
paiba,  Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri  Pi*£ 
rata,  Iodinum,  Nnx  Vomica,  Olea  Eseoua 
Opium  (in  small  dose),  Piper,  Sinapis,  SoyrkJ 
Zingiber,  — Alcohol,  Caloric,  Elcctrieitf,  M«» 
Emotions,  (the  Impetuous.) 

STIM'ULUS, '  a  goad/  Incitamem'tsm,  fr- 
ta'tnen,  Irritamen'tum,  Poten'Ua  IrrTf**-  « 
thing  which  excites  the  animal  economy. 

STINK  POKE,Dracontiumf<Btidam-*v'*A 
Chenopodium  anthelminticum,  Damn  tf*3*' 
nium,  Polanisia  graveolens. 

STIPATIO,  Stegnosis.  . 

Stipatio  Tele  Cbllttlo'sje  InPinr'nt  * 
duration  of  the  cellular  tissue  of  childrto- 

STIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  same  root  as  stiek,  Saat-foasA  '* 
s t e  ok  e n,  (F.)  Point,  (L.)  Pmutum;  {»*■£ 
gere,  punctum,  'to  prick  or  sting.')  As  *■*- 
cinatmg  pain,  like  that  produced  by  tbe  pss^ 
of  a  sharp  needle.  _^ 

Stitch,  Commoit,  Suture,  w*"1™01"^^ 
Suture,  common  —  a.  in  the  Side,  PkafWj1* 

STIZOLOBIUM,  DoUehot  prumai. 


STLENGIS 


817 


STOMATITIS 


STLENGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 

STOBjE'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  composite).  A  tincture  of 
the  bruised  roots  is  diuretic,  and  of  great  service 
in  gravel. 

STOCHEION,  Element. 

STOCKING,  LACED,  (F.)  Bas  lassi.  A  ban- 
dage used  by  surgeons,  which  consists  of  a  stock- 
ing made  of  firm  cloth  or  dog-akin,  admitting  of 
being  tightly  laced  anteriorly.  It  is  employed  in 
varices  and  ulcers  of  the  legs. 

STCECIIAfi  ARABIC  A,  Lavendula  stoechas. 

STOMA,  Mouth. 

STOMAC'ACE,  Stomatoc'act,  Stomal' gia,  La- 
brieul'cium,  Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'aci,  Cheilomala'cia, 
Stomatono'ma,  Stomatonecrosis,  from  cropa,  *  the 
mouth/  and  Kaxot,  '  evil :'  Cancer  Oris,  Canker, 
Foe  tor  of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  discharge 
from  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique;  see' 
Cancer  Aquatic  us.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stomacace,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangreno- 
sum, Cancer  aquaticus  —  a.  Universale,  Purpura 
hemorrhagica. 

STOyfACAL,  Stomachal. 

8T0MACALGIA,  Qardialgia. 

STOMACH,  Stom'achus,  Ventric'ulua,  Nedys, 
Anocae'lia,  Gaster,  (F.)  Estomac,  from  rrofta,  'a 
mouth.'  One  of  the  principal  organs  of  diges- 
tion. It  is  a  musculo-membranous  reservoir;  con- 
tinuous, on  the  one  side,  with  the  oesophagus ;  on 
the  other,  with  the  duodenum.  It  is  situate  be- 
neath the  diaphragm,  between  the  liver  and  the 
spleen ;  and  occupies  the  epigastrium  and  a  part 
of  the  left  hypochondrium.  In  it  the  food  is 
converted  into  chyme.  When  viewed  externally, 
the  stomach  has,  1.  An  anterior /ace,  which  looks 
a  little  upwards.  2.  An  inferior  face,  directed 
downwards.  3.  An  inferior  or  colic  margin, 
wbich  is  convex  and  extensive,  and  is  called  the 
greater  curvature,  (F.)  Grand  courbure.  It  gives 
origin  to  tho  omentum  majus.  4.  A  superior  or 
diaphragmatic  margin,  which  is  shorter,  con- 
cave, and  is  called  the  leaser  curvature,  (F.)  Petit 
courbure.  The  lesser  omentum  is  attached  to 
this.  5.  A  left  or  oesophageal  orifice,  called,  also, 
the  cardia,  Oe  ventrie'uli  or  upper  orifice,  6.  A 
right  or  intestinal,  or  inferior  orifice,  called  the 
pylorus.  7.  A  considerable  dilatation,  situate  to 
the  left  of  the  cardia  and  greater  curvature — 
the  great  tuberosity  of  the  stomach;  and,  8.  A 
less  extensive  dilatation,  situate  to  the  right  of 
the  greater  curvature,  —  the  lesser  tuberosity  or 
leaser  cul-de-sac,  Antrum  Pylo'ri.  The  inner  sur- 
face of  tho  stomach  is  of  a  reddish-white  colour, 
and  has  a  marbled  appearance.  It  is  constantly 
covered  by  thick  mucus,  and  is  lined  by  a  mu- 
cous membrane,  which  presents  numerous  wrin- 
kles. The  parietes  of  the  stomach  consist  of 
three  membranes  in  superposition.  The  outer- 
most is  serous,  and  is  an  extension  of  the  perito- 
neum; the  middle  coat  is  muscular,  —  some  of 
its  fibres  running  longitudinally ;  others,  trans- 
versely, and  others  obliquely;  the  innermost  mem- 
brane is  of  a  mucous  nature,  Crusta  villo'sa  ven- 
tric'uU, Gastro-mycod'eria,  but  not  exactly  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  oesopha- 
gus. The  mucous  and  muscular  membranes  form, 
at  the  pylorus,  a  valve,  called  the  Pyloric  valve. 
These  three  coats  are  united  by  a  dense,  close, 
areolar  membrane ;  and,  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats,  along  the  two  curvatures  especi- 
ally, is  a  quantity  of  muciparous  glands,  called 
Glands  of  Brunner.  The  arteries  of  the  stomach 
are  very  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  coro- 
naria  ventriculi,  the  pyloric,  splenic,  and  right 
and  left  gastro-epiploio.  The  veins  have  the 
same  name,  and  pursue  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries.  They  pour  their  blood  into  the  trunk 
52 


of  the  vena  porta.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are 
very  numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglia,  situate 
along  the  two  curvatures.  The  nerves  of  the 
stomach  proceed  from  the  pneumogastrio,  and 
three  divisions  of  the  cceliac  plexus. 

Stomach  Cbll,  see  Favulus  —  s.  Disease,  Li- 
mosis  —  8.  First,  Ingluvies. 

Stomach  Pcmp,  Gastren'chyta,  Antli'a  gas'- 
trica.  A  useful  instrument  for  conveying  fluids 
to  the  stomach,  when  deglutition  is  impracticable, 
and  for  pumping  out  the  contents  of  that  organ. 
It  consists  of  a  forcing  syringe,  to  the  bottom 
and  nozzle  of  which  flexible  tubes  can  be  at- 
tached. When  the  object  is  to  force  fluids  into 
the  stomach,  the  stomach-tube  must  be  attached 
to  the  nozzle,  and  passed  down  the  throat,  —  the 
tube  connected  with  the  bottom  of  the  syringe 
being  placed  in  the  fluid  to  be  injected.  To 
empty  the  stomach,  tho  stomach-tube  must  be 
attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  instrument  This 
instrument  has  been  of  great  service  where  poi- 
sons have  been  taken.  The  antidote,  when  any 
exists,  and  is  at  hand,  should  be  administered 
immediately  prior  to  its  use. 

The  stomach  pump  was  first  employed  in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812. 

Stomach,  Second,  Proventriculus  —  s.  Sick, 
Milk  sickness  —  s.  Third,  Ventriculus  callosus  — 
s.  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

STOM'ACHAL,  Stomaeh'ic,  Stomach' teal,  Car- 
di'acus,  Stomach* icus,  Stomacha' lis,  Viscera! lis, 
(F.)  Stomacal,  Stomachique,  That  which  belongs 
to  the  stomach ;  that  which  is  good  for  the  sto- 
mach ;  which  strengthens  the  stomach.  A  me- 
dicine that  gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STOMACHALGIA,  Cardialgia, 

STOMACHI  RESOLUTIO,  Dyspepsia. 

STOMACHIC,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHICAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHIQUE  Stomachal. 

STOM'ACHUS,  from  orsua,  'mouth.'  This 
word  has  been  used  in  several  different  accepta- 
tions; for  example,  for  the  oesophagus,  for  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia,)  and 
for  the  stomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  oro/iago;  kvotcws  ;  and  the  neck  of 
the  uterus  rns  unrpas  aroua^os. 

STOMAL' G I  A,  Stomatal'gia,  Stomatodyn'ia, 
from  cTOfia,  '  mouth,'  and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in 
the  mouth;  Stomac'aci. 

STOMAPYRA,  Aphtha— s.  Aphtha,  Aphtha. 

STOMATALGIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMAT'IC,  Stomat'icus,  from  vroua,  'mouth.' 
A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  Ac,  of  the  mouth. 
Dentifrices,  masticatories,  Ac,  are  stomatics. 

STOMATITE  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis, 
aphthous  —  «.  Charbonneuse,  Cancer  aquaticus  — 
«.  Couenneuse,  Stomatitis,  pseudo-membranous— 
«.  Cremeuse  pultacte,  Aphtha)  — «.  Follicnleuse, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous  — «.  Gangrtneuae,  Cancer 
aquaticus — s.  3/ercurielle,  see  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial —  s.  Ulc6revee,  Stomatitis,  aphthous. 

STOMATI'TIS,  from  vroua,  'the  mouth,' and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  la  Bouche;  Inflammation  of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Aphthous,  S.  follicular ,  S.  wf'- 
cerous,  Emphly'sis  Aphtha,  A.  Adulto'rum,  (F.) 
Stomatite,  S.  aphtheuse,  S.  folliculeuae,  S.  t*t- 
eireuse.  An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  aphtha*  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied  by  cephalic,  gas- 
trio,  and  general  disturbance.  It  may  be  eithes 
descrete  or  confluent,  and  requires  general  and 
local  treatment,  adapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis,  Erythematous.  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 


STOMATITIS 


618 


STRANGALIDES 


Stoicatitis,  Exbudatiya,  Aphthss— s.  Follicu- 
lar, S.  aphthous  —  a.  Gangrenous,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

Stomatitis,  Mercu'rial,  Hydrargyroetom'- 
atis,  Hydrargyrostomati'tis,  Stomati'tis  mercuria'- 
lis.  Inflammation  of  the  mouth  induoed  by  mer- 
cury. * 

Stomatitis  op  Nursihg-womek  appears  to  be 
a  variety  of  S.  aphthous. 

Stomatitis,  Pseudomembranous,  (F.)  Stoma- 
tite  coucnneuse,  DiphthSrite  buccale,  Pseudo- 
membranous  inflammation  of  the  mouth; — in  its 
worst  form,  Stomatyphus,  (F.)  Ffgarite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth  accompanied  by  the  exuda- 
tion of  a  false  membrane, — a  disease  which  is 
rarely  seen  except  in  large  foundling  establish- 
ments. 

Stomatitis,  Ulcerous,  S.  aphthous  —  s.  Ve- 
siculosa infantum,  Aphtha. 

STOMATOCACE,  Stomaeace. 

STOMATODYNIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMATO-GAS'TRIC,  Sto'tnato-gasftricus, 
from  cropa,  *  the  mouth,1  and  ya<rrnp,  the  stomach.' 
Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  stomach, — as  the 
•tomato-gastric  ganglia  of  the  lower  animals. 

STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
maeace. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomaeace. 

STOMATOPA'NUS,  from  aroua,  'the  mouth/ 
and  vavoi,  'a  glandular  tumour/  Stomatophy'ma 
glandulosum,  Panus  Fau'cium,  Tumefaction  of 
the  glands  of  the  mouth. 

STOMATOPHY'MA,  from  oroua,  'the  mouth,' 
and  (pvfta,  *  a  swelling.'  A  swelling  in  the  mouth. 

Stomatophyma  Glandulosum,  Stomatopanus. 

STOMATOPLAS'TIC,  Stomatoplasties;  from 
eroua,  *  the  mouth,1  and  rXacau,  '  I  form.  The 
operation  of  forming  a  mouth,  where  the  aperture 
has  been  contracted  from  any  cause. 

STOMATORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrha'a,  Eat- 
morrhag"ia  oris,  H.  fau'cium,  San'guinis  proflu'- 
ei'um  ex  Or?,,  HamorrhoVde*  Oris,  Stomato'tis, 
Stomorrhag"ia,  (F.)  IlSmorrhagie  buccale,  from 
cropa,  'the  mouth/  and  pnyvvfti,  'I break  out.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  mouth. 

Stomatorrhagia  Alyeolortjm,  Phatnorrha- 
gia — s.  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagia. 

STOMATORRHCEA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSCOPE,  from  tmpa,  'mouth/ and 
ffKosrcw,  'I  view.'  Any  instrument  for  keeping 
the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the  parts  within 
to  be  inspected;  Speculum  oris. 

STOMATOSEPSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
-6T0MAT0SIS,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

STOMATYPHUS,  Stomatitis,  pseudomembra- 
nous. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 

STOMORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesical 

—  s.  Binder,   Ostoocolla — s.  Crop,  Sedum  —  s. 
'Crop,  biting,  Sedum  —  s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana 

—  s.  Pock,  Acne  —  8.  Root,  Collinsonia  Cana- 
densis. 

STONES,  THE,  Testes. 

STOOL,  Dejectio. 

ptool,  Calomel,  see  Calomel. 

STORAX,  Styrax  —  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
styraciflua. 

STOREY'S  WORM  CAKES.  An  empirical 
preparation,  formed  of  calomel  t)j,  jalap,  3J,  zin- 
Ifib.  Qy,  *uccA.  Jjf  ctnnao.  antim.  q.  s.  to  colour 
ihem  ;  syrup,  simpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into  cakes. 

3T0RKBILL,  Geranium  maculatum. 

STOVE.     Old  French  Estuve,  Stupka;  a 


Stew,  uEstuatrium,  (F.)  &tuve*  A  limited  spste, 
warmed  artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is  slowly 
renewed.  It  is  used  for  drying  various  subetanrc*, 
as  plants,  extracts,  conserves,  Ac,  or  for  tikxg 
vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the  stent  or  #M'.  j 
Baid  to  be  wet  or  humid  ;  in  the  opposite  ca«i%  * 
is  said  to  be  dry,  (F.)  siche.  The  latter,  vhi  -i  ■* 
used  by  the  Turks,  is  the  Lacon'icum  or  fti/^*'- 
rium  of  the  Romans.  The  former  is  their  h.  i- 
da'rium  or  Vapora'rium.  These  kinds  of  '^i  i 
greatly  excite  the*  cutaneous  transpiration:  aui 
are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  and  other  *£*■ 
tions. 

STRABI,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABILISMOS,  Strabismus. 

STRABIS'MUS,  Strabilie'moe,  Poroj/sii S»* 
bismus,  from  erpa&os,  *  twisted/ '  one  who  squiats: 
Strabos'itas,  Loxophthal'mm,  Distor'sio,  Iw'ri*. 
'Mo'sis,  Ho' sis,  Helo'sis,  Squinting,  GoggU  £>• 
(F.)  Strabisme,  Vue  louche,  LouehemenL  Val 
of  concordance  of  the  optic  axes.  It  nay  to 
dependent  upon  natural  or  acquired  inequl- ;» ■ 
the  action  of  the  motor  muscles  of  the  eje:  a 
a  oonvulsive  state  of  one  of  those  nnsc^iJ 
difference  in  the  sensibility,  of  the  two  eye* :  *  i 
cerebral  affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  tht  &- 
ease  seem  to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strrae*& 
in  one  of  the  motor  muscles,  we  must  endea*  - 
to  give  tone  to  that  which  is  too  weak,  bj  pU  ■% 
before  the  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  sfwuit 
on  the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  din*'  * 
pupil ;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  *i:: » 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  whirl u 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  refl^a 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  oip£ » 
be  turned  in  an  opposite  direction;  or  by  pat  3 
a  black  patch  on  the  angle  opposite  to  ihat » 
which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to  weakieA 
the  organ  must  be  strengthened  bj  being  «♦ 
erted  alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other  at  v'- 
If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cerebral  * 
tion,  attention  must,  of  course,  be  directed  t  J* 
latter. 

Strabismus  may  be  single  or  affect  one  eje  *> 
or  double,  and  it  may  be  convergent  or  ditt'?* 

Those  affected  with  Strabismus  *r*  «*■» 
Strabi,  Strabo'nee,  Strabo'ni9Strebli,IlliA*:*' 
ere,  Squint-eyed;  in  French,  Louche*,  2?»>«- 
.  Strabismus,  Convergent,  see  Strabbws- 
s.  Divergent,  see  Strabismus  —  s.  Doable, .« 
Strabismus  —  s.  Single,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONES,  see  Strabismus. 

BTRABONI,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus. 

STRABOT'OMY,  Strabotom'ia,  from  w» 
'one  who  squints/  and  re**,  'incision,'  I" 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  t*» 
division  of  the  musole  or  muscles  that  distort  0 
eye-ball. 

STRAIN,  Sprain. 

Strain,  colore,  (F.)  eouler,  from  *w:*  * 
stringere,  (F.)  ettreindre,  'to  constrict  or  s^w-' 
To  pass  decoctions,  infusions,  Ac,  forcibly  d?  ** 
linen  ;  also,  to  exert  an  effort  This  w  *:  *" 
plished  by  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where  the  ce- 
des to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order  thai  ^ 
full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING,  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pel«. 

STKAMOINE,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIA,  Datura 


STRAMONIUM,  Datura 

tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Majas  slb»-  '*" 
tura  stramonium — s.  Spinosum,  Datur*  &**' 
nium  —  s.  Vulgatum,  Datura  etramoorom. 

STRANGAL'IDES,  from  erpmyy**,  I  >* 
ment'  Small,  hard  tumours,  which  form  *  * 
breast,  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issaa 


STRANGALION 


819 


STROPHULE 


STRANGALION,  Tubercle. 
STRANGALIS,  Tubercle. 
STRANGALISMUS,  Strangulation. 
STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever,  strangers'. 

STRANG ULATIO,  Orthopnea,  Strangulation 
—  8.  Uvrina,  Angone. 

STRANGULA'TION,  Strangula'tio,  Pnix, 
Pnig'mos,  Strati  gaits' mm,  (  F.  )  JEtranglement, 
Strangulation.  State  of  a  part  too  closely  con- 
stricted. Thus  we  say  that  there  is  strangulation 
of  an  intestinal  hernia,  when  the  opening  that 
gives  passage  to  the  portion  of  protruded  intes- 
tine contracts,  so  as  to  intercept  the  continuity 
of  the  digestive,  canal.  In  Legal  Medicine ,  it 
means  the  forcible  obstruction  of  the  air  pas- 
sages, by  a  ligature  or  by  the  hand,  for  criminal 
purposes.     See  Suffocation. 

STRANGULATOR,  see  Lycoidea. 

STRANGURIA,  Enuresis— s.  Cruenta,  Cystor- 
rhagia. 

STRANGURIE,  Strangury  — #.  Menttruelle, 
Dysmenorrhea. 

STRANGU'RIOUS;  same  etymon  as  the  next 
Affected  with,  or  of  the  nature  of,  strangury. 

STRAN'GURY,  Stranguria,  Paru'ria  stiUa- 
ti'tia,  from  orpayytiv,  'to  squeeze,'  and  ovoov, 
'  urine  f  Dysu'ria,  UH'mb  Stillicid'ium  vel  Sub- 
stiVlum,  (F.)  Stranguria  Extreme  difficulty  In 
evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  only  drop  by 
drtfp,  and  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain,  tenes- 
mus at  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  Ac.  See  Ischuria, 
and  Retention. 

STRATHPEFFER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a  few 
miles  west  from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot- 
land. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
and  sulpho-hydric  acid. 

STRATIOTES,  Achillea  millefolium. 

STRATUM  BAGILLATUM,  see  Tunica  Ja- 
cobi  —  s.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muoosum  —  s.  Pig- 
ment^ see  Choroid  —  s.  Proligerum,  Proligerous 
disc. 

STRAWBERRY,  Fragaria— s.  Bush,  Euony- 
mus  Americanus  —  s.  Shrubby,  Rubus  arcticus — 
s.  Tree,  Euonymus  Americanus — s.  Wild,  Fragaria 
Virgin  iana. 

STREAK,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive, 

STREATHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Streatham  is  a  village  near  London.  The  waters 
are  saline  and  cathartic 

STREBLI,  see  Strabismus. 

STREBLOSIS,  Luxation. 

STREMMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

STREPITO'SUS  MORBUS.  'Noisy  disease.' 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  said  by  Sorbait  to  be 
not  uncommon  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  in  which 
emphysematous  tumours  form  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  —  accompanied  by  sonorous  excre- 
tion of  gas  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

STREPITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

STRETCHING,  Pandiculation. 

ST  RLE,  Vibices — s.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes 
— 8.  Corneae,  Tenia  semioiroularis — s.  Longitudi- 
nales  Lancisii,  see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Medul- 
lars, see,  Processus  teretes  —  s.  Retinss  subjeetsa 
ligamento  ciliari,  Halo  signatus — s.  Semilunares, 
T tenia  semicircularis — s.  Terminates,  Taenia  semi- 
circularis — s.  Transversa)  WiUisii,  see  Corpus  cal- 
losum. 

STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

STRIATUS,  Gannett,  Grooved,  see  Corpora 
striata. 

STRIBILIGO,  Efflorescence. 

STRICTURA,  Stricture  — s.  Ani,  Stricture  of 
the  rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti,  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti  spasmodica,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum,  spasmo<lio — s.  (Esophagi  calloaa, 


Dysphagia  constricta — 8.  (Esophagi  spasmodica* 
(Esophagismus — s.  Pharyngis  seu  oesophagi  vera, 
Dysphagia  constricta — s.  Pneputii,  Phimosis  — 
8.  Urethra,  Urethrostenosis — s.  Ventriculi,  Stric- 
ture of  the  stomach. 

STRICTURE,  Stricturra,  from  stringere,  stric- 
tum,  'to  tie  hard.'  Qoarcta'tio,  Stegno'sis,  (F.) 
RStricissement.  A  diminution  or  contracted  con- 
dition of  some  tube  or  duct,  as  the  oesophagus, 
rectum,  urethra,  Ac.  This  must  be  dilated  by 
appropriate  bougies.  Strictures  may,  also,  occur 
in  the  intestines :  they  are  unmanageable,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  the  rectum,  which  admit 
of  topical  applications. 

Stricturb  op  the  (Esophagus,  Dysphagia 
constricta  —  s.  of  the  Pharynx,  Dysphagia  con* 
stricta. 

Stricturb  of  the  Rectum,  Spasmodic,  SMc- 
tufra  Intesti'ni  Recti  spasm od' tea,  Obstruc'tio  Recti 
spas' tica.  An  affection  occurring  in  the  nervous 
especially,  which  subsides  spontaneously,  after  a 
longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum,  Strietu'ra  Ani  seu  /«- 
testi'ni  Recti,  Archostegno'tna,  Rectosteno'sis^  Eu- 
thyenterosteno'ma,  Archostegno'sie,  Archosteno'sin, 
ProctoHneli'sis,  Angusta'tio  et  Restric'tio  intestini 
recti  vel  ani,  Stenocko'ria  intesti'ni  recti,  Procto- 
stenosis organ'ica,  occurs  also  organically,  and  is 
a  very  serious  affection ;  being  generally  depend- 
ent upon  scirrhus. 

Stricturb  op  thb  Stomach,  Gaetrosteno'sis, 
Coarcta'tio  seu  Strietu'ra  ventric'uli.  See  Gaa- 
trostenosis  cardiacs,  Ac 

Stricture  op  the  Urethra,  Urethrostenosis 
—  s.  of  the  Urinary  bladder,  Cystostenochoria — 
s.  Vesicas  urinariie,  Cystostenochoria. 

STRIDOR  DENTIUM,  Brygmus. 

STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS,  Isth- 
mus of  the  fossa  ovalis. 

STRIGIL,  Strig'ilia,  Stlen'gis,  Stclen'gis.  A 
flesh-brush.  ^  Also,  an  instrument,  anciently  used 
in  the  baths*  for  scraping  off  the  sweat. 

STRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Muscu- 
lar fibre. 

STROBILITFTES,  from-  crpoffiXos,  stro'bihis, 
'a  cone  of  the  pine.'  Wine  impregnated  with 
the  cones  of  the  pine. 

STROEMIA,  Cadaba. 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apoplectic 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  op  the  Heart,  Impulse,  dia- 
stolic. 

Stroke,  Paralyt'ic.  A  sudden  attack  of  en- 
cephalo-spinal  paralysis. 

STROMA,  Strag'ulwn,  Stramen'tum;  from 
?rpa>vvv4»,  cTpuivrofti,  'to  spread  out;  to  cover.' 
The  bed  or  foundation -texture  of  an  organ, —  as 
the  stroma  of  the  ovary.  Applied,  also,  to  the 
bed  or  base  of  any  deposit — as  the  'amorphous 
stroma'  of  scrofulous  deposits. 

STROMBULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet) 

STRONQLE,  Strongylus— •.  Giant,  Strongylus 

gig**- 

STRON'GYLUS,  from  erpoyyv\es,  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chabert,  and  others,  mean  the  A*'- 
caris  lumbrieoi'des  by  this  term.  The  Strongylus 
Qigas,  (F.)  StrongU,  S.  giant,  is,  however,  dis- 
tinct. It  has  an  obtuse,  flat  head;  mouth  sur- 
rounded with  six  flatfish  papillae:  the  whole  bursa 
of  the  male  truncated :  the  tail  of  the  female 
rounded.  It  is  sometimes  met  with, — five  inches, 
a  foot,  a  foot  and  a  half,  and  even  three  feet  long, 
— and  from  two  lines  to  half  an  inch  in  diameter. 
It  is  occasionally  found  in  the  human  kidney; 
rarely  in  other  viscera,  and  still  more  rarely  in 
the  intestinal  tube. 

Strokgtlus,  Teres. 

STROPHOS,  Tormina. 

STROPMULE,  Strophulus, 


STROPHULUS 


820 


8TRYCHNOS 


STROPHULUS,  Lichtni'atit  ttroph'ulut, 
EbullW'io,  Exanthe'ma  ttrophulut,  Exor'mia 
ttrophulut,  Red  Gum,  Red  Gown,  Tooth  Rath, 
White  Gum,  Milk-tpott,  (F.)  StrophuU,  Feux  de 
dent*.  It  consists  of  an  eruption  of  red,  or  some- 
times whitish  pimples;  occurring  in  early  infancy, 
chiefly  about  the  face,  neck,  and  arms,  surrounded 
by  a  reddish  halo;  or  interrupted  by  irregular 
patches  of  cutaneous  blush.  All  the  varieties 
under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme vascularity  and  irritability  of  the  skin  at 
this  period  of  life,  when  the  constitution  is  liable 
to  be  disturbed  by  irritation,  either  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  gums  or  other  parts.  None  of 
these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance,  and  no 
medical  treatment  is  UBuaily  necessary.  If  the 
stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little  rhubarb 
and  magnesia  may  be  administered  occasionally. 
Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  five  species, —  Stro- 
phulus intertinc'tue,  Red  gum  or  gown;  S.  al'bidut 
or  white  gum;  S.  confer4 tut  or  rank  red  gum, 
Tooth  rath;  S.  volat'icut  or  En/ the' ma  volatficum, 
and  S.  can'didut. 

Strophulus  Sylvestris,  Ignis  sylvaticus — s. 
Volaticus,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 
STROPHUS,  Tormina, 
STRUCTIO,  Structura. 
STRUCTURAL;  same  etymon  as  the  next 
Of,  or  belonging  to,  structure. 

STRUCTURE,  Structu'ra,  Struc'tio,   Con/or- 
ma'tio,    Catatceu'e,    from   ttruere,  ttructum,    'to 
build.'    The  arrangement  of  the  different  tissues 
or  organio  elements  of  which  animals  and  vege- 
tables are  composed. 
STRUMA,  Bronchocele,  Scrofula. 
Struma  Adipo'sa,  Obet'itat  colli.    Fatty  neck. 
Prominence  of  the  nock  from  obesity. 
STRUM ES,  Scrofula. 
STRUMEUX,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSIS  CEREBRI,  Encephalophymata 
—  s.  Pulmonum,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
STRUMOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUTHIOPH'AGUS,   from   trfovltov,  'a 
young  ostrich,,  and  <payu,  *  I  eat'    Struthiopha- 
gous  tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
STRUT HIUM,  Saponaria. 
STRUVE'S  LOTION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH,  see  Lotion,  Struve's,  for  hooping-cough. 
STRYCHNIA,  Strychni'na,  8trych'nine,Strych- 
ni'num,   Strych'nium,    Vauqueline.     An  alkaline 
principle;  solid,  crystalline,  inodorous,  bitter,  and 
excessively  poisonous,  which  has  been  discovered 
in   the   Strychnot  nux  vomica.     (Nucit  vomica. 
rasur.  ttnv;  calcit  pulv.  §vj ;  acid,  muriat.  f§iij; 
alcohol.,  acid,  sulphuric,  dil.,  liquor,  ammonia, 
carbon,  animal,  purif.,  aqua,  fia  q.  s.    Digest  the 
nux  vomica  in  two  gallons  of  water,  acidulated 
with  a  fluidounce  of  muriatic  acid,  for  24  hours : 
then  boil  for  two  hours,  and  strain  with  expres- 
sion through  a  strong  linen  bag.    Boil  the  resi- 
duum twice  successively  in  the  same  quantity  of 
acidulated  water,  each  time  straining  as  before. 
Mix  the  decoctions,  and  evaporate  to  the  consist- 
ency of  thin  syrup;  then  add  the  lime  previously 
mixed  with  a  pint  of  water,  and  boil  for  ten  mi- 
nutes, frequently  stirring.    Pour  the  mixture  into 
a  double  linen  bag,  and  having  washed  the  pre- 
cipitate well  with  water,  press,  dry,  and  powder 
it     Treat  the  powder  repeatedly  with  boiling 
alcohol,  until  deprived  of  its  bitterness ;  mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol  by  means  of  a 
water-bath.     Mix  the  residue  with  water,  and 
having  applied  heat,  drop  in  sufficient  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  to  neutralize  and  dissolve  the  strych- 
nia ;  then  add  purified  animal  charcoal ;  boil  for 
a  few  minutes,  filtci,  evaporate,  and  crystallize. 
Dissolve  the  crystals  in  water,  and  add  sufficient 


solution  of  ammonia  to  precipitate  the  ftryeiik 
Lastly,  dry  the  precipitate  on  bibulous  pipe:. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  The  medical  action  of  stryefaou  i 
man  and  animals  is  exactly  like  that  of  the  ii  - 
holio  extract  of  nux  vomica.  It  is,  bowcur, 
more  active.  An  eighth  of  a  grain  is  suficitct  w 
kill  a  large  dog ;  and  a  quarter  of  a  grain  \>r.- 
duces  marked  effects  on  the  human  body.  wt»c 
in  health.  It  has  been  given  in  paralTiu  ul 
other  cases  like  the  nux  vomica.  Do*,  vm 
twelfth  to  one  eighth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Acetate  of,  Strychnia  awtu- 
8.  Hydriodate  of,  Strychnia*  hydriodas — i.  Itl&'t 
of,  Strychnia  iodas  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Strychnit  Lj. 
driodas. 

StRYCH'NIA,  I'ODIDE  Of  IODHYDRATB  OP.  F.' 
Iodure  d* Iodhydrate  de  Strychnine,  is  nude  1*  * 
solution  of  ioduretted  iodide  of  potattiun  io:  » 
solution  of  a  salt  of  strychnia;  treating  th«  i> 
cipitate  with  boiling  alcohol,  and  crystal-:- 
Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia.  Do*  » 
sixth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Nitrate  of,  Strychnia)  nitraf— 4 
Sulphate  of,  Strychniae  sulphas. 

Strychnia  and  Zinc,  Double  Iodide  a, 
double  Iodide  of  Zino  and  Strychnia. 

STRYCH'NLfi  ACE'TAS,  Stryeh'ni**  « 
Strychni'num  ace'tieum,  Ace* tat  ttryek'nu  ~i 
ttrych'nicut,  Ac"etate  of  Strychnia  or  Arjrh." 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  direct  combining  •' 
ttrychnia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  gives  is  u 
same  cases  as  pure  strychnia. 

Strych'nia  Hydri'odas,  &  iodlfi" 
Strych'nium  hydroiod'icum,  Ifydri'odaa  *eu  <  ' 
hy'drot  ttrych'nicut,  Hydri'odote  or  A'" 
Strychnia,  is  prepared  by  mixing  a  solut.-: 
iodide  of  potattium  with  a  concentrated  s*.-- -J 
of  acetate  of  ttrychnia, 

Strych'NLB  I'ODAB,  Strychni'na  T oAw, •cw- 
ni'na  loda'ta,  Strych'nium  eeu  &rycA»fm*  • 
icum,  l'odat  Strych'nii  sea  Strych'niett.  I  '»- 
of  Strychfnia  or  Strychnine.     This  salt  nsj  ": 
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solas*  ■' 
iodic  acid  to   ttrychnia;    treating  witi  *••■" 
alcohol;  filtering,  and  leaving  it  to  spoDtai:  -: 
evaporation. 

Strychxije  NrrRAS,  Strych'nium  nftrim*.  >' 
trate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Used  b  -' 
same  cases  as  strychnia. 

Strych'nijb  Sulphas,  JStrych'nium  *»/p*'" 
cum,  Sulphate  of  Strychnia  or  jSrryessi""*.  E- 
the  same  properties. 

8TRYCHNINA,  Strychnia. 

STRYCHNINE,  Strychnia. 

STRYCHNINUM,  Strychnia. 

STRYCHNIUM,  Strychnia— a  Ac**-* 
Strychnia*  acetas — s.  Nitricum,  Strychnia  b-=» 
—  s.  Sulphurioum,  Strychnise  sulphas. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara -&€"-* 
nensis,  see  Curare  —  s.  Ignatii,  Ignab'a  sn** 

Strychnos  Nux  Vom'ica,  Sux  Fo««H  *\' 
Mctel'la,  Caniram,  Koochla  tree.  Family.  Stoj  '/ 
noidese.  Sex.  Sytt.  Pentandria  Monogrua  • 
Vomiquier.  A  tree  of  the  family  StryeU  •• 
which  grows  in  India,  and  the  seeds  of  *  * 
have  been  long  sold  in  the  shops,  wAr  '• 
names,  Nux  Vomica,  Yomic  nut,  P#**  »'; 
Bachelor*'  buttont,  Ac,  (F.)  Xoix  cowtf*-  ' " 
a  long  time,  these  seeds  were  used  only  f<f  !*-* 
soning  rats;  but  of  late  years,  an  aleoW*  j1* 
tract  has  been  prepared  from  them,  wbiri  '* 
been  administered  in  paralytic  affectioos,  ir  »* 
doses.  Dose  of  the  A  koholic  Extract,  Ei**  * 
nucit  vom'ica  tpirituo'tHm,  E.  nmcit  vomit*  "* 
no' turn,  E.  n.  v.  alcohoTicttm,  (F.)  Ertrajt  *' 
holique  de  noix  vomique,  one  or  two  grsio* 
produces  a  kind  of  tetanic  convukioa  m  t^f* 
ralyzed  parts,  when  given  to  the  reqtiafc  ****** 
It  has,  also,  been  administered  in  earoaie  4* 


STRYPflNA 


821 


STYLO-MASTOE) 


rhoea  and  dysentery.  The  following  is  the  for- 
mula for  the  preparation  of  the  Extrac'tum  Nu- 
cis  Vom'icab  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  Take  of  Nux 
vomica,  lbj ;  Alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Ex- 
pose the  Nux  Vomica  to  steam  till  it  is  softened ; 
then,  having  sliced  and  dried  it,  grind  it  into 
powder.  Introduce  it  into  an  apparatus  for  dis- 
placement, and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  gradually, 
until  the  liquid  passes  without  bitterness.  Distil 
off  the  greater  part  of  the  alcohol  from  the  filtered 
liquor,  and  evaporate  the  residue  to  the  proper 
consistence. 

The  hark  is  the/abe  anguttura  or  false  cuapa- 
ria  bark  ;  Rohun. 

The  wood  of  Strychno*  eolubri'na,  an  Indian 
tree,  contains  strychnia.    It  was  formerly  consi- 
dered a  specific  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
animals;  and  was  recommended  by  Boerhaave 
in  intermittents.    It  is  the  Lignum  Colubri'num, 
(P.)  Bait  de  Couleuvre, 
Stryobnos  Toxicaria,  see  Curare. 
STRYPHNA,  Astringents. 
STRYPHNOS,  Acerb. 
STUDIOSUS  MEDICINES,  Philiatros. 
STUDIUM  INANE,  Aphelxia  otiosa, 
STUDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
STUFFING,  Cynanche  traohealis. 
STULTITIA,  Fatuitas. 

STUMP,  (G.)  Stumpf,  (D.)  Stomp,  «a 
stump.;'  also,  'blunt.'  (F.)  Moignon.  The  part 
remaining  from  which  a  limb  or  other  part  has 
been  amputated  or  removed  in  any  manner. 

STUNNED.  Old  French,  Ertonni,  (L.)  atto- 
nlttui,  'astonished.'  (F.)  EtonnS.  An  epithet, 
applied  to  one  who,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  or 
other  accident,  has  received  such  a  ooncussion 
of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 
mental  manifestations. 

STUPA,  Stupha,  Stuppa,  Stupei'on.  Tow,  used 
In  certain  surgical  apparatuses  and  dressings. 
Also,  a  Stupe,  that  is,  cloth  or  tow  used  in  fo- 
mentations. A  flannel  or  other  article  wrung  out 
of  hot  water,  plain  or  medicated,  applied  to  a 
part,  is  a  stupe.  The  act  of  applying  such  stupe 
is  called  ntuping. 
STUPE,  Stupa. 

STUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics, 
STUP$FACTIFS,  Narcotics. 
STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis. 
STUP&FIANTS,  Narcotics. 
STUPEION,  Stupa. 
STUPEUR,  Stupor. 
STUPHA,  Stove,  Stupa. 
STUPIA,  Tin. 

STUPIDITAS,  Idiotism,  Imbecility.  ' 
STUPING,  see  Stupe. 

STUPOR,  Ecplex'ie,  Ecplex'xa,  Consterna'tio, 
(F.)  Stupeur,  from  etupere,  'to  be  stupified.' 
Diminished  activity  of  the  intellectual  faculties ; 
often  amounting  to  lethargy.  It  occurs  in  many 
affections,  especially  in  the  neuroses. 

Stupor,  Narcosis — s.  Artuum,  Obdorxnitio — s. 
Dentium,  Hsomodia  —  s.  Formicans,  Formication 
— s.  Mentis,  Fatuitas — s.  Vigilans,  Catalepsy. 
STUPPA,  Stupa. 
STUPRATION,  Stuprum. 
STUPRUM,  Rape,  Stupra'tion,  (F.)  Deflora- 
tion, Viol.  Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a 
married  or  unmarried  female.  When  committed 
upon  the  latter,  which  is  most  commonly  the 
case,  it  is  also  called,  De/lora'tion,  Deflora'lio, 
Devirgina'tio,  Vitia'tio,  Apanthu'mut,  Ac  In 
judging  whether  rape  has  been  committed  under 
such  circumstances,  the  state  of  the  genital  or- 
gans ;  the  age  of  the  individual ;  and  the  possibi- 
lity of  accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will 
hare  to  be  considered.   It  will  be  necessary,  also, 


to  be  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no  longer 
exist,  —  whether  its  loss  be  attributable  to  copu- 
lation, or  to  the  introduction  into  the  vagina  of 
any  other  body  than  the  male  organ,  Ac.  Recent 
deflowering  can,  of  course,  be  much  more  readily 
distinguished  than  that  which  has  taken  place 
some  time. 

STUTTERING,  Balbuties. 

STYAN,  Hordeolum. 

STYE,  Hordeolum. 

STY  MATES.  M.  J.  Cloquet  has  proposed 
this  word,  or  Stigmatee,  from  ariyfia,  '  a  mark/ 
to  designate  the  marks,  in  form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  oblite- 
ration of  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac  They  are, 
commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  appear- 
anoe,  more  or  less  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 

STYLET,  Specillum. 

STYLI,  Styloid  processes. 

STYLIFORM,  Styloid. 

STYLO  -  CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus  —  s. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO -CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus,  to  a  fleshy  fasci- 
culus which  the  stylo-hyoid  muscle  sometimes 
presents,  and  which  is  attached  to  the  lesser 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same  fascicu- 
lus which  Santorini  calls  Stylo-hyoVdee  novut, 
Stylo-hyoideus  alter. 

STYLO-GLOSSUS.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It  ib  nar- 
row behind,  much  broader  before;  is  attached 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and  is  inserted 
into  the  side  of  the  tongue.  It  raises  the  base  of 
the  tongue  and  carries  it  backwards. 

STYLO-HYOIDEUS,  Stylo-hyoldien,  Stylo- 
ccr'ato-hyoldeui,  Stylo-ceratoi' dc9,  Stylo-hyoidet 
major.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  superior,  ante- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  ana 
narrow,  —  especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  digas- 
tricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of 
the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

Sttlo-htoid  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
oord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Sttlo-htoid  Nerve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  facial  nerve. 

STYLOID,  Sty'li/orm,  Styloi'dee,  GraphioV- 
de»,  GraphoVdet,  Graphio'dee,  Graph  idoi'dee, 
Belono'dea, from  crvlos,  'a  style/  'a peg/  'a  pin/ 
and  eiia,  'shape.'     Shaped  like  a  peg  or  pin. 

Styloid  Cornua,  see  Hyoides  os. 

Styloid  Progresses,  Pencil-like  Procenaei,- 
Proces'ttut  Beloldes  seu  Belemnotde*  sen  BelonoV- 
det  seu  Graphiotdea  seu  GraphoVdee,  Styli,  are, 
1.  A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles, 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  processes 
at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius  and  ulna. 
STYLO-MASTOID,  Stylo-mastoldet*.  That 
which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  )  pro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Aktery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen ; 
passes  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
spreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  semi-circular  canals;  and  terminates  by  anat> 


STYLO-MAXILLARY 


822 


SUBCLAYIAH 


tomoslng  with  a  branch  of  the  Arteria  meningva 
madia,  which  enters  by  the  Hiatus  Fallopii. 
Murray  baa  given  the  name — Stylo-mattoid — to 
the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

Stylo-mastoid  Fora'mbn,  Foramen  Stylo-mae- 
Ujidenm  or  F.  Aqu&duc'tu*  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Trou 
anon  i/ me f  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  styloid  and  mastoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  facial  nerve. 

STYLO-MAX'ILLARY,  Stylo-maxilla' ri: 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Sttlo-Maxillary  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  styloid 
process  and  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO  -PHARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo -thy  ro- 
pharyngien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender ;  thin 
above;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes  of 
the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pharynx 
and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier 
has  united,  under  the  name  Stylo-pharyngien, 
the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the  pharynx,  the 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  palato-pbaryngcus. 

STYLOPH'ORUM  DIPHYL'LUxM,  Meconop'- 
*i$  diphyl'la,  Cel'andine  Poppy,  Horn  Poppy, 
Bruise  root.  An  indigenous  plant,  of  the  family 
Papaverocese,  growing  from  western  Pennsylva 
nia  to  Wisconsin,  which  flowers  from  May  to  Au- 
gust The  juice  is  fetid  and  narcotic.  Infused 
in  wine,  it  has  been  given  internally  in  gravel  ,* 
and  has  been  applied  externally  to  contusions,  Ac. 

STYLO-THYRO-PHARYNQIEN,  Stylo- 
pharyngeus. 

STYLUS,  Sound. 

Stylus  Excava'tub,  SpeciVlum  excava'tum. 
A  hollow  sound. 

STYMA,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 

STYM'MATA,  from  m^a,  'that  which  con- 
stricts or  thickens/  The  most  solid  ointments. 
Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  increasing  their 
consistence. 

STYPSIS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

STYPTERIA,  Alumen,  Styptics. 

STYPTIC,  EATON'S.  A  name  first  given  to 
Helvetians  Styptic,  when  introduced  into  Great 
Britain.  It  is  now  usually  made  of  calcined 
green  vitriol,,*};  proof  tpirit,  tinged  with  a  little 
oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  Helvtbtius'b,  seeFerrum  tartarisatum. 

Styptic,  Ruspini'b,  Liquor  Stypt'icn*  Rxupini. 
A  nostrum,  said  to  consist  of  gallic  acid,  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  opium,  dissolved 
in  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  roae-toater,  which  has 
had  much  reputation  as  an  internal  and  external 
astringent 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tia,  Conetricti'va  Medica- 
men'ta,  Conttringen'tia,  Anastal'tica,  Stypte'ria, 
from  oTvnu,  '  I  constringe.'  Sometimes  used  sy- 
nonymously with  astringent,  but  generally  ap- 
plied to  a  substanoe  employed  to  arrest  hemor- 
rhage, —  Ena'mon.  A  mechanical  etyptie  is  one 
that  arrests  the  flow  of  blood,  by  being  applied 
Immediately  to  the  mouth  of  the  bleeding  vessel, 
or  by  inducing  a  coagulum,  mechanically,  in 
it  A  chymical  etyptic  is  one  which  coagu- 
lates, chymically,  the  blood  around  a  bleeding 
orifice. 

STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil. 

STYRAX,  from  em/jof,  'a  reed/  in  which  it 


was  preserved.  A  resin  obtained  firm  tite  Sy- 
rax  officina'lie  and  S.  ealamfta.  It  is  the  »-».i 
storax;  —  officinal  torax.  There  are  two  kzA 
of  storax  met  with:  L.  The  Bed  Stem. (#*» 
Storax,  Thus  Judao'ntm,  Styrax  nbrs,  £y  <v 
bal'samum,  Balsamum  $4yracu  oficimaiu,*+.ii 
is  obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  ojRo'a-  «, 
and,  perhaps,  from  the  Liquidam'bar  ontti ;  -a 
The  purest  is  in  tears ;  but  it  has  lost  some  t:  a 
smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax,  Styrai  e* 
lami'ta.  That  which  has  been  received  ia  «** 
or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added  mx.*~ 
ately  to  thicken  it  The  odour  of  storax  ii  »- 
grant j  the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  consider*!  at 
the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  expo 
rant,  but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pc'rified  Storax,  S.  eola'ta,  S.  purifaW* 
prepared  by  dissolving  storax  in  alcohtl;  stri?- 
ing  the  solution ;  then  distilling  off  the  *>  -a 
with  a  gentle  heat,  until  the  storax  acqiLTf  ar 
proper  consistence.  —  Ph.  U.  S.  Dose,  gr. ' 
to  xxx. 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Penuferun-J 
Bensoin,  see  Benjamin  —  s.  Calamita,  see  Srry 
— s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar  styraciflua— s.  Ol- 
nalis,  see  Styrax. 

STYSIS,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

SUAVEOLENS,  Beneolens. 

SUB.  A  common  Latin  prefix,  signifjia 
'  beneath.' 

BUBAC'TIO,  Chiro'sU,  Ckeirosis.  Tb*  V 
ration  of  making  plasters,  extracts,  Ac*  *i^  w 
hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 

SUBAFFECTIO,  Hydropathia. 

SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribadc. 

SUB-ATLOSDEUS,  /M/ra^rflsWtssl(F.l&> 
a  tl old  ten.  That  which  is  situate  bcauA  *~ 
atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra.  Chsssriffsu 
given  this  name  to  the  second  pair  of  ten-*. 
nerves. 

SUB-AXOiDEUS,  Infra-axoidenh  (F.)$* 
axotdien.  That  which  is  below  the  ctii  o:  »■*• 
tcbra  dentata.  Chaussier  has  given  this  me** 
the  third  pair  of  cervical  nerves. 

SUBBORAS  NATRICUM,  Borax. 

SUBCARTILAGINEUM,  Hypochoodre. 

SUBCLAVIAN,  Subcla'vins,  Smbelatin'^ 
from  tub,  'under,'  and  elans,  'the  dar.<* 
That  which  is  under  the  clavicle. 

Subclavian  Arteries,  (F.)  Ar&rm  •»*-'*• 
triiree,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  thefk* 
and  the  lateral  and  lower  parts  of  tke  *? 
The  right  arises  at  the  corresponding  «de  «f  * 
trachea,  and  comes  off  from  the  arteria  i*^ 
nata  or  brachio-cephalio  trunk.  The  left  k»^ 
the  aorta  at  the  end  of  the  arch.  Both  <*"-'• 
as  far  as  the  superior  surface  of  the  fir*  "  •i 
the  space  between  the  scaleni  muscle*  be*-* 
whieh  they  take  the  name  axillary  vt'"+ 
The  subclavian  arteries  run,  for  some  d^* 
without  sending  off  any  branch.  In  the  c -j 
bourhood  of  the  first  rib,  however,  they  p«  •■ 

1.  Upwards,  the  vertebral  and  inferior  thfrei*- ?■ 

2.  Downward*,  the  internal  mammary  and  «P 
rior  intercostal  3.  Outward*,  the  trans***  « 
vical  or  posterior  scapttlar,  the  superior  *«?** 
and  the  posterior  cervical  or  profunda.         . 

Subclavian  or  Subclavius  Mrw%*\  ->»''• 
via'nus,  (F.)  Costo-dariculair*  (Cb.).  ****"* 
vier,  is  situate  at  the  superior  and  antemr  I* 
of  the  chest  It  is  attached,  by  its  ins**1* 
mity,  to  the  superior  surface  of  the  csru.*^  • 
the  first  rib;  and  by  its  superior  B*r*^ 
outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surf**  f  ml 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clana*-*" 
carries  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  i»  -*• 
it  can  raise  the  first  rib.  ,   ~^ 

Subclavian  Yxws,  (F.)  Vet na  uss-cta" ** 


SUBCLAVICULA 


83$ 


SUBMENTAL 


are  continuations  of  the  axillary,  and  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  scalenus  anticus,  in 
front  of  which  they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.  The  right 
subclavian  vein  is  very  short;  the  left,  longer 
and  broader.  These  veins  receive  the  mouths  of 
the  internal  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral  and 
superior  intercostal.  The  left  subclavian  receives 
two  veins  more  than  the  right, — the  left  internal 
mammary  and  left  inferior  thyroid.  The  thora- 
cic duct  opens  into  the  left  subclavian : — the  cor- 
responding great  lymphatic  vessel  into  the  right 

SUBCLAVICULA,  from  sub,  'under/  and 
clavicula,  '  the  clavicle.'    The  first  rib. 

SUBCLAVICULARS,  Subclavian. 

6UBCLAVIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 

SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat  bloody;'  from 
tub,  and  cruentus,  'bloody;'  Hypha'mos.  That 
which  has  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  excreted  substances,  whioh 
are  mixed  with  blood,  or  have  the  appearance  of 
blood. 

SUBCRURiBI,  see  Cruraeus. 
"  SUBCUTA'NEOUS,   Subcuta'neus,  from  tub, 
'nndcr/  and  cutis,  'the  skin;'  Intercuta'neus,  (F.) 
Sous-cutout.    That  which  is  placed  immediately 
under  the  skin. 

Subcctaneus  Colli,  Superficialhf  colli  —  s. 
Mala?  (Nervus),  Orbitar  nerve. 

SUBDELIRIUM,  Typhomania. 

SUB'DITA,  Subditif'ia,  from  subdere,  'to  put 
under;'  Pros' theta.  Medicines  introduced  into 
some  one  of  the  natural  apertures; — as  supposi- 
tories, pessaries,  Ac. 

SUBDITITIA,  Subdita. 

SUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 

SUBER,  Cork.— the  bark  of  the  Querent  Suber 
or  Cork  Tree.  (F.)  Lifge.  Family,  Amentaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  Cork,  when 
burnt,  is  applied  as  a  mechanical  styptic  to 
bleeding  piles,  Ac.  Surgeons  use  it  for  making 
tents ;  and  it  has  been  recommended  to  be  worn 
as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secretion  of  milk ! 

SUBETH,  Coma. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  A  suture  re- 
sulting from  the  articulation  of  the  os  frontis 
with  the  nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary 
bone,  and  the  proper  bones  of  the  nose. 

SUBORONDATION,  Depression. 

SUBHUMERATIO,  Catomismos. 

6UBIGAT0R,  Tribade. 

SUBINFLAMMATIO,  Subinflammation  —  8. 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

SUBINFLAMMA'TION,  Subinjlamma 'tio, 
from  tub,  'under,'  and  inflammatio.  Inflamma- 
tiun'cula,  Hypophlegma'sia.  A  mild  degree  of 
inflammation,  bo  slight  as  hardly  to  deserve  the 
name  inflammation.  Broussais  understood  by  the 
term,  an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena 
of  the  vessels  that  convey  white  blood.  Lym- 
phatic engorgements,  scrofula,  herpes,  and  cancer 
he  considered  subinflammations. 

SUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES,  from  tub, 
'  under,'  and  intrare,  '  to  enter.'  Communican'tes 
febres.  Fevers  primarily  intermittent,  whose 
paroxysms  approximate,  so  that  one  paroxysm 
Begins  before  that  which  preceded  it  has  gone 
through  it*  stages. — L.  Bellini 

SUBJECTIVE  SENSATIONS,  see  Sensation. 

SUB.JEE,  Bangue. 

SUBLIGACULUM,  Truss. 

6UBLIGATURA,  Truss. 

SUBLIMAMENTUM,  EnaoTeraa. 

SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMA'TION,  Sublima'tio,  MeteortVmus, 
ffypso'sis,  from  sublimo,  '  I  raise  up.'  An  opera- 
tion by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are  volatilized 


and  condensed  at  the  upper  part  of  a  subliming 
apparatus.  Calomel,  sal  ammoniac,  Ac,  are  com- 
monly obtained  by  sublimation.  The  product  of 
sublimation  is  a  Sub' li mate  Sub  lima' turn,  (F.)  Sub- 
Unit. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIME,  Sublimis. 

SUBLIME,  Enteorema,  Sublimate— «.  Corro- 
sif,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias. 

SUBLI'MIS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
sublimis  to  certain  muscles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  muscles. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the 
former,  the  Jlexor  sublimit  digitorum  is  an  ex- 
ample. 

The  French  use  the  term  'respiration  sublime* 
for  the  respiration  which  is  accompanied  by  con- 
siderable elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  separa- 
tion of  the  alte  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspiration. 

SUBLINGUA,  Uvula. 

SUBLINGUAL,  Sublingualis,  (F.)  Souslin- 
gual,  from  sub,  '  under,'  and  lingua,  '  the  tongue.' 
That  which  is  seated  under  the  tongue. 

Sublingual  Artery,  with  some,  is  the  Lin- 
gual. With  others,  it  is  a  branch  given  off  by 
the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus  muscle, 
which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the  sublingual 
gland,  to  the  mylo-hyoid,  and  genio-glossus  mus- 
cles, Ac. 

Sublingual  Gland,  Qlan'dula  sublingualis, 
O.  Bartholinia'na,  0.  Rivinia'na,  is  seated  in  the 
substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  mouth,  be- 
neath the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue.  It  is 
smaller  than  tho  submaxillary,  of  which  it  fre- 
quently seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It  ii 
oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered  by 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
which  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts  —  Ductus  Rivinia'ni  eeu  Walthe- 
ria'ni — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  frenum 
Ungues,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  sepa- 
rately.   It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  parotid. 

SUBLINGUIUM,  Uvula. 

SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis. 

SUBLOB'ULAR,  Sublobula'ris ;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  lobus,  'a  lobe.'  That  whioh  is 
placed  under  a  lobe. 

SuBLOBULAR  VEINS  OF  THE  LlVKR.     The  YeiM 

in  which  the  intra-lobular  veins  terminate.  By 
their  union,  the  sublobular  veins  form  tho  hepatic 
veins. 

SUBLUXATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAXILLARY,  Submaxilla'ris,  Infra- 
maxilla' ris,  (F.)  Sous-maxillaire,  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  maxilla,  'the  jaw.'  That  whioh  is 
seated  beneath  the  jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the  Vidian 
nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lingual  nerve 
of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  filaments  form  a 
plexus  which  penetrates  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Submaxillary  Gland,  Max'illary  Oland,  Hy- 
pognath'aden,  is  a  salivary  gland,  less  than  the 
parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ramus  and 
body  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone,  in  the  trian- 
gular space  between  the  two  bellies  of  tho  digas- 
tricus.  Irregularly  ovoid,  and  flattened  on  three 
surfaces,  it  has  the  same  aspect  and  organization 
as  the  other  salivary  glands.  Its  excretory  duct 
is  called  Wharton*s  Duct,  and  terminates  at  the 
side  of  the  framum  linguse,  by  a  very  small  orifice. 
It  is  also  called  Ductus  inferior. 

SUBMENTAL,  Submentals,  (F.)  Soutmemtdk 


SUBMERSION 


854 


6UBSULTUS 


from  sub,  'under,'  and  mentum,  'the  chin.'  Situ- 
ate under  the  chin. 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the  facial, 
near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  forwards 
along  the  attachment  of  the  mylo-hyoideus,  to 
which  it  furnishes  branches  that  cross  it  to  anas- 
tomose with  those  of  the  sublingual.  Near  the 
median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid  region. 

Submental  Vein,  which  accompanies  the  ar- 
tery, opens  into  the  labial. 

BUBMER'SION,  Submer'sio,  from  stib,  'under/ 
and  mergers,  mersum,  4to  plunge.'  The  act  of 
plunging,  or  being  entirely  plunged,  in  a  liquid. 

Asphyx'ia  by  submersion,  Drowning,  Asphyxia 
Immersa'ntm,  is  not  owing  to  a  certain  quantity 
of  liquid  being  introduced  into  the  alimentary  or 
air-passages ;  but  simply  to  the  interception  of 
air,  and  of  the  respiratory  phenomena.  It  is  a 
case  of  suffocation,  the  signs  of  which,  on  dis- 
section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial 
evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission— s.  Cordis,  Systole. 

SUBMIT' COUS,  Submuco'sus;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  mucus.  Under  a  mucous  mem- 
brane,—  as  the  'submucoue  areolar  tissue.' 

6UBMURIAS  AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY- 
RICUS,  Hydrargyrum  pracipitatum. 

SUBMUS'CULAR,  Submuscula'ris  ;  from  nib, 
'under,'  and  muscnlus,  'a  muscle.'  Seated  be- 
neath muscles  or  a  muscular  layer. 

SUBOCCIPITAL,  Suboccipital;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  occiput.  That  which  is  situated 
under  the  occiput 

Suboccipital  Nerye,  Occipital  nerve. 

SUBOR'BITAR,  Suborbita'rius,  Infra-orbitar, 
Infra-orbita'lie,  Infra-orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sous-orbi- 
taire,  from  tub,  'under,'  and  orbita,  'the  orbit' 
That  which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

Suborbitar  Artery,  Infra-orbitar,  A.,  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which  it 
separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  It  enters  the  infra-orbitar 
canal,  and  passes  through  it,  giving  branches  to 
the  anterior  and  superior  dental  canal;  issues  by 
the  foramen  infra-orbitarium ;  and  divides,  in  the 
fossa  can  in  a,  into  a  number  of  branches,  which 
lose  themselves  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  The 
infra-orbitar  vein  follows  the  same  course. 

Suborbitar  Canal,  Infra-orbitar  Canal,  (F.) 
Canal  ou  Conduit  sous-orb  Uaire,  is  a  small  canal, 
which  runs  obliquely  through  the  substance  of 
the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit  It  begins,  behind, 
by  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly,  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  descends  into  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  whilst  the 
other  passes  out,  in  the  canine  foBsa,  by  an  ori- 
fice, called  Fofamen-infra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Trou 
sotts-orbitaire.  The  infra-orbitar  artery  and  nerve 
pass  along  it 

Suborbitar  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure, 
Rima  cana' lis  orbita' rii,  Fissu'ra  infra- orbita' lit. 
A  fissure  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone ;  the  su- 
perior commencement  of  the  suborbitar  canal. 

Suborbitar  Fossa,  Canine  fossa. 

Suborbitar  Nerves,  Infra-orbitar  Nerves, 
seem  to  terminate  the  superior  maxillary.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  foramen 
of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a  radiated 
manner  in  the  fossa  can  in  a,  to  divide  into  superior 
or  palpebral  filament*,  inferior  or  labial,  internal 
\tt  nasal,  and  external  or  buccal. 

SUBPERITONEAL,  Subperitoneal'*;  from 
«**.  '  under,'  and  peritoneum.  That  which  lies 
under  the  peritoneum. 

Subperitoneal  Aponeurosis,  Fascia,  subpe- 
ritoneal—  s.  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

8UBPLACENTA,  Decidua  membrana. 


SUBPOPLIT^US,  PopUtajns  mude. 

SUBPUBIC  ARCH,  Arc**  subpu'bim.  A 
strong  arch  of  the  superior  pelvic  apottforfifis, 
which  completes  the  posterior  orifice  of  the  ob- 
turator or  subpubic  canal. 

SrB pubic  Membrane,  Obturator  membnae. 

SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  brwi 
— s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostata;. 

SUBPUTRIS,  Hyposaprus. 

SUBSCAPULAR,  Subscapular,  (P.)  S» 
scapulaire,  Sous-scapulo-trochinien,  from  ^ 
'  under,'  and  scapula, '  the  shoulder-blade,'  E* 
which  is  beneath  the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  SnlKoj^^ 
A  considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  rar&« 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  sutea?* 
laris  is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscajnda'rit  M&h 
Immer'sus,  Infra-scapula 'ris,  (F.)  &«-*"/*- 
trochinien  (Ch.),  Porte-feuille,  Muscle  wbmmp 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  above-mean  :h 
fossa.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular :  is  & 
tached,  by  its  base,  to  the  subscapuUrr  to  * 
to  the  anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  fpinec'-* 
scapula,  and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  mWr'sr 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rvtan 
inwards.  It  can  also  depress  it,  and  bring  up- 
wards the  body. 

Subscapular  Neryes  are  two  in  waVt 
One  arises  from  the  brachial  plexus  above  w 
clavicle;  the  other  from  the  posterior  as;** ■■ 
the  plexus  within  the  axilla.  They  are  dsa> 
buted  to  the  subscapulars  muscle. 

SUBSE'ROUS,  Subem'sus;  from  wft,  '«*'• 
and  serous.  Under  a  serous  membrane, — ai  b 
'subserous  areolar  tissue.' 

SUBSIDENTIA,  Sediment 

SUBSTANCE  falAILLtE  DES  DESK 
Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  s.  Horny,  see  TVta. 

SUBSTANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytobiaaw"-* 
Intercellular,  Cy  to  blastema — s.  Yitrk  da  A" 
Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Substance,  Wihte,  op  Schwass.  A  K- * 
cylinder  within  the  tubular  nervous  fibre.  »* : 
differs  in  composition  and  refracting  power  *?* 
the  matter  that  occupies  the  centre  of  the  r/* 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  DESTlH 
Enamel  —  8.  Filamentosa  dentium,  Enactl-* 
Hyalina,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Ossea  dentin*  * 
Tooth — s.  Ostoidea,  see  Tooth. 

Substantia  Perfora'ta  Me'dia.  Wheat:* 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  spK*"fc 
tween  the  crura  cerebri  termed  the  j»fe**»* 
or  interpeduncular,  the  surface  appear*  criW •jm- 
from  the  perforations  of  the  numerous  itis** 
vessels  which  penetrate  it  This  is  the  «**»•** 
perfora'ta  me'dia  of  Vicq  d'Aiyr.  " 

Substantia  Pulposa  Dextis,  Dentil  psl?-* 
Rhomboidea,  Corpus  dentatum  —  s.  Sp**4 
Urethrse,  Corpus  spongiosum  urethra*— *»  ^  ri 
dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth — s.  Vitrei,  Cte 
blastema, 

SUB'STANTIVE,  SubstantCrus;  from  «V^ 
(sub  and  stare,)  *  to  stand  under  or  subset'  & 
epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  aliment*  *•* 
are  nutritious,  in  contradistinction  to  «*•■?* 
aliments,  which  are  themselves  not  posse*^  J 
nutritive  virtues,  but  impart  to  the  dirtfd*'-  ' 
gans  greater  energy,  so  as  to  enable  the*1'1? 
tract  more  nutriment  from  the  substtati"** 
men  to.  Meat,  for  example,  is  a  «&***** 
aliment:  the  condiment,  as  mustard,  eatts *; 
it,  an  adjective  aliment 

RUBSTILLUM,  Stillicidium. 

SUBSULTIO,  Palpitation. 

SUBSUL'TUS  TEN'DINUM,  &*■»  ** 
fiuin,  Clonus  eubsultus,  Subsultus,  Carfi^i* 
spasmod'ica,  Myopal'mus,  Twitching  of  «k  '* 


SUBSURDITAS 


835 


6UDAMINA 


dons,  (P.)  Soubresaut,  from  svhsxlire,  tubeultum, 
(tub  and  satire,)  'to  make  short  leaps.'  Twitch- 
ing, communicated  to  the  tendons  by  the  invo- 
luntary and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the 
muscular  fibres.  It  is  more  observable  at  the 
wrist  than  elsewhere ;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great 
cerebral  irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs 
at  an  advanced  period  of  fever. 

The  muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  observed 
in  febrile  diseases,  especially  of  children,  have 
been  termed  ConvulsibiVitas,  Sclerotyr'bifebri'lis, 
and  Trritabil'itae  morbo'sa. 

SUBSURDITAS,  Deafness. 

SUB'UBERES,  from  §ub,  'under/  and  ubera, 
'the  breasts.1  Infan'tes  eugen'tes,  Sucking  chil- 
dren. Infants  at  the  breast,  in  contradistinction 
to  the  Exu'bere*,  axoyaXaKToi,  or  those  which  have 
been  weaned. 

SUBUN'GUIAL,  Subun'guical,  (F.)  Sous-un- 
giale,  from  sub,  'under,'  and  unguis,  'a  nail.'  Be- 
longing to  parts  under  the  nail ;  —  as  subunguial 
exostosis,  (F.)  Exostose  sous-unySale,  an  exostosis 
under  the  nail  of  the  great  toe  especially. 

SUBVBRSIO  STOMACHI,  Vomiturition. 

SUBVERTEBRA,  Sacrum. 

SUBVERTEBRUM,  Sacrum. 

SUBVOLA,  Hypothenar. 

SUC,  Succus  —  «.  de  Citron,  see  Citrus  medica 
—  •.  Gastrique,  Gastric  juice  —  •.  ^f(duUaire, 
Marrow  —  s,  du  Limon,  see  Citrus  medica. 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succus,  'juice.'  The  inspis- 
Bated  juice  of  plants ;  robs,  jellies,  Ac. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Succida'neum,  Substitu'- 
tvm,  Antiballom'enum,  Surroga'tum,  Antembal- 
lom'enum,  Quid  pro  quo,  from  »accedere%  (sub, 
and  cedere),  '  to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of 
another.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  that  may  be 
substituted  for  others  possessing  similar  pro- 
perties. 

SUCCENTURIA'TUS,  from  succenturiare  (snb, 
and  centuria),  'to  supply  a  soldier  to  fill  a  va- 
cancy j'  and  hence,  'to  substitute  or  put  in  the 
room  of.'  That  which  is  a  substitute  for  another ; 
as  Renes  succenturiati,  Yentriculus  succenturia- 
tu»,  Ac. 

SUCCHAR,  Saccharum. 

SUCCIDANEUM,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCIN,  Succinum. 

SUCCINCTURA,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINCTUS,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINI  RESINA,  Musk,  artificial. 

SUCCINIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Suc'cini,  A.  Sue 
cin'icum,  Acor  Succin' e  us,  Sal  Succini,  Sal  volat'- 
ili  Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodic 
and  diaphoretic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  twenty 
grains. 

SUCCINUM,  Elec'tmm,  Ambra,  Ambram,Am- 
par,  Bereni'ci,  Amber,  Yellow  Amber,  (F.)  Succin, 
Ambre  jaune.  This  substance,  which  is  found  on 
the  shores  of  the  Baltic,  is  composed  of  a  resinous 
matter,  of  essential  oil,  and  an  acid  tut  generic 
It  is  inodorous,  except  when  heated  or  rubbed ; 
insipid ;  in  fragments  of  a  pale  golden -yellow  co- 
lour; transparent,  and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.g. 
1.08 ;  insoluble  in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on 
by  alcohol.  It  is  used  for  affording  its  essential 
oil — the  O'leum  or  Bal'aamum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Huile 
de  Succin.  This  oil  possesses  stimulant,  antispas- 
modic, diuretic,  and  rubefacient  properties. 

The  O'leum  Suc'cini  rectified  turn,  Rectified  Oil 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows :—  Oil  of  Amber,  Oj  ; 
water,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  distil  until 
Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the  oil  into  the 
receiver;  separate  the  oil  from  the  water,  and 
keep  it  in  well-stopped  bottles. — (Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  White  amber,  Leucelec'trum,  (F.)  Ambre 
blanc,  is  a  variety. 


Succikum  CnrcBBuif,  Ambergris—*.  Grisenm, 
Ambergris. 

SUCCION,  Sucking. 

SUCCISA,  Scabiosa  suocisa— s.  Pratensis,  8. 
suecisa. 

SUCCOLATA,  Chocolate. 

SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Chi- 
ronia  angnlaris. 

&UCCUBUS,  from  sub,  and  aibare,  'to  lie.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  synonymously 
with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it  a  female 
phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his  sleep  may  be- 
lieve he  has  intercourse ;  —  as  Incubus  has  been 
applied  to  the  male  phantom,  with  which  a  female 
may  dream  she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Opos,  Opis'ma,  ChyliSma, 
Ecchylo'ma,  Apothlim'ma,  Juice,  (F.)  Sue.  The 
fluid  obtained  by  pressing  plants,  flesh,  Ac ;  suc- 
cus expres'sus.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  certain  ani- 
mal fluids,  as  S.  Gaetricus,  Ac 

Succus  Acacls  Gbruanicjb  Inspxssatus,  see 
Primus  spinosa — s.  Acacias  nostratis,  see  Prunus 
spinosa — s.  Arborum,  Sap — s.  Cioutce  spissatus, 
Extractum  conii — s.  Cyrenaicus,  Laserpitium. 

Scccus  Enter'iccs,  S.  Inteetina'lis,  lutes' tinal 
Juice.  The  fluid  secreted  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  Expressus,  Apothlimma  —  s.  Gastri- 
cus,  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Glyeyrrhizea,  Extractum 
glycyrrhizte  —  s.  Hypocistidis,  see  Cytinus  —  s. 
Intestinal  is,  Succus  entericus — s.  Japonicus,  Ca- 
techu— s„  Limon  is,  see  CitruB  medica — s.  Liqui- 
ritiae,  Extractum  glycyrrhiz»  —  8.  Nerveus,  Ner- 
vous fluid — 8.  Nutritius,  Chyle — s.  Orni  concre- 
tus,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  8.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  —  s.  Spissatus  Aconiti  Napelli,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  —  s.  Spissatus  atropse  belladonnas, 
Extractum  belladonnas  —  8.  Spissatus  conii  ma- 
culati,  Extractum  cicutae — 8.  Spissatus  hyoscy- 
ami  nigri,  Extractum  hyoscyami  —  8.  Spissatus 
lactucas  sativre,  Extractum  lactucae. 

SUCCUS'SION,  Hippocrat'ic  Succus' sxon,  Sue 
cus'sio,  from  succutio  (sub,  and  quatio),  'I  shake 
from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascertaining  the  ex* 
istence  of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax,  (fluctuation  by 
ruccussion,)  by  giving  the  body  one  or  more  slight 
shakes. 

SuccussiON,  BallottemenL 

SUCHOR,  Saccharum. 

SUCKING,  Suc'tio,  Suctus,  Athe&u,  BdaUie, 
Myze'sis,  (F.)  Succion,  from  tugere,  sue  turn,  'to 
suck/  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the  mouth, 
by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue  acting  at 
a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

Suckino  Bottle.  A  bottle  so  formed,  that, 
when  filled  with  milk,  it  can  be  sucked  from  in- 
stead of  the  breast 

Sucking  Child,  Laden*.    A  suckling. 

BUCKLE,  Lactare,  yalaKTorpofetp,  TtSr)<pvuv,(¥.) 
Allaiter  ou  Alaiter.    To  give  suck.     To  nurse. 

SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Sucking  child. 

SUCRE,  Saccharum  — ».  Candi,  Saccharum 
candidum — s.  de  Lait,  Sugar  of  milk — «.  de  So- 
turne,  Plumbi  superacctas. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking, 

SUCTION  POWER.  The  force  exerted  on 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.     See  Derivation. 

SUCTO'RIA,  from  $ugo,  'I  suck.'  Animals 
provided  with  mouths  for  sucking.  Also,  organs 
for  sucking  or  adhesion, — hence  termed  suctorial 
—  as  '  suctorial  osoula.' 

SUCTORIAL,  see  Suctoria. 

SUCTUS,  Sucking. 

SUDAM'INA,  Bydro'ata,  Hidro'ta,  Pap'ulm 
sndora'les,  Suffers  it' ra,  Alha'eef,  Plania  noc- 
tie,  Boa,  from  tudor,  'sweat'     Small  vesicles* 


SUDABIUM 


826 


6U6AB 


which  appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in  the 
rammer  time,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  dis- 
eases attended  with  much  sweating.  It  is  a  mi- 
liary eruption.    See  Miliary  fever. 

Sudaxika,  Desudatio,  Echauboulures,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

6UDARIUM,  Achicolum. 

8UDATI0N,  Hidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  Hidrosis— a.  Maligna,  see  Su- 
dor Anglicus. 

SUDATORIUM,  Achicolum. 

SUDOR,  Hid™,  (F.)  Sueur,  'sweat.'  The 
product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when  visible 
on  the  surface  of  the  body.  It  is  colourless ;  of 
an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  variable;  and  of 
a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  according  to  Ber- 
selius,  of  water,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  soda  united 
with  a  little  animal  matter,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  a  little  chloride  of  potassium,  an  atom  of 
earthy  phosphate,  and  some  oxyd  of  iron. 

Sudor,  Miliary  fever. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osos,  Hidrop'yra, 
Midropyr'etos,  Febrit  sudato'ria,  Milia'ris  suda- 
to'ria, Sudor  milia'ris,  Morbu*  sudatorius,  Ephem'- 
era  malig'na,  E.  sudatoria,  E.  Britan'nica,  Pestis 
Britannica,  Sudato'ria  maligna,  E.An'glicapes'- 
tilens,  Sweating  Sickness,  Sweating  Fever,  (F.) 
Suette,  S.  Miliare,  S.  Spidtmique,  Sueur  AnglaUe. 
A  very  severe  epidemic  disease,  characterized  by 
profuse  sweating,  which  appeared  in  England  in 
1486 ;  and  recurred,  at  different  times,  until  about 
the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  It  was  accom- 
panied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  inequality 
of  the  pulse,  Ac,  and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  24  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suette  de  Picar- 
DIK,  Suette  de*  Picards,  Filvre  suante  /  Miliaria 
sudatoria,  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province ;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which  were 
profuse  sweats  and  a  miliary  eruption.  The  dis- 
ease recurred  in  1821,  and  has  been  described,  at 
length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  considers  it  to  consist 
of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflammation  of  various 
tissues;  and  proposes  to  class  it  with  variola, 
scarlatina,  and  measles. 

Sudor  Colliquative,  S.  Profusus. 

Sudor  Cruen'tus,  S.  sanguineus,  Hamatidro'- 
#t«,  Hmmathidro'sis,  Epidro'sie  eruen'ta,  Harnor- 
rhag'Haper  Outem,  (F.)  Himatidrose,  Sueur  de 
Sang ;  Sweating  of  blood,  Bloody  sweat,  Hem'- 
orrhage  from  the  skin.  Cutaneous  perspiration 
intermixed  with  blood :  —  a  very  uncommon  af- 
fection. 

Sudor  Dulcis,  SaccAarorrhce'a  cuta'nea,  Ephi- 
dro'sis  sacchara'ta.  A  discharge  of  saccharine 
matter  by  perspiration. 

Sudor  Localis,  Meridrosis — s.  Miliaris,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Sudor  Anglicus — s.  Partialis,  Meridrosis. 

Sudor  Perfu'sus,  S.  Colliquati'vua.  A  pro- 
mise or  immoderate  sweat. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cmentus  —  s.  Uni- 
versalis, Panhidrosis. 

SUDORIFER,  Sudoriferous,  Sudorific. 

SUDORIFEROUS,  Sudor'i/er,  Hydroph'orus, 
from  sudor,  '  sweat,'  and  fero,  *  I  carry.'  That 
which  carries  sweaty  as  the  sudori/erous  ducts  or 
gland  p. 

SUDORIF'IC,  Sudvrif'icwn,  Sudor'i/er,  Ei- 
drot'icum,  Hydrote'rinm,  Hydrotopce'um,  Hidro- 
poet'icum,  from  sudor,  'sweat,'  and  /ado,  'I 
make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 

Four  Sudorific  Woods,  Quat'uor  ligna  sudo- 
fr\fiea,  were,  formerly,  guaiacum,  per/umed  cherry, 
9arsaparilla,  and  sassafras. 

SUDORIPAROUS,  see  Perspiration. 


SUDORIS  NULLITAS,  Anita*! -t.rfr 
vatio,  Anidrosis — a.  Snppressio,  IeduMrusii 

SUET,  Sevnm. 

SUETTE,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  *.  E^'nt 
Sudor  Anglicus  —  s.  Miliaire,  Sudor  Ant  a- 
«.  de  Pieardie,  Sudor  picardicat— «.  du  r  :«-* 
Sudor  picardicus. 

SUEUR,  Sudor—*  Anglaise,  Sador  Atr>s 
—  s.  a? Expression,  Expression,  sweat  of- 1* 
Sang,  Diapedesis,  Sudor  cruentus, 

SUFFERSUR.E,  Sudamina. 

SUFFIMEX,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFIMENT'UM,  Hypocajmi/mo.  $</** 
Thymi'ama,  Sujji'tus,  Suffitm'ga'tio,  £«/".»• 
tion,  (F.)  Par/um.  A  perfume  j  suffiom#;:a> 
gation. 

SUFFITIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFITUS,  Fumigation,  Saffimectan. 

6UFFLATI0,  Puffiness. 

SUFFOCATIO,  Suffocation,  Ortfcofe**-i 
Hypochondriacal  Hypochondriasis— «.  flj*' * 
Angone  —  s.  Stridula,  Cynanche  trachea^-* 
Uterina,  Angone. 

SUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tio,  Pr*f<"'< 
Apopnix'is,  Asphyx'ia,  Afclana'ma,  fri>c  *- 
'  under,'  and  /ocus,  *  a  fire-place/  Deaib.  ' 
suspended  animation  from  impeded  rfeiLnn- 
whether  caused  by  the  inhalation  ofnori»*',  '• 
drowning,  hanging,  strangling,  orsmotktnu.  *•' 
principal  morbid  appearances  in  such  can--> 
— the  lungs  of  a  deep-blue  colour,  with  t*  ,J 
extravasated  in  the  air-cells ;  right  sup...  z* 
ventricle  filled  with  dark  blood,  as  wtli  ,:' 
neighbouring  veins;  lividity  of  the  counts  - 
turgescence,  and,  perhaps,  rupture  of  the  itw 
of  the  brain. 

Treatment  o/ suspended  animation  &p»/'^  ' 
in  general.  The  patient  must  be  convey*" 
a  room  not  too  warm.  Blood-letting  ■*?-  (1 
used,  if  at  all,  with  caution j  —  friction  e--i  ' 
employed  with  salt,  or  warm  flannels ;  &bk  :-> 
fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  be  poured  into  tbr  r* 
mach  by  means  of  a  tube,  and  attempt*  k  &* 
to  inflate  the  lungs.     Laryngotomy,  if  m**"? 

Suffocation,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)iW'V 
is  used  for  threatened  suffocation, « •""'•^ 
is.  It  mean 8  the  state  of  dyspncea  and  iHJ*p 
sion  experienced  when  a  sufficient  qnactitj"'1-' 
does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  U>«  d**** 
phenomena  of  respiration  are  unperfeetlj* 
cuted ;  as  in  cases  of  asthma, 

SUFFOCATION  UTERINE,  Hysta* 

SUFFRAGO,  Poples. 

SUFFUMIGATION,  Suffimentam. 

SUFFUMIGE.  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUMIGIUM,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUMINATIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia-s.  Aar^* 
Icterus— s.  Bilis,  Icterus— a,  Colorsmtt^ 
sia — s.  Dimidians,  Hemiopia— s.  Exdtrw*-^" 
opia  —  s.  Fellis,  Icterus  —  s.  Leans  crys*-^ 
Cataract — s.  Metamorphosis,  Metamorj&r*** 
8.  Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia — a.  Jlyodea  V* 
morphopsia — s.  Nigra,  AiLanroris— *•  ^*_v. 
taract,  Pseudoblepsia — s.  Oculonua,  31^. 
phopsia  — s.  Radiant,  Scotasma— s-S*8*6^ 
Ecchymoma. 

SUGAR,  Saccharum  —  s.  Barley,  P*1**' 
s.  Candy,  Saccharum   candidum—  «•  ^f 
Saccharum— s.  Diabetic,  Glucose—*.  FjJ^  \ 
coee  —  8.  Grape,  Glucose  —  a.  Honey,  til** 
s.  of  Lead,  Plumbi  superacetas.        %        . 

Sugar  of  Milk,  Saccharum  laenX  f*'  \ 
sae'eharum,  Lacttne,  (F.)  Sucre  «V  U* •  ^ 
tained  from  whey  by  evaporation  ^^.^ 
tation.    It  possesses  the  demulcent  propel 
the  sugars. 


SUGABBBBRY 


827 


SULPHURIC 


Sugar,  Pihh,  see  Arrowroot— 0.  Starch,  Glu- 
cose. 

Sugars,  Various,  see  Sacoharum. 

SUGARBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

SUGGILLA'TION,  Sugilla'tio,  Livor,  Sugtlla* 
lion,  CEde'ma  omentum;  a  bruise;  from  *ugillare, 
'to  give  a  black  eye.'  By  most  authors  used 
synonymously  with  ecchymosis  and  eochymoma. 
It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  spots,  or  eccbymoses 
which  occur  in  consequence  of  intrinsic  causes, — 
in  disease  and  in  incipient  putrefaction.  It  is 
common  in  dead  bodies.  To  this  last  case  it  is, 
indeed,  restricted  by  some  medico-legal  writers ; 
and  an  interesting  question  sometimes  arises : — 
Whether  the  appearance  have  been  induced  be- 
fore death  or  afterwards  ?  Whether  it  be  a  case 
of  ecchytnoii*  or  of  *uggillation  ?  In  the  former, 
the  extravasated  blood  will  usually  be  coagulated; 
sot  so  in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  diffi- 
cult to  form  a  correct  judgment  without  reference 
to  the  history  of  the  case. 

SUGGRUN'DIUM,  perhaps  from  9uggredi, 
1  to  go  under.'    The  cave  of  a  house. 

Suggrundium  Oculi,  Superciliary  arch — s. 
Superciliorum,  Frontal  protuberance, 

SUICIDA,  Autochir. 

SUICIDAL  INSANITY,  Suicide. 

SU'ICIDE,  Sulci' dium:  from  *wt  cade;  'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Autovhi'ria,  Autocton'ia,  Idiocton'ia,Autophoneia. 
Snicide  is  very  frequently  the  result  of  disease 
of  the  mind ;  the  individual  seeming,  at  times,  to 
be  irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction. — J/ie- 
lancho'lia  Suicid'ium,  If.  autochi'ria,  Suici'dal 
Insanity.    Also,  one  who  commits  self-murder. 

SUIE,  Fuligo. 

SUIF,  Sovuin. 

Sl'lTES  DE  COUCHES,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  CanneU,  Grooved. 

SULGULUS  LABU  SUPERIORIS,  Lacuna 
Labii  superioris. 

SULCUS,  Semicana'li*,  SemicanaJic'ulu*.  A 
furrow.  A  groove.  (P.)  Sillon.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  grooves  on  the  surface 
of  bones  and  other  organs. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the  term 
Silloim  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  the  arteries 
and  creep  on  the  surface  of  bones ;  whilst  those 
that  receive  veins  are  called  gouttQres,  '  gutters.' 
Also,  the  vulva. 

Sulcus  Antero-posterior  Jecorib,  see  Liver 
— s.  Labii  superioris,  Lacuna  Labii  superioris. 

Sulcus,  Lateral,  ahte'rior,  or  the  Spinal 
Marrow.  A  mere  trace  on  the  marrow,  marked 
only  by  the  attachment  of  the  filaments  of  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus,  Lateral,  posterior,  of  the  Spinal 
Marrow,  corresponds  with  the  attachment  of  the 
posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus  Trans  vers alis,  see  Liver — a.  Umbi- 
licali-s  see  Liver. 

SULFATE  PAMMONIAQUE,  Ammonia 
sulphas. 

SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis  snlphure- 
turn. 

SULFUR,  Sulphur. 

SULFURE  DE  CARBON,  Carbonis  anlphu- 
retum. 

SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS,  Alumen— s.  Am- 
moniacao  Cupratus,  Cuprum  ammoniatum  —  s. 
CadmicuB,  Cadmii  Sulphas  —  s.  Kalico-alumini- 
cum,  Alumen — s.  Natricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of— s. 
Zineicum,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Sulfur,  Scorith,  Thei'on,  Thion, 
Averted  Terra  folia' t<t,  Fumu*  cit'rinu*,  Aq'uila, 
Brimstone,  (F.)  Sou/re.  The  Native  Sulphur  is 
called  Bock  Sulphur,  Sulphur  trivum,  Ac.  Sul- 
phur, as  wo  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolU,  Sulphur  in 


rot'ulis,  S,  rotun'dum,  Roll  Brimstone.  It  is  a 
volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in  large 
quantities,  from  Solfatara,  in  Italy.  Roll  Sulphur 
is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into  moulds. 
It  is  unpleasantly  odorous,  when  heated  or  rub- 
bed; insipid;  solid,  and  brittle.  S.  g.  1.99. 
Fusible  at  226° ;  volatiluable  by  heat,  and  con- 
densing unchanged. 

Sulphur  Antihoniatum,  Antimonii  sulphure- 
turn  procipitatum — s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum — s.  Chloratum,  Sulphur,  Chloride  of. 

Sulphur,  Chloride  of,  Sul'phuri*  Chlo'ridum, 
Sul'phuri*  Dichlo'ridum,  Dichlo'ride  of  Sulphur, 
Protochlo'ride  of  Sulphur f  Hypochlo'ride  of  Sul- 
phur,  Subchlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  ehlora*- 
tum,  Hypochlore'tum  sulphuro'sum,  Bisulph'urct 
of  Chlorine,  Chlorum  hypersulphura'tum,  is  ob- 
tained by  passing  dry  chlorine  gas  over  washed 
and  dried  flower*  of  sulphur,  until  they  are  for 
the  most  part  dissolved,  and  distilling  the  de- 
canted fluid  from  the  excess  of  dissolved  sulphur. 
One  drachm  of  the  liquid  to  an  ounce  of  lard  has 
been  used  in  lepra,  psoriasis,  and  other  chronio 
cutaneous  diseases.  Ten  drops,  dissolved  in 
ether,  have  been  given  in  adynamic  fever. 

Sulphur,  Dichloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride 
of— s.  Hypochloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of — 8. 
Iodatum,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — a.  Ioduret  of,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
—  s.  Liver  of,  Potassm  sulphuretum. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  Sulphur  sublima'tum  lotum, 
Washed  Sulphur,  Magiste' rium  Sulph'uris,  Sul- 
phuric Flore*  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  drying  it 

Sulphur  PrjECIpit a'tu*,  Lac  Sulph'uri*,  Milk 
of  Sulphur,  Precip'itated  Sulphur,  (F.)  Crime  de 
Soufre,  is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed  sulphur 
and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic  acid  to 
precipitate  the  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Protochloridr  of,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of — s.  Subohloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  of  Sulphur,  (F.) 
Soufre  tublimS,  Fleur*  de  Sou/re,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  laxative, 
and  diaphoretio  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In  the 
itch,  applied  externally  and  taken  internally,  it 
has  been  considered  as  a  specific  (?),  and  it  is  a 
valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  affections  that 
are  local.    Dose,  £s8  to  £ij. 

The  faeces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim* 
•tone,  Dreg*  oj  Sulphur  vivum,  Sulphur  cabalW- 
num,  S.  vivum,  Sulphuri*  vivi  recremen'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  only  used  externally. 

Sulphur,  Vegetable,  Lycopodium — s.  Wort, 
Peucedanum. 

SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous,  Sulphurated. 

SULPHU'REOUS,  Sulphuro'*u»,  Sulphu'Hu*, 
Sulphura'tut,  Sulph'uretted.  Possessing  the  pro- 
perties of,  or  relating  to,  or  containing  sulphur. 

SULPHURETTED,  Sulphureous  —  s.  Hydro- 
gen, Bee  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

SULPHURETUM  AMMONIAC.fi,  Ammonias 
sulphuretum — s.  Ammonia  hy  drogenatum,Liquor 
fumans  Boylii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassm  sulphuretum 
— s.  Lixivise,  PotasssB  sulphuretum. 

SULPH'URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'ricum 
vel  Sulfuricum,  Oleum  Vitrio'U,  Spir'itu*  Vitri- 
oli,  S.v.forti*,Acidlttn  vitriol' icum,  Oil  of  Vitriol, 
Spirit  of  Vitriol,  Vitriol'ic  Acid,  Acidum  Vitrioli 
acphlogistica'tum,  Aeor  Sulphuri*,  (F.)  Acid* 
Sulphurique  ou  Sulfurique.  Sulphuric  acid  is 
inodorous;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  Is  corro- 
sive.    S.  g.  1.845  (Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  escharotic, 


SULPHURIS 


828 


SUPERFCECUNDATIO 


Stimulant,  and  rubefacient  Mixed  with  lard,  it  is 
sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Aromat'ic,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'- 
ricum  Aromat'icum,  A.  vitriol' icum  aromat'icum, 
A,  vitrioUcum  alcoho'li  aromaticum,  Elixir  vitri- 
o'li, E.  v.  aromaticum,  E.  vitrioli  Mynsich'ti,  E. 
vitrioli  Edinburgen'sium,  E.  vitrioli  cum  tinctu'rd 
aromaticd,  E.  vitrioli  dulci  sea  acido-aromat'i- 
cum,  Alcohol  cum  aromafibus  sulphurica'tus, 
Tinctu'ra  acidi  sulphuric*,  is  formed  of  sulphuric 
acid,  fjiijss  ;  ginger,  bruised,  ^j ;  cinnamon, 
bruised,  Jiss ;  Alcohol,  Oij.  —  Ph.  U.  S.  Dose, 
gtt  x  to  xxx. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Dilu'ted,  Ac"idum  Sulphu' - 
ricum  Dilu'tum,  Acidum  vitrioVicum  dilutum, 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Elixir  vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  vitri- 
o'li  ac"idu*  Vogle'ri,  (P.)  Acide  sulfurique  aV- 
layf,  is  formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States,  by  adding  aq.  destillat. 
f^xij,  to  acid,  sulph.  f£j.  It  is  tonic,  astringent, 
and  refrigerant  Dose,  gtt  x  to  xx,  largely  di- 
luted. When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm 
may  be  added  to  5vj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly  termed 
Phlegma  vitrioli. 

SULPHURIS  CHLORIDUM,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of— s.  Dichloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulph'uris  Io'didum,  S.  lodure'tum,  Sulphur 
Ioda'tum,  loduret  or  I'odide  of  Sulphur,  (F.)  Son- 
fre  Ioduri,  Iodure  de  Sou/re.  It  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
U.  S.  (fodin.  §iv ;  sulphur,  gj.)  Rub  the  iodine 
and  sulphur  together  in  a  glass,  porcelain,  or 
marble  mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed, 
Put  the  mixture  into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice 
loosely,  and  apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken 
the  mass  without  melting  it  When  the  colour 
has  become  uniformly  dark  throughout,  increase 
the  heat  so  as  to  molt  the  iodide ;  then  incline 
the  matracs  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel :  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodido  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SULPHURIUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROSUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous. 

SuL'pnuROUS  Acid,  Ac'idum  sulphuros'icum, 
A.  sulph'uris  volat'ill,  A.  Sulphur o' sum  vel  Sul- 
fur osum,  Spir'itus  sulphuris,  Spiritus  sulphuro'- 
sus  volat'tVs,  Sp.  sulphuris  per  campa'nam,  Sp. 
vitrio'li  phlogistica'tus,  Gas  sulphuris,  (F.)  Acide 
Sul/ureux,  Air  Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained  by 
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.  It  is  sometimes 
used  in  the  gaseous, — at  others,  in  the  liquid 
state.  Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to  disinfect 
cloths,  confined  air,  letters  ooming  from  infected 
places,  Ac.  It  is  also  exhibited,  with  great  suc- 
cess, in  the  form  of  fumigation,  in  the  treatment 
of  certain  chronio  cutaneoous  affections,  and  of 
sciatic  and  rheumatic  pains  in  general.  If  re- 
spired pure,  it  acts  in  the  manner  of  violent  irri- 
tants ;  and  is  not  long  in  producing  death. 

6ULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sultzmalt  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Rhine ;  where  are  several  sources  of  cold, 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  carbonic 
acid,  eubcarbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen.  They  are 
refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

SUMAC  I)ES  CORROYEURS,  Rhus  coria- 
ria— *.  Vfnineux,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

SUMACH,  Rhus  coriaria. 

8UMBUL.  The  name  of  a  root,  Sum'buli  ra- 
dix, Jatamansi,  Musk-root,  presumed  to  belong 


to  the  Umbelliferae  family,  much  emptorf  a 
Russia  and  Germany  against  cholera.  Ii«  vzm 
botanical  history  is  not  determined.  It f-:'ri 
a  strongly  odorous  principle  like  tint  of  x.4; 
and  is  regarded  as  an  antispasmodic 

SUMBULI  RADIX,  Sumbulroot 

SUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  Apopohrna 
in  the  United  States,  for  diarriMeaoefan::-! 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  iocii  v- 
sentery  and  cholera  infantum.  With  .'«&•'  i 
means  cholera  infantum  only. 

Summer  Diseases,  see  Estival—LEafb,  li- 
chen tropicus. 

SUMMITAS  CUTIS,  Epidermis. 

SUMMUS  HUMERUS,  Acromion. 

SUNBURN,  Ephelides— s.  Dew,  Drwn^ 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false,  Heleniom  tour*' 
— 'S.  Flower,  swamp,  Heleniom  Mtomsi--* 
Flower,  tickweed,  Coreopsis  trichwpTs*-1 
Flower,  turpentine,  Silphium  perftac-* 
Pain,  see  Hemicrania  —  a.  Rash,  Lit.---4 
Stroke,  Coup  de  Soleil  —  s.  Egyptian,  1 7  > 
Soleil. 

SUPELLECTILE  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

SUPELLEX  ANATOMICA,  Museum  **" 
micum — s.  Diogenis,  Palm. 

SUPER.  A  common  Latin  prefix ;  in  rc> 
sition,  signifying  '  above.* 

SUPERBUS,  Rectus  superior  oentt. 

SUPERCHLORIDUM  FOBMILITI 
Chloroform. 

SUPERCILIARIS,  Corrugator  mperrf  - 

SUPERCIL'IARY,  Supercilia,ri*,tr^'" 
'above,'  and  cilium,  'the  edge  of  th<  •.*  * 
That  which  relates  to  the  supercili*  or  ej-  '> 
(F.)  Sourcilier  ou  Surcilier. 

Superciliary  Arches,  Superciliary  /■'  • 
Arcus  svpercilia'res,  Suggrvn'dia  oe«l>'r'-- 
Arcades  sourcililres,  are  two  slightly  K 
apophyses,  situate  at  the  anterior  «rf*r    •' 
os  froDtis,  above  the  superior  margic  <•:  *- ' 
bits.     They  are  separated  by  the  natal  '•-•• 
covered  by  the  superciliaris  mnsele,  o  »-  * 
they  give  attachment 

Superciliary  Ridces,  Superefliarr  v*M- 

SUPERCIL'IUM,    Ophrys,   Opk'r^.  '     % 
(F.)  Sourcil.    Same  etymon.    Tneeyebr'-| 
two  arched  eminences, — convex  above,  a?- : 
or  less  prominent,  according  to  the  todi*:-^  ' 
which  lie  on  the  superciliary  arch  of  the " " 
tis,  above  the  eyelids,  and  extend  fron  ti  • 
of  the  root  of  the  nose  to  the  temple.  Tt  -* 
ner  extremity  or  head  is  more  piwsintf' 
the  outer  or  fai7.    The  eyebrowi  arc  t  \  *■ 
with  short  and  stiff  hairs,  which  are  dirt'U  -  ' 
liquely,  from  within   outwards,  and  «*.    • 
monly,  of  the  colour  of  the  hair.    The  ^  * 
which  these  hairs  are  implanted,  rests  oa  1" 
bicularis  palpebrarum,  frontalis,  and  **}''  tm 
n#  muscles,  which  move  the  eyebrow*  ii  ^ 
ent  directions.    The  eyebrows  serre  a.**-  '* 
ment  to  the  countenance;  and  byc«*:  -^  . 
eye  defend  it  from  the  impression  of  u«  •"  * 
a  light    They  direct  the  perspiration  ***  :~ 
the  eye. 

SUPKRCTLIUM   ACETAB'ULI.     Ttt«  «fe*  * 

cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatam. 
SUPERCONCEPTION,  see  Snperfff^* 
SUPEREVACUATIO,  Hypcrcriais. 
SUPERFECUNDATION.seeSoperfr'   ■ 

SUPERFICIA'LIS   COLLI  W    . 
Colli.      A    nerve     formed    by   eomiac:  • 
branches  from  the  second  and  third 
nerves.    It  is  distributed  to  the  wiperfc*  >• 
of  the  neck.  „,_.  - 

SUPERFICIES  PLANTARIS  PED^  'J 
8UPERF<ECUNDATI0,  SuperfetoUt* 


STJPERFCETATIO 


829 


6UPRA-PTJBIAN 


SUPERF03TATIO,  Superfcetation. 

SUPERFCETA'TION,  Super/ceta'tio,  Epicye'- 
ris,  Hypercye'sis,  Superitnpragna'tio,  Epig'oni, 
Snperfa-cunda  'tio,  Superfecunda' tion,  Superim- 
nregna'tion,  from  super,  '  upon/  and  fcetare,  '  to 
bring  forth  young/  Conception  of  a  foetus — epi- 
eye'ma — in  a  uterus  which  already  contains  one. 
The  impregnation  of  a  female  already  pregnant 
The  possibility  of  this  has  been  denied;  but  there 
is  abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible 
at  a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy.  Twin  cases 
may  be  of  this  kind  of  superconceplion. 

SUPERGEMINALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALIS,  Patella. 

SUPERHUMERALE,  Epomis. 

SUPERIMPR^GNATIO,  Superfostation. 

6UPERI0R  AURIS,  Attollens  aurem— s.  Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  Ischio-cavernous. 

8UPERLABIA,  Clitoris. 

SUPERLIGAMEN,  Epidesmus. 

SUPERLIGULA,  Epiglottis. 

SUPERNUTRITIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncns— «. 
Splonis,  Splenoncus. 

SUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxa- 
late of. 

SUPERPURGATIO,  Hypereatharsis. 

SUPERSCAPULARIS,  Supraspinatus— s.  La- 
ferior,  Infra-spinatus. 

SUP1NATEUR  COURT  on  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator radii  brevis  —  «.  Grand  on  long,  Supinator 
.  radii  longus. 

SUPINATION,  Supina'tio,  from  supinus,  'ly- 
ing on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which  the 
forearm  and  hand  are  carried  outwards,  so  that 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  latter  becomes  superior. 

In  Pathology,  Supination,  Supinatio,  Hyptias'- 
ma,  Hyptias'mus,  means  the  horizontal  position 
on  the  back,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and  the 
legs  and  arms  extended.  It  is  often  a  sign  of 
great  weakness  in  disease. 

SUPINA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
produces  supination.  A  naxno  given  to  two  mus- 
cles of  tlio  forearm. 

Supinator  Brevis  sen  Minor,  Supinator  radii 
brevis  —  s.  Longus  sou  major,  Supinator  radii 
longus. 

Supinator  Radii  Breyts,  S.  brevis  sou  minor, 
(F.)  l£picondylo-radial  (Ch.),  Supinateur  court 
ou  petit  supinateur.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the 
outer  and  back  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat- 
tened, triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in  such 
a  manner  that  it  embraces  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  radius.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  to 
a  small  portion  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
ulna,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper  third  of  the 
outer  and  upper  surfaces  of  the  radius.  It  pro- 
duces, by  contracting,  the  motion  of  supina- 
tion. 

Supinator  Radii  Longus,  S.  longus  sive  maior, 
Bra'chio-radia'lis,  (F.)  Humtro-sus-radial  (dh.), 
Long  ou  grand  supinateur,  is  seated  at  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  from  the  external  intermuscular 
aponeurosis ;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long  tendon, 
into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the  base 
of  the  styloid  process.  It  causes  the  supination 
of  the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise  bend  on  the 
arm. 

SUPPEDANEA,  Hypopodia. 

SUPPLANTALIA,  Hypopodia. 

SUPPLEMENTA  EPIPLOIOA,  Epiploic  ap- 
pendages. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

SUPPORTER,  ABDOMINAL,  Belt,  Russian 
— s.  Utcro-Abdominal,  tee  Belt,  Russian. 


SUPPOSITION  DE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. 

SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository  — s.  Uteri* 
num,  Pessary. 

SUPPOS'ITORY,  Supporito'rium,  Uypoth'- 
eton,  Bacil'lus,  Balanis'mus,  Bal'anus,  Giant, 
from  supponere,  (sub,  and  ponerc,  *  to  put,')  '  to 
put  under.'  Any  solid  medicine,  in  the  form  of  a 
cone  or  cylinder,  intended  to  be  introduced  into 
the  rectum ; — either  for  the  purpose  of  favouring 
intestinal  evacuations,  or  to  act  as  an  anodyne. 
Purgative  suppositories  are  made  of  soap,  aloes* 
or  any  other  irritating  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  ALVI,  Constipation  —  s.  Lo- 
chiorum,  Ischolochia — s.  Lotii,  Ischuria — s.  Men- 
sium,  Amenorrhea  —  s.  Menstruationis,  Amen- 
orrhoea — s.  Sudoris,  Ischidrosis. 

SUPPRESSION  DU  FLUX  MENSTRU- 
EL,  Amenorrhea — *.  de  Part,  see  Parturition — 
9.  <P  Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 

SUPPURA'TION,  Suppura'tio,  Ecpye'ma,  P«- 
rulen'tia,  Pyo'sis,  Pyt'sis,  Diapye'ma,  Diapye'- 
sis,  Pyogen'ia  simplex,  Pu'ndence,  Pu'rulency, 
(F.)  AboutissemenU  Formation  or  secretion  of 
pus,  (see,  also  Pyogenia,)  from  sub,  'under/  and 
pus.  It  is  a  frequent  termination  of  inflamma- 
tion, and  may  occur  in  almost  any  of  the  tissues. 
This  termination  is  announced  by  slight  chill*, 
by  remission  of  the  pain,  which,  from  being  lan- 
cinating, becomes  heavy ;  by  a  sense  of  weight 
in  the  part,  and,  when  the  collection  of  pus 
can  be  easily  felt,  by  fluctuation.  When  pus  is 
thus  formed  in  the  areolar  membrane,  and  is  col- 
lected in  one  or  more  cavities,  it  constitutes  an 
abscess.  If  it  be  formed  from  a  surface  exposed 
to  the  air,  it  is  an  ulcer :  and  such  ulcers  we  are 
in  the  habit  of  establishing  artificially  in  certain 
cases  of  disease. 

SUP'PURATIYE,  Suppu'rans,  Suppurati'vus, 
Diapye'ticue,  Ecpyo'ticus,  Ecpyiscon' tus.  That 
which  facilitates  suppuration.  Suppuratives  are, 
generally,  vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 

SUPRA.  A  common  Latin  prefix :  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  '  above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa' rum, 
(F.)  Sur-costaux,  from  supra,  'above,'  and  eotta, 
'  a  rib.'  A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshy 
fasciculi,  which  are  flattened,  triangular,  and  with 
radiating  fibres.  They  pass  from  tho  transverse 
processes  of  the  dorsal  vertebrae  to  the  superior 
margin  of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelius,  Cowper, 
Boyer,  Chaussier,  and  others  consider  them  to 
form  part  of  the  intercostales  externi. 

SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somatody- 
mia — s.  et  Infra-omphalodymia,  see  Somatody- 
mia. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Supra-orbita'lU,  Supra- 
orbita' rius,  (F.)  Sus-orbitaire, from  supra,  'above,* 
and  orbita,  'the  orbit'  That  which  is  situate 
above  the  orbit. 

Supra-Or'bitar  Fora'men,  Fora'men  Supra* 
orbita' rium,  F,  orbitarium  supe'rius,  (F.)  Trou 
sus-orbitaire  ou  orbitaire  supirieur,  is  a  foramen 
or  notch  completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner 
third  of  the  orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to  the 
supra-orbitar  or  superciliary  artery,  a  branch  of 
the  ophthalmic,  which  ascends  the  forehead,  and 
is  distributed  thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Supra-pubic,  Supra-pm- 
bia'nus,  from  supra,  and  pubes.  That  which  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

Supra-Pubian  Nervx,  (F.)  Nerf  sus-pubien, 
is  the  internal  ramus  of  the  inguino-cutaneous 
branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  the  genito- 
crural  branch  of  Bichat.  It  descends  almost  ver- 
tically before  the  psoas  muscle ;  and,  near  the 
crural  arch,  divider  into  two  branches.    One  of 


SUPRA-RENAL 


830 


SUS-CARP1BN 


these  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord,  and  is 
distributed  to  the  cremaster,  scrotum,  and  inte- 
guments on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  The 
other  issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  femoral  fila- 
ments; traverses  the  aponeurosis  of  the  thigh, 
and  is  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  limb. 

SUPRA-RE'NAL,  Supra-rena'lis,  (F.)  SurrS- 
nal,  from  supra,  'above/  and  ren,  'the  kidney.' 
6eated  above  the  kidney — as  the  supra-renal  cap- 
sule. 

SUPRA-SCAPULAR;  Supra-scapula'ris',  from 
supra,  'above/  and  scapula.  Seated  above  the 
scapula ;  —  as 

Supra-scapular  Nerve.  This  arises  from 
the  fifth  cervical;  passes  through  the  supra-sca- 
pular notch,  and  is  distributed  to  the  supra-spi- 
natus  and  infra-spinatus  muscles. 

SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-soapular,  and 
Supraspinal  muscle. 

SUPRA-SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis 
oris. 

SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spino'sus,  (F.) 
Snr-fpinetur,  Sus-fpineux,  from  supra,  and  spina. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  spine. 

Supra-spinata  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sue-tpineuse, 
is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

Supra-Sptnattjs  Muscle,  Super-scapula'ris, 
Supra-scapularis,  (F.)  Sua-spino-scapulo-tro- 
chitirien,  Petit  sus-scapulo-trochitirien  (Ch.),  is 
situate  in  the  fossa  supra-spinata.  It  is  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  triangular,  and  is  attached,  on 
the  one  hand,  to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  fossa 
supra-spinata ;  and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.    This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

Supra-Spino'sa  Ligambn'ta,  Supra- spinal 
lig'aments,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The  Dorso- 
lumbo-supra-spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Ligament  sur- 
(pineux  dorso-lombaire,  extending  above  the  spi- 
nous processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  vertebras 
from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the  median  crista 
of  the  sacrum.  2.  Cervicalsupra-*pinal  ligament, 
(F.)  Ligament-sur-ipineux  cervical,  which  ex- 
tends above  all  the  cervical  spinous  processes, 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. 

SUR,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'above.' 

SURA,  Gastrocne'mi,  Gastrocne'mia,  Gastroc- 
ne'mium;  calf  of  the  leg,  (F.)  Mollet,  Gras  ds 
Jambe.  The  projection,  formed  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  leg  by  the  gastroonemii  musolos. 
Also,  the  fibula. 

SUB  OILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Suporci- 
liary. 

SUROOSTAUX,  Supracostales. 

SURCULI  FELLEI,  Pori  biliarii. 

SURCULUS,  Ramusoulus. 

SURDENT  (F.),  supra,  'above/  tod  dens,  'a 
tooth.'  When  a  milk-tooth  does  not  fall  out  at 
the  period  of  the  second  dentition,  but  is  merely 
*broed  to  one  side  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  called  a 
surdent. 

SURDITAS,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SURDITll,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SCJRDOMUTITAS,  Deaf-dumbness. 

SUREAU  COMMUN,  Sambucus. 

BURELLE,  Oralis  acetosella. 

SUR&PTNEUX,  Supra-spinatus. 

SUR-EXCITATION,  see  Excitement,  and  Su- 
per-excitation. 

SURFEIT,  Colioa  crapulosa. 

SURGEON, phirur'geon;  old  French,  Surm'en, 
Chiro'nar,  Chirur'gus,  Vul'nerum  med'icus,  Ohm- 
ria'ter,  Ohiria'ter,  iUtrus,  ( F.)  Chirurgien,  from 
W,  *  the  hand/  and  cpyov, '  work.'  One  who  prac- 


tises surgery.  The  surgeon,  says  Cehnu,  oeffet 
to  be  young,  or,  at  all  events,  not  adraoted  a 
life.  His  hand  must  be  steady,  expert,  and  e:t? 
tremulous :  he  must  use  the  right  or  left  tsi 
equal  facility :  his  sight  must  be  clear  and  \<t- 
trating:  his  mind  intrepid;  and  aluVe^  =• 
moved  when  he  proceeds  to  operate,  he  du>!  i< 
be  in  haste,  nor  cut  less  than  is  nece&t?.  hr 
finish  his  operation,  as  if  the  cries  of  the  psil=s 
made  no  impression  upon  him. 

In  the  middle  ages,  the  Universities  cf  l'±) 
and  Spain  sent  out  educated  surgeons,  a?  *  u 
physicians,  under  the  name  chirurm-fiyt^. 

SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY.  Onewbr^ 
the  practice  of  surgery  with  that  of  the  *?-~- 
cary.     A  general  practitioner. 

SURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist 

SUR'GEONCY.     The  office  of  a  mrjr^s. 

SUR'GERY,  Chirur*gia,  Ckiriatr?a,(T*^  + 
Ghi'risi*,  Chirix'is,  Chiris'mus,  Melad*-* , 
Metachi'risis,  Metachiris'mus,  Trncta'tio  s"*v- 
ria,  Medici' na  operati'va,  Medici1  na  tfp*$r.  1 
Chirurgie.  Tho  part  of  the  healing  art  tl: 
relates  to  external  diseases;  their  treats': 
and,  especially,  to  the  manual  operation*  ta&'. 
for  their  cure.    Also,  tho  office  of  a  snrrwa. 

Surgvry,  Anaplastic,  Morioplastie*-*-^ 
toplastio,  Morioplastioe  —  s.  Dental,  D*Bt«ir. 

Surgery,  Mil'itary,  (F.)  Chir*rgit*> '•■  i 
is  that  which  relates  to  the  operations  to  In- 
formed on  the  field  of  battle,  or  rabseqoestT:- 
with  the  attention  to  be  paid  to  the  wonrsifU:. 

Surgkry,  Op'bratiye,  is  termed  Aw-* 
Acur'gia,  and  Aeidur'gia,  (F.)  MtdeaMt  tp* 
toirc. 

Surorrt,  Plastic,  Morioplastiee. 

SUR'GICAL,  Ckirwr'gieus,  (F.)  Chimf* 
Chirurgique.  That  which  relates  to  nigeri  * 
surgical  anatomy,  surgical  operations,  m*f 
instruments,  Ac. 

SURGIEN,  Surgeon. 

SURIN AMINE,  see  Geoffraa  SnrmamB» 

SUR-IRRITATION,  see  Irritation. 

SUROXYQjfSNMSES.  A  name  pat  *? 
Banmes  to  diseases  attributed  by  him  to  *F' 
abundance  of  oxygen. 

SURPEAU,  Epidermis. 

SURRECTA  ALBA,  Ranunculus  finest 

SUR-REKAL,  Supra-renaL 

SURROGATUM,  Succedaneum. 

SURSELS,  see  Salt. 
,   SUR  TO  UTS  LIGAMENTEUX  J)B  Li  Tv 
LONNE  VERT£BRALB,VerUte*KpB& 

SUR  UMPE  (S. )  A  disease  to  whkb  vx  * 
veller  in  the  Cordilleras  is  liable.  It  co»^ 
a  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  caos-i  *'* 
reflection  of  the  bright  rays  of  the  ran.  ft  '* 
become  highly  inflamed,  and  the  Has  iw'l  -lj 
bleed.  The  pain  is  intense,  and  freqw-J2 
daces  delirium.  —  Tschudi. 

SURVIE,  Survivorship. 

SURVI'VORSHIP,  (F.)  Snrvie,  firea  -T; 
vivere,  (super,  and  virere,)  (F.)  «rn'c«,  '•  •  ■ 
longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  a:**'  ] 
probability  that  any  individual  has  «^* 
others  in  an  accident,  which  has  been  h*-' 
This  is  often  an  important  question,  eos" 
with  the  inheritance  of  property,  and  «  ■-; 
physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than  pa** 
tive  grounds  for  conclusion. 

SUS,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  PpF* 
*  above.' 

SUS-ACnOMIO-HlTMiRAL,  DerfciA 

SUS-CARP1EN;  from  sus,  (F.)  'skew -.f 
earpe,  'the  wrist'  Above  the  wrist  An tf-  ■ 
given  by  Chauesier  to  the  dorsal  w1<IT^';Il 
wrist  —  Artlre  *u*-carpi<n*s  —  a  branch  «  B 
radial. 


8US-&P1NEUX 


8S1 


SUTURE 


SU8-£PINEUX,  Supra-spinatus-*.  Maxillo- 
labial,  Levator  anguli  oris  — s.  Maxillo -labial, 
grand.  Levator  labii  superioris  alaeque  nasi  —  «. 
Maxillo-labial  moyen,  Levator  labii  superioris 
proprius  —  s.  Maxillo-nasal,  Compressor  naris  — 
8.  Omphalodymie,  see  Somatodymia  —  *.  Optico- 
sphtno-scUroticien,  Rectos  superior  oculi — *.  Or- 
bitaire,  Supra-orbitar — s.  Pkalangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  polliois  brevis — s.  Pubio-fimoral,  Pec- 
tin alia  —  9.  Scapulo-trochitdrien,  le  plus  petit. 
Teres  minor  —  ».  Scapulo-trochitSrien,  petit,  Su- 
pra-spinatus  —  «.  Spino-soapulo-trochitirien,  Su- 
pra-spinatus. 

SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY,  Facile  suscipiens,  (sub 
or  sue,  and  oapio,  'I  take/)  'easily  taking,  or 
undertaking.'  Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged 
acceptation.  Impressibility.  This  term,  with  the 
epithet  nervous,  is  sometimes  used  for  that  in- 
crease in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  particu- 
larly observed  in  nervous  affeotions. 

SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM,  Intussuscep- 
tion. 

SUSPENDICULUM,  Cremaster. 
SUSPENSA,  Enaoorcma. 
SUSPENSOIRE,  Suspensory. 
SUSPENSORIUM,  Suspensory—*.  Testis, 
Cremaster. 

SUSPEN'SORY,  Suspenso'rius,  from  suspen- 
dere,  (»ub  or  sus,  'under,  and  pendere,  'to  hang/) 
'to  hang  under.'  (P.)  Suepensoire.  That  which 
sustains  or  suspends. 

Suspensory  Bandage,  Suspenso'rium, is  a  ban- 
dage intended  to  support  the  scrotum,  in  cases 
of  disease  of  the  testicle  or  of  scrotal  hernia.  It 
consists  of  a  kind  of  bag,  fixed  above  to  a  cinc- 
ture, and  retained  below  by  strings  passing  be- 
tween the  thighs,  and  fixed  to  the  cincture  be- 
hind. 

Suspensory  Ligament  op  the  Liver,  Liga- 
men' turn  suspenso'rium  he'patis,   Perpendic'ulwn 
he'patis,  is  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  perito- 
neum, between  the  inferior  surface  of  the  dia- 
,        phragm  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  great  fall  of  the  umbilical 
vein. 
Suspensory  Ligament  of  the  Penis  is  a  fibro- 
1        cellular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  anterior  part  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  to  the  corpus  oavernosum,  which  it  sustains. 
1        A  similar  ligament  belongs  to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enseorema—  s.  Urime,  Enseo- 
>       rem  a. 

SUSPIRATION,  Suspirium. 
!  SUSPIRATUS,  Suspirium. 

r  6USPIHITUS,  Suspirium. 

,  SUSPIR'IUM,  Suspira'tio,  Suspira'tus,  8us- 

pir'itus,  from  tub  or  sus,  'under/  and  spiro,  'I 
\        breathe  /  Mygmus,  Mych'mus,  Mychtkis'mus,  Ste- 
nag'mus,  Stenax'is,  Sigh,  Suspira'tion,  (F.)  jSbw- 
\        pir.     A  short  breathing.     A  slow,  voluntary 
!        contraction  of  the  diaphragm  and  intercostal 
muscles,  the  effect  of  which  is  to  restore  the  due 
relation  between  the  circulation  and  respiration, 
or  to  free  ourselves  from  an  inconvenient  sense 
1        of  weight  felt  in  the  chest,  when  we  are  much 
depressed, — a  weight,  which  appears  to  be  chiefly 
dependent  on  the  functions  of  the  heart  being 
i        disturbed  through  the  moral  influence.   The  sigh 
differs  from  the  sob: — the  latter  being  involun- 
tary and  spasmodic   Sighing,  occurring  in  fevers 
to  a  great  extent,  indicates  considerable  depres- 
sion.   When  accompanied  with  a  vocal  sound,  it 
constitutes  a  groan, 
Suspirium  Cardiacuk,  Angina  pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM,  Aliment 
SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erectorclito- 
ridis  —  s.  Penis,  Erector  penis. 
SUSURRATION,  Whispering. 


8  US  UR  R  U  S,  Bourdonnement :  —  g.  Aurium, 

Tinnitus  aurium. 

6UTELA,  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 

SUTORIUS,  Sartorius. 

SUTTER,  Saccharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy  — 
s.  Arcualis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Biparietalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture  — s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled  — s. 
Corporis  callosi  externa,  see  Raphe  —  s.  Cranil 
squamosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Dentata,  see 
Suture  —  s.  Frontoparietals,  Coronal  suture — s. 
Jugalis,  Sagittal  suture — s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lamb- 
doid  suture  —  s.  Limbosa,  see  Suture  —  s.  Lepi- 
doides,  Squamous  suture — 8.  Mendosa,  Squa- 
mous suture  — s.  Notha,  see  Suture  — s.  Obelssa, 
Sagittal  suture — s.  Ossium  Spuria,  Harmony  — 
8.  Prone,  Lambdoid  suture — s.  Punctata,  Suture, 
common  —  s.  Puppis,  Coronal  suture  —  a.  Rhab- 
doides,  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Serrata,  see  Suture, 
Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Vera,  see  Suture. 

SUTURAL,  Sutura'lis;  same  etymon  as  the 
next    Relating  to  a  suture. 

SUTURE,  Sutu'ra,  Sute'la,  Armi,  Bhaphi, 
from  mere,  sutum,  'to  stitch ;'  Dove-tail  joint,  (P.) 
Engrenure.  A  kind  of  immovable  articulation, 
in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of  serrated 
edges,  whioh  are,  as  it  were,  dove-tailed  into  each 
other.  The  articulations  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  bones  of  the  scull  are  of  this  kind.  The 
coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures  are 
called  true  sutures,  the  two  temporal  are  called 
false  sutures,  sutures  notha. 

A  dentated  suture  —  Sutu'ra  denta'ta  —  is  one 
in  which  the  processes  are  long  and  dentiform, 
as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  serrated 
suture  —  sutu'ra  seu  syntaxes  serra'ta  —  the  in- 
dentations and  processes  are  small  and  fine,  like 
the  teeth  of  a  saw,  as  in  the  suture  between  the 
two  portions  of  the  frontal  bone.  In  the  sutn'ra 
limbo' sa  there  is  along  with  the  dentated  mar- 
gins a  degree  of  bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one 
bone  rests  on  the  other,  as  in  the  occipitoparie- 
tal suture. 

^  Suture,  in  Surgery,  Rha'ph*,  means  an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  stitching  the  lips  of  a  wound 
to  procure  their  union.  The  suture  was,  at  one 
time,  largely  employed;  but,  in  modern  times, 
its  use  has  been  wisely  restricted.  There  are  few 
wounds  in  which  the  edges  may  not  be  brought 
together  by  adhesive  plaster  appropriately  ap- 
plied. This  kind  of  union,  by  adhesive  plaster 
simply,  has  been  absurdly  termed  Sutura  sicca 
or  dry  suture,  in  opposition  to  the  Sutura  cruenta 
or  suture  properly  so  called.  The  suture  is  gene- 
rally performed  with  waxed  thread  and  straight 
or  curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The  chief  sutures  are  the  interrupted  suture, 
the  quitted  suture,  the  glover's  suture,  and  the 
twisted  suture.  1.  The  Interrupted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  d  points  sfparis,  Suture  entrecoupie, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through  the  lips  of  the  wound  previ- 
ously brought  into  contact;  and  then  tying  the 
extremities  of  the  thread.  The  other  stitches 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.  They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.  It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.  2.  The  Quilled  Suture,  Sutura 
clava'ta,  (F.)  Suture  enchsvilUe  ou  emplumie  ou 
empennSe,  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  inter- 
rupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the  liga- 
tures are  not  tied  over  the  face  of  the  wound,  but 
over  two  quills  or  rolls  of  plaster,  or  bougies, 
which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of  the  wound.  It 
is  used  by  some  surgeons,  on  account  of  there 
being  less  danger  of  the  stitches  tearing  out  It 
is  not  much  employed.    3.  The  Glover's  Bo. 


SWAB 


832 


6TC08IS 


■,  Con  tin' tied  Suture,  Uninterrupted  Suture, 
(P.)  Suture  de  Pelletier,  Suture  en  eurget,  is  exe- 
cuted by  introducing  the  needle  first  into  one  Up 
of  the  wound  from  within  outwards,  then  into 
the  other  in  the  same  way ;  and,  in  this  manner, 
sewing  up  the  whole  extent  of  the  wound.  It 
has  been  chiefly  used  in  wounds  of  the  intestinal 
canal.  It  is  now  rarely  employed  except  for 
stitching  up  dead  bodies.  The  common  stitch  or 
suture,  Sutura  puncta'ta,  (F.)  Suture  d  points 

£ass/*,  has  been  used  in  similar  cases.  4.  The 
oval  Stitch  or  Suture  is  the  name  of  an  old 
operation  for  the  cure  of  bubonocele.  It  con- 
sisted in  putting  a  ligature  under  the  hernial  sac, 
close  to  the  abdominal  ring,  and  then  tying  that 
part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it  impervious  by 
the  adhesive  inflammation  thus  excited.  5.  The 
Twisted  Suture,  (F.)  Suture  entortilUe,  is  em- 
ployed, chiefly,  to  unite  wounds  of  the  cheeks 
and  of  the  free  edges  of  the  lips.  To  perform  it, 
a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  through  the.  edges  of 
the  wound,  so  as  to  keep  them  accurately  in 
contact  A  piece  of  thread  is  then  wound  accu- 
rately around  the  pin,  from  one  side  of  the  divi- 
sion to  the  other,  in  the  form  of  the  figure  oo. 
The  number  of  pins  and  sutures  must,  of  course, 
correspond  with  the  extent  of  the  wound.  This 
Is  the  suture  used  in  cases  of  harelip.  0.  The 
SUTURE  1  ANSE,  of  Le  Dran,  has  only  been 
employed  in  cases  of  wounds  of  the  intestines. 
For  this  purpose,  the  edges  of  the  wound  are 
brought  together,  and  as  many  needles,  with  un- 
waxed  threads,  used  as  there  are  to  be  stitches. 
Bach  stitch  is  then  made  by  passing  a  needle 
through  the  edges ;  and  all  the  ligatures  which 
belong  to  one  side  of  the  wound  are  tied  toge- 
ther, and  twisted  so  as  to  form  a  thread,  which  is 
fixed  externally. 

Suture,  Compound,  Suture,  quilled  —  s.  Con- 
tinued, Suture,  glover's — «.  Ecailleuee,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  «.  Empennte,  Suture,  quilled — ». 
Emplumfe,  Suture,  quilled  —  *.  EnchevilUe,  Su- 
ture, quilled — «.  Entortillfe,  Suture,  twisted — «. 
Entrecoupfe,  Suture,  interrupted — s.  False,  Har- 
mony—  ».  Occipitale,  Lambdoid  BUture  —  s.  Oc- 
cipito-parietal,  Lambdoid  suture — «.  de  Pelletier, 
Suture,  glover's  —  s.  d  Point*  pasefe,  Suture, 
common — s.  d  Point*  eiparh,  Suture,  interrupted 
—  s.  Sagittal,  see  Sagittal  suture — «.  Squametue, 
Squamous  suture — #.  en  Surget,  Suture,  glover's 
— s.  Superficial,  Harmony — s.  Uninterrupted,  see 
Suture,  glover's. 

SWAB,  from  Sax.  rpebban,  '  to  clean  with  a 
mop.'  A  piece  of  sponge  or  rag  tied  to  a  rod  of 
whalebone  or  wood,  for  cleansing  the  mouth  of 
the  sick,  or  applying  remedial  agents  to  deep- 
aeated  parts. 

SWADDLING  CLOTHES,  Swathing  clothes. 

SWAGBELLT,  Physconia, 

SWALLOW,  Hirundo  — s.  Wort,  Asclepias 
vlnoetoxicuin  —  s.  Wort,  orange,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa  —  Wort,  tuberous-rooted,  Asclepias  tuberosa 
— s.  Wort,  white,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

SWALLOW'S  NEST,  Nidus  hirundinis. 

SWAMP  CABBAGE,  Draoontium  fcetidum  — 
s.  Dogwood,  Petela  trifoliata  —  s.  Sickness,  Milk 
riokness  —  s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus  occidentals, 
Dirca  pal  using. 

SWATHING  CLOTHES,  Swaddling  Clothe; 
fneunab'ula,  /facta,  Panni,  from  Sax.  r  fte&an, 
'to  bind.'  (F.)  Maillot.  The, kind  of  clothing 
or  bandaging  formerly  applied 'to  children  dur- 
ing the  first  year  of  life.  It  is  now,  properly, 
laid  aside,  and  every  freedom  allowed  to  muscu- 
lar exertion. 

SWEAT,  Sudor— s.  Bloody,  Sudor  oruentus— 
a.  Gfands,  see  Perspiration  —  s.  Root,  Polemo- 
nium  reptans  —  b.  Scab,  Crusta  genu  equina). 


SWEATING,  Hidrosis— s.  Bath,  Achiwlia- 
s.  of  Blood,  see  Diapcdesi*.  and  Sudor  cr«ntB*- 
s.  House,  Achicoluui — s.  Plant,  Eupatorims  pr- 
foliatum — s.  Room,  Achicolum— a.  Sidu>tf.s  Sa 
dor  Anglicus. 

*  Sweating  Sickness,  Malwae.  A  d*« 
which  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  wont  f»rr  f 
cholera,  and  to  bear  a  close  relation  to  nul'r^ 
congestive  fever.  As  its  name  imports,  it  ^-.-n 
in  Malwah  in  India. 

SWEET  BITTER,  Triostenm— «.  Bash.  C  ^ 
tonia  asplcnifolia  —  s.  Fern,  Coniptooia  «-f  ■- 
folia  —  s.  Flag,  Acorus  calamus— s.  Pod,  Cm> 
nium  siliqua  —  s.  Root,  Aralia  nudicaalU. 

SWELLING,  Epanaete'ma,  Exar'ma,  M- 
tie,  Presie,  Preemay  Ottcue,  Extuwufac'tio,  f  *  % 
Tumefac'tio,  (F.)  Enjlure,  GoufiemeuU  fn>m  ^ 
rpellan,  (D.)  swellen  (G.)  schwellecu 
swell.'  Morbid  increase  of  bulk  in  the  wh**,  i 
a  part,  of  the  body.     See  Tumour. 

Swelling,  WniTB,  Hydrarthrus. 

SWERTIA  CHIRAYITA,  Gentians  ehim* 
—  8.  Difformis,  see  Calumba — s.  Frasen,  a 
Calumba  —  s.  Lutca,  Gentian  a  lutes. 

S  WIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  S.  £V<\ 
Soym'ida,  S.  Febrifuga,  FeVrifmge  Sri"*'  >'■ 
(F.)  Mahoganfibrifugc.  Family,  Meliac**.  >- 
Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The  bark  >J  - 
tree,  which  is  a  native  of  the  East  Indie*,  ci 
called  there  Rohena  Bark,  has  an  aromatir  .4* 
and  bitter  taste.  It  is  tonic  and  stomach*.  £< 
has  been  used  in  Intermittent*,  and  in  di*** 
where  bitter  tonics  are  indicated.  Dost,  3b w 
9U  of  the  powder. 

Swiete'nia  Mahog'ani,  Ccdrut  JM-?'*" 
Mahogany  Tree,  grows  in  the  West  In<h<  ~J 
tropical  America,  and  is  possessed  of  simibrp 
perties. 

Swietenta  Soviba,  S.  Febrifuga. 

SWIMBLADDER,  Airbladder. 

SWIMMING,  Natation— s.  Bladder,  Air&i- 
der  —  s.  of  the  Head,  Vertigo. 

SWOON,  Syncope. 

SWOONING,  Syncope. 

SYALADENI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  */«*>v' 
rum  ealiva'lium,  from  eta\o*f  'salira,  •**•'* 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation,  W* 
mation  of  the  salivary  glands. 

STCAMINOS,  Morns  nigra. 

SYCAMINUM,  see  Morus  nigra, 

SYCE,  Fious,  Ficns  carica. 

SYCEA,  Ficus. 

SYCEPH'ALUS,  from  m,  'with,'  tad  **> 

*  head.'  A  monster  having  two  headj  unitJ  .- 
gether. 

SY'CION,  *»«•*,  from  nm,  'a fig.'  A  J«* 
tion  of  dried  figs. 

SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.  0*e**ki  r 
cucumber,  Wild  Bry'ony.  The  rooti  and  #J 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  Order  Cucorbiiaf* 
are  bitter,  purgative  and  diuretic.  Ilii***' 
dropsy  in  the  same  cases  as  bryony. 

SYCPTES,fromav«or,  'a  fig.'  Wine,  in  «** 
figs  have  been  infused. 

Stcites,  Catorcbites. 

SYCOMA,  Ficus. 


SYCO'SIS.    Same  etymon.    A  tumour 


of* 


shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous  ulcer.  A  t-* 
excrescence  about  the  eyelids.  Br.  Bat-3* 
defines  it : — an  eruption  of  inflamed  but  ►*  n  ■ 
hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the  bearded  p*5* 
of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp,  in  adult*  ;* 
usually  clustering  together  in  irregular  pat™** 
—  Phyma  SyeoeU,  Roee'ola  jico'ea.  W  ** [" 
has  given  two  species:  1.  Sycoei*  Meati,  S  ** 
3fenrtagra,  MentVgo,  Yarue  Men' top*,  <  *'*7 
Barbae  Itch,  (F.)  Dartre  pvfleu*  ****' 


SYCTJM 


**$ 


BYMPHYSBOTOMT 


and,    2.  Syoorit  CapiVli,  3.   CapiUifii.     The 
treatment,  in  both  cases,  resembles  that  for  por- 
rigo  favosa. 
Sycosis,  Ficus. 
6YCUM,  Ficus. 
SYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 
SYLLEPSIS,  Conception. 
SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,   from   cvWitfis,  'con- 
ception/ and  \oyoff  'a  description.'    The  doc- 
trine of  conception. 

SYM,  6YN,  cvv,  'with,  together/  like  the  cum, 
con,  col,  cor,  Ac,  of  the  Latins.  A  common 
prefix.  Before  6,  p,  ph,  ps,  and  m, —  sym,  or 
xyn,  is  changed  into  sym  or  vym,  (com;)  before 
c,  ch,  g,  k,  and  x,  into  syn  or  xyn,  evy,  %yy,  (con  ;) 
before  I  into  syl  or  sty  I,  (col ;)  before  r  into  syr  or 
xyr  (cor;)  and  before  f  into  *y  or  xy,  and  sys,  (co 
and  cos. 

SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,    Concre'tio  palpebra- 
rum cum  bulbo    oc'uli,   from   svv,   'with/  and 
pXafiapov,  *  an  eyelid.'     A  preternatural  adhesion 
between  the  eyelids ;  and  especially  between  the 
upper  eyelid  and  globe  of  the  eye. 
Symblepharosis,  Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBOL,  Sym'bolum,  Oharac'ter,  (F.)  Carac- 
tire,  from  ffvppaWt*  Uvv,  '  with/  and  0aXXw,  '  I 
throw'),  '  I  compare.     A  sign  or  representation 
of  something  else. 

The  following  are  the  symbols  used  in  pre- 
scriptions : 

R,  Recipe.    See  R. 
gr.,  Oranum,  a  grain. 
j),  Scrupulus  sen  scrupulum,  a  scrapie, 
jj,  Drachma,  a  draehm. 
3,  Uncia,  an  onnce. 
to,  Libra,  a  ponnd. 
TT^,  Minimum,  a  minim, 
f  Z,  Flni  drachma,  a  fluidraohm. 
ft,  Fluiduncia,  a  fluidounoe. 
0,  Octarius,  a  pint. 
C,  Congius,  a  gallon. 
SYMBOLE,  Commissure. 
SYMBOLEUSIS,  Consultation. 
SYMBOLISMUS,  Sympathy. 
SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 
SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 
SYMBOLUM,  Sympathy. 
SYM'MELES,  from  m,  'with,  and  M«X©r,  'an 
extremity.'  Man' opus.  Agenas  of  monsters  whose 
extremities  are  joined  together:  Sirens.  —  L  G. 
St  Hilaire. 
SYMMETRIA,  Symmetry. 
SYMMETRICAL,  Symmeericus, evpfttrpos, 
from  trvv,  'with/  and  pcrpttv,  'to  measure/    An 
ep:thot  given  to  those  parts  of  the  body,  which, 
if  seated  on  the  median  line,  may  be  divided  into 
two  equal,  and  perfectly  like  halves ;  or  which — 
if  situate,  the  one  to  the  right,  the  other  to  the 
left  of  this  line  —  have  a  similar  conformation, 
and  a  perfectly  analogous  arrangement 
Symmetrical  Diseases,  see  Symmetry. 
SYM'METRY,  Symmet'ria,  Commen'snm,  Mem- 
bro'rum  Om'nium  Competen'tia,  Propor'tio.    The 
regularity  in  form,  observed  in  many  parts,  situ- 
ate on  the  median  line ;  and,  also,  the  resemblance 
which  exists  between  many  organs  that  are  situ- 
ate on  each  side  of  the  median  line.    Bichat  first 
noticed  that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the 
organs  of  animal  life ;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine, 
organs  of  sense,  locomotion,  Ac. 

It  has  been  affirmed  —  and  there  is  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  assertion  —  to  be  a  law  of  the  ani- 
mal economy,  that,  when  uninfluenced  by  dis- 
turbing agents,  all  general  or  constitutional  die- 
1  affect  equally  and  similarly  the  correspond- 
63 


ing  parts  of  the  two  sides  of  the  body.    This  bti 
been  called  the  Symmetry  of  Diseases;  and  the 
resulting  diseases  are  said  to  he  symmetrica  L 
SYMMETRY  OF  DISEASES,  see  Symmetry. 
SYMPARATERESIS,  Observation. 
SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 
SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 
SYMPATHETIC,  Sympath'ieus,  Synpa;leti- 
cus,  (F.)  Sympathique,  from  trvv,  'with/  and  ra£o* 
'suffering/    That  which  depends  on  sympathy. 
Sympathetic  affections  of  an  organ  are  those 
morbid  phenomena  that  supervene  without  any 
morbifio  cause  acting  directly  on  it,  and  by  the 
reaction  of   another  organ   primarily  affected. 
Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a  sympathetic  affec- 
tion, produced  by  irritation   in   the  intestinal 
canal. 

The  epithet  sympathetic  is,  also,  given  to  dif- 
ferent nerves.  See  Trisplanchnio,  Pneumogat- 
tric,  and  Facial. 

Sympathetic,  Great,  Trisplanchnio  nerve— s. 
Middle,  Pneumogastric. 

Sympathetic  Powder,  Pulvie  sympathet'icus 
of  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  was  composed  of  calcined 
sulphate  of  iron,  prepared  in  a  particular  manner. 
It  was  long  supposed  to  be  able  to  cure  a  wound, 
if  applied  to  the  weapon  that  inflicted  it ;  or  even 
to  a  portion  of  the  bloody  clothes.    It  is  proper 
to  remark,  however,  that  the  wound  itself  was 
carefully  excluded  from  the  air,  and  from  all  irri- 
tation. 
SYMPATHETICA  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 
SYMPATUETISMUS,  Sympathy. 
SYMPATHIA,  Consent  of  parts. 
SYMPATHICUS,  Sympathetic. 
SYMPATHIQUE,  Sympathetic. 
SYM'PATHY,  Sympathi'a,  Sympathe'eis,  Com- 
pas'sio,  Consensus,  Sympathctis'mus,  Xympathi'a, 
Confiux'io,   Conspira'tio,    Commer'cium,  Consor- 
tium, HomoiopathVa,  Homoeth'nia,  Adelphix'is, 
Symbolis'mus,  Symbolixa'tio,  Sym'bolum.  The  con- 
nexion that  exists  between  the  action  of  two  or 
more  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  each 
other ;  so  that  the  affection  of  the  first  is  trans- 
mitted, secondarily,  to  the  others,  or  to  one  of 
the  others,  by  means  unknown.     A  knowledge 
of  the  particular  sympathies  between  different 
organs  throws  light  on  the  etiology  of  diseases, 
their  seat,  and  the  particular  organ  towards  which 
our  therapeutical  means  Bhould  be  directed.    See 
Irritation. 
SYMPEPSIS,  Coction. 
SYMPEXIS,  Concretion. 
SYMPHORA,  Congestion. 
SYMPIIOREMA,  Congestion. 
SYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 
SYMPHORICAR'PUS  RACEMO'SUS,  Snou>- 
berry.  An  indigenous  plant.  Order  Caprifoliacese, 
Tribe  Lonicero,  whose  berries  are  large,  bright 
white,  and  remain  till  winter;   flowering  from 
June  to  September.    The  root  is  tonic  and  as- 
tringent, and  has  been  used  in  ague;  and  by  the 
Indians  in  syphilis. 

SYMPHYIA,  Symphysis. 
SYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS,  Metopfages,  Cepha- 
lop'ages,   from   ev^vm,   'united  together/   and 
KtfaXn,  'head/    A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  by  the  head. 

SYMPHYSEOTOMY,  Symphysot'omy,  Syn- 
chondrot'omy,  Symphyseotom'ia,  Symphysiotom'ia, 
from  evpfvots,  and  rt/tvis,  '  I  out'  The  operation 
or  section  of  the  Symphysis,  Sigaultian  operation, 
Sigaultian  section.  This  operation  is  performed 
with  the  view  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the 
pelvis,  in  order  to  facilitate  delivery  in  certain 
cases  of  faulty  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with 
wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  therein.  To 
perform  the  operation,  (JF.)  DSsymphyssr,  the  fe- 


SYMPHYSIA 


8S4 


SYNCOPE 


male  is  placed  on  her  back;  the  pubes  fa  shared j 
and,  with  a  strong  scalpel,  the  soil  parts  are  di- 
rided  on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  cut  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  which 
hold  the  bones  together,  are  dirided,  they  sepa- 
rate to  a  certain  distance  from  each  other ;  and 
the  delivery  may  be  accomplished.  The  knife, 
with*whieh  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  the  French,  Oouteau  eymphyrien. 

SYMPHYS'IA,  from  mp<frvwt  'a  growing  J*>- 
gether.'  A  malformation  consisting  in  the  union 
of  parts  that  are  usually  divided.  —  Breschet 

SYMPHYSIOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy.  • 

SYM'PH^SIS,  Symphy'ia,  CoaUecen'tia,  Co- 
al'itu*,  from  evfifv*  (avv,  'with/  and  0vw,  'I 
grow'),  'I  unite  together.'  A  union  of  bones. 
The  bond  of  suoh  union.  The  aggregate  of 
means  used  for  retaining  bones  in  ritu  in  the 
articulations.  The  name  symphysis  has,  how- 
ever, been  more  particularly  appropriated  to  cer- 
tain articulations;  as  to  the  tymphysi*  pubis, 
•acroMiac  eymphyei*,  Ac.    See  Monster. 

Symphysis,  Coalescence,  Commissure,  Inser- 
tion —  8.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis  —  s.  Liga- 
mentosa,  Syndesmosis  —  s.  Ossinm  muscularis, 
Syssarcosis — s.  Pubis,  Pubic  articulation. 

SYMPHYSOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYMPHYTOS,  Hereditary. 

SYMTHYTUM.  Same  etymon.  Symphytum 
ojffieina'li  sen  album  seu  Bohe'micum,  Oonsol'ida 
major,  Oomfrey,  Alum,  Alue,  (F.)  Grande  Con- 
nude.  Family,  Boraginess.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Pentan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  roots  of  this  European 
plant  are  very  mucilaginous,  and  are  employed 
as  emollients.  They  are  used  in  decoction  in 
haemoptysis,  dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  Ac. 

Symphytum,  Solidago  rirgaurea —  s.  Album, 
Symphytum — s.  Bohemioum,  Symphytum  —  s. 
Minimum,  Belli*  —  s.  Minus,  Prunella  —  s.  Offi- 
cinale, Symphytum. 

Symphytum  Petbjb'uv,  Corie  Motupelien'rit, 
Montpel'lier  Oori*.  An  intensely  bitter  and  nau- 
seous plant,  which  is  said  to  hare  been  useful  in 
syphilis.     See,  also,  Sanicula. 

SYMPLOCARP'US  ANGUSTISPATHA, 
Dracontium  angustispatha  —  s.  Fcetida,  Dracon- 
tium  foetidum. 

SYMPOD'IA,  Monopodia,  from  evr,  'together/ 
and  novi,  9060s,  'a  foot.'  A  monstrosity  in 
which  there  is  coalescence  of  the  lower  extre- 
mities. 

SYMPTOM,  Sympto'tna,  Ac'ciden*,  Caeut,  from 
wv,  'with/  and  rrwfta,  'a  fall/  from  nrru,  «I 
fall/  Any  change,  perceptible  to  the  senses,  in 
any  organ  or  function,  which  is  connected  with 
morbific  influence.  It  is  by  the  aggregate  and 
succession  of  symptoms  that  a  disease  is  detected. 
The  term  *ymptom*  of  *ymptom*  has  been  used 
for  the  effects  which  result  from  the  symptoms 
of  a  disease ;  but  which  effects  are  not  essentially 
connected  with  the  disease  itself.  Thus,  the  de- 
bility arising  from  the  frequency  of  evacuations 
in  dysentery  is  a  symptom  of  symptoms.  See 
Sign. 

SYMPTOMA  TURPITUDINIS, Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMATIC,  Symptomatic**.  That  which 
is  a  symptom  of  some  other  affection.  Thus  we 
speak  of  a  symptomatic  disease,  in  opposition  to 
one  that  is  idiopathic. 

SYMPTOMATOLOGY,  Symptomatology, 
S>jmbolog"icay  from  ovftvrwpa,  'a  symptom/  and 
Xoyt,  'a  treatise/  The  branch  of  pathology,  the 
object  of  which  is  the  knowledge  of  symptoms. 

SYMPTO'SIS,  from  ow,  'with/  and  r<*r«,  'I 
fall.'  Depression  or  collapse,  emaciation  or  atro- 
phy, either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 


6YN.BRRMA,  Corrugation. 

SYN^TION,  Concausa. 

SYNANCHE,  Cynanche,  Cynanchs 

STNANCIE,  Cynanche. 

SYNAPHYMKNITIS,  see  Ophthalmia 

SYNAPTASE,  see  Amygdalin. 

SYNARTHRODIA,  Synarthrosis. 

SYNARTHRO'DIAL,  Synarthrodia'}!*,  fr* 
evv,  'with/  and  apSowets,  'articulation.'  7  ii 
which  belongs  to  synarthrosis;  ai  Syurthrtd 
articulation. 

SYNARTHROSIS,  Synarthn'di «,  AM  v 
la'tio,  Coartieula'tio.  An  immovable  arncis'i'i  r- 
Synarthrosis  includes  three  species :  &uvt,  Bj- 
mony,  and  Gomphoei*. 

SYNATHROESIS,  Congestion. 

SYNATHROISMUS,  Congestion. 

SYNCAN'THUS,  from  aw,  'wfta/ndofc 
'  the  corner  of  the  eye.'  A  morbid  sdbe«M  t- 
tween  the  globe  of  the  eye  and  the  orbit 

SYNCHONDROSIS,  Sym'phpi*  ten  C*;  •-» 
seu  Conncx'io  cartUagin'ea,  Cko»dnq*d"»  * 
from  evr,  'with/  and  x»**>«,  '»  anto 
Union  or  articulation  of  bones  by  mess*  oi  * 
tilage :— as  the  articulations  of  the  rib*  wri  u 
sternum,  by  means  of  their  cartilage*  of  p.-* 
gation. 

SYNCHONDROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYNCHRONIUS,  Synchronous. 

SYNCHRONOUS,  Syn'cknmm,  e>*W*. 
hoch'ronou*,  from  ew,  *  with/  and  y/w  m* 
That  which  occurs  at  the  same  time.  Th:.' "' 
pulsations  of  an  artery  may  be  synduonou  rJ 
those  of  the  heart. 

SYNCHRONUS,  Synchronous. 

SYNCHYSIS,  Confusion. 

SYNCIPUT,  Sinciput. 

SYNCLONESIS,  Synclonns. 

SYN'CLONUS,  Synctone'eit,  from  «7*» 
(<*>*,  « with/  and  kXopiu,  «  I  shake,')  'I  *&?*•  / 
gether.'  Won' id  univerea'lee,  Glow*,  (i^- 
Tremulous,  simultaneous,  and  csroni«*f J  ; 
of  various  muscles,  especially  when  tv-u: 
the  will.  Also,  general  spasm,  ip*?**  *"*' 
•a' lit.    See  Tremor,  Chorea,  Ac  ( 

Synclonus  Ballisjmcs,  Paralysis  sp"8*' 


I- 


Beriberia,  Beriberi — s.  Chorea,  Cborev 
phania,  Raphania — a.  Saltans,  Chore*  - 
mor,  Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TUS,  from  s»y«*i{*  K* 
tofitM  'I  bring  together.'  A*&r?''\ 
domestic**,  secundariu*,  dba'ri**,  t&p*r 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat  or  of  the  mwftf J  '  .* 
Houeekold  bread.  Alro,  a  eaUpiassiBwfc^ 
same. 

SYN'COPAL,  Syncopal  Syncop'tk*  < ' 
cop'tue.    Same  etymon  as  Syncope ;  »  ty  ^ 
Fever,  Febri*  Syncopa'li*.    A  P*«irio*T 
mitten  t,  characterised  by  repeated  stm* 
syncope. 

SYN'COPE,    from   wnyxiru,  'I  tf  ir 
A  n'imi  defee'tio,  Animi  deli'qniam,  Ujfl^' 
Lipopeyck'ia,  Apeyck'ia,  Apyx1**,  1*1*"  \ 
AtphyJia,  Apopeych'ia,  Lipotkyn'i** Un* "  # 
ia,  Eclipt'in,  Su'bitn*  animi  ca«*>  &#*> : 
img,  Fainting,  Fainting  ft.  Faintne*h^  ' 
(F. )   Evanoui-ement,    D*faiU***>  **'^ 
Complete  and,  commonly,  sudden  lo*  *  * . 
tion  and  motion,  with  considerable  du""*, 
or  entire  suspension  of  the  pel*,u*w;^,, 
heart  and  the  respiratory  moremeots.  *.-  ; 
is,  commonly,  an  affection  of  no  ew*: 
but,  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  *<**' 
Placing  the  patient  in  the  homos!*  r*  & 
sprinkling  cold  water  orer  the  *****    m 
pUcation  of  volatile  substances  to  IM** 


SYNCOPTICUS 


835 


8TO0VIAI. 


ail  thai  will  be  required  daring  the  fit    See  As- 

phyxia,  and  Suffocation. 

An  approach  to  this  condition  is  termed  faint- 
itknett. 

Sthgopb  Ahoiwa,  Angina  pectoris  —  a,  Angi- 
nosa,  Anginapeetoris. 

SYNCOPTICUS,  Syncopal 

SYNCOPTUS,  Syncopal. 

SYNCRITICA,  Astringents. 

SYNDACTYLUS,  Aschistodactylus. 

SYNDESMFTIS,  see  Ophthalmia.  Alao,  in. 
domination  of  articular  ligaments;  Infiamma'tio 
ligamento'runu 

SYNDESMOGRAPHY,  Syndeemograph'ia, 
from  evvitapos,  'a  ligament/  and  yeae\n,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments.  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndetmolog"  ia,  from 
rvvStopos,  'a  ligament,'  and  \oyos,  'a  treatise, 
discourse/    A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGEUS.  A  fasciculus 
of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 

SYNDESMOS,  Ligament. 

SYNDESMOSIS,  Syttneuro'tit,  Synymen'etit, 
Connex'io  sea  Sym'phytit  ligamento'ta,  Commit' - 
tu'ra  ner'vea,  Connerva'tio,  Colliga'tio,  from  evv- 
itepos,  'ligament.'  The  articulation  of  two  or 
more  bones  by  means  of  ligament;  —  as  of  the 
radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESMOT'OMY,  Syndetmatom'ia,  from 
rov&tcpos,  'ligament,'  and  rtftwf  'I  out  or  dis- 
sect.'   Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMUS,  Bandage,  Ligament 

SYN'DROME,  from  ovv,  'with/  and  ipouos,  'a 
course/  Concur' tut,  Coneourte.  A  name  given 
by  the  Empirical  Sect  to  the  anion  of  symptoms 
which  takes  place  in  diseases.  Syndrom*  plethof- 
rica,  for  examplo,  meant  the  union  of  symptoms 
produced  by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYNECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYNECHI'A,  from  m,  'with/  and  «*«»,  'to 
have/  or  'to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris 
and  transparent  cornea,  or  between  the  iris  and 
crystalline  lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Syne- 
chia  ante'rior:  the  latter,  S.  potte'rior. 

SYNENERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERQIE,  Synsrgy. 

SYN'ERGY,  Synergi'a,  Synenergi'a,  (P.)  Sy- 
nergic; from  m,  'with/  and  teyov,  'work/  A 
correlation  or  concourse  of  action  between  differ- 
ent organs  in  health ;  and,  according  to  some,  in 
disease. 

6YNESIS,  Intellect 

SYNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYNEZI'ZIS,  Synize'tit,  Contiden'tia,  from 
ovv,  '  with/  and  frvywuv,  '  to  join/  Parop'tit 
Synizetit,  Cali'go  d  Synizeti,  Caligo  Pupil' Ice, 
Imperfora'tio  papilla,  Cloture  or  oeclu'eion  or 
obliteration  of  the  Pupil,  Phthitie  Pupil' let, 
Amy o' 8\9.  This  disease  is  sometimes  faulty  eon- 
formation,  depending  upon  the  continued  exist- 
ence of  the  membrana  papillaris,  or  the  absence 
of  the  pupil.  It  is,  in  other  words,  congenital. 
At  other  times,  it  is  owing  to  accident,  and  su- 
pervenes on  violent  ophthalmia,  or  on  the  opera- 
tion for  cataract  They  who  are  affected  with 
synezizis  are  completely  blind ;  —  the  iris  having 
no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases,  a  remedy 
may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening  in  the 
iris,  which  may  supply  the  place  of  the  pupil, 
and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may  reach 
the  retina.  TbiB  operation  is  called  the  operation 
for  artificial  pupil. 

SYNGENES,  Hereditary. 


SYNGENICTJS,  Congenital. 

SYNHYMEXESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIZESIS,  Considentia,  Syneiisis. 

SYNNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYN'OCHA,  from  <n>wx»,  K  and  cg»,  'I 
have  or  hold/)  '  I  continue/  Infiam'matory  Fe- 
ver, Dynam'io  Fever,  Angiop'yra,  Sthen'op'yra, 
Febrie  canto' dee,  F.  caumato'det,  Febrit  deu'rene, 
F.  ardent,  Febrie  eontin'ua  tanguin'ea,  Febrie 
con  tin' ua  non  putrit,  Syn'ochut  (Vogel),  Febrie 
acmat'tica,  Synockut  impu'trie  (Galen,)  Febrie 
acu'ta,  F.  aeu'ta  tanguin'ea,  F.  con'tinent,  F. 
continent  non  pu'trida,  F.  angioten'ica,  F.  ttkeni- 
ca,  F.  tanguin'ea,  Homot'onot,  F.  injlammato'ria, 
Ene'cia  cauma,  Enecia,  F.  ton'ica,  Phlogop'yrut, 
Cauma,  Calentura  continua,  (F.)  Fiivre  araente, 
F.  continente  infiammatoire,  F.  sanguine,  F.  ir- 
ritative, F.  angeiotSnique,  F.  infiammatoire,  Qat- 
tro-entirite  intents,  General  inflammation.  A 
Bpecies  of  continued  fever,  characterized  by  in- 
creased heat;  and  by  quick,  strong,  and  hard 
pulse ;  urine  high-coloured ;  disturbance  of  mind 
slight  It  requires,  of  coarse,  the  most  aotive 
treatment 

Synocha  Rhbumatica,  Rheumatism,  acute-— s. 
Vaccina,  Vaccina. 

SYN'OCHAL,  Synocha' lit ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to,  or  having  the  characters  of,  synocha. 

SYN'OCHUS,  Ene'cia  syn'ochut,  Febrie  lenta, 
(Linnaeus,)  same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  com- 
pounded of  synocha  and  typhus :  —  in  its  com- 
mencement often  resembling  the  former;  in  its 
progress,  the  latter :  Nixed  fever,  Common  con- 
tinued fever,  Syn'ochoid  fever.  See  Continued 
fever,  Fever,  and  Typhus. 

Synochus,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa,  Fever,  gastric, 
Fever,  bilious — s.  Catarrhalis,  Influenza— 8.  Icte- 
rodes,  Fever,  yellow — s.  Impntris,  Synocha — s. 
Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — s.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

6YN0LCE,  Spasm. 

SYNONIA,  Synovia. 

SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY,  Synoeteogra'phia ,  from 
•w,  'with/  oertov,  a  'bone/  and  ypa<pw,  'I  de- 
scribe/ The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes 
the  joints. 

STNOSTEOL'OGY,  Synoeteolog"ia,  from  evv, 
'with/  oertov,  'a  bone/  and  Xoyos,  'a  treatise/  A 
treatise  on  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEO'SIS,  Synotto'tit,  from  evv,  'with,' 
and  nartct, '  a  bone.    Union  by  means  of  bone. 

SYNOSTEOTOMY,  Synotteotom'ia,  from  evv, 
'with/  oertov,  'a  bone/  and  rqtvuv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  joints. 

SYNOSTOSIS,  Synostosis. 

SYNO'VIA,  from  oxv,  'with/  and  uov,  'an 
egg/  Mud  la' go,  Un'guen  articula'ri,  Syno'nia, 
Axun'gia  articula'rit,  Ungnen'tum  sea  Smegma 
articula'ri,  Mucila'go  articulo'rum  sea  Junctura'- 
rum,  Humor  articula'rit,  Hydrarihrut,  Humor  seu 
Hu'midum  nati'vum  sen  Gluten  articulo'rum  (F.) 
Synovie.  A  fluid  resembling  the  white  of  egg, 
which  is  exhaled  by  the  synovial  membranes 
surrounding  the  moveable  articulations.  The 
synovia  has  been  found,  on  analysis,  to  consist 
of  water,  a  little  albumen,  soda,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, phosphate  of  lime,  and — Foarcroy  fancied 
— urio  acid.  Its  use  is  to  lubricate  the  joints,  and 
the  sheaths  in  which  tendons  play. 

SYNO'VIAL,  Synovia'lit.  That  which  relates 
to  the  synovia. 

Synovial  Glands,  Havert*e  Glands,  Oland'ula 
artieula'ree,  0.  Synovia' Us,  O.  Havertia'nee,  are 
the  secretory  fringes,  which  float  in  the  interior 
of  the  synovial  capsules  (see  Capsules.)  Tbej 
do  not  seem  to  be  glandular.    They  have  beso 


STV0V1T1B 


836 


STRDTGI 


called  Syno'nial  flm'bria,  (F.)  Frangee  eynovi. 
ale*. 

SYNOVITIS ;  from  Synovia,  and  trts,  a  ter 
mination  denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly 
compounded,  applied  at  timet  to  " 
•f  the  synovial  membrane. 

8 TK OTITIS    RflXUMAYlSMALIS,    Bl 

(acute* 

SYN'TASIS,  9wrran{,  from  evrrtiww,  (999,  and 
tu**,  *  I  stretch/)  '  I  strain.'  Tension  of  parts : 
hence  nrrart**,  are  medicines  which  render  parts 
tenne.  Syntcjcfie,  on  the  other  hand,  means  Colli- 
qua'tio,  or  wasting  of  the  body;  from  nrrnKm, 

*  I  melt  together.' 

SYXTAXIS,  Articulation,  Reduction,  Taxis— 
s.  3errata,  see  Suture. 

SYNTECOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

BYNTECTYCOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTENO'SIS,  from  evw,  'with/  and  row, 
'a  tendon.'  A  species  of  articulation  in  which 
two  bones  are  joined  by  means  of  tendon ;  as  the 
sesamoid  bones  with  the  toes,  the  rotula  with  the 
tibia,  Ac. 

SYNTERE8IS,  Prophylaxis. 

6YNTERETICUS,  Prophylactic 

SYNTEXIS,  Colliquation,  Consumption. 

6YNTHENA.  A  term  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  a  species  of  epilepsy,  accompanied 
by  oardialgia  and  tormina. 

SYN'THESIS,  Beu'nio,  'composition  or 
patting  together/  from  ov»,  and  rt&ijui,  *  I  place.' 
A  surgical  operation,  whioh  consists  in  uniting 
parts  that  are  divided ;  and  approximating  such 
as  are  separated  or  distant  from  each  other,  Re- 
u'nio  par'tium  separata'rum,  Syn' thesis  of  con- 
tinu'ity,  means  the  union  of  the  edges  of  a  wound, 
or  the  approximation  of  the  extremities  of  a  frac- 
tured bone.  Synthesis  of contiguity  is  the  reduc- 
tion of  displaced  organs;  as  in  eases  of  hernia 
and  luxations. 

Synthesis,  Composition. 

SYNTHETIS'MUS,  same  etymon.  The  ag- 
gregate of  operations  and  means  for  reducing  a 
fracture,  and  maintaining  it  reduced: — compris- 
ing extension,  counter- extension,  coaptation,  and 
bandaging. 

SYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

8YNTRIPSIS,  Contritio. 

8YNTR0PH0S,  Connutritus. 

8YNULOSIS,  Cicatriiation. 

SYNULOTICA,  Cioatrisantia. 

6YNUSIA,  Coition. 

SYNYME'NESIS^ynAyme'nem^yntme'nem, 
from  9vv,  *  with/  and  '171*7*, '  a  membrane.'  Union 
of  bones  by  membrane,  as  in  the  ease  of  the 
bones  of  the  head  in  the  foetus. 

Synymenesis,  Syndesmosis. 

3YPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SYPHILIDES,  Syphili'da,  (P.)  Dermo-typAf- 
lides,  Dermatosies  vtroleuses.  Same  etymon  as 
Syphilis.  The  cutaneous  eruptions  that  accom- 
pany constitutional  syphilis  are  so  denominated 
by  the  French  writers. 

SYPHILIDIA'TER,  Syphilidia'tnu,  from  Sy- 
philis,  and  tarpoft  *  a  physician.'  A  pox  doctor. 
One  who  occupies  himself  in  treating  syphilis. 

8YPHILIDOMANIA,  Syphilomania, 

SYPHYLIPHO'BIA;  from  Syphilis  and  fo0os, 

*  dread/  A  morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving  rise 
to  fancied  symptoms  of  the  disease :  a  form  of  hy- 
pochondriasis. 

SYPH'ILIS,  Morbus  OaVUcus,  Siphilxs,  Sy- 
philis? mue,  Cachex'ia  venerea,  Cachochym'ia  Ye- 
ue'rea,  Malum  venereum,  Mor'bus  Ital'ieus,  M. 
Jlispan'icus,  Puden'dagra,  Lues,  Me'vium,  Lues 
•nue'^ea,  Lues  syphilis,  Morbus  aphrodis'ius,  Sy- 1 


pkilit  venerea,  8.  maligna,  Morhms  JTniifti'i 
Morbus  In'dieus,  Paturna,  BaeOi/ewm,  Bsa.  S<4- 
oma  Gallo'rmm;  Vener+nl,  Vemerml  Mm.  F*. 
French  Pox;  (F.)  Terole,  Maiadi*  ««-.-»«. 
Mai  de  NapUe,  Mai  Franeaie,  Mmlmdie  is  Y.u*. 
The  etymology  of  syphilis  is  nmknowa.  S^a* 
consider  it  to  proceed  from  wwt,  'a  b^:'  tzi 
others,  from  m\^tf — formed,  by  eoatractioc.  Jri 
<nxa\o<t  '  shameful/  'dirty/  Ac.  It  is  aa  d--- 
tious  disease,  communicable  by  coition,  cr  hj  -n 
contact  of  parts  that  are  only  fined  vita  t  ±1 
epidermis;  as  the  lips,  nipple,  Ac.  It  pn*n.T 
makes  its  first  appearance  by  a  chaacre.  t-L.*»: 
sooner  or  later  by  a  bubo.  The  chaacre  iiij-«- 
mary  symptom  or  sore;  but  there  ait  ::<i 
which  are  secondary  or  constitutional  I:--* 
are:  —  ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper  -  t*.  -jt* 
blotches  on  the  skin ;  pains  in  the  bones.  £••*$. 
Ac. :  the  last  are  sometimes  termed  Urtia^  ;-»• 
nomena.  The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  U.n. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  :-•• 
Eutope  from  America,  at  the  end  of  tb*  V.± 
century  [?].  Its  progress  is  extremely  titV  \ 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  mli&  :■•-- 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteend  ;:* 
best  remedy,  but  the  disease  admits  of  esrevri- 
out  it  Almost  every  antisypbilitic  comfW  "- 
whose  use  is  attended  with  success,  probsblj  <*«- 
tains  mercury  united  with  diaphoretic*  or  riff 
medicines.  It  is  generally  sufficient  to  k*r  '■* 
mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight  for  the  cure  of  cbai^n. 
for  venereal  sore  throat,  and  other  reeeni  **.•> 
tutional  symptoms,  eight  or  ten  weeks  vu  s 
required ;  and,  of  course,  a  longer  time,  if  tk* 
symptoms  have  persisted  longer.  Someca* 
after  mercury  has  been  given  for  a  time,  i* 
symptoms  continue  stationary ;  and  do  not  ry 
until  the  mercury  has  been  discontinued.  ui 
tonics  and  eutrophics  have  been  admini.*:^- 
The  preparations  of  iodine  have  been  much  c*i 
of  late,  in  the  revcllent  treatment  of  tail  *>** 

Syphilis  Inoica,  Frambeesia. 

Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis,  Lues  Sypku'** 
Pseudo-syphilis.  A  term  given  to  ulcers  or  i-ttff 
affections  that  resemble  syphilis,  but  sw  «*- 
terminate  in  their  character,  —  the  stdb?*** 
being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  sod  w* 1 
yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the  use  ©f  t"~  -s 
change  of  air,  Ac.  The  condition  had  not  }*->- 
at  all  well  defined.  The  Sicrcns,  Badesjft,  1:. 
have  been  referred  to  this  head. 

SYPHILISMUS,  Syphilis. 

SYPHILOG'RAPHER,  from  tw»i«>,» 
ypa<p»f  *  I  describe.'    A  writer  on  syphilif. 

SYPHILOID,  Syphiloi'dee;  frost  •fP*"'* 
and  tdoi,  *  resemblance.'  Resembling  rjpA^-'~" 
as  '  a  syphiloid  affection.' 

SYP'HILOMA'NIA,  Syphilidoma'm*.-rt 
garly,  Noddle  Pox.  A  mania,  with  which  «^ 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  Okc- 
selves  to  antivencreal  treatment,  under  thes^c* 
that  they  are  affected  with  syphilis. 

8YPHITA,  Somnambulism. 

6YPH0AURICULARIS,  Oteachytea 

SYPHON,  see  Siphon. 

SYRIGMOPHO'NIA,  from  evscyaKi  '»** 
ling/  and  <fn*v>if  *  voice,'  A  piping  state  si  ^ 
voice. 

SYRIGMUS,  Tinnitus  anrium, 

SYRINGA,  Eustaohian  Tube,  Fistals,  Sn^ 
Trachea. 

St  ri  if  a  A  Clysmattca,  Syringe,  (Clyster.^ 

Syrih'oa  Yuloa'ris,  Lilae  vulgaris,  0*** 
Lilac  The  leaves  and  fruit  are  bitter  sof  ***: 
what  acrid,  and  have  been  used  as  a  teak  u- 
antiperiodic  . 

SYRINGE,  Syrinx,  Syrin'ga,  Siflc  Sp**: 
cuius,  Squirt,  (F.)  Serimgue,  from  euftyit  **rr* 


SYMNGICUS 


m 


SYRUPUS 


A  familiar  apparatus  through  which  any  liquor 
is  squirted. 

Various  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Syrihgb,  Clyster,  Syrin'ga  clysmafica,  Cly- 
$antli'um,  (F.)  Clysopompe.  A  syringe  for  ad- 
ministering clysters. 

Syringe,  Cupping,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 

SYRINGICUS,  Fistulous. 

SYRINGI'TIS,  EUSTA'CHIT,  Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SYRINGODES,  Fistulous. 

SYRINQOTOME,  Syringot'omus,  Syringo?- 
omum,  from  owptyf,  'a pipe/  'a  fistula,'. and  npvtiv, 
'to  cut'  A  surgical  instrument,  formerly  used 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  in  ano.  It  is  a  bis- 
touri,  concave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated  by  a 
long,  flexible,  probe-pointed  stylet.  This  stylet 
or  probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  external 
opening  of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum,  whence  it 
was  drawn  externally  through  the  anus,  carrying 
with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the  instrument,  which 
divided  the  intermediate  parts.  The  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano  has  been  called  Syringotomy. 

SYRINGOT'OMY,  Syringotom'ia.  Bame  ety- 
mon as  the  last.  The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano 
by  incision. 

SYRINX,  Eustachian  tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea — s.  Hiera,  Vertebral  column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  <rw/via«{«,  'I  evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYR  OP,  Syrup  — 0.  a?  Ail,  Syrupus  allii—*. 
tCArmoise  compost,  Syrupus  aromaticus — '«.  de 
Chicorie  compost,  Syrupus  de  eichorio  compositus 
— *.  dee  Cinq  racines,  Syrupus  e  quinque  radici- 
bus  —  9.  de  Cuieinier,  Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  et 
senna  compositus  — 0.  d 'Ether,  Syrupus  cum 
se  there  sulphurico  paratus — 0.  de  Gingembre,  Sy- 
rupus zingiberis — 0.  de  Guimauve,  Syrupus  althaea) 
— -0.  de  Longue  vie,  Mellitum  de  merouriali  00m- 
positum  — 0.  de  Mercure,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
xnediante  gum  mi — 0.  de  Mures,  Syrupus  mori — 0. 
de  Nerprun,  Syrupus  rhamni  —  0.  de  Pavots 
blancs,  Syrupus  papaveris  —  0.  de  Pommes  com- 
pose*, see  Syrupus  senna  —  0.  de  Quinquina  avee 
le  Vin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina  cum  vino  —  0.  de 
Roses  pdles,  Syrupus  rosae  —  0.  de  Rotes  rouge*, 
Syrupus  rosae — 0.  de  Vinaigre,  S.  aceti. 

SYRUP,  Sirup,  Syr'upus,  Serapi'um,  Scrape* - 
um,  (F.)  Syrop  ;  derived,  according  to  some,  from 
rvpu,  '  I  draw/  and  onot,  'juice  /  but  more  pro- 
bably, from  the  Arabic  Siruph,  Sirab,  or  Scharab, 
which  signifies  '  a  potion/  A  saturated  solution 
of  sugar  in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with 
some  vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrups,  in 
general,  require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint, 
and  they  are  judged  to  be  sufficiently  boiled  when 
a  portion,  taken  up  in  a  spoon,  flows  like  oil. 
In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
it  is  directed,  that  syrups,  whose  density  is  not 
precisely  determined  by  the  process,  should  have 
the  s.  g.  1.261,  when  boiling,  and  of  about  1.319 
at  ordinary  temperatures.  Syrups  should  be  kept 
in  small  bottles  in  a  cool  place.  They  are  chiefly 
used  to  render  medicines  palatable.  See  Syrupus 
simplex. 

Syrup,  see  Syrupus  —  s.  of  Almonds,  Syrupus 
amygdalae — s.  Antiscorbutic,  Syrupus  antiscorbu- 
ticus  —  8.  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rhamni  —  s.  of 
Capillaire,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of  Cin- 
chona with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kind  kina  cum  vino 
—  s.  of  Citric  acid,  Syrupus  acidi  citric!  —  s.  of 
Clove  July  flower,  Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri  — 
s.  of  Clove  pinks,  Syrupus  Caryophylli  rubri  — 
1.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum  aethere  sulphurico  pa- 
ratus— s.  of  Five  roots,  Syrupus  e  quinque  radi- 
ribuft— s.  of  Garlic,  Syrupus  allii— s.  of  Ginger, 


Syrupus  zingiberis  —  s.  of  Gum  Arabic,  Syrupus 
acacise — s.  Hive,  Syrupus  scillae  compositus  —  s. 
of  Honey,  Mellitum  simplex — s.  of  Iodide  of  iron, 
Liquor  Ferri  iodidi — s.  of  Ipecacuanha,  Syrupus 
ipecacuanha©  —  8.  of  Lemon,  Syrupus  limonis  — 
s.  of  Marshmallows,  Syrupus  althaeas — s.  of  Mea- 
dow saffron,  Syrupus  colcbici  autumnalis  -*-  s.  of 
Mug  wort,  compound,  Syrupus  aromaticus — s.  of 
Mulberries,  Syrupus  mori — s.  of  Orange  juice,  see 
Syrupus  aurantii  —  8.  of  Orange  peel,  Syrupus 
aromaticus  —  s.  of  Orgeat,  Syrupus  amygdalae  — 
8.  of  Poppies,  Syrupus  papaveris — s.  of  Poppy, 
red,  Syrupus  rhoeados  —  8.  of  Rhatany,  Syrupus 
krameriae  —  s.  of  Rhubarb,  Syrupus  rhej —  s.  of 
Rhubarb,  aromatio,  Syrupus  rhei  aromaticus — 8. 
of  Rhubarb,  spiced,  Syrupus  rhej  aromaticus  — 
s.  of  Saffron,  Syrupus  croci  —  8.  of  Squills,  Syru- 
pus scillae — e.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillae 
compositus  —  s.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupus 
de  eichorio  compositus — s.  of  Tolu,  Syrupus  tolu- 
tanus  —  s.  of  Vinegar,  Syrupus  aceti  —  s.  of  Vio- 
lets, Syrupus  violae — s.  of  Wild  cherry  bark,  Sy- 
rupus Pruni  Virginianae. 

SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex. 

Sybupub  Aca'ci.*,  Syrup  of  Gum  Arabic,  (Aca- 
cia Jij,  Sacchar.  §xv,  Aq.  fjviij.  Dissolve  the 
gum  in  the  water;  add  the  sugar,  and  strain. 
Ph.  U.  S.)    A  good  pectoral  syrup.   Dose,  f  5Jj  to 

Syrupus  Ace'ti,  S.  AeT,idi  Aceto'si,  Syrup  of 
Vinegar,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Vinaigre.  (Aceti  Oiiss, 
sacch.  purif.  tbiiiss.  Boil  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
E.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  antisoptio.  Dose,  f3j 
to  f3U. 

Syrupus  Acidi  Acetosi,  S.  aceti. 

Syrupus  Ac"idi  Cit'rici,  Syrup  of  Citric  Acid. 
(Acid,  citric,  pulv.  gij  ;  01.  Limon.  Tl\,iv  j  Syrup. 
Oij.  Rub  the  acid  and  oil  with  an  ounce  of  the 
syrup;  add  the  rest  of  the  syrup,  and  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  heat  Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  Syrupus  Limonis. 

Syrupus  cum  ^E'tbebE  Sulphu'rico  Para- 
tus, Syrup  of  Ether,  (F.)  Sirop  oVither.  (Very 
pure  sugar,  1000  p. ;  distilled  water,  500  p. ;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain ;  add  sulphuric  ether, 
48  p.  Shake  for  five  or  six  days,  and  draw  off 
the  limpid  syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  like  those 
of  ether. 

Syrupus  Ai/lA,  Syrup  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
oVaiL  (Allii  recent,  concis.  £v),  acet.  destiUaU 
Oj,  sacchar.  H)ij.  Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vi- 
negar, in  a  glass  vessel,  for  four  days ;  then  ex- 
press the  liquor  and  set  it  by,  that  the  dregs  may 
subside;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  liquor, 
and  proceed  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Use,  same  as  that  of  garlic  I)ose, 
f £  to  f #v. 

Syrupus  Althje'js,  Syrup  of  Jfarshmallow, 
Syrupus  ex  Altha'd,  &  de  Althad,  S.  Althaa 
officinalis,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Guimzzve.  (AlthcecB 
rad.  recent,  cont.  Ibss,  sacch.  pur.  roy,  aqua  Oiv. 
Boil  the  root  in  the  water  to  one- half,  and  press 
out  the  liquor;  when  cold,  defecate;  add  the  su- 
gar, and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Emollient  and  demul- 
cent.    Dose,  f gj  to  fSfiij. 

Syrupus  Amomi  Zingiberis,  S.  zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Amyo'dal^,  Syrup  of  Almonds,  Sy- 
rup of  Orgeat,  Orgeat.  (Amygdal.  dulc.  Ibj, 
amygdal.  amar.  Jiv,  aqua,  Oiij,  sacchar.  lbvj. 
Blanch  the  almonds,  and  rub  them  in  a  mortar 
to  a  very  fine  paste,  adding,  during  the  tritura- 
tion, three  fluidounces  of  the  water,  and  a  pound 
of  the  sugar.  Mix  the  paste  thoroughly  with  the 
remainder  of  the  water;  strain  with  strong  ex- 
pression ;  add  the  remainder  of  the  sugar  to  the 
strained  liquor,  and  dissolve  it  with  the  aid  of  a 
gentle  heat.  Strain  the  syrup  through  fine  linen, 
and  having  allowed  it  to  cool,  put  it  into  bottles 


STRUPUS 


838 


SYBTJPUS 


which  must  be  well  stopped,  and  kept  in  a  oool 
place.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

8trupu8  Axticauboticus,  see  Anticausodie. 

Strupus  Antiscorbu'ticus,  S.  de  Armora'ciA 
compositus,  Antiscorbutic  Syrup.  (Leave*  of 
cochlcaria,  buckbean,  water-crease*,  hone-radish 
root  and  bitter  oranges,  each  lbj,  cinnamon,  Jiss. 
Cut,  and  pour  on  white  wine  Ibiv.  Macerate  for 
two  days ;  distil  over  Oj  in  a  sand-bath ;  add  to 
this  of  sugar,  Ibij,  and  form  a  syrup.  Again, 
take  what  remains  in  the  cucurbit:  pass  it 
through  cloth ;  let  it  rest;  decant,  and  add  sugar 
Ibij ;  make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  white 
of  egg.  Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
Ph.  P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic,  stoma- 
chic, Ac.    Dose,  fgu  to  fgij. 

Syr u pu 8  Aromat'icus,  &  de  Artemis' id  com- 
positus, Compound  Syrup  of  Mugwort,  (F.)  Syrop 
d*armoi*e  composi.  ( Tope  of  artetnieia  vulgaris, 
in  flower,  J  vj,  inula  root,  ligutticum  levisticum, 
and  fennel,  each  £bb,  pennyroyal,  catmint,  eavine 
leave*,  each  3vj,  marjoram,  hyssop,  pyrethrum, 
rue,  baril,  each  Jiij,  aniseed  and  cinnamon,  each 
Xix ;  bruise  and  macerate  in  hydromel  ftxviij ; 
distil  over  Oss;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  sugar. 
Again,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cucur- 
bit, strain  it  gently ;  and  add  *ugar  Ibiv.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)    Tonio,  emmenagogue,  Ac. 

Strupus  de  ArxoraciI  Compositus,  S.  anti- 
scorbuticus — s.  de  Artemisia  compositus,  8.  anti- 
soorbutious — s.  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Syrupu8  Aurar'tii,  S.  Aurantio1 'rum,  S.  Oitri 
Aurantii,  S.  Cor'tici*  Aurantii,  S.  Aurantii  Cor- 
tici*  (Ph.  U.  S.),  S.  e  Cortic"ibu*  Aurantio* rum, 
8.  de  Cortici  Aurantio' rum,  Syrup  of  Orange 
peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  conk  3y,  aq.ferv.  Oj,  sacch. 
Ibijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic 
Dose,  fjj  to  f gij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupu*  e  succo  Aurantiorum,  may  be  made  by  add- 
ing white  sugar  Ibij  to  lbj  of  the  juice  of  oranges, 
•trained  and  clarified. 

6trupus  Balsamicu8,  S.  tolutanus. 

Strupus  Cartophtl'li  Rubri,  S.  Dianthi 
Caryophylli,  Syrup  of  Clove  July  flower,  Syrup 
of  Clove  Pink*,  Syrupu*  infnsio'nia  fiorum  cary- 
ophyllo'rum.  (Petalorum  dianth.,  caryoph.  re- 
cent, unguibus  resectis  B>j,  aqua  bulL  Oiv,  sacch. 
purif.  Ibvij.    Ph.  E.)    Aromatic. 

Strupus  Cassije  Senile,  S.  sennas. 

Strupus  be  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  S.  de 
Hheo,  Compound  Syrup  of  Succory,  (F.)  Syrop  d* 
chicorie  compose".  (Hoot  of  succory  5vj,  leaves 
of  euccory  Jtx,  leaves  of  fumitory  and  acolopen- 
drium,  each  ^iij,  Alkekengi  berries  Jij.  Boil  in 
water  Oxiv  to  Oxij :  pass  through  cloth,  and  dis- 
solve in  white  sugar  lb  v.  .Boil  till  it  has  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup.  Again,  take  water  Oviij,  rhu- 
barb Jvj,  yellow  saneiers  and  cinnamon,  each  Jss. 
Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours ;  pass  through  linen, 
and  add  the  preceding  syrup.  Ph.  I\)  It  is 
laxative  and  stomachic.    Dose,  fgj  to  fjss. 

Strupus  Cihchojub  cum  Vino,  S.  de  kind  kl 
cum  vino. 

Strupus  Cincho'iils,  Syrup  of  Cincho'uia. 
(Simple  syrup  one  pound ;  eulphate  of  cinchonia 
nine  grains.  Mix.)  Six  spoonfuls  are  commonly 
sufficient  to  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Strupus  Citri  Aurantii,  S.  aromaticns. 

Strupus  Col'chici  Autumk a'us,  S.  Colchici, 
Syrup  of  Meadow  Saffron.  (Had.  colch.  autumn, 
recent.  £j,  acidi  acetoei  f^xvi,Mcca.  pur.  ^xxvj. 
Macerate  the  root  in  the  vinegar  for  two  days, 
occasionally  shaking  the  vessel ;  then  strain,  with 
gentle  expression*  T^  cne  strained  fluid  add  the 
sugar,  and  boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Diuretic, 
•ntiarthritio.    Dose,  f33  to  f gss,  or  more. 


I  kin* 


Strupus  Corticis  AuRAirrn,  8.  aronsnev- 
s.  Citri  mediae,  S.  limonum — s.  e  Saceo  db»> 
nam,  8.  limonum. 

Strupus  Croci,  Syrup  of  Saffron.  (CVwi 
stigmat.  Jj,  aqua  fervent.  Oj,  •aetLpmrif.  ftiia 
Ph.  L.)    Cardiac     Chiefly  used  for  colouring. 

Strupus  Diacodion,  Diaoodion— s.  Diutsi 
Caryophylli,  S.  caryophylli  rubri 

Strupus  Emeti'k^k,  Syrup  of  Em'etinc  [Sim. 
pie  syrup  lbj,  emetine  10  gr.  J  In  small  doses,  ex- 
pectorant; and  in  large,  emetic 

STRUPU8  EMPTREUMA«CUS,MelaS8€*— 3.POT 

iodidi,  Liquor  Fcrri  iodidi — s.  Hydrargrri,  Sm- 
pus  de  mercurio  median te  gummi — s.  iDfiwi-u 
florum  caryt)phyllonim,SyrupuacarjophyUirebri 

Strupus  Ipbcacuak'h m,  Syrup  of  Ip*xna- 
ha.  (Ipecac,  in  pulv.  crass.  5j»  alcohol  dilsi  (& 
eacchar.  lbiiss,  aqua  q.  s.  Macerate  the  ipetaa- 
anha  in  the  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  filter.  In- 
porate  the  Altered  liquor  to  6  fluidoract*.  W& 
filter,  and  add  sufficient  water  to  make  tie  li^ci 
measure  a  pint;  add  the  sugar,  and  evaporate  ty 
a  water-bath  to  a  proper  consistence.  />*>  I'.ii 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement 

Syrupus  de  Jalap' a,  Syrup  of  Jalap  (Wt 
JalapajZx,  etnu  coriandr.,famicuL  dulc.  il  3*'' 
aqua  f ^xijss,  eacch.  gxxr.  Ph.  P.)  Cats*** 
Dose,  f^ij  to  f  iss  for  children. 

Strupus  de  Kurl  Krai,  cum  Vno,  S.  CwV 
na  cum  vino,  Syrup  of  Cinchona  Kith  ««.,?•' 
Syrop  de  quinquina  avee  I*  vin.  (Oort.ti**'** 
officinalis  ^ij,  ext.  cinchona  £vjt  tini  «fl»  1  J* 
Lunel.  vel  cujuevi*  ei  eimili*,)  Oj,  afcsW.>8» 
.985,  to  .915.)  f  J,  tacchar.  alb.  Ibiss.  Br^w 
the  cinchona  ,*  gradually,  add  the  alcohol,  «  * 
to  form  a  soft  mass ;  pour  on  the  wine ;  miftna 
for  two  days,'  and  strain.  Dissolve  the  ei;r*i. 
add  the  sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Ph.  P.)  D«A 
fgss  to  fgj. 

Strupus  Kra«'ri^,  Syrup  of  Rk*t**+  'M 
Kramer,  gij,  aqua  Oj,  *aechar.  Tbijtt.  V\*n 
the  extract  in  the  water,  and  filter;  then  addthe 
sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.  It  "*J 
also  be  made  by  displacement  from  Krsma*  a 
pulv.  crass,  lbj,  eacchar.  lbiiss ;  aq.  q.  a]  i> 
adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures ;  or  given  is  diar- 
rhoea,  a  tea-spoonful  to  a  ohild. 

Strupus  Limonis,  S.  Limonum— s.  Sneci  titf» 
nis,  S.  limonum. 

Strupus  Lmo'HUir,  8.  limonis,  (Ph,  r.S. *& 
citri  med'ica,  8.  e  succo  citro'num,  &  c  mcw  Um  • 
num,  &  sued  limo'ni*,  Syrup  of  Lemo*y  I*** 
Syrup.  (Linton,  suoc.  colai.  Oi,  soccto".  9> 
Coohng,  antiseptic. 

Strupus  s  Mecokio,  S.  papaTerii  —  t-  * 
Melle,  Mellitum  simplex. 

Strupus  de  Mercu'rio  MeduiKtI  6rrfl 
Mercufrttpjgummo'susPl«nck,ii,Syrupu*H)Jr*r- 
gyri,  (F.)  Syrop  de  tnercure  ou  Mercurt  gv*»«* 
de  Plenck.  (Hydrargvri  pur.  Xj,  p  «■■•  «t 
ct<t,  yiij,  tyrup  diacod.  %ss.  Kab  together  ft* 
the  mercury  is  extinguished.  PA.  P.)  ?#*** 
the  properties  of  the  blue  pilL  Dose,  gr-  ij B 
viij,  or  more. 

Strupus  Mori,  &  •  mtceo  moro'rum,  S.  *«» 
mori,  Syrup  of  Mulberries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  ■»•* 
(Mori  suet,  colat  Oj,  sacchar.  purif.  Ibg.  PL  k ' 
Gratofally  refrigerant 

Strupus  e  Sdgco  Mororuk,  S.  mori. 

Strupus  Morph'l*  Aceta'tis,  Syr*?  ♦/  ^ 
tate  of  morphia.  (Syrup,  one  pint,  *ttt*t<  y 
morphia,  gr.  iv.)  Dose,  two  tea-spooafnU,  *  tf 
opiate.  It  is  about  the  strength  of  &<  **** 
quantity  of  syrup  of  poppies.  .   . 

Strupus  Morpbxc  Solpha'txs  isms4«utM 
same  way. 

Syrdpus  Niger,  Melasses.  .  . 

Sybdpus  Papav'eris,  S.pap*wtrw  •*»¥** 


SYRUPUS 


880 


SYRUPUS 


8.  papaveris  albi,  8.  e  msco'nio,  8.  de  nteconio, 
Diaco'dion,  Syrup  of  poppies,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  blancs  ou  diacode.  (Papav.  capsuL  exsiccat 
et  oontns.  exemptis  seminibus,  3Ilv»  •acch.pur. 
fbij,  aq.  fervent  oong.  ijss.  Macerate  the  cap* 
sules  in  water  for  12  hours ;  boil  to  a  gallon,  and 
express  strongly.  Boil  the  liquor  to  OiJ;  and 
strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and  boil  to 
Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  form  a  syrup.  Ph.  L.) 
One  ounoe  contains  about  one  grain  of  opium. 
Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dublin  college  has  a  Srnupus  Opti,  called 
Common  Syrup  of  Poppies,  which  is  made  by  dis- 
solving 18  grains  of  the  Watery  Extract  of  Opium 
In  18  ounoes  of  boiling  water.  Properties,  those 
of  opium  and  syrup. 
Syrupus  de  Pap  AVER!  Erratzoo,  S.  rhoeados 
-s.de  Pomis  oompositus,  see  S.  aennee. 


Syrupus  Protb*,  see  Protea  mellifera.  Syru'- 
pu§  Pruni  Virginia'na,  Syrup  of  Wild  cherry 
bark.  (Pruni  Virginia,  in  pulv.  crass.  £y,  sae- 
char.  Ibij,  Aqua  q.  s.  Moisten  the  bark  with 
water;  let  it  stand  for  24  hours;  transfer  it  to  a 
peroolator;  pour  water  gradually  upon  it,  until  a 
pint  of  filtered  liquor  has  passed.  Add  the  sugar 
in  a  bottle,  aud  dissolve  by  agitation.  Ph.  U.  S., 
1851.)  Dose,  as  a  demuloent  expectorant,  f  JJj 
to  f  3itf. 

Syrupus  Qui'hls,  Syrup  of  Quinia.  (Simple 
•yrup,  2  pints,  sulphate  of  quinia,  64  grains.)  Six 
spoonfuls  are  commonly  sufficient  to  arrest  an  in- 
termittent. 

6trupu8  b  Quttiqub  Radi'cibus,  Syrup  of  five 
roots,  (F.)  Syrop  dee  cinq  raoinee.  (Bad.  apii, 
fomiculi,  apii  pebroseUni,  &&  £v.  Infuse  for  24 
hours  in  boiling  water  Oiisa,  and  strain.  Bad. 
aeparag.,  rued  aculeati,  aa  gv,  aqua,  Ovy.  Boil 
and  reduoe  to  half;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  preceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes ;  strain,  and  add  white  sugar,  Ibvj. 
Ph.  P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery ;  and  in 
dropsy,  Ac    Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  Jj,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rhahut,  8.  Rhamni  eaihar'tict,  S.  de 
Spind  cervi'nd,  S.  spina  eervi'na,  Syrup  of  Buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Syrop  de  nerprun.  (Bhamn.  baccar. 
succ  recent.  Oiv,  eingib.  rad.  ooncis.,  pimenta 
bacc.  contrit,  U  gss,  sacch.  purif.  lbiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  3  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento;  macerate  for 
4  hours,  and  strain ;  boil  what  remains  to  Oiss. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to  form  a 
syrup.  Ph.L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to  gripe.  Dose, 

f3ivtof3y- 

Syrupus  Rhbj,  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Bhei,  in 
pulv.  crass.  gtf;  Alcohol,  Oss;  Aqua  Oiss;  sac- 
char.  Ibij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and  water;  pour  f  Jiv 
on  the  rhubarb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand, 
and  allow  the  whole  to  stand  four  hours ;  put  the 
mass  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually  pour  on  the 
remainder  of  the  alcohol  and  water.  By  means 
of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  to  fjxiij;  add  the 
sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose'to 
a  child,  as  a  laxative,  one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Syrupus  Bhbj  Arohat'ious,  Aromatic  Syrup 
of  Rhubarb,  Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Bhej, 
cont  Jiisa;  Caryophyl.  oont,  Cinnam.  conk  aa 
3 88;  MyrisU  cont  gy;  Alcohol  dilut.  Oij;  Syrvp 
Ovj.  Macerate  the  rhubarb  and  aromatics  in  the 
diluted  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  strain ;  then,  by 
means  of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  liquor  to  a 
pint,  and  while  still  hot,  mix  with  the  syrup  pre- 
viously heated.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made 
by  the  process  of  displacement.        , 

The  aromatic  syrup  of  rhubarb  is  a  gentle  car- 
minative cathartic  Dose  to  a  child,  f  :jj ;  to  an 
•dultpfjj. 


Syrupus  de  Rseo,  Syrupus  de  dehorio  oom- 
positus. 

Syrupus  Rh<s'ados,  S.  de  papav'ere'  errat'ico, 
S.  papaveris  erratiei,  Syrup  of  Bed  Poppy,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  coquelicot  (Bhosad.  petaL  recent.  Ibj, 
aq.  fervent,  f  ^xvttj,  •acch.  purif.  Ibiiss.  To  the 
water,  heated  in  a  water-bath,  add  the  petals. 
Remove  the  vessel ;  macerate  for  12  hours ;  ex- 
press ;  defecate,  and  add  sugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
Ph.  L.)    Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes,  dis- 
solved in  simple  syrup. 

Syrupus  Rosjs,  Syrupus  rosa'rum  soluti'vus, 
S.  e  rosis  sieeis,  S.  rosa  centifo'lia,  S.  rosa'ctne 
soluti'vus,  Syrup  of  Roses,  (F.)  Syrop  de  rose* 
pdles.  (Rosa  cent}/,  petal,  exsioc  gvy,  sacch, 
purif.  Ibvj,  aq.  fervent  Oiv.  Macerate  the  petals 
for  12  hours.  Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 
ibiiss.  Add  the  sugar.  PA.  L.)  Gently  laxative. 
Dose,  f  jy  to  f  gin,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rosa  Gal'licjb,  Syrup  of  Bed  Roses, 
(F.)  Syrop  de  roeee  rouges.  (Boea  Gallic,  petal. 
exsioc  Jvjj,  aqua  bulL  Ov,  sacch.  pur\f.  Ibvj; 
prepared  like  the  last  Ph.  E.)  Mildly  astrin- 
gent   Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 

Syrupus  Sacchari,  S.  Simplex. 

Syrupus  Sarsaparil'la,  Syrup  of  Sarsapa- 
rilla.  (Bad.  Sarsap.  oont  &>j,  aqua  bullient. 
cong.,  sacch.  pnrif  tt>j.  Macerate  the  root  for  24 
hours;  boil  to  Oiv.  Strain  while  hot;  add  the 
sugar,  and  boil.  PA.  L.)   Used  in  the  same  < 


as  the  root    Dose,  f  3J  to  f  Jiv,  and  more. 

Syrupus  de  Sarsaparil'lI  bt  Senha  Com- 
pos'itus, Compound  Syrup  of  Sareaparilla  and 
Senna,  (F.)  Syrop  ds  Cuisinier.  (Bad.  Sarsap, 
concia.  Ibij.  infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  water 
Oxij ;  boil  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour ;  pass  with 
expression,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox  of 
water.  Reduoe  this  to  Ovj,  and  repeat  the  ope- 
ration 2  or  3  times.  Mix  all  the  liquors  and  boil 
them  together  with  Jloujer*  of  borage,  white  roses, 
senna  leaves  and  aniseed,  each  Jij ;  reduce  to  half, 

n,  and  add  honey  Iby.  Boil  to  a  syrup.  PA.  P.) 
j  considered  to  be  alterant,  depurative,  and 
sudorific    Dose,  f  Jss  to  fjij. 

A  similar  syrup,  under  the  name  Syrupus 
SARSAPARii/LiE  Compos'itus,  Compound  Syrup 
of  Sarsaparilla,  is  directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States.  (Sarsaparill.  cont  ibrj ; 
Lign.  guaiac  rasur.  Jiij  ;  Bosa  centifoL,  Senna, 
Olycyrrhix.  oont  &&  Jij ;  01.  Sassafras,  01.  Anisi. 
aS.  m.  v. ;  OL  Qaultheria  m.  ig ;  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Ox. ;  Saechar.  Ibviij.  Macerate  the  sareaparilla, 
guaiacum  wood,  roses,  senna,  and  liquorioe  root 
in  the  diluted  alcohol  for  14  days ;  express  and 
filter.  Evaporate  the  tincture  in  a  warm  bath  to 
four  pints;  filter,  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into 
syrup.  Lastly,  having  rubbed  the  oils  with  a 
small  quantity  of  the  syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly 
with  the  remainder.    PA.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement 

Syrupus  de  Soavmo'kto,  Syrup  of  Seam'mony. 
(Pulv.  Scammon.  2ss,  sacch.  alb.  Jiv.  alcohol. 
(s.  g.  .985  to  .916)  fSvity.  Heat  the  mixture 
moderately :  then  set  fire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper;  agitate  constantly,  until  the  flame 
is  extinguished.  Suffer  it  to  eool ;  pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Syrup  of  Violete,  f£iv.  PA.  P.) 
33  contains  18  grains  of  scammony.  Dose,  f  3J 
tofgss. 

Syrupus  Sciiaa,  S.  seUlWicus,  8.  seilla  ma- 
ritfima,  Syrup  of  Squills.  (Acet.  seilla.  Oj,  sacch. 
Ibij.)  Diuretio,  expectorant,  and  emetic  Used 
in  the  same  cases  as  the  oxymel. 

Syrupus  Scilljb  Compos'itus,  Mel  Settle* 
Compositum,  Compound  Honey  of  Squill,  Com- 
pound Syrup  of  Squill,  Hive  Syrup.     (Seilla 


SYRUPUS 


846 


8YZTGIUK 


eont;  Senega  eont  U  £iv;  Antim.  et  Potassa 
Tart.  gr.  xlviij ;  Aqua  Oivj  Sacchar.  Ibiiiss. 
Pour  the  water  upon  the  squill*  and  seneka,  and, 
having  boiled  to  one-half,  strain  and  add  the 
•agar.  Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and  while 
the  syrup  is  still  hot,  dissolve  in  it  the  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement.   PA.  V.  S. 

It  is  often  given  as  an  emetic  in  cases  of  croup, 
and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children.  Dose,  to 
Infants,  10  drops  to  a  drachm,  repeated  every  15 
minutes,  if  vomiting  be  desirable. 

Syrupus  Sbit'eo*,  Syrup  of  Seneka.  (Senega 
eont  Jiv  i  Aqua  Ojj ;  Sacchar.  H>j.  Boil  the  wa- 
ter with  the  seneka  to  one-half,  and  strain ;  then 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement   Ph.  U.  S. 

This  is  a  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  (?) 
with  many  practitioners.    Dose,  f  3J  or  f  Jij. 

Syrupus  Bruits,  S.  cassia  senna,  Syrup  of 
Senna,  (Senna  3ij,  sent,  famicul.  eont  2j,  eaccL 
pur. ^ xv, aauabullient.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senna 
leaves  and  fennel-seeds  with  a  gentle  heat  for  an 
hour.  Strain ;  add  the  sugar,  and  make  into  a 
syrup.  PA.  U.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  f^ij  to 
f^iss,  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codes  has  a  Syrupus  de  Sennd  of 
a  compound  character,  called  Syrupus  de  pomis 
compos*  itus,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pommee  compose.  It 
contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  Ac  Dose,  f  3ss 
tof^ij. 

Syrupus  Siyplk,  Syrupue  (Ph.  U.  S.),  & 
Sacechari,  Sac'charum  clarijica'tum,  Li  qua' Hum, 
Simple  Syrup,  Syrupf  Common  syrup  of  capiliaire. 
.  (Sacch.  purif.  Ibiiss,  aqua  Oj.  Dissolve  the  sugar; 
I  set  aside  for  24  hours;  remove  the  scum,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to  cover  nauseous 
tastes,  Ac. 

Syrupus  vt  SpinI  CieRTnfA,  Syrupus  rhamni 
—  s.  do  Stceohade  communis,  sec  Lavendula. 

Syrupus  Toluta'nus,  S.  Toluta'ni,  S.  toluif- 
era  bal'sami,  S.  balsam'icus,  BaUam'ic  syrup, 
Syrup  ofjolu.  (Tinct.  Tolut.  fjissj  Aqua  Oj; 
Sacchar.  Ibiiss.  Mix  the  tincture  with  the  sugar 
in  coarse  powder ;  expose  it  on  a  shallow  dish  to 
a  gentle  heat,  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated ; 
pour  the  water  upon  it ;  heat  gradually  until  the 
sugar  is  dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Use- 
to  give  flavour. 

Syrupus  Vi'ol*,  S.  viola  odora'ta,  S.  viola' - 
rum,  S.  e  succo  viola'rum,  Syrup  of  Violet*.  (Flor. 
recent,  viol,  odorat.  Iby,  aq.  bull.  Oviij,  eaeeh.  pur. 
lb xv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  for  24  hours ; 
pass,  without  expression,  through  linen ;  add  the 
sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  PA.  E.)  Very 
gently  laxative.    Dose,  f£j  to  fgij. 

Syrupus  b  Succo  Violarum,  S.  viola. 

Syrupus  Zw gib'bris,  S.  amo'mi  uingibcris,  Sy- 
rup of  Ginger,  (F.)  Syrop  de  gingembre.  (Tinct. 
Zingib.  fjiv;  Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  Ebx.  Mix  the 
tincture  with  four  pounds  of  the  sugar  in  coarse 
powder;  and  expose  it  in  a  shallow  dish  to  a 
gentle  heat  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated. 
Add  the  rest  of  the  sugar,  and  then  the  water  in 
a  oovored  vessel ;  heat  gradually  until  the  sugar  is 
dissolved,  and  strain.  PA.  U.  S.)  To  the  strained 
liquor  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a  syrup. 

N.  B.  The  Parisian  Codex  contained  a  few 
vtaei   compound  syrups  besides  those  enume- 


rated; amongst  these  is  a  Syrup  ofealfth+ 
Syrupue  e  pulmon'ibus  vituli'nis,  (F.)  Sjns  it 
mou  de  veau,  as  an  expectorant 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the  vol 
rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of  the  nWuaai 
after  which  they  are  named. 

SYSPA'SIA,  from  evevam,  (m,  sod  m*  ! 
draw/)  '  I  contract'  Clonic  spaim,  with  tr- 
nished  sensibility  and  inability  of  utterance.  A 
genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  indndes  «:• 
vulsion,  epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

8Y8PA8IA.  CONTULSIO,  ConvuWoB— 8.  If'? 

sia,  Epilepsy  —  s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria, 

SYSSARCO'SIS,  from  evs,  'with/ aid  «( 
'flesh/  Commissu'ra  oeeium  car'nea,SfBp\r' 
ostium  muecula'rie,  Conner' io  oeeium  com  *\ '  "• 
na'tio,  Concama'tio.  Union  of  bones  bt  ww 
of  muscles ;  such  as  the  union  of  the  oa  by-.:** 
with  the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with  theriU,U 

SYSTALCIS,  Systole. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Systal'tieus,  PeruiaVtit'M 
cvvTtKkm,  (•*»,  and  ercXAw,)  'I  contract'  A* 
taltic  motion  in  a  part  is  one  in  which  tier i 
alternate  contraction  and  dilatation.  See?jfi:t 

SYSTAT'ICA,  from  evmernpx,  (m,  and  a-* 
'  I  place/) '  I  associate/  Diseases  affecting  -'- 
ral  or  all  of  the  sensorial  powers  rimnltat^.1 
irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extending  t<  * 
muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the  natf" 
or  external  senses,  extending  to  the  mind:-'-* 
4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Syste'ma,  from  nv,  *  together.'  ct 
ternnh  *  I  place/  This  word,  taken  in  •  r  • 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  srranrea"' ■ 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  etch  ••■&' 
or  working  towards  the  same  end.  In  B*p 
history,  it  means  s,  methodical  amngtnxc^-' 
beings  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  their  »te* 
System  is,  however,  sometimes  used  in  an  ** 
vourable  sense  in  physical  science,  and  **■ 
means,  —  a  purely  gratuitous  suppoatiot.  t? 
which  the  march  of  nature  is  attempted  fc  * 
universally  explained,  and  to  which  ererr  u»J 
is  made  to  bend.  In  anatomy,  system  m  *■  *" 
semblage  of  organs,  composed  of  the  sum  tw* 
and  intended  for  similar  functions;  fori*** 
the  nervoue  system,  muscular  system,  Ac 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  ■cewfecj' 
which  every  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  «r~- 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  redneei  tt*? 
to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Sys'temeMst 

SYS'TEMATIST,  see  Systematisin. 

SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  SyeUmalolef''^ >** 
cwrnua,  'system/  and  \syoi,  'adisconne.'  ltf 
doctrine  or  a  treatise  of  systems. 

systUme  VASCULAJRE 1 SASG  Sfl 
see  Vascular — «.  Vaeculaire  i  saner**?* 
Vascular. 

SYSTEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  gencd  f 
torn  — as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contrMJ*8*' 
tion  to  the  'pulmonic' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Srsriinf  •  •** 
tal'eie,  Constric'tio,  Gontrac'tio ^seaiey^**  ^ 
Submieeio  sen  Mica'tio  cordis.  The  n*"** 
of  constriction  or  contraction  of  the  heart  to  f ' 
impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to  cause  its  proper - 
It  is  opposed  to  the  Diastole  of  the  organ. 

SYS'TOLIC,  Sysiol'icus;  same  etymos.  * 
lating  to  the  systole  of  the  heart,—  *•' *!** 
murmur/ 

SYZYGIUM  NERVORUM,  Par«enon» 


841 


TABES 


T. 


T  Bard  AGE,  T.  fascia,  Fae'cia  T.  formie  sen 
Eeliodo'ri,  Crn'cial  Bandage.  A  bandage  shaped 
like  the  letter  T.  It  consist*  of  a  strip  of  linen, 
of  variable  length  and  breadth,  the  middle  of 
which  is  attached,  at  right  angles,  to  the  extre- 
mity of  another  strip,  also  of  variable  length  and 
breadth.  When  two  snch  strips  are  attached,  at 
a  distance  from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called 
a  double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perineum, 
groin,  anus,  Ac 

T  Fascia,  T  Bandage. 

TAB  A  C,  Niootiana  tabacum — f.  dee  Savoyards, 
Arnica  montana — t.  dee  Voegee,  Arnica  montana. 

TABACUM,  Niootiana  tabacum. 

TABARZET,  Saccharam  album. 

TAB'ASHEER,  Tabaechir,  Tabaxir.  A  sub- 
stance found  in  the  knots  of  the  bamboo,  in  the 
East  Indies,  as  a  consequence  of  a  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  part.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  great 
proportion  of  silicic  acid,  in  combination  with  a 
small  quantity  of  mineral  and  vegetable  matters; 
as  well  as  for  its  slight  refractive  property.  It 
has  been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels.  The 
sweet  juice  of  the  bamboo  stalks  has  also  been 
called  Tabaeheer. 

TABEFACTION,  Emaciation. 

TABEFY,  Emaciate. 

TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabula' tvm,  Lozan'ga, 
Latan'gia,  Morfeulue,  Moreel'lue,  a  lozenge  ;  Tee- 
eel' la,  (F.)  TabUtte,  'a  small  table.'  A  solid 
medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and  mu- 
cilage; and  generally  shaped  like  a  disk.  See 
Pastil,  and  Troch. 

Tabblla,  Table. 

TABELLJB  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabelljb  Ao"idi  Oxal'ict,  T.  ad  eitem,  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid,  (Acid,  oxalic.  3j,  eacch. 
alb.  Spis,  ol.  limonie,  gtt  zviij  vel  gtt  xg.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth. 
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made  in  the  same  way 
with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are  re- 
frigerant 

Tabelljb  de  Altbje'a,  Lotengee  of  Mareh- 
mallow*.  {Bad.  altheta,  pulv.,  £iss,  eacchar.  alb. 
pulv.  ^ivss;  f-  massa.  PA.  P.)  Demulcent;  ex- 
pectorant 

Tabellje  Ahtimohia'les  Kuhckr'lii,  Tabella 
de  etib'ii  eulphur e' to,  Lotengee  of  Sulph'uret  of 
Ant'imony,  Mor'euli  antimonia'Ue,  M.  etibii,  M. 
etibia'ti,  Trochie'ci  etibiati.  {Amygdal.  dulc.  Jj, 
eacch.  toss,  eem.  oardam.,  cinnam.  pulv.,  eulph. 
antim.  pnspar.,  IS.  Jj ;  flant  tabellaB.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  10  grains.)  Recommended  in 
cutaneous  diseases,  blennorrhagia,  arthritic  pains, 
Ac.    Dose,  4  or  more. 

Tabellji  ad  Ardorbm  Vehtriculi,  Trochisci 
carbonatis  caleis — t  Cardialgicse,  Trochisci  car- 
bonatia  caleis. 

Tabelljb  de  Cat'echu  et  Magne'siA,  Lo- 
tengee of  Catechu  and  Magne$iaf  (F.)  Tablettee  de 
cachou  et  de  magnetic.  (P.  catech.  SJvj,  p.  magnet. 
§iv,  p.  cinnam.  ^iij,  eacch.  alb.  loss,  g.  tragac. 
gr.  xij,  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.  ut  t  massa.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  12  gr.)  Antacid,  absorbent,  and 
stomachic.    Dose,  5  to  10  loxenges. 

Tabelljb  Civcho'k  je,  T.  de  kind  kind,  Bark 
Lotengee.  (Ext.  cinchon.  slcc  Jss,  eacch.  Jiv, 
einnam.  Zss,  mucilag.  g.  trag.  q.  g.  ut  £.  massa. 
Ph.  P.)    Tonic 


Tabellji  de  Citro  it  Diaoabthamo,  T.  d« 
Scammonio  et  Senna. 

Tabelljb  de  FerRO,  Steel  lotengee,  Tabulm 
martia'Ue,  T.  inetauran'tee,  T.  antichlorot'ica. 
(Ferri  limaU  porphyrin.  J  88,  p.  cinnam.  £j,  p. 
eacch.  §v,  g.  trag.  et  aq.  cinnam.  q.  c,  ut  fiat 
massa.  Each  losenge  to  weigh  12  gr.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  stomachic.    Dose,  v  to  x. 

Aromatic  lotengee  of  eteel.  These  oonsist  of 
eulphate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tincture  of  Cantharidee. 

TabelljsdeKika  KinI,  T.  cinchonas. 

Tabelljb  de  Magnesia,  P.  abeorbenHee,  Mag- 
neeia  lotengee.  (Magnte.  Jj,  eacchar.  alb.  Jiy, 
mucil.  g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Absorbent  and 
antacid. 


Jss,   eacch.  Xv,  mucilag.  gum.  tragac  q.  s. ; 
massa.    Each  to  contain   12  grains.    Ph.  P.) 


Tabelljb  de  Rheo,  Rhubarb  lotengee.  (P.  rhej 

a   12  grains.    Ph. 
Stomaohio  and  laxative. 

Tabelljb  de  Scammo'nio  et  Sehxa  Compos'- 
itjb,  Compound  lotengee  of  eeammony  and  eenna, 
T.  de  citro  et  diacar'thamo.  (Scammon.  JJUJ, 
Senna  givss,  rhej.  giss,  caruoph.  3J,  corticie 
limon.  con  feet.  §j,  eacch.  Jvj ;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.) 
Purgative.    Dose,  £ij  to  Xvj,  or  more. 

Tabelljb  ad  Site*,  T.  acidi  oxalic! — t  ad 
Sodam,  Trochisci  carbonatis  caleis  —  t  de  Stibii 
sulphureto,  T.  antimoniales  Eunokelii. 

Tabelljb  de  Sul'phurb  Six'plices,  Simple 
eulphur  lotengee.  (Sulphur  lot.  §ss,  eacch.  £iv, 
muc.  g.  tragac.  cum  aqua  rosa  pnepar.  q.  s.  Ph. 
P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  Ac  Used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  a  loienge. 

Tabelljb  de  Sulph'urB  Covpos'itje,  Com- 
pound eulphur  lotengee.  (Sulph.  lot.  gij,  acid, 
benzoic,  gr.  xg,  rad.  irid.  p.  Tss,  ol.  aniei,  gtt 
viij,  eacch:  Jvss,  g.  trag.  q.  8.  Ph.  P.)  Aperient, 
expectorant,  and  stimulant  (?)    Dose,  4  a  day. 

TABERNA  MEDICA,  Pharma  copolium. 

TABES,  Marae'mue  Tabee,  Tabum,  Tab'idneee, 
from  tabere,  'to  consume;'  Te'kedon,  Atropk'ia, 
Decline.  Emaciation  of  the  whole  body,  with 
general  languor,  hectic  fever,  and,  for  the  most 
part,  depressed  spirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis— t  Coxaria,  Ischio- 
phthisis— t  Diabetica,  Diabetes  mellitafl — t  Di- 
uretic*, Diabetes  mellitus. 

Tabes  Dorsa'lis,  T.  Dortua'lie,  Marae'mue 
tabee  dorea'lie,  Phthieie  no'tiae  seu  dorea'lie  sen 
sicca,  Myelophthi'eie,  Myelatroph'ia,  Tabee  oeeie 
eacri.  By  this  term  is  meant  a  wasting  of  the 
body,  attended  at  first  with  a  pain  in  the  back  or 
loins,  and  afterwards  in  the  neck  or  head,— 
caused,  it  has  been  conceived,  by  too  early  or  too 
frequent  addiction  to  venery. 

Tabes  Glandularis,  T.  mesenterica,  Scrofula 
— t  Ischiadic*,  Ischiophthisis — t  Lactea,  Atro- 
phia lactantium,  see  Qalactia. 

Tabes  Mesenter'ica,  Atrophia  meeentert\cat 
Atrophia  Infantum,  A.  glandula'rie,  A.  infanti'- 
lie,  A.  dorei,  Parabye'ma  meeenter'icum,  Ma'ciee 
In  fan' turn,  Pmdatroph'ia,  Tabee  glandula'rie,  T. 
Scrofulo'ea,  Scrofula  meeenterica,  Bachial'gia 
meeenterica,  Myelophthi'eie  eicca,  Febrie  hec'tica 
infantum,  Phthiets  meeara'ica,  Phyeco'nia  me- 
eenterica,  Meeenteri'tie,\Meeenterfic  Dieeaee,  (F.) 
Carreau,  Chartre,  Scrofulee  ou  Mcrouellee  meeen- 
tiriquee,  Etieie  mieentSrique,  Rachialgie  mieentt- 
rique,  Atrophic  mieentirique,  Phyeconie  mteentl- 
rique,  Entero-mteentirite,  Tuberctee  dee  ganglion* 
mieenteriquee,  Phthieie  mietnterique.     An    «B> 


TABBSCBRE 


841 


mhia 


gorgement  and  tubercular  degeneration  of  the 
mesenteric  glands,  followed  by  emaciation  and 
general  disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions.  The 
disease  is  often  owing  to  inflammation  or  irrita- 
tion of  tbe  lining  membrane  of  tbe  intestines, 
giving  occasion  to  enlargement  of  tbe  glands  of 
the  mesentery,  —  as  injury  to  tbe  upper  or  lower 
extremities  causes  inflammation,  and  enlargement 
of  the  lymphatio  glands  of  the  axilla  and  groin. 
It  occurs,  particularly,  in  ohildren  of  a  scrofulous 
diathesis ;  and  in  those  who  are  weaned  too  early, 
or  fed  on  indigestible  substances.  Diarrhoea, 
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate  appetite; 
hardness  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen ;  and,  to- 
wards the  end,  hectio  fever,  are  tbe  chief  symp- 
toms of  this  affection ;  the  prognosis  of  which  is 
usually  unfavourable.  On  opening  the  bodies  of 
those  who  die  of  the  disease,  the  mesenteric 
glands  are  found  disorganized,  tubercular,  or  in 
a  more  or  less  advanced  state  of  suppuration. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  scrophulosis. 
Frictions  may  be  added  over  the  abdomen  and 
tpino ;  and  mercury,  in  small  doses,  so  as  to  ex- 
cite a  new  action  in  the  system.  The  food  must 
be  easy  of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kept 
soluble. 

Tabes  XuTRiouif,  Atrophia  lactantinm,  see 
Galactia — t.  Ossis  sacri,  Tabes  dorsalis — t  Pec- 
torea,  Rachitis — t  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmona- 
lis— t  Scrofulosa,  T.  mesenterioa — t  Senum,  Ma- 
rasmus senilis. 
TABESCERE,  Emaciate. 
TABID,  Tab'idw,  (F.)  Tabid*.    Same  etymon 
as  Tabes.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  tabes. 
Wasted  by  disease. 
TABIDNESS,  Tabes. 

TABLE,  Tab'ula,  TabelVa,  Tabula'tum,  Lam'- 
{no,  Pariei,  Squama*  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  is  external ;  the 
other  internal,  and  called  Tab'ula  vi'trea,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  DE  MORTALITjS,   Mortality, 
bills  of. 
TABLET,  Troohisous. 
TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TABLETTES  DE  CACHOU ET DE  MAC- 
If£siE,  Tabella)  de  catechu  et  magnesia. 
TABLIER,  Ventral e  cutaneum. 
TABOURET,  Thlaspi  bursa. 
TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 
Tabdljb  Ahtichloroticc,  Tabellaa  de  ferro — 
t  Instaurantes,  TabelUe  de  ferro  —  t  Martiales, 
Tabellaa  de  ferro. 
TABULATTJM,  Tabella,  Table. 
TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies,  Tabes. 
TAG,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,    Fagara   octandra— t  Ca- 
mgna,  Caranna. 
TACHE,  Macula. 

TACHE  EMBRYONNAIRE,  'Embryonic 
•pot;'  Cu'mulut,  Qer'minal  cu'mulut,  Cu'mulut 
germinati'vue  sen  prolig"eru9,  A'rea  germinati'va, 
Nu'eleue  cieatric'ula  seu  blastoderm' atia.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Coste  to  a  spot  seen  on  the  blasto- 
derma  about  the  end  of  the  first  week,  from 
which  the  development  of  the  embryo  proceeds. 

According  to  Bischoff,  the  blastodermic  vesicle 
consists  here  of  a  double  layer — the  upper  one 
the  teroue  or  animal;  the  lower,  the  mucous  or 
vegetative;  and  between  these  is  afterwards 
formed  the  vascular  layer, 

TACHE  QERMINATIVE,  see  Molecule— fc 
ste  Natsmance,  Navus. 
TACHENCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 
TACHES  H^PATIQUES,  Chiasm*. 
TACHES  LAITEUSES,   Plaque*  laiituse*, 


*  milky  spots  or  patches.'  White  spota  ©casio. 
ally  seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by  ouj 
pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous  periaria. 

TACHES  DE  ROUSSURB,  Epbelida-t 
Rouges,  Spots,  Red. 

TACHYIA'TER,  Taehgiatruu  SameetyM 
as  the  next     One  who  cures  speedilj. 

TACHYIATRI'A,  from  rujps,  'oik*.'  ■* 
tarpua,  '  healing.'     The  art  of  earing  quietly. 

TACH'YTOMY,  TaehgUm'uu  from  r^» 
'  quick,'  and  ropy,  *  inoiaon.'  The  art  of  cbibsj 
or  operating  rapidly. 

TACITUR'NITY,  Tacitur'nita; &&'&*. 
from  tacere,  'to  be  silent'  'State  of  if*** 
who  does  not  speak.'  Morbid  taeitanritr  «s* 
times  exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  nciratt,  ep* 
cially  of  melancholy. 

TACT,  Tactus,  from  tangere,  taetum/tob*- 
A  modification  of  the  sense  of  tow*.  Paw 
judgment  by  the  cutaneous  nerves  regvdicgs* 
dies  exterior  to  the  skin.  Tact  is  pa»T«:  I** 
active, 

TACTILE,  Tac>tilie;  none  etymon.  Beksj 
or  appertaining  to  touch. 

TACTION,  Touch. 

TACTUS,  Tact,  Toacn— t  Polorifiau,  Hiro- 
dysphoria. 

TJEDA,  Dm;  bait.  A  term  wed  for »  e*& 
cine  employed  under  the  form  of  fumigation,  F* 
sary,  or  troch. 

TM'NIA,  Te'nia,  FaScia,  from  wim,  '»&'• 
a  riband.'  See  Bandage.  Also  a  genual  s%- 
tinal  worms,  characterized  by  an  elongated,  *; 
tened,  and  articulated  body,  with  fonr  sc<*  "A 
oscula  on  the  head.  Of  this  genus,  two  on ;  a- 
habit  the  human  body— the  Tania  *»*«,  (*«> 
thriocephalus  latus,)  and  Tania  »o/ts». 

T^nia  Acbphala,  Bothriocephalic  n**^1 
Anneaux  courts,  Bothriocephalns  lata*-'.  f-J 
neaux  long;  Taenia  solium — t  Artieok-*  *»J 
tens,  Taenia  solium— t  Cucurbitins,  T«n»  •  ~ 
—  t  Dentata,  Bothriocephalns  latai-t^ 
Bothriocephalns  latus  — t  Hippocasipi.  <•*?" 
fimbriata— t  Humana  armata,  Tenia  *bw~k 
Humana  inennis,  Bothriocephalic  la*"*'11?" 
datigena,  Hydatid  — fc.  Lata,  B©toro«f* 
latus— t.  a  Longuee  articulation*,  Ttesi*  **£ 
t  Membranacea,  Bothriocephalns  Its* -t.«* 
vosa  Halleri,  Ganglion  of  Gasser— t 3* J* 
Bothriocephalus  latus— t  Osculis  lsterth*? 
minis,  Bothriocephalus  latus— t  Os£n&  ^ 
bus  solitariis,  Bothriocephalus  Jatal""LI^ 
marginalibns  solitariis,  Taenia  solhim--t  w*» 
8uperficialibus,  Bothriocephalus  lata*— t  r3» 
Bothriocephalus  latus  — *.  Sam  4pm  T*8-** 
Hum — t  Secunda,  Taenia  solium. 

Tjiria  Sbmicircula'rjs,  T.  etna*;** 
centrum  semicirada'ri,  Limb—  P****"*','** 
ris  stria' ti,  Stria*  cor1***  sen  **&***£ 
termina'lee,  Frenulum  novum,  Fasti*  **' 
la'ri;  (F.)  Bandelet*  da  iminenees  fT^Z 
(Ch.),  Bandelette,  B.  demicimdairt,  l**"*^ 
A  medullary,  grayish,  semitranspartnttoy*' A 
ate  in  the  groove  that  separates  the  fr^*^. 
tioufl  from  the  corpus  striatum  in  the  h*1* 
tricle.  w-h.tr 

TiBiriA  So'Lroir,  T.  oe'culi*  ■ntff»»li* 
ta'riie,  Tmnia  cucurbiti'na,  Tmnia  *■*',% 
ma'ta,  Hafueu  eoliumt,  Verm*  c«J»r^  ^ 
Lumbri'cu*  latut,  Tenia  eant  (pi**  "?*  j 
culoe  demiftcne,  So' Hum,  T.  ******£**, 
Umgue*  articulation;  Tenia  d  aune***bf'  ^ 
solitaire,  V.  cucurbitain.  Long  Tf*?^ ,% 
an  almost  hemispherical,  discrete  ***-'•  J+ 
tusebeak;  the  neek  full  anteriorly ;  """JS 
slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior  very  skoit;  **, 
almost  square,  and  the  rest  oblong;  «•  ■**■* 


TJSNLB 


848 


TAPSABEA 


foramina  vaguely  alternated.  The  taenia  toliam 
is  commonly  a  few  feet  long:  sometimes  its 
length  is  enormous.  It  is  said  to  have  been  met 
with  600  feet  long.  It  principally  inhabits  the 
small  intestines,  and  is  not  common.  The  oil  of 
turpentine,  in  some  form,  largely  exhibited,  is 
perhaps  the  best  remedy. 

T*hia  Striata,  T.  semicircularis — t  Tarini, 
Lamina  cornea — t  Tenella,  Bothriooephalus  latus 
— t  Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalic  latns. 

T^NIiE  COLI,  see  Colon. 

TJS'NIAFUGE,  Tamia/'ugum,  from  fcvnta, 
and  fugo,  'I  drive  off.'  A  remedy  calculated  to 
expel  taenia. 

TiENIOLA,  BandeUtte.  Used  by  Gerber  for 
a  simple,  band-like,  or  flat  fibre,  Filum  tania- 
formif  seen  under  the  microscope.   , 

TAFFETAS  AQGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pum  adhaBsivum  —  t.  (FAngleterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adhsDsiyum — t.  tpiepaetigue,  Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium —  t,  Gommi,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
hiesivam  —  t.  Vesicant,  Sparadrapum  vesicato- 
rium. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAILLADE,  Ineision,  see  EntaiUe, 

TAILLE,  Lithotomy  —  t.  Hypogaetrique,  Hy- 
pogastric operation  of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 
— t.  Par  le  rectum,  see  Lithotomy — t.  Poetirieure, 
see  Lithotomy  —  t.  Recto-vteicale,  see  Lithotomy 
—  t.  Sue-pubiSnne,  see  Lithotomy. 

TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 

TAL.  A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkali. 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacook. 

TALC  EARTH,  Magnesia. 

TALCUM  NEPHRITICUM,  Nephreticns 
lapis. 

TALEN'TUM,  raXavrov.  An  ancient  weight 
equal  to  54  pounds,  2  or.,  5  dr.,  and  24  grains 
Poid»  de  Mare.    See  Weights  and  Measures. 

TALEOLUS,  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIAN  OPERATION,  Rhinoplasty 

TALINUM  UMBELLATUM,  see  Mutura. 

TALIPES,  Eyllosis  (Clubfoot)  — t  Equinus, 
seo  Kyllosis  —  t  Valgus,  see  Kyllosis— t  Varus, 
see  Kyllosis. 

TALON,  see  Calcaneum. 

TALPA,  'a  mole.'  Topina'ria,  Tupina'Ha, 
Talpa'ria,  Teetu'do,  £F.)  Taupe.  A  tumour  situ- 
ate on  the  head,  whioh  has  been  supposed  to 
burrow  like  a  mole. 

TALPARIA,  Talpa. 

TALUS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  see  Calcaneum. 

TAMARA  CONGA,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

TAMAR.EA  ZECLA,  Tamarindus. 

TAMARIN,  Tamarindus. 

TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  tamarind; 
{Tamarind;  q.  s.  Digest  them  with  a  small 
quantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uniform 
consistence;  then  separate  the  seeds  and  fila- 
ments, by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

TAMARINDS,  PULP  OP,  Tamarind!  pulps, 

TAMARIN'DUS,  T.  Jn'diea,  Thamarindue, 
Oxtphoenieon,  Sil'iqua  Arab' too,  Balampul'li, 
Tamara'a  uecla,  Oxyphceni'cia,  Aca'cia  Indica, 
Tamarind  tree,  (P.)  Tamarin.  Family,  Legu- 
minosae.  Sex.  Syet.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp 
of  the  tamarind  with  the  seeds  oonnooted  by  nu- 
merous tough  strings,  is  exported  from  the  West 
Indies,  preserved  in  syrup,  —  Tamarindus,  (Ph. 
V.  S.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Tamarind 
*chcy  is  made  by  boiling  Sty  of  the  pulp  with  Ibiss 
of  milk.  When  strained,  it  is  used  as  a  diluent 
iu  fever. 

TAMARISCUS,  Tamarix  Galileo. 

TAM'ARIX,  T.  Gal'lica,  T.  Pentan'dra,  Ta- 
marie'cu*.  The  Tamarisk  tree.  Family,  Portu- 
gese.   Sex.Sytt.  Pentandria  Pentagynia.    The 


bark,  wood,  and  leaves  were  formerly  employed 
medicinally;  —  the  former  for  its  aperient  and 
corroborant  virtues,  in  obstructions  of  the  liver ; 
the  latter  in  icterus,  haemoptysis,  and  some  cu- 
taneous affections. 

TAMBOUR,  CAVITi  DXJ,  Tympanum* 

TAMPA  BAT,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

TAMPON,  see  Plugging. 

TAMPONNEMENT,  Plugging. 

TANACE'TUM,  T.  vulaa'ri,Tana'9ia,Atha*a'- 
•ia,  Parthe'nium  mat,  Taney,  (F.)  Tanaieie  vuU 
gaire.  Family,  Corymbifero.  Sex.  Syet.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of 
tansy  have  a  peculiar,  strong  odour,  and  warm, 
bitter  taste.  They  are  tonic,  deobstruent(?),  and 
anthelmintic.  Dose,  £ss  to  3j.  The  infusion  ia 
usually  drunk  as  tea. 

Tavacb'tum  Balbami'ta,  Baleami'ta  mae  sen 
vulga'ris,  B.  euaveolene,  B.  major,  Tanaeetum  hor- 
ten'ei,  Ooetue  Korto'rum,  Mentha  Boma'na  seu 
Saracen' tea,  Coetmary,  Alecoet,  Cock-mint,  (F.) 
Menthe  eoq,  Herbe  an  eoq,  Grand  Baume.  A  fra- 
grant-smelling herb,  somewhat  resembling  mint, 
and  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  corroborant 
carminative,  and  emmenagogue. 

Tamacbtum  HoRTBifBB,  T.  balsamita. 

Tanacb'tuh  Multltlo'rum.  A  South  African 
plant,  whioh  is  used  as  a  tonio,  antispasmodic 
and  anthelmintic  It  is  given  in  flatulency,  gout, 
amenorrhea  and  dropsy :  but  is  especially  pre- 
scribed in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoldes  and 
other  entosoa.  It  is  administered  in  the  form  of 
powder  or  infusion ;  the  latter  acting  also,  as  a 
diaphoretic  and  diuretic  It  is  used  likewise  as 
a  resolvent  and  anodyne  fomentation. 

TANAISIE  VULOAIRE,  Tanaeetum. 

TANASIA,  Tanaeetum. 

TANGE,  rayyti,  'rancidity.'  A  putrescent 
tumour. 

TANINTJM,  Tanninum. 

TANNIC  ACID,  Tannin. 

TANNICUM  PURUM,  Tannin. 

TANNIN,  from  (F.)  tanner,  'to  tan.'  Tow'- 
nieum  purum,  Tanni'num,  Tani'num,  Princip'ium 
adetringene  seu  Scytodep'eicum  seu  Byreodep'- 
eieum  seu  Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'eium,  Aeiaum 
Tan'nicum,  A.  Quereitan'nicum,  Tannic  aeia\ 
(F.)  Acid*  tannique.  A  principle  obtained  from 
oak  bark  and  other  astringent  vegetables,  so 
called  from  its  forming  the  principal  agent  in  the 
process  of  tanning.  Pure  tannin,  obtained  from 
galls,  by  the  action  of  ether,  (see  Ph.  U.  S.)  has 
been  employed  as  an  exoellent  and  powerful 
astringent  Dose,  two  grains  repeated  several 
times  a  day. 

TANST,  Tanaeetum— t  Wild,  PotentUla  an- 
serine. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Verbaseum  nigrum. 

TAPE'TUM,  Ta'peetry,  Tape'tum  chorotdeet. 
A  shining  spot,  on  the  outside  of  the  optio  nerve, 
in  the  eyes  of  certain  animals,  which  is  owing  to 
the  absenoe  of  the  pigmentum  nigrum,  occasion* 
ing  the  reflection  of  a  portion  of  the  rays  from  the 
membrana  Ruyschiana.  Its  use  appears  to  be, 
by  reflecting  the  rays,  to  cause  a  double  impres- 
sion on  the  retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity 
of  vision. 

Tapetuv,  see  Corpus  Callosum. 

Tapbtum  Alve'oli,  Membra' na  externa  denr- 
Hum.  The  outer  membrane  of  the"  teeth.  The 
lining  membrane  or  periosteum  of  the  alveoli. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Bothriocephalic  latuf 
—  t  Long,  Tcenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot—  t  Pear^ 
see  Jatropha  manihot 

TAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbaseum  nigrum. 

TAPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordeL 


TAR 


844 


TARTREBRVT 


TAR,  see  Pinns  sylvestris  —  t  Barbados,  Pe- 
troleum —  t  Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

TAR'ACHE,  Tarax'it,  Tarag'ma,  Tarasfrntu, 
'disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight,  which  arises 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye,  or  the  action 
of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause.  By  some, 
It  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  inoipient  oph- 
thalmia. 

Tapaxv  rtis  KoiXias,  '  disturbance  of  the  belly.' 
Diarrhoea. 

TARAGMA,  Tarache. 

TARAGMUS,  Tarache. 

TAR  AG  ON,  Artemisia  dracunculus. 

TARANTALISMUS,  Tarantismus. 

TARANTISM'US,  Tarentie'mue,  TarantalW- 
muMt  Dinoma'nia,  Chore' a  Sancti  Valenti'ni, 
Taren'tuliem,  Tar' ant  ism.  A  feigned  or  imagin- 
ary disease  in  Apulia,  characterized  by  excessive 
avidity  for  dancing  at  the  sound  of  instruments, 
and  which  was  ascribed,  by  the  vulgar,  to  the 
bite  of  the  tarantula.  A  sort  of  tarantismus,  con- 
sidered peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed  to  be 
spontaneous,  has  been  called  Tarentitmu*  Tan- 
gita'nue,  Janon-tarentisme. 

TARAN'TULA,  from  Tarentum  or  Tarento, 
a  town  of  Italy  where  it  abounds ;  Taren'tula, 
(F.)  Tarentule.  A  species  of  spider — the  Ara'nea 
Tarentula  of  Linnaeus,  Lyco'sa  Tarentula  of  La- 
treille,  whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as  dan- 
gerous.    Music  has  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.    They  contain  iron  and  carbonic  acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum  —  t 
Dens  leonie,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TARAXI6,  Tarache,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRI8,  Achillea  ptarmiea. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi- 
tanus,  Tarantismus. 

TARENTULA,  Tarantula. 

TARENTULISM,  Tarantismus. 

TARGAR,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARI.  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which  sugar 
was  obtained,  called  Jagre.  It  was  once  used  as 
a  tonic. 

TARI'NI  PONS,  Interpeduncular  epace,  Poe- 
terior  perforated  space,  Loews  perfora'tue  poeti'- 
eus.  A  oineritious  substance,  between  the  cor- 
pora albican ti a,  which  assists  in  forming  the  bot- 
tom of  the  third  ventricle. 

TARO,  Arum  esculentum. 

TARQUETTE,  Horniaria  glabra. 

TARSAL,  Tar'seut.  That  which  relates  to  the 
tarsus. 

Tarsal  Articulations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TAR'SEA  LATA  (LIGAMENTA).  Three 
ligaments,  described  by  Winslow  as  stretching 
from  the  edge  of  the  orbit  to  that  of  the  tarsi, 
with  which,  he  thought,  they  formed  a  complete 
layer  of  the  eyelids.  Zinn  could  not  trace  the 
ligaments  all  the  way  to  the  tarsi ;  whilst  Haller 
doubted  altogether  their  ligamentous  texture,  and 
Zeis  regards  them  as  merely  areolar  substance. 

TAR8EUS,  Tarsal. 

TARSO-METATARSAL,  Tario-metatar'eeua. 
That  which  relates  to  tarsus  and  metatarsus. 

Tarso-Mbtatarsal  Articulations  are  those 
between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of  the  tarsus 
and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term  Tareo-me- 
tatarsal  is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments  connected 
with  these  joints,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  and 
others  plantar. 

tarso-h£tatarslphalangien  DU 

J  OVCEy  Adductor  polliois  pedis — t.  Phalangien 
dupouce,  Flexor  brevis  polliois  pedis  —  t.  Sous- 
pkalangien  d*  petit  orUU,  Plexor  brevis  minimi 


digiti  pedis — t.  Sous-plalangettien  drnprtmur* 
text,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

TARSOPHY'MA,  from  Tama,  and  p*  i 
tumour.'    A  swelling  of  the  tarsus. 

TARSORRHAPHY,  Tarwrapk'ui,  frc*  »• 
bus,  'the  tarsal  cartilage/  and  pe*  'sotr' 
An  operation  for  diminishing  the  sue  d ;  t 
opening  between  the  eyelids,  when  iiiseaM 
by  surrounding  cicatrices. 

TARSOTOMY,  TareoUm'ia,  from  torrw.fii 
TOfirj,  'incision/  The  section  or  reaoTal d a 
tarsal  cartilages. 

TARSUS,  Planta  prima  pedis,  Ravi* « 
Basee'la  pedis,  Pe'dium,  OwiVvfo  jxdii  <  •" 

1.  The  posterior  part  of  the  foot.  The  yst 
consists  of  7  bones,  arranged  transreitflT  li  * 
rows,  between  which  amputation  is  f-t.u 
performed.  The  Jiret  or  Tibial  iw,  i.F.  f- 
miire  rangie,  R.  jambiere,  consist*  of  tb*  --> 
gains  and  os  calcis  j  the  second  or  ■wtafs'*  ■  ■ 
$eeonde  rangie,  R.  mitaiarsiennt,  of  th'  s* 
phoides,  cuboides,  and  three  ossa  enaei-K* 

2.  The  Tarei,  Tarsal  cartilages,  Tanaif^ 
tilages,  Orchoi,  Grepid'ine*  sen  (Wat  &-•> 
1<B  seu  Un'guht  Palpebra'rum,  Tlerei,  w.  r. 
small  cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  mlsx* 
of  the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  i\p  * 
larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.  Boil  '* 
mence  at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  to  — - 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  p»s  1  '-' 
opposite  commissure  of  the  eyelidi.  TKTj2 
broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extras:.* 

TARTAR,  Antimonium  tartaraaum  1 2": 
perly),  Potasses  supertartras  impuros-t.  * 
careous,  Potasses  subcarbonas  —  t  Cry**'  * 
Potasses  supertartras  —  t  Emetic,  Ana***1 
tartarisatum  — t  Soluble,  Potassa  Urt*,* 
Potash. 

TARTA'REJ  MORBI.  A  term  emjkp * 
Paracelsus  to  designate  certain  diMSKS**** 
attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTARI  CRYSTALLI,  Poms*** 
tartras. 

TARTARIC  ACID,  Ac»idxm  tart*r'^r 
tartaro'sum,  Acor  tartar  ficus,  Adds*  % 
eesentia'li,  Tarta'reou*  acid,  Sal  taritiri  "+ 
tiaU.  (Potassa*  bitarU  Ibiiss,  oq.  dfttili^:;' 
cong.  iy,  creta  ppt.  Ibj,  acidi  sulpk.  ftj-  - -" 
bitartrate  with  two  gallons  of  the  wster.  is  & 
dually  add  the  prepared  chalk,  until  v  "* 
bubbles  appear ;  let  the  tartrate  of  tow  *'v 
then  pour  off  the  fluid  and  wash  the  tann^ 
lime  with  distilled  water,  until  it  is  n** 
Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric  acid,  dilntei « •-/ 
gallon  of  boiling  distilled  water;  ad*  - 
mixture  aside  for  24  hours,  occasionally  &~- 
it  Filter  and  evaporate  to  crystsUiie.  /^ 
It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic,  but  ii^ 
used  for  making  effervescent  draught*  r.u  *•* 

TARTARUM,  Potass*  supertartrM  fc***" 
t  Vitriolatum,  Potaaste  sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMONLB,  Aminos*  *? 
—  t.  Chalybeatus,  Ferrum  tartariiatoiB--'-  ^ 
dus,  PotassSB  supertartras  impantf— 1>  ^. 
Odontolith  os  —  t  Emeticus,  Antimoniaa^ 
xatum— L  Kalieoferricus,  Ferrum  tartanu^ 
t  Kalinus,  Potassso  tartras— U  Lixiriff,  r*** 
tartras  — t  Martialis,  Ferram  tartsrin^^ 
Potassa  ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tartariM^ 
Subpotassicus,  PotassSB  supertartra*— *•  ^  ^ 
tasBicus,  Potassss  supertartras— t  TW^ 
Potassss  tartras.  . 

TARTRATE  jyAMMONIAQUS,  &** 
tartras. 

TAR  TRE  BR  UT,  Potass*  sapermr&tf  ^ 
rus— L  Oru,  Potassse  supertartrss  N""1!^ 
DerUi,  OdontoUthos— L  jtimStif*,  Abc*^ 


TAETRUM 


849 


TELEPHIUM 


tartarisatam —  t.  StibiS,  Antimonium  tartarixa- 
tam. 

TARTRUM  SOLUBILE,  Potassse  tartru. 

TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 

TASTE,  Guetue,  Geueie,  Geuma,  Geuthmoe,  (F.) 
Gobi.  One  of  the  five  external  senses,  whioh  in- 
structs ns  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and  of  which 
the  tongue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Guetatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this  fa- 
culty. In  disease,  the  tatte  frequently  becomes 
variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste  are  pro- 
bably the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  and  the 
glossopharyngeal. 

Tastk,  Savour. 

TAUPE,  Talpa. 

TAUROCOL'LA,  from  ravpot,  'a  bull,'  and 
ro»a,  '  glue.'  Glue  made  of  the  ears  and  genitals 
of  the  bull.    It  was  formerly  much  esteemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perineum. 

TAXIS,  'arrangement^  from  raeom,  'I  order,' 
'I  arrange;'  Eeposit"io,  lieduc'tio,  Syntax' i$.  A 
methodical  pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it. 
This  operation  is  generally  easy  in  hernias  that 
are  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  site,  and  with  a 
large  opening  into  the  sac;  but  it  is  very  difficult 
and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that  are 
adherent  or  strangulated.  To  perform  the  taxis, 
the  patient  should  be  put  in  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture, and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of  the  ab- 
domen are  relaxed.  The  manual  procedure  va- 
ries in  each  species  of  hernia.  In  all  cases,  too 
strong  pressure  of  the  parts  must  be  avoided;  as 
inflammation  and  gangrene  might  be  induced. 
The  displaced  organs  must  be  pushed  into  the 
abdomen,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  axis 
of  the  hernial  sac.  The  reduction  is  sometimes 
favoured  by  blood-letting  ad  deliquium;  the 
warm  bath;  warm  fomentations;  tobacco;  emol- 
lient glysters ;  and,  at  times,  by  cold  applications, 
as  ice,  Ac  In  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia, 
should  the  taxis  fail,  an  operation  becomes  ne- 
cessary. 

TAXUS  BACCA'TA.  The  Tew  tree,  Smilax, 
Smilae,  Thym'aloe,  (F.)  If.  Family,  Conifera*. 
Sex.  Syet.  IKcecia  Monadelphia.  The  ancients 
believed  the  yew  to  be  poisonous ;  but  the  fruit 
may  be  eaten  without  inconvenience.  The  leaves 
have  been  often  recommended  in  epilepsy.  The 
re 8 in,  obtained  from  the  bark,  has  been  called 
albir. 

TA  YE,  Caligo. 

TAYLOR'S  REMEDY  FOR  DEAFNESS, 
see  Allium. 

TEA,  Thea  —  i  Apple,  see  Apple  tea — t  Ba- 
hama, Lantana  oamara  —  t  Beef,  see  Beef  tea  — 
t  Berried,  Oaultheria — t  Berry,  Qaultheria — t 
Blankenheim,  see  Galeopsis  gran  di  flora — t  Bra- 
zil, Lantana  psoudothea — t  Bushman's,  Methys- 
cophyllum  glaucum — t.  Caffro,  Helichrysum  nu- 
difolium  —  t  Chicken,  see  Chicken  tea — t.  Flax- 
seed, Infusum  Lini  compositum — t  Ginger,  Infu- 
sum  Zingibers  —  t  Hottentots',  Helichrysum 
serpyllifolium — t  Labrador,  Ledum  latifolium — 
t  Lemon-peel,  see  Citrus  medica  —  t  Marsh,  Le- 
dum palustre  —  t  Mexico,  Chcnopodium  ambro- 
sioides — t  Mountain,  Gaultheria — t  Mutton,  see 
Mutton  tea — t  New  Jersey,  Celastrus — t.  Oswego, 
Monarda  cocoinea — t  Redberry,  Gaultheria  —  t 
Slippery  elm,  Infusum  Lini  compositum — t  Soot, 
see  Fuligokali — t  South  sea,  Ilex  vomitoria  —  t 
Spanish,  Chenopotilum  ambrosioidee —  t  Veal, 
see  Veal  tea. 

TEAR,  Sax.  Ceap,  Zac'ryma,  Lach'ryma,  Lac'- 
rima,  Lac'ruma,  Dacry,  Dac'ryma,  Dacfryon, 
Humor  lacryma'li;  Eyedrop,  (F.)  Larme.  An  ex- 
crementitious  humour,  secreted  by  the  lachrymal 
gland,  and  poured  between  the  globe  of  the  eye, 


and  the  eyelids,  to  facilitate  the  motions  of  fhote 
parts.  The  tears  are  saline,  inodorous,  and  co- 
lourless. They  turn  the  syrup  of  violets  green  ; 
and  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  with  excess  of 
base,  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda,  and  albumen. 

TEARS,  DEERS',  Besoar  of  the  deer. 

TEASEL,  CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  sylve*. 
tris. 

TEAT,  Nipple. 

TEAZEL,  Eupatorium  perfoliatom. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TECNOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

TECOLITHOS,  Judaeus  (lapis.) 

TECO'MA  RADI'CANS,  Bigno'nia  radi'cant, 
Trumpet  /lower,  Trumpet  creeper,  Virgin' 'ia  creep- 
er. Indigenous ;  the  orange  and  scarlet  flowers 
appearing  in  July.  Order,  Bignoniacea.  The 
leaves  are  acrid. 

TECTARIA  CALAHUALA,  see  Calagnala 
radix — t  Ferruginea,  see  Calaguala  radix. 

TEETH,  see  Tooth  —  t  Eye,  Canine  teeth— t 
Jaw,  Molar  teeth— ft.  Milk,  see  Dentition — t.  Neck 
of  the,  Collum  dentium  —  ft.  Vitreous  substance 
of  the,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEGIMEN,  Integument 

TEG  MEN,  Integument 

TEGULA  HIBERNICA,  Hibernicuj  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument 

TEGUMENT,  Integument 

TEGUMEN'TARY.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  the  integument 

TEGUMEN'TUM,  Integument  — t  AurU,  see 
Tympanum  —  t  Ventriculorum  cerebri,  Centre, 
oval,  of  the  brain. 

TEIGNE,  Pityriasis,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
—  t.  Annulaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  en  Anneau, 
Porrigo  soutulata — t.  Faveuse,  Porrigo  favosa— 
t.  Furfuracie,  Porrigo  furfurans — (.  Nummulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TEINODYN'IA ;  from  rtivttv,  'to  extend,' and 
o&vvn,  'pain/    Pain  of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINOPHLOGO'SIS ;  from' rnvctv,  'to  ex- 
tend,' and  <p\oyucif,  'inflammation/  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINTTJRE,  Tincture  —  t.  Ethtrte,  JBthereal 
— t.  Rubtfiante,  Tinctura  cantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA,  Texture,  Tissue  —  t  Accidental!*  Me- 
dullaris,  Encephaloid  —  t  Cellulosa,  Cellular  tis- 
sue —  t  Emplastica,  Sparadrapum  —  t  Erectilis, 
Erectile  tissue  —  t  Galteri,  Sparadrapum  Galteri 
— t  Hippocratis  oribrosa.  Cellular  tissue — t  Hy- 
menochondroides,  Tissue,  cartilaginous  —  t  Hy- 
menochondrodes,  Tissue,  cartilaginous  —  t  Ioh- 
thyocollee  glutinans,  see  Sparadrapum  adhaasi- 
vum  —  t  Inodularis,  Tissue,  inodular  —  t  Orga- 
nica,  Histos — t  Vesicatoria,  Sparadrapum  veai- 
catorium. 

TELAMON,  Habena. 

TELAMO'NES,  rc>a/t»vcf,  'bandages.'  Char- 
pie,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen,  employed  for 
bandages. 

TELANGECTASIS,  Telangiectasia. 

TELANGIECTASIA,  Telangiec'taei;  Telan- 
gec'taeie,  Angieotelecta'eia,  Hamatotelangio'eie, 
Hamotelavgio' tie,  Angiecta' »ia,  Ana*tomv'*i* 
aneuryemafica ;  from  rtXef,  'far,'  ayyttov,  'ves- 
sel,' and  cKTacn,  *  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  ves- 
sels. Nsbvus  maternus.  Aneurism  by  anasto- 
mosis. According  to  some,  fungus  hasmatode*. 
See  HaBmatodes  fungus. 

Telangiectasia  Ocult,  Cirsophthalmus. 

TELEPH'IUM,  Ulcus  telephium.  The  anclente 
gave  this  name  to  any  ulcer  of  a  very  bad  kind, 
and  difficult  to  core,  because  the  wound,  which 


TELLTOISMTJ8 


UA 


TEMPORO 


▲ehUlee  inflicted  on  Telepfaw,  degenerated  into 
•  similar  nicer. 

Tblephium,  Sedum  telephium. 
TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animaL 
TELUM,  Penis. 
TEMPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMENT,  Temperamen'tum,  Temper- 
atu'ra,  Tempera' tio,  Tempe'riee ;  originally  from 
tempus,  '  time,'  the  great  temperer;  Complex1 io, 
Crasis,  Euora'sia.  A  name  given  to  the  remark- 
able differences  that  exist  between  individual*,  in 
consequence  of  the  variety  of  relations  and  pro- 
portions between  the  constituent  parts  of  the 
body.  Thus,  of  old,  it  was  supposed  that,  ac- 
cording to  the  predominance  of  any  one  of  the 
four  humours  then  generally  admitted, — blood, 
lymph,  bile,  and  atrabilis  or  black  bile, — the  ma- 
nifestations of  the  functions  were  tempered  or 
modified  so  as  to  give  rise  to  a  sanguine,  lympha- 
tic, choleric,  or  atrabilious  or  melancholic  predo- 
minance or  temperament.  The  idea  of  the  exist- 
ence of  certain  of  these  humours  has  been  ba- 
nished ;  yet  the  influence  of  some,  as  of  the  blood, 
lymph,  and  bile,  is  still  admitted  by  many.  Too 
much  influence  has,  doubtless,  been  assigned  to 
temperament  in  the  sense  in  which  it  was  for- 
merly and  still  is  generally  understood,  although 
there  can  be  no  question  that  difference  of  orga- 
nization oocasions  a  difference  in  the  activity  of 
organs. 
Temperament,  Bilious,  Choleric  temperament 
TEM'PERANCE,  Sophroe'yni,  Nephal'iotet, 
Sobriletae,  Sobri'ety.  Moderation,  opposed  to 
gluttony  and  drunkenness.  The  advantage  of 
temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of  view,  requires 
no  comment 

TEMPJSRANTS,  Sedatives. 
TEMPERATIO,  Temperament 
TEMPERATURA,  Temperament 
TEMPERIES,  Temperament 
TEMPLE,  Tempue,  Re'gio  Temporalis,  Crot- 
aphue,  (F.)  Tempe.    A  depression,  on  each  side 
of  the  head,  between  the  forehead  and  eye  ante- 
riorly, and  the  ear  posteriorly.    The  temples,  dis- 
tinguished into  right  and  left,  correspond  to  the 
temporal  fossa  on  each  side.    The  word  is  said 
to  be  from  the  Latin  tempue,  *  time,'  because  in 
this  part  the  hair  first  begins  to  turn  white,  and 
to  indicate  age. 

TEMPORAL,  Temporalis.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  temples. 

Temporal  Aponeurosis  is  a  very  strong  apo- 
neurosis, of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which  is  at- 
tached to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of  the 
temporal  bone ;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  malar 
bone ;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  zygomatic 
arch ;  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the  temporal 
muscle. 

Temporal  Arteries,  Orot'aphite  Arteriee,  are 
several :  —  1.  The  Temporal  Artery,  properly  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  external  carotid.  It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  whioh  covers  it  as 
far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this  it  becomes 
subcutaneous;  and,  when  it  has  attained  the 
middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  divides  into  two 
branches ;  the  one  anterior — -A.  temporalis  fron- 
talis seu  inter1  na  sou  ante'rior;  the  other  poste- 
rior —  the  A.  temporalis  occipitalis  sou  exter'na 
sen  eupdrior.  The  temporal  artery,  before  its 
division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches  to  the  parotid;  to 
the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw ;  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius, and  to  the  masse  tor.  2.  The  transveree 
artessy  of  the  face.  3.  The  middle  temporal,  which 
arises  beneath  the  cheek-bone,  and  traverses  the 
temporal  aponeurosis,  immediately  beneath  that 
hone.    II.  The  Deep-seated  Tem'porale.  A.  tern- 


pora'Us  profunda.  These  are  tie  is  nabs. 
They  arise  from  the  internal  maxfflsrj.ui  tun 
been  distinguished,  from  their  position,  itw  » 
terior  and  posterior.  They  send  their  pritt>i 
divisions  to  the  temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bobe,  Os  tem'poris  sen  im^n* 
sen  arcua'U  sen  arma'li  sen  paneta'li  .■ •;.** 
seu  crotaphit'icum  sen  memes/to monm*>*- 
sum  seu  crefaphus,  is  seated  at  tie  toci 
inferior  part  of  the  cranium,  of  whidi  .t : » 
part :  and  contains,  within  it,  the  speriil  srzi 
of  audition.  It  is  usually  divided  b*  u.- 
portions :— 1.  The  squamous,  Pan  sq*sf>  'l ; 
lepidoVdes  seu  squamosum  seu  I***1?"*'  l 
Portion  (caiUeuse  on  squameuse.  i  Ik  *"*  • 
portion,  and,  3.  The  Petrous  mw**,!"1 
Proc"ese,  Pare  petro'sa,  Pyr'amit  tm^  J 
lapideum  sen  lapido'eum  seu  •*»«■«■  f*' 
seu  litholdee  seu  durum  seu  pranmts  "f  * 
mila'tum  seu  nervate,  Pare j*ro»t(W«  <*'  ; 
port,  (F.)  Portion  pierreuee,  Rocker,  (»y* u 
Apophyee  pyramidale,  A*  pitrie. 

It  has, jSrrt,  an  auricular  or  exttmlj*1  ■ 
which  is  a  surface  that  makes  part  of  the  '*  - 
ral  fossa ;  the  zygomatic  proem  ;  the  ^ 
vity;   the  fissure  of  Glaser;  tbe  fw*.^ 
tortus  extemue  ;  the  mastoid  proem ;  tK  •  * 
trie  groove;  the  canalis  carotins ;  w  : 
fossa  :  the  styloid  process  ;  the  risk-**' 
ramen,  Ac     2.  A  cerebral  or  isfcrsW  » 
which  corresponds  to  the  cavity  or 0>J  _«■•; 
and  on  whioh  is  the  Part  petresa,  the*-* 
lopii,  the  meatus  auditorius  i9tenst,^r 
of  the  aqucductus  vestibuli,  a  portu* «/  ■' 
terfor  the  lateral  sinus,  Ac    3.  A  Oreg- 
on whioh  is  observed  the  orifice  of  lh«  *} 
tion  of  the  Eustachian  tube  sndtbe««w 
cochleee,  Ac    The  temporal  bow  «  *£*  " 
with  the  sphenoid,  occipital,  parietal,  **- 
inferior  maxUlary  bones.    It  is  dewle^' 
five  points  of  ossification.  ^ 

Temporal  Fossa  is  an  «*»*»?!:  c  - 
at  each  side  of  the  head.    It  is  filM  V^' 
cle  whose  name  it  bears,  and  »*■"£;;.. 
temporal  and  sphenoid,  below;  by  tw  r- 

f<*»> 


and  frontal  bones,  above;  i»  *»«* 


transverse  crista,  from  the  lygomatic 
completed,  before,  by  the  cheek-bone. 

Temporal  Muscle,  Tempore'bh  W .. 
(F.)  Arcadi-temporo  maxillaire,  Tap*'   ' 
laire  (Ch.),  is  a  broad,  flattened,  tn»e 
de,  which  fills  the  temporal  fata  »» 
attached  to  the  temporal  »P<»OTrf1!,,1f ' ; 
and  all  converge  into  a  strong  ten**  ; 
passes  under  the  sygomatic  arch, •»**-•. 
into  the  coronoid  process  of thtlow  • 
muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  sppua  * 
against  each  other.  r^v-- 

Temporal  Nerves.    Tht*J»*g-; 
into  the  superficial  temporal,  forofc*  { 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  iftb£ 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw ;  and  the  WJV 
fundi,  — anterior  and  posterior, "  jf*' 
the  same' nerve,  at  its  exit  from  tte* 
S«mmering  has  given  the  name  *<*!?*'    . 
divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  tie  ^ 

regions.  ,        i.  MCri  -f 

Temporal  Veins  were  formerly  »*> 

or  AHoi  PhJebes,  Aq>uil*  Vent. 
TEMPORO-AUJUCOLAIMS,  At*** 

"TbM'PORO-FA'CIAL,  Tea'por*/**'** 
longing  to  the  temple  and  face.         ^> 
Temporo-pacial  Nerve,  Acwwwt^. 
a'lis.    A  branch  of  the  meud  mtt«  «^ 
to  the  face  and  temple.  -  T^» 

temporo-maxillaM  *" 

muscle. 


TEMPORO 


84T 


TENT 


TRMPORO-MAX'ILLARY,  Tem'poro^maxiL 
Writ.  That  which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone 
and  lower  jaw. 

Tbmporo-maxillart  Articulation  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw,  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 
bone  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  bones.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  glenoid  cavity,  anterior  to  the  fissure 
of  Gloser;  the  other  belongs  to  the  condyle. 
This  artioulation  is  furnished  with  an  inter-arti- 
cular fibro-cartilage,  two  synovial  capsules,  and 
two  lateral  ligaments:  —  the  one  internal,  and 
the  other  external. 

Tbmporo-maxillart  Nrryms  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  regions. 

TEMPUS,  Temple  — t.  Interoalare,  Apyrexia, 
Intermission. 

TEMULENCE,  Temulentia. 

TEMULEN'TIA,  EbrVetae,  FbrioSitae,  We- 
thyn'mne,  Tem'ulence,  Tem'ulency,  Inebriation, 
Intoxica'tion,  Drunk?  enne— :  —  from  wine,  QSno- 
phlyg"ia,   GEnophlyx'U,  Vinolm'tia,    Vi'nolence, 

iF.)  Iores&e.  Plater  gave  this  name  to  delirium; 
ittmuller,  to  an  apopleotio  condition,  depending 
upon  drunkenness;  the  Apoplex'xa  Temulen'ta 
or  dead  drunkenness.  Commonly,  Temulentia  is 
used  synonymously  with  drunkenness,  Meih.%; 
and  is  often  employed  in  the  description  of  dis- 
eases to  indicate  a  state  resembling  drunkenness. 
Mania  «  Timulentid  is  the  same  as  Delirium  Tre- 
mens. 

TENACULA,  Bone-nippers— tVolsella,  For- 
ceps (lithotomy). 

TENACULUM,  from  teneo,  'I  hold.'  A  kind 
of  fine  hook  attached  to  a  handle  whioh  is  thrust 
through  the  parietes  of  a  blood  vessel  to  draw  it 
out  and  enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tenaculum,  Assalini's.  An  Ingenious  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Assalini.  It  consists  of  a  for- 
ceps, or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of  which 
are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  as  to  be  readily 
received  into  each  other  when  the  instrument  is 
closed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is  by  a  spring.  It 
is  of  great  use  when  the  surgeon  has  no  assistant 
at  hand.  The  instrument  is  figured  in  8.  Coop- 
er's "First  Lines." 

TENAILLE  INCISIVE,  Bone-nippers. 

TENASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronerva'tio,  from  tww#,  'I 
stretch.'  Tenon,  a  Sinew.  A  fibrous  cord,  more 
or  less  round,  long,  or  flattened ;  of  a  white,  pearl 
colour,  and  composed  of  very  close  parallel  fibres. 
The  tendons  are  attached  to  the  bones,  by  one 
extremity ;  by  the  other,  they  receive  the  inser- 
tions of  the  fleshy  fibres :  sometimes  they  afford 
attachment  to  fleshy  fibres  at  both  ends;  — as  in 
the  digastric  muscle.  The  tendons  must  be  con- 
sidered as  so  many  cords,  for  transmitting  the 
motion  of  muscles  to  the  bones  or  levers. 

TENDON  &AOHILLB,  Achillis  tendo. 

Trndon,  Cordifobm,  or  thb  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
tre, phrenic 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tendinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TfiNESME,  Tenesmus  —  *.  de  V(Eeophage, 
(Eaophagismus  —  t.  V&eical,  Bradysuria. 

TENES'MUS,  ZVtWmos,  TenaJmue,  from 
rurv,  *I  stretch.'  Proe'tiea  Tenetmue,  Procto- 
epatfmus,  QUtipa'tio  Tenesmus,  Tinag'mu*,  (F.) 
Tfneeme,  Epreintee.  Frequent,  vain,  and  painful 
desires  to  go  to  stool;  — one  of  the  chief  symp- 


toms of  inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of     1 
the  digestive  tube,  as  of  dysentery. 

Tenesmus  Vbsio*,  Bradysuria — t  Vesicas 
mucosus,  Cystirrhosa. 

TENETTESt  Forceps  (craniotomy). 

T&NIA,  Trnnia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
On  the  waters  of  the  French  Bread  River,  in  this 
state,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The  heat 
is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the  water,  it 
is  almost  insupportable. 

TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'AGRA,  from  rcvuy,  'tendon,'  and 
*ypa,  '  seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout,  which  affects 
the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or  the  tendinous 
ligaments  which  strengthen  certain  articulations. 

TENONTOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENONTOTRO'TI,  from  rem*,  'tendon,'  and 
TiTpw<TKut «  I  wound.'  They  who  are  wounded  in 
the  tendons.  —  Galen. 

TENOT'OMY,  Tenotom'ia,  Teneotom'ia,  Te- 
nontom'ia,  Sec'tio  sou  Dinee'tio  ten'dinum,  from 
rttmv,  *  a  tendon,'  and  npn,  incision.'  The  ope- 
ration of  dividing  a  tendon,  often  practised  for 
the  removal  of  lozarthrus,  or  deviation  of  the 
joints  —  as  in  club-foot  . 

TENSEUR  DE  L'APON&VROSE  f£M0- 
RALE,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

TEN' SI  ON,  Terieio,  Tentu'ra,  Taeie,  Diat*- 
a*i»t  Entonia,  (Enton'xa  is,  also,  used  for  over- 
tension,)  Oonten'eio,  Ditten'rio,  from  tendere,  'to 
stretch.'  State  of  a  part,  which  is  stretched, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afflux 
of  fluids,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas ;  or  when 
its  fibres  are  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
direction,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
than  usual. 

TENSOR  CHOROIDS^,  Ciliary  muscle— t 
Palati,  Circumflexus  musculus. 

Tbnsor  Tarsi.  A  small  muscle,  belonging  to 
the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well  de- 
scribed by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
hence  termed  Muscle  of  Horner.  It  is  about  three 
lines  broad  and  six  long ;  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis,  near  its  junction 
with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  passes  forwards  and 
outwards,  lying  on  the  posterior  face  of  the  lach- 
rymal ducts.  As  it  approaches  the  commissure 
of  the  lida,  it  splits  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
each  of  which  is  appropriated  to  a  duct,  and  in- 
serted along  its  course,  almost  to  the  pane  turn 
lacrymale.  Its  chief  office  seems  to  be,  to  influ- 
ence the  position  of  the  puncta  lacrymale,  and 
to  regulate  the, course  of  the  tears  through  the 
lachrymal  ducts. 

Tbnsor  Ttm'pant,  Inter****  Aurie,  Intermit 
Hal' lei,  (F.)  Salpingo-mallSen.  A  small  muscle, 
whioh  arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian 
tube,  and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  re- 
flected over  the  processus  coohleaformis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  apophysis  of  the  handle  of  the 
malleus. 

Tensor  Vagihje  Fsmoris,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
TENSURA,  Tension. 
TENSUS,  Penis. 

TENT,  Tenta,  Turun'da,  and  its  diminutive, 
Turun'dula,  Penie'ulua,  Penicil'lus,  Penicil'lum, 
Motoe,  Lemniscus,  (F.)  Tente,  Miehe,  from  ten- 
tare,  '  to  try  or  explore.'  In  surgery,  tents  are 
small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylindrical  or  pyramidal 
shape,  which  are  introduced  into  wounds  and 
deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them  from  closing  before 
they  are  filled  up  from  the  bottom.  Tents  are 
sometimes,  also,  made  of  prepared  sponge,  gen- 
tian root,  Ac  They  are  not  so  much  used  as 
they  formerly  were. 


TENTACULARIA 


848 


TERRA 


TENTACULARIA,Filariahominis  bronchialis. 
TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Tentorium. 
TENTA'MEN  MED'ICUM.  •  A  medical  trial.' 
An  examination  in  medicine,  in  the  Prussian 
universities,  which  is  conducted  both  in  writing 
and  vivd  voce  before  the  Dean  of  the  Medical 
Faculty. 

TENTE,  Tent— U  du  Oervelet,  Tentorium. 

TENTIOO  VENEREA,  Nymphomania— t 
Yeretri,  Satyriasis. 

TENTIPEL'LUM,  from  tendo,  'I stretch/ and 
pellis,  *  the  skin.'  Ancient  name  of  a  cosmetic, 
with  which,  it  was  pretended,  wrinkles  could  be 
effaced. 

TENTORIUM,  T.  cerebel'lo  super-extenrsum, 
T.  cerebelli,  Tentac'ulum  cerebeUi,  Septum  trans- 
verse (Ch.),  Transverse  septum,  Septum  enccph'ali, 
Inter scp'ta  horizonta'lia  Pacehio'ni,  Processus 
transver'sus  dura  matris,  Lateral  Processes  of  the 
Dura  Mater,  Diaphrag'ma  cerebri,  (F.)  Tente  du 
eervelet,  Plancher  du  Cerveau,  from  tendere,  ten- 
turn,  '  to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura  mater, 
which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the  cerebel- 
lum. It  extends  from  the  internal  horizontal 
spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  forwards  to 
the  sella  Turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 

Tentorium  Cere  belli,  Tentorium. 

TENTUM,  Penis. 

TENT  WORT,  Asplenium  mta  muraria. 

TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

TENUITAS  AQUOSA,  Predominium  aquae. 

TEPHROSIA  VIRGINIANA,  Galega  Virgi- 
nian a, 

TEPIDARIUM,  see  Store. 

TEPLITZ,  Toplits. 

TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOG"ENY,  Teratogen'ia,  from  rt^ac, 
rtparos,  'a  monster/  and  ytvtcts,  'generation.' 
The  formation  of  monsters. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Teratolog"ia,  from  rtpag,  rto- 
aros,  'a  monster/  and  \*yos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
description,  or  the  doctrine  of  monsters. 

TERATOSIS,  see  Monster. 

TERCERON,  see  Mulatto  —  t  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

TEREBELLA,  Trepan. 

t£rJ£BENTHINE,  Terebinthina— t.  de  Bor- 
deaux, see  Pinus  sylvestris — t,  de  Chio,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus — t.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba — t.  Com- 
mune, see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  d'Egypte,  see  Amy- 
ris  opobalsamum — t.  de  Giliad,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum  —  t.  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum— t.  de  Judie,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— t.  de  Mellze,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  TtnptvSes,  or  -npt&iv- 
$oj,  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Turpentine,  Botin, 
Albotim,  AUilibat,  Brutino,  (F.)  Tiribenthine.  A 
substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  which 
flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebinthacesB  and 
conifer©  families.  It  is  viscid;  shining;  more 
or  less  transparent;  inflammable;  of  a  warm, 
pungent  taste;  strong  smell;  and  is  entirely 
composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil,  without  ben- 
zoic acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol.  See  Turpen- 
tine, Pinus  palustris  and  Pinus  sylvestris.  All 
the  turpentines  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  ca- 
thartic. 

Terebinthtna  Argentoratensts,  see  Pinus 
pioea — t  Balsamea,  see  Pinus  balsamea — t  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t  Chia,  see  Pis- 
taeia  terebinthus  —  t  Communis,  see  Pinus  syl 
yestris  —  t  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t 
Bmpyreumatica,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t  Larici- 
na,  see  Pinus  larix — L  Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — 
t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t  Vulgaris,  see 
Puns  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Vtnise,  see  Pinus  larix. 


TEREBINTHUS,  Terminthus— t  GuMifcn, 
Bursera  gummifera — t  Lentiscus,  Fbtscuks- 
tiscus  —  t  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 
TEREBRA,  Trepan. 
TEREBRATIO,  Trepanning. 
TEREDO  OSSIUM,  Caries,  Spina  ventoa. 
TERES,  Stron'gylus,  Cylindroma*,  'loogs&i 
round.'    An  epithet  given  to  many  organ*.  tS» 
fibres  of  which  are  collected  into  round  fc<ri-  , 

Teres  LiGArar'TUM,  (F.)  Ligament  r+i 
This  name  is  given  to  the  round  ligament  is  tk 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innomioaum,  »fe  i 
is  attached  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  sad  t*  *b 
bottom  of  the  cavity.  It  is,  also,  pre*  k » 
small  fibrous  fascia,  which  extends  from  the  <•• 
ronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the  biqii! 
tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Terb8  Major,  (F.)  Anguli- scapula -**»*> 
Scapulohumeral  (Ch.),  Grand  rond,  is  situfc* 
the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the  shafts. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  otter  «• 
face  of  the  scapula;  to  the  corresponding  jar .' 
its  axillary  margin ;  and,  on  the  other,  u>  fe 
posterior  margin  of  the  bicipital  grooTt  d  i 
humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  backwards  ni 
inwards,  and  carries  it,  also,  inwards  in  nik* 
When  it  acts  with  the  longissimns  doisi  tad  p**- 
toralis  major,  it  applies  the  arm  against  the  U* 
ral  part  of  the  chest,  and  keeps  it  forcibij  she* 

Teres  Mikor,  (F.)  Ls  plug  petit  mwmj** 
trochiUrien,  (Ch.)  Petit  rond,  Margi*i&** 
pulo-trochiUrien,  Nonus  hu'meri  PkaswlC»,* 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  pert  c  f  u* 
shoulder;  it  is  narrow  and  flattened,  from** 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half;  and,  from  before  a 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  oatb*« 
part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula,  se*si 
inferior  angle ;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  intaj" 
part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humeral,  t 
depresses  the  arm,  and  causes  it  to  torn  **  n 
axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also  csiria  a 
backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 

TERETRIUM,  Trepan. 

TERETRON,  Trepan. 

TERGAL,  Dorsal. 

TERGEMINI,  TrigeminL 

TERGUM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

TERMINALLY,  see  Myrobalanus. 

TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature, 

TERMIN'THUS,  Terebin'tkus,  from  1*1** 
'the  turpentine  tree.'  Phyma  Anthrax,  fr*~ 
thus,  Berry  or  Fungous  carbuncle.  The  an<-  *'* 
gave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  surmounted^:  * 
black  pustule,  and  resembling  the  Jroit&'^ 
turpentine  tree. 

TERvnrraus,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPERSAKT* 
RUE,  Larynx. 

TERMONOLOGT,  Nomenclature. 

TERMS,  Menses. 

TERRA  ABSORBENS  MINERALIS,  M«r> 
sIsb  carbonas — t  Aluminis,  Argilla  pur*—t  *•" 
ra  ae'rata,  Magnesias  carbonas— t  Amars  » !*1* 
rica,  Magnesia)  sulphas — t.  Solaris,  Argili*  ?** 
— t  Foliata,  Sulphur— t  Foliata  mineral*,  ^ 
acetata  — t.  Foliata  tartari,  Potassm  •**"? 
Fornacum,  see  Bricks  —  t.  Fulloniea,  C*** 
purpuresoens  —  t  Japonic*,  Cateeha,  X"*0* 
gambir. 

Terra  Lem'ota,  Argilla  bolus /lav*.  If  r* 
Earth,  Lemp'nias.  A  name  given  by  the  «•*' 
to  a  solid,  reddish,  astringent,  substsa*  J£ 
pared  with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  we  »;» 
an  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper  AW 
It  seems,  however,  to  be  an  argillaceomi  esr»  * 
has  been  employed  as  an  astringent 


TBRRAPIK 


8* 


TETANUS 


Terra  Livok'ioa.  A  terra  sigilla'ta  or  sealed 
sarth  from  Livonia,  redder  than  that  from  Silesia, 
And  very  astringent 

Terra  Merita,  Curcuma  long*. 

Terra  Noceria'va.  A  whitish,  soft,  and  as- 
tringent earth,  found  in  the  environs  of  Nocera, 
in  Italy. 

Terra  Orlba'ka,  Pigmen'tum  urucn,  Urueu, 
(F.)  Rocou,  Roucou,  Bichet.  A  pigmental  matter 
obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Bixa  Orleana  sen 
Orella'na  seu  America' n a,  Orella'na,  Orlea'na. 
In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery,  and 
is  considered  to  possess  astringent  and  stomachic 
qualities.  It  is  called,  according  to  its  shape, 
Flag,  Roll,  or  Egg  Annotto. 

Spanish  Annotto,  Bixa,  is  in  small,  oblong 
eakeg.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  colouring 
matter. 

Terra  Os'ska,  Mate'ria  ossea.  Bony  matter. 
The  earthy  portion  of  bones. 

Terra  Ponderosa,  Baryta — t.  Ponderosa  ma- 
riata,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t  Ponderosa  salita, 
Baryta,  muriate  of —  t  Saponaria,  Cimolia  pur- 
purescens. 

Terra  Portugal'lica,  Barros,  Bucaros.  A 
reddish,  astringent)  styptic  earth,  obtained  from 
Portugal. 

Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Scaled  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  or  flat 
masses,  and  stamped  with  certain  impressions, 
as  with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To 
these  belong  the  Terra  Sileeiaca,  Terra  Lemnia, 
T.  Turcica.     See  Bolus  alba. 

Terra  Silbsiaca,  see  Terra  sigillata — t  Tal- 
cosa  oxyanthracodes,  Magnesias  carbonas  —  t 
Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata. 

Terra  Uri'ilb.  The  earthy  deposit  In  the 
urine. 

Terra  Vitrioli  Dulcis,  Coloothar. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  BO L AIRE,  Bolus— t.  Noix,  Bunium 
bulbocastanum  —  t.  Pesante,  Baryta  —  t.  Si  gillie, 
Bolus  alba. 

TERRETTE,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Febris  tertia'na,  An'etut 
tertianus,  Trita'us,  Tertian  Ague,  (P.)  Fiivre 
tierce.  An  intermittent,  whose  paroxyms  recur 
every  third  day,  or  every  48  hours.  The  mildest, 
and  the  most  pernicious,  intermittent^  belong  to 
this  head.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  the  most  ma- 
nageable form  of  ague. 

TERTIANARIA,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TESSARA,  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA,  Tabella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum 
—  t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum  —  t 
Ploucquct's,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum — t  Static, 
sco  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

TESTA,  see  Ostrea. 

TestaPrjepara'ta,  Prepared Oyster-sh ell. 
Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  matter,washed 
with  boiling  water,  reduced  to  powder,  and  pre- 
pared in  the  same  manner  as  Creta  prseparata. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  from  testa,  <a  shell/  A  pow- 
der, consisting  of  burnt  shells.  These  contain 
carbonate  of  lime  chiefly,  and  hence  the  term 
bas  been  applied  to  cretaceous  substances.  See 
Creta. 

TEST.E  FORNACEJE,  Bricks— t.  Ostrea?,  see 
Ostrea. 

TESTES.  The  Testicle:  Vulgarly,  the  Stones. 
A  name,  also,  given  to  the  inferior  tubercles  of 
the  corpora  quadrigemina,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  superior,  called  Nate: 

Testes  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

TES'TICLE,  Testis,  T.  viri'lis,  Tcntic'ulus, 
Orchis,  Pomnm  amo'ris,  Did'ymus,  Her'nia,  Gem1- 
ini  (pi.),  tfemetft  (pi.).  Ovum,  (P.)  Testicule,  from 


testis,  'a  witness  f  because  the  testicles  are  evi- 
dences of  virility.  The  name  of  two  glandular 
organs,  contained  in  the  scrotum,  whose  office  it 
to  secrete  sperm.  The  substance  of  the  testicle 
consists  of  numerous  conical,  flattened  lobules  — 
lob'uli  testis  —  whose  bases  are  directed  towards 
the  surface  of  the  organ,  and  the  apices  towards 
the  corpus  Highmorianum.  They  are  formed  of 
a  gray  and  softish  substance,  oomposed  of  tor- 
tuous canals,  called  Tu'buli  semini/'eri  vel  Vasa 
semina'lia,  folded  on  each  other,  and  of  extreme 
fineness ;  the  number  of  which,  according  to  the 
estimate  of  Monro,  is  62,500,  and  the  total  length 
5,208  feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their 
course,  pass  through  the  corpus  Highmorianum, 
concur  in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 
to  the  vaa  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fibrous  membrane,  of  an  opake 
white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called  Tu'nica  Al- 
bugin'ea,  or,  simply,  Albugin'ea,  Perites'tis,  of 
which  the  corpus  Highmorianum  is  only  an  en- 
largement Over  this,  again,  is  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, the  second  onvelope  of  the  testis. 

Testicle,  Swelled,  Hernia  humoralis. 

TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 

TESTICULE,  Testicle. 

TESTICULUS,  Testicle— t  Accessories,  Epi- 
didymis —  t  Caninus,  Orchis  mascula. 

TESTIMONIUM  MATURITA'TIS.  'Evi- 
dence of  fitness.'  A  certificate  of  complete  edu- 
cation, required,  in  the  Prussian  universities,  of  a 
candidate,  before  he  can  be  admitted  to  examina- 
tion for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medieine. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary  — t.  Irritable, 
Orohidalgia  —  t.  Minor,  Prostate  —  t  Muliebris, 
Ovary  —  t.  Virilis,  Testicle 

TESTUDINATIO  CRANII,  Camarosis. 

TESTU'DO,  Chelo'ni,  (F.)  Tortue.  A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of  which 
is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle ;  Emphy'- 
ma  encys'tis  ganglion.     See  Talpa. 

Testudo  Cerebri,  Fornix  —  t  Scapula?,  see 
Scapula. 

TETAN'IC,  Tetan'icum,  Spae'ticwn,  Conrulsif- 
vim,  Convul'sive,  from  rttvts,  *  I  stretch.'  A  re- 
medy, which  acts  on  the  nerves,  and,  through 
them,  on  the  muscles,  occasioning,  in  large  doses, 
convulsions.  The  chief  agents  of  this  class  are 
Nuv  Vomica,  Strychnia,  Brueia,  Arnica,  and 
Toxicodendron. 

Also,  an  epithet  for  a  tonio  convulsion. 

TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 

TETANO'THRA,  Tetanom'ata,  Erugato'ria, 
from  rtravos,  'free  from  wrinkles.'  Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles.  —  Gorrseus. 

TiTANOS,  Tetanus. 

TET'ANUS,  from  rtivu,  'I  stretch.'  Spasm 
with  rigidity,  ConvuVsio  In'dica,  Holoton'ia,  Ho- 
loton'icus,  Holotet'anus,  Tetanus  universalis,  Ri- 
gor nervo'sus  seu  nervo'rum,  Exten'eio  seu  Dis- 
ten'eio,  Enta'sia  tetanus,  Cat'ochus  cervi'nus,  Cat- 
ochus  holoton'icus,  (F.)  Titanos.  A  disease  which 
consists  in  a  permanent  contraction  of  all  the 
muscles  or  merely  of  some,  without  alternations 
of  relaxation.  It  is  characterized  by  closure  of 
the  jaws ;  difficulty  or  impracticability  of  deglu- 
tition ;  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  limbs  and 
trunk,  which  is  sometimes  curved  forwards  {Em- 
prosthot'onos),  sometimes  backwards  {Opisthot- 
onos), and  sometimes  to  one  side  {Pleurothot'o- 
nos).  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the  muscles 
of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trismus.  It  is  a  most 
formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treatment 
are :  — copious  and  repeated  blood-let4ing ;  bath* 
ing,  cold  and  warm ;  powerful  do**  of  opium, 


TBTARX8US 


8*0 


THALAMUS 


and  other  narcotic*.  In  Traumatic  Tetanut,  or 
thai  which  supervene*  on  a  wound,  every  extra- 
neous matter  mast,  of  course,  be  removed  from 
the  wound,  and  soothing  applications  be  made 
to  it 

Tetanus  A  uncus,  Emprosthotonos — t  Dolo- 
rifious,  Cramp — t  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos  —  t 
Lateralis!  Plearothotonos — t  Maxilla?  inferioris, 
Trismus  —  t  Posterganous,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Posticus,  Opisthotonos  —  t  Universalis,  see  Te- 
tanus. 

TETARTJEUS,  Quartan. 

TETARTOPHI'A,  from  rtraproe,  'the  fourth,' 
and  <p*»y  'I  arise.'  Quarta'nut  remit' tens.  A 
quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is  inordinately 
short  or  imperfect 

T&TE,  Caput,  Head  —  U  de  Veau,  Elephanti- 
asis of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  rtrpae,  'four,' and 
ipaxMt  *  a  drachm/  A  weight  of  four  drachms 
or  half  an  ounee. 

TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 

TETRAHIT  LON0IFLORUM,  Galeop- 
■is  grandiflora. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  rtroaq,  'four/  and  pv- 
pv,  *  an  ointment'  An  ointment  of  four  ingre- 
dients. —  Galen. 

TETRANGURIA,  Cocurbita  eitrnllns. 

TETRANTHE'RA  PICHU'RIM,  Faba  Px- 
ehurim,  F.  Pechu'rei.  The  seeds  of  this  Brazilian 
plant  have  been  used  in  diarrhoea,  dysentery, 
(flatulent  colic,  Ac.     Dose,  J)rj. 

TETRA'O  COTUR'NIX,  Coturnix,  the  Quail, 
(F.)  CailU.  The  quail  is  an  esteemed  article  of 
diet  The  Greek  name  is  opruf ;  and  the  places, 
called  Ortygia,  are  named  after  it.  The  excre- 
ments of  the  quail  were  formerly  extolled  in  epi-< 
lepsy,  and  the  fat  in  specks  of  the  eye. 

TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rtrpae,  'four,' 
and  <pappaKot>,  '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine  consist- 
ing of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  rtrpa,  'four,'  and  <r«  Ao$, 
'  leg.'    A  monster  having  four  legs.  —  Gurlt 

TETROB'OLON.  The  weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples. —  Gorrmus. 

TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  nerpes  —  t  Crusted,  Impetigo  —  t 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa — t  Humid,  Eczema 
impetigo — t  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis — t  Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo — t  Running,  Impetigo — t  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidonium  majus. 

TEUCRIUM  ^GTPTIACUM,  T.  capitatum 
— t  Belium,  T.  capitatum. 

Teucrium  Capita'tum,  Foley  Mountain  of 
MontpeVlier,  T.  Bel'ium  seu  jEgypti'acum,  Po'- 
lium  Capita'tum,  is,  generally,  substituted  for  the 
last  The  e<  mmon  Polev  Mountain  is  the  Teu- 
crium monta'num;  and  the  Golden  Poley  Moun- 
tain, the  Teucrium  Po'lium,  Po'lion. 

Teu'crium  Chamjs'drts,  T.  officina'U,  Cha- 
madryt,  C.  minor  repent,  C.  vulga'rie,  Quer'cula 
minor  seu  Galamandri'na,  Tritta'go,  Chama'- 
dropt,  Trixa'go,  Common  German'der,  Creeping 
Germander, Small  Germander, English  Treacle,  (F.) 
Petit  chine,  Germandrie  officinale.  Family,  Labi- 
ates. Sex.  Svtt.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This 
is  possessed  of  aromatic  and  bitter  properties. 
The  dose  of  the  dried  powder  is  from  gss  to  jg. 

Teucrium  Cham^p'itts,  Chamcepitys,  Arthet'- 
ica.  Arthretica,  Aju'ga,  A.  Chamap'ityt,  Bu'gula 
Chamai'pityt,  Abiga,  Chamamo'rut,  fva  arthrit'- 
4ea,  Holoc'yron,  Io'nia,  Sideri'tit,  CommonGround- 
pine,  (F.)  Petite  Ivette.  Properties  like  the  last 
The  tops  or  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 


aperients  and  tonics ;   especially  in  fcaak  «V 
structions,  and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

Teucrium  Cret'icum,  T.  hynopi/o'Unm 
Rotmarinifo'lium,  Rotmari'nmt  ita'chadit  /«*, 
Poley-mountain  of  Candy,  Pe'littm  (VriVta 
The  tops  and  whole  herb  enter  into  the  old  c  =• 
pounds,  Mithridate  aftffl  Theriaca.  It  bu  is- 
derately  aromatic  smell;  and  a  nameon-Ora 
taste,  and  is  placed  among  the  aperiento  ltd  cor- 
roborants. 

Teucrium  Flatty  has  similar  property  » 
T.  chamsedrys. 

Teucrium  Htssoftfolium,  T.  Cretiwa. 

Teucrium  Iva,  Chama'pity*  mothe'i*,  hi 
motcha'ta  Montpelien'tium,  It*,  Cftaswpty  * 
thyl'lut,  Frenek  Groundpine,  (F.)  Ivette  ■«•?«*•■ 
It  has  similar  virtues  to  T.  ChamBpityi,  ta  ■ 
weaker. 

Teucrium  MARiriMTni,  T.  Mann. 

Teucrium  Marum,  T.  mart fimun,  Men*!? 
riacum,  Marum  Cret'ienm,  Majora'na  Sp** 
Marum  verum,  M,  Cortu'ti,  Chamm'drn  iV«« 
marit'ima  seu  norm,  Marum  germander,  tr*1 
herb  mattich,  Cat  thyme,  Orig'aitum  Spun*. 
(F.)  Marum  ou  Germandrte  maritime,  //"** 
chatt.  A  very  aromatic  plant,  of  a  enajsk-n** 
smell;  formerly  much  used  in  medicine  u  » i<** 
antispasmodic,  emmenagogne,  Ac 

Teucrium  Officinale,  T.  eham«drj»-t.  fr 
lustre,  T.  scordium  —  t  Pyramidal*,  A)sg>"1 
Rosmarinifolium,  T.  Cretieum. 

Teucrium  Scor'diuh,  T.palut'trt,  WaiT"- 
mander,  Scordium,  Tritta'go  paMiri$,  M** 
dry  paluttrit  sou  tcorJdium1  ATUwm  m  ■*■ 
(F.)  Germandrie  Scorodone,  Saugtde* fc*''£ 
mandrSe  aquatique.  The  leaves  hsTesgv-*" 
smell,  and  bitterish,  slightly  pungent  &u-  * 
has  the  tonic  properties  of  the  other  Tenora. 

TEXTUM  INTERLOBULARE,  Iflterlcw* 
tissue. 

TEXTURA,  Texture  —  t  Organic*,  Hstn 

TEX'TURAL.  Same  etymon  as  Textart  * 
lating  or  appertaining  to  a  texture. 

TEXTURE,  Textu'ra,  Textue,  from  iwr*.» 
turn, '  to  weave.'  Tela,  Hypha,  Hypkl.  Ttf.?*- 
ticular  arrangement  of  the  tissues  thai  *&.•**** 
an  organ.  . 

TEXTUS,  Texture,  Tissue— t  CdMosns.C'* 
lar  tissue— t  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue— »->«■ 
vorum,  Plexus  nervorum — t  OrgaB«*-f*'** 
tissue— t  Papillaris,  Corpus  papillare-t  V** 
chymalia,  Cellular  tissue. 

TH^RIA,  Radiyge.  ,    ^ 

THAL'AMUS,  SaUut,  (F.)  CW*'.  'A1** 
or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  atwhi*  ■«* 
originates,  or  has  been  considered  to  orifw*' 

Thai/ami  Nervo'rum  OPTico'Rm  m  Of  »• 
Eminen'tia  magna  cerebri,  Ganglia  cm**  ^ 
ti'ca,  Crura  medul'lm  oblongata  (of  some' ;>* 
a'ta  cor'pora  euper'na  poeterio'ra,  C«M<  »'^ 
vo'rum  optico'rum,  Optic  thafavi,  ^°Jw*Tt''^ 
ebral  gan'glion,  (F.)  Couches  da  ner/t  <**•<* 
(Ch.)  Couchee  dee  ner/t  optiquet,  Co*c*»  ^'|t* 
Two  rounded  and  irregular  surfaces,*^ J 
seen  exposed  in  the  lateral  ventricle*  of ,h*  n  • 
and  in  the  third  ventricle,  the  inferior  wr^ 
which  presents  two  projections,  eslle<i  (*T  t 
genicula'ta,  that  furnish  several  fi!a»«t*  \  .* 
optic  nerves.  The  name  was  given  fro"  *^ 
that  the  optic  nerves  originate  from  then-  *  t 
however,  arise  more  posteriorly,  ■ndadbw**^ 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  «*•  t"r 
ders,  that  the  thalami  act  as  gaagHo**  ^ 
nerves ;  and,  hence,  he  calls  them  Grs»*  fj^ 
cfrfbral  inferieur.  They  are,  also,  ^/^ 
rior  ganglion  of  the  cerebrum.  Frost  tw  »•£ 
and  corpora  striata  fibree  proceed  uv******^ 
stitute  the  convolutions  of  the  trait'  tfi 


THALICTRON 


851 


THEORY 


various  bands  that  connect  tbe  different  parts  of 
the  brain  together.  The  upper  and  inner  parte 
of  the  thalami  are  so  closely  connected  as  to  form 
one  continued  surface,  called  Commie»ufra  mollis. 
The  posterior  parts  turn  downwards  and  out- 
wards ;  after  which  they  are  elongated  to  form 
the  two  white  cords,  termed  Tractue  op'tici. 

Thalamus  Reoalis,  Pericardium. 

THALIC'TRON,  Thalictrum,  T.  magnum,  sen 
flavum  Beujlaves'cens  sen  praten'ei  sen  nigricans 
seu  rugo'eum  sen  vagina'tum,  Meadow-rue,  Poor 
Man' t  Rhubarb,  Rhabar'barum  pau'perum,  (F.) 
Pigamon  janndtre,  Hue  dee  pre*,  Faueee-Rhu- 
barbe,  Rhabarbe  deepauvree.  Family,  Ranuncu- 
laceae.  Sex.  Syet,  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The 
root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALICTRUM  ANEMONOI'DES,  Meadow 
Rue,  Rue-leaved  Anem'ony  ;  an  indigenous  plant, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

THAMARINDUS,  Tamarindus. 

THANASIMUS,  Mortal. 

THANATODES,  Mortal 

TIIAN'ATOID,  ThanatoVdee;  from  forarp;, 
'death/  and  ubest  ' resemblance.'  Resembling 
death.    Apparently  dead. 

THANATOI/OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thneeeo- 
log"ia,  from  Bavaret,  'death/  ana  Aoyof,  'a  dis- 
course.'  A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of  death. 

THANATOS,  Death. 

THAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thapras.  The 
deadly  carrot,  Thapeia  aecWpiae.  Family,  Um- 
bellifene.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 

THAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbasoum  nigrum. 

T II A  RSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THASPIUM  ATROPURPU'REUM,  Th.  ear- 
da' turn,  Round  heart.  The  flowers,  whioh  appear 
in  June,  are  of  a  dark  purple. 

Thab'pium  Barbino'dI,  Meadow  Parenep.  An 
indigenous  plant,  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
States, —  Order,  Umbellifers, — which  flowers  in 
June.    Flowers,  yellow. 

Both  plants  have  been  esteemed  vulnerary, 
an ti syphilitic,  and  diaphoretio ;  and  as  antidotes 
to  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

Thaspium  Cordatum,  Th.  atropurpureum. 

TH£,  Thea—*.  dee  Apalaehee,  Hex  vomitoria 
— I.  de  France,  Salvia — t.  d?  Europe,  Salvia  vero- 
nica— t.  de  la  Met  du  eud,  Hex  vomitoria — t.  du 
Mexique,  Cbenopodium  ambrosioides  —  t,  de  Si- 
mon Pauli,  Myrica  gale  —  t.  Suite,  Falltranok. 

THEA,  Chaa,  Tea,  (F.)  Thi,  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant;  the  Thea  Bohe'a, 
and  Thea  vir'idie ;  the  black  tea,  and  the  green. 
Family,  Hesperidese.  Sex.  Syet.  Polyandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  In  commeroe,  many  kinds  of  tea  are 
met  with.  Several  of  the  differences  between 
these  appear  to  result  from  the  age  at  which  the 
leaves  have  been  collected,  and  the  mode  of  their 
desiccation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  Into  Europe  about 
the  year  1666 ;  since  which  time  its  use  has  become 
almost  universal;  and,  in  spite  of  the  assertions  of 
medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in  particular  idio- 
syncrasies, entirely  harmless. 

By  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Tea  has  been  used  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  tea,  Mint 
tea,  Ac 

Thea  Germanica,  Veronica. 

THEBE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given  to 
supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesius,  a  German 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  small  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
auricle ;  and  which  have  been  called  Foram'ina 
\ 


Thebe'eii.  No  such  veins  can  be  demonstrated. 
The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coronary  vein, 
in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Yalvula  Thebe'eii, 
V.  Quiffartia'na,  V.  vena  magna. 

THECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath  — t  Cerebri, 
Cranium — t  Cordis,  Pericardium — t.  Vertebralis, 
see  Vertebral  canal. 

THEION,  Sulphur. 

THEIOPEGJB,  Water,  mineral  (sulphureous.) 

THEIOTHERMJE,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu 
reous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 

THELASMUS,  Lactation. 

THELASTRIA,  Nurse. 

THELE,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

THELI'TIS,  from  BnXrj,  'the  female  nipple/ 
'  the  female  breast/  and  itie,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

THELON'CUS,  Mastoncus. 

THELOS,  Mamma. 

THELYGON'IA,  from  ^Xoe,  'pertaining  to 
the  female  sex/  and  y#v»,  'generation.'  The  part 
taken  by  the  female  in  the  act  of  generation. 
Also,  nymphomania. 

THELYGONUM,  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 

THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquilina. 

THENAD,  ThenaL 

THENAL,  Thenar/  same  etymon  as  thenar. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  thenar. 

Then al  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  thenar  is  situated. — Barclay.  The- 
nad  is  used,  adverbially,  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  thenal  aspect.' 

THENAR,  Stvap,  from  $iw»,  'I  strike.'  The 
palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  the  foot. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus,  Palm. 

Thenar  or  Thenal  Eminence  is  the  projec- 
tion at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand, 
formed  by  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens,  and 
flexor  brevis  pollicles. 

Thenar  or  Thenal  Muscle.  Riolan  and 
WinBlow  give  this  name  to  the  fleshy  mass, 
formed  of  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis 
and  the  anterior  part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis 
In  the  foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thend 
muecle  to  the  abductor  and  flexor  brevis  pollici 
pedis. 

THEOBROMA  CACAO,  Cacao. 

THEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

THEOPLEGIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEORETICAL,  Theoret'icul,  Theo'ricut 
from  $tmptm,  '  I  contemplate.'  (F.)  Thtoritiqw 
Thiorique.  That  whioh  is  confined  to  theory,  or* 
is  connected  with  it  An  epithet  also  applied  to 
a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doctrine 
ohiefly  on  reasoning. 

THEORIA,  Theory. 

THJSORIQUE,  Theoretical. 

THE'ORY,  Theo,ria,  from  $*»/>«*,  'I  contem- 
plate.' The  speculative  part  of  a  science.  Tbe 
connexion  established  in  the  mind  between  a 
general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  number  of  gene- 
ral facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts  dependent 
thereon:  for  example,  the  motions  of  the  heavenly 
bodies,  and  the  most  important  natural  pheno- 
mena are  connected  with  a  single  fact,  previously 
known  by  observation;  viz.  that  the  force  of  gra- 
vity acts  inversely  according  to  the  square  of  the 
distance.  This  constitutes  the  theory  of  univer- 
sal gravitation.  Theory  must  not  be  confounded 
with  eyetem.  Theory  regards  nature  as  it  is,  and 
is  a  rigid  deduction  from  facts.  Syetem  is  too 
often  the  creature  of  the  imagination,  to  which 
nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theory  of  Medicine,  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
Theoretical  Medicine,  is  that  part  of  the  science 


THEIOTHERMJS 


852 


THIRST 


which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselves 
daring  health  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Intitule*  of  Medi- 
cine are  generally  considered  to  comprise  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Pathology,  Hy- 
giene, and  Therapeutics.  By  some,  it  is  con- 
sidered to  include  General  Pathology  and  Gene- 
ral Therapeutics. 

THEIOTHERM-fi,  Waters,  mineral!  sulphu- 
reous. 
THERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 
THE  RAPE  USIS,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUTA,  Therapeutist 
THERAPEUTICE,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TICS,  Therapeu'tid,  Therapeu'- 
sia,  Therapeu'sis,  Iatrotech'nicl,  Practice  of  Phy- 
sic, TherapeVa,  Therapi'a,  Curato'ria  Meth'odus, 
Method™  Meden'di,  from  $«pa«w#,  'I  wait  upon, 
I  alleviate,  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'    (P.)  Thira- 
peutique.    That  part  of  medicine,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  treatment  of  disease.    With  others, 
the  department  which  comprises  an  explanation 
of  the  modus  operandi  of  medicines. 
TffJCBAPEUTIQUB,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TISlC  Therapeu'ta.    Same  ety- 
mon.    One  who  practises  therapeutics.    A  prac- 
titioner of  medicine.    To  he  a  good  therapeutist, 
a  man  must  he  well  versed  in  every  department 
of  medicine,  and  he  capable  of  observing  and  rea- 
soning well    He  may  he  a  good  observer,  and 
?ret  a  bad  reasomr.    He  cannot  practise  well  un- 
ess  he  is  both.    Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 
THERAPIA,  Therapeutics. 
THERIA,  Radayge. 

THERIAC,  Theriaca— t.  of  Antipater,  Anti- 
patri  theriaca. 

THERIACA,  Svpiaxa,  The'riac,  from  $r,p,  'a 
ferocious  or  venomous  animal/  and  atcofiat,  'I 
'  oure.'  Treacle.  (F.)  Thiriaque.  A  medicine, 
believed  to  be  capable  of  curing  or  preventing 
the  effects  of  the  bite  of  a  venomous  animal.  In 
this  sense  it  is  chiefly  used  by  writers.  Theriae 
and  Theriacal  have  been  used  adjeotively  for 
medicinal  # 

Theriaca  Androm'achi,  Venice  Treacle,  is  an 
ancient  alexipharmic  electuary ;  consisting  of  a 
farrago  of  61  different  ingredients,  which  pos- 
sessed the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
by  order  of  Nero.  It  has  received  various  modi- 
fications ;  and,  to  the  discredit  of  the  FaculU  de 
Mldecine  of  Paris,  has  held  its  place  in  their 
Codex,  with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Electua'rium  Opia'tum  poluphar1. 
macum  of  the  Codex  has  contained  acid  ingre- 
dients, 5;  astringent,  5;  bitter,  22  j  indigenous  aro- 
matice,  10;  umbelliferous  aromatice,  7;  balsams 
and  resinous  substances,  8 ;  fetid  ingredient*,  6 ; 
narcotics,  lj  earthy  substances,  lj  gummy  or  amy- 
laceous 4 ;  eaccharine,  3 ;  total  72 !  and  one  of 
these  the  flesh  of  the  viper  I  A  little  more  than 
a  grain  of  opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of 
the  compound. 

Theria/;a  Cblestis,  Tinctura  opii— -t  Com- 
munis, Molasses  —  t  Edinensis,  Confectio  opii. 

Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Londihen'sis,  Cataplasma  Qymi'ni. 
A  cataplasm  of  cumin  teed,  bay  berriee,  german- 
der snakeroot,  cloves,  honey,  and  sometimes  opium, 
or  syrup  of  poppies. 
Theriaca  Rusticobum,  Allium. 
THMrIAQUE,  Theriaca. 
THERIAKI.   In  Turkey,  opium-eaters,  or  they 


who  indulge  largely  in  the  use  of  opiums 
called. 

THERIATRICA,  Veterinary  sit 

THERIODES,  Ferine. 

THERIO'MA,  Theriontfnmb*,1*™*" 
animal.'  Any  extremely  malignant  oleer.  Sort- 
times  confined  to  ulcers  of  the  lunga 

THERION,  Therioma. 

THERIOTOMY,  Zootomy. 

THERMA,  Heatr-t  Emphytum,Anb«lta» 

THERALB,  $«<>/.«,  Ther'mata.  Warn  tan 
or  springs.    See  Waters  (mineral) 

Therm*  Fabarijb,  Pfeffers  Mineral  *«» 
of—  t  Piperinee,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Vaien  u'-t 
PlumbarisB,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waten  ci 

THERMAL,  Therma'lis;  from  hssn,  '**' 
$tpw,  '  hot'  Relating  or  apperUiniug  » b* 
Hot,  warm.    As  '  a  thermal  mineral  wt». 

THERMANTICA,  Calefacient*. 

THERMASMA,  Fomentation. 

THERMATA,  Thermae.      . 

THERMUM  EMPHYTUM,  Animal  n«ai> 
lychnium. 

THESIS,  Bans,  from  n*fu»  'to  pi**-''1 
position  or  proposition.'  Dispute4***,  I****** 
Dieecrta'tion.  The  name  usually  given  w  ~J 
essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  gradnao*  * 
medicine,  which  he  is  at  times  required  w  d*» 
publicly.  Often,  however,  it  fa  »  ma*^ 
giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the*** 
inasmuch  as  it  is  executed  as  a  task,  and  k* 
afterwards  regarded  by  the  preceptor  or  by  «tt» 
Sandifort,  Haller,  Smellie,  and  StoU,  feanp* 
lished  collections  of  these. 

Also,  a  suffix  denoting  '  arrangenent,  »* 
Diathesis. 

THEVE'TIA  A'HOUAI,  AhouaL  Thekenr- 
of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  sre  said »«» 
violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles,  its  d»»  * 
called  Noix  de  Serpent ;  and  they  are  wed  »P3b 
the  bites  of  serpents. 

THIGH,  Sax.  tteoh,  Femur,  Feme*,^* 
rut,  Me'rium,  (F.)  Ouisse.  Tbe  pert  of  tit  ^ 
limb  which  extends  from  the  pdwtott*^ 
The  thigh  is  larger  at  its  superior  than  ^ 
part,  and  has  the  form  of  an  inverted  an*  tr- 
eated cone,  slightly  depressed  from  wi*»  *> 
wards.  Above,  it  U  bounded,  emtenorty*!?. 
groin;  externally,  by  the  hip;  Miri*Jj^ 
of  the  nates ;  and  with ' 
Below,  it  is  bounded, 

nence  of  the  knee;  pc .^,  -„ 

is  formed  of  a  considerable  number  of  n*( 
blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves,  *«•;  ** 
covered  by  a  strong  aponeurosis.  ,^ 

THIGHBONE,  Femur— L  Keek  of  tbft  I** 
fern  oris. 
THION,  Sulphur.  ^      t  ^ 

THIRST,  Sax.  »**!*>  0>-)  P.°.r! *;*.  . 
Dipsa,  Potio'nis  deeidefrium,  (F.)  Sot)-  *?- 
desire  or  an  absolute  want  for  liqnt«-  J£ 
logists  are  not  entirely  agreed  regain? *£., 
of  thirst;  some  place  it  in  the  £aue»;  ^ 
the  stomach.  Its  immediate  cause  »  «*  *•;  h 
It  has  been  attributed  to  a  dry  eoadio*- ; 
nervous  papilla  of  the  pharynx,  F***^ 
suppression  of  the  salivary  and  ■■*•■!' ' ,t 
tions.  This  is  probably  true;  bat,  »«**/. 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  *T8tem»  ~T *  *!£-* 
fluid  being  required  to  compensate  toes  ^ 
losses  that  are  constantly  taking  p***  ^ 
is  an  internal  sensation,— no  '^■JJV  '; 
arising  from  organisation,  and  ^P"**^ 
1s  an  urgent  symptom  in  many  dises**  r> 
larly  in  those  of  vascular  exciteaoeat.      ^ 

Thirst,  Bxoesbitjs,  Polydipsia- 1  * 
Dipsoaia.  . 


by  the  hip;  behind,  » «»•- 
I  within,  by  the  perineal  i** 
ided,  anteriorly,  by  the  F*: 
*;  posteriorly,  hj  &  *»  [ 


THIRSTY 


853 


THORACODIDYMUS 


THIRSTY,  Dipsodes. 

THISTLE,  BLESSED,  Centaurea  benedicta 
—  t  Cotton,  Onopordium  acanthium —  t  Globe, 
Eohinops — t  Holy,  Centaurea  benedicta — t  La- 
dies', Carduus  Marianne — t  Milk,  common,  Car- 
dans Marianus  —  t  Pine,  Atractylus  guminifera 
— t  Sow,  Sonohus  oleraceus — t  Star,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa — t  Yellow,  Argemone  Mexicana. 

THLADIAS,  Eunuch 

THLASIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLASIS,  Contusion  —  t  Depressio,  Depres- 
sion. 

THLASMA,  Contusion — t  Concussio,  Conous- 
lion  —  t  Stremma,  Sprain. 

THLASPI,   Pennyereee.     Family,   CrucifersB. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.    Two  species 
of  thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias, 
for  medical  use : — the  Thlaspi  arven'ei  or  Treacle 
,  mustard,  and  the  Thlaspi  campee'tri  seu  hinu'tum 

■eu  vulga'tiue,  Lepidfium  campee'tri,  Lep'ia  cam- 
pes' trie,  lbe'ria  campee'tri*,  Mith'ridate  mustard. 
The  pharmaceutical  properties  of  both  kinds  re- 
semble those  of  common  mustard.  ' 
1  Thlaspi  Bursa,  Th.  bur $a' turn,  CapeeWa  buna 

pasto'rie,  lbe'ria  buna  pastoris,  Nasturtium  buna 
pastoris,  RodechWdia  buna  paeto'ris,  Buna  pas- 
>  to'rU,  (F.)  Bourse  d  berger,  Bourse  d  pasteur,  Ta- 

i  bouret,  Shepherd's  ^purse.     A  common  European 

plant,  introduced  into  this  country.    It  is  slightly 
}         astringent,  but  is  little  used. 

Thlaspi  Buksatum,  Thlaspi  bursa — th.  Na- 
i  aturtium,  Lepidium  sativum — th.  Sativum,  Lepi- 
i  dium  sativum. 

t  THLIBIA8,  Eunuoh. 

THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  B^tt,  'com- 
pression/ and  tyKt<pa\9t,  'the  encephalon.'    A 
,         monster  in  whom  the  skull  is  open,  not  merely  in 
the  frontal  and  parietal,  but  also  in  the  occipital 
regions  —  a  distinct  fontanelle  not  existing. 

THLIP'SIS,  $A«t/nf,    Compres'eio.     Compres- 
sion, and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  by  an 
xternal  cause.     Oppression. 

THNESCOLOGIA,  Tbanatoloey. 

THOLUS,  Achicolum— t  Diocleus,  Scapha. 

THOMPSO'NIAN.  One  who  practises  or  be- 
lieves in  Thompsonianism. 

THOMPSO'NIANISM,  Thomp'sonism.  A  fan- 
ciful doctrine,  of  which  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Thompson,  of  New  York,  is  the  founder.  One 
of  its  leading  principles  is,  that  the  human  body 
is  composed  of  four  element*  (?),  earth,  air,  fire 
1  and  water;    and  one  of  its  apothegms,  —  that 

metals  and  minerals  are  in  the  earth,  and,  being 
extracted  from  the  depths  of  the  earth,  have  a 
tendency  to  carry  all  down  into  the  earth  who 
use  them ;  that  the  tendency  of  all  vegetables  is 
to  spring  up  from  the  earth,  and  therefore  to  up- 
hold mankind  from  the  grave. 

The  Thompsonians  are  Botanic  Physicians. 

THORACENTESIS,  Paracentesis  Thora'cis, 
from  £wpaf,  'the  thorax,'  and  kcvtvcis,  'perfora- 
tion.' Tapping  the  thorax.  Perforation  of  the 
thorax. 

THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic 

THORACIC,  Thorac"ieue,  from  thorax,  'the 
chest;'  (F.)  Thoraeique  ou  Thorachxque.  That 
what  relates  or  belongs  to  the  chest;  as  Thoracic 
vis'cera,  Ac. 

Thoracic  Inferior  Artert,  Arte'ria  Tho- 
rac"iea  Externa  Jn/e'rior  vel  Longa,  A.  mam- 
ma'ria  externa,  A.  Thoraeica  inferior,  (F.)  Deux- 
tome  dee  Thoraeiquee  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  axil- 
lary, a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends 
vertically  over  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards ;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  divides  into 
several  branches,  which  embrace  the  breast  It 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  peetoralis 


major,  Berratus  anticus,  interoostals,  ganglions  of 
the  axilla,  mamma,  Ac. 

Thoracic  Superior  Artery,  Arte'ria  Thora- 
eica Externa  Superior,  (F.)  Artire  thoraeique  «i- 
pirieure,  Premiere  dee  Thoraeiquee  (Ch.),  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial ; 
and  descends  forwards  between  the  peetoralis 
major  and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself 
by  a  great  number  of  branches.  In  some  sub- 
jects, there  are  two  or  three  Arteries  thoraeica 
externa  superiores. 

Thoracic  Duct,  Duetu*  thorae"icu*  seu  chy' li- 
fer sen  chyli  seu  lae'teus  seu  ro'rifer  seu  Pecquet i 
seu  Pecquetia'nue,  Vena  alba  thora'cis,  Alveue 
ampuUes'cens,  Distributo'rialactea  thoraeica,  Due- 
tu»  thoracicus  poete'rior  seu  vertebra' lie,  Galax'ia, 
Duct  of  Pecquet,  Alimen'tary  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  ou 
Conduit  Thoraeique,  is  the  duct  in  which  the 
lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs,  abdomen,  left  su- 
perior extremity,  left  side  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
thorax  terminate.  It  begins  at  the  receptaculum 
ehyli,  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  five  or  six 
large  lymphatic  trunks, — themselves  formed  from 
the  union  of  all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the 
abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest 
through  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the 
side  of  the  aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts 
in  dimension,  as  far  as  the  6th  dorsal  vertebra, 
when  it  inclines  towards  the  left  hand ;  ascends 
behind  the  arch  of  the  aorta ;  passes  behind  the 
left  internal  jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
It*  embouchure  is  furnished  with  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Limbs  are  the  upper  limbs ;  so  called 
because  they  are  articulated  with  the  lateral  and 
upper  parts  of  the  chest 

Thoracic,  Long  or  Inferior,  Mammary  infe- 
rior external  artery. 

Thoracic  Nerves.  The  ehort  or  anterior  tho- 
racic nerves  are  two  in  number.  They  arise  from 
the  brachial  plexus,  and  divide  into  an  anterior 
and  a  posterior  branch  : —  the  former  distributed 
to  the  peetoralis  major  muscle ;  the  latter  uniting 
with  a  branch  of  the  other  to  form  a  loop,  from 
which  numerous  branohes  are  given  off  to  the 
peetoralis  major  and  p.  minor. 

The  long  thorac"ic  nerve,  Poete'rior  thorao"ie, 
External  reepiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  is  a  long 
branch,  which  arises  from  the  fourth  and  fifth 
cervical  nerves,  immediately  after  their  escape 
from  the  intervertebral  foramina,  and  passes 
downwards  to  be  distributed  upon  the  serratus 
magnus  muscle. 

Thoracic  Regions  are  the  different  regions  of 
the  chest  Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  Ac. 

THORACICA,  Pectorals. 

THORACICS,  FIRST  OF  THE,  Mammary 
superior  external  artery. 

THORACIQUE,  Thoracic 

THORACOCENTESIS,  from  £wp«{,  'the 
chest,'  and  Ktmjets,  'puncture.'  Paracentesis 
thora'cis.  Puncture  of  the  chest  to  evacuate  con- 
tained fluid  —  as  in  empyema. 

THORACOCYSTIS,  Thoracystis. 

THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymue 
sym'phyo-thoracogas'trius,  Xyphbdid'ymus :  from 
&wpa£, '  the  chest,'  ya<mjp,  *  the  belly,'  and  iidvpof, 
'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  unu 
ted  by  the  chest  and  abdomen. — Gurlt 

THORACO-FACIAL,  Platysma  myoides  —  L 
Maxillo-facial,  Platysma  myoides. 

THORACODIDYMUS,  from  £wpa£,  'the  chest,' 
and  idwiw,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  thorax. — Gurlt 


THOBACODYNE 


SU 


THYMUS 


THORACODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 

THORACOPATHI'A,  from  $«/>a{,  'the  chest,' 
and  ratios,  '  disease.'  Disease  or  suffering  in  the 
chest 

THORACOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation. 

THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocystis,  from  $*pa$, 
*  the  chest,'  and  Kvens,  *  a  bladder.'  Encysted 
dropsy  of  the  chest.    Hydatids  in  the  chest. 

THORAX,  fapat,  *  a  cuirass,  a  coat  of  mail.' 
Cith'arvs,  Venter  me'dius,  Pectus,  Stethns,  Scutum 
pec' (oris,  the  Breast,  the  Chest,  Bit,  Chelys,  Cas- 
ta, (P. )  Poitrine.  One  of  the  splanchnic  cavities  j 
bounded,  posteriorly,  by  the  vertebras ;  laterally, 
by  the  ribs  and  scapula ;  anteriorly,  by  the  ster- 
num; above,  by  the  clavicle;  and  below,  by  the 
diaphragm.  It  is  destined  to  lodge  and  protect 
the  chief  organs  of  respiration  and  circulation  — 
the  lungs  and  the  heart. 

Thorax,  Corset 

THORB,  Sperm. 

THORN  APPLE,  Datura  stramonium— t  Red, 
Datura  San  guinea. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Enpatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROUGH  WAX,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROW-WAX,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

THORULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 

THREADWORM,  Draeunculus— t  Long,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 

THREPSOL'OGY,  Threpsolog"ia,  from  V4,ij, 
'nutrition,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  nutrition  of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

THREPTICE,  Assimilation. 

THRIDACE,  Lactucarium. 

THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAVENDER,  Statiee  Hmonium— t 
American,  Statiee  Caroliniana  —  t  Sea-side,  Sta- 
tiee Carolinians. 

THRIX,  Capillus,  Hair. 

THROAT,  Sroce,  bpoCa,  Jugulum,  J*fer*ftr"- 
ium  Jugula'rl,  Outtur,  Sphagi.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  neck.  (F.)  Gorge.  Also,  the  Fauces,  (F.) 
Qosier. 

THROATROOT,  Geum  Virginianum,  Liatris. 

THROATWORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 

THROBBING,  Pulsati'vus,  Sphyg'micus, 
8phygmofdes,  Pul'satory.  A  throbbing  pain,  (F.) 
itouletir  pulsative,  is  a  kind  of  pain  which  is,  or 
seems  to  bo,  augmented  by  the  pulsation  of  ar- 
teries. 

THROE,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 

THROMBI  LACTEI,  Infarctui  mamma 
lacteus. 

THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  Spopfa,  'a  dot,' 
and  kvotk,  'a  cyst.'  The  cyst  occasionally  sur- 
rounding a  clot  of  blood — as  in  encephalic  he- 
morrhage. 

THROMBOSIS,  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 

THROMBUS,  $pop0os,  'a  dot,'  from  rptfrtv, 
( to  coagulate ;'  Thrombosis,  Trumbus,  Hamato'- 
ma.  A  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour ;  formed 
by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity  of  a  vein 
which  has  been  opened  in  the  operation  of  blood- 
letting. The  thrombus  is  most  commonly  owing 
to  the  opening  in  the  vein  and  that  of  the  skin 
not  corresponding ;  to  excessive  smallneas  of  the 
cutaneous  orifice;  or  to  small,  fatty  granules, 
which  prevent  the  discharge  of  the  blood.  Com- 
presses, dipped  in  salt  water;  oamphorated  spirit, 
and  slight  compression,  usually  disperse  it  See 
Blood. 

Thrombus  Neonatorum,  Cephalaomatoma. 

THROTTLE,  Trachea. 

THROW,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 


THROWORT,  Leonoras  cardiacs. 

THRUSH,  AphthsB  — t  Milk,  Aphtha-t 
White,  Aphtha*. 

THRYPSIS,  Comminution. 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALS,  Thuya  occife 
talis. 

THUREA,  Juniperus  lycia— t  Virgi,  Jmij* 
rus  lycia. 

THUS,  see  Pinus  abies— tFflemininoiB.wF- 
nus  abies — t  Judseorum,  Croton  ctmrilla.  $7 
rax,  Thymiama — t  Libanotos,  Junipenu  >i»- 
t  Masculum,  Juniperus  lycia—t  Venun,  Jbu|*- 
rus  lycia—t  Vulgare,  see  Pin  as  abies. 

THUYA  APHYLLA,  see  Sandarte. 

Thu'ya  seu  Thuja  Occidehta'lis,  T.  <*«'«. 
Cupres'sus  Arbor  Vita,  Arbor  Yite,  Tm  »;' 
Life.  Aa*.  Family,  Conifer*.  The  lear«  uJ 
wood  were  formerly  in  high  repute  u  it**.**'* 
sudorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were  {M<*~ 
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fever*,  t: 
dropsies.  The  expressed  juice  has  betn  »n-,: 
to  condylomata.  The  arrangement  of  the  Bhii- 
lary  matter  of  the  cerebellum,  termed  JA* 
Vita,  is  also  called  Thuya. 

THYLACI1TIS,  Gutta  rosea, 

THYM,  Thymus. 

THYMA,  Thymion. 

THYMALOS,  Taxus  baccata. 

THYMASTHM A,  Asthma  tbymiean. 

THYMBRA,  Satureia  hortensi*— t  Hi*** 
Thymus  mastichina. 

THYME,  CAT,Teucrium  Marum-t  Cmwx. 
Thymus — t  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpjllra-1 
Mother  of,  Thymus  serpyllnra  —  L  Vii.tr x 
Pycnanthemum  linifolium— L  Wild,  Thjrnu  ttf- 
pyllum. 

THYMEL-ffiA,  Daphne  gnidium-t  Urt •* 
Daphne  laureola— t.  Meierenm,  Daphne  &* 
reum — t  Monspeliaca,  Daphne  gnidinm. 

THYMELCO'SIS,  from  **,•«,  'taymaV** 
'eXicoj, '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the  thymu.- 1*< 

THYMI'AMA,  *V«f<>  'a  perfume;'  ** 
wood,  Thus  Jadao'rnm,  (F.)  Jiarcupht*.  A  W 
from  Syria,  Cilicia,  Ac,  supposed  to  be  tb*f> 
duct  of  the  liquid  storax  tree;  It  his  11  «w 
able,  balsamic  smell ;  approaching  that  of  «r* 
b  to  rax. 

Tbtktava,  Fumigation,  Suffimentwn. 

THYMIASIOTECHNIA,  Thymiatechuj. 

THYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

THYMIATECH'NY,  Thymiatteh'**,  fl£ 
asiotech'nia,  Cura  fumigato1 'ria,  from  ihrw>>  ~ 
odour,'  and  n*^,  'art'  The  art  of  emp^ 
perfumes  in  medicine. 

THYM'ION,  Thyma,  Thymus,  PorrunJ** 
Verru'ca  rhagoVdeo,  Yerru'ca  minor,  fro"  *•* 
'  thyme.'  A  small  wart  on  the  skin,  reseat 
a  bud  of  thyme. 

THYMIOSIS,  Frambcasia  — t  Indies,  fa* 
boesia.  t  .    . 

THYMI'TES.   Wine  impregnated  with  U>J* 

THYMI'TIS,  from  $•*•*«  thyB»V  »{ *J 
denoting  inflammation.  Intonation  <*  v 
thymus  gland. 

THYMOPATHI'A,  Psychopath?*  f*"** 
•the  mind,'  and  *a0<*,  'affection.'   A  *&* 
the  mind. 

THYMOS,  Rage. 

THYMOXAL'Mfi,  from  toft,  '**™\!2 
'acid,'  and  '«>*  ' salt'  A  compoond  of  tP" 
vinegar,  and  salt 

THYMUS,  $vu*s,  ManiTnla  &***•{* 
Thymiamum  seu  Thy'micum,  Glam'dnm.  7" 
gland,  Corpus  incompreheusib'iti  of  Jo*- * 
An  organ,  the  uses  of  which  aw  totsflr  w^0"1 


THYRA 


855 


THYROID 


and  which  is  seated  in  the  upper  separation  of 
the  anterior  mediastinum.  The  thy  mas  has  the 
appearance  of  a  glandular  body.  It  is  oblong ; 
hilobate ;  soft,  and  very  variable  in  size  and  co- 
lour. In  the  foetus,  it  is  very  large,  and  contains 
in  a  central  cavity  —  reservoir  of  the  thymus —  a 
milky  fluid;  but  it  gradually  disappears,  and  in 
old  age  ia  scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries, 
called  thymic,  are  from  the  inferior  thyroid,  inter- 
nal mammary,  bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The 
veins  have  the  same  arrangement  It  receives 
some  nervous  filaments  from  the  pneumogastric 
nerves,  the  phrenic,  and  the  inferior  cervical 
ganglia. 

Thymus,  T.  vulga'ris  sen  tenuifo'liu*  sen  hor- 
ten'si*,  Common  Thyme,  (P.)  Thym,  T.  ordinaire. 
Family,  Labiate.  Sex.  Syet.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  herb  has  an  agreeable,  aromatic 
smell ;  and  a  warm,  pungent  taste.  It  is  reputed 
to  be  resolvent^  emmenagogue,  tonic,  and  stoma- 
chic   It  is  not  much  used. 

Thymus,  Satnreia  capitata,  Thymion — t  Gala- 
minthus,  Melissa  calamintha — t  Capitatus,  Satu- 
reia  capitata— t  Ciliatus,  T.  mastichina — t  Cre- 
ticua,  Satureia  capitata — t  Hortensis,  Thymus — 
t  Includens,  T.  serpyllum. 

Thymus  Mastich'ina,  T.  cilia' t  us,  Common 
herb  Mattich,  Marum  vulga'ri,  Samp' such  us,  Cli- 
nopo'dia,  Mastich'ina  Gallo'rum,  Thymbra  His- 
pan'ica,  Jaca  In'dica.  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish 
plant,  used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like 
jnastich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  Marum 
Syria  cum  ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymus  Multiflobus,  Melissa  nepeta — t  Ne- 
peta, Melissa  nepeta. 

Thymus  Serpyl'luh,  T.  inolu'den*,  Mother  of 
Thyme,  Wild  Thyme,  Her'pylo*,  Herpyl'lo*,  Ser- 
pyl'lum,  Scrpul'lum,  Serpil'Utm,  Oila'rum,  Ser- 
pyl'lum  vulga're  minus,  (F.)  Serpolet.  This  plant 
has  the  same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden 
thyme ;  but  has  a  milder,  and  rather  more  grate- 
ful flavour.  Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  citra'- 
tum,  is  merely  a  variety  of  the  Thymus  Serpyllum. 
It  is  very  pungent ;  and  has  a  particularly  grate- 
ful odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 

Thymus  Sylvaticus,  Clinopodium  vulgare  — 
tb.  Sylvestris,  Satureia  capitata — th.  Tenuifo- 
lius,  Thymus. 

THYRA,  Ovpa,  'a  gate,  folding-door.'  In  com- 
position, Thyreo  and  Thvro,  Svpcos,  '  a  shield  re- 
sembling a  folding-door/ mean  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

THYREMPHRAXIS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREO,  Thyro,  in  composition,  relate  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage  or  gland. 

THYREOADENITIS,  Thyreoids. 

THYREO-ARYT'ENOID,  Thyro-arytenol- 
dcuB,  or  Thyro-arytenolde*.  That  which  relates 
to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  cartilages. 

Thyreo- arytenoid  Ligaments,  Inferior  Liga- 
ment* of  the  Larynx,  Lipe  of  the  Glottis,  Vocal 
Cords,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
formed  of  elastic  and  parallel  fibres,  which  are 
contained  in  a  duplicature  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 
arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle  of 
union  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  They  are  the 
essential  organs  of  voice.    See  Glottis. 

Thyreo- arytenoid  Muscles,  Thyreo-ary- 
tknoIdei,  are  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from  the 
middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage ;  whence  they  proceed 
backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into  the 
outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 
They  give  the  necessary  tension  to  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  in  the  production  of  the  voice. 


Santorini  has  given  the  name  Thyreo-arytenoU 
deu*  obliquus  to  a  portion  of  the  arytenoldeus 
muscle. 

T  H  Y  R  E  O-E  P I G  L  0  T'T  I C,  Thyreo-epialot- 
tideus,  Thyrepiglotficu*.  Sabatier  and  Santorini 
have  given  this  name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the 
thyro-arytenoid  muscle;  because  it  passes  from 
the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the 
epiglottis. 

THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hyotdeus,  Thyro- 
hyoid**, Byodcothyreo'des.  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoides. 

Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached  above  to  the  posterior  surfaee 
of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides j 
and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

T  H  Y  R  E  0-H  YO I D  E  U  S  or  Hyo-thyreo\deu* 
Muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  oblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its  great 
cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  os  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising  the  car- 
tilage, and  with  it  the  whole  larynx :  or,  it  can 
depress  the  os  hyoides. 

THYREO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyro-Pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREOIDEUS,  Thyroideal. 

THYREOFTIS,  Thyreo'ddeni'Hs,  Angi'na  thy- 
reoldea,  from  Svptos,  *  a  shield/  and  itis,  denot- 
ing inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  thyroid 
gland. 

THYREONCUS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREOPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYREPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyroepiglottic. 

THYRO,  see  Thyreo. 

THYRO-ARYTENOID,  Thyreo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS,  see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

THYRO-HYOIDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyreo-pharynaeu*. 
Valsalva,  Morgagni,  Santorini,  and  Winslow  have 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached  to  the  thy- 
roid cartilage. 

Thyro-Pharynoeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis, 
see  Crico-pharyngeal. 

THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa. 
lato-pharyngeus. 

THYROCELE,  Bronchocele. 

THYROID,  Thyreoid,  Thyrot'des,  from  Svpa, 
*  a  gate  or  folding-door,'  or  from  £vpro?,  '  a  shield/ 
and  ti&os,  '  form/  That  which  has  the  shape  of  a 
folding-door. 

Thyroid  Car'tilage,  Cariila'go  Scutifor'mis, 
C.  Scuta' lis,  C.  Clypea'li*,  Co'dpertorium,  C.  Pel- 
ta'li*  sen  pelta'tu*,  Scutum,  Ada' mi  Morsu*  Os, 
is  the  largest  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  which  it  is  situate.  It  is 
larger  transversely  than  vertically;  broader  above 
than  below ;  and  6eems  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  two  quadrilateral  plates,  which  produce, 
by  their  union,  an  angle  that  projects  forwards. 
Its  two  posterior  margins  terminate  above,  and 
on  each  side,  by  an  on  si  form  prolongation,  called 
the  greater  cornu  of  the  thyroid  cartilage/  and, 
below,  by  a  less  prominent  eminence,  the  lesser 
cornu,  which  is  articulated  with  the  cricoid. 

Thyroid  Gland,  Corpus  Thyredideum,  Glan'. 
dula  Thyreoldea,  (F.)  Gland  ou  Corp*  Tkyroid\, 
is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not  known.  It 
covers  the  anterior  and  inferior  oars  of  the  larynx, 


THYROIDBAL 


8M 


TIBIALIS 


M  well  ae  the  first  rings  of  the  trachea,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  two  lobes,  flattened  from  before 
to  behind,  which  are  united  by  a  transverse  pro- 
longation of  the  same  nature  as  themselves,  called 
the  Isthmus  of  the  Thyroid  Gland.  The  tissue  of 
the  thyroid  is  soft,  spongy,  and  of  a  brownish 
colour;  but  its  intimate  structure  is  unknown. 
It  is  formed  of  several  distinct  lobules;  collected 
in  lobes  of  greater  or  less  size.  These  are  com- 
posed of  granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a 
yellowish  or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland  re- 
ceives four  large  arteries,  called  Thyroideal,  as 
well  as  corresponding  veins.  Its  nerves  proceed 
from  the  pneumogastric,  and  from  the  cervical 
ganglia.  No  excretory  duct  has  ever  been  found 
in  it.    Its  uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  Thyroldcus,  Thyreoldeus,  (F,) 
Thyroldien.  That  which  concerns  the  thyroid 
gland  or  cartilage* 

Thyroideal  Arteries  are  two  on  each  side. 
1.  The  superior  Thyroideal,  superior  laryngeal, 
superior  guttural,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  external  carotid,  and  proceeds  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  after  having  given  off 
a  laryngeal  branch  and  a  crico-thyroid.  2.  The 
inferior  Thyroideal,  inferior  guttural,  much 
larger  than  the  last,  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  subclavian.  It  passes,  in  a  serpentine 
manner,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
to  which  it  is  distributed,  after  having  given  a 
number  of  branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
among  which  is  the  cervicalis  ascendent. 

Thyroideal  Veins  are,  1.  A  superior  thyroi- 
deal, and  several  middle  thyroideal,  which  open 
into  the  internal  jugular  vein.  2.  An  inferior 
thyroideal,  much  larger  than  the  preceding,  whose 
branches  form  —  by  anastomosing  with  those  of 
the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the  traohea  —  a 
very  remarkable  venous  plexus,  which  J.  Cloquet 
calls  the  infra-thyroideal  plexus.  The  inferior 
thyroideal  veins  open, — the  left  into  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian; — the  right,  into  the  vena 
cava  superior. 

THYROlDIEN,  Thyroideal. 

THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYRSUS,  Penis. 

TIBI-P£RON£0-TARSIENt  Peronaus 
longus. 

TIB'IA.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  *  flute 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Proene'mi,  Procne'mium,  Fo'cili 
majus,  Arun'do  major,  Canna  major,  Canna  major 
seu  domes' Hca  cruris.  The  largest  bone  of  the 
leg.  A  long,  irregular,  and  triangular  bone, 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.  It  has,  1. 
A  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which  is  very 
large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
Fides,  called  Tuberos'ities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibial 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.  On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 
concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  process,  called 
Spine  of  the  tibia,  which  are  articulated  with  the 
condyles  of  the  Os  femoris.  2.  An  inferior  or 
tarsal  extremity,  having  an  articular  surface  be- 
neath, which  joins  the  astragalus ;  within,  a  tri- 
angular eminenoe,  which  forms  the  malleolus  in- 
terims ;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular  surface, 
which  articulates  with  the  fibula.  3.  The  body 
or  shaft  of  the  tibia  has  three  faces,  separated  by 
three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the  most 
prominent,  and  is  called  the  spine  or  crista  of  the 
ribia  or  tibial  spine.  It  is  the  shin.  The  tibia  is 
articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula,  and  astragalus. 
It  is  developed  by  three  points  of  ossification, 
one  for  the  body,  and  one  for  each  extremity. 

Tibia  Mintha,  Fibula. 

TIBLffiUS,  Tibial. 

TIB'IAL,  Tibialis,  Txbia'us,  (F.)  Tibial,  Jam- 
tier    That  which  relates  to  the  tibia  or  to  the  leg. 


Tibial  Apomnmo'sis,  (F.)  Apvshrm  Je» 
biire,  surrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  u  «- 
tinuous,  above,  with  the  femoral  aponearcii.  uJ 
arises,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  awl  fna 
several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach  tkm- 
selves  from  the  tendons  of  the  trieept,  sarttfia. 
gracilis,  and  semitendinostts.  Tfaenee  it  dero* 
around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the  wlmfe  ex- 
tent of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of  the  til  a. 
It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which  pum  be- 
fore the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  eootinnoaj  rtt 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  Ums.  h 
is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the  pew 
muscles. 

Tibial  Arteries  are  two  in  number.  l.E» 
Tibia' lie  Anti'ca,  which  arises  from  the  pof'isal 
artery,  before  its  bifurcation ;  passes  imnwMj 
through  the  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  thea- 
terosseous  ligament,  and  reaches  theantmcijtf, 
of  the  leg ;  when  it  turns  downwards,  al  *■ 
scends  obliquely,  between  the  extensor  eomwri 
digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  antic**,  uteri* 
to  the  interosseous  ligament ;  glide!  wrier  fe 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarns,  and  late 
the  name  Dorsalis  tarsi.  Amongst  the  Darnerm 
branches,  given  off  by  the  tibialis  anuea,mj* 
distinguished  —  the  Tibialis  recur'rtat,  A.  *> 
leola'ris  interna,  and  A.  malleolar*  tittm.  I 
The  Tibialis-  posti'ca,  arises  from  thehifewba 
of  the  popliteal  artery ;  and,  slightly  torts  * 
descends  between  the  two  planes  of  the  pi*wt 
muscles  of  the  leg ;  until  it  arrives  under  to 
arch  of  the  calcaneum,  where  it  divides  inww 
branches  —  the  Plantar  arteries. 

TIBIAD,  see  Tibial  aspect 

TIB'IAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  tow** 
the  side  on  which  the  tibia  is  situated.— Barrij. 
Tibiad  is  used  adverbially  by  the  fame  «iw,B 
signify, '  towards  the  tibial  aspect' 

Tibial  Neryes  are  two  in  number.  Ltf* 
anterior  tibial  nerve,  Pritibio-suspUntain,  ■"CV 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  extern 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arw» 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  ***• 
Branche  tibiale  du  nerf  ftmoro-poplitk,  iCM 
the  internal  popliteal. 

Tibial  Veins,  Anterior  akd  PoswRHfck" 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteriei  vhica  u, 
accompany. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CTJS,  Gate***  ^ 
(F.)  Tibio-sus-mitatarsien,  Tibio-*ustar$i<*.\& 
Jambier  antSrieur.  A  muscle  sitoate  **  *«  °" 
terior  part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  aw 
of  a  triangular  prism ;  below,  it  is  slender  *i 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  aita* 
part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tilw-  ■ 
the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  o»  ** 
bone  j  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  inters^ 
seous  ligament  Below,  its  tendon  termini* 
the  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  « & 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  M*- 
This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  d-*3 
its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time  that  it  rw* 
its  inner  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend  the  leg  «  ? 
foot,  and  prevent  it  from  falling  backward  a 
standing. 

Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 

Tibialis  Posti'cus,  (F.)  Tibio-tartU*  &* 
sovs-tarsien,  (Ch.)  Jambier  postirievr.  This  ■* 
cle  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  ** 
leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below;  ae<U£ 
tached,  above,  to  the  posterior  surface  _rf - 
fibula;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  lib*  * 
to  the  interosseous  ligament  Its  k°dwi.:f]£ 
nates,  below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  th«  »>*■ 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  Thk  »jw«£ 
tends  the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  bmm  h*1*" 


TIBIO-CALCANIEN 


8ft 


TINCTURA 


ing  iti  inner  edge.  It,  likewise,  extends  the  leg 
on  the  foot 

TIBIO-CALCANIEN,  Soieus— t.  Phalanget- 
te*, Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
perforans  —  *.  Sous-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus  —  t. 
Sus-mttatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus  —  t  Sus-tareien, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-tar'seus,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienne.    What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 

Tibio-Tarsal  Articula'tion  is  the  articula- 
tion of  the  foot  with  the  leg.  It  is  formed  by 
tho  tibia  and  the  astragalus ;  and  is  strengthened 
by  lateral,  and  by  anterior  and  posterior  liga- 
ments. 

TIBIO-TARSIEN,  Tibialis  posticus. 

TIC,  Twitching,  Vellication.  A  local  and  habi- 
tual convulsive  motion  of  certain  muscles ;  and, 
especially,  of  some  of  those  of  the  face.  It  is, 
sometimes,  called  in  France  Tie  convuleif  ou  Tie 
non  douloureux,  to  distinguish  it  from  Tic  doulou- 
reux or  neuralgia  faciei,  and  has  been  termed  a 
partial  chorea  or  form  of  chronic  chorea.  Spas- 
mus facia' lis,  Chore'afa'ciei. 

TIC  DOULEUREUX,  Neuralgia,  facial  —  L 
non  douloureux,  see  Tic 

TICKLE  WEED,  Veratrum  viride. 

TICKLING,  (F.)  ChatouiUement.  This  word, 
sometimes,  means  the  action  of  tickling  (titilla'- 
tio,  titillation ;)  at  others,  the  sensation  pro- 
duced by  this  action  (pruri'tus).  A  rivid  sensa- 
tion, which  commonly  causes  laughter,  and  a 
state  of  general  spasm  that  may  be  dangerous  if 
too  long  protracted.  There  are  some  parts  of 
the  body,  where  we  are  easier  tickled  than  others; 
for  example,  the  sole  of  the  feet,  and  the  hypo- 
chondriac regions.  

TICKSEEI)  SUNFLOWER,  Coreopsis  tricho- 
sperma. 

TICKWEED,  Hedeoma— t  Sunflower,  Core- 
opsis trichosperma. 

TIDAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

TIGE  PITUITAIRE,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain  —  t.  Sus-sphSnoidale,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLUM,  Crucible. 

TIGLIA  8eu  TIGLII  GRANA,  see  Croton 
Tiglium. 

TIGRETIER,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

TIGULA,  Saccharum. 

TIKIMMA,  Caooucia  coccinea. 

TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Asa- 
line  chalybeate  at  West  Tilbury,  in  Essex,  Eng- 
land.    It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TILIA,  T.  Europa'a  sen  grandiflo'ra  seu  cordi- 
fo'lia  seu  paucijlo'ra  seu  platyphyll'a,  Phil'yra. 
The  Lime  tree  or  Linden  tree,  Basswood,  White- 
wood,  Spoonwood,  (F.)  Tilleul.  Family,  Tilia- 
cese.  The  flowers  have  been  supposed  to  possess 
anodyne  and  antispasmodic  virtues. 

TILLEUL,  Tilia. 

TILLICHERRY  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy- 
sjen  tericum. 

TILMA,  Linteum. 

TILMOS,  Evulsion. 

TILMUS,  Carphologia. 

TILY,  OF  THE  INDIANS,  Viburnum  denta- 
tum. 

TIM  AC.  The  name  of  an  East  India  root,  but 
of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.  It  is  said  to  pos- 
sess diuretic  properties;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

TIMIDUS,  Rectus  inferior  ocnlL 

TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Stannum,  Castit'eros,  Cat- 
tit' eroa,  Stangos,  Ju'piter,  Stu'pia,  Laos,  Plumbum 
album  seu  can'didum,  Plumbum  candidum,  (F.) 
Mtain.  A  solid  metal ;  of  a  peculiar  odour  when 
rubbed;  insipid;  colour  whitish;  s.  g.  7.291; 


giving  a  peculiar  tinkling  sound  when  struck. 
It  is  used,  in  medicine,  only  as  a  mechanieal  an* 
thelmintic  Dose,  £j  of  the  Pultri*  Stanni,  Stan- 
num granula'tum  or  Granular  tin,  in  molasses. 
This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in  an  iron  vessel 
over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cooling,  stirring 
until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder,  which  is  passed 
through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tm,  Butter  op,  Tin,  muriate  of— t.  Chloruret 
of,  Tin,  muriate  of—  t  Deutohydrochlorate  of,  T. 
muriate  of. 

Tin-Foil,  Stannum  folia' turn,  Stanni' olum,  is 
used  for  plugging  carious  teeth,  Ac. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth  —  t.  Granular,  see  Tin  — 
t  Muriate  of,  superoxygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin,  Muriate  of.  Butter  of  Tin,  Fuming  liquor 
of  Liba'vius,  Mu'riae  Stanni,  Murias  Oxyd'uli 
Stanni,  Chloruret  of  Tin,  Deu' to -hydro- chlorate 
of  Tin,  Super  oxygena' ted  Muriate  of  Tin.  This 
is  formed  of  Tin,  one  part;  concentrated  muriatic 
acid,  three  parts.  To  be  crystallized  by  the  aid 
of  heat    A  violent  cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin,  Sulphuret  of,  Aurum  musivum. 

TINAGMUS,  Concussion. 

TINASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA,  from  tingere,  tinctum,  'to  dye.' 
Tincture,  Essen'tia,  (F.)  Teinture,  Alcoolat,  Alco- 
hoL  The  term  tincture  is  generally  restricted  to 
spirituous  solutions  of  vegetable,  animal,  and  soma 
saline  substances.  It  corresponds,  therefore,  with 
the  word  Quintes'sence,  in  one  of  its  old  signifi- 
cations ;  and  with  the  Alcoola'tum  of  the  Codex 
of  Paris.  It  is  not  unusual,  however,  to  speak 
of  aqueous  tincture,  ethereal  tincture,  Ac.  Tinc- 
tures are  made  either  with  pure  alcohol  or  proof 
spirit  The  former  are  precipitated  by  water: 
and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used  internally;  the 
latter  are  common  additions  to  infusions,  decoc- 
tions, Ac.  They  ought  not,  of  course,  to  be 
united  with  any  vehicle  which  can  decompose 
them,  or  separate  any  thing  from  them  in  a  pal- 
pable form ;  unless  such  decomposition  is  desired 
by  the  presoriber.  In  making  tinctures,  the  in- 
gredients should  be  reduced  to  a  coarse  powder; 
and  the  maceration  be  made  in  close  vessels,  ex- 
posed to  a  heat  of  about  80°,  and  frequently 
shaken.  When  oompleted,  they  must  be  filtered, 
and  put  away  for  use  in  close  bottles.  When  the 
process  of  displacement  is  employed,  great  care 
must  be  taken,  so  that  the  substances  treated 
may  be,  as  far  as  possible,  exhausted  of  their 
soluble  principles,  and  a  perfectly  clear  tincture 
be  obtained.  To  those  who  are  not  familiar  with 
the  process,  the  plan  of  maceration  is  preferablo» 
—PA.  U.  S. 

Tinctuba  Absin'thii  Compos 'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  wormwood,  Essen'tia  absin'thii  com* 
posita  seu  amara.  (Absinth.,  artem.  pontic, 
caryoph.  aj&  Jss,  sacch.  £\j.  alcohol.  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  PA.  P.)  Tonic,  stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.    Dose,  f  gij  to  f  ^ss. 

Tinctura  Acacijc  Catechu,  T.  catechu  —  t 
Acetatis  ferri  cum  alcohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatia 
—  t  Acidi  sulphurioi,  Sulphuricum  aeidum  aro- 
maticum. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Tinc- 
tura Aconi'ti  folio 'rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  Tinc- 
ture of  Aconite,  (Aconit.  foliar.  Jiv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter 
through  paper.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt  v.  It  is  rub- 
bed on  the  seat  of  neuralgia. 

Tinctuba  Aconi'ti  Radi'cis,  Tincture  of  Aco- 
nite root,  (Aconit.  radicis,  oontus.  8>j,  Alco\oL 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  filter* 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement  Ph» 
U.  S.)    Uses  same  as  the  last 


TINCT0BA 


858 


TINCTURA 


Tinctura  JSthr'rba  Camphora'ta,  Solu'tio 
eam'phora  athc'rea,  Liquor  nervinus  Bangii,  Spi- 
rit™ sulphu'rico-athereus  camphora'tus,  Naphtha 
vitrioli  camphor  a' ta.  {Camphor,  p.  L  jEther  sul- 
phuric  p.  ii.)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases,  ar- 
thritic cardialgia  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

Tinctura  JEtherea  Ferri,  Alcohol  (sen  Tine- 
tura)  sulphurico-mthereus  ferri  —  t  Alcoholica 
Chime  coraposita,  T.  cinchonas  composite — t  Al- 
coholica corticam  aurantiorum  Whyttii,  Tinctura 
cinchona  amara  —  t  Alexipharmaoa  Huxhami, 
Tinctura  cinchonas  composite. 

Tinctura  Al'obs,  T.  Al'oes  Socotori'nai,  Es- 
sen'tia  Aloe*,  AVcohol  cum  Aloiperfolia'td,  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloe*.  {Aloe*,  pulv.  3J,  ext.  glycyrrh. 
5iij,  aqua  Oiss,  alcohol.  Oss.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f  Jss  to  fjiss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  JSthe'rea,  <E the' real  Tinc- 
ture 0/  Aloe*,  Tinctura  aloes  vitriola'ta.  {Aloe* 
Socot.,  Myrrh,  aa  Jisa,  croc*  £j,  *p.  atheris  tulph. 
Oj.  Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  ether  for  4  days ; 
then  add  the  aloes  and  saffron.  Ph.  E.)  Stimu- 
lant and  cathartic.    Dose,  f  gj  to  f  Jij. 

Tinctura  Aloes  Compos'ita,  Elix'ir  Proprie- 
ta'ti;  E.  aperiti'vum,  E.  Aloe*,  Tinctura  Aloe* 
cum  Jfyrrhd,  T.  Aloe*  et  Myrrha,  (Ph.  U.  8.,)  T. 
Aloe*  et  Myrrha  eroca'ta,  Elixir  of  long  life. 
Compound  Tincture  of  Aloe*,  (P.)  Elixir  de  tongue 
vie,  Baume  de  vie  de  Lelilvre,  { Aloe* f-in  pulv., 
JJiij,  croct,  Jj,  Tinct.  Myrrha,  Oij.)  Macerate  for 
14  days,  and  filter.  Purgative  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  f#  to  fjij. 

Boerhaave's  Elixir  oonsisted  of  aloe*,  myrrh, 
saffron,  and  tartrate  of  potassa,  digested  in  alco- 
hol and  water. 

Radcliffe**  Elixir  is  formed  of  Aloe*  Socotr. 
£vj,  oort.  cinnam.,  rad.  zedoar,  aa  %&s,  rod.  rhei 
5fj,  coccinelL  £t8,  syrup,  rhamni  ^ij,  *p.  tenuior. 
Qj.  aqua  pure*  f^v. 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myrrhs,  T.  aloe's  com- 
posita—  t  Aloes  et  myrrhsa  crocata,  T.  A.  com- 
posita — t.  Aloes  vitriolata,  T.  A.  sstherea —  t, 
Amara,  T.  gentianSB  composita  —  t  Amomi  re- 
pentis,  T.  cardamomi — t  Amomi  singiberis,  T. 
itngiberis. 

Tinctura  Angustu'ra,  Tincture  of  Angostura. 
(Oort.  cutpar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact-  JJU,  *P*  •*"• 
ten.  Oij.    Digest  Ph.  D.)     Dose,  fgj  to  f&j. 

Tinctura  Antifebrilis  Warburgi,  see  Be- 
beeru. 

Tinctura  Antiodontai/gica,  Toothache  Tinc- 
ture. (  Tannin.  Qj,  Mastich,  gr.  v,  at  her.  £ij.  M.) 
To  be  applied  on  cotton  wool,  to  the  tooth  pre- 
viously dried. 

Tinctura  Aristolochijs  Serpentarle,  T. 
serpentaris  —  t  Aromatica,  T.  cinnamomi  com- 
posita— t.  Aromatica  ammoniata,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nia aromaticus. 

Tinctura  Assafge'tidjb,  T.  Ferula  Assafcetx- 
<&b,  Tincture  of  Atsafottida,  T.fottida,  T.  asaafoe- 
tida,  (A**afvRtid.  5iv,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days  and  filter.)    Dose,  gtt  zr  to  f  5fj. 

Tinctura  Asbafoetidjb  Ammoniata,  Spiritus 
Ammonias  faetidus. 

Tinctura  Auran'tii,  T.  Cor* tide  Anrantii, 
Tincture  of  Orange  Peel.  (Aurant.  core,  recent. 
5iy,  *p.  recu  Ojj.  Digest  for  14  days.)  Stomachic. 
Used  as  an  adjunct  to  stomachic  draughts.  Dose, 
f£BB  to  3y. 

Tinotura  Aursa,  Alcohol  seu  tinctura  sul- 
uhurico-sethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Belladon'nje,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna. (Belladonna,  $\v,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days :  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  bj  displace- 
ment.   PA.  U.  S.) 


Tinctura  BEirxo'nrc  Comfos'ita,  Cmpmi 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  T.  Benzoe*  composiii,  £*- 
eamum  CathoVicum,  B.  PerVesst,  BoUcua 
traumaficum,  Elixir  traumaticum,  Friar*  &- 
earn,  Vervain* *  Balsam,  Wade**  Dropt,  J<«..i 
drops,  Commander's  Balsam,  Wound  &n*u* 
Balsam  for  cuts.  (Benzoin.  §iy,  tfjrrcc.  yv\ 
5ij,  Balaam,  tolut.  £j,  aloes,  in  pulv.  g_«.  «r 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  and  filter.  Stiniur. 
Used  chiefly  to  wounds  and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington's  Balsam  o/Ii/?s» 
Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin.  The  iuJ-t:: 
form  is  recommended  by  a  committee  of  ite  IV- 
ladelphia  College  of  Pharmacy:— AJc*W.0*-> 
Benzoin.  3*U>  Styrac  liquid,  ^iv,  Alott  &*.:** 
Jj,  Baham  Peruvian,  gtf,  Myrrha.&R-l}*- 
gelic.  gss,  Balsam  Tolut.,  ExL  Gfycyrri.  ii$ .. 
Digest  for  10  days,  and  strain. 

The  E—ence  of  Colttfoot  consists  of  eqsslp* 
of  tho  Compound  Tincture  of  BenzoU  and  &• 
sam  of  Tolu,  to  which  is  added  double  th«  p* 
tity  of  Rectified  Spirit  of  Wine.  It  is  ***** 
pectoral. 

Tinctu'ra  Calum'bab.  T.  Columb*,  T.  fi»*» 
Tincture  of  Columbo,  Col  umbo  BiUtn,  i,tV»  • 
rad.  cont  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macentf '.' 
14  days ;  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  V.  H)  h? 
f  >Jss  to  £iv.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  di»}  la- 
ment 

Tinctura  Camphor^  Spiritus  campbore. 

Tinctura  Cam'phor^  Compos'ita.  f  i'.-; 
Camphora'ta,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Compound  /»Vjr? « 
Camphor,  Camphorated  Tincture  of  Op***-  £  -' ' 
Pa  regor'icum,  Partgor'ic  Elixir.  ( Opii. » •  ^'b 
Acid  Benzoic.  a&  Jj,  oL  anisi,  fJJ,  mltit  *«*■ 
mat.^ij,  CamphorTgij,  alcohol,  dilut.  0«%  ^ 
cerate  for  14  days,  and  filter  through  pp*  -^ 
U.  S.)  One  fluidounoe  contains  nesriTgr.i.^ 
opium.    Anodyne.    Dose,  fgj  to  f^'U- 

Squire's  Elixir,  an  empirical  canniiiatta  p" 
paration,  is  thus  made,  according  to  gc«  fcrsi* 
(Opii  %W,  camphor.  Jj,  coccinelL  Jj,  J*** 
dulc.  gjj,  tinct.  serpenjL  Oj,  sp.  anin.  t*e$.  .• 
aqua  Oij,  anri  musivi,  3*3.) 

Tinctura  Canthar'idis,  T.  C.  Yenect*-'*-  * 
Lytta,  T.  Melois  vericato'rii,  Tincture  of  B  >r 
ing  Flie;  T.  of  Spanish  Flies,  (P.)  Tei*t*«^ 
fiante.  ( Cantharid.  cont.  ^U»  ^o*0*-  ^x'' ' 
Macerate  for  14  days ;  express,  sad  filter.  • 
may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displatemeti  {'- 
U.'S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic,  bat  not  lo- 
used internally.  Externally,  stimulant  b* 
gttx. 

Matthew's  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  »*: J^o 
for  fistula  in  ano,  consisted  wholly  of  *  ^ 
Tincture  of  Cantharidec* 

Tinctura  Cap'sici,  Tincture  0/^* 
(Capsic.  5j.  alcohol  diL  Oy.  Maewstt^^ 
days,  ana  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  prepay  * 
displacement.)    Stimulant.    Dose,  f5«w$* 

Tinctura  Cardamo'mi,  T.  amo'mi  ny*" 
Tincture  of  Cardamoms.  (Cardauu  e«t  5 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  d»T«.  *"'• 
and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  tea- 
men t.)  Use,  the  same  as  the  seeds.  b«*'> 
to  f  Sir. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  GiPead,  an  empirical  F?> 
ration,  seems  to  be  an  aromatic  tinftcr-'- 
which  Cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingrtfr- '^ 
made  with  brandy.    Some  affirm  tbst  it  **&* 
cantharides. 

Tinctura  Cardamomi  Compos'ita,  &*rf 
Tincture  of  Card'amom*,  Stomach  7W*-\  ** 
tura  Stomach' tea.  (Cardamom,  cont  54  f  -*1* 
cont  Xij.  cinnam.  cont  XY,  Vra  pe»*  d*;3 
acinis,  |t,  cocci,  cont  33,  alcohol  rfi/-t  ** 


TINOTUBA 


8*9 


TINOTUBA 


Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stomachic  and  carminative.    Dose,  f^U  to  f  s;iv. 

Tinctura  Carmisati'va  Syi/yii,  Akoola'tum 
Carminati'vum  Sylvii,  Carminative  Elixir  of  Syl- 
vius. (Rad.  angelic,  4  p.,  rod.  impcrator.,  galang. 
aa  6  p.,  foL  rosmarin.,  majoran.,  ruta,  basilic,  aa 
48  p.,  baccar.  laur.  nobil.  12  p.  sem.  angelic,  li- 
guat.  levist.,  ants,  aa  16  p.,  zingib.,  nuc.  mosehat. 
aa  6  p.,  cinnam.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort.  limon.  aa  4 
p.  Add  alcohol  1500  p.  Macerate  and  distil, 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, Ac    Dose,  £88  to  fjss. 

Tinctura  Cascaril'lje,  T.  Croto'nis  Eleuthe'- 
rus,  Al'cohol  cum  Croto'ni  Cascarilld,  Tincture 
of  Cascarilla.  (Cascarill.  cort.  cont  Jiv,  *P* ten- 
Oij.    Ph.  L.)    Dose,  fjj  to  f^iv. 

Tinctura  Casto'rei,  T.  Castorei  Bos'sici,  Es- 
sen'tia  Castorei,  Al'cohol  castoria'tumt  T.  Castorei 
Canadensis,  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Castor  cont. 
gij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days,  express, 
and  filter.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic.  Dose, 
gtt  xx  to  f  3u>  or  more. 

Tinctura  Castorei  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Castor.  (Cast.  5j,  g.  asafcetia.  Jss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  Oj.  Ph.  E.)  Antispasmodic. 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f£iv.  Called,  also,  Elixir  fos'tidum, 
Tinctura  castorei  fostida  seu  fostida  ammonia' ta. 

Tinctura  Cat'echu,  Tinctura  Japon'ica,  T. 
Mimo'sm  Catechu,  T.  Aca'cia  Catechu,  Tincture 
of  Catechu.  (Catech.  Zi\},  cinnam.  contus.  gij, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press and  filter.  Ph.  V.  S.)  Astringent  Dose, 
f S  to  f3ij. 

The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal,  sold  for 
cleaning  the  teeth,  seems  to  be  little  more  than 
the  tincture  of  catechu. 

Tinctura  Cicut^e,  T.  oonii  maculati. 

Tinctura  Cincho'njc,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruviafni 
Simplex,  T.  Cort.  Peruvia'ni,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na, Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  fiav.  in  pulv. 
§  vi,  alcohol,  dilut  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter  through  paper.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement  J*h.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f  5Jj 
to  jjiv  or  more. 

Tinctura  Cincho'njb  Ama'ra,  Elixir  antihy- 
pochondri'acum,  E.  rob'orans  Whyt'tii,  E.  Whyt- 
tii,  Essen' tia  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Composita, 
Tinctu'ra  alcohol' ica  corticum  aurantio'rum  Whyt- 
tii,  T.  Kinki'niB  ama'ra,  Elixir  stomach' icus  spi- 
rituo'sus.  (Cinch,  p.  viij,  .Gentian.  Bad.,  Cort. 
Aurant.  p.  iij.  Alcohol  (.900)  96  p.  Digest  Dose, 
one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  .volat'ilis,  Ammoniated  Tincture  of 
Bark,  Volatile  Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  lan- 
cifol.  cort.  cont  %iv,  sp.  amnion,  aromat.  Oy. 
Ph.  L.)  In  dyspepsia,  combined  with  acidity  and 
languor. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  JEthe'rea  Compos'ita, 
T.  Kinm  Kina  athe'rea  compos'ita,  Elixir'iwm 
Antisep'ticum  Docto'ris  Chaussier,  Chaussier's 
Antisep'tic  Elixir.  (Cinchon.  ojfficin.  J\j,  cas- 
carill.  5ss,  cinnam.  7iij,  croci  5Jss,  sacch.  alb. 
SJxxxviy.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  matrass,  and 
add  vin.  alb.  Hispanic  vel  vin.  muscat.,  alcohol. 
&§>  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  days,  and  add  sulphuric 
ether  f  Jiss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  an- 
tiseptic.   Dose,  fjss  to  f  3j. 

Tinctura  Cinchokje  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Cinchona  or  Bark,  Huxham's  Tinc- 
ture of  Bark,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Composita, 
T.febrifuga  Docto'ris  Huxha'mi,  Essen' tia  China, 
J2.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  AUxiphar'maea  Huxhami, 
Essen'tia  antisep'tica  Huxhami,  Tinctu'ra  AUxi- 
phar'maea Huxhami,  Tinctu'ra  Alcohol' ica  China 
Compos'ita.  (Cinchon.  rubr.  pulv.  Jij,  aurant. 
eort.  cont  5iss,  serpent,  cont  5fiy,  croci,  santal. 
ft&  5j,  alcohol,  dilut.  fjfxx.  Macerate  for  14  days, 


express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement  More  grateful  than  the 
simple  tincture.    Dose,  fgj  to  f£ig. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon, 
Essen' tia  Oinnamomi,  T.  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  ( Cin- 
nam. cont  J  iij,  alcohoL  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f3J  to  f  sflj. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  Tinctu'ra  Aromat'ica,  Es- 
sentia Aromatica,  Alcool  cum  Aromat'ibus  Com- 
pos'itus,  Eav.  de  Bonferme  on  d'Armaguac.  (  Cin- 
nam. oont  Jj,  cardam.  cont  ^ss,  zingib.  cont 
3 iij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  PA.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement  Use,  same  as  the  last 
Dose,  fgj  to  f 3iy. 

Tinctura  de  Cochlea'riib,  Alcoola'tum  ds 
Cochlea' His,  A.  antiscorbu'ticum.  (FoL  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rad.  armoraeia,  230  p.,  alcohol. 
(22°  to  32°  Beauml)  3000  p.,  distil  off  2000  p. 
Ph.  P.)    Antiscorbutic.    Dose,  f gij  to  gj. 

Tinctura  Col'chici,  T.  C.  Sem'inis,  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Tincture  of  Colchicum  Seed.  ( Colchic  sem. 
cont  £iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  V.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement  Dose,  ten  to 
sixty  drops. 

Tinctura  Colchici  Sexinis,  T.  colchici — t  Co- 
lombo, T.  Calumbse. 

Tinctura  Coni'i,  T.  C.  Macula' ti,  T.  Cicu'ta, 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  (Conii  fol.  %iv,  alcohoL 
dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  If.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment   Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  leaves. 

Tinctura  Conii  Maculati,  T.  conii  —  t  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapse,  T.  jalapii  —  t  Corticis  aurantii, 
T.  aurantii  —  t  Corticis  Peruviani  composita,  T. 
cinchonsB  comp.  —  t  Corticis  Peruviani  simplex, 
T.  cinchona)  —  t  Corticis  Peruviani  volatilis,  T. 
cinchonas  ammoniata. 

Tinctura  Croci  Sati'vi,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  ( Croci  Angl.  cont  j|j,  alcohol,  dilut. 
gxv.  Ph.E.)  Slightly  stomachic  (?).  Dose,fgj 
to  f  3iij. 

Tinctura  de  Croco  Compos'ita,  Elixir'ium  de 
Oarus,  Alcoola'tum  de  Croco  Compos' it  umy  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Oarus. 
(Aloes  Socotr.  320  p.,  myrrh.  64  p.,  croci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc  mosehat.,  caryoph.  aa,  16  p.  alcohoL 
1000  p.  aq.  flor.  aurant.  5000  p.  Digest  for  two 
days ,  JUstil  4000  p.  and  add  syrup  of  capillaire, 
5000  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatio,  cordial,  stomachic 
It  is  also  called  Elixir  cordia'U  et  stomach' icum, 
and  E.  anticol'icum  croca'tum. 

Tinctura  Crotonis  Blxuthbblb,  T.  case* 
rillee. 

Tinctura  CvvrWm,  Tincture  of  Cubebs.  (Cu- 
beb.  cont  Jiv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  PA.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement  Dose,  one  or 
two  fluidrachms. 

Tinctura  Dioita'lis,  Tincture  of  Digitalis,  T. 
Digitalis  purpu'rea.  (Digital.  §iv,  alcohol,  di- 
lut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement  Use, 
same  as  that  of  the  leaves.    Dose,  gtt  x. 

Tinctura  JFebrifuoa  Doctoris  Huxhami,  T. 
cinchonas  composita. 

Tinctura  Ferei  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  (Potass.  acetaU  Jij,  sulph.  ferri 
^j,  sp.  rectif.  Oij.  Bub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  spirit 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  off.  Ph.  D.)  Tonio 
and  astringent  Dose,  gtt  xx  to  fgj.  The  Dub- 
lin college  directs  a  Tinctura  AeUatis  Ferri  ems 
AUoho'U,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in  having 


TINCTURA 


MO 


TINCTURA 


half    the  quantity,   only,   of    the   Acetate   of 
Potass. 

Tinctura  Fbrri  Amm onia'ta,  Tincture  of  Am- 
moniated Iron,  T.  Ferri  Ammoniaca'lis,  T.  Flo- 
rum  mania' Hum,  T.  Marti*  Mynsich'ti.  (Ferri 
ammon.  5iv,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Use —  same  as 
that  of  the  ammoniated  iron.    Dose,  f  jjss  to  f JJij. 

Tinctura  Fbrri  Chloridt,  T.  ferri  muriatis. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Muria'tis,  T.  Ferri  chlo'ridi, 
(Ph.  U.  8.),  T.  Ferri  sesqui-chlo'ridi,  Liquor 
Ferri  muria'tis,  Tincture  of  Muriate  of  Iron,  T. 
Marti*  in  Spiritu  Salt*,  T.  M.  cum  SpiritH  Salie, 
T.  Ferri  Muria'ti,  Tincture  of  Steel,  Alcohol  fer- 
ra'tus.  (Ferri  subcarb.  Ibss,  acid,  muriat.  Oj, 
alcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  subcarbonate 
in  a  glass  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  off  and  add  the  spirit  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic 
and  styptic.    Dose,  gtt  x  to  zz. 

Beetucheffs  Tincture  or  Klaproth'e  Tincture  is 
an  ethereal  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
composed  of  dry  perchloride  of  iron,  one  part ; 
Hoffmann'*  anodyne  liquor,  seven  parts. 
_  The  Antivenereal  Drop*,  at  one  time  bo  cele- 
brated at  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Scheele, 
and  found  to  be  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  and 
corrosive  sublimate. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Sbsquicklortdi,  T.  Ferri 
muriatis — t  Ferula  Asafoetidss,  T.  Asafoetidse — 
t  Florum  martialium,  T.  ferri  ammoniata — t  Fce- 
tida,  T.  asafoetidaB  —  t .  Foetid*  ammoniata,  T. 
oastorei  composite — t.  Fuliginis,  see  Fuligo. 

Tinctura  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of  Galbanum. 
(Galb.  JUi  tp.  tenuior.  Oy.  PA.  D.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic    Dose,  f 3J  to  f  ji\j. 

Tinctura  Galla'rum,  T.  Gall  a,  (Ph.  XJ.  S.) 
Tincture  of  Gall*.  (Gall,  oontus.  Jiv,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.    Astringent.    Dose,  fsjj  to  guy 

Tinctura  Gentia'nas  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Gentian,  Tinct.  Ama'ra,  Spirit  Bit- 
ten, Elix'ir  Stomach' icum.     (Gent,  concis.  3ij, 


dilu 


aurant.  cort.  fft,  car  dam.  oont  SJss,  alcokoL  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by  displacement 
Ph.  U.  S.)    Tonic  and  stomachic    Dose,  fgj  to 

Brodum's  Nervous  Cordial  consists  of  the  Tinc- 
tures of  Gentian,  Golumba,  Cardamom,  and  Bark, 
with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  and  Wine 
of  Iron. 

Stoughton's  Elixir  is  a  compound  tincture  of 
gentian.  The  Elixir' turn  Docto'ri*  Stoughton  sen 
Tinctu'ra  Ama'ra  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  —  Absinth,  summit,  exsiocat, 
Teucri  chanuedrys.,  Bad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant. 
U  Zvj,  cascarium  <£),  rhei  Jss,  aloes  socotr.  £j, 
alcohol.  Oij.)    Digest 

Tinctura  Guai'aci,  T.  G.  Officinalis,  Tincture 
of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac  9>ss,  alcohol.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  and  filter.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheumatio  and 
arthritio  cases.  Nearly  the  6ame  as  HilVs  Es- 
sence of  Bardana  or  Burdock. 

Tinctura  Guai'aci  Ammonia'ta,  Ammoniated 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum,  T.  Guaiaci'na  Volat'ilis, 
Elixir  Guai'aci  VolatUis,  Al'cohol  cum  Quai'aco 
officina'le  ammonia' tus,  Al'cohol  ammonuB  et  Guai'- 
aci, T.  Guai'aci,  (P.  L.  1788,)  Vol'atiU  Tincture  of 
Guai'acum.  (Guaic.  pair,  giv,  sp.  ammon.  arom. 
Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.)  Proper- 
ties same  as  the  last.    Dose,  fgj  to  f£ij. 

Hatfield* s  Tincture  —  a  nostrum  —  consists  of 
Guaiacum  and  Soap,  a&  gjj,  rectified  spirit,  Oiss. 

Tinctura  Helleb'ori,  T.  H.  KigH,  Tincture 
of  Black  Hellebore,  T.Melampo'dii.  (HeUeb.nigr. 
cont  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express  and  filter.    It  may  also  be  pre- 

/ 


pared  by  displacement    PA.  U.  8.)  Do*,  fy 
tof^j. 

Tinctura  Hiera,  Vinum  aloes. 

Tinctura  Hu'mult,  Tincture  of  Hop.  [Er 
muli,  jv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Og.)  Tonie  and  sedata 
Dose,  f^ss  to  f  spij, 

Tinctura  Hyoscy'amt,  T.  Hvo*cya*\  *'•*, 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  (  Hyoscyam.  fot.  |ir,  *•«• 
hoL  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  forl4day«,«pr»stti 
filter.  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dUpliffls-st 
PA.  U.  S.)  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose,  fin 
tof^g. 

Tinctura  Io'dini,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842,)  M* 
lodin'ii,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1861,)  Alcohol  ViiuTm. 
ture  of  Iodine.  (/otfin.  Jj,  alcohol  Oj.  Diswt 
Ph.  U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping.  *s 
least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  been  nrc-h  ssi 
in  goitre,  Ac  Dose,  ten  drops  three  cn»«  a  to 

Tinctura  Iodini  Compos'ita,  (Ph.  U .^1<4il 
Tinctura  lodin'ii  Composita,  (Ph.  U.  S*  H-' 
Compound  Tincture  of  Iodine.  (Iodtn.^^ 
tassii  iodid.  Jj,  Alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  tU 
S.)    Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

Tinctura  Jala'pii,  T.  Jala*pa,  (Ph.  r. I] * 
Convol'vuli  Jalapa,  Tincture  of  Jalap,  T-r  * 
(Jalap,  pulv.  gvi,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  MVe* 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  ££'  } 
may  also  be  made  by  displacement  CatS*» 
Dose,  f 33  to  fjiv. 

Tinctura  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Eti*r  + 
lap1 a  Compos* Hum,  Elixir  purga**,  £**»*? 
cathol'ica  purgans  Roth'ii,  Elixir  ortW*** 
cum  Sueco'rum,  Eau  de  vie  AlUmomdt.  I-*-/- 
Ibss,  Scammon.  ?j,  Alcohol  (22°)  Otj.  Ma ■<& 
for  eight  days.     PA.  P.)    Dose,  «0  to  1M  tey 

Tinctura  Japonica,  Tinctwa  ettecfc--1 
Kinae  kinae  setherea  composita— t  Obc»«i 
aatherea  composita— t  Kinkina  ansn,  Tik» 
cinchonas  amara.  . 

Tinctura  Kino,  Tincture  of  Kino.  [F*1 
pulv.,  Jvj  j  Alcohol  dilut.  q.  8.  Pnt  the  b* 
mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand,  into  >?^' 
lator,  and  gradually  -pour  on  diluted  iN* 
until  fgviij  of  filtered  liquor  pass.  ThetijW 
should  be  renewed  frequently,  and  kept  >.  rij*. 
stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  AstringeDU  D* 
f3J  to  fjij. 

Tinctu'ra  Kramb'ria,  riaefart  of  ^-^, 
(Kramer,  in  pulv.  £vj,  alcohol  diht.  %  *»♦ 
rate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.   **"' 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement  ih ' 
f 3J  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnavomi,  T^etm  <•* 
momi — t  Lavandula)  composita,  Spiritos  J& 
comp.—t  Lyttad,  Tinctura  cantharidis--t*t^ 
Giauberi,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatam— t  &&* 
spiritfl  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  murlatii— t*-^ 
Mynsichti,  Tinctura  ferri  ammonitta-t  »• 
vinosa,  Vinum  ferri  —  t  Melampodii,  \U  ^ 
hellebori  nigri  — t  Meloes  vesicatorii..  Ttt-^ 
cantharidis— t  Metallorum,  Liiiam  Pww*^ 
Mimos83  catechu,  Tinctura  catechu. 

Tinctu'ra    Lobs'lia,    Tincture  of  ^* 
(Label  Jiv,  alcohol  dilut.  O'g.    Maeer*tc .  • 
days,  express,  and  filter.    PA.  F.  S.)  « ^ 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.    P*** 

*°  fW-  .  ,  F  .  /, 

Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'njb,  Tincture  of  L't 
(Lupulin.  |iv,  alcohol  Oij.  Macerate  for  »* 
and  filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  f$  to /3* 

Tinctura  Meloes  VESicATOBn,Tincttf» 
tharidis.  -_, 

Tinctura  Moschi,  TVacfure  o/  *■«• x  ft^ 
of  Musk.    (Mosch.  in  pulv.  redact  5** ' 
rect.  Oj.)     Dose,  f|fl  to  i^iv.  f^ 

Tinctura  MtrrhjB,  Tincfifre  of  My™/  t 
Tincture  of  Myrrh.  ( Myrrhes  eonta« 'p1T'  - 
Ao<  Oiij.    Macerate  for  14  days,  and  fiM- 


tTHCTURA 


861 


TINCTURA 


TJ.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstrnent,  antiseptic  and  deter- 
gent It  is  chiefly  need  in  gargles,  and  applied 
to  foal  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  Ac. 

Hudson's  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Crume 
consists  of  Tinct  myrrh.,  tinct  cinch.,  aq.  cinnam. 
&ft  3iij,  eat*  d'arquebueade,  £j,  pulv.  gum.  Arab. 
gss.     M. 

Tinct dr a  Neryina  Bestucheftii,  Tinctura 
sea  alcohol  sulphurico-ssthereus  ferri — t.  Nervina 
Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-sethe- 
reus  ferri — t  Nervino-tonica,  Lamotte's,  Alcohol 
sea  tinctura  sulphurico-rethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Nucia  Vom'ic*,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  {Alcohol.  8.  g.  .837,  fgj  j  Dry  Extract 
of  Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt  v  to  xxx,  in 
cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indicated. 

It  is  directed,  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  (1851),  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — Nucie  vo- 
mica rasur.,  g  viij ;  alcohol,  Oij.  Maoerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  the  process  of  displacement.  Dose,  gtt 
v  to  xx. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mbnthjb  Piperi'tje,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Peppermint,   Essence  of  Peppermint. 

iOl.  mentha  piperita,  fjy,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
*h.  U.  S.)    Dose,  5  drops,  as  a  carminative. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Tincture  of 
Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made  in  the 
same  manner.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  Opii,  Tincture  of  Opium,  Liquid 
Lau'danum,  Theriaca  codes' tis,  Al'cohol  cum 
Opio,  Tinctura  Theba'ica,  Tinchtra  Sedati'va. 
(Opii  pulv.  Jijss,  aloohoL  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Nineteen  minims  contain  about  one  grain  of 
opium.  Properties,  those  of  opium.  Dose,  gtt 
xx  to  lx  and  more.  By  macerating  the  dregs 
remaining  after  making  the  Tinctura  Opii  in  a 
solution  of  Tartaric  Acid,  a  solution  is  obtained, 
which  is  said  to  be  devoid  of  the  exciting  and 
constipating  properties  of  the  tincture  of  opium. 
Gray  calls  it  Haden'e  Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus. 

Tinct  u'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Ac"  eta  ted  Tincture 
of  Opium.  ( Opii  £y ;  ac«<t,  fjxij ;  alcohol  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar ;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express 
and  filter.  PA.  U.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ahkonia'ta,  Ammo'mafea1  Tinc- 
ture of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregoric  Elix'ir. 
(Flor.  benz.,  croci,  aft  ariij,  opii  Xi},  ol  aniei  gss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f£xvj.  Digest  Ph.  E.) 
{%}  contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphora  Oompoeita. 

Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam- 
phora composita  —  t  Plumbosa,  Liquor  plumbi 
Bubacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura  Quas'sijs,  T.  Quaeeia  excel  em, 
Tincture  of  Quassia.  (Quaeeia*  raeur.  Jij,  al- 
cohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement    Tonic.     Dose,  f!Jj  to  gij. 

Tinctura  Qui'nijb  Sulpha'tis,  Tincture  of 
Sulphate  of  Qui'nia.  (Sulphate  of  Qttinia,  gr.  vj  ; 
alcohol,  (.847)  fgj.  M.)  Dose,  fJJj  to  £iv,  in 
the  day. 

A  Tinctura  Cincho'nia  Sulpha' tie  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner. 

Tinctura  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhei— t  Rha- 
barbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhei — t  Rhabarbari 
vinosa,  Vinum  rhei  palmati. 

Tinctura  Rhei,  T.  Rhabarb'ari,  T.  Rhabar- 
bari spirit  uo'sa,  T.  Rhari,  T.  Rhei  palma'ti,  Tinc- 
ture of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei,  contus.  Jiij,  cardam. 
oont  £ s>s,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  displacement  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic 
or  purgative,  according  to  the  dose  employed: 


f£j  to  2flj,  as  a  stomachic;  f£iv  to  5j,  as  a  pur- 
gative. 

Tinctura  Rhei  Cohpos'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita,  Compound  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhe% 
raoCconcis.  Jij,  glycyrrhin.  rad.  cont  Hjss,  gin- 
gib,  rad.  concls.,  croci  etigmat.  ft&  £g,  aqua 
f?xij,  *J>*  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  at 
the  last 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Tincture  of  Rhu 
barb  and  Aloee,  Elixir  sacrum.  (Rhei  ooncis 
Xx,  aloee,  pulv.  £vj,  eardam.  cont  ^ss,  alcohol 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.    PA.  U.  S.)    Properties  like  the  last 

Rymer's  Car'diae  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds, 
Rhubarb,  Aloee  and  Caetor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Gentia'njb,  Tincture  of 
Rhubarb  with  Oen'tian,  Tinctura  Rhei  Ama'ra. 
(Rhei  cont  Jy,  gentian,  cont  £ss,  alcohol,  dilut 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.   Properties  same  as  the  last 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Sbnnjb,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Senna,  Warner's  Oout  Cordial.  (Rhei 
cont  £j,  senna,  ftg,  coriandr.  cont,  fomieul 
oont.  aft  gj,  santal  rasur.  aft,  croci  earl,  glycyr- 
rhin. rad.  aft  JJss,  war.  paeear.  acinis  exemptis, 
Ibss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijj.  Macerate  for  14  days j 
express  and  filter.  Ph.  V.  S.)  Dose,  fgss  to  f  tij. 

Tinctura  Rhosi,  Tinctura  rhei  —  t  Rhoel 
amara,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentians — t  Sacra,  Vi- 
num aloes. 

Tinctura  Sakguina'rijb,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguinar.  oont  Jiv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  PA.  If. 
S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement 
Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimentum 
saponis  —  t  Saponis  et  opii,  Linimentum  saponis 
et  opii. 

Tinctura  Sctllje,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (Sdlla 
giv,  alcohol  dilut.  Otf.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement   PA.  U.  S.)    Dose,  gtt  xv  to  lx. 

Tinctura  Sedatiya,  Tinctura  opii. 

Tinctura  Senn^,  T.  Senna  Composita,  Elixir 
Salu'tis,  Daffy' e  Elixir,  Tincture  of  Senna.  (Sen- 
na fol.  Jiij,  carui  tern,  cont  £iij,  cardam.  $em. 
cont  3J»  nvarum  passarum  demptis  acinis,  3iv, 
•p.  ten.  Oij.  PA.  L.  &  D.)  Stomachic,  carmina- 
tive and  cathartic    Dose,  fgg  to  f 3y. 

Tinctures  Sennjb  et  Jala'pa,  Tincture  of 
Senna  and  Jalap.  (Sennet  Jiij,  jalap,  pulv.  3y, 
coriandr.  cont,  carui  oont,  aft  jEss,  cardam.  cont 

?;ij,  eacch.  %\v,  alcohol  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for 
4  days,  express,  and  filter.  PA.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement  Dose,  f  Xij 
tofjj. 

Tinctura  Serpenta'rijb,  T.  S.  Virginia'na, 
T.  Aristolochi'a  Serpentaria,  Tincture  of  Snake- 
root  (Rad.  eerpent.  giij,  alcohol  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement 
Tonic.    Dose,  fgss  to  f  gij. 

Tinctura  Stohachica,  Tinctura  cardamoml 
composita. 

Tinctura  Stramo'nii,  7V»c*«r«  of  Stramo'- 
niunu  (Stramon.  eem.  cont  £iv,  alcohol,  dilut 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
PA.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment   Dose,  ten  to  twenty  minims. 

Tinctura  Strych'nije.  Tincture  of  Strychnia. 
(Alcohol  s.  g.  .837,  Oj,  strychnia  gr.  iij.)  Dose, 
6  drops  to  24.     Properties,  those  of  strychnia. 

Tinctura  seu  Al'cohol  Sulphu'rico-JBthb- 
rbus  Frbri,  Qutta  nervi'na,  Liquor  Anod'vnue 
Martia'lit,  Al'cohol  atht'reu*  ferra'tue,  Naph'tha 


TINCTURE 


862 


TISANE 


TUrioli  Martia'lU,  Solutio  MuriatU  ferrici  athe1 - 
rea,  Spir'itu»  sulphurico-athe'reu*  martiali; 
Tinctu'ra  nervVna  HaUn'ei*,  T.  Ton'ieo-nervi'na 
Halen'tin,  Tinctura  au'rea,  T.  nervina  Beetucheffii, 
T.  nervi no-ton' ica  (Lamotte'*),  T.  athe'rea  ferri, 
jEther  Martia'lU,  De  La  Motte*e  Golden  Drop; 
Bettucheff'e  Nervoue  Tincture,  Elixir  cTOr  de  M. 
U  Ointr'al  De  La  Motte.  An  ethereal  solution 
of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much  used  in  gout,  hy- 
pochondriasis, Ac. 

Tinctura  Sulphumi  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii— t  Thebaic*,  Tinctura  opii,  Vinum 
opii. 

TnrCTURA  Toluip'sr^  Bal'saiti,  Tincture  of 
BaUam  of  Tolu,  T.  Bal'eami  Toluta'ni,  T.  Tolu- 
ta'ni,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842.)  T.  Toluta'na,  Ph.  U.  S., 
1851),  (Bale.  Tolutan.  giij,  alcohol  Oij.)  Repu- 
ted to  be  expectorant  and  corroborant.  Dose, 
f^ss  to  f 3J,  or  more. 

Tinctura  Tonica  Nbryina  Halensis,  Alco- 
hol (seu  Tinctura)  surphurico-esthereuB  ferri.  ^ 

Tinctura  Valkria'njb,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(  Valerian,  cont  £iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  strain.  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.    Dose,  f£ss  to  5Jij. 

Tinctura  Valkrianjb  Ammonia'ta,  Ammo'ni- 
ated  or  Volatile  Tincture  of  Valerian,  T.  Valeri- 
ana Volat'ilia.  (  Valeriana  cont  Jiv,  *p.  ammon. 
arom.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement 
Ph.  U.  S.)    Like  the  former.    Dose,  f^ss  to  fjij. 

Tinctura  Vera'tri,  T.  Veratri  albi,  Tincture 
of  White  Hellebore.  (Rod.  veratri  alb.  cont 
^viij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.)  Emetic  and 
cathartic;  but  not  very  manageable.  Dose,  gtt 
y  to  x. 

Tixctura  Zinoib'eris,  T.  Amo'mi  Zingiberii, 
Tincture  of  Qinger.  {Zingib.  cont.  ^vuj,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Btitnulant  and  carminative.    Dose,  fZss  to  fgj* 

TINCTURE  OP  ACETATE  OF  IRON,  Tinc- 
tura ferri  acetatis — t  of  Aconite,  Tinctura  aconiti 

—  t.  of  Aconite  root,  Tinctura  aconiti  radicis  —  t 
of  Balsam  of  Tolu,  Tinctura  toluiferas  balsami  — 
t  of  Bark,  Tinctura  cinchonas  —  t  of  Bark,  am- 
moniated,  Tinctura  cinchona)  ammoniata  —  t  of 
Bark,  compound,  Tinctura  cinchonas  composita 
— t  of  Bark,  Huxham's,  Tinctura  cinchonas  com- 
posita—  t  of  Bark,  volatile,  Tinctura  cinchonas 
ammoniata — t  of  Belladonna,  Tinctura  belladon- 
nas— t  Bestucheff's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — 
t  of  Blistering  Fly,  Tinctura  cantharidis  —  t 
Cardiac,  Rymer*s,  Tinctura  rhei  et  aloes  —  t  of 
Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura  colchici  —  t.  of  Co- 
lombo, Tinctura  Calumbss  —  t  of  Cubebs,  Tinc- 
tura cubebss — t  of  Galls,  Tinctura  gallarum — t 
of  Ginger,  Tinctura  zingiberis  —  t  for  the  Gout, 
Dr.  Wilson's,  see  Colchicum  autumnale — t.  Hat- 
field's, see  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  t.  of 
Hellebore,  white,  Tinctura  veratri  —  t.  of  Hem- 
lock, Tinctura  conii  maeulati  —  t  of  Henbane, 
finctura  hyosoyami  —  t  of  Hops,  Tinctura  hu- 
mnli  —  t  of  Iodine,  compound,  Tinctura  iodini 
composita — t  of  Iron,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  ferri 
ammoniata — t  of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis — t  Klafroth's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muria- 
tis—  t  of  Lobelia,  Tinctura  lobelias — t  of  Lud- 
wig,  see  Ferrum  tartarisatum —  t  of  Lnpuline, 
Tinctura  lupulinss — t  of  Musk,  Tinctura  moschi 

—  t  Nervous,  BestuchefFs,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol 
8ulphurico-8sthereu8  ferri  —  t  of  Oil  of  Pepper- 
mint, Tinctura  Olei  menthas  piperitas  —  t  of  Oil 
of  Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  menthas  viridis  —  t 
of  Opium,  aeetated,  Tinctura  opii  acetate.  —  t  of 
Orange-peel,  Tinctura  aurantii  —  t  of  Rhatany, 
Tinctura  krameriss— t  of  Rhubarb;  Tinctura 


rhei  —  t  of  Rhubarb  and  aloes,  Tinchui  risa  ct 
aloes — t.  of  Rhubarb  and  gentian,  Tinctura  Aa 
et  gentianas — t  of  Rhubarb  and  senna,  Tiitfca 
rhei  et  sennas  — t  of  Saffron,  Tinctnra  erci-t. 
of  Saffron,  compound,  Tinctura  de  crow  cm-j*. 
sita  —  t  of  Senna  and  jalap,  Tinctura  mat  <s 
jalapas — t  of  Snakeroot,  Tinctura  serpcttjn*- 
t  of  Soap,  camphorated,  Lininientnm  sajw'— i 
of  Spanish  Fly,  Tinctura  cantharidis— t»f  S  »- 
Tinctura  scillas  —  t  of  Steel,  Tinctnra  ferri  r_ .- 
ridi — t  Stomach,  Tinctura  cardamoni  cos[  <i 
—  t  of  Stramonium,  Tinctura  stramonn-iw 
the  Teeth,  Greenough's,  see  Spirit™  arc.T.i 
composites  —  t  Toothach,  Tinctura  antiv  .-- 
gica — t  of  Wormwood,  compound,  Tinctar.fr 
sinthii  composita. 
TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 
TINEA,  Porrigo— t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  lsmS- 
t  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa— t  Fiec*a,  P  ir? 
scutulata — t  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  fnrfnrari-.. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  fori*  *- 
t  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t  Lopina,  P  mr 
lupinosa — t  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa— il~* 
ginosa,  Porrigo  furfurana — t  Tondens,  P.rr,- 
decalvans. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triosteum. 
TINKLING,    METALLIC,  Tintemat  <* 
lique. 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  !?*■< 
mStalliquc. 

TINNI'TUS  AU'RIUM,  Fluet*e'ti°m>* 
itu9  au'rium,  Paracu'et*  imagina'ria.  §+>'* 
au'rium,  Ote*chu*,  Syrigfmue,  Syri*?'***  >  ' 
Hut  aurium,  S.  clango'sue,  Strep'itua  sec  .»■•  '■ 
mue  aurium,  Echot,  Eneche'ma,  Bmbt*.  J**'"" 
'ringing  of  the  ears/  from  fiinitYr,  'tor:: 
(F.)  Tintement,  Tintouin,  Bourdonnement,  B  ^  "■ 
ment.  An  imaginary  sound,  like  the  rinpi;  '• » 
bell,  the  noise  of  wind,  the  murmur  of  waters- 
heard  in  health  and  in  sickness.  It  is,  «&*•  » 
accompaniment  of  cerebral  disorder. 

TINTEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium-i.*.  --- 
T.  mttalliquc. 

TINTEMENT  METALLIQUE  (U  <* 
ment  bullaire,   Tinnimen'tmm  mttarii<**<  '''' 
ttetho9cop'icu»,    MetaHie    Rerpiralio*,  A'*" 
Foi  ee,   Metallic  Tinkling.     A  partieolar  t   • 
heard  by  the  stethoscope  when  appti«l »  -" 
cheat,  and  which,  according  to  Laenne*.  ru- 
bles that    caused  by  striking  giaw,  met* 
porcelain,  with  a  pin ;  but  is,  perhaps,  o^  * 
the  sound  of  the  keys  of  a  musical  net -'■• 
The  tintement  mttalliqve  or  metallic  h»*  ■  5 
heard  on  causing  the  patient  to  speak  ork*"' 
but  is  more  distinct  when  he  coughs.   ****-• 
phenomenon  is  not  so  strongly  markeA  fi  r 
duces  only  the  metallic  resonance.   Tb<  '&'*' 
tinkling,'  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom  "J*-*, 
munication  between  the  bronchia  and  «r7  • 
the  chest ;  in  other  words,  of  Pneimtfler**' 
TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 
TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurinm. 
TIPS  ARIA,  Decoctum  hordeL 
TIRE-BALLE,  Forceps  (bullet) 
TIRE-FOND,  (F.)     A  surgieal  in**** 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  tew*' 4 
off  by  the  trephine. 
TIRE-PUS,  Pyulcon. 
TIRE-TtiTE,  (F.)  A  name  given  to  Efer 
instruments  used  for  extracting  the  hfw  ' 
child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in  cert**  ^ 
of  difficult  labour.    The  crotchet  is  one  *t  -  • 
as  well  as  the  Tire-tite  &  baMcule  of  htm*  *- 
TIRES,  Milk  sickness.  fc_ 

TISANE,  Pti'eana  or  Pti*'«**a,  Pt*>"  * 
wncavn,  '  pearl  barley/  itself  from  *"•■•;.  J^ 
corticate.'  A  name  given  to  aqoeow  »*^ 
containing  but  little,  if  any,  raedfcfetl  W 


TISANB 


863 


TOMB 


— Serous  and  syn- 
ovial membrane*. 


The  ancients  gave  the  name  particularly  to  the 
decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Deeoetum  hordei. 

TISIC,  Phthisis. 

TISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

TISSU,  Tissue — t.  Accidental,  see  Accidental, 
and  Tissue,  accidental — t.  Cavemeux,  Cavernous 
texture  —  t.  Celluleux  des  oe,  Cancelli  —  t.  Inodu- 
laire,  Tissue,  inodular— f.  Lardaci,  see  Larda- 
ceous  —  t.  Spongoide,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Textue,  Tela,  (F.)  Tim*.  By  this 
term,  in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts, 
which,  by  their  union,  form  the  organs ;  and  are, 
as  it  were,  their  anatomical  elements.  Histological 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which  are 
the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  pathological 
anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed,  of  diseases 
would  be  according  to  the  tissues  mainly  impli- 
cated. For  the  elementary  tissues,  see  Fibre. 
The  compound  tissues,  which,  by  associating  or 
combining  variously,  form  every  organ  of  the 
body,  have  been  variously  classed:  but  every 
division  is  imperfect  and  liable  to  objection. 
The  following,  by  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman,  is 
one  of  the  most  recent. 

Tabular  View  op  tub  Tissual  op  thb  Hom&k  Body. 

ExumplM. 
1  Posterior  layer  of 

1.  Simple  membrane,  homogene-      the  cornea.— Cap- 

oti8,  or  nearly  so,  employed  V  sule  of  the  lens. — 
alone,  or  in  the  formation  of  Sarcolemma  of 
compound  membranes.  J    muscle,  &c. 

2.  Filamentous  Tissues,  the  ele-i  White  and  yellow 

nients  of  which  are  real  or  £  fibrous  tissues.  — 
apparent  filaments.  >  Areolar  tissue. 

3.  Compound   membranes,   coro-1  «„„„«  m„mK...»« 

posed  ofsimple  membrane  and  Magg"  me~™5"! 
k  layer  of  cells  of  various.  Z^JLT^JI 
formi,  (epithelium  or  epider-  >  ^reling  glands 
mi.«  )  or  of  areolar  tissue  and 
epithelium. 

4.  Tissues  which  retain  the  pri-i Adipose    tissue.— 

mitive  areolar  structure  as  >  Cartilage. —Gray 
their  permanent  character.     )  nervous  matter. 

5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue.  Bone.  —  Teeth. 

6.  Compound  tissues. 

«.  Composed  of  tubes  of  homoge-  ) 

neous  membrane,  containing  V  Muscle.  —  Nerve. 

n  peculiar  substance.  ) 

b.  Composed  of  white  fibrous  tis-  /  wk-».«.-m™ 

sues  and  cartilage.  j  Fibre-cartilage. 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  Adventitious,  consists 
of  every  substance — foreign  to  the  primitive  or- 
ganization of  the  economy,  but  yet  organised 
and  living  —  which  may  be  developed  in  the 
anterior  or  at  the  surface  of  organs.-  Lae'n- 
nec  divides  the  accidental  issues  into  two  sec- 
tions :  1.  Those  that  resemble  others  in  the  ani- 
mal economy,  or  analogous  accidental  twite*; 
and,  2.  Those  that  have  nothing  analogous  in  the 
body,  and  which  are  always  the  result  of  a  mor- 
bid process  —  the  heterologous  or  heteroclite  acci- 
dental tissues.  To  the  first  class  belong,  ossifica- 
tions ;  accidental  fibrous,  fibro-cartilaginous,  carti- 
laginous, areolar,  and  corneous  tissues;  hairs;  the 
serous  membranes  of  certain  encysted  tumours ; 
the  mucous  membranes  of  fistulous  canals,  and 
accidental  synovial  membranes.  To  the  second 
belong  tubercles,  scirrhi,  melanosis,  Ac. 

Tissue,  Areolar,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissue,  CARTTLAO"iHorj8,  Hymenochondro'de* 
teu  HyvienochondroVdct  (Textura  seu  Tela.) 

Tissue,  Cribriform,  Cellular  tissue  — t.  Fi- 
brous, see  Fibrous  —  *.  Filamentous,  Cellular 
tissue. 

Tissue,  Inod'uxar,  Tela  inodula'ri*,  (P.)  Ino- 
dule,  Turn  inodulaire.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed  in 
suppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal  agent 
in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  appearance 
of  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer;  but  soon  loses 


its  vascularity ;  and  its  fibres,  which  pass  in  all 
directions,  become  of  a  dull  white  colour,  and  of 
a  consistence  and  hardness,  that  may  be  com- 
pared to  those  of  the  strongest  articular  liga- 
ments. It  is  well  seen  in  the  cicatrix  left  after 
burns. 

Tissue,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue  —  t  Liga- 
mentous, Desmoid  tissue  —  L  Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue  —  t  Porous,  Cellular  tissue  —  U  Reticu- 
lated, Cellular  tissue. 

TIT,  Nipple. 

TITHKNE,  Nurse. 

TITHYMALUS  CYPARISSA,  Euphorbia  cy- 
parissias —  t  Lathyris,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t. 
Latifolius,  Euphorbia  lathyris — t  Palustris,  Eu- 
phorbia palustris  —  t  Paralias,  Euphorbia  para- 
lias. 

TITILLAMENTUM,  Gargarism. 

TITILLATION,  Tickling. 

TITTHE,  Nipple. 

TITTHION,  Nippfc. 

TITTHIS,  Nipple. 

TITTHOS,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITDBANTIA,  Bredouillement. 

TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio. 

TO-AND-FRO-SOUND,  Bruit  de  frottement. 

TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  t  f.  Bas- 
tard, Comandra  umbellata. 

TOAST-WATER,  Aqua  toeta  panii.  Toast 
well  half  a  slice  of  a  fctale  quartern  loaf;  put  it 
into  a  pitcher,  and  pour  over  it  a  quart  of  water. 
After  two  hours,  decant  the  water  from  tbe  bread. 
It  is  a  common  drink  in  febrile  affections. 

TOBACCO,  Nicotiana  tabacum  —  t.  English, 
Nicotiana  rustica — t  Indian,  Lobelia  inflata — 
t  Poison,  Hyoscyamus  niger  —  t  Wild,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

TOCETOS,  Parturition. 

TOCODOMYCODORITIS  MALIGNA  VAGI- 
NALIS, Colpocace  puerperarum. 

TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOCOS,  Parturition. 

TODDY  TREE,  Maine!. 

TOE,  Digitus  pedis. 

TOEPLITZ,  see  Toplita. 

TOFUS,  Tophus. 

TOILE  D'ARAIQNBE,  Araness  tela— f. 
Choroldienne,  see  Choroid  —  Ude  (faultier,  Spa- 
radrapum  Galteri. 

TOKAS,  Puerpera. 

TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOLA,  Tonsil. 

TOL'ERANCE,  Toleran'tia;  from  tolerare,  'to 
bear/  The  power  of  bearing.  A  word  used  by 
the  Italian  school  of  Rasori,  to  signify  the  power 
of  bearing  large  doses  of  certain  potent  remedies, 
as  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.  See  Con  • 
tro-stiraulus. 

TOLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLIUBi,  Tonsil. 

TOLLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM,  My r ox' y Ion  To, 
luif'erum.  Family,  Terebinth  aceee.  Sex.  Sytt. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  The  name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Baham  of  Tolu,  Bahamutn 
Toluta'num,  Toluta'num,  Toluif'era  Bahami  BaU 
eamum,  Ooac'onaz,  Bed  Baham  of  Peru,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Tolu,  B.  de  Carthaglnc.  It  has  a 
very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweetish  taste ; 
is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour.  It  is 
stimulant  and  expectorant,  (?)  and  is  used  in 
coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  employed  on  ac- 
count of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUM,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 

TOMATA,  Solanum  lycopersioum. 

TOMS,  Tomfu»,  rout,  rouot,  'incision.'    A  * 
mon  suffix,  as  in  Lithotomy,  Broncbotomf,  Ae. 


TOMEION 


864 


TOOTH 


Tome,  Cut,  Incision. 

TOMEION,  Knife. 

TOMEN'TUM  CER'BBRI,  from  tomentum,  <a 
flock  of  wool.'  The  infinite  number  of  small  yes- 
eels  which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and  con- 
rolutions  of  the  brain.  They  enter  the  substance 
of  tho  brain  at  right  angles. 

TOMEUS,  Knife. 

TOM  IS,  Scissors. 

TOMOTOCIA,  Cesarean  section. 

TONE,  Tonus,  from  mm,  'I  stretch.'  The 
state  of  tension  or  firmness  proper  to  each  organic 
tissue.    It  is  the  effect  of  tonicity. 

Tone,  Elasticity. 

TONGA,  see  Datura  sanguinea. 

TONGRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
town  of  Tongres  is  about  a  league  from  Maas- 
tricht in  the  Low  Countries.  The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  contain- 
ing carbonates  of  Iron  and  magnesia. 

TONGUE,  Sax.  eunjs,  (D.)  T  o  n  g,  lingua, 
Gloesa,  Glotta,  (F.)  Langue,  The  tongue  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  hyoides  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  particular 
use  is,  to  procure  the  sensation  of  savours; 
and  it  aids  in  the  acts  of  6ucking,  mastication, 
deglutition,  pronunciation,  and  expuition.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  pyramid,  flattened  above  and 
below;  rounded  at  its  angles,  and  terminated, 
anteriorly,  by  a  blunt  point.  Its  upper  surface, 
called  the  dorsum,  is  free,  flat,  and  divided  into 
two  portions  by  a  median  furrow,  lin'ea  media'na; 
at  the  posterior  extremity  of  which  is  the  fora- 
men cacum  or  Fora'men  of  Morgagnu  The  infe- 
rior surface  is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mucous 
membrane  on  its  anterior  third  and  sides:  but 
behind  and  in  the  middle  it  is  attached  to  the 
lower  jaw  by  means  of  the  genio-glossus ;  and  to 
the  hyoides  by  the  hyoglossus.  Its  marains  are 
rounded ;  thick  behind,  thinner  anteriorly.  Its 
f  ij>,  or  point,  or  dental  extremity  is  rounded  and 
free:  —  the  root,  bate,  or  hyoid  extremity,  Radix 
lingua,  is  continuous  with  the  epiglottis  and  ve- 
lum palati.  It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen  cae- 
cum; but  thinner  as  it  approaches  the  hyoid 
bone.  The  tongue  is  composed  of  muscles,  and 
covered  by  a  mucous  membrane  —  Periglot'tie, 
Involu'crum  lingua,  Membra' %ia  sen  Tu'niea  va- 
gina'lie  seu  Cutis  seu  Epider'mis  seu  Tunica  seu 
Involu'crum  muco'eum  seu  Crueta  villo'ta  lingua 
—  which  forms  also  the  fnenum  beneath  the 
tongue.  On  this  membrane  are  seen  the  different 
papilla.  The  nerves  of  the  organ  proceed  from 
the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso-pharyngeal  and  hy- 
poglossal. The  first  and  second  are  connected 
with  taste;  the  last  with  the  motions  of  the 
organ.  Some  recent  observers,  however,  con- 
sider the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are  the  lingual, 
from  the  external  carotid ;  and  the  palatine  and 
tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins  are  the 
superficial^  lingua,  ranina,  lingualis,  and  sub- 
mentalie.  They  open  into  those  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  gan- 
glia, situate  at  the  edge  of  the  hyoglossi  muscles. 
Tongue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed  in 
me  western  States  in  the  winter  of  1842-3 ;  pro- 
bably typhoid  fever.  Aooording  to  some,  an 
npidemic  erysipelas. 

Tongue,  IIeuxia  cp  the,  Glossocele  —  t.  In- 
flammation of  the,  Glossitis  —  t  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus  —  t  Scraper,  Cure-langue  —  t  Tie,  Bee 
Ankyloglossum. 

TON'IC,  Ton'icue.  Same  etymon  as  Tone. 
Relating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icue,  Tono'ticus,  Antasihen'icus,  (F.) 
Tmiqmc,  Fortjfiant,  in  Therapeutics,  means  a 


medicine,  which  has  the  power  of  exeinagibvlj, 
and  by  insensible  degrees,  the  organic  aeneas  d 
the  different  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  tad 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  to- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  ire  tst 
associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  principk; 
preparations  of  iron ;  cold  water,  Ac.  arc  u 
tonics.  They  are  also  called  Comforton'tia.  C  u 
fortati'va,  Corroboran'tia,  Conjirmau'tia,  i'Ue- 
ran'tia,  Ac. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics:— Aciim 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Saijit* 
ricum,  Argenti  Nitras,  Bismuth!  Subnitraj,  U*h 
Ligni,  Cascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinchonia,  Cvha* 
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  So/*:* 
Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eupatorinn  ■-:• 
foliatum,  Ferri  Prssparata,  Gentian  a,  Lin.-**- 
dron,  Lupulina,  Piperina,  Prunus  Virgica^ 
Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina,  Serpentaria.  Iz  * 
prssparata;  Aquas  mineralea  acidulst  et  frrreft- 
nise,  Mental  Tonics,  (Confidence,  Hope,  Act* 
ment.) 
Tonic  Power,  Irritability. 
Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  ton'icus,  Cbaref#wf> 
nica,  Conductio,  Spas' tictu,  Tonos,  JEWto'aia,  £»  • 
tasis,  Enta'tia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  nut 
without  relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetaoaa  it 
See  Tetanus  and  Spasm. 

TONICITY,  Tonio"itae.  The  frealtj  tto 
determines  the  general  tone  of  the  solids.  Ex- 
cessive tonicity  causes  er'ethism  or  crisfmm;^ 
ficient  tonicity,  atony  or  weakness.  Toning  :* 
been  used  in  the  same  sense  as  irritability. 
TONIQUE,  Tonic. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm— fc  Trismus,  Truss* 
TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  TonsiVla,  Amygdala,  Pari**** 
Paristh'mium,  Amphibran'chs'um,  OToa'sVj  **' '• 
Tola,  Toilet,  Toles,  To' Hum,  ToUum,Sp**r*>±': 
tias,  PI.  Anti'ades,  Almond  of  the  ear,  JiV  *«  •* 
the  throat,  ( F.)  Amygdale,  Toneille.  An  w  <*  i '  - 
lection  of  follicles,  about  half  an  inch  ia  '<*r.<. 
similar  in  shape  to  an  almond,  and  situate.  *  «*- 
side,  between  the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati  TV 
inner  surface,  projecting  into  the  isthna*  rf * 
throat,  is  covered  by  the  mucous  membru  \~ 
which  are  the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells.  wL**» 
transparent,  viscid  mucus  ooses  on  prewar*.  Tb 
mucus  is  destined  to  facilitate  degluun.a.  t* 
lubricating  the  isthmus  fancinm ;  and  is  f«* 
out  during  the  passage  of  the  alimentary  Wa 
TONSILL^  PESTILENTKS,Qynaachea> 
ligna. 

TONSILLARUM    GAXGKfiXA,  Cyais* 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLIT'IC,  roNftUif'fetaa,  Betenriif* 
relating  to  the  tonsils ;  as  the  'tonsiUitic  bncJ> 
of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.' 
TONSILLITIS,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris 
TONSORIUS  CULTER,  Raxor. 
TOOTH,  Sax.  to»,  Dene,  Odous,  >F/  A* 
The  teeth,  Denies,  Mord'ices,  are  sn»-«.  •  — * 
bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each  jaw.  aai  ^ 
ing  to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  eat,  tear,  and  ui:n> 
alimentary  substances.  True  teeth  are  f.«* 
only  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles,  aci  »*fc 
The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape  of  as  s* 
gular  cone,  the  oase  of  which  is  toward*  tit  J 
terior  of  the  mouth ;  and  the  apex,  siu-'  * 
divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli  £** 
tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alve»  '.k  ** 
covered  by  a  vitriform  substance.  Tb»  ?4-  * 
called  the  crown  or  coro'ntu  It  is  boumk-  r.rl 
narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (T.  *  > 
which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  tb*  *)" 
lus— the /ano  or  root,  (F.)  rart«e.  I*  tit  a** 
the  teeth  are  32  in  number;  10  to  eaca  J* 


TOOTH-AOH 


865 


TORTICOLLIS 


these  consist  of  4  incisor*,  2  canine,  4  bicuspxdati, 
and  6  molares,  (See  these  various  terms.)  The 
teeth  enclose  a  vascular  and  nervous  pulp,  in  a 
central  cavity,  Cav'itcu  Pulpa,  Cavxim  Dentis, 
Antrum  denta'U.  Thej  are  formed  of  a  very 
hard,  compact  tissue ;  and  the  corona  is  covered 
by  a  vitreous  substance  called  Enam'eL  The 
incisor  and  canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a 
single  point  of  ossification  ,*  the  lesser  molares,  by 
two ;  and  the  larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Denti- 
tion. Researches  by  Retains,  Miiller  and  others, 
have  led  them  to  believe  that  the  ivory  of  the 
tooth  or  Dentine,  Substantia  os'sea  of  Malpighi, 
proper  tooth  substance,  bone  of  the  tooth,  osseous 
substance  of  tooth,  tooth  bone,  consists  of  tubular 
fibres,' which  contain  organic  deposits  of  calca- 
reous salts;  and  of  intertubular  substance,  in 
which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous  cells  of 
the  tooth,  called  by  Professor  Owen  oalcig"erous 
cell;  which  also  contain  earthy  salts.  At  the 
part  where  the  enamel  terminates  at  the  cervix 
of  the  tooth,  the  crtista  petro'sa,  cemen'tum  or 
cortical  substance,  commences  in  an  extremely 
thin  stratum,  passes  down  and  gradually  in- 
creases in  thickness  towards  the  extremity  of  the 
root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thickest.'  It  is 
said  by  Nasmyth  to  have  been  traced  on  the  ena- 
mel, and  Purkinje  and  Frankel  thought  that  it 
lined  the  cavitas  pulpae.  They  gave  it  the  name 
Substantia  ostoldea.  It  is  the  materia  tarta'rea 
of  Malpighi.  It  has  been  found,  however,  that 
the  hard  substance  deposited  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  dentine,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  or 
later,  and  which  encroaches  on  the  cavity,  has  a 
distinct  structure  from  the  cement,  and  resembles 
in  part  dentine,  and  in  part  bone.  It  is  the  horny 
substance  of  Blumenbach,  the  osteodentin*  of 
Owen,  and  the  secondary  dentine  of  Tomes.  In 
the  compound  teeth  of  the  herbivorous  animal,  a 
deposition  is  found  on  the  surface  of  the  enamel, 
-which  has  been  called  cementum.  Mtiller,  how- 
ever, regards  it  to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and 
the  saliva,  and  to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what 
is  called  tartar  in  the  human  subject 

TOOTH-ACU,  Odontalgia— t  Bone,  see  Tooth 
—  t  Bush,  Xonthoxylum  fraxineum  — t  Tree, 
Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Agreement  des  dents,  Hsamo- 
dia — t  Paste,  Dentifricium — t  Rash,  Strophulus 
— t.  Shell,  dog-like,  Dentalium. 

TOPHACEOUS  CONCRETION,  Tophus. 
TOPHUS,  Tofus,  Osteot'ophus,  Tophaceous 
Concretion,  A  collection  of  hard,  calcareous  mat- 
ter, which  forms,  particularly,  at  the  surface  of 
joints  affected  with  gout;  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,) 
and  occasionally,  in  the  interior  of  organs,  around 
the  teeth,  Ac.  It  likewise  meant  gravel  and 
chalaza. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  Topficus,    A  local  applica- 
tion; (F.)  Topiqite.    See  Local. 
TOPICUS,  Local. 
TOPINARIA,  Talpa. 
TOPIQUE,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Toplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cele- 
brated for  its  numerous  thermal  springs.  The 
water  contnin*  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate, 
and  sulphate  of  soda;  and  carbonates  of  lime  and 
iron,  Ac.  T.  rap.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 
Toplitz.  Toplitz. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy. 

TORCULAR,  Tourniquet 
Tor'cular  Heroph'ili,  The  Press  of  HeropW- 
ilus,  Lechcnei'on,  Lenos,  Lenum,  Fourth  Sinus, 
(F.)  Confluent  des  Sinus,  Pressoir  cPfferophile, 
A  smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular  shape, 
In  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  meet 
65 


It  is  situato  before  the  internal  occipital  protube- 
rance, at  the  union  of  the  three  great  duplicators 
of  the  dura  mater.  It  has  six  openings  into  it : 
—  one  above,  that  of  the  superior  longitudinal 
sinus ;  two  below,  answering  to  the  occipital  si- 
nuses; one  anterior,  belonging  to  the  straight 
sinus ;  and  two  lateral,  and  very  broad,  which 
lead  into  the  lateral  sinuses ;  and  convey  from 
the  cavity  the  blood  that  has  been  poured  into  it 
by  the  others. 

TORCULUM,  Tourniquet 

TORDY'LIUM,  T.  Officinale*,  Sesfeli  Cret'U 
cum  sen  Monta'num,  (F.)  Siseli  de  Orite.  Family, 
Umbellifero.  »  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative  and  diuretic 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca. 

TORE'NIA  ASIAT'ICA,  Cala-dolo.  A  small 
Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose  leaves,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonorrhoea. 

TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maoulatum,  Tor- 
mentilla. 

TORMENTIL'LA,  T.erec'ta  seu  sylves'tris  seu 
officinalis  seu  tubero'sa,  Fraga'ria  tormentiVla 
officinalis,  PotentilVa  tormentiW a,  Common  Tor- 
men' til,  Upright  Septfoil,  Heptaphyl'lum,  ConsoV- 
ida  rubra,  (F.)  Tormentille.  Family,  Rosacea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygyria.  The  root  has 
a  slightly  aromatic  odour,*  and  austere,  styptic 
taste.  It  is  astringent  Dose,  of  the  powder,  gr. 
xto£. 

TORMENTUM,  Deus,  Intussusceptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Strophos,  Coelial'gia,  EncosliaV- 
gia,  Anile1  ma,  Anile' sis,  Gripes,  Mulligrubs,  (F.) 
Tranchies.    Acute  colicky  pains.    Dysentery. 

Tormina  Cblsi,  Dysentery — t  Parturientium, 
Pain  8,  labour — t  Post  partum,  see  Pains,  labour. 

TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet 

TOROS'ITAS,  Corpulen'tia  carno'sa,  Eab'xtus 
athlet' ictts.  Muscular  strength;  from  torosus, 
'  brawny,' —  tort,  '  brawn/ 

TOROSUS,  Muscular. 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,  Holonar- 
cosia. 

TORPID,  Tor'pidus,  (F.)  Engourdi;  from  tor- 
peo,  'I  am  benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable  of 
exertion  and  of  feeling.    Dull,  stupid,  inactive. 

TORPIDITAS,  Torpor. 

TORPIDUS,  Narcotised,  Torpid. 

TORPOR,  Torpid'itas,  Noth'rotes,  Parap'sU 
expert,  (F.)  Enfftmrdimement,  from  torpere,  'to 
be  numbed.'  State  of  a  part  which  becomes 
numb,  and  almost  incapable  of  motion.  Torpor, 
Torpid'ity,  Torpid' ness,  Tor'pitude  are  also  ap- 
plied to  a  debilitated,  sluggish  condition  of  a  part 
or  of  the  whole  of  the  body;  Ahr'gia,  (F.)  Acca-  , 
blement. 

Torpob,  Narcosis— t  of  the  Colon,  see  Colon, 
torpor  of  the — t  Intestinonun,  Constipation — t 
Soporificus,  Noear. 

TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire,  England, 
whioh,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  its  climate, 
and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the  bleaker  winds, 
is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Tor*sio.  The  act  of  twisting. 
Torsion  of  the  extremities  of  bleeding  vessels, 
Angios'trophi,  until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  is 
sometimes  used  to  arrest  hemorrhage  from  divided 
vessels. 

TOR  TELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS,  Obstip'itas,  Caput  obsti'pum, 
Obsti'pa  cervix,  Obstip'itas  cap'itis  seu  Colli,  CoU 
lum  obsti'pum,  Trachel'agra,  Enta'sia  Loxia, 
Loxfias,  Uephalox'ia,  An  cy  lode' re,  Ancylode'ris, 
RhiBbocra'nia,  Auchenorrheu'ma,  Rheumatis'mu* 
colli,  Rh.  Cervi'cis,  Stiffneck,  Wrynecks  from 
torquere,  tortum, '  to  twist,'  and  collum, '  the  nesk/ 


T0RTOI6B 


866 


tbachAlo 


A  variety  of  rheumatism,  seated  in  the  muscles 
of  the  neck,  which  prevents  the  motion  of  the 
head,  and  causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  to 
the  side  affected.  It  is,  commonly,  of  short  dura- 
tion; usually  disappearing  in  a  few  days.  Rube- 
facients are  the  best  topical  applications.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contraction  of 
the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes  the  head 
to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy  is  the  divi- 
sion of  the  contracted  muscles. 

TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER,  GREAT,  Hy- 
draspis  expansa. 

TORTUS,  Testudo. 

TORTURA  ORIS,  Canine  laugh,  Neuralgia 
faciei — t  Oris  paralytica  Linnaei,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

TOR'ULA  CEREVIS'LE,  Saccharom'ycee  seu 
if y coder' ma  eereviaia,  Cryptoeoc'cut  ferment' urn, 
Yeast  plant  One  of  the  simplest  forms  of  vege- 
tation, capable,  under  favourable  circumstances, 
of  vegetating  rapidly,  and  assisting  in  producing 
the  fermentation  of  saccharine  substanees.  The 
plant  has  been  found  in  vomited  fluids,  and  in 

TORULUS  GLANDIS,  Crown  of  the  glans. 

TORUS,  Muscle  —  t  Mantis,  Metacarpus. 

TOTA  BONA,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

TOTUM  CARNOSUM,  Pancreas. 

TOUCH,  Tactiu,  Tac'tio,  Haphe,  Hap*i»,  Tac- 
tion, Palpa'tion,  (F.)  Toucher.  One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  Ac.  It  is  seated,  particularly, 
In  the  hands;  and  differs  from  tact  in  being 
active. 

Touch-me-itot,  Impatient  fulva. 

Touch,  Royal.  It  was  at  one  time  almost  uni- 
versally believed,  in  England,  that  the  royal  touch 
would  remove  Scrofula  or  King's  Evil,  (as  it  was 
thence  called.)  This  superstition  is  now  entirely 
exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor,  was  the  first 
English  king  who  touched  for  the  Evil. 

TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch. 

TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TOUR  DE  MAlTRE,  Coup  de  wxaUrt.         \ 

TOUR  BILL  ON  VASCULAIRE,  Vasa  Tft- 


TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium  Europaum. 

TOUR N (OLE,  Paronychia. 

TOUR'NlQUET,  Tor'eular,  Tor'enlum,  Tor- 
nac'ulum,  Prce'linm,  Pra'lium,  Prat'Unm  seu  Pre- 
lum arteria' U,  Verticil'lum,  Fascia  tor'tilte,  from 
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument 
for  stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  principal 
artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  surgeon, 
Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century ;  and 
was  modified  subsequently,  by  Nuek,  Verdue, 
Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to  suspend, 
for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb,  during  great 
operations ;  to  arrest  arterial  hemorrhage  in  cases 
of  wounds;  to  compress  certain  aneurisms!  and 
other  tumours,  Ac. 

T0US-LES-M0I8,  Am'ylnm  eanna'ctnm.  A 
feeula  obtained  from  the  root  of  Canna  cocci  n'ea. 
It  resembles  potato  starch,  and  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  arrow-root.  It  is  obtained  from  St 
Kitts. 

TOUTS  BONNE,  Salvia  sclarea. 
•  TOUTS  &PIOE,  see  Myites  pimenta  —  t. 
Saine,  Sanieula. 

TOUX,  Tussis— f.  Sieve,  Pertussis— t  Bron- 
thiqnt,  Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal — f.  Caver- 
flense,  see  Cavernous  'Wpiration  —  I.  Convulsive, 
Pertussis  —  t.  Qmntwse,  Pertussis  —  U  Tttbaire, 
Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal. 

TOXIOKMIA,  Toxicohamia. 

TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 


TOXICATIO,  Poisoning. 

TOXICODENDRON,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

TOXICORfi'MIA,  Toxicm'mia,  from  nfca* 
4  a  poison/  and  '«/«,  *  blood.'  Poisoning  of  (fc 
blood. —  Piorry. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  Toxicologic,  from  nfr» 
(itself  from  rs^ow, « a  bow,')  *  a  poison,'  sad  Up* 
'  a  description.'    A  treatise  on  poisons. 

TOXICO'SES,  (G.)  Toxikosen,fromT»&» 
'a  poison.'  A  family  of  diseases,  secordiero 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  caused  by  the  ret? 
tion  of  poisons  into  the  system. 

TOXICUM,  Poison,  Venom. 

TRABECULA  CEREBRI,  Corpus  esDoio- 
t  Cordis,  Columns  carnese. 

TRABECULE  SPLENlS,see  Splwa-tW 
tisii,  Chordae  Will  urn. 

TRABES  CORDIS,  ColumnsB  earse*. 

TRABS,  Penis— t  Cerebri,  Corpus  csE«b»- 
t  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACE,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  priniure. 

TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however,  **«» 
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a  arfe'rta,  Bronchi*,  A* 'if* 
arteria,  Fie' tula  spiritua'Us,  F.pnlmtwa'li'.1^ 
no,  Syrin'ga,  Syrinx;  the  Windpipe,  Tl.-' '> 
(F,)  Trachte  arihre,  from  rpagvf,  •msrV  t. 
aprqpta,  'artery,'  composed  of  a*p,  'air.'  a. 
rtfottv,  '  to  keep.'  The  trachea  is  a  cjljfc*- 
fibro-cartilaginous  and  membranous  taW,  -*- 
tened  behind,  and  situate  on  the  median  licr-k- 
fore  the  vertebral  column,  from  the  inferior  )**  | 
of  the  larynx,  as  far  as  the  third  dorsal  ur^/v 
There  it  divides  into  two  branches,  the  &<-  ' 
which  separate  to  go  to  each  lung.  Tie  Wie- 
the function  of  which  is  to  convey  air  }*  -« 
lungs  during  respiration,  is  composed,  1.  Of «• 
tilaginous  rings,  An'nvli  cartilagi»'ei,  $*f  • "» 
cartilagiu'ea,  Orbet  cartitagino'ti,  ineomp-tc  :«- 
hind ;  situate  one  above  the  other,  sad  W  '• 
ti  f«  by  a  fibrous  membrane.  2.  Of  a  ■**■ 
membrane,  which  lines  it  internally,  and  wo*-"* 
numerous  jpucous  follicles.  3.  Of  tra»w* 
muscular  fibres,  not  well-marked,  which  <  ^r.T 
its  posterior  surface.  4.  Of  vessels,  which  p* 
coed  from  the  superior  and  inferior  thjr*i»: 
>nd,  5.  Of  nerves,  that  are  given  off  bt  the  pa* 
mogastrio  and  the  cervical  ganglia.  The  tott- 
ing tubes  of  insects  are  termed  Trachea. 

Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea, 

TRACHEA,  see  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEAL,  Trachea* lis.  Appertaiiiat  * 
the  trachea.  An  epithet  applied  to  resps^1 
as  heard  through  the  stethoscope  oppo?i:«  ~ 
trachea,  larynx,  and  root  of  the  bronchi*;  2J 
air  appearing  as  if  sucked  in  from  th«  cyi** 
during  inspiration,  and  expelled  dorisr  <& 
ration. 

Tracheal  Glands.  Mucous  follkles  es  * 
posterior  surface  of  the  trachea.  They  s««»* 
flattened  ovoid  bodies. 

TRACHiE  ART$RE,  Trachea. 

TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  traeheaus. 

TRACBEtAGRA,  Torticollis. 

TRACHELIAN,  CervicaL 

TRACHELISM'US,  from  r*«»Xf*  'ih««* 
A  term  proposed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  »> 
eied  spasmodic  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  «* 
which  he  esteems  to  be  the  cause  of  hub j  bkt* 
phenomena,  by  inducing  compression  of  th«  ^* 
of  the  neck  and  an  impeded  return  of  Ueoss* 
the  head. 

TRACHELITIS,  Cynanche  tracheal* 

TRACHELIUM  AMEBIC  AtfUM,!**24* 


TRACffJiLO-ATLOWO-OWfPITJiLi* 

quus  superior  capitis — #.  AtU+do-hwUit*,  **• 
capitis  lateralis  —  U  Batilairt,  Bectas  *f&* 


TRACHELO 


86T 


TRANSPOSITIO 


tenra*  major — t.  Baexlaire,  petit,  Rectos  capitis 
intoning  minor. 

TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Trachelo- 
diaphragmatficue.  The  fourth  pair  of  cervical 
nerves,  whence  the  phrenio  nerve  chiefly  arises. 
—  Chaussier. 

TRACH&LO-MASTOIDIEN,  Complexus  mi- 
nor— t.  Occipital,  Complexus —  *.  Phyma,  Bron- 
chooele —  t.  Scapulaire,  Levator  scapulat 
TRACHELOS,  CoUum. 
TRACHEOCELE,  Bronchooele. 
TRACHEOPHONY,  Laryngophony. 
TRACHEOPHTHISIS,  see  Phthisis  laryngec, 
TRACHEORRHAG"IA,  Hamop'to*  sea  H<t- 
mop'tyeie  larynge'a  et  trachea' lit,  from  ra^eca, 
'  the  trachea,'  and  pnywut, '  to  break  forth.    Hae- 
morrhage from  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOSTENOSIS,  from  rs«x<i«,  'the 
trachea,'  and  ersvuteis,  '  contraction/  Contraction 
or  narrowness  of  the  trachea. 
TRACHEOTOMY,  see  Bronchotomy. 
TRACHITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHO'MA,  A*pre'do,  from  rp«xv*  'rough.' 
Gran'ular  conjunctiva,  (fran'ular  eyelid,  (F.) 
Asperity  dee  Paupiiree.  A  roughness  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eyelids ;  granular  eyelids.  A  va- 
riety of  ophthalmia,  of  which  three  kinds  have 
boen  designated : —  T.  eabulo'eum,  from  sand,  Ac, 
getting  between  the  eyelids;  T.  carunculo'iwn, 
Phadaro'dee,  PKadaro'eie,  Morum  paVpehrm  in- 
ter'na,  from  fleshy  excrescences;  and  T.  herpetf- 
icum,  from  hard  pustules  on  the  inner  surface  of 
the  eyelids.  This  last  is,  also,  called  Fico'eie,  and 
PaVpebra  Jlco'ea. 

TRACT,  OPTIC,  see  Optic  nerves  — t  Respi- 
ratory, see  Respiratory  tract 
TRACTATIO  MANUARIA,  Surgery. 
TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see  Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METALLIC.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecticut, 
about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure  diseases. 
The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these  tractors,  and 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases  were  reported  to 
have  been  cured  by  the  Tractora'tion*  The  affec- 
tions, in  which  they  were  chiefly  used,  were  local 
inflammations,  and  pains  in  different  parts.  The 
good  effects  were,  doubtless,  owing  to  the  inflaenoe 
exerted  by  the  mind  over  the  body.  The  bubble 
did  not  exist  long.    See  Perkinism. 

TRACTUS  INTBSTINORUM,  Intestinal 
Tube  —  t  Opticus,  see  Optic  nerves  —  t  Reepi- 
ratorius,  Respiratory  tract 

Tractus  Spira'lis  Forakihuler'tus.  Minute 
openings  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus,  arranged 
in  a  spiral  manner,  which  transmit  the  filaments 
of  the  cochlear  nerve.  The  central  canal  of  the 
Tractus  is  longer  than  the  rest,  and  is  called  Tv'- 
bulus  centra' lit  modi'oli. 

TRADESCAN'TIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Spider* 
wort;  indigenous;  Order,  Commelynaceie;  flow- 
ering from  May  to  August  The  roots  are  de- 
mulcent 

TRAGACAN'THA,  Gummi  Tragacan'tha,  Q. 
Aetrag'ali  Tragacanth*,  Gum  Tragacanth,  Gum 
Dragon.  The  concrete  juice  of  the  Aetragalue 
Tragacaniha  or  Aetragalue  Verne,  a  native  of 
Persia.  Family,  Leguminosas.  Sex.  Syet,  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  (F.)  Gornme  Adragant,  Adra- 
gant, This  gum  is  inodorous ;  nearly  insipid ;  of 
a  whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  is  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces;  and  does  not  form 
»  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water.  It  is 
demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAGEA  AROMATICA,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
eompoaitas. 


TRAG"ICUS,  Tragien  (Ch.),  from  Tragus.  A 
small,  flat,  triangular  muscle  which  almost  wholly 
covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  tragus,  arising 
from  its  base,  and  terminating  at  the  top  of  the 
eminence. 

TRAGIEN,  Tragicus. 

TRAGOMASCHA'LIA,  Tragomas'chati,  from 
Tpayos,  'a  goat,'  and  pa^aA*,  'axilla.'  The  strong, 
unpleasant  odour  of  the  armpits. 

TRAGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 


TRAGOPO'GON,  Barba  hirei,  from  roayec,  <a 
goat,'  and  royov,  'beard.'  A  genus  of  plants; 
Family,  Cichoraeeae.    Sex.  8y*t.  Syngenesia  Po- 


lygamia  i&qualis.  (F.)  Barbe  de  Boue;  of  which 
the  roots  of  the  Tragopogon  porrifo'lium,  Saleifi, 
Oyster-root,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  T.pra- 
ten'se",  Meadow  Saleifi,  Common  Goaf e  Beard,  (F.) 
Saleifie  dee  prle,  are  eaten  as  food.  The  root  of 
the  latter  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic 

TRAGOSEXJNUM,  PimpineUa  saxifraga  —  t 
Angelica,  Ligusticum  podograria  —  t.  Magnum, 
Pimpinella  magna — t  Majus,  PimpineUa  magna 
—  t  Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS,  rpayos,  'a  goat;'  from  its  being  fur- 
nished, in  some  persons,  with  hair,  like  the  beard 
of  a  goat  Bfireue,  Hirquue.  A  small,  flattened, 
triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the  meatus  audi* 
tortus  externus,  which  it  appears  to  conceal.  It 
is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people,  whence  its 
name.  Also,  the  peculiar  goat-like  smell  of  the 
axilla*. 

Tragus  Matthioli,  Salsola  kali 

TRAINASSE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

TRAMI8,  PerinSBum. 

TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Ecstasis. 

TRANCH&ES,  Tormina— U  Uiirinee,  Pains, 
after. 

TRANSFIGURATIO,  Transformation. 

TRANSFORMATION,  Traneforma'tio,Trane- 
Jigura'tio,  Tranemuta'tio,  Metab'oU,  from  Irons, 
'  beyond,'  and  forma,  '  form/    Change  of  form. 

TRANSFORMATIONS  DE  TISSU,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ* 
The  chief  transformations  are  cartilaginous,  osse- 
ous, and-adipous.    See  Tissue. 

TRANSFTJ'SION,  Trane/ueio,  from  tranefun- 
dere  (trane,  and /unrfere,  '  to  pour*), '  to  pour  from 
one  vessel  into  another.'  Trane/ueio  San'guinie, 
Oura  Medea'na,  Mcihamachym'ia,  ffamatome- 
tach'yeie,  Hamometach'yeiefDiach'yeie,  Traneplan- 
ta'tio  med'ica  nova,  Ohirur'gia  trane/ueo'ria,  Ex- 
otichmmato'eie.  The  act  of  passing  the  blood  of 
one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another ;  an  opera- 
tion which  was  formerly  used  to  fulfil  various 
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has  been  revived 
in  cases  of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently, 
with  some  success. 

The  operation  can  only  be  performed  safely 
on  animals  having  like  kinds  of  blood.  See 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSMUTATIO,  Transformation. 

TRANSPIRATIO,  Penfpiration— t  TJnflatexa, 
Hemldiaphoreshi. 

TRANSPLANTA'TIO,  Metaphytefa.  A  pre. 
tended  method  of  curing  diseases,  devised  by 
Paracelsus — by  making  them  pass  from  one  indi- 
vidual to  another,  either  animal  or  vegetable. 

TRAKBPLAirrATTO,  Morioplastico  —  t  Medica 
nova,  Transfusion. 

Tbaksplanta'tio  Dhotis,  In*it"io  dentie.  The 
act  of  transplanting  a  tooth  from  one  persol  to 
another. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 


TRANSPOSITION 


868 


TRAPEZIUM 


TRANSPOSITION,  Transpositio,  from  trans, 
over,'  and  ponere, '  to  pat'  Metath'esis.  Change 
of  situation. 

Transposition  of  the  Vis'cera,  Polype'ria 
promts' cua  translati'va,  Intus  inventus,  is  a  con- 
genital vice  of  conformation,  which  consists  in 
the  viscera  being  found  out  of  the  situations  they 
ordinarily  occupy :  the  heart,  for  example,  being 
on  the  right  side ;  the  liver  on  the  left,  Ac 

TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

TRANSUDATION,  Transuda'tio,  from  trans, 
'  through/  and  sudare,  sudatum,  '  to  sweat.'  The 
passage  of  a  fluid  through  the  tissue  of  any  or- 
gan, which  may  collect  in  small  drops  on  the 
opposite  surface,  or  evaporate  from  it. 

Transudation,  Ezosmose. 

TRANSVERSAIRE  £PINBUX,  Tranever- 
salis  dorsi — U  Japineux  du  con,  Semispinalis  colli 
—  t.  Orile,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  t.  Epineux  du 
dot,  Semi-spinatus  dorsL 

TRANSVERSAL  BE  LA  CON  QUE,  Trans- 
versalis  auris  —  t.  du  Net,  Compressor  nasi  —  t, 
des  OrteiU,  Transversus  pedis. 

TRANSVERSALIS,  Transverse. 

Transversa'lib  Abdominis,  (F.)  Lombo-ab- 
dominal,  (Ch.)  Transverse  de  F Abdomen.  This 
muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and  broader  before 
than  behind.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  carti- 
lage of  the  last  true  rib,  and  to  those  of  every 
false  rib ;  and,  below,  to  the  inner  lip  of  the  crista 
of  the  ilium  j  to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pubis.  Its 
fibres,  moreover,  are  inserted,  behind,  by  means 
of  broad  aponeuroses,  into  the  top  of  the  trans- 
verse and  spinous  processes  of  the  first  four  lum- 
bar vertebra;  and,  before,  into  the  linea  alba, 
and  the  ensiform  cartilage.  This  muscle,  all  of 
whose  fibres  have  a  transverse  direction,  con- 
stricts the  belly,  and  diminishes  the  base  of  the 
chest,  by  drawing  inwards  the  ribs  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

Transversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis  —  t.  Collaterals  colli,  see  Sacro- 
lumbalis. 

Transvebsa'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Major 
colli,  Portion  of  the  Sacrospinal  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Transversaire.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the  posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  back.  It  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  fire  or  six  lowest  vertebrae  of  the 
neck ;  and  to  those  of  the  four  or  five  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebrae  of  the  neck,  and  inclines 
them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Transversalis  Dorsi,  Transverso- spinalis, 
IfuUi/'idus  Spina,  Lumbo-cervical  portion  of  the 
Spinal  (Ch.),  ( Transversospinal  Lumbo'rum, 
Transverso -spinalis  Dorsi,  Transverso -spinalis 
Colli,)  Mas' cuius  saeer,  Spinales  et  transversales 
lumborum,  Semi-spinalis  internus  sive  Transverso- 
spinal colli  pars  interna  (Winslow),  Lombo- 
dorsi-spinal,  £c,  (F. )  Transversaire  ipineux. 
This  muscle,  usually  called,  by  English  anato- 
mists, Multifldus  spina,  and  including  all  the 
transverso  -  spinales,  is  situate  in  the  vertebral 
gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
sacrum  to  the  second  oervical  vertebrae.  It  is 
thicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than  in  the  back 
and  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is — to  straighten 
the  vertebral  column,  and  to  impress  upon  it  a 
slight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TRANSVERSARIUS,  Transverse. 

TRANSVERSE,  Transver'sus,  Transversa'lis, 
Transversa* rius,  from  trans,  '  over,'  and  vertere, 
'to  turn.'    That  which  runs  across:  also,  that 


which  relates  to  the  transverse  procesm  «f  1st 
vertebra). 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Face,  arise*  fne 
the  temporal ;  passes  transversely  across  the  ta 
in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw.  i&4 
gives  its  branches  to  the  different  muscle*  of  tk 
cheek. 

Transverse  Fissure,  see  Liver— t  Lipwa 
of  the  Atlas,  Annular  ligament 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  Urdkr+km- 
bar  (Ch.),  is  given  off  from  the  upper  brad  a* 
the  internal  pudic;  and  passes  inwards  acd  to- 
wards above  the  transversus  perinei  muck.  ■ 
far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which  it  fy 
subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Processes  or  tee  Vee'tou 
Diapophuses,  of  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses  trvutv* 
des  vertlbres,  are  the  bony  eminences  that  j«* 
transversely  and  posteriorly  from  the  sides  of  «a 
vertebra. 

Transverse  Suture,  Sutu'ra  trmssem'k 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  theerffl: 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  i» 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  iriff- 
ruptions,  that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  u » 
suture. 

TRANSVERSE  DE  L'ABDOMEX,  Tn* 
versalis  abdominis  —  U  de  FOricuU,  Tnura** 
auris  —  L  du  PSrinie,  Transversus  perincL 

TRANSVERSOSPINAL,  Semi-spiaafe  «.- 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis,  Traosrenu 
dorsi — t  Spinalis  colli.  Semi-spinalis  colli -i 
Spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Trmuttr'n*  ± 
ric'uUz,  (F.)  Transverse  de  POrieule  (Ch.),  f**> 
versal  de  la  Conque,  is  often  wanting.  1«  * 
formed  of  some  transverse  fibres,  sitsate  »*■ 
versely,  behind  the  projection  of  the  helix  vifei 
divides  the  concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Pedis,  Scandula'rivs,  (F.)  're- 
versal des  Orteils,  Mitatarsosous  phaltnfi*  **"" 
versal  du  premier  orteil  (Chanssier).  A  ■■** 
which  arises  by  fleshy  slips  from  the  heads  ef  ik 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  three  outer  toot  *» 
tendon  is  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  im  & 
lanx  of  the  great  toe,  being  blended  vita  c* 
of  the  adductor  poUicis. 

Transversus  Pertn^i,  Levator  A*i  p** 
Ischio-pSrineal  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Transverse  d*  /*-« 
is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  peris*^ 
It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  trSM"!*,- 
Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to  the  ns* 
and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium:  its  inner  extraf; 
is  confounded  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  £'- 
and  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  spbinrt*  * 
and  posterior  part  of  the  bulbo-cavernoi at  *~ 
use  of  this  muscle  is, — to  compress  the  a*-* 
and  to  support  the  rectum  and  bladder.  I:  • 
fasciculus  of  this  muscle,  Santorini  ha*  rjr** 
name  Ore'tkra  EUva'tor  sen  EjaeuWtsr. 

Transversus  Periw^'i  Alter,  Pn***9 
inferior.  A  small  muscle  which  occasocft^^ 
companies  the  last 

TRAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  Macre/ett**,  ** 
cTEau,  Chaiaigne  d'Eau.  Sex.  SysL  Te*n*=* 
Monogynia.  The  plant  which  affords  the  J>* 
Aquatic*,  Trib'uli  aquatic*,  Caltrops,  ft*** 
is  considered  nutrient  and  demulcent,  *»•!»*" 
to  be  useful  in  diarrhoea  from  abraswa  c:» 
bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A  poultice  is  !<*£* 
made  of  it  to  discuss  hard  and  indolent  »*•* 

TRAPEZE,  Trapeiium,  Ttapetias. 

TRAPE'ZIUM  OS,  r»m£<e».  Be  ealW  *» 
iU  shape.  Os  multan'oulum  majus,  (F.)  W«* 
pize.  The  first  bone  of  the  second  «•»■  * 
carpus.  It  is  articulated,  above,  with  the** 
phoides ;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the  ■* 


TRAPEZIUS 


869 


TRIANGULAR 


carpus;  within,  with  the  trapexoides,  and  seoond 
metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorly,  posteriorly,  and 
externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  OucuUa'rie,  (F.)  Dono^ue- 
acromien  (Ch.)y  Trapbe,  CapucKon.  A  muscle, 
jeated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  baek.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium;  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone;  to  the  posterior  cer- 
vical ligament;  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  7th 
cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those  of  all  the  dorsal 
vertebra;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  spine 
of  the  scapula;  the  acromion  and  the  outer  third 
of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  clavicle.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  situate  obliquely  downwards  and  out- 
wards; the  transverse  and  inferior,  obliquely  out- 
wards and  inwards.  This  muscle  elevates  the 
shoulder;  carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it, 
according  as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres 
contract  separately.  It  straightens  the  head, 
also,  and  inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAPEZOID  LIGAMENT.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  coraeo-elavioular  ligament  It  is  a 
very  strong,  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  has  the 
shape  of  a  trapezium,  and  is  situate  obliquely, 
between  the  acromion  process  and  olaviole. 

TRAPEZOli'DES,  OS,  O*  muUan'gulum  minus, 
0%  pyramida'U  carpi,  from  rpaxe(tov,  'a  trape- 
sium/ and  ttdos,  'shape  or  resemblance/  The 
second  bone  of  the  seoond  row  of  the  carpus, — so 
called  from  its  shape.    It  is  smaller  than  the  tra- 

rium,  on  the  inside  of  which  it  is  situate.  It 
articulated,  above,  with  the  os  navicnlare; 
below,  with  the  seoond  metacarpal  bone ;  on  the 
outside,  with  the  trapesium;  and  internally,  with 
the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it 
affords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAUBENOUB,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Btositas. 

TRAULOTES,  see  Btositas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 

TRAUMAT'IC,  Traumat'icue,  Vulnera'riue, 
Vul'nerary;  from  rpavpa,  '  a  wound.'  Anything 
relating  to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICA,  Detergents,  Vulneraries. 

TRAUMATIC  US,  Traumatic,  Vulnerary. 

TRAUMATOP'YRA,  Febrie  traumatica;  from 
TfKxvpa,  'a  wound/  and  *vp,  'fire.'  A  wound  fever, 
or  fever  consecutive  to  a  wound. 

TRAVAIL,  Parturition. 

TRAVAIL  1/ ENFANT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOT,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca— t.  English, 
Teucrium  ohamsdrys  —  t  Venice,  Theriaca. 

TREAD,  Cioatricula— &  of  the  Cook,  Molecule. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborea— t  of  Life, 
Thuya  occidental — t  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea. 

TRIFLE  UEAV,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREFOIL,  Hepatioa  triloba — t  Bean,  stink- 
ing, Anagyris — t  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna — t 
Sour,  Oxalis  acetosella— t.  Shrubby,  Ptelea  tri- 
foliata—t  Water,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREMA,  Foramen. 

TREMBLEMENT,  Tremor  — f.  MttaUique, 
Bee  Tremor. 

TREMBLES,  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor. 

TREMELLA  AURICULA,  Petisa  auricula. 

TREMOR,  Trepida'tio,  Syn' clonus  Tremor, 
Tromo-epaemue,  Tromua,  Trembling,  (F.)  Trem- 
hlement,  from  tremere,  'to  tremble/  Involuntary 
agitation  of  the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it,  with- 
out any  obstacle  to  voluntary  motion.  It  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  debility  of  the  muscular, 
°r  of  the  nervous  system;  and,  hence,  is  ob- 
served in  convalescence,  and  in  typhoid  affec- 


tions. It  occurs,  also,  in  old  people;  in  hard 
drinkers;  workers  in  mercury,  lead,  Ac. :  in  the 
last  case,  it  is  called  by  the  French,  TrembUment 
mitallique,  Tremor  metal'lictu.  Tremor  seems  to 
resemble  paralysis  more  than  convulsion.  See 
Paralysis  agitans  and  Pavitatio. 

Tremor  Cordis,  Hippus,  Palpitation  —  t.  Me- 
tallicus,  see  Tremor — t  Purring,  FrSmieeement 
cataire. 

TREPAN,  Trep'anum,  Terebel'la,  Trip'anon, 
Pereter'ium,  Peretor'ium,  Serra  vereat'ilie,  Ohom'- 
ioie,  Chcenic'ion,  Ter'ebra,  Ter'etron,  Tere'trium, 
Vertib'ulwn,  Try'panon,  (F.)  Trepan,  from  rpvraot, 
'  I  perforate/  A  surgical  instrument  resembling 
a  wimble,  and  worked  in  the  same  manner.  It 
is  used  for  removing  portions  of  bone,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  bones  of  the  skull.  The  term 
trepan  is  given  more  particularly  to  the  part  of 
the  instrument  that  makes  the  perforation.  The 
handle  is  so  constructed  as  to  receive  different 
bits,  as  the  Crown,  the  Trepan  perforatif  or  Pe- 
rite'rion,  the  T.  exfoliatif  or  Deequamato'rivm 
trep'anum,  and  the  T.  abaptie'ta. 

In  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
whioh  is  more  manageable. 

TREPANATIO,  Trepanning. 

TREPANATION,  Trepanning. 

TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anatre'nt,  Oe- 
phalotripe'eit,  Trepana'tio,  Trype'eie,  TreeU,  Pri- 
eie,  Priemue,  Fora'tio,  (F.)  Tripanation.  Same 
etymon  as  Trepan.  The  methodical  application 
of  the  trepan. 

TREPANON,  Trepan. 

TREPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has  re- 
placed the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  consists 
of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  handle  placed 
transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and  from  the 
centre  of  the  circle,  described  by  the  teeth  of  the 
saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  projects,  called  the 
Centre-pin,  The  centre-pin  is  capable  of  being 
removed,  at  the  surgeon's  option,  by  means  of  a 
key  for  the  purpose.  It  is  used  to  fix  the  instru- 
ment until  the  teeth  of  the  saw  have  made  a  cir- 
cular groove,  sufficiently  deep  for  it  to  work 
steadily.  The  pin  must  then  be  removed.  Some- 
times the  pin  is  made  to  slide  up  and  down,  and 
to  be  fixed  in  any  position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor— t.  Cordis,  Cardiotro- 
mus. 

TREPON'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  Tpwns,  from  rpu»,  'I  bore.'  Properly, 
a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  foroible  solution  of 
continuity  in  a  soft  part,  commencing  externally. 
A  genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

Tresis,  Trepanning,  Wound  —  t.  Causis,  Burn 
—  t.  Punctura,  Puncture  —  t  Vulnus,  Wound — 
t  Vulnus  laeeratum,  see  Laceration — t  Vulnus 
simplex,  Cut. 

TRESSAILLEMENT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  Epiei'on,  trtcuov.  A  term  for- 
merly  applied  to  the  hair  covering  the  mons  ve- 
neris, the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the  vulgar, 
been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  rot,  in  composition,  '  three/    Hence : 

TRIANGLE  MjSDULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIANGLE,  VESICAL,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIAN  'GULAR,  Trigo  'no*,  Triangula  'rU, 
from  trie,  for  tret,  'three/  and  angulue,  'an  angle.' 
That  which  has  three  angles. 

Triahoular  Ligament  or  Infra-pubian  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely beneath  the  symphysis  pubis,  which  it 
strengthens. 


TRIANGULARIS 


870 


TBICHOPHYIA 


TRIANGULARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris  — t. 
Coocygis,  Coccygeus — t  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Triangula' ris  Stbrni,  Sterno -costal  (Ch.,) 
Pectora'lis  inter1  nut,  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the  car- 
tilages of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a  length- 
ened triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  directed  down- 
wards. It  is  attached  to  the  posterior,  lateral, 
and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum,  whence  its  fibres 
pass  upwards  and  outwards,  and  terminate  by  as 
many  distinct  digitations  at  the  cartilages  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  true  ribs.  This  muscle  de- 
presses the  ribs  and  contributes  to  expiration. 

TRIBAS,  (P.)  Tribade,  from  rptfa  'I  rub.' 
Frictruc,  Frica'trix,  Futu'tor,  Mas'cula,  Subagi- 
ta'trix,  Subiga'tor.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is  so 
large  as  to  cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an  herma- 
phrodite. One  who  acts  as  a  male  with  another 
female. 

TRIBULI  AQTJATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LTJNARE,  Menses— t.  Men- 
struum, Menses. 

TRICjE,  Plica— 1  Ineuborum,  Plica— t.  Scro- 
forum,  Plica. 

TRICAGO,  Tenormin  ehamsddrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPS,  from  trie  for  tret,  'three,'  and  caput, 
'  head.'  A  name  given  to  muscles  that  have  three 
fleshy  bundles  at  one  of  their  extremities. 

Triceps  Adduc'tob  Fem'oris.  Under  this 
appellation  are  comprehended  three  distinct  mus- 
cles ;  Adductor  brevis,  A.  tongue,  and  A.  magnus. 

Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  auris — t  Brachialis, 
Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

Triceps  Cruris,  Femora'lit,  (P.)  Trifimoro* 
ratulien  (Ch.,)  Orural,  Trifemoro-tibi-rotulien, 
Triceps  crural,  T.  de  la  cuisee,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
Is  formed  of  threo  bundles  at  its  superior  extre- 
mity, Tis.  1.  A  middle  fasciculus  (the  crura'lis  of 
most  anatomists.)  S.  An  external  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  externum)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  internum)  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the  femur, 
and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera,  from 
the  base  of  the  trochanter  to  within  four  fingers' 
breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  terminates  by  a 
large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  base  and 
edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as  to  the  inner  and 
outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia.  The  triceps  ex- 
tends the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

TRICEPS  DE  LA  GUISSE,  Triceps  cruris— 
U  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

Triceps  Extbk'sor  Cu'biti,  Triceps  brachia'- 
lis,  (P.)  Scapulo-humero-olScranien  (Ch.),  Triceps 
brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occupies  all  the 
posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described  as 
two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by  Wins- 
low.  It  arises  by  three  heads.  The  first  or  long 
head,— long  head  of  the  biceps  externut  of  Doug- 
las, Anconeus  major  of  Winslow, — arises  from  the 
anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  coeta  of  the 
scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the  origin  of 
the  teres  minor  The  second  head,  or  short  head 
of  the  biceps  extemue  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  exter- 
wis  of  Winslow,  arises  from  the  upper  and  outer 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the  base  of  the  great 
tuberosity;  and  the  third  head, — Brachialis  ex- 
ternus  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  intemus  of  Winslow, 
—the  shortest  of  the  three,  arises  from  the  back 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  behind  the  flat  tendon  of 
the  latissimus  dorsi.  These  three  portions  unite 
about  the  middle  of  the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one 
thick  and  powerful  muscle,  which  is  inserted  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  olecranon.  It  extends  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

Triceps  Magnus,  Adductor  magnus— t.  Minor, 


Adductor  longus  femorU— t  Seeondra,  AAdadv 
brevis. 
TRICHJB  INCUBORUM,  Plica, 
TRICHANGIECTA'SIA,  Angidiecte'**,  fc 
chocireue,  from  $**%,  rpix*f  '*  hair/  eYytm'i 
vessel,'  and  crroc*  '  dilatation.'  Morbid  dila- 
tion of  the  capillary  vessels. 

TRICHAUX'B;  from  $/m&  vm**  'bair/nd 
avfr,  'increase/  Increase  in  the  quantity  mi 
sise  of  the  hair,  without  change  of  teitnit 

TRICHERA  ARVENSIS,  Seabiota. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHFASIS,  Trichiasis,  TWeao'w,  fco 
fyif,  rptxos,  'hair.'  Morbus  pilaris.  This iiJte 
has  been  given  to  several  affections.  1.  To»o> 
ease  of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which  ikeo:* 
ous  substances,  resembling  hairs,  are  paeri  c 
the  urine.  This  is  also  called  PUimic'tk.  i: 
must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  Cator** 
vesi'ca.  2.  To  a  painful  swelling  of  the  tav& 
in  child-bed  women,  when  the  milk  is  eiotft. 
with  difficulty :  —  a  disease  attributed,  bj  A* 
totle,  to  a  hair  swallowed  by  accident  sad  on* 
to  the  breasts  through  the  circulation;  uA'A 
To  inversion  of  the  eye-lashes.    See  Entrepot 

TRICHIASIS  LACTEA,  Infardu  ma* 
laoteua. 

TRICHILIA,  Cathartics. 

TRICHI'NA  SPIRA'LIS.  Same  etrae  A 
small  species  of  entosoa  discovered  in  the  E*d* 
of  voluntary  motion.  Trichina*  eooiiit  of  ray 
minute  cysts,  of  an  oblong  figure,  baring  ee* 
derable  resemblance,  in  size  and  colour,  to  T*3? 
pedknli,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  tb  « 
found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  symptom  fcf 
as  yet  been  observed  to  be  pathognomonic  a* *■ 
presence. 

TRICHIOSIS,  Trichiasis— t  Distrix,  K&* 

TRICHIS'MUS.  Same  etymon,  (ty^v 
Fissu'ra  pila'ris.  A  capillary  fraetare,  im* 
or  crack. 

TRICHIURIA,  Trichooephalus. 

TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  7WeAo«p*'«fo  *" 
par:  from  $pi£,  Tpt^oj,  'a  hair/  sod  e** 
'head.'  Triehu'rit,  Trichurie  vulgaris,  Tri:*? 
intestina'lis,  As* curie  trichu'ria,  Triekts'ri*,^ 
chocephalus  homfiniet  Maetigo'des  horn**** 
thread-worm.  A  worm,  from  an  inch  aid » »• 
to  two  inches  long;  the  head  acute?  tkeWJ 
spirally  involuted  in  the  male,  almost  tiwp; 
the  female.  The  trichoeephalus  **q"rFf% 
inhabits  the  caecum  and  colon,  and  fe  ramjp 
with  in  the  small  intestines.  It  fires  r#*h 
peculiar  symptoms,  and  requires  the  n«*  * 
thelmmtic  treatment. 

TRICHOCIRSUS,  Trichangieetasia. 

TRICHOLABIS,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLABIUM,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLOGIA,  Carphologia. 

TRICHOMA,  Capillamentom,  PIk*. 

TRICHOMANES,  Aspknhua  (rid 
— i  Crenata,  Asplenium  triohomanoidw. 

TRICHOMATION,  CapilUxnentBUL 

TRICHOMATOSE  HAIR,  Plica, 

TRICHOMONAS,  Trichom'esmd ;  tm  «* 
rpiX*s,  'a  hair,'  and  povas,  ,«••&*  '■»** 
animalcule  found  by  by  M.  Donne*  in  the  ■*■ 
of  the  vagina,  where  cleanliness  hat  «"***■* 
tended  to,  and  to  which  he  has  grwn  the  J» 
Trichom'onas  vaginalis.  By  some  it  »«»**: 
to  be  nothing  more  than  separated  m&V 
thelium  from  the  uterus.  ■ 

TRICHON'OSUS,  from  ^  rpx*, '  »*  * 
voevft  '  disease/    A  disease  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHY'iA,  Trichopigt'***  *+  * 


TRICHOPHYTON 


871 


TRISMUS 


*p<X»fc  'hair/  and  <f>vav,  'to  grow.  Remedies 
that  promote  the  growth  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHYTON  TONSURANS,  see  Porrigo 
decalvans. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia. 

TRICHO'SIS,  Pila're  malum;  from  fy«{,  *P'- 
Xoit  '  hair.'  Morbid  organisation  or  deficiency 
of  hair.    A  genus  in  the  system  of  Good. 

Trichosis,  Entropion,  Trichiasis  —  t  Area, 
Porrigo  decalvans — t  Athriz,  Alopecia — t.  Dis- 
trict, Diatrix — t  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfarans — 
t.  Hirsuties,  Hirsnties — t  Plica,  Pliea — t  Polio- 
sis, Poliosis — t.  Setosa,  Hystrioiasis. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp. 

TRICHURIS,  Trichocephalus. 

TRTCLISPERMA  GRANDIFLORA,  Polygala 
paucifolia. 

TRICUS'PID,  Tricue'pie,  Tricuepida'lie,  Tri- 
enepida'tue,  from  trie  for  tret,  *  three,'  and  cuepie, 
*  a  point'    That  which  has  three  points. 

Tricuspid  Valves,  Val'vula  Tricue'pidee  sen 
triglo' chines  seu  triiul'c*,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  duplicatures,  formed  by  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart,  around 
the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  communicates 
with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and  pointed 
top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous  with  the 
chord®  tendinese,  which  set  out  from  the  column® 
carnero  of  the  heart.  These  valves  are  depressed 
to  allow  the  Dlood  to  flow  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle ;  and  are  raised  to  prevent  its  reflux 
into  the  auricle. 

TRIENS,  Uh'cub  qua'tuor.  The  third  part  of 
a  pound.    Four  ounces,  Troy. —  Galen. 

TRIFACIAL,  Trigemini. 

TRIF&MORO-ROTULIEN,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Tibi-rotulien,  Triceps  cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oralis  acetosella 
-— t.  Aquatieum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata — t.  Au- 
reum,  Hepatica  triloba — t  Cervinum,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — t  Fibrinum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata 
— t.  Hepaticum,  Hepatica  triloba. 

Tripo'lium  Melilo'tcs  Officinalis,  T.  offic"- 
ina'12,  Melilo'tue  citfrina,  3felilotu9,  Lotus  sylves'- 
trit,  Ser'tula  Compa'na,  Trifo'lium  caballi'num, 
Coro'na  regia,  Trifolium  orfora'fwm,  Common 
mel'ifot,  (F.)  Mtlilot.  Family,  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Sy*t.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  infusion 
or  distilled  water  of  this  plant  has  been  employed 
In  oases  of  ophthalmia.  It  has  also  been  used  in 
fomentations,  glysters,  Ac 

Trifolittm  Officinale,  T.  melilotus  officinalis 
—  t.  Paludosum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata — t,  Pa- 
lustre,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigae'tricne,  Triven'ter;  from 
rpettt  '  three,'  and  yaorrip,  '  belly.'  That  which 
has  three  bellies.  An  epithet  for  muscles  so  cir- 
cumstanced. 

TRIGEM'INI,  Tergem'int,  from  frit,  'three,' 
and  gem'inue,  'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.' 
The  fifth  pair  of  nerve*.  Par  trigem'inum,  Nervi 
divi'ei,  N.  guetato'rii,  Nernu  quintue,  Par  quan- 
tum nervorum  cerebra'lium,  N.  tremellue,  AT.  mix- 
ttu,  AT.  eympathet'icu*  me'diiu,  N.  eympath'icue 
vnediue,  N.  anon'ymue,  N.  innomina'ttu,  Par  trium 
funiciilo'rttm,  Trifa'eial,  (F.)  Nerf guetatif inno- 
minf,  Xerf  &  troit  eordee,  Kerf  trijumean.  This 
serve  arises  below  the  tuber  annulare  by  one 
large  posterior  root  from  the  corpora  restiformia, 
and  by  two  small  anterior  roots  from  the  corpora 
olivaria,  whence,  proceeding  forwards  to  the  side 
of  the  sella  Turcica,  the  filaments  composing  the 
large  root  form  a  ganglion  —  the  Gasserian. 
Emerging  from  this  ganglion,  the  filaments,  of 
which  the  large  root  consists,  form,  with  those 
constituting  the  small  roots,  and  which  had  not 


passed  through  the  ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks,  ' 
each  of  which  is  soon  divided  into  three  branches, 
in  such  a  manner,  however,  that  theirs*,  or  oph- 
thalmic branch,  and  the  second  or  upper  maxil- 
lary, are  composed  exclusively  of  the  filaments 
that  arose  from  the  corpora  restiformia  and  passed 
through  the  Gasserian  ganglion j  whilst  the  third 
or  lower  maxillary  branch  is  composed  in  part  of 
those  filaments,  and  in  part  of  those  that  arose 
from  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  passed  on  one  side 
of  the  ganglion  without  going  through  it.  The 
whole,  therefore,  of  the  first  and  second  branches, 
and  a  part  of  the  third  are  sensiferous  nerves, 
whilst  the  remaining  part  of  the  third — the  man'- 
ducatory  or  mai'ticatory —  is  wholly  motiferous, 
and  passes  to  the  pterygoid  and  other  musoles 
concerned  in  mastication. 

TRIGONE  C&R&BRAL,  Fornix— t.  Venal, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGONEL'JuA  FCENUM,  T.  Fm'num  GraV- 
cum,  Fen'ttgreek,  Fat'nugreek,  Famum  Qrm'cum, 
Bu'cerat,  B.  Famum  Gra'eum,  Carphoe,  uEgoc"- 
erae,  (F.)  FSnugrec.  Family,  Legnminosss.  Sex. 
Syet,  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  native  of  the 
south  of  France.  The  seeds  have  a  strong,  dis- 
agreeable smell,  and  an  unctuous,  farinaceous 
taste ;  accompanied  by  a  slight  bitterness.  They 
are  chiefly  used  in  poultices. 

TRIGONOS,  Triangular. 

TRIGONUS  VESICA,  see  Urinary  bladder— 
t  Lieutaudi,  see  Urinary  bladder. 

TRIJUMEAUX,  Trigemini. 

TRIL'LIUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Broadleaf 
Bethroot,  Bethroot,  Rattlesnake  root,  Wakerobint 
Ooughroot,  Indian  Balm,  Ground  Lily,  Jews'  Harp, 
Indian  Shamrock,  Pariswort,  Truelove.  Sex. 
Syst,  Hexandria  Trigynia.  A  plant  peculiar  to 
North  America,  which  blossoms  in  the  spring. 
The  root  is  astringent 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium,  all  of  which 
possess  the  same  properties. 

TRIOCEPHALIA,  Aprosopla. 

TRIOR'CHIS,  from  rpcts,  'three,'  and  spgif, 
'  a  testicle.'    One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRIOSTEOSPERMUM,  Triosteum. 

TRIOS'TEUM,  T.  Perfolia'tvm  seu  majue,  Tri- 
ostcospcr'mum,  Battard  Ipecacuan'ha,  Fever  Root, 
Feverwort,  Tinker's  weed,  Horse  ginseng,  Ipecac, 
Wild  Coffee,  White  ginseng,  Gen'tian,  White  Gen- 
tian, Sweet  Bitter,  In  very  large  doses,  the  bark 
of  the  root  proves  emetic.  It  is  a  good  cathartic, 
in  doses  of  twenty  or  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes 
operates  as  a  diuretic. 

TRIPE  DERO  CHE.  Different  lichens  of  the 
species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  arctio  regions 
of  America,  bear  this  name.  They  are  eaten  as 
food  by  the  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'MACUM.  rpupapftaxov.  A  medicine 
composed  of  three  ingredients. 

TRIPLET,  from  triplex, '  triple.'  One  of  threo 
children  born  at  the  same  accouchement  or  ges- 
tation. Also,  relating  to  triplets  —  as  a  ' triplet 
conception.' 

Triplet  Monsters,  Monetra  trip'lica  sen  tri- 
gem'ina,  are  such  as  have  parts  of  the  body  tripled. 
They  are  rare. 

TRIPSIS,  Contusio,  Trituration. 

TRIPUDIATIO  SPASTICA,  Chorea. 

TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform  (bone.) 

TRISIS,  Brygmus. 

TRISMUS,  from  ™{u»,  'I  gnash.'  Enta'tia 
Triemue,  Capis'trum,  Tonos  Triemue,  Locked  Jaw, 
Spaemue  seu  Rigor  seu  Tefunus  maxill'ai  infe- 
riorri»,  Guathoepae'muB,  Stomatoepas'mue,  (F.) 
3tal  de  Machoire.  Spastic  closure  of  the  under 
jaw ;  a  partial  tetanus.    Cullen  makes  two  v*. 


TKI6PERMUM 


872 


TR0CHANTINIA5 


rietles — T.  naecen'tium,  T.  neonate' mm,  Nineday 
fit*,  (F.)  Sarrite,  attacking  infants  daring  two 
weeks  from  birth ;  and  T.  traumatica,  originating 
from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistratus,  Brtdieeure — t  Catarrh- 
alis  maxillaris,  Neuralgia  mazillaris — t,  Clonicus, 
Neuralgia  faciei — t»  Cynicus,  see  Canine  laugh — 
t.  Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis,  Bell's  —  t 
Dolorificus,  Neuralgia  faciei — L  Maxillaris,  Neu- 
ralgia faciei  —  t.  Nascentium,  see  Trismus  —  t. 
Neonatorum,  see  Trismus  —  t  Sardonicus,  Risus 
sardonicus. 

TRISPER'MUM,  from  rput,  'three,'  and  <nrr/>- 
pa,  '  a  grain  or  seed.'  A  cataplasm,  consisting 
of  three  seeds, — cumin,  bay,  and  emallage.  Gor- 
ratus. 

TRISPLANCHIA,  Cholera. 

TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Trieplanch'nictte;  from 
rettt,  'three/  and  owXayxvor,  *  viscu*/  That  which 
relates  to  three  orders  of  viscera. 

Trisplanchhic  Nerve,  Great  eympathet'ic,  In- 
tercoe'tal,  Ganglionic  nerve,  Nerve  of  organ' ic 
life,  Vertebral  nerve;  —  named  by  Biohat  the 
organic  nervoue  eyetem,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervoue  eyetem. 
Gall  terms  it,  the  nervoue  eyetem  of  the  automatic 
functions.  It  has  also  been  called  the  organic 
uervoue  ey»temf  and  ganglionic  nervoue  eyetem.  It 
is  called  Trieplanchnic,  because  it  distributes  its 
branches  to  the  organs  in  the  three  great  splanch- 
nic cavities  —  the  head,  chest  and  abdomen.  It 
is  composed  of  a  series  of  ganglia,  united  by  in- 
termediate branches,  and  passing  along  the  side 
of  the  spine  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk; 
communicating,  by  a  branch,  with  each  of  the 
thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves  and  several  of  the 
cerebral  nerves;  and  detaching  nerves  from  its 
several  ganglia,  which  accompany  the  arteries, 
and  are  distributed,  particularly,  to  the  organs 
of  involuntary  functions.  At  its  upper  part,  it  is 
concealed  in  the  canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous 
sinus,  and  is  joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  6th 
pair  of  nerves,  and  by  a  twig  from  the  Vidian 
nerve  of  the  5th  pair.  In  passing  down  by  the 
aide  of  the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia  in  the 
neck: — the  enperior,  middle,  (thyroid  ganglion,) 
and  inferior,  (ver'tebral  ganglion);  12  in  the  back 
—the  thoracic;  5  in  tho  loins — the  lumbar;  and 
three  or  four  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the  coccyx 
it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  opposite  side, 
forming  a  small  ganglion  —  the  coccygeal,  Gan'- 
alion  impar,  az'ygoue  gan'glion.  Meckel  divides 
it  into  two  portions  —  1.  The  central  ganglions  or 
central  part,  composed  of  the  numerous  gangli- 
onic plexuses  in  the  abdomen  ;  tho  centre  of  which 
is  the  eemilunar  and  eolar  plexueee.  2.  The  ex- 
ternal ganglion*,  Limitrophe*  or  external  part, 
which  comprise  the  series  of  ganglions  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium to  the  sacrum.  The  great  sympathetic 
seems  to  form  a  distinct  nervous  system,  destined 
for  the  organs  of  involuntary  motion ;  for  although 
communicating  with  both  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row, it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under 
the  influence  of  either. 

TRISPLANCHNITIS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

TRISSAGO,  Teucrium  chanuedrys— t  Palus- 
trifl,  Teucrium  scordium. 

TRISTEMANIA,  Melancholy. 

TRISTERN'AL.  Blclard  has  given  this  name 
to  the  third  bony  portion  of  the  sternum ;  —  that 
which  corresponds  to  the  third  intercostal  space. 

TRISTITIA,  Athymia,  Moeror. 

TRIT2E0PHYA  AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 

AOW. 

TRIT-ffiOPHTES.  TritatopVya,  from  rpiratos, 
'tertian/  and  <f>vta,  'I  originate.'  A  fever,  whose 
type  approaches  the  tertian.    Sauvages  gave  the 


name  Tritaophya  Vrati*lavicn'<ri*,U)saeyi&m% 
which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  atBreilr, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 

TRIM  US,  Tertian  fever. 

TRIT'ICUM  ^STFVUM,  T.  ceren'It  m  fr 
valloe  seu  compac'tum  sen  erina'ceum  «eu  'r>< 
neria'uum  sen  LinnoHt'num  seu  pnriuo'tw, '  £ -a- 
mer  wheat/  and  Trit'icum  Htbebk'ui  kq $'*- 
cum  seu  Mu'ticum  seu  Sicfulum,  Winter  irW  F 
Froment.  Family,  Qraminese.  Sex.  SytL  Tn- 
andria  Digynia.  From  these  plants  oar  wfcei» 
flour  is  obtained,  by  grinding  the  seed*— ff*< 
Pyrue,  Frumen'htm—fmd  to  them  wear*  ndeW 
for  our  bread  and  pastry.  The  natriuTe  pra- 
ties of  wheaten  flour  are  so  well  known  uii 
to  need  comment 

Bread,  (F.)  Pain,  mixed  with  milk,  eart'tr- 
the  ordinary  emollient  poultice; — and  the  er«m 
of  bread,  Mica  panie,  are  a  common  act].--. 
for  pills  and  boluses. 

Triticum  Arvense,  T.  repens  —  t  Cereak  I 
SBStivum  —  t  Cevallos,  T.  a?stivum  — l  Cc-o- 
pactum,  T.  mstivnm  —  t  Faginum,  Poljrtca 
fagopyrum  — t  Gaertnerianvm,  T.  eetinjm-i 
Glaucum,  T.  hybernum,  and  T.  repeni— t  Hr** 
num,  see  T.  ssstivum — L  Muticum,  T.  hjVrta 
— t  Linnseanum,  T.  aeativum — t.  ProinusoEi.  * 
aBStivum. 

Trit'icum  Repekb,  T.  arven'a  tea  f7««^* 
Agrop'yrum  facie* eimum,  Bromue  gUtber,  b^** 
cani'num,  Gramen  dioecor'idie,  G.  rtpeu.  I*-*' 
ceum  radi'ci  repen'ti.  Dog- gran,  (Wip* 
Quicken*,  (F.)  Chiendent.  The  rooti  are** 
and  possess  aperient  properties.  They  are  »4 
also,  to  be  diuretic 

Triticum  Sjculum,  T.  hybernum. 

TRITIO,  Contritio,  Trituration. 

TRITON  PALUSTRIS,  see  Ectotoa. 

TRITURA,  Contritio. 

TRITURATION,  Tritura'tio, Tritu'rcT^ 
Tri'tio,  Tripeie,  from  terere,  tritum,  'K>bn» 
The  act  of  reducing  a  substance  to  powder. 

Trituration,  Contritio. 

TRITUS,  Contritio,  Trituration. 

TRIVELIN,  see  Liver. 

TRIVENTER,  Trigaetric 

TROCAR,  Trochar,  Acue  paraeent'ic*  «  P 
racentet'ica,  A.  triq'uetra  xulga'ri*,  ?*****• 
don,  Paraeentete'rum.  Corrupted  from  tt>  » • 
Troiequarte  or  Trocart,  'three quarters ;**>«** 
from  the  triangular  shape  of  the  point— W^ 
rum.  An  instrument  used  for  evacnariaj  fe* 
from  cavities,  particularly  in  ascites,  hydrvee* 
Ac  A  trocar  consists  of  a  perforator  or  *t* 
and  a  cannula,  which  is  so  adapted  to  ike  p* 
forator,  that,  when  the  puncture  is  made,  ko 
enter  the  wound  with  facility;  after wbieitf 
stylet  being  withdrawn,  the  cannula  reaiiss  > 
the  wound  and  affords  the  fluid  a  ready  p***F 
outwards. 

TBOGART,  Trocar. 

TROCH,  Trochiscos.  ^ 

TROCHANTER,  Trobanter,  Betfi?,  *• 
rpo^aw,  '  I  turn/  Anatomists  have  gives  & 
names  great  and  little  trochanter  to  twopr*** 
at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  femur.  The  r* 
trochanter,  glutue,  is  the  one  on  the  oalad*-* 
lee*  is  lower  down  and  more  internally.  t  - 
afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscle*  of  tae  -  -"1 
and  hence  their  name.  Chaossier,  by  uV^ 
trochanter,  means  the  larger  procesa,  the  saa* 
he  calls  trochantin.  . 

TROCHANTER'UN,  7Yt>cAa**nV»*  '2 
kanter'ian.  That  which  belcxgt  or  relataf «  »• 
great  trochanter. — Chausaiar.  ^^ 

TROCHANTIN'IAN,  lYwftssifaVfe*  ****J 
tinia'nue.  That  which  belongs  or  relaW  »  9 
trochantin  or  lesser  trochanter. 


TBOOHAB 


873 


TROMOPARANCEA 


TROCHAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Tfochisoi  carbonatis  calcis  —  t  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisci carbonatis  calcis — t.  Escharotio,  Trochisci 
esoharotici —  t  Gum,  Trochisci  gnmmosi —  t  of 
Ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  ipecacuanha  —  t.  Liquo- 
rice, Trochisci  glycyrrbixae  —  t.  Liquorice,  with 
opium,  Trochisci  glyoyrrhissB  cum  opio  —  t.  of 
Magnesia,  Trochisci  magnesias  —  t  Mitre,  Tro- 
chisci nitratis  potasses  —  t  of  Peppermint,  Tro- 
chisci menthaB  piperita. 

TROCHIA,  Orbit 

TROCHILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCHIN,  from  rsoxuv,  'to  turn.'  Chaussier 
has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the  tubero- 
sities at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os  humeri ; 
because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  rotator 
muscles  of  the  arm, —  the  subscapularis. 

TROCHIN'IAN,  Troehinia'nue,  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  trochin. 

TROCHIS'CUS,  Phthois,  Artis'cus,  Colli*,  Co- 
lix,  Phthois'cos,  Rotfula,  Cuclis'mos,  diminutive 
otrpoxos,  'a  wheel.'  A  troch  or  round  table,  (F.) 
Trochisque.  See  Pastil,  and  Tabella.  A  solid 
medicine,  prepared  of  powders,  incorporated  by 
means  of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread,  juices  of 
plants,  Ac.  In  French  nomenclature,  the  tro- 
ehieque  differs  from  the  tablette, — the  former  con- 
taining no  sugar.  This  form  of  preparation  is 
adapted  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  medicines 
of  which  the  troch  is  composed  to  dissolve  slowly 
in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass  gradually  into  the 
stomach. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  two  formulae  for  troches 
for  external  use. 

Trochisci  Bechici  Nigri,  T.  glycyrrhiza 
glabrae. 

Trochisci  Carbowa'tis  Calcis,  Troches  of 
Oar'bonateoflime,  T.  of  chalk,  Tabella  ad  ardo'- 
rem  ventric'uli,  Lozenge*  for  the  heartburn.  To- 
bel'la  cardial'gica,  T.  ad  eodam,  Trochis'ci  e 
eretd,  T.  creta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  (Cret.  ppt.  giv; 
acacia,  in  pulv.  5j  ;  myriet.  in  pulv.  Tj ;  eacch. 
in  pulr.  Jvj.  M.  Form  into  troches  with  water.) 
Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Trochisci  b  CrbtI,  Tr.  carbonatis  calcis  —  t 
Cretce,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

Trochisci  vel  Pasttl'li  EtrETi'ffjE  Pectora'- 
1.B8,  Pectoral  Lozengee  of  Em'etine,  {Sugar,  £iv; 
emetine,  82  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of  nine 
grains  each.)    One  is  a  dose. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici,  Escharot'ic  Trochee. 
(Hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  8j  amyli,  p.  16;  mucilag. 
y.  tragac.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  added.  —  Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  to  remove  excrescenoes,  Ac. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici  db  Mni'io.  (Oxyd. 
plumbi.  rubr.  p.  16  j  hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  32  ,•  mic. 
panis,  p.  128;  aq.  roea,  q.  s.— Ph.  P.)  Used 
like  the  last. 

Trochisci  Glycyrri'zjb  Glabra,  Liq'uorice 
trochee,  Black  pectoral  lozenges,  Trochis'ci  bech'ici 
nigri.  (Ext.  give,  glabr.,  gum.  acac.  aa  p.  j ;  tacch. 
purif.  p.  rj.  Dissolve  in  warm  water;  strain; 
evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. — Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent   To  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Glyctrrhi'zje  ctth  O'pio,  T.  O.  et 
opii  (Ph.  U.  8.),  Trochieci  Theba'ici,  T.  eedati'- 
vo-baleam'ici,  T.  pectora'lee  regie  Dano'rum,  Li- 
quorice Trochee  vrith  Opium,  Wistar's  Lozengee. 
(Opii,  in  pulv.  gss;  ext.  glycyrrhiz.  in  pulv., 
eacchar.  in  pulv.,  acacia,  in  pulv.,  U  Jx;  ol. 
aniri,  fjj.  Make  into  troches.— Ph.  U.  S.)  De- 
mulcent and  anodyne. 

Spitta*s  Lozengee  for  corysa,  hoarseness,  and 
sore-throat,  are  composed  as  follows:  —  (Cubeb. 
recent,  in  pulv.  gy  •  extract,  glycyrrhiz.  Jj ;  myr- 


arvl  33 ;  acacia,  gir;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  tro- 
chisci gr.  x  singulis. 

Trochisci  Gummo'si,  Gum  Trochee.  (G.  aeae, 
p.  v j  amyli,  p.  i j  eacch.  pur.  p.  xij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water.  —  Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent. 

Tbochis'ci  Ipboacuab'HjE,  Troches  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha. (Ipecacuanh.  in  pulv.  §ss ;  $acchar.  in 
pulv.  Jxiv;  maranta,  in  pulv.  %ir;  mucilag, 
tragacanth.  q.  s.     Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Trochisci  Magne'sls,  Trochee  of  Maqne'si*. 
(Magnee.  Jivj  sacchar.  Vby,  my  net.  pulv.  33; 
mucilag.  tragacanth,  q.  s.  Make  into  troches. — • 
Ph.  U.  8.)  Useful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Mbnthjb  Piperi'ta,  Trochee  of  Pep- 
permint. (Ol.  menth.  piperit.  f£j;  eacchar.  in 
pulv.  ft>j ;  mucilag.  tragacantha,  q.  s.  Make  into 
troches. — Ph.  U.  S.)    Used  as  a  carminative. 

Trochisci  Nitra'tis  PoTAs'SiB,  Nitre  Trochee* 
(Nitrat.  potassa,  p.  j ;  eacch.  pur.  p.  iij.  Make 
into  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  —  Ph. 
E.)  In  slight  inflammatory  sore-throat  and  fever. 

Trochisci  Pbctoralbs  R.boi9  Danortjm,  Tr. 
glycyrrhiza  cum  opio  —  t.  Sedativo-balaamica, 
Tr.  glyoyrrhtisB  cum  opio. 

Trochis'ci  Soda  Bicarbona'tis,  Trochee  of 
Bicarbonate  of  Soda.  (Soda  bicarb.  Jiv;  eac- 
char. in  pulv.  fi>j ;  mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  To 
be  made  into  a  mass,  and  divided  into  troches, 
each  weighing  ten  grains. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  Pastilles  de  Vichy,  Paetillee  digestives 
oVHauterive-  Vichy,  Pastil' li  digesti'vi  Darcet'H, 
composed  of  bicarbonate  of  eoda,  oil  of  per- 
permint,  and  sugar,  are  much  used  in  France, 
like  the  Yiohy  waters,  in  oardalgia,  gouty  and 
lithiasis. 

Trochisci  Stibiati,  Tabelto  antimoniales 
Eunckelii  —  t  Thebaici,  T.  glycyrrhiza  cum 
opio. 

TROCHISQUE,  Trochiscos. 

TROCH'ITER,  from  r^«v,  'to  turn.'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called  because  it  affords 
insertion  to  rotator  muscles.  —  Chaussier. 

TROCHITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of  Chaus- 
sier, means  any  thing  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  TrochUe  on 
Troklie.  A  pulley;  from  rfogau,  'I  turn,' — for 
example,  the  articular  surface  at  the  lower  extre- 
mity of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called  from  its  forming 
a  kind  of  pulley  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  forearm.  Also,  the 
cartilaginous  pulley  over  which  the  tendon  of  the 
trochlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 

Trochlea  Labtrdtthi,  Cochlea. 

TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROCHLllATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  so- 
perior  oculi — t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  ooulL 

TROCHLiS,  Trochlea. 

TRO'CHOID,  from  rpogo;,  'awheel,'  and  ul*%, 
eresemblanoe.'  TrochoVdes,  Ax*ea  commissu'ra. 
An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone  turns  upon 
another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle ;  as  the  Atlo- 
Ido-axoid  articulation, 

TROCHOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 

TRO&NE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

TROISQUARTS,  Trocar. 

TROKANTER,  Trochanter.  ♦  | 

TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanteric.  «  I 

TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 

TROKL£Et  Trochlea.  i 

TROMOMANIA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 


TROHOS 


874 


TUBS 


TROMOS,  see  Paralysis  agitaas. 

TROMOSPASMUS,  Tremor. 

TBOMPE,  Tuba—  t.  d'Buetaeke,  Eustachian 
tube— L  d*  FaUope,  Tuba  Fallopiana—*.  UUrine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TROMUS,  Tremor. 

TBONC,  Trunk— e.  Brachial,  Brachial  artery 
— *.  Baeilaire,  Baeilary  artery. 

TROPiE'OLUM  MAJU8,  Indian  Crete,  Nae- 
tvr'tium  Jndieum,  Aerivi'ola,  Floe  eanguin'eue 
monar'di,  Nasturtium  Pemvia'nvm,  Oardamin'- 
dmm  majue,  Car'damum  majue.  Family,  Qerani- 
aoete.  Bex,  Syet,  Octandna  Monogynia.  (F.) 
Create*  cU»  Indee,  Creeeon  dm  Mexique,  Capudne. 
An  antiscorbutic 

Tropje'oluh  Tubbro'sxtit,  UUuco.  A  tuberous 
plant,  cultivated  in  the  Sierra,  Peru,  It  is  smaller 
than  the  potato. 

TROPHALIS,  Colostrum. 

TROPHE,  Ailment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPHL  Same  etymon  as  Trophy.  In  in- 
sects, the  parts  of  the  month  that  are  employed 
in  receiving  and  preparing  the  food. 

TROPH'ICAL,  Tropk'ieue.  Same  etymon  as 
Trophy.    Relating  to  nourishment  or  nutrition. 

Troph'ical  Nerves.  The  organio  nerves,  or 
nerres  of  the  sympathetic  system,  hare  been 
so  termed,  from  a  belief  that  they  were  concerned 
in  nutrition. 

TROPHIMOS,  Nutrition. 

TROPHONEURO'SIS,  from  t<h>*>,  'nourish- 
ment/  and  neuroeie.  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
process  of  nutrition  owing  to  diminished  nervous 
Influence. 

TROPHON'OSI,  Tropkonu'ti,  from  rpo*> 
'nourishment/  and  two*,  'a  disease.'  Diseases 
of  nutrition. 

TROPH'Y,  Troph'ta,  ree^v,  a  suffix  denoting 
'nourishment  or  nutrition;'  as  hyperf rop&y,  'ex- 
cess of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TROPONU'Sr,  Morbi  trop'ici,  from  rpomp,  the 
solstitial  or  tropical  point  where  the  sun  turns  or 
alters  its  course,  and  voveos,  'a  disease.'  Dis- 
eases that  prevail  in  the  tropics. 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit 

TB0Uf  Foramen — t.  Anonyme,  Foramen  stylo- 
inastoideum — f.  Aveugle  ou  oorgne,  Caecum  fora- 
men— f.  Borgne  of  the  Medulla  oblongata,  Fora- 
men caecum  of  the  medulla  oblongata — t.  de 
Botaly  Botal  foramen,  Ovale  foramen — t.  Eeehiri 
anUrieur,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen — t.  Diehiri 
poettrieur,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen  —  t.  Epi- 
neux,  Spinale  foramen  —  f.  Jf encounter,  Mental 
foramen — t.  Optique,  Foramen  opticum  — <.  Or- 
bitaire  eupirieur,  Foramen  supra-orbitarium  —  L 
Orbitaire  eupirieur,  Orbitar  foramen  superior  — 
L  Ovale,  Ovale  foramen  —  t  Bond,  petit,  Spinale 
foramen  —  t.  Sou* -orbitaire,  see  Saborbitar  canal 
— U  Soue  pubien,  Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Sphi- 
no-Spineux,  Spinale  foramen  —  L  Sue-orbitaire, 
Foramen  supra-orbitarium. 

TBOUS  CAROTIDIENS,  Carotioa  foramina 
— t.  Condyloxdien;  Condyloidea  foramina — t.  de 
Conjugation,  Conjugationis  foramina — L  de  Con^ 
iugaieon,  see  Vertebra* —  f.  Olfactife,  Olfactory 
foramina — t.  Bachidiene,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSE-GALANT,  Cholera  morbus. 

TROUSSEAU,  Fasciculus. 

tbousseaux  arriSre  -  m£sent£- 

RIQUES,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two  me- 
senteric plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  dependence, 
and  which  deseends  into  the  pelvis  to  concur  in 
the  formation  of  the  hypogastric  plexus. 

TRUBS,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUCULENTUS,  Homicidal. 

TRUELOVE,  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 


T RUFFE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFFLE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUMBUS,  Thrombus. 

TRUMPET  CREEPER,  Tecoma  radieuM. 
Flower,  Tecoma  radicaoj — t»  Weed,  Eapavna 
purpureum. 

TRUNCUS,  Trunk. 

TRUNK,  Truucue,  (F.)  TVone.  The  priada\ 
part  of  the  body,  to  which  the  limbs  are  inf- 
lated. The  trunk  has  been  divided  into  tto 
parts  :  —  a  euperior,  the  head;  a  middle,  tat  *• 
rax,  and  an  inferior,  the  peJvi:  The*  tkm 
regions  contain  the  great  splanchnic  era*. 
They  are  united  by  a  common  etatt— there* 
bral  column.  To  the  middle  are  artknlattil  at 
superior  extremities;  and,  to  the  i>/en>,  bj 
lower  extremities. 

The  trunk  of  an  artery,  rein,  nero,  er  h» 
phatio,  is  its  largest  part,  which  has  not  yet  rim 
off  branches.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  pun: 
vessel,  after  branches  have  been  sent  of. 

TRUSS,  from  (F.)  troueeer,  *  to  tie  op/  /tor* 
rium,  Braekiefrium,  Braeki'li,  Bnehtr**. 
Braekeri'olum,  Ammo,  Hatnrna,  Suh^'j*-*-'* 
Subligatu'ra,  (F.)  Brayer.  A  hernial  hetac 
for  keeping  hernia  reduced.  The  ancient  trts* 
were  inelastic.  They  consisted  simply  of  * a* 
and  strap.  At  the  present  day,  elastic  hawk-* 
are  alone  employed.  They  possess  the  adur  v 
of  making  an  equable  and  continuous  prewvr* 
the  aperture  of  the  sac ;  and  of  yielding  u>  w 
changes  of  form  in  the  abdominal  parieto.  T* 
most  important  part  of  these  bandages  L«  »p*| 
of  narrow  steel,  flat,  and  adapted  to  the  *atp  u 
the  body.  This  is  the  epriug,  (F.)  £««*  fc 
embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected:  eiuafc 
from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminate  »i>'^ 
the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to  vhidt  i » 
riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of  this  pU'f  '•' 
furnished  with  a  convex  pad,  (F.)  PeU*t,*ty* 
in  shape  and  size  to  the  aperture  wbiek  it  k*  = 
close.  The  spring  is  covered  with  leather,  irl* 
inner  surface  is  padded ;  a  strap  extend?  fna  ^ 
posterior  extremity ;  passes  round  the  we*^** 
and  is  attached  to  the  plate  of  the  pal  It? 
strap  is  pierced  with  numerous  holes,  vhktfc  ' 
the  patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  f*v& 
Trusses  have  been  variously  conatrntteJ:  b« 
different  patents  obtained  for  the  moiifc*** 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle,  i*** 
times  they  have  a  double  pad. 

XkYGODES,  Feculent. 

TRYPANON,  Trepan. 

TRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS,  Friction. 

TSCHERBET,  Sherbet. 

TSIANA,  Coetus. 

TSJAMPACA,  Michelia,  chamnaea. 

TUBA,  Tube— t  Aristotelica,  Enstadiitf^' 
—  t  Cseoa,  Tuba,  Fallopiana— t  Uteriai,  I» 
Fallopiana  —  t  Vocalis,  Tube,  vocaL 

TUBAL  RESPIRATION,  see  Manair,r*r 
ratorv. 

TUBE,  Tuba,  Trumpet,  Salpinx,  (J.)  T<*» 
A  name  given  to  some  parts  which  are  *&**- 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Tube,  Alimentary,  Canal,  slimeobu?  '* 
Eustachian,  Eustachian  tube. 

Tpbb,  Fallo'piah,  Tmba  FmHomWme  m  /» 
lotiit,  Hya'teroealpinx,  Oviduc'twe  mnHe'^k  '" 
deferene  mulie'rU,  Tnba  uteri' no,  T.  ea^».  ^** 
varieo'ene  sen  Procee'eu*  latera'lie  sen  JN* 
eemina'li*  sen  Me'atne  eemina'riue  «'•<"  • 
Trompe  de  Fallope,  T.  uterine,  is  a  canal.  I*2* 
in  the  abdomen,  and  extending  on  each  ^r* 
the  superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  nw  *•  * 
sides  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  They  art  *  «/ 
inches  long.    Near  the  uterus*  they  an  tinvp 


TUBER 


S75 


TUBERCULUM 


«nd  very  narrow;  but,  in  their  course,  they 
widen,  become  tortuous,  and  terminate  by  a  free, 
expanded,  and  fimbriated  extremity;  called,  also, 
Folia' ce urn  ornamen'tum,  Moreue  diab'oli,  Infun- 
dib'ulum  sea  Digitatio'nes  sen  Fim'brim  sen  rex- 
iU<8  tuba'rum  Fallo'pii,  Latin' i a  tuba' rum  Fallo- 
pii,  (F  )  Morceau  fiangi,  Pavilion  de  la  trompe, 
Morceau  du  diabU.  Within,  the  tabes  are  hol- 
low and  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane :  the  tis- 
sue exterior  to  which  is  spongy  and  erectile.  The 
use  of  the  Fallopian  tubes  is  to  conduct  the  sperm 
to  the  ovarium,  and  the  fecundated  ovum  back  to 
the  uterus.  They  establish  a  communication 
between  the  cavity  of  the  peritoneum  and  that  of 
the  uterus,  the  abdominal  termination  being 
termed  Os'tiumabdomina'U;  the  uterine,  Ostium 
uteri' num.  *> 

Tubk,  Intestinal,  Canal,  alimentary. 
Tube,  (Esophagb'al,  Stomach  Tube.    A  long 
elastic  gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Rectal,  Defeca'tion  tube.  An  elastic 
gum  tube,  similar  to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes 
passed  into  the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that 
intestine,  or  to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up 
into  it 
Tube,  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 
Tube,  Vocal;  Tuba  voca'lis.  The  part  of  the 
air-passages  above  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
larynx,  including  the  passages  through  the  nose 
and  mouth. 

TUBER,  Hump,  Lyooperdon  tuber,  Tubercle 
—  t.  AtUado-occipitaly  Rectus  capitis  posticus 
minor  —  t  Gibarium,  Lyooperdon  tuber. 

Tuber  Cine'reum.  A  grayish  tubercle,  seen 
at  the  base  of  the  brain  behind  the  commissure 
of  the  optio  nerves,  which  is  continuous  with  the 
Infundibulum. 

Tuber  Frontale,  Frontal  protuberance  —  t. 
Gulosorum,  Lyooperdon  tuber  —  t  Gutturosum, 
Bronchocele  —  t.  Ischio-trochantSrien,  Quadratus 
femoris — t  Ischii,  see  Ischiatio — t  Nigrum,  Ly- 
eoperdon  tuber — t.  Pellagra,  Pellagra — t  Tym- 
pani,  Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 
TUB  ERA  TERR.fi,  Lyooperdon  tuber. 
TU'BERCLE,  Tuber'culum,  Tuber,  StrangaV- 
ion,  Stran'galis,  Tuber' culous  depos'it,  a  Kernel, 
(vulg.),  a  Knot  (vulg.),  (F.)  Tubercule,  A  tumour 
in  the  substance  of  organs,  from  the  production 
of  new  matter:  —  sensation  null;  growth  slug- 
gish. In  Pathological  Anatomy,  the  term  is 
generally  given  to  a  species  of  degeneration 
which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour:  this,  in  its  crude  condition,  has  a 
consistence  analogous  to  that  of  concrete  albu- 
men :  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and  friable, 
and  gradually  acquires  a  consistence  and  appears 
analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tubercles  may  be 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body ;  but  they 
are  most  frequently  observed  in  the  lungs  and 
mesentery.  Pulmonary  tuberoles,  Pneumophy'- 
mata,  Tuber*  cula  Pulmo'num,  (F.)  Tvbercules  pul- 
monaires,  are  the  cause  of  Tuber'cular  Phthisis. 
Me t enteric  tubercle*  are  often  met  with  in  the 
same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tabes  Mesen- 
terica.  Laenneo  classes  tubercles  among  the 
accidental  tissues  which  have  no  resemblance  to 
the  natural  tissues,  and  which  never  exist  except 
in  consequence  of  morbid  action.  Others  con- 
sider them  as  a  scrofulous  degeneration.  Brous- 
gais  conceives  that  they  are  produced  exclusively 
by  inflammation  of  the  white  vessels,  whose  ex- 
istence, however,  is  more  than  questionable. 
When  tubercles  in  any  organ  are  few  in  number, 
they  may  pass  to  the  state  of  permanent  indura- 
tion without  danger  to  the  patient;  but  when 
they  are  very  numerous,  they  usually  cause  se- 
rious mischief,  Dr.  Baron  considers  that  they  are 


produced  by  hydatids.  The  morbid  condition 
which  gives  rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles, 
Tuberculization,  is  termed  Tube rculo' tie,  Morbus 
tuber culo' sue,  Strwnosis  sen  Phymato'eie  pulmo- 
num, and  Dyscra'eia  Tuberculoma.  Tubercles  arc- 
seen  of  various  forms, — to  wit,  in  fine  points,  ( (F.) 
Poussilre  tubereuUuse,)  gray  and  yellow  granu- 
lations, miliary  tubercles;  and  gray  or  yellow 
tubercular  masses,  softened,  and  cretaceous. 

Tubercle,  Black,  Melanosis. 

TUBERCLES  OF  THE  AREOLA,  see  Mam- 
ma. 

TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor'pora  AranHi, 
Corpus' cula  Aran'tii,  Tubercles  of  Arantius  or 
Aranzi.  Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of 
the  convex  edge  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the 
pulmonary  artery  and  aorta. 

Tubbrcula  Arthritica,  Calculi,  arthritic— t. 
Cerebri,  Encephalophymata — t.  Gonorrhoiea,  Go- 
norrhoea impura — t.  Hepatis,  Htpato-strumosie — 
t.  Intestinorum,  Enterophymata  —  t  Nervorum 
nodosa,  Ganglions,  nervous — t.  Parva  duraa  ma- 
tins, Glandules  Pacchioni  —  t.  Peritoneal,  Ccslio- 
phymata  —  t  Pulmonum,  see  Tubercles,  (of  the 
lungs)  —  t  Quadrigemina,  Quadrigemina  Tuber- 
cula. 

TUBER'CULAR,  Tuberculous,  Tuberculous, 
Tubtr'culate,  (¥.)  Tuberculeur.  That  which  re- 
lates to  tubercles,  or  which  is  formed  by  tubercles. 

TUBERCULAR   Or   TUBERCULOUS    CoifSTITUTIOH 

or  Diathesis,  Phtkisio'sis,  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis ;  as  Tu- 
berculous Cachexia,  Tubereulo'tis,  Morbus  tuber- 
culo'eus,  Dyscra'eia  tubercnlo'sa,  is  the  condition 
of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

Tubercular  Matter,  A  morbid  production, 
oontained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue  of  or- 
gans. It  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the  differ- 
ent periods  of  the  tubercular  affection :  being,  at 
first,  oompact,  and  yellowish;  at  times,  calca- 
reous; afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and 
curdy.    See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis,  is  that  produced  by 
the  development  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tubercular  Sorb  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  folli- 
cular. 

TUBERCULATE,  Tubercular. 

Tuberculate  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'erxethy,  Em- 
pty'ma  Sarcoma  tnberculo'sum,  Tumor  tubercu- 
losve.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sised  or  bean-sised;  yellowish  or  brownish- 
red  ;  when  large,  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck ;  often,  simultaneously,  in  other  glands  and 
organs. 

TUBERCULATED  LITER,  Cirrhosis. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULES  DBS  QLANDES  ZY3T* 
PHATIQUES,  Scrofula—  U  du  Foie,  Hepatostru- 
moeie — t.  des  Ganglions  mtsentiriguce,  Tabes  me- 
senteriea— t  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyn- 
gitis, follicular — t  Miliary,  see  Granulation — t. 
Pisiformes,  Mamillary  tubercles— *.  Pulmonaires, 
see  Tubercle — t.  Quadrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TUBBRCULEUX,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULIZATION,  see  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULOSIS,  see  Tubercle,  and  Tubercu- 
lar Cachexia— -t.  Laryngis  et  Trachea,  Phthisis 
laryngea — t  Pulmonum,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— » 
t  yertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

TUBERCULOSA,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOUS,  Tubercular— -t.  Deposit,  Tu- 
bercle— t  Disease  of  the  Lungs,  Phthisis  pul- 
monalis—  L  Dusty  Poussiire  tubcrculeuse. 

TUBER'CULUM  CINE'REUM,  'Ash-co- 
loured tubercle/  diminutive  of  tuber ;  Fascifr4m 


TUBEROSITAS 


876" 


TUNICA 


sWreo.  A  mass  of  eineritious  fabf tanee  at  the 
top  of  the  calamus  seriptorius,  which  is  continu- 
ous below  with  the  posterior  horn  of  cineritious 
substance  in  the  cord,  and  npon  the  tides  with 
the  corpus  restiforme. 

Tcsercclcm  Lacbtmalb,  see  Lachrymal 
pancta —  L  Loweri,  Lower,  tubercle  ot 

TUBEROSITAS,  Tuberosity  —  t  Tympani, 
Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUB&ROSIT&  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
berele— I.  Sciatique,  see  Ischiatie. 

TUBEROSITY,  Tuberoe'itae,  from  tuber,  'a 
bump/  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  an 
eminence  or  process,  the  surface  of  which  is  un- 
equal and  rough ;  and  which  gives  attachment  to 
muscles  or  ligaments. 

TUBI  MEMBRANACEI,  see  Villous  mem- 
branes. 

TU'BULAR,  Tubula'rU,  (F.)  Tubulaire.  Same 
etymon  as  the  nexL  Relating  to  or  having  the 
form  of  a  small  tube. 

Tubular  Blowuto  Soujtd,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory— t  Neurine,  see  Neurine-— t.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 

TUBULE,  Tu'buhu;  diminutive  of  Tuba.  A 
small  tube. 

TUBULI  BELLINI,  Uriniferous  tubes  —  t 
Duns  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater — t.  Ner- 
rei,  Nerve  fibres  —  t.  Pelvis  renum,  see  Calix  — 
t  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tubes. 

TUBULUS,  Cannula— t  Centralis  Modioli, 
sjae  Tractus  spiralis  foraminulentus. 

TUBUS  ACUSTICUS,  Ear-trumpet— t.  AH- 
mentaris,  Canal,  alimentary  —  t.  Intestinorum, 
Canal,  alimentary — t.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — 
t»  Vermicularis  caeci,  Appendix  vermiformis  caecL 

TUCKAHO,  Lyeoperdon  tuber. 

TUE-CHIEN,  Colohieum  autumnale. 

TULBAG'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  NaL  Ord\  Asphodeless,  the  bulbs  of 
which,  boiled  in  milk,  are  recommended  in  phthi- 
sis and  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Tulbaghia  cepa'cea  and  T,  viola' cea  serve  the 
tame  purpose. 

TULIP  TREE,  Liriodendron. 

TULIP  I ER,  Liriodendron. 

TULIPIFERA  LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUMEFACTIO,  Swelling— t  Mollis,  Puffiness. 

TUMESCENTIA  PITUITOSA,  Leucophleg- 


TUMEUR,  Tumour— U  Anomale,  see  Hama- 
todes  fungus  —  f.  Blanche,  Hydrarthrus  —  t.  Ca- 
verneuee,  see  Hssmatodes  fungus  —  t.  Bncfpha- 
lolde,  Encephaloid  —  L  Erectile,  see  Hsematodes 
fungus — t.  HtmorrhagiaU  circontcrite,  see  Aneu- 
rism— t.  Lymphatique  dee  articulation*,  Hydrar- 
thrus— t.  Variqneuee,  see  Hmmatodes  fungus. 

TUMOR,  Swelling,  Tumour— t  Albus,  Hydrar- 
thrus— t.  Anomalus,  Hssmatodes  fungus — t  Artu- 
um,  Obdormitio— t.  Capitis  Sanguineus,  Cephalsa- 
matoma —  t  Carneus,  Sarcoma — L  Cystious,  En- 
oystis — t  Cysticus  serosus,  Hygroma — fcFibrosus, 
Tumour,  fibrous — tFicosus,  Fious — tFlatulentus, 
Emphysema — t  Fugax,  see  Fugacious — t  Fun- 
gosus  articuli,  Spina  ventosa  —  t  Fungosus  san- 
guineus, Hamatodes  fungus  —  t  Gangliformis, 
Ganglion,  nervous  —  t  Genarum,  Meloncus  —  t 
Oenu  albus,  Genocaee  —  t  Glandulss  parotides), 
Parotidoncus— t.  Lacteus,  Galaotooele  —  t.  Lar- 
deus,  Steatoma—  t  Malarum,  Meloncus — t  Ova- 
rii, Oarioncus  —  t  Parotidis,  Parotidoncus  —  t 
Prostata),  Prostatonous — t  Renalis,  Nephroncus 
—  t  Sanguineus,  Hssmatoma — t  Squamiformis 
oarnosus,  Lepidosarooma — t  Tuberoulosus,  Tu- 
berculate  sarcoma  —  t  Tunicatus,  Enoystis  —  t 
Uteri,  Hysteroncus. 


TUMOUR,  from  twmeo,  *I  swel!  r'  Twm~.  Ow 
coe,  Ohcum,  Epar'muL,  Epnrmie^  £•/*■'»-,  £.■■*. 
•ee»'tta(Sauvagee,)£rpftyM.'F.  TWi-  A  ru- 
ing or  prominence,  of  greater  or  less  err*.  - .--  v 
ed  by  a  morbific  cause  in  some  part  cf  t**  - 
Cullen  defines  a  tumour  to  be  •*  a  pamx  f»-  .; 
without  inflammation."  Storages  rerr  '-•  •_. 
term  to  a  rising  formed  by  the  en-np-*:  :  *  * 
fluid;  and  he  calls  extreme* meee  those  vr*  *  :r* 
a  fleshy  or  osseous  consistence.  B->j>r  y.i.*: 
"  any  preternatural  eminence  derek-pri  :s  -7 
part  of  the  body.**  Good  uses  it  ste-iot  i  : 
with  tubercle.  Borer's  is  the  best  gt£*-i_  :- 
nition.  Tumours  differ  greatly  from  cari  •-•' 
according  to  their  seat,  the  organs  irurt^;. 
their  nature,  Ac. 

The  French  use  the  term  TuwlWlc- 
nonymously  with  White  Stc-dlimg  • — eee  Hjf-v 
thrus.  The  term  is,  however,  appo>i  lj  -jr 
generality  of  surgeons  to  swellings  of  the  r*' 
joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  sL:  ~ 
of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  whi:h  i>  /• 
pendent  upon  disease  of  the  osseous  or  «f  ~-  -4  - 
parts  about  the  joint. 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  ii# 
affections. 

Tumour,  Ebbc'ttlb.  A  tumour  pmfoc-:  7 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  ti*M*,  ▼:  - 
is  susceptible  of  elevation  and  depress.  » 
Erectile. 

TCMOUR,  FlBBOUS,  Fibron*  growth,  F*t-  ' 
Tumour  Jibro'eue,  Inohylo'tma.  A  tumour  orpv**- 
formed  of  fibrous  tissue. 

Tumour,  Laminated,  Nacreous  Fittt,  Cs- 
lesteatoma — t  Milk-like,  Encephaloid. 

Tumour,  Var'icosr,  Tumor  verkv$u.  1 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  bj  &  ~> 
tation  and  turgescence  of  the  capillary  recti  *>' 
apart. 

Tumour,  Vascular,  see  Hssmorrhois. 

TUNAS,  see  Cactus  opuntia. 

TUN  BRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATEES  ,nF  f 
celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent,  lu'ci 
a  few  miles  distant  from  the  village  of  IWcc.-- 
and  thirty-six  miles  south  of  London,  vlic.  i 
much  frequented.  It  con  tains  carbonit  m.  I  * 
bonate  of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

TUNDA  OCULI,  Conjunctiva  membnni 

TUNDUS  CORDIS,  Macro  cordis. 

TUNIC,  Tu'nica,  ChCton,  a  coat.  An  «*- 
lope.  A  name  given  to  different  membn** 
which  envelop  organs ;  as  the  tunics  or  eus  * 
the  eye,  stomach,  bladder,  Ac, 

TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Urea— t  Ada*** 
Uvea  —  t.  Acinosa,  Uvea — t.  Adnata,  C«a;is> 
tiva  —  t.  Agnata,  Conjunctiva — t.  Alt*  ■•*— 
Sclerotic — t  Albuginea,  Albuginea — t  Aftb- 
nea  oculi,  Sclerotic  —  t.  Allantoides,  AIUbi.^" 
t  Arachnodes,  Arachnoid  membrane— t  M** 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Caduea,  Deddi»-; 
Candida  oculi,  Sclerotic — t  Carnosa,  Pimw^3 
carnosus  —  t.  Conjunctiva,  ConjunetiTs— to- 
talis, Pleura— t  Crassa,  Decidua— t.  Crr?ul> 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Dura  oculi,  $tea 
—  t  Durior  et  crassa,  Sclerotic  —  t  Btw** 
Vaginalis  tuniea— t.  Erythroides,  Crem^^ 
Exterior  ovi,  Decidua — t,  Extima  oculi,  Sc:> 
tic  —  t  Farciminalis,  Allantois  —  t  FOsmsa^* 
Decidua 

TU2TICA  Grawtlo'sa.  An  inrestmeat  cf  *» 
ovum  exterior  to  the  sona  pellueida,  descri1*i  ■? 
Dr.  Barry,  but  the  existence  of  which,  as  s  tf*> 
ture,  distinct  and  independent  from  the  v*a&** 
granulosa,  is  denied. 

Tukica  Hobtbxsib,  Dianthns  earyopfcy3*r 
t  Innominata  oouh',  Sclerotic  —  t  Interns  «£i 
Retina. 

TraicA  Jaoc/bi.     A  highly  debate  mm 


TUNIOULA 


877 


TU88ILAQ0 


membrane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
the  choroid  coat,  discovered  by  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin.  Its  structure  is  curious,  being  composed 
of  cylindrical,  transparent,  highly  refractive  staff- 
shaped  bodies,  and  hence  called  Stratum  bacilla'- 
tum,  which  are  arranged  perpendicularly  to  the 
surface  of  the  retina,  their  outer  extremities  being 
imbedded,  to  a  greater  or  less  depth,  in  a  layer  of 
the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

Tunica  Muscularis,  Dartos  —  t  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — t  Perforata,  Uvea — t  Prsetensa 
abdominis,  Peritonaeum  —  t  Reticularis,  Retina 
—  t  Retiformis,  Retina — t  Rhagoides,  Choroi- 
dea  tunica,  Uvea — t  Rubieunda  scroti,  Dartos — 
t.  Rubra,  Dianthus  caryophyllus — t  Ruyschiana, 
see  Choroid  —  t  Subcostalis,  Pleura — t  Thora- 
cis, Corset  —  t  Uvalis,  Uvea — t  Uvea,  Uvea — 
t  Uviformis,  Uvea  —  t  Vaginalis,  see  Vaginal— 
t  Vaginalis  Lingua,  see  Tongue  —  t  Vaginalis 
Propria,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t  Vagi- 
nalis reflexa,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t 
Vasculosa  oculi,  Choroid,  sea  Eye. 

Tunica  Vasculo'sa  Txstis,  Pia  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  which  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ-, 
ate  immediately  within  the  tunica  albuginea,  and 
encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It  sends 
processes  inward  that  separate  the  lobules,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is  reflected  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

To nic a  Vitbea,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUNICULA,  Clitoris. 

TUNIQUE  ALBUOIN^E,  Albuginea. 

TUNNYFISH,  SALTED,  Omotarichos. 

TUPHLO-ENTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPHUS,  Typhus. 

TUPINARIA,  Talpa. 

TURBA  HJBMORRHOIDALIS,  see  Haomor- 
rhois 

TURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

TURBINATED  BONES,  Ossa  turbina'ta. 
Bones  shaped  like  a  top  j  from  turbo  or  turben, 
'atop/  Ossa spongio'sa,  Comua,  Concha  na'rium, 
Tur' bines  nasi  seu  na'rium,  Conchy  Via,  Bueei'na, 
Lam'ina  spongio'sa  nasi,  Ossa  tertia  maxilla  su~ 
perio'ris.  Very  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  up  in 
the  form  of  horns,  and  situate  in  the  nasal  fossa. 
1.  0*  spongiosum  supe'rius  or  Cornet  de  Mor- 
gagni; — the  highest  2.  Os  spongiosum  me? dium, 
the  middle  eornu  of  French  anatomists,  —  the 
ethmoid' al  cornu  or  0»  spongiosum  superius,  On 
turbinatum,  of  English  anatomists,  On  convolu'- 
tum  superius,  Concha,  C.  na'rium  superius,  C, 
Morgagnia'na,  (F.)  Cornet  Moyen.  This  bone 
projects  inwards  and  downwards  into  the  cavity 
of  the  nose,  from  the  ethmoid  colls  at  the  side  of 
the  nasal  lamella,  and  serves  to  enlarge  the  organ 
of  smelL  It  is  convex  towards  the  septum,  and 
concave  outwards.  3.  Ob  spongiosum  vel  turbi- 
natum inferius,  Concha  inferior,  Convolu'tum  tn- 
ferius  os,  Os  sous-ethmoldal,  (Ch.),  projects  at  the 
under  part  of  the  side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  to- 
wards the  septum,  and  concave  outwards.  It  is 
connected  to  the  os  maxillare,  os  palati,  and  os 
unguis.    4.  Sphenoidal  eornu. 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBINES  NASI  seu  NARIUM,  Turbinated 
bones. 

TURBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypum— t 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — t  Montpel- 
Her,  Globularia  alypum — t  Plant*  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 
TURBO  CEREBRI^  Pineal  gland. 


TUROENTIA,  Turgeseenee. 

T  U  R  G  E  S'C  E  N  C  E,  Turges'cency,  Turgid' iff f 
Tur'gidness,  Turgeseen'tia,  Turgen'tia,  Orgas'mus, 
from  turgescere,  *  to  swell/  Superabundance  of 
humours  in  a  part  The  term  Turgeseenee  of 
Bile  was  formerly  used  to  denote  the  passage  of 
that  fluid  into  the  stomach,  and  its  discharge  by 
vomiting.  A  vital  action  of  turgeseenee  or  ex- 
pansibility— Turgor  vita' lis — has  been  presumed 
to  exist  in  certain  organs,  as  in  the  capillaries ; 
but  the  generality  of  physiologists  do  not  ad- 
mit it 

TURGESCENTIA,  Turgeseenee. 

Tuboesobn'tia  Vbsio'uljb  Fell'bjb,  Asei'te* 
Hep'ato-cys'tieus,  Physco'nia  bilio'sa,  HepataVgia 
Petitia'na,  Cystoce'li  bilio'sa,  ffydrocholecys'tis. 
Hydrops  vesi'em  fell' em,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  la 
Visicule  du  Fiel,  Distension  de  la  Veeicule  dn 
Fiel,  CholieystieetasU,  Distension  of  the  gall- 
bladder by  bilo. 

TURGID ITY,  Turgeseenee. 

TURGIDNESS,  Turgeseenee. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgeseenee. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURN  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

TURNING,  Versio,  V.  fatus,  from  (F.)  tour, 
ner,  'to  turn/  (F.)  Version,  The  operation  of 
bringing  down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower 
extremity,  when  the  presentation  of  the  ohild  is 
such  that  it  cannot  be  delivered  by  the  natural 
efforts. 

TURNIP,  Brassiea  rapa  — t  Dragon,  Arum 
triphyllum  —  t  Indian,  Arum  triphyllum — t 
Pepper,  Arum  triphyllum. 

TURNS,  Menses. 

TURPENTINE,  Terebinthina  —  t.  Bordeaux, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t  Brianeon,  see  Pinus 
oembra — t  Chio,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t 
Common,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t  Common, 
American,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t  Cyprus,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t  Damarra,  see  Pinus 
damarra — t  Dombeya,  see  Dombeya  excelsa — t 
Horse,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t  Strasburg,  see 
Pinus  pieea — t  Tree,  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t 
Venice,  see  Pinus  larix —  t  Venice,  true,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus  — t  White,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris. 

TURPETHUM,  Convolvulus  turpethum  — t 
Minerale,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t  Nigrum, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

TURQUOISE.  This  stone  has  been  long  im- 
agined to  change  its  colour,  according  as  the 
wearer  is  at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health :  — 
a  superstitious  notion. 

TURTLE  BLOOM,  Chelone  glabra— t  Green, 
Chelonia  mydas  —  t  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUNDA,  Tent 

TURUNDULA,  Tent 

TUSSACA  RETICULATA,  Goodvera  pubes- 


TUSSEDO,  Tussis. 

TUS8ICULA,  Tussis. 

TUSSIC'ULAR,  Tussicula'ris,  Tussiculo'sm, 
from  tussis, '  a  cough/  Relating  to  a  cough,  or 
to  a  slight  cough. 

TUSSICULOSUS,  Tussieular. 

TUSSILA'GO,  7*.  Far'fara  sen  vulga'ris,  Bs*~ 
ehium,  Be'ehion,  CaVceum  eqyi'num,  Chamaleu'd, 
Ghamagei'ron,  Fi'lius  ante  patrem,  Farfarel'la, 
QaUiomarchus,  Farfara,  Farfara  Be1  ehium,  Un1- 
gula  eabaUi'na,  Coltsfoot,  (F.)  Pas  <?&ne.  Family, 
Corymbifetss.  Sex.  Sust.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
Superflua.  It  is  demulcent  and  expectorant,  and 
has  been  used  in  coughs,  and  pulmonary  affec- 
tions in  general,  and  in  some  cutaneous  diseases, 

Tussilaoo  Fabyaba,  Tussilago— t  Hybrid* 
T.  pelasites. 


TTJSSIS 


879 


TYMPAJTUM 


Tusstlago  Pbtasi'tbs,  T.  htfhridm  urn  Pe- 
taeitee  hertnaphrodita,  Butterbur,  PeetUent-wort, 
PeUuUee,  PetaeiUe  major  sea  rubene  sea  offlci- 
na'Ue  tea  hy'bridue  seu  twJpa'rt*.  The  roots  of 
this  plant  have  toea  recommended  m  aperient 
Mid  alexipharmic— They  have  ft  strong  smell; 
and  a  bitterish,  atrid  teste,  of  the  aromatic  kind, 
hot  not  agreeable 

Tussu^ao  Pbtasitss  Hbbmapbbodita,  T. 
petasites  —  t  Vulgaris,  Tusailage. 

TUSSIS  —  diminutive,  Tueeicfula;  Cough, 
Coughing,  Begma,  Bex,  Tueee'do,  Bexie,  Tueeie 
nervo'ea,  Catar'rhue,  Pneueie  Tueeie,  (F.)  Toux. 
Violent,  sonorous,  frequent,  and  short  expira- 
tions, by  means  of  whieh  the  air,  in  passing 
rapidly  through  the  bronchia  and  trachea,  car- 
lies  along  with  it  the  mucus  of  the  parts,  whieh 
forms  the  sputa.  The  cough  is  said  to  be  dry, 
when  unaccompanied  by  expectoration.  It  is 
symptomatic  of  many  diseases.    See  Bronchitis. 

Tussis  Amphsmuva,  Pertussis — t  Asinina, 
Pertussis— t.  Bronohioa,  Cough,  tubal,  see  Bron- 
chitis—t  Carina,  Pertussis— k  Catarrhalis  Sim- 
plex, Catarrh  —  t.  Clauwea,  Pertussis— t  Clan- 
gosa,  Pertussis  —  t  Convulsive*  Pertussis  —  t 
X>elassans,  Pertussis  — t  Ferine,  Pertussis — t 
Pueros  strangulans,  Pertussis  —  t  Quinta,  Per- 
tussis— t.  Senilis,  Bronchitis  (chronic) — t.  Spaa* 
modica,  Pertussis  —  t.  Stomachal  is,  Pertussis  — 
t.  Suffoeaas,  Pertussis — t.  SoJKooativa,  Pertussis 
— t.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

TUSSIVE;  Tueei'vue;  from  tueeie,  'cough.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  cough: — as  tueeioe  vibra- 
tion; the  vibration  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest, 
Caused  by  coughing; 

TUTAM'INA,  pi.  of  Tuta'men,  <a  defence,'  'a 
protection/  from  tutor*,  <to  defend.'  Parts  are 
so  called  which  defend  or  protect  each  other. 

Tutamina  Ceb'kbbi  are  the  scalp,  pericranium, 
bones  of  the  skull,  and  the  meninges. 

Tutamina  Oc'uli  are  the  eyebrows,  eyelids, 
and  lachrymal  apparatus. 

TUTENAG,  Zincum. 

TUTHIA,  Tutia. 

TU'TIA,  Pom'pholyx,  CadmVa,  Alfaea,  Ul- 
tra, Caput' tit,  Tuthia,  Ox'ydum  einci  impv'rum. 
The  oxyd  of  zinc  that  attaches  itself  to  the  chim- 
neys of  furnaces  in  which  ores  of  sine  are  smelted. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrustations ;  and  is 
sometimes  used  for  making  an  eye-salve.  It  is 
prepared,  for  this  purpose,  by  levigation. 

TWIN,  Gemellus. 

TWINKLING  OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAF,  COMMON,  JeffersonU  BartonL 

TWINROOT,  Orchis. 

TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng,  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts  of 
Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830.  They 
are  now  [1851]  living  in  North  Carolina:  both  are 
married,  and  have  children.    Sea  Xiphopages. 

TWITCHING,  Tic 

TYCH'ICA,  from  reg*  'accident'  Fortuitous 
lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of  Good's 
Noeology. 

TYLE,  Callosity 

TYLOMA,  Callosity. 

TYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

TYLUS,  Callosity. 

TYMMA,  Wound. 

TYMPAN,  Tympanum. 

TYMPANAL,  Tympanic 

TYMPANIA,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANIAS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANIC,  Tympan'icue,  Tym'panal;  same 
etymon  as  tympanum.  Relating  to  the  tympa- 
num, as  'tympanlo  oanaL' 


TnrPAinc  Vitn,  see  Petrous 

TYMPANITA,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANITE,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANITES,  Empky^'maAUm'x^Sf 
drop*  Tympanites  Afec'tio  tympenifica,  Eeyu> 
pauo'eie,  Pneumatosis  Abdom'iniM,  Hydrep  a- 
dominie  aire**,  Airo'eie,  Aero^enUreeta'me,  fty 
eocoe'lia,  Tympano'eie,  Phyee'ma,  Phtrn'ms,  Sr 
drop* eieeue etfiatulentue,  Tympa'nia,  Tynpe*  * 
Tympani'ta,  Tympani'tie,  Emphyee'ma  Jp.w 
nitee,  E.  Tympaniticum,  Metereoriemws,  r*- 
pany,  Me'teoriem,  Wind  dropey,  (F.)  fyn* 
nite,  Pneumatoee  periUmeaU,  BaUouHtmtnu  torn 
Tvpxavov,  *  a  drum ;'  so  called  because  the  air- 
men is  distended  with  wind,  and  sousdi  lib  * 
drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of  the  aU>.s*. 
caused  by  accumulation  of  air  in  the  utesni 
tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tympanita  aij  m 
idiopathic  or  symptomatic  The  former  dtfeJi 
upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the  inner  sorta  ' 
the  intestine,  or  from  the  decomposition  of  & 
Btanees  contained  in  it;  the  latter  ia  th«  rMi 
of  some  organio  affection,  and  often  def«:ii 
upon  obliteration  of  the  digestive  tube,  vLri 
prevents  the  gas  from  escaping.  Idiopathic  rj» 
panites  may  be  more  readily  cured.  The  syaf  - 
matic  is  usually  fatal.  On  dissection  is  «i 
cases,  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  foooi  *?- 
mously  distended ;  with  strangulation  or  i*f- 
ganiiation  .of  some  part  of  the  macooi  b<s- 
brane  of  the  intestine.  Carminautes  mij  * 
proper  when  tympanites  depends  upon  atesj  4 
the  digestive  organs :  but,  in  cases  of  the  rrsf- 
tomatio  kind,  they  cannot  be  prodnetiTe  <i* 
vantage,  and  may  do  harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  is  the  ercj 
of  the  peritoneum— constituting  Tyn-po*?** «*■ 
domina'lie,  Airopiritmnie,  of  some:— the  seen* 
lation  in  the  intestines  being  called  Tynpui'm 
inteetina'lie. 

Tympanitis,  TJtxrdtx,  Physometrs. 

TYMPANI'TIS,  In/amma'tio  tyn'pa*:  fca 
rvfarapcp,  'a  drum,'  and  iris,  denoting  inflsaav 
tion.  Inflammation  of  the  lining  me&bnat  A 
the  middle  ear,    Also,  tympanites. 

TYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANUM,«vi*ew,  'a dram.'  The^J 
or  barrel  of  the  ear.  The  names  Oantjf  c/  :» 
Tympanum  or  Cavity  of  the  Drum,  Car'itat  Tj»* 

?an%,  Antrum  sen  cavitae  antro'ea  Aurit,  On* 
'ym'pani,  (F.)  Tympan,  CariU  du  tymj**,  C«" 
du  tambour — have  oeen  given  to  a  canty  «  u 
irregular  shape,  which  constitutes  themMdk* 
and  has  been  compared  to  a  drum.  It  »  &** 
in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  bet*** 
the  meatus  auditorius  externus  and  the  Ubtr^i 
This  cavity  is  fined  by  a  mucous  meubra*;  f" 
communicates,  externally,  by  means  of  th«  » 
stachian  tube,  which  is  situate  between  it  tad  a* 
pharynx.  The  tympanum  has  six  psrietet  t 
An  external,  which  is  almost  entirely  fonerij 
the  Membrane  of  the  Drum,  Membrew  *!*?* 
Diaphrag'ma  aurie,  MediaeU'num  sea  Tern**' 
turn  aurie,  Myrin'ga,  Mfwrinx,  (F.)  Mtmhre** 
tympan — a  species  of  thin,  transparent,  die** 
septum;  convex  within,  and  concave  w* 
which  closes  the  inner  extremity  of  the  ■*"* 
auditorius.  2.  An  internal,  on  which  are  t*«  /*• 
nee'tra  ova' lie,  Prom'ontoru,  and  Fora'me*  r*»- 
dum,  8.  A  euperior.  4.  An  inferior,  OB ««-* 
the  glenoid  figure.  5.  A  poeterior,  on  wb*fc  «« 
the  opening  of  the  mastoid  cells,  and  thej-P" 
mid.  «.  An  anterior,  on  whieh  are  the  n*** 
eiie  ooehieaformfn  and  the  inner  oris*  cf » 
Euetachian  tube.  The  cavity  of  the  rraptf-* 
is  crossed  by  a  series  of  four  small  boE»  «J* 
Uted  with  each  other  by  disrthrosM,  isevei » 


TYMPANY 


&7» 


TTPHUS 


certain  muscles,  and  representing  a  kind  of  bent 
lever  extending  from  the  membrana  tympani  to 
the  fenestra  oralis.  They  are  called  the  Bone*  or 
Oesicles  of  the  Ear,  and  are  the  malleus,  incus, 
os  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nervous  plexus  of  the  tympanum,  see 
Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otio  Ganglion. 

Tympanum  Minus,  see  Fenestra  —  t  Secunda- 
rium,  Bee  Fenestra. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites  — t  of  the  w'omb, 
Physometra. 

TYPE,  Typus,  Periodus  morbi,  from  rwcot,  l  a 
stamp/  itself  from  rvirrw, '  I  strike.'  The  type  is 
the  order  in  which  the  symptoms  of  a  disease  ex- 
hibit themselves,  and  suooeed  each  other.  It 
may  be  continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent. 

TYPHA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  has  the  same  pro- 
ties  as 

Ttpha  Aromattoa,  Acorns  calamus. 

Typha  Latipolia,  Cattail,  Reed  mace,  (P.) 
Ifassette,  Masse  (TEau,  (nfot,  'a  marsh/  [?]).  A 
plant  common  in  marshes  and  ponds,  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe.  Family,  TyphaoesB. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoeoia  triandria.  Its  roots  have 
been  used  in  dysentery  and  blennorhagia.  The 
young  shoots,  before  they  reach  the  surface  of 
the  water,  taste  like  asparagus,  when  boiled. 

The  down,  (F.)  Aigrette,  Foils,  which  accom- 
panies the  flowers,  has  been  applied  to  burns  like 
cotton. 

TYPHICUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHIQUE,  Typhoid. 

TYPHLITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS,  Tuphlo-enteritis,  Ty- 
phi? tie,  Typhloteri'tis,  Injlamma'tio  Caci,  Phleg- 
monous Tumour  of  the  Crncum,  (F.)  Inflammation 
du  CcBCum,  from  rvfles,  emeus,  and  enteritie,  *  in- 
flammation of  the  intestines.'  Inflammation  of 
the  caecum,  occasionally  leading  to  perforative 
ulceration. 

TYPHLOENTERUM,  Caecum. 

TYPHLOPS,  CaBeus. 

TYPHLOSIS,  Cseeitas. 

TYPHLOTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TYPHLOTERON  MONOCOLON,  Csjcum. 

TYPHLOTERUM,  Cseoum. 

TYPHLOTES,  Caecitas. 

TYPHODES,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOfiMIE  ENT^RIQUE,  see  Typhus. 

TYPHOHiEMIA,  see  Putrefaction, 


TYPHOID,  Typhoides,  Typho'des,  Ty'phicus, 
Typho'sus,  Lae'tica,  (F.)  Typhique,  Typhoids, 
Typhode.     Appertaining   to  or  resembling  ty- 


phus; as  Typhoid  Fever.  Also,  according  to  some, 
Typhoue  Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs  has  employed 
the  word  Typholde  for  a  family  of  diseases,  to 
distinguish  them  from  phlogosee;  of  this  family, 
Stomacace,  Pharyngocace,  and  Pneumoeace  are 
examples. 

Typhoid  Arpxcnoir,  see  Typhus— t  Fever  of 
India,  Cholera. 

TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  rv+ot,  'stupor/  and 
uavta,  '  delirium.'  Delirium  with  etupor,  Subde- 
lir'ium.  The  kind  of  delirium  common  in 
typhus. 

Typhomahia,  Coma  vigil,  Insomnia.  • 

TYPHONIA,  Coma  vigil. 

TYPHOSEPSBS,  Typhoseptoses. 

TYPHOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ees,  from  r»e>os, 
'stupor/  and  en^tt,  'putrefaction.'  Typhous  af- 
fections. 

TYPHOSUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOUS,  Typho'sus;  same  etymon  as  Ty- 
phus.    Belonging  or  relating  to  typhus. 

Typhous  Dipos'it.  A  peculiar  substance  of 
sew  formation  found  in  the  areolar  membrane 


between  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats  of  the 
patehes  of  Peyer  in  typhoid  fever. 

Typhous  Fsybr,  see  Typhoid. 

TYPHUS,  Semipes'tis,  Tuphus,  Febris  Typho'- 
dee,  Febrie  asthen'iea  sen  adynam'ica,  Asthenop'- 
yra,  (F.)  Fiivre  adynamiqne,  F.  ataxiqus,  F. 
adynamique  ataxique,  Typhus  d?  Europe,  from 
rvfot,  *  stupor.'  A  fever  characterised  by  small, 
weak,  and  unequal,  but  usually  frequent  pulse, 
with  great  prostration  of  strength,  and  muoh  ce- 
rebral disturbance;  its  duration  being  usually 
from  a  fortnight  to  three  weeks  or  longer.  It  is 
continued  fever,  accompanied  with  great  cerebral 
irritation  and  prostration.  (See  Fever.)  By  moat 
writers,  this  disease  has  been  divided  into  two 
varieties — the  Typhue  mitior  and  Typhue  gravior. 
Typhus  Mit"iob,  T.  simplex,  T.  nervo'eus,  T. 
comato'sus,  Fs/bris  lenta  nervoea,  Blechrop'yrue, 
F.  pu'trida  nervoea,  F.  hec'tica  maligna  nervosa, 
Nervous  Fever,  Neurop'yra,  Neuropvr'etus,  (F.) 
Fiivre  nerveuse,  is  characterised  by  slight  shiver- 
ing*, heavy,  vertiginous  headach ;  great  oppres- 
sion, peouiiar  expression  of  anxiety,  nausea, 
sighing,  despondency,  and  coma  or  quiet  deli- 
rium. Typhus  Gra'yior,  Typh.ru  car'cerum,  T. 
castren'sis,  T.  anthropophthor'aous,  True  Typhus, 
Exanthematfie  typhus,  Nervoue  /ever  with  sxan- 
them'atous  erup'tton,  (hnta'gious  typhus,  Febris 
nervosa  epidem'ica,  F.  nervo'ea  exanthemeWiea, 
F.  malig'na  cum  sopo'ri,  F.  nervo'ea  petechial; 
F.  pestilentia'Us  Euro' pa,  Typhus  contagio'sus 
exanthemat' icms,  T.  nostras,  T.  Europe' us,  T. 
commu'nis,  T.  bel*lieus,  T.  exanthemat' icus,  T, 
Hiber'nicus,  Fastis  bel'liea,  Febrie  pes'tilene  ma- 
lig'na, Febris  nau'tica  pestilentia'Us,  Febris  pete-* 
chia'lis,  Typhus  petechia' lis,  Porphyro -typhus, 
Pulieula'ris  morbus,  Febris  puncticula'ris,  F.  8a- 
prop'yra,  F.  esm'eerum  et  nosoeomio'rum,  F.  Pu- 
trida,  F,  con'tinenevu'trida,  F.  con  tin' ua  pu'trida, 
Septoj/yra,  Putrid  Fever,  Jail  Fever,  Hospital 
Fever,  Ship  Fever,  (F.)  Filvre  des  Camps,  F. 
nautiquc,  F.  a?H6pital,  F.  nosocomials,  F,  dee 
Prisons,  F.  Umtieulaire,  Typhus  contagieux,  is  at- 
tended with  rigors  and  heat,  alternating;  little 
or  no  perspiration;  pulse,  tense  and  hard,  usually 
quick,  but  fluttering ;  pain  over  the  forehead  and 
vertex;  a4 mulberry  rash,'  appearing  on  the  fifth 
to  the  seventh  day  of  the  disease,  and  lasting  till 
the  end;  delirium,  succeeded  by  stupor,  signs  of 
incipient  putrescency, — as  true  petechias,  vibices, 
hemorrhages,  Ac  Typhus,  under  particular  cir- 
cumstances, seems  to  be  communicable  by  conta- 
gion ;  but  if  proper  attention  be  paid  to  cleanli- 
ness and  ventilation,  there  is  not  much  danger  of 
communication.  The  general  principles  of  treat- 
ment, laid  down  under  the  head  of  Fever,  are 
applicable  here.  All  the  varieties  of  continued 
fever  resemble  each  other  in  the  cardinal  points, 
although  they  may  differ  in  many  of  their  cha- 
racters. Ventilation  and  cleanliness;  warm  or 
cold  ablution  or  sponging;  keeping  the  bowels 
free;  and  attending  to  symptoms  as  they  may 
rise,  with  the  avoiding  of  all  irritation  of  every 
•kind,  are  the  main  indications.  When  symptoms 
of  great  prostration  occur,  the  strength  must  be 
supported  by  wine ;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  mineral  acids.  Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any,  whilst  it  is 
free  from  the  objection  which  applies  to  most 
others, — of  being  too  bulky.  In  the  whole  man- 
agement of  this  affeotion,  however,  the  physician 
has  to  discriminate  carefully  between  oppression 
and  prostration.  The  former  may  require  eva- 
euanta ;  the  latter  eannot. 

Of  late,  certain  observers  have  endeavoured  to 
show,  that  there  is  an  essential  difference  between 
typhoid  fever  and  typhus ;  that  the  former  is  an 
abdominal  affection,  and  dependent  upon,  or  ton* 


TYPIO  880 

1  with,  an  inflamed  or  ulcerated  condition 
of  the  mucous  follicles  of  the  intestines ;  hence 
it  has  received  the  names  Fiivre  mSsenterique,  F. 
typhoid*,  Maladie  ou  Affection  typhotde,  F.  entiro- 
eneeentirique,  Entirite  typho-hentique,  Typhoimie 
entirique,  EnUro-mesenUrite  typhotde,  Exanthime 
intestinal*,  Dothinentirie,  Dothinentirite,  Ac,  lUo- 
diclidite,  Entirite  folliculeuse,  Qaetro-enUrite  with 
nervous  affection  of  the  brain,  Follicular  gastro- 
enteritis, F.  enteritis,  Enter? tie  foUiculo'ea,  Ty- 
phus abdomina'lis,  T.  intestina'lis,  T.  Sporad'icus, 
Enterotyphut,  T.  gangliona'ris  abdomina'lis,  Fe~ 
bris  intestina'lis  ulcero'sa,  F.  nerw/sa  gasftrica, 
F.  nervo'sa  enter' ica,  F.  enter' ica,  F,  nervo'$a  me- 
eenter'ica,  Enterhelio'sie  nervo'sa,  Typhus  enter' - 
ions,  Jleop'yra,  Reotyphus,  typhoid  affection, 
Enteric  fever.  Accompanying  this  form  of  fever 
there  is  generally  a  typhoid  eruption,  consisting 
of  rose-red  papulae,  (see  Spots,  red,)  which  appear 
mostly  on  the  abdomen.  They  are  distinct  from 
true  petechia,  as  they  can  be  removed  by  pres- 
sure ;  and  distinct  also  from  sudamina,  which  are 
Erhaps  the  universal  accompaniments  of  sweat- 
g,  and  are  consequently  a  variety  of  miliaria. 
The  common  continued  fever  or  synochus  of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed by  some  to  be  this  variety:  but  farther 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions which  have  been  attempted;  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection  is 
a  complication,  existing  in  certain  oases  and  epi- 
demics of  adynamic  fever,  and  not  in  others.  The 
Red  Tongue  Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considered  by 
Professor  Bartlett  to  be  typhoid  fever. 

Certain  modern  French  writers  have  considered 
the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent,  Typhus 
of  Europe,  Peste  d Europe,  pestilential  fever t  con- 
tagious typhus,  Hungary  fever.  Hospital  fever, 
camp  fever,  jail  fever,  lenticular  petechial  fever, 
Ac.,  to  be  identical  with  the  typhoid  affection. 
They  admit  but  one  fever  on  the  European  con- 
tinent —  the  typhoid.  Typhus,  they  maintain — 
but  by  no  means  establish  the  position — to  be 
peculiar  to  England. 

Typhus  Abdomivaub,  see  Typhus — L  cTAmi- 


ULCEROUS 

rioue,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Anthraetess,  VU{6*-t 
Anthropophthoracus,  Typhus — t  Apfcth-feft 
Aphtha  —  t  Bellicus,  Typhus— t  Beapl-t* 
Cholera  —  t.  Bubonicus,  Plague  —  L  C»n*r.=. 
Typhus  gravior — t  Castrensis,  Typhos grar.--- 
t  Comatosus,  Typhus  mitior — t.  Commtc-  Ty- 
phus—  L  Contagienx,  Typhus  —  t  Coax* 
Typhus — t  Contagiosa*  exanthemancu,Tr.ii 
— t.  <f  Europe,  Typhus — t.  of  Europe,  *«  Tyris 
— t.  Exantnematicus,  Typhus — t  flintf.  ^ 
abdominalis,  see  Typhus — L.  GravissuBu.  fax 
— t  Hibernicus,  T.  gravior — t  Icterod*.  :**. 
yellow — t.  Jaune,  Fever,  yellow— t  Info's:* 
see  Typhus  —  *.  Miaematique  ataxia*  *»*-• 
jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Morbilloses,  BcW'ir- 
t  Nervosus,  Typhus  mitior— t  Kostru,  Tj]» 
— t.  d*  Orient,  Plague— t.  Pestalentialis,  Plaga*- 
t  Pestis,  Plague— t  Petechials,  Typhus  rw*f 
—  L  Puerpiral,  see  Peritonitis— t  Sarto 
Scarlatina— t  Simplex,  Typhus  mitioT— t  fyn- 
dicus,  see  Typhus — t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  yefct- 
t  True,  Typhus — t  Vesioularis,  Pempii^ 

TYP'IC,  Typ'ical,  Typ'icum,  (f.)  i>.* 
Same  etymon  as  Type,  Characteriied  bj  yr- 
odicity,— as  a  'typical  fever f  or  oneitei* 
serves  a  particular  type. 

TTPOSES,  see  Periodicity. 

TTPUS,  Type. 

TYRANNUS,  see  Critical  days. 

TYRBASIA,  Agitation. 

TTRBE,  Agitation. 

TYREM'ESIS,  Turotem'esis,  fro*  i* 
'cheese/  and  stent,  '  vomiting/  Tgni*.  ?r 
reu'sis.  Vomiting  of  curdy  matter,  is  ista 
especially. 

TYREUSIS,  Tyremeais,  Tyroas. 

TYRIA,  Porrigo  decalrans. 

TYRIASIS,  Elephantiasis  Arabka. 

TYRODES,  Cheesy. 

TYROMA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROSIS,  Tyremesis.  Also,  the  en**' 
milk  in  the  stomach ;  Ty reu'sis. 

TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


U. 


UBERIS  APEX,  Papilla, 

ULA,  Gingiva. 

ULATROPH'IA,  from  ovXor,  'the  gum/  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums ;  fall- 
ing away  of  the  gums. 

ULCER,  Ulcus,  (diminutive  Ulcus* culum,)  Hel- 
cot,  Elco'sis,  Elco'ma,  Helens,  Helcofma,  a  Sore, 
(F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft 
parts,  of  longer  or  shorter  standing,  and  kept  up 
by  some  local  disease  or  constitutional  cause. 
Richerand  makes  four  great  distinctions  between 
a  wound  and  an  ulcer.  1.  A  wound  arises  from 
the  action  of  an  extraneous  body : — the  cause  of 
*n  ulcer  is  inherent  in  the  economy.  2.  A  wound 
H  always  idiopathic :  —  an  ulcer  is  always  symp- 
tomatic 8.  A  wound  has  essentially  a  tendency 
to  heal,  because  the  action  of  its  cause  has  been 
■  momentary:  —  an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary,  has  a 
tendency  to  enlarge,  because  its  cause  persists. 
4.  The  treatment  of  a  wound  is  purely  surgical ; 
that  of  an  ulcer  is  medical  as  well.  The  imme- 
diate cause  of  an  ulcer  is  an  augmented  action  of 
the  absorbents;  and  a  specific  action  of  the  small 
vessels,  which  secrete  pus  from  the  blood.  Ulcers 
have  been  variously  divided,  according  to  their 
nature  j — into  simple,  sinuous,  jistulous,  fungous, 


gangrenous,  scorbutic,  syphilitic,  < 
(erode,  scrofulous,  phagedenic,  virulent,  ew*"- ' 
sordid,  carious,  varicose,  Ac  The  tra**** 
consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate  ncs*9 
internal  and  the  local  causes  which  keep  r  ** 
ulceration,  and  in  exciting  the  vessels  of  Aep* 
where  necessary,  by  appropriate  bandagiig  ^ 

Ulcer,  Malignant,  Hospital  gangitK-1, 
Putrid,  Hospital  gangrene. 

ULCERA  INTESTINALIA,  Gastreta*-* 
Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngeal— a.  Serj»tn  s* 
Aphthss— u.  Uteri,  see  Metropathia*-*-  ^aP' 
cull,  Gastrelcosis— u.  Vesicae,  Cystophtto 

UL'CERATED,  UUera'tue,  Exuleere't*  & 
co' dee,  (F.)  UlcerS.  In  the  state  of  a  ■** 
Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERATIO  INTBSTINALIS,  Estetk* 
— u.  Ventriouli,  Gastrelcosis. 

ULCERATION,  Uletra'Ho,  Exukeretic.Fr 
gen'ia  corrosi'va,  A  superficial  uleer.  &t;'? 
ation  of  an  ulcer—  Exelco'eie,  Eko'sts,»i^ 
co'sis. 

ULCERE,  Ulcer— «.  am  Larynx,  Fifi**^ 
ryngea. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcero'sue,  Htko'dm,  B*+* 


ULCERS 


881 


UMBILICUS 


Having  the  character  of  an  nicer.    Affected  with 
ulcers. 
ULCERS,  EGYPTIAN,  JEgyptia  ulcer*. 
ULCUS,  Ulcer— n.  Atonieum,  Rupia— u.  Ca- 
coethes,  see  Cacoethcs —  n.  Cancrosum,  Cancer, 
Chancre — u.  Dacryodes,  see  Dacryodes — u.  De- 
pascens,  Phagedenic  nicer — u.  Ferinum,  Phage- 
denic nicer — n.  Fistulosum,  Hypophora — u.  Hy- 
pulum,  see  Hypnlns  —  n.  Narium  foetens,  Ozsana 
— u.  Obambulans,  Phagedenic  nicer — n.  Pulmo- 
nmm,  Phthisis  pulmonalis —  n.  Sinuosnm,  Hypo- 
phora—u.  8yriacum,  Cynanche  maligna — n.  To- 
lephium,  Telephium — n.  Toberculosam,  Lupus — 
n.  Uteri,  Hysterelcosis,  Leucorrhoea. 
ULCUSCULA  PR^PUTII,  Herpes  prsBputii. 
ULCUSCULUM,   Ulcer  —  u.  Cancrosum, 
Chancre. 
ULE,  Cicatrix. 
ULETICUS,  Gingivalis. 
ULICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULI'TIS>  from  ov*«,  'solid/  (rotf  <m>>ij,  'solid 
flesh:')  hence,  ov\ov,  'the  gum.'  Jnflamtna'tio 
gingi'-va,  Periodontitis  gingiva' rum,  (F.)  Oengi- 
vite,  inflammation  des  gencivee,  from  ovXov,  'the 
gum,'  and  iti;  denoting  inflammation*  Inflam- 
mation of  the  gums. 

U  litis  Septic  a,  Cancer  aqnatieus. 
ULLUCO,  Tropaeolum  tuberosum. 
ULMAfRE,  Spiraea  uimaria. 
I         ULMARIA,    Spiraa  uimaria— n.J>alu8tris, 
SpirsBa  uimaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  camped  trie  sen  glabra  sen  mon- 

,     ta'na  sen  nuda  sen  eati'va  sen  scabra,  Ptelea, 

,     Common  Elm,  (F.)  Orme.    Family,  Amentaeese. 

Sex.  Sytt.  Pentandria  Digynia.   The  inner,  rough 

bark  of  this  tree  is  inodorous ;  and  has  a  bitter, 

austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.    It  is  considered 

tonic,  alterative,  and  diuretic ;  and  has  been  used, 

chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

1         Ulmus  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.    The  bark  of 

the  root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cata- 

1     plasm  in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus   America'na,   U.  fulva,  Bough-leaved 

l     Elm,  Bed  Elm,  Slippery  Elm.    The  inner  bark  is 

i    highly  mucilaginous,  and  is  used  in  coughs,  diar- 

i    rhoeas,  and  dysenteries;  also,  as  a  poultice  for 

tumours ;  lacerated  and  contused  wounds,  Ac. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus — u.  Fulva,  U.  Ame- 
ricana— u.  Glabra,  Ulmus — u.  Montana,  Ulmus — 
u.  Nuda,  Ulmus — u.  Sativa,  Ulmus — u.  Scabra, 
Ulmus. 


Vanna 

ta'    . 

Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  bone  of 
the  forearm  which  forms  the  prominence  of  the 
elbow,  during  the  flexion  of  that  joint  It  is  the 
longer  and  larger  of  the  two  bones,  and  is  in- 
serted at  the  inner  side.  Its  upper  and  larger 
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process, 
called  olecranon;  and,  before,  a  smaller  one, 
called  coronoid.*  These  two  eminences  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  greater  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  fossa  or  olec'ranoid  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tuberole  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
under  the  root  of  the  eoronoid  process,  for  the 
insertion  of  the  Brachialis  intemue.  On  the  out- 
side of  this  extremity  of  the  bone  is  the  letter 
sigmoid  cavity.  It  is  articulated  with  the  head 
of  the  radius.  The  inferior  extremity  of  the 
cubitus,  which  is  much  smaller  than  the  supe- 
rior, and  articulated  with  the  radius,  has  a  sur- 
face that  corresponds  to  the  fibro-cartilage  which 
separates  it  from  the  os  ouneiforme;  and  a  pointed 
process,  called  styloid.  The  body  of  the  ulna  is 
manifestly  triangular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
os  humeri  and  radius,  and,  mediately,  with  the 
66 


os  cuneiforme.    It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification. 

Also,  the  elbow. 

ULNAD,  see  Ulnar  aspect. 

ULNAR,  Cubital. 

Ulnar  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ulna  is  situated. — Barclay.  Ulnad 
is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify 
'  towards  the  ulnar  aspect.' 

ULNARIS,  Cubital— u.  Externus,  see  Cubital 
muscles — u.  Gracilis,  Palmaris  longus — u.  Inter- 
nus,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

ULOCACE,  Cancer  aquations,  Stomacace. 

ULON'CUS,  from  sv\ov,  'the  gum/  and  oy*<n, 
*  tumour.'    Swelling  of  the  gums ;  epulis. 

ULORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhagia,  Hamor- 
rhag"ia  gingivarum,  Ulorrhoefa,  from  otXov,  '  the 
gum,'  and  pirywui,  'I  break  forth.'  Bleeding 
from  the  gums. 

ULORRHCEA,  Ulorrhagia. 

ULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

UL'TIMI-STERNAL.  Professor  Beclard  has 
given  this  appellation  to  the  sixth  or  last  bony 
portion  of  the  sternum.  He  calls  it  also  Ensi- 
Hernal. 

UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  whioh  dies 
last 

ULVA  CRISPA,  Fucus  crispus. 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

UMBILIC,  Umbilical,  Umbilicus. 

UMBIL'ICAL,  Um'bilic,  Vmbilica'lit,  Umbili- 
ca'tut,  from  umbilicus,  *  the  navel.'  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  navel. 

Umbilical  Arteries,  which  exist  only  in  the 
foetus,  seem,  as  it  were,  continuations  of  the  pri- 
mitive iliacs.  They  clear  the  umbilical  ring,  and 
proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they  carry  the 
residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  foetus  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  As  soon  as  respiration  is  esta- 
blished, the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by  the  umbilical 
arteries,  which  become  obliterated,  as  well  as  the 
vein,  and  are  transformed  into  two  very  strong 
ligamentous  cords,  —  the  vein  forming  the  Liga- 
men'tum  rotun'dum  of  the  liver. 

Umbilical  Cord,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

Umbilical  Region,  Jie'gio  umbiliea'lis,  Meeo- 
gat'trium  Re'aio  gas* trie*  sen  Mesogastrica,  (F.) 
Rigion  ombilxcale,  is  the  middle  region  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  which  the  umbilicus  is  placed.  The 
sides  of  this  are  called  the  flanks  or  lumbar  re- 
gion*. In  the  umbilical  region  are  the  omentum 
majus ;  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  duodenum ; 
the  jejunum ;  and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesen- 
tery; the  aorta;  vena  cava;  the  trunks  of  the 
renal  arteries  and  veins;  the  origin  of  the  sper- 
matic arteries,  Ac 

Umbilical  Ring,  An'nulus  umbiliea'lis,  (F.> 
Anneau  ombilieal,  is  a  fibrous  ring  which  sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and  through 
which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in  children. 

Umbilical  Vesicle,  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Umbilical  Vessels,  (F.)  Vaiseeaux  ombili- 
caux,  include  the  two  arteries,  and  umbilical 
vein.  The  umbilical  vein  arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, and  terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  foetus,  to  whieh  it 
conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 

UMBILICALIS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILICATUS,  UmbUical. 

UMBILI'CUS,  Umbo,  Om'phalos,  Umbili'eum, 
Radix  vsntris,  Mesompha'lium,  Me$om'phalum, 
Protme'ti*,  (navel  of  a  neuf-born  child;)  the  urn- 
bilic,  the  navel;  from  umbo,  '  the  button  or  pro- 
minence in  the  midst  of  a  buckler,'  or  from  vp- 
fa\os,  or  rather  oft<pa\ott  which  signifies  the  same, 
as  well  as  the  navel ;  (F.)  Ombilie,  Kovxbril     A 


UMBO 


882 


UNGUENTUM 


round  cioatrix,  about  the  median  line  of  the  ab- 
domen. It  is  in  the  situation  of  an  aperture, 
which,  in  the  foetus,  affords  passage  to  the  ves- 
sels of  the  umbilical  cord. 

Umbilicus  Mam'nus,  Cotyledon  marina,  An- 
dro'eaci,  Acetabulum  marinum,  Andro'saci  Mat- 
thi'oli,  Fungus  petra'us  marinus.  A  submarine 
production,  found  on  the  rocks  and  the  shells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 

UMBO,  Elbow,  Umbilicus. 

UMBRELLA  TREE,  Magnolia  tripetala. 

U  M  S  C  H  L  A  0,  see  Compress. 

UNBOWELING,  Exenterismus. 

UNCARIA  GAMBIR,  Nauclea  Gambir. 

UNCAS,  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 

UNCIA,  Ounce. 

UN'CIFORM,  Uneifor'mis,  Uncina'tus,  from 
uncus, '  a  hook/  and  forma,  *  shape.'  That  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Bonk,  Os  unciform'*,  Os  Kama' turn, 
Os  unci na' turn,  (P.)  Os  crochu.  The  fourth  bone 
of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  Inwards  and  forwards,  it  has  a 
considerable  eminence,  which  is  curved  upon 
Itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
os  semilnnare,  os  magnum,  os  cuneiforme,  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  metacarpal  bones.  It  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Unciform  Eminence,  Hippocampus  minor. 

UNCINATUS,  Unciform. 

UNCINUS,  Hook. 

UNCTION,  Inunction,  Unguentum,  Unguen- 
tum  hydrargyri. 

UNCUS,  Hook. 

UNDERCLIFP,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Undercliff  com- 
prehends a  tract  of  country  from  Dunnose  to  St. 
Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  southeast  coast,  about  six 
miles  in  length,  and  from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile 
In  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from  the  colder 
winds;  and  the  climate  is  remarkably  equable, 
as  well  as  mild  and  dry,  so  that  there  are  not 
many  days  during  the  winter  in  which  the  inva- 
lid cannot  take  some  exercise  in  the  open  air. 
It  is  an  excellent  climate  for  the  pulmonary  va- 
letudinarian. 

UNDIM'IA.  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled  with  a  gelatinous  matter,  like 
the  white  of  an  egg. 

UNDOSUS,  Cymatodes. 

UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 

UNEDO,  Arbutus  unedo  —  u,  Papyracea,  Ar- 
butus uncdo. 

UNGUEAL  MATRIX,  see  Nail. 

UNGUEN,  Unguentum— u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
novia. 

UNGUJfiNT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENT  ARIA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropas'us,  Mvrep'tus, 
Myropo'lce,  Myrcpo'lus,  Pigmenta'rius ;  from  un- 
guen'tum,  'an  ointment'  One  who  makes  and 
sells  ointments.    A  perfumer. 

UNGUENTUM,  Unguen,  Myron,  Unction, 
(T.)  Onguent,  from  ttngere,  'to  anoint'  Oint- 
ment Ointments  are  topical  applications,  of  a 
Consistence  more  or  less  analogous  to  that  of 
lard.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as  local  applica- 
tions to  ulcers  and  wounds ;  but  are  sometimes 
nibbed  upon  a  part  in  cutaneous  affections ;  and, 
especially,  where  it  is  desired  that  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Oint- 
ments are  of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unguen'tum  Ac"idi  Nitro'8I,  Ointment  of  Ni- 
trous Arid,  Poma'tum  vel  Unguen'tum  Ni'tricum 
▼el  Oxygena'tum,  (F.)  Pommade  oxyg4n4e,  Gram* 


oxyginU,  Pommade  aVAlyon.  (AOp.  ariBs,  ft); 
acid,  nitros.  £vj.  Melt  the  fat,  and  nib  is  tk 
acid  gradually,  till  cold.  PA.  E.)  Susalut 
Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous  eruption*,  su 
in  foul  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Adipocera  Cetoito,  CffSSS 
cetacei — u.  JSgyptiacum,  Linimentancnviw- 
u.  JSgyptinm  album,  Crinomyron— u.  Aite* 
Unguentum  cetacei — u.  Album  ReroWess,  I» 
mentum  ammonia  fortius. 

Unguentum  dk  Alth^I,  Marti  metis*  ta- 
uten*, U.  de  Tertbin'thind  el  certi,  Cent*** 
Althied,  Emplas'trum  mucHagino'atm,  E.  al- 
lien*, E.  cifrinum,  E.  fiavum,  E.  de  AUhst  f«- 
guentum  fiavum,  U.  Cifrinum,  U.re*?*epi**' 
res' trie  compos' itum  sen  rcntmptinm  tea  !»'•- 
rum,  (P.)  Onguent  de  guimauve,  0.  ftltkk.  i> 
de  mucilaginibus,  1000  p.,  ce«-«  jfar«,  2M  h  * 
rinat  terebinthin.,  a&  125  p.  Liquefy:  itraan- 
stir  till  cold.  Ph.  P.)  Common  Olite  Oil  MfC 
be  substituted  for  the  Oil  of  Mucilag*. 

Unguentum  Amtgdallitcm,  Ceratoa  G&& 

Unoukntum  Antimo'nij,  U.  A.  Tmrtarim'*J> 
A.  Potassio-tar'tratis,  U.  tar'tari  esufid,  (•* 
ment  of  tar1  tori  ted  an'timony.  (Antino*.  «f 
tan.  tartrat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  3!)»  a4>>*  tv 
If  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  be  rubbed  if©  c.r 
part,  night  and  morning,  it  will  excite,  it  *  to 
days,  a  painful  pustular  eruption,  Bewe.  ~ ' 
employed  as  a  counter-irritant  This  vKpsn*  j 
is  also  called  Ung.  Tar'tari  •tibia' ti  mr«f>. 
Una,  e  Tar'taro  tibia' to.  Adept  Tarts*  *»** 
medico!  tns,  Ung.  Tar'tratis  Potass'mstihi**,  * 
Pommade  d'Autenrieth,  Pommade  stibik. 

Unguentum  Anttmojoi  Potassio-Tawu^ 
Unguentum  antimonii — a.  Antimonii  Urttraft 
U.  antimonii  —  u.  Antipernium.  see  AatiptB* 

Unguentum  AqujB  Rosa,  Ointmett?'?* 
water,  Cold  Cream.  (Aq.  Hosa.  fjj:  of.  —i? 
fgij;  eefacei,  2sa  ;  cere*  alba,  33.  Melt****" 
in  a  water-bath,  the  oil,  spermaceti.  ui  *& 
then  add  the  rose-water,  and  stir  until  it  it*1 
Ph.  U.  S.)    Cooling  to  irritated  sur&ces. 

Unguentum  Armarium?,  Hoplochrrntt-** 
Arthanitss,  Bee  Arthanita — n.  Articular*,  Sj*" 
— 11.  Basilioon  flavum,  Ceratum  resins— a  if 
licon  nigrum,  Unguentum  resins?  nigra-— t* 
silicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  esjr- 

Unguentum  Belladon'n^e,  Oiatmnt^*- 
ladonna.  {Ext.  belladonna  gj;  adtfi  ■$■* 
Ph.  U.  8.)  An  anodyne  application  to  iro^-' 
ulcers,  Ac 

Unguentum  Cantharidis,  Unguentnol.^» 

Unguin'tum  Cerjb  {albm  vel/ac«).ir«iw 
ment,  Unqucntum  simplex,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Up- 
turn rimplex,  Oil  and  Bees'  Wax,  (F.)  0***1" 
ctre.  {Cera  lbj,  adipie  Ibiv,  PA.  U.  S.  *-** 
3Eij,  oL  oliv.  gv.)  Emollient.  A  mild  di**1 
Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  compHfci  ^ 
ments. 

Unguentum  Cebatuic,  Ceratum  Gtkw-1, 
CerusssB,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  aJbi.  T^ 
entum  plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Ccnsa15' 
tat®,  Ceratum  plumbi  raperacetaas,  U-  F^; 
superacetatis — u.  Citrinum,  U.  de  altlMti,  C  C 
drargyri  nitratis. 

Unguentum  Cbta'cei,  Unguentum  ^rar> 
Cctx,  U.  album,  Linimen'tum  album,  Sp**** 
ointment,  (F.)  Onguent  de  blame  de  beievt.  <  ." 
facet  ^vj,  eera  alba  giT,  oL  oliv.  fjtij.  ^•', 
The  ordinary  dressing  for  blisters  and  <£** 
tions. 

Unguen'tum  Creaso'tt,  Ointment  ofC*"* 
(Creasot.  f  gss ;  adipie,  Jj.  Add  the  ewMfj" 
the  lard  previously  melted  with  a  »oo«o«^* 
and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph.  C  i.)  ^ 
in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 


ITNGUENTTJM 


883 


UNGUENTUM 


Unguentum  Cufei  Subacetatis,  Unguentum 
subacetatis  cupri 

Unguentum  Digesti'tum  Simplex,  U.  Tere- 
bin'thina  et  ovo'rum  vitel'li,  Simple  digestive  oint- 
ment, (F.)  Onguent  digestif  simple,  (  Terebint hin. 
pur.  64  p.  VitelL  ovor.  No.  2,  vel  82  p.  Mix,  for 
a  long  time,  in  a  gloss  mortar,  and  add,  gradually, 
enough  of  the  Oil  of  Hypericum  (Millepertuis)  to 
make  a  soft  ointment  Ph.  P.)  Detergent.  It 
may  be  rendered  more  so  by  adding  a  little  of  the 
Acetate  of  copper. 

Unguentum  Elect,  Balsam  of  Arenas,  Ungu- 
entum  elemi  eompositam.  * 

Unguentum  El'emi  Compob'itum,  Linimen'twn 
Arca'i,  Unguentum  e  gummi  elemi,  Ung.  de  Tere- 
bin'thind  et  adip'ibus,  U.  elemi,  Ointment  of  Elemi, 
(F.)  Bourne  &Arctns.  (Elemi  tbj,  terebinthina 
vulgaris  ^x,  sevi  praparati  Iby,  oliva  olei  f^U- 
Melt  tho  elemi  with  the  suet ;  remove  it  from  the 
fire ;  and  mix  in  the  turpentine  and  oil.  Strain 
the  mixture  through  a  linen  cloth.  Ph.  L.)  Sti- 
mulant and  digestive.    To  keep  open  issues,  Ac. 

Unguentum  Epispas'ticum  de  Daphne  Gni- 
DIO,  Adept  Oor'tici  daphnes  gnidii  medica'tue, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Qarou.  (Adip.  prapar,  320  p., 
cerm,  82  p.,  eort.  daphn.  gnid.  128  p.  Melt  the 
fat  and  wax;  and  add  the  bark  softened  in  water. 
Boil  until  the  water  is  evaporated;  then  pass 
through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  keep  open  blisters, 
issues,  Ac.    See  Unguentum  Mezerei. 

Unguentum  Epispasticum  Fortius,  Cerate  of 
cantharides — u.  Epispasticum  mitiUB,  Unguentum 
lyttaB — u.  Epispasticum  viride,  Unguentum  lyttse 
medicatum — u.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althsBa — 
u.  e  Gummi  elemi,  Unguentum  eompositam  —  u. 
Hellebori  albi,  Unguentum  veratri. 

Unguentum  Galljs,  Ointment  of  Calls,  (Oalla 
in  pulv.  Jj;  adipis.  gvy.  M.  Ph.  U.  &)  As  an 
astringent  in  piles,  indolent  ulcers,  Ac. 

Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri,  U.  caru'leum,  U. 
Xeapolita'nnm,  Blue  ointment,  Cera' turn  mercu- 
ria'U,  Adept  Hydrar'qyro  medica'tue,  Mercurial 
Ointment,  unction,  (F.;  Onguent  mercuriel  ou  Na- 
politain. 

The  Strong  Mercurial  Ointment,  Unguentum  Hy- 
drargyri fortiue  of  the  London  Pharmacopoeia, 
Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri  (Fh.  U.  S.),  1b  thus  made 
— Hydrarg.  Ibjj,  adipis  gxxity,  eevi  Jj.  Rub  till 
the  globules  entirely  disappear. 

The  Milder  Mercurial  Ointment,  —  Unguentum 
Hydrargyri  Mitius,  — is  made  by  adding,  to  one 
ponnd  of  the  strong,  two  pounds  of  lard. 

Mercurial  ointment  is  antisyphilitic  and  discu- 
tient  It  is  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh,  in 
venereal  affections;  especially  in  those  cases  where 
mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off  by  the  bowels. 
The  stronger  ointment  is  used  for  this  purpose. 
The  weaker  is  employed  as  a  dressing,  or  as  an 
application  to  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Htdrarqtri  Ammonia.it,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  pnecipitati  albi  —  u.  Hydrar- 
gyri calcis  albas,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  pnecipi- 
tati albi — u.  Hydrargyri  eompositam,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitraUs — u.  Hydrargyri  deutoxydi  ni- 
trati,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxydi  hydrargyri  cinereum. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  H. 
nitrati,  U.  sitpernitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ointment  of 
titrate  of  Mer'cury,  Citrine  Ointment,  Bal'samum 
mercuria'tt,  Ung.  hydrar'gyri  compos 'itum,  U. 
pier  curtate  cit'rinum,  Adeps  nitra'te  hydrargyri 
medica'tue,  Unguentum  eitrinum  ad  scabiem,  (F.) 
Onguent  de  nitrate  de  mercure,  0.  citrin  centre  la 
gale.  (Hydrarg.  5j,  acid,  nitric,  f  3*iv,  olei  bu- 
buli  f  51X>  adipis  ^ity.  Dissolve  the  mercury  in 
the  acid ;  and,  while  hot,  add  the  oil  and  melted 
lard.    Ph.  U.  S. 


A  milder  ointment, — Ung.  Nttratis  HydrarayH 
mitius,  —  is  made  with  triple  the  quantity  or  oil 
and  lard.  It  is  stimulant  and  detergent,  and  is 
much  used  as  an  application  to  herpes,  porrigo, 
and  cutaneous  eruptions.  The  weaker  ointment 
is  sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi,  Ac. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ni'trico-ox'ydt, 
Ung.  subnitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Una.  Oxydi  Pbj 
drargyri  rubri,  U.  H.  oxidi  rubr%  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Ointment  of  Nitric  Oxyd  of  Mercurv,  Bal'samum 

3x>hthal'm\cum  rubrum,  Unguentum  deutox'ydi  hy- 
rarg.  nitrati,  Bed  Precip'itate  Ointment,  Oolden 
Ointment,  Singleton's  Eye  Salve,  U.  Hydrargyri 
rubri,  U.  ex  Hydrargyro  oxyda'to  rubro,  U.  mer- 
eurii  rubrum,  u.  ophthaVmicum  rubrum,  U.  subni- 
tra'tis  hvdrargyr*ici.  (Hydrarq.  oxid.  rubr.  in 
pulv.  subtilies.  gj;  Ung.  simpL  §j.  Add  the 
oxyd,  reduced  to  a  fine  power,  to  the  melted 
ointment.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  escharotic. 
Applied  to  foul  ulcers,  to  inflammation  of  the 
tarsi,  Ac.  Ac 

Belleville's  Cerate,  which  has  been  long  used 
in  cases  of  scaUed  head,  and  of  chronio  cutaneous 
diseases  in  general,  is  made  as  follows : — Plumbi 
acet.J^  ;  hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  %8S  ;hyd.  chlorid. 
mit.  51J;  cera  alba  Jiv;  ol.  oltv.  Jvj.  Melt  the 
last  two,  and  add  the  others  in  fine  powder. 

Unguentum  Htdrarqtri  Oxidi  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  ex  Hy- 
drargyro oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Hydrargtri  Pkjecipita'ti  Albi, 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  ammonia' ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  U.  sub- 
muria'tis  hvarargyri  ammonia'ti,  Unguentum  ad 
scabiem  Zelleri,  U.  mercuria'U  album,  U.  mun- 
dtf'icans  Zelleri,  Ointment  of  white  precipitate, 
Ung*  e  mercu'rio  pracipita'to,  Ung.  calcis  hydrar- 
gyri alba.  (Hyd.  amnion,  £j,  ung.  simpl.  %ia*. 
Melt  the  fat,  and  add  the  precipitate.)  Detergent, 
Used  in  cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin, 
Ac. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Rubri,  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  eubmmiatis 
ammoniati,  U.  Hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi — u. 
Hydrargyrid  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  supemitratis,  U. 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Infusi  meloes  vesicatorii, 
U.  lyttse — u.  Txritans,  U.  lyttse. 

Unguen'tum  Io'dini,  U  Iodin'ii,  Ointment  of 
Iodine.  (Todin.  J)j ;  Potass,  iodid.  gr.  iv ;  Aqua 
T!\,vi;  Adipis.  £j.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first 
with  the  water  until  liquified,  and  then  with  the 
lard  until  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  local 
application  to  goitrous  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Io'dini  Compos'itum,  U.  Iodin'ii 
compositum,  Compound  Ointment  of  Iodine.  (Iodin* 
7ss;  Potassii  iodid.  <£j;  Alcohol,  f£j;  adipis  5ij. 
Kub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with  the  alcohol 
and  then  with  the  lard  until  they  are  well  mixed. 
Pa.  U.  S.) 

Unguentum  Lau'rinum,  O'leum  lau'rinum, 
Adeps  lauro-medica'tus,  Bay  Ointment,  (F.)  On- 
guent  ou  Huile  de  laurier.  (Fol.  lauri,  500  p., 
adip.  suiUa,  1000  p.  Bruise  in  a  marble  mortar; 
evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling;  and  add  £as/ 
berries,  in  powder,  600  p.  Digest  and  pas* 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be  corro- 
borant and  nervine.    It  is  simply  emollient 

Unguentum  Lbnittvum,  U.  de  althaea — u.  Li- 
liaceum,  Crinomyron. 

Unguentum  Lyttjs,  Una.  eanthar*idis,  U.  »c- 
sicato'rium,  U.  irri'tans,  U.  ad  vesica' ta,  Blister- 
ing Salve,  Una.  infu'si  mel'oes  veeicato'rii,  Oint- 
ment of  Spamsh  Plies,  Ointment  of  Infusion  of 
Spanish  Flies,  Unguentum  epispas'tieum  mit"ius9 
Milder  blis'tering  Ointment.    (Uant&artd.  in  pulv. 


UNGUENTUM 


884 


TTNGUKirrUlf 


Jij;  aqua  dettillat.  Oss;  cerat.  retin.  Jviij.  Boil 
down  the  water  with  the  Spanish  flies  to  one-half, 
and  strain;  then  mix  the  cerate  with  the  strained 
liquor,  and  eraporate  to  the  proper  consistence. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  stimulant  and  epispastic;  and 
is  chiefly  used  for  keeping  up,  the  discharge  from 
ft  blistered  surface. 

Unguentum  Lyttmj  Medica'tum,  Adept  can- 
iharid'ibut  medica'tut,  Poma'tum  sen  Unguentum 
epitpat'ttcum  vir'ide  ttim'ulant  ac'ribut,  Green 
blit'tering  Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  epitpattique 
verte.  (Pomati  Tel  tmguenti  cantharia.  64  p., 
unguent,  populei  168  p.,  cera  alba  256  p.,  cupri 
acetat.,  ext.  opii,  aa  24  p.  Melt  the  unguentum 
populeum,  and  wax,  and  add,  as  they  cool,  the 
ozyd  of  copper,  cantharides,  and  opium.  Ph.  P.) 
Use,  same  as  the  last 

Unguentum  Lytta  Medica'tum  A'liud, 
Adept  cantharid'ibut  medica'tut  aliut,  Poma'tum 
epitpat'tieum  fiavum  et  mif'iut,  Yellow  Witter- 
ing Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  tpitpattique  jaune. 
(Pulv.  cantharid.  120  p.,  adip.  prop.  1680  p., 
aqua  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mix  the  cantharides, 
and  add  the  water  at  the  same  time ;  place  the 
whole  on  a  gentle  fire;  stir  continually  for  two 
hours,  and  add  a  little  water  to  replace  that  which 
has  been  evaporated.  Pass  through  linen  and 
strain.  Keep  it  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  pow- 
dered turmeric,  8  p.  Let  it  cool  till  the  super- 
fluous liquid  separates ;  pour  off  and  add  yellow 
wax,  250  p.,  Oil  of  Lemon,  8  p.  PA.  P.)  A  com- 
plex preparation.    Use,  same  as  the  last 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
bined, was  used  by  Dr.  Physick,  which  is  known 
by  the  name  of  "Dr.  Phytick't  Ittue  Ointment." 
It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce  of  powdered 
eantharidet  in  two  ounces  of  rote-water,  and  eva- 
porating until  one-half  of  the  fluid  is  driven  off, 
having  previously  added  15  grains  of  tartar  emetic. 
The  decoction  is  to  be  strained,  and  three  ounces 
of  olive  oil,  an  ounoe  and  a  half  of  white  wax,  and 
one  ounce  of  tpermaeeti  added  to  it,  and  the  mix- 
ture then  boiled  till  all  the  water  is  evaporated. 

Unguentum  Melajcicum  Causticum,  Causti- 
oum  .fithiopioum. 

Unguentum  Mercurials  Album,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  prooipitati  albi  —  u.  Merouriale  citri- 
num,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e  Mer- 
ourio  precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  pr»- 
oipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Mundificans  Zelleri, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  procipitati  albi. 

Unguentum  Mez'erei,  Ointment  of  Mexereon. 
(Meter,  incis.  trans versim,  £iv;  adipit,  ^xiv; 
cera  alba,  3U>  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a 
little  alcohol,  and  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt-water  bath,  for  12  hours;  strain 
forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to  cool 
slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters  may 
subside;  from  these  separate  the  medicated  lard; 
melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
constantly  till  they  are  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  To 
keep  open  blisters,  issues,  Ac. 

Unguentum  Muria'tis  Htdrargtri  Oxtge- 
HA'to  Medica'tum,  Adept  muria'ti  hydrargyri 
oxygenate  medicatut,  CyriUo9t  Ointment,  (F.) 
Pommade  de  Gyrillo.  (Hydrar.  oxynxur.  4  p.; 
adipit  tuilla  prop.  32  p.— Ph.  P.)  Antivenereal 
and  alterative.    Used  in  friction,  jjss  at  a  time. 

Unguentum  Nardinum,  see  Nardus  Indioa — 
u.  Keapolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  u. 
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuoi  —  u.  Nitrioum 
Tel  oxygenatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unguentum  Ophthal'micum,  Adept  ox'ido  hy- 
drargyri rubro  et  plumbi  aceta'ti  mediea'tut,  Jle- 
getWs  Pommade  ophthalmique,  (F.)  Pommade  oph- 
thalmicus (Butyr.  recent.,  aq. rotar.  lavaU  4}  p.; 


camphor.,  oxyd.  hydrarg.  rubr.,  eeetatU  fkm\ 
&&  0.25  p.  Mix  intimately.— Ph.  P.)  k&m 
inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  UnL 

Unguentum  Ophthalmicum,  UngncDtasxil 
sinei  impuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rabrom,  UsgK& 
turn  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydL 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hthbabstu  Cartm 
Adept  sen  Unguentum  ex  hydrurgyromfimto- 
turn  cinereum,  Ointment  of  gray  oaade  o/wrcvj, 
(F.)  Onguent  grit.  (Oxyd.  hydnrg.  eiMr.ij; 
adipit  tuilli,  p.  iij.  — Ph.  E.)  Propctw  Lu 
the  mercurial  ointment.    It  is  not  mtch  ori. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Plumbi  Albl  Uf.  «*»• 
ta,  Ung.  album,  Ung.  eubaceta' tit  plumbi,  0i*u* 
of  white  oxide  of  lead,  White  oinfmL  1  Tit 
timplicit,  p.  v;  oxyd.  plumb,  alb.  p.  j.— ft-L 
and  P.)  Cooling  and  deeieeative.  App&a 
excoriated  and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Oxidi  Plumbi  CinoiiiLl. 
Plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Oxidi  sinci,  Ucp» 
turn  zinoi. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Znrci  Impu'iu,  Cijw» 
tu'tia,  Ung.  ophthal'micum,  Eye-tain,  Adepts- 
idi  Mind  mediea'tut,  Tutty  ointment,  Ob***  1 
impure  oxide  of  zinc  (Linim.  rimpL  p.  t  ;  &Ti 
tine.  imp.  prop.  p.  j.—  Ph.  B.)  GesenflTB* 
in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic  ophthalmia. 

Unguentum  Picis  Lxq'uidje,  Ung.  Pint,  fy 
e  Pici,  Tar  Ointment.  (Picit  liquid.,  mi,  S3 
Ibj.  Melt,  and  stir  till  cold.)  Stimalitt  & 
detergent  Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  otfw  «* 
neous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  Nigbjb,  Unguentam  raia 
nigrsa — u.  Plumbi  acetatis,  Ceratum  ploafc*- 
peracetatis — u.  Plumbi  oarbonatit,  Cnp«» 
plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Plumbi  ox/di  oj«- 
nati,  Unguentum  plambi  subeirbanatH--t 
Plumbi  subacetatis,  Unguentum  oxidi  ptnft 
albi — u.  Plumhioi  carbonatis,  Unguentum  paa* 
subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Subcaebonatb,  C.j** 
bi  carbona'tit,  Cera' turn  de  cerut'td,  ftf  *** 
U.  album  timplex,  U.  carbona'tit  pUmbici.  C* 
rut'ta,  U.  oxidi  plumbi  carbon*'*',  (F.)  0^ 
blanc  de  Rhanet,  O.  de  eerume,  0.  de  ?<*"*? 
(Plumbi  carbonat.  in  pulv.  subtfliss.  Zfr  f* 
guent.  timpl.  Ibj.  Add  the  carbonate  rf  ^  * 
the  ointment  previously  softened  over  1  f^ 
Are,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Chiefly  ***  u  * 
dressing  for  burns. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  SupXRAcrrA'm.  r.«* 
ta'Ut  plumbi,  Ointment  of  tugar  of  lead,  ftp* 
turn  taturni'num,  U.  cerue'tm  aeeta'te,  B*?**?* 
univerta'li.  (Olive  oil*  Ibss;  whit*  •»•  ,r* 
tuperacetate  of  lead,  gij.)  Cooling,  dei**?' 
Called,  also,  Baltamum  taturni'num,  Aft"" 
tatur'ni,  Linimen'tum  plumba'tum,  Pern'**  ■" 
tur'ni,  Ung.  triphar'macum.  r 

Unguentum  Populk'uv,  Adept pepa**** 
otcy'amo,  et  belladon'nd  mediea'tut.  (fnA** 
of  the  populut  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  •£ 
tuillut  prop,  melted,  1500  p.,  for  24  hoars.  -^ 
serve  this.  Take  black  poppy  leatet,  btRte.^ 
hyotcyamut,  black  nightshade,  U 123  p.;  ^ 
in  a  mortar  with  the  former  prcpartfws;  *• 
until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  ami  saw*"" 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local  iaSi»* 
tions,  hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  eueerf  * 
Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold  for  th& 

Unguentum  Populbum,  see  Populai. 

Unguentum  Potas'bjb  Hydrioda'tb.  T.  f 
tat'tii  io'didi,  Ointment  of  hydrTodatt  ef  f^ 
(Potaet.  iodid.  in  pulv.  seibtfl.  5fl ;  «f  •  *•  * 
f 3 ;  adipit,  gj.  Dissolve  the  iodide  m  tk«  ** 
and  mix  the  solution  with  the  i*^^1^*/,  'a 
Half  a  drachm  of  this)  ointment  is  n*"  * 
scrorulous  glands,  goitre,  6e.  ^ 

Unguentum  Potassd  Iopid^  Unf*****"' 


UNGUENTUM 


885 


UNSTRIPED 


turn  Hydriodatis — u.  Purvis  meloes  vesieatorii, 
Cerate  of  cantharides — a.  Resins*  darn,  Ceratam 
resins  flav». 

Uhgusntum  Rbbi'm  Nior^,  Ung.  retina  ni- 
grum, Ung.  basil' icon  nigrum,  Una,  tetrapharm'a- 
cvm,  Black  basilieon,  Black  renn  ointment,  Un- 
guentum picis  nigra.  (Renn,  nigr.,  ceres  flava, 
rtsinafiav.  &S  Jix  ;  olei  oliva,  Oj. — Ph.  L.  Uses, 
the  same  as  the  Ceratum  retina  or  Yellow  basi-, 
licon. 

Unguentum  RcsnrjB  Pnci  8yi/vb8tri8  Cox- 
pobitum,  Unguentum  de  Althaea — u.  Resinosum, 
Ceratam  resina  fiavn — u.  Resumptivum,  Un- 
guentom de  althaea. 
Unguentum  Sabinjb,  Ceratam  Sabina. 
Unguentum  Sambu'ci,  Ung.  eambu'einurn,  Green 
ointment,  Unguentum  nervi'num,  Elder  ointment, 
(F.)  Onguent  de  eureau.  (Sambuci  JUnr.  Iby; 
adipis  prop.  Ibjj.  Boil. — Ph.  L.  and  D.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Unoubntum  Satttoninum,  Unguentom  plumbi 
snperacetatis— u.  ad  Soabiem  Zelleri,  Unguentom 
hydrargyri  preBcipitati  albi— a.  Simplex,  Ceratam 
Qaleni,  Unguentum  cerss  — a.  Solidam  de  cieatft, 
Emplastrum  cicuta — a.  Spermatis  oeti,  Unguen- 
tom oetaoeL 

Unguentum  Stbaxo'bii,  Ointment  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  {Ext,  atramon.  foL  3jj  ;  adipie,  Jj.  Rub 
the  extract  with  a  little  water  until  uniformly 
■oft,  and  then  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  8.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  uloers,  hemor- 
rhoids, Ac. 

Unguentum  Subacbta'ttb  Cupri,  U.  cupri 
subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ung,  deter' gens,  Ung. 
basil'icum  vir'idi,  Ung,  aru'ginis,  Bal'samum 
viridi,  Ointment  of  subacetate  of  copper,  Verdi- 
gris ointment.  (Gupri  eubaeet,  in  pulv.  subtUiss. 
35 ;  ung.  simpl,  gxv.  Add  the  eubacetate  to  the 
ointment  previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  till  cold. —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Detergent  and 
CBcharotio, 

Ungubhtux  Sulphura'tum  ad  Sca'bibx,  Acfciu 
sul'phure  et  ammo'nia  muria'ti  medica'tue,  (Adi- 
pie, 120  p. ;  sulph,  lot.  60  p. ;  ammonia  muriat., 
alumina  sulphat.  U4p.;  fiat  unguentum. — Ph. 
P.)     Antipsoric. 

Bailey" e  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  of  olive  oil, 
lard,  nitre,  alum,  eulphate  of  nine,  and  cinnabar; 
ace n  tod  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  origanum,  and 
oil  of  spike,  and  coloured  with  alkanet-root. 

Unoubntum  Sulphura'tum  Alcali'num  ad 
Soa'bikx,  Adeps  sul'phuri  et  carbona'ti  potasea 
medica'tue,  HeVmeriefcs  Alcaline  Sulphur  a' ted  Itch 
Ointment  (Adip.  prop.  800  p. ;  sulphur,  lot.  200 
p. :  earbonat.  potass,  pur.  100  p. ;  flat  ung. — Ph. 
P.;     Use,  same  as  the  last 

BaUman'e  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar,  and  seented  with  essence 
of  bergamot. 

Unguentum  Sul'phuris,  Una.  e  sulph'uri,  Sul- 
phur ointment.  (Sulph.  Ibj ;  adip.  lbij.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic 
affections. 

Unoubntum  Sulphubis  Coxpob'itum,  Com- 
pound Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch  Ointment,  Unguen- 
tum Antipeor'icum,  Jackson's  Itch  Ointment,  Pom- 
made  Antipsoriaue  de  Jasser.  (Sulph.  eublim. 
Ibss ;  veratri  rod.  contua.  ^U ;  potasea  nitrat.  gj ; 
saponis  mollis,  tt>ss;  adipis,  Diss;  ol.  bergamot. 
TTt  xxx.  —  Ph.  L.)  The  Unqubhtum  Sulphubis 
Compositum  of  the  Pharm.  U.  8.,  is  made  as 
follows: — Sulphur.  Jjj  hydrargyri  ammoniat, 
acid-  benzoic.  aa  33 ;  oL  bergamot.,  acid,  sulphu- 
ric. Ha  f  33 1  potassa  nitrat.  jjy ;  adipis,  Ibss.  To 
the  melted  lard  add  the  other  ingredients,  and 
etir  till  cold.  Use,  the  same  as  the  last;  bat  it 
is  more  stimulating. 

Uxouentcm  Sulph'ubib  Iod'idi,  Ointment  of 
Todide  of  Sulphur.  (Sulphur,  iodid.  gss;  adipis, 


th( 


Rob  the  iodide  with  a  little  of  the  lard ;  add 

e  remainder,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.)  An  excel* 
lent  application  in  chronio  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Subinux,  Crinomyron. 

Unoubntum  Tab'aci,  Tobacco  Ointment.  (Ta- 
bac.  recent,  concis.  Jj ;  adipis,  Ibj.  Boil  the  to- 
bacco in  the  lard,  over  a  gentle  fire,  till  it  be- 
comes friable ;  then  strain  through  linen.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Applied  to  irritable  ulcers,  tinea  capi- 
tis, Ac. 

Unoubntum  Tartari  Exbtict,  U.  antimonl 
tartarizati  — u.  Tartari  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tar- 
tarisati — u.  e  Tartaro  potassa  stibiati,  U.  anti- 
monii tartarizati — u.  Tartratis  potassa)  stibiati, 
U.  antimonii  tartarisati — u.  de  Terebinthinft  et 
adipibus,  U.  elemi  compositum  —  u.  de  Terebin- 
thinft,  et  ©era,  U.  de  althaea — n.  TerebinthinsB  et 
ovorum  vitelli,  U.  digestivum  simplex — u.  Tetra- 
pharmacum,  Basilicon,  U.  resins  nigra  —  u.  Trt- 
pharmaoum,  U.  plumbi  superacetatis — u.  Tutia, 
U.  oxidi  sinoi  impuri. 

Unoubntum  Vera'tri,  U.  V.  albi,  Unguentum 
heUeb'ori  albi,  White  hellebore  ointment.  (  Veratr. 
pulr.  Jy ;  adipis,  5viy ;  olei  limon.  TT^xx.)  Used 
in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is  objected  to.  It 
is  not  equally  efficacious. 

The  principal  ingredients  in  the  Edihburqx 
OnrrxxBT  are  white  hellebore  and  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

Unoubntum  ad  Vbbicata,  U.  lyttse — a.  ad 
Yesicatoria,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Veaicato- 
rium. 

Unoubntttm  Zinci,  Ung.  ox'idi  uinci,  U.  uinci 
oxidi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Zinc  ointment.  (Zinci  oxid. 
3j ;  adipis,  %vj.  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Unguentum  tutia, 

Unoubntum  Zinci  Oxidi,  U.  zinci. 

UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor,  Nail,  Ptery- 
gion — u.  Aria,  Hippocampus  minor — u.  Halleri, 
Hippocampus  minor  —  u.  Odoratus,  Blatta  By- 
zantia. 

Unguis  Ob,  Os  lachryma'li,  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  hum*»n  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  lachrymal 
gutter  and  the  nasal  duct  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid,  and 
inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle punctum  ossificationis, 

UNGULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago. 

UNGUIS  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

UNILOCULAR,  Unilocula'ris,  from  unus, 
1  one/  and  loeulus,  '  a  cell.'  Having  one  cell  or 
cavity,  as  Biloe'ular  means  having  two  cells  or 
cavities ;  multilobular,  having  many. 

UNIO,  Pearl. 

UNIOGULUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

UNIPARIENS,  Uniparous. 

UNIPARIENT,  Uniparous. 

UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient,  Unipariens,  from 
uihm,  'one/  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Pro- 
ducing one  at  a  birth. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA,  Pontede'ria  cor- 
da'ta,  Shovel  Piekerelweed,  Pond  Shovel,  Shovel, 
levf,  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Ord. 
PontederiacesB,  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
which  grows  in  water,  and  flowers  from  June  to 
August    The  root  is  emollient  and  astringent 

UNI'TING  BANDAGE,  (F.)  Bandage  unU- 
sant.  A  bandage  for  bringing  the  edges  of  4 
wound  into  approximation.  The  arrangement 
of  such  a  bandage  differs  acoording  as  the  wound 
is  transverse  or  longitudinal. 

UNIVOCAL  GENERATION,  see  Generation. 

UNOGULUS,  Borgne,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

UNORGANIZED,  Inorganic. 

UN8TRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  tee Mn#- 
oular  fibre. 


UNWELL 


88* 


URETHRA 


UNWELL,  see  Menstruation. 

UPAS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos  of 
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  Vegetable 
Poieon,  fpo,  Bohon  Upas,  Boa  Upae,  Pokon  An- 
tiar,  Boon  Upa*.  A  substance  used  by  the  na- 
tives of  those  places  for  poisoning  their  arrows. 
The  smallest  quantity  is  capable  of  destroying 
the  largest  animal  The  tree  which  produces  it 
is  said  to  be  the  Antia'rie  Toxica' ria.    Another 

Secies  of  upas,  the  U.  Tieuti,  is  the  produce  of  a4 
rychno*.  Many  idle  stories  are  told  regarding 
the  upas,  most  of  which  are  fabulous. 

U'RACHUS,  Wracu^  Urinac'ulum,  from  eveor, 
*  mine/  and  cgu,  'I  contain/  (F.)  Ouraqve.  The 
urachus,  in  certain  animals,  is  a  long  membranous 
canal,  which  arises  from  the  bladder,  makes  its 
exit  from  the  abdomen  by  the  umbilicus,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  pouch  called  allantoic.  According 
to  Sabatier,  this  is  the  arrangement  of  the  urachus 
in  the  human  foetus ;  but  Bichat  and  other  ana- 
tomists consider,  that  when  the  canal  exists  in  it, 
it  is  a  malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a  band 
of  suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  extending 
from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbilicus  j  and, 
«t  the  umbilicus,  confounded  with  the  abdominal 
aponeurosis. 

URAGRATIA,  Enuresis. 

URACUS,  Urachus. 

URJE'MIA,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  'aipa, 
4  blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it 
contains  urine  or  urea. 

URALI,  Curare. 

URANA,  Ureter. 

URANB,  Urinal. 

URANISCONT'TIS,  from  ovpavtnos,  'the  pa- 
late/ and  tii;  denoting  inflammation.  Palati'tis. 
Inflammation  of  the  palate. 

URANISCOPLAS'TICfi,  from  ovsovimo*  'the 
roof  of  the  mouth,'  and  nXaernces,  'forming/  The 
operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of  deficiency  of 
the  soft  palate. 

URANISCORRHAPHY,  Staphylorraphy. 

URANISQOS,  Palate. 

URANORRHAPHY,  Staphylorraphy. 

URAPOSTE'MA,  Abeeee'eve  vrtWeiu,  f/ros- 
eVsuz.  A  tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape 
of  urine.    An  abscess  containing  urine. 

URARI,  Curare. 

URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Urxu,  LitKate,  LitAat;  from  ovpov, 
'urine/  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  urio  or  lithio  acid  with  different 
bases.  Urate  or  LitKate  of  Soda  is  found  in 
arthritic  calculi : — Urate  or  Lithate  of  Ammo'nia 
in  some  urinary  calculi. 

URE'A,  Uren,  Uren'ium,  Wricum,  Materia 
tirt'no'nz,.  Prineip1 turn  sen  Sal  urino'tvm,  (F.) 
Urte.  Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly,  brilliant 
substance,  in  transparent  plates,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  cool  taste;  very  soluble  in  water;  deliques- 
cent, and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists,  in  great 
quantity,  in  the  urine ;  and  is  an  essential  part 
of  it  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic.  Dose,  gr. 
xrtoBj. 

UREC'CHYSIS,  Ureek'wU,  from  ovpov,  'urine/ 
and  tKxoots,  'effusion.'  Effusion  of  urine  into 
the  cellular  membrane. 

UREDO,  Urticaria. 

UBISe,  Urea. 

UREMA,  Urine. 

UREN,  Urea, 

URENIUM,  Urea. 

URENS,  Caustic 

UREORRHCEA,  Diabetes. 

URESLESTHESIS,  Diuresisesthesis. 

URESIS,  Micturition. 


URE'TBR.  Same  etymon  se  Urate.  Vrm 
Vena  alba  reman,  Cana'li*  ner'veiM  jbr*Lm* 
numf  Ductve  sen  Ductor  Uri'na,  Vat  wrm  rm 
(F.)  Uretire.  A  long,  excretory  canal— rain- 
nous  and  cylindrical — which  conYeys  tat  «n* 
from  the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  eitsi*-  * 
liqnely,  between  the  pelvis  of  the  kfotj,  fa: 
which  it  is  continuous,  and  the  bat  /•■*  of  a 
bladder,  into  which  it  opens.  It  eaten  *  as 
posterior  and  inferior  part,  for  some  disut»V 
tween  the  coats,  and  opens  into  the  canty  *- 
bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  7"m 
vtticaL  The  ureter  ia  formed  of  sa  tcr- 
white,  opake,  and  fibrous  membrane;  sad  a* 
inner,  which  is  mucous. 

URETERAL'GIA,  from  wpmrmp,  'ike  we 
and  a\yosf  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  coamWa 
ureter, — as  from  calculus,  UfrtermPeje  <■£%-* 

Ubbtbraloxjl  Caiculosa,  see  irtteap- 
n.  Inflammatoria,  Ureteritis. 

URBT&RB,  Ureter. 

URETER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  isehnrj.ii 
arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERITIS,  UreteraVgia  in/lanwr -'■» 
UreterophUgma'eia.  Inflammation  of  Ac  tag 
generally  caused  by  calculus. 

URETER0-LITH1CUS,  from  -^  * 
ureter/  and  Ai$o$,  'a  stone.'  An  epithet  k  .a 
to  ischury  or  other  affection  canted  by  »  sca- 
the ureter.  

URETER0L1THUS.  Same  etymon,  C*» 
lus  in  the  ureter. 

URETEROPHLEGMASIA,  Urtterias. 

URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS,  fro*  ■*» 
'the  ureter/  and  QXryp*,  'phlegm  or  s»^ 
Any  affection  caused  by  mucus 
the  ureter. 

URETERO-PY'ICUS,  fre 
ureter/  and  mov,  'pus.*    An  epithet  m  ,; 
fections  caused  by  the  presence  of  put  in  tf*  &* 

URBTERORRHAG"IA,  from  *****  : 
ureter/  and  pay*,  'rupture.'  HeawrbV^ 
the  ureter. 

URBTBRO-STOMAT'ICUB,  frosi  «r» 
'  the  ureter/  and  tm>fia,  '  orifice/  Tart  **j 
dependent  upon  obstruction  of  the  oris*  «  - 
ureter. 

URETERO-THROMBOI'DES,  tern  «r» 
1  the  ureter/  Spopfat,  (gnnou  bleed.' « 
'  resemblance.'    Ischury  from  grusMUf  ^  * 
the  ureter. 

URE'THRA,  eeprJjM,  Ccmv'K*  sea  Jfe'"" 
Ductve  vrina'rme,  Uriae,  Urttrm,  iVf*  ^ 
ria,  Iter  *rina'rimm  sen  CWW;  (F.1  ^""r 
Ur&tre,  from  ovpev,  'urine.*  The eierew?^ 
for  the  urine  in  both  sexes;  and  for  iht^: 
man.  In  the  Utter, a  is  8  or  lOinebei^  * 
extends  from  the  neck  of  the  bladder  to  * " 
tremity  of  the  penis,  in  which  its  extern  ^ 
tare  is  situate.  In  the  male  urethra,  tar* : 
tions  are  distinguished  :—l.  A  Preefetk  f^\ 
near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and  a  e*«*r 
length,  which  trarerses  the  prostate  tie*  * 
2.  A  tmombranome  portion,  JetAmn  vrt'ti*-  r* 
ure'thrm  WMnbrana'oe*,  from  8  U  1*^  ■ 
which  ia  separated  from  the  rectnm  by  *<  ** 
lar  tissue  only :— 3.  A  tnoney  portion  wb»  J 
pands,  anteriorly,  to  form  the  glass,  aei  ■* 
commences  at  the  bulb  «/  lie  «rceW^  *' 
opening  externally,  the  canal  has  a  **-. 
called  the  Foeea  or  Fomxe,ula  name***  * 
the  interior  of  the  urethra  two  white  i*  * 
perceptible  —  the  one  above,  the  ethe?  - 
The  latter  commences  at  the  wnww *****  j 
at  the  surface  of  this,  the  ojande**j  *** 
prostatic  duct*  open.  The  urethra  is  b**i  -, 
whole  extent,  by  a  mucous  numerate;  cc  <>* 


URETHRAL 


m 


URINARY 


an  wen,  particularly  at  the  bulb,  the  oriflees  of 
a  number  of  follicular  duct8,  Lacuna  or  Sintuet 
of  Morgagni.  At  about  an  inch  and  a  half  from 
the  opening  of  the  meatus,  one  of  these  lacunas  ie 
generally  found,  much  larger  than  the  rest,  and 
is  named  Lacuna  Magna.  The  arteries  of  the 
urethra  are  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  in- 
ternal pudic,  —  the  largest  branches  entering  the 
bulb.  The  veins  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries. 
The  lymphatics  pass  into  the  inguinal  and  hypo- 
gastric plexuses.  The  nerves  come  from  the  pu- 
dic and  gluteal.  In  the  female,  the  urethra  is 
only  about  an  inch  long.  It  is  wider  than  in 
man,  and  susceptible  of  great  dilatation.  It  is 
very  wide  at  its  commencement ;  and  descends 
obliquely  forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mea'tue 
ttrina'riuM.  In  its  coarse,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

Urethra,  Blind  Ducts  of  the,  see  Caecus  — 
u.  Mucous  lacunae  of  the,  see  Caecus. 

TJRE'THRAL,  Urethra'lit.  Ure'thricue,  from 
ovprjQpa,  *  the  urethra.'    Relating  to  the  urethra. 

URETHRAL'GIA,  from  ovptjdpa,  <  the  urethra,' 
and  a\yos,  *  pain.'  Pain  in  the  urethra.  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

URETHRE,  Urethra. 

URETHREMPHRAXIS,  Urethrophraxis. 

URETHRITIS,  Gonorrhoea. 

URETHROBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  ovm#pa, 
'  the  urethra,'  p\iwa,  '  mucus,'  and  pm, '  I  flow.' 
Gonorrhoea;  gleet. 

URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA,  see  Li- 
thotomy. 

URETHROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM 
IA,  see    Lithotomy. 

URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA,  see 
Lithotomy. 

URETHRORSMORRHAGIA,  Urethrorrha- 
gia. 

URETHROPHRAX'IS,  Urethremphrax'i; 
from  ovpn^fxx,  *  the  urethra,'  and  ^pactw,  *  I  ob- 
struct.'     Obstruction  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROPLAS'TIC,  Urethroplasties;  from 
ovpr&pa,  '  the  urethra,'  and  rXaoaw,  *  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  nrethroplatty  which 
supplies  defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra  through 
which  the  urine  escapes. 

URETIIRORR HA'G IA,  Urethrohemorrka'. 
Ota,  Caulorrha'gia  §tiUatit"ia,  Hamatu'ria  etil- 
latit"ia,  from  ovpnSpa,  '  the  urethra/  and  pnywpi, 
4 1  break  out'  Hemorrhage  from  the  urethra.  — 
Frank. 

URETHRORRHCE'A,  from  ovprfpa,  'the  ure- 
thra,' and  piu,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  any  kind 
from  the  urethra. 

URETHROSTENOSIS,  Strietu'ra  ure'thra, 
Uroetcno'eie,  from  ovpqdpa,  'the  urethra,'  and 
*rci*)0tf,  '  narrowness.'    Stricturo  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROT'OMUS,  (F.)  Urethrotome,  from 
•vp&pa,  'the  urethra,'  and  rtpvm,  'I  cut'  An 
instrumentsso  called  by  Le  Cat,  with  which  be 
divided  the  skin,  and  hud  open  the  urethra,  in 
the  operation  for  lithotomy.  Also,  an  instrument 
for  dividing  strictures  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROTOMY,  Urethrotome  a  ;  same  ety- 
mon. An  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
the  urethra  for  the  removal  of  stricture.  See 
•Bovtonniere. 

URETHRYMENO'DES,  from  ovprfpo,  'the 
urethra,'  and  'vptiv,  '  *  membrane/  That  which 
»  caused  by  a  membrane  formed  in  the  urethra. 

URETICUS,  Diuretie,  Urinary. 

URETRA,  Urethra. 

URJtTRE,  Urethra. 

URETRIS,  Urinal. 

URIAS,  Fistula,  (urinary,)  Urethra. 


URIASIS,  Lithia,  Uresis. 

URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  u'ricum,  Ac"idum  tuw. 
Htk'icum,  Acidum  lith'icum,  Litkie  Acid,  Urwlic 
Acid.  An  acid  which  exists  in  human  urine, 
chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  in  the  form  of  urate  of  soda 
or  urate  of  ammonia,  and  which  in  combination 
constitutes  the  greater  part  of  urinary  calculi. 
It  is  often  deposited  from  the  urino  in  health. 
See  Calculi,  urinary. 

URIC  OXIDE,  Ox'idum  u'ricum,  Xanthie  ox- 
ide, Xanthine,  Uroue  acid.  A  substance  not  dis- 
covered in  healthy  urine,  although  probably  bear- 
ing some  relation  to  the  yellow  colouring  matter. 
It  is  a  very  rare  ingredient  of  calculous  concre- 
tions, and  little  is  known  either  of  its  chemical  or 
pathological  history. 

URICUM,  Urea. 

URICUS,  Urinary. 

URINA  CEREBELLA,  see  Cerebella— u.  Chy- 
li,  see  Urine  —  u.  Cibi,  see  Urine  —  u.  Diabetica, 
Urine,  diabetic  —  u.  Febrilis,  Urine,  febrile  —  n. 
Furfuraoea,  see  Furfuraceous — u.  Galactodes,  see 
Galactoses — u.  Genitalis,  Sperm — u.  Jumentosa 
sen  Jumentaria,  Urine,  jumentous  —  u.  Mucosa, 
Cystirrhoea  —  u.  Nephelodes,  see  Nepheloid  —  u. 
Oroboides  sen  Orobodes,  see  Oroboides  — u.  Peri- 
cardii, see  Pericardium  —  u.  Potus,  see  Urine  — 
u.  Sanguinis,  see  Urine — u.  Vaccra,  Urine,  cows'. 

URINACULUM,  Urachus,  Urinal. 

URINjE  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes  —  u.  Sup- 
pressio,  Ischuria — u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury — XL 
Substillum,  Strangury. 

U'RINAL,  Urinato'rium,  Chernib'ium,  tyrant, 
Ure'trit,  Urinac'ulum,  Urodochium,  Urod'ochi, 
Urodoche'um,  Uratra'cium,  Jfatra'cium,  Mat'ula, 
Matel'la  ;  from  tirina,  '  urine.'    A  name  given, 

1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to  pass  the  urine  into. 

2.  To  reservoirs,  of  different  shapes  and  charac- 
ter, which  are  adapted  to  the  penis,  in  cases  of 
incontinence  of  urine,  and  which  are  intended  to 
receive  the  urine  as  it  flows  off. 

URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

U'RINARY,  Urina'riue,  Urina'lie,  Urino' eve, 
U'ricue,  Uret'icue.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
relates  to  the  urine. 

Urinary  Bladder,  Vcei'ca  Urina'ria,  Cyetie, 
Urocy*'ii»,  (F.)  Vesste.  A  musculo-membranous 
reservoir,  intended  for  the  reception  of  the  urine, 
until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain  quantity  so- 
licits its  excretion.  The  bladder  is  situate  in  the 
hypogastric  region,  between  the  rectum  and  pubis 
in  man ;  and  between  the  pubis  and  vagina  in  the 
female.  Its  upper  region  is  not  covered,  except 
by  the  peritoneum,  posteriorly.  From  its  centre 
arises  the  urachut.  Its  lower  region  is  bounded, 
anteriorly,  by  the  prostate,  in  man ;  and  rests  on 
the  vesiculss  seminales  and  rectum?  In  the  fe- 
male, it  corresponds  to  the  vagina.  The  lowest 
portion  of  this  region  bears  the  name  Bat-fond. 
The  anterior  surface  of  the  organ  is  not  coverod 
by  peritoneum.  It  is  attached  to  the  symphysis 
pubis  by  a  fibro-cellular  expansion  called  the  an- 
terior ligament.  The  posterior  ligaments  are 
duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum  on  its  posterior 
surface,  which  extend  from  this  surface  to  the 
rectum  in  the  male,  and  to  the  uterus  in  the  fe- 
male. The  bladder  is  composed  of  a  serous  mem- 
brane, formed  by  the  peritoneum ; — of  a  muscular 
membrano ;  of  a  somewhat  thick  layer  of  areolar 
tissue;  and  is  lined  on  its  inner  surface,  by  a 
mucous  membrane,  which  is,  sometimes,  raised 
up,  here  and  there,  in  long  prominences  or  columns 
by  the  muscular  fibres  beneath.  To  this  condi- 
tion, the  French  anatomists  give  the  term — weeim 
ct  colonnee.  In  the  ba*~fond  the  two  ureters  open, 
and  the  urethra  commences;  and  the  triangular 


CRHffATORIUM 


urine 


tpeee,  which  the  apertures  of  these  three  canals 
leave  between  them,  is  called,  by  the  French,  the 
TrigSme  vieieal  or  Vesical  Triangle,  Trigo'nus 
■en  Trigo'num  veri'cm  eeu  Lieutau'du  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  if  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  if,  at  its  lower  part,  a 
more  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  which  if  formed 
by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Trigone  vieieal,  and 
if  called  the  Vesical  uvula,  Uvula  veei'ca,  (F.) 
Luette  veeicale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which  are 
more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into  the 
hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  tho  hypogastric 
ganglia. 

Urinary  Calculi.  The  calculi  which  form 
in  the  urinary  passages.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Voiee  urinairee.  The 
aggregate  of  canals  and  cavities  intended  to  con- 
tain the  urine  and  convey  it  externally.  These 
way  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts,  which 
form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  kidney;  of 
calices ;  pelvis ;  ureters ;  bladder ;  and  urethra. 

URINATORIUM,  Urinal. 

URINE,  Uri'na,  Wron,  Ure'ma,  Lofium,  Lot, 
La  pi 9  au'reus,  Omich'ma,  Recremen'ta  sen  Relri- 
men'ta  vcti'cat,  Aqua  pedum,  Aqua.  An  exere- 
mentitial  fluid ;  secreted  by  the  cortical  part  of 
the  kidney ;  filtered  through  the  tubular  portion; 
poured  guttatim  from  the  apices  of  the  tubular 
papillae  into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney ;  and  trans- 
mitted by  it  to  the  ureters;  which  convey  it 
slowly,  but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  blad- 
der, where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumu- 
lation excites  a  desire  to  void  it  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra ;  and 
is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal  muscles 
and  diaphragm  and  the  contraction  of  the  fibrous 
coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is  transparent ;  of  a 
citron-yellow  colour ;  of  a  peculiar  odour,  and  of 
An  acid,  saline,  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  That 
which  is  passed  some  time  after  taking  fluid,  is 
less  coloured,  and  less  odorous  and  dense  than 
that  which  is  voided  7  or  8  hours  after  eating. 
The  first  is  the  Uri'na  potue,  (F.)  Urine  de  la 
Boieeon,  Urine  from  drink  :  —  the  latter  Uri'na 
ean'guinie,  (F.)  Urine  de  la  digestion,  Urine  de 
la  coetion,  Urine  cuite,  Ooeted  urine,  Urine  of  di- 
gestion. Three  distinct  varieties  of  urine  may, 
according  to  Dr.  Goldmg  Bird,  be  recognised: 
Firet.  That  passed  some  little  time  after  drinking 
freely  of  fluids,  which  is  generally  pale,  and  of 
low  specifio  gravity— 1.003  to  1.009—  Urina  po- 
tue.  Secondly,  That  secreted  after  the  digestion 
of  a  full  meal;  s.g.  1.020  to  1.028,  or  even  1.030 
—  Urina  chyli  vel  cibi.  Thirdly,  That  secreted 
independently  of  the  immediate  stimulus  of  food 
and  drink,  as  after  a  night's  rest,  which  is  usually 
of  average  density — 1.015  to  1.025,  and  presents 
the  essential  characters  of  urine — Urina  tan- 
guinie. 

The  following  are  the  ordinary  constituents  of 
healthy  human  urine : — urea,  uric  acid,  [hippuric 
acid ;]  extractive  matters,  embracing  alcohol  ex- 
tract, spirit  extract,  and  water  extract,  with  their 
respective  constituents ;  mucus ;  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (hmmaphgdin ;)  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (uroery  thrin ;)  carbonic,  lao- 
tlo,  hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic, 
and  hydrofluorio  acids;  soda;  potassa;  ammo- 
nia :  lime ;  magnesia ;  and  peroxide  of  iron.  The 
proportion  of  solid  matters  in  1000  parts  of  urine 
may  vary  from  20  to  70.  The  following  table 
expresses  the  relative  amounts  of  the  different 
components  in  every  100  parts  of  the  solid 


ter,  according  to  the  analysis  of  dhtoat  ok 


Urea,  42.10 

Uric  Arid,  1  JO 

Extractive  matter,  1 
Ammonia,  Salts,  1»M 
and   Chloride  off3**' 
Sodium,  I 

Alkaline  Sulphate*.  10J0 
Alkaline  Phosphates,  &S3 
Phosphates  of  lime  J    ,  «» 
and  magnesia,      {    x 


49j68 
1J61 

3U» 
l.« 

2&* 

42* 

£f 

me 

an 

IS 

1J97 


1J9       Ui 


Its  average  specific  gravity  if  about  1.01 5.  Ts 
quantity  passed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hoars  n- 
ries.  On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  n 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  h 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearance!  & 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  tbit  *sr. 
is  characterised  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  succ 
generally,  has  been  called  Hudru'ria,  {**«*,  ti- 
ter ;')  by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Amxzota'ne,  » 
privative,  and  asote;)  by  a  superaboiMbs^  i 
urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine  in  which  the  dq»*: 
consists  of  lithic  add,  and  the  lithates,  has  bit- 
termed  Litku'ria  ;  and  that  in  which  the  do--: 
consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alkaline  p- 
phates,  Phoephu'ria  Ccramu'ria,  (ispcs*.  'prffe* 
earth,')  <fcc,  <fcc  At  times,  a  pellicle  formi  r*  ? 
surface  (Cremor  urinat)  which  consists  of  arJ 
and  some  salts :  at  others,  there  is  a  cloud.  ^ 
bec'ula,  nubee,)  towards  its  upper  part  which  -- 
called  Enawre'ma  when  it  is  suspend*!.  «  - 
were,  about  the  middle  of  the  liquid.  Ooea?>* 
ally,  there  is  a  sediment,  to  which  the  name  B- 
pot'tatie,  Sedimen'tum,  Ac,  have  been  given.  i» 
these  various  words.)  The  urine  is  often  dat- 
ing of  attention  in  disease ;  but  it  has  has  r» 
sidered  a  matter  of  more  importance  this  J  st- 
ilts. Some  empirics  have  presumed  to  proc^a« 
on  the  nature  of  disease  by  simply  inspect:  i 
See  Uroscopy. 

Human  urine  was,  at  one  time,  considered  if*- 
rient;  and  was  given  in  jaundice,  in  the  dwrf 
one  or  two  ounces.  Cow*a  urine,  Urine  IV*. 
AUflower  water,  was  once  used,  warm  froe  ik 
cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of  Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  cr  Pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  «*•  -J 
example: — 

Urine,  Avm'uic,  Uri'na  anev'micm.  U«d-^ 
not  felicitously,  for  the  form  of  urine  that  oecfii 
in  anssmia,  chlorosis,  Ac — BeoqnereL 

URINE  ARDENTE,  Ardent  urine-o.R*fc 
Hematuria — «.  de  la  Boieeon,  Urine,  hyttaiab 
see  Urine— «.  de  la  Ooetion,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Crude,  (F.)  Urine  em.  Urine  dais 
thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured,  if*t 
ing  neither  cloud  nor  depoaite. 

URINE  CRUE,  Urine,  crude—*,  ftfe  " 
Urine. 

Urine,  Ctstxxic,  Oustinu'ria.  Urine  eoaoa- 
ing  cystine  or  cystic  oxide  in  solanos,**' 
deposits. 

Urine,  Diabetic,  Uri'na  rftaeVtirc.  fit* 
passed  in  Diabetes  mellitue,  Melitu'rie.  h  At- 
tains a  large  quantity  of  sugar  analogous  to 6* 
of  the  grape,  which  may  be  separated  is  the  fc* 
of  crystals.  In  other  respects,  the  Brine  u  «7 
abundant  and  very  limpid  in  that  affection. 

URINE  BE  LA  DIGESTION,  ttt  Fris* 

Urinb,  Drop'sical,  is  an  ammoniaeal  «** 
often  containing  much  albumen  and  scareeJT*? 
urea. 

Urine,  Dtspep'tic,  has  been  found  to  fffef- 
tate  tannin  abundantly,  and  to  soon  potrtfy. 

URINE  &PAISSB,  Urine,  mucilagioo* 

Urine,  Febrile,  Uri'na  /ebrClie.  Triae  & 
charged  in  '"fl*-"1  "natron  and  inn'nwiin*fcT  *^ 


URINE 


889 


UROPYGION 


Urine,  Filamentous,  see  Filamentous. 

Urine,  Floc'culent,  (F.)  Urine  floconneuee, 
is  when  the  fluid  ia  troubled  by  flooeuli,  suspend- 
ed in  it 

Urine,  Furfura'ceous,  see  Furfuraoeous — «. 
Floeonnetue,  Urine,  floeoulent — u.  dee  Ooutteux, 
Urine,  gouty. 

Urine,  Gouty,  (F.)  Urine  dee  goutteux,  eon- 
tains  much  phosphate  of  lime,  and,  after  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the  uric 
and  rosaeio  acids. 

URINE  HUILEUSE,  Urine,  oily. 

Urine,  Hystbr'ical,  is  dear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  the  Urine  de  la  Boitnon. 

Urine,  Icter'ical,  contains  bile. 

Urine,  Incontinence  of,  Enuresis. 

Urinb  of  Inflammatory  Diseases.  This 
Is,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

Urinb,  Involuntary  Discharge  of,  Enuresis. 

Urinb,  Juven'tous,  Uri'na  jumento'ea  seuju- 
menta'ria,  (F.)  Urine  Jumenteuee.  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  ammoniacal  urine,  rendored 
turbid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  grains  of 
dust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

URINE  LACTESCBNTE,V.  milky— u. Lai- 
teuee,  Urine,  milky. 

Urine,  Milky,  (F.)  Urine  lacteeeente  on  lai~ 
teuee.    White  and  troubled  urine. 

Urine,  Mucilag"inous,  (F.)  Urine  Spaieee. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Urine,  Nervous.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine; 
such  as  is  passed  shortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous diseases. 

Urine  of  Nervous  Fevers  is  generally  very 
thin ;  and  often  deposits  a  mixture  of  uric  and 
rosaeio  acids. 

Urine,  Oily,  (F.)  Urine  Kuilcuee,  is  that  which 
pours  like  oil,  or  which  has  an  oily  pellicle  at  its 
surface. 

Urine,  Oxal'ic,  Oxalu'ria.  Urine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalie  acid. 

Urine,  PH0SPH0RE9'cRNT,PAo»pAoru'rta,PAo#- 
phu'ria.  Urine  whieh  is  luminous  or  phospho- 
rescent. 

Urine,  Pur'puric,  see  Porphyron*. 

Urine,  Rick'ety,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Urine,  Sandt,  Arenosa  nrina — n.  Stoppage  of, 
Ischuria — u.  Ttnue,  Urine,  thin. 

Urine,  Thin,  (F.)  Urine  ttnue.  Urine  that  is 
transparent,  slightly  coloured,  and  but  little  dense. 

URINIF'EROUS,  Urinifer,  from  ovpov,  'urine/ 
and  fero,  *  I  carry/    That  which  carries  urine. 

Uriniparous  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

Urinif'erous  Tubes  or  Ducts  op  Bblli'ni, 
Tu'buli  vel  dueftue  uriniferi  Belli' ni,  Tu'buli 
BeUi'ni,  Bellinia'ni  Ductus,  Bellini  a' n<*  Fio'tules. 
The  collection  of  small  tabes,  converging  from 
the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney  to  the  apices  of 
the  papill®. 

URINODBS,  Urinous. 

URINOM'ETER,  from  ovpov,  '  urine/  and  ptr- 
pov,  '  measure.'  A  small  hydrometer  for  taking 
the  specific  gravity  of  urine.  The  urinometer 
suggested  by  Dr.  Prout  is  divided  into  60  degrees, 
the  sero  being  the  point  at  which  it  floats  in  dis- 
tilled water.  The  numbers  on  the  scale  added  to 
1000,  the  specific  gravity  of  water,  give  the  par- 
ticular specific  gravity :  thus,  supposing  the  num- 
ber cut  by  the  surface  of  the  liquid  to  be  30,  it 
would  indicate  a  s.  g.  of  1.030.  The  letters  H.  S. 
on  the  baok  of  the  scale  mean  "  healthy  stand- 
ard," which  ranges  from  10°  to  20°. 

U'RINOUS,  Urino'em,  Urin&dee.  Having  the 
character  of  urine.    Similar  to  urine. 


UROCE'LE,  (Ede'mxa  ecroti  urino'eum,  Uro&- 
cheocJU,  Oeeheoce'U  urina'lie, from  ovpov,  'urine/ 
and  itrfXri,  'a  rupture.'  A  tumour  of  the  scrotum, 
owing  to  the  effusion  of  urine  into  the  same,  and 
into  the  areolar  tissue. 

UROCHES'IA,  Uroehee'ia,  from  ovpov,  'urine/ 
and  xc£uv, '  to  go  to  stool.'  A  discharge  of  urine 
by  the  bowels. 

UROCRASIA,  Enuresis. 

UROCRIS'IA,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  icptw, 
'  I  judge.'  Uroerite'rion.  A  judgment  formed 
either  of  the  urine,  or  of  disease  after  inspecting 
the  urine. 

UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia. 

UROCYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder. 

UROCYSTITI8,  Cystitis. 

UROCYSTOCATARRHUS,  Cystarrhoea. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  St*. 
Awe,  '  dissolution,  loss  of  strength.'  A  partial 
and  temporary  suspension  of  the  function  of  the 
kidney,  such  as  occurs  in  the  course  of  most 
acute  diseases.  A  condition  of  the  function  of 
the  kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that  ob- 
served in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local  mis- 
chief or  preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has  been 
termed,  when  occurring  in  children,  Urodial'veie 
Neonatorum  /  in  the  aged,  Urodialytie  Senum. — 
Sch6*nlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal. 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  eivvn, 
'  pain.'    Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 

URCEDEMA,  Urapostema. 

UROGENITAL,  Urogenital 'lie,  Gen'ito-u'ri- 
nary,  Oen'ito-urina'riu*.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  urinary  and  genital  apparatuses. 

Urogenital  Sinus,  Sinue  uro-aenita'lie.  A 
cavity  or  canal  in  the  embryo  of  the  mammalia 
opening  externally,  in  which  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  Wolffian  bodies,  the  ureters  and  the  effe- 
rent parts  of  the  generative  apparatus,  terminate 
internally.  It  is  prolonged  into  the  urachus. 
Subsequently  it  becomes  separated  by  a  process 
of  division  into  a  pare  urina'ria  and  a  part  ge- 
nitalia. The  former,  extending  towards  the  ura- 
chus, is  converted  into  the  urinary  bladder; 
whilst  from  the  latter  are  formed  the  veeicuUa 
eeminolee  in  the  male,  and  the  middle  portion  of 
the  uterus  in  the  female. — J.  MUUer. 

UROLITHI,  Calculi,  urinary. 

UROLITHIASIS,  Lithia. 

UROLITHOLOG"IA;  from  ovpov,  'urine/ 
At00*  'a  stone/  and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  urinary  calculi. 

UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 

UROMANTI'A,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  pav- 
rtia,  '  divination.'  The  art  of  divining  diseases 
by  simple  inspection  of  the  urine;  Urooco'pia. 
One  professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is  called  Uro- 
man' tee.    Vulgarly,  a  water-doctor. 

UROMPH'ALUS,  Hernia  Wrachi.  A  mon- 
strosity, which  consists  in  the  protrusion  of  the 
urachus  at  the  umbilious. 

URON,  Urine. 

URON'CUS,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  oyeos,  'a 
swelling.'    A  urinary  swelling. 

URONOL'OGY,  Uronolog,fia,  from  ovpov, 
'urine/  and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  The  part  of 
medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 

UROPHTHISIS,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

UROPLA'NIA,  from  ovpov,  'urine/  and  *\avth 
'wandering.'  The  presence  of  urine  in  other 
parts  than  the  urinary  organs. 

UROPOE'SIS,  Uropole'eie,  from  ovpov,  'urine, 
and  *o<«*,  '  I  make.'  Secre'tio  uri'na  sou  Wtiu 
The  secretion  of  urine  by  the  kidney. 

UROPOIESIS,  Uropoesis. 

UROPYGION,  Coecyx. 


UROPYGIUM 


890 


UTERUS 


TJROPYGIUM,  Croupion. 

URORRHAGIA,  Diabetes. 

TJRORRH(EA,  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 

UROSCHEOCELE,  Urocele. 

UROSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 

URO'SES,  from  ovpov,  <  urine.'  Diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs. — Alibert 

UROS'TEALITH,  Uroeteal'ithoe,  from  ovpov, 
'urine/  vreap,  *  suet,'  and  \i$of,  'stone.'  A  pecu- 
liar fatty  ingredient  of  urinary  calculi,  discovered 
by  Heller. 

UROSTENOSIS,  Urethrostenosis. 

UROUS  ACID,  Uric  oxide. 

UROZEMIA,  Diabetes  —  u.  Albuminosa,  Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the— u.  Mellita,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

URTI'CA,  U.  Dioi'ca  seu  major  sea  hie'pida, 
Pwr'eikrum,  the  Common  Hinging  nettle,  Ad'iei, 
(F.)  Ortte.  Family,  Urticese.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Monoe- 
eia  Tetrandria.  This  plant  has  been  long  used 
for  medical  and  culinary  purposes.  The  young 
shoots,  in  the  spring,  are  considered  to  possess 
diuretic  and  antiscorbutic  properties. 

Urtica.  Balearic!,  U.  pilulifera —  u.  Dioica, 
Urtica  —  u.  Hispida,  Urtica  —  u.  Iners  magna 
fostidissima,  Galeopsis  —  u.  Major,  U.  dioica — u. 
Minor,  U.  urens  —  u.  Mortua,  Lamium  album. 

Urtica  Pilulif'era,  Pill-bearing  Nettle,  U. 
Pilule' ea  seu  Roma'na  sen  Balea'rica,  (F.)  Ortie 
Bomaine.  The  seed  was  formerly  given  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest 

Urtica  Pilulosa,  U.  pilulifera— u.  Roman,  U. 
pilulifera. 

Urtica  Urehs,  U.  minor,  Dwarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  brulanie.  A  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 

Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

URTICA  IRE,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'RIA,/rom  urtica,  'a  nettle;'  Enan- 
the'eu  urtica'ria,  Ure'do,  Scarlati'na  urtica' ta, 
Cnido'eie,  Urtica'ria  porcel'lana,  Exanthe'ma  «r- 
tica'tum,  Epinyc'ti*  prurigino'ea,  Febrie  urtica'ta, 
Purpura  urticata,  Febrie  rubra  prurigino'ea, 
Saltans  rota,  (F.)  Urticaire,  Fiivre  Ortie,  Porce- 
taine,  Nettle-rath;  vulgarly  Hives,  Bold  Hive*; 
from  urtica,  '  a  nettle/  because  the  eruption  re- 
sembles that  produced  by  the  stings  of  a  nettle. 
A  disease  distinguished  by  those  elevations  of  the 
cuticle  called  wheal*.  They  have  a  white  top, 
and  are  often  surrounded  by  a  diffuse  redness. 
They  excite  intolerable  itching,  especially  when 
the  person  is  warm  in  bed.  The  eruption  fre- 
quently goes  and  comes  once  or  more  in  the  24 
hours,  and  is  generally  dependent  upon  gastric 
derangement.  In  some  people,  nettle-rash  is  in- 
duced by  shell-fish,  eggs,  nuts,  Ac  It  is  not 
usually  a  disease  of  any  consequence,  and  its 
treatment  is  limited  to  the  use  of  absorbent  laxa- 
tives, and  simple  general  means.  Willan  has  de- 
scribed six  varieties  of  the  complaint; — Urtica'ria 
febri'lU,  U.  evan'ida,  U.  per*tan*t  U.  confer'ta, 
U.  eubcuta'nea,  and  U.  tuber  o'sa. 

Urticaria  Porcellana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'TIO,  Cnido'tia,  Urtica'tion,  from  nrft- 
eo,  'a  nettle.'  A  sort  of  flagellation,  with  net- 
tles ; — used  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the  skin. 

URUCU,  Terra  Orleans. 

URYLIC  ACID,  Uric  add. 

USNEA,  Lichen  saxatilis  —  u.  Florida  hirta, 
Lichen  plicatus  —  u.  Hirta,  Lichen  plicatus  —  u. 
Plieata,  Lichen  plicatus 

USSACU,  Hura  Bramliensis. 

USTILAGO,  Ergot 

U6TIO,  Burn,  Ustion. 

USTION,  Wtio,  Oau*i*t  from  urere,  uttum,  'to 
burn.'  The  act  of  burning  or  of  applying  the  actual 
cautery.   Also  the  effect  of  cauterisation ;  a  burn. 


USTULA'TIO,  Utula'Hon,   A. 

operation  by  which  a  substance  is  dried  bj  bat 

USUALIA,  Officinala. 

USUS,  Habit 

UTER,  Uterus. 

UTERI  ADSCENSUS,  Hysteria-*,  liter* 
sio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Carcuwnu,  Xa> 
carcinoma — u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Loriacaei- 
cis — u.  Cory  ia,  Leucorrhoea — u.  Exnleentk,  fc 
terelcosis — u.  Flexio,  Hysteroloxia— a.  hea> 
tio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Obliquitas,  HysteroJ-ia- 
u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior  — a  Pros 
Nymphomania — u.  Reflexio  complete,  Br*r> 
loxia  posterior  —  u.  Retroversio,  Hysteria 
posterior  —  u.  Rheuma,  Leucorrhoea— a  V-a 
Hysterelcosis  —  u.  Vexsio  incompleta,  Hj»- 
loxia. 

U'TERINE,  Uteri'nue,  from  ulenw,  4tt«»ai 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  wonk. 

UteRIKE  ARTERT,  ArU'ria  hIcWm  ljpf  • 
trica.  Its  size  is  always  in  a  ratio  *<tfc  -' 
greater  or  less  state  of  development  of  tbt  *w- 
It  arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  Kpui'-' 
or  with  the  umbilical,  or  from  the  intern!  f**. 
passes  upon  the  lateral  parte  of  the  wft*'- 
which  it  gives  branches ;  and  afterward}  «£» 
on  the  sides  of  the  uterus,  and  divides  int  -  »«■> 
siderable  number  of  very  tortuous  Iro^ 
which  enter  the  tissue  of  the  organ. 

Uterine  Muscle  of  Ruysch  eoottai  <** 
fleshy  fibres  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  n- 
he  regarded  as  forming  a  particular  bhk.'- 

UTERI'NUS  FRATER.  In  law,  i  u& 
by  the  mother's  side. 

UTERO-ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTED* 
Belt,  Russian. 

UTERO-QESTATION,  Pregnancy. 

UTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

U'TERUS,  Iter,  Utric'ulu;  L<xi,U* V" 
bret,  Vulva,  Venter,  Arvmm  natn'ra,  ('•*",■  *" 
ulttm,  Matrix,  Ager  natu'ra,  ffyt'tf^  *'n 
Stera,  An'gue,  Delphye,  Alvm*,  Ep*/-  " 
Gatter,  Mater,  Nedy;  Poetrema,  the  U"  *  ' 
Ma  trice,  Sein.  The  uterus,  destined  t  1  >h  ' 
foetus  from  the  commencement  of  eoort|t :*■ 
birth,  is  a  hollow  symmetrical  organ.  U'.-c:  -' 
shape  of  a  truncated  conoid :  it  is  «h»»k  c 
pelvis,  between  the  bladder  and  the  rectan-  * 
the  vagina,  and  below  the  convolarir*  - 
small  intestine.  The  uterus  is  flatten^ :r^" 
fore  to  behind,  and  is  nearly  an  isch  in  il^^ 
It  is  two  inches  broad  at  its  highest  p*1  c* 
becomes  narrower  towards  the  vasjins ;  *£*"* 
ting  in  a  contracted  portion,  called  it* "  '- 
neck,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  rest  of  lb<  ^ 
called  the  body.  From  its  fumdm  or  opr ' 
tion,  the  Fallopian  tubes  pass  off.  Tbea**^ 
called  O*  Vteri  or  Oe  Time:  The  esrity  *r* 
small,  and  its  parietes  are  thick.  The  p*>4^ 
the  cavity  corresponding  with  the  bodr  ir  6"fr 
gular  and  flattened.  Its  superior  snclft  F*- 
the  extremely  fine  orifices  of  the  Fali^-Ua  v-r 
The  cavity  of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilakd  h ■' 
opening  into  the  vagina.    The  uteres  i*  wBP" 

1.  Of  a  eeroue  membrane.  This  u  eiurw  •- 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum ;  which  is  **-  ^ 
upon  the  uterus  from  the  posterior  rarfc*  >•:  - 
bladder  and  the  anterior  surface  of  tie  i**1 
It  forms,  also,  the  broad  ligamenU  *f  tk  ^ 
Ligamen'ta  lata,  Ala  veepertilio'nit, £<"* '  " 
These  contain,  above,  the  Fallopian  ta^- 
neath  and  anteriorly,  the  round  Ijgaaes"  t' 
behind,  the  ovary.  They  are  two  bks**' 
productions  or  duplicatures  of  the  P*rif'p. 
sent  from  the  edges  of  the  uterus  and  F*:r; 
extremity  of  the  vagina,  in  a  transverse  dr**- 
to  be  fixed  to,  and  line,  the  side  of  u*  P  ^ 

2.  Of  a  mucou*  membrane,  which  »  »       ' 


UTRICLB 


891 


TJVUUTIS 


tion  of  that  of  tbo  vagina,  and  extends  into  the 
tabes.  3.  Of  a  proper  tieeue,  whose  thickness  is 
considerable.  It  is  of  a  close  texture ;  is  grayish 
and  elastic ;  and  resists  the  instrument  that  di- 
vides it  Its  intimate  nature  is  but  little  known. 
During  gestation  it  is  truly  muscular.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  uterus  prooeed  from  the  spermatic  and 
hypogastric.  Its  veins  follow  the  same  course, 
and  bear  the  same  name  as  the  arteries.  They 
are  very  tortuous,  and  form  large  sinuses  in  tho 
parietes  of  the  organ,  called  U'terine  Si'nueee. 
Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogas- 
tric plexuses.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
multiplied ;  and  during  pregnancy  acquire  enor- 
mous dimensions.  The  changes  experienced  by 
the  uterus  during  gestation,  and  after  delivery, 
are  very  numerous  and  important  to  be  known. 
They  regard  its  situation,  direction,  sue,  shape, 
texture,  connexions,  vital  properties,  Ac. 

Uterus,  Abdomen — u.  Anteversion  of  the, 
Hysteroloxia  anterior. 

Uterus  Bif'idus.  A  double  uterm.  One  se- 
parated into  two  cavities. 

Uterus  Duplex,  Dihysteria — u.  Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the,  Chat  on — u.  Inclinatus,  Hyste- 
roloxia. 

Uterus,  Ir'ritable,  Neural' gia  of  the  Uterus. 
A  disease  characterixed  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins ;  generally  diminished  by  lying  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for  a 
few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation, 
On  examination  per  vaginam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure;  and  the  cervix  and 
body  slightly  swollen,  but  not  usually  indurated. 
It  is  an  obstinate  affection,  but  frequently  ends 
of  itself  after  years  of  suffering.  The  treatment 
must  be, —  the  horizontal  posture;  local  blood- 
letting to  the  uterus;  emollients;  soothing  in- 
jections ;  narcotics,  warm  bath,  Ac.  See  Hyste- 
ralgia. 

Uterus,  Iitversioh  of  the,  Inter1  eio  Uteri, 
Metranae'trophi,  ^Edopto'eie  Uteri  inver'ea,  (F.) 
Inversion  de  la  Matrice,  Benvertement  de  la  Ma- 
trice.  The  uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside 
out  This  can  only  happen  through  want  of  cau- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  medical  practitioner.  It 
Is  a  fatal  accident,  unless  speedily  reduced.  This 
must  be  done  by  gradually  returning  the  superior 
part)  by  grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and  making 
the  rest  follow. 

Uterus  Masculihub,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts— 
U.  Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Retroversion  of 
the,  Hysteroloxia  posterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  of  the,  Metrorrhea' i*>  By- 
terorrhejc'ie,  JRttptu'ra  Uteri,  Perfora'tio  Uteri, 
Laceration  of  the  Womb,  (¥.)  Rupture  de  la  If  a- 
trice.  This  dreadful  acciaent  occurs  during  la- 
bour, and  is  known  to  have  taken  place,  when 
the  child's  head  suddenly  recedes  during  a  pain, 
with  vomiting,  sinking  of  the  pulse,  cold  sweats, 
Ac.  When  it  is  evident  that  this  has  occurred, 
the  hand  must  be  passed  into  the  uterus,  and  the 
feet  of  the  ohild  be  brought  down. 
a  Cases  are  on  record,  in  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  and  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  is  a  rare  e?ent,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Semicircular  canals. 

UTRICULAR,  Utricula'rie;  from  utriculue, 
'a  small  bag  or  bottle.'  Relating  to  or  resem- 
bling a  small  bag  or  bottle. 


Utricular  Glands,  Qlan'dula  utricula'ree, 
The  glands  or  follicles  in  the  interior  of  the  ute- 
rus, whieh  are  concerned  In  the  formation  of  the 
decidua. 

UTRICULUS,  see  Ejacnlatory  ducts,  Uterus— 
u.  Communis,  see  Semicircular  canals  —  u.  Lac* 
teus,  Receptaeolum  chyli. 

UVA,  Uvula,  sec  Vitia  vinifera  —  u.  Invcrsa, 
Paris  —  u.  Lupina,  Paris  —  u.  Ursi,  sec  Arbutus 
uva  ursi — u.  Vulpina,  Paris. 

Vym  Corinthiaca,  see  Vitia  Corinthiaca. 

Vym  Pass*,  Bhagee,  Dried  Grape*,  Baieins, 
sec  Yitis  vinifera. 

XJym  Pass*  Majores,  see  Yitis  vinifera — u. 
Passes  minores,  see  Yitis  Corinthiaca — u.  Passes 
sole  siccatse,  see  Yitis  vinifera. 

UYATIO,  Ceratocclc,  Staphyloma. 

U'VEA,  from  uva,  *  an  unripe  grape.'  Tu'niea 
acino'&a  sen  acini  for*  mi*  sen  uva' lis  sen  acina'lie 
seu  uvifor'mU,  BhagoVdee,  Tu'niea  rhagoldM  sen 
uvea  seu  perfora'ta,  Membrana  uvea,  Ehoat,  (P.) 
Uvie.  Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  others,  to  the  poste- 
rior layer  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  thick  varnish  that  covers  it 

Uvea,  Commissure  of  the,  Ciliary  ligament 

UVJ&E,  Uvea. 

UYEPTIS ;  a  word  of  hybrid  formation ;  from 
uvea,  'the  uvea,'  and  {tie,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion; properly,  Bhagodel'tie.  Inflammation  of 
the  uvea. 

UVIGENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGERA,  Uvula. 

UYULA,  diminutive  of  uva,  '  a  grape.'  Pin- 
nae'ulum  /or'nieiB  guttura'lie,  Uva,  Staph'yli, 
Tintinnab'uhan,  Oolumel'la,  Cion,  Qi'onit,  Gar- 
ga'reon,  Colum'na  oris,  Gnrgu'lio,  Intertett'tum, 
Processus  seu  Cartila'go  Wvifer,  Uvig"ena,  Uvig"- 
era,  Pap  of  the  Throat,  Mimas,  Plectrum,  Sub- 
lin'gua,  Sublin'guium,  (F.)  Luette.  A  fleshy  ap- 
pendix or  prolongation,  which  hangs  from  the 
middle  or  free  edge  of  the  velum  palati.  The 
uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of  a  greater  or 
less  size  in  individuals.  It  is  formed,  especially, 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  velum  palati; 
and  contains,  within  it,  the  azygos  uvula)  muscle. 
Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Also,  a  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the  por- 
tion of  the  cerebellum  that  forms  the  posterior 
boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  It  is  on  the 
median  line,  and  behind  the  nodulus. 

Uvula,  sec  Vermiform  process  inferior — u. 
Decidua,  Staphyledema  —  u.  Relaxata,  Staphy- 
ledema— u.  Vesicas,  see  Urinary  bladder — n.  Ve- 
sical, see  Urinary  bladder. 

U'VULAR,  Uvula'ris,  from  uvula.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  G lauds  arc  small  follicles,  belonging 
to  the  mucous  membrane  oovering  the  uvula. 

UVULARIA,  Ruscns  hypoglossum. 

Uvula'ria  Perfoua'ta,  Smaller  Bellwort; 
indigenous:  Order,  Melanthacess ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June.  The  root,  when  fresh,  is  subacrid 
and  mucilaginous.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is 
used  in  sore  mouth.  It  is  said  to  cure  the  bites 
of  rattlesnakes. 

U  VULFTIS,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation,  from 
uvula,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Angi'na 
uvula' rit,  Staphyli'tis,  Cioni'tie,  Inftamma'tio 
u'vula,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Luette,  Falling 
down  of  the  Palate*    Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 


vAconr 


893 


YACqiNIUK 


V. 


VACCIN,  see  Vaccina. 

VACCI'NA,  Vaccin'ia,  Variola  vaccina,  V. 
uucein'ica,  V.  tuto'ria,  V.  tutrix,  Exanthe'ma  vac- 
etna,  E.  antivariolo'enm,  Syn'ocha  vaccina,  Vac- 
ti'ola,  Vacci'ola  vera,  Vacci'na  primig"ena  seu 
vaceinato'ria  seu  antivarioU/ea,  vacciola  »cutel~ 
la* to,  Vari'ola  tuto'ria,  Cow-pox,  Kine  Pock, 
Inoculated  Cow-pox,  Emphfy'eie  vaccina  inter1 ta, 
from  vacca,  *  a  cow ;'  (F.)  Vaccine.  The  cow -pox 
if  a  disease  of  the  cow,  arising  spontaneously, 
which,  if  transmitted  to  man  by  means  of  inocu- 
lation, may  preserve  him  from  small-pox  conta- 
gion. The  promulgation  of  this  valuable  pro- 
perty of  the  vaccine  virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner. 
When  inoculating  for  small-pox  in  Gloucester- 
shire, in  1775,  he  was  surprised  to  meet  with  a 
number  of  persons  in  the  same  district,  on  whom 
the  insertion  of  the  virus  produced  no  effect, 
although  they  had  never  passed  through  the 
•mall-pox.  On  investigation,  he  found  that  all 
these  persons  had  previously  been  affected  by  a 
pustular  eruption  of  the  cow,  which  they  had 
taken  by  milking  the  animal ;  and  which  erup- 
tion they  called  Cow-pox,  This  discovery  in- 
duced him  to  institute  experiments,  and  he  found 
that  such  preservative  effect  actually  existed. 
The  Facet ne  Virv§,  Vinu  Vacci'num,  (F.)  Vac- 
ein,  or  the  fluid  of  the  eruption,  is  not  now  usu- 
ally taken  immediately  from  the  cow;  experience 
having  demonstrated,  that  it  is  nearly  as  effica- 
cious when  obtained  from  the  human  vesicle. 
The  characteristic  of  cow-pox  eruption  is :  —  a 
semi-transparent,  pearl-coloured  vesicle,  with  a 
circular  or  somewhat  oval  base;  its  upper  sur- 
face, until  the  end  of  the  8th  day,  being  more 
elevated  at  the  margin  than  in  the  centre;  and 
the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and 
rounded,  bo  as  often  to  extend  a  little  over  the 
line  of  the  base.  This  vesicle  is  filled  with  clear 
lymph ;  contained  in  numerous  little  cells,  that 
communicate  with  each  other.  After  the  8th  or 
9th  day  from  the  insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  bright  red,  circumscribed  areola, 
which  varies  in  its  diameter,  in  different  cases, 
from  a  quarter  of  an  inch  to  two  inches ;  and  is 
usually  attended  with  a  considerable  tumour,  and 
hardness  of  the  adjoining  areolar  membrane. 
This  areola  declines  on  the  11th  or  12th  day;  the 
surface  of  the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the 
centre;  and  the  fluid  in  the  cells  gradually  con- 
cretes into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a 
reddish-brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes 
darker,  contracted,  and  dry,  but  is  not  detached 
till  three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  a 
permanent,  circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in 
diameter,  and  a  little  depressed;  the  surface 
being  marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells  of  which  the 
vesiole  had  been  composed.  This  is  the  progress 
of  the  genuine  cow-pox.  At  times,  fever  occurs 
s>bout  the  9th  or  11th  day;  but,  at  others,  not  the 
slightest  indisposition  is  felt  Aberrations  from 
this  progress  occur,  which  must  be  attended  to ; 
as  the  same  preservative  influence  is  not  exerted 
by  irregular  or  epurioue  cow-pox.  If  the  erup- 
tion runs  speedily  to  a  height,  has  an  aureola  too 
early,  is  irregular  at  its  edges,  and  contains  pus 
Instead  of  a  limpid  fluid, — it  cannot  at  all  be 
depended  upon. 

Small-pox  occurs,  at  times,  as  an  epidemic  af- 
ter vaccination.  For  a  while,  the  enthusiastic 
y  advocates  of  vaccination  wonld  not  admit  the 
affection  to  be  small-pox ;  and,  accordingly,  they 


gave  it  the  name  Varioloid.  It  is  unquettiouty 
small-pox,  but  modified,  and  greatly  diTesai  i 
its  terrors  by  previous  vaccination ;  sad  h  i 
said  to  happen  less  frequently  after  vaecimfc* 
than  after  email-pox  inoculation.  Vncciiuiw  i 
now  practised  every  where,  except  among  tha 
in  whom  ignorance  and  prejudice  excluded 
lights  of  reason  and  philanthropy.  Tain  i 
ground,  however,  for  the  belief;  that  for  full  pn- 
tection  revaccination  may  be  occasionally  mm- 
sary. 

Vaccina  Ahttyarioloba,  Vaccina— r.Pra- 
gena,  Vaccina — v.  Tutoria,  Vaccina— t.  Tstri* 
Vaccina — v.  Vaccinatoria,  Vaccina. 

VACCINAL,  Vaccine. 

VACCINA'TION,  VaceinaHio,  from  cowO 
cow;'  Cow-pox  inoculation,  Jenne'ricn  !■«*•*■ 
tion.  An  operation  which  consists  in  ioserux 
the  vaccine  virus  under  the  cuticle,  so  that  it  aaj 
come  in  contact  with  the  absorbents.  It  is  a- 
tremely  simple,  and  requires  merely  thai  m 
point  of  the  lancet  should  be  held  under  tit 
cuticle  for  a  short  time.  The  best  time  fa  til- 
ing the  matter  from  the  Cow-pox  reticle,  for  w- 
ci  nation,  is  about  the  7th  or  8th  daj,  before  i»» 
appearance  of  the  aureola,  when  it  ought  u>  * 
limpid  and  transparent  The  most  ceruia  Ba- 
thed is,  to  pass  it  from  arm  to  arm :  bnt  this  i 
not  always  convenient;  and,  hence  it  is  u*a 
upon  pointe  or  pieces  of  quill,  or  between  giwo- 
It  must,  of  course,  be  softened  for  use.  TU'fl 
done  by  means  of  a  little  water,  which  d«e§  »■» 
destroy  its  efficiency.  The  scab,  too,  which  ia 
off  about  the  end  of  three  weeks — sooner  or  !»*• 
—  is  capahle  of  communicating  the  if«t*- 
dissolved  in  water ;  and  this  is  the  mof t  coa** 
method  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  Tiros  is  *** 
countries. 

VACCINATOR,  Fac'cuti*!,  one  who  in«cfc» 
for  the  cow-pox. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina, 

Vaccine,  Vacci'nue,  Vaccina'li*,  (P.)  Few*' 
same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  fc>  *» 
cination,  as  the  '  vaccine  vesicle,'  'a  veccim  f4J* 
sician/ 

VACCINEL'LA.  A  term  employed  by  am 
to  designate  spurious  cow-pox. —  raeein'sia  fr- 
ci'ola  epu'ria  seu  Upro'ea. 

VACCINIA,  Vaccina— v.  Palustris,  Yicek* 
oxycocoos. 

VACCINIST,  Vaccinator. 

VACCINIUM  MACROCARPON,  see  V.  a? 
eoccos. 

Vaccih'iuk  Mybttl'hts,  Vitie  ieV«  »?*; 
lue.  The  Myrtle  Berry,  Vacein'ia  myrtiri-,  *■ 
berry,  BUa-berry,  WkortU- berry,  Black  JCt* 
Vaccin'ium  nigrum,  (F.)  AirrlU  Amgekme,  A* 
tin  de  Bois.  Family,  Vaccine*.  Sex,  $y*.  (*■ 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  —  Bate*  Mr 
ti llo'rum  —  are  esteemed  to  be  anuscorte&ft 
when  prepared  with  vinegar.  They  are  alio  aw 
to  possess  antiseptic  and  sub-astringent  prut*?*1 
when  dried.  They  are  not  need  in  medicine:  * 
are  frequently  eaten  with  milk  and  sugar. 

Vaccixiux  Nigrum,  V.  myrtillus. 

Vaccinium  Oxycoc'cos,  Oxytoefcm,  fl-**?* 
trie,  SchoUera  oxycoccoe,  Vaccinia  palme'tri*.  *"* 
Ida* a  palue'trU,  Moorlerry,  Cranberry,  f+ 
berry,  Swamp  Bedberry,  Sourberry,  (F.\  Ce** 
berge.  The  berries  are  pleasantly  acid  sad  *£ 
ing.  They  make  an  agreeable  preserve.  ** 
common  American  Cranberry  is  from  Yeecam 
macrocarpoH* 


VACCINOIS 


898 


VALERIANA 


Vaccif'iuic  Punctatuh,  V.  vitis  idsaa— v. 
Resinosum,  Gaylussacia  resinosa. 

Vaccinium  Stamin'euv,  Buckberry,  Squaw 
Huckleberrtf  Deerberry.  The  leaves  of  these 
plants  are  astringent 

Vaccinium  Vitis  Idje'a,  V.  puncta'tum,  Vitit 
Ida' a  puncta'ta,  Bed  Bilberry,  Am'pelos  Ida' a, 
Whortleberry,  Cowberry,  (P.)  AirelU  ou  Canne- 
berge  ponctuie.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves  has 
been  used  in  calculous  affections.  They  are  as- 
tringent The  ripe  berries  are  pleasantly  acid, 
and  refrigerant  WhortUberriee  are  furnished  by 
different  species  of  Yaccinium. 
VACCINOIS,  Vaecinella. 
VACCINUS,  Vaccine. 

VAC  CI  OLA,  Vaccina — v.  Leprosa,  Vaeci- 
nella—  v.  Soutellata,  Vaccina — v.  Spuria,  Vae- 
cinella—  v.  Vera,  Vaccina. 

VACILLA'TIO,  Tituba'tio,  from  vaeillare,  'to 
waver.'      Staggering;   waddling  —  claudiea'tio 
ana  t' tea. 
Vacillatio  Denttuv,  Odontoseisis. 
VAOIN,  Vagina. 

VAGI'NA,  'a  sheath/  Vagi'na  mulie'brie 
sen  uteri'na  seu  U'teri  sen  Penit,  Sinus  mulie'- 
brie sen  Pudo'ria  seu  Puden'di,  Col'eue,  Peri; 
Perin,  Colpoe,  Vulvo-uterine  canal,  (F.)  Vagin. 
A  cylindrical  canal,  five  or  six  inches  long; 
situate  within  the  pelvis,  between  the  bladder 
and  rectum.  It  communicates  by  one  extremity, 
Aulot,  with  the  vulva;  by  the  other,  with  the 
womb,  the  neck  of  which  it  embraces.  The  va- 
gina ia  lined,  internally,  by  a  mucous  membrane ; 
and  is  partly  closed,  in  young  females,  by  the 
hymen,  and  carunculse  myrtiformes. —  Around 
the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer  of  spongy,  erec- 
tile tissue ;  and  a  oellulo?vascular  membrane.  A 
constrictor  muscle;  numerous  vessels  furnished 
by  the  vaginal  artery,  particularly;  veins  and 
nerves,  proceeding  from  the  sciatic  plexus,  also, 
enter  into  the  composition  of  the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  sheath,  Theea,  is  extended 
to  many  parts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to  others. 
Sheath,  (F.)  Gatne,\8  sometimes  applied  to  the 
fascia  enveloping  the  limbs;  to  areolar  mem- 
brane, enveloping  the  muscles,  and  entering  be- 
tween their  fibres ;  to  that  which  surrounds  the 
blood-vessels ;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur- 
rounding tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of 
bones,  Ac 

Vagina  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  v.  Pemoris, 
Fascia  lata  aponeurosis — v.  Funiculi  Umbilica- 
lis,  see  Funiculus  umbilicalis — v.  Glissonii,  Cap- 
sule of  Glisson —  r.  Malleolaris  externa,  Retina- 
culum tendinum  perina»orum — v.  Muliebris,  Va- 
gina— t.  Muscularis,  Perimysium — v.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — r.  Penis,  Vagina— v.  Port®,  Cap- 
sule of  Glisson — v.  Uterina,  Vagina. 

Vagiwa  of  the  Vina  Pobta,  Sheath  of  the 
Vena  Porta,  (F.)  Gain*  de  la  Veine-porte,  is  the 
areolar  membrane  that  accompanies  the  divisions 
of  the  vena  porta  into  the  substance  of  the  liver. 
VAGINAE  SYNOVIALES,  Burs®  mucosae. 
VAG"INAL,  Vaginalis,  from  vagina,  'a 
sheath.' — Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  sheath. 

Vaginal  Artery.  This  exists,  as  a  matter  of 
coarse,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical,  internal 
pndio,  umbilical,  Ac,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vaginal  Bil'iart  Plexus.  A  plexus  of  rami- 
fications of  the  hepatio  duct  through  the  capsule 
of  Glisson. 

Vaginal  Branches  of  the  Vena  Pobta  are 
those  which  have  to  pass  through  the  sheath  of 
the  capsule  of  Glisson,  previous  to  entering  the 
Interlobular  spaces.    In  this  course,  they  form 


the  vaginal  plexus.  There  are,  also,  vaginal 
branch**,  and  a  vaginal  plexu*  formed  by  the 
hepatic  artery. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  thb  Testicle,  Tu'niea  Va- 
gina'lie,  T.  ElylraVdee  vel  Elytro'dee,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicle.  Be- 
fore the  desoent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis does  not  exist  It  is  formed  by  a  prolonga- 
tion, furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the  testicle 
when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen.  The  tunica 
vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac,  investing  the  testicle 
and  epididymis,  without  containing  them  in  its 
cavity,  and  reflected  so  as  to  form  a  bag  around 
the  circumference  of  the  testis;  hence  it  is  divided 
into  Tu'niea  vagina' lit  pro'pria  and  Tu'niea  va- 
aina'lie  rejlex'a.  Between  the  two  layers,  the 
inner  surfaoe  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid. 

Vaginal  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

Vaginal  Plbxus,  see  Vaginal  branches  of  the 
vena  porta. 

Vaginal  Process  of  thb  Temporal  Bone, 
(F.)  Apophyte  vaginale  ou  engainante,  GaXne  de 
Fapophyee  etylolde,  Chaton,  is  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

VAGINITIS,  Leuoorrhoea  (vaginal.) 

VAGISSEMENT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  Vagieeement.  The  cry  of  the 
new-born  child.    Squalling. 

Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.  The  cry  of  the  child  in 
utero. 

VAGUS  NERVUS,  Pneumogastric. 

VAIBON  (F.),  Diepar  oc'ulua.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  different  colours.  It  also  means  a  wall, 
eyed  animal,  or  one  whose  iris  is -surrounded  by  a 
whitish  circle. 

VAISSEAU,  Vessel  —  v.  Sanguin,  Blood- 
vesseL 

VAISSEA  UX  CAPILLAIBES,  Capillary  ves- 
sels— v.  Chylifiree.  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Lao- 
tie,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v.  Lactif&ree,  Lactife- 
rous vessels  —  v.  Ombilieaux,  Umbilical  vessels. 

VALANIDA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

VALANTIA  APARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripedium  lu- 
teum,  Valeriana  pauciflora  —  v.  Garden,  Vale- 
riana phu  —  v.  Greek,  Polemonium  reptans  —  v. 
Officinal,  Valeriana— v.  Wild,  Valeriana. 

VALERIANA,  V.  officina'lie,  Wild  Vale'rian, 
Valeriana  minor,  Offie"inal  Valerian.  Family, 
I}ipsaceB3.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Monogynia.  The 
root,  Valeria' na,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  long  ex- 
tolled as  an  efficacious  remedy  in  epilepsy,  and 
in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has  been 
also  advised  as  a  tonio,  antispasmodic,  and  em- 
menagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour;  bit- 
terish, subacrid,  and  warm  taste ;  and  its  virtues 
are  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol. 

Valeriana  Capen'sis,  a  South  African  spe- 
cies, has  similar  virtues. 

Valeriana  Celt'ioa,  V.  Saxatilie,  Celtic  Ward, 
Spiea  Cel'tica,  S.  Alpi'na,  Nardue  Cel'tica,  Sa- 
liun'ca,  Nardum  GaU'ioum,  Spica  Cel'tica  IHo*- 
eor'idie,  (F.)  Nard  CeUique.  The  roots  of  this 
Alpine  plant  have  been  recommended  as  a  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately strong  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  sub- 
acrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  V.  locuSta,  Corn  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in  Eu- 
rope as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and  gently 
aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu— v.  Loousta,  V. 
dentata — v.  Minor,  Valeriana — v.  Officinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Pauctflo'ra,  American  VaW* 
rian,  has  the  properties  of  the  other  Valerians. 


valMriame 


894 


VARICKIcLA 


Valsriaha  Phu,  V.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(P.)  Grand  Valerian*    The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especially  in  sciatica, 
and  in  epilepsy. 
Valeriana  Saxatilis,  V.  eeltica. 
VALERIANS  GRAND,  Valeriana  phu. 
VALET  1  PATIN   (F.),   VoUeVla  Patfni. 
The  common  ligature  forceps  is  a  modification  of 
this  instrument  invented  by  one  Patin.    It  con- 
gists  of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle  by  a 
hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approximated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring.    It  is  used 
for  seising  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to  be  tied. 
VALETUDINARIUM,  Hospital. 
VALETUDINARIU8,  Sickly,  Valetudinary. 
VALBTU'DINARY,  Valetudinafrian,  Valetu- 
dina'riu*,  Inval'idue,  from  valetudo,  'health.'  — 
One  of  delicate  health.    One  subject  to  frequent 
diseases.    An  Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas— r.  Adversa,  Disease— 
y.  Bona,  Sanitas  —  v.  Commode,  Sanitas — v.  Se- 
cunda,  Sanitas. 
VALGUS,  see  Kyllosis 
VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 
VALITUDO,  Sanitas. 
VALLECULA,  Valley. 

VALLEY,  Vallecula,  (P.)  Grand  Scueure  Mi- 
diane  du  Cerotlet.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it  into 
two  symmetrical  portions. 

VALLUM.  The  eyebrow  or  superoilium. 
Also,  a  species  of  bandage. — Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  French 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  *Vals,  six  leagues  from 
Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardeche.  There 
are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
phate of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are  employed  in 
passive  hemorrhages,  leueorrhoea,  Ac 

VALVE,  Val'vula,  Diclie,  CE.)  Valvule,  from 
valvar,  *  folding- doors,'  itself  from  volvo,  '  I  fold 


up.'  A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  dupli< 
ture  of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of 
humours  or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and 
canals  of  the  animal  body.  There  are  some 
valves,  whose  functions  appear  to  be,— to -retard 
or  to  modify  the  course  of  substances  along  eanals, 
£c  See  mitral,  eiamoid,  tricuspid,  ileo-ccecal 
valve,  Ac 

Valvm  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
Ueo-coeeal,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Deo-colic,  Bau- 
hin,  valve  of— v.  of  Tulpius,  Bauhin,  valve  of— v. 
of  Varolius,  Bauhin,  valve  of 
VALVES,  SEMILUNAR,  Sigmoid  valves. 
VALVULA,  Valve— v.  Cseci,  Bauhin,  valve  of 
—v.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of— v.  Foraminis  ovalls,  Ovalis  fossa 
— v.  Guiffartiana,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v. 
Bei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Magna  Cerebri,  V. 
Vieussenii. 

Valvula  Srmtluha'ris,  Pliea  Semiluna'rit, 
Membran'ula  eemUuna'rie  eoniuncti'va,  Pliea  lu- 
na'ta.  A  small  doubling  of  the  tunica  conjunc- 
tiva, which  lies  between  the  oarunoula  laeryma- 
lis  and  the  ball  of  the  eye  In  birds,  this  is 
large,  and  called  Membra'na  nid  titan*  vol  PaV- 
pebra  ter'tia. 

Valvttla  Tariki,  Velum  meduUare  posterius 
—  ▼.  ThebeBii,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v.  Va- 
gina), Hymen  —  v.  Venss  magna),  see  Thebesius, 
valve  of. 

Valvula  ViUEgsB'irti,  Velum  Vieu—enii,  VaV- 
vula  oercbeW  sou  Willieia'na  sen  magna  cerebri, 
Velum  interjec'tum  cerebelli,  V.  apopk'yei  vemi- 
formi  obtentum,  Lacu'nar  ventric'uli  quarti  *vp&- 
rior,  Velum  medulla' ri  sen  medulla're  anti'cttm 
sen  ante' rive,  (F.)  Valvule  de  Vteueeene,  Voile 
uttduUaire  eupirienre.  A  thin,  medullary  lamina, 


over  the  under  end  of  the  Aqueducts*  Syhns&i 

upper  part  of  the  fourth  ventricle.    At  ti*  sisei 

of  the  valves  are  two  medullary  fcscti,  oDai 

Processus  ad  Te&tee,  Colum'n*  VoVrtda  Turn- 

Matt,  or  Oblique  intereer'ebral  Cowtmitnru 

Valvula  W  illisiajt a,  Valvula  Yieusswi 

VALVULE  BICUSPIDALES,  lDtitlnba 

Valvule  CoitirrviBir'TBa.    Numerous  cnal« 

folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  from  the  pyloric  oi- 

fice  through  the  greater  part  of  the  mall  is» 

tine.    They  are  folds  of  the  mucous  xsembnae 

and  their  chief  use  appears  to  be,  to  reUri  ut 

course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and  t©  afipri » 

larger  surface  for  the  origin  of  chylifero&sTes* 

Valvule  Cordis,  Ostiola  cordis— t.  Otj 

mitrales,  Mitral  valves— v.  Trigloehiiiet,  Tw» 

pid  valves  —  v.  Trisulose,  Tricuspid  valvei 

VAL  VULB,  Valve— v.  eVEwt  aeU  Bates* 
valve — v.  de  Pylore,  see  Pylorus— r.  d*  Fmse* 
Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULES,  V.  ipieeopalee,  Mitral Tshes- 
v.  Sigmoid**  ou  Semilunairce,  Sigmoid  faltta 
VANBLLOE,  Vanilla. 
VANIL'LA,  BaniVia,  BanUae,  tfo«2oaa» 
nilla,  Benzo'inil,  Ar'aeue  aromatic**,  (F.<  r*- 
nille,  Baumede  Vanille.    The  Vanettot—Sr? 
vaniU'a  sen  Banill'es  sen  Vaniflia  sen  na-* 
sen  Ar'aei  aromat'ici  —  is  a  long,  flatties  pi 
containing,  under  a  wrinkled,  britUe  fhell » t* 
dish-brown  pulp,  with  small,  shining,  black  *«* 
The  parasitic  plant  which  afford*  this  pod  » ta 
Bpiden'drum   Vanilla,    VaniU'a  anmat'i*  * 
Mexico' no.    Family,  Orchidese.    Sex.  8*4-  h* 
nandria  Monandria.  Vanelloes  have  an  safls* 
aromatic  taste,  and  a  fragrant  smell,  like  t*«£ 
some  of  the  finer  balsams,  heightened  with  cat 
Although  chiefly  used  as  perfumes,  tfcej  a*  *► 
puted  to  possess  aphrodisiac  virtues. 
Vaitilla  Aromatica,  see  Vanilla 
VAPEURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 
VAPORA'RIUM,    Atmietc'riom,    J****?" 
Py'ria,  PyriateTrium,    Vapour  balk.    A  «*■ 
remedy  in  rheumatic  and  cutaneous  affecvei 
and  wherever  it  is  important  to  relax  la*®* 
neons  capillaries.    In  the  Rueeian  Yeymr  m 
the  vapour  is  produced  by  throwing  *ai»  ** 
hot  stones.   Its  temperature  is  from  12J*  to  W- 
Vaporarium,  Hypocaustum,  see  Stora, 
VAPORATIO,  Evaporation. 
VAPORES  UTBRINI,  Hysteria 
VAPOUR,  Flatulence— ▼.  Bath,  Vaporns* 
VAPOURISH,  Hypoehondriac,  Hysteric* 
VAPOUROUS,  Windy. 
VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria 
VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal,  Hysteria* 
VARA,  Bam. 

VARKC,  Kelp— c  Vememleux,  Fees*""* 

loans.  ^ 

VARENI,  Ambulo-uatulentus,  Gout  («■» 

ing.) 

VARICE,  Variz. 

VARIOELL'A,  (diminfrtire  of  Varb^^ 
pox,)  Bm'phlyvU  varicella,  Exanthe'me  tar*?* 
Syn'oeku*  varicella,  Chiekeu  pea,  Tork**i* 
phaticay  V.  epu'ria,  V.  syleer***,  ^«***^ 
tha,  V.  iUeoHimm,  Peoudo-varioUt,  V.  r^T 
V.  pmoellai,  JBoWum,  JSoPlimm,  (P.)  ?«"? 
PUite  meroU  ooUnte,  VerotoUe.  A  diiea*  * 
racteriied  by  vesieles  seattered  over  is*  •* 
which  are  glabrous,  transparent,  and  a**^ 
sise  of  peas.  They  appear  in  ew**"**"! 
are  covered  by  a  thin  pellicle,  and,  »•* 
third,  fourth,  or  fifth  day  from  their  •PP**? 
bunt  at  the  top,  and  concrete  mto  taWL  F* 
ered  scabs,  which  rarely  leave  a  pit  ia  y^ 
Three  varieties  hare,  sometimes,  be«  **£** 
1.  The  V.  lenti/ormee,  or  fcalicaJor  tku**  F 


VARICIFORMES 


805 


VARIOLOID 


which  are  irregularly  circular,  and  flattened  on 
the  top;  the  fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  af- 
terwards straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common 
thicken  pox,  2.  The  Varicella  conifor'mis,  Oo- 
noi'dal  Chicken  Pox,  Pem'phigue  variolo'des,  Va- 
riola lymphat' ica,  Hydrach'nis,  Swine  Poxr  Water 
Pox,  Water  Jage,  in  which  the  vesicles  are 
generally  acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid 
throughout;  and,  3dly,  the  Varicel'la  globtila'- 
rit  or  Hives,  in  which  the  resides  are  globular 
and  larger ;  the  fluid  being,  at  first,  whey- 
coloured,  and  afterwards  yellowish.  These  divi- 
sions are,  however,  very  arbitrary,  for  they  are 
generally  confounded. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  this 
disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  affections  will 
prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  contagious.  At 
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It  cannot  be 
propagated  by  inoculation.  The  treatment  is 
extremely  simple;  rest,  abstinence,  and  the  an- 
tiphlogistic regimen,  being  all  that  is  generally 
I      required. 

Varicella  Variolotdia,  Varioloid. 
,  VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TAT^E.    A  name 

given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  ducts  of  the  epi- 
didymis, because  they  seem  knotty  and  varicose. 
(  VARICOBLEPHARON,  from  varix,  and  0X«- 

japo*,  'eyelid.'    A  varicose  tumour  of  the  eyelid. 
VARICOCE'Lfi,  from  varix,  and  **Aji,  'a  tu- 
|       mour;'   Oscheocele  varico'ta,  Her'nia  varico'ea, 
}      Kamex  varico'sns,    Spermatoce'li,   Cireocele.     A 
I      varicose  dilatation  or  the  veins  of  the  scrotum 
(      and  spermatic  cord.    This  latter  variety  of  the 
|      disease  is  more  common  on  the  left  side  than  the 
right     It  appears  under  the  form  of  a  soft, 
doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible,  and  in- 
'      dolent  tumour,  situate  in  the  course  of  the  oord, 
|      and  increasing  from  below  upwards.    It  is  less 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  recumbent  posture, 
and  increases  when  he  is  erect    It  is,  ordinarily, 
an  affection  of  no  moment,  and  is  very  common, 
requiring  merely  the  use  of  a  proper  suspensory 
bandage.    It  has  been  advised,  in  bad  cases,  to 
tie  the  enlarged  vein,  but  the  operation  is  not  free 
from  danger  induced  by  phlebitis.   Sir  A.  Cooper 
has  proposed  the  removal  of  a  portion  of  the  scro- 
tum, so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the  scrotum 
a  natural  bandage.    This  plan  has  been  found 
effectual. 

VARICOM'PHALUS,  from  varix,  and  ofifaXos, 
'  the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the  umbili- 
cus; cirsomphalus. 

VAR'ICOSE,  Varico'nu,  (P.)  Variquenx. 
Affected  with  varix;  or  belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  varix;  —  as  a  varicose  vein,  a  vari- 
co*e  uleer,  that  is,  one  kept  up  by  varices. 

VARICOSITAS  CONJUNCTIVE,  Cirsoph- 
thalmia. 

VARIC'ULA,  Varix  parva,  A  diminutive  of 
varix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the  veins  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.^— AL  A.  Severinus. 

VARI'OLA,  Variola,  V.  vera,  Varioli,  Small- 
Pox,  Empye'sit  Variola,  Euphlog"ia,  Chaepi, 
JEolec/thyma,  Pox  (N.  of  England),  Peetit  vari- 
olosa, Febrie  variolosa;  from  variue,  'spotted,' 
or  from  vari,  'pimples;'  (P.)  Variole,  Petit  V(- 
role,  Picote.  A  disease,  now  of  somewhat  less 
interest  than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccination. 
It  is  of  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is  supposed 
to  have  been  introduced  into  Europe  from  Asia, 
at  an  early  period  of  the  middle  ages.  It  is  cha- 
racterised by  fever,  with  pustules,  appearing  from 
the  third  to  the  fifth  day,  and  suppurating  from 
the  eighth  to  the  tenth,  and  it  possesses  all  the 
distinctive  properties  of  the  major  exanthemata. 
It  is  capable  of  being  produced  by  inooulation, 


but  this  inoculated  small-pox —  Vari'ola  inser'ta 

—  communicates  the  disease  as  readily  through 
the  air  as  the  natural  small-pox,  or  that  received 
without  inoculation. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
discrete  or  distinct,  and  the  confluent.  1.  In  Va- 
riola Discre'ta,  Empyeeie  variola  diecreta,  Va- 
riola discrcta  benig'na,  Variola  regularee  s*u 
discretes,  Distinct  Small-pox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas ;  distinot,  distended, 
and  circular;  the  intervening  spaces  being  red; 
the  fover  inflammatory  throughout,  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Variola 
Con'flubns,  Empyeeie  variola  confiuene,  Variola 
regula'res  confluences,  Veeic'ula  Viva  Barbara, 
Visiculee  de  Sainte-Barbe  or  Confluent  Small- 
pox, the  pustules  are  confluent,  or  run  together; 
flaccid  and  irregularly  circumscribed ;  the  inter- 
vening spaces  being  pale,  and  the  accompanying 
fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diarrhoea,  and,  in 
adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  generally  appear,  towards  the  period  of  the 
secondary  fever,  which  occur*  from  the  tenth  to 
the  thirteenth  day.  The  fever  that  precedes  and 
accompanies  the  eruption  is  called  the  Eruptive 
fever.  The  prognosis  is  favourable  in  the  dis- 
tinct kind,  if  properly  managed.  The  confluent 
is  always  dangerous,  —  the  unfavourable  symp- 
toms being — flattening  of  the  pustules,  or  subsi- 
dence of  the  eruption ;  the  breathing  becoming 
muoh  obstructed  or  oppressed;  or  marks  of  in- 
flammatory and  congestive  affections  occurring  in 
the  different  viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  dis- 
tinct kind  is  very  simple :  the  antiphlogistio  re- 
gimen, with  cathartics,  being  all  that  is  neces- 
sary. The  confluent  kind  requires  the  same 
management  as  typhus  fever. 

When  the  pimples  are  confluent  in  patches,  the 
patches,  being,  however,  separated  by  intervals 
of  unaffected  skin;  it  constitutes  the  clustered, 
coherent,  or  corymbose  variety — Vari'ola  corym- 
bo'sa. 

Variola  Amboineksts,  Frambcesia— v.  Corym- 
bose, see  Variola — v.  Inserta,  Variola  (by  inocu- 
lation)— v.  Lymphatica,  Varicella — v.  Mitigate, 
Varioloid. 

Vari'ola  sine  Vari'olis,  Vari'oloue  Fever* 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases  occasionally  ob- 
served during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in  which 
the  constitutional  phenomena  are  present  without 
the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella — v.  Vaccina,  Vac- 
cina— v.  Vaccinatorum,  Varioloid. 

.VARIOUS,  Variola— v.  Equina),  see  Grease— 
v.  IUegitimsB,  Varicella — v.  Modificates,  Vario- 
loid— v.  Nothe,  Varicella — v.  Pucellso,  Varicella 

—  v.  Sylvestris,  Varicella — v.  Tutorise,  Vaccina 
— v.  Verm,  Variola — v.  VolaticsB,  Varicella. 

VARIOLATION,  Inoculation  (Small-pox.) 

VARIOLE,  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Variola. 

VARIOLOID,  VarioloU,  Varioloi'des,  Vari?. 
ola  modiAca'ta,  V.  mitiga'ta,  V.  vaccinate' rum, 
Varicel'la,  Variolaldea,  from  variola,  small-pox, 
and  tihot,  'form/ — resembling  small-pox.  This 
is,  really,  small -pox,  modified  by  previous  inocu- 
lation or  vaccination;  and  hence  it  has  been 
properly  called  modified  small-pox.  That  it  is 
small-pox  is  proved  by  the  fact,  that  matter, 
taken  from  a  varioloid  pustule,  will  communicate 
small-pox  to  one  who  has  never  bad  it  naturally 
or  by  inoculation,  er  who  has  never  been  vacci- 
nated. It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder  disease 
than  small-pox ;  and  this  circumstance,  with  its 
shorter  duration,  exhibits  the  salutary  effects  of 
previous  vaccination  or  inoculation.  It  hat  ap- 
peared epidemically. 


VARIOLOIS 


896 


VEIN 


VARIOLOID,  Varioloid. 

VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VARIX,  Pklebcuryt'ma,  PKUUetasis,  Hcr'nia 
tea  Ectasia  vena'rum,  Angiccta'sia  veno'sa,  Ix'ia, 
Oirsus,  Cedma,  Var'icose  Vein,  (P.)  Varice,  is 
considered,  by  some,  to  eome  from  the  verb  «a- 
riare,  'to  turn/  to  twist,'  —  on  account  of  the 
sinuosities  of  varicose  veins.  Dilatation  of  a 
vein.  Varices  are  owing  to  local  retardation  of 
the  venous  circulation;  and,  in  some  oases,  to 
relaxation  of  the  parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are 
very  common  in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower 
limbs,  especially  of  pregnant  females.  The  tu- 
mour or  tumours,  formed  by  varices,  are  soft, 
knotty,  unequal,  indolent,  and  UvicQ  without 
pulsation,  and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression 
of  the  finger;  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pression is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein 
bursts  and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treat- 
ment is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exert- 
ing a  uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the 
part,  by  means  of  an  appropriate  bandage.  The 
radioal  cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The  second 
course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  phlebitis. 

VAROLI,  BRIDGE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 

VARUS,  Acne,  Ionthus,  see  Kyllosis— v.  Men- 
tagra,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis— v.  Deferens  mulieris,  Tuba 
Fallopiana — v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  ABSORBENTIA,  Absorbent  vessels— 
y.  Capillaria,  Capillary  vessels. 


Vascular  Later,  see  Taehe  embnroesiin- 
v.  Radicals,  Radical  vessels— v.  Substance  of  ui 
Kidney,  see  Kidney— v.  System,  interned*. 
Capillary  system  — v.  System,  peripheral,  Cayfl- 
lary  system— v.  Tumour,  see  HsMnorrhok. 

VASCULARITY.  The  state  of  being  tk* 
lar,  or  largely  supplied  with  vessels. 

VASCULUM,  Penis,  Vessel. 

Vas'culum  Aber'raxs,  Appendix  tolfclf- 
did'ymis.  A  small  convoluted  duet,  of  reu'-e 
length,  generally  connected  with  the  dod  J  a 
epididymis,  immediately  before  the  codec* 
ment  of  the  vas  deferens. 

VASE  1  SA1GNER,  Cup. 

VASTUS.  That  which  is  vast  or  dm  »rs 
extent. 

Vastus  Extersus  and  Vastus  Ihthsob 
two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  fcraps 
of  the  Triceps  cruris. 

VASUM,  Vessel. 

VATERIA  INDICA,  tee  CopaL 

VATICINIUM  CHIROMANTICUM,  Cfe- 
mancy. 

VAULT,  (old  P.  Voulie,)  'a  round  « ta- 
from  volvere,  volutum,  *  to  turn;'  Fornix,  C** 'r. 
(F.)  Voute.  A  name  given  by  snatomL*tf '» 
several  parts  which  are  rounded  superiorly;  ?*■ 
cave  and  arched  inferiorly,— as  the  Vault  **'* 
cranium  or  the  upper  part  of  the  skull,— £*'* 
latine  vault  or  roof  of  the  mouth,  Ac,  Ac 

VAUQUELENE,  Strychnina. 

VEAL  TEA.    This  may  be  made  in  the  s» 


Vasa  ChylopoieVica  Uriiof'era.     Blood- ,  manner  as  beef  tea,  by.  using  a  pound  of  fc 

»_     !•  _».     j; a_   t; * -_  J_l_l_- .    k  i     »   ._    jt «_o. a     _»s I     __J   .   met  i 


vessels,  which,  according  to  Lippi,  convey  drinks 
from  the  chyliferous  vessels  to  the  renal  veins. 

Vasa  Efferemtia,  see  Efferent — v.  Exhalan- 
tia,  Exhalant  vessels — v.  Hydragoga,  Lymphatio 
vessels  —  v.  Lactea,  Chyliferous  vessels,  Lactife- 
reus  vessels — v.  Meninges,  Meningeal  vessels  — 
y.  Sedalia,  Hemorrhoidal  vessels — v.  Lympha- 
tica,  Lymphatic  vessels — v.  Nutritia,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum — v.  Recta,  see  Rete  testis — v.  Resorbentia, 
Absorbent  vessels,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

Vasa  Vaso'rum,  V.  nutrif'ia.  Small  vessels 
that  supply  larger.  However  minutely  a  vessel 
is  traced,  its  parietes  will  be  found  supplied  with 
blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a  smaller  vessel. 

Vasa  Vortico'ba,  (F.)  Tourbillon  vasculaire* 
The  contorted  vessels  which  creep  on  the  choroid 
ooat  of  the  eye ;  ciliary  veins. 

VASCOA  AMPLEXICAU'LIS.  A  South  Af- 
rioan  shrub,  Nat  Ord.  Leguminosse,  the  roots  of 
which  taste  like  liquorice.  They  are  used,  in 
decoction,  in  catarrh  and  phtisis,  and  are  a  good 
substitute  for  liquorice. 

VAS'CULAR,  VascuWris,  Vasculo'sus,  Ah- 
gei'al  from  vas,  'a  vessel.'  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  vessels ;  —  arterial,  venous,  or  lym- 
phatio ;  but  generally  restricted  to  blood-vessels 
only.  Full  of  vessels.  Bichat  gave  the  name 
Vascular  system  to  the  blood-vessels,  and  of  this 
he  made  two  divisions.  1.  The  Arterial  system, 
or  System  of  red  blood,  (F.)  Systems  vasculaire  a 
tang  rouge,  which  commences  with  the  radicles 
of  the  pulmonary  veins;  and  includes  the  pulmo- 
nary veins,  the  left  cavities  of  the  heart  and  the 
aorta  with  all  its  ramifications.  The  blood,  in 
this  system,  is  distributed  to  the  general  capillary 
system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality  and  be- 
comes venous.  2.  The  Venous  systetn  or  Vascu- 
lar system  of  black  blood,  (F.)  System*  vasculaire 
<|  sang  noir,  carries  the  blood  from  every  part  of 
the  system  to  the  lungs.  It  takes  its  origin  in 
the  general  capillary  system;  continues  in  tho 
veins,  right  auricle,  and  ventricle  of  the  heart 
and  the  pulmonary  artery  and  its  branches,  and 
is  finally  lost  in  the  capillary  system  of  the  lungs. 
See  Circulation. 


veal,  free  from  fat  and  sliced,  and  a  pat  st.» 
half  of  boiling  water;   and  boiling  for  itf* 
hour.    It  may  also  be  made  with  the  md*  p* 
tity  of  the  fleshy  part  of  a  knuckle  of  t*»L 
VECORDIA,  Idiotism. 
VECTIS,  Lever— v.  Elevatoriu,  Beata-1- 
Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 
VEGETARIAN,  see  Vegetarianism. 
VEGETA'RIANISM.    Same  etymon  u  **■ 
tation.    A  modern  term,  employed  to  desr*3 
the  view,  that  man,  for  his  full  mental  aw';- 
poreal  developement,  ought  to  subsist  «u-- 
rect  productions  of  the  vegetable  kingd<**| 
totally  abstain  from  flesh  and  blood.  An  ecw* 
and  practiser  of  this  doctrine  is  called  s  t*tf* 
rian, 

VEOETA  TIF,  Vegetative. 
VEGETA'TION,  Vcgtta'tio,  'growing  Q»» 
rUnt,'  from  vigeo,  'I  flourish.'  A  morW  r* 
which  rises  as  an  excrescence  in  syph3»  *£~ 
as  the  Cauliflower  excrescence,  Ac  Tb<  we  - 
also  applied  to  the  fleshy  granulations  or  B*r 
sarcoses,  which  sometimes  arise  at  the  n** 
of  wounds  or  ulcers.  . 

VEG"ETATIVE,  Vegetat?ims,  (*•)  fT\ 
same  etymon  as  the  last.     Having  rehfc* 
growth  or  nutrition;  hence,  the  ttgttabtt®* 
tritive  functions.  ■ 

Vegetative  Later,  see  Tache  embryonEf- 
VEGETATIVUS,  Vegetative. 
VE'HICLE,  r«AfV«!«m,  Ocke'ma,  fts**'  ~ 
(F.)  VihieuU,  from  veher*,  'to  cany.'  An*^ 
which  serves  to  carry;  thus  air  is  the  «*•  * 
sound ;  the  arteries  are  the  vehicles  of  tw _    ' 
Ac     In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  p«' 
any  excipient;  or  to  substances  which  sff< 
the  media  of  administration  for  any  m*&* 
V&EICULE,  Vehicle. 
VEILED  PUFF,  see  Cavernous  rwpn** 
VEIN,  Vena,  diminutive  sWatatWekJ*  ? 
(F.)  Veine.    The  veins  are  vessels  for  the  ***; 
ance  of  black  blood  from  every  pert  w  »*  '- 
to  the  heart    They  are  found  wherever  »«^ 
I  arteries,  and,  altogether,  form  the  «■**  f^ 


VEIN 


897 


VELAMENTUM 


which  may  be  subdivided  into  two  distinct  se- 
condary systems.  1.  The  General  venom  system, 
which  commences  in  all  the  organs,  by  very 
minute  radicles ;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by 
the  vena  cava  and  the  coronary  rein.  2.  The 
Abdominal  venous  system,  which  is  limited  to  the 
abdominal  cavity;  commences,  also,  by  a  great 
number  of  branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver 
by  a  single  trunk,  which  subdivides  in  that  organ. 
It  is  called,  also,  the  System  of  the  Vena  Porta, 
or  the  Portal  System.  See  Porta.  The  veins  form 
two  sets,  one  deep-seated,  Vena  satellites,  V,  eon- 
cnm'ites,  which  accompany  the  arteries ;  the  other 
superficial  or  subcutaneous.  Their  parietes,  which 
are  thinner  than  those  of  the  arteries,  are  com- 
posed of  two  coats j  the  one,  external,  loose,  ex- 
tensible, and  with  parallel,  longitudinal  fibres — 
the  proper  membrane;  the  other,  the  common  or 
tuner  membrane,  which  is  thin,  polished,  and  has 
numerous  duplicatures  or  folds  forming  parabolic 
valves.  These  valves  are  most  numerous  in  the 
veins  of  the  lower  extremities.  The  coats  of  the 
veins  are  supplied  with  small  arteries  or  vasa  va- 
sorum,  veins,  and  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as 
many  nervous  filaments  as  the  arteries.  These 
filaments  are  from  the  great  sympathetic, 

TABLE  OP  THE  VEINS. 

1.   VBIM  WHICH  PORK  THE  tCPZRIOR  VKKA.  CAVA. 

RfttpivM  th*         C  *  •  Posterior  ulnar. 

1.  Superficial  radial. 

2.  Median  cephalic 


Receives  the 

1.  Internal  maxilla* 

ry,  composed  of  the 


2.Cephnlic,forming  the 

3.  Circumflex  veins. 

4.  Inferior  scapular. 

5.  Long  thoracic. 

6.  Superior  thoracic. 

7.  Acromial  veins. 

1.  Pterygoid. 

2.  Spbeno-palatine. 

3.  Alveolar. 

4.  Infra-orbitar. 

5.  Mental. 

6.  Inferior  dental. 

7.  Deep  temporal. 

pora^  composed  J  3    Transverse  of  the 

3.  Posterior  Auricular.  The  trunk  then 
takes  the  name  of  External  Jugular,  and 
in  its  course  along  the  neck,  receives  — 

4.  Cervical  cutaneous, 
t  5.  Trachelo-scapular,  «cc. 

Receives 

1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

6.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins. 

fl.  Lachrymal. 
2.  Central  of  the  retina. 

compose4ofthe1i^haa|! 

6.  Palpebral,  and 
1  7.  Nasal  Veins. 

1.  Palpebral,  and 

2.  Superciliary  Veins. 

3.  Dorsals  of  the  nose. 

5.  interior]     -J-,* 

6.  Several  Buccal  and 

7.  Masseteric  Veins. 

8.  Rantne. 
0.  Submental,  and 

\  10.  Inferior  Palatine. 
9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 

11.  Occipital,  and 
( 12.  Veins  of  the  Diplof. 

8.  Right  Internal  Mammary  Vein. 
%  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  Vena  Cava, 
between  the  two  Subclavian*.  I 

67 


8.  Facial  Vein, 
called  angular, 
near  the  eye,  re- 
ceiving the 


4.  Ve».  A^go..  which  ««iv-^  |;  gfiSSftSL 
(3.  Semi-azygos. 

2.  VEIHS  WBICB  FORM  THE  IMFBRIOR  VERA  CAVA. 

1.  Femoral 
or     Crural, 
which  is  a 
continua- 
tion of  the 

2.  Popliteal, 
comma  nc< 


Receive  the 
1.  External 


Iliacs.fornv'i  ins;    by    3. 

ed  by  the—  veins  which 
accompany 
the  fibular 
arteries.and 
receiving 
the  — 


l.External 
Saphena 
and 
.2.  Internal 
Saphena, 
which  re- 
ceive— 


fl.  Several 
abdominal 
veins. 
2.  Circum- 
flex Iliac, 
and 

3.£xternal 
pudic 
v j  v     veins. 

[    >«na  ^    the  female. 

3,  Middle  Sacral  Vein. 

4*  JfS&F  I"  ^ThTuJT  fa  Abdominal  branch. 
cTmenchi  ??-         '  <*  ^  *"*• 


1 1.    Spermatic  plexus  in 
)    the  male. 


5.    Spermatic   Veins, 

commencing  with  the)  2.    Ovarium,    Fallopian 
(    tube.  eve.  in  the  female. 

6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 
0.  Middle,     ) 

10.  Left,  and  >  Hepatic  Veins. 

11.  Right        S 

12.  Inferior  Diaphragmatic  Veins,  two  in  number 

3.   VBINS  Or  TBS  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.  VEIK8  WHICH  FORK  THE  VEKJL  PORTJE. 

(Receives  the 
1.  Veins  which  correspond  to  the 
vasa  brevia. 
i  Bni^niovoin  j  *•  R>gh<  »nd  left  gastro  epiploic 

1.  Splenic  Vein.  <  3   vjJidenal,  and 

I  4.  Pancreatic  veins. 

I  5.  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach.and 

l  G.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 

2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

Vein,  Bronchial,  Left,  see  Azygos — v.  Demi- 
azygous,  see  Azygos — v.  Frontal,  see  Facial  vein 
— v.  Semi-azygous,  see  Azygos,  (vena) — v.  Su- 
perior intercostal,  left,  Bee  Azygos — v.  Tibio-mal- 
leolar,  Saphena,  great — v.  Palato-labial,  Facial 
vein — v.  Peroneo-malleolar,  Saphena  minor — r. 
Varicose,  Varix. 

VEINE,  Vein— v.  Cave,  Cava  vena—  v.  Cfpha- 
liqve,  Jugular  vein,  internal  —  v.  Cfpkalique  du 
pouee,  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb  —  v.  Cubital* 
eutanSe,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiire,  Gluteal  vein — 
v.  de  Mtdine,  Dracnnculus — v,  Porte,  Porta  vena 
v.  Prilombo-thoraeique,  Azygos,  (vena) — v.  Pre*- 
parate,  Cephalio  vein — v.  Radiate  cutanie,  Ce- 
phalic vein — v.  Sans  pairs,  Azygos,  vein — v.  Tru- 
chSlo-soue-cutanSe,  Jugular  vein,  external. 

VEINES  ARTfiRIELLES,  Arterial  veins — 
«.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Sous-clavilre$,  Sub- 
clavian veins — v.  Sus-hjpatiques,  Hepatic  veins. 

VEINS,  CORONARY,  Cardiac  reins— v.  Intra- 
lobular, Hepatic  reins— v.  Supra-hepatic,  Hopatie 
veins. 

VEINSTONE,  Phlebolite. 

VELAMEN  NATIVUM,  Integument 

VELAMENTA  BOMBTCLNA,  Villous  mem 
branes  —  v.  Cerebralia,  Meninges  —  r.  Inlands, 
Membranes  of  the  foetus. 

VELAMENTUM  ABD0MLNALE,Periton»um 
— v.  Corporis  commune,  Integument— v.  Nativum* 
Integument 


VELAR 


m 


VENTER 


VELAR,  Erysimum. 

VBLLICATION,  Tic. 

VELOSYNTHESIS,  Stapbylorrapby. 

VELUM,  Velum  pendulum  palati — v.  Apopbysi 
vennrformi  obtentum,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  In- 
fterjectum  cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii  —  v.  Me- 
d  all  are  anticum,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

Velum  Medctlla'rI  Inpebius,  (F.)  Voile  mi- 
duUaire  infirieur.  A  name  given,  by  Reil,  to 
the  medullary  band  or  strip,  by  which  the  cere- 
bellum communicatee  with  the  medulla. 

Velum  Medclla'rS  Poste'rius  seu  Posti'cus 
ku  Skmiluna'rE,  Val'vula  Tari'ni.  The  small 
posterior  valve  of  the  cerebellum ;  a  thin  medul- 
lary plate,  situate  between  the  medulla  oblongata 
and  vermis  inferior,  in  front  of  the  nodulus. 

Velum  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati — v. 
Falatinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Velum  Pen'dulum  Pala'ti,  'Pendulous  veil 
of  the  palate.'  Velum,  Velum  Palati' num,  Velum 
Palati,  Velum  Pen'dulum,  Velum  Staphyli'num, 
Pala' turn  pen'dulum,  Pen'dulum  pala'ti,  Clauetrum 
Palati,  Soft  Palate,  Palatum  Molli,  (F.)  Septum 
Staph jflin  (Ch.),  Voile  du  Palaie.  A  moveable, 
soft,  and  broad  septum,  attached  to  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  separating  the 
mouth  from  the  pharynx.  It*  form  is  nearly 
quadrilateral.  Its  anterior  turf  ace  corresponds 
to  the  mouth;  the  posterior  to  the  pharynx.  Its 
superior  edge  is  fixed  to  the  palatine  arch ;  the 
inferior  is  free,  floating,  and  has  an  appendix  at 
its  middle  —  the  uvula.  The  lateral  margins  of 
the  velum  are  held  down  by  two  folds,  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  triangular  space ;  these  are 
called  the  pillars ;  the  anterior  passes  to  the  base 
of  the  tongue,  the  posterior  to  the  sides  of  the 
pharynx.  The  velum  palati  is  formed  of  a  mu- 
cous coat,  which  contains  numerous  follicles,  and 
of  a  muscular  stratum,  in  which  are  the  periata- 
phylini  intcrni  and  p.  extend  muscles,  the  glosso- 
staphylini,  the  pharyngo-staphylini  and  the  pa- 
lato-staphylinus.  The  arteries  of  the  velum  palati 
are  furnished  by  the  internal  maxillary,  the  labial 
and  the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are  sent  off  from 
the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come  from  the  pala- 
tine branches.  The  glosso-  pharyngeal  nerve, 
likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Velum  Staphylinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— r.  Vieussenii,  Valvula  Vieussenii 

VELVET  LEAF,  Pareira. 

VENA,  Vein,  Penis— v.  Alba  renum,  Ureter— 
v.  Alba  thoracis,  Thoracic  duct — v.  Apoplectica, 
Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta  vena, 
Pulmonary  artery— -v.  Capitis,  Cephalic  vein — v. 
Cava,  Cava  vena — v.  Cubiti  interior,  Basilic  vein 
— v.  Demiazygos,  see  Azygos — v.  Falcis  cerebri, 
Sinus  longitudinal  inferior — v.  Hemiazyga,  see 
Azygos — v.  Lactea,  Porta  vena— v.  Magna,  Porta 
vena — v.  Medina  Arabum,  Dracunculus — v.  Me- 
dinensis,  Dracunculus — v.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena — 
v.  Pari  carens,  Asygos,  (vena) — v.  Portalis,  Porta 
vena — v.  portarura,  Porta  vena  —  v.  ad  Portas, 
Porta  vena — v.  qua)  ad  Portas  est,  Porta  vena — 
v.  Ramalis,  Porta  vena — v.  sine  Pari,  Azygos, 
(vena) — v.  Stelechissa,  Porta  vena — v.  Subalaris, 
Vena  axillaris — v.  Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus. 

VEN.fi  APOPLECTIC M,  Jugular  veins— v. 
f!av»9  hepatis,  Hepatio  veins — v.  Centrales,  Intra- 
lobular veins — v.  Con  com i tea,  see  Vein — v.  Galeni, 
Choroid,  (veins) — v.  Innominate,  see  Innomina- 
tum  —  v.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins  —  v. 
LactesB,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v.  Lymphatics, 
Lymphatic  vessels  — v.  Mieantes,  (arteries,)  see 
Aitery— v.  Pulsatiles,  (arteries,)  see  Artery— v. 
Satellites,  see  Vein — v.  Soporales,  Jugular  veins 
—v.  Sphagitiaes,  Jugular  veins. 


VEN  JSSECTIO,  see  Blood-Jetnar—T.  Reni 
soria,  see  Blood-letting. 

VEN.fi  VORTICO'SAB.  ThcTeiaswiirtTra- 
cipally  form  the  external  or  venous  liver  V at 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye ;  so  called  fro«  ifc--'  r* 
culiar  arrangement;  from  vtrUx  sea  vtru,'% 
whirlpool/ 

VENAL,  Venous. 

VENEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 

VENENATION,  Poison,  PoiMSfflfc  Texs, 

VENENATUS,  Venomous. 

VENENOSE,  Venomous. 

VENENUM,  Poison,  Venom. 

VENE'REAL,  Vene'reue,  Apkroiuietu.  TV. 
nJrean,  (F.)  VfnSHen,  from  Venue,  'there- 
of pleasure.'  That  which  relates  to  the  pit*.* 
of  love.  In  a  more  restricted  sense,  th*  »"v 
venereal  is  synonymous  with  fypkilhir,  u.i  i*. 
with  typhili*.  Some  authors  hare  propow-i  c* 
those  diseases  should  be  called  tememl  »i  '• 
are  produced  by  excess  in  venery;  a**  & 
eyphilitie  should  be  limited  to  those  vkkt  *? 
the  result  of  impure  connexion.  It  is,  si* « w* 
in  the  same  sense  as  aphrodisiac,— adapwa  2 
excite  venereal  desire. 

Venereal  Dbsxbe,  Libido— v.  Dues*,  sj- 
philis. 

v£n£RIEN,  Venereal  This  ten**-* 
means  one  labouring  under  syphilis;  si  £»; " 
dee  vineriene. 

VENERIVAGUS,  Libidinous. 

VEN'ERY.  Same  etymon.  Thcpleasna- 
love.     Sexual  communication.    Coition. 

VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letdnj. 

VENIMEUX,  Venomous. 

VENIN,  Venom. 

VENOM,  Vene'num,  Tox'icum,  WsW**  \ 
Venin.  A  poisonous  fluid  secreted  bj^: 
animals,  as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  het^  ^ 
which  they  preserve  in  a  particular  raw* 
use  as  a  means  of  attack  or  defence.  !'•  -^ 
acoording  to  some,  from  virus,  as  the  U3*  '-' 
always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  »lif-  ~_? 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  reea« lL  - 
their  turn,  and  be  transmitted  to  other*. 

Venom,  Quickening,  Sperm— v.  Vital  iffj- 

VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tue,  Fe»W.  ' 
Venimeux.  An  epithet  applied  to  anifflais «  • 
have  a  secretion  of  venom,  as  the  riper,  i*y 
Bnake,  Ac.;  and,  by  some,  to  liquids  in  £'»^ 
mal  body,  which  have  been  so  perverted  lT  '.* 
vious  disease,  that  their  contact  oeearioaf  &  * 
mischief  in  sound  individuals  ;  at  siFP1' : 
hydrophobia.  Virus  is  more  commonly  «**  * 
this  case. 

VENOSITAS,  Venosity  —  v.  Sangniws  ** 
dominium  sanguinis  venosi 

VENOS'ITY,  VenoJita*,  Ve******}*' 
etate,  Venoue  eachex'ia,  Melon*'****  ^e,'"m'. 
univerea'lie,  from  vena,  'a  vein.'  A  foai.'  '  • 
which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the  blood  v  *  ; 
slowly;  is  more  venous;  and  the  ven-*?  .  J 
itself  in  greater  quantity.  This  stale  *  * i  * 
be  chiefly  observed  in  hemorrhoids,  p** :'  ' 
chondriasis,  melancholia,  Ac.  —  Puehelt 

VENOUS,    Venal,    Veno'n*.    Sa««  ^ 
Appertaining  to  a  vein,  or  to  the  Mood  ~ 
veins ;  as  venoue  cachexia,  venoue  poke.     f^ 

Venous  Cachexia,  Venosity  — t.  Hi*--  t 
de  DiabU  —  v.  State,  Venosity— v.  $*',". 
dominal,  Porta  vena —  v.  System,  »<•  »tf*fc 

VENOUSNESS,  Venosity. 

VENT,  Wind.  .  „ 

VENTER,  Abdomen,  Belly,  Utersf.  *^ 
venter  designates  the  maternal  parent***  ♦•  -^ 
dren.  Thus,  if  A  were  B's  chUd  by  hi- 1*1^ 
he  would  be  described  inUm^P' 


VENTEUX 


890 


VENTRICULI 


"A  died  seised,  leaving  tw<p  infant 
daughters  by  different  venters." 

Venter  Imus,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium,  Nei- 
fBra — v.  Inferius,  Abdomen — v,  Infimus,  Abdo- 
men— v.  Magnus,  Ingluviea — v.  Medius,  Thorax 
—v.  Parvus,  Hypogastrium — v.  Propendens,  Hy- 
steroloxia  anterior — v.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney —  v.  Supremus,  Cavum  cranii. 
VENTEUX,  Windy. 

VENTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  ventus, 
'wind/  The  act  of  renewing  the  air  of  vessels, 
hospitals,  and  apartments,  or  of  situations  where 
many  people  are  collected  together.  The  utility 
of  such  renewal  must  be  evident,  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  atmospheric  air  loses  its  oxygen 
during  respiration,  and  that  carbonic  acid  supplies 
its  place.  Stagnant  air,  also,  becomes  loaded 
with  numerous  impurities ;  and  hence  one  of  the 
greatest  hygienic  improvements,  of  modern  times, 
has  been  a  proper  attention  to  circulation  of  air. 
It  is,  moreover,  one  of  the  most  valuable  addi- 
tions to  oar  stock  of  therapeutical  agencies  in 
many  diseases. 

Instruments  used  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  air,  in  ships,  apartments,  Ac,  have  been 
called  ventilator*. 

VENTOSIT&,  Flatulence. 
VENTOSITY,  Flatulence.   . 
YEN  TO  USES  SCAR1F1EES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator. 

YENTOUSES  SECHES,  Cupping,  dry. 
VENTRAL,  Abdominal. 
Ventral  Hee'nia,  Her'nia  ventra'lis.    Direct 
hernia  occurring  in  any  part  of  the  abdomen.   It 
is  most  frequently  found  between  the  recti  mus- 
cles. 
VENTRALE,  Belt  (Russian). 
Ventral!  Cuta'neux,  'Cutaneous apron.'  (F.) 
Tablier.    An  elongation  of  the  nymph©  in  the 
Bo?jesman  female,  which  hangs  down  before  the 
vulva  like  an  apron. 

YENTREy  Abdomen— v.  Inferieur,  Abdomen 
—v.  Resserri,  Constipation. 

VENTRE  INSPICIENDO  DE,  see  De  ventre 
inspiciendo. 

VEN'TRICLE,  Ventric'ulus,  diminutive  of 
venter,  *  belly.'  Literally,  a  little  belly.  A  name 
given,  in  anatomy,  to  various  parts. 

Ventricle  of  Aran'tius.  A  small  cavity, 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ventricles  of  the  Brain,  Ventric'uli  seu  Ca- 
vita'tes  seu  Sinus  Cerebri,  (F.)  Ventrieules  du 
cerveau,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of  that 
organ,  which  are  distinguished  into  the  lateral 
ventricle*,  middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or 
ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  fifth  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  third  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
tricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  is  situate  in  front  of  the 
pineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the  tela 
choroidea  and  the  fornix ;  Moid,  by  a  portion  of 
cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it  from  the 
base  of  the  cranium ;  laterally,  by  the  thalami 
nervorum  opticornm ;  anteriorly,  by  a  medullary 
cord,  called  the  anterior  commissure;  and,  poste- 
riorly, by  another  medullary  cord,  called  the  pos- 
terior commissure.  It  communicates  with  the 
lateral  ventricles  by  two  openings,  situate  behind 
the  anterior  pillar  or  eras  of  the  fornix.  The 
Lateral  ventricles,  Ventric'uli  later  a' Us,  V.  mag- 
n»,  V.  majo'res,  V.prio'res,  V.  superio'rte,  V.  tri- 
cor'nee,  (F.)  Ventrieules  latiraux,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  large,  and,  owing  to  their  consi- 
derable curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of  the 
cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum ;  ante- 
riorly, by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same  body; 
posteriorly,  by  a  considerable  mass  of  cerebral 


substance,*  and,  internally,  they  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  septum  of  the  ventricles, 
—  a  medullary  plate,  which  is  given  off  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum.  The  lateral 
ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and  anterior  por- 
tion, the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami  optici,  Lnd 
Taenia  semicircularis : —  their  inferior  portion 
contains  the  corpus  Jimbriatum,  cornu  Ammonis, 
Ac.  The  Fourth  ventricle,  Ventriculus  cerebclli 
seu  quartus,  V.  Aran'tii,  Sinus  rhomboV deus,  (F.) 
Quatrilme  ventricule,  is  situate  beneath  the  aque- 
duct of  Sylvius,  by  which  it  communicates  with 
the  third  ventricle.  It  extends  from  this  aque- 
duct to  the  upper  part  of  the  medulla;  and  is 
seated  in  the  substance  of  the  tuber  annulare. 
The  Fifth  ventricle,  Ventric'ulus  septi  pellu'cidi, 
Tncisu'ra  septi,  (F.)  Cinquilme  ventricule,  is  the 
small  serous  cavity  between  the  laminae  of  the 
septum  luoidum ;  called,  also,  Fissure  or  Fossa 
of  Sylvius  or  Sinus  of  the  septum  lu'cidum. 

Ventricles  of  the  Heart,  Ventric'uli  cordis, 
Specus  cordis,  (F.)  Ycntricules  du  ccntr,  are  two 
in  number.  The  Right  ventricle,  Pulmonary  ven- 
tricle, Ventric'ulus  anterior,  V.  primus,  V.  pulmo- 
na'lis,  (F.)  Ventricule  droit  ou  pulmonaire,  is 
situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  heart,  the  base  and 
apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the  heart  In  it 
are  seen  the  Golumna  carnca  and  Oordm  tendinea. 
The  right  ventricle  communicates  with  the  right 
auricle  by  the  Ostium  venosum,  and  from  it  the 
Pulmonary  artery  arises.  Around  the  auricular 
orifice  is  a  tendinous  margin  or  ring,  from  which 
the  tricuspid  valve  is  given  off.  The  use  of  the 
ventricle  is  to  send  the  blood,  by  its  contraction, 
along  the  pulmonary  artery  to  the  lungs.  The 
Left  ventricle,  Ventric'ulus  aor'ticus,  V.  posterior, 
F.  secundus,  (F.)  Ventricule  gauche  ou  aortique, 
is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  left  part  of  the 
heart.  Its  parietcs  are  much  thicker  and  stronger 
than  those  of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to 
send  the  blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner 
surface  has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  Columna  carnea  and  Cordm 
tendineai  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates with  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Mitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  the  body  —  the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Larynx,  Sac'culi  laryngei, 
Sinuses  of  the  larynx,  (F.)  Yentricules  ou  Sinus 
du  larynx,  are  two  depressions  in  the  larynx, 
comprised  between  the  superior  and  inferior  liga- 
ments. 

Ventricle,  Pulmonary,  V.  right 

VENTRICULAR,  Ventricula'ris.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Ventricle.    Relating  to  a  ventricle. 

VENTRICULE  AORTIQUE,  Ventricle,  left 
—  v.  Oinquih'me,  Ventricle,  fifth  —  v.  Droit,  Ven- 
tricle, rignt — v.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Moyen 
du  Cerveau,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Pulmonaire,  Ventricle,  right — o.  Quatrihne,  Ven- 
tricle, fourth. 

YENTRICULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Ventri- 
cles of  the  brain  —  v.  du  Catur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  Latiraux,  Ventricles,  lateral. 

VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  Dilatatio,  Gastrectasts — v.  Dissolutio, 
Gastro-malacia — v.  Durae  matris,  Sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater  —  v.  Emollitio,  Gastro-malacia  —  v. 
Exulceratio,  Gastrelcosis  —  v.  Flnxus,  Gastror- 
rhoea —  v.  Inflammatio,  Gastritis  —  v.  Laterales, 
see  Ventricles,  lateral  of  the  brain  —  v.  Magni, 
Ventricles,  lateral,  of  the  brain — v.  Majores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral — v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis, 
Gastro-malacia — v.  Perforatio,  Gastro-hrosis — v. 
Priores,  Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Pseudophlogosis 
resolutiva  et  colliquative  Gastro-malacia  —  v. 
Superiores,  Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Tricornea, 
Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Ulceration  Gastrelcosia, 


VEOTRICULUS 


VERBENA 


VEKTRICULUS,  Stomach,  Ventricle— v.  An- 
terior, Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Aorticus,  Ventricle, 
left — t.  Arantii,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Ventriculcs  Callosus,  'Callous  stomach.' 
The  gizzard  or  third  stomach  of  the  gallinaceous 
bird.  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied  or  digastric 
muscle ;  is  lined  by  a  firm  cuticle,  and  forms  a 
kind  of  pouch,  depending  from  the  alimentary 
tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach  terminates, 
and  from  which  the  duodenum  or  Ventriculus 
luccenturia'tus  issues.  In  the  interior  of  the  giz- 
zard there  are  numerous  pebbles,  which  seem  to 
be  destined  to  aid  in  the  trituration  of  the  food. 
The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of  mastication,  and  is 
possessed  of  great  muscular  power. 

Ventriculus  Cerebelli,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain  —  v.  Posterior,  Ventricle,  left  —  v.  Primus, 
Ventricle,  right — v.  Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right 
—  v.  Quartus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Secundus,  Ventricle,  left — t.  Septi  Pellucidi,  see 
Ventricles  of  the  brain — v.  Suocenturiatus,  Duo- 
denum. 

VENTRILOQ TJE,  Engastrimythos. 

VENTRILOQUISM,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimythos. 

VENTRILOQUY,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTROSITAS,  Physconia, 

VENTUS,  Wind. 

VEN'ULA,  Phlebion,  diminutive  of  Vena,  See 
Vein.  A  small  vein.  Hippocrates  seems  to  use 
it  in  the  same  sense  as  Arteria. 

VENULE  CENTRALES,  Intralobular  reins 
—v.  Intralobular,  Intralobular  veins. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cuprum— v.  Crystals 
of,  Cupri  subacetas  —  v.  Oryttaux  de,  Cupri  sub- 
acetas. 

VER  CUCURBITAIN,  Taenia  solium  —  ©. 
Cutanf,  Dracunculus — v.  Filaire,  Dracunculus — 
r.  de  Guin(e,  Dracunculus — v.  Luieant,  Cicindela 
— r.  de  Midine,  Dracunculus — v.  Solitaire,  Both- 
riocephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRFNA,  Vera'tria,  Ver'atrine.  A  ve- 
getable alkali,  found  in  the  seeds  of  Vera'trum 
iabadil'la,  V.  ojfficina'U,  Helo'nias  officina'lU,  and 
Asagra'a  officinalis,  which  are  known  in  com- 
merce under  the  names  CebadilVa,  CevadiWa, 
and  Sabadill'a,  and  are  imported  from  Mexico. 
They  usually  occur,  in  commerce,  mixed  with 
the  fruit  of  the  plant,  are  two  or  three  lines  long, 
of  a  black  colour,  and  are  shining,  flat,  shriveled, 
winged,  and  elastic  seeds.  Veratrine  is  solid, 
white,  pulverulent,  and  inodorous;  of  a  very 
acrid  taste ;  decomposable  by  heat;  very  soluble 
in  water,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  When  prepared 
in  the  usual  manner,  it  still  contains  other  sub- 
stances,—  SabadiVlin,  Ver'atrin,  gum  resin,  of 
the  sabadilla,  and  black  greasy  matter.  It  is 
extremely  poisonous,  and  but  little  used  inter- 
nally in  medicine.  Magendie  has  given  it  as 
an  emetic  and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.  It 
has  been  recommended  to  be  applied  in  the 
way  of  friction,  or  endemically,  (from  gr.  v  to 
xx  to  Jj  of  lard  or  cerate,)  in  various  neuralgic 
affections.  The  following  is  the  formula  for  its 
preparation  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  Uni- 
ted States: — Take  of  cevadilla,  Ibjj;  alcohol, 
2  gallons ;  svlphurio  acid,  solution  of  ammonia, 
purified  animal  charcoal,  and  magnesia,  each  a 
sufficient  quantity.  Boil  the  cevadilla  in  a  gallon 
of  the  aloonol,  in  a  retort  with  a  receiver  attached, 
for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  To  the 
residue  add  another  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  toge- 
ther with  the  portion  recently  distilled;  again 
boil  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  Repeat 
the  boiling  a  third  time  with  the  remaining  alco- 
hol, and  with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  ope- 
ration.   Press  the  cevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the 


liquors,  and,  by  means  of  a  water-hath,  &£  rf 
the  alcohol.  Boil  the  residue  three  or  fear  tae 
in  water  acidulated  with  sulphuric  ao&  ej 
and  strain  the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  ti-?  ?-:- 
sistence  of  syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  sl&:  a* 
cess,  shake  the  mixture  frequently,  then  exprM 
and  wash  what  remains.  Repeat  the  eipr~  t 
and  washing  two  or  three  times,  sad  bin? 
dried  the  residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentk  i~~ 
several  times  in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  ttd  :■ 
gestion.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  ik*  -i-. 
liquor,  boil  the  residue  for  fifteen  mim.:- : 
water  with  a  little  snlphuric  acid  and  yc*  ■ 
animal  charcoal,  and  strain.  Having  thcr*-- 
washed  what  remains,  mix  the  washingi  «!:  -• 
strained  liquor,  evaporate  with  a  modem;  a-. 
to  the  consistence  of  syrup,  and  then  dn  p  2  - 
much  solution  of  ammonia  as  may  be  a*:>*7 
to  precipitate  the  veratria.  Lastly,  efpanv  k*. 
dry  the  precipitate.     See  Colchicum  annex  . 

VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  HeUeh'or*  -  A 
ElUb'orum  album,  EUeboru*  albus,  Chen,  - . 
White  hellebore,  (P.)  HelUbore  blame.  Sti.  \> 
Polygamia  Monoecia.  JVb*.  Ord.  Mdia-'** 
(Lindley.)  The  root  or  rbixoma  of  this  res  • 
European  plant  is  indebted  to  the  venire" 
its  properties.  It  is  inodorous ;  has  a  fcnr 
acrid,  nauseous  taste,  and  is  violently  emec.'  — 
purgative,  even  when  applied  to  an  ulcerard  o 
face.  It  is,  also,  possessed  of  errhiae  prp^c-. 
and  acts,  externally,  as  a  stimulant  It  is  "^ . 
exhibited  internallv.  Sometimes  it  is  pret  * » 
meeting  powder;  but  it  operates  with  gra: :'- 
lence.  It  forms,  also,  an  itch  omtnesi  x 
Ung.  VeratrL 

Veratrum  Lutein*,  Chamselirium  Istees. 

VerATRUM  SaBADIL'la,  SabadiUa*  &*-  ' 
Canie  Interfecftor,  Cans' ticum  America'***  *'•  *■ 
dil'la  Hiepano'run,  Scvadilla,  Hor'desn  w*'- 
cum,  ( F. )  OevadilU.  The  seeds  of  this  e!»ei  - 
been  used,  mostly  as  anthelmintics.  Ikw.r 
to  a  child,  four  years  old.  It  possess*  tk*  *i* 
general  properties  as  the  veratrum  alhea. 

Veratru*  Vir'idB,  America*  B'<  '• 
Swamp  hellebore,  Indian  poke,  Imiim  r  '"■ 
Poke  wed,  Bear  weed,  Itch  weed,  7kK« 
Earth  gall,  Devitbit,  Wolf  bane,  Pvppt  *  * 
indigenous  in  the  swampy  districts  of  1^  > 
every  part  of  the  United  States.  Its  pr^v 
are  like  those  of  the  genus. 

VERBASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 

VERBASCUM  ALBUM,  V.  thapsus-r.  U 
turn,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Collinum,  V.  tiar^- 
Crassifolium,  V.  thapsus — v.  Elongatum.  V.  ■£- 
sus — v.  Lychnitis,  V.  thapsus — v.  MobUbh*  * 
thapsus. 

Verbas'cuk  NiQRtJir,  Black  JfcVfaV  C^- 
re'gia,  Thapsus  barba'tus,  Taps**  barbs'1** '  - 
dela'ria,  Lana'ria;  and  VerbasVtx  T§**n 
V.  thapsoVdcs  seu  ala'tum  seu  colICnwrn  »r»  ■* '  ' 
sen  eranifo'lium  seu  elonga'tttm  sen  If*'  ' 
seu  numta'num  seu  rimpUx,  Phlegm**.  P»  *' 
Phlox,  great  broad-leaved  MnUein,  B*$l  ** 
Covfe  Lungwort,  or  YeUote  Mmilrin,  (F.I  -v 
Bouillon  blanc ;   Family,  Solanese ;  S--'  >  - 
Pentandria  Monogynia, — especially  the b*~' ' 
have  been  used  as  emollient*  applied  er*^ 
in  the  form  of  fomentation.     The  iarg*  * :* 
have  been  chosen  for  this  purposeu    0*^ 
ally,  the  mucilage  which  they  contain  fe*  ^ 
extracted  by  decoction  or  infusion,  and  *&** 
tered  in  pectoral  affections. 

Verbascum  Smplbx,  V.  thapems— ▼.  ^ 
soides,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thapsus,  see  T.  ftir** 

VERBE'NA  HASTA'TA,  an  Aaenas^ 
cies,  is  more  bitter  than  the  European,  0-  •** 
to  be  emetic 

Verbe'ma  Opficih a'lis,  Veritmrn,  Die**** 


VERBENACA 


001 


VERS 


Verbena*  ca,  Periste'rium,  Hicrobot'ani,  Herba 
Macro,  Vervain,  Purvain,  (F.)  Verveine.  Family, 
Pyrenacese.  Sext.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  A 
plant  formerly  held  sacred;  used  in  sacrifices, 
and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an  amulet.  In 
the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  is  said  to  have  reliered 
obstinate  headache,  and  to  have  been  of  service 
in  scrofula.     It  is  not  used. 

Vbrbb'na  Urticifo'lia,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Rhus  Toxi- 
codendron. 

VERBENACA,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VERBESINA  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  Ac- 
mella. 

VERBUS,  Penis. 

VER  CO  Q  UIN,  Pkreni'tis  vermino'sa.  A  form 
of  phrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain ! 

VERDET,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERDIGRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERENDA,  Genital  organs. 

VERETRUM,  Penis. 

VERGE,  Penis  —  v.  d"Or,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

VERGERETTE  DE  PHILADELPHIE, 
Brigeron  Philadelphicum. 

VERQETURES,  Vibices. 

VERJUICE,  Ompha'cium,  (P.)  Verfus,  Verdjus. 
A  sour  kind  of  grape.  Also,  an  acid  liquor,  pre- 
pared from  very  sour  grapes  or  crab-apples.  It 
is  principally  used  in  culinary  preparations ;  al- 
though, occasionally,  an  ingredient  in  medicinal 
compounds.     See  Vitis  vinifera. 

VERJUS,  Verjuice. 

VERMES,  Worms— v.  Cerebri,  Choroid  plexus. 

VERMICULAIRE  BR  UL  ANTE,  Sedum.' 

VERMICULAR,  Vermiform. 

VERMICULARIS,  Lumbricalis,  Sedum. 

VERMICULI  SPERMATICI,  Spennatoioa. 

VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermyc'ilum.  An  elixir;  a 
tincture.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

V  ERMICULUS  CAPILLARIS,  Dracnncnlus. 

VER'MIFORM,  Vermic'ular,  Vermicula'ris, 
Vermifor'mis,  from  vermis,  *  a  worm/  and  forma, 
*  form.'    That  which  resembles  a  worm. 

Verm'iforx  Proc"esses,  Proces'sus  Vermi- 
form'ee,  Protuberant ti<B  vermiformes,  Montic'uli 
cerebcl'li,  Appendices  vermiformes,  Vermis,  Worm, 
(F.)  Eminences  vermiformes  du  eervelei,  are  two 
medullary  projections,  at  the  surface  of  the  cere- 
bellum. The  superior  vermiform  process,  Vermis 
superior  eerebelli,  is  an  elongated  projection,  at 
the  anterior  and  middle  part  of  the  superior  sur- 
face of  the  cerebellum; — and  the  inferior  vermi- 
form process,  Vermis  inferior  eerebelli,  Pyr'amid 
of  Malacarne,  is  a  somewhat  large  projection, 
situate  in  the  depression  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  same  organ.  The  inferior  vermiform  pro- 
cess is  usually  described  as  consisting  of  three 
portions — the  pyramid,  the  uvula,  and  the  nodu- 
lus.  The  anterior  portion  of  the  superior  vermi- 
form process  is  elevated,  and  termed  MontWulu*. 

VERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic. 

Vermifuge,  Mathieu's.  This  consisted  of  two 
distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing,  the  other 
for  expelling  tape-worm.  The  former  is  made 
of  an  ounce  of  tin  filings,  and  six  drachms  otfern 
root. 

VERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic. 

VERMILION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

VERMILLON  DE  PROVENCE,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

VERMINATIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERMINATION,  CUTANEOUS,  Malls. 

VERMWEUX,  Verminous. 

VERM'INOUS,  Vermino'sus,  (F.)  Vermineux. 
That  which  is  caused  by  worms ;  as  a  verminous 
affection. 


VERMIS,  Vermiform  processes — v.  Bombyci- 
nus,  Cornu  ammonia  —  v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform 
process — v.  Cerebri,  Fever,  Hungary — r.  Cucur- 
bitinus,  Taenia  solium  —  v.  Digiti,  Paronychia. 

VERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERNIX  CASEO'SA,  'cheesy  varnish/  The 
fatty  varnish,  or  deposit,  often  found  on  the  foetus, 
which  is  secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Vernix  Sicca,  Sandarac. 

VERNO'NIA  ANTHELMIN'TICA,  Ascari'- 
cida  anthelmin'tica,  Calagirah,  Calageri,  A  plant 
which  is  indigenous  in  India.  Family,  Compo- 
site. Sex,  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  Indies, 
and  is  a  bitter  tonic;  but  the  seeds  are  ohiefly 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  lumbrioi  in  children. 

Verno'nia  Noveboracen'sis,  Iron  weed,  Flat 
top;  an  indigenous  plant;  whose  purple  flowers 
appear  in  August  and  September,  is  reported  to 
possess  cathartic  properties. 

V&ROLE,  Syphilis  —  v.  Petite,  Variola— «. 
Petite  volante,  Varicella. 

ViROLETTE,  Varicella. 

VERONI'CA,  Veronica  officinalis  sen  Tourne- 
for'tii,  Veronica  mas,  Thea  Oerman'ica,  Beton'ica 
Pauli,  Chama'drys,  Male  Veronica,  Fluellin,  Offi» 
cinal  Speedwell,  (F.)  Vironique,  Tht  d' Europe. 
Familu,  Rhinanthodese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Mo- 
nogynia.   This  plant  was  once  used  as  a  pectoral. 

Veronica  Aquatic  a,  V.  beccabunga. 

Veronica  Beccabun'ga,  Beccabunga,  Ana- 
gal' lis  aquat'ica,  Laver  German' icwtn,  Veronica 
aquat'ica,  Cepa'a,  Water  Pim'pernel,  Brooklime, 
Brooklime  Speedwell,  Water  Speedwell,  Neck- 
weed,  Water  Purslain,  (F.)  Vironique  creesonfe. 
This  plant  was  formerly  used  in  a  variety  of  dis- 
eases. It  is,  however,  almost  insipid  and  inodo- 
rous ;  and  has  been  long  banished  from  practice. 

Veronica  Mas,  Veronica — v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
ronica. 

Veronica  Pbregri'nA,  Neckweed,  Purslain, 
Speedwell;  indigenous;  flowering  from  April  to 
June,  is  given  internally  in  scrofulosis,  and  is 
applied  as  a  wash  to  scrofulous  tumours. 

Veronica  Purpurea,  Betonica  officinalis — v. 
Tournefortii,  Veronica — v.  Virginica,  Leptandra 
Virginica. 

VHRONTQUE,  Veromc*— v.  Oressonie,  Vero- 
nica beccabunga. 

VERPA,  Penis. 

VERRE,  Vitram  —  v.  d'Antimoine,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

VERRU'CA,  diminutive  Verru'cula,  Ecphy'ma 
verruca,  Phymato'sis  verruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (F.) 
Verrue.  A  small,  hard,  mamillary  tumour,  which 
forms  at  the  surface  of  the  skin,  and  particularly 
on  that  of  the-  hands  and  face.  Warts  are  gene- 
rally rugous  at  the  surface,  and  broad  at  the 
base;  their  roots  being  implanted  in  the  derma 
by  whitish  filaments,  which  are  dense,  semifi- 
brous,  and  very  numerous. 

Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  removed 
by  excision.  Their  vitality  is,  generally,  not 
great. 

Verruca  Carnosa,  Condyloma — v.  Formica- 
ria,  Formica — v.  Minor,  Thymion — v.  Palpebra- 
rum, see  Hydatid — v.  Pensilis,  Acrochordon — v. 
Rhagoldea,  Thymion. 

VERRFCARIA,  Calendula  officinalis,  Belie- 
tropium  Europseum. 

VERRUCOSE,  Warty. 

VERRUCOUS,  Warty. 

VERRUCULA,  Verruca. 

VERRUE,  Verruca. 

VERS,  Worms. 


VERSE-CHARMS 


902 


VERTEBRAL 


VERSE -CHARMS,  see  Charm. 

VERSIO,  Turning  — v.  Foetus,  Turning  — v. 
Spontanea,  Evolution  spontaneous  —  v.  Uteri, 
Hysteroloxia. 

VERSION,  Turning. 

VERT-DE-OBIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  Axis  — v.  Dorsi 
Prima,  Lophia  —  v.  Lumborum  Prima,  Asphal- 
tites  — v.  Magna,  Sacrum. 

VER'TEBRJE,  Spon'dyli,  (F.)  Vcrtibres;  from 
vertere,  'to  turn/  This  name  has  been  given  to 
the  bones,  which  by  their  union  form  the  verte- 
bral or  spinal  column.  The  vertebrae  are  short, 
thick,  very  angular  bones  ;  twenty-four  in  num- 
ber, and  situate  one  above  another.  The  body — 
centrum,  of  Owen — of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle 
and  anterior  portion.  Above  and  below  it  is 
articulated,  by  means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with 
the  contiguous  vertebrae.  The  Processes,  (F.) 
Masses  apophytaires,  of  each  vertebra  are :  —  1. 
The  spinous  process,  situate  behind,  and  in  the 
median  line.  2.  The  two  transverse  processes, 
standing  off  from  each  side.  3.  The  four  articu- 
lar or  oblique  processes —  zygapophyses,  of  Owen 
—  two  superior,  and  two  inferior — which  serve 
to  unite  the  vertebrae  with  each  other.  These 
transverse  and  articulating  prooesses  are  made 
continuous  with  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  body  of  the  vertebra  by  narrow  bony  por- 
tions or  pedicles,  on  each  of  which  are  notches. 
These,  by  their  union  with  similar  notches  in  the 
contiguous  vertebra,  form  the  lateral  foramina, 
(F.)  Trout  de  conjugaison,  through  which  the 
spinal  nerves  leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The 
different  processes  are  united  with  each  other,  so 
as  to  form  a  kind  of  ring  of  the  lateral  and  pos- 
terior parts  of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen, 
within  this, — that  is,  between  the  body  and  pro- 
cesses, —  concurs  in  forming  the  vertebral  canal. 
The  vertebra)  have  particular  characters,  accord- 
ing to  the  regions  they  occupy.  They  are  divided 
into  seven  cervical,  twelve  donal,  and  five  lumbar. 
The  first  cervical  is  called  atlas;  the  second,  axU 
or  vertebra  dentata ;  and  the  seventh,  vertebra 
protminens.  The  vertebras  are  articulated  with 
each  other.  Those  of  the  back  are  joined,  more- 
over, to  the  ribs.  The  first  or  atlas  is  articulated 
with  the  occipital  bone;  and  the  last  lumbar  ver- 
tebra with  the  sacrum.  The  cervical  vertebras 
are  developed  by  nine  points  of  ossification ;  the 
dorsal  and  lumbar  by  eight 

VER'TEBRAL,  Vertebra'lis.  That  whioh  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  vertebras. 

Vertebral  Artery,  Posterior  cerebral  artery, 
(Ch.,)  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the  sub- 
clavian. It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  that 
vessel;  is  lodged  in  a  canal,  (F.)  Petit  canal  ver- 
tebral, formed  by  the  foramina  in  the  transverse 
processes;  enters  the  cranium,  and  proceeds  to 
anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  to  form  the  Basilary  artery.  Besides  the 
branches  sent  to  the  neck,  the  vertebral  artery 
gives  off  the  anterior  and  posterior  spinal  arteries, 
and  the  inferior  cerebellous,  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium. 

Vertebral  Columk,  Rachis,  Rhachis,  Notos, 
Acnes' tis;  the  Spine;  the  back  bone,  Cari'na,  C 
hom'inis,  Spina  dorsi  seu  vertebra'lis,  Oolum'na 
spina' Ha,  ft  vertebra'lis,  ft  dorsi,  Spina  Dorsum, 
Tergum,  Com  pa' yea  Vertebra' rum,  Acan'tha,  Sacra 
fie9  tula,  Hi' era  Syrinx,  (F.)  Oolonne  vertibrale, 
J&vins  du  dos,  E chine.  A  kind  of  bony  column, 
Hit-date  at  the  posterior  and  central  part  of  the 
trunk ;  extending  from  the  head  to  the  sacrum ; 
flexible  in  every  direction,  yet  very  solid  and 
hollowed  by  a  canal  called  vertebral,  which  gives 
it  lightness  without  diminishing  its  strength,  and 
runs  through  its  whole  length.    The  vertebral 


column  is  formed  by  the  raperpoaaosGftLeT* 
tebrse.  It  represents  a  pyramid,  who«  l«  J 
below.  Anteriorly,  it  is  convex  in  the  s*a 
concave  in  the  back,  and  convex,  agaii,  i:  -! 
loins.  Behind,  the  curvatures  are  of  cos.***  if 
reverse  of  these.  There  is  also,  in  the  d -.t±  r> 
gion,  a  lateral  curvature,  the  concavity  vf  u  1 
is  towards  the  left  side.  Considered  as  a  »:  > 
the  vertebral  column  has  an  alienor  or  ynn- 
surface;  a  posterior  or  spinal;  two  latf.  i 
base  ;  and  an  apex  or  top.  In  the  nonet  .i^ 
of  Chaus8ier,  the  anterior  surface,  in  the  lai 
called  trachelian ;  in  the  back,  predore:  a. 
in  the  loins,  prelumbar.  The  dorsal  surfit-s :? 
at  its  middle,  the  spinous  processes ;  aai  *; : 
sides,  the  vertebral  gutters,  (F.)  GouttKnt  v*- 
brales,  formed  by  the  succession  of  the  rf  ■- 
plates,  (F.)  Lames  verUbrales,  which,  Ij  •in- 
junction, constitute  the  spinous  process  T1- 
are  filled  by  the  sacro-spinalis  muscle.  Tb  *'*■* 
or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina  wth 
from  the  union  of  the  vertebral  atfck*.  .«' 
£chancrures  vertebrates.  These  are  ealk-i  ir*- 
bral  foramina,  (F.)  Trous  de  conjugate*.  & 
give  passage  to  the  vertebral  nervea.  Tut  t* 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  n:tt  *  - 
the  sacrum ;  and  forms  with  it  an  angle.  &-< 
sacro-vertebral  angle  or  promontonf.  Tie  ?/- 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated  T- 
the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  tens  t*"*- 
bral  column  includes  the  whole  of  the  c;. -: 
from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity^- 
coccyx.  The  Vertebral  or  Spinal  Csnsl  I 
chid' tan  Canal,  Solen,  Cana'lis  medmil*  Jjf •»:■ 
lis,  Specus  pro  medulVa  Spina'li  sea  nrtt'y 
exists  through  the  whole  of  the  vertebral  p.  l-n 
whose  curvatures  it  follows.  It  is  eontk:  c 
above,  with  the  cranium ;  below,  with  ih*  r-  * 
canal,  if  we  consider  the  vertebras  to  ters^ 
at  the  sacrum.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolog  ** 
the  meninges,  forming  the  Tktca  we***  K 
and  lodges  the  spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  fifte* 
with  solidity,  serves  to  support  th«  attS  & 
chest  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  movements  ••:* 
trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmit!  u  -« 
pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal  w&* 
and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves,  «a,J 
numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  RacAiargia  (of**4 
Caries  of  the  Ver'tebra,  Sfrondytartlnc'**^** 
dyloc'aci,  Kypho'sis  injfammau/ria,  £.  J** 
lyt'ica,  Gibbos'itas  cartVra,  Ca'rit*  «^*H' 
rum,  Spondylalgia,  Spondy[opyQ'sis,T*btir%  fl 
Vertebra'rum.  The  spinal  column  is  la-'* 
distortion,  (see  Hump,)  at  times,  without  tfc:  v* 
tebne  being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  ?v 
times,  a  more  formidable  affection  is  indoee-i.  » 
vertebra  becoming  carious,  and  the  iLfcns* 
bral  cartilages  ulcerated ;  followed  hy  a  ds*  j 
less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the  lower  «]* 
initios.  In  such  case,  on  examining  the  >?**• 
one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes  if  buy 
project  beyond  the  rest  The  disease  *a?  t> 
well  described  by  Mr.  Percival  Pott;  and.k=-' 
it  has  been  called,  by  the  French,  JT«ii*f  . 
Pott,  (Malum  Pot'tii,  Gibbus  Poftii.  or  /■"• 
disease.)  It  usually  occurs  in  aerofoke?*" 
jects,  and  the  treatment  consists  in  esUb^g 
a  counter-irritation  by  blisters,  issues,  *  ~ 
moxa,  opposite  the  transverse  proeewes  ■<  -' 
diseased  vertebra?.  The  sore  must  be  ^^ 
remain  open  and  the  patient  kept  in  the i*^" 
tal  posture  until  the  use  of  the  limbs  is  w**1^! 
employing  tonics,  the  free  admission  of  ins-*" 
Ac,  at  the  same  time. 

Vertebral  Lig'amests,  (F.)  ligam^  £ 
tfbraux,  Surtouts  ligamenteux  de  la  «&**  ** 


VERTiBRES 


903 


VESICULA 


tibrale,  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous  cover- 
ings; the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior  part 
of  the  vertebral  column ;  and  the  posterior  seem- 
ing to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  ligament,  and 
seated  behind  the  bodies  of  the  vertebra,  from 
the  axis  to  jthe  sacrum. 
Vertebral  Nerve,  Trisplanchinc. 
Vertebral  Nerves,  Spinal  Nerves,  spring 
successively  from  the  spinal  marrow;  from  its 
origin  to  its  termination.  These  nerves — 30  pairs 
in  all — arise  by  two  roots ;  one  anterior,  from  the 
anterior  or  an'tero-lat'eral  column  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  and  the  other  posterior,  from  the  poste- 
rior column,  and  afterwards  issue  by  the  verte- 
bral and  sacral  foramina.  Each  of  these  roots 
seems  to  have  a  distinct  function ;  the  posterior 
being  destined  to  convey  sensation  to  parts ;  the 
anterior,  motion.     On  the  posterior  root,  before 

,      its  junction  with  the  anterior,  there  is  a  ganglion. 
Of  the  30  pairs,  7  are  cervical  nerve*,  12  dorsal, 
b  lumbar,  and  6  sacral.    See  Nerves. 
VERTJtBRES,  Vertebra. 
VERTEBRODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 
/VERTBBRO-ILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-ltim- 
bar  ligament 

VERTEX,    Co^yphi,    Acrori'a,    Spon'dylus. 

\      The  top  or  highest  part  of  the  head.  See  Sinciput 

,  Vertex   Cordis,  Mucro  Cordis  —  v.   Cubiti, 

Olecranon  — v.  Palpitans,  Fontanella. 
VERTIBULUM,  Trepan. 

'  VERTICULA,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUM,  Articulation. 
VERTICULUS,  Articulation. 
VERTIGE,  Vertigo. 

\  VERTIGINOUS,  Vertiginous,  (P.)  Vertigi- 

neux.   Relating  or  pertaining  to  vertigo.    Giddy. 

|  VERTI'GO,   from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Dinos, 

,  Jlin'gos,  Oid'diness,  Diz'ziness,  Dinus  verti'go, 
Hallucina'tio  vertigo,  Autal'gia  vertigo,  Oircum- 

1      gyra'tio,   Swimming  of  the  head,  (F.)    Vertige, 

(  JStourdissement.  A  state  in  which  it  seems  that 
all  objects  are  turning  round ;  or  that  the  indivi- 

1      dual  himself  is  performing  a  movement  of  gyra- 

1      tjon.     Two  varieties  have  been  designated;  — 

1  simple  vertigo,  where  the  objects  are  seen ;  and 
scotodynia,  in  which  the  sight  is  obscured,  and 

|  the  individual  often  falls.  Vertigo  is  dependent 
upon  the  condition  of  the  brain ;  and  often  an- 
nounces an  attack  of  apoplexy  or  epilepsy. 

'  Vertigo  Tenebricosa,  Scotodynia. 

1  VERUGAS   (6.),  from  verruca.    A  pecnliar 

1  disease  affecting  certain  localities  of  Peru,  which 
manifests  itself  by  sore-throat,  pains  in  the  bones, 

1  and  other  febrile  symptoms.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  days,  an  eruption  of  red  pimples  or  boils  ap- 

i  pears.  These  sometimes  increase  in  magnitude 
till  they  become  nearly  as  large  as  an  egg, 
and  discharge  blood  oopiously.  It  is  asoribed  to 
the  water  of  certain  springs  in  the  valleys,  and 

i  especially  in  that  of  Surea :  called  Agua  de  Ve- 
ruga.  —  TschudL 

i  VERUMONTANUM,  GallinaginU  caput 

i  VERVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VERVE INE,  Verbena  officinalis. 
VESA'NIA,    Veea'nia,   'madness.'   Derange- 
ment of  the  Intellectual  and  moral  faculties,  with- 
out coma  or  fever.    Many  nosologists  have  used 
this  as  a  generic  term ;  under  which  they  have 
included  the  different  species  of  mental  alienation, 
hypochondriasis,  somnambulism,  and  even  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Nosology. 
Vesania  Mania,  Mania. 
Vesania,  Insanity. 

VESICA  BILIARrA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Cordis, 
Bee  Pericardium — v.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder — v.  In- 
teetinales,  Vesical*  umbilicalis— v.  Prostatic*,  see 


Ejaoulatory  Ducts — v.  Saccata,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bladder  —  v.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 
Vesica  Irritabilitas,   Cysterethismus  —  v. 
Unguinosa}  tendinum,  Bursa)  muoossD. 

VESICAL,  Vesica' lis,  from  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der/ That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  bladder. 
Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  origin. 
The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  off  two  or 
three  :  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  internal  pudic, 
and  obturator  furnish  others,  which  ramify  and 
anastomose  in  the  parietes  of  the  bladder;  the 
hypogastric  furnishes  one  which  is  somewhat 
larger,  the  Vesico-prostatic  (Ch.),  and  proceeds 
to  the  bas-fond  of  the  bladder,  sending  numerous 
ramifications  to  it  as  well  as  to  the  surrounding 
parts. 

Vesical  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  Ganglion  — 
v.  Triangle,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

Vesical  Veins,  much  more  numerous  than  the 
arteries,  open  into  the  hypogastric  plexus. 
Vesicant,  Blister,  EpispasUc. 
VESICARIUM,  Ovarium. 
VESICATION,  Vesica' tio;  same  etymon,  (F.) 
Ve'sication.     The  action  of  a  vesicant     The 
formation  of  blisters. 

ViSlCATOIRE,  Blister— v.  Magistral,  Ma- 
gistral. 
VESICATORIUM,  Blister. 
VESICLE,  Vesicula— v.  Allantoid,  Allantois— 
v.  Blastodermic,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Cowpox,  see 
Vaccination. 

Vesicle  of  Development,  V.  of  Evolution.  A 
vesicle  or  cyst  concerned  in  histogeny.  f 

Vesicle  of  Evolution,  V.  of  Development  — 
v.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Purkinjean,  see 
Molecule  —  v.  Umbilical,  Vesicula  nmbilicalis. 
Vesicles  of  db  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafian*. 
VES'ICO-VAG"INAL,  Vest' co-vagina' lis.  Re- 
lating to  the  bladder  and  the  vagina;  as  vesico- 
vaginal fistula, 

VESICULA,  Cystinx,  Ves'icle  ;  diminutive  of 
vesica,  '  a  bladder.'    A  small  bladder  or  cyst 

Vesicula,  Ves'icle,  Ecphly'sis,  Cystinx,  in  pa- 
thology, metffff  H  small  orbicular  elevation  of  the 
cuticle  containing  lymph,  which  is  sometimes 
clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and  whitish 
or  pearl-coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  either  by  a 
scurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vesicula  JSnigxatosa,  Vesicula  umbilicalis 
—  v.  Alba,  Vesioula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Bilis,  Gall- 
bladder —  v.  Blastodermatica,  see  Molecule  —  v. 
Chyli,  Receptaoulum  chyli — v.  Erythroidea,  Ery- 
throid  vesicle — v.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder — v.  Gan- 
graanescens,  see  Anthrax  —  v.  Germinativa,  see 
Molecule — v.  Omphalo-mesenterica,  Vesicula  um- 
bilicalis— v.  Ovalis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Pro- 
lifera,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Prostatic*,  see  Ejaoula- 
tory Duets. 

Vesic'ula  Uhbilica'lis,  Umbil'ieal  Ves'icle, 
Vesicula  alba  seu  om'phalo-mesenter'ica  seu  anig- 
mato'sa  seu  ova'lis,  Vesi'ca  intestinalis,  Intestinal 
Vesicle,  Vitelline  Pouch,  A  small,  pyriform, 
round,  or  spheroidal  sac,  which,  about  the  fif- 
teenth or  twentieth  day  after  fecundation,  is  of 
the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  acquires 
its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the  third 
or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it  be- 
comes shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly.  It 
seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and  am- 
nion, and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  between 
them.  The  vitelline  ped'iclet  which  attaches  the 
vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuous  with  the  intes- 
tinal canal ;  and,  up  to  twenty  or  thirty  days  of 
embryonic  life,  is  hollow ; — Ductus  om'phaio-me*. 
eenter'icus  sea  vitetlo-intestina'lis  seu  vitclla'rius^ 


VESICULJB 


904 


VIABLE 


vitelline  Duet.  Its  arteries  are  the  ompbalo-me- 
•enterie.  ?be  vitelline  Jiuid,  contained  in  the 
vesicle,  has  been  compared,  from  analogy,  to  the 
vitellus  or  yolk  of  birds ;  and,  like  it,  is  an  olea- 
ginous substance,  and  presumed  to  be  inservient 
to  the  nutrition  of  the  embryo. 

VESICULJE  constitute  the  6th  order  of  Bate- 
man's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Diseases. 

VesicuLjE,  see  Villous  membranes  —  v.  Divss 
Barbara,  Variola  confluens  —  v.  Gingivarum, 
Aphthae — v.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule — v.  Rotundas 
cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandules  —  v.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  v.  Seminal  es  mulierum, 
Nabothi  glandulsB — v.  Spermatic®,  Vesicuto  fle- 
minales. 

VbsiculjE  SExnrA'LES,  V.  Semina'ria  sen  $per~ 
mat'ica,  Caj/suUt  semina'les,  Conceptac'ula  semi- 
naria,  Qonecye' tides,  (P.)  Visicules  siminalee, 
Gardouches,  (/renter*,  are  two  small  membranous 
sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs  for  the  sperm,  and 
probably  secrete  a  fluid  to  be  mixed  with  the 
sperm.  They  are  situate  beneath  the  bladder, 
and  above  the  rectum,  behind  the  prostate  and  to 
the  outer  side  of  the  vasa  deferentia.  They  are 
of  an  irregular  oonoidal  shape;  flattened  from 
above  to  below ;  embossed  on  their  surface,  and 
of  a  grayish  tint  Their  posterior  extremity  or 
/undue  terminates  by  a  round  oul-de-sao.  Their 
anterior  extremity  or  neck  is  narrow  and  elon- 
gated, and  is  continuous  with  the  excretory  duct 
of  the  vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the  vas  deferens, 
and  forms  with  it  the  ejaculatory  duct.  The  in- 
terior of  the  vesicuto  exhibits  several  cells,  which 
communicate  with  each  other,  and  are  lined  by  a 
very  thin,  mucous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula'ris.  Of  or  belonging 
to  a  vesicle : — full  of  or  containing  small  vesicles 
or  cells.  The  cortical  or  gray  matter  of  the  brain 
Is  sometimes  termed  vesicular.  See  Cortex  cere- 
bri and  Neurine. 

VESWULE  BILTAIRE,  Gall-bladder— w.  du 
Fiel,  Gall -Bladder — v.  Oerminative,  see  Molecule 
— 1>.  Ovuliflre,  see  Folliouli  Graafiani. 

VtiSICULES  DE  GRAEF,  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— v.  de  Sainte  Barbe,  Variola  confluens — v.  S4mi- 
nales,  Vesicuto  seminales. 

VESPA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Yas,  Vasum,  diminutive  Vaseulum, 
Angei'on,  Angos,  Conceptao'ulum,  from  (L.)  vas, 
vaseulum,  (F.)  Vaisseau.  A  canal,  more  or  less 
elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of  membranes, 
and  distinguished,  according  to  its  uses  and  gene- 
ral arrangement,  into  Artery,  Vein,  and  Lympha- 
tic.   See,  also,  Vascular. 

VESSELOUP,  Lyeoperdon. 

VESSIE,  Urinary  bladder— *.  d  Oolonnes,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  v.  Col  de  la,  Collum  vesica. 

VESSIE  NATATOIRE,  Air-bladder. 

VESTIBULAR  NERVE,  aee  Auditory  Nerve. 

VES'TIBULE,  Vestib'ulum,  from  vestio,  'to 
eover.'    The  porch  or  entrance  to  a  house. 

Vestibule,  Vestib'ulum,  V.  Vagi'na,  Prona'us, 
Atrium  Vagi'na,  Amb'itus  genita'lis  mulie'bris, 
is  a  smooth  cavity  between  the  perinseum  and 
nymphsd  in  the  female,  which  leads  to  two  pas- 
sages— to  the  urethra  above,  and  to  the  vagina 
below. 

Vbs'ttbule  of  the  Ear,  Vestib'ulum,  V.  laby- 
rin'thi,  (F.)  Vestibule.  A  cavity  of  an  irregular 
shape,  which  forms  part  of  the  labyrinth  or  in- 
ternal ear.  The  vestibule  is  situate  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  tympanum ;  on  the  outer  Bide  of  the 
meatus  auditorius  interims ;  before  the  semicircu- 
lar canals,  and  behind  the  cochlea.  It  is  lined 
by  a  particular  membrane,  and  contains  the  liquor 
\*f  Cotuniiius  and  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting  the 


mem'branous  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  tW. ir- 
tation  of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  eomp—J  i 
two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  oier- 
the  sac1  cuius  vestib'uli,  and  the  saeesls*.  Ita 
are  three  contiguous  cavities  in  the  ve#tik'' :  > 
of  which,  the  semi-oval,  is  situate  shore:  «:.*:  - 
the  hemispherical,  below;  and  the  third, or*1' 
form,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the  aqueducte** 
tibuli,  behind. 

VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTH!,  YesfltH 
the  ear— v.  Vaginae,  Vestibule. 

VESTIGE  (F.),  Vestigium,  «»  Y«fc> .' » 
trace.'  A  kind  of  fracture  of  fiat  bone,  «•*•* 
ing  of  a  simple  incision  having  the  Dirk  :'  ~ 
instrument  that  caused  it  The  tern  ii  &  * 
plied  to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  hot  hw : 
evident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  be  gre£.W  t 
ployed  in  animals.  For  example,  the  be**' •* 
the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost  devoid  *f> 
or  are  vestiges  of  what  they  are  in  certain  ar=v 

VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  Vestige -r.  Fms. 
ovalis,  Oralis  fossa — v.  Pedis,  Metataro?. 

VESTI'TUS,  Esthe'ma,  Estks'sis,  Ckthy. .'• 
vestia'ria,  Dress,  Vesture,  (F.)  YHe**t.  :rt 
vestire,  veetitum, '  to  clothe.'  Any  ssbstattf  :- 
for  the  purpose  of  covering  nakedness,  or  p 
serving  from  atmospheric  temperature  to  v<:- 
worn  on  the  body.  The  best  clothing  ia*-" 
is  composed  of  articles  that  are  bad  ec*--:-"'-* 
of  caloric,  and  do  not  admit  of  ready  enpnv  1 
of  the  matter  of  perspiration.  In  this  ft?*'  • 
woollen  vestments  deserve  the  first  plm. c- 
cotton  the  second.  Colour  has  likewise  t.*  **  "' 
garded  —  the  darkest  hues  transmitting  fc '-_  » 
most  readily  through  them.  It  has  been  ft  a:  i  -  ■ 
the  same  rule  applies  to  odours— the  Ants  ■>• 
lours  retaining  a  greater  amount  of  oo\*>  >' 
tides  than  the  lighter.  Hence  the  cert*  7 
white  walls,  white  bed-clothes,  Jk&,b  ^eTtft 
of  hospitals ;  for  it  is  probable  that  the  tit* 
applies  to  contagious  miasms. 

VESTURE,  Yestitus. 

VETA,  Puna. 

V&TEMENT,  Vestitas. 

VETERANA,  Rubeola. 

VETERINARIUS^  see  Hippisto  and  Ti* 
nary. 

VET'ERINARY,  Vcterina'riws,  (F.)  *- 
nairc,  from  veterinus,  *  that  which  bears  fcri* 
itself  from  vetere,  *  to  carry.'  That  which  iff* 
tains  to  beasts  of  burden :  hence,  »eftnV-» ' ' 
geon,  (see  Farrier,)  veterinary  college,  and  1** 
nary  medicine. 

Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

Veterinary  Art,  Ars  seu  Medid'sarttf"* 
ria,  Zo'di'asis,  Zoiatri'a,  Theriar'riea,  Jf*  *" 
ci'na,  Zootherapi'a,  Zobtherapeu'tui,  An  »-'• 
rica,  Far'riery.    The  art  of  treating  the  £** 
Ac.,  of  cattle. 

VETERNOSITAS,  Coma  vigiL 

VETERNUS,  Coma  vigiL 

VETONICA  CORDI,  Betoniea  offiekal* 

VETULA,  Sacrum. 

VEXILLA  TUBARTJM  FALLOPH,*^ 
Fallopian. 

VEXILLUM,  Drapcau. 

VIA,  Way  — v.  Curandi,  Ratio  medesi-' 
Stomachi  et  ventris,  (Esophagus. 

VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 

VI'ABLB,  Viab'ilis,  from  via,  'war:'  «?-" 
(F.)We, 'life/ (Orfila.)  A  word,  which  e£ 
introduced  with  great  advantage  from  th< F~" • 
into  our  language.  It  is  an  epithet  at;  • 
foetus  whose  organs  are  properly  formei  v'^ 
developed  as  to  permit  its  continual  riv'_ 
Every  foetus  is  not  viable*  AnencepL^  » 
lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet  they  are  M TJ  % 
m  part  or  the  whole  of  the  brain  heis*"^ 


VLB 


905 


VILLOUS 


The  older  the  foetus,  the  more  viable  ia  It.  It  is 
an  idle  prejudice  that  a  child,  born  at  the  end  of 
eight  months,  ia  less  likely  to  live  than  one  born 
at  the  end  of  seven.  The  signs  of  viability  are 
drawn  from  the  weight,  length,  external  confor- 
mation, Ac,  of  the  foetus.  It  may  be  laid  down 
as  a  general  rule,  that  no  foetus  born  before  the 
end  of  the  seventh  month  is  viable. 

VIJR  CHYLIFERJ3,  Chyliferous  vessels. 

Vi*  Clandes'totsc,  Clandestine  Passages. 
Supposititious  secret  ways  or  passages  or  'royal 
roads/  to  account  for  the  rapid  transmission  of 
substances  taken  into  the  stomach  to  the  kidneys 
or  bladder. 

Vi*  Extraordinarlb  Lactis,  Galactoplania 
—v.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages  —  v.  Pri- 
mes, Ways,  digestive — v.  Secuncto,  Ways,  second. 

VIAL,  Phiala. 

VIBI'CES,  MoVopes,  Stria,  (P.)  Vergetures. 
Large  purple  spots,  like  the  marks  produced  by 
the  strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear  under  the 
skin  in  certain  malignant  fevers.  They  are  un- 
favourable indications,  as  they  denote  great  pros- 
tration. 

VIBRAMEN,  Oscillation. 

VIBRANS,  Vibratory. 

VI BRATTLE,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATIL'ITY,  Vibratil'itas,  from  vibrare, 
'to  oscillate.'  Capability  of  being  thrown  into 
vibration. 

VIBRATIO,  Oscillation— v.  Cardiaca,  Palpita- 
tion— v.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see  Fremitus— v. 
Tactile,  see  Fremitus — v.  Tussive,  see  Tussive. 

VIBRATIONS  OF  SOUND,  see  Sound. 

VIBRATOR,  Deferens  vas. 

VI'BRATORY,  Vi'brative,  Vibrans,  (F.)  Vi- 
bratile,  from  vibrare,  'to  quiver.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  pain  that  accompanies  some  neu- 
ralgia?, which  seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate 
among  the  nerves. 

Vibratory  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

VIBRATUS,  Oscillation. 

VIB'RIO ;  from  vibrare,  *  to  quiver.'  A  genus 
of  infusory  animalcules,  of  which  different  spe- 
cies are  met  with,— for  example,  Vib'rio  pro' lifer 
in  almost  all  putrescent  fluids  containing  protein, 
and  in  the  pus  of  chancres ;  in  which  last  the  V. 
lineola  has  likewise  been  found. 

VIBRIS'SJE,  from  vibrare,  '  to  quiver.'  The 
hairs  which  grow  at  the  entrance  of  the  nostrils 
and  of  other  outlets.  In  the  feline  tribe,  the 
whiskers. 

VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para- 
guensis. 

Vibur'nux  Dxnta'tum,  Arrow  Wood,  Mealy 
Tree,  Tily  of  the  Indians.  A  high  indigenous 
shrub,  of  the  same  family  as  V.  lentago ;  the  bark 
of  which  has  been  used  by  the  Indians  as  a 
diuretic. 

Viburnum  LjBvtqatuit,  Ilex  Paragnensls. 

Viburnum  Lenta'go,  Sweet  Viburnum,  Nanny- 
berry.  A  handsome  indigenous  tree,  of  the  ho- 
neysuckle family — CaprifoliaoesB — which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Vibur'nux  PaumFo'LltTif,  Black  Haw,  Sloe- 
leaved  Viburnum.  Indigenous:  flowering  in 
May.    The  leaves  have  been  used  as  tea. 

Viburnum,  Slow-lbaved,  V.  prunifolium — v. 
Sweet,  V.  lentago. 

'VIC-LE-COMPTB,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Vic-le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puy  de  Dome,  three  leagues  from 
Issoire ;  where  there  is  an  acidulous  ohalybeate, 
which  is  aperient. 

VICA'RIOUS,  Vica'rius,  from  vicis,  'change, 
place.'    Taking  the  place  of  another :— as  '  vica- 


rious secretion,'  Secre'tio  vica'ria;  a  secretion 
which  takes  place  in  one  part  instead  of  another. 

VICAR'S  BRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
about  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near  to  Blarn- 
gone.  The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest  chaly- 
beate* known. 

VICE,  Cachosis. 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Carbo- 
nated alkaline  chalybeates,  the  sources  of  which 
are  at  Vichy,  six  leagues  from  Moulins,  in  the 
department  of  Allier.  The  springs  are  seven  in 
number.  Almost  all  are  thermal ;  give  off  bub- 
bles of  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  have  a  slightly  sul- 
phureous odour.  They  deposite  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  a  little  oxide  of  iron ; 
and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbonates  of  lime,  soda, 
iron,  and  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  tonics,  particularly  in  chronic  affections 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  old  catarrhs,  diseases 
of  the  joints,  Ac. 

Vichy  Water,  Factit"iou!!,  Aqua  Vicien'sis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Vichy,  ia  made  of  simple  acidulous 
water,  impregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  carbo- 
nic acid,  ^xxss;  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij; 
sulphate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj  j  chloride  of  sodium,  gr. 
iv ;  subcarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  SB ;  chloride  of 
iron,  gr.  \.     Mix.     Ph.  P.) 

VICIA  ERVILIA,  Ervum. 

Vic"ia  Faba,  Faba,  F.  major  sen  vulgaris, 
Or'obus  faba.  The  Common  Garden  Bean,  (F.) 
Five  on  five  des  marais.  Family,  Leguminosss. 
Sex.  Syat.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  native  of 
Egypt,  of  which  there  are  many  varieties.  Beans 
are  not  easy  of  digestion.  They  are  proverbially 
flatulent,  especially  when  old.  When  young, 
they  are  more  digestible  and  wholesome.  Bean 
meal  was  one  of  the  four  resolvent  meals  of  the 
ancients. 

VICINITRACTUS,  Erysipelas. 

VICINITRAHA,  Erysipelas. 

VICTORIALIS  FEMINEA,  Gladiolus  vulga- 
ris— v.  Longa,  Allium  victoriale  —  v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vulgaris. 

VICTIMS  RATIO,  Diet 

VIDANOES,  Lochia. 

VIDIAN  CANAL,  Pterygoid  canaL 

VIE,  Life — v.  Durie  de  la,  see  Longevity — cw 
Mogenne,  see  Longevity. 

VIEILLESSE,  Senectus. 

VIEROE,  Virgin. 

VIF  ARGENT,  Hydrargyrum. 

VIGILANCE,  Insomnia. 

VIGILANTIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILATIO,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILLfi,  Egregorsis— v.  Nimiae,  Coma  vigiL 

VTGILIUM,  Egregorsis. 

VIQNB,  Vitis  vinifera— v.  Blanche,  Bryonia 
alba — v.  du  Nord,  Hamulus  lupulus  —  v.  Vierge, 
Bryonia  alba. 

VIGOR,  Acme.  ' 

VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This 
little  town  is  situate  immediately  to  the  eastward 
of  Montalbano,  which  separates  the  bay  of  Villa 
Franca  from  that  of  Nice.  It  is  on  the  southern 
declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of  mountains ; 
and  is  more  effectually  sheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-west  winds  than  Niee,  with  the  climate 
of  which  that  of  Villa  Franca  closely  corresponds. 

VILLI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

VILLOUS,  Villo'sus,  from  villus,    a  hair.' 

Villous  Membranes  or  Coats,  Velamen'ta 
Bombyc"ina,  (F.)  Membranes  villeuses,  Membranes 
velouUs,  are  such  as  are  covered  with  soft  papillae 
or  Villi,  Flocci,  Floc'culi,  Vesic'ula,  Cylin'dri, 
Tubi  Membrana'eeif  constituted  of  blood- vessel*, 


YIN 


906 


nerves,  and  absorbents ;  or  such  as  are  covered 
trith  fine  down,  so  as  to  cause  them  to  feel  soft 
and  velvety.  The  term  is,  however,  chiefly  re- 
stricted to  the  former.  Chaussier  gives  the  name 
simple  villous  membrane*  to  the  serous  mem- 
branes ;  and  that  of  complicated  or  follicular  vil- 
lous membrane*  to  the  mucous  membranes.  On 
these  membranes  there  are  bodies  endowed  with 
ciliary  motion, 

VIN,  Wine  —  v.  de  Bordeaux,  Claret  —  v.  de 
Poulet,  see  Poulet — v.  de  Quinquina  compose",  Vi- 
num  de  kfnd  kina  compositum — v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VIN  AW  RE,  Acetum,  see  Aceticuni  acidum — 
c.  Scillitique,  Acetum  scillsD  —  v.  de  Bois,  Pyro- 
ligneous  acid. 

VINAIQRES  MEDICINAUX,  Acetica. 

VINCA  MINOR,  Vinca  pervin'ea,  Clem'atis 
daphnoi'des  major,  Lester  periwinkle,  (F.)  Per- 
venche,  Violette  des  Sorciers.  It  has  bitter  and 
astringent  properties,  and  has  been  used  in  gar- 
gles and  diseases  of  the  chest 

VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepias  yineetoxicum. 

VINCTURA,  Fascia. 

VINCULA,  Fascia. 

VINCULUM,  Bandage,  Lien  —  v.  Caninum, 
Fronum  penis — v.  Lingusa,  Frsenum  linguae — v. 
Prseputii,  Frsenum  penis — v.  Umbilicale,  Funicu- 
lus umbilicalis. 

VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinifera 
—v.  Poison,  Rhus  radicans — v.  Wild,  Pareira. 

VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see 
Aoeticum  acidum  —  v.  of  Canthoridcs,  Acetum 
cantharidis — v.  Common,  Acetum — v.  Distilled, 
see  Aceticum  aoidum — v.  Marseilles,  Acetum  aro- 
matioum — v.  of  Meadow  saffron,  Acetum  colchici 
—v.  of  Opium,  Gutttt  nigra — v.  Radical,  Aceti- 
cum acidum  —  v.  of  Squills,  Acetum  ecillro  —  v. 
:f  the  Four  Thieves,  Acetum  aromaticum  —  v. 
Ihieve*',  Acetum  aromaticum  —  v.  Whey,  see 
Acetum — v.  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 

YINETTIER,  Oxycantha  Galeni 

VINEUX,  Vinous. 

VINOLENTA,  see  Tomulentia, 

VINOLENTIA,  Temulentia. 

VINOSUS,  Vinous. 

VINOUS,  Vino'sus,  (Eno'des,  CEnoVde*.  Re- 
lating to  wine.  Having  the  character  of,  or  re- 
sembling, wine.    Made  of  wine. 

VINUM,  Wine,  Sherry  wine,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842,) 
see  Wine. 

Vinum  Absinthi'tes,  Wine  of  Wormwood.  (Fol. 
absinth,  exsic,  absinth.  Pontic,  aa  5JVJ,  *****  olbi 
Oiv.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain.  Ph.  P.) 
Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermifuge. 

Vinum  Adust  cm,  Brandy — v.  Album,  Sherry 
wine,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851,)  see  Wine— v.  Album  Hispa- 
nicum,  see  Wine — v.  Album  Montonum,  see  Wine. 

Vinum  Al'oEs,  V.  alo'ds  Socotori'na,  Vinum 
aloSt'icum,  V.  aro'mo-aloiticum,  Wine  of  Aloes, 
Tinctu'ra  hi'era,  Tinctura  sacra.  (Aloes  in  pulv. 
"*],  cardam.  cont,  Zingib.  oont,  aa  3Jj  J  vini  alb. 
,.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  PA.  L.) 
Purgative  and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Pose,  fgj  to  fjij. 

Vinum  Am  a  rum,  V.  Gentian®  comp. — v.  Ama- 
rum  scilliticum,  Ac,  V.  diureticum  amarum — v. 
Amarum  cum  spiritu  vini,  V.  gentianae  composi- 
tum—  v.  Antimoniale,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati — 
r.  Antimoniatum  Huxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartari- 
zati— v.  Antimonii  potassio-tartratis,  V.  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

Vinum  Antimonii,  V.  antimo'nii  tartariza'ti,  V. 
tart' rati  a  antimonii,  V.  antimo'nii  potas'sio-tar- 
tratis,  Liquor  tar'tari  emet'ici,  Solution  of  tar1- 
tarized  antimony,  Essen'tia  antimonii  seu  stib'ii, 
Antimonial  wine,  Vinum  benedic'tum,  Vinum  an- 
Hmonia'tum  Huxha'mi,  V.  antimoniaU,  Aqua  be~ 
nedio'ta  Bulan'di,   Vinum  emet'icum,     (Ant.  et 


4.1 

t 


Potass,  tart.  J)j,  vini  albi  fgx,  ffiaoivefct* 
tarized  antimony  in  the  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.i  Ead 
fluidounce  contains  two  grains  of  the  tartnu. 

The  ordinary  Antimonial  win*  is  ma&  r± 
glass  of  antimony  Jj,  sherry  Oisa. 

Ward's  Red  Drop  consists  of  a  strong  rcft 
solution  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Vinum  Antiscorbu'ticum,  Antuwrhu'tie  m 
(Rod.  armoracia  recent.  Jj,  foL  cockl***  *• 
cent.,  nasturtii  aquat,  trifoL  aoaaft'c^  *»!*-  t.wt. 
aa  ^ss,  ammonia  muriat.  Sftj,  **•  a^  ^  ^ 
cerate  for  36  hours ;  filter,  and  add  tndsr*t& 
lear.  Jsb.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonit  I« 
fjss  to  fgij. 

Vinum  Aromat'icuk,  Aromatic  wtnc.  •  >;"' 
aromatic.  g  iv,  vin.  rubr.  Oy .  Macerate  f  *  i  fi*p 
and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic  l* 
externally,  in  fomentations,  embrocation*,  i- 

Vinum  Aromo-aloeticum,  V.  slow— t.  Bos- 
dictum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Vinum  Campa'num,  V.  Campana'tevn.  Cb"; 
pagne  wine.  A  well-known  sparkling  ith  » 
France, 

Vinum  Canarinum,  see  Wine— v.  Chakb»3& 
V.  ferri  —  v.  Cinchonas  compositum,  V.  de  kiu 
kina  comp. 

Vinum  Col'chici,  Wine  of  (bleak**  V. r* 
chici  Radi'ci*,  Wants  Eau  a* Hum.  {/'<•';- 
rad.  bene  contus.  lbj,  vini  alb.  Ojj.  Mama*!*' 
14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  ita  * 
press  strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  *? 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dinted  + 
dative,  and  purgative.  Chiefly  nied  is  f - 
Dose,  gtt  40  to  fjj. 

Reynold's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheaa^ 
oonsisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Cekki**  3l 
Sherry  wine,  fgxvj.  The  colchicum  «*  ^ 
rated  for  eight  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  si  »s** 
heat;  coloured  with  syrup  o/swppw**u' 
voured  with  rum.  Reynolds  is  said  ?:  ^r* 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  d  u. 

Vinum  Colchici  Radicts,  V.  coleaiel 

Vinum  Colchici  Sbm'inis,  Win*  of  tV ;  *»■ 
seed.  (Colchic.  senu  cont  3iv;  ciW  «;«-'.■ 
Macerate  for  14  days,  with  occasional  tpfc- 1 
then  express  and  filter.   Ph.  U.  S.)  Do*,*S:' 

Vinum  Cbematum,  Brandy. 

Vincm  Diuret'icum  Ama'rum,  FiW»««^7 
scilliticum  compos' itum  in  Charita'U't  .V.^«*:  • 
ueurpa'tum,  Bitter  diurefic  wine.  (Cvrt.c'^%  *• 
Winteran,,  limon.,  afi,  Jn,  rhus  tomcodtrir-*.  • 
caenmin.  angelica,  aa  3SS,  fol.  absinth  W''* 
aa  5j,  baccar.  junip.,  mads,  ai  $»»  f*/* 
Oviy.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph.  />.)_  ft*a*fi 
tonic,  and  diuretic    Dose,  f§M  to  f J  is*. 

Vinum  Embticum,  V.  antimonii  tartanon. 

Vinum  Er'qota,  Win*  of  Ergot.  £7* 
cont,  gg ;  vini  alb.  Oj.  Macerate  for  H  ^ 
with  occasional  agitation;  then  express,^ ^* 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  TT\,xx  to  fag  to  prodaa» 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot 

Vinum  Ferratum,  V.  Ferri. 

Vincm  Ferri,  V.  chalybea' turn,  Strl  ** 
Wine  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferra'tum,  V.  Hart** 
V.  Mortis,  Tinctura  Martis  r»«o'»,  T<r** 
Martis  cum  vino.  (Iron,  5H,  siqwr-t*^' 
Potass,  in  powder,  ^vj,  disttued  wattr,  Oy  Sih 
proof  spirit,  fjxx.  Rub  the  iron  and  *P 
tartrate  of  potass  together,  and  expo»  $*  ' 
the  air  in  a  flat  vessel,  moistened  with  aSai^* 
of  water,  for  a  fortnight ;  agitating  *?G* 
with  a  spatula,  and  sprinkling  them  virt  **^ 
to  keep  them  moist  Then  dry  wiih  1  S*3 
heat,  and  mix  with  gxxx  of  dittilled  «**'■  *' 
tor  the  fluid  and  add  the  spirit  Ph.L^  I41* 
Dose,  f3J  to  f^iv.  .     . 

It  is  somt times  made  by  adding  hw/*' 


VDTUBI 


w 


virginity 


wine  to  two  ounce*  of  iron  filing*;  maoerating  and 
filtering. 

Vinum  Gbntia'NvB  Compos'itum,  V.  Ama'rum, 
Compound  wine  of  gentian,  In/u'eum  ama'rum 
vino' mm,  Vinum  amarum  cum  rpiritu  vini,  Wine 
bitten.  (Had.  gentian.  Intern  5ss,  eort.  einchon. 
ojfic.  Q^cort.  aurant.  £ij,  canella  alb.  3J>  alcohol, 
dilut.  f  ?iv,  vini  alb.  Hispanic.  Oijss.  PL  E.) 
Dose,  f 3J  to  f  ijvj. 

Vinum  Hippooraticum,  Claret— v.Hispanicum, 
Vinum,  see  Wine — v.  Hordeaceum,  Cerevisia — v. 
Hydatodes,  see  Hydatoid. 

Vinum  Ipecacuan'hjs,  Ipecacuan'ha  wine. 
(Tpecacuan.  cont  ^ij,  vini  alb.  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic  and  dia- 
phoretic.    Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f £iv  to  f£x. 

Vinum  de  Kiwi  Kina  Com pos'itum,  V.  einehot- 
n(E  comporitum,  Compound  bark  wine,  (P.)  Viu  de 
quinquina  compoei.  (Cort.  einchon.  paly.  tt>ss, 
qiia*«ia,  cort.  Winteran.,  eort.  aurant.  sice,  S3 
£ss,  alcohol.  (12°  to  22°  Beauml)  Oj.  Macerate 
for  24  hours ;  and  add  vini  albi  Ovj.  Macerate 
for  four  day 8,  and  filter.  PA.  P.)  Tonic,  febri- 
fuge, and  stomachic.    Dose,  fjss  to  f  5ij. 

Vinum  Martiatum,  V.  ferri  —  v.  Martis,  V. 
fsni  —  v.  Wedicatnm,  see  Claret 

Vinum  Medicina'lE,  Medicated  Wine.  Wine, 
holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medicines.  Me- 
dicinal wines  are  obtained  by  macerating  or  di- 
gesting medicinal  substances  in  wine.  They 
differ,  of  course,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
medicine  employed,  the  strength  of  the  wine,  Ac. 
In  a  late  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  London  College, 
all  the  wines  were  ohanged  into  weak  tinctures ; 
but  the  old  names  were  left  unaltered.  Sherry  is 
tho  wine  usually  employed.  The  following  are 
medicated  wines. 

Vinum  Merum,  Acratum — v.  Nicotian®  tabaci, 
V.  tabaci  —  v.  Opiatum  fermentatione  paratum, 
Laudanum  abbatis  Rousseau. 

Vinum  O'pii,  Wine  of  Opium,  Vinum  de  opio 
compoa'itum,  Laud'anum  liq'uidum  Sydenha'mi, 
Laudanum  liquidum  Hoffman* ni,  Tinctu'ra  The- 
ba'ica,  Ford**  laudanum.  (Opii  in  pulv.  gij; 
cinnam.  cont,  caryophylL  cont  aft  5J3 ;  «*»*  «*W 
Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  filter. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Narcotic.     Dose,  gtt  xv  to  f 3J. 

Vinum  db  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii — v.  Pica- 
turn,  Pissitcs. 

Vinum  Portuoal'licum,  V.  rubrum,  (Ph.  U.  S. 
1851.)  Wine  of  Portugal  or  of  Oporto.  Port 
wine.  A  strong  astringent  wine,  not  much 
drunk  in  the  United  States;  but  greatly  used 
in  England. 

Vinum  Qui'nlb,  Wine  of  Quinia.  (  Wine  B>y, 
sulphate  of  quinia  gr.  x.  Mix.)  Dose,  f£iss  or 
more ;  according  as  it  is  used  as  a  stomachic,  or 
to  arrest  ague.  A  Vinum  Oincho'nim  may  be 
made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Rhei,  V.  R.  palma'ti,  Rhubarb  Wine, 
Tinctura  Rhabar'bari  Vino'ea,  Vinum  Rhabarbari, 
Elixir  Rhei  dulei,  E.  R.  Compot'itum.  (Rhei 
cont  5ij,  canella  cont  5Jj,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  £ij, 
vini  albi,  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  stimulant 
Dose,  f  spy  to  f  5iss. 

Vinum  Rhei  Palmati,  V.  Rhei— v.  Rhenanum, 
see  Wine — v.  Rhabarbari,  V.  rhei  palmati  —  v. 
Rubrum,  V.  Portugallicum  —  v.  Rubrum  Portu- 
gallicum,  see  Wine. 

Vinum  Tab'aci,  Vinum  Nicotia'na  Tabaci,  To- 
bae'eo  Wine.  (Tabac  inois.  Jj,  vini  albi,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days ;  express  and  strain.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Narcotic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic 
In  dropsical  cases,  oolioa  piotonum,  and  ileus. 
Hot  used.    Dose,  gtt  xx  to  xxxvj. 

Vinum  Vera'tri,  V.  V.  albi,  Wine  of  White 
Mel'lebore.     (Veratri  cont.  §iy;  Vini  albi,  Oj* 


Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. — Ph.  V. 
S.)  In  cutaneous  affections,  and  in  gout  Dose, 
ten  minims. 

Vinum  Veratri  Albi,  V.  Veratri. 

VIOL,  Stuprum. 

VF OLA,  Viola  odora'ta  sen  mar'tia,  Jon,  Ma- 
trona'li*,  Viola'ria,  the  Sweet  Violet,  (F.)  Violett* 
d  bouquet*,  V.  odorante.  The  flowers  of  the  sweet 
violet  have  a  pleasant,  peculiar  odour,  and  scarcely 
any  taste.     They  are  slightly  laxative. 

Viola  Cani'na,  V.  eylvee'tri*.  The  Dog  Violet, 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic. 
Dose,  9j. 

Viola  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacuanha — v. 
Lutea,  Cheiranthus  cheiri — v.  Martia,  Viola — v. 
Odorata,  Viola — v.  Palustris,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

Viola  Peda'ta,  Viola,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  England 
to  Carolina,  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  useful  de- 
mulcent in  pectoral  affections. 

Viola  Sylvrstris,  V.  Canina. 

Viola  Tri'color,  Hear?*  ea*e,  Pan*ie»,  Jace'a 
tricolor,  Herba  sen  Flo*  Trinita'ti*,  (P.)  Pen*4e, 
P.  eauvage.  The  decoction  of  this  beautiful  little 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  diseases  of  tho 
skin,  Ac.  Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic 

VIOLARIA,  Viola. 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina— v.  Bloom,  So- 
latium dulcamara — v.  Sweet,  Viola. 

VIOLETTBl  BOUQUETS,Y\o\»-^v.  Odor* 
ante,  Viola — v.  dee  Sorcier*,  Vinca  minor. 

VIOLIER  J  AVNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

VIORNA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis— v.  Grass,  Scor- 
sonera — v.  Ten  inch  long,  Echidna  ocellata. 

VIPER  A,  Coluber  berus. 

VIPERARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor- 
conera. 

VIPERINA  VIRGINIANA,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

VIR,  Penis — v.  Effoeminatus,  Gynseoaner. 

VIRAGO,  see  Pogoniasis. 

V1RGA,  Penis — v.  Cerea,  Bougie — v.  Cerebri, 
Pineal  gland. 

VIRGILIA,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

VIRGIN,  Virgo,Partthenu»,  Expert  nuptia' rum, 
(P.)  Vierge,  Pucelle.  A  female  who  has  never 
had  sexual  intercourse.  Applied,  also,  occasion- 
ally to  the  male  so  circumstanced. 

VIR'GINAL,  Virgina'U,  from  virgo,  'a  virgin/ 
The  external  genital  organs  of  the  virgin. 

Virginal  Membrane,  Hymen. 

VIRGIN'IA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  There 
are  several  celebrated  mineral  springs  in  Virginia, 
on  the  western  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Two 
Thermal  springs  exist  in  Bath  county.  The  Warm 
Spring,  as  it  is  called,  issues  with  a  bold  stream, 
sufficient  to  turn  a  mill,  and  to  keep  the  water  of 
its  basin  at  the  temperature  of  97°.  The  Hot 
Spring  is  a  few  miles  from  the  Warm.  Its  tem- 
perature is  107°.  They  are  both  slightly  sul- 
phureous. The  Sweet  Springe  are  at  the  eastern 
foot  of  the  Allegheny,  in  Botetourt  county ;  42 
miles  from  the  Warm  Springs.  The  water  has  a 
temperature  of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid.  The  White  Sulphur,  as  well 
as  the  Red  Sulphur,  and  Salt  Sulphur  Springe, 
are  also  much  celebrated.  The  Red  Spring  1b 
affirmed  to  exert  a  sedative  influence  on  the 
pulse,  diminishing  the  number  of  its  beats. 
About  15  miles  from  Staunton  are  Stribling** 
Spring* — a  sulphuretted  water;  and  near  War- 
renton,  in  Fauquier  county,  there  is  a  sulphu- 
reous water,  called  Lee**  Spring*,  which  is  much 
frequented.  Berkley  and  Capon  Spring*  an 
likewise  celebrated. 

Virginia,  Hymen. 

VIRGIN'ITY,  Virgin' ita*,  Parthenei'a,  h*Uf+ 


VIRGETS  BOWER 


068 


VSUAL 


ritae,  MM'enhood,  Maid'enUad,  (F.)  Virginia, 
Pucilage.  The  state  of  one  who  has  never  had 
carnal  commerce. 

VIRGINS  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clematis 
vitalba,  Clematis  Virginiea — v.  Bower,  upright. 
Clematis  recta— v.  Sweet-eoented,  Clematis  flam- 
mula. 

Viboif's  Milk,  Lac  Virgin**,  Lac  Virgina'U, 
(F.)  Lait  virginal.  A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  balsam,  precipitated  by  the  addition 
of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appearance. 
Also,  sub-acetate  of  lead  precipitated  by  water. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  cosmetio  to  remove  freckles, 
Ac 

VIRGINITAS  DEFLORATA,  Defloration. 

VIRGO,  Virgin— v.  Avea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

VIRGULA,  Penis. 

VIRIDE  ^RIS,  Cupri  subaoetaa  — v.  Monta- 
num,  Cuprum. 

VIRILE,  Penis. 

VIRILES'CENCE;  from  vir,  <a  man.'  The 
state  of  the  aged  female  in  which  she  assumes 
eertam  of  the  characteristics  of  the  male. — 
Kehliss. 

VIRILIA,  Pudibilia. 

VIRILITY,  Adult  age. 

VIROSUS,  Virulent. 

VIRTUE,  Faculty. 

VIRTUS  FORMATRIX,  Plastic  force— t. 
*  lastica,  Plastic  force. 

VIR'ULENT,  Virulen'tue,  Vi ro'eue,  from  viru e. 
That  which  is  of  the  nature  of  a  virus  or  which 
is  caused  by  a  virus.    Highly  noxious. 

VIRUS,  from  vie,  'force/  A  Latin  word, 
which  signifies  poison ;  but  which,  in  medicine, 
has  a  somewhat  different  acceptation.  By  it  is 
understood  a  principle,  unknown  in  its  nature  and 
inappreciable  by  the  senses,  which  is  the  agent 
for  the  transmission  of  infectious  diseases.  Thus 
we  speak  of  the  variolic,  vaccine,  and  eyphilitic  vi- 
rueee.  Virue  differs  from  venom  in  the  latter  being 
a  secretion  natural  to  certain  animals,  whilst  the 
former  is  always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process j 
*-a  morbid  poieon. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies— v.  Vaccine,  see 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force  —  v.  Adheesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of)  —  v.  Attraotionis,  Cohesion  (force  of) — v. 
Aucta,  Sthenia — v.  Cohsesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of)  —  v.  Conservatrix,  V.  medicatrix  natures — 
r.  Elastics,  Elasticity  — v.  Essentialis,  Plastic 
force. 

Vis  Expui/trix.  The  organic  force  by  which, 
It  was  supposed,  the  useless  was  removed  from 
the  body. 

Vis  Formattva,  Plastic  force—  ▼.  Generatrix, 
Potentia  generandi — v.  Imminuta,  Asthenia — v. 
Jnsita,  Irritability— v.  Irritabilitatis,  Irritability. 

Vis  Medica'trix  Natu'rjc,  Vie  coneerva'trix, 
Autocrati'a,  Autonom'ia,  Autocrato'ria,  Authg- 
gian'eie,  Auiotherapei'a,  Phyeiat'rici,  Physio- 
autocraWa,  Phyeiautoerati'a.  A  term,  employed 
by  iome,  to  express  that  instinctive  healing 
power,  in  an  animal  or  vegetable,  by  virtue  of 
which  it  can  repair  injuries  inflicted  upon  it,  or 
remove  disease. 

Vis  Mor'tua.  Under  this  name  Haller  in- 
eluded  the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
—flexibility,  extensibility,  elasticity,  Ac. — which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
Tney  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions ;  seem  to  be 
connected  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chymical  composition  of  the 
substance  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
affected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Via-MuacofcARis,  Myodynamia— v.  Nervorum, 


Nervous  power— v.  Nervosa,  Hemes  pri*-*. 
Plasties,  Plastic  force— v.  Reprodneuri,  Fati 
foroe — v.  Vitaa,  Irritability. 

Vis  ViTA'tia,  Vie  sen  JWaitat  Uk*  7 
Force  vitale.  The  vital  forte— Bied  u  lei 
Von  Reichenbach  —  which  distkgn&e  »q 
matter  from  the  dead.    Also,  Initabiiity. 

Vis  Zotica,  Vis  vitalis. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 

VISCA60  BEHEN,  Cucubelos  nehen. 

VISCERA,  Entrails. 

VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 

VISCERALIS,  Stomachal. 

VISCERATION,  Exenterismw. 

VISgMrES,  Entrails. 

VISCONIA,  Physconia. 

VTSCUM  ALBUM,  JsWAl*  A**'*  * 
bach,  (F;)  Qui.  A  parasitic  plant,  vh&  s  • 
on  a  nnmber  of  trees.  Fatniiy,  Capita*1 
Sex.  Syet.  Dioscia  Tetrandria.  Hat  of  u-  -J- 
Viecum  querci'num  —  has  been  most  «»?--■- 
but  it  does  not  differ  from  the  ©then.  I:»- 
at  one  time,  much  used  in  cpueniT»4  -' 
neuroses;  the  wood  or  leaves  bein*  P-'-- 
powder,  in  the  dose  of  gss  or  g.  Tfe*  k**= 
also  called  Ponmea  hemorrhoidal*  in«~  ' 
supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  aad,wt«*v.- 
externally,  are  matorative. 

Viscujf  Capbn'sI.  A  South  Affien  per: 
shrub,  which  grows  on  the  stems  of  Km-  >:* 
cies  of  Rhus  and  Euclea. 

Viscum  Flatxs'ceics,  TeVlemel  IV  ■ 
indigenous,  has  been  given  in  sinilsrc*3* 
the  Viecum  album. 

VISIO,  Pupil,  Vision. 

VIS'ION,  FtVio,  Vieme,  from  min  «■• 
'to  see;'  Opeie,  Omma,  (F.)  Fee.  V**: 
of  seeing.  The  eight.  The  right  is  »'  i' 
five  senses,  and  the  eye  is  its  orgia  ^  '* 
distinguish  colours,  sJkI  appreciate  «** :  l 
physical  qualities  of  external  objects.  T»* i 
oomposed  of  different  transparent  aWi.*:~ 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  *>**  ^ 
as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  •*  ?"■* 
city  and  retrangibility,  and  to  ecoeetf* : 
numerous  rays  proceeding  from  vmr  'j  '' 
distant  objects.  These  rays  travent.  *~ 
ively,  the  transparent  comes,  the  m&*  ■ 
mour,  the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  hw*f  * 
strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  they  s"^ 
the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they  U"- " 
ceeded ;  and,  in  order  that  no  obsesrity  »7  * 
from  the  reflections  that  might  other**'  ^ 
the  anterior  of  the  eye  is  lined  by  is*,ir 
the  choroid— which  is  itself  covered  tow*  \ 
a  dark  pigment  This  absorbs  th«  Us>t ■*  * 
dark  pigment  in  the  interior  of  t**^ 
thus  obviates  confusion.  As  the  iayi  F^1  _ 
from  an  object  must  cross  each  other  a  * 
course  to  the  retina,  it  follows  that  ***  • 
ceeding  from  the  upper  part  of  an  ok^: -; 
fall  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  retina  v.i  '• 
versely ;  so  that  the  object  must  be  m^ 
upon  the  retina  in  an  inverted  pesim*^  ' 
perienoe  teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  p** j- 
curately. 

Vision,  BDrocTTtAR,  see  Bmosottr--1  . 
loured,  Chromopsia — v.  Double,  W^*" 
Single,  see  Binocular. 
VISORIUM  ORGANUM,  i> 
VISORIUS,  Visual. 
VIS'UAL,  Vieua'lie,  Viec'rive.  Ssb*^: 
That  which  concerns  the  sight  or  belearM*  ■'.* 


Visual  Asqlb  is  the  angle  &hbn  ^ 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  &**,•• 
points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage  w»^'m 
pupfl.  It  is  by  the  sise  of  this  angle  **[!T£ 
to  a  certain  extent  of  the  dimwwww*tcy^ 


VISITS 


909 


VOCAL 


VISUS,  Vision— v.  Acris,  Oxydercia— v. 
Aorior,  Nyctalopia — v.  Coloratus,  Chromopsia 
*-v.  Debilitas,  Asthenopia — v.  Deoolor,  Achro- 
matopsia— v.  Dimidiates,  Hemiopia — v.  Diurnus, 
Hemeralopia — v.  Duplicates,  Diplopia — v.  Hebe- 
tado,  Amblyopia — v.  Juvenum,  Myopia — v.  Lu- 
cidus,  Photopsia — v.  Muscarum,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — v.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia — v.  Senilis, 
Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life— r.  Propria,  Irritability. 

VITAL,  Vita'lis,  Biofic,  Siofiew,  (P.)  Vital, 
from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
life;  —  as 

Vital  Dynamics,  see  Dynamic— v.  Force,  Vis 
vitalis. 

Vital  Principle,  Flam'mula  sen  Aura  vita'- 
lit,  Microcotme'tor,  (P.)  Flamme  vitale,  Vital 
Flame.  The  principle  which,  in  association  with 
matter,  as  in  organized  bodies,  controls  its  ma- 
nifestations and  properties,  and  distinguishes  or- 
ganized matter  from  the  inorganic.  We  know 
nothing  of  this  principle,  except  in  its  connexion 
with  organization. 

Vital  Properties,  see  Properties,  vital  —  v. 
Statistics,  Statistics,  medical. 

VITA  LB  A,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VITALITY,  VitaVitae,  from  vita,  'life.'  The 
vital  principle :  also  used  in  the  sense  of  vital 
action  or  movement 

VITALIZE,  To  endow  with  life. 

VITALS,  Vita'lia.  Parts  that  are  necessary 
for  life  —  the  heart,  lungs,  and  nervous  centres 
more  especially. 

VITARO'BORANT,  PALMER'S.  A  farina- 
ceous preparation,  which  appears  to  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  the  red  or  Arabian  lentil  and  wheat 
flour,  the  latter  in  considerable  amount,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar.  It  bears  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Revalenta. 

VITELLARY,  Vitelline— v.  Membrane,  Zona 
pellucida. 

VITELLINE,  Zona  pellucida. 

VITELLINE,  ViteVlinus,  Vit'ellary,  from  vi- 
tcllu*,  '  the  yolk  of  an  egg.'  Appertaining  to  or 
resembling  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 

Vitelline  Disc,  Proligerous  Disc — v.  Fluid, 
see  Vesicula  nmbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Ped'icle  or  Apoph'tbis,  is  the  pedi- 
cle which  attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the 
embryo.     See  Vesicula  nmbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Pouch,  Vesicula  nmbilicalis  —  v. 
Vessels,  Omphalo-mesenteric. 

VITELLO-MESENTERIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

VITELLUM  OVT,  see  Ovum. 

VITELLUS  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  V.  Agnus  Castus  seu  verticilla'ta,  Ag- 
nus Castus,  (F.)  Gattilier,  Petit  Poivre,  Poivre 
sauvage.  Family,  Pyrenaces.  Sex,  £W.  Didy- 
namia  Angiospermia.  The  Chaste  Tree.  The 
seeds,  when  fresh,  have  a  fragrant  smell,  and  an 
acrid,  aromatic  taste.  Formerly,  they  were  cele- 
brated as  antaphrodisiacs. 

VITI  SALTUS,  Chorea. 

VITIA  PRIMS  CONFORMATIONS,  see 
Monster. 

VITIATIO,  Stuprum. 

VITILIGINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra— v.  Alphus,  Lepra  alpho- 
ides— v.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans— v.  Nigra,  Lepra 
nigricans. 

VITIS  ALBA  8TLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
-  -v.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinthiaca. 

Vitis  Corinthiaca.  Family  of  the  Vines. 
Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
affords  the  Uva  passa  mino'ree,  Passa  Corinthi- 
aca, Pas' tula  mino'ree,  Uva  Corinthiaca,  Corin- 
thiaca, Currants,  (F.)  Raisins  de  Oorinthe;  which 


are  the  dried  frnit  of  the  Vitis  Corinthiaca  or 
Viti&  apvre'na;  and  are  similar,  in  their  proper- 
ties, to  the  raisin. 

Vitis  Idma  Mtrttllus,  Vaccinium  myrtillus 
— v.  Idrea  Palustris,  Vaccinium  oxycocoos  —  v. 
Idaa  punctata,  Vaccinium  vitis  idaea— r.  Sativa, 
V.  vinifera. 

Vitis  Vinif'hra,  V.  eati'va,  Am'pelos,  A. 
CBnoph'oroa.  The  Orape  vine,  the  Vine,  (F.) 
Vigne.  Vine  leaves  and  the  ten  arils  have  an 
astringent  taste,  and  were  formerly  used  in  diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  Ac.  The  juice  or  sap,  called 
Lac'ryma,  has  been  recommended  in  calculous 
disorders  and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmia. 
The  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called  Verjuice. 
The  Grape,  Uva,  Botrys,  Staph'yli,  Rhax,  (F.) 
Raisin,  when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome  delicious  fruit; 
and,  when  dried,  forms  the  Uva  passa  majo'ret, 
Pass'ula  majo'res,  Uva  pama  soli  sicca'ta,  Zx- 
beba,  Rai*in*.  These  are  inodorous;  and  to  the 
taste,  sub-acidulous,  sweet,  and  mucilaginous. 
They  are  demulcent  and  nutritive. 

VITIUM,  Disease— v.  Caducum,  Epilepsy. 

ViTiuif  Conforxa'tiokis.  A  disease  or  fault 
of  conformation. 

Vinmc  Divinuh,  Epilepsy  — v.  Herculeum, 
Epilepsy — v.  Sorophulosum,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

VITREOUS,  Hyaline— v.  Humour,  Corpus  vi- 
treum— v.  Humour  of  the  ear,  Vitrine  auditive. 

VITREUS,  Hyaline. 

VITRINE  AUDITIVE  (F.),  from  mtrum, 
'glass;'  End'olymph,  Liquor  of  Scarpa,  Fluid 
of  Scarpa,  Vitreous  Humour  of  the  Ear.  The 
fluid  contained  in  the  membranous  labyrinth  of 
the  ear,  so  called  from  its  resemblance  to  the 
vitreoue  humour  of  the  eye. 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas— v.  Blue,  Cupri  sul- 
phas—  v.  Cseruleum,  Cupri  sulphas  —  v.  Green, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  v.  Roman,  Cupri  sulphas  —  v. 
White,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  sulphas  — v. 
Ammoniacale,  Ammonia)  sulphas — v.  Cupri,  Cu- 
pri sulphas — v.  Cyprium,  Cupri  sulphas — 7.  Ferri, 
Ferri  sulphas — v.  Goslariense,  Zinci  sulphas — v. 
Martis,  Ferri  sulphas  —  v.  Romanum,  Cupri  sul- 
phas— v.  Veneris,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Viride,  Ferri 
sulphas — v.  Zinci,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Hy'alos,  Clou,  Brancia,  (F.)Ferre, 
from  videre,  'to  see.'  Glass,  coarsely  powdered, 
has  been  sometimes  used  to  remove  specks  of  the 
cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  but  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.    It  acts  only  mechanically. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth-powders.  It  is 
called  Sandiver,  Sel  de  verre,  Close  Call,  Fel 
vitri,  Ac 

Viteum  Antihonii,  see  Antimonii  vitrum — v. 
Hypoclepticum,  Separatorium  —  v.  Oculare,  see 
Spectacles — v.  Sublimatorium,  AludeL. 

VITTA,  Bandelette,  Caul. 

VIVJESECTIO,  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  CIVETTA,  see  Civctta. 

VIVTPARITJS,  see  Viviparous. 

VIVIP'AROUS,  from  vivue,  'alive/ and pario, 
'I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet  applied  to  animals 
whose  young  are  brought  forth  detached,  without 
requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in  the  Oviparous. 
The  condition  may  be  termed  Vivip'arousness, 
(F.)  Vivipariti.    See  Generation. 

VTVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Viviparous. 

VIVISECTION,  Vivisec'tio,  Vivaiec'tio,  Bio- 
tom'ia,  from  vivue,  '  alive/  and  eecare,  tectum,  'to 
cut.'  The  act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living 
animals.  One  who  performs  vivisections  is  * 
vivisector. 

VOCAL,  Oral— v.  Tube,  see  Tube,  vooaL 


V0CAM8 


910 


VOMITING 


VOCA  LIS,  Vowel. 

VOCE  DI  PETTO,  see  Voice— v.  di  Testa, 

see  Voice 

VOICE,  Vox,  Audi,  Phoni,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
vocare,  *  to  name,  to  call/  An  appreciable  sound 
produced  by  the  air,  when  driven  from  the  lungs, 
throwing  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the  glottis  into 
vibration.  The  function  by  which  this  is  effected 
has  been  called  Phona'tion,  It  is  a  function  of 
animal  life;  and,  in  animals,  is  limited  to  the 
production  of  the  simple  or  instinctive  voice,  as 
well  as  in  the  idiot;  but,  in  intellectual  man,  be- 
comes much  more  complicated  and  articulated, — 
an  evidence  of  his  intellectual  superiority. 

Voice,  Artic'ulatbd,  Speech,  toque' la,  Glossa, 
Qlotta,  La'lia,  Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  articu- 
Ue,  is  the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modi- 
fled  by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lip,  and  other 
parts  of  the  vocal  tube.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  the  space  between 
the  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments  plus  the  ligaments 
themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal  sounds  are 
formed ;  but  the  mechanism  of  this  formation  is 
a  matter  of  dispute.  The  greater  part  of  indivi- 
duals regard  the  glottis  and  its  ligaments,  with 
the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space  which  the  sound  has 
to  traverse  after  it  is  produced  in  the  glottis,  as 
a  reed  instrument,  like  the  clarionet,  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In 
speech,  as  ordinarily  effected,  the  tongue,  lips, 
teeth,  Ac,  are  concerned,  but  there  are  some 
authentic  cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  ac- 
complished after  the  tongue  has  been  removed. 
In  such  cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have 
been  produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided 
by  an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx ; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  supra-laryngeal,  or  notes  of  the 
second  register.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal 
voice,  falsetto  or  faucette  voice  or  voce  di  testa, 
(I.)  The  laryngeal  voice  or  voice  of  the  first  re- 
gister, is  the  Voce  di  Petto,  (I.) 

Voice,  Bleating,  Egophony — v.  Cavernous, 
Pectoriloquy. 

Voice,  Choi/eric,  Vox  Choler'ica.  The  pecu- 
liar husky  voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

Voice,  Cosyul'sive,  Vox  convulsi'va,  (F.) 
Voix  convulsive.  A  neurosis  of  the  voice,  con- 
sisting in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds — 
acute  and  grave — which  cannot  be  brought  to  the 
natural  tones  by  any  effort  of  volition.  It  seems 
to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction  of  the 
muscles  of  the  larynx. 

Voice,  Falsetto,  see  Voice — v.  Goat's,  Ego- 
phony —  v.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 
— v.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice — v.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 


gophony. 
VOIE, 


Way. 


VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive— v. 
Lachrymales,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  Premieres, 
Ways,  digestive — ».  Secondes,  Ways,  second — v. 
Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  DU  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati — v.  Mtdnllairc  infirieure,  Velum  medullare 
inferius — v.  MiduUaire  supirieure,  Valvula  Vi- 
eussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice — v.  Aigre,  see  Acid — p.  Articu- 
lie,  Voice,  articulated,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Bour- 
eionnante,  see  Resonance  —  v.  Bronchique,  Re- 
sonance—  p.  Oaverneuse,  Pectoriloquy — v.  Chi- 
vrotante,  Egophony  —  v.  jfigophonique,  Egophony 
—p.  de  Polichinelle,  Egophony — v.  Sinile,  Ego- 
phony— v.  Tubaire,  see  Resonance. 

VOLA,  Palm— v.  Man  us,  Palm— v.  Pedis,  Sole. 

VOLATTCA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZA'TION,  Volatilisa'tio,  Volatisa'- 


tio,  from  tolart, '  to  fly.'   The  opentwa  rf  «& 
ang  rolatilizable  substances  iota  em  or  t*j>  a 

VOLATISATIO,  Volatilisation. 

VOLIT"ION,  Volif'io,  from  wfe,  *io  w- 
The  act  of  willing.    Hence : 

VOLIT"IONAL,  relating  to  volinct.  Ta 
the  muscles  may  be  moved  by  a  solitm:. .:  ;* 
an  emotional  impulse. 

VOLNUS,  Wound. 

VOLSELLA,  Acanthoboloi,  Forceps,  ik/> 
rium — v.  Patini,  Valet  &  Pati*. 

VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 

VOLT  US,  Countenance,  Face. 

VOL'UNTARY,  Hecu'sius,  Vdm^riv.H 
voluntas,  *  wilL'     Relating  to  the  will :  is  •     ■ 
tary  muscles ;'  muscles  which  set  in  ot*L:- 
the  will. 

VOLUNTAS,    Volenrtiat  ArWri**,  '    •• 
itas,  Boule'sis,  BuU'sis,  TkeWma,  (F.<  7 
Will  or  desire. 

Voluh'tas  seu  Crpn/rrAS  Disemsd'i.  I  :- 
do  intesti'ni.    The  desire  to  go  to  stool. 

VOLVULUS,  Ileus— v.  Intestinonus.  to* 
susceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  IXASE,  YcJ* 
tion. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'  Ot  «to*.— 
trum,  Os  maxilVm  superio'ris  undtc''im^- 
of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from  it*  ?•' 
blance.    It  is  an  asygous  bone,  formin;  *- 
terior  part  of  the  septum  narium.  It  U  it  - t- 
and  quadrilateral ;  and  is  articulated,  ••  r 
the  superior  maxillary  and  palatice hi*-.-  - 
above,  to  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  and  c -n-  • 
Bertin.    It  is  developed  by  a  angle  po:    * 
sifi cation.    Also,  the  penis. 

VOM'ICA.  Pyocys'tis,  from  w»w,  lw  -• 
1  to  cast  up.'     (F.)  Vomiqve,  OoeAw»'  " 
A  term  used  by  some  authors  foriJ»jr-'"' 
collection  of  purulent  matter  in  the  iat*-r  ;   > 
viscus.    The  acceptation  is  commonly.  *  ' 
restricted  to  purulent  collections  in  :b-  — 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  dischirp : 
mouth,  by  breaking  into*  the  bronchial '-" 
Two  kinds  of  vomicae  are  distinguished:  " 
caused  by  the  softening  or  breaking  ■ '" 
pulmonary  tubercles ;  the  other,  of  w  -  ■  - 
rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  circam«r!K 
of  the  lungs.     Instead  of  opening  into  -  ' 
chia,  the  abscess  Is  sometimes  dischsif  <d  *"• " 
cavity  of  the  pleura,  causing  empjema 

VOMICAE,  Brucia. 

VOMIQVE,  Vomica. 

VOMIQUIER,  Strychnos  nnx  voaia.  # 

VOMISSEMENT,  Vomiting-**^ 
Hssmatemesis. 

VOMIT,  Emetic  — v.  Black,  Ferer,."-' 
Melee  n  a. 

Vomit,  Drt,  of  Marriott.  Aonee<* -^ 
emetic,  called  'dry,*  from  its  having k« • 
without  solution.    It  consisted  of  equal  y 
of  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potass,  and  *." 
of  copper. 

VOMITIF.  Emetic. 

VOMITINE,  Emetine. 

VOM'ITING,  Vom'itus,  Vomit"**  T*' 
Vom'itum,  Evomit"ior  Ana'tropi\K*'#,ir, 
Palmus  vom'itus,  JEaritu'do  tftric'rf.  ***' 
Puking,  Sickness  of  the  Stomachy  (F.  »  *' 
tnent,   from  vomere,   '  to  cast  up.'    *■*£', 
which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  jo '-  * 
mach,  are  ejected  by  the  mouth.  Vob»c:*  ' 
effect  of  some  special  irritation  of  thet  '• 
the  stomach,  calling,  by  reflex  action, «  - .^ 
propriate  muscles  to  expel  the  c00t^yr  l 
viscus.     It  is  not  accomplished  soM?    .". 
contraction  of  the  stomach,  as  was  m1^ 
time  believed.    That  organ,  indeed,  «**y  •  * 


VOMITIO 


911 


VULVO-TJTERINB 


process ;  but  the  main  cause  la  the  compression 
exerted  upon  the  parietes  of  the  viscus  by  the 
diaphragm  and  abdominal  muscles.  Vomiting  is 
a  symptom  common  to  numerous  diseases.  At 
times,  it  is  sympathetic,  as  in  affections  of  the 
kidney,  uterus,  brain,  Ac  At  others,  it  is  symp- 
tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  Ac.  When 
very  troublesome,  it  may  often  be  palliated  by 
effervescent  draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or 
blisters  to  the  epigastric  region,  Ac. 

Vomiting  at  Plbaburs,  Regurgitation  —  v. 
of  Blood,  Hsemateniesi* — v.  Sterooraoeous,  Co- 
premesis. 

VOMITIO,  Vomiting— v.  Sanguinis,  Hwmate- 
mesis. 

VOMITIUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow— ▼.  Prieto, 
Fever,  vellow. 

VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 

VOMITORY,  Emetic. 

VOMITUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITURITION,  Vomiturftio,  Ernes' ia,  Dy- 
semes'ia,  Sitbvcr'sio  stom'achi.  Same  etymon  as 
Vomiting.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit ;  Vomen'di 
cona'men  ina'ne,  Retching,  Reaching,  Heading. 
Some  authors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting  of 
but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  almost 
without  effort  The  first  acceptation  is  the  most 
general. 

VOMIT  US,  Vomiting  —  v.  Cruentus,  Haema- 
temesis — v.  Fseculentus,  Gopremesis — v.  Marinas, 
Nausea  marina — v.  Navigantium,  Nausea  marina 
— v.  Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pituitosus,  Blenne- 
mesis — v.  Profusus,  Hyperemesis — v.  Purulentus, 
Pyemepis — v.  Sanguinis,  Hssmatemesis — v.  Ster- 
corie,  Copremesis. 

VOORARA,  Curare. 

VOUACAPUA  AMERICANA,  Geoffrsea  in- 
ermis. 

YO0TE,  Vault— v.  Ifidullaire,  Corpus  cal- 
losum  —  v.  &  Trois  Piliers,  Fornix. 

VOWEL,  Voca'lis,  from  Latin  vox,  'the  voice/ 
and  voco,  'to  call.'  (F.)  Voyelle.  Physiologi- 
cally, a  continuous  breath  or  sound,  produced  in 
the  glottis ;  but  more  or  less  modified  by  the  form 
of  the  vocal  tube,  through  which  it  has  to  pass. 
In  the  English  language,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  10,  and  y 
are  vowels. 

VOX,  Voice — v.  Cholerica,  Voice,  choleric  — 
v.  Clangosa,  Oxyphonia — v.  Convulsiva,  Voix 
Convulsive — v.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia — v.  Rauca, 
Raucedo,  Raucous  voice — v.  Raucisona,  Raucous 
voice. 

TOTELLE,  Vowel. 

VUE,  Vision  — v.  Courte,  Myopia — v.  Diume, 
Hemeralopia — v.  Faible,  Amblyopia — v.  Longue, 
Presbytia — v.  Louche,  Strabismus — v.  Nocturne, 
Nyctalopia. 

VULGA,  Vulva. 

VULNtiRAIRE,  Vulnerary  — v.  Suisse,  see 
Falltranck. 

VULNERARIUS,  Traumatic 

VUL'NERARY,  Vulnera'rius,  Traumatic**, 
Traumatic,  from  vulnus,  vulneru,  'a  wound/  (F.) 
VuinSrairs.    A  name  applied  by  the  ancients  to 


medicines,  which  they  considered  capable  of  ft* 
vouring  the  consolidation  of  wounds.  The  pro- 
perty has  been  ascribed  to  various  plants. 

VULNERATIO  NERVI,  Neurotrosis. 

VULNUS,  Wound — v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration —  v.  Sclopetarium,  Wound,  gun-shot— v. 
Simplex,  Cut. 

VULNUSCULUM,  Wound. 

VULPIS  MORBUS,  Alopecia. 

VULTUEUX  (¥.),  Vultuo'sns.  Corvisart  has 
used  the  expression,  Face  vultueuse,  Fa'cies  vul- 
tuo'sa,  for  the  face,  when  it  is  more  florid  and 
swollen  than  in  the  natural  state.  This  appear- 
ance, which  is  observed  in  active  aneurism  of  the 
heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is  owing  to  the  afflux 
of  blood  into  the  arterial  capillaries,  and  hence 
differs  from  the  livid  and  swollen  appearance 
caused  by  the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  venous 
capillaries,  constituting  the  Face  injecUe. 

VULTUS,  Countenance,  Face— v.  Tetricus  et 
Mosstus,  Scythropasmus. 

VULVA,  Uterus,  see  Vulva. 
*  Vulva,  from  valva,  *  a  door.'  Hortus,  Cunnus, 
Puden'dum  mulie'bri,  Sinus  pudo'ris,  Choiros, 
Arvum,  Bucca,  Bulga,  Cadur'cus,  Gustos,  Femen, 
An'nulus,  Femur  sumrnum,  Follicfulus,  Fundus, 
Gre'mium,  Hia'tus,  Lanu'vium,  Navis,  Oppid'u- 
lum,  Specus,  Vulga,  Cymba,  Saltus,  Clitor'ium, 
Os'tium,  Sulcus,  Amphicaus'tis,  Concha,  Porcus, 
Porta,  Inter/emineum,  Mulie'bria,  Fossa  magna 
mulie'bris,  Episei'on,  Es'chara,  Sor'tulus  eupid'- 
inis,  Bouba'lios,  Byssos,  Cava,  Caver1  na,  Delphys, 
Delta,  Fovea,  Gynace'um,  the  Female  puden'dum, 
the  Female  organs  of  generation,  the  Female  parts, 
Loci  mulie'bres,  (F.)  Vulve.  A  longitudinal  open- 
ing between  the  projecting  parts  of  the  external 
organs  of  generation  in  the  female,  extending  from 
the  mons  veneris  to  the  perineum,  and  which  is 
called,  also,  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists  mean, 
by  this  term,  the  whole  of  the  external  genital 
organs  of  tho  female: — mons  veneris;  labia  ma- 
jors, and  the  cleft  or  vestibule  separating  them ; 
the  clitoris;  nymphce;  meatus  urinarius;  en- 
trance of  the  vagina;  with  the  hymen  or  the 
carunculse  myrtiformes,  fossa  navicularia  and 
fourchette. 

Vulva,  Fora'men  commu'ni  ante'rius,  Iter  ad 
in/undib'ulum,  Iter  sen  Ad'itus  ad  ter'tium  ven- 
tric'ulum,  Rima  ad  in/undibfulum,  Apertu'ra  <w- 
te'rior  ventric'uli  ter'tii  cerebri.  An  opening 
situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optio  thalami,  in 
the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain,  and  immediately 
beneath  the  anterior  cms  of  the  fornix. 

VULVAIRE,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVAR,  Vulva'ris,  from  vulva.  That  which 
relates  to  the  vulva.  Chaussier  gives  this  name 
to  the  external  pudio  arteries,  because  they  are 
distributed  to  the  vulva. 

VULVARIA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVE,  Vulva. 

VULVFTIS,  a  hybrid  word,  from  vulva,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
vulva. 

VULVO-UTERINE  CANAL,  Vagina. 


WAD 


912 


WATER 


W. 


If  AD,  Graphite*. 

WAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Indu'cula,  (P.)  Ca- 
misole, Oilet  deforce,  A  dress,  used  for  restrain- 
ing maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under  violent 
delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which  are  tied 
behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  cannot  be  ex- 
tricated from  them.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be 
made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALE,  Wheal. 

WALKING,  Qreeeut,  Ineee,eue,  Deatnbula'tio, 
Ambula'tio,  Bad'ieie,  (F.)  La  march*.  The  action 
by  which  we  change  place,  by  means  of  a  succes- 
sion of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In  walking 
forwards,  the  centre  of  gravity  is  constantly  al- 
tered ;  and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic  curves  is 
described  on  the  heads  of  the  thigh-bones,  the 
extent  of  which  is  regulated  by  volition,  under 
the  guidance  of  virion. 

WALLA'CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs  in 
this  country,  especially  those  at  Bobotsch,  Fin- 
oesehti,  Sibitchiudi  Sub,  Brasa,  Otsehin,  Berbo- 
neschte,  Kimpalungi,  Koeia,  and  OloneschtL 
Chalybeate  and  saline  springs  have,  also,  been 
found  at  Sibitechtudi  Su*.— Siller. 

WALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

WALLRUE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

WALNUT,  Juglana  regia— w.  White,  Juglans 
clnerea. 

WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Gloucester- 
shire, England.    It  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate. 

WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  Iranian, 
'  to  wane,'  <  to  fall  away.'  '  Need  of  that  whioh  is 
necessary/  (F.)  Beeoin.  This  word  is  sometimes 
used  to  express  the  imperious  necessity  whioh 
compels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  Ac.  (See  Hunger 
and  Thirst)  In  a  more  general  sense,  it  means 
the  impressions  transmitted  by  the  organs  to  the 
brain,  when  it  is  necessary  that  they  should  act: 
these  wants  are  called  instinctive  deeiree  and  t»- 
temal  seneaHone  or  stimuli.  Suoh  are  the  desires 
or  wants  to  eat,  drink,  void  the  urine,  breathe 
(beeoin  de  reepirer),  Ac 

Want,  in  the  sense  of  indigence,  (L.)  Egeetae, 
Indigen'tia,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases. 

WARBURG'S  FEVER-DROPS,  see  Bebeeru. 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  HEADACH, 
Linimentum  camphors  oompositum  —  w.  White 
Drops,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 

WARMBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Much  frequented  springs  in  Silesia,  about  a  league 
from  Hirschberg.  They  are  thermal,  95°  to  100° 
Fah.,  and  are  chiefly  used  as  baths.  The  impreg- 
nating materials  are  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate 
of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  car- 
bonate of  magnesia,  and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  mineral  wa- 
ters of. 

WARNERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Cana- 


WART,  Verruca — w.  Corneous,  Cornn. 

WARTY,  Verf*ueoee,  Ver'rucoue,  Verruco'ens, 
from  Sax.  peant.  Full  of  warts.  Resembling, 
relating,  or  belonging  to  wants. 

Wartt  Tumour  of  Cicatrices.  A  name 
tfven  by  Mr.  Howship  to  the  tumour,  whioh 


sometimes  appears  on  an  old  scar,  suny  t«e\ 
perhaps,  after  the  injury  that  caused  it 

WASH,  BLACK,  see  Hydrargyri  nburc- 
w.  Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannay's — w.  Wti>-  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutes. 

WASHERWOMAN'S  SCAM*  P^- 
diffusa. 

WASP,  Yeepa,  Spier,  (F.)  Gutpe.  A  ?*t 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  aid  tit--. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  whieh  pom  i  • 
sonous  fluid  into  the  puncture  made  by  il  >  ■ 
Poisons,  Table  of.)  The  best  applies!**  '-•  '-• 
sp.  ammonia)  aromaticus,  or  some  prepare: : 
ammonia. 

WASSERBTJRG,  MINERAL  WATERS*. 
Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated «.:  v 
Inn,  28  miles  east  of  Munich.  The  water,  «-  - 
also,  Aqua  Aga'tii,  contains  carbonic  ackl ;  **• 
bonates  of  lime  and  magnesia ;  sulphates  •  : Vs 
and  magnesia ;  chloride  of  sodium,  earbotoa  - 
soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 

WASSERCUR,  Hydroendrfaerspea 

WATER,  Sai.pffiteji,  (G.)Wasger.  J?*^ 
dor,  <»fep,  Alma,  (F.)  Earn,  Protoafidevfly*' 
Water  was  at  one  time  regarded  as  s  mep!^  ~ 
ment    It  is  now  known  to  consist  of  eigkt ;.-' 
by  weight  of  oxygen,  and  one  of  hvdrwrts.  : 
freezes  at  32°,  and  boil*  at  212°  of  Fabm 
and  is  taken  as  the  unit  in  all  tabta  of  s-  : 
gravity  of  solid  and  liquid  suhstsaeM.  *** 
as  we  meet  with  it,  is  very  different  is  it*  •-• 
of  purity ;  generally,  it  contains  small  qa»r  - 
of  saline  matter ;  at  other  times,  ai  m  »-"<-' 
and  mineral  waters,  it  is  largely  impftwf 
The  characters  of  water,  as  met  with  B*fcr  "'■ 
nary  circumstances,  are  well  compared  hy  *■ 
"Aqua  levieeima  pluvicUis  ett  /  dtimcU  }  * 
turn  ex  Jlumine  ;  rum  ear  put***;  poet  aec  a  * 
aid  glacie;  gravior  him   ex  lacu;  ffT*rwr>;ff 
paludW    Pure  water  ia  one  of  the  best  c.-  - 
that  can  be  used.    When  cold,  and  «j" 
when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  usefal  *:*«• 
rants;  and,  in  the  form  of  the  cold, Up;  -» 
warm  bath,  it  is  serviceable  in  numeroas  <L?  y » 

Water  of  Aix-la-Chapells,  see  Aix-*  * 
pelle  —  w.  Allflower,  Urine,  cows*'— w-  -Vf-5 
Apple-tea — w.  Barley,  Decoctum  hordo. 

Water  Bed.  A  bed,  contrived  by  Dr.  A*?' 
which,  in  consequence  of  its  being  pi***  - 
water,  is  well  adapted  for  the  bedridden.         , 

Water,  Binelli,  Aqua  BinellS— »•  cf  B-?  i 
Almonds,  Aqua  Amygdnlarnm  eoaewtna-* 
Brash,  Pyrosis — w.  Brocchieri,  Aqua  Braced 
— w.  Camphor,  Mistura  Camphors. 

Water  Caitker,  Cancer  aquatieus. 

Water,  Carui,  Strong,  Sphrtai  etrsi-* 
Chicken,  Chicken-tea — w.  Cinnamon,  iq»  "* 
namomi — w.  Cinnamon,  strong,  Spiritss  &■* 
momi — w.  Cologne,  Earn  de  OUogmx 

Water  Cure,  Hydroandotberapeia. 

Water,  Disttl'led,  Aqma  amtUU'u.  tf.  I* 
dietilUe,  Holy  water,  is  generally  order**  * 
temporaneous  prescriptions,  but  is  rarr>  ■»* 
In  some  cases,  however,  it  is  ahsotatd.*1** 
sary;  as  water,  containing  any  saline  ie?^ 
tion— hard  water,  for  example  aeconpqy  * 
tain  eubetanoes.  Distilled  water  has  be*  ^": 
mended  as  a  diet-drink  in  canceroaf  •»*** 
and  it  is  used  in  the  religions  eereawei*  -  ' 
Catholic  church.  In  the  Pharaacopsra  ■'  * 
United  States,  it  la  directed  to  be  »***'_ 
lows :—  Take  of  water,  ten  gallon*,  ft*** 


WATEB 


91$ 


WATEB 


two  pints,  and  throw  them  away;  then  distil 
eight  gallone.  Keep  the  distilled  water  in  glass 
bottles. 

Water-doctor,  see  TJromantia. 

Water-dressing.  The  treatment  of  wounds 
and  ulcers  by  the  application  of  water.  It  gene- 
rally consists  in  dipping  folds  of  lint  in  water, 
and  placing  them  on  the  part : — the  whole  being 
covered  with  oiled  silk  or  elastic  gum. 

Water,  Epileptic,  of  Langius,  Langii  aqua 
epileptioa  —  w.  Fennel,  Aqua  foeniouli. 

Water  Flag,  Yellow,  Iris  pseudacorns. 

Watbr,Florid  a, — a  celebrated  perfume, — may 
be  made  of  01.  Bergami  f^iv;  Tinet.  benuoin.  e. 


f  5ij  ;  Alcohol,  cong. 
hSa 


Fater,  Gooxard,  Liquor  plumbi  sub-acetatis 
dilutus. 

Water,  Hard.  Common  water,  which  de- 
composes and  curdles  soap ;  in  contradistinction. 
to  soft  voter,  which  is  readily  miscible  with  soap. 
The  hardness  of  water  depends  upon  the  pre- 
sence in  it  of  earthy  salts,  the  most  common  of 
which  is  sulphate  of  lime. 

Water,  Holt,  Water,  distilled  —  w.  Honey, 
see  Mel  —  w.  in  the  Head,  Hydrocephalus  —  w. 
Hungary,  Spiritus  rosmarinL 

Water  Jags,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  lacu,  (F.)  Eau  de  lao, 
U  apt  to  be  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

Water,  Laurel,  see  Prunus  lauro-oerasns  — 
w.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavandules — w.  Lemon- 
peel,  see  Lemonpeel  Tea  —  w.  Lime,  Liquor  cal- 
cis  —  w.  Lime,  compound,  Liquor  calcls  compo- 
situs — w.  Magnesia,  aerated,  Magnesia,  fluid  — 
w.  Magnesia,  carbonated,  Magnesia,  fluid. 

Water,  Marsh,  Aqua  paludo'sa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Marais,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  generally 
more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded  with* 
decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  matters. 

Water,  Mineral,  Aqua  minera'lie,  A,  salur~ 
brie,  A.  medica'ta,  Font  saluta'rius,  F.  medica'- 
tue,  F.  sote'rius,  Aqua  sots' ria,  (F.)  Eau  minSrale. 
Water,  holding  in  solution  different  saline  and 
gazeous  substances  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be 
possessed  of  medicinal  properties,  or  of  a  temper- 
ature different  from  that  of  the  ordinary  springs 
of  the  country. 

Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four  classes : 

. 1.  Qateous  or  Acidulous.    2.  Chalybeate.    8. 

Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These  may  be  thermal, 
or  cold,  —  natural,  or  artificial.  Many  of  these 
divisions,  however,  run  into  each  other ;  some  of 
the  substances,  which  they  hold  dissolved,  be- 
longing to  one  class  as  well  as  to  another. 

1.  Ga'teous,  Aeid'uloue  or  Carbonated  JftW- 
eral  Waters,  Aqua  minera'les  acid'ula,  (F.) 
JBaux  mineralee  gaeeuses  ou  aeidules.  The  wa- 
ters referred  to  this  class  are  those  that  contain 
carbonic  acid  gas  in  suoh  quantity  as  to  commu- 
nicate to  it  certain  sensible  qualities.  Waters 
impregnated  with  free  carbonic  acid,  sparkle  when 
drawn  from  the  spring,  or  when  poured  into  a 
glass.  They  have  a  sharp,  acidulous  taste ;  but 
become  vapid  from  exposure  to  the  air.  Along 
with  the  carbonic  acid,  there  are  generally  pre- 
sent portions  of  saline,  earthy  or  metallic  mat* 
ter,  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated  with  carbonic 
acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  stomach ;  increase 
the  appetite,  and  are  diuretic ;  hence,  their  utility 
in  dyspepsia,  hypochondriasis,  and  gout.  Their 
properties  are,  of  course,  modified  by  the  saline 

fifl 


matter  that  may  be  also  contained  in  them.  The 
most  celebrated  amongst  the  acidulous  waters 
are  those  of  Bar,  Ghateldon,  St.  Myon,  Mont 
d'Or,  Langeac,  Seltzer,  Schlangenbad,  Sultzmatt, 
Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carlsbad,  Cheltenham,  Scarbo- 
rough, Saratoga,  Ballston,  and  the  Sweet  Springs 
of  Virginia. 

2.  Chalyb'eate  or  Ferruginous  Mineral  Waters, 
Aqua  minera'les  ferrugino'sa,  A.  Chalybta'ta,  A. 
Martia'les,  (F.)  Eaux  minirales  ferrugineuses, 
contain  iron  —  sulphate,  chloride  or  carbonate, 
generally  the  latter — held  in  solution  by  an  ex- 
cess of  acid.  Chalybeate  waters  have  a  peculiar 
Btyptio  taste.  They  are  transparent  when  taken 
from  the  spring;  but,  when  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle  forms  on  the  surface, 
and  a  deposite  of  the  iron  takes  place.  Chalybeate 
waters  are  used  as  tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds; 
in  all  cases,  in  fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to 
be  indicated.  They  are  the  most  numerous  of 
all  the  classes  of  mineral  waters.  In  this 
dictionary,  those  only  are  specified  which  have 
some  celebrity;  yet  there  are  upwards  of  ninety; 
whilst  there  are  more  than  sixty  of  the  saline, 
and  upwards  of  thirty-five  of  the  sulphureous. 
The  moat  celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of 
Tunbridge,  Scarborough,  Spa,  Bussang,  Forges, 
Vichy,  Pyrmont,  Passy,  Provins,  and  Vals. 

3.  Saline  Mineral  Waters,  Aqua  minerales  «a- 
IV  na,  Amna  aUaliza'ta  (Paracelsus,)  Hydralmm, 
(F.)  Eaux  minirales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in 
solution  different  saline  substances  in  greater 
quantity  than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  differ 
in  properties,  according  to  the  salts  contained  in 
them.  The  salts  usually  present  are  sulphates, 
chlorides,  and  carbonates;  and  the  bases,  with 
which  the  acids  forming  these  are  combined,  are 
soda,  magnesia,  and  lime.  Saline  mineral  waters 
are  usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are 
those  of  Seltzer,  Sedlitz,  Balaruo,  Bourbonne-les- 
Bains,  Baden,  Epsom,  Cheltenham,  Ac. 

To  this  class  may  also  be  added  Sea  water. 

4.  Sulphu'rcous  Mineral  Waters,  Aqua  mine* 
rales  sulphu'rea  /  when  warm,  termed  Theio- 
therma,  Theiopcga,  Theother'ma,  Fontee  sulphu*~ 
rei  cal'idi,  (F.)  Eaux  minirales  sulfureuses,  Eaux 
sulfurics,  E.  sulfureuses,  E.  hipatiques,  Ac.  These 
waters  owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an 
impregnation  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  are 
at  once  recognized  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell, 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain  saline  substances,  which  modify  their 
powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  affections ; 
and,  from  the  combined  action  of  this  and  the 
saline  matter,  they  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  They  are  also 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions ;  and  the  warm 
sulphur  baths  have  been  especially  celebrated  in 
such  cases,  as  well  as  in  rheumatic  affections. 
The  most  renowned  sulphureous  waters  are  those 
of  Bareges,  Bagneres-de-Luchon,  Cauterets,  Bon- 
nes, Aix  in  Savoy,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien, 
Harrogate,  Moffat,  Virginia  Springs,  Ac 

Some  springs,  as  those  of  Bath,  Buxton,  Dax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Virginia, 
Ac,  are  almost  pure  Thermal  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatio  affec- 
tions; the  warmth  being  equable  during  the 
whole  period  the  individual  U  immersed  in  them ; 
which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial  thermal 
bath. 

The  following  Table  by  Dr.  Pereira  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  micersi 
waters. 


WATER,  MINERAL 


914 


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WEIGHTS 


Water,  MnrntAL,  Aoidulous  water,  simple. 

Waters,  Mineral,  Artificial,  (F.)  Eaux 
minirale*  artijicielU*  ou  facticc*.  These  are  imi- 
tations of  the  natural ;  and  some  of  them  —  as 
the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlits  wa- 
ter—  answer  the  purpose  of  the  natural  water 
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chalybeate 
waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

Water,  Nutmeg,  Spiritus  myristicsB — w.  Pars- 
nep,  creeping,  Sium — w.  Pennyroyal,  spirituous, 
Spiritus  pulegti  —  w.  Peppermint,  Aqua  menthss 
piperita?. 

Water  Pox,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Protoxide  of  Nitro&ek,  Aquanitro- 
genii  protoxydi. 

Water  Qdalm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Rain,  Aqua  pluvia'li;  A.  pWvia,  A. 
/m'oriust,  (P.)  Eau  de  ptuie,  when  collected  at  a 
distance  from  houses  or  other  elevated  objects,  is 
the  purest  natural  water,  and  has  the  least  spe- 
cific gravity.  The  only  bodies  which  it  usually 
holds  in  solution,  are  carbonic  acid,  and  minute 
traces  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  chloride  of  calcium. 

Water,  Rick,  see  Oryza. 

Water,  River,  Aqua  JluviatilU,  Is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  springs  and  rain 
water.    It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose,  Aqua  rosea. 

Water,  Sea,  Aqua  Mart' no,  Humor  Do^idi*, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Mcr.  This  contains  chlorides  of 
sodium,  magnesium  and  calcium,  and  sulphate 
of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic,  and  forms  the 
usual  glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  exoellent  tonic 
bath ;  superior  in  most  cases — especially  in  scro- 
fula —  to  the  fresh  water-bath. 

Water,  Searle's  Patent  Oxygenous  Aer- 
ated, Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi  —  w.  Seyds- 
chutz,  Sedlits  water. 

Water  Shield,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F.)  Eau  de 
ueige,  has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome. 
It  exactly  resembles  rain  water  in  composition, 
and  is  equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Soda,  Acidulous  water,  simple  —  w. 
Soft,  see  Water,  hard  — w.  Spearmint,  Aqua 
menthsB  viridis. 

Water,  Spring,  Aqua  fonta'na,  Bydrope'gl, 
(F.)  Eau  de/ontaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  the 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When  this  is  to  sueh  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  be 
hard;  if  not,  •oft.  Hard  water  is,  of  course, 
inferior  to  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

Water,  Styptic,  Sydenham's  solutio  sulphatis 
eupri  oomposita  —  w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
w.  Toast,  see  Toast-water. 

Water,  Well,  Aqua  puteaflie  sen  Putta'na, 
A,  expu'teo,  (F.)  Eau  de  puit,  Eau  de  source,  is 
the  same  as  spring  water,  but  liable  to  impregna- 
tion, owing  to  the  land  springs  filtering  into  the 
wells,  and  oonveying  impurities  into  them. 

Waters,  Discharged  or  Broken,  Profnsio 
aqua)  —  w.  Distilled,  Aquas  destillatie — w.  First, 
PrimitiflB. 

WATTWEILBR,  mineral  waters  of. 

Wattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  department  of 
Haut-Rhln,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges.  The  wa- 
ters are  acidulous  chalybeate*,  and  oontain  car- 
bonates of  iron,  lime,  and  soda;  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  free  carbonic  acid. 

WAX,  Cera  —  w.  Ear,  Cerumen. 

WAX,  MYRTLE.  A  wax  obtained  from  the 
fruit  of  Myri'ca  eeri/'era.  It  has  been  prescribed 
in  dysentery. 

"Wax.  Yellow  and  White,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Cre«sen'ri«,  (F.)  O-ofr- 
•aueeet  Oroieeante,  Qiande*  de  eroimance.    A  po- 


pular term  for  small  tumours,  formed  tract 
largement  of  the  lymphatic  glands— is  lie  rca 
of  children  particularly.  They  have  ben  \*iA 
upon  as  conneoted  with  the  growth  eftb*W<i. 

—  hence  their  name. 

WAY,  Saxon  waeg,  Via,  Pamegt,  (Mm,  ,1 
Vote.    A  name  given  to  different  oauk 

WAYS,  DIGESTIVE,  DigatmPatim, 
Prima  Via,  (F. )  Voice  digestive*,  Prm&m** 
are  the  series  of  hollow  organs  of  digesti*.  re- 
posed of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  ud  >il 
and  large  intestines.  The  term  is  often  itssra 
to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Wats,  Second,  Second  Pamnee*,  &*«» 
via,  (F. )  Second**  votes,  comprise  the  efaybttna 
lymphatic  and  blood  vessels. 

WEAKSIGHTEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 

WEAL,  Wheat 

WEANING,  from  Saxon  tensn,  'to  iw 
Ablacta'tio,  ApogalactiSmu*,  (F.)  Shratt.  lb 
act  of  depriving  the  infant,  permanently,  i  v 
breast,  in  order  to  feed  it  on  other  aid  k* 
solid  nourishment. 

WeaKix*  Brash,  see  Brash,  weanisf. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatient 

WEB,  MUSCULAR,  Panniculu  esrawa 

WEB-EYE,  Caligo. 

WEDGED,  (D.)  wegghc,  hcWm.!* 
rent,  (F.)  Enclave"*.  The  head  of  the  fe* » 
said  to  be  wedged  in  the  pelvis,  whet  it  rt=a 
fixed,  notwithstanding  the  uterine  effort. 

The  condition  is  called  Incmea'tio  m  J*"v 
va'tio  fcetCe,  Spheno'ria,  Inkarem,  (F.)  ^'-^ 
ment.    See  Paragomphoais. 

WEED,  see  Mastitis  —  w.  in  ths  Bn*  * 
Mastitis  —  w.  Dyer's,  Reseda  luteoU-*  F- 
Anthemis  cotula-— w.  Horsefly,  Sophoi ,fcr  -' 

—  w.  Milk,  Apocynum  androMeD^"-* 
Soldiers',  Matico— w.  Silver,  Potnuttimgra 

WEEPING,  Fletus. 

WEIGHT,  from  Saxon  »»s»a, '  *  ,?r 
(F.)  Pisanteur.  A  sensation  of  kear^  - 
pressure  over  the  whole  body,  or  ore? »  f«*«* 
the  stomach  or  head,  for  example. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  /W  £«  * 
Meneu'ra,  (F.)  Poide  et  Memtree.  Theiap^' 
of  possessing  a  uniform  system  of  vttf  ~ £< 
measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of  i^*- 
tries,  and  numerous  endeavours  have  be*  r* 
to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is,  bowtwr,!* 
ter  of  considerable  difficulty,  and  oat  a*  '-*• 
to  be  attained.  The  new  French  Bet**1-' 
are  upon  decidedly  the  best  footing,  hat  tt-'l1' 
not  adopted  out  of  France.  The  great*  *•' 
sity  prevails  over  Europe  in  the  meson*.  •  * 
of  weight  and  capacity.  Some  of  tb«  fr-' - 
tables  will  show,  that  every  suMivw«  V 
pound,  as  well  as  the  pound  itself;  diftn  a  * 
land  and  in  Franoe. 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weight,  a*  used  by  the  Brititk  J***** 
^-Pondu*  pkarmaeeu'tieum  sea  ■»*«■•> 


The  pound  m 
The  ounce  2 
The  drachm  & 
The  scrapie  g 
The,  grain  gt. 


contains 


Uoaaees. 
Sdracks* 

$  scrap!* 
Sfgrsu* 


these,  and  the  signs  by  which  tfeey  sre  *** 
are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Paam**r*" 
as  well  as  in  the  American. 

H.         Ou       Drm*.    *no>      f* 

1    -     8   -     *   -    <g 

*  -  i  z : 


WEIGHTS 


oir 


WEIGHTS 


Poid*  d*  M<nx. 
The  pound  l  f  16  ounces. 

The  0Kit£«     J  J    8  drachma. 

The  drachm  J>  eonUlns  <    3  scruples. 
The  scruple  l  34  graina. 

Tha  grain    J  { 

Avoirdupois. 

found.     Ounces.  Drachms.  Trey  groin*. 
0.  l.    —    16    —    236    —    7000 

1    —      J6    —      437.5* 

1    —       27.34375 

The  avoirdupois  drachm  is  sometime*  divided 
Into  three  scruples,  and  the  aernple  into  ten 
graina.  The  pound  of  7680  grains  ayoirdupoia 
=»  7000  graina  troy,  and  henoe  1  grain  troy  »- 
.97  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poid*  de  Mare  is  that  employed  by  the 
French  Pharmaciens,  when  the  new  weights  are 
not  The  Avoirdupois  is  now  used  by  the  Dub- 
lin College. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  relative  value 
of  the  old  French  and  English  weights : 


Poid*  ds  Marc.    Troy  WL  Avdrd.         Troy  grs. 

1  pd.  (livre)  —  1.31268/a    —  1.080143/0  -  7561 
1  ox.  (once)  —    .984504*  —  1  .080143m  —  473.5685 
1  dr.  (gree.)  —   .954504a>  —  59.0703135 

1  gr.  —  .820421 


Trvf. 
1  pound 
1  ounce 
1  drachm 
1  grain 

Avoirdupois. 
1  pound 
1  ounce 


Poid*  it  Mare.       French  grains. 


0.76180  lb. 
1.01574  one* 
1.01574  grog 

Poid*  d*  Marc 
0.935803  lb. 
0.925803  race 


—  7561 

—  585.083 

—  73.135 

1.219 

French  grain*. 

—  8533.3 

—  533.87 


To  convert  French  grains  into  Troy) 

graina,  divide  by  f 

-  Troy  graina  into  French  f 

grains,  multiply  by  ) 

*  French  ounces  into  Troy  ) 

ounces,  divide  by  f 

M  Troy  ouncea  into  French  f 

ounces,  multiply  by  ) 
••  French   pounds  (poid*  do] 

mare)  into  Troy  pounds, 

multiply  by  V 

M  Troy  pounds  into  French  [ 

pounds,  divide  by  J 


L2189 


1.015734 


1.31368 


Troy  grain, 

1 
S 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

French  grain. 
1 
8 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


Poid*  da  Marc  or 
French  grain, 
1.919 
8.438 
3.657 
4.876 
6.095 
7.314 
8.533 
9.759 
10.971 

7rey  grain. 
0.8303 
1.6406 
9.4609 

assis 

4.1015 
4.9318 
5.7431 
6.5634 
7.3827 


JVets  French  Decimal  or  Metrical  Weighto. 
Trap  grain*. 


Milligramme  — 
Centigramme  — 
Decigramme  — 
Gramme  — 

Decagramme  — 
Hectogramme  — 
Kilogramme 


.0154 

.1543 

1.5434 

15.4340 

154.3403 

1543.4033 

15434.0334 


Myriagramme  —  154340.3344    — 


lb.  as.  dr.  gr. 

0  0    8    34.4 

0  3    1    44.4 

3  8    1    84 

86  9    6     0 


Comparative  Vain*  of  the  French  Medicinal 
Pound  and  that  of  other  Place*. 

lb*,  ot.  dr.  gr. 

Germany 0  15  4  48 

Amsterdam....  1  00  0  43 

Belgium 1  00  0  43 

Berne 1  00  0  00 

Copenhagen  . . .  0  15  3  90} 

Florence 0  11  0  59    divided  into  18  os. 

Genoa 0  10  5  60       do.     into  12  ox. 

Geneva 1  00  0  18 

Hamburg 0  15  8  15 

Lisbon 0  15  7  68 

London 0  18  3  IS    divided  into  18  os. 

Madrid 0  15  0  16 

Milan 0  9  3  00 

Monaco 0  15  8  23 

Naples 0  10  7  54    divided  into  18  oz. 

Paris 1  00  0  00    divided  into  16  os. 

Rome 0  11  0  50       do.     into  12  oc. 

Stockholm 0  13  7  8 

United  States..  0  13  3  13    divided  into  13  os. 

Warsaw 1  10  4  34 

Venice 0  8  6  00 

Vienna 1  3  3  33 


M1ASTJRBS  Of  CAPACITY. 


English  Measure  of  Fluid*. 
The  gallon  (cengius), 
The  pint  (octarius)  . . 
Tbejluidouace 


The  fiuidraekm. 
The  minim 


contains' 


r  8  pints. 
I  16  fluidounce*. 
8  fluidrachms. 
60  minima. 


Proportion*  of  the  Apothecaries*  and  Wine  Gallon. 

Gal.  Pints.  Fluidox.     Fluidr.      Minims.    Cub.  ivebes. 
1.8—    128    —    ,1024    —    61440    —    331 


16    — 

128 

a. 

7li80 

M 

28.975 

1    — 

8 

a 

480 

■_ 

1.HM7 

1 

— 

60 

— 

.3356 

Imperial  Measure,  adopted  by  the  London  Col- 
lege in  their  Pharmacopoeia  of  1836. 

Gallon.     Pint*.  Flnidounces.    Fluidr.  Minims. 

1      —      8     —      160      —      1280      —      76800 

1      —        20      —        160      —        9C00 

1      —  8—480 

1      —  60 


(7oasparaf»*«    Value  of  the  Proportic 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallon*. 


Hon*  of  the 


Win*. 

1  gallon 

1  oint  — 

1  fluidounce  — 

1  fluidrachm  — 


Pint*. 

—    6 


imperial. 

Fluidox.     Fluidr.  Minim*. 

13  8  33 

16  5  18 

1  0  80 

1  «4 


Imperial.  Wine. 

Gallon.   Pint  Fluidox.  Fluidr.  JMjimm. 


1  gallon  —  1 

1  pint  — 

1  fluidounce  — 
1  fluidrachm  — 


5  8 

1  38 

7  41 

58 


French  Measures  of  Capacity. 

English  cubic  inches.  Wine  Measure. 

Millilitre     —            .061038  —  16.3318  minima. 

Centilitre    —            .610380  —  3.7053  fluidrachmn. 

Decilitre     —           6.103800  —  3.3816  fluidouneee. 

Litre           —         61.038000  —  3.1135  pints. 

Decalitre    —       610.380000  —  3.6419  gallons. 
Hectolitre  —      6103.800000 
Kilolitre     —    61038.000000 
Myrialilre  —  610880.000000 

Approximate  comparison  between  the  ancient 
French  Measures  of  Capacity,  and  the  tew, 
ana  conversely. 

Grammes.  Litres.  Decilitre*.  Centilitre*. 
IpeUeen       —   135     or     0              1  8 

ldemi  setter—  850     or     0  8  5 

1  chepiue      —   500     or     0  5  0 

1  rials         —1000     or     1  0  0 


WEIGHTS 

Qt*mmt».  the.  ox.  dr.  gr. 
1  centilitre  —     10  or  0    0    24 


918 


WEIGHTS 


1  decilitre  —    100  or  0 
1  litre        —  1000  or  9 


00  [pint*. 

36  — 2.113  Eng.  wine 


Meaeuree  of  Length, 

I  tin*,  the  12th  part  of  an  inch. 

J  ba  rUy  corns •  •  • 

A  palm  or  Aamfs  breadth  (Scripture  mea- 
sure    .- - 

A  hand  (hone  measure) 

A  *pan  (Scripture  measure) 

j±  foot ••• 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  common 
purposes) 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses)  

\FUmisheU 

A  yard 

An  English  all 

A  fathom  or  tojoe 


1.000 

3.048 
4.000 
10.944 
12.000 

18.000 

•21.888 
*  27.000 

3  ft.  00 

3  "  09 

6  "  00 


New  French  Meaeuree  of  Length, 


English  huh*. 

MUimUre  0.039 

Centimetre  0.393 

Decimetre  3.937 

MUr%  39.371        - 


ft 

1 


* 


inch. 
337 


YALUXB  OP  THS  ORBCTAH,  ROMAS,  AJ»  ABAMJl 
WEIGHTS  AXD  XKASUBEfl  QT  PODS  M  KABC 

1.  Weight*  oftha  Ancient  Grnahs. 

Os.    em.  er.  fr 

The  talent  (raharrov) 44     *     5    * 

The  mina  (ni*a) M     J    # 

The  drachm  (6p axfn) l    1] 

The  ebolu*  (a&o\o<) » 

The  eereHon(aspaneo) * 

The  chaUue  (x***e*c) '- 

The  eepten  (swnw)  -  -  i 

2.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Reman*. 

mu    dr.  p 

The  pound  (libra) li    J    * 

The  ounce  {undo) *     ." 

ThedneUa *    ? 

The  eicilicue 1    * 

Thes«rt«/a 1    » 

The  consular  denier,  denmrime 1 

The  imperial  denier  or  drachm^  dimtkma 6 

The  vietoriahu - 

The  ecriptulum  01  scruple ~ 

The  obelus ** 

The  siliqua * 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obolos  into  eW- 
and  lepta :  Borne  dirided  it  into  6  ehmlei.  n- 
each  ehaleue  into  7  lepta ;  others  iat*  8  eaw. 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  iwimrfu 


Dr.  Milligan,  in  his  edition  of  Celsns,  gires  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the  Troy 
measures  of  capacity  and  of  weight  in  use  amongst  the  Romans. 
Urn*.       Libra.      Untie*       Denarius.  Serupulu*.     8extane.        Cmoiicms. 


Amphora 2   —    80       —    900       — 

Urna 1-40       —    480       - 

Conirius *   —    10       —120       — 

Sextarius '•    12-3—     20       — 

Libra :    1       —      12       — 

Hemina 8  4-7  — 

Acetabulum 21-7  — 

Sesqui-cyalhus 21*7  — 

C'yaihus 13-7  — 

Sescuncia It     ~ 

Uncia 1       •" 

Cochleare 

Drachma 1    ■" 

Denarius 1    — 

Scrupulus ' 

Scrupulus  dimidiatus 

Obolus 

Sextans 

Chalcus 


6720    —    20160    - 
3360    —    10080    —    26160    — 
840    —      2540    —      5040    —      50400    — 


140  — 
84  — 
60  — 
15  — 
15  — 
10  — 
J0t- 
7  — 
«*- 


420    — 

252    — 

180    — 

45    — 

45    — 

30    — 

31*- 

21    — 

74- 

3    — 

3    — 

..     1    — 

..      ,- 


840  — 
504  — 
360    — 


8400    — 


—  900    — 


90  — 

60  — 

63  — 

42  — 

15  — 

6  — 

6  — 

2  — 

1  — 

.     1  — 

.     1  — 


42*H» 
2T*?m 

Si--* 


150    — 
60    — 


10  — 

lO  — 

10  — 

1  — 


He  gives  also  the  following  '  Carmen  Mnemoni- 
cum/  which  exhibits  the  analogies  of  the  Roman 
and  British  imperial  weights. 

So  tfte  congfus  anil  gallon,  each  ten  junintos 

alloto, 
#n  t$e  husftel  an*  ampftora  efjflrt*  bestoto; 
ttome's  jiounb,  as  fn  0to$  toel&Jt,  ttoeibe 

ounce*  obtains, 
But  \*x  ounce  Is  SfoofrtJujibls,  strictly,  In 

Strains: 
Benarft  torams,  scruples  scrupll  fcttne, 
Septarlus  anstoers  to  our  bottle  ot  tolne, 
8no   rfce  Anna's  a  short  pint —  fourteen 

ounces  In  tine. 

3.  Weights  said  to  be  of  the  Arabian*,  Modem 
Greek*,  and  Latin*  of  the  barbarou*  period*  of 
the  Middle  Age*. 

0*.  dr.gr. 

The  alchemion 14    3    40 

ThefMXMornunw 10    6    28 

Jacros,  augbheu,  adar,  assatil 7    16 

Thejreef  or  royal  nut 

The  sextarius,  stater 

The  lesser  nut 

dtlievanu* 

Aureus,  JSleebolu* 

The  haxel  nuL  beudaeate,  holt*,  alehi,  dar- 
cat  sit,  ntegoehilee.  oleginat,  nmbach 

The  meorn,  lupine,  Egyptian  or  Syrian  bean. 


6T 
4X 
134 

fi*-' 
*  :* 


The  1 


The  Alexandrian  bean  or  tromreeio. 
The  Greek  bean  or  gramma.  Use 

onum,  harmi,  g raeehne 1 

ring,  cumulus,  oeminnt,  tmedmricA.  awe* 

laaoat -' 

The  danieh - 

The  hint,  aikilat,  kararU 4 

1.  Greek  Mcaovre*. 

km*.0L*r 

The  »etr*«t  (nafnrns) 04  4   1* 

The  cane,  ehon,  eougius  (geef) 7  9** 

The  reste*  (£teriK) 1  1   *« 

The  cety la  (KOTv\r,) 8  T  ? 

The  tetrertan  (rtrnamr) 4   3  r' 

The  ezyhejphon  (o$v(laA+r) fti« 

The  tyathos  (KvaOot) 1   +* 

The  concha  (Koyxn) ** 

The  mystron  (pverooo) S* 

The  cham*  minor  (x»f*l) I* 

The  cochliarion  (cs^Xiaptov) 1  * 


3 

3  44 

2  50 

9  29 

S  14 

1  11 


2.  Bomcm  Meajemrm  of  Cbpmcitf. 


The  amphora  or  endue 

The  urna 

The  eemgiu* 

The  sextarius 

The  hemina 

The  fvsrterfos 

The  acetabulum 

The  cyathus  or  email  glrnm  , 
The  lignla  or  spoonful 


JOs.  r- 

■  sty  2 

.  89    1 

.    7   9 
1    4 

n 

s 
2 
1 


err 
7  * 

3  « 

:  " 

i  * 
f  * 

4  r 
i  » 

3  B 


WJULBAGH 


tit 


WIESSAU 


8.  Jfeosvrss  said  to  be  of  the  Arabian,  Arabist, 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Middle  Age*. 

lbs.  ox.  dr.  gr. 

The  missohaos  weighed 3    8    1    33 

Jtbsn.  kirt,sjub,sberia,  or  Reman  mina..  1    6    0    00 

The  phial,  haffilius.  or  hassitinus 10    1    18 

The  ealix  or  rejelati 5    0    44 

The  handful,  pugillum,  temusum 3    3    68 

The  kassuf,  aesasse,  or  anesime 9    4    SO 

The  cones  or  eoatus,  alcantus  or  almunssi, 

briale  euabms 1 

The  lesser  baehates 

The  largest  spoonful 

A  spoonful 

The  eelanes  or  rselanarium 


A  small  spoonful  or  Jlagerina,  or  eyanes. 
The  smallest  spoonful  or  fahaliel 


A  good  section  on  weights  and  measures  is 
contained  in  the  edition  of  "  The  Seven  Books 
of  Paulus  ^Egineta,"  by  Mr.  Francis  Adams, 
published  by  the  Sydenham  Soeiety  of  London, 
vol.  in,  p.  609,  London,  1847. 

Besides  the  weights  and  measures  above  men- 
tioned, employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are  modes 
of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances  by  ap- 
proximation.   For  example :  — 
i  A  glassful  or  cupful,  ((F.)  Verre,)  is  reckoned  to 

contain  4  or  5  fluidounces. 
A  wine-glassful,  1}  ounce  or  two  ounces. 
I  A  table-spoonful,  ((F.)  Cuiller  d  bouehe,)  about 

half  an  ounce, 
f  A  coffee  or  dessert-spoonful,  about  3  drachms. 

I  A  tea-spoonful,  a  fluidxaohm. 

A  handful,  manipulus,  f(F.)  Poignie,)  as  much 

as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
The  Pugillus  ( (F.)  Pincie)  is  as  much  as  can  be 
held  by  the  three  fingers. 
These  last  quantities  are  occasionally  prescribed 
by  the  French  practitioners.  Their  weights  must, 
of  course,  vary,  according  to  the  article.  The 
authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have  valued  them, 
as  regards  certain  substances. 

French. 
ot.    dr. 

A  Manipulus  of  barley  weighs 3     31 

•'  linseed 1      4 

"  linseedmeaJ 3     3 

"  dried  mallow  leaves 1      3 

"  dried  cichory  leaves 1      0 

M  flowers  of  toe  Ulia 1     84 

dr.  ear.  gr. 
A  Pugillus  of  chamomile  flowers  weighs  9 

arnica 1  3 

"  marsh-mallow  ]  1 

*•  mallow 60 

1  "  fennel  seeds 1      GO 

,  "  aniseed 1  i     60 

A  hen's  egg,  newly  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 

and  2  drachms:  when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 

ounces.    The  white  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 

I         and  57  grains :  the  yolk,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WEILBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  village  of  Weilbaoh  is  in  the  plain  between 
the  Maine  and  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
Taunus  hills.  It  has  in  its  neighbourhood  a  cold 
sulphureous  alkaline  spring,  the  water  of  which  is 
bottled  and  exported,  although  not  of  great  effi- 
cacy. Its  use  is  at  times  combined  with  that  of 
the  saline  springs  in  Nassau,  and  of  Baden -Ba- 
de^ in  various  chronic  abdominal  and  thoracic 
affections. 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola, 

WELK,  Whelk.  An  inequality;  a  protube- 
rance; a  cutaneous  eruption  of  this  character 
Acne. 

WEMDING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from 
Donawert  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sulphuretted 
hydrogen;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
soda;  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia;  a  little 


chloride  of  calcium,  and  oxide  of  iron ;  and  are 
much  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  »en,  Lu'pia,  Tumour,  (F.)  Loup. 
A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indolent  tumours, 
without  inflammation  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin.  They  may  be  met  with  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  body.  Their  magnitude,  as  well  as 
nature,  is  very  variable.  The  term  1b  sometimes 
given  to  an  encysted  tumour,  and  to  bronchocelo. 
WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Aiores. 
WEST  INDIES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  oli- 
mate  of  the  West  Indies  has  long  been  regarded 
as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In  confirmed 
consumption,  it  appears,  however,  to  be  positively 
injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for  those  predis- 
posed to  consumption,  it  is  generally  favourable. 
The  nature  of  the  patient's  constitution,  in  re- 
gard to  the  effects  of  elevated  temperature,  has 
always  to  be  taken  into  account.  In  diseases 
that  are  benefited  by  warm  climates,  the  West  | 
Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence.  The  isl- 
ands in  which  the  invalid  can  best  obtain  all  the 
advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Jamaica,  Barbadoes, 
St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  St  Kitts,  and  Santa  Cms. 

WHAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 

WHEAL,  Weal,  Wale.  A  ridge,  or  elevation 
of  the  skin,  produced  by  a  rod  or  whip ;  or  as  if 
produced  in  that  manner.  Such  elevations  are 
seen  in  urticaria. 

WHEAT,  Tritioum — w.  Indian,  Zea  mays — w. 
Turkey,  Zea  mays. 

WHELK,  Acne,  Welk  — w.  Chin,  Sycosis— w. 
Rosy,  Qutta  rosea. 

WHEY,  Serum  lactis— w.  Mustard,  see  Sinapis 
— w.  Rennet,  see  Serum  lactis — w.  Tamarind,  see 
Tamarindus — w.  Vinegar,  see  Acetum — w.  Wine, 
Wine  whey. 

WHIFFING  MURMUR,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

WniSEY,  see  Spirit  A  spirituous  liquor  ob- 
taiaed  from  oats,  potatoes,  Ac,  by  distillation. 

Whisky  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHIS'PERING;  evidently  an  onomatopoeia 
(hooisp'ering),  Susurra'tio,  Susurra'tion.  Articu- 
lation of  the  air  sent  through  the  vocal  tube 
without  any  action  of  the  glottis. 

WHISTLING,  Sifflement,  see  Rdle  sibilant, 

WHITE,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

Whit*  Ball,  Cephalanthus  occidentals — w. 
Leaf,  Pyrola  maculata,  Spiraea  tomentosa — w. 
Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Matter  of  the  brain, 
see  Cerebrum  —  w.  Root,  Angelica  lucida,  Ascle* 
pias  tuberosa. 

White,  Spanish,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 

White  Swelling,  Hydrarthrus  —  w.  Swelling 
of  lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens  — w.  Sub* 
stance  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve  fibre— w.  Sulphur, 
see  Virginia,  mineral  waters  of — w.  Weed,  Chry- 
santhemum leucanthemum  — w.  Wood,  Liriodeo- 
dron,  Tilia. 

WHITENESS  OF  COMPLEXION,  Paleness. 

WHITES,  THE,  Leucorrhoea, 

WHITLEYA  STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodus 
luridus. 

WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 

WHOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis. 

WHORLYWORT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

WHORTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtilfoj, 
Vaccinium  vitis  idssa — w.  Bears',  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

WHORTS,  BLACK,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

WIDOW- WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daphne 
Alpina. 

WIESBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
see  Wisbaden. 

WIESSAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  the 
eonvent  of  Waldsassen  in  Bavaria.  They  contain 


WILD 


ttt 


WIKS 


emrbouie  acid;  carbonates  of  Ume  and  magnesia; 
chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  aluminum; 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  much  oxide  of  iron.  The 
Bavarians  consider  them  to  resemble  the  waters 
of  Pyrmont. 

WILD,  Sax.  »U6,  (D.)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  when  not  in  harmony 
with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  indica- 
ting strong  mental  emotion;  —  a  wild  look,  (F.) 
Phytiognomie  tgarie. 

WILDBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Wild- 
bad  is  a  small  town  of  Wurtemberg,  three  Ger- 
man  miles  from  Baden-Baden.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place.  The  water  is  ther- 
mal, from  95°  to  100°  of  Fahr.,  and  is  muoh  em- 
ployed in  cases  in  which  thermal  waters  are  indi- 
cated. It  is  used  internally,  a  pint  not  con- 
taining more  than  a  grain  of  solid  ingredients, 
whieh  consist  of  salts  of  soda  and  lime.  The 
proportion  of  carbonic  acid  gas  is  very  small. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel  in 
Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several  mi- 
neral springs ;  the  chief  of  which,  according  to 
6tuoke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chloride 
of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda ;  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  Ac  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as 
refrigerants. 

WILL,  Voluntas. 

WILLOW,  Salix. 

Willow  Herb,  common,  Lythrum  salicaria — 
w.  Herb,  great,  Epilobium  augustifolium  —  w. 
Horb,  purple,  Lythrum  salicaria — w.  Herb,  pur- 
ple veined,  Epilobium  coloratum. 

Willow,  Low-bush,  Salix  humilis — w.  Speck- 
led, Salix  humilis — w.  Red,  Cornus  sericea — w. 
Rose,  Cornus  sericea — w.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  *ino,  Ventu;  An'emo*,  (F.)  Vent. 
Winds  exert  considerable  influence  on  the  animal 
economy;  acting  by  their  temperature,  which 
necessarily  modifies  that  of  the  circumambient 
air,  as  well  as  by  their  moisture  or  dryness,  and 
by  the  emanations  of  different  kinds,  which  they 
transport  to  greater  or  less  distances.  The  winds 
•which  blow  over  a  considerable  extent  of  country, 
are  dry  and  serene :  those  which  come  from  the 
ocean  are  moist  and  chilly. 

Wind  Dropsy,  Emphysema,  Tympanites  —  w. 
'Flower,  Anemone — w.  Pipe,  Trachea — w.  Root, 
Asclepias  tuberosa. 

WINDINESS,  Flatulence. 

AVINDY,  Flatulen'tui,  Flatulent,  Va'pourotu, 
(F.)  Venienx.  That  which  causes  wind  or  flatu- 
lence ;  also,  that  which  is  caused  by  wind  or  flatu- 
lence; as  windy  food,  windy  colic,  Ac  Also, 
one  affected  with  flatulence,  or  who  is  '  troubled 
with  the  wind.' 

WINE,  Sax.  tin,  (G.)  Wein,  originally,  per- 
haps, from  «**»;,  (Eno9,  Ft'ntun,  (F.)  Vin.  A  name 
given  by  chy mists  to  all  liquors  that  have  become 
spirituous  by  fermentation.  The  term  is  gene- 
rally, however,  restricted  to  the  fermented  juice 
of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the  product  of  whose 
fermentation  resembles,  in  almost  all  respects, 
that  of  the  juice  of  the  grape.  Wine  is  composed 
of  alcohol;  saccharine  matter;  malic  acid;  tar- 
taric acid ;  bitartrate  of  potass ;  acetic  acid :  an 
•extractive  colouring  matter,  more  or  less  bitter, 
and  partly  resinous ;  and  sometimes  of  an  aro- 
matic substance.  The  extractive  colouring  mat- 
ter is  chiefly  met  with  in  red  wines.  All  these 
constituents,  except  the  alcohol,  are  found  ready 
formed  in  the  grap*  The  alcohol  proceeds  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  saccharine  matter.  A 
part  of  the  acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fer- 
mentation. 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Brande, 
exhibits  the  quantity  of  spirit  in  different  kinds 


of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper,  however,  tf 
remark,  that  many  of  these  wines  are  pnfsrti 
for  the  London  market,  and  are  more  brandwi  a* 
"  reinforced,"  than  the  same  varieties  sold  in  'it 
United  States.  This  is  strikingly  the  caie  ra 
port.  Dr.  Henderson,  too,  has  remarked,  tias 
some  of  the  wines  analysed  by  Mr.  Brande  «rr 
mixed  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  abac- 
tions alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's  addition*  fas' 
corrections  have  the  letter  H.  affixed. 

PaoroaTtOH  or  Alcohol,  a.  e.  0.83S.  m  ore  mou 

PARTS  BT   M KAKraK   OF  THt  FOUjOWXIIO  WlSO.  i» 

Malt  ams  SnaiTOoos  Liqoohs. 


Lissa Sf 

Do, 3*3 

Average.  ■•  £<• 

Raisin  Wine '..  ** 

Do. 


Do 

Marsala  . 
Do 


Average, 


Port  —  average  of  aftx  kinds. 

Do.  —  highest 

Do.  —  lowest 

Madeira 

Do. 


Average.  i> 


Do.  (Sercial)  . 
Do 


3* 

a-: 

a* 

.31 


,  Currant  Wine  . 

.  Sherry 

Do 


Average.:": 


Do.. 
Do.. 


Teneriffe 

Colares 

Lacryma  Cristi 

Constantia — white . 


Lisbon 

Malaga , 

Bucellas 

Red  Madeira. 
Do 


Average. 


r>s 

iii" 

ill 

KS 

»-" 

Is*  T» 


"5 


Cape  Muscat 

Cape  Madeira.... 


Average 


r-a 

s.- 


Do., 
Do.. 


Grape  Wine 

Calcavella 

Do 

Vidonia 

Alba  Flora 

Malaga 

White  Hermitage . 

Rouaeillon 

Do 


Average. 


I*  ' 

i*;. 


.  Claret . 

Do 

Do 

Do 


Average.  1* 


Malmsey  Madeira  . 

Lunel 

Scheraaa 

Syracuse 

Sauterne 

Burgundy 


Average.  it 


Do.... 
Do.... 
Do... 

32.  Hock. 


Averasr 


i- 

14.* 


Do. 

Do.(old  in  cask) IYY.YYY" 

RudesheimerC181D *****£  K*- 

Do.         (1800) ;.  r.  \ii 

Average.  V  •  .* 

Jolmnnisberger a  * 

Nice .  i<b 

Barbae J.      i$* 


(«)  15.90  H.   (•)!&€•  H.   (c)14J0H.   (etlxJlB 


WINB 


m 


WOODS 


35.  Tint * 

36.  Champagne  (still) 

Do.        (iparkling). 

Do.         (red) 

Do 


13.90 

13.80 

12.80 

18.56 

11.30 

Average,  13.61 

37.  Red  Hermitage 13.38 

38.  Vinde  Grave 13.94 

Do 18.80 

Average,  13.37 
30.  Frontignae 18.79 

40.  CftteRotie -.  18.33 

41.  Gooseberry  Wine 11.84 

48.  Orange  Wine—average  of  mix  samples  made 

by  a  London  manufacturer 11.86 

43.  Tokay * 9.88 

44.  Elder  Wine 9.87 

45.  Rhenish  Wine H.    8.71 

46.  Cider  —  highest  average 9.87 

Do.         lowest 5.81 

47.  Perry  —  average  of  four  samples 7.86 

48.  Mead >. 7.38 

49.  Ale(Rurton) 888 

Do.  (Edinburgh)  -.    6.80 

Do.  (Dorchester) 5.56 

Average,    6.87 

,  Brown  Siout 6.80 

London  Porter— average 4.80 

Do.     Small  Beer  —  average 1.38 

53.  Brandy ~. 53.39 

53.  Rum  53.68 

54.  Gin 51.60 

55.  Scotch  Whisky 54.38 

56.  Irish  do 53.90 


50. 
51. 


The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  phi 
copoaias  is  Sherry,  Vinum,  Vinum  album  Hie- 
pan'ieum,  Leucarnue.  It  is  a  dry  wine;  the 
least  variable  in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best 
with  the  dyspeptic  Other  wines  used  offioinally 
are — Canary  or  Sack  trine,  Vinum  Canari'num; 
Mountain  wine,  Vinum  album  monta'num ;  Tent 
wine;  Bhenieh  trine,  Vinum  Jihena'num;  and 
Port  wine,  Vinum  rubrum  Portugal* Victim. 

The  wines  habitually  drank  are  almost  innu- 
merable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are  de- 
cidedly the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it  is 
tonic  and  nutritive ;  when  new,  flatulent  and  ca- 
thartic, disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in  the  last 
stage  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not  too  hot  and 
dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires  great  caution ; 
and  when  once  commenoed  under  proper  circum- 
stances, it  cannot  be  suddenly  dropped  without 
mischief.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  permanent 
stimulus  in  the  catalogue  of  the  materia  me- 
dics. 

Mulled  Wine  is  made  as  follows :  —  Take  of 
bruised  cinnamon  3±J  half  a  nutmeg  grated ;  and 
ten  bruised  clovee.  Infuse  in  boiling  water  Oss 
for  an  hour;  strain  and  add  eugar  £j.  Pour  the 
whole  into  a  pint  of  hot  Port  or  Sherry.  Useful 
in  adynamio  conditions. 

Wine,  Aminaait,  Amineum  vinum  —  w.  of 
Aloes,  Vinum  aloes — w.  Antimonial,  Vinum  anti- 
roonii  tartarisati — w.  Antiscorbutic,  Vinum  anti- 
scorbuticum  —  w.  Aromatic,  Vinum  aromaticnm 
. — w.  Bark,  compound,  Vinum  de  kina  kina  com- 
positum — w.  Barley,  Cerevisia — w.  Bitter,  diure- 
tic, Vinum  diuretioum  amarum. 

Wiwb  Bittbrs,  Vinum  gentia'nm  oompoeitum. 
The  formulas  for  these  may  be  various.  The  fol- 
lowing is  as  good  and  as  agreeable  as  any.  (Bad. 
gentian,  lbj,  eort.  aj*rant.£x,  asm.  eardam.  eont 
aiv,  einnam.  eort.  giv,  trine,  foreign  or  domestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)  Tenio.and  stoma- 
chic. 

Wimc,  Cedar,  Cedrinum  vinum— w.  Cham- 
pagne, Vinum  campanum — w.  Chian,  Chium  vi- 
num— w.  of  Colchicum,  Vinum  colonic!  —  w.  of 
Colchicum  seed,  Vinum  eolchici  seminis — w.  of 
Ergot,  Vinum  ergotse — w.  of  Gentian,  compound, 


Vinum  gentians*  oompoaitum— w.  of  Hellebore, 
white,  Vinum  veratri — w.  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum 
ipecacuanhas — w.  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferri — w.  Medi- 
cated, Vinum  medicinale — w.  Mulled,  see  Wine 
—  w.  of  Opium,  Vinum  opii — w.  Port,  Vinum 
Portugallicum — w.  Pullet,  Poulet,  vin  de — w.  of 
Quinia,  Vinum  quinise — w.  Rhubarb,  Vinum  rhei 
palmati  —  w.  Sherry,  Vinum  —  w.  Steel,  Vinum 
ferri  —  w.  Tobacco,  Vinum  tabaci. 

Wnns  Whist,  White  Wine  Whey.  Take  of  good 
milk  two-thirds  of  a  pint,  and  add  water  to  make 
a  pint  Take  of  eherry,  or  any  other  good  white 
wine,  two  glasses,  and  of  eugar  a  dessert-spoonful. 
Place  the  milk  and  water  in  a  deep  pan  on  the 
fire;  and  the  moment  it  boils,  pour  into  it  the 
wine  and  sugar.  Stir  assiduously  for  12  or  15 
minutes,  whilst  it  boils.  Lastly,  strain  through 
a  sieve. 

It  is  a  good  mode  of  giving  wine  in  adynamic 
states. 

Winb,  Whitb,  see  Wine — w.  of  Wormwood, 
Vinum  absinth ites. 
WING-SEED,  Ptelea  trifoliate, 
WINKING,  Scardamygmue. 
WINTER-BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatica 
— w.  Berry,  Virginia,  Prinos — w.  Berry,  smooth, 
Prinos  laevigatas  —  w.  Berry,  whorled,  Prinos. 

Wihter  Bloom,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic — w.  Green,  Gaulthe- 
ria  —  w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola — w.  Green, 
spotted,  Pyrola  maculata. 
WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 
Win'tjsra  AroyAt'ioA,  Drimy*  Winteri,  Win- 
tera'na  aromat'iea,  Winter-bark  Tree.  The  bark, 
Wintera  (Ph.  U.  8.),  Cortex  Wintera'nue,  Cortex 
Winteranue  Magellan' icue,  Cortex  Magellan' icue f 
Cinnamo'mum  Magellan' ieum,  (F.)  JScorce  de  Win- 
ter, Cannelle  poivrie,  is  very  much  allied  in  its 
properties  to  Canella  alba. 

WINTERANA  AROMATICA,  Wintera  arc 
matica. 

WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  6  miles 
north  of  Mains,  and  22  west  of  Frankfort    It  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  its  hot  springs ;  and  is 
much  frequented.    There  are  numerous  cold  and 
thermal  springs, — the  former  containing  sulpho- 
hydrio  acid;  the  latter  being  saline  and  acidulous. 
The  temperature  of  the  hot  springs  varies  from 
117°  to  160°  Fahr. 
WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth. 
WOAD,  Lsatis  tine  tori  a. 
WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride. 
WOLFSBANE,  Aeonitum— w.  Wholesome, 
Aconitnm  anthora. 
WOLFSCLAW,  Lycopodlum. 
WOLFSJAW,  see  Harelip. 
WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas. 
WOMB,  Uterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri. 
Womb  Grain,  Ergot 

Womb,  Laceration  of  tbe,  Uterus,  rupture  of 
the — w.  Tympany  of  the,  Physometra. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  Csasalpinia  echinata— w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Fernambuco,  Csa. 
salpinia  echinata. 

Wood-licb,  Oniscl  aselli — w.  Nicaragua,  see 
Csesalpinia — w.  Peach,  see  Csesalpinia—  w.  Per- 
nambuoo,  Csesalpinia  echinata — w.  Sampfen,  Css- 
salpinia  sappan — w.  Sappan,  Osstalpinia  sappan 
— w.  Sorrel,  Oralis  acetosella  —  w.  Sour,  Andro- 
meda arborea — w.  Waxen,  Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  perielyma, 
num. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Aspenfe 
odorata. 

WOODS,  SUDORIF'IC,  (B.)  Bote  •udorifltgwm. 
This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  the  gvds> 


WOORARA 


•21 


WOTJHD 


sun,  sassafras,  china,  and  sarsaparilla;  which 
are  often  used  together  to  form  the  sudorifio  de- 
coction. 

WOORARA,  Curare. 

WORM,  tee  Alembic,  Vermiform  prooeii  —  w. 
Bark  tree,  Geoffroa  inermia  —  w.  Cakes,  Story's, 
see  Cakes,  worm,  Story's  —  w.  Disease,  Helmin- 
thiasis —  w.  Goosefoot,  Chenopodiam  anthelmin- 
ticam — w.  Grass,  perennial,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Worm,  Guiwia,  Dracunculus. 

Worm  Loz'jcxqes,  Chiico'b.  Empirical  pre- 
parations, which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown 
lozenges.  The  former  are  directed  to  be  taken 
in  the  evening;  the  latter  on  the  following  morn- 
ing.  The  Yellow  LoungtM.  (Saffron,  gss,  water', 
Oj;  boil,  and  strain;  and  add  of  white  panacea  of 
mercury,  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of  wine,)  B>j, 
white  *ugar,  28  fi>8,  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth 
q.  s.,  to  make  a  mass.  Divide,  so  that  each 
lozenge  may  contain  a  grain  of  the  panacea.) 
The  Brown  Lozenge:  (Panacea  Jvjj,  retin  of 
jalap  flbiyss,  white  sugar  Ibix,  mucilage  of  gum 
tragac  q.  s.  Each  lozenge  to  contain  gr.  as  of 
the  panacea.) 

Worm  Lozkhqes,  Sherman's,  are  said  to  be 
composed  of  calomel,  gamboge,  and  eugar, 

Peter*'*  Worm  Lozenge*  are  said  to  be  com- 
posed in  a  similar  manner. 

Worm  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica — w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonica,  Chenopodiam  anthelminti- 
oum  —  w.  Seed,  goosefoot,  Chenopodiam  anthel- 
minticum  —  w.  Weed,  Oorsican,  Coraliina  Corsi- 
cana,  Polanisia  grayeolens — w.  Weed,  white,  Co- 
rallina—  w.  Wood,  biennial,  Artemisia  biennis — 
w.  Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium  —  w. 
Wood,  creeping,  Artemisia  rnpestris  —  w.  Wood, 
lesser,  Artemisia  Pontica — w.  Wood,  Roman, 
Artemisia  Pontica — w.  Wood,  Sea,  Artemisia  ma- 
ritima  —  w.  Wood,  silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA  sen  OSSIC'ULA,  0. 
epacta'lia,  0.  raphogeminan'tia,  0.  triq'uetra,  0. 
triangula'ria  Bla'eii,  Clave*  calva'ria,  0.  *utu- 
ra'rum,  (F.)  0*  Wormiens,  Clef*  du  cr&ne,  0* 
fpactaux,  0*  turnumiraire*,  (Ch.),  0*  intercali*, 
0*  triangulares.  Small  bones,  which  are  some- 
times observable  in  the  sutures  of  the  bones  of 
the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a  part.  They 
were  called  Wormiana,  from  Olaus  Wormius,  who 
is  said  to  have  first  described  them.  They  had 
been  previously,  however,  mentioned  by  G.  An- 
dernach,  a  physician  at  Strasburg.  The  Ossa 
Wormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  the  sutures 
of  the  vault  of  the  skull ;  especially  in  the  lamb- 
doidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous.  They  are  un- 
common at  the  base  of  the  skull.  Their  size  is 
very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their  struc- 
ture and  development  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
other  bones  of  the  cranium;  and,  like  them,  they 
are  bounded  by  sutures. 

WORMS,  originally  from  (L.)  Vermet;  Intes- 
tinal Worm*,  Entowo'a,  Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'a, 
Endoto'a,  Vermes  intetti'ni,  Enielminth'a,  En- 
thelmin'the*,  Helmin'thi,  Helminth'ia  Alvi,  H. 
pod'ici*,  Splancknelmin'tha,  Entoparatite*,  (F.) 
Ver*,  Ver*  inteetinaux,  Entoxoaire*.  Animals 
whose  common  oharacter  is  that  of  existing  only 
in  other  animals;  hence  their  name  entonva,  from 
twos,  'within/  and  foor,  'animal.'  They  are  met 
with,  not  only  in  the  natural  cavities,  but  even 
in  the  tissue  of  the  organs.  Cuvier,  Rudolphi, 
Brera,  Bremser,  Lae'nneo,  and  others,  have  en- 
deavoured to  classify  them,  —  some  according  to 
their  shape;  others,  according  to  their  anatomical 
.characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  entozoa,  whieh 
have  been  met  with  in  the  human  body,  and  their 
asuu  habitat:— 


Wkmtjmti 


Trichoceph'alns  dispar, 
Oxyu'ri8  vermioula'ris, 
As'caris  lumbricol'des, 
Bothrioceph'alos  latus, 
Tss'nia  so'lium, 
Ditraohyo'eras  rudis, 
Diploso'ma  crena'ta, 
Spirop'tera  hom'inis, 
Dactyl'ius  aculea'tus, 
Dis'toma  hepat'icum, 
Stron'gylus  gigas, 
Fila'ria  oc'uli, 
Acepbalooyst'i*  endog"ei 

Eohinoeoe/eus  hom'inis, 

Polys'toma  pinguie'ola, 
Polys'toma  vena'rum  seu  san- 

guio'ola,  Hexatfayrid'inxn 

vena'rum, 
Fila'ria  bronchialis, 
Trichi'na  spiralis, 
Cysticer'cus  cellulo'sss, 
Acephaloeyst'is  multif  Ida, 
Fila'ria  medinen'sis, 


Urinary  blsdfc 

Gallbladder. 
Kidney. 
Eye. 
Liver. 

}  Liver,  SpleaLttJ 
Omeoton. 
Ovary. 

Veins. 

Bronchial  giua 
Muscles. 

Brain. 

Cellular  texts*. 


The  most  common  of  these  are :— the  Otjt* 
vermiculares,  Ascarides  lumbrieoldes,  sad  Trn. 
which  are  found  in  the  intestines.  The  orr: 
these  worms  is  extremely  singular,  and  z  * 
favourable  than  any  other  fact  to  the  hyj-  :•  *-' 
of  spontaneous  generation  in  the  lowest  nib*  ' 
animated  nature.  They  are  certainly  dm  &:• 
tidal  with  any  worms  out  of  the  body.  Ifcjis 
most  commonly  met  with  in  children  imrr  " 
fed ;  but  their  presence  cannot  be  posits'/  - 
tected  by  any  symptom,  except  that  of  &  > 
charge  of  the  worms  themselves  is  the  **«*■ 
tions.  They  may,  of  course,  give  rise  o  #* 
kind  of  irritation  in  the  intestinal  tskft  as:  «* 
sympathetic  disturbance  in  most  of  the  fat  "-^ 
but  all  these  signs  may  be  produced  bvisusa 
irritation  resulting  from  other  causes. 

Anthelmintic*  or  vermifuge*,  employed,  H  c* 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be .?*■ 
kinds — mechanical  and  true.  To  the  fir*  «hf- 
the  mechanical— belong  Emetic*,  Pwrgetit*-  f- 
cuna,  powdered  Tin,  Ac  To  the  latter-th*  -* 
anthelmintic;  —  Turpentine,  Ckenopoii***** 
minticum,  Pink-root,  Semina  Somtouuute  "• 
these,  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleic  ?~ 
binthinsB.  The  great  object,  however,  »  to  y* 
vont  their  generation.  This  must  be  dot* .? 
generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics,  where  u- 
cessary. 

WORT,  Sax.  pynr,  Mmetum,  Hf*fn*  h» 
seu  Bra'sii  sen  Mdlti,  (F.)  Mote  de  la  B*n.  i» 
infusion  of  malt  This  has  been  iteo«s»» 
in  scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  b  *&* 
to  three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water.  V* 
mixture  must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to  rt»^ 
covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one  u  f » 
pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recomnwdc*; 
other  eases,  where  a  strong  putrescent  dispw* : 
appeared  to  prevail  in  the  fluids,  as  in  caec??  - 
and  phagedenic  ulcers.    It  is  not  now  eapl  ?  - 

WOUND,  Sax.  lunS,  Vulnue,  Fshes,  ld»==' 
tive  Vnlnut'culum^Plaga,  Trauma,  Tromo,  I** 
Treei*  Vulnu*,  Blab*,  Tymma,  (F.)  PI**  '  * 
sure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft  *** 
produced  by  some  mechanical  agent  V*s" 
present  innumerable  differences,  as  regards  '>* 
situation;  the  parts  interested;  their  direct  * 
size;  shape;  the  nature  of  the  inftroawd  • 
agent  by  which  they  are  produced ;  their  ■* 
or  less  simple  or  complex  oharacter,  dnnfl^-*1 
A  wound  is  called  incited,  (F.)  Ompurt,  I*** 
when  made  by  a,  cutting  i  """ 


WOURALI 


92S 


XIPHOID 


Nygma,  (F.)  Piqure,  when  made  by  a  pointed 
instrument;  —  lacerated,  (F.)  Dechirure,  Plate 
par  arraekement,  when  the  parts  are  lacerated 
or  torn  by  the  wounded  body;  poisoned,  Cellu- 
litis venenata,  Necu'sia,  (F.)  Plate  envenimie, 
when  some  virulent  or  venomous  substance  has 
been  introduced; — and  contused,  (F.)  Plate  con- 
tuse, when  produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot 
wounds,  Sclopetopla'gm,  Vul'nera  sclopetafria,  (F.) 
Plates  cTarmes  d  feu  ou  d'arquebusade,  Coup  de 
feu,  belong  to  the  last  division. 

WOURALI,  Curare. 

WOURARI,  Curare. 

WOURARU,  Curare. 

WRACK,  SEA,  Fucus  yesioulosus. 

Wrack,  Bladder,  Yellow,  Fucus  vesiculosa. 

WRAPPING  UP,  (OF  THE  HYDROPA- 
THI6TS,)  Emaitlottage. 


WRENCH,  Sprain. 

WRIGHTIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Ne- 
rium  antidysenterioum. 

WRINKLE,  Sax.  ppmcle,  Ruga,  Rytis,  Rha- 
cus,  Rhachus,  Rhagus,  Rhysse'ma,  Corruga'tio  cu- 
tis, (F.)  Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the  skin  of 
the  face,  forehead,  vagina,  Ac.  See  Corruga- 
tion. 

WRINKLED,  Rugo'sus,  Rugous,  Rugose,  (F.) 
RidS.    Full  of  wrinkles. 

WRIST,  Carpus. 

WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRITERS'  SPASM,  see  Spasm,  writers'. 

WURALI,  Curare. 

WVRSTOIFT,  Allantotoxioum. 

WRONG  HEIR,  CanceUus. 


X. 


XALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
XANTHIC  OXIDE,  Uric  oxide. 

;  XANTHINE,  Urio  oxide. 

J  XAN'THIUM,  X.  etrvma'rium  sou  Orienta'ti 

sen  Vulga'ri,  Barda'na  minor,  Lappa  minor,  Les- 
ser Burdock,  Burweed,  Burthistle,  Clotbur,  (F.) 

1       Lampourde,  Petit  Glonteron,  Petite  Bardane,  This 

r  herb,  as  one  of  its  names  imports,  was  once  es- 
teemed for  the  oure  of  scrofula.  The  seeds  have 
been  administered  in  cutaneous  affections. 

\  XANTHIURIA,  Xanthuria. 

J  XANTHOPSIA,  from  faBot,  'yellow/  and 

o^ts,  'vision.'     Yellow  vision,  —  as  sometimes 

,      occurs  in  jaundice. 

,  XANTHORRHIZA,  Xanthorrhiva  apiifolia. 

,  Xanthorrhi'za  Apiifo'lia,  Xanihorrkina,  X. 

p       eimplicis1  sima,  X.  Marbot'ca,  ZantKorrhiza  tinc- 

(       ro'rta,  Yellow  Root,  Parsley-leaved  Yellow  Root 

I  or  Yellow  wort,  Shrub  yellow  root*  The  root  of 
this  American  plant  —  Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 

,       — is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the 
dose  of  two  scruples,  sits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 
XANTHOS,  Yellow. 
XANTHOSIS.    A  term  applied  to  the  yellow 

'       discoloration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tumours 

1      —  especially  in  encephaloid  of  the  testicle.  —  Le- 

1      bert. 

'  XANTHOX'YLUM  CLAVA  HER'CULIS, 

>  Prickly  Ash,  Toothach  Tree,  (F.)  Clavalier  d 
feuilles  de/rtne,  Frine  tpineux.     The  bark — 

'       Xanthoxylum,   (Ph.   U.  S.)  —  is  a  very  strong 

>  etimulant  and  powerful  sialagogue.    It  has  been 
i       given,  internally,  in  rheumatism.    Another  spe- 
cies— XantXoxylumfraxini/o'lium,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxin'eum,  Shrubby  prickly  ash,  Toothach  bush, 

I       PelVitory,  Yellow  wood,  Suterberry,  —  possesses 

>  active  powers.  A  spirituous  infusion  of  the  bark 
t  has  been  highly  recommended  in  cases  of  violent 
(  colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressed  from  the  roots 
;  of  the  xanthoxylum,  is  said  to  afford  relief  in 
\      the  dry  bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.    A  decoc- 

>  tion  of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash  to 
p      foul  ulcers.  ' 

i  X  ANTHTJ'RIA,  Xanthiu'ri a,  from  £avOo< ,  'y el- 

i      low/  and  ovpov,  *  urine.'    A  condition  of  the  sys- 
i      tern  and  of  the  urine,  in  which  xanthio  oxide  is 
i      deposited  from  the  urine, 
i  XANTICA,  Carminatives. 

XANTOLINA,  Artemisia  santonioa. 
f  XENODOCEUM,  Hospital. 

I 


XENODOCHETJM,  Hospital. 

XERANSIS,  Arefaetion,  Drying. 

XERANTIA,  Sicoantia. 

XERA'SIA.  Same  etymon ;  from  (npos,  'dry/ 
A  disease  of  the  hairs,  which  become  dry,  cease 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust- 
Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from  fy»f,  'dry,'  and 
xoXAevpiov,  'a  oollyrium;'  Collyr'ium  siccum.  A 
dry  oollyrium. 

XERODER'MA,  from  fr/w,  'dry/  and  ttppa 
1  skin.'  Diminution  of  secretion  of  the  sebaceoum 
glands. 

XEROMA,  Xerophthalmia— x.  Conjunctival, 
Xerophthalmia. 

Xbroma,  Lachrymal.  Suppression  of  the 
lachrymal  secretion. 

XEROMYCTER,  Xeromycteria. 

XEROMYCTERIA,  Xeromycter,  from  f^w* 
'dry,'  and  pvimip,  'the  nose.'  Dryness  of  the 
nose. 

XEROMYRON,  Unguen'tum  siccum;  from 
frpot,  'dry,'  and  /ivpoy,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment.  —  Gorneus. 

XEROPHA'GIA,  from  foot,  'dry,'  and  favw, 
'  I  eat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athletes  subjected 
themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing  their 
strength. 

XEROPHTHALMIA,  OphOiaVmia  sicca,  Oph- 
thalmoxero'sis,  Xero'ma,  from  fapos,  'dry,'  and 
o<p$aXftia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  An  inflam- 
mation of  the  eye,  without  discharge.  The  term 
— as  well  as  Oonjuncti'val  Xerofma,  and  Cntie'ular 
Conjunctiva — has  been  given  to  cases  in  which 
the  conjunctiva  is  so  changed,  that  it  presents 
more  of  the  characters  of  skin  than  of  mueous 
membrane.  It  is  incapable  of  radical  cure.  Also, 
lippitudo. 

XEROTRIBIA,  see  Friction. 

XEROTRIPSIS,  Friction,  dry. 

XIPHISTERNUM,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODES,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraco-gaetrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  XiphoVdes,  Xipho'des,  Ensifor'- 
mis,  from  $i<t>os,  'a  sword,'  and  ufa,  'shape;' 
Oartila'go  Xipkoidee,  C.  Xipholdea,  0.  Scuta'lU, 
C.  Snsiformis,  C.  Pelta'lis  sou  pelta'tus,  En'siform 
cartilage,   Puree  Via  infe'rior,   Mucrona'tum  ©*, 


XIPHOPAGES 


ttft 


ZAPANIA 


Mverona'ta  Cartila'go,  Ckomdroe,  Proeeeeue  art- 
jft&ofeerna'Kf  sea  xipkdidee  sen  itemt  tciphokU- 
ve,  Xiphisternum,  (F.)  Appendice  oa  cartilage  zi- 
phetdee,  C.  MucronS,  Appendice  eoue-etemale,  Pa- 
lette. The  name  of  the  appendix  which  termi- 
nates the  sternum  beneath ;  and  which  is  so  called 
from  some  resemblance  to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lig'avkitt,  Coeto-zyphoid  X.  (F.) 
Ligament  mipKcHdien  on  eoeto-xipholdien,  is  asmall, 
very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which  passes 
from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of  the  7th  rib 
to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid  cartilage, 
into  whioh  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres  decussating 
with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament. 

XIPHOP'AGES,  Did'ymue,  Symphyo-epiga*'- 
trius  ;  from  {(6>s,  '  a  sword/  and  mryvvftt,  <  I  fix.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
epigastrium,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Siamese  twins, 

XYLO-ALOES,  Agallochum  —  x.  Balsamum, 


see  Amyris  opobalaamum— x.  Cassia,  Lauras 
cassia  —  x.  Cinnamomum,  Lauras  cinnamomaja. 

XYLUM,  Gossipium. 

XYMPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

XYRIS,  Iris  fmddissima. 

Xtrib  Bclbo'sA,  X,  In'dica,  X.  Carolinia'n*, 
Yellow-eyed  Or  as*;  indigenous j  Order,  Xyridsv- 
ceae ;  flowering  from  July  to  September.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  by  the  Hin- 
doos in  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  diseases  in 
general. 

XYRUM,  Novacula, 

XYRUS,  Novacula. 

XYSMA,  Linteum,  Rasura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS,  Rasura. 

XYSTER,  Raspatoriuxn. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 

XYSTRUM,  Raspatorium— z.  Ophthalmic**, 
Ophthalmoxyster. 


Y. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Dioeco'rea,  —  ala'ta 
bulbifera,  and  eati'va*  They  grow  spontaneously 
in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are  eaten  pro- 
miscuously, as  the  potato  is  with  us.  Their  taste 
is  somewhat  like  the  potato. 

YAM  ROOT,  WILD,  Dioioorea  viUosa, 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAUPON,  Ilex  vomitoria, 

YAWNING,  from  Sax.  geonan,  Chaemi,  Chae- 
mue,  Hia'tue,  Owe' do,  Otcita'tio,  Clontu  pandicu- 
la'tio  maxilla' rum,  Gaping,  ( F. )  BaillemenL 
Yawning  consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  con- 
siderable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expiration. 
This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded  by  a  feel- 
ing of  oppression  in  the  epigastric  region,  and  in 
the  musoles  of  respiration  and  mastication. 
Yawning  has  been  conceived  to  be  owing  to  tor- 
por in  the  pulmonary  circulation ;  the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  commonly  ennui,  fatigue,  sleepi- 
ness, monotonous  Bounds,  hunger,  sympathy,  Ac. 
Yawning  often  precedes  the  invasion  of  certain 
intermittents,  attacks  of  hysteria,  Ac,  and  it  may, 
by  its  frequency,  and  obstinacy,  become  a  true 
.disease. 

YAWROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Frambcesia. 

YEAST,  Yest— y.  Plant,  Tormla  oerevisiss. 

YELK,  see  Ovum. 

YELLOW,  Flavue,  Litteue,  Xcmthus,  from  past 
participle  of  Sax.  session,  '  to  burn.'  One  of  the 
seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash,  Cladrastis  tinetoria — y.  Berry, 
Podophyllum  montanum — y.  Fever,  see  Fever, 
Yellow — y.  Fever,  mild,  see  Relapse. 

Yellow  Lioambnts,  (F.)  Ligament*  javnee, 
occupy  the  spaoes~between  the  vertebral  platte, 


from  the  interval,  which  separates  the  second 
vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which  separates 
the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum.  They  an  so 
called  in  consequence  of  their  colour. 

Yellow  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  y. 
Root,  Jefiersonia  Bartoni  —  y.  Root,  Parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrbiza  apiifolia  —  y.  Root,  Shrub, 
Xanthorrhisa  apiifolia  —  y.  Star,  Helenium  au- 
tumnale — y.  Weed,  Ranunculus  acria — y.  Wood, 
Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  y.  Wort,  Parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhisa  apiifolia. 

YELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum,  Icterus, 
Ranunculus  acris. 

YERBA  DEL  SOLD  AD  A,  Matico  — y.  de 
JBuaca,  Datura  sanguines, 

YEST,  Yeaet,  Sax.sert,  from  $tt,  'a  storm/ 
jTGio",  '  stormy ;'  Cerevie'ia  Fermen'tum,  Spnma 
Cerevli'im,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levure  de  la  Biere. 
The  scum,  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  much  extolled  in  putrid  fevers,  —  a 
table-spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  Ac  It  is,  also,  applied,  in  the  form  of  ca- 
taplasm, to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it  acts 
by  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

YEUX  Alt  DENS,  Ardent  eyes  —  y.  d?£ere- 
vine,  Cancrorum  ohehe. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baccata. 

YLECH,  Uech. 

YLIATHR,  Uech. 

YOLK,  see  Ovum. 

YOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YOPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

YRIDES,  Orpiment 

YSAM'BRA,  Pedigam'bra.  An  ancient  Spa- 
nish poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the  great- 
est part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot 

Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit 


Z. 


ZACCHARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZAEL,  BorosaiL 
ZAFFRAN,  Crocus 
ZAMBO,  see  Mulatto. 

ZAMIA  INTEGRIFOLIA,  see  Arrowroot-*. 
Pumila,  see  Arrowroot 
ZANNA.    A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 


the  ancients  as  a  desiccative.  It  was  also  called 
Zarnacha. 

ZANTHORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor- 
rhisa apiifolia. 

ZANTHOXYLUM  CLAVA  HERCULES,  Xan. 
fhoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

ZAPANIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 


! 


ZARNACHA 


m 


eiNoi. 


ZARNACHA,  Zanna. 
>  ZARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 
I  ZEA  MAYS,  Z.  vulga'ri,  May*  tea  sou  Ameri- 

ca'na,  May*,  Indian  Corn,  Corn,  Turkey  Wheat, 
i         Maize,  Ador,  Indian  Wheat,  (F.)  Mai*,  Oraine 
i         de    Turquie,   BIS    dflnde,    BU    tfEtpagne,   BU 
d?  Italic,  BU  de  Turquie,    A  native  of  America, 
and  much  used  over  the  whole  of  the  continent 
as  an  article  of  diet.    It  is  ground  for  the  same 
purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent  bread. 
z£  DO  AIRE  BOND,  Ka&mpferia  rotunda. 
ZEDOARIA,  Ksempferia  rotunda  —  t.  Longa, 
t        see  Kmmpferia — i.  Rotunda,  see  Ksempferia. 
ZEDOARY,  Kaunpferia  rotunda. 
ZEL0SI8,  Zelotypia. 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  £9X0*  Move/  and  twos, 
»  '  form/  '  model ;'  Zelo'ei*.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  affection 
produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  presumed  infi- 
delity of  a  beloved  object;  and  to  the  conse- 
quences of  such  affection;  — melancholy,  mania, 
Ac. 
ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICON,  itviKov.  Ancient  name  of  a  Eeltio 
poison,  used  for  poisoning  arrows. 
ZEPHACH,  Peritonaeum. 

*  ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.    Amongst  the  barbarous  La- 
1        tin  writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo,  Impeti'- 

*  go  ulcera'ta. 

ZERUMBET,  Cafsmnuniar. 

k  ZESIS,  Effervesoence,  Decoction. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica. 

1  ZESTOLUSIA,  Bath,  hot. 

ZIBEB^E,  see  Yitis  vinifera. 

»  ZIBETHUM,  Civetta. 

-  ZIGNITES,  Zingrites. 

ZINC,  Zineum,  Zinkum,  Speltrum,  Speauter, 
Tutenag,  Zinehum,  Zint,  Stannum  In'dicum.  Per- 
haps formed  etymologieally  from  (G.)  Zin,  '  Tin/ 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende.  Its 
colour  is  bluish-white ;  lustre  of  the  fresh  surface 

1  considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the  facility 
with  which  it  oxidates;  hard;  texture  striated. 
8.  g.  7.190.  Melts  at  700°  Fah.,  burns  with  a 
bright  flame  in  a  higher  temperature,  and  is  vo- 
latilized in  the  form  of  a  white,  flocculent  oxyd. 
Its  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the  formation  of  the 
following  preparations. 

ZING,  ACETATE  DE,  Zind  acetas—s.  But- 
ter of,  Zinoi  chloridum  —  s.  Chloride  of,  Zinci 
chloridum — s.  CJdorure  de,  Zinoi  chloridum — z. 
Ferrohydrocyanate  of,  Zind  cyanuretnm  —  s. 
Flowers  of,  Zind  oxydum —  z.  Hydrooyanate  of, 
Zinci  oyanuretum  —  z.  Iodide  of,  Zinci  Iodidum 
— ».  Ioduret  of,  Zind  Iodidum. 

Zino  and  Morph'ia,  Double  I'odidb  op.  (F.) 
lodure  douSle  de  Zinc  et  de  Morphine.  This  salt 
is  prepared  by  boiling  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of 
morphia  with  water  and  zinc,  after  they  have  acted 
on  each  other  for  some  days ;  filtering  and  crys- 
tallizing. It  is  considered  to  combine  the  pro- 
perties of  morphia  and  the  salts  of  line,  and  has 
been  prescribed  as  an  anodyne  and  antispasmodic 
Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

ZING,  OXIDE  DE,  Zind  oxydum— 1.  Oxyd 
of,  Zinci  oxydum. 

ZlNO    AND    StRTDI'NIA,    DOUBLB    I'ODIDB    07. 

This  salt  is  prepared  by  digesting  for  several 
days  in  hot  water,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of  strych- 
nia and  zinc;  filtering  and  crystallizing.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 

ZING,  SULFATE  DE,  Zinci  sulphas— «.  Sul- 
phate of,  Zinoi  Sulphas — z.  Valerianate  of,  Zind 
Valeriana*. 

ZINCHUM,  Zineum. 


ZINCI  ACE'TAS,  Ao"Uatt  of  Zinc,  (F.)  A*4- 
thte  de  Zinc,  (Plumbi  aeet.  fbj,  nine.  granuL 
gix,  aqua  deetiuot.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  acetate 
of  lead  in  the  water,  and  filter.  Add  the  zinc  to 
the  solution,  and  agitate  them  occasionally  to- 
gether, in  a  stopped  bottle,  for  five  or  six  hours, 
or  until  the  liquid  yields  no  precipitate,  with  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  potassium.  Filter  the  liquor, 
evaporate  it  with  a  moderate  heat  to  one-fifth, 
and  set  it  adde  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the 
liquid,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  solu- 
tion, drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution  of 
chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron ;  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate  it  with 
a  few  drops  of  acetio  add,  evaporate,  and  crys- 
tallize.—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Frequently  used  to  form  a  gently  astringent 
wash  in  ophthalmia  and  other  local  inflamma- 
tions ;  and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  Carbonas  Impurus,  Calamina. 

Zinci  Car'bonas  Pr-bcipita'tus,  Precipitated 
carbonate  of  Zinc.  (Zinci  *ulphat.,  soda  earbonaL 
&&  tbj ;  aq.  bullient.  oong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  soda  respectively  in  Oiv 
of  water.  Mix  the  solutions;  stir,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Having 
poured  off  the  liquid,  wash  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate of  zinc  with  hot  water,  until  the  fluid  of 
the  washings  is  nearly  tasteless,  and  dry  with  a 
gentle  heat  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  to  prepare  the 
Zinzi  oxidum. 

Zinoi  Carbonas  Prapabatus,  Calamina  pro* 
parata. 

Zinci  Chlo'ridttw,  Z.  ehlorure'tum,  Zineum 
chlora'twn,  Z.  muriat'icum  (oxydatum),  Chloride 
or  Chloruret  of  Zinc,  Butter  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  Zinc.  (Zinc,  in  frustulis,  £gss;  acid, 
nitric,  creta  prmparat.  55  3J ;  acid,  muriat.  q.  s. 
To  the  zino,  in  the  porcelain  vessel,  add  gradually 
sufficient  muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it;  strain,  add 
the  nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Dis- 
solve the  dry  mass  in  water,  add  the  chalk,  allow 
the  mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours,  filter,  and 
again  evaporate  to  dryness.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
very  deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming  the  Butter 
of  Zinc,  Buty'rum  Zinci. 

Chloride  of  Zine  is  a  powerful  eecharotio,  and 
has  been  lately  employed  as  an  effootive  anti- 
septic 

Zinci  CnxoRirnvTinr,  Z.  chloridum. 

Zinoi  Ctanvrb'tov,  Hydrocy'ana*  Zinci,  Zin- 
eum Cyanogena'tum,  Z.  Borus'ncwn,  Z.  Zobticum, 
Hydrocy'anate  of  Zine.  This  salt  is  formed  by 
adding  sulphate  of  zino  to  hydrooyanate  of  po- 
tassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is  thrown  down. 
When  dried  and  calcined  at  a  low  heat,  the  pro- 
duct is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret  of  zino  and  of  po- 
tesrium.  It  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to  one- 
twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  ohiefly  used  as  a  caustic;  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  four,  three,  or  two 
parts  of  flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength, 
and  a  few  drops  ef  water  being  added  to  form  a 
paste. 

Zinci  Fxrbortdroct'anas,  Oyanurt'tum  Fer- 
ronin'cicum,  Zineum  Ferrohydrocyan'icum,  Ferro- 
hydrocyanate of  Zinc  Made  by  the  mutual  de- 
composition of  boiling-hot  solutions  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  ferrooyanate  of  potass  a.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last  pre- 
paration. 

Zinci  Htdrootanas,  Zind  oyanuretum. 

Zinoi  Iod'idum,  Z.  lodure'tum,  Zineum  Iodat- 
turn,  lode' turn  Zinci  seu  Zin' ci cum,  Prvtdlodur*9- 
turn  Zinci,  Fodide  or  Iod'uret  of  Zinc    This  sail 


^p 


GUM 


926 


ZOONOMIA 


Is  made  by  boiling  together  iodine  and  sfee  to 
dryness,  and  subliming.  An  ointment,  composed 
of  a  drachm  to  an  ounce  of  lard,  has  been  used 
in  oases  where  the  external  use  of  iodide  of  po- 
tassium is  indicated. 

Zinci  Iodubstumt,  Z.  iodidum  — s.  Nix,  Zinci 
oxydum. 

Zinci  Ox'tdum,  Zineum  ealeina'tum,  Oxyd  of 
Zinc,  FUneert  of  Zinc,  Nihil  Album,  Lana  Phi- 
loeopho'rum,  L.  Philoeoph'ica,  Nix  Zinci,  Nihil 
Grit'eum,  Pom'pholyx,  (F.)  Oxide  de  Zinc  (Pro- 
cured  by  burning  zino  in  a  long,  deep,  crucible, 
placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate.  Also,  by 
exposing  the  precipitate  thrown  down  from  a  so- 
lution of  eulphate  of  tine  by  carbonate  of  ammo- 
nia to  a  strong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off  the  car- 
bonic acid. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and  antispas- 
modic; externally,  detergent  and  desiccative. 
Employed  in  epilepsy,  chorea,  Ac  For  its  ex- 
ternal use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Ziifci  Oxydum  Ijipurum,  Tutia. 

Zwci  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zineum  Vit- 
riola'tum,  Vitrio'lum  Album,  White  Vitriol,  V. 
Goelarien'et,  V.  Zinci,  Sulphae  Zin'eicum,  QiUa 
Vitrioli,  Qilla  Theophrae'ti,  SalVomito'riumVit- 
rioli,  Chalean'thum  Album,  White  Copperas,  Sal 
Vitrioli,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Zinc  (Zinc,  in  frustul. 
3iv;  acid,  sulphuric  3VJ5  aqum  dettillat,  Oiv. 
To  the  sine  and  water,  previously  introduced  into 
a  glass  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid, 
and,  when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased, 
filter  the  solution  through  paper;  then  boil  it 
down  till  a  pellicle  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside 
to  crystallise. — Ph.  XJ.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
is  inodorous ;  taste,  styptic  It  is  in  white,  semi- 
transparent,  efflorescent  crystals ;  soluble  in  three 
parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, and,  externally,  astringent.  A  nos- 
trum, sold  under  the  name  Antipertut'ns,  and,  as 
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  con- 
tains this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is  emetic 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  gss;  as  a  tonic,  gr.j 
to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  collyrium,  gr.  J  to 
water  f  5j. 

Zinci  Valrria'nas,  Valerianate  of  Zinc  A  salt 
formed  by  saturating  valerianic  acid  with  freshly 
prepared  carbonate  of  sine.  It  is  in  pure  white, 
pearly  scales,  and  has  been  recommended  as  a 
tonic  in  neuralgic  diseases*  epilepsy,  Ac  The 
dose  is  one  or  two  grains  several  times  a  day. 

ZINCUM,  Zinc  —  s.  Borussicum,  Zinci  eyanu- 
retum — s.  Caloinatum,  Zinci  oxydum — s.  Chlora- 
tam,  Zinoi  ohloridum  —  z.  Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum — s.  Ferrohydrooyanioum,  Zinci  fer- 
rohydrocyanas  —  z.  Iodatum,  Zinci  iodidum — z. 
Ifuriaticum,  Zinci  chloridum — a.  Vitriolatum, 
Zinci  sulphas  —  a,  Zooticum,  Zinoi  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Cassumu- 
niar, see  Cassumuniar  —  z.  Cliffordia,  see  Cassu- 
muniar — z.  Germanicum,  Arum  maeulatum  —  z. 
Officinale,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Purpureum,  see 
Cassumuniar — z.  Spurium,  see  Cassumuniar — a. 
Zerumbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid. 

ZINGRI'TES,  Zigni'tec    A  stone,  resembling 

?;lass ;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed  marvel- 
ous properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zineum. 

ZINT,  Zineum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

ZIPHAC,  Peritonaeum. 

ZIRBU8,  Epiploon  —  z.  Adipinus,  Epiploon, 
gasiro-colic 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Ricef  called 
by  the  Indians,  Menomene,  grows  abundantly  on 
the  marshy  margins  of  the  northern  lakes  and 
waters  of  the  upper  branches  of  the  Mississippi. 
2  he  grain  resembles  oats.  It  furnishes  the  north- 


ern savages  and  the  Canadian  traders  end  ssnt 
ers  with  their  annual  supplies  of  grain. 

ZIZTPHUM,  Jujube 

ZIZYPHTJS  JUJUBA,  see  Jujube-*.  **&, 
see  Jujube — z.  Satire,  see  Jujube — z.  8ytTestrs> 
see  Jnjube. 

ZOA'GRIA,  from  {«*,  'life,'  and  «r»»  'I 
catch  up.'  The  saving  and  preservation  "'  Jt. 
Zob'eis.  A  reward  for  preserving  life ;  &*•«. 
A  votive  offering  hung  up  in  the  temples  far  J 
saved. 

ZOANTHRO'PIA,  MetemehoTia  mekw+rijk 
from  frov,  'an  animal,*  and  artytmc.  4ic*' 
A  species  of  monomania,  in  which  the  pefia 
believes  himself  transformed  into  an  sasa. 
Lycanthropia  and  cynanthropia  belong  to  ±i 
species  of  monomania. 

ZOARA,  Insomnia. 

ZOE,  Life. 

ZOGRAPHIA,  Zoographia. 

ZOIATRIA,  Veterinary  art.  V 

ZOIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

ZOMIDIUM,  Jus. 

ZOMOS,  Coneommi,  Jus. 

ZONA,  Herpes  zoster —  a.  Cattitatia,  Hrsa 
—  s.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  sons  —  a.  Agnes,  B«ys 
zoster. 

Zoha  PsLLtr'ciDA,  Oolem'nwa  peUmfctdmrn,  TV 
uUary  membrane,  (F.)  Vitelline,  Membra*  **> 
line  The  membrane  that  surrounds  tht  ysfc  a 
the  mammalia  is  so  called  on  account  of  its  tart- 


ness and  peculiar  transparency. 
osa,  Iiexpc 


r— i-V^ 


ZoHA  SsBPIGlHOSA, 

nitatas,  Hymen. 

Zona  Tendiho'sa.  The  whitish  circle  swart' 
the  auriculo-ventricnlsx  orifice  of  the  rigfci  &* 
of  the  heart 

ZONE,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  sad  CJxj 
zone — z.  Cochleae,  see  Lamina  spiral*— t  &?■ 
dani,  Cingulum  Hildani  —  c.  Zinnii,  see  Cacj- 

ZO0CHEMIA,  Chymistry,  animaL 

ZOOCHEM'ICAL,  Zodch  vm'ical,  Zc&M** 
sou  Zoochym'icuc  Appertaining  or  harisg  R> 
tion  to  animal  chymistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  animaL 

ZOOGENIUM,  Aaote. 

Z00G"ENY,  Zodgen'ia,  Zotgem'eeie,  frea  {•» 
'  animal,'  and  ynwij, *  generauom,'  The  usees* 
of  animal  formation. 

ZOOG'RAPHY,  Zoogra'pkia.Zogrm'pk^  ** 
{n»,  'an  animal/  and  res**  'a  deeeriptkc-'  A 
description  of  animals.    The  nateral  histajr* 


'an  animal/ J^*** 


ZOOHEMATINE,  Hsjn 

ZOOHY'LAS,  from  («•», 
'matter.'    Animal  matter. 

ZO&HY'LICA  CONCREME5PTA.  C«s* 
lions  formed  of  animal  matter. 

ZOOlASIS,  Veterinary  art. 

ZOOL'OGIST,  Zc&oaie'ta,  ZoSTomm,  f* 
£»m>,  'an  animal,'  and  leys,  '  deseripooa/  Oft 
skilled  in  the  natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOflL'OGY,  Zo&o/'ia.  Same  etymoa.  ©■ 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZO&MAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  amnsal 

ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus. 

ZOOMYXA,  Mucus. 

ZOON,  AnimaL 

ZOONOM'IA,(>r9uaoso»MM't<£oeVe«9.&« 
$*ov,  «an  animal,'  and  Mp«f»  'law.*  Th*  J* 
which  govern  the  organic  actions  of  aatau>  3 
general : — Animal  PhyrioTogy,  JZo*pkwm**f  * 


I 


ZOONOSOLOGIA 


927 


ZYTHUS^ 


ZOONOSOLOG"IA,  from  far,  'an  animal/ 
wot,  'a  disease,'  and  \cyos,  'description.'    The 
1      nosology  of  animals. 

ZOOPATHOLOGY,  from  far,  'an  animal,' 
1      vados,  'a  disease/  and  \oyos,  'a  desoription.'  The 
pathology  of  animals. 

ZOOPH'AGOUS,  Zo'dph'ague,  (F.)  ZoVphage. 
from  fav,  *  an  animal,  and  $ay<a,  '  I  eat'  Feed- 
i      ing  on  animals.     Carnivorous. 
'         ZO0PHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia. 

Z00PHYSIOLOGIA,  Physiology,  animal,  Zo- 
onomia. 
1  ZO'OPHYTB,  Zo'dph'ytum,  Phytoxo'on,  Animal 

1      plant,  from  £»<w, '  an  animal/  and  <pvrovf  *  a  plant' 
A  name  given  to  the  lowest  class  of  animals, 
which  seem  to  form  the  transition  between  the 
animal  and  the  vegetable  kingdoms. 
ZOOSIS,  Animation,  Zoagria. 
ZOOSPERMATA,  Spermatozoa. 
ZOdSPERMES,  Spermatozoa. 
ZOOTHAP'SIS,  from  fa,  'life/  and  fturrw,  'I 
inter.'    Burial  alive.    Premature  interment 

ZOOT'OMIST,  Zootom'icus.    Same  etymon  as 
the  next    One  who  dissects  animals. 

ZOOTOMY,  ZoVtom'ia,  from  fav,  '  an  animal/ 
and  tchvu,  '  I  cut'    Theriot'omy,  Anatom'ia  ani- 
.     ma' l\9  sen  oomparati'va  sen  compara'ta,  Compar- 
ative Anatomy,    The  anatomy  of  animals.    Ani- 
i     mal  anatomy. 

,        ZOPISSA,  see  Pinna  sylveetris. 
,        ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 

ZOSTER,  Herpes  soster. 
j       ZOSTERA  MARINA,  Pila  marina— i.  Man- 
,    tima,  Pila  marina. 

ZOZAR,  Saecharnm. 
E       ZUCARO,  Saccharum. 
ZUCCARUM,  Saecharnm. 
ZUCHAR,  Saecharnm. 
ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 
ZULAPIUM,  Jnlep. 
ZYGAPOPHYSES,  see  Vertebra. 
ZYGOMA,  Mala?  os. 

ZYGOMATIC,  Zygomat'icus,  Juga'Us,  Jugal. 
That  which  relates  to  the  zygoma  or  cheek-bone. 
Zygomatic  Arch,  seo  Zygomatic  process — s. 
Bone,  Males  os. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  the  space  included  between 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of  the  pte- 
rygoid process,  and  the  crista  which  descends 
from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior  alveolar 
margin. 


Zygomatic  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
Zygomat'icus  major,  Distort?  or  Oris,  (F.)  Zyjo- 
maio-labial  (Ch.),  Mutch  grand  nygomatique, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore-part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  muscle; 
arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os  malm,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  whieh 
it  raises  and  draws  outwards.  It  acts  principally 
in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'icus  minor,  (F.)  Petit 
Zygomato-labial  (Ch.),  Petit  Zygomatique,  does 
not  always  exist  It  is  situate  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  last ;  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
os  malm,  and  is  inserted  at  the  corner  of  the 
mouth,  or  rather  into  the  upper  lip,  which  it 
raises  and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Procet'eue  zygomat'icus, 
Apoph'yeis  Zygomat'ica,  Malar  process,  Jugal 
process,  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone  by  two  roots,  one  of  which  is  trans- 
verse, (Condyle  du  temporal,  Ch.,)  and  the  other 
longitudinal :  between  them  is  the  glenoid  cavity. 
The  process  passes  forwards,  and  is  articulated 
with  the  posterior  angle  of  the  os  malae,  with 
which  it  forms  a  bony  bridge,  called  the  Zygo- 
matic arch,  Pars  zygomat'icus,  Arena  zygomat'- 
icus, (F.)  Arcade  Zygomatique,  The  cavity,  be- 
neath this  bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygo'ma. 

Zygomatic  Suturb  is  placed  between  the  zy- 
gomatic parts  of  the  temporal  and  cheek  bones ; 
and  slants  obliquely  downwards  and  backwards. 

ZYGOMATIQUE  GRAND,  Zygomatics  ma- 
jor— z.  Petit,  Zygomatics  minor. 

ZYGOMATO-LABIAL,  Zygomatics  major 
— «.  Labial,  petit,  Zygomatics  major — a.  MaxiU 
laire,  Masseter — z.  Oriculaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FABA'GO,(F.)  Fabagelle, 
A  Syrian  and  Mauritanio  plant,  possessed  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  tasts.  It  has  vermifuge  properties. 
The  Arabs  believe  that  the  recently  expressed 
juice  of  ZygophyUum  simplex,  is  capable  of  re- 
moving specks  from  the  cornea. 

ZYMA,  Ferment 

ZYMOMA,  Ferment    , 

ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOT'IC,  Zymoficus,  from  fow,  'to  fer- 
ment' An  epithet  proposed  for  any  epidemic, 
endemic,  or  contagious  affection.  Zymosie  is 
used  to  signify  such  an  affection. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset 

ZYTHUM,  Gerevisia. 

ZYTHUS,  Cerevisia. 


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HANDSOMELY  ILLUSTRATED  ON  WOOD. 

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many  years  of  observation  and  experience,  and  his  labors  will  prove  of  much  value  to  ail  pc '* 
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ANALYTICAL    COMPENDIUM 
OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE,  containing  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,  Midwifery, 

Chemistry,  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  By  John  Nkill,  M.  D., 
and  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D.  Second  and  enlarged  edition,  one  thick  volume  royal  l2mo.  of  over 
1000  pages,  with  350  illustrations,    fy  See  Nkill. 


ABEL  (F.  A.),   F.  C.  S. 
Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Royal  Military  Academy,  Woolwich. 

AMD 

C.    L.    BLOXAM, 

Formerly  Fir  it  Assistant  at  the  Royal  College  of  Chemistry. 

HANDBOOK  OF  CHEMISTRY,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical,  with  a 
Recommendatory  Preface  by  Dr.  Hofmann.  In  one  large  octavo  volume  of  662  pages,  with 
illustrations,  (Jvotcr  Ready.) 
"  The  present  volume  is  a  synopsis  of  their  (the 

authors')  experience  in  laboratory  teaching;  it  gives 

the  necesiary  instruction  in  chemical  manipulation, 

a  concise  account  of  general  chemistry  as  far  as  it  is 

involved  in  the  operations  of  the  laboratory,  and  last- 

1  y ,  qualitative  and  quantitative  analysis.  1 1  mast  be 

understood  that  this  is  a  work  fitted  for  the  earnest 

student,  who  resolves  to  pursue  for  himself  a  steady 

search  into  the  chem-cal  mysteries  of  creation.   For 

such  a  student  the  4  Handbook'  wilt  prove  an  excel- 


lent guide,  since  he  will  find  in  it,  not  merely  the 
approved  modes  of  analytical  investigation,  but  most 
descriptions  of  the  apparatus  necessary,  with  such 
manipulatory  details  as  rendered  Faraday's  '  Che- 
mical Manipulations'  so  valuable  at  the  time  of  its 
publication.  Beyond  this,  the  importance  of  the 
work  is  increased  by  the  introduction  of  much  of 
the  technical  chemistry  of  the  manufactory." — Dr 
Hofmasm's  Prefaee. 


ASHWELL  (SAMUEL),  M.  D., 

Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London. 

!  A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

,      Illustrated  by  Cases  derived  from  Hospital  and  Private  Practice.  Third  American,  from  the  Third 
,      and  revised  London  edition.    la  one  octavo  volume,  of  over  500  pages.  (Now  Ready.) 


f  The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard 
and  practical,  work  on  female  diseases  that  we  have 
yet  seen.— Medieo-Chirurgieai  Review. 

We  commend  it  to  our  readers  as  the  best  practi- 
,  tioal  treatise  on  the  subject  which  has  yet  appeared 
'  — London  Lancet. 

1  The  young  practitioner  will  find  it  invaluable, 
'  while  those  who  have  had  most  experience  will  yet 
find  something  to  learn,  and  much  to  commend,  in  a 
book  which  shows  so  much  patient  observation, 


practical  skill,  and  sound  sense.— British  and  Fo- 
reign Med.  Review. 

With  no  work  are  we  acquainted,  in  which  the 
pleasant  and  the  useful  are  more  happily  blended.  1 1 
combines  the  greatest  elegance  of  style  with  the 
most  sound  and  valuable  practical  information. 
We  feel  justified  ia  recommending  it,  in  unqualified 
terms,  to  our  readers,  as  a  book  from  which  they 
can  scarcely  fail  to  derive  both  pleasure  and  im- 
provement. It  is  truly  a  model  for  medical  compo* 
anions.— Southern  Med,  and  Surg.  Journal. 


ARNOTT  (NEILL),  M.  D. 

ELEMENTS  OP  PHYSICS;  or  Natural  Philosophy,  General  and  Medical. 
Written  for  universal  use,  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.  A  new  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays, 
M.  !>•    Complete  in  one  octavo  volume,  of  484  pages,  with  about  two  hundred  illustrations. 

BENNETT  (HENRY),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE   ON  INFLAMMATION  OP  THE  UTERUS, 

ITS  CERVIX  AND  APPENDAGES,  and  on  its  connection  with  Uterine  Disease.    Fourth 

American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  430  pages, 

with  wood-cuts.     Just  Issued.) 

This  edition  will  be  found  materially  improved  over  its  predecessors,  the  author  having  carefully 
revised  it,  and  made  considerable  additions,  amounting  to  about  seventy-five  pages. 

This  edition  has  been  carefully  revised  and  altered, .  When,  a  few  years  back,  the  first  edition  of  the 
and  various  additions  have  been  made,  which  render  ]  present  work  was  published,  the  subject  was  one  al- 
it  more  complete,  and,  if  possible,  more  worthy  of  most  entirely  unknown  to  the  obstetrical  celebrities 
the  high  appreciation  in  which  it  is  held  by  the  of  the  day ;  and  even  now  we  have  reason  to  know 
medico!  profession  throughout  the  world.    A  copy  j  that  the  bulk  ef  the  profession  are  not  fully  alive  to 


ossession  of  every  physician.- 
foumul  and  Review. 


should  be  in  the  poi 
Charleston  Med.  Jo* 

"We  are  firmly  of  opinion  that  in  proportion  as  a 
knowledge  of  nterine  diseases  becomes  more  appre- 
ciated, this  work  will  be  proportionably  established 
as  a  text-book  in  the  profession.— The  Lancet. 


the  importance  and  frequenoy  of  the  disease  ef  which 
it  takes  cognizance.  The  present  edition  is  so  much 
enlarged,  altered,  and  improved,  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  considered  the  same  work^-JDr.  Ranking* s  Ab- 
stract. 


BROWN   (ISAAC   BAKER)., 

8argeon-Aceoncheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Ac. 

ON  SOME  DISEASES  OP  WOMEN  ADMITTING  OF  SURGICAL  TREAT- 
MENT.   With  handsome  illustrations.    One  vol.  8vo.    (At  Press.) 

Publishing  in  the  "Medical  News  and  Library"  for  1855.    See  preceding  page. 
Mr.  Brown  has  earned  for  himself  a  high  reputa- 
tion in  the  operative  treatment  of  sundry  diseases 
ind  injuries  to  which  females  are  peculiarly  subject. 


VVe  can  truly  say  of  his  work  that  it  is  an  important 
addition  to  obstetrical  literature.  The  operative 
suggestions  and  contrivances  which  Mr.  Brown  de- 
icr/bes,  exhibit  much  practical  sagacity  and  skill, 


and  merit  the  careful  attention  of  every  surgeon- 
accoucheur.— Associati on  Journal. 


We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  book 
to  the  careful  attention  of  all  surgeons  who  make 
female  oomplaints  a  part  of  their  study  and  practice. 
—Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


BLANCHARD  &   LEA'S  MEDICAL 


BENNETT  (J.    HUGHES),    M.  D.,   F.  R.  3.  E., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  fee. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT  OF  PULMONARY  TCBEECT- 

LOSI3,  and  on  the  Local  Medication  of  Pharyngeal  and  Laryngeal  Diseases  freqneoil  j  sinaa 
for  or  associated  with,  Phthisis.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  beautiful  voo*cfe 
(Now  Ready.) 


BILLING   (ARCHIBALD),  M.  D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.     Second  American,  from  the  RMoJ 
Improved  London  edition.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  250  pages. 


BLAKISTON   (PEYTON),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  8.,  &c. 
PRACTICAL   OBSERVATIONS    ON    CERTAIN    DISEASES   OF  IB 

CHEST,  and  on  the  Principles  of  Auscultation.    In  one  volume,  8vo.,  pp.  384. 


BURROWS   (GEORGE),  M.  D. 
ON  DISORDERS  OF  THE  CEREBRAL  CIRCULATION,  and  on  the  C* 

section  between  the  Affections  of  the  Brain  and  Diseases  of  the  Heart.    In  aM6Yo.*i,ia 
colored  plates,  pp.  21b\ 

BUDD  (GEORGE),  M.  0.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  King's  College,  London. 

ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVER.     Second  Americas,  from  the  second  e? 

enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  four  benntifilty  e>*« 

plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.    pp.  468.    New  edition.    (Just  Issued,) 

The  reputation  which  this  work  has  obtained  as  a  full  and  practical  treatise  on  an  importurra 

of  diseases  will  not  be  diminished  by  this  improved  and  enlarged  edition.     It  has  been  ciref*  ^ 

thoroughly  revised  by  the  author ;  the  number  of  plates  has  been  increased,  and  the  style  of  is  * 

chanical  execution  will  be  found  materially  improved. 
The  fall  digest  we  have  given  of  the  new  matter    work  must  be  the  authority  of  the  gtwt  aw* 

Introduced  into  the  present  volume,  is  evidence  of    British  practitioners  on  the  hepatic  diieuei  -  " 

the  value  we  place  on  it.    The  fact  that  the  profes-    is  satisfactory  that  the  subject  has  bees  ata*  ^ 

sioa  has  required  a  second  edition  of  a  monograph 

snoh  as  tbut  before  us,  bears  honorable  testimony 

to  its  usefulness.     For  many  yeara,  Dr.  Burid's 


so  able  and  experienced  a  phyaieiaa.— Br**+ 
Foreign  Medico- Ckirurgical  Kttim. 


BUSHNAN  (J.  8.),   M.  D. 
THE  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  ANIMAL  AND  VEGETABLE  LIFE;  aP^ 

Treatise  on  the  Functions  and  Phenomena  of  Organic  Life.    To  which  is  prefixed  a  Bririfc?' 

sition  of  the  great  department*  of  Human  Knowledge.    In  one  handsome  royal  l"2am  *■■■* 

with  over  one  hundred  illustrations. 

Though  cast  in  a  popular  form  and  manner,  this  work  Is  the  production  of  a  man  of  «*  ■" 
presents  its  subject  in  its  latest  development,  based  on  truly  scientific  and  accurate  prso* 
It  may  therefore  be  consulted  with  interest  by  those  who  wish  to  obtain  in  a  concise  fern,*** 
a  very  low  price,  a  resume  of  the  present  state  of  animal  and  vegetable  physiology. 


BLOOD  AND  URINE  (MANUALS  ON). 
BY  JOHN  WILLIAM  GRIFFITH,  G.  OWEN  REESE,  AND  ALFBt 

MARKWICK.    One  thick  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with  plates,    pp.  469. 


BRODIE  (8IR  BENJAMIN  C),  M.  D.,  &c. 
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SURGJfcRY.    1  vol  8vo.,  doth.    850  pp. 


BIRD  (GOLDING),  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  &c.  . 

URINARY    DEPOSITS :    THEIR    DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,  iS 

THERAPEUTICAL  INDICATIONS.    A  new  and  enlarged  Amerieanvfroni  the  last  Mr"* 

London  edition.    With  over  sixty  illustrations.  In  one  royal  12mo.  votdhae,  extra  cloth. 

The  new  edition  of  Dr.  Bird's  work,  though  not  stilts  of  those  microscopical  and  CBesrieal  wa*^ 

increaeed  in  size,  has  been  greatly  modified,  and  regarding  the  physioiory  and  patbotagTof* 

much  of  it  rewritten.    It  now  presents,  in  a  com-  nary  secretion,  which  have  contributed  *•*% 

Eendious  form,  the  gist  of  all  that  is  known,  and  re-  the  increase  of  our  diagnostic  power*, *» '-. 

able  in  this  department.    Prom  its  terse  style  and  extension  and  satisfactory  eDnployncat  of  «rj^ 
convenient  size,  it  is  particularly  applicable  to  the 
student,  to  whom  we  cordially  commend  it.— TA« 
Medical  Examiner. 


In  the  pteparauoaof  *»^ 


pentic  resources.  In  the  pveparauoa  d  »» 
edition  of  his  work,  it  is  obvioae  that  Br .** 
Bird  has  spared  no  pais*  to  reader  its  fai&t.  -£ 
sentation  of  the  present  state  of  acimuic  teT^ 
on  the  subject  it  embraces.—  The  British  as*  P** 


It  can  scarcely  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything 
of  the  merits  of  this  well-known  Treatise,  which  so    M,rff.,a.rwMtw^«l  »-*_. 
admirably  brings  into  practical  application  the  re-  I  M**fo-CntrurgH*i  lUtiw. 

BY  THE  BAStK  ACTHOE. 

ELEMENTS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY;  being  an  Bxptrin«*l  1* 

auction  to  the  Physical  Sciences.    Illustrated  with  nearly  four  hundred  wood-eats-  fr* 
third  London  edition.    In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.    pp.  402. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


5 


BARTLETT  (ELiSHA),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medlca  and  Medieal  Jurisprudence  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York. 

THE  HISTORY,  DIAGNOSIS,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  THE  FEVERS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.    Third  edition,  revised  and  improved.    Id  one  octavo  volume, 

of  six  hundred  pages,  beautifully  printed,  and  strongly  bound. 

In  preparing  a  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the  author  has  availed  himself  of  such  obser- 
vations and  investigations  aa  have  appeared  since  the  publication  of  his  last  revision,  and  he  has 
endeavored  in  every  way  to  render  it  worthy  of  a  continuance  of  the  very  marked  favor  with  which 
it  has  been  hitherto  received. 


The  masterly  and  elegant  treatise,  by  Dr.  Bartlett 
is  invaluable  to  the  American  student  and  practi- 
tioner.— Dr.  Holmes's  Report  to  the  Nat.  Med.  Asso- 
ciation. 

We  regard  it,  from  the  examination  we  have  made 
of  it,  the  best  work  on  fevers  extant  in  our  language, 
and  as  such  cordially  recommend  it  to  the  medical 
public — St.  Louie  Medieal  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Take  it  altogether,  it  is  the  most  complete  history 
of  our  fevers  which  has  yet  been  published,  and 
every  practitioner  should  avail  himself  of  its  con- 
tents.—r««  Western  Lancet. 


Of  the  value  and  importance  of  such  a  work,  it  is 
needless  here  to  speak ;  the  profession  of  the  United 
States  owe  much  to  the  author  for  the  very  able 
volume  which  he  has  presented  to  them,  and  for  the 
careful  and  judicious  manner  in  which  he  has  exe- 
cuted his  task.  No  one  volume  with  which  we  are 
acquainted  contains  so  complete  a  history  of  our 
fevers  as  this.  To  Dr.  Bartlett  we  owe  our  best 
thonks  for  the  very  able  volume  he  has  given  us,  a* 
embodying  certainly  the  most  complete,  methodical, 
and  satisfactory  account  of  our  fevers  anywhere  to 
be  met  with.— The  Charleston  Med.  Journal  and 
Review. 


BUCKLER  (T.  H.),  M.  D.f 
Formerly  Physician  to  the  Baltimore  Almshouse  Infirmary,  Ac. 

ON  THE  ETIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY,  AND  TREATMENT  OF   FIBRO- 

BRONCHITIS  AND  RHEUMATIC  PNEUMONIA.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 
cloth.    (JuM  Issued.)  

BOWMAN  (JOHN  E.),  M.D. 
PRACTICAL  HANDBOOK  OF   MEDICAL   CHEMISTRY.     In  one  neat 

volume,  royal  12mo.,  with  numerous  illustrations,    pp.  288. 

BY  THS  SAKE  AUTHOR. 

INTRODUCTION   TO   PRACTICAL   CHEMISTRY,   INCLUDING   ANA- 

LYSIS.    With  numerous  illustrations.    In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.    pp.  390. 


BARLOW  (GEORGE  H.),  M.  O. 
A  MANUAL  OF  THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE. 

In  one  octavo  volume.    (Preparing.) 

BEALE  (LIONEL  JOHN),  M.  R.  C.  8.,  &c. 
THE   LAWS  OF    HEALTH  IN   RELATION  TO   MIND   AND  BODY. 

A  Series  of  Letters  from  an  old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient.    In  one  handsome  volume,  royal  lQmo., 
aitra  cloth. 


OOLOMBAT  D€  L'tSERE. 
A  TREATISE  ON  THE   DISEASES   OF  FEMALES,  and  on  the  Special 

Hygiene  of  their  Sex.    Translated,  with  many  Notes  and  Additions,  by  C.  D.  Meigs,  M.  D. 

Second  edition,  revised  and  improved.    In  one  large  volume,  octavo,  with  numerous  wood-outs. 

pp.  720. 

M.  Colonbat  De  L>Isere  has  not  consecrated  tea 
years  of  studious  toil  and  research  to  the  frailer  sex 
m  vale  j  and  although  we  regret  to  hear  it  is  at  the 


The  treatise  of  M.  Golombat  la  a  learned  and  la-  i 
boriooe  commentary  on  these  diseases,  iadieatiag 
very  considerable  research,  great  aooaraoy  of  jadg-  ! 
meat,  sad  no  ineooaiderafaie  personal  experience.  I 
"With  the  oopiooa  aotes  and  additions  of  its  experi- 
enced and  very  erudite  translator  and  editor,  Dr.  | 
Meigs,  it  presents,  probably,  one  of  the  most  com-  i 
piete  and  comprehensive  works  on  the  subject  we 
possess.— American  Med.  Journal.  \ 


expense  of  health,  he  has  iraposed  a  debt  of  gratitude 
as  well  upon  the  profession,  as  upon  the  mothers  and 
daughters  of  beautiful  France,  which  that  gallant 
nation  knows  best  how  to  acknowledge.— New  Or- 
leans Medical  Journal. 


COPLAND  (JAMES),  M.  D.,  P.  R.  3.,  &c. 
OF  THE  CAUSES,  NATURE,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  PALSY  AND 

APOPLEXY,  and  of  the  Forms,  Seats,  Comptiomtions,  and  Morbid  Relations  oi  Paralytic  and 
Apoplectic  Diseases.    In  one  volume,  royal  I3mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  386. 

CLYMER  (MEREDITH),  M.  D.,  &c. 
FEVERS;    THEIR  DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,    AND   TREATMENT. 

Prepared  and  Edited,  with  large  Additions,  from  the  Essays  on  Fever  in  Tweedie's  Library  of 
Practical  Medicine.    In  one  octavo  volume,  of  000  pages. 

CARSON  (JOSEPH),  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Materia  Mediea  and  Pharmacy  in  the  University  at  Pennsylvania. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  LECTURES  ON  MATERIA  MEDICA 
AND  PHARMACY,  delivered  in  the  University  oi  Pennsylvania.  In  one  very  neat  octavo 
volume,  of  208  pages. 


SLANCHARD  fit  LEA'S  MEDIGAL 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM  B.),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  3.,  fee. 

Examiner  ia  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  1 

PRINCIPLES  OP  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY;  with  their  chief  applications  to 

Psychology,  Pathology,  Therapeutic*,  Hygiene,  and  Forensic  Medicine.  Fifth  American,  km 
the  fourth  and  enlarged  London  edition.  With  three  hundred  and  fourteen  illustrations.  Edict 
with  additions,  by  Francis  Gurnet  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  is  tie 
Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &a  In  one  very  large  and  beautiful  octavo  volume,  of abom  11» 
large  pages,  handsomely  printed  and  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bends.  New  ediu*. 
(Lately  Issued.) 


The  moat  complete  work  on  the  science  in  onr 
language.— Am.  Med.  Journal. 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  physiology  which 
any  language  can  at  present  give.— Brit,  and  For. 
Mtd.-Cnirurg.  Review. 

We  have  thus  adverted  to  some  of  the  leading 
"  additions  and  alterations,"  which  have  been  in- 
troduced by  the  author  into  this  edition  of  his  phy- 
siology. These  will  be  found,  however,  very  far  to 
exceed  the  ordinary  limits  or  a  new  edition,  "the 
old  materials  having  been  incorporated  with  the 
new,  rather  than  the  new  with  the  old."  It  now 
certainly  presents  the  most  complete  treatise  on  the 
subject  witli in  the  reach  of  the  American  reader; 
and  while,  for  availability  as  a  text-book,  we  may 
perhaps  regret  its  growth  in  bulk,  we  are  sure  that 
the  student  of  physiology  will  feel  the  impossibility 
of  presenting  a  thorough  digest  of  the  facts  of  the 
science  within  a  more  limited  compass. — Medical 
Examiner. 

The  greatest,  the  most  reliable,  and  the  best  book 
oa  the  subject  which  we  know  of  in  the  English 
lang  aage . — Stethoscope . 

The  most  complete  work  now  extant  in  oar  lan- 
guage.— N.  O.  Med.  Register. 

The  changes  are  too  numerous  to  admit  of  an  ex- 
tended notice  in  this  place.  At  ever)'  point  where 
the  recent  diligent  labors  of  organic  chemists  and 
micrograph©™  have  famished  interesting  and  valu- 
able facts,  they  have  been  appropriated,  and  no  pains 
have  been  spared,  in  so  incorporating  and  arranging 
them  that  the  work  may  constitute  one  harmonious 
system.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


The  best  text-book  in  the  language  on  this  e> 
tensive  subject — London  Med.  T teems. 

A  complete  cyclopaedia  of  this  branch  of  rn.it  err 
— N.  Y.  Med.  Times. 

The  standard  of  authority  on  physiological  sub- 
jects. •  •  *  In  the  present  edition,  to  partieabris 
the  alterations  and  additions  which  have  bees  na> 
would  require  a  review  of  the  whole  work.  siwe 
scarcely  a  subject  has  not  been  revised  and  alter**:. 
added  to,  or  entirely  remodelled  to  adapt  it  U>  '.*« 
present  state  of  the  science— Charleston  Med.  Jem. 

Any  reader  who  desires  a  treatise  on  p*ts&'vj 
may  feel  himself  entirely  safe  in  ordering  uus.— 
Western  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

From  this  hasty  and  imperfect  allusion  it  vfl1,  k 
seen  by  onr  Tenders  that  the  alteration*  and  &&!*- 
tiona  to  this  edition  render  it  almost  a  new  wet— 
and  we  can  assure  onr  readers  that  it  is  one  of  'Jt* 
best  summaries  of  the  existing  facts  of  phyakJof  .rz, 
science  within  the  reach  of  the  English  student  sal 
physician— AT.  Y.  Journal  m/MeeHcum* 

The  profession  of  this  country,  end  per  naps  she 
of  Europe,  have  anxiously  and  for  some  time  swains 
the  announcement  of  this  new  edition  of  Carpenter  i 
Human  Physiology.  His  former  editions  have  f  t 
many  years  been  almost  the  only  text-boos:  oa  Pfc?- 
siology  in  all  our  medical  schools,  and  itaeirc.ii- 
tion  among  the  profession  has  been  unsurpassed  15 
any  work  in  any  department  of  medical  numcr 

It  is  quite  unnecessary  for  n*  to  speak  of  usi 
work  ss  its  merits  would  justify.  The  mere  aa- 
nouncement  of  its  appearance  will  afford  the  hksest 
pleasure  to  every  student  of  Physiology,  wsik  >* 
perusal  will  be  of  infinite  service  ia  advur.u 
1  physiological  science.— Ohio  Med.emd  Smrg.  Jemm. 


BY  TBS  SAME  AUTHOR. 


New  American,  fra 
In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  ever 


(Nov  Ready.) 

PRINCIPLES  OP  COMPARATIVE  PHYSIOLOGY. 

the  Fourth  and  Revised  London  edition. 

three  hundred  beautiful  illustrations. 

The  delay  which  has  existed  in  the  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  caused  by  the  very  thorosxt 
revision  and  remodelling  which  it  has  uodergone  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  and  the  large  number 
of  new  illustrations  which  have  been  prepared  for  it.  It  will,  therefore,  be  found  almost  a  sew 
work,  and  fully  up  to  the  day  in  every  department  of  the  subject,  rendering  it  a  reliable  text-bout 
for  all  students  engaged  in  this  branch  of  science.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  render  its  tT»> 
graphical  finish  and  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  its  exalted  reputation,  and  credilabie  to  u* 
mechanical  arts  of  this  country.    A  few  notices  of  the  last  edition  are  appended. 

Without  pretending  to  it,  it  is  an  Encyclopedia  of 
the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all  respects— 
a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
the  science  has  now  arrived.— Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  truly  magnificent  work— in  itself  a  perfect  phy- 


CTitical,and  unprejudiced  view  of  those  tabors  sad 
of  combining  the  varied,  heterogeneous  ssssertsis  *z 
his  disposal,  so  as  to  form  an  faanaonioes  stock. 
We  feel  that  this  abstract  can  give  the  reader  a  tt*t 
imperfect  idea  of  the  falaess  of  this  work,  and  er 
idea  of  its  unity,  of  the  adssi  ruble  msnnsr  in  wtv»  1 
material  has  been  brought,  from  the  1 


uroes.  to  conduce  to  its  completeness,  of  the  lnc;d- 
itr  of  the  reasoning  it  contains,  or  of  the  eleararai 
or  language  in  which  the  whole  is  clothed.  No<  u* 
profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  lam- 
mnst  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  nui 
great  work.    It  mnst,  indeed,  add  hugely  « 


Biological  study.— Ranking' s  Abstract 

This  work  stands  without  its  fellow.  It  is  one 
few  men  in  Europe  could  have  undertaken;  it  iaone 
no  man,  we  believe,  could  have  brought  to  so  suc- 
cessful an  issue  as  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  requirsd  for 
its  production  a  physiologist  at  once  deeply  read  in 
the  labors  of  others,  capable  of  taking  a  general,    his  high  reputation.— Medical  5 

BT  the  8AB»  atjthor.    (Preparing.) 

THE  MICROSCOPE  AND  ITS  REVELATIONS.    In  one  handsome  vokw, 

beautifully  illustrated  with  plates  and  wood-cuts. 

bt  the  same  author.    (Preparing.) 
GENERAL  PHYSIOLOGY.    In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volant- 
with  several  hundred  illustrations. 

The  subject  of  general  physiology  having  been  omitted  in  the  last  edition  of  the  author's  u  Com- 
parative Physiology,"  he  has  undertaken  to  prepare  a  volume  which  shall  present  it  more  ''•- 
roughly  and  fully  than  has  yet  been  attempted,  and  which  may  be  regarded  as  an  introdnctwe  u* 
his  other  works. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM  B.>,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  8., 
Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  London. 

ELEMENTS  (OR  MANUAL)  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDING  PHYSIO- 

LOGICAL  ANATOMY.    Second  American,  from  a  new  and  revised  London  edition.    With 
one  hundred  and  ninety  illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume. 

In  publishing  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  its  title  was  altered  from  that  o!  the  London  volume, 
by  the  substitution  of  the  word  "Elements"  for  that  of  "  Manual,"  and  with  the  author's  sanction 
the  title  of  "  Elements"  is  still  retained  as  being  more  expressive  of  the  scone  of  the  treatise.  A 
comparison  of  the  present  edition  with  the  former  one  will  show  a  material  improvement,  the 
author  having  revised  it  thoroughly,  with  a  view  of  rendering  it  completely  on  a  level  with  the 
most  advanced  state  of  the  science.  By  condensing;  the  less  important  portions,  these  numerous 
additions  have  been  introduced  without  materially  increasing  the  bulk  of  the  volume,  and  while 
numerous  illustrations  have  been  added,  and  the  general  execution  of  the  work  improved,  it  has 
been  kept  at  its  former  very  moderate  price. 


To  say  that  it  is  the  best  manual  of  Physiology 
now  before;the  public,  woo  Id  not  do  sufficient  justice 
to  the  author*— Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

In  his  former  works  it  would  seem  that  he  had 
exhausted  the  subject  of  Physiology.  In  the  present, 
he  gives  the  essence,  as  it  were,  of  the  whole.— N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

Those  who  have  occasion  for  an  elementary  trea- 
tise on  Physiology,  cannot  do  better  than  to  possess 
themselves  of  the  manual  of  Dr.  Carpenter.— Medical 
Examiner. 


The  best  and  most  complete  expose*  of  modern 
Physiology,  in  one  volume,  extant  in  the  English 
language.— St.  Louis  Medical  Journal. 

With  such  an  aid  in  his  hand,  there  is  no  excuse 
for  the  ignorance  often  displayed  respecting  the  sub- 
jects of  which  it  treats.  From  its  unpretending;  di- 
mensions, it  may  not  be  so  esteemed  by  those  anxious 
to  make  a  parade  of  their  erudition ;  but  whoever 
masters  its  contents  will  have  reason  to  be  proud  of 
his  physiological  acquirements.  The  illustrations 
are  well  selected  and  finely  executed.— Dublin  Med. 
Press. 


BY  THB  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  THE  USE  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS  IN  HEALTH 

AND  DISEASE.    New  edition,  with  a  Preface  by  D.  F.  Conors,  M.  D.,  and  explanations  of 
scientifio  words.    In  one  neat  12mo.  volume.     (Note  Ready.) 

This  new  edition  has  been  prepared  with  a  view  to  an  extended  circulation  of  this  important  little 
work,  which  is  universally  recognized  as  the  best  exponent  of  the  laws  of  physiology  and  pathology 
applied  to  the  subject  of  intoxicating  liquors,  in  a  form  suited  both  for  the  profession  and  the  public. 
To  secure  a  wider  dissemination  of  its  doctrines  the  publishers  have  done  up  copies  in  flexible 
cloth,  suitable  for  mailing,  which  will  be  forwarded  through  the  post-office,  free,  on  receipt  of  fifty 
cents.    Societies  and  others  supplied  in  quantities  for  distribution  at  a  liberal  deduction. 


CHELIUS  (J.  M.),  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Heidelberg,  Ac. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY.  Translated  from  the  German,  and  accompanied 
with  additional  Notes  and  References,  by  John  F.  South.  Complete  in  three  very  large  octavo 
volumes,  of  nearly  2200  pages,  strongly  bound,  with  raised  bands  and  double  titles. 


We  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  the  best  and 
most  comprehensive  system  of  modern  surgery  with 
which  we  are  acquainted. — Medico- Chirurgical  Re- 
view. 

The  fnllest  and  ablest  digest  extant  of  all  that  re- 
lates to  the  present  advanced  state  of  surgical  pa- 
thology <— American  Medical  Journal. 

As  complete  as  any  system  of  Surgery  ean  well 
be. — Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


The  most  learned  and  complete  systematic  treatise 
now  extant. — Edinburgh  Medical  Journal. 

A  complete  encyclopaedia  of  surgical  science— a 
very  complete  surgical  library — by  far  the  most 
complete  and  soientiie  system  of  surgery  in  the 
English  language.— Jf.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

The  most  extensive  and  comprehensive  account  of 
the  art  and  science  of  Surgery  in  our  language— 
Lancet. 


CHRISTI80N  (ROBERT),  M.  D.,  V.  P.  R.  S.  E.f  &c. 
A  DISPENSATORY;  or.  Commentary  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  Great  Britain 

and  the  United  States;  comprising  the  Natural  History,  Description,, Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  Ac- 
tions, Uses,  and  Doses  of  the  Articles  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Second  edition,  revised  and  im- 
proved, with  a  Supplement  containing  the  most  important  New  .Remedies.  With  copious  Addi- 
tions, and  two  hundred  and  thirteen  large  wood-engravings.  By  K.  Eglkspkld  Griffith,  M.  D. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  1000  pages. 

There  is  not  in  any  language  a  more  complete  and 
perfect  Treatise.— N.  Y.  Annalist. 

In  conclusion,  we  need  scarcely  say  that  we 
strongly  recommend  this  work  to  all  classes  of  our 
readers.  As  a  Dispensatory  and  commentary  on  the 
Pharmaoopcsias,  it  is  unrivalled  in  the  English  or 


It  is  not  needful  that  we  should  compare  it  with 
the  other  pharmacopoeias  extant,  which  enjoy  and 
merit  the  confidence  of  the  profession :  it  is  enough 
to  say  that  it  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensa- 
tory) in  the  present  state  of  pharmaceutical  science, 
cou  Id  be  made.  If  it  omits  any  details  pertaining  to 
this  branch  of  knowledge  which  the  student  has  a 
right  to  expect  in  such  a  work,  we  confess  the  omis- 
sion has  escaped  our  scrutiny.  We.cordially  recom- 
mend this  work  to  such  of  oar  readers  as  are  in  need 
of  a.  Dispensatory.  They  cannot  make  choice  of  a 
betters-Western  Joum.  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


laoopcsias,  it  is  unrivalled  in  the  English  < 
any  other  language.— The  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 

We  earnestly  recommend  Dr.  Christison's  Dis- 
pensatory to  all  omt  readers,  as  an  indispensable 
companion,  not  in  the  Study  only  t  bat  in  the  Surgery 
also.— British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 


BLANCHARD  &  LBA'S  MEDICAL 


CONDIE  (D.  F.),  M.  D.,  fee. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  CHILDBEN.  Fcr: 

edition,  revised  and  augmented.  In  one  large  volume,  8vo.f  of  nearly  750  pages.  (J«*  Jr* 
From  tbs  Author's  Prepack. 

The  demand  for  another  edition  has  afforded  the  author  an  opportunity  of  again  tripes :' 
entire  treatise  to  a  careful  revision,  and  of  incorporating  in  it  every  important  ohserotion  ?  r- 
since  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition,  in  reference  to  the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  tkra 
diseases  of  which  it  treats. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition,  as  in  those  which  have  preceded,  while  the  at** 
appropriated  to  hia  use  every  important  fact  that  he  has  found  recorded  in  the  work?  of  .v 
having  a  direct  bearing  upon  either  of  the  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  and  the  muneiowra-- 
observations— pathological  as  well  as  practical — dispersed  throughout  the  pages  of  the  ad- 
journal* of  Europe  and  America,  he  has,  nevertheless,  relied  chiefly  upon  his  own  observ*'"- 
experience,  acquired  during  a  long  and  somewhat  extensive  practice,  and  under  cireomsis:** 
culiarly  well  adapted  for  the  clinical  study  of  the  diseases  of  early  life. 


endeavc 

logical 

imports  it  to  be,  a  fractical'trratise  on  tbs  diseases  of  children. 


Dr.  Condiers  scholarship,  acumen,  industry,  and 
practical  sense  are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his 
numerous  contributions  to  science. — Dr.  Holmes's 
Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Taken  ss  a  whole,  in  our  judgment.  Dr.  Condie's 
Treatise  is  the  one  from  the  perusal  of  which  the 
practitioner  in  this  country  will  rise  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction  —Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  works  upon  the  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren in  the  English  language.— Western  Lancet. 

Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  be- 
fore the  profession  of  the  United  States;  indeed,  we 
may  say  in  the  English  language.  It  is  vastly  supe- 
rior to  most  of  its  predecessors.— 2>cm*|r/tMm»a  Med. 
Journal. 


We  feel  assured  from  sotnal  exteriaw  »' 
physician's  library  can  be  complete  wita"** 
of  this  work.— N.  Y.  Journal  o/Meiieme. 

A  veritable  psadiatrfc  encyelapsjd1s,ssi«* 
to  American  medical  literature  ,-Ofc*  **«"• 
Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  Amerieu  asKi  * 
fession  will  soon  regard  it  not  only  ssirrrr- 
bnt  as  the  vrrt  best  "  Practical  Trawa  •■' 
Diseaass  of  Children.' '— America*  MeakstJ** 

We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  br »  * 
work  on  the  diseases  of  children  is  the  u  • 
language,  and,  notwithstanding  all  tfat:  ::> ' 

Sublished,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  tissu-*^- 
Examiner. 


COOPER  (BRANSBY  B.),  F.  R.  S., 
Senior  Surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital,  ate. 

LECTURES  ON  THE  PRINCIPLES  AtfD  PRACTICE  OP  SDB02 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  750  pages.    (Lately  Utuad.) 

For  twenty-five  years  Mr.  Bransoy  Cooper  has 
been  surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital \  and  the  volume 


before  us  may  be  said  to  consist  of  an  accoent  of 
the  results  of  his  surgical  experience  during  that 
long  period .   W  e  cordiall  y  recommend  Mr.  Bransby 


Cooper's  Lectures  ss  a  most  vslosMs  *  • 

our  surgical  literature,  and  one  wkies  ens* 

to  be  of  service  both  to  studencs  sad  »  w* 

are  actively  eagaged  in  tbs  practice  af  laar  P^ 

sion<— T*«  Lancet. 


COOPER  (SIR  ASTLEY  P.),  F.  R.  3.,  Ac. 
A  TREATISE  ON  DISLOCATIONS  AND  FRACTURES  OFTHEJOltf 

Edited  by  Bransby  B.  Cooper,  F.  R.  S.,  6rc.    With  addftional  Observations  by  rV 
Warren.    A  new  American  edition.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  m 


tions  on  wood. 


BT  THE  SAMS  AUTHOR. 


ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  TREATMENT  OF  ABDOMINAL  HHB 

Ope  large  volume,  imperial  8vo.,  with  over  130  lithographic  figures. 


BT  THB  SAKE  AUTHOR. 


ON  THE  STRUCTURE  AND  DISEASES  OF  THB  TESTIS,  AS11 

THE  THYMUS  GLAND.    Ob*  vol.  imperial  grow,  wki  177%uree,  on»  pk«t. 


BT  THR  SAME  AUTBOaV 


ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  DISEASES  OF  THE  BREAST,  ijfjg 

five  Miscellaneous  and  Surgical  Papers.    One  large  volume,  imperial  oYo.,  with  232  «*» 


These  last  three  volumes  oomplete  the  surgical  writing*  of  Sir  Aetley  Coopsr.  WJsi 
handsomely  printed,  with  a  kwge  number  of  lithographic  pietee,  executed  mta»h»**T* 
presented  at  aaceengty  low  prieea. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A. 
ON  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MIDWIFERY.  A  new  American, 

|       from  the  last  and  improved  English  edition.    Edited,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D.  Francis 
I        Condik,  M.  D.,  author  of  a  "Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.    With  139 
illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  pp.  510.    (Lately  Issued.) 

To  bestow  praise  on  a  book  that  has  received  soeh 
marked  approbal 


ition  would  be  super fiuous.  We  need 
only  say" therefore,  that  if  the  first  edition  was 
thought  worthy  of  a  favorable  reception  by  the 
medical  public,  we  can  confidently  affirm  that  this 
will  be  found  much  more  so.  The  lecturer,  the 
practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have  recourse 
to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  in- 
terest and  instruction  in  everything' relating  to  theo- 
retical and  practical  midwifery.— Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  work  of  very  great  merit,  and  soeh  as  we  can 

confidently  recommend  to  the  study  of  every  obste- 
tric practitioner.-— London  Medical  Qaxette. 

This  is  certainly  the  most  perfect  system  extant. 
It  is  the  best  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  text- 
book, and  that  which  he  whose  necessities  confine 
him  to  one  book,  should  select  in  preference  to  all 
others.— Soarftor*  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  popular  work  on  midwifery  sver  issued 
from  the  American  press. — Charleston  Med.  Journal . 

Were  we  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  having  but 
one  work  on  midwifery,  and  permitted  to  choose, 
we  would  unhesitatingly  take  Churchill.— Western 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  a  more  useful  and 
elegant  manual  than  Dr.  Churchill's  Practice  of 
Midwifery.— Provincial  Medical  Journal. 

Certainly,  in  oar  opinion,  the  very  best  work  on 
the  swbject  which  exists.— AT.  Y.  Annalist. 


No  work  holds  a  higher  position,  or  is  more  de- 
serving of  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  tyro, 
the  advanced  student,  or  the  practitioner. — Medical 
Examiner. 

Previous  editions,  under  the  editorial  supervision 
of  Prof  R.  M.  Huston,  have  been  received  with 
marked  favor,  and  they  deserved  it;  but  this,  re- 
printed from  a  very  late  Dublin  edition,  carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  by  the  author  to  the  present 
time,  does  present  an  unusually  accurate  and  able 
exposition  of  every  important  particular  embraced 
in  the  department  of  midwifery.  *  *  The  clearness, 
directness,  and  precision  of  its  teachings,  together 
with  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research  which 
its  text  exhibits,  have  served  to  place  it  already  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  re- 
medial science.— AT.  O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

In  oar  opinion,  it  forms  one  of  the  best  if  not  the 
very  best  text-book  and  epitome  of  obstetric  science 
which  we  at  present  possess  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

The  clearness  and  precision  of  style  in  which  it  is 
written,  and  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research 
which  it  contains,  have  served  to  place  it  in  the  first 
Tank  of  works  in  this  departraentof  medical  science. 
-N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Few  treatises  will  be  found  better  adapted  as  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  or  as  a  manual  for  the 
frequent  consultation  of  the  young  practitioner.— 
American  Medical  Journal. 


VI  TBB  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANTS  AND  CHILDREN. 

handsome  volume  of  over  600  pages. 


In  one  large  and 


We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims 
to  completeness  than  any  other  of  the  kind  with 
which  we  are  acquainted.    Most  cordially  and  earn- 
estly* therefore,  do  wo  commend  it  to  our  profession- 
al brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  of 
•    their  approbation  will  in  due  time  be  impressed  upon 
i    it.     After  an  attentive  perusal  of  its  contents,  we 
\    hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  com- 
I    prchensive  ever  written  upon  the  diseases  of  chil- 
dren, and  that,  for  copiousness  of  reference,  extent  of 
research,  and  perspicuity  of  detail,  it  is  scarcely  to 
be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  excelled,  in  any  Ian- 
guage.— Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


After  this  meagre,  and  we  know,  very  imperfect 
notice  of  Dr.  Churchiirs  work,  we  shall  conclude 
by  saying,  thnt  it  is  one  that  cannot  fail  from  its  co- 
piousness, extensive  research,  and  general  accuracy, 
to  exalt  still  higher  the  reputation  of  the  author  in 
this  country.  The  American  reader  will  be  particu- 
larly pleased  to  find  that  Dr.  Churchill  has  done  full 
justice  throughout  his  work  to  the  various  American 
authors  on  this  subject.  The  names  of  Dewees, 
Eberle,  Con  die,  and  Stewart,  occur  on  nearly  every 
page,  and  these  authors  are  constantly  referred  to  by 
the  author  in  terms  of  the  highest  praise,  and  with 
the  most  liberal  courtesy. — The  Medical  Examiner. 


The  present  volume  will  sustain  the  reputation 
acquired  by  the  author  from  his  previous  works. 
The  reader  will  find  in  it  full  and  judicious  direc- 
tions for  the  management  of  infants  at  birth,  and  a 
compendious,  but  clear  account  of  the  diseases  to 
which  children  are  liable,  and  the  most  successful 
mode  of  treating  them.  We  must  not  close  this  no- 
tice without  calling  attention  to  the  author's  style, 
which  is  perspicuous  and  polished  to  a  degree,  we 
regret  to  say,  not  generally  characteristic  of  medical 
works,  we  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill 
most  cordially,  both  to  students  and  practitioners, 
ns  a  valuable  and  reliable  guide  in  the  treatment  of 
the  diseases  of  children. — Am.  Journ.  of  the  Med. 
Sciences. 

We  know  of  no  work  on  this  department  of  Prac- 
tical Medicine  which  presents  so  candid  and  unpre- 
judiced a  statement  or  posting  up  of  our  actual 
knowledge  as  this. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Its  claims  to  merit  both  as  a  scientific  and  practi- 
cal work,  are  of  the  highest  order.  Whilst  we 
would  not  elevate  it  above  every  other  treatise  on 
the  same  subject,  we  certainly  believe  that  very  few 
are  equal  to  it,  and  none  superior.— Southern  Med. 
and  Surgical  Journal. 


BY  THV  SAME  AUTHOR. 


ESSAYS  ON  THE  PUERPERAL  FEVER,  AND  OTHER  DISEASES  PE- 
CULIAR TO  WOMEN.  Selected  from  the  writings  of  British  Authors  previous  to  the  close  of 
the  Eighteenth  Century.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  pages. 


To  these  papers  Dr.  Churchill  has  appended  notes, 
embodying  whatever  information  has  been  laid  be- 
fore the  profession  since  their  authors'  time.  He  has 
also  prefixed  to  the  Essays  on  Puerperal  Fever, 
which  occupy  the  larger  portion  of  the  volume,  an 
interesting  historical  sketch  of  the  principal  epi- 


demics of  that  disease.  The  whole  forms  a  very 
valuable  collection  of  papers,  by  professional  writers 
of  eminence,  on  some  of  the  most  lmportantnocidents 
to  which  the  puerperal  female  is  liable.— Anwrtcau 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences. 


10 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),   M.  D.f  M.  R.  I.  A.,   Ac. 
ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN;  including  those  of  Pregnancy  and  CL* 

bed.  A  new  American  edition,  revised  by  the  Author.  With  Notes  and  Addition*,  br  r  Fu«- 
cis  Condik,  M.  D.,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Disease*  of  Children."  In  ^ce  -jt- 
and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  wood-cuts,  pp.  684.    (Just  Issued.) 

Pram  the  Author's  Preface. 
In  reviewing  this  edition,  at  the  request  of  my  American  publishers,  I  have  inserted  »nn.  >▼ 
sections  and  chapters,  and  I  have  added,  I  believe,  all  the  information  we  hare  derived  tr.-e  ■*■-. 
researches ;  in  addition  to  which  the  publishers  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  *—  r- 
of  an  able  and  highly  esteemed  editor  in  Dr.  Condie. 


We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's 
book.  Had  our  typographical  limits  permitted,  we 
should  gladly  have  borrowed  more  from  its  richly 
stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  recom- 
mend it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same 
time  express  our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only 
add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author,  but  will  prove  a 
work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to  obstetric 
practitioners. — Dublin  Medical  Frets. 

Former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  notieed  in 
previous  numbers  of  the  Journal.  The  sentiments  nf 
Ligh  commendation  expressed  in  those  notices,  have 
only  to  be  repeated  in  this;  not  from  the  fact  that 
the  profession  at  large  are  not  aware  of  the  high 
merits  which  this  work  really  possesses,  but  from  a 
desire  to  see  the  principles  and  doctrines  therein 
contained  more  generally  recognized,  and  more  uni- 
versally carried  out  in  practice. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Meditins. 

We  know  of  no  author  who  deserves  that  appro- 
bation, on  u  the  diseases  of  females,"  to  the  same 
extent  that  Dr.  Churchill  does.  His,  indeed,  is  the 
only  thorough  treatise  we  know  of  on  the  subject; 
and  it  may  be  commended  to  practitioners  and  stu- 
dents as  a  masterpiece  in  its  particular  department. 
The  former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  com- 
mended strongly  in  this  journal,  and  they  have  won 
their  way  to  an  extended,  and  a  well-deserved  popu- 


larity. This  fifth  edition,  before  ma-  is  w_  --  .• 
la  ted  to  maintain  Dr.  CborehilTa  nigs  r-.rr.  - 
It  was  revised  and  enlarged  by  tbe  tbi  : 
American  publishers,  and  it  seems  to  as  *:  x:  *  » - 
scarcely  any  species  of  desirable  iaJocrr^:,  a  - 
subjects  that  may  not  be  found  in  th:i  r  rt— !** 
Wester*  Journal  of  Mtdicimt  mmd  r 


We  are  gratified  to  announce  a  srw  ari  — -  j* 
edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  valuable  work    -•-    - 
eases  of  females     We  have  ever  rerarv^  .* 
of  the  very  best  works  on  tbe  aahjecu  --  -- 
within  its  scope,  in  the  Esaiish  Lanmrr    ~    " 
present  edition,  enlarged  and  revised  bV  **-  a . 
renders  it  still  more  entitled  to  the  txmbc  — 

Crofession.    The  valuable  notes  of  Pr<    I  • 
ave  been  retained,  and  contribute,  is  b-<  i= 
gree,  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work 
source  of  congratulation   that   the  pab..»^m  u* 
permitted  the  author  to  be,  ia    tats  u:  **-;-»    • 
own  editor,  thus  securing  all   the  rent  *  ? 
an  author  alone  is  capable  of  making. — T*  T  --» 
Lancet. 

An  comprehensive  mannal  for  stadVats.  •" 
work  of  reference  for  practitioners,  we  oe..  r-t 
with  common  justice  when  we  nay  that  us.  .*: 
any  other  that  has  ever  issued  oa  the  a»r« *.  - 
ject  from  the  British  press. — The  DnUtn  Q*c-i 
Journal, 


DEWEES  (W.    P.),  M.D.,   &c. 
A  COMPREHENSIVE   SYSTEM  OF  MIDWIFERY.     Illustrated  by  ** 

sional  Cases  and  many  Engravings.    Twelfth  edition,  with  the  Author's  last  JjnproTenWs^  ~- 
Corrections.    In  one  octavo  volume,  of  600  pages.    (Just  Issued.) 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSICAL  AND  MEDICAL  TREATMENT  it 

CHILDREN.    Tenth  edition.    In  one  volume,  octavo,  548  pages.    (Just  Issued.) 

BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  FEMALES. 

one  volume,  octavo,  532  pages,  with  plates.     (Just  Issued*) 


Tenth   edition. 


DICKSON  (3.    H.)9   M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina ;  late  Ft-' 
of  tbe  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  Ac.  Ajc 

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;  A  Treatise  on  Pathology  and  Therapeutics. 

one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume.  (Preparing.) 


DANA  (JAMES   D). 

ZOOPHYTES  AND  CORALS.    In  one  volume,  imperial  quarto,  exta  cl.- 
with  wood-cuts. 

ALSO, 

AN  ATLAS  TO  THE  ABOVE,  one  volume,  imperial  folio,  with  sixty-one  z? 

nificeot  plates,  colored  after  nature.    Bound  in  half  moroooo. 

ALSO, 

ON    THE    STRUCTURE    AND    CLASSIFICATION    OF    ZOOPHYTE 

Sold  separate,  one  vol.,  cloth. 


DE   LA   BECHE  (SIR   HENRY   T.),  F.  R.  S.f  Ac. 

THE  GEOLOGICAL  OBSERVER.    In  one  very  large  and  handsome  «V 
volume,  of  700  pages.    With  over  three  hundred  wood-cuts.    (Lately  Issued.) 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


11 


DRUITT  (ROBERT),  M.R.  C.  8.,  Sec. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MODERN  SURGERY.    A  new 

American,  from  the  improved  London  edition.  Edited  by  F.  W.  Sakgvnt,  M.  D.,  author  of 
"  Minor  Surgery,"  &c.  Illustrated  with  one  hundred  and"  ninety-three  wood-engravings.  In 
one  very  handsomely  printed  octavo  volume,  of  576  large  pages. 


Dr.  Druitt's  researches  into  the  literature  of  bit 
subject  have  been  not  only  extensive,  but  well  di- 
rected ;  the  most  discordant  authors  are  fairly  and 
impartially  quoted,  end,  while  doe  credit  is  given 
to  each,  their  respective  merits  are  weighed  with 
an  unprejudiced  hand.  The  grain  of  wheat  is  pre- 
served, and  the  chaff  is  unmercifully  stripped  off. 
The  arrangement  is  simple  and  philosophical,  and 
the  style,  though  clear  and  interesting  t  is  so  precise, 
that  the  book  contains  more  information  condensed 
into  a  few  words  than  any  other  surgical  work  with 
which  we  are  acquainted. — London  Medical  Timet 
and  Gazette,  February  18, 1854. 

No  work,  in  onr  opinion,  equals  it  in  presenting 
so  much  valuable  surgical  matter  in  so  small  a 
compass.— Si.  Louis  Mid,  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Draitt's  Surgery  is  too  well  known  to  the  Ameri- 
can medical  profession  to  require  its  announcement 
anywhere.  Probably  no  work  of  the  kind  has  ever 
been  more  cordially  received  and  extensively  circu- 
lated than  this.  The  fact  that  it  comprehends  in  a 
comparatively  small  compass,  all  the  essential  ele- 
ments of  theoretical  and  practical  Surgery — that  it 
is  found  to  contain  reliable  and  authentic  informa- 
tion on  the  nature  and  treatment  of  nearly  all  surgi- 
cal affections— is  a  sufficient  reason  for  the  liberal 
patronage  it  has  obtained.  The  editor,  Dr.  P.  W. 
Sargent,  has  contributed  much  to  enhanoe  the  value 
of  the  work,  by  such  American  improvements  as  are 
calculated  more  perfectly  to  adapt  it  to  our  own 
views  and  practice  in  this  country.  It  abounds 
everywhere  with  spirited  and  life-like  illustrations, 
which  to  the  young  surgeon,  especially,  are  of  no 
minor  consideration.  Every  medical  man  frequently 
needs  just  such  a  work  as  this,  for  immediate  refe- 
rence in  moments  of  sudden  emergency,  when  he  has 
not  time  to  consult  more  elaborate  treatises.— The 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  author  has  evidently  ransacked  every  stand- 
ard treatise  of  ancient  and  modern  times,  and  all  that 


is  really  practically  useful  at  the  bedside  will  be 
found  in  a  form  at  once  clear,  distinct,  and  interest- 
ing.— Edinburgh  Monthly  Medical  Journal. 

Druitt's  work,  condensed,  systematic,  lucid,  and 
practical  as  it  is,  beyond  most  works  on  Surgery 
accessible  to  the  American  student,  hits  had  much 
currency  In  this  country,  and  under  its  present  au- 
spices promises  to  rise  to  yet  higher  favor.— Tas 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  most  accurate  and  ample  resume  of  the  pre- 
sent state  of  Surgery  that  we  are  acquainted  with. — 
Dublin  Medical  Journal. 

A  better  book  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
Surgery  as  now  understood  in  England  and  America, 
has  not  been  given  to  the  profession.— Boston  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  Sur- 
gical, but  of  Medical  Practice. — London  Medical 
Gazette. 

This  work  merits  our  warmest  commendations, 
and  we  strongly  recommend  it  to  young  surgeons  as 
an  admirable  digest  of  the  principles  and  practice  of 
modern  Surgery. — Medical  Gazette. 

It  may  be  said  with  truth  that  the  work  of  Mr. 
Druitt  affords  a  complete,  though  brief  and  con- 
densed view,  of  the  entire  field  of  modern  surgery. 
We  know  of  no  work  on  the  same  subject  having  the 
appearance  of  a  msnual,  which  includes  so  many 
topics  of  interest  to  the  surgeon  ;  and  the  terse  man- 
ner in  which  each  has  been  treated  evinces  a  most 
enviable  quality  of  mind  on  the  part  of  the  author, 
who  seems  to  nave  an  innate  power  of  searching 
out  and  grasping  the  leading  facts  and  features  of 
the  most  elaborate  productions  of  the  pen.  It  is  a 
useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should 
deem  a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not 
recommend  it  to  his  pupils.  In  our  own  opinion,  it 
is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student.— 
Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


DUISfeLISON,   FORBES,  TWEEDIE,  AND  CONOLLY. 

THE  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE:  comprising  Treatises  on 
the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  Materia  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c.  &c.  In  four  large  super  royal  octavo  volumes,  of 
3254  double-columned  pages,  strongly  and  handsomely  bound. 

***  This  work  contains  no  less  than  four  hundred  and  eighteen  distinct  treatises,  contributed  by 
sixty-eight  distinguished  physicians. 

unquestionably  one  of  very  great  value  to  the  prac- 
titioner. This  estimate  of  it  has  not  been  formed 
from  a  hasty  examination,  but  after  an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance derived  from  frequent  consultation  of  it 
during  the  past  nine  or  ten  years.  The  editors  are 
practitioners  of  established  reputation,  and  the  list 
of  contributors  embraces  many  of  the  most  eminent 
professors  and  teachers  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
lin, and  Glasgow.  It  is,  indeed,  the  great  merit  of 
this  work  that  the  principal  articles  have  been  fur- 
nished by  practitioners  who  have  not  only  devoted 
especial  attention  to  the  diseases  about  which  they 
have  written,  but  have  also  enjoyed  opportunities 
for  an  extensive  practical  acquaintance  with  them, 
and  whose  reputation  carries  the  assurance  of  their 
competency  justly  to  appreciate  the  opinions  of 
others,  while  it  stamps  their  own  doctrines  with 
high  and  just  authority  ^-American  Medical  Joum. 


The  most  complete  work  on  Practical  Medicine 
extant  j  or,  at  least,  in  our  language.— Buffalo 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

For  reference,  it  is  above  all  price  to  every  prac- 
titioner.— Western  Lancet. 

One  ot  the  most  valuable  medical  publications  of 
the  day— as  a  work  of  reference  it  is  invaluable.— 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

It  has  been  to  ns,  both  as  learner  and  teacher,  a 
work  for  ready  and  frequent  reference,  one  In  which 
modern  English  medicine  is  exhibited  in  the  most 
advantageous  light. — Medical  Examiner. 

We  rejoice  that  this  work  is  to  be  placed  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession  in  this  country,  it  being 


DUNGLISON   (ROBLEY),   M.  D.v 
Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  C  ollege,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN  HEALTH;  or,  the  Influence  of  Atmosphere  and  Locality,  Gbange  of 
Air  and  Climate,  Seasons,  Food,  Clothing,  Bathing,  Exercise,  Sleep,  &c.  &c.,  on  Healthy  Man ; 
constituting  Elements  of  Hygiene*  Second  edition,  with  many  modifications  and  additions.  In 
one  octavo  volume,  of  464  pages. 


12 


BLANCHARD  &   LEA»S   MEDICAL 


DUNQLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

MEDICAL  LEXICON;  a  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science,  containing  a  cow» 

Explanation  of  the  various  Subjects  and  Terms  of  Physiology,  Pathology,  Hygiene,  Tberapeotta, 
Pharmacology,  Obstetrics,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c  With  the  French  ana  other  SynooyBs?-; 
Notices  of  Climate  and  of  celebrated  Mineral  Waters;  Formulas  for  various  Officinal,  Empeio- 
and  Dietetic  Preparation:*,  etc.  Eleventh  edition,  revised.  In  ooe  very  ibick  octavo  vounat  < 
over  nine  hundred  large  double-columned  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bat 
{Just  Issued.) 

Every  successive  edition  of  this  work  bears  the  marks  of  the  industry  of  the  author,  aBcVL's 
determination  to  keep  it  fully  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced  stale  of  medical  science.  Tan 
nearly  fifteen  thousand  words  have  been  added  to  it  within  the  last  few  vear«>.  Asa  cocprt 
Medical  Dictionary,  therefore,  embracing  over  FIFTY  THOUSAND  DEFINITIONS,  m  aii  t« 
branches  of  the  science,  it  is  presented  as  meriting  a  continuance  of  the  great  favor  and  pcpoisn? 
which  have  carried  it,  within  no  very  long  space  of  time,  to  an  eleventh  edition. 

Every  precaution  has  been  taken  in  the  preparation  of  the  present  volume,  to  reader  Us  skcs* 
nical  execution  and  typographical  accuracy  worthy  of  its  extended  reputation  and  iiniver**  «t 
The  very  extensive  additions  have  been  accommodated,  without  materially  increasing  the  b&£  t 
the  volume  by  the  employment  of  a  small  bat  exceedingly  clear  type,  east  for  this  purport.  Ta 
press  has  been  watched  with  great  care,  and  every  effort  used  to  insure  the  verbal  accuracy*^ 
ceseary  to  a  work  of  this  nature.  The  whole  is  printed  on  fine  white  paper ;  and,  while  thus  ab- 
biting  in  every  respect  so  great  an  improvement  over  former  issues,  it  is  presented  at  the  orgva. 
exceedingly  low  price. 


We  welcome  it  cordially;  it  is  an  admirable  work, 
and  indispensable  to  all  literary  medical  men.  The 
labor  which  has  been  bestowefl  upon  it  is  something 
prodigious.  The  work,  however,  has  now  been 
done,  and  we  are  happy  in  the  thought  that  no  hu- 
man being  will  have  again  to  undertake  the  same 
gigantic  tank.  Revised  and  corrected  from  time  to 
time,  Or.  Dunglison'a''  Medical  Lexicon"  will  last 
for  centuries. — British  and  Foreign  Med.  Chirurg. 
Review,  July,  1853. 

The  fact  that  this  exeellent  and  learned  work  hna 
passed  through  eight  editions,  and  that  a  ninth  is 
rendered  necessary  by  the  demands  of  the  public, 
affords  a  sufficient  evidence  of  the  general  apprecia- 
tion of  Dr.  Dunglison's  labors  by  the  medical  pro- 
fession in  England  and  America.  It  is  a  book  which 
will  be  of  great  service  to  the  student,  in  teaching 
him  the  meaning  of  all  the  technical  terms  used  in 
medicine,  and  will  be  of  no  less  ose  to  the  practi- 
tioner who  desires  to  keep  himself  on  a  level  with 
the  advance  of  medical  science.— London  Medical 
Times  and  Onxette. 

In  taking  leave  of  our  author,  we  feel  compelled 
to  confess  that  his  work  bears  evidence  of  almost 
incredible  labor  having  been  bestowed  upon  its  com- 
position.—  Edinburgh  Journal  of  Med.  Sciences. 
Sept.  1S53. 


valuable  work,  we  directed  the  attention  ef  *r 
readers  to  its  peculiar  merit* ;  aad  we  sets  *■ 
little  more  than  state,  in  reference  to  the  prw* 
reissue,  that,  notwithstanding  the  large  add*  -■ 
previously  made  to  it,  no  fewer  than  foer  u»i- 
sand  terms,  not  to  be  found  in  the  preeesjsf  (ft- 
tion,  are  contained  in  the  ▼olome  bWere  «•- 
Whilst  it  is  a  wonderful  monument  of  its  siuwm 
erudition  and  industry,  it  is  also  a  work  of  ft* 
practical  utility,  as  we  can  teetify  from  oar  ***■ 
experience;  for  we  keep  it  eonatantlr  widus  *r 
reach,  and  make  very  frequent  rcJereaee  t-1  i 
nearly  always  finding  in  it  the  in  format  k»a  wtuA 
—British  and  Foreign  Med.-Chimrg.  Review. 

It  has  the  rare  merit  that  it  certainly  has  sera- 
in  the  English  language  for  accuracy  sad  a** 
ot  references.  The  terms  generally  iaelaee  us- 
physiological  and  pathological  deaeripuoas.  s» u. 
as  the  author  Justly  observe*,  the  reader  o\«s  »< 
possess  in  this  work  a  mere  dictionary,  hot  a  '»'«• 
which,  while  it  instructs  him  in  medical  erru- 
logy,  furnishes  him  with  a  large  amoaat e/ skc 
information.  The  author's  labors  have  been  '," 
periy  appreciated  by  his  own  country  dm*  ;  u:  *? 
can  only  confirm  their  judgment,  by  reecesrn'tt 
this  most  useful  volume  to  th*>  aotiee  of  tmrrit- 
lantic  readers.  No  medical  library  wQl  be  ct*v<f* 
without  it,.— London  Med.  Guxmiie. 


It  is  eertainly  more  complete  and 


A  miracle  of  labor  and  industry  in  one  who  has 

^*^V>ll5?di^?,ni"ailinS0rltiOBi,l7rIrCTery  thun  any  with' which  we  are  acnoaiated  is  -* 
branch  of  medical  science.  There  could  be  no  more  E  Iish  languaf,e.  p€W  in  fact/couW  be  i** 
useful  book  to  the  student  or  practitioner,  in  the  bet*er  „nBhfi*d  {„an  Dr.  fcungliaon  for  the  pss** 
nresenl  advnncmg  age,  than  one  in  which  would  be  i  tiM  0{  mow  A  work  Learned  isdnstrioms.  P<"- 
found,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  meaning  and  deri- I  Uon  •  MC*-.m  worV  Vcarne«»  ™°**nor:JV 
vat'on  of  medical  terms— so  many  of  which  are  of 
modern  introduction — concise  descriptions  of  their 


explanation  and  employment;  and  nil  this  and  much 
more  is  contained  in  the  volume  before  us.    It  is 


severing,  and  accurate,  he  bring*  to  tke  tut  ' 
the  peculiar  talents  necessary  Tor  its  SBcreac1- 
performance;  while,  at  the  name  time,  kii  a*' 


liarity  with  the  writings  of  the  ancient  asd  snf 
"  masters  of  our  art.1'  renders  him  skilfal  t 


therefore  almost  as  indispensable  to  the  other  learned 
professions  as  to  our  own.    In  fact,  to  all  who  may 

We  occasion  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  any  word    JJ^  hM^nde'r^e^wiS"  the  change  ef 
belonging  to  the  many  branches  of  medtcme.    Prom    _*__  z; :  titm  nTn~r*mm  nf  imnrni>nu«i       i. 
a  care8ful«nminationofthe  present  edition,  we  can    r,e8  or  the  P^resa  of  improvement,-^ 
vouch  for  its  accuracy,  and  for  its  being  brought 
quite  up  to  the  date  of  publication  ;  the  author  states 
in  his  preface  that  he  has  added  to  it  about  four  thou- 
sand terms,  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  prece- 
ding one.  —  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences. 
On  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition  of  this 


masters  of  our  art,"  readers  him  skilful  v  »  * 
the  exact  usage  of  the  several  terms  of  se*r* 
and  the  various  modification*  which  1 

"  Uft> 

progress  of  improv 
Journal  of  the  Malical  Sciences. 

One  rtf  the  most  complete  and  eopioas  fcsevifc 
the  cultivators  of  medical  science^— Batten  *■* 
Journal. 


Journal, 


BY  THS  SAMS  ▲UTROS- 


The  most  comprehensive  and  beat  E«Hs!>  t-> 
tionnry  of  medical,  terms  extant. — Bufmle  3k*  * 


THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.    A  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and  TV 

rapeutics.    Third  Edition.    In  two  largo  octavo  volumes,  of  fifteen  hundred  pages. 

Upon  every  topic  embraced  in  the  work  the  latest 
information  will  be  found  carefully  posted  up. — 
Medical  Examiner. 

The  student  of  medicine  will  find,  in  these  two 


elegant  volumes,  a  mine  of  facts,  a  gathering  of 
precepts  and  advice  from  the  world  of  experience, 
that  will  nerve  him  with  courage,  and  faithfully 


ferings  of  the  race.— i?oj<o»  Medicnl  amd  Ssf -* 

Journal. 

It  is  certainly  the  moat  complete  treatise  of  wt  "■ 
we  have  any  knowledge—  Western,  Xmrnmed  e/J»* 
cine  and  Surgery. 

One  of  the  moat  elaborate  treatise*  mC  the  fc* 


direct  him  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the  physical  suf-  >  we  have.— Southern  Med,  and  Smuuj.  Je* 


AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


13 


DUNGLISON   (ROBLEY),   M.  D., 
Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN    PHYSIOLOGY.     Seventh  edition.     Thoroughly  revised   and  exten- 
sively modified  and  enlarged,  with  nearly  five  hundred  illustrations.    In  two  large  and  hand- 
somely printed  octavo  volumes,  containing  nearly  1450  pages. 
It  hae  long  sinee  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  medi- 
cal classics  of  our  language.    To  say  that  it  is  by 
fur  the  best  text-book  of  physiology  ever  published 
in  this  country,  is  but  echoing  the  general  testi 


Physiology  in  the  English  language,  and  is  highly 
creditable  to  the  author  sad  publishers*-- Canadian 
Medical  Journal. 

The  most  complete  nnd  satisfactory  system  of 
Physiology  fa  the  English  language. — Amer.  Med. 
Journal. 

The  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.—5til«man'#  Journal. 

The  moat  full  and  complete  system  of  Physiology 
in  oar  language. — Western  Lancet. 


mooy  of  the  profession.-— AT.  IT.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

There  is  no  single  book  we  would  recommend  to 
the  student  or  physician,  with  greater  confidence 
than  the  present,  because  in  it  will  be  found  a  mir- 
ror of  almost  every  standard  physiological  work  of 
the  day.  We  most  cordially  recommend  the  work 
to  every  member  of  the  profession,  and  no  student 
should  be  without  it.    It  ia  the  completest  work  on 

BY  THE   SAKE  AUTHOR.      (Just  IstUtd.) 

GENERAL   THERAPEUTICS    AND    MATERIA  MEDIC  A;  adapted  for  a 

Medical  Text-book.  Fifth  edition,  much  improved.  With  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  illus- 
trations. In  two  large  and  handsomely  printed  octavo  vols.,  of  about  1100  pages. 
The  new  editions  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  and  those  of  London  and  Dublin,  hare  ren- 
dered necessary  a  thorough  revision  of  this  work.  In  accomplishing  this  the  author  has  spared  no 
pains  in  rendering  it  a  complete  exponent  of  all  that  is  new  and  reliable,  both  in  the  departments 
of  Therapeutics  and  Muteria  Medica.  The  book  has  thus  been  somewhat  enlarged,  and  a  like  im- 
provement will  be  found  in  every  department  of  its  mechanical  execution.  As  a  convenient  text- 
book for  the  student,  therefore,  containing  within  a  moderate  compass  a  satisfactory  resume  of  its 
important  subject,  it  is  again  presented  as  even  more  worthy  than  heretofore  of  the  very  great  favor 
which  it  has  received. 

In  this  work  of  Dr.  Dunglioon,  we  recognize  the  '  As  a  text-book  for  students,  for  whom  it  is  par- 
same  tontiring  industry  in  the  collection  and  em-  ,  tieularly  designed,  we  know  of  none  superior  to 
bodying  of  facts  on  the  several  subjects  of  which  he  j  it. — St.  Louis  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

It  purports  to  be  a  new  edition,  but  it  is  rather 
a  new  book,  so  greatly  has  it  been  improved,  both 
in  the  amount  and  quality  of  the  matter  which  k 
contains.— JV.  O.  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

We  bespeak  for  this  edition,  from  the  profession, 
sn  increase  of  patronage  over  any  of  its  former 
'  "  reason  i 


treats,  that  has  heretofore  distinguished  him,  and 
we  cheerfully  point  to  these  volumes,  as  two  of  the 
most  interesting  that  we  know  of.  In  noticing  the 
additions  to  this,  the  fourth  edition,  there  ia  very 
little  in  the  periodical  or  annual  literature  of  the 
profession,  published  in  the  interval  which  haa 
elapsed  since  the  issue  of  the  first,  that  has  escaped 
the  careful  search  of  the  author.  As  a  book  for 
reference,  it  is  invaluable.— Charleston  Med.  Jour* 
nal  and  Review. 


ones,  on  account  of  its  inei 
Journal  of  Medicine, 


merit.— N.  Y. 


It  may  be  said  to  be  the  work  now  upon  the  sub-       We  consider  this  work  unequalled.—- Boston  Mod . 
Jecta  upon  which  it  treats.— Western  Lancet.  >  and  Surg.  Journal. 

BY  THR  SAMS  AUTHOR. 

NEW  REMEDIES,  WITH  FORMULA  FOR  THEIR  ADMINISTRATION. 

Sixth  edition,  with  extensive  Additions,    la  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  over  750  pages. 
One  of  the  most  useful  of  the  author's  works.—    diseases  nnd  for  remedies,  will  be  found  greatly  to 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  enhance  Its  value.— New  York  Med.  Gazette. 


This  well-known  and  standard  book  has  now 
reached  its  sixth  edition,  and  has  been  enlarged  and 
improved  by  the  introduction  of  all  the  recent  gifts 
to  therapeutics  which  the  last  few  years  have  so 
richly  produced,  including  the  anesthetic  agents, 
&c.  This  elaborate  and  useful  volume  should  be 
found  in  every  medical  library,  for  as  a  book  of  re- 
ference, for  physicians,  it  is  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  work  ia  existence,  aad  the  doable  index  for 


The  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remark- 
able industry  in  pushing  his  researches  into  every 
source  whence  information  is  derivable,  has  enabled 
him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of  facts 
and  statements,  accompanied  by  full  reference  In 
authorities;  which  lost  feature  renders  the  work 
practically  valuable  to  investigators  who  desire  to 
examine  the  original  papers.— The  American  Journal 
of  Pharmacy. 


DURLACHER   (LEWIS). 

A  TREATISE  ON  CORNS,  BUNIONS,  THE  DISEASES  OF  NAILS, 
AND  THE  GENERAL  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  FEET.  In  one  12mo.  volume,  cloth. 
pp.134. 


DE  JONQH  (L.  JJ,  M.  D.t  &c. 

THE  THREE  KINDS  OF  COD-LIVER  OIL,  comparatively  considered,  with 
their  Chemical  and  Therapeutic  Properties.  Translated,  with  an  Appendix  and  Cases,  by 
Edward  Carry,  M.  D.  To  which  is  added  an  article  on  the  aubject  from  '<  Dunglison  on  New 
Remedies.1'    In  one  small  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth. 


DAY  (GEORGE  E.),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DOMESTIC  MANAGEMENT  AND 

MORE  IMPORTANT  DISEASES  OF  ADVANCED  LIFE.  With  an  Appendix  on  a  new 
and  successful  mode  of  treating  Lumbago  and  other  forms  of  Chronic  Rheumatism.  One  vol  urn*, 
octavo,  336  pages. 


14 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S   MEDICAL 


ELLIS  (BENJAMIN),  M.  D. 
THE   MEDICAL  FORMULARY:  being  a  Collection  of  Preaeripttou,  for* 

from  the  writings  and  practice  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  physician*  of  America  aid  E??r 
Together  with  the  uaual  Dietetic  Preparations  and  Antidotes  for  Poisons.  To  wbkii  >  „ '*? 
an  Appendix,  on  the  Endermic  use  of  Medicines,  and  on  the  use  of  Ether  and  Chlorofurn-  7x 
whole  accompanied  with  a  few  brief  Pharmaceutic  and  Medical  Observations,  Trtfirhn 
revised  and  much  extended  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Me.iw  :  .* 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  two  hundred  and  =r"-3 
pages.    (Now  Ready,    Revised  and  enlarged  to  1854.) 

After  an  examination  of  the  new  matter  and  the 
alterations,  we  believe  the  reputation  of  the  work 
built  up  by  the  author,  and  the  late  distinguished 
editor,  will  continue  to  flourish  under  the  auspices 
of  the  present  editor,  who  has  the  industry  nnd  accu- 
racy, and,  we  would  say,  conscientiousness  requi- 
site for  the  responsible  task. — American  Journal  of 
Pharmacy,  March,  1854. 


It  will  prove  particularly  naefnl  to  i 
young  practitioners,  as  the  most  importer  ]■>"'■ 
tions  employed  in  modern  practice,  wfciei  'fil- 
tered through  oar  medical  literature,  w^'- 
lee  ted  and  conveniently  arranged  for  rwrt- 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review. 


ERICHSEN   (JOHN), 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  University  College,  London,  fcc. 

THE  SCIENCE  AND  ART  OF  SURGERY;  being  a  Treatise  onScktc 

Injuries,  Diss  asks,  and  Operations.    Edited  bv  John  H.  Brirton,  M.  D.    niu»trt>:.'i : 
three  hundred  and  eleven  engravings  on  wood.   In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  jv  gs^ 
over  nine  hundred  closely  printed  pages.    (Note Ready.) 

This  is  a  new  work,  brought  up  to  May,  1854. 


It  is,  in  our  humble  judgment,  decidedly  the  best 
hook  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language.  Strange 
that  ju«t  such  hooks  are  nototlener  produced  by  pub- 
lic teacher*  of  mtrcrery  in  this  country  and  Great 
Britain.  Indeed,  it  is  a  mailer  of  great  astonishment, 
but  no  Icm  true  than  astonishing,  that  of  the  many 
works  on  surgery  republished  in  this  country  within 
the  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years  as  text- books  for 
medical  students,  this  is  the  only  one,  that  even  ap- 
proximates to  the  fulfilment  of  the  peculiar  wants  of 
young  men  just  entering  upon  the  study  of  tbi«  branch 
of  the  profession. —  Western  Jour,  of Med.  and  Surgery. 

Embracing,  as  will  be  perceived,  the  whole  surgi- 
cal domain,  nnd  each  division  of  itself  almost  com- 
plete and  perfect,  each  chapter  full  and  explicit,  each 
subject  faithfully  exhibited,  we  can  only  express  our 
exiimate  of  it  in  the  aggregate.  We  consider  it  an 
excellent  contribution  to  surgery,  as  probably  the 
best  single  volume  now  extant  on  the  subject,  and 
with  great  pleasure  we  add  it  to  our  text  books  — 
Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


Ii«  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  very  en- 
well- arranged  index.  We  regard  this  a*  04* .. 
most  valuable  contributions  to  modern  sere?-?.  ' 
one  entering  his  novitiate  of  practice,  w<>  r3~ 
the  most  serviceable  guide  which  he  can  cor*3 .  3 
will  find  a  fulness  of  detail  leading  him  oiroost  <-■*• 
step  of  the  operation,  and  not  deserting  b  a  -i  - 
final  issue  of  the  case  is  decided.  For  the  »r?  -• 
son  we  recommend  it  to  those  whose  roeus*  .  rv 
lice  lies  in  such  parts  of  the  country  thai  u*-  :. 
rarely  encounter  cases  requiring  aorgicsl  emr 
menu— Stethoscope. 

Prof.  Erichsen's  work,  Aw  its  site,  has  w  ** 
«urpas«ed;  his  nine  hundred  and  eight  r*r*  "• 
finely  illustrated,  are  rich  in  physiotopra:  r 
gical.  and  operative  suggestions,  do/ir.ae*.  '-- 
and  processes ;  and  will  prove  a  rehaVe  t?*h>~ 
for  information,  both  to  physician  aad  foneece  '■■> 
hour  of  peril.— INT.  0.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jou***l 


FOVVNE8  (GEORGE).  PH.  D.,  &c. 
ELEMENTARY    CHEMISTRY;    Theoretical  and  Practical.     With  urna* 

illustrations.    A  new  American,  from  the  last  and  revised  London  edition.     Edited,  wrfc  .«: 

tions,  by  Robert  Haidgss,  M.  D.    In  one  large  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  550  pages,  **i  *> 

wood-cuts,  sheep,  or  extra  cloth.    {Note  Ready.) 

The  lamented  death  of  the  author  has  caused  the  revision  of  this  edition  to  pats  into  the  hi** 
those  distinguished  chemists,  H.  Bence  Jonea  and  A.  W.  Hofmann,  who  have  fully  surtax  * 
reputation  by  the  additions  which  they  have  made,  more  especially  in  the  portion  devoted  to 0v-' 
Chemistry,  considerably  increasing  the  sice  of  the  volume.  This  labor  has  been  so  taw  :- 
performed,  that  the  American  Editor  has  found  but  little  to  add,  his  notes  consisting  chiefly  •*  - 
matters  as  the  rapid  advance  of  the  science  has  rendered  necessary,  or  of  investigations  wh*.-  — 
apparently  been  overlooked  by  the  author's  friends. 

The  volume  is  therefore  again  presented  as  an  exponent  of  the  most  advanced  slate  of  ekn«* 
science,  and  as  not  unworthy  a  continuation  of  the  marked  favor  which  it  has  received  as  « -c 
mentary  text-book. 

We  know  of  no  better  text-book,  especially  in  the 
difficult  department  of  organic  chemistry,  opon 
which  it  is  particularly  full  and  satisfactory.  We 
Would  recommend  it  to  preceptors  as  a  capital 
"  office  book"  for  their  stndents  who  are  beginners 
m  Chemistry.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  ex- 
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether  admirably  "got 
ap.»— N.  J.  Medical  Reporter ,  Maroh,  1854. 


A  standard  mnnnnl,  which  has  long  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  embodying  much  knowledge  in  a  small 
space.  The  author  has  achieved  the  difficult  task  of 
condensation  with  masterly  tact.  His  book  is  con- 
cise without  being  dry,  and  brief  without  being  too 
dogmatical  or  general.—  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


The  work  of  Dr.  Fownee  has  loaf  t*ea  V  * 
the  public,  and  its  mcrita  have  been  tally  «r  ** 
ated  as  the  beat  text-book  on  chemistry  *?*  ' 
existence.  We  do  not,  of  course,  place  :t  is  t  ■» 
superior  to  the  works  of  Brande,  Graham,  Tsr- ' 
Gregory,  or  Graelin,  but  we  amy  that,  ui" 
for  studenta,  it  is  preferable  to  any  of  the*---* 
don  Journal  of  Medicine. 


A  work  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  rr~ 
It  is  an  excellent  exposition  of  the  chief  &<-"• 
aad  facts  of  modern  chemistry.  The  aise  of  ux  «*  -* 
and  still  more  the  condensed  yet  perspicaoa*  ►"  f 
in  which  it  is  written,  absolve  it  front  the  r:<- 
very  properly  urged  against  moat  tnanaaU  *"  - 
popular.— B<W«rga  Monthly  Journal  ej  *** 
Science. 


FRICK  (CHARLES),  M.  D. 
RENAL    AFFECTIONS;    their  Diagnosis  and  Pathology. 
One  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth. 


With  fflastatf* 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


IS 


Fr-RGUSSON  (WILLIAM),  F.  ft.  8., 
Professor  of  Surf  cry  in  King's  College,  London,  Ac. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  PRACTICAL  SURGERY.    Fourth  American,  from  the  third 

and  enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  ootavo  volume,  of  about  seven 
hundred  pages,  with  three  hundred  and  ninety-three  handsome  illustrations.    (Just  Issued.) 


The  most  important  subjects  in  connection  with 
practical  surgery  which  have  been  more  recently 
brought  under  the  notice  of,  and  discussed  by,  the 
surgeons  of  Great  Britain,  are  fully  and  dispassion- 
ately considered  by  Mr.  Fergussoa,  and  that  which 
was  before  wanting  has  now  been  supplied,  so  that 
we  can  now  look  upon  it  as  a  work  on  practical  sur- 
gery instead  of  one  on  operative  surgery  alone. 
There  was  some  ground  formerly  for  the  complaint 
before  alluded  to,  that  it  dwelt  too  exclusively  on 
operative  surgery  ;  but  this  defect  is  now  removed, 
and  the  book  is  more  than  ever  adapted  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  practitioner,  whether  he  confines  him- 
self more  strictly  to  the  operative  department,  or 
follows  sargery  on  a  more  comprehensive  scale.— 
Medieal  Times  and  Gazette. 


No  work  was  ever  written  which  more  nearly 
comprehended  the  necessities  of  the  student  and 
practitioner,  and  was  more  carefully  arranged  to 
that  singlepurpose  than  this.-—  N.  Y.  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

The  addition  of  many  new  pages  makes  this  work 
more  than  ever  indispensable  to  the  student  and  prao- 
ti doner.— Banking's  Abstract. 

Among  the  numerous  works  upon  surgery  pub- 
lished of  late  years,  we  know  of  none  we  value 
more  highly  than  the  one  before  us.  It  is  perhaps 
the  very  best  we  have  for  a  tcjet-book  and  for  ordi- 
nary reference,  being  concise  and  eminently  practi- 
cal.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


GRAHAM  (THOMAS),  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  University  College,  London,  Ac. 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CHEMISTRY.     Including  the  application  of  the  Science 

to  the  Arts.    With  numerous  illustrations.    Wilh  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Robbbt  Bridges, 
M.  D.,  &c.  &c    Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  London  edition 
PART  I.  {Lately  Issued)  large  8vo.,  430  pages,  185  illustrations. 
FART  II.  (Preparing)  to  match. 

The  great  changes  which  the  science  of  chemistry  has  undergone  within  the  last  few  years,  ren- 
der a  new  edition  of  a  treatise  like  the  present,  almost  a  new  work.  The  author  has  devoted 
several  years  to  the  revision  of  his  treatise,  and  has  endeavored  to  embody  in  it  every  fact  and 
inference  of  importance  which  has  been  observed  and  recorded  by  the  great  body  of  chemical 
investigators  who  are  so  rapidly  changing  the  face  of  the  science.  In  this  manner  the  work  has 
be^n  greatly  increased  in  size,  and  the  number  of  illustrations  doubled ;  while  the  labors  of  the  editor 
have  been  directed  towards  the  introduction  of  such  matters  as  have  escaped  the  attention  of  the 
author,  or  as  have  arisen  since  the  publication  of  the  first  portion  of  this  edition  in  London,  in  1830. 
Printed  in  handsome  style,  and  at  a  very  low  price,  it  is  therefore  confidently  presented  to  the  pro- 
fession and  the  student  as  a  very  complete  and  thorough  text-book  of  this  important  subject. 


GROSS  (SAMUEL  D.),  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Louisville  Medical  Institute,  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  AND  INJURIES  OF 

THE  URINARY  ORGANS.    In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo  volume,  of  over  seven 
hundred  pages.    With  numerous  illustrations. 


A  volume  replete  with  truths  and  principles  of  the 
utmost  value  in  the  investigation  of  these  diseases. — 
American  Medical  Journal. 

Dr.  Gross  has  brought  all  his  learning,  experi- 
ence, tact,  and  judgment  to  the  task,  and  has  pro- 
duced a  work  worthy  of  his  high  reputation.  We 
feel  perfectly  safe  in  recommending  it  to  our  read- 
ers as  a  monograph  unequalled  in  interest  and 
le  by  any  other  on  the  subject  in  our 


this  department  of  art.   We  have,  indeed,  unfeigned 

rileasure  in  congratulating  all  concerned  in  this  pub- 
ication,  on  the  result  of  their  labours;  and  expe- 
rience a  feeling  something  like  whstanimates  a  long- 
expectant  husbandman,  who,  oftentimes  disappointed 
by  the  produce  of  a  favorite  field,  is  at  last  agree- 
ably surprised  by  a  stately  crop  which  may  bear 
comparison  with  any  of  its  former  rivals.     The 

E  rounds  of  our  high  appreciation  of  the  work  will 
e  obvious  as  we  proceed ;  and  we  doubt  not  that 
the  present  facilities  for  obtaining  American  books 
will  induce  many  of  our  readers  to  verify  our  re- 
commendation by  their  own  perusal  of  it. — British 
and  Foreign  Medico- Chirurgical  Review. 

Whoever  will  peruse  the  vast  amount  of  valuable 

E  radical  information  it  contains,  and  which  we 
avo  been  unable  even  to  notice,  will,  we  think, 
agree  with  us,  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  English 
language  which  can  make  any  jnst  pretensions  to 
be  its  eqnal. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


practical  value    .       .     - 

language.— Western  Journal  of  Med.  and  Surg. 

It  has  remained  for  an  American  writer  to  wipe 
away  this  reproach ;  and  so  completely  has  the  task 
been  fulfilled,  that  we  venture  to  predict  for  Dr. 
Gross's  treatise  a  permanent  place  in  the  literature 
of  surgery,  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  works  of 
the  present  age.  Not  merely  is  the  matter  good, 
but  the  getting  up  of  the  volume  is  most  creditable 
to  transatlantic  enterprise;  the  paper  and  print 
would  do  credit  toa  first-rate  London  establishment ; 
and  the  numerous  wood-cuts  which  illustrate  it,  de- 
monstrate that  America  is  making  rapid  advances  ia 

SY  the  same  author.    (Now  Ready.) 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  AIR-PAS- 

SAGES.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  illustrations. 

No  complete  monograph  on  this  interesting  and  difficult  subject  has  hitherto  appeared  in  any  lan- 
guage. The  profession  will  therefore  find  a  want  supplied  by  the  present  volume,  containing  an 
elaborate  investigation  of  the  nature,  symptoms,  and  treatment  of  this  class  of  accidents,  founded 
on  the  details  of  more  than  two  hundred  cases,  carefully  analyzed  and  compared.  Beside*  the  ex- 
perience gathered  from  the  author's  practice,  and  that  of  numerous  friends  and  correspondents,  he 
has  laboriously  collected  all  the  scattered  information  embodied  in  medical  periodical.*,  reports  of 
learned  societies,  and  other  sources;  and,  examining  the  whole  by  the  aid  of  the  most  recent  patho- 
logical and  anatomical  investigations,  he  has  presented  a  complete  and  systematic  view  of  the  sub- 
ject in  all  its  bearings. 

BY  the  same  authoe.    (Preparing.) 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY;  Diagnostic,  Pathological,  Therapeutic,  and  Opera- 
tive.   With  very  numerous  engravings  on  wood. 


16 


BLANCHARD  &   LEA'S  MEDICAL 


GRIFFITH  (ROBERT  €.).  M.  D.«  «Vc. 

A  UNIVERSAL  FORMULARY,  containing  the  methods  of  Preparing  and  Ad- 
ministering Officinal  and  other  Medicines.  The  whole  adapted  to  Physicians  and  Pharmaceu- 
tists. Second  Edition,  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous  additions,  by  Robert  P.  Thomas, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  six  hundred  pages,  double  columns.    (Just  Issued.) 

It  it  one  of  the  most  useful  books  a  country  practi- 
tioner can  possibly  have  in  his  possession.— Jfatiosi 
Chronicle. 


It  was  a  work  requiring  much  perseverance,  and 
when  published  was  looked  upon  as  by  fsr  the  best 
work  of  its  kind  that  had  issued  from  the  American 
pres«,  being  free  of  much  of  the  trashy,  and  embrac- 
ing most  of  the  non-officinal  formulas  used  or  known 
in  American,  English,  or  French  practice,  arranged 
under  the  heads  of  the  several  constituent  drug*,  plac- 
ing the  receipt  under  it*  more  important  cotisutuent. 
Prof  Thomas  has  certainly  "  improved,"  as  well  as 
added  'O  this  Formulary,  and  has  rendered  it  addition- 
ally deserving  of  the  confidence  of  pharmaceutists 
ana  physicians.— American  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

We  are  happy  to  announce  a  new  and  improved 
edition  of  this,  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  aasful 
works  that  have  emanated  from  an  American  pen. 
It  would  do  credit  to  any  country,  and  will  be  found 
of  daily  usefulness  to  practitioners  of  medicine;  it  is 
better  adapted  to  their  purposes  than  the  dispensato- 
ries.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

A  new  edition  of  ihis  well-known  work,  edited  by 
R.  P.  Thomas,  M  D.,  affords  occasion  for  renewing 
our  commendation  of  so  useful  a  handbook,  which 
ought  to  be  universally  studied  by  medical  men  of 
every  class,  and  made  use  of  by  way  of  reference  by 
office  pupils,  as  a  standard  authority.  It  has  been 
much  enlarged,  and  now  condenses  a  vast  Amount 
of  needful  and  necessary  knowledge  in  small  com- 
pass. The  more  of  suoh  books  the  better  for  the  pro- 
fession and  the  public— JV.  Y.  Mod.  Gazette. 


The  amount  of  useful,  e  very-day  matter,  for  a  prac- 
ticing physician,  is  realty  immense.— Boston  Med. 
and  Burg.  Journal, 

This  is  a  work  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  one  pages, 
embracing  all  on  the  subject  of  preparing  and  admi- 
nistering medicines  that  can  be  desired  by  the  physi- 
cian and  pharmaceutist.—  Western  Lancet. 

In  short,  it  is  a  rail  and  complete  work  of  the  kind, 
and  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  physician  and 
apothecary.— O.  Mod.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  predict  a  great  sale  for  thia  work,  and  we  espe- 
cially recommend  it  to  all  medical  teachers.— Rich- 
mond Stethoscope. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Griffith's  work  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  the  revision  and  ample  additions  of  Dr. 
Thomas,  aud  is  now,  we  believe,  one  of  the  most 
complete  works  of  its  kind  in  any  language.  The 
additions  amount  to  about  seventy  pages,  and  no 
effort  has  been  spared  to  include  in  them  all  the  re- 
cent improvements  which  have  been  published  in 
medical  journals,  and  systematic  treatises.  A  work 
of  this  kind  appears  to  us  indispensable  to  the  physi- 
cian, and  there  is  none  we  can  more  cordially  recom- 
|  mend.— N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BT  THE  8AMX  AUTHO&. 

MEDICAL  BOTANY;  or,  a  Description  of  all  the  more  important  Plants  used 
in  Medicine,  and  of  their  Properties,  Uses,  and  Modes  of  Administration.  In  one  large  oclaro 
volume,  of  704  pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  nearly  350  illustrations  on  wood. 


QLUGE  (GOTTLIEB),  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Brussels,  Ae. 

AN  ATLAS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  HISTOLOGY.  Translated,  with  Notes 
and  Additions,  by  Joskph  Lkidy,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. In  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto,  with,  tfajree  hundred  and  twenty  figures,  plan 
and  colored,  on  twelve  copperplates. 


Thia  being,  as  far  as  we  know,  the  only  work  in 
which  pathological  histology  is  separately  treated 
of  in  a  comprehensive  manner,  it  will,  we  think,  for 
this  reason,  be  of  infinite  service  to  those  who  desire 
to  investigate  the  subject  systematically,  and  who 
have  felt  the  difficulty  of  arranging  in  their  mind 


the  unconnected  observations  of  a  great  number  of 
authors.  The  development  of  the  morbid  tissues, 
and  the  formation  of  abnormal  products,  may  now 
be  followed  and  studied  with  the  same  ease  and 
satisfaction  as  the  best  arranged  system  of  phy- 
siology.— American  Med.  Journal. 


GREGORY  (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  8.  E., 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  Ac. 

LETTERS    TO  A  CANDID   INQUIRER   ON    ANIMAL    MAGNETISM. 

In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth. 


GARDNER  (D.  P  ERE  IRA),  M.  D. 
MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY,  for  the  use  of  Students  and  the  Profession :  being  a 
Manual  of  the  Science,  with  its  Applications  to  Toxicology,  Physiology,  Therapeutics,  HygKB* 
&c.    In  one  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  with  illustrations. 

HAS3E  (C.  E.),  M.  O.  _, 

AN  ANATOMICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  DISEASES  OP  RESPIRA- 
TION AND  CIRCULATION.    Translated  and  Edited  by  Swaxxs.    In  one  volume,  octavo. 

HARRISON  (JOHN),  M.  D. 
AN  ESSAY  TOWARDS  A  CORRECT  THEORY  OF  THE  NERV0U8 

SYSTEM.    In  one  octavo  volume,  292  pages. 

H UNTER  (JOHN). 
TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE.    With  copious  Additions,  by 

Br.  Ph.  Rico&d,  Surgeon  to  the  Venereal  Hospital  of  Paris.    Edited,  with  additional  Notes,  by 
F.  J.  Bumstead,  M.  D.    In  one  octavo  volume,  with  plates.   (Now  Rsady.)    Br*"  See  Rioobd. 
Also,  HUNTER'S  COMPLETE  WORKS,  with  Memoir,  Notes,  &e.  dec.    In  four  neat  octavo 
volumes,  with  plates. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS.  17 

HUQHE8  (H.  ffl.),  M.O., 

Assistant  Physician  to  Guy's  Hospital,  ft*. 

A  CLINICAL  INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  PRACTICE  OP  AUSCULTA- 
TION, and  other  Modes  of  Physical  Diagnosis,  in  Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and  Heart.    Second 
American  from  the  Second  and  Improved  London  Edition.  In  one  royal  12qao.  vol.  (Now  Ready.) 
It  has  been  carefully  revised  throughout.    Some  small  portions  have  been  erased ;  much  has 
been,  I  trust,  amended;  and  a  great  deal  of  new  matter  has  been  added;  so  that,  though  funda- 
mentally it  is  the  same  book,  it  is  in  many  respects  a  new  work.— Preface. 

HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL  ANATOMY   AND    HISTOLOGY.    Eighth  edition.    Extensively 

revised  and  modified.    In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  more  man  one  thousand  pages,  hand- 
somely printed,  with  over  three  hundred  illustrations. 

This  work  has  enjoyed  a  thorough  and  laborious  revision  on  the  part  of  the  author,  with  the 
view  of  bringing  it  fully  up  to  the  existing:  state  of  knowledge  on  the  subject  of  general  and  special 
anatomy.  To  adapt  it  more  perfectly  to  the  wants  of  the  student,  he  has  introduced  a  large  number 
of  additional  wood-engravings,  illustrative  of  the  objects  described,  while  the  publishers  have  en- 
deavored to  render  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  work  wort  hyof  the  extended  reputation  which 
it  has  acquired.  The  demand  which  has  carried  it  to  an  EIGHTH  EDITION  is  a  sufficient  evi- 
dence of  the  value  of  the  work,  and  of  its  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the  student  and  professional 
Tender. 

HOBLYN  (RICHARD  D.),  A.  M. 
A  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  TERMS  USED  IN  MEDICINE  AND  THE 

COLLATERAL  SCIENCES.    Second  and  Improved  American  Edition.    Revised,  with  nu- 
merous Additions,  from  the  second  London  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  &c.    In  one  large 
royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  four  hundred  pages,  double  columns.    {Nearly  Ready.) 
In  passing. this  work  a  second  time  through  the  press,  the  editor  has  subjected  it  to  a  very  tho- 
rough revision,  making  such  additions  as  the  progress  of  science  has  rendered  desirable,  and  sup- 
plying any  omissions  that  may  have  previously  existed.    As  a  concise  and  convenient  Dictionary 
of  Medical  Terms,  at  an  exceedingly  low  price,  it  will  therefore  be  found  of  great  value  to  the  stu- 
dent and  practitioner. 

HOPE  (J.),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  8.,  Ac. 
A  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  THE  HEART  AND  GREAT 

VESSELS.    Edited  by  Pehnock.    In  one  volume,  octavo,  with  plates,  572  pages. 

JONES  (C.  HANDFIELD),  F.  R.  S..  &  EDWARD  H.  SIEVEKINQ,  M.D., 

Assistant  Physicians  and  Lecturers  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.    First  American  Edition, 

Revised.    With  three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  handsome  wood  engravings.    In  one  large  aud 
beautiful  octavo  volume  of  nearly  seven  hundred  and  fifty  pages. 

In  a  work  like  the  present)  intended  an  a  text-book  for  the  student  of  pathology,  accurate  engrav- 
ings of  the  various  results  of  morbid  action  are  of  the  greatest  assistance.  The  American  pub- 
lishers have,  therefore,  considered  that  the  value  of  the  work  might  be  enhanced  by  increasing  the 
number  of  illustrations,  and,  with  this  object,  many  wood-cuts,  from  the  best  authorities,  have  been 
introduced,  increasing  the  number  from  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  in  the  London  Edition,  to 
three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  m  this.  The  selection  of  these  wood-cuts  has  been  made  by  a 
competent  member  of  the  profession,  who  has  supervised  the  progress  of  the  work  through  the 
press,  with  the  view  of  securing  an  accurate  reprint,  and  of  correcting  such  errors  as  had  escaped 
the  attention  of  the  authors. 

With  these  improvements,  the  volume  is  therefore  presented  in  the  hope  of  supplying  the  ac- 
knowledged want  of  a  work  which,  within  a  moderate  compass,  should  embody  a  condensed  and 
accurate  digest  of  the  present  state  of  pathological  science,  as  extended  by  recent  microscopical, 
chemical,  and  physiological  researches. 


A  comprehensive  Boglish  work  on  pathological 
anatomy  has  long  been  a  desideratum  in  medical 
literature.  The  progress  of  pathological  seieoce  has 
been  so  rapid,  and  the  contributions  of  pathologists 
have  been  so  numerous,  that  Che  learner  has  oeen 
compelled  to  resort  to  various  books  in  different  lan- 
guages, and  to  monographs  on  special  subjects,  in 
order  to  become  acquainted  with  the  morbid  affec- 
tions of  the  human  body.  The  present  work  fills  np 
in  a  great  measure  the  deficiency  which  has  hither- 


to existed,  and  Brs.  Jones  and  Sieveking  deserve 
great  credit  for  the  manner  in  which  they  have  per- 
formed their  task.  They  have  availed  themselves 
of  the  best  existing  sources  of  information,  and  tbey 
have  confirmed  or  contested  the  conclusions  of  pre- 
ceding authors  by  observations  made  by  themselves. 
The  book  is  also  abundantly  illustrated  by  well- 
executed  wood-engravings,  many  of  which  are 
drawn  from  specimens  examined  by  the  authors.— 
Me  J.  Timet  and  Gazette. 


JONES  (T.  WHARTON),  F,  R.  9M  *c. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF   OPHTHALMIC    MEDICINE 

AND  SURGERY.    Edited  by  Isaac  Hats,  M.  D.,  &c.    In  one  very  neat  volume,  large  royal 
12mo.,  of  529  pages,  with  four  plates,  plain  or  colored,  and  ninety-eight  wood-cuts. 


The  work  amply  sustains,  in  every  point  the  al- 
ready high  reputation  of  the  author  as  an  ophthalmic 
sttrgeon  as  well  as  a  physiologist  and  pathologist. 
The  book  is  evidently  the  result  of  much  labor  and 
research,  and  has  been  written  with  the  greatest 
care  and  attention.  We  entertain  little  doubt  that 
mis  book  will  become  what  its  anther  hoped  it 


might  become,  a  manual  for  daily  reference  and 
consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  practi- 
tioner. The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness, 
clearness,  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish 
all  the  productions  of  the  learned  &ulhot.— British 
and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 


18 


BLANCHARD  fc  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


KIRKE8  (WILLIAM  8ENHOUSE),  M.D., 

Demonstrator  of  Morbid  Anatomy  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  ece^  mad. 

JAMES  PAGET,  F.  R.  8., 

Lecturer  on  General  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital. 

A   MANUAL   OF   PHYSIOLOGY.     Second  American,  from  the  aeoond  ml 

improved  London  edition.    With  one  hundred  and  *ixty-five  illustration*.     la  osse  Isuge  sad 
handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,    pp.  550.    (Just  Issued.) 


In  the  present  edition,  the  Manual  of  Physiology  f 
has  been  brought  op  to  the  actnal  condition  of  the  | 
science,  and  fully  sustains  the  reputation  which  it 
has  already  so  deservedly  attained.  We  consider 
the  work  of  MM.  Kirkes  and  Paget  to  constitute  one 
of  the  very  best  handbooks  of  Physiology  we  possess 
—presenting  just  such  an  outline  of  the  science,  com- 
prising an  account  of  its  leading  facts  and  generally 
admitted  principles,  as  the  student  requires  during 
his  attendance  upon  a  course  of  lectures,  or  for  re- 
ference whilst  preparing  for  examination.  The  text 
is  fully  and  ably  illustrated  by  a  series  of  very  supe- 
rior wood-engravings;  by  which  a  comprehension  of 
some  of  the  more  iutnoate  of  the  subjects  treated  of 
is  greatly  facilitated. — Am.  Medical  Jouptal. 

We  need  only  say,  that,  without  entering  into  dis- 
cussions of  unsettled  questions,  it  contains  all  the 
recent  improvements  in  this  department  of  medical 
science.  For  the  student  beginning  this  study,  and 
the  practitioner  who  has  but  leisure  to  refresh  his 
memory,  this  book  is  invaluable,  as  it  contains  all 


that  it  is  important  to  know,  without  special  &-*-«. 
which  are  read  with  interest  only  by   tin**  *• 
would  make  a  specialty,  ct  desire  to  possess  &  *~ 
cal  knowledge  of  the  subject.— Chart estsm  JfcVaV* 
Journal. 

One  of  the  best  treatises  that  cam  be  put  inf>  l* 
hands  of  the  student.— London  MeMicul  GuxeiU. 

The  general  favor  with  which  the  first  editJKV 
this  work  was  received,  and  its  adoption  ss  &  ft.-  ■:- 
ite  text-book  by  many  of  onr  colleees-,  will  iaw  i 
large  circulation  to  this  improved  edition.  Ii  v  . 
fully  meet  the  wants  of  the  student. — S#*£ar* 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Particularly  adapted  to  those  who  desire  t*>  ?i- 
sets  a  concise  digest  of  the  facta  of  Hamas  Phil- 
ology.— British  and  Foreign  Med.-Ckirwrg  *>r«  » 


Jpm^m, 


We  conscientiously  recommend  it 
ble  "  Handbook  of  Physiology."— i 
of  Medicine. 


KNAPP  (F.)f  PH.D.,  &c. 

TECHNOLOGY ;  or,  Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts  and  to  Manufactures.  &iit»»: 
with  numerous  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  Edmund  Ronalds  and  Dr.  Thomas  Richait^* 
First  American  edition,  with  Notes  and  Addition*,  by  Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson.  In  two  t**.- 
some  octavo  volumes,  printed  and  illustrated  in  the  highest  style  of  art,  with  about  five  hus-^*- 
wood-engravings. 


PHYSIOLOGICAL 

(Preparing.) 


LEHMANN. 
CHEMISTRY.     Translated  by  Gboeot  E.  Day,  M.C 


LEE  (ROBERT).  M.  D.,  F.  R.  8.,  Sec. 

CLINICAL    MIDWIFERY;   comprising  the  Histories  of  Five   Hundred  wi 
Forty-five  Cases  of  Difficult,  Preternatural,  and  Complicated  Labor,  with  Coma 
the  second  London  edition.    In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  238  ] 


Fxa 


LA   ROCHE  (R.),   M.  D.,  Sec. 

PNEUMONIA ;  its  Supposed  Connection,  Pathological  and  Etiological,  with  At- 
tumnal  Fever*,  including  an  Inquiry  into  the  Existence  and  Morbid  Agency  of  Malaria.  la  ok 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages. 

the  periodical  press,  and  yet  in  the  work  bc&vr  * 
he  has  exhibited  an  amount  of  industry  and  lean  -' 
research  and  ability,  beyond  what  we  are  aces*  -** 
to  discover  in  modern  medical  writers;  wfei*  '» 
own  extensive  opportunities  for  obeervatks-  »» 
experience  have  been  improved  by  the  most  befit-  * 
diligence,  and  display  a  familiarity  with  taevt  - 
subject  in  every  aspect,  which  commands  sou  - ' 
respect  and  confidence.  As  a  corrective  of  prrr»-  - 
and  mischievons  error,  songht  to  be  »i  unapt-  - 
novices  and  innovators,  we  could  wish  cast  Dr  -* 
Roche's  book  could  be  widely  read.-^JV.  T.  Jfc*v» 
Gazette. 


A  more  simple,  clear,  and  forcible  exposition  of 
the  groundless  nature  and  dangerous  tendency  of 
csrtain  pathological  and  etiological  heresies,  has 
seldom  been  presented  to  our  notice.— N.  Y.  Journal 
of  Medicine  and  Collateral  Science,  March,  1854. 

This  work  should  be  carefully  studied  bv  Southern 
physicians,  embodying  as  it  does  the  reflections  of 
an  original  thinker  and  close  observer  on  a  subject 
peculiarly  their  own.— Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

The  author  had  prepared  ns  to  expect  a  treatise 
from  him,  by  his  brief  papers  on  kindred  topics  in 


BT  THE  SAKE  AUTHOR.     (In  PrSSS.) 

YELLOW  FEVER,  considered  in  its  Historical,  Pathological,  and   Etioiop^ 
Relations.    In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume. 


LONGET  (F.  A,) 

TREATISE  ON  PHYSIOLOGY.  With  numerous  niustrations.  Tran&rf 
from  the  French  by  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Fena$yiW 
Medical  College.    (Preparing.) 


AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


19 


LAWRENCE  <VV.),  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

A  TREATISE   ON   DISEASES   OF   THE   EYE.    A    new  edition,  edited, 
with  numerous  additions,  and  243  illustrations,  by  Isaac  Hats,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills  Hospi- 
tal, &c.    In  ooe  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  050  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather 
with  raised  bands.    (Now  Ready.) 
This  work  is  thoroughly  revised  and  brought  up  to  1854. 

This  work  is  so  universally  recognized  as  the  standard  authority  on  the  subject,  that  the  pub- 
lishers in  presenting  this  new  edition  have  only  to  remark  that  in  its  preparation  the  editor  has 
carefully  revised  every  portion,  introducing  additions  and  illustrations  wherever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  necessary  or  desirable.  In  this  manner  it  will  be  found  to  con- 
tain over  one  hundred  pages  more  than  the  last  edition,  while  the  list  of  wood-engravings 
has  been  increased  by  sixty-seven  figures,  besides  numerous  improved  illustrations  substituted 
for  such  as  were  deemed  imperfect  or  unsatisfactory.  The  various  important  contributions  to 
ophthalmological  science,  recently  made  by  Dalrymple,  Jacob,  Walton,  Wilde,  Cooper,  &c, 
both  in  the  form  of  separate  treatises  and  contributions  to  periodicals,  have  been  carefully 
examined  by  the  editor,  and,  combined  with  the  results  of  his  own  experience,  have  been 
freely  introduced  throughout  the  volume,  rendering  it  a  complete  and  thorough  exponent  of 
the  most  advanced  state  of  the  subject. 


In  a  future  number  we  shall  notice  more  at  length 
this  admirable  treatise- the  safest  guide  and  most 
comprehensive  work  of  reference,  which  is  within 
the  reach  of  all  classes  of  the  profession .Stetho- 
scope, March,  1864. 

/ 

This  standard  text-book  on  the  department  of 
whieh  it  treats,  has  not  been  superseded,  by  any  or 
all  of  the  numerous  publications  on  the  subject 
heretofore  issued.  Nor  with  the  multiplied  improve- 
ments of  Dr.  Hays,  the  American  editor,  is  it  at  all 
likely  that  this  great  work  will  cease  to  merit  the 
confidence  and  preference  of  students  or  practition- 
ers.   Its  ample  extent— nearly  one  thousand  large 


octavo  pages~  has  enabled  both  author  and  editor  to 
do  justice  to  all  the  details  of  this  subject,  and  eon- 
dense  in  this  single  volume  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge  of  the  whole  science  in  this  department, 
whereby  its  practical  value  cannot  be  excelled.  We 
heartily  commend  it,  especially  as  a  book  of  refe- 
rence, indispensable  in  every  medical  library.  The 
additions  of  the  American  editor  very  greatly  en- 
hance the  value  of  the  work,  exhibiting  the  learning 
and  experience  of  Dr.  Hays,  in  the  light  in  which  he 
ought  to  be  held,  as  a  standard  authority  on  all  sub- 
jects appertaining  to  this  specialty,  to  which  he  has 
rendered  so  many  valuable  contributions.— N.  Y. 
Medical  Gazette. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  TREATISE  ON  RUPTURES;  from  the  fifth  London  edition, 
volume,  sheep,  480  pages. 


In  one  octavo 


LUDLOW   (J.    L.),    M.  D., 
Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine  at  the  Philadelphia  Almshouse,  Ac. 

A  MANUAL  OF  EXAMINATIONS  upon  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Surgery, 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Chemistry,  Obstetrics,  Materia  Medica,  Pharmacy,  and  Therapeutics. 
Designed  for  Students  of  Medicine  throughout  the  United  States.  A  new  edition,  revised  and 
extensively  improved.  In  one  large  royal  12mo.  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations. 
{Preparing.) 

LI8TON  IROBERT),  F.  R.  8.,  Ac. 
LECTURES  ON  THE  OPERATIONS  OP  SURGERY,  and  on  Diseases  and 
Accidents  requiring  Operations.    Edited,  with  numerous  Additions  and  Alterations,  by  T.  D. 
Mutter,  M.  D.    in  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  566  pages,  with  216  wood-cuts. 


LALLEMAND  (M.). 

THE  CAUSES,  SYMPTOMS,  AND  TREATMENT  OP  SPERMATOR- 

RHCEA.  Translated  and  edited  by  Henry  J.  McDouqai*.  In  one  volume,  octavo,  320  pages. 
Second  American  edition.    {Just  Issued.) 

LARDNER  (DIONY3IU3),  D.  C.  L.,  &c. 
HANDBOOKS    OF    NATURAL    PHILOSOPHY    AND    ASTRONOMY. 

Revised,  with  numerous  Additions,  by  the  American  editor.  First  Course,  containing  Mecha- 
nics, Hydrostatics,  Hydraulics,  Pneumatics,  Sound,  and  Optics.  In  one  large  royal  12mo. 
volume,  of  750  pages,  with  424  wood-cuts.  Second  Course,  containing  Heat,  Electricity,  Mag- 
netism, and  Galvanism,  one  volume,  large  royal  12mo.t  of  450  pages,  with  250  illustrations. 
Third  Course  (  now  ready)-,  containing  Meteorology  and  Astronomy,  in  one  large  volume,  royal 
12mo.  of  nearly  eight  hundred  pages,  with  thirty-seven  plates  and  two  hundred  wood-cuts.  The 
whole  complete  in  three  volumes,  of  about  two  thousand  large  pages,  with  over  one  thousand 
figures  on  steel  and  wood. 

The  various  sciences  treated  in  this  work  will  be  found  brought  thoroughly  up  to  the  latest  period. 
The  work  furnishes  a  very  clear  and  satisfactory 
account  of  our  knowledge  in  the  important  depart- 
ment of  science  of  which  it  treats.    Although  the 
medical  schools  of  this  country  do  not  include  the 


study  of  physics  in  their  eonrse  of  instruction,  yet 
no  student  or  practitioner  should  be  ignorant  of  its 
laws.  Besides  being  of  constant  application  in  prac- 
tice, such  knowledge  is  of  inestimable  utility  in  fa- 
cilitating the  study  of  other  branches  of  science.  To 
students,  then,  and  to  those  who,  having  already  en- 
tered upon  the  active  pursuits  of  business,  are  desir- 
ous to  sustain  and  improve  their  knowledge  of  the 
general  truths  of  natural  philosophy,  we  can  recom- 
mend this  work  as  supplying  in  a  clear  and  satis- 


factory manner  the  information  they  desire.— The 
Virginia  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


The  present  treatise  is  a  most  complete  digest  of 
all  that  has  been  developed  in  relation  to  the  great 
forces  of  nature,  Heat,  Magnetism,  and  Eleotrioity. 
Their  laws  are  elucidated  in  a  manner  both  pleasing 
and  familiar,  and  at  the  same  time  perfectly  intelli- 
gible to  the  student.  The  illustrations  are  suffi- 
ciently numerous  and  appropriate,  and  altogether 
we  can  cordially  recommend  the  work  as  well-de- 
serving the  notice  both  of  the  practising  physician 
and  the  student  of  medicine.— The  Med.  Examiner. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


MEIGS  (GHARLE8  D.),  M.  D., 
Profeaaor  of  Obstetrics,  &c.  In  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

ON    THE    NATURE,    SIGNS,    AND    TREATMENT    OF    CHILDBED 

FEVER.    In  a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Sludents  of  his  Class.     In 

octavo  volume,  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  pages.    (Now  Ready.) 

The  instructive  and  interesting  author  of  thli 
work,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  department  cf 
medicine  which  he  so  sedulously  cultivates,  have 
placed  his  countrymen  under  deep  and  abiding  obli- 
gations, Again  challenges  their  admiration  in  the 
fresh  and  vigorous,  attractive  and  racy  pages  before 
us.    It  is  a  delectable  book.  •    *    •  This  treatise 


This  book  will  add  more  to  his  fame  than  •  >** 
of  those  which  bear  his  name.  Indeed  w4..: 
whether  any  material  improvement  will  be  «*  ■  c 
the  teachings  of  this  volume  for  a  century  \  •  ere. 
since  it  is  so  eminently  practical,  and  based  -i  ■->- 
found  knowledge  of  the  seitnet  and  eansE-.-*  - 
skill  in  the  art  of  healing,  and  ratified  by  sa  l~:» 
and  extensive  experience,  Bach  an  few  bmb  m«  - 
industry  or  good  fortune  to  aoqoue.—JV.  T.  Xt» 
Gazette. 


upon  child- bed  fevers  will  have  an  extensive  sale, 
being  destined,  as  it  deserves,  to  find  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  practitioner  who  scorns  to  lag  in  the 
rear  of  his  brethren. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

WOMAN:  HER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES.     A  Series  of  L* 

tures  to  hi*  CI  a**.    Third  and  Improved  edition.    In  one  large  and  beautifully  primed  ocom 
volume.    (Just  Issued.    Revised  and  enlarged  to  1854.) 

The  gratifying  appreciation  of  his  labors,  as  evinced  by  the  exhaustion  or  two  large  imprewe 
of  this  work  within  a  few  years,  has  not  been  lost  upon  the  author,  who  has  endeavored  h:  ev-?rr 
way  to  render  it  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  opportuQ.ry  *t=» 
a/forded  for  a  second  revision  has  been  improved,  and  the  work  is  now  presented  as  in  every  wii 
superior  to  its  predecessors,  additions  and  alterations  having  been  made  whenever  the  advert  < 
science  has  rendered  them  desirable.  The  typographical  execution  of  the  work  will  also  be  i  iL: 
to  have  undergone  a  similar  improvement  and  the  work  is  now  confidently  presented  as  in  err- 
way  worthy  the  position  it  has  acquired  as  the  standard  American  text-book  on  the  Disease*  >1 
Females.  , 

such  bold  relief,  as  to  produce  distinct  imprest  ~j 
upon  the  mind  and  memory  of  the  reader.— T* 
Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Professor  Meigs  haa  enlarged  and  amend*  r* 
great  work,  for  such  it  unquestionably  is,  :*T~ 

tmssed  the  ordeal  of  criticism,  at  home  and  s  *» 
>utbeen  improved  thereby;  for  in  this  newn.  • 
the  author  has  introduced  real  tmpmvesnnUL  .* 
increased  the  value  and  utility  of  the  b>  c  > 
measurably.  It  presents  so  many  novel,  b  -'*- 
and  sparkling  thoughts ;  suoh  an  exuberance  • '  «* 
ideas  on  almost  every  page,  that  we  eanfesi  <*■ 
selves  to  have  become  enamored  with  tbf  ?■* 
and  its  author;  and  cannot  withhold  onr  eoar  * 
latioas  from  our  Philadelphia  confreres,  t\*i  m-~* 
teacher  is  in  their  service. — N.  Y.  Med.  Ga&ta 


It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  practical  knowledge, 
by  one  who  has  accurately  observed  and  retained 
the  experience  of  many  years,  and  who  tells  the  re- 
sult in  a  free,  familiar,  and  pleasant  manner. — Dub- 
tin  Quarterly  Journal. 

There  is  an  off-hand  fervor,  a  slow,  and  a  warm- 
heartedness infecting  the  effort  of  Dr.  Meigs,  which 
is  entirely  captivating,  and  which  absolutely  hur- 
ries the  reader  through  from  beginning  to  end.  Be- 
sides, the  book  teems  with  solid  instruction,  and 
It  shows  the  very  highest  evidence  of  ability,  viz., 
the  clearness  with  which  the  information  is  pre- 
sented. We  know  of  no  better  test  of  one's  under- 
standing a  subject  than  the  evidence  of  the  power 
of  lucidly  explaining  it.  The  most  elementary,  as 
well  as  the  obscurest  subjects,  under  the  pencil  of 
Prof.  Meigs,  are  isolated  and  made  to  stand  out  in 

BT  TBS  8AXZ  AUTHOR. 

OBSTETRICS:  THE  SCIENCE  AND  THE  ART.    Second  edition,  rwed 

and  improved.    With  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  illustrations.    In  one  beautifully  printed  jtuk 
volume,  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  large  pages.    (Lately  Published.) 

The  rapid  demand  for  a  second  edition  of  this  work  is  a  sufficient  evidence  that  it  has  sot  «* 
a  desideratum  of  the  profession,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  treatises  on  the  same  subject  *"  - 
nave  appeared  within  the  last  few  years.  Adopting  a  system  of  his  own,  the  author  has  roc:*  * 
the  leading  principles  of  his  interesting  and  difficult  subject,  with  a  thorough  exposition  of  us  "-<" 
of  practice,  presenting  the  results  of  long  and  extensive  experience  and  of  familiar  aeque-srr^ 
with  all  the  modern  writers  on  this  department  of  medicine.  As  as  American  Treatise  on  » 
wifery,  which  has  at  once  assumed  the  position  of  a  classic,  it  possesses  peculiar  claims  to  i!r  * 
tention  and  study  of  the  practitioner  and  student,  while  the  numerous  alterations  and  rer>* .« 
which  it  has  undergone  in  the  present  edition  are  shown  by  the  great  enlargement  of  the  a*-s. 
Which  is  not  only  increased  as  to  the  size  of  the  page,  but  also  in  the  number. 

bt  tbx  bams  acthor.    (Now  Ready .) 

A  TREATISE  ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC  DISEASES  OP  THE  KKS 

OP  THE  UTERUS.    With  numerous  plates,  drawn  and  colored  from  nature  in  the  a*fe* 
style  of  art.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 

The  object  of  the  author  in  this  work  has  been  to  present  in  a  small  compass  the  practical  «*£"* 
of  his  long  experience  in  this  important  and  distressing  class  of  diseases.  The  great  change*  -** 
duced  into  practice,  and  the  accessions  to  our  knowledge  on  the  subject,  within  the  last  few  *y--* 
resulting  from  the  use  of  the  metroscope,  brings  within  the  ordinary  practice  of  every  nhr*-  - 
numerous  cases  which  were  formerly  regarded  as  incurable,  and  renders  of  great  value  a  wort  * 
the  present  combining  practical  directions  for  diagnosis  and  treatment  with  an  ample  series  of .  -* 
trations,  copied  accurately  from  colored  drawings  made  by  the  author,  after  nature. 

BT  THK  SAMS  AUTHOR. 

OBSERVATIONS  ON    CERTAIN    OP   THE    DISEASES    OF    TOO** 

CHILDREN.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  214  pages. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


21 


MILLER  (JAMBS),  F.  R.  8.  C, 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  Ac. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY. .  Third  American,  from  the  second  and  revised 

Edinburgh  edition.    Revised,  with  Addition*,  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D.,  author  of  "  Minor  Sur- 
gery," &c.    In  one  large  and  very  beautiful  volume,  of  seven  hundred  and  fiAy-two  pages,  with 
two  hundred  and  forty  exquisite  illustrations  on  wood. 
This  edition  is  far  superior,  both  in  the  abundance 

acid  quality  of  its  material;  to  any  of  the  preceding. 

We  nope  it  will  be  extensively  read,  and  the  sound 


principles  which  are  herein  taught  treasured  up  for 
future  application.  The  work  takes  rank  with 
Watson's  Practice  of  Physic ;  it  certainly  does  not 
fali  behind  that  great  work  in  soundness  of  princi- 
ple or  depth  of  reasoning  and  research.  No  physi- 
cian who  values  his  reputation,  or  seeks  the  interests 
of  his  clients,  can  acqnit  himself  .before  bis  God  and 
the  world  without  making  himself  familiar  with  the 
sound  and  philosophical  views  developed  in  the  fore- 
going book.-~iV0i0  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 
Without  doubt  the  ablest  exposition  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  that  branch  of  the  healing  art  in  any  laa- 

bt  thi  SAM*  author.    (Now  Ready.) 

THE  PRACTICE  OP  SURGERY.  Third  American  from  the  second  Edin- 
burgh edition.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D  ,  one  of  the  Surgeons  to  Will's 
Hospital,  &c.  Illustrated  by  three  hundred  and  nineteen  engravings  on  wood.  In  one  large 
octavo  volume,  of  over  beven  hundred  pages. 


gunge.  This  opinion,  deliberately  formed  after  a 
careful  study  of  the  first  edition,  we  have  had  no 
cause  to  change  on  examining  the  second.  This 
edition  has  undergone  thorough  revision  by  the  au- 
thor; many  expressions  have  been  modified,  and  a 
mass  of  new  matter  introduced.  The  book  is  got  up 
in  the  finest  style,  and  is  an  evidence  of  the  progress 
of  typography  in  our  country. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal  and  Review. 

We  recommend  it  to  both  student  and  praotitioner, 
feeling  assured  that  as  it  now  comes  to  us,  it  pre- 
sents the  most  satisfactory  exposition  of  the  modern 
doctrines  of  the  principles  of  surgery  to  be  found  in 
any  volume  in  any  language. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medici**. 


No  encomium  of  ours  could  add  to  the  popularity 
of  Miller's  Surgery.  Its  reputation  in  this  country 
is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  other  work,  and,  when 
taken  in  connection  with  the  author's  Principles  of 
Surgery,  constitutes  a  whole,  without  reference  to 
which  no  conscientious  surgeon  wonld  be  wilting 
to  practice  his  art.  The  additions,  by  Dr.  Sargent, 
have  materially  enhanced  the  value  of  the  work. — 
Southern  Medieal  and  Surgical  Journal. 

It  is  seldom  that  two  volumes  have  ever  made  so 
profound  an  impression  in  so  short  a  time  as  the 
11  Principles"  and  the  "  Practice"  of  Surgery  by 
Mr.  Miller — or  so  richly  merited  the  reputation  they 
have  acquired.  The  author  is  an  eminently  sensi- 
ble, practical,  and  well-informed  man,  who  knows 
exactly  what  he  is  talking  about  and  exactly  how  to 
talk  it.— Kentucky  Medical  Recorder. 

The  two  volumes  together  form  a  complete  expose 
a€  the  present  state  of  Surgery,  and  they  ought  to  be 
on  the  shelves  oi  every  surgeon/— JV.  /.  MetL  Re- 
porter. 


By  the  almost  unanimous  voice  of  the  profession, 
his  works,  both  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery  have  been  assigned  the  highest  rank.  If  we 
were  limited  to  bat  one  work  on  surgery,  that  one 
should  be  Miller's,  as  we  regard  it  superior  to  aM 
others—- £f.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

The  author,  distinguished  alike  as  a  practitioner 
and  writer,  has  in  this  and  his  "  Principles."  pre- 
sented to  the  profession  one  of  the  most  complete  and 
reliable  systems  of  Surgery  extant.  His  style  of 
writing  is  original,  impressive,  and  engaging,  ener- 
getic, concise,  and  lucid.  Few  have  the  faculty  of 
condensing  so  much  in  small  space,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  persistently  holding  the  attention:  indeed, 
he  appears  to  make  the  very  process  of  condensation 
a  means  of  eliminating  attractions.  Whether  as  a 
text-book  for  students  or  a  book  of  reference  for 
practitioners,  it  cannot  be  too  strongly  recommend- 
ed .—Southern  Journal  of  the  Medical  and  Physical 
Sciences. 


MALQAIQNE  (J.  F.). 

OPERATIVE  SURGERY,  based  on  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy.    Trans- 
lated from  the  French,  by  Frederick  Beittan,  A.  B.,  M.  D.    With  numerous  illustrations  on 
wood.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  six  hundred  pages. 
We  unhesitatingly  pronounce  it  the  very  best  I  profession  in  any  language.— Charleston  Med.  and 

guide  in  surgical  operations  that  has  come  before  the  |  Surg.  Journal. 

MOHR  (FRANCIS),  PH.  D.,  AND  REDWOOD  (THEOPHILUS). 
PRACTICAL   PHARMACY.     Comprising  the  Arrangements,  Apparatus,  and 

Manipulations  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Shop  and  Laboratory.    Edited,  with  extensive  Additions, 
by  Prof.  William  Procter,  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.    In  one  handsomely 
printed  octavo  volume,  oi  570  pages*  with  over  500  engravings  on  wood, 
It  is  a  book,  however,  which  will  be  in  the  hands 
of  almost  every  one  who  is  much  interested  in  phar- 
maceutical operations,  as  we  know  of  no  other  pub- 
lication so  well  calculated  to  fill  a  void  long  felt.— 
Medieal  Examiner. 


The  book  is  strictly  practical,  and  describes  only 
manipulations  or  methods  of  performing  the  nume- 
rous processes  the  pharmaceutist  has  to  go  through, 
in  the  preparation  and  manufacture  ormedleines, 
together  with  all  the  apparatus  and  fixtures 


sary  thereto.  On  these  matters,  this  work  is  very 
full  and  complete,  and  details,  in  a  style  uncom- 
monly clear  and  lucid,  not  only  the  more  compli- 
cated and  difficult  processes,  but  those  not  less  Int- 
SOTtant  ones,  the  most  simple  and  common. — Buffalo 
tedicat  Journal. 
The  country  practitioner  who  is  obliged  to  dis- 
pense his  own  medicines,  will  find  it  a  most  valuable 
assistant*— Monthly  Journal  and  Retrospect, 


MACKEN8IE  (W.),   M.  D., 
Burgeon  Oculist  in  Scotland  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty,  exe.fce. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  EYE.    To  which  is 

B refuted  an  Anatomical  Introduction  explanatory  of  a  Horizontal  Section  of  the  Human  Eyeball, 
y  Thomas  Wharton  Jones,  F.  R.  3.  From  the  Fourth  Revised  and  Enlarged  London  Edition. 
With  Notes  and  Additions  by  Addinell  Hewsoic,  M.  D.,  Physician  to  Wills  Hospital,  &c.  &c. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  plates  and  numerous  wood-cuts.  (Preparing.) 
The  reputation  which  this  work  has  universally  attained  will  be  enhanced  by  the  present  edition. 
Besides  the  thorough  revision  by  the  author  which  it  has  enjoyed  in  recently  passing  through  the 
press  in  London,  the  additions  by  the  editor  will  embrace  whatever  is  necessary  to  adapt  it  com- 
pletely to  the  wants  of  the  American  practitioner,  constituting  it  a  library  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine 
and  Surgery. 


BLANCHARD  &   LEA'S  MEDICAL 


MACLI3E  (JOSEPH),   SURGEON. 

SURGICAL  ANATOMY.  Forming  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  qzrs 
With  sixty-eight  large  and  splendid  Plates,  drawn  in  the  best  style  and  beautifully  <x.  >i  ;-.- 
taining  one  hundred  and  ninety  Figures,  many  of  them  the  size  of  life.  Together  w  i  ^  • 
and  explanatory  letter-press.  Strongly  and  handsomely  bound  in  extra  cloth,  beiof  u*  -•'  J 
cheapest  and  best  executed  Surgica  works  as  yet  issued  in  this  country. 

Copies  can  be  sent  by  mail,  in  five  parts,  done  up  in  stout  covers. 

This  great  work  being  now  concluded,  the  publishers  confidently  present  it  to  the  aflecx  -'-* 
profession  as  worthy  in  every  respect  of  their  approbation  and  patronage.  No  compfee  *-*  <. 
the  kind  has  yet  been  published  in  the  English  language,  and  it  therefore  will  supply  a  vc  ts 
felt  in  this  country  or  an  accurate  and  comprehensive  Atlas  of  Surgical  Anatomy  to  *:-•:  * 
student  and  practitioner  can  at  all  times  refer,  to  ascertain  the  exact  relative  position  of  tbenr  1 
portions  of  the  human  frame  towards  each  other  and  to  the  surface,  as  well  as  their  tba^tuV 
viations.  The  importance  of  such  a  work  to  the  student  in  the  absence  of  anatomical  b&jzl  k. 
to  the  practitioner  when  about  attempting  an  operation,  is  evident,  while  the  price  of  the  bort  h 
withstanding  the  large  size,  beauty,  and  finish  of  the  very  numerous  illustrations,  is  *o  .-=*« 
place  it  within  the  reach  of  every  member  of  the  profession.  The  publishers  therefore  cu  'df 
anticipate  a  very  extended  circulation  for  this  magnificent  work. 

of  keeping  up  his  anatomical  knowleage.-X't* 
Timet. 
The  mechanical  execution  cannot  be  exc^*- 

Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  its  praise;  indeed, 
we  have  not  language  to  do  it  justice*— Ohio  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  admirable  aargical  atlas  we  have  seen. 
To  the  practitioner  deprived  of  demonstrative  dis- 
sections npon  the  human  subject,  it  is  an  invaluable 
companion. — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

The  most  accurately  engraved  and  beautifully 
colored  plates  we  have  ever  seen  in  an  American 
book— one  of  the  best  and  cheapest  surgical  works 
ever  published  .—Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

It  is  very  rare  that  so  elegantly  printed,  so  well 
illustrated,  and  so  useful  a  work,  is  offered  at  so 
moderate  a  price. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

Its  plates  can  boast  a  superiority  which  places 
them  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  competition.— Medi- 
cal Examiner. 


One  of  the  greatest  artistic  triumphs  of  the  age 
in  Surgical  Anatomy.— British  American  Medical 
Journal . 


Every  practitioner,  we  think,  should  have  a  work 
of  this  kind  within  reach.— Sealant  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

No  such  lithographic  illustrations  of  surgical  re- 
gions have  hitherto,  we  think,  been  given.— Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

As  a  surgical  anatomist,  Mr.  Mac  Use  has  proba- 
bly no  superior.— British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chi- 
rurgical  Review. 

Of  great  value  to  the  student  engaged  in  dissect- 
ing, and  to  the  surgeon  at  a  distance  from  the  means 


Transylvania  Medical  Journal. 

A  work  which  has  no  parallel  is  p«st  rf  *"- 
racy  and  cheapness  in  the  English  lasgv$*-.t 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

To  all  engaged  in  the  study  or  prietr*  >*t -' 

5rofession,  such  a  work  is  almost  uriupoitfi- 
)ublin  QuarUrlf  Medical  Journal. 

No  practitioner  whoae  means  will  s£=*  ft* 
fail  to  possess  itw— Ranking* s  Abstract. 


Country  practitioners  will  find  these  pUso^'s 
value.— N.  Y.  Medical  Gawttu. 


We  are  extremely  gratified  to  asaoesK  *;  -" 
profession  the  completion  of  this  truly  sc^ 
work,  which,  as  a  whole,  certainly  m*s  a 
vailed,  both  for  accuracy  of  drawue.  to0"1 ' 
coloring,  and  all  the  requisite  expUaa^v  «  ' 
subject  in  hand.— The  Kent  OrfaewJW** 
Surgical  Journal. 

This  is  by  far  the  ablest  work  on  Scrm-^ 
tomy  that  has  come  under  oar  obt*m->* 
know  of  no  other  work  that  would  jtsir  * r* 
dent,  in  any  degree,  for  neglect  of  sccl  t** 
tion.  In  tjiose  sadden  emergencies  tsu  ►  ' 
arise,  and  which  require  the  instanta**^1^^ 
of  minute  anatomical  knowledge,  a  work.;  ua^ 
keens  the  details  of  the  dissecting-rcxse  r^^ 
fresh  in  the  memory. — The  Western  Jeum*  4  *» 
cine  and  Surgeru, 


JsST  The  very  low  price  at  which  this  work  is  furnished,  and  the  beauty  of  its  ««£* 
require  an  extended  sale  to  compensate  the  publishers  for  the  heavy  expenses  incturel 


MULLER  (PROFESSOR  J.),  M.  D. 
PRINCIPLES  OF  PHYSICS  AND  METEOROLOGY.    Edited,  wiAi* 

lions,  by  R.  Eglesfkld  G-wffith,  M.  D.    In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  vohiac  ** 
cloth,  with  550  wood-cuts,  and  twp  colored  plates. 

The  Physics  of  Mailer  is  a  work  superb,  complete.  I  tion  to  the  scientific  records  of  thiseoas&T"1** 
nnioue :  the  greatest  want  known  to  English  Science  I  duly  estimated  by  the  faet  that  the  osstrtu*^ 
could  not  have  been  better  supplied.  The  work  is  I  nal  drawings  and  engravings  alone  has asteem* 
of  surpassing  interest.    The  value  of  this  contribu-  |  sum  of  £2,000.— Lancet. 


MAYNE  (JOHN),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  C.  S. 
A  DISPENSATORY  AND  THERAPEUTICAL  REMEMBRANCER  i> 

prising  the  entire  lists  of  Materia  Medica,  with  every  Practical  Formula  contained  si  th*  ~r 
British  Pharmacopoeias.   With  relative  Tables  subjoined,  illustrating,  by  upwards  of  *****[ 
and  sixty  examples,  the  Extemporaneous  Forms  and  Combinations  suitable  for  the  a** 
Medicines.    Edited,  with  the  addition  of  the  Formulae  of  the  United  States  Pbarmacopr* 
R.  Eqlbsfeld  Griffith,  M.  D.    In  one  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  900  large  p**^ 


MATTEUCCI  (CARLO). 
LECTURES  ON  THE  PHYSICAL  PHENOMENA  OP  LITINGBESf 

Edited  by  J.  Pbkeiba,  M.  D.    In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  eats,  &  f4* 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS.  23 

NEILL  (JOHN),  M.  D., 

Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Ac;  and 

FRANCIS  GURNEY  SMITH,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

AN  ANALYTICAL  COMPENDIUM  OF  THE  VARIOUS  BRANCHES 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE;  for  the  Use  and  Examination  of  Students.  Second  edition,  revised 
and  improved.  In  one  very  large  and  handsomely  printed  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  one 
thousand  pages,  with  three  hundred  and  fifty  illustrations  on  wood.  Strongly  bound  in  leather, 
with  raised  bands. 

The  speedy  sale  of  a  large  impression  of  this  work  has  afforded  to  the  authors  gratifying  evidence 
of  the  correctness  of  the  views  which  actuated  them  in  its  preparation.  In  meeting  the  demand 
for  a  second  edition,  they  have  therefore  been  desirous  to  render  it  more  worthy  of  the  favor  with 
which  it  has  been  received.  To  accomplish  this,  they  have  spared  neither  time  nor  labor  in  embo- 
dying in  it  such  discoveries  and  improvements  as  have  been  made  since  its  first  appearance,  and 
such  alterations  as  have  been  suggested  by  its  practical  use  in  the  class  and  examination-room. 
Considerable  modifications  have  thins  been  introduced  throughout  all  the  departments  treated  of  in 
the  volume,  but  more  especially  in  the  portion  devoted  to  the  "Practice  oj  Medicine,"  which  has 
been  entirely  rearranged  and  rewritten.  The  authors  therefore  again  submit  their  work  to  the 
profession,  with  the  hope  that  their  efforts  may  tend,  however  humbly,  to  advance  the  great  cause 
of  medical  education. 

Notwithstanding  the  enlarged  size  and  improved  execution  of  this  work,  the  price  has  not  been 
increased,  and  it  is  confidently  presented  as  one  of  the  cheapest  volumes  now  before  the  profession. 


In  the  rapid  coarse  of  lectures,  where  work  for 
the  students  is  heavy,  and  review  necessary  for  an 
examination,  a  compend  is  not  only  valuable,  bat 
it  is  almost  a  sine  qua  non.  The  one  before  as  is, 
in  most  of  the  divisions,  the  most  unexceptionable 
of  all  books  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of.  The 
newest  and  soundest  doctrines  and  the  latest  im- 
provements and  discoveries  are  explicitly,  though 
concisely,  laid  before  the  student.  Of  course  it  is 
useless  for  us  to  recommend  it  to  all  last  course 
students,  but  there  is  a  class  to  whom  we  very 
sincerely  commend  this  cheap  book  as  worth  its 
weight  in  silver— that  class  !>  the  graduates  in 
medicine  of  more  than  ten  years'  standing,  who 
have  not  studied  medicine  since.  Tbey  will  perhaps 
find  out  from  it  that  the  science  is  not  exactly  now 
what  it  was  when  they  left  it  off.—Tk«  Suthoscop* 


Having  made  free  use  of  this  volume  in  our  ex- 
aminations of  pupils,  we  can  speak  from  experi- 
ence in  recommending  it  as  an  admirable  compend 
for  students,  and  as  especially  useful  to  preceptors 
who  examine  their  pupils.  It  will  save  the  teacher 
much  labor  by  enabling  him  readily  to  recall  all  of 
the  points  upon  which  his  pupils  should  be  ex- 
amined. A  work  of  this  sort  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  one  who  takes  pupils  into  his  office  with  a 
view  of  examining  them;  and  this  is  unquestionably 
the  best  of  its  class.  Let  every  practitioner  who  has 
pupils  provide  himself  with  it,  and  he  will  find  the 
labor  or  refreshing  his  knowledge  so  much  facilitated 
that  he  will  be  able  to  do  justice  to  his  pupils  at  very 
little  cost  of  time  or  trouble  to  himself.— Trantfl- 
vania  Med.  Journal. 


NELIQAN  (J.   MOORE),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A.,  &c. 

A   PRACTICAL  TREATISE   ON  DISEASES  OF  THE   SKIN.    In  one 
neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  334  pages. 

OWEN  (PROF.    R.), 
Author  of"  Lectures  on  Comparative  Anatomy,"  "  Archetype  of  the  Skeleton,11  Ac. 

ON  THE  DIFFERENT  FORMS  OF  THE  SKELETON,  AND  OF  THE 

TEETH.    One  vol.  royal  12mo.,  with  numerous  illustrations.    {Now  Tliady.) 
The  name  of  the  distinguished  author  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  that  this  little  volume  will  prove 
a  satisfactory  manual  and  guide  to  all  students  of  Comparative  Anatomy  and  Osteology.    The  im- 
portance of  this*  subject  in  geological  investigations  will  also  render  this  work  a  most  valuable 
assistant  to  those  interested  in  that  science. 


PHILLIPS  (BENJAMIN),  F.  R.  3.,  &c. 
SCROFULA ;    its  Nature,  its  Prevalence,  its  Causes,  and  the  Principles  of  its 
Treatment.    In  one  volume,  octavo,  with  a  plate. 


PANCOAST  (J.),  M.D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  &c. 

OPERATIVE  SURGERY;  or,  A  Description  and  Demonstration  of  the  various 
Processes  of  the  Art;  including  all  the  New  Operations,  and  exhibiting  the  State  of  Surgical 
Science  in  its  present  advanced  condition.  Complete  in  one  roval  4io.  volume,  of  380  pages  ol 
letter-press  description  and  eighty  large  4to.  plates,  comprising  4$6  illustrations.  Second  edition, 
improved. 

Blanchard  &  Lea  having  become  the  publishers  of  this  important  book,  have  much  pleasure  in 
offering  it  to  the  profession. 

This  excellent  work  is  constructed  on  the  model  1  cerned,  we  are  proud  as  an  American  to  say  that, 
of  the  French  Surgical  Works  by  Velpeau  and  Mai- 1  ov  its  kind  it  has  no  bupkeioe.— N.  Y.  Journal  of 
gaigne;  and,  so  far  as  the  English  language  is  con-  |  Medicini. 


PARKER  (LANG3TON), 
Surgeon  to  the  Queen's  Hospital,  Birmingham. 

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASES,  BOTH  PRI- 
MARY AND  SECONDARY;  comprising  the  Treatment  of  Constitutional  and  Confirmed  Syphi 
lis,  by  a  sale  and  successful  method.  With  numerous  Cases,  Formulae,  and  Clinical  Observa- 
tions. From  the  Third  and  entirely  rewritten  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 
{Now  Ready,) 


24 


BLAKCHAKD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


(Nov>  CompUts.) 
PEREIRA  (JONATHAN),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  AND  L.  S. 
THE    ELEMENTS    OF   MATERIA    MEDICA   AND    THERAPEUTICS. 

Third  American  edition,  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  author;  including  Notice*  of  mart  o:  tie 
Medicinal  Substances  in  use  in  the  civilized  world,  and  forming  an  Encyclopaedia  of  Madera 
Medica.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Joseph  Cab  son,  M.  D.,  Profeeaor  of  Materia  Med«a  aai 
Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  two  very  large  octavo  volume©  of  2100  apes, 
on  small  type,  with  over  four  hundred  and  fifty  i  I  last  rat  ions. 
Volume  I.— Lately  issued,  containing  the  Inorganic  Materia  Medica,  oyer  800  pages,  wm  13 

illustrations. 
Volume  II. — Now  ready,  embraces  the  Organic  Materia  Medica,  and  forms  a  wi  t  large  ocx-> 
volume  of  1250  pages,  with  two  plates  and  three  hundred  handsome  wood-outs. 
The  present  edition  of  this  valuable  and  standard  work  will  enhance  in  every  respect  its  v*.- 
deserved  reputation.  The  care  bestowed  upon  its  revision  by  the  author  may  be  estimated  by  1* 
fact  that  its  size  has  been  increased  by  about  five  hundred  pages.  These  additions  hare  exfeacti 
to  every  portion  of  the  work,  and  embrace  not  only  the  materials  afforded  by  the  reoenx  ed-Axr*  j 
the  pharmacopoeias,  but  also  all  the  important  information  accessible  to  the  care  and  ia&sr-y  *" 
the  author  in  treatises,  essays,  memoirs,  monographs,  and  from  correspondents  in  varioas  per*  i 
the  globe.  In  this  manner  the  work  comprises  the  most  recent  and  reliable  information  re>prct_x 
all  the  articles  of  the  Materia  Medica,  their  natural  and  commercial  history,  chemical  and  tfien- 
peutical  properties,  preparation,  uses,  doses,  and  modes  of  administration,  brought  up  to  the  proa: 
time,  with  a  completeness  not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  u~A 
which  preceded  the  remainder  in  London,  has  also  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  a  further  revive  k 
the  author  expressly  for  this  country,  and  in  addition  to  this  the  editor,  Professor  Carson,  has  rzyx 
whatever  additions  appeared  desirable  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  a^_ » 
the  wants  of  the  American  profession.  An  equal  improvement  will  likewise  be  observable  m  ei**) 
department  of  its  mechanical  execution.  It  is  printed  from  new  type,  oa  good  while  paper,  vi»i 
greatly  extended  and  improved  aeries  of  illustration*. 

Gentlemen  who  have  the  first  volume  are  recommended  to  complete  their  copies  without  6ev 
The  first  volume  will  no  longer  be  sold  separate. 


When  we  remember  that  Philology,  Natural  His- 
tory, Botany,  Chemistry,  Physios,  and  the  Micro- 
scope, are  all  brought  forward  to  elucidate  the  sub- 
ject, one  cannot  fa fl  to  sea  that  the  reader  has  here 
a  work  worthy  of  the  name  of  an  encyclopedia  or 
Materia  Medica.  Our  own  opinion  of  its  merits  is 
that  of  its  editors,  and  also  that  of  the  whole  profes- 
sion, both  of  this  aad  foreign  countrieii-numely, 
"  that  in  copiousness  of  details,  in  extent,  variety, 
and  aceurncy  of  information,  and  in  lucid  explana- 
tion of  difficult  and  recondite  subject*,  it  surpasses 
all  other  works  on  Materia  Medica  hitherto  pub- 
lished." We  cannot  close  this  notice  without  allud- 
ing; to  the  special  additions  of  the  Amencun  editor, 
which  pertain  to  the  prominent  vegetable  prod  no- 
tions or  this  country,  and  to  the  directions  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  in  connection  with  all 
the  articles  contained  in  the  volume  which  are  re- 
ferred to  by  it.  The  illustrations  have  been  increased, 
and  this  edition  by  Dr.  Carson  cannot  well  be  re- 
garded In  any  other  light  than  that  of  a  treasure 
which  should  be  found  in  the  library  of  every  physi- 
cian .— JV«o  York  Journal  of  Mtdieal  and  Collateral 
Scunce,  March,  1854. 

The  third  edition  of  his  "  Elements  of  Materia 


Medica,  although  completed  nnder  the  soperriske  i 
others,  is  by  far  the  moat  elaborate  treatise  u  ix 
English  language,  and  will,  while  medical  ltsen  * 
is  cherished,  continue  a  monument  alike  &«**  m# 
to  his  genius,  as  to  his  learning  and  ia*itm- 
Atneriean  Journal  e/PAarsnacjr,  March,  1S54. 

The  work,  in  Its  present  shape,  and  so  far  ss  *■ 

be  judged  from  the  portion  before  the  pahlie.  ?'~g> 
the  most  comprehensive  and  complete  treatise  -i 
materia  medica  extant  in  the  Snsriiaa  laaraar- 
Dr.  Pereira  has  been  at  great  pains  to  i^tr^it 
into  his  work,  not  only  all  the  informal**  ■*  » 
natural,  chemical,  and  commercial  history  cc  -*-->- 
ciaes,  which  might  be  serviceable  to  the  pi- «.-  u. 
and  surgeon,  but  whatever  might  enable  tn  rs> 
ers  to  understand  thoroughly  the  mode  of  ?t?7-> 
ing  and  manufacturing  various  articles  eer!  r* 
either  for  preparing  medicines,  or  for  certata  ptf- 
poses  in  the  arts  connected  with  materia  esr.  n 
and  the  practice  of  medicine.  Tfae  aceoaats  <<  * 
physiological  and  therapeutic  effect*  uf  remote*  t* 
given  with  great  clearness  and  accuracy,  a*l  *i 
manner  calculated  to  interest  na  well  as  isss-sf. 
the  reader.— Tas  Edinburgh  Medical  aad  Ssvpt* 
Journal. 


PEA3ELEE  (E.  R.).  M.  D.s 

Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Dartmouth  College,  Jte. 

HUMAN  HISTOLOGY,  in  its  applications  to  PhyBiology  and  General  Pathol^ 
designed  as  a  Text-Book  for  Medical  Students.  With  numerous  illustrations.  In  one  banana* 
royal  12mo.  volume.    (Preparing*) 

The  subject  of  this  work  is  one,  the  growing  importance  of  which,  at  the  basis  of  AaatoanT  aw 
Physiology,  demands  for  it  a  separate  volume.  The  book  will  therefore  supply  an  acfcnow  «•£?: 
deficiency  in  medical  text-books,  while  the  name  of  the  author,  and  his  experience  as  a  teacher  t< 
the  last  thirteen  years,  is  a  guarantee  that  it  will  be  thoroughly  adapted  to  the  use  of  toe  j 


PIRRIE  (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  3.  E.y 
Professor  of  Surgery  an  the  University  of  Aberdeen. 

THE   PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY.    Edited  bj  Jan 

Neill,  M.  D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Surgeon  to  :* 

Pennsylvania  Hospital,  &c.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  780  pages,  with  315 1— *• 

tration.*.    (Just  Issued.) 

We  know  of  no  other  surgical  work  of  a  reason- 
able size,  wherein  there  is  so  much  theory  and  prac- 
tice, or  where  subjects  are  more  soundly  or  eiearly 
taaght<— ra«  Sutkoscojw. 

There  is  scarcely  a  disease  of  the  bona  or  soft 
parts,  fracture,  or  dislocation,  that  is  not  illustrated 
by  accurate  wood-engravings.  Then,  again,  every 
mstrument  employed  by  the  surgeon  Is  thus  repre- 
sented.   These  engravings  are  not  only  correct,  but       Our  impression  is,  that,  as  a  i 

really  beautiful,  showing  the  astonishing  degree  of   Pirrie's  is  the  best  work  extant.— -W«st*m  Jfed.sat' 
perfection  to  which  the  art  of  wood-engraving  baa    Surg.  Journal. 


arrived.  Prof.  Pirrie,  in  the 
elaborately  discussed  the  priaeiplee  of  sargvrr.  »* 
a  safe  and  effectual  practice  predicated  apaa  &-- 
Perhaps  no  work  upon  thie  subject  at«reWofr  as** 
is  so  fall  upon  the  science  of  the  art  of  satTcrr- 
Nashvilte  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surfer*. 

One  of  the  best  treatises  en  eamry  fa  the  &r* 
tenguage.~Ceaa4e  Med.  Jemtum. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


95 


RAM8BOTHAM  (FRANOIS  H.>,  M.D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND 

SURGERY,  in  reference  to  the  Process  of  Parturition.  A  new  and  enlarged  edition,  thoroughly 
revised  by  the  Author.  With  Additions  by  W.  V.  Keating,  M.  D.  In  one  large  and  handsome 
imperial  octavo  volume,  with  sixty-four  beautiful  Plates,  and  numerous  Wood-cuts  in  the  text, 
containing  in  all  nearly  two  hundred  large  and  beautiful  figures.  {Now  Ready.) 

In  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  the  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the. publishers 
would  remark  that  no  efforts  have  been  spared  to  secure  for  it  a  continuance  and  extension  of  the 
remarkable  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  last  London  issue,  which  wan  considera- 
bly enlarged,  has  received  a  further  revision  from  the  author,  especially  for  this  country.  Its  pas- 
sage through  the  press  here  has  been  supervised  by  Br.  Keating,  who  has  made  numerous  addi- 
tions with  a  view  of  presenting  more  fully  whatever  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to 
American  modes  of  practice.  In  its  mechanical  execution,  n  like  superiority  over  former  editions 
will  be  found.  The  plates  have  all  been  re-engraved  in  a  new  and  beautiful  style ;  many  additional 
illustrations  have  been  introduced,  and  in  every  point  of  typographical  finish  it  will  be  found  one  of 
the  handsomest  issues  of  the  American  press.  In  its  present  improved  and  enlarged  form  the  pub- 
lishers therefore  confidently  ask  for  it  a  place  in  every  medical  library,  as  a  text-book  for  the  student, 
or  a  manual  for  daily  reference  by  the  practitioner. 

From  Prof.  Hodge,  of  th*  University  of  Pa. 
To  the  American  public,  it  is  most  valuable,  from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  anthorized  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.   It*  circulation  will,  1  trust,  beextensivo  throughout 
our  country. 


We  recommend  the  student  who  desires  to  mas- 
ter this  difficult  subject  with  the  least  possible 
trouble,  to  possess  himself  at  once  of  a  copy  of  this 
-work. — American  Journal  of  the  Med.  Science*. 

It  stands  at  the  head  of  the  long  list  of  excellent 
obstetric  works  published  in  the  last  few  years  in 
Great  Britain,  Ireland  x  and  the  Continent  of  Eu- 
rope. We  consider  this  book  indispensable  to  the 
library  of  every  physician  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  midwifery.— Southern  Med.  and  Snrg.  Journal. 


When  the  whole  profession  is  thns  nnanlmons 
in  plncing  such  a  work  in  the  very  first  rank  as 
regards  the  extent  and  correctness  of  all  the  details 
of  the  theory  and  practice  of  so  important  a  branch 
of  learning,  our  commendation  or  condemnation 
would  be  of  little  consequence;  but  regarding  it 
as  the  most  useful  of  all  works  of  the  kind,  we 
think  it  but  an  act  of  justice  to  urge  its  claims 
upon  the  profession.— iV.  O.  Med.  Journal. 


RICORD  (P.),  M.D,, 
Burgeon  to  the  Hdpital  du  Midi,  Paris,  &e. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASE.  Translated  from  the  French, 

by  Thomas  F.  Bbtton,  M.  D.  With  the  addition  of  a  History  of  Syphilis,  and  a  complete  Bib- 
liography and  Formulary  of  Remedies,  collated  and  arranged,  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  M.  D.  With 
fifty  large  quarto  plates,  comprising  one  hundred  and  seventeen  beautiHiHy  colored  illustration. 
In  one  large  and  handsome  quarto  volume. 

bt  TBI  Sams  author.    {Nov>  Ready.) 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE.    By  John  Hunter,  F.  R.  S. 

With  copious  Additions,  by  Ph.  Ricord,  M.  D.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Freeman  J.  Bumstxad, 
M..  D.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  plates. 


Every  one  will  recognise  the  attractiveness  and 
value  which  this  work  derives  from  thus  presenting 
the  opinions  of  these  two  masters  side  by  side.  But, 
it  must  be  admitted,  what  has  made  the  fortune  of 
the  book*  is  the  fact  that  it  contains  the  "  most  com- 
plete embodiment  of  the  veritable  doctrines  of  the 
Hdpital  du  Midi,"  which  has  ever  been  made  public. 
The  doctrinal  ideas  of  M.  Ricord,  ideas  which,  if  not 
SMiiversally  adopted,  are  incontestably  dominant  have 
heretofore  only  been  interpreted  by  more  or  less  skilful 
secretaries,  sometimes  accredited  and  sometimes  not. 


In  the  notes  to  Hunter,  the  master  snbstitntes  him- 
self for  his  interpreters,  and  gives  his  original  thoughts 
to  the  world,  in  a  summary  form  it  is  true,  bui  in  a 
lucid  and  perfectly  intelligible  manner.  In  conclu- 
sion we  can  say  that  this  is  iaeontestabry  the  best 
treatise  on  syphilis  with  which  wo  are  acquainted, 
and,  as  we  do  not  often  employ  the  phrase,  we  may 
be  excused  for  expressing  the  hope  that  it  may  find 
a  plaee  in  the  library  of  every  physician—  Virginia 
Med.  and  Surg  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAVE  AUTHOR. 

LETTERS  ON  SYPHILIS,  addressed  to  tbe  Chief  Editor  of  the  Union  M&licale. 
With  an  Introduction,  by  Amedee  Latour.  Translated  by  W.  P.  Lattiraore,  M.  D.  In  one  seat 
octavo  volume. 

Blanchard  &  Lea  are  now  the  publishers  of  this  valuable  Work. 

From  the  Translator's  Preface, 

To  those  who  have  listened  to  the  able  and  interesting  lectures  of  our  author  at  the  Hdpital  du 

Midi,  this  volume  will  need  no  commendation;  while  to  those  who  have  not  had  the  pleasure  to 

which  we  allude,  the  book  will  commend  itself  by  the  truths  it  contains,  told  as  they  are  in  the 

same  inimitable  style  in  which  M.  Ricord  delivers  his  clinical  lectures* 


BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  VENEREAL  DISEASES.    With  a  Thera- 

Sutical  Summary  and  Special  Formutmry.  Translated  by  Sidney  Doanb,  M.  D.  Fourth  edition. 
ie  volume,  octavo,  340  page*. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


RIGBY  (EDWARD),  M.  D., 
Physician  to  the  General  Lying-in  Hospital,  Ac. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  MIDWIFERY.    With  Notes  and  Additional  Dhabid-i 
Second  American  Edition.    One  volume  octavo,  422  pages. 


ROYLE  (J.  FORBES),  M.  D. 
MATERIA  MEDIC  A  AND  THERAPEUTICS;  including  the  Prepantica  d 

the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  and  of  the  United  States.  With  djmtx* 
medicines.  Edited  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Phinc*;: 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  With  ninety-eight  illustrations.  In  one  large  octavo  rojet 
of  about  seven  hundred  pages. 


This  work  is,  indeed,  a  most  valuable  on©,  and 
will  fill  up  an  important  vacancy  that  existed  be- 
tween Dr.  Pereira's  most  learned  and  complete 
system  of  Materia  Medica,  and  the  class  of  pro- 


ductions on  the  other  extreme,  which  are  b«** 
sarily  imperfect  from  their  small  extest/-£n  * 
and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 


SKEY  (FREDERICK  C),  F.  R.  8.,  &c. 

OPERATIVE  SURGERY.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume  of  over  fi? 
pages,  with  about  one  hundred  wood-cuts. 

Its  literary  execution  is  superior  to  most  surgical 
It  abounds  in  excellent  moral  hints,  and 


is  replete  with  original  surgical  expedients  and  sug- 
gestions.—JBm^Wo  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

With  high  talents,  extensive  practice,  and  a  long 
experience.  Mr.  Skey  is  perhaps  competent  to  the 
task  of  writing  a  complete  work  on  operative  sur- 
gery.— Charleston  Med.  Journal. 


We  cannot  withhold  from  this  work  oar  kit-  f«- 
meodation.  8tndents and  practitioners  Willi:-  '■ 
invaluable  teacher  and  guide  upon  every  to?-- r  * 
nected  with  this  department.— N.  Y.  JMk*  «• 
xette. 

A  work  of  the  very  highest  importance—*  vrt 
by  itself.— London  Med.  Qmmotu. 


SHARPEY  (WILLIAM),  M.  D.,   JONES  QUAIN,   M.  D.,  AND 
RICHARD  QUAIN,  F.  R.  8.,  fee. 

HUMAN  ANATOMY.  Revised,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Lm* 
M.D.  Complete  in  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  about  thirteen  hundred  pages.  BevDa? 
illustrated  with  over  five  hundred  engravings  on  wood. 


It  is  indeed  a  work  calculated  to  make  an  era  in 
anatomical  study,  by  placing  before  the  student 
every  department  of  his  science,  with  a  view  to 
the  relative  importance  of  each ;  and  so  skilfully 
have  the  different  parts  been  interwoven,  that  no 
one  who  makes  this  work  the  basis  of  his  studies, 
will  hereafter  have  any  excuse  for  neglecting  or 
undervaluing  any  important  particulars  connected 
with  the  structure  of  the  human  frame;  and 
whether  the  bias  of  his  mind  lead  htm  in  a  more 
especial  manner  to  surgery,  physic,  or  physiology, 
he  will  find  here  a  work  at  once  so  comprehensive 
and  practical  as  to  defend  him  from  delusiveness 
on  the  one  hand,  and  pedantry  on  the  other. — 
Monthly  Journal  and  Retroepect  of  the  Medical 
Sciences. 


We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  J»i«  =* 
tise  on  anatomy  as  the  moat  complete  on  dat  a> 
ject  in  the  English  language;  and  the  rely  * 
perhaps,  in  any  language,  which  brinfi  the  a* 
of  knowledge  forward  to  the  most  reeeit  e»> 
veriea.— TA«  Edinburgh  Mad.  and  Smrg.  Jemna 

Admirably  calculated  to  fulfil  the  object  frret* 
it  is  intended. — Provincial  Medical  Jourwei. 

The  most  complete  Treatise  on  Asatnav  is  * 
English  language.— Edinburgh  Medical  Jevuu 

There  is  no  work  m  the  English  laarssget:* 

5 referred  to  Dr.  Quain's  Elements  of  Amu*?- 
ondon  Journal  o/Mtdicine. 


8MITH  (HENRY   H.),  M.  D.,  AND  HORNER  (WILLIAM  EJ,  M.D. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS,  illustrative  of  the  Structure  of  the  Human  Body 
In  one  volume,  large  imperial  octavo,  with  about  six  hundred  and  fifty  beautiful  figures 


These  figures  are  well  selected,  and  present  a 
complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  won- 
derful fabric,  the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this 
Atlas,  which  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient 
for  the  student,  and  its  superb  artistical  execution, 
have  been  already  pointed  out.    We  must  congratu- 


late the  student  upon  the  completion  ef  this A*i» 
as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  theta»:a* 
has  yet  appeared  :  and  we  most  add,  the  very  ** 
tiful  manner  in  which  it  is  "  got  up"  is  so  ere£w« 
to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  oar  s«fc» 
pride.— Am*  r*c<m  Medical  Journal. 


SARGENT  (F.  W.)f  M.  D. 
ON  BANDAGING  AND  OTHER  POINTS  OP  MINOR  SURGERT.  * 

one  handsome  royal  12rao.  volume  of  nearly  400  pages,  with  128  wood-cuts. 

The  very  best  manual  of  Minor  Surgery  we  have  |  We  have  carefully  examined  this  work.ssdiX : 
seen ;  an  American  volume,  with  nearly  four  hundred  !  well  executed  and  admirably  adapted  to  est  b*1 
pages  of  Rood  practical  lessons,  illustrated  by  about  ,  the  student.  Besides  the  subjects  usually  «■*** 
one  hundred  and  thirty  wood-cuts.  In  these  days  in  works  on  Minor  Surgery,  there  is  a  short  elwf* 
of  **  trial,"  when  a  doctor's  reputation  hangs  upon  '  on  bathing,  another  on  anaathetie  agent*  ■»* 
a  clove  hitch,  or  the  roll  of  a  bandage,  it  would  be  !  appendix  of  formulas.  The  author  hasgiva** 
well,  perhaps,  to  carry  such  a  volume  as  Mr.  Bar-  |  eel  lent  work  on  this  subject,  and  hia  pa  Waken*" 
gent's  always  in  our  coat-pocket,  or,  at  all  events,  I  illustrated  and  printed  it  ia  moat  beaatifal  *T»- 
to  listen  attentively  to  his  instructions  at  home.—  The  Charleston  Medical  Journal. 
Buffalo  Med.  Journal.  i 


STANLEY  (EDWARD). 
A  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  BONES. 

extra  cloth,  286  pages. 


In  one  volume,  oea* 


AND   SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS.  27 

STILLE  (ALFRED),  M.  D. 
PRINCIPLES  OP  THERAPEUTICS.     In  one  handsome  volume.  (Preparing.) 

SIMON  (JOHN),  F.  R.  3. 
GENERAL    PATHOLOGY,    as  conducive  to  the  Establishment  of  Rational 

Principles  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Disease.    A  Course  of  Lectures  delivered  at  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital  during  the  summer  Session  of  1850.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 


SMITH  (TYLER  W.),  M.  D., 

Lecturer  on  Obstetrics  in  the  Hunterian  School  of  Medicine. 

ON  PARTURITION.   AND   THE   PRINCIPLES   AND   PRACTICE  OP 

OBSTETRICS.    la  one  large  duodecimo  volume,  of  400  pages. 

SIBSON  (FRANCIS),    M.  D., 
Physician  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  ANATOMY.  Illustrating  the  Form,  Structure,  and  Position  of  the 
Infernal  Organs  in  Health  and  Disease.  In  large  imperial  quarto,  with  splendid  colored  plates. 
To  match  "  Maclise's  Surgical  Anatomy."    (In  Press.) 

SOLLY  (SAMUEL),  F.  R.  8. 
THE    HUMAN    BRAIN;    its  Structure,  Physiology,  and  Diseases.    With  a 
Description  of  the  Typical  Forms  of  the  Brain  in  the  Animal  Kingdom.    From  the  Second  and 
much  enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  octavo  volume,  with  120  wood-outs. 

SCHOEDLER(FRIEDRICH),  PH.D., 
Professor  of  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Worms,  &c. 

THE  BOOK  OP  NATURE;  an  Elementary  Introduction  to  the  Sciences  of 

Physics,  Astronomy,  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  Geology,  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology.  First 
American  edition,  with  a  Glossary  and  other  Additions  and  Improvements;  from  the  second 
English  edition.  Translated  from  the  sixth  German  edition,  by  Henry  Mrdlock,  F.  C.  S.Jkc. 
In  one  thick  volume,  small  octavo,  of  about  seven  hundred  pages,  with  679  illustrations  on  wood. 
Suitable  for  the  higher  Schools  and  private  students.    (Now  Ready.) 

This  volume,  as  its  title  shows,  covers  nearly  all  I  seen  presents  the  reader  with  so  wide  a  range  of  ele- 
the  sciences,  and  embodies  a  vast  amount  of  informa-  mentary  knowledge,  with  so  full  illustrations,  at  so 
tion  for  instruction.    No  other  work  that  we  have  |  cheap  a  rate<— Su/unan's  Journal,  Hay.  1653. 

TAYLOR  (ALFRED  8.),  M.  D.f  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Chemistry  in  Guy's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE.  Third  American,  from  the  fourth  and  improved 
English  Edition.  With  Notes  and  References  to  American  Decisions,  by  Edward  Hartshorns, 
M.  J).  In  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  about  seven  hundred  pages.  (Just  Issued.) 
We  know  of  no  work  on  Medical  Jurisprudence 

which  contains  in  the  same  space  anything  like  the 

same  amount  of  valuable  matter  .— JV.  IT.  Journal  of 


Medicine 

The  American  editor  has  appended  several  im- 
portant facts,  the  whole  constituting  by  far  the  best, 
most  reliable,  and  interesting  treatise  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence,  and  one  that  we  cannot  too  strongly 
recommend  to  all  who  desire  to  become  acquainted 
with  the  true  and  correct  exposition  of  this  depart- 
ment of  medical  literature.— Northern  Lancet. 

No  work  upon  the  subject  can  be  put  into  the 
hands  of  students  either  of  law  or  medicine  which 
will  engage  them  more  closely  or  profitably ;  and 
none  could  be  offered  to  the  busy  practitioner  of 
either  calling,  for  the  purpose  of  casual  or  hasty 

BT  THE  BAM*  AUTHOR. 

ON  POISONS,  IN  RELATION  TO  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE  AND 
MEDICINE.  Edited,  with  Noted  and  Additions,  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.  In  one  large  octavo 
volume,  of  688  pages. 


reference,  that  would  be  more  likely  to  afford  the  aid 
desired.  We  therefore  recommend  it  as  the  best  and 
safest  manual  for  daily  use.— American  Journal  of 
Medical  Sciences. 


We  have  heretofore  had  reason  to  refer  to  it  in 
terms  of  commendation,  and  need  now  only  state 
that,  in  the  edition  before  us,  the  author  has  com- 
pletely revised  the  whole  work,  making  many  addi- 
tions and  alterations,  and  brought  it  fully  up  to  the 
present  state  of  knowledge.  The  task  of  the  Ameri- 
can editor  has  been  to  present  all  the  important 
facts  and  cases  that  have  recently  occurred  in  our 
own  country,  bearing  on  the  subjects  treated  of. 
No  better  work  can  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
physician  or  jurist.— St.  Louis  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal.  „, 


The  most  elaborate  work  on  the  subject  that  our 
literature  possesses.— British  and  Foreign  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Review. 

It  contains  a  vast  bodv  of  facts,  which  embrace 
all  that  is  important  fn  toxicology,  all  that  is 
necessary  to  the  guidance  of  the  medical  jurist,  and 
all  that  can  be  desired  by  the  lawyer.  —  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Review. 


One  of  the  most  practical  and  trustworthy  works 
on  Poisons  in  our  language. — Western  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

It  is,  so  far  as  our  knowledge  extends,  incompa- 
rably the  best  upon  the  subject;  in  the  highest  de- 
gree creditable  to  the  author,  entirely  trustworthy, 
and  indispensable  to  the  student  and  practitioner*— 
N.  Y.  Annalist 


THOMSON  (A.  T.),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  8.,  &e. 
DOMESTIC  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  SICK  ROOM,  necessary  in  aid  of 
Medical  Treatment  for  the  Cure  of  Diseases.    Edited  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.    In  one  large 
royal  12mo.  volume,  with  wood-cuts,  960  pages. 


BLANCHARD   &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


TOMES  (JOHN),   F.  R.  S. 
A  MANUAL  OF  DENTAL  PRACTICE.    Ulnstnted  by  im—nwi  cBprc 

oq  wood.    In  one  handsome  volume.    (Preparing.) 

TODD  (R.  B.),  M.  D.,  AND  BOWMAN  (WILLIAM),  F.  R,S. 
PHYSIOLOGICAL    ANATOMY  AND    PHYSIOLOGY  OP   MAX.   Tz 

numerous  handsome  wood-cots.    Parts  I,  II,  and  III,  in  one  octavo  volume,  502  pages.    Fir .~ 

will  complete  the  work. 

The  distinguishing  peculiarity  of  this  work  is,  that  the  authors  investigate  far  tbrm**^---- 
fact  asserted ;  and  it  is  the  immense  labor  consequent  upon  the  vast  number  of  obee<v-      > 
quisite  to  carry  out  this  plan,  which  has  so  long  delayed  the  appearance  of  h«  cos:?~    : 
first  portion  ol  Part  IV,  with  numerous  original  illustrations,  was  published  m  the  Hcc  s.  .  - 
and  Library  for  1853,  and  the  completion  will  be  issued  immediately  on  its  appearance  - 1*. 
Those  who  have  subscribed  since  the  appearance  of  the  preceding  portion  off  the  wer*  cau  - 
the  three  parts  by  mail,  on  remittance  of  $2  50  to  the  publishers. 

WATSON  (THOMAS),  M.  D.f   Ac. 
LECTURES   ON    THE  PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE    OF  PHT;: 

Third  American,  from  the  last  London  edition.    Revived,  with  Addition*,  by  D.  Fiasco 

M.  D  ,  author  of  a  "  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  cie.    In  one  octavo  Toms*.  *,  -- 

eleven  hundred  large  pages,  strongly  bound  with  raised  bands. 

To  say  that  it  is  the  very  best  work  on  the  sub*  I     Confessedly  one  of  the  very  best  w~ti  t  - 
|ect  sow  extant,  is  but  to  echo  the  sentiment  of  the  j  principles  and  practice  of  physic  in  vttLu^ 
medical   press    throughout   the   country.  —  N.  O.    any  other  language.— Med.  fnatwr. 
Medical  Journal.  |      Asa  text-book  it  has  sscqmal;  asac—- «* 

Of  the  text-books  recently  republished  Watson  is  '  «f  J**010**  •«*  practice  aw  smperMir-.Vr 
very  justly  the  principal  favorite. — Holmes's  Rgp.    annalist. 

to  Nat.  Med.  Assoc.  We  know  of  no  work  better  ealcahrterf  f  *  .■ 

„  . .  .         .  ..       placed  in  the  hands  of  the  studeat.  as-?     *  i " 

By  universal  consent  the  work  ranks  among  the    J^.  ^  erery  import,^  -^ia,  the  as;*-  ■- 

iry  best  text-books  m  oar  language.— /Jfsaeu  and    -     .  '  .    *    — "7 .     .     r~rr  . 


vary 

Indiana  Med.  Journal. 

Regarded  on  all  hands  as  one  of  the  vary  best,  if 
not  the  very  best,  systematic  treatise  on  practical  , 
medicine  extant. — St.  Louis  Med.  Journal.  i  Journal. 


to  have  posted  up  bin   knowledge  to  the  a~- 
Amer.  Med.  Journal. 

One  of  the  most  practically  aserai  W*b  ' 
ever  was  presented  to  the  atndeat.  —  jr.  1  * 


WALSHE  (W.   H.)f   M.D., 

Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  University  College, 

DISEASES    OP    THE    HEART,    LUNGS,    AND    APPENDAGES;  ^ 

Symptoms  and  Treatment.    In  one  .handsome  volume,  large  royal  12mo.,  512  pages. 
We  consider  this  as  the  ablest  work  in  the  En-  I  the  author  being  thn  first  strthnat  opisl  n'ru  *r 
gUsh  language,  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats;  |  Charleston  MeaicalJournai . 

WHAT  TO  OBSERVE 
AT    THE    BEDSIDE    AND    AFTER   DEATH,   IN    MEDICAL  CA5S 

Published  under  the  a  uthority  of  the  London  Society  for  Medical  Observation-     A  near  JL=*  » 

from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.    In  one  very  handsome  volume,  royal  I'n-^  ** 

cloth.     (Now  Ready.) 

The  demand  which  has  so  rapidly  exhausted  the  first  edition  of  ibis  little  work,  sbov^r:-  - 
advantages  it  offers  to  the  profession  have  been  duly  appreciated,  and  has  stimulated  the  is  "* 
render  it  more  worthy  of  its  reputation.  It  has  therefore  been  thoroughly  revised,  and  ^  - 
provements  (among  which  is  a  section  on  Treatment)  have  been  made  as  farther  experxas 
its  use  has  shown  to  be  desirable. 

We  hail  the  appearance  of  this  book  as  the  grand  given  to  the  world,  through  a  snail  bet  «■* 
danidentamr— Charleston  Medical  Journal.  medical  organization,  a  eheap  bat  umtsi. *  ■» 

This  is  truly  a  very  capital  book.    The  whole  a^i^^^ 

medical  world  will  reap  advantages  from  its  pubh-  aelf  superior  to  the  ordinary  KnWcasae?  =•«- 

cation.    The  medical  journals  will  soon  show  its  in  gU   months  sea  its  inimtimmhlT^Tn'T*' 

influenceonthecharacterofthe"  Reports  of  Cases"  stethoscope  rmmvea  saw* 

which  they  publish.    Drs.  Ballard  and  Walshe  have 


WILDE  (W.   R.)f 
Surgeon  to  St.  Mark's  Oahthalroie  and  Aural  Hospital,  Dublin. 

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND  THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  0F:> 

EASES  OF  THE  EAR.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  illustrations.  (SlmS** 
So  little  is  generally  known  in  this  country  concerning  the  causes,  symptoms,  and  tresss*  ' 
aural  affections,  that  a  practical  and  scientific  work  on  that  subject,  from  n  practitioner «  * 
Wilde's  great  experience,  cannot  fail  to  be  productive  of  much  benefit,  by  atlractiaf  s**' " 
to  this  obscure  class  of  diseases,  which  too  frequently  escape  attention  until  past  relief  T»* 
manse  number  of  cases  which  have  come  under  Mr.  Wilde's  observation  for  many  ye*^ 5* 
afforded  him  opportunities  rarely  enjoyed  for  investigating  this  branch  of  medical  science.*** 
work  may  therefore  be  regarded  as  of  the  highest  authority. 

This  work  certainly  contains  more  Information  oa  laws,  and  amenable  to  the  same  general  ■*»* 
the  subject  to  which  it  is  devoied  than  any  other  treatment  as  oiher  morbid  pimesnii  Tat*** 
with  which  we  are  acquainted.  We  feel  grateful  to 
the  author  lor  his  manful  eftbrt  to  rescue  this  depart, 
ment  of  surgery  from  the  hands  of  the  empirics  who 
nearly  monopolize  it.  We  think  he  has  successfully 
shown*  that  aural  diseases  are  not  beyond  the  re- 
sources of  art;  that  they  are  governed  by  the  same 


not  written  to  supply  the  cravings of  pops'* 
»,  bat  it  is  wholly  addressed  to  the  FjJJT. 
bears  on  every  page  the  impress  sf  na  "•fj, 

of  a  sagacious  and  practical  surgeon.—  fa.  S*t m 

Med.  Journal 


AND  SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


29 


WILSON   (ERASMUS),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.y 

Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  London. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY,  General  and  Special.    Fourth  Amen- 

can,  from  the  last  English  edition*.  Edited  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  A.  M.,  M.  D.  With  two  him- 
dred  and  fifty  illustrations.  Beautifully  printed,  in  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  six  hun- 
dred pages. 


In  many,  if  not  all  the  Colleges  of  the  Union,  it 
has  become  a  standard  text-book.  This,  of  itself, 
is  sufficiently  expressive  of  its  value.  A  work  very 
desirable  to  the  student;  one.  the  possession  of 
which  will  greatly  facilitate  nis  progress  in  the 
study  of  Practical  Anatomy.— Mir  Tot*  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

Its  author  ranks  with  the  highest  on  Anatomy.— 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


It  offers  to  the  student  all  the  nssistance  that  can 
be  expected  from  suoh  a  work.— Medical  Examiner. 

The  most  complete  and  convenient  manual,  for  the 
student  we  possess.— American  Journal  of  Mediant 
Science. 

In  every  respect,  this  work  as  a*  anatomical 
guide  for  the  student  and  practitioner,  merits  our 
warmest  and  most  decided  praise.— London  Medieol 
Gazette. 

BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

THE  DISSECTOR;  or,  Practical  and  Surgical  Anatomy.  Modified  and  Re- 
arranged, by  Paul  Beck  Goddard,  M.  13.  A  new  edition,  with  Revisions  and  Additions.  In. 
one  large  and  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  with  one  hundred  and  fifteen  illustrations. 

In  passing  this  work  again  through  the  press,  the  editor  has  made  such  additions  and  improve- 
ments as  the  advance  of  anatomical  knowledge  has  rendered  necessary  to  maintain  the  work  in  the 
high  reputation  which  it  has  acquired  in  the  schools  of  the  United  States,  as  a  complete  and  faithful 
guide  to  the  student  of  practical  anatomy.  A  number  of  new  illustrations  have  been  added,  espe- 
cially in  the  portion  relating  to  the  complicated  anatomy  of  Hernia.  In  mechanical  execution  the 
work  will  be  found  superior  to  former  editions. 

BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ON   DISEASES   OF  THE   SKIN.    Third  American,  from  the  third  London 

edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  about  five  hundred  pages,  extra  cloth.  {Just  Issued.) 
Also,  to  be  had  done  up  with  fifteen  beautiful  steel  plates,  of  which  eight  are  exquisitely  colored; 

representing  the  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Skin,  together  with  accurately  colored 

delineations  of  more  than  sixty  varieties  of  disease,  moat  of  them  the  size  of  nature.    The  Plates 

are  also  for  sale  separate,  done  up  in  boards. 

The  increased  size  of  this  edition  is  sufficient  evidence  that  the  author  has  not  been  content 
with  a  mere  republication,  but  has  endeavored  to  maintain  the  high  character  of  his  work  as  the 
standard  text-book  on  this  interesting  and  difficult  class  of  diseases.  He  has  thus  introduced  such 
new  matter  as  the  experience  of  the  last  three  or  four  years  has  suggested,  and  has  made  such 
alterations  as  the  progress  of  scientific  investigation  has  rendered  expedient.  The  illustrations  have 
also  been  materially  augmented,  the  number  of  plates  being  increased  from  eight  to  sixteen. 


Of  these  plates  it  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly. 
The  representations  of  the  various  forms  of  cuta- 
neous disease  are  singularly  accurate,  und  the  color- 
ing exceeds  almost  anything  we  have  met  with  in 
point  of  delicacy  and  finish.— Britis h  and  Foreign 
Medical  Review. 


The  "  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  by  Mr.  Era  am  as 
Wilson,  may  now  be  regarded  as  the  standard  work 
in  that  department  of  medical  literature.  The 
plates  by  which  this  edition  is  accompanied  leave 
nothing  to  be  desired,  so  far  as  excellence  of  delinea- 
tion and  perfect  accuracy  of  illustration  are  con- 
cerned .— Medic o-Chirurg\cal  Review. 

BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ON   CONSTITUTIONAL   AND    HEREDITARY    SYPHILIS,  AND    ON 

SYPHILITIC  ERUPTIONS.    In  one  small  octavo  volume,  beautifully  printed,  with  four  exqui- 
site colored  plates,  presenting  more  than  thirty  varieties  of  syphilitic  eruptions. 


connection  with  its  traaamiaaibility,  pathology  and 
sequela.  His  facta  and  references  will,  we  are  satis* 
fied,  be  received  as  decisive,  in  regard  to  many 
questiones  vexatm.  They  appear  to  us  entitled  te 
notice  at  some  length. — Medtcal  Examiner. 


Dr.  Wilson's  views  on  the  general  subject  of 
Syphilis  appear  to  as  in  the  mam  soaad  aad  judi- 
cious, and  we  commend  the  book  as  an  excellent 
monograph  on  the  subject.  Dr.  Wilson  has  ab- 
sented us  a  very  faithful  and  lucid  description  of 
Syphilis  and  has  cleared  np  many  obscure  points  in 

BT  the  same  AUTHOR.    (Now  Ready.) 

HEALTHY  SKIN;  A  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Skin  and  Hair,  their  Preserva- 
tion and  Management.  Second  American,  from  the  fourth  London  edition.  One  neat  volume, 
royal  12mo.,  with  numerous  illustrations. 

Copies  can  be  had  done  up  in  paper  covers  for  mailing,  price  75  cents. 


WHITEHEAD  (JAMES),   F.  R.  C.  S.f   fee. 
THE  CAUSES  AND  TREATMENT  OF  ABORTION  AND  STEMLITY; 

being  the  Result  of  an  Extended  Practical  Inquiry  into  the  Physiological  and  Morbid  Conditions 

of  the  Uterus.    Second  American  Edition.    In  one  volume,  octavo,  368  pages.    (Note  Ready.) 

The  simple  title  of  this  work  gives  a  very  imper-     this  department  of  our  profession,  that  the  praeli- 

fect  idea  of  its  contents.    The  subject  of  sterility    turner  who  does  not  consult  the  recent  works  on  the 

occupies  a  mere  fraction  of  space,  and  upwards  of    complaints  of  females,  will  soon  find  himself  in  the 

one-half  of  the  whole  volume  is  taken  up  with  an     rear  of  his  more  studious  brethren.    This  is  one  pi 

elaborate  account  of  menstruation  as  a  physiological    the  works  which  must  be  studied  by  those  wlo 

process,  and  of  the  disorders  which  its  deviations    would  know  what  the  present  stateof  our  knowledge 

from  health  are  apt  to  produce.— Medical  Chirurg.    is  respecting  the  causes  and  treatment  of  abortion 

Review.  and  sterility.— The  Western  Toumal  of  Medicine  and 

Saoh  are  the  advances  made  from  year  to  year  in    s«*r**«nr. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


WEST  (CHARLES),    M.  D., 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  Ac.  - 

LECTURES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OP  INFANCY  AND  CHILDHOOD 

Second  American!  from  the  Second  and  Enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  volume,  oearo, «.' 
nearly  five  hundred  pages.    (Now  Ready.) 

From  the  Preface  to  the  Second  Edition. 
In  the  preparation  of  the  second  edition  of  these  Lectures,  the  whole  work  hem  beea  eoc:V- 
revised.  A  few  formula)  nave  been  introduced  and  a  minute  alphabetical  index  has  been  appab 
while  additions  amounting  altogether  to  fifty  pages,  have  been  made,  wherever  I  fell  that  e* 
extended  observation,  or  more  careful  reflection  had  enabled  me  to  supply  some  of  those  deficieecei 
which  I  am  well  aware,  are  still  far  too  numerous.  The  work  now  contains  the  result  oi'w) 
observations,  and  199  post-mortem  examinations,  chiefly  made  among  16,276  children  who  mx 
under  my  notice  during  the  ten  years  of  my  connection  with  the  Children's  Infirmary  ia  Laobtii 


We  take  leave  of  Dr.  West  with  great  respect  for 
his  attainments,  a  due  appreciation  of  his  acute 
powers  of  observation,  and  a  deep  sense  of  obliga- 
tion for  this  valuable  contribution  to  onr  profes- 
sional literature.  His  book  is  undoubtedly  in  many 
respects  the  best  we  possess  on  diseases  of  children. 
The  extracts  we  have  given  will,  we  hope,  satisfy 
onr  readers  of  its  value;  and  yet  in  all  candor  we 
must  say  that  they  are  even  inferior  to  some  other 
parts,  the  length  of  which  prohibited  our  entering 
upon  them.  That  the  book  will  shortly  be  in  the 
hands  of  most  of  our  readers  we  do  not  doubt,  and  it 
will  give  us  much  pleasure  if  our  strong  recommend- 
ation of  it  may  contribute  towards  the  result. — The 
Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  ef  Medical  Science. 

Dr.  West  has  placed  the  profession  under  deep  ob- 
ligation by  this  able,  thorough,  and  finished  work 


upon  a  subject  which  aim  oat  daily  taxes  to  um  «- 
most  the  skill  of  the  general  practitioner.  Re  ka 
with  singular  felicity  threaded  his  way  throat*  il 
the  tortuous  labyrinths  of  the  difficult  sabjeet  w  u* 
undertaken  to  elucidate,  and  has  in  near  "i  at 
darkest  corners  left  a  light,  for  the  brueutdmt 
ceeding  travellers,  which  will  never  beeatiapatd 
Not  the  least  captivating  feature  in  this  adauru< 
performance  is  its  easy,  conversation*]  style,  vfe  * 
acquires  force  from  its  very  simplicity,  and  hni 
an  impression  noon  the  memory,  of  the  trans  .* 
conveys,  as  clear  and  refreahiaa;  m*  its  ova  nun 
The  author's  position  seen  red  him  extraordifiarr.> 
cilities  for  the  investigation  of  children's  dim** 
and  hia  powers  of  observation  and  diseriauBi::  ? 
have  enabled  him  to  make  the  moat  at  these  mi 
advnntages.—MuAotJfe  Ucdicmi  Journal. 


BY  thi  same  adthoe.    (Now  Ready.) 

AN  ENQUIRY  INTO  THE  PATHOLOGICAL  IMPORTANCE  OF  ULCER- 
ATION OF  THE  OS  UTERI.  Being  the  Croonian  Lectures  for  the  year  1854  In  one  a* 
octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 


WILLIAMS  (C.  J.  B.),   M.D.,   F.  R.  3., 
Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  University  College,  London,  dee. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE;  comprising  General  Pathology  and  Therapy 
tics,  and  a  brief  general  view  of  Etiology,  Nosology,  Semeiology,  Diagnosis,  Prcgsoas.  av 
Hygienics.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Meredith  Cltmer,  M.  D.  Fourth  American,  from  » 
last  and  enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  octavo  volume,  of  476  pages.    (Noep  Ready.) 

This  new  edition  has  been  materially  enlarged  and  brought  up  by  the  editor. 

It  possesses  the  strongest  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  medical  student  and  practitioner,  son 
the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  various  inquiries  in  the  different  branches  of  psaboJorr  a* 
investigated,  combined,  and  generalized  by  an  experienced  practical  physician,  emd  directly  appta 
to  the  investigation  and  treatment  of  disease.— Editor's  Pbsfacz. 

The  best  exposition  ia  onr  language,  or,  we  be-  I  Few  books  have  proved  more  a-aefnl,  or  ma  wM 
lieve,  in  any  language,  of  rational  medicine,  in  its  I  a  more  ready  sale  than  this,  sad  ao  practitts*: 
present  improved  and  rapidly  improving  state.  —  ]  should  regard  his  library  as  Tmrlfrfir  witaest  ~ 
British  and  Foreign  Medieo-Chirurg.  Review.  \  —Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  RESPIRATORI 

ORGANS ;  including  Diseases  of  the  Larynx,  Traohea,  Lungs,  and  Pleurae.     With  nnmetos 
Additions  and  Notes,  by  M.  Clymke,  M.  D.    With  wood-cuts.    In  one  octavo  volume,  p^  5fe 


YOUATT  (WILLIAM),  V.  S. 

THE    HORSE.     A  new  edition,  with  numerous  illustrations;  together  with « 

feneral  history  of  the  Horse;  a  Dissertation  on  the  American  Trotting  Horse ;  how  Trained** 
ockeyed;  an  Account  of  his  Remarkable  Performances ;  and  an  Essay  on  the  Aas  and  the  Mae 
By  J.  S.  Skinner,  formerly  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  and  Editor  of  the  Turf  Reg**: 
One  large  octavo  volume. 

BT  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

THE  DOG.    Edited  by  E.  J.  Lewis,  M.  D.    With  numerous  sad  betot*- 

illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  volume,  crown  8vo.,  crimson  cloth,  gilt. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


31 


B.  &  L,  subjoin  a  condensed  list'  of  their  publications  in  general  and  educational 
literature,  of  which  more  detailed  catalogues  will  be  furnished  on  application. 


HISTORY  AND 

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NOTS, 1  vol.  8vo. 

CAMPBELL'S  (LORD)  LIVES  OF  THE  LORD 
CHANCELLORS  OP  ENGLAND,  from  the  earl- 
iest limes  to  the  Reign  of  George  IV.  In  seven 
handsome  crown  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth  or 
half  morocco. 

CAMPBELL'S  (LORD)  LIVES  OF  THE  CHIEF 
JUSTICES  OF  ENGLAND,  from  the  Norman 
Conquest.  In  two  handsome  orown  octavo  vols., 
10  match  the  **  Chancellors." 

DIXON'S  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  PENN.  A  new 
work.    1  vol.  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth. 

GRAHAME'3  COLONIAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 
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