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MEDICAL LEXICON.
DICTIONARY
MEDICAL SCIENCE
CONTAININO
A CONC7I8B EXPLANATION OF THE VABI0U8 SUBJECTS AND TERMS; WITH THE FRENCH
AND OTHER 87N0NYMES; NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF CELEBRATED
MINERAL WATERS: FORMULiE COR VARIOUS OFFICINAL
AND EMPIRICAL PREPARATIONS, ETC.
BOBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D.,
rmormmnoR of 'Ob uumvm or midioiiib, sto., in jirfEEaoR mnioAi. collboi, pbiladilpbia.
SEVENTH EDITION.
OABBFOLLT BEVISED AHD OBBATLT EHLABaBD.
PHILADELPHIA:
LEA AND BLANCHARD
1848.
fintnpA according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1848,
Bt Lka ahd Blarchaed,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
WM. 8. T0UN«y Fa.y 50 N. SIZTB ST.
TO
ROBERT M. PATTERSON, M.D.
DIBKCTOR or THK MIVT Or THK VNITXD 8TATB8, TICX PRKSIDIHT Or TBX
AMBRICAJI PHIL080PHICAI. 80CIXTT, XTC. XTC.
OHOB HIS OOLUBAGUB IN TKB UVIVB&SITT OF VZBailfIA,
ALWAYS HIS FRIEND,
VMS work te Bettcnteti,
FOE THS SBVZHTH TIIU9
WITH UVCHANQKD AMD UKCHAMGIABLK BXHTIMBHTB, BT
THE AUTHOR.
PMiuMpkiaf Seplember, 1848.
PREFACE
TO THE SEVENTH EDITION.
In issuing the present edition of bis Dictionary, it is but ne-
cessary for tbe autbor to repeat wbat be stated in tbe preface to
the sixth edition, in regard to the cares bestowed by him on its
revision and improvement, and the great objects which he has
always kept in view. That edition — as tbe autbor remarked —
comprised nearly two thousand five hundred subjects and terms
not contained in the one immediately preceding, many of which
had been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of
the progress of the science, and others had escaped him in pre-
vious revisions.
That the author has not sufiered his exertions to flag in the
preparation of the present edition is sufiiciently manifested by
the fact, that be has added beiiveen six and seven thousand terms^
which are not to be found in the previous editions. To accom-
modate these, not only has the size of the page been increased,
bat the whole work has been enlarged by more than one hundred
pages. These additions have necessarily required a vast amount
of labour, which has been cheerfully bestowed, in order that the
work might be made still more worthy of the great favour which
it has experienced. It has ever been the anxious wish of the
author, to render it " a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispen-
sabk — Lexicon, in which the student may search without disap-
poiDtment for every term that has been legitimated in the no-
Yl PREFACE.
menclature of the science. This desideratum he is enabled to
attempt in successive editions, by reason of the work not being
stereotyped/'
The present carefully revised and greatly enlarged edition
cannot fail to be more extensively useful, and offers stronger
claims to the attention of the practitioner and student than any
of its predecessors.
The author gladly iterates the testimony borne by him, in the
preface to the last edition, to the assiduity and accuracy im-
pressed on the typographical department by Mr. Young, who
printed also the four preceding editions,
ROBLEY DUNGLISON;
Philadxlphu, 34pt§mUr^ 1848%
PBEFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
Thb present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints^ made by
the author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous
topics of professional inquiry,— especially of recent introduction, — in the medical
dictionaries accessible to them*
It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of medical
subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the science.
In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found occasion to add
several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the only medical
lexicon at this time in circulation in the country.
The present edition will be found to contain many hundred ~terms more than
the first, and to have experienced numerous additions and modificatioa9.
The author's object has not been to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of
terms, but to afibrd, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations,
and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical sci-
ence. In its preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French,
and German works of the same nature, and has endeavoured to add every subject
and term of recent introduction, which has fallen under his notice ; yet, with all
his care, it will doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The nume-
rous additions, however, which he has made, and his strong desire to be useful,
" by removing rubbish and clearing obstructions from the paths through which
learning and genius press forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate
these and other objections that might be urged against the work ; especially when
the toil, which every compiler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consi-
deration ; a toil which has been so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexico-
grapher, as well as by the distinguished Scaxioks :
" Si qQelqa'an a commis qaelqne crime odieax,
S'il a tu6 son p^re, on blasph^m^ les Dienz,
QaMl fasse on Lexicon : s'il est supplice an monde
Qui le ponisM mieox, je venx que I'on me tonde.''
EXPLANATION.
If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the
term may be sufficient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained
under the term referred to. For ezample, the French word Tronc is -said to
be synonymous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer; should it
not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Drunk,
ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.
Arabic.
Ch.
Chanssier.
D.
Dutch.
Da.
Danish.
E.
English.
F.
French.
F. or Fah.
Fahrenheit
Fam.
Family.
G.
German.
Heb.
Hebrew.
I.
Italian.
L.
Latin.
Linn.
Linnieus.
NatOrd.
Natural Order.
P.
Portngnese.
Ph.D.
PharmacopcBia of Dablin.
Ph.E.
u
Edinburgh.
Ph.L.
u
London.
Ph. P.
«
Paris.
Ph. U.S.
ii
America.
(Edit. 1842.)
R.
R^anmur.
S.
Spanish.
S.g.
Specific Gravity.
Sax.
Anglo-Saxon.
Sex. Syst.
Sexual System.
Sw.
Swedish.
NEW DICTIONARY
OF
MEDICAL SCIENCE.
A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a,
«y, bave, in the coxnpomid medical term^ a
privative or debasing signification, like that of
the particles in, im, un, •>, in English. Thus
StJUnt^a means strength ; — Asthenia, want of
strength \r-An€emia, want of blood, &c . Occa-
siooallj, in compound words, the/ have an in-
tensive meaning.
AACHEN, Aiz-la-Chapelle.
A, or AA. See Abbreviation.
AARZHIL, MNERAL WATERS OF. A.
is in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The
chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and
sodiom, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron,
and solphohydric acid gas.
AASMUS, Anhelatio.
ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hy-
dro-sulphuretted saline spring, not £u' from Ka-
tisbon or Regentsberg in Bavaria.
ABAISSEMENTyVeipression: see Cataract
-^. de la Matrice, Prolapsus uteri.
ABAISSEUR DE VAILE DUNEZ, De-
pressor alae nasi — a. de VangU des llvres. De-
pressor angnli oris — a, de la Uvre inferieure,
Depressor labii inferioris — a, de la Maehoire in-
ferieurey Digastricus — a. de Pail, Rectus infe-
rior oculi.
ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity.
ABALIENA'TUS. Cormp'tus, Corrupted,
from ab, and alienus, 'different.' Membra aba-
fieiu/ta. Limbs dead, or benumbed. — Celsus,
Scribonius Largus.
ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants
of St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm' tree, the
^eeds of which they consider very useful in dis-
««s of the chest, in the dose of three or four,
given two or three times a day.
ABAPTIST'A. Abaptiston or AbaptisUum,
from a privative, and {inTtntet r, * to plunge . ' A
tprm applied to the old trepan, the conical shape
of wlucn prevented it from plunging suddenly
into tne cavity of the cranium.
ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.
ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista.
ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, wjbich
STOWS in the moimtains, and appears to be a
mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its
Wk, which is bitter and astringent, was applied,
in that country, to ulcers of a bad character.
ABARNAHAS, Magnesia.
AB ARTICUL A'TIO, Diarthrosis and Synar-
throsis.
2
ABBREVIATION
AMATARDISSEMENT, Degeneration.
ABATTEMENT, Prostration.
ABATTIS, Giblets.
ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris,
and one from Poissy. It was once much fre-
quented, but is now abandoned.
ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
An acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the
department of Somme, France.
ABBREVIATION, Abbrevta'tio, Braehifn''
sis, Braehys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abri-
viation, from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations
are chiefly used in medicinal formulae. They
are by no means as frequently employed now
as of old, when every article had its appropriate
symbol. The chief abbreviations now adopted
are the following :
R. Recipe, Take.
A. A A, ANA, (flti-a) utriusquey of each.
Abdom. Abdomen.
Abs. Febr. Absente fehre^ In the absence of
fever.
Ad. or Add. Adde or addaJtur,
Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
Alte&n. hor. Alternis koris. Every other
hour.
Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adstrietS, The bowels
being confined.
Aq. Aqtia, Water.
Aq. Comx. Aqua communis. Common water.
Aq. Font. Aquaforitis, Spring water.
Aq. 'QvLi,. Aqua bulliens, Boiling water.
Aq. Terv J Aqua fervens, Hot water.
Aq. MariJ? . Aqua marina, Sea water.
B. A. Balneum are nee, A sand-bath.
Bals. Balfamum, Balsam.
BB. BBDSi. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
Bib. Bibe, Drink.
Bis Ind. Bis indies. Twice daily.
B. M. Balneum nnarioi, A salt water bath.
Bol. Bolus,
Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil.
But. Bitty rum, Butter.
B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour-bath.
C^RUL. Cceruleus, Blue.
Cap. Capiat, Let him take.
C. C. Cornn cervi. Hartshorn.
C. C. U. Cornu cervi it stum. Burnt harts-
horn.
C. M. Cras man}, To-morrow morning.
ABBREVIATION
10
ABBREVIATION
C. N. Cras noets, To-morrow night.
C. V. Cras vespere, To-morrow erening.
CocBL. Coehltarey A fpoonfiil.
CocHL. Ampi*. Cochleare amplum, A large
spoonfiil.
CocBi.. Ivr. CoekUare Infantumy A child's
spoonful.
Coom.. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or
fnedium, A de8sert-«poonM.
CoCHL. Paet. Cochleare parvum, A tea-
spoonful.
Col. Colay eolatur€By Stndn, and to the
strained.
CoMP. Compositusy Compound.
Coup. Confeaio, Confection.
Cons. Conserva, Conserve.
CoNT. ConUnuetury Let it be continued.
CoQ. Coquet Boil.
CoRT. Cortexy Bark.
Crast. Crastinue, For to-morrow.
Cuj. CttjtM, Of which.
CujUBL. Cujuslibety Of any.
Ctatb. Cyathusy A glassful.
Ctath. Thsje, a cup of tea.
D. Dosisy A dose.
B. et S. Dctur et Hgtutury {placed at the end
of a prescription,)
D. D. Detur ad. Let it be given in or to.
D. D. ViTR. Vetur ad vitrumy Let it be given
in a glass.
Deaur. Pil. Deaurentur pilulesy Let the pills
be gilded.
Deb. Spiss. Dehita spissitudoy A due consist-
ence.
Dec. DecafUa, Pour off.
Decub. Deeubitusy Lying down, going to bed.
De D. in D. De die in diem. From day to day.
Dej. Alv. DejeetioTtes alviy Alvine evacua-
tions.
Dep. Depuratusy Purified.
Det. Detury Let it be given.
Dieb. A1.TERM. Diehts altemisy Every other
day.
biSB. TKtLT^piebus tertiis, Every third day.
Dig. Digeratur, Let it be digested.
Dii«. Dilutusy Dilute.
Dim. Dimidiusy One half.
DisT. Distilla, Distil.
Div. Divide, Divide.
DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fuer. Donee alvus so-
Inta fuervty Until the bowels are opened.
Drach. Drachma, A drachm.
Kjitsd. Ejusdemy Of the same.
Knem. Enemay A clyster.
KxHiB. Exhibeatury Let it be exhibited.
KxT. Super Alut. Eztende super alutamy
Spread upon leather.
F. Fiaty Let it be made.
F. Pil. Fiat pilula, Make into a pill.
F. Venjes. or F. VS. Fiat venasectioy Let
ble«?dingbe performed.
Feb. J>UR. Febre durantCy The fever conti-
nuing.
Fex. Intern. Pemoribus intemis, To the in-
sid"; of the thighs.
Fist. Arkat. Fistula armatay A bag andpipCy
a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use.
Fl. Fluidusy and Floresy Fluid, and Flowers,
Frust. Frustillatimy In small pieces.
Gel. Qua vis. Gelatind guivisy In any kind
ofielly.
G. G. G. Oummi guttee Gambia, Gamboge.
Gr. Granum, A grain.
Gtt. Gutta, A drop.
Gtt. or GuTT. QuiBUBD. Guttis guibusdam,
With some drops.
Gum. Gummi, Gum.
GuTTAT. Guttatim, By drops.
HoR. Decub. Hor& decubitus, At bed-time.
HoR. Intbrm. Horis intermedHs, At interme-
diate hours.
H. S. HorA somsU, At bed-time.
Inf. Infunde, Infuse.
Ind. Indiesy Daily.
Inj. Enbm. Jhjiciatur enema, Let a clyster be
given.
In Pulm. In pulmentoy In gruel.
Jul. Julepusy a julep.
Lat. Dol. Lateri dolentiy To the pained side.
Lb. and Lib. Libray A pound weight.
Lib. Llb. Librte, Pounds.
LiQ. Liquor.
M. Misce, Mix.
Mac. Macera, Maceimte.
Man. Mawipulus, A handful.
Man. Prim. Mank prima. Early in the mom-
io. Pan. Mica panis. Crumb of bread.
MiN. MivUmum, The 60th part of a drachm
by measure.
Mitt. Mitte, Send.
Mitt. Sano. Mittatur sanguis. Let blood be
drawn.
Mod. Prasoript. Modo praseripto. In the
manner directed.
Mor. Sol. More solito. In the usual manner.
Muc. MudlagOy Mucilage.
N. M. Nux mosehata. Nutmeg.
0. Oetarius, A pint.
01. Oleumy Oil.
Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine ignCy Cold-
drawn linseed oil.
Omn. Bid. Omni biduoy Every two days.
Omn. Bih. Omni bihorioy Every two hours.
Omn. Hor. Omni hordy Every hour.
Omn. Man. Omni mani. Every morning.
Omn. Nocte, Every night.
Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante horesy
Every quarter of an hour.
O. O. O. Oleum oliva optimum. Best Olive
oil.
Ov. Ovumy An egg.
Ox. OxymeU
Oz. Unday An ounce.
P. Pondercy by weight.
P. and Pug. Pugillusy a pugil.
P. ^. Partes csqualesy Equal parts.
Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus. In divided doses.
Psract. Op. Emet. Peractd operations emS'
tidy The operation of the emetic being over.
Pil. Pilula, A pill.
Post Sing. Sed. Liq. Post singulas sedes li-
quidasy After every liquid evacuation.
Pot. Potioy A potion.
P. P. Pttlvis patrumy Jesuits' bark. •
P. Rat. ^tat. Pro rations tetatisy Accord-
ing to the age.
P. R. N. Pro re nath. As occasion may be.
PuLv. Pulvisy A powder.
Q. P. Quantum placeaty As much as may
please.
Q. S. Quantum suffieiat. As much as is sufil-
cient.
QuoR. Quorum, Of which.
Q. V. Quantum volueris. As much as you wish.
Rad. Radix, Root.
JtBCkS
u
ABDUCTOR.
lUs. Basurm, SbaTings.
Rect. R^aifieatus, Recti£ed.
Rb3>. or RsDie. in Puly. Bsdaetus in pulve-
rM», or RedigoHur in pulveremy Powdered, or
I Let it be powdered.
I Rbo. Umbii.. lUgio umhUieiy The umbilical
rcfion.
Rbpbt. Repetaturf Let it be repeated.
S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
Se3(> SetHsn^ oeed.
Semj-dk. Semi-draekma, Haifa drachm.
SsMi-H. Semi'hora, Half an hour.
SsRY. Servm, Keep, preserve.
SssqiJiB. SMqmhora, An hour and a half.
Sesuhg. Sesundoy An ounce and a half.
Si Noh Yax.. Si nan valeat^ If it does not
answer.
Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit, If there be need.
Si Yn. Psnx. Si vires penrnttmnt, U the
itrength will permit.
SoLT. Salve, DiasolTe.
Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit.
Se. Semi, One half.
St. Stei, Let it stand.
Sub Fn. Coct. Subjinem eoetionis. Towards
the end of the boiling.
Sum. Sumat, Let him take ; also, Sumtmitates,
The tops.
S. Y. Spiriius vini. Spirit of wine.
S. Y. R. Spiritus vini rectifieatus. Rectified
spirit of wine.
S. Y. T. Spiritus vini tenuiar. Proof sjnrit
of wine.
Sra. Syrupusj Syrup.
TxMP. Dbxt. Tempori dextro. To the right
temple.
T. O. Timcttira opU, Tincture of opium.
Ta., Tr and Tdict. Tinettura, Tincture.
Trit. Triiura, Triturate.
v. O. S. or Yn. Or. Sol. VitsUo avi seiutus,
Dissolved in the yelk of an egg.
TS. Venaseetio, Yenesectioa.
Z. Z. anciently mprrh: now zingiber, or
ginger.
b, lAhroy a pound.
% Undety An ounce.
z, Dradtmea, A drachm.
§, Serupulumy A scruple.
a^, Mtnimmm^ a minim.
ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half.
j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c.
The same system is not alwap followed in
abbreviating. The subjoined will exhibit the
osualmode:
f..^iss
gtt. XL.M
Infus, Colomi.
Timet, gent, e,
Sfr. Cart. Aurtmt.
Tinet. Caps.
Capt. Coch. ij. p. r. n.
This, written at length, is as follows :
Recipe
Infusi ColamhsB sesqui-fittidunciam.
Tincturm Gentiana Composite fluidrach-
Sfrupi Cortieis Aurantiorwn semi-flui-
drachmam.
Tinctures Capsid guttas quadraginta.
Kitce.
Capiat cochlearia duo pro re natft.
ABCkS, Abscess — a. Aigu, see Abscess—
•• Chaudf see Abscess— • a. Chr^nique, see
Abscess — a. Fisr eangestion, see Abscess — a.
Diatkisipte, see Abscess — a. Froid, see Ab-
scess— ns. Mttastatiquef see Abscess — a. Sero--
fuUux, see Abscess — a. Soudain, see Abscess.
ABDO'MEN, from ab'dere, <to conceal;'
Etran, Sypoga/trion, HypoeafUwn, Epis'^
ehton, Lap'ara, Hypoehoi'lion, Gaster, Hypau'-
trian, Nedys, Abdu'men, Venter imus, Venter
in'fimusy Alvus, XTterus. (F.) Ventre, V. infe-
rieur. Bos ventre. The largest of the three
splanchnic cavities, bounded, above, by the dia-
pnragm; below, by the pelvis; behind, by the
lumbar vertebrae ; and at the sides and fore part,
by muscular expansions. It is distinguished
into three anterior re^^ons, from above to be-
low ; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and hypo-
gastric, each <^ which is itself divided into
three others, one middle, and two lateral : thus,
the epigastric region comprises the epigastrium
and hypochondria; the umbilical, the umbilieus
andjianJts or lumbar regions ; and the hypogas'
trie, the hypogaetrium and Uiae regions . None
of these regions has its limits well defined. The
chief viscera contained in the cavity of the ab-
domen, Ca'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the
stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kid«
neys, &c. It is lined by the peritoneum.
ABDOMINAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventrt^Us^
Yentral. That which belongs to the Alxiomen,.
as abdominal muscles, abdominal viscera, &c.
ABBOAONIS £XPLORATIO,Abdominos.
copia.
ABDOMimSCOP'lA,Gastreeeop'ia^ A hy-
brid word, from Abdomen, 'the lower belly,'
and 0«oniai, 'I view;' Zaparaecep'ia, Abdom'^
inis exploraftio. Examination of the lower belly
as a means of diagnosis. See Auscultation*
ABDUCENS LABK)RnM, Levator anguU
oris.
ABDUC£NT£S„ Motor oculi extemus.
AEDUCTEUR DE V(EIL, Rectus eztec>^
nus oculi— «. de PoreiUe,. Abductor auris — a.
du gros ovteit. Abductor poUicis pedis — a. du
petit oeteil. Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a.
court du pouee. Abductor pollicis brevisi— «•
long duvouce, Abdoctox longus pollicis..
ABDUCTION, Abduc^tia, from abdu'eere,
t» separate, (o^ and dueere, <k> lead.') The
movement which separates a limb ok other past
from the axis, of the body.
The word has also been used synonymously
with Abruj/tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'ma, a frac-
ture near the articular extremity of a bone, with
separation of the fragments.
ABDUCTOR^ same etymon. (F.) Abdue-
tcur.. A muscle which moves certain parts by
separating them from the axis of the body.
Abductor Auricularis, Abductor auris-*-'
a. Indicis pedis. Prior indicis pedis, Posterior
indicis pedis — a. Medii dicild pedis, Prior medri
digiti pedis — a. Minimi digiti, Flexor parvus
mimmi digiti — a. Minimi digiti. Prior piinimi
digiti— a. Oculi, R^ctua extemus oculi-— a. Pol-
licis manus, and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pol-
licis brevis.
Abductor Auris, Abductor aurieulafria^
(F.) Abdueteur de VoreilU. A portion of the
posterior auris, whose existence is not constant,
which passes from the mastoid process to the
concha.
Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus in'di-
ds. A muscle which arises from the os trap
slum and metacarpal bone of the thumbj i
ABDUMBN
19
ABUOOTATION
iiwerted into the first bone of the forefinger.
Its use is to bring the forefinger towards the
thomb.
Abductoh Min'imi Dio"iti, Carpo^halan*'
geus min'imi digiti, Carpo^pkalangrien du petit
doigty Extenfaor ter'tii int€mo'dii minimi digiti
— (Douglas.) Hypoih'enar minor metae^rpevs.
See Flexor parvus. It originates fleshy from
the OS pisiforme, and from the annular ligament
near it ; and is inserted, tendinous, into the in-
ner side of the base of the first bone of the little
finger. Use, to draw the little finger from the
rest.
Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Caleosub^
phalangmtsmdmmii digiti^ Cedeaneo-phalangien
du petit orteilf Paratk'enar major — (By Wins-
low, the muscle is divided into two por-
tions, — Farathenar major and metatarseus.)
Caleaneo'scus'pkalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.)
<F.) Abducteur du petit orteil. This muscle
forms the outer margin of the sole of the foot,
and is immediately beneath the plantar aponeu-
rosis. It arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the
outer side of the protuberance of the os calcis,
and from the root of the metatarsal bone of the
little toe, and is inserted into the outer part of
the root of the first bone of the little toe. Use.
To draw the little toe outwards.
Abdvctob Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Pol-
Ueis Maniksy Seapho-earpo-super-phalangeus
PoUieis, Sus-pkalafigien du pouee, A . pollicis
manus and A. brevis alter — (Albinus.) (F.)
Abdueteur court du pouee. Carpo-sus-phalan'
gien du pouee — (Ch.) A short, flat, triangular
muscle, which arises from the anterior surface
of the oe scaphoides and the annular ligament
of the carpus, and terminates at the outside of
the upper extremity of the first phalanx of the
thumb. A particular portion, on the inner side
of this mnscle, is called, by Albinus, Abdudtor
brevis alter.
Abductor Lonous Pollicis, A. LP. Man4ks,
Extensor ossis metaearpi pollicis maniksy Ex-
tensor primi intemodii — (Douglas,) Extensor
primus Pollicis, CuHto-radi-sus-mitacarpien
du pouee, Cubito-sus-m^taearpien du pouee, —
(Ch.) (F.) Abdueteur long du pouee. A long,
thin muscle, arising from the posterior surface
oi the ulna, radius, and interosseous ligament,
and inserted at the outer side of the upper ex-
tremity of the first metacarpal bone.
Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Caleo-sub-phalan-
geus Pot lids. (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior
and inner part of the protuberance of the os
calcis, and tendinous from the same bone where
it joins with the os naviculare. It is inserted,
tendinous, into the internal os sesamoideum and
root of the first bone of the great toe. Use.
To pull the great toe from the rest.
The name Abductor has been given also to
all those interosseous muscles of the hand and
foot, which perform the motion of abduction on
the fingers or toes, and to muscles which exe-
cute the same function on other parts of the body.
ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
ABEBiE'OS, from « neg. and fitpat^g, * firm,'
infir^mais, deb' His. Weak, infirm, unsteady. .
ABEILLE, Bee.
ABELMELITCH. One of the names of the
Ricinns, according to some authors. — Prosper
Alpinus says that a tree, which grows about
Mecca, is so called. Its seeds, which are black
and oblong, are said to be a most violent ca-
thartic.
ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscns abelmoechus
— •• Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
ABELMUSK, Hibiscns abelmoscfaus.
ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A. is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold,
sulphureous spring.
ABERRATIO, Aberration— a. Lactis, Gfalac-
toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious
— a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
ABERRA'TION, Aberrdtio, irom ahorrt^rt,
(ab and errors,) * to stray,' ' to wander firom.'
This word has several meanings.
1. The passage of a fluid of the living body
into an order of vessels not destiaed for it. In
this sense it is synonymous with the Error
Loci of Boerhaave.
2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ dif-
ferent from that to which it is ordinarily direct-
ed ; as in cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aber-
rations of sense or judgment are certain errors
in the perceptions, or certain derangements of
the intellectual fiu:ulties.
The word is used in optics to designate the
dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
a lens.
Aberration, Chrokatic, Aberration of
Refrangibility — a. Spherical, Aberration of
sphericity.
Aberration of RBTRANOiBn/iTT, Chromat'ic
aberraftion, exists, when, as in a common lens,
the rays that pass near the circumference of the
lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image
is observed. This aberration in the human eye
is corrected by the iris, which does not permit
the rays to fall near the circumference of the
lens, and also by the crystalline lens itself,
which, owing to its structure, serves the pur-
poses of an achromatic glass.
Aberration op Sphbric"itt or spherical
aberra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a
common lens^ which pass through the centre of
the lens, and those which pass near the circum-
ference, are unequally refracted, so that they
do not meet at a common focus.
This aberration of sphericity in the human
eye is corrected by the iris.
ABESSI, Realgar.
ABEVACUA'tiO, Apoeeno'sis, from ah,
and evacuare, < to empty.' An evacuation. A
partial or imperfect evacuation. By some, it
is applied to an immoderate evacuation. — Eraus.
ABHAL. A fruit well known in India, and
obtained from a species of cypress. It passes
for an emmenagogue.
ABIES, Pinus Picea — ^a. Balsamea, Pinus
balsamea — a. Canadensis, Pinus Canadensi»—
a. Excelsa, see Pinus abies — a. Chillica, Pinus
picea — a. Pectinata, Pinus picea — a. Picea, Pi-
nus picea — a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
ABIGA, Teucrium Chaxnspitys.
ABIOSIS, Death.
ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum.
ABIRRITA'TION. Abirrita'tio, from ah,
privative, and irritatio , * irritation.' Th is word
strictly means absence or defect of irritation.
The disciples of Broussais used it to indicate a
pathological condition, opposite to that of irri-
tation. It may be considered as synonymous
with debility, asthenia, &c.
ABLACTATIO
13
ABRU8 PRfiCATORIUS
ABLACTATIO, Wsaning.
ABLASTES, Sterile.
ABLATIO, Extirpation.
ABLEPH'ARUS, from «, privative, and /Uf-
^(or,* eyelid.' One who has no eyelids.
ABLEPSIA, Caecitas.
ABLUENTIA, Detergents.
ABLUTION, Ablu'tioy Apomp^sis, Cata-
rif/mus, from abluurt, {ii and luere,) Ho
wash.' A Dflune giv^ji to legal ceremonies in
whidi the body is subjected to particular affu-
sions. Ablution (especiaU^ of the extremities)
with cold or tepid water is employed, thera-
peutically, to reduce febrile heat. Also, the
washing by which medicines are separated from
the extraneous matters mixed with them.
ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
ABNORMITAS, Anomalia.
ABNOR'MOUS, Almo/mal (V.) Anorvtal,
from aby ^frorn,' and norma, 'rule.' Not con-
formable to rule; irregular.
ABOLr'TION, AMi'^tioj destruction or sup-
I^ession, from ab and luwe (?) Ho wash.' A
word, often employed, especiall]^ by the French,
to express the complete suspension of any symp-
tom or function. Abolition of the sights e. g.
is the complete loss of sight.
ABOMA'SUS, Abouu/aum, Eny/troH, Ron-
net. The lowermost or four^ stomach of ru-
ABOMINA'TIO, Disgust.
ASONDANCB, Plethora.
ABORSIO, Aborti<»k.
ABORSnS, Abortion.
ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
ABORTJPy Abortive.
ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive.
ABORTION, Abor^iuB, Aboi^ouB, Ahar'm, 2>y»-
Ufoa abartifvaf Omgtt/dtt, Paraeyeftis abottua,
AmMm, AmWma, AmbMmut, Eifbole, Em^
hrphifkL, DimA'tkora, Edn/nt, Exambk/moy
Exambt/mB, Atroi^moo, ApopaUmay Apopatdo,
Apopk'tkara, Pkthara, Commfao ufUri, DepetdHUo.
(F.) AvrUmenty BUssurty Miscarriage, from
eb and orirt, * to rise,' applied to that which has
orison out of season. The expulsion of the
fetus before the seventh month of utero-gesta-
tion, or before it is viaUo. (q. v.^ The causes
of this accident are referrible either to the mo-
ther, and particularly to the uterus ; or to the
fstos and its dependeneies. The causes, in the
mother, may be:— extreme nervous suscepti-
bility, great debility, plethora ; faulty confor-
mation, he, ; and it is frequently induced im-
mediately by intense mental emotion, violent
exercise, &c. The causes seated in the foetus
are its dnth, rupture of the membranes, &c.
It most frequently occurs between the 8th and
12th weeks of gestation. The symptoms of
tbortion are >— uterine hemorrhage with or
without flakes of decidua, with mtermittin^
pain. When abortion has once taken place, it
is extremely apt to r^cur in subsequent i>reg-
naacies about the same period. Scnie writers
have called abortion, wnen it occurs prior to
three months, Effitusion, The treatment must
vary accordiiig to the constitution of the patient
and the causes giving rise to it. In all cases,
the horixontal posture and perfect quietude are
Aboktioh is likewise applied to the product
of an untimely birth. Abo/tuo, Abor^atu,
ApoiUnkOy ApoVoUy EeUo'nta, AmUotkriifion,
Eetro'may Prwltuo vmm^idrWy Abortmont,
(F.) Avortouy Avortin.
TO ABOKT, Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F.)
Avorter,
ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vuoy Eeboriiu, Amblo'-
tieusy Amblothriifiumf Fhthor^iuo, Apophthor'-
iusy Eetrot^ieusy Abortifa'eiona, Aeyl^rius,
Expel'leno, Fhthiro^tonuo, Pkthoroo' tonus,
EeboVicusy Parturient, (q. v.) Parturif ancient,
Ee'bolie, (F.) Abortif, A medicine to which
is attributed the property of causing abortion.
There is probably no direct agent of the kind.
ABORTMENT, Abortion.
ABORTUS, Abortion.
ABOUCHEMENTy Anastomosis.
ABOULAZA, a tree of Mada^car, used,
according; to Flacourt, in the practice of the
country m diseases of the heart.
ABOUTISSEMENTy Suppuration.
ABRABAX, Abrasax, Abraxas, A mystic
term expressing the number 365, and to which
the Cabalists attributed miraculous properties.
ABRACADA'BRA: the name of a Syrian
Idol, according to Selden. This word, when
pronounced and repeated in a certain form and
a certain number of times, was supposed to
have the power of curing fevers and preventing
many diseases. It was figured on amulets and
worn suspended around the neck.
AB&ACADABRA
BB-AQADAB&A
BACADABBA
AGADAB&A
y CADABBA
AD A B B A
D A B & A
ABBA
B B A
B A
A
ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which
the Jews attributed the same virtue as to the
word Abracadabka.
ABRASAX, Abrabax.
ABRA'SION, Abra'sioy Aposyr'moy Apoxys*'
musy from abraders, (ab and rtuhre,) < to rasp.'
A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance,
under the form of small shreds, in the mucous
membrane of the intestines,— ^F.) Raelures des
Boyaux, Also, an ulceration of the skin, pos-
sessing similar characters. According to Yicq
d'Azyr, the word has been used for the absorp-
tion of the molecules composing the various
organs.
ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
ABRlVIATIONy Abbreviation.
ABRICOTy Prunus Armeniaca.
ABROSIA, Abstinence.
ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum--a.
Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas, Arte-
misia abrotanum.
ABBOTONrTES,*jJ^«TewTi;c,(««*'«c, * wine,'
understood.) Wine impregnated with Arte-
misia Abrotanum or Southernwood.
ABROTONUM, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
ABRUS PREC ATO'RIUS, U^uorieo Bushy
Red Beany Love pea, A small ornamental shrub,
found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in
Egypt and the West Indies ; Nat, Ord, Legu-
minosflB. Sex, Syst* Monadelphia enneandria ;
having beautiful scarlet seeds with a black
ABSCESS
14
ABSORPTION
spot. The roots and leaves are sweet and ma-
cilaginouB demalcents. The seeds of the Ame-
rican kind are considered to he purgative and
poisonous.
ABSCESS, from abtcedo, (ais, and esdere,)
« I depart,* or • separate from.' Absce/tus, Ab-
sees'no, Aphistifait, Apoat^may Eopye'may
Eepf/att, Receysvsy Impos^tkume, (F.) Abeh,
Dep6t» A collection of pus in a cavity, the re-
sult of a morhid process. See Pyogenia and
Suppuration.
The French have various distinctive terms
for Ahscesses.
ABCkS CHAUDy AIGXTy SOUDATN, is
one which follows violent inflammation.
ABCkS FROIDy CHRONIQUEy SCRO-
FULEUX, one which is the result of chronic
or scrofulous inflammation.
ABCkS PAR CONGESTION, A, diathi-
tiqiis, a symptomatic abscess, one which occurs
in a part at a distance from the inflammation
by which it is occasioned: e. g. a lutnbar
aiseess ; (q. v.) in which the inflammation may
be in the lumbar vertebre, whilst the pus ex-
hibits itself at the groin.
Abscess Metastat'ic, Abaee/siu metastal^'
icusy (F.) Abcea mhastatique ; A, eonaietOify
an abscess, which forms suddenly, and some-
times without any precursory signs of inflam-
mation, in a part of the body remote from one
in a state of suppuration, and without presenting
a sufficient reason for its development in the
place which it occupies. It is a consequence
of phlebitis.
Abscess, perfokatino of the Lxmo, see
Lung, perforating abscess of the — a. Psoas,
Lumbar abscess.
ABSCESSUS CEREBRI, Encephalopyosis^
a. Gfangnenescens, Anthrax — a. Gangnenosus,
Anthrax — a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa
— a. Lumborum, Lumbar abscess — ^a. Mammae,
Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab-
scess, metastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a.
Oculi, Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a.
Pulmonum, Pneumapostema—- a. Renalis, Ne-
phrapostasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a.
Thoracis, Empyema — a. Urinosus, ITraposte-
nu.
ABSCISSIO PR^PUTII, Circumcision.
ABSCIS'SION, Abseia'ioy Abacia^aioy from ab-
aeidere or abacinder$y 'to cut off,* Apoe^opiy
Apothrau'atay Diaeopi, Excision or extirpa-
tion of a part, especially of a soft part. — ^Fabri-
cius HildanuB.
Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss
of substance. — Hippocrates.
Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsns.
Sudden and prenuture termination of a dis-
ease.^-6alen.
ABSCONSIO, Sinus.
ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRA-
TOIREy see Murmur, respiratory.
ABSINTHI'TES, cn^iy^iTijc, ApaintkCteay
Wine impregnated with Absinthium or Worm-
wood .-^Dioscorides.
ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab-
sinthium — a. Maritimum, Artemisia maritima
— a. Ponticum, Artemisia pontica — a. Roma-
nnm, Artemisia pontica — a. Santonicum, Arte-
misia santonica — a. Vulgare, Artemisia absin-
thium.
ABSORB ANTy Absorbent.
ABSOR'BENT, Abaor^benay from abaorberey
(ai and aorbere,) * to drink, to suck up.* (F.)
Abaorbant, That which absorbs.
Absorbekt Ststbm is the collection of ves-
sels, Vaaa ahaorban'tia sen reaorban'ttUy and
glandsy which concur in the exercise of absorp-
tion.
A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalky &e.
Invertenfy Reaor'benay Sat'urana*
Also, any substance, such as cobweb, spoQge,
&c., which, when applied to a bleeding sur&ce,
retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and
adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor-
rhage.
ABSORPTIO, Absorption— a. Sanguinis,
Haemorrhophesis.
ABSORP'TION, Reaorp^tioy Inhalaftioy Im-
bibi"tioy Abaorjftio, Ana/rkopkiy Anarrhopha^^
ata, Catapino'aiay Rhoebdt^aiay CtUarrkophtf sia,
Catar'rhopht; same etymon. The function of
absorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take
up substances from without or within the body.
Two great divisions have been made of tms
flmction. 1. External ahaorption, or the ab-
aorpHon of eompoattion, which obtains from
witiiont the organs the materials intended for
their composition ; and, 3. Internal abeorptiany
or the ahaorption of deeompoaitiony which takes
up from the organs the materials that have to
be replaced by the exhalants.
By external ahaorption is meant not only that
which takes place at the external surface of the
body, but also that of the mucous membianes of
the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence,
again, the division of external absorption into
eutaneoua — reaorp^tio eute^naa sen eutiayinkalt^'
tio eutia — inteatinal or digeativey and pulmonary
or reapiratory*
Internal absorption is also subdivided into,
(. Molecular or interatitialy nutrititfe or orgaaUcy
which takes up from each organ the materials
that constitute it, so that the decomposition is
always in equilibrio with the deposition. 2.
The ahaorption of recremantitial aecreted fiyxday
such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia^
&c. As these are constantly exhaled on sur-
faces which have no external outlet, they would
augment indefinitely, if absorption did not re-
move tiiem in the same proportion as that in
which they are deposited. 3. The ahaorption
of a part of the exerementitialjlutday as th^
pass over the excretory passages.
Absorption does not effect tiie decomposition
of the body immediately. It merely prepares
the fluid which has to be eliminated by the se-
cretory organs.
The great agents of external absorption are
the veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal
absorption, probably the lymphatics. In the
chyliferous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is
always found to possess the same general pro-
perties. In them, therefore, an action of ela-
boration or selection must have taken place.
The veins, on the other hand, seem to exert
no selection. Any fluid, possessing the neces-
sary tenuity, passes through the coats of the
vessel readily by imbibition, and proceeds along
with the torrent of the circulation. Watery
fluids in this manner enter the blood when they
are taken into the stomach. Substances that
require digestion, on the other hand, must pass
through the chyliferous vessels and thoracic
duct.
JBSTkME
15
ACAWERIA
Absokptio!! of CoifPOSiTioiiy 866 Absorption
—a. Cataneous, see Absorption— a. of Decom-
position, see Absorption — a. Digestiye, see Ab-
•orptionh--a. External, see AlMorption— a. of
Ezeremeotitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption
—a. Internal, see Absorption— a. Intestinal, see
Absorption — a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a.
Molecular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see
Abeorption— a. Organic, see Absorption— a.
PnlmcHiary, see Absorption— a. of Recremen-
titial Secreted Flnids, see Absorption— a. Res-
piratory, aee Absorption.
ABSTkMB, Abstemious.
ABSTE'MIOUS, Abstt^mius, AoinoB^ from
ah; 'witbont,^ and tmrntwi^ <wine.' (F.)
AhvtkmB. Used' bj tbe ancient writers, as
well as by the French, in the sense only of its
roots ; one who abstains from wine or fermented
liquors in general.
ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
ABSTERSITA, Detergents.
ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
AB'STINENCE, AhsHnen'tia^ from dbs^
* from,' and ttner^y * to hold,' Abros'iay Atitfioy
Limamfekiay iMiUcUmOay Fasting. Privation,
nsoally voluntary, as when we speak of tAsti-
ntnet from pUaturg, aistin&rue from drink , 3ec.
It ia move particularly used to signify voluntai^
privation of certain articles of iooA, Fasting is
a oaefril remedial agent in certain diseases, par-
ticularly in those of an inflammatory character.
ABSU S, a kind of cassia— C. il&«iM^which
grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of
which, pulverized and mixed with powdered
sugar, have been employed, in form of a dry
coTlyrinm, in the endemic ophthalmia of Egypt.
ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and /loviq,
' will.' Loss of the will, or of volition.
ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has
lost the power of will, or of volition.
ABU3 DE SOI'MSME, Masturbation.
ABUTA, Pareira brava.
ABUTILON CORDA'TTJM, Sida ahuaon,
Tiilow maliow. An indigenous plant, common
from Canada to Mexico, which resembles com-
mon mallow in its medical virtues, being mu-
cilaginous and demulcent.
ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or coUiqusr
tive evacuation of any kind.
ACACIA, (Ph. U. S.) Acaciae gummi^-a.
, Catechu, Catechu — a. Germanica, see Prunus
' spinosa— a. Indica, Tamarindua— «. Nostras,
see Prunus spinosa — a. Vera, see Acacis gummi
—a. Zeylonica, Hsmatoxylon Campechianum.
AC ACIJE GVMMly Aet^tdoy from ttirn, <a
point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G.
Aet^dm AraViemy O, Arab'icumy O, Aeanth'-
inum, G. Ltu4tumy G, TksMieumy G. 8$rapio''
tdsy G, LamaCy G, S&nsga, or Senseoy Cfum
A/aiie, (F.) (romms AroHqtes, The gum of
the HfCmota Ifilirtfiea, Aet^eia vera^ Spina
.SgyfHaeoj of Upper Egypt, Nat, Ord. Mimo-
ie«. Sex, Sfst, Polvgamia Moncecia. It is
in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale yel-
low colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture,
transparent, soluble in water, and insoluble in
alcohol, s. |. 1. 431 7.
It is mocilaginous ; but is rarely used, except
in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered
alone as a demulcent.
ACAJOVy Anacardinm occidentale.
ACAM'ATUS, from « priv., and jrauvo, * I
labour.' This word has been sometimes used
for a good constitution of the body. According
to Galen, it means that position in which a limb
is intermediate between flexion and extension ;
a position which may be long maintained with-
out fatigue.
ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTHA, Vertebral column. Also, Spi-
nous process of a vertebra.
ACANTHABOLUS, Aean'tktdusy VoUeria,
from oMap&ay ' a spine,' and jlnXXmy * 1 cast out.'
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds. — ^Paulus of .£|ina, Fa-
bricius ab Acqnapendente, Scnltetus, «c.
ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops.
ACANTHE FAUSSEy Heracleum spondy-
lium.
ACANTHTCTM, Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolos.
ACANTHUS MOLLIS, Same etymon as
Acacia, (q. v.) MtlamphyHlwmy Branca ursi'-
nay Branlur^sinsy Bear^t Breeeh, (F.) Fied
d*omr$. This plant is mucilaginous like Althaea,
and is used as a demulcent.
ACAPATLI, Piper Ionium.
AC AR'DIA, from « priv., and xo^^ia, ' the
heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart.
AC ARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
AC ARICOBA. The Brazilian name for the
HydrocotfyU umJMla'twny used by the Indians
as an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic.
ACARON, Myrica gale.
ACARP^, from * * privative,' and xaqvfy
* fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous
diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no << fruit,^'
(Germ. Pruehty) or production from the cutane-
ous sur&ce — ^tubercles, vesicles or pustules.
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be-
long to it.
AC'ARUS, from a privative, and iraen«9 ^ ^^'
visible.' A minute insect, one species of which
has been noticed by several observers, in the
itch« — The Aearus Seabiei, Sareoptty Ciron.
Ac'artts Ciao, see Psora— a. Comedonum,
A. Folliculorum.
AcA&us FoLLicuLo'suM, ErUoxo* tm Follieu^
lo'ruf»y A. Comedo'numy Dtftnodex follieulo'^
rumy Simt/nsa follictUo'rumy Steatoxo'on fol-
Uenlo'rum. An articulated animalcule, disco-
vered in the sebaceous substance of the cuta-
neous follicles. According to Professor Owen,
it belongs to the Arachnida.
AoARUs ScABisi, Aearus, see Psora.
ACATALEP'SIA, from * privative, and wt-
ral^ft^tty 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in
diagnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia. — Galen.
ACATAFOSIS, from a privative, and ira-
TttTTOtf^K, * deelutition.' Incapacity of swallow-
ing. Yogel has given this name to difllculty of
deglutition.
ACAT ASTATIC, Aeata*tat^ieu$y from a
priv., and xadiarriftty * to determine.' An e;»i-
thet given to fevers, &c., when irregular in
their periods or symptoms. — Hippocrates.
ACATHAR'SIA, from a priv., and *a&»i^i'
C»>»*I parge;' 8ord«»y Impurities. Omission
of a purgative. — Foesius.
ACATSJAVALTI, a Malabar plant, which
is astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is
used in that country in cases of hemicrania. It
is supposed to be the Caaaytka filiformis of
Linnsus.
ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum.
ACCABLEMBNT
16
ACEPHALOCTST
ACCABLEMBNT, Torpor.
ACCALARATETTRj Accelerator ttrins.
ACCELERA'TOR URI'NiE, Bvibo-caver-
w/susy Bulbo^urdtral^Ch.) Ejacuia'tor Se-
mi'nisj Bulbo'SyndesfnO'eavemeuz. (F.) Ac-
e^Iirateur, from ad and eeler, < quick.* A mus-
cle of the penis, which arises, fleshy, from the
sphincter ani and membranous part of the ureth-
ra, and t^idinous from the eras and beginning
of the corpus cavemosum penis. In its course
it forms a thin, fleshy layer, the inferior fibres
of which run more transversely than the supe-
rior, whieh descend in an oblique direction ; the
muscles of both sides completely enclosing the
bulb of the urethra. It is inserted into its fel-
low by a tendinous line running longitudinally
on the middle of the bulb. Its use is to propel
the urine or semen forwards.
ACCENT, Sonus voeis, from ad and eanere,
eantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of
the voice, which consists in raising or dropping
it on certain syllables.
The accent exhibits various alterations in
disease.
ACC£S, Paroxysm.
ACCES'SION. Aeee/sio, from aecedoy (ad
and eedere,) * I approach.' The invasion, ap-
proach, or commencement of a disease.
ACCESSOIRE, Accessory— a. du longjU-
ehisseur eommun des orteils : see Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans (accesso-
rius) — a. de PObturateur interne , Ischio-tro-
chanterianus — a, du pied d'Hippoeampe : see
Comu ammonis — a. du Saero-iombaire : see
Sacro-lumbalis.
ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI-
TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pe-
dis hippocampi ; — see Comu ammonis.
ACCESSORY, Aceesso'rins, (F .) Aeeessoire,
Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de-
pendence on any thing ; as accessory ligameniy
muscle, nerve, &c.
AccEssoKY OF THE PAROTID, is s name given
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the parotid duct, and which is commonly a mere
prolongation of the parotid itself. See Parotid.
AccxssoRT Sciences to Medicine are those
which do not relate directly to the science of
man in a state of health or disease ; as physics,
chemistry, &c.
Accessory of the Par Yaoum, Spinal nerve.
The term accessory is also given to several
muscles.
ACCESSUS, Coition.
ACCIDENS, Symptoms — a. Conseeutifs,
Consecutive phenomena.
ACCIDENT, Ac'eidens, from acddere, (ad
and eadere,) * to happen.' A casualty ; an un-
foreseen event. The French use the terra in
nearly the same sense as symptom. It means
also an unexpected symptom.
ACClJ)EI9'TAh,advenH"tious. That which
happens unexpectedly.
The French give tlie name Tissus aeeidentels,
to those adventitious textures, that are the re-
sult of a morbid process.
ACCIP'ITER, fltVr«r, *#f^at, 'the hawk,'
from aecipere {ad and eapio,) ^ to take.' Me-
7ie<fratis Aeeij/iter, (F.) Epervier, A band-
age applied over the nose, so called from its
likeness to the claw of a hawk.
ACCLFMATED, ClimaUi assue'tus, (firom I
ad and elima.) A word of recent introduction
from the French, which means * accustomed to
a climate.'
ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation.
ACCLIMATION, flftfo/imfw^. (F.) Aeeli-
matem&nt. The act of becoming accliniated, or
accustomed to a climate.
The constitution of a person, who goes to
live in another and a very different climate,
usually experiences changes, which are fre-
quently of an unfavourable character, and the
study of which is of conkiderable importance in
medicine.
ACCOMTANIMENT, AdjisnTctiou. (F.)
Accompagnement, {eompagnon, <an associate.*)
That which is joined to any thing.
Accompaniment to the cataract is a whitish,
viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds
the opake crystalline, and remains after the ope-
ration for cataract, causing a secondary cata-
ract.
ACCOXTCHiE, Puerpera.
ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition— a. Labo-
rious, Dystocia — a. Contre nature, see Presen-
tation, preternatural — a. Lahorieux, LaborioOB
labour.
ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partus, Oh-
stetfrieans, Ohstetri'*eius, Maiev^ter, Maisi^tss,
He who practises the art of midwifery. A
physician- Accoucheur, a Surgeon^Accoueheury
a Man'-midunfe, &g.
ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition.
ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
ACCRE'TION, Accr^tio, from ad, »to,» and
crescere, 'to increase.' Augmentation; also,
increase by juxtaposition.
ACCROISSEMENT, Increase.
ACCUSATIO, Indication.
ACE'DIA, Inci/ria, from a privative, and
*tido9, * care.' Want of care, neglect. Also,
fiitigue. — Hippocrates.
ACELLA, Axilla.
ACENINOSUS, Curative.
ACE06NOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica.
ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous.
ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from a privative,
xt^aXri, * head,' and |9^a/>t«i», ' arm.' A fcetus
without head or arms.
ACEPH'ALOCHFRUS, from « privative,
xt<^aXff, <haui,' and x''i» 'hand.' A fcetus
without head or hands.
ACEPH' ALOC YST, Acephaloeyst^is, from a
privative, mt(>aXti, * head,' and itvnrif, • bladder.'
An hydatiform vesicle, without head or visible
organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, althongh
possessed of few animated characteristics. In
no organ of the body are acephalocysts so fre-
quently found as in the liver. Generally it is
the < multiple acephalocyst,' A. soeu^Hs seu
prolifera, which is met with. At times, how-
ever, it is the < solitary acephalocyst,' A, ere-
mi'ta seu ste/ilis.
The acephaioeystis endog**ena has a firm
coat, and is composed of different layers, which
have numbers of smaller hydatids within them,
and are thrown off from the interior of the pa-
rent cyst. This species has hence been termed
endogena, to distinguish it from the A, exog^'ona
of ruminant animals, in which the young vesi-
cles are developed from the exterior of Uie pa-
rent vesicle. — See Hydatid.
AGEPHALOGASTER
17
ACETONE
ACEPH' ALOGAS'TER, AtMracoetpHtdmy
from oe privative, xii^«li}, ^heod,' and yoorqp,
< the belly.' A name given to monsters devoid
of bead, chest, and abdomen ; or to those which
have an abdomen, bat no chest or head.
ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a privative,
Ki^aiq,* head,' and (rro^«, < month.' An ace-
phaloos ffletns, at the upper part of which there
is an opening resembling a month.
ACEPHALOTHCXRUS, from a privative,
sfl^oiir? ' headj' and ^M^a$, < chest,' Apeetoe^pha-
iwu, A monster devoid of head or chest.
ACEPH'ALOUS, from « piiv., and stf oln,
* head.' A monster bom devoid of head. The
ooDditi<m is called Aeejpha^lia*
ACER, Acrid.
AcsR Sacchak/nuk. Mapley Sugar Maple.
(¥.) irabie^ This tree contains a large amount
of sweet sap, whence a considerable quantity of
sugar may be extracted. When purified, this
sugar can scarcely be distinguished from that
obtained from the cane. — See Saccharum.
ACERATCXSIS, from « privative, and jn^c,
* horn.' Defective development of the corneous
ACERB', Aeef^hu, Strypknos, from aesr,
< sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of
the acid, bitter, ausd astringent ; such as is met
with in unripe fruits, &c.
ACER'CUS, from a pivative, and xi^o^, <a
tail.' A monster devoid of tail. — Onrlt.
ACE'RIDES, Aeero'des, from a privative,
and x^«$, ' wax.' Plasters devoid of wax. —
Galen.
ACERODES, Acerides.
ACERO'SIJS, Aehyro'dety PithfrCnus, from
•^vc*v, < chaff.' Pur/urafeMus. An epithet
used by Hippocrates, for the coarsest bread,
made of floor not separated from the chaff—
Foesiofl.
ACERYULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal
Gland.
ACES'CENCTy Ageso^tia, from aeeseerey
' to grow sour,' (« s'p, ' a point,' ac&r, * sharp.')
A disposition to acidity. The humourists be-
lieved that the animal humours are susceptible
of this change.
ACESIA, CuK.
ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament.
ACESMA, Medicament.
ACESMIUS, durable.
ACESMUS, Cure.
ACESODYNES, Anodyne.
ACESOPHORtJS, Curative,
ACESTER, Physician.
ACESTIS, Medicament.
ACESTOR, Physician.
ACESTORI A, Medicine.
ACESTORIS, Midwife.
ACESTOS, Curable.
ACESTRA, Needle.
ACESTRIA, Midwife.
ACESTRIS, Midwife.
ACESTRUM, Medicament.
ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica.
ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons.
ACETAB^ULUM, from aeetnm^ ' vinegar,'
becanse it resembles the old vinegar vessel,
oTybapkfion» A measure capable of containing
the eighth part of a modem pint. Athenieus.
Galen. See Cotyloid. According to Castelli,
the lobes or cotyledons of the idiu:ent» of ra-
Bunsting animals have been so called.
AoiFTABULVM, Cottle, Cotyloid — a. Humeri,
see Glenoid — a. Marmum, Umbilicus marinus.
ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad or
pickle.
ACETAS, Acetate.
ACETATE; Ace'tas. A salt formed by the
union of the acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy,
or metallic base. The acetates chiefly used m
medicine, are the acetates of ammonia, lead,
potash, and zinc.
ACE'TICA, Aee^ta Medieo^ta. (F.) Vinai'
gres M6dieinauaB, Pharmaceutical preparations
of vinegar.
ACE'TICUM KClDVlA.AeidtmAei^Hewm
far* tins ^ A. A. forti, A, Ae^Hcum purumy
Aee'tum radie^/H, Oseosy Aet^He Acid, StroTtg
Acetous Add, Aeidum Ac0t{/sumfortB, Radfi"
eal Vin'egar, Spii^ituB Ven'tria {when made from
verdigrie,) Spirit of Verdigris* Concentrated
acetic acid, prepared by de€omposin|f an acetate
and receiving the acetic acid bydistillation, has
a very pungent and grateful odour, and an acid
and acrid taste. Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it
is very volatile.
It IS stimulant, mbefacient, and escharoCic,
and is applied to the nostrils in syncope, as-
phyxia, headache, &c. It destroys warts.
An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Atf'idwm
Aafticum Camphort/tum, A. aeeto'eum campho-
ro^tum, is formed of this strong acid, J vj. Com-
phor, J^BB, 01, Carjopk. g»' xv.
A strong Acetic Acid was ordered brthe
London pharmacopoeia prepared from wood. It
was called Vinegar of wood. Improved distilled
Vinegar, Pyroliffneous Acid, Aee'tvm lAgnet"
rum, snd its strength was such, that ii7 gt. ot
crystallized subcarbonate of soda should satu-
rate 1<K) grains of the acid.
Ae"idum Ae/tieum Dilt^tum, A, a. tenfuiy
Aee'twm destilla^tum, Aeidum tte/ticum, Aeid^
um aeettfswm destilla'tvm, Aeidum ace'tieum
debitius, Distitled vin'egar, (F.) Acide Ad*
tique foible, Vinaigre distilli, is pepared by
distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths have
passed over. An Addum aeeticum dtlutum, Dt-
Ittied acetic acid, is made by mixing half a pint
of the strong acetic acid with five pints of dis-
tilled water. — Ph. U. S. Its properties are
like those of vinegar.
AcETicTTM Maktialb, Ferrf Acetas.
ACETONE, from a««*ttm, • vinegar.' Py-
ro-aee'tie spirit, Pyro-aeetie Ether, Mesi^ie At'
eohol, Bihydrate of Mesit'ylene ; erroneously
called Naptha and Wood Naptha. A limpid,
colourless liquid, having a peculiarly pene-
trating and slightly empyreumatic odour. Its
density in the liquid state, is almost the same
as that of alcohol, 0.7921 . Its taste is disagree-
able, and analagous to that of peppermint. It
is miscible in all proportions with water, alco-
hol, and ether. It may be prepared by distil-
ling a mixture of two parts of crystallized ace-
tate of lead and one part of quicklime in a salt-
glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower part of the jar
being coated with fire-clay ; and a bent glass
tube, half an inch in diameter, adapted to the
month by a cork, so as to form a distillatory
apparatus. The jar is supported on the moutli
of a small furnace, by which the lower part
only is heated to redness, and the vapours are
conducted into a Liebi^'s condenser. The pro-
duct is repeatedly redistilled from quicklmie,
until its boiling point is constant at 132°.
ACET08A NOSTRAS
18
ACHNC
It haa been brought forward as a remedy in
phthisis pulmonalis; but evidently with un-
founded pretensions. It is an excitant^ and
may be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The
dose is ten to forty drops three times a day, di-
luted with water.
ACETOSA NOSTRAS, Rnmez acetosar-ft.
Pratensis, Rnmez acetosa — a. Romana, Rumez
seutatus — a. Rotundifolia, Rumez scutatus — a.
Vulgaris, Rumez acetosa.
ACETOSELLA, Ozalis acetosella.
ACETUM, okvt, Oxys, Aee'tum Vini, A.
Britan'nioumy Common Vinegar, Aeidum aeeto*'
««•§, A'legar, Aetftum Cerev%3*iay (F.) Vinai-
gre ; from ««ic, * a point,' acer, * sharp.' A li-
quor obtained by the acetous fermentation,
vinegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant
acid taste. One fluid ounce of the Acetum of
the United States Pharmacopoeia is saturated by
about 36 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of
aoda. It is refrigerant in fevers; antiseptic,
and anti-narcotic ; and eztemally is stimi&ant
and discutient.
Acs'tith Arohat'ict7M, Aeidum Aee^tieum
Aromat'icum, Aee'tum Tkeriaea'U^ A, quatuor
funim, J%iev9s* Vinegar, Vinegar of the four
Tkievee, MarseHlee Vinegar, (W.) Vinaigre Aro-
matique, V, dee quatre voleure, (Rorismarin
eaeum, eiee,, Fol. Salvia sing. §j. Lavand.
Jhr. sice. ^iv. Caryopk, eont. 3SS. Add, Aeet,
Oij. Macerate 7 days, and filter. — Ph. E.) Odour
pungent and aromatic. Used as a perfume.
AcETUH Britamnicum, Acetum.
Acs'tum Canthah'idis, Vinegar of Cantho"
rides, {Cantharid. in pulv. 2iij. Aeid, aeet. f.
,^v., Aeid. pyrolign, f. ^xwiEupkorh* in pulv.
crass, ^ss. Mix the acids ; add the powders ;
macerate for seven days; strain; express strong-
ly, and filter the liquor. — Ph. £. The London
College macerates cantharid. S^ ^ 9jdA* acet.
Oj. for eight days; expresses and strains.) It
is used as a prompt vesicant.
Ace'tuh Col'cbici, Vinegar ofmeetdow eaf-
fron, (Colehie. rad» contue. ^ij ; Aeet, destU'
lot. Oil ; Alcohol, f. Jj : Ph. U. S. It may also
be made by displacement.) It is used as a di-
uretic, and also in gout. Dose f. ,:^ss. to ^iss.
AoETUH Dkstillatum ; see Aceticum aeidum
— a. Lignorum : see Aceticum aeidum — a. Mul-
sum dulce, Ozyglycus— «. Opii, Gutta Nigra —
a. Quatuor furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a.
Radicale, Aceticum Aeidum — a. Rosatum, Oz-
yrrhodinon.
Acetum ScxlljB, Aeidum Aceftieum SeHlit^-
ieum. Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre eeilli-
tique. (SeilliB eontxa. ^iv; Aeet.destillat. Oij;
Alcohol, f. ^j. Ph. U. S. It may also be made by
displacement.) Diuretic, expectorant, and eme-
tic . Dose f . ^ss to 9^ij as a diuretic and expecto-
rant.
Acetum Theriacals, Acetum aronuticum.
ACEYTE DE SAL. A remedy for bron-
chocele used in S. America. Roulin found it to
contain a portion of iodine.
ACHAuANA. A species of cactus, in the
province of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick
and fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good
edible, and is sold in the markets of the country.
ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of
Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as
an antisyphilitic.
ACHAOVAN, a species of Egyptian chamo-
mile. — ^Prosper Alpinus.
ACHAOYAN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name
of Cineraria maritima, used in female dis-
ACHAR, Atchar.
ACHE, Ap^ium graveolena—^. dee Mom-
tagnes, Ligusticum levisticum.
ACHE? LI A, Achi'lia, from a priv., and
retltg, <lip.' A malformation, consisting in a
deficiency of a lip or lips.
ACHEIXUS, Aehi'lus, same etymon. One
who is without lips.
^ ACHEIR, Achir, D/manue, from « priva-
tive, and /•{(, < hand.' One devoid of hands. —
Galen.
ACHEim A, Aehi'ria : same etymon. The
state of being devoid of hands.
ACHEROIS, Populus.
AC HI A, Achiar, A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamW.
AcHiA, Atchar.
ACHIAR, Achia.
ACHIC'OLUM, Aehit'olue, Hidrote'rion,
Suda^rium, Fornix, Tholue, Sudato'rium, The
sweating-room in the ancient bagnios.
ACHILIA, Acheilia.
ACHILLEA AGE'RATUM, Balsami*tafa:'
min'ea, Eupaito'rium mxs'ubs, Age'reOum, Cos'»
tus horto'rum minor, Maudltn, Maudlin Tan-
eey; (F.) AehilUe Vieqtteuee; Nat. Ord. Coro-
posits; Sui. Ord. Anthemide»; Sex, Syet.
Syngenesia Polygamia superflua, — ^has the same
properties as tanse^r, bitter and aromatic, and
is used in like affections.
Achille'a Atra't a, Herba Gen'ipi veri, (F.)
AehilUe Noire, has similar virtues.
Achille'a Millefo'lium, AekUWa Myrio-
phyVlon, Chryso^oma, MUlefo'lium, Chilio-
phyl'lon, Lumbus Ven'eris, Common Tarrouf or
Milfoil. (F.) MillefeuUle, The leaves and
flowers have an aromatic smell, and a rough,
bitterish, somewhat pungent taste. They have
been used in dyspepsia, flatulence, &c.
Achille'a Pta&'mica, Peewh-py'rethruen,
Py'rethrum eylvee'tri, Draco eylvee'trie. Tar-
chon eylveetrie, Stemutamento*ria, Draeun''
cuius Praten'sis, Sneeze-wort, Bastard Petli-
tory, Ptar'mica, (F.) Herbe ^ etemuer. The
roots and flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap-
proaching that of pyrethrum. Their princii«l
use is as a masticatory and sialogogue.
ACHILLME noire, Achillea atrata— a.
Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum.
ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley ,
mentioned by Theophrastus aiui Galen, called
after Achilles, a labourer. The decoction was
used in fevers and Jaundice. — Hippocrates.
ACHIL'LIS TENDO, Funis HiPFOc'RATist,
Corda sen Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda mag-
na, Nervus lotus, (F.) Tendon d'Aehille. The
strong tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above
the heel : so called, because it was the only vul-
nerable part of Achilles, or because of its
strength. See Tendon.
ACHILUS, AcheUus.
ACHIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of
physicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to
a magistrate who licenses physicians.
ACHIR, Acheir.
ACHIRIA, Acheiria.
ACHITOLUS, Achicolum.
ACHLYS, Caligo.
ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
ACHNG. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small
ACHOU4
19
TO AaDULATE
macoiu floccnli seen in front of the cornea.—*
Hippocrates.
ACHOL'IA, from « priTativey and x^ni
* bile.' Deficiency in bile.
ACH'OLUS: same etymon. One deficient
in bile.
ACHOR, Porrigo larvalie.
ACHORES. Atennoften employed by the
ancients to designate both enuta latftea^ and
small saperficial ulcerations on the skin of the
iaee and head. See Porri^o Larvalis.
AcRORvs Capitis, Pomgo scutulata.
ACHORISTUS, from « priy., and ;r"piC«»» ' I
separate.' Any sign which necessarily accom-
puiies a state of health or disease.
ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a spe-
cies of myrtle used in dropsy.
ACHRAS SAPOO'A. ElNispero. Avery
abradant tree in South America, the fruit of
liliieh is excellent. It is astringent. The
leares are likewise astringent. The seeds are
aperient and diuretic. It belongs to the fimiily
Sapotea». Sex, 8yst. Hezandria Monogynia.
ACHROI, Jchtomatufti, Jiekn/mati, Aekn/-
miy from « privative, and xQ**f"'9 ' colour.' Pale
individuals. — Hippocrates. It is nearly synony-
mous with Ici^t^i, persons without colour;
bloodless.
ACHROMA8IA, Decoloration.
ACHROMATI, Achroi.
ACHROMATIC, Arkromat'ieus ; same ety-
mon. A lens so constructed as to correct the
aberraticm of refrangibility of common lenses.
The Crfstalline is an achromatic lens.
ACHROMATISTI, Achroi.
ACHROMATOPSIA, Ckramttttfp$ewdoj/$uf,
Ckr9wtat&metaU0]/siay Pmrm^krtfmay Vint dtt-
tfitfTy Cohut bUndmetM, Ittiop^iof, Dattoni9m^
from a privative, <vp«^, ' colour,' and •nrofutt,
<Isee.' Incapabmtv of distinguishing colours.
A deliect situate in the cerebral part of the vi-
sual organ. See Acjanoblepsia.
ACHROMI, Achroi.
ACHTLO'SIS, from a privative, and %vil*<,
< juice, chyle.* Defective chylosis or mrma-
tion of chyle.
ACH YMO'SIS, from « privative, and xvfi^^
'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification.
ACHTkODES, Aceroeus.
ACHYRON, Furftir.
ACIA, from intig, a point. A word used by
Celsns, which has puzzled commentators,-— some
believing it to have meant a needle ; others the
thread ; and others, again, the kind of suture,
'*Ad* moSis, ntm mtmit torta,*' — Celsus, Galen.
(Chiflet thinks it meant the thread. — ^Antwerp,
J63H.)
ACID, ACETOUS, STRONG, Aceticnm
acidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid--a. Antimo-
ttiooa, Antimonium diaphoreticum— a. Arseni-
ous, Arsenicum alburn-^. Auric, see Gold — a.
Azotic, Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin,
flowers of— a. Boric, Boracic acid— a. Calcare-
ous, Carbonic acid— a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic
acid— a. Carbonous, Oxalic acid — a. Citric, Ci-
tric acid— a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic acid— a.
Cyanoh^dric, Hydrocyanic acid— a. Gastric,
Gastric juice.
Acid, Gallic, Atfidum GalVieum, (F.yAeidt
Gaiiique. This acid is found in most of the
astringent plants that contain tannic acid of the
kind obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky
needles, uaoally somewhat yellowish, inodorous.
and of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It
dissolves in one hundred parts of cold and threa
parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in al-
cohol, and but slightly so in ether.
It has been higUy extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from the urinary organs and
uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains.
Aero, Hippu'kic, A^'idttmHippt^ricwnyXXrO"
hevfzoie acid. An acid found in the urine of
graminivorous animals. It is contained in hu-
man urine, especially after benzoic acid has
been taken.
Acid, Htdriod'ic, Atf'idwm Hydriotticum,
This acid is made by mixing solntions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid ; filtering the li-
quor to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and
adding water to make the resulting hydriodic
acid of definite strength.
It has been used in the same cases as the
preparations of iodine in general, but is rarely
employed.
Aero, Htdrochloronitkic, Nitro-muriatic
acid — a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid— a.
Hydro-eulpnuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a.
Hydrothionic,Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Iflpasu-
ric : see Jatroplui curcas— a. of Lemons, Citric
acid — a. Lithic, Uric acid — a. Dephlogisticated
marine. Chlorine — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid
— a. of Milk, Lactic acid---a. Muriatic, see Mu-
riaticum acidum — a Nitric, see Nitric acid — a.
Nitro-h]rdrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Ni-
tro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Acid — a. Ni-
trous dephlogisticated. Nitric acid — a. Oxysep-
tonic. Nitric acid — a. Polygalic : see Polygala
senega — a. Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid— a. Py-
roligoeous : see Aceticum acidum — a. Pyroli^-
nic, Pyroligneous acid — a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid
— a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid — a. Sulphuric, see
Sulphuric acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric,
Uric acid — a. Urobenzoic, A. Hippnric.
ACIDE ACATiqUE FAISLEy see Aceti-
cum acidum — a. Boretciquey Boracic acid — a.
Gtdliquey Acid, gallic — a, Hydrocyamquey Hy-
drocyanic acid-^. Hydrotulfuriquey Hydro-
gen, sulphuretted — a. LcteUquey Lactic acid — a,
Nitriqu9y Nitric acid— a. Pho9phor%qu9y Phos-
phoric acid — a. Prussique, Hydrocyanic acid —
a. Sidfurtuxy Sulphuric acid — a, Sulfuriqus^
Sulphurous acid— a. Sulfuriqus d$li»yiy Sulphu-
ricum acidum dilutum — a. TanniqtUy Tannin.
ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
ACIiyiTIES, Aeo'resy AddUe^tioy Ae"idum
morbo'ttmm^ At^'idum prime/ rumvic/rrim,OxyteSy
Sordes o/'idtB, (F*)Aigreurs. Sourness of the
stomach, the result of indigestion, indicated by
acid eructations, &c. The affection is very
common in children, and must be obviated by
absorbents, as magnesia, chalk, kc, and by re-
gulated diet.
ACIDOLOG'aA, from ajcfc, < a point, a sharp
instrument,' and Aoyof, ' a description.' A de-
scription of surgical instruments.
ACIDS, A^'iday Aeo'rUy from osic, 'a
point,' ffenitive cm^c. Any liquid, solid or
gaseous body, possessed of a sour, more or less
caustic taste, and the principal character of
which is the capability of saturating, wholly or
in part, the alkaline properties of bases.
Acicb, in general, are refrigerant and anti-
septic. Their particular uses are pointed out
under the individual articles.
To ACID'ULATE. {Y ,) AiguiseryAeidtder.
To render acidulous, or slightly acid.
ACIDULOUS
ACCEUOB
ACIDULOUS, Acid^ulu;Ox^d€9y 0»^tU$,
(F.) Aeiduie, Aigre, Aigrtlet, Substances are
called acidulous which possess a sourish taste,
as tamarinds, cream of tartar, &c.
AciDVLous Fkuits, Oranges, gooseber
ries, &c.
Acidulous WATSR8,il^ie0a«M^«/<s. Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas snfficient to
render them sourish. See Waters, mineral.
Acidulous WxTBa, Simple, Aqua A^'idi
Carbon'iei^ (Ph. U. S.) Apia a'erisJSxi, Aqua
aeid'ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Soda $jfor'
v$s'e«ns, Aqua Carbofudtis Soda acutula, Soda
wattr, Mineral watery (F.) Eau Addult tim-
pie, is water impregnated with fixed air.
Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slight-
ly stimulating. It is used beneficially in dys-
pepsia, and in cases of vomiting, &c.
ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidnm—
a. Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum
— a. Aceticum camphoratum: see Aceticum aci<
dnm — a. Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyrolig-
neous acid — a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum
•cillflB— a. Acetoselhe, Oxalic acid — a. Aceto-
sum, Acetum — a. Allantoicum, Allantoic acid
— a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid — a. Arsenico-
sum, Arsenious acid— a. Arseniosum, (Ph. U.
S.) Arsenious acid — a. Azoticum, Nitric acid —
a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers of— a. Bo-
racicum, Boracic acid — a. Borussicum, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid —
a. Citricum, Citric acid— a. (Sallicum, Acid,
gallic — a. Hydriodicum, Acid liydriodic-~«.
Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic acid — a. Hydrochlo-
ric um, Murtaticum acidum-^. Hydrocyani-
cum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydrothionicum
liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted water — a. Ja-
trophicnm, see Jatroplui curcas — a. Lacticum,
Lactic acid — a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid —
a.^ Ligni pyro-oleosum, « Pyroligneous acid — a.
Lithicum,tJric acid — a. Marinum concentratnm,
Muriaticum acidum — a. Morbosum, Acidities
-^. Muriaticum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Mu-
riaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatic
acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid--«. Nitricum, Ni-
tric acid — a. Nitro-Muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic
acid— a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phosphori-
cum. Phosphoric acid — a. Primarum viarum.
Acidities— a. Prussicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a.
Pyro-aceticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci-
tannicum. Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid
-;-«. Saccharinum, Oxalic acidr--a. Sails, Mu-
riaticum aeidum— a. Sails culinaris, Muriati-
cum acidum— a. Salis marini, Muriaticum aci-
dum — a. Septicnm, Nitric acid — a. Succini-
cum. Succinic acid— a. Sulphuricum, Sulphuric
acid — a. Sulphuricum alcoolisatum, Elixir aci-
dum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum aromaticum, Sul-
phuric acid, aromatic — a. Sulphuricum dilu-
turn. Sulphuric acid, diluted— «. Sulphuris vo-
latile, Sulphurous acid— a. Sulphurosicom, Sul-
phurous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin— a. Tartari
essentiale. Tartaric acid— a. Tartaricum, Tarta-
ric acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid — a. Uri-
cum, Uric acid — a. Urolithicum, Uric acid —
a. Yitriolicum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum
aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum—
a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulphuri-
cum acidum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum vino-
sum. Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Zooticum, Hy-
drocyanic acid — a. Zootinicumy Hydrocyanic
acid.
ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative.)
ACIERy Cfaalybs.
ACIES, Chalybs— a. Digitorum manus. Pha-
langes of the fingers— «• Diurna, Hemeralopia.
ACINE'SIA, Adntfsis^ AMn^sia, ImmoM-
itasyQuies,Roquies, Requio'tiOyEsyeh'ia, Erom''
»a,from a privative, and iterate, 'motion,' »!»••,
< I move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the in-
terval between the systole and diastole of the
heart— Para9y«/o/f.
Under the term Aeinoses, Remberg incliidea
the paralytic neuroses, or those that are cha-
racterized by defect of motive power.
ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malpighi-
ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA) Choroid, Uvea.
ACINUS, Aef'inus glandulo'nu, from a^'-
inu*, * a grape-stone.' A glandiform eorpuseU
or granulation, A fancied termination of a
secretory artery of a gland in a granular body,
in which the secretion is supposed to tiUce i^ace,
and the excretory radicle to arise. Acini are
the gloVuli arteric^rum ter^mini of Nichols.
The termo^^mt glandulo'si has also been given
to glands, which, like the pancreas, are arringed
as it were in clusters. See Lobule.
ACIURGIA, Surgery, (operative.)
ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
ACMAS'TICUS, from ok/ui;, < the top,' and
o'Tau, 'I remain.' A fever which preserves an
equal degree of intensity throughout its course.
It is also called Homot'onoe. The Greeks gave
it the name of Epttomas^titos^ and Syn'o5u>9y
when it went on increasing,— «nd ParaofmM'H'-
eos, when it decreased.^— Galen.
ACM fi. Vigor, Cor^y^hl, Culndna Ho, Status,
Fastig^'ium, The period of a disease at which
the symptoms are most violent. A^/^, is * the
commencement;' antftmn^, <the period of in-
crease;' and eaifiiiy * the height.'
ACMON, Incus.
AON£, Aenajonftkus varus, Varus yPgfdr^^
da Aene, Stone Poek, Wholkj Buhwde, (F.)
Dartre vustuleuse diss&miniio. A small pim-
ple or tuoercle on the face* — Gorrasus. Foenus
thinks the word ought to be Aemo, and, accord-
ing to Cassius, it is, at all events, derived from
AxAcif) ' vigour ;' the diseate affecting those in the
vigour of life, especially.
Willan and Bateman have adopted the term
in their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and
placed it in the Order, Tubbrcula. Acne,
with them, is an eruption of distinct, hard, ii^
flamed tubercles, sometimes continuing for a
considerable length of time, and sometimes sup-
purating slowly and partially. They usually
appear on the forehead, temples and chin; and
are common to both sexes; but the most severe
forms are seen in young men. They require
but little management, and consist of four vari-
eties; Aens indura'ta, A, simplex, (HaploSenM,)
A» punete^ta {Ion' thus varus puneta'tus, Pune-
ta muetfsa, Comedo'nss or Maggot Pimplo,) and
A, rost^cea* — See (rutta Rosea.
Aoifs RosACKA, Gutta rosea— a. of the Throat,
Pharyngitis, follicular.
ACNES'TIS, from a privative, and irraf tr, *Xo
scratch.' The part of the spine which extendg,
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to
the loins. According to Pollux, the middle of
the loins. The vertebral column.
ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
ACOE, Audition, Ear.
AC(E'LIOSy from a privative, and «ouua»
ACOEMET£S
SI
ACRALEA
^bellY.' Devoid of belly- One wbo is so em
ciaUn a* to aroear to have no belly. — Galen.
ACOSM'ETER, Aeoumeter.
ACOEMETRUM, Acoometer.
ACOENOSI, Aconnai.
ACOESIS, Audition.
ACOGNOSIA, PharmacognoBia.
ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
AC0LO6T, Materia Medica.
ACONE, Mortar.
ACONira GRANDS FLEZmS, Aconitam
cammararo-— «. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora.
ACONITA, see Aconitum napellns.
ACONITE, Aconitum.
ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellns.
ACONITUM, from Ac'oni, a place in Bithy-
nia, where it is common. Cynotftomm, Par-
dcU^ckesy Pardalianfekum, Canic^day Ae'o-
nitef Wolfsbane, MonJktkood. Nat, Ord, Ra-
nnncniaces. 8ex. Syst. Polyandria Trig^rnia.
AooNi-HTM, Aconite, in the Pharmacopceia of
the United States, is the leayeji of Aconitum
Napellus, and A. paniculatum.
Acoifi''rDii An'thob.a. AeonCtum Salvtif'
tr u m y Anftkora vtUge^riSy An'thora, Antitk'oray
Sal'fUmrff Monishoody Wholesome Wol/sbaney
YUlofo helmet jlower, (F.) Acotdt salutaire.
The root of this variety, like all the rest, is
poisonous. It is used as a eathartic and anthel
mintic. Dose ^ss to ^j.
AcoHi^Tuaa'CABi'iiAarM, A. panieula'tvm, (F.)
Ae^ndt ^ grands fieursy resembles Aconitum
Napelhis in properties.
Aconi'tuv Napel'lus, Napel'lus verusy Aeo-
nCtnmy Commum Monkshood or Wolfsbane y A.
Neamumttinum. (F.) Chaperon de Maine, The
leaves are narcotic, sudorific, i^id deobstruent(7)
They have been used in chronic rheumatism,
scrofula, scirrhus, paralysis, amauroeis,&c . The
active principle is called Aeonitfiay Aeomti^na,
Aeoni'tay Aeanit'ium or Aeon'itine, It has been
used of late, applied externally, in neuralgic
cases, iatraleptically and endermically. Dose
of tiie Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij.
AcoNirmc Nbomontanuh, A. napellus — a.
Paniculatum, A. cammarum. — a. Salutiferum,
A. anthora.
ACONU'SI, Aeohi'osiy AeoMosiy from axoi;,
'audition,' and mv^^;, 'disease.* Morbi auf-
rium et audi*tts. Diseases of the ears and au-
dition.
ACOONOSI, AconnsL
AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next Pliny
^ves this name to a precious stone, which was
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
ACOPON, from « privative, and xs^e;, •wea-
riness.* A remedy against weariness — Foesius,
Gorraens, &c. Ac*opumy — Celsus, Pliny. See
Anagyris.
ACOPRIA, Constipation.
ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin-<a. Boraci-
cua, Boracic acid— a. Snccineus, Succinic acid
~«. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid — a. Tartaricus.
Tartaric acid.
ACORE BATARDy Iris pseudacorus— a.
Pout, Iris peeudacorus — a, Odoranty Acorns
calamus.
ACORES, Acids and Acidities.
satiate.* An inordinate or canine appetite. —
Hippocrates.
ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorus.—
Dioscorides.
ACOR'MUS, from a privative, and ««p/toc,
•trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk. — Gurlt.
ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea— a.
Oily, Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus
castanea.
ACORNS. See Quercus alba.
ACORUS ADULTERINUSjIris pseudacorus.
Ac'oBUS Cal'amus. a. VeruSy Catamus Aro-
mat'ieusy C. Odorc^tusy Cal'amus vtUga'riSy Ty*
pha Aromca'ieay Acorus Brazilien'stSy Clava
Rugo*say Sweetjlag or Atforusy Flagrooty Sweet
eane. Myrtle Plagy Sweet grass. Sweet rooty
Sweet rush. (F.) Jonc Roseau on Conns aro^
matigusy Acore odorant, Nat. Ord. Aroides;
Acoraceas. (Lindiey.) Sex. Syst. Hexandria
Monogynia. The rhizoma— Oa/'aif»t<j (Ph. U. S.)
— is stomachic and carminative, but is rarely
used. It is regarded as a good adjuvant to bark
and quinia in intermittents.
Ao'oRus Palustkis, Iris pseudacorus-— a. Vul-
garis, Iris pseudacorus.
ACOS, Medicament
ACOS'MIA, from a privative, and xoff^*;,
•order, ornament.' Disorder, irregularity in
the critical days, according to Galen, who uses
the word ito0-/uo; for regularity in those days.
Others, and particularly Pollux, call bald per-
sons etxoafi,oty because they are deprived of one
of their most beautiful ornaments.
ACOUM'ETER, Aeouom'ster, Aeoem'etery
Aeoem'etmmy Acn'meter, Acustm'etery (F.)Acou'
mitre y from ttirovcr, • I hear,' and /uit^ov, • mea-
sure.* An instrument designed by M. Itard for
measuring the degree-of hearing.
ACOUMATREy Acoumeter.
ACOUOPHO'NI A, Co^'nia; from <kov», 'I
hear,' and ^oiri;, 'voice,' ^^Aus'ciUtcUoryPereus'^
sion.'* A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, and analy-
zes the sound produced by percussion. — Donne.
ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved
sense of hearing.
ACOUS'TIC, Acus'tieus. That which be-
longs to the ear ; as Acoustic nerve. Acoustic
trumpety ifC.
Acoustic Msdicink is one used in diseased
audition.
Acous'tics, ilcttj'ftVo. (F .) Acoustigue. The
part of physics which treats of the theory of
sounds. It is also called Phonics.
ACOVSTIQUEy Acoustics.
ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii— a. Broc-
chieri. Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua
Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a.
della Tofiana, Liquor arsenicalis.
ACQUETTA, Liquor arsenicalis.
ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal sulphureous springs are in Piemont.
Their temperature is 167^ Fahr.; and they con-
tain sulphohydric acid, and chloride of sodium.
ACQUIRED DISEASES, Morbi aeqni si' tiy
Adventitious diseases y M. Adventi'tii, M. epiC'
te'ti. (F.) Maladies acquises. Diseases whj^
occur after birth, and which are not dependent
upon hereditary predisposition. *
ACRAI'PALA, from « privative, and x«er»-
TzaXr;, 'drunkenness' Remedies against the "ef-
I fects of a debauch. — Gorroeus.
i-
ACOR'IA, from a privsitive, and xjiw, •!» ACRALEA, from «x«^f, 'extremity.' The
ACRANIA
ACROP81LON
ertreme parts of the body, u the head, hands,
feet, noee, ears, kc^ — Hippocrates and Galen,
gee Acrea.
ACRA'NIA, from a priyative, and x^a^icf,
'the cranium.' Want of cranium, wholly, or in
part.
ACRAS SAPOTA, Achras sapota, Sapota.
ACRA'SIA, from a privatire, or * bad,' and
*il*^tf9 < mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of
any kmd^ — Hippocrates.
It has been employed to denote debility, sy-
non3rmou8ly with Aeratia; but this may have
been a typographical inaccuracy.
ACRATI'A, from a privative, and xforo;,
*■ strength.' Impotence ; weakness, fainting.
ACRATIS'MA, from a privative, and xf^ov-
«i;fc I , < to mix.| A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine, not mixed with water. —
Galen, Athenasus.
ACRATOM'ELI, fromM^^areir, * pure wine,'
jmd ^cxi, < honey.' Wine mixed witn honey.
ACRATOPC)SlA,from^era«im, and noot;,
< drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed
wine.
A'CRATUM, tfx^oTvir, from a privative, and
rmujo^y ' strength.' Unmixed wine, — Aeratum
vinum, Vinum merum*
ACRATnRE'SIS,from^eratta,<weaknes ,
and ovQ»Ty < urine.' Inability to void the urine
from paralysis of the bladder.
ACRG. The extremity or tip of the nose.
A'CREA, Aerottfria^ from axv«f , ' the sum-
mit.' The extreme parts of the body, as the
feet, hands, ears, &c.
Also the extreme parts of animals that are
used as food. Aeroeo'lia.
ACRID, from ajcf oc, * a point or summit,' or
from uKi(, ' a point,' ^Mr. An epithet for sub-
stances which occasion a disagreeable sense of
irritation or of constriction at the top of the
throat.
Acrid heat, (F.) Ckaleur dcre, is one that
causes a hot tiiijgling sensation at the extremi-
ties of the fingers.
AcBm Poison, See Poison.
Acams, in Pathology, are certain imaginary
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist
in the humours, and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
ACRIDOPH'AGI, from aMQtg, « a locust,' and
•ay CI, <I eat' Locust-eatert. Acridophagous
tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo.
ACRIMONY, Aeu'itiu, Aerimo'nia, from
meer, ' acrid,' ok*;, ' a point.' Acrimony of the
humours. An imaginary acrid change of the
blood, lymph, &c., which, by the humourists,
was conceived to cause many diseases.
ACRIN'IA, from a privative, and tt(fivu, * I
separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a
total suspension, of the secretions.
ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence. J\}ao the
locust
ACRI'SIA, Acrifsisy from a privative, and
x?>a>i0, < judgment' A condition of disease, in
which no judgment can be formed ; or in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given. — ^Hipp.
and Galen.
ACRISIS, Acrisia.
ACRIT'ICAL, A<fr%to$, from * privative,
and xqioiq, < judgment' That which takes place
without any crisis, or which does not foretell a
crisis ; as a eritieal symptom, abteest, &c.
ACRITOS, AcriticaL
ACRIVIOLA, Tropvolum majus.
ACROAMA, Audition.
ACROASIS, Audition.
ACROBYfi'TIA, Aeropos'Ma, from ct«(«r,
'top,' and fivw, <I cover.' The extremity of
the prepuce. — Hippocrates. Rufiis.
ACROCHEIR', AeroMr', AeroehHr'tm, from
oxfoc, < extremity,' and /ii^, < the hand.' The
fore arm and hazuL Gorrseus. Also, the hand.
ACROCHORDON, fromcx^o;, < extremity,'
and xm^n, * a string.' A tumour, which hai^^
by a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Vem^ca
pens'ilis. — ^Aetius, Celsus.
ACROCHORIS'MXJS, from om^oq, 'extre-
mity,' and x*9*v»»f * I dance.' A kind of dance,
with the ancients, in which the arms and legs
were violently agitated.
ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
ACROD'RYA, from ax<«^ ' extremity,' and
te'a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts^ ap-
&c.
ACRODYN'IA, Eryths'ma aerotPynum, £.
aerodyn'iii, (F.) AerodywU, from ax{»(, <ex.
tremity,' and •^tftn, < pain.' A painful affection
of the wrists and ankles especially, which ap-
peared at Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and
1839. It was supposed by some to be rheanoa^
tic, by others to be owing to spinal irritation.
ACROLENION, Olecranon.
ACROMASTIUM, Nipple.
ACROMIA, Acromion.
ACRO'MIAL, Aeramia'lU. Relating to the
Acromion, (q. v.)
Acromial Ar'tbet, External Seajfutar, A.
Arte'ria I%orae^'iea humera'lis, Arthre troisihme
dss Thoraeiques^ — (Ch.) A, Th0raeiqus kumi"
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillanr
artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectorals
minor. It divides into two branches : one, su-
perior; the other, •n/«rtor,--the branches of
which are distributed to the subclavius, senrn-
tus major anticus, first uitercostai, deltoid, and
pectoralis major muscles, as well as to the
shoulder joint, &c. The^ anastomose with the
superior scapular, thoracic, and the circumflex
arteries.
Acromial Ybiii. Has the same arrangement
as the artery.
ACRO'MIO-CORACOIDEUS. Belonging to
the acromion and coracoid process.
The triangular ligament between the acro-
mion and coracoid process of the scapula is so
called.
ACRO'MION, Aero'mium, Aero'nUa, Aero'-
mis, from a«<o^, * the top/ and wpios, * the shoul-
der,' Os Aero'mii, Hu'merus summus, Armus
summus, Muero-hu'meri, Rostrum porei'num.
Caput Sea]/ula, Aeroco'lium. The process
which terminates the spine of the scapiQa, and
is articulated with the clavicle.
ACROMIS, Acromion.
ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon.
ACROM'PHALON, Aeromphalium, from
attgoc, ( the top,' and o^cf al«c, * the navel.' The
ei^emity of the umbilical cord, which renMiins
attached to the fcBtus after birth.
ACROMYLE, PatelU.
ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison.
A'CRONYX, from »tiQog, <the sununit,' and
om^, ' the nail.' Growing in of the naiL
ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia.
ACROPSI'LON, from aicH, < extremity,'
ACRORIA
ACTTERIUS
and 4fil9f, * naked.' Tbe eztremity of the glana
penis.
ACRORIA, Vertex.
ACRORRHEU'MA, Ekeumatis'mw extf-
mitatumy from a»{f>$, ' extremity,' and {••Ma^
<deflnxiony rbeomatiam.' RheumatUm of the
extremities.
ACROS, MfK, 'extremity, top.' The
strength of the Athlets, and of diseases ; the
prominences of hones : the extremities of tbe
fingers, &c See Acrocheir, Acromion, &c
ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity.
ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmns.
ACROTERIAS'MUS, Acrofri'<uiSy from
«K^oTii(M, 'the extremities ;' hence ««c»Tif{ia-
Cfir, 'to mntiJate.' Amputation of the extre-
mities.
ACROTHYMION, from (ur«o«, «top,* and
9^ory 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugoos,
hloody wart, compared hy Celsus to the flower
of thyme.
ACR0T1CA, from w^o^j 'summit* Dis-
eases aflTecting the excement frmctions of the
external su^ce of the hody.
Ptavity of the floids or emonctories that onen
on the external sorfiice; without fever or oUier
internal affection as « necessary accompani-
menL
The 3d order of the class Eeerii'iea of Good.
ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia.
ACT, Aetuty from aetumy past participle of
€ger€y ' to do,' ' a thing done.' The effective
exercise of a power or faculty. The action of
an agent. Aeu is used hy the French, to signi-
fy the public discussion, which occurs in sup-
porting a thesis : — thus, sout&nir un Aef aux
MeoUs ds M6dieiney is, < to defend a Thesis in
the Schools of Medicine.'
ACTJE'A RACEMCKSA, Cimicifitgay (Ph.
U. S.) C. rae$wto*say Ma6ro*try$ raeemn/say
JMrofkU Serpenta'riaQ) Serpenta'ria fdgray
Blaei snaJtervciy Riehwedy Cokoshy Squaw
rooty RattUwudy Black Cohosh. (F,) Aeiie d
grappoMy Serpontairo noirt. Nat, Ord, Ra-
noneulaces. Sex, Syat. Polyandria Pentagy-
ma. A common pfamt in the United States.
Tbe root is astringent; and, according to Bar-
ton« has been successfully used, in the form of
decoction, as a gargle in putrid sore throat A
decoction of the root cures the itch. It is acro-
narcotic, and has been used in rheumatism, acute
and chronic ; chorea, &c
AcTJtfA Spica'ta, Baneberryy H$rh ChMto-
pker. (F.) H$rbe St, ChriHopho, A perennial
herbaceous European plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore. The
root is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in
overdoses may produce dangerous consequences.
Aeta'a America'nay of which there are two var
rieties. A, alha and A, rubray — iohite and red
n>ho9h, is indigenous in the United States. It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
ACTE, Sambucus.
ACTBy Act.
ACTf.B a GRAPPESy Actiea racemoaa.
ACTIPy Active.
ACTIO, Action, Function.
KCTlOHyAe'tiOyOpera^tioyEnergi^ayPraxie:
from oi^roy aotvmy 'to act.' Mode in which
one object influences another.
The animal aeiions are those that occur in
the animal body: the vital, those that are «»>
ieatial to life: the physidlogiealy those of a
healthy character : the pathological, or morbi/iey
those that occur in disease, &c. The ancients
divided Htud physiological actions into vital, ani-
maly natural, sexualy particular, general, &c.
See Function.
ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
ACTIVE, same etymon. Dras'tieusy Acti'-
urns, Sthen'icus, Hypersthen'ieits, (F.) Aetif.
This adjective is used, in Pathology, to cbnvey
the idea of superabundant energy or strength.
Active eymptomsy e. g. are those of excitement.
In Therapeutiesy it signifies energetic : — as, an
active treatment. The French use the expres-
sion Medeeinc agissante, in contradistinction to
Midecinc expectante. In Physiology, ttctiv
has a similar signification, many of the func-
tions being divided into active and passive.
ACTON. A village near London, at which
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at
Epsom.
ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That
which acts immediately. A term usually re-
stricted to the red hot iron, or to heat in any
form ; in contradistinction to the potential or vir-
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics.
ACTU AWUS. Originall)r a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
ACUITAS, Acrimony.
ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter.
ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
A'CUPUNCTURE,-4c«jw««*wVa, from acus,
'a needle,' and punctura, 'a puncture.' A
surgical operation, much in use amongst the
Chinese and Japanese, which consists 'in punc-
turing parts with a very fine needle. It has
been eim)lo;^ed, of late years, in obstinate rheu-
matic affections, &c., and apparently with suc-
cess. Acupuncture is likewise a mode of in-
fanticide in some countries; the needle being
forced into the brain through the fontanelles,
or into the spinal marrow, &c.
ACURGIA, Surgery (operative.)
ACUS, Needle— a. Capitata, Pin->a. Inva-
ginata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see Needle
— a. Paracentica, Trocai^~a. Paracentetica,
Trocar— a. Triquetra vulgaris. Trocar— a. Ve-
neris, Eryngium campestre.
ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
ACUSIS, Audition.
ACUSTICA, Acoustics.
ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
ACUTE, Aeu*tusy o^uf , (a*ig, 'a point.') (P.)
Aigu, A disease which, with a certain degree
of severity, has a rapid progress, and short du-
ration, is said to be " acute."— 02;yno««'ma,
Oxyn*osos, Oxynu'sos,
Diseases were formerly subdivided into ilfor-
hi acutis'simiy very acute, or those which last
only three or four days: JIT. suhacutis'simiy
which continue seven days : and M, subacu'tiy
or those which last from twenty to forty days.
The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute,
when applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means
sharp, -
ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille,
ACYAN0BLEP8IA, from « privative, xum.
roc, 'blue,' and (ixtnta, 'I see.' Defective
vision, which consists in incapability of distin-
guishing blue. — Gothe.
ACYESIS, Sterilitas.
ACVUUS, Arnica montana.
ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
ADACA
AD£LFHi2IA
ADACA. The Sf^€Bran'thus In'dieusy a
Malabar plant, which U acrid and aromatic.
ADAC'RYA, from a privative, and iaa^trnf
* I weep.' Defective secretion of tears.
ADiEMONIA, Anxiety.
ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the
family Apocynes, used in that country in dis-
eases of the eyes.
A]>ALI, Ldp'pia* A Malabar plant, which
the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite
of the naja,
ADAMAS, Diamant.
ADAMITA, AdanU'twin, A very hard,
white calculus. — Paracelsus.
The first word has been used for stone in the
bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calcu-
lous condition.
ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami.
ADANSONIA DIGIT AT A, Baobab.
ADAR'CB, Adar'cion, Adar'eis, A concre-
tion found about the reeds and grass in the
marshy regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as
it were : hence the name, from u privative, and
^«$xai, < I see.' It was formerly in repute for
cleansing the skin from freckles, &c.
ADARIGO, Orpiment.
ADARNECH, Orpiment.
ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
AD CUTEM ABDOMINIS (ARTERIA.)
The superJicicU artery of the abdofnen, — a branch
of the crural or femoral, w^hich arises at the
lower part of Poupart's ligament and ascends
towards the umbilicus, being distributed to the
integuments.
ADD AD. A Numidian plant. Bitter and
poisonous.
ADDEPHAG"IA, Adepkag^'ia, from adiijy,
'much,' and <pay«(f, 'to eat.' VoriMotisness.
Galen and Hoffman have given this name to
voracious appetite in children affected with
worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also,
the goddess of gluttony.
ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulga-
tum.
ADDITAMENTUM. A term once used
synonymously with Epiphysis, q. v. It is now
restricted to the prolongation of two cranial
sutures, the lambdoidal and squamous.
Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis
csBci — a. Necatum, Olecranon— a. ad Sacrolum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnae.
Olecranon — a. Ulnae, Radius.
ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi.
ADDUCTEUR DE VCEIL, Rectus inter-
nus oculi — a. du Gros orteil, Adductor poUicis
pedis — a. Premier ou moyen. Adductor longus
femoris — a. du Fouee, Adductor pollicis manus
— a. Second ou petit. Adductor brevis — a. Troi-
siems ou grand. Adductor magnus.
ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, «to,'
and ducere, * to draw.' Parago*gi, The action
by which parts are drawn towards the axis of
the body.
The muscles which execute this function are
called Adduc'tors,
ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos-
terior medii digiti pedis-— a. Oculi, Rectus in-
ternus oculi.
Adduc'tor Metacae'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me-
taear'peits. Car' po-met oca/ pens nUn'imidig"iti,
is situate between the adductor and flexor, next
to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, iVom
the unciform process of the os unciforme, and
from the contigiioaB part of the amiuUr li|;a-
ment of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous
and fleshy, into the fore-part of the metacarpal
bone of the little finger, from its base to its head.
Adduc'toe Pols' licjs Manus, A, PoPlids, A,
ad min'i'mum dig'^itum^ Metaear^po-phalan'gt'
us pol'lieis--{C)i.) (F.) Addueteur dupouee, A
muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the
whole length of the metacarpal bone of the
middle finger, and is inserted into the inner part
of the root of the first bone of the thumb.
Adduc'toe Pol'licis Pedis, Aruith'enar,
Metatar'so'tubphalan'geus pollieis, -{Ch.} Tar-
so-metatarsi-phalangien du pouee, (F.) Ad-
dueteur du gros orteil* Arises by a long, thin
tendon, from the under part of the os calcis,
from the os cuboides, os cuneiforme externum,
and from the root of the metatarsal bone of the
second toe. It is divided into two fleshy por-
tions, and is inserted into the external sesamoid
bone, and root of the metatarsal bone of the
great toe.
Bichat has given the general name, Addtuf»
tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
hand or foot, which perform the action of ad-
duction.
Adductor Teeth Dxoiti Pedis, Prior tertii
digiti pedis.
Adductobs 07 THE THioH. These are three
in number, which have, by some anatomists,
been united into one muscle^the Triceps Ad-
duc'tor Fem^oris,
1. Adduc'tor longus fim oris, Addue' tor fom'"
oris primus, Triceps mtnor, Pu'bio-femore^lism
-^(Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moyen addueteur.
Arises by a strong tendon from the upper and
fore part of the os pubis and ligament of the
symphysis, at the inner side of & pectinalia.
It runs downwards and outwards, and is iiisert-
ed by a broad, flat tendon, into the middle of
the Imea aspera.
2. Adduc'tor brevis, A, few! oris s^cun'dus^
Triceps secun'dus, Sub^pubio-fetnoraUis. — (Ch.)
(F.) Second ou petit Addueteur* Arises tendi-
nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym-
physis, below and behind the last moscle. It
runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a
short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part
of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro-
chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion
of the adductor longus.
3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris
te/tius et quartus. Triceps magnus, le'ehio-
femoraflis — (Ch.) (F.) Troieieme ou grand
addueteur, is much larger than either of the
others. It arises from the ramus of the pubis,
from that of the ischium, and from the tuber
ischii, and is inserted into the whole length of
the linea asperaV Near the lower part of the
linea aspera it is pierced by a kind of oblique,
fibrous canal, through which the crural artery
and vein pass.
ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus.
ADECTA, Sedatives.
ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant,
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
^ADELPHIX'IA, Adelphix'is ; from dL9a<po€,
< brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or
disease. Fraier'n\tas,Fratratio, Hippocrates
used the epithet Adetphia, for diseases that re-
semble eftch other. '
ADELFHIXIB
ADIANTUM AJLBUM
ADELPHIXIS, Sympftthy.
ADEMONIA, Depression^ Nostalgia.
ADEMOSTNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
ADEN, a/qv, <a gland;' hence Admalgia,
Adeniformy &c. — See Gland.
ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ui, from adnr, *a
gland,' and aXyo^f < pain.' Glandular pain.
ADENECTOPIA, from aii/t, «a gknd,' and
ff jrro;roc, ' removed from its place.' Dislocation
of a gland.
ADENEMPHRAXIS, from a«»», *a gland,'
and c^f^o^i g, * obstruction.' Glananlar obstruc-
tion.
ADENTFORM, AdeniforvifU, Adtnctdesy
Adsnoidy from Aden, <a gland,' and Formoy
'form or resemblance.' Glandiform^ or re-
sembling a gland.
AdInITE LTMPHATIQUE, Lymph-
adenitis.
ADENI'TIS, from aHypty *a gland,' and xHsy
a termination denoting inflammation. Pkleg-
wta'sia aderu/sa sen glaitdulo*sa. Glandular in-
flammation.
Adenitis Ltmphatica, Lympluldenitis.
Asehi'tis MssKnTKa'iCA, JUfssenter'ie Gan-
gli»ni^tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric
glands.
Adehitis Paubbraeum Comtagioba, see
Ophthalmia.
ADENOCHIBAPSOLOG"IA, from ain** '«
gland/ jfti^* 'the hand,' anrai, <I lay hold of,'
and io/of, <a description.' The doctrine of
caring scrofnla or the king's evil by the Toyal
touch.
ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from mir^v, ' a gland,'
and j)rovd^«(y 'a cartihige.' Relating to gland
and cartilage^ — ^for example, Arthroj^y'ma ade-
noehtn* driumy a tumefaction of the glands and
cntilages of joints. .
ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
ADENOG'RAPHY, Adetiogra'phiay from
oil^, * a gland,' and y^at^oi, ' I describe.' That
part of anatomy which describes the glands.
ADENDID, Adeniform.
ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
ADENOL'OGY, Adenolo^'ia, from oai^r, <a
gland,' and io)'o(, 'a description.' A treatise
on the glands.
ADENOMALA'CIA, from a^r^r, « a gland,'
and ^alattia, ' softening.' Mollescence or soft-
ening of a gland.
ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno-
menittgeal.
ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma.
ADET^O-PHARYN'GEUS, from adtity «a
0and,' and 9«<vxl, ' the pharynx.' Some fleshy
fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyn-
ds inferior to the thyroid gland, have received
uiis name. Their existence is not constant.
ADETfO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Sameetympn.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.»
AD'ENO^tLY'MA^Adenon'euSyAdenonco'na,
from adtjvy 'a gland,' and tpvftay <a swelling.'
Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion.
(F.) Glandagt, AdenophypM is used by some
to signify a soft glandukr swelling; — Adenon-
€u*y one of a harder character. — Kraus.
Adehopbtxa Ieouinaus. Bubo.
ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosdero'aisy from
■1^, *' a gland,' and 0M»tfSy < induration.' Scir-
ihoos induration of a gland.
ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus.
3
ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
ADENO^SUS, (Abscet'sus.) A hard, glan-
dular abscess, which suppurates slowly.— M.
A«- Severinus.
ADENOT'OUYyAdenotom^tayAomadtity <a
gland,' and T«^y», < I cut.^ Dissection of the
glands.
ADEPHAGIA, Addepbagia, Boulimia.
ADEPS, Adeps SuiUa, Oxyn'giumy Pingtuf*
do. Pig's flare. The fat of the hog. In the
Ph. U. S. the prepared &t of 3ub $crofay fr«e
from saline matter.
Adeps Anbeei'ma, Adept an'seri* or CrooM
greasey (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient. It
has been used as an emetic
Adeps Canthaeidibus Medicatus, IJnguen-
turn lyttaD medicatnm — a. Cortice Daphnes gni-
dii medicatus, Unguentum epispasticnm de
Daphne gnidio— a. Humanus, Liquamumia— a.
Hydrargyro medicatus, Unguentum Hydraigyri
— a. ex Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum,
Unguentum oxidi hydiargjrri cinereum— a. Hy-
drargyri muriate oxygenato medicatus, Ungoen*
turn muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum
— a. Hydrargyn nitrate medicatus, Unguentum
hydrargvri nitratis — a. Hydrargyri oxi^o rubro
et plumbi acetate medicatus, Unguentum oj^*-
ths3micum— a. Lauro medicatus, Unguentum
laurinum — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere, by-
oscyamo, et belladonnA medicatus, Unguentum
populeum — a. Sulfur^ et ammonix muriate me-
dicatus, Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem—
a. Sulfure et carbonate potassce medicatus, Un-
guentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem —
a. Tartaro stibii medicatus,, Unguentum anti>
monii tartarizati — a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Un-
guentum oxidi zinci impuri.
Adeps Prapara'ta, Hog's lard, Barrows
grease. Lard, Axunge, Axun'gia, Adeps euifla
prapara'ta, A. pmpara'ta, Axun'gia porei'na,
(F.) Graisse de Pore, Saindoux, is prepared by
melting, pig's flare, and straining it This is
called rendering the lard. Lard is emollient,
but is chiefly used for forming ointments and
plasters.
ADEPT, Alchymist
ADEPT A MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which
treated of diseases contracted. by celestial ope-
rations, or communicated from neaven.
Adepta Puilosophia, Alchymy.
ADFLATUS, Afllatus.
ADHiERENTIA, Adherence.
ADHiESIO, Adherence.
ADHATOTOA, Jueti^'ia adhato'da. The
Malabar Nut Tree, (F.) Noyer de Ceylon.
Used in India for expelling the dead fcetus in
abortion. The word is Miid to convey this
meaning in the Ceylonese.
MilSEfKR^C^,Adhtf*ion,Adharer^tia,Con'
ere'Hoy Atrtfsia, Proe'phyeis, ProeeclUaie, Ad^
hedaio, from adkcerere, (oJ and karere,) <to
stick to.' These words are usually employed
synonymously. The French often use adhe^
renee for the state of union, and adhesion for
the act of adhering.
ADHESION, Adherence.
ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMATION is that in-
flammation which terminates by an adhesion
between inflamed and separated surfaces.
Adh/sive is also an epithet for certain plas»
ters, which stick closely to the skin.
ADIANTUM ALBUM, Asplenium ruta mu-
raria— «. Aureum, Polytrichum.
ADUFHOROBIB
ABTRAMIA
Adiam'tiTm Cafil'lto Vsn'sais, from a, pri-
vative, and ^iam»y 'to grow wet/ from the
leaves not being easily moiatened. Maid&n
hair,. Nat. Ord, Filices. Sex, Sfst, Crypto-
gamia Filicea. (F.) Oapiilaire de Montpellier.
A European plant, of feeble, aromatic and de-
mulcent properties. It is used for forming the
Strop ds CapiUair9 or Capillair$,
Adian'tvii Pbda'tum, A» Canadgn'sB, Ca-
piFlus CunadMfsisy Herba Vefiferis, FUix Vm'-
eriSy Canada Mmd&nkairy Anferieem Maiden-
hair j Roekfertiy Swtttftmy (F.) CapUlmre du
Canadoy has the same properties. Capiilidre
was once made from this.
Adiahtvu Rubkum, Aspleidum trichoma-
noides.
ADIAPHOR<y8IS, Adiaphor^sisy from a,
privative, Sta, 'throng,' and ^t^'c, *a pore.'
Defect or sappresaion of perspiration, Adiap^
neu9*tia,
ADlATWOBOUSyAdiaph^orus, TndiJTerensy
Ntutral. A medicine wluoh will neither do
harm nor good.
ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
ADIARRHCE'A, from o, privative, and ^lo^*
p«ey, < to flow.' Retention of any ezctetioQ. —
Hippocrates.
ADICE, Urtica.
ADIPATUS, Fatty. ^
ADIPEUXy Adipose.
ADIPOCERA, Adipoeire—au Cetosa, CetSr
ceom.
AiyiPOCIREy Adipoce^roy from adepsy * fat,*
and etray * wax.' The base of biliary calculi,
Called also Chofetteriney (F.) Gras de9 Co-
davres, Gras des Citnetih-es. Also, a sort of
soap, formed from animal nutter under certain
circumstances. The human body, when it. has
been for some weeks in water, assumes this
appearance; and it has been a subject of legal
inquiry, what length of time is necessary to
produce it This must, of course, depend upon
various circumstances, as climate,^ season, &c.
ADIPOCmE DE BALEINEy Cetaceum.
AIVIPOSE, Adfipouty Adipo*9us,ftomadepSy
<fat.' (F.;| Adipeux. That which relates to
fht — as Adipose membraney A. vessels, &c See
Fatty.
Ad'iposb Sa&co'ma of Abernetht, Emphy^'
ma saroo'ma adipo'sufn, is suetty throu^out,
and enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed cei-
lular substance, connected by means of minute
vespels. It is chiefly found on the fore and
back parts of the trunk. See Sarcoma.
ADIPOSIS. See Polysarcia.
Adifo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimslo'sis hepafieay
Fatty livety Fatty degeneration of the livery
(^,) Diginsriseenee gredsseuse du Foie. Fatty
disease of the liver.
ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
ADIPOUS, Fatty.
ADIFSIA, Dips</sis expers. Absence of
thirst
ADIP'SON, from a, privative, and dtrpoy
< thirst' Any substance which relieves thirst
Applied to a decoction of barley to which oxy-
mel was added. — Hippocrates.
ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza,
AiyiTUS, *an entrance,' *an approach;'
from aderey aditumy <to go to.' Pros'odos,
The entrance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad
Aqfitsdnrtum Fallopii.
ADinLlS'TOS,from a, privative, and 9tvitl;a,
'I run.' Unstrained wine for phannacentical
purposes.-»Gomeus.
ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment
AD JUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur.
AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvansy from adjuvare,
'to aid.' A medicine, introduced into a pre-
scription to aid the operation of the principal
ingredient or basis. Also, whatever assists in
the removal or prevention of disease.
ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
ADNATA (TUNICA,) Cfonjunctiva.
ADNAE {MEMBRANEy) Conjunctiva.
ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescsn'tioy Juvsn'tus,
JEtas bona, Tonth; from adolescere {ad and
olescere) * to grow.' (T.) Jeunssse, The period
between puWty and that at which the body
acqoires its full development; bein^, in man,
between the 14th and 25Ui year; and, m woman,
between the 12th and 21st
ADOLES'CENS,J«'re«»*, Hebe'teSyHebe'tery
Hebe'tor. A youth. A young man in the period
of adolescence.
AD(yLIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves,
put in ml, form a liniment, used in facilitating
labour.
ADOR, Zea mays.
ADORION, Daucus carota.
ilDOtrC/SflTiUVr, Demulcent
AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of
the whole. In a prescription it means, that any
particular ingredient shall equal in Weight the
whole of the others.
ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis.
ADROBCTLON, from «u)^oc, 'great,' and
ftoXcfy < mass.' The bdellium of India, which
IS in larger pieces than that of Arabia.
ADROS, a8^9fy < plump and full' Applied
to the habit of body, and also to the paJae. —
Hippocrates.
ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos prnriens.
ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
ADSTANS, Prostate.
ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
ADSTRICTIO, Afftriction, Constipation.
ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents.
ADULAS'SO. The Justitia Hvalvis. A
small shrub, used in India as a local applica-
tion in gout
ADULT AGE, Andri'oy from adoleseerSy « to
grow to,' {ad and olerey olitnin, *to grow.*")
Viril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and
preceding old age. Adnlty AduTtusy is also
used for one in the adnh age.
ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogrypho-
sis.
ADURENS, Caustic.
ADURION, Rhus coriaria.
ADUST, Adus'tnsy ftom adUrere, (ad and
urere,) * to bum.' The blood and fluids Were
formerly said to be adust, when there was much
heat in the constitution and 'but little serum in
the blood.
ADUSTIO, Adustion, Bum.
ADUS'TION, Adus'Ho. State of the body
described under Adust In surgery, it signifies
eauterixation,
ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired
ADVENTITIUS, Accidental.
ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia; fh)m a, priva-
tive, and ^vrtf /KIC9 * strength,' AdyMsioy Ady^
ADYNAMIC
«7
A^Ri
ru^Ha. ConaideT&ble debility of the vital powfen ;
as in tyj^ns fever. Some Noeologists have a
claaa of diseases under the name Adjfnamitf,
B^fyse^y Morbi astken'iei,
Adtnamia Virtus, Impotence.
ABTNAM'IC, Adynamfieus yMy fodynam%e,
Hffodjfnamficus; same etymon. Appertaining
to debility of the vital powers.
AByNASIA, Adynamia.
ADTNATIA, Adynamia.
ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
ADYNATODOCHIUM, HospitoL
ADYN ATOS, Sickly.
JEIXEA, Genital organs.
JED(E^ AORAy from ai^tuy 'genital organs/
and my^oy * seizure.' Gout in the genitals.
iEDCEAG^RAPHT, JEdaagra^'ia, from at-
6tM, * offgans of generation,' and y^a^w, * I de-
scribe.' A description of the organs of generation .
iEDCEAL'OGY, JEdebaiag^'ia, from otaoia,
< the padendum,' and xo/o;, < a description.' A
treatise on the organs of generation.
^IKEATOMY, JEdaatowliay from «i0oia,
' the pudendum,' and rt^m, < I cut' Dissection
of the parts of generation.
iEDCEI'TIS, JEdaotifHsy MedeCHs; from
flci^io, ' genital organs,' and itisy denoting in-
flammation. Inflanunation of the genital organs.
iEDCEOBLENORRHCEA, Leucorrhcea.
.SDCEODYN'IA, from aiifom, 'genital or-
gans,' and o^rij, ' pain.' Pain in the genitals.
Podendagra (q. v.)
iEIXEOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nym-
phomania.
iEDCEOOARGARISMUS, Masturbation,
Nymphomania.
iEIKEOMANIA, Nymi^omania.
,£IKEON, Inguen.
.£D(£OPSOPH£SIS, .£d(Bopeo|rfiia.
i£DCE0PS0PH1A, JBdaopaopke^nsy from
ai^oto, < the pudendum,' and yro^itv, <to ntiike
a noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in
man, by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and
Sagar.
iED<BOP8oraiA Utskira, Physotnetra.
iEDCEOrmS, ^dceitis— s. Gangrenosa,
Colpocace— e. Gangrenosa puellamm, Colpo-
cace infantilis — e. Gangrenosa pnerperarom,
Colpoeace puerperarum.
ieDCEOTOMfi, JBdmatom'ia; from aiBo^Oy
'genital organs,' and to/c^, 'incision.' Ana^
toiny or direction of the genitals.
iEDOPTOSIS,Hy8teroptoeis— w. Uteri, Pro-
lapsus uteri — e. Uteri inversa. Uterus, inver-
sion of th€« — e. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio
uteri— «. Yaginse^ Frolapsus V. — le. VesicaB,
EIG'LUCES^ Aeigflncesy from o«, «al.
wayi,' and ylvirvc? ' sweet.' A kind of sweet
wine or must.— Gomens.
iEGAGROPlLA, JBgagrop'iliy from mya^
r^jHy * the rock goat,' and ntXo^y * hair,' Bizoar
fC^AlUmagrUy Pxta Dama'rum sen Rupieapra\
nm. A ball composed of hairs, found in the sto-
iDachofthesoatzoncensedniedicinaliy. Besoar.
iEGEIROS, Populus.
.SGER, Sick.
iE'GI AS, JSgisy JBgtiay JEgides, fnmtv «4,
Mhe goat;' why, is not Imown, (F.) Aige or
Aia^, There is obscurity regarding the pte-
riae meaning of this word. If was used to de-
fiipate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent
forasa^— Hi ppo c iates.
Maitre Jean vses it for a caleareous deposite
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
iEGIDES, .£gias.
.fi'GILOPS, An'ehilopsy An'kylopsy from «i^,
'goat,' and anp, 'the eye.' An ulcer at the
greater angle of the «ye, which sometimes does
not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others
does, and constitutes fistula lachrymalis. — Ga-
len, Celsus, Oribasins, Aetius, Paulus of iEgi-
na, &c. ^
iEGI'RINON. An ointment of which the
fmit or flower of the poplar was an ingredient;
fit)m oiyM^oc, 'the 'black poplar.'
iEGLIA, iEgias.
^GOCERAS, Trigonella fcenum.
iEGOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammula.
^GONYCHON, Lithospermum oflicinale*
jEGOPHONIA, Egophony.
iEGOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
jEGOPODIUM pod AGRARIA,Ligusticum
pociagraria.
^GRIPPA, Agrippa.
^GRITUPO, Disease— ». Ventriculi, Vo-
miting.
^GROTATIO, Disease.
iEGROTUS, Sick.
iEGYPTIA. An epithet for several medi-
cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of ^ina^
and Myrepsus.
i£oYp'TiA Moscrata, Hibiscus abelmoscfaos.
-^Egtp'tia Sttftb'eia, Atyvnna orvmii^im,
JBgyptian atum. Recommended by Hippocr.
lE^TP'TiAViJcKSiK'y JBgyfiianiacers, Ul-
cers of the fauces and tonsils, described by Are-
taeus, as common in Egypt sod Syria.
^GYPTIACUM, JSgyftimty Mende'aion,
Mel MgypHaet&m, Phar'macum .Sgyptiaeum.
A preparation of vinegar, honey, and verdigris,
scarcely used now, exe^ by veterinary sur-
geons as a detergent. See LinunentaiD iBra-
ginis.
^GYPTION, ^gyptiacum.
-fiGYPTIFM MEDICAMEKTUM AD
AURES, Fharmacom ad awes.
iBGYPTIUS PESSUS: JSgfptian pessary .
A pessaf y, co m poswl of honey, turpentine, but-
ter, oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part ;
with sometimes a sanll qoantity of verdieris..
AEICHRYSON, Sedme.
i£IPATHEIA, see Continent ((fisease.)
AEIPATHIA, see Continent (disease.)
iEMOPTOICA PASSIO, Hwmoptysi^
^NEA, Catheter.
iEOLECTHYMA, VwioJa.
iBOLLION, Yaricelk.
JBOLLIUM, Varieella.
J50N, atw. The eBtire age af a man frvm
birth til! deatL— Hippocrates, Galen. A Iso the
spoMd marrow. See Medulhi Spinalis.
ifiONESIS, Fomentation.
iEONION, Sedum.
iECRA, from etrM^t*, <1 suspend.' Gesta-
tion, swinging.— Actios, Cetsns, &e.
iBQUALIS, Equal.
iBQUArrOR OCULI. The line formed by
the union of the upper and under eyelid, when
they are closed. It is below the middle of the
globe.
JBWIVOCUS, Eqidvocai.
AftR, Air.
AERATKMOF THE BLOOD, HMiMtosia.
AERATUS, Carbonated.
AMiUy Carbonated.
JBREOLUM
98
^THER
JSREOLUM,jSf«o/««,CAtf/«AM#. Theiizth
part of an oboluB by weight, conaequently about
2 grains.
THESIS, atj^t^tf, < the removal of any thing.'
A suffix denoting a removal or Beparation, aa
Aph<BrB»iSf Diarins, &c.
AER6IA, Torpor.
AERIF'ER0US,il2rf/>r, (F.) Akri/ire, from
asr, * air,' and ferre, * to carry .*^ An epithet for
tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea,
and bronchia.
AERIFLUXIJS. The discharge of gas, and
the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence.
— Sauvages.
AERODIAPHTHORA, from atih '«r,' and
6ia^6opa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.
AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
AEROL'OGY ; A6rolog"ia^ Aerolog'^ieB, from
«!}{, ' air,' and iioyof, <a description.' That part
of ^ysics which treats of the air, its qualities,
lil^B, and action on the animal economy.
AER'OM ANC Y, Aeromanti'ay ftom « ^^9 'air,'
and 0La**t%imy ' divination.' An art in judicial as-
trology, which consists in the foretelling, by
means of the air or substances found in the at-
SROMELI, Fraxinus omus.
AEROPJtRITONIEy see Tympanites.
AEROPHO'BIA, from arig, *air,' and yo/Jn,
* fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often
accompanies hydrophobia, (q. v.) and some-
tihies hysteria and other affections.
AEROFUOB'ICVS, Aeroph'obus ; same ety-
mon. One affected with aerophobia.
AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus.
ARROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthonu
AEROFLEUJRIE, Pneumothorax.
AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
^RUC A, Cupri subatetas.
iERU'GINOUS, JBrugino'sus, lo'des, from
JErugo, 'verdigris.' (F.) ifugineux. Re-
sembling verdigris in colour ; as the bile when
discharged at times from the .stomach.
JBRuGO, io«, from ««, ' copper.' The rust
of any melal, properly of brass. See Cupri
Sobacetas.
M%tjQo Ferki, Ferri subcarbonas— ». Plum-
bi, Plumbi subcarbonas.
JE&y Cuprum.
^SCHOS, «e0;^0c. Deformity of the body
generally, or of some part. — Hippocrates.
^S'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, from
MCOy 'food,' [7] Casta^nea equi^na, Pavi^na,
Horse-eksstnut^ Buek-^9, (F.) Marrmtier
4>Ind9, JVof. Or<i. Hippocastanee. Sex.Syst,
Heptandria Monogynia. The bark has been
advised as a su^ititute for cinchona. Both
bsrk and fruit are astringent Ej^ternajly, it
has been employed, like cinchona, in gangrene.
^SECAVUM, Brass.
JESTATES, EpheUdes.
JESTHE'MA, atia^q/cat, gen. tn^Aij/tMOf, <a
aensation, a perception.' See Sensation and
Sensibility. In the plural, asthtfmata, the ap-
paratuses of the senses.
^STHEMATOL'OGY, jS8t1umatolog"ia;
from aiobfiftta^ and 2oyo(, 'a description.' The
doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or
on the appa ratus of the senses.
^STIlEMATONU'SI, JSstksmatorganonu''
tiy from 0na6iifiia, and 9wo9i, ' diseases.' Dis-
eases affiBcting sensation.
iESTHEKATOROANONUSI, iBsth^nato-
nusi.
^STHE'SIS, Aistke'sisy from a<r^«»r.
M«t9 'I feel.' The faculty of being affected
by a sensation. Perception. Sensibility, as
well as the senses themselves. See Sense.
JSSTHETERION, Sensoriom.
JQSTHETICA, from <u<r^aro^ai, 'I feel.'
Diseases affecting the sensations. Dulnesa, de-
pravation 6r abolition of one or more of the ex-
ternal organs of sense. The 3d order, clasa
N«urotiea of Good.
JBSTIVUS, Estival.
wESTUARIUM, Stove.
ifiSTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermenta-
tion.
^STUS, Ardor.
JSsTvs Yolat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching
or flushing of the face. — Vogel.
JBTAS, Age — ^, Bona, Adolescence — e. De-
crepita. Decrepitude — sb. Mala, Senectus— 9.
Provecta, Ssnectus— fs. Senilis, Senectus.
i£THER, Ether, from «i^, <air,' or from
<u9m, * I bum.' lAquor aths^rsus, A volatile
liquor obtained by distillation from a naixtme
of alcohol and a concentrated acid.
JQTHBa Chloiucus, Chloroform.
^THXR KYDtLOCYAit^ictSyJEther Prus'sieus,
Hydroeyan'ic Ether, Hydroey'anate 0/ E'tke-
rine, Cyan'uret of EthtUe, (F.y£ther hydros
eyaniqwe, has been advised in hooping-cough,
and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated.
Dose, 6 drops.
^Ether Martialis, Tincturaseu, Alcohol aul-
fusico-asthereus ferri-^ae. Nitricus alcoolisatus,
Spiritus etheris nitrici— «. Pyro-aceticua, Ace-
tone.
-^tAbr Svi^rwifRicvs, JB,Vi»riol'icus, TTapk^
tha Vitrioiij Sttlph'urie Ether* Ether prepared
from* sulphuric ether and alcohol. (Sp.' rectiji-
cat,; Add, Sulph. as Ibiss. Distil until a hea-
vier liquid passes over. Ph. L.)
Rectified Ether, JSther recHfica'tue, prepared
by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of suipkurie
ether, f. ^iv, fused potass, ,^ss, and distilled
water, f. ^ij, is a limpid, colourless, very in-
flammable, volatile liqUor ; of a penetrating and
fragrant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g.
is 0.732.
It is a difiusible stimulant, narcotic and anti-
spasn^odic, and is externally refrigerant. Doee
gtt. XXX to il^iss. When'ether is inhaled, it is
found to be a valuable aniesthetic agent : and is
employed with advantage in spasmodic afllee-
tions, and in surgical operations.
.£ther Sulphurieus, of the Pharmacopceia of
the United States, (1843,) is formed from aloo-
hoi, Oiv; sulphuric and, Oj ; potassa, ^y} ; dis^
tilled water, f. ^iij, distilling and redistilling
according to the process there laid down.
The PSirisian Codex has an JBther ace*tieu*,
an ^her murie^tieus sen hydrochlor'icus, an
JSther ni'trieus sen rUtro'sus, and an .XtlUt
phosphora'tus . They all possess similar virtues .
^THBR SuLPHURicus AciDus, Elixlr acidiun
Halleri — ». Sulphurieus cum alcohole, Spiritus
aetheris sulphurici — se. Sulphurieus cum alcohole
aromaticns, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus.
^Ethbr Terebinthina'tub, Terebinth'inated
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpei^
tine, with two pounds of concentrated nitrie
add, and distilling one-half the mixture with
.STHEREA HERBA
99
AITU8ION
a gentle beat. Employed ezternfily and inter-
oally in biliaiy calcnliy riieumatism, &c. Dose
20 to 40 drops, in honey or yolk of egg.
JBTHEREA HERBA, Eryngium noariti-
JBTHEItE AL, Btke'real, Bthe'rtousy JEtktf^
mu, (F.> MthMe. An ethereal tincture, (F.)
Tmnture itkiri*^ is one formed by the action of
solphnric ether, at the ordinaxr temperature, on
medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vo-
latile oil. See Olea Volatilia.
JBTHERIZATIO, Etherizatim.
-«THEIUZATUS, Etherised.
-ffiTHEROLEA, Olea volatilia.
.«TfflOFICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A
stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con-
siderable yirtue-x-OribasiuB.
opir'm»4y.^kdojno's%s^m.SthiopSy9ndfaeerej
*to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the
skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial
ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic.
iETHIOPIOSIS, iEthiopificatio.
iETmOPIS, Salvia sclarea.
^TmOPISMUS, ^thiopificatio.
iETHIOPOPOESIS, iEthiopificatio,
iETHIOPS, from ai&wy a burn,' and wp,
' countenance.' A black or burnt countenance.
The ancients gave this name to certain oxides
and salphurets of metals, which were of a black
colour.
iETHIOPS Albus, Albino— «. Alcalisatus,
Hydrargynun cum creta — m* Animal, see Cho-
roid.
^THiops Maati a'lis, Perfi DetUa^ydum nt-
^rmm. The black deutozide of iron: once in
repute as a tonic.
^THiops MnfKRAi.is, ' Hydrargyri sulphure-
turn nigrmn — ee. Narcoticus, Hydrai^jyri sul-
phnretum kugmm — ee. per se, Hydrargyri oxy-
dmn dnereum — ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum
aaccharatum — e. VegetabiUs, see Fucus vesicu-
-fiTHOLICES, from oi^», « I bum.' Fiery
pustules on the skin. Some have considerea
them to have been boUs:
iETHU'SA CYNATITTM, PooPa Parsley,
(Y.) Faux Pergil, Petite CiguH. Family, Um-
bellifersB. Sex. Syet, Pentandria Digynia. A
poisonous plant, which has been mistaken for
true parsley, producing nausea, vomiting, head-
ache, giddiness, sopor, and at times, Atal results.
It resembles conium in its action.
^THtr'sA Mkum , Meum, Men, Spignel^ Bald^
money. (F.) Atkuse Meum, The root has been
advised as carminative, stomachic, &c.
iCTIOL'OGY, JEtiolog"iay EHoVogy, AiHo-
legf'ioy from aina, * cause,' and xoyo;, < a dis-
course.* The doctrine of the causes of disease.
iETI'TES, from atroc, «an eagle,' Eagle^
siene, Pierre tPAigie, Hydrate de tritoxide de
fer. This stone was formerly supposed to fa-
cilitate delivery, if bound on the tiugh; and to
preventabortion, ifboundon thearm. It was
also called Lapis Collymue.
JETOl PHLEBES, Temporal teins.
.STOLION, Cnidia grana.
AFFADISSEMENTy (F.) from fade, *in-
sipid.' That condition of the digestive function
in which the appetite is diminished, the sense
of taste blunted, and the action ^ the stomach
enfeebled; a state usually accompanied by ge-
aerd languor.
AFFAIBLI88EMENT, Asthenia.
AFFAIRES, Menses.
AFFAiaSEMENT, Collapsus.
AFPECTIO, Affection— a. Arthritica Cor-
dis, Cardiagra — a. Hypochpndriaca, Hypochon-
driasis — a. Hysterica, iHysteria — a. Sarmatica,
Plica — a. Tympanitica, T3rmpanites.
AFFECTION, Affeekio, from aJ/Mo or affee-
tare {ad and faeere,) <to move or influence.'
Any mode in which the mind or body is affected
or modified.
AFFECTION TFPHOIDE,tee Typhus—
a. FapomMtf, Hypochondriasis.
AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affections of the
mind.
AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affee^tus
seu Passio'nes sen AffecHo'ties seu Conqiias-
saHo'nes seu Confusio'nes seu Turhatio'nes
seu Perturbatio'nes an'ind, (F.) Affections de
I'Bme, include not only the different passions, as
love, hatred, jealousy, &c., but every condition
of the mind that is accompanied by an agreeable
or disagreeable feeling, as pleasure, fear, sor-
row, &c.
In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is
synonymous with disease: thus we speak of a
pulmonary affection, a calculous affection, &c.
AFFECTIONS DE L'JME. Affections of
the mind.
AFFECTIVE. That which afEkcts, touches,
&c. Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F.)
Faeultis effectives^ to functions dependent upon
the organization of the brain, comprising the
sentiments, affections, &c.
^AFFECTUS, Passion— a. FauciumpestUens,
Cynanche maligna— a. Hyderodes, Hydrops-^
a. Spasmodieo-convnlsiws labiorum. Neuralgia
faciei.
AF'FERENT, Afferens, Centrip^etal, from
afferof {ad vadfero, « to carry,') * I brine.' The
vessels which convey the lymph to the lym-
phatic glands, are called afferent. Also, nerves
that convey impressions towards the nervous
centres — fiervi entobesnon'tee.
AF'FION, Ofjiwm,0'pium, (q. v.) The
Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which
opium is the basis, and which they use as an
excitant.
AFFL ATUS, Adfla'tus, Epipno'a, from ad,
<to,' axidjiare, <to blow.' Any air that strikes
the body and produces disease.
AF'FLtJENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (ad
ttndjluere, *to flow,') *to flow to.' A flow or
determination of humours, and particularly of
blood, towards any part.
AFFLUXUS, Fluxion.
AFFUSIO, Affusion— a. Frigida, see Aflii-
sion — a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chysis, Epiok'-
ysis, from ad, *to,' and fundere, fusum, *to
pour.' The action of pouring a liquid on any
body. Affusions, Rkyptolu'sies, cold and warm,
are used in different diseases. The cold effusion,
Affu'sio seu Perfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have
been beneficial in cutting short typhus fever and
scarlatina, if used during the first days . It con-
sists in placing the patient in a tub, and pouring
cold water over him^ then wiping him dry, and
putting him to bed. The only precaution ne-
cessary, is, to use it in the state of greatest heat
and exacerbation ; not when chilliness, or topical
inflammation is present*
AFIUM
jlOITATION
AFIUM, Opium.
AFTER-BIRTH, Seoondioei .
AFTER-PAINS, see Pains, labour.
AGACEMENTj (F.) from auaU^v, «to sharp-
en.' The setting on edge.
AOACEMENT DBS DENTS. A disa-
greeable sensation experienced when acids are
placed in contact with the teeth, Tootk edge.
Setting the teeth on edge.
AGACEMENT DES NERFS. A slight
irritation of the system, and particularly of the
organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the English Fidgets.
AGALACTATIO, Agalactia.
AGALACTIA, Agtdax'iay Agalae'Ho,
Agalaeia'tioy Defec^tus lacftie^ OHgoge^Ua, Oli-
gogaiae^tia, from « privative, and yalaf *milk.'
Absence of milk in the mamm».
AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
AGALXOCHUMjfrom ayaaafl^ai,< to become
splendid,'Ca/affi5ac, CalambouJkjLig'num Agal'-
loehi vert, Ug'niwm Ai'oie, L. Aspal'athiy Xylc
aloie, Aloes wood. A resinous and very aro-
matic wood of the East Indies, from Excaearia
Agalloeha. Used in making pastils, &c. — ^Dio-
scorides, Oribasius, Paulus.
AGAMOUS, see Cryptogamous.
AG'ARIC, Agar'ieum. A genus of plants in
the Linniean system, some of which are edible,
others poisonous. It was so called from Agaria,
a region of Sarmatia.— Dioscor ides . Among the
edible varieties of the Boletus, the following
are Ae chief. 1. The Agar'icus edu'lis, (F.)
Agaric comestible et champignon de couche. 9.
The Agar*ieus odora'tus, (F.) Mousseron. The
most common poisonous varieties are the Agar*-
ieue neea'tory <F.) Agarie meurtrier: and 3.
The Agarieus aoris^ (F.) Agarie Acre; besides
the Auranite, a sub-genus, which includes se-
veral species. One of the most delicate is the
Agarieus Aurdntiaeus, but care must be taken
not to confound it with the A.- Fseudo-auran-
<MtftM, which is very poisonous. TheA.auran-
tiaeus is called, in French, Oronge. See Poi-
sons, Table of.
Agaric, see Boletus igniarius — a. Blanc,
Boletus laricis — a. de Chhie, Boletus ignia-
rius — a. Female, Boletus igniariu»-^ of the
Oak, Boletus igniarius — a. Odor ant. Boletus
snaveolens-^a. White, Boletus laricis.
AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius.
AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius— a. Albus,
Boletus laricis — a. Aurantiacus, Amanita — a.
Anrantiacus, Bolites— 4i. AuricuLEBfornui, Peziaa
auricula — a. Chinargorum, Boletus igniarius —
a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanita— a. Quercus,
Boletus igniarius.
AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra.
AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Dioema ere-
AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentianachi-
rayiU.
AGATE AMERICA'NA, American Agave,
Maguey, from ayauo^, 'admirable.' Nat. Ord.
BromeijaceaB. Sex. Sya$. Hexandria Mono-
gynia# This plant has been considered diuretic
and antisyphilitic. The fiivourite drink of the
Mexicana— PM/gti«— is the fermented juice df
this plant.
AGE, 'qliiriM, Belikiay JEtas; — Of uncertain
etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed
since birth^ &c. Five ages are often designated
in the life of man. 1 . Firat infancy {^Infan'tia;)
2. Second inftocy {Fueri"tia;) 3. Adoleseenoe
(Adolescen'tia:) 4. The adult age (FmV't<a#.')
5. Old age (Senee'tus.y
AGENEIOS, Imberbis.
AGEN'ESIS, from « privative, and ymMCt
'genention.' Imperfect developomit of any
part of the body; as eerehrai agenesis, i. e. im-
perfect, development of the brain in the fcostna.
AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
AGENNESIS, Impotence.
AGENT, Agensyixomagere, 'toact.* Any
power which produces, or tends to parodaee an
effect on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.)
Agens morhijifues, are the causes of disease ;»-
therapeutical agents, {Y .) AgensthirapniHfms^
the means of treating it, &c.
AGER NATURiE, Uterus.
AGER A'SI Ay Insenescen'tia, from a privatiTe,
and YnQ*^9 * old age.' A vigorous and green oU
age,
AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum.
AGE'RATUS LAPIS. A stone used by
cobblers to polish shoes. It was formerly es-
teemed discutient and astringent. — Galen, Ori-
basius, Pauius.
AGES, Palm.
AGEUSIA, Ageustia. .
AGEUSTIA* Agkeus'Ua, Ageu'sia^ Apo^
geus'tia, Apogeu'sis, Dysessthe'sia gust^to'rta.
Par ageu^sis, from « priv., and ywartg,, 'taste.'
Diminution or loss of taste, Anasthe'sia Ungues
Sauvages, Cullen.
AGGLOM'ERAT£,ii^/<MiMra'ttM, frmn^^
glomerare {ad and glomerare, < to wind up yam
in a ball,') <to collect together.' App&ed to
tumours or glands in aggregation.
AGGLU'TIN ANT, Agglu'tinofis, CoUefums,
Glu'tinoMSyftoiaigiiaen,* glue.' (F.) Aggiuti^
nant, AggliOimuif, Glutinatif. Remedies were
formerly so called, which were considered eft-
pable of uniting divided parts. — Paulus.
Plasters are called aggltuinants, (F.) iifg/ti-
tinatifs, which adhere strongly to the skin.
Certain bandageaare likewise so termed. (F.)
Bandelettes agglutinatives*
TO AGGLU'TINATE. The French use the
word aggluHner, in the se^ of ' to reunite;' as
aggiutiner les livres d'une piaie, ' to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
AGGLVTINATIF, Agglutinant.
AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
AGGLUTINA'TION, Colle'sis,EpieoUe's%s^
ProseolWsis, Glutina'tio, from aggludnarej* to
glue together.' The first degree of adhesion.
Also, the action of agglutinants.
AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate.
AGGREGATE, Aggrega'tus, from aggre-
gare, {ad and gregare,) *to flock together,' * to
assemble together.' Glands are called aggro"
gate which are in clusters. Aggregate pUley
(F.) Pilules agrigatives, signified, formerly,
those which were believed to contain the pro-
perties of a considerable number of mediciaes,
and to be able to supply their place.
AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia.
AGIAHAOiID or AGIHAO^ID, or AGRA-
HATilD. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub,
similar to the Ximenia.. The Ethiopians use it
as a vermifuge. The fruit is purgative.
AGIHALID, AgiahaUd.
AGISSANT, Active.
AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done' sis; from
agere, < to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion
AOfTATOBIUS
U
A0TBIA8
of the body, ZVrd«, 3Vr^M»i**9«»^«y-H>rdi»-
trewing mental inquietude, — An'imi Agita'tio.
A6ITAT0RIUS, Convulaive.
AGLOS^Ay from o, privative, and yxWrct,
<the tongue*' A malformation which consists
in the want of a tongue.
A6LOSS0ST0MA, from Aghsna^ (q. v.)
and rto^Mf < month.' A mouth without a tongue.
AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossosto-
mografpkiaj from a, priv., yXwaca^ < the ton^,'
rT«/ua, 'the mouth,' and r<e<^«b 'I describe.'
Description of a mouth without a tongue. — ^Ro-
land (of Saomur.)
AGLUTITION, AgluH'tio, from « priv., and
ghuir€^ <to swallow.' A hybrid tera^ desig-
nating irapoesibility of swallowing. — ^Limmus.
AQMA, Fracture.
AGMATOLOG'IA, from «yM«> 'fractiu»,*
and lof^ < a description.' The doctrine of frac-
tures. A treatise <m fractures*
AGME, Fracture.
AGMINA DI6IT0RITM MANU9, Phalan-
ges of the fingers— a. Membrana, Amnios.
A6MINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
A6NATHIA,from«,priv., andrrad«;,^jaw.'
A malformation which consists in the want of
the jaw, especially of the lower.
AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
AGNOIA, fromfli,priv.,andyiroa'x»,<I know.'
State of a patient wnp does not recognise indi-
vidoals. — Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius.
AGNUS CASTUS, Vitei.
AGOtxfi, aytayfi. The order or condition of
a disease^ — Hippoc., Galen. Likewise the state
of the air. — ^Hippoc., Galen, Gorraeus, Foesius.
AG06UE, aywysy 'a leader,' from ay v, <I
lead or expel.' Hence Cholagogv&y an ezpeller
of bile: Hffdragoguey &c.
AGOMPHI'ASIS, Asrompho'tisy from c, pri-
vative, and y9ft^ouy *l nail.' Looseness of the
teeth. — Gorraeus. See Gomj^iiasis.
AGOMPHOSIS^ Agomiihiasis.
AGON, Agony.
AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
AGONIA, Sterilitas.
AGONISMA, Agony.
AGONISMUS, Agony.
AGONIS^ICA, from «r»r9 'a combat.' The
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
to the combats of the Atfaletae.
Also, very cold water, given internally, to
cafan febrile heat. — Paulns of .£gina.
AGONIZANS, Psychorages.
AGONOS, SterUe*
AG'ONY, Agon'iay Agon, Agonis'ma, Ago^
nWmusy MochtkusyMogus^Psfehorag^^iayPay-
rkorrhag^'ta, An'gor, from Ayan*, 'a combat.'
The last struggle of life. — Galen, (rorraBus, &c.
The agony, wfaach is of longer or shorter dura-
tion, is characterized by great change in the
features, gradual abolition of sensation and mo-
tion, loss of voice, dryness or lividity of the
tongue and lips, rattling in the throat, small
and intermittent pulse, and coldness of the ex-
tremities. This state is not present in those
who die suddenly. See Facies Hii^pocratica.
AGO&'TUS, from «ya, «I lead.' The fore
arm from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the
palm of the hand. — Gorrseus. See Palm.
AGRA, «y^«, from Ay^f «» * I seize hold of.'
A seizure, as OdofUagra, a tooth seizure, tooth-
ache; Chimgray Padttgra^ &c.
AGRAFE DE VALENTIN. A kind of
forceps witK parallel bran^Ms^ empbyed by
Valentin in the operation for hsjre lip, to effect
the approximation of the edges of the woondk
AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
AaRAGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre-
0kte.
AGRIA, Herpes exedens.
AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
AGRIGOCCIMELEA, Prunus spinoea.
AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
AG'RIMONY, Eupato'rwm, Cafal, Laf-
]fula hepafiea (F .) Aigremoins. TheAgrimo''
niaEupato'rium. CockU^iwySHeiwort. Nat.
Ord. Rosaces. Sex. Sy$t. Icosandria Digynia.
A mild astringent and stomachic. J^ose, in
powder, fromQ j to zj.
Agrimomt fisMP, Eupatorium cannabinum.
AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastSK
num, Lycoperdon tuber.
AGR10CINARA» Sempervivum tectbmm.
AGRIORIGANUM, Onganum majorana.
AGRIOSELINUM, Smymium olusatrum.
AGRIOTHYMIA, from ttyeiof , <ferociouB,'
and ^vfAOfy < disposition.' Ferocious insanity.
— Sauvages.
AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonums cardiaca.
AGEIPAUMB^ Leonums cardiaca.
AGRIP'PA, JBgrip'pay from legtr p€utu$y
< difficult birth:' or perhaps from, «ypa, < taking
or seizure,' and nwfy * the foot.' This term has
been given to ^ose bom by the feet. It is pre-
tended that the fiuniljr of Agrippa obtained their
name from this circumstance. Parturiti<m
where the feet present is called Agrippm par^
tus, Agrtppinus partus.
AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa.
AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus medica.
AGROSTIS, Bryonia idba.
AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa.
AGRYPNIA, Insomnia.
AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigQ.
AGRYPNODES, from «y^;Tvo«, <sleepleas.'
Characterized by sleeplessness, as Pebns Agry^
pnodes, a fever accompanied with sleepless-
AGRYPWJS, oY^vnvot, 'sleepless,' «vigi.
lant.' Hence Agrypnodes (Feiris,) fever at-
tended with watching.
AQUA DE VERUGAy see Verogas.
AGUARDIENTEy'^i93aAy. 8ee also Spirit.
•^-0. d$ Italia, see Spirit.
A'GUE, from Gothic agtsy 'trembling.' [?]
Intermittent fever.
AouB AND Fever, Intermittent fever.
AouE Caee, Plaeen'ta fehri'lis, Physeo^nia
sple'mctim, P. splenieay Splenis Tumor; (F.)
Gdteau fibrilt. A visceral obstruction — gene-
rally in the spleen — which follows agues, and
is distinctly felt by external examination. To
a greater or less degree, it is not uncommon.
AoT7B, Dead, see Fever, masked — a. Dumb,
see Fever, masked — a. Free, Laums sassafras
—a. Leaping, see Leaping ague— a. Quartan,
Quartan-^a. Tertian, Tertian fever— a. Weed,
Eupatorium perfoliatum.
AGIJL, Alka'giy the Hedi$a'rum alhagi. A
thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia, which
affords manna. The leaves are purgative.
AGY10N, from a, priv., and yvioy, ' limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak,
feeble. — Gralen.
AGYRl AS, from ayviitfy ' a collection.' Opa-
city of the crystalline. — Aetius, Par6,
ilGTRTA
AKOLOGT
AQTRTA, from «rv(ic, 'a crowd/ For-
merly, a stroller who pretended to sopematural
powers. Sabseqaentlj, a quack or illiterate
pretender. See Charlatan.
AGTRTIAy Charlatanry.
AHO'RA, from a priyative, and 'wqu, * youth.'
Tardy development of the organs »-4he oppo-
site to Hyperko^ra.
AHOUAI, TheTetia ahonai.
AHUSAL, Orpiment.
AHYPNIA, Insomnia.
AIDB,(V.)Ad'jutormin'%»ter. An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
AIDOROMANIA, Nymphomania.
AIERSA, Iris Germanica.
AIGE^ JE^M.
AI6LE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near
the city of this name, in Normandy, is the
chalybeate spring of. Saint Xantin, mnch used
in the 16th and 17th centories.
AIGLE, JEgna.
AIGREy Acidukms.
AIORELET, Acidaloas.
AIQREMOJNE, Agrimony.
AIOREURS, Acidities.
AIGU, Acute.
AIGUILLBf Needle— 0. d Aeupunehtre, see
Needle — a. 6 Appareil^ see Needle — a. h Bee de
Lihvre, see Needle — o. d Cataraete, see Needle
^-a. de DesehampSf see Needle — a, Engainde,
see Needle-^a. d FistvUj see Needle-~a. i
Gaine, see Needle — a. it Ligature^ see Needle
«. ^ Manehe, see Needle-^-a. d SeioUy see Needle
— a. ii Suture^ see Needle.
AIGUILLON, (F.) Spina Helmon'Hi. A
term used since the time of Van Helmont to
designate the proodmate cause of inflammation.
According to him, an inflamed part is in the
same condition as if an adgtiillon or thorn were
thrust into it.
AIGUISER, to Acidulate.
AIL, Allium.
AILE, Ala, Aileron.
AILERONy (F.) Extrrma ala eeu Pin'nvla,
diminutive of (F.) Aile^ a wing. The extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the great fea-
thers are attached.
AILERONS DE LA MATRICE. Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the
uterus, which are occupied by the ovary and its
ligament, the Fallopian tube, and the round li-
gament.
AIMA, ^atfioy See Hsma.
AIMANTy Magnet.
AIMATERA, Henatirrhflra.
AIMORRHOCA, Haemorrhagia.
AIMORRHOIS, Hsmorrheis.
AINE, Inguen.
- AIPATHIA, Continent disease.
AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot.
AIPIPOCA, Jatropha mamhot.
AIR, Aer, Pneutna, from aw, <I breathe.'
Common adr, Atmoepherie air, (F.) Air atmo-
spkiriqne, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous,
insipid, ponderable, compressible and elastic
fluid, which, under the form of the atmosphere,
surrounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16
leagues.
Air is essentially composed of two gases,
oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of
the former to rH) of the latter. Oxygen is the
vital portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to
dilute it. Air also contains a small portiim of
carbonic acid gas, and it has always floating in
it aqueous vapour, diflbrent terrestrial emana-
tions, he. Its effects upon the human body
vary according to its greater or leas denatty,
temperature, moisture, &c.; hence, change of
air IS found extremely serviceable in the pre-
vention and cure of certain morbid conditioiia.
See Climate.
AIR ACIDE VITRIOLIQUEy SnlphiDons
acid — 0. Aleatimy Ammonia — a. Atm»9pkMquey
Air.
Aia Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cell*;
see Cellule — a. Dephlogisticated, Oxygen — a.
Empyreal, Oxygen— a. dn Peu, Oxygen — a.
Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. Fixed, Ckrbonie
acid — a, GatS, Azote— a. Inflammable, Hydro-
gen, Hydrogen earburetted.
AiK Passagws, (F.) Voi4e ahimmst mhif^rt**
The larynx, trachea, bronchia, &e.
Aia, Pure, Oxygen^-a. Solid, of Hale, Car-
bonic acid-^a. Vteii, Asote — a. Vital, Oxj^u.
AIRAINy Bell-metal, Brass.
AIRE, Areola.
AIRELLEANGULEUSEyy^ccimmtt myr-
tillus— ^. Ponetitkey Vaccinium vitis idssa.
AIRIGNE, Hook.
AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Airthroy is situate about two miles north of
Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca-
thartics ; containing chloride of sodium, chlcMide
of calcium, sulphate of sine, and chloride of
magnesium.
AISSELLEy Axilla.
AISTHESIS, iEsthesis.
AITHOMO'MA, from *i^c, <bl8ck.» A
black condition of all the humours of the eye.
A. Par<.
AITIA, Cause.
AITIOLOGY, iEtiologia.
AITION, Cause.
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen.
A thermal, sulphureous, mineral water, which
contains, in 1000 grammes, 38.54 cubic inches
of suli^ohydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of
carbonic acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate
of linoe, 0.0440 grammes of carbonate of mag-
nesia, 0.5444 grammes of carbonate of sodia,
2.3697 grammes of chloride of sodium, 0.2637
of sulphate of soda, and 0.0705 of silica. The
temperature is 134^ Fahrenheit.
The faetitioHs weUer of Aix-la-Chapsllf,
A' qua AqtUsgrarun'sisy (F.) Eau d^Aix^a-
Chapeiiey is made by adding pure water f.
2xvijss, to hydro^ulphuretted water f. .j^iv, car-
bonate of soda gr. xx, ehloride of sodium gr.
ix.— Ph. P.
There aro thermal sulphureous springs at
Aix in Savoy, (98°) and some thermal springs
at Aix in Provence (91®.)
AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum.
AJU'GA, A. pyramida'lisy ConsoVida m^-
diay Bu'guiay XTprigkt Bnglossy Middle Con-
sound, (F.) Bugle pyramidale. This plant
is subastringent and bitter.
Ajuoa Chamjbpitts, Tencrium cfaamspitys.
Aju'qa Reptans, Bu'giday Common BngU.
(F.) Bu^e rampante, has similar properties.
AKAT ALIS, Juniperus communis.
AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
AKINESIA, Acinesia.
AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
ALA
ALBUMEN
ALA»P»«MhPie«fyap, 'awing.' (F.yAiie.
A lerm often used by anatomiite for partB
widch project like a wing from the meduun
line; as the Ma nasi, Ala of tks vterus, he.
See Axilla and Pftvilion of the Ear. Alio,
Pterygium.
ALa EzYksma, see AiUrcn.
ALABASH^ERy JJabas'trum. i¥.)AU6tr6y
Almhagtri'Us, A variety of compact g3npsmn ;
of which an ointment was once made ; — ^the «mi-
guemftum aldbastri*num; used as a discntient.
Alabaster likewise entered into several denti-
frices.
ALABASTRIT£S» Alabaster.
ALiE INTERNJS MINORES CLITORI-
DIS, Nymp hap a . Majores, Labia padendi— a.
MinoreSyNymi^bBD— a.Miiliebre8 minores^Nym-
phaB--«. Nasi, see Nasos— a. Pudendi mnliebris,
Labia pudendi — a. Pnlmonum, see Pulmo—a.
of the UieniSy -see Ala-^a. Vespertilionis, see
Utems.
ALAJTERy from (F.) laity <milk.' To
suckle.
ALALIA^ Mntitas.
ALAMBICy Alembic.
ALANFUTA. A name giren by the Arap
bians to a vein, situate between the chin and
lower lipy which they were in the habit of
opening in cases of fcetor of the breath. — Avi-
ALAQUE CA. The Hindnsthanee name of
a stone, found in small, polished fragments,
which is considered efficacious in arresting he-
morrhage when applied externally. 1 1 ii a sul-
phnret of iron.
ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
Ai^A'aas Ykr JK. The superficial veins at the
fold of the arm.
ALAiaA OSSA. The wing-like processes
KiS the sphenoid bone.
ALARIS, Aia'tusy Aliformfis; from 0/0, <a
wing»' Wing-shaped, Winged.
ALATERNUS, CO:(fMON, Rhamnus ala-
temns.
ALATITS. Pttrygo'detySomoala'tuM. One
whose scapnls project backwards like wings.
ALBADARAN, Aldabaran, The sesamoid
bone of the metatarso-phalangal loint of the
i^reat toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attri-
buted extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians.
ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi.
AL6AN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A French acidulous chalybeate, in the
department of the Loire.
ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoide»— a.
Nigra, Lepra nigricans.
ALBARiCS, Lepra alphoides.
ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides.
ALBJTRE, Alabaster.
AJ.BEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail.
ALBIN D*(EJTPy Albumen ovi.
ALBINISM, see Albino.
ALBINISMUS, see Albino.
ALBI^NO. 'White.' Ltue^g'thiopSy JBthiops
alhfusy Dondoy from alhit, 'white.' (F.) Bla-
ford, Negr€-biane. A Spanish word applied to
indiridoals of the human race who have the
tkin and hair white; the iris very pale, border-
ing on red; and the eyes so sensible, that they
cannot bear the light of day. This condition,
which has been called Leuetetkio'pia, Alpko'ns
JSikiop^icay AlHnots'muSf Aibinit'mi^Sf Ai'hin-
MM, LaueopatMay is seen more frequently in
the Negroi Both sexes are exposed to it ; but
it does not seem to be true, that there are tribes
of Albinos in the interior of Africa.
ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi.
AL'BORA. a kind of itch or complicated
leprosy. — ^Paracelsus.
ALBOT, Crucible.
ALBOTIM, Terebinthina.
ALBUGIN'EA, Tu'nica albugin^eay A. Tei-
tisyP$nUt^HsyTu'rUea vagina'lis UHis propria^
M^mhra'na eapnUa^ri* testis, (F.) AJbuginiSy
Tuniftts ulhfugifUs. A strong, fibrous, and re-
sisting membrane, which immediately enve-
lop! the testicle, and has, at its upper part,
an enlargement, called corpus Highmorianum.
From its inner surface it sends off a number of
flat, filiform prolongations or septa, between
which are contained the seminiferous vessels.
Externally, it is covered by the tunica vagina-
lis testis.
ALBTTGINJtEy Albuginea, Albugineoos.
ALBUGIN'£OUS,^6flf^»'0tt#, 'white,' from
alhusy (F.) Alhuginis, A term applied to tex-
tures, humours, &c., which are perfectly white.
AuBVQin'soTTS FiBKK, (F.) Fihrs albuginds,
A name given by Chanssier to what he consi-
ders one of the four elementary fibres.
The albugineoos fibre is linear, cylindrical,
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a
shining, satiny appearance. It always forms
&sci» or fasciculi, which constitute the tendons,
articular ligaments, and aponeuroses: hence the
name Albuginsous msmbranssy given by Chaua-
sier to the fibrous membranes.
Gauthier considers that the rete mucosun
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives
the names, — msmbra^na albugin'sa profun'day
and msmbra^na alhugin'sa supsrfieia'lisy respec-
tively.
ALBUGINPTIS, (F.) Ali/Ugtnite. A tenn
employed by some authcvs for inflammation of
the albngineous tissue. , Thus, gout and rheu-
matism are regarded as species of the genus al-
buginitis.
ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leuconur— a. Ovi,
Albumen ovi.
ALBULA, Lencoma.
ALBUM CANIS, Album grteenm— «. Ceti,
Cetaceum.
Albuh Gkjbcuh, Cfnoe'oprus^ Spo'dinm
Grsteo'rumy Album Canisy Stereus Cani^num
Album. The white dung of the dog. It con-
sists almost wholly of phosphate of limsy from
the bones used as food. It was formerly ap-
plied as a discntient to the inside of the throat
m quinseys, but is now justly banished from
practice.
Album NioaxrH. The excrement of the moose.
Album Oculi, see Sclerotic.
Album Rhasis. A white ointment made of
cemsse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian
physician Rhases.
ALBV'MEN J^euoo'matOoni*ni,Og0munfaom
albusy 'white.' (F.) Albumins. An immediate
principle of animals and vegetables, which con-
stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It
is found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous
fluids, &c. There is not much difiierence in
chemical composition between animal and ve-
getable albumen, fibrin and casein: fibrin alone
appears, however, to be possessed of plastic
JUsBUMVa
34
ALCN>aOI.
Moperties.
Sclerotic.
Alooy the white of the eye. See
Albu'm 111 Ovi, Albu'moTy Allm'go Otfi, Aibor
Ovi, Can'didum Ovi^ Aibu'iMny Clare^tOy Ovi
alius liquoTy Aliuminftum, Lac avis or VfkUe
of*gg> (^0 BiaTied'auf, (Old F.) Aliin d'muf,
IB used in phanoacj for soipendiDg oole, &c.y in
water. See Ovum.
ALBUMINEy Albumen.
ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybnd term from
'Aliuwten,* and ou^or, <the urine.' The condi-
tion of the urine in which it contains albamen,
the preaence of which is indicated by its coagn-
laticm on the application of adequate heat.
AJ4BXTMINUROKRHAE, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi.
AL'CAEST, Al'cahsst, Al'ehasst^ perfa^s
from (6.) all, <all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A
word invented by Paracelsus to designate a li-
quor, which, according to him, was capable of
removing every kind of swelling.
The same word was used by Van Helmont
for a fancied universal solvent, capable of re-
ducing every body to its elements.
Alcaest of Glaubkr is a thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot
coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of
potassa.
Alcabst of Rb8pou& is a mixture of potassa
and oxyd of zinc.
ALCAHEST, Alcaest.
ALCAHOL, Alcohol.
ALCALES'GENCE, AliaUs'eenes, AleaUs-
een'Ua. The condition in which a fluid becomes
alkaline.
Alcaxsscbnce of the Humoubs was an old
notion of the humourists. It can only occur
during the putrid fermentation of animal mat-
ters, which contain azote, and produce ammo-
nia. Alcalin'itt is the quality of being alca-
line.
AL'CALI or Alea'li^ Al'kaliy from ai {Arah^)
'the,' and kali^ the name of the Salso'la Soda,
a plant which contains a large quantity of one
of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis are
substances soluble in water, possessing gene-
rally a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning
the syrup of violets grfeen, and restoring to blue
the infusion of litmus, which has been reddened
by acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and
having the greatest tendency to unite with acids,
whose character the^ modify, and form salts
with them. In medicine we understand by this
term Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia (q. v.)
Aix;alt, Caustic, Al'kali Caus*tieum, A
pure alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid.
Alcalis, Fixbd, soda and potassa; Vola-
tile Alcali, ammonia.
Alcalx Ammonxacvm Acetatuh, Liquor am-
monis acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidum. Li-
quor ammonis — a. Fixum tartarizatum, Potas-
ss tartras — a. Minerale sulphuricum. Soda, sul-
phate of— a. Tartari aceto saturatnm, PotasssB
acetas — a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum,
PotassaB murias hyperoxygenatus— a. Vegeta-
bile tartarizatum, Potassae tartras— a. Vegetabile
vitriolatum, Potassas sulphas— a. Volatile ace-
tatum. Liquor ammonis acetatis — a. Volatile
aeratum, AmmonisB carbonas — a. Volatile ez
sale ammoniaco, Ammonia carbcmas.
ALGALIGENE, Azote.
ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence.
ALCANA, Ancfansa ofBetnaUs.
ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DEN-
TATA, Prinee— «. Orientalis, Lawsonia Iner-
mis — a. Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera»
Lawsonia inermis.
ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus— a. .£gyp-
tiaca. Hibiscus abelmoaehus»-a. Indica, Hibu-
ctts abelmoschus.
Alob'a Ro'sba, Common koUyhoci, Emol-
lient, like Althsa.
ALCHACHEN6E, Pfaysalis.
ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus.
ALCHAEST, Alcahest.
ALCHEMILTiA, said to have been cele-
brated with the Alchemists [?] A, vutga'ris^
Common Ladies^ MantU, Fes Lso'nisy Leonto^
po'dium (F.) Pisd de Lion, Formerly in great
repute as an astringent ia hemorrhage.
ALCHEMY, Alchymy.
ALCHITRAM, see Finns Sylvestris.
ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ALCHOOL, Alcohol.
AVCISYMY, Al'eh0mf,Aleh«mi'a,Alckimi'a,
Adep'ta Philosoph*ia, from oL, an Arabic par-
ticle, signifying ' superiority, excellence,' and
Chimiay * Chymistry .' This word was formerly
synonymous with Cfhymistry; but, from the 7u
century, it has been applied to the mysterious
art of endeavouring to discover a universal re-
medy, and a mode of transmuting the baser me-
tals into gold: an operation to which they gave
the name Opus magnum, and Philosopher's
stone,
Alch3rmy has also been called Seien'tia vel
PkUosoph'ia Hermet'iea, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor.
Harris has well defined this chimerical art :
*Ars sine arte, eujus prineipinm est mentiriy me-
dium lahorare, et finis mendieare?
Al'chymist, Flatua^rius, Adept*, One pre-
tending to alchymy.
ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus.
AL'COHOL, Al'eahol, Alehool, AUol,Aleol,
Al'eooly Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly
used for an impalpable powder, and Bignif3m!ig
' very subtile, much divided.' At thie present
day it is applied to highly rectified spirit of
wine: — see Spiritus reetifieatus or rectified
spirit, distilled from dried subcarbonate of po-
tassa. In the Ph. U. S. Alcohol is rectified spi-
rit of the specific gravity 0.835.
Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors;
is miscible with water in all proportions, and
is the direct solvent of resins, balsams, &c. Va-
rious other vegetable principles are soluble in
it, and hence it is used, in different states of
concentration, in the preparation oi elixirs, tinc-
tures, essences, &c.
Alcohol acts on the animal body as a power-
ful stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used
in the prevention and cure of disease. Its ha-
bitual and inordinate use is the cause of many
serious affections, of a chronic character espe-
cially, as visceral obstructions, dropsy, &c.
Alcohol ^thbbbitb Fbbbatds, A. sulfiuico-
aBthereuB ferri— a. cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinc-
tura aloes — a. Ammoniac et guaiaci. Tincture
gnaiaci ammoniata — a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus
ammoniaB — a* Ammoniatum aromaticum, Spi-
ritus ammonioB aromaticus— a. Ammoniatum
ALGOL
35
AUaSDON
fceUdimi, Spiritw •mmonim f<Btidci»--B. enm
Aromalibija Bulphuricatns, Sulphuricum teidura
mnMnaticum — a. cum Aromatibu* compoaitufl,
Tinctun ciimamomi compotit»— a. Caatoria-
tum, Tmctura castorei — a. cum Crotone caaca^
rilla, Tinctuia cascarillaB — a. Dilutum, Spiritus
temior — a. Feiratos, Tinctuia ferri muriatic—
a. com Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, aee Fesrum
tartarixatnin — a. cum Cruaiaco officinale ammo-
niatnsy Tinctura guaiaci ammooiata — a. lodii,
Tinctura lodinas— a. cum Opio, Tiuctora opii
—a. Sulphuricatuoo, Elixir aekiom HaUeri — a.
Sulphuricum, Elixir acidum Hallefi — a. Sul-
phmis, Carboois sulphnretum— a. Vini, Spiritua
rectificatua.
ALGOL, Alcohol.
ALGOLS, AphthflB.
ALC0OL,Alcohol—^C<if»pAr^ Spiritus cam-
phone*
ALCOOLATy Tincture.
ALCOOLATUM, TinctUTe— a.- Antiscorbu-
ticum, Tinctura de cochleaiiie — a. Carminati-
▼um Sylvii, Tinctuia de Cochleariis — ^a. de
Cioco compoeitum,Tinctuiade croco composita.
ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, « to reduce
into an impalpable powder.' No Icmger used.
ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
ALCORNOQUE (F.) Cortex Mcomoeo, A
bark, but little known and distributed in France,
which has been considered capable of curing
phthisia. It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astrin-
geat. Dose of the powder gi to zss.
ALC: YON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin
Chma, whose nests are gelatinous and veiy nu-
tritious. They have been proposed in meoiciae
as analeptic and aphrodisiac.
ALC YO'NIUM, B^uifd sponge. The ashes
were formerly employed as dentifrices: they
were believed proper ibr fiivouring the growm
of the hair and the beard, and were used in
Alopecia.
ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratnla--^.
Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. Euro-
pean, Alnus glutinosa.
ALE, Cerevisia.
ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza.
ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita.
ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Aleeto'ria; from
aXittrtnQy * a cock.' The name of a stone, sup-
posed to exist in the stomach of the cock, or,
according to others, in that of the capon, four
yean oM. Many marvellous propertiies were
fonnerly attributed to it, which ar« as ground-
less as Its existence. There are no stones in the
stomach, except what have been svrallowed.
ALEGAR, Acetum.
ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea.
ALEIMMA, Liniment.
ALEIPHA, Liniment.
ALEIPTEHICTM, from aXtt^w, < I anoint.'
The place in the ancient gymnasium where the
eombatants anointed themselves.
ALEIPTRON. Same etymon. A box for
eontuning ointments. ,
ALEMA, Farina.
ALEM'BIC (Arab.) Moorshead, Capitel'lum,
Capit'ulum, Am'bicus, (F.) Alambie, A ttten-
sil made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, and
adapted for distillation. It consists of a body
or euenrhit,, to which is attached a head or «a-
ptW, and out of this a hetik descends laterally
to be inserted into the receiver.
ALE]y('BR0TH(;Sfa/f.)5a/ii/em^tA. The
alchymists designated by this name, and by those
of SeU sapien'tiigf Sal urtisy Sal vittt and £f.
SeUn'tim^ the product resulting from the subli-
mation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not em-
ployed.
ALMSE, (F.) Alkze, Lin'teumy from oulf^v,
' I preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged in
several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to
guard it from the lochial or other discharges.
ALETON, Farina.
ALETRIS, A. iarinosa.
Al'etws, a, Farino*sa, Stttrgrasa, Starworty
Blazing star, Aloe^oot, Bitter grass yBlaeJk rooty
Unicom rooty Ague rooty Ague grassyDeviPs Hty
Mealy stanoorty (F.) AUtris MeurUsr, Nat.
Ord, As^odelea). Sex, Syst. Hexandria Mono-
gynia. This plant is an intense and permanent
bitter, and is used as a tonic and stomachic. It
is comn^on in the United States.
ALEURON, Farina.
ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration.
ALEXANDERS, Smymium olusatrum.
ALEXANDRIANTIDOTUSAUREA. See
Alexandrine.
ALEXA^'BBJiil^yEfnplas'trufnAlexan'dri.
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, con-
temporary of Mesue. Other ancient prepara-
tions were called < Alexandrine;' as the Alex^
an'dri antid'otus au'recky used in apoplexy; the
Collyr'ium sieewn Alexandri'num, or ' Uollyr-
turn of King Alexander,^ mentioned by Aetius.
^LEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic.
ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexiphar'macusyAfUi-
phar'mactis, Alexica'eusy Caecalexite'ria, Lexi*
phar'maciis, (F.) Alexipkarmaque, from alc^iiv,
« to repel,' and ya^^oxor, * poison.' A term for-
merly used for medicines which were consi-
dered proper for expelling from the body vari-
ous morbific principles, or for preventing the
bad effects of poisons taken inwardly.
ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
ALEXIR, Elixir.
ALEXITE'RIA, Caealexite'ria, from oxt(-
aa^ai, ' to assist.' Originally, alexiterium was
used synonymously with remedy. In more
modern times it has been applied to a class of
medicines, that counteract poisons placed in
contact with the exterior of the body, in coib-
tradistittction to alexipharmic.
ALEXITERIUM CHLORICUM, see Disin-
fection — a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
ALkZEy Al>»e,
ALFUSAi Tutia.
ALGALIE, Catheter.
AL'GAROTH, AVgaroty Algaro'thi Pulvisy
Pulvis AngtVicus, Ox'idum sen submu^rias
Stiya praeipitan'do para'tum^ Antimo'nii Oxf^
ydumy Ox'idum cmtimo'nii Nitro-muriat'ieumy
Ox'idum Stih'ii A&'ido Muriat'ieo oxygena'to
paraftumy Mereu^rins Vitcsy Mercu*rins Mortisy
Flowers of Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d'Anti'
moine, so. called from Victor Algarothi, a Ve-
ronese physician. The suh-muriate of protox-
ide of antimony y separated from the muriate of
antimony by washing away some of its acid.
It was rormerly much used as an emetic, pur-
gative, and diaphoretic.
ALGEDON, from oxy»c, *pain.' Violent
pain about the neck of the bladder, occasionally
occurring in gonorrhoea. — Cockbum.
Algedoii, Pain.
ALOKIIA
ALKERMB8
ALGEMA, Pain.
ALGESIS, Pun.
ALGETICUS, see AlgO0.
AL'GIDUS,from0/^r,<eold.' Thatwtuch
is accompanied by coldneia.
Al'oxda Febris, F. korrifieaf JP. hor^rida,
F, quer^quera, F. erymo^deSf Bry'eetui, Brf^eks'
ttu, (F.) Fihfrt algide. Algid F»v»r, A per-
niciooa intennittent, accompanied by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
ALGOR, Rigor.
ALGOS, alyo^y <paitt.' See Pain. Henee»
Alg§ficus, 'painful/ as Epilep'sia algtfica.
Tbtt suffix algia has the same signification as
in Cephalalgia^ Pleuralgia^ Neuralgia^ &c.
ALGOSPAS'MUS, from ai)r*c> <pain,' and
anatr/utot, < spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of
the muscles.
ALHAGI, Agul.
ALHANDAL, see Cucnmis colocynthis.
ALHASEF, Sudamina.
ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
ALICA, Hal'iea^ Farina'riumy Ckondrusy
from ai&ref ' to nourish. A grain from which
the ancients made their tisanes'; supposed^ by
some, to have been the Tritieum spdta. At
times, it seoms to have meant the tisane itself.
ALICES, from aiiC«>, <I sprinkle.' SpoU
which precede the eruption of small pox.
ALIENATIO, Anomalia— a. Mentis, Insa-
nity.
ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
ALIENUS, Delirious.
ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid mus-
cles.
ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
ALI6ULUS, Confection.
ALIMA, Aliment.
ALIMELL^, Parotid.
ALIMENT, Alimm'twm,Al'ima, ffarma'lia,
Nutri'meny Nu'triensy SvsieTUae^uium, Ciha''
rifMM, Broma^ Comis'ti, Cibus, Esea, Nutri'tus,
Nutrimen'tum, Sitot, Trophi, (F.) Aliment^
Nourriturey from aler$, <to nourish.' FMd,
Any substance which, if introduced into the
system, is capable of nourishing it and repair-
ing its losses.
The study of aliments forms one of the most
important branches of hygiene. They are con-
fined to the organized kingdom, — ^the mineral
affording none.
As regards the immediate principles which
pedominate in their composition, they have
been classed, but imperfectly, as follows : —
TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
ft, MudUigiM0U».
3. SocdkcHiM.
5. Oi$afinm$ mtd
Ally.
7.
9. F^hufus,
J Wheat, bsrley, oau, rye, ries, In-
dian corn, poUto, Mgo, pi u,
beans, &e.
I Carrot, aaMiy, beet, turnip, aipa-
rsfftif. cabbaff*, lettaoe, arii-
cboka, melon, kc
Boaar, flf , date, raliin, aprieot,
! Orange, currant; vooi^berry,
cherry, peach, ftrawberry, rasp-
berry, mulberry, prune, pear,
apple, aorrel, kc
i Cocoa, olive, aweet almond, nnt,
walnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
Jbc.
DIfiprent kin<<s of milk, rheeee.
{Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin,
eellu'ar texture; very young
animals.
Brain, nerve, efrs*. kc.
(lesb and blood.
Dr. Prout has four great cl a s iet t he aque^m^,
saeeharin$y oUaginotu^ and albumineus : — ^I>r.
Pereira twelve; — ^the aqueous , mueilaginams
or gummpf gaeekarine^ amj^laeeoue, ligneoma^
peeiinaeeoue, adduloue, aleokolie^ oily or/aity,
proteinaeeoue, gelatinous, and' ealine,
Liebig divides them into two cli
MITROOXMIZZD Or PLASTIC BI.XMS1IT8 OF Mimai-
TioM, in which he comprises vegetable Jibrit^
vegetable albumeny vegetMe eaoein, Jlesh and
blood I and the NOM-zftTRoosiftzin or njEMxRTS
of KiSFiEATioif, in which he comprises, fta,
etareky gum, earn eugor, grape sugar , sugar
of milky pectin, hassorin, wine, beer and spirits m
The former alone, in his view are inservient to
the nutrition of organized tissue: the latter are
burnt in respiration, and furnish heat.
ALIMENTARY TUBE, Canal, aUmentary.
ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio. The act
of nourishing.
ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza.
ALINDE'SIS; from niiv/o^i, < to be tuned
about.' A species of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, aftsr having be^m anmnted
with oil.'^Hippocrates.
ALIP^'NOS, Alipts'numy Alipan'tos, from a,
priv. and ImAvt iv, < to be fiit.' An epithet for-
merly given to every external remedy, devoid
of fat or moisture; such as powders.-4iale&.
ALIPANTOS, Alipenos.
ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from a^tif oi, < I anoints'
He who anointed the Athleta after bathing.
The place -^ere this was done was call^
Alipte'riwn,
ALIPTERIUM, see Aliptrn.
ALIFTIC A, same etymon. The part of an-
cient medicine, which treated of inunction, as
a means of preserving health.
ALISIER BLANC, Crat»gus aria.
ALISMA, Arnica montana.
Alis'ma Plaiita'oo, Water Plantainy (F.)
Plantain d*Eau, Nat, Ord, Alismaceas. Sex,
Syst, Hejcandria Polygynia. The fresh root
is acrid, and the driM leaves will vesicate.
The leaves have been proposed as substitutes
for Uva Ursi.
ALITURA, Nutrition.
AL'KAL£, O'leum aalli'nm. An ancient
pharmaceutical name for pullets' fat.
ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence.
ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacuro caus-
ticum. Ammonia — a* Ammoniacum spirituo-
sum, Spiritus ammoniac— «. Minerale nitratum.
Soda, nitrate of— a. Minerale phosphoratum.
Soda, phosphate of— a. Minerale salinum, Soda,
muriate of— a. Vegetable, Potash— a. Vegetabile
cum aceto, Potassss acetas— a Vegetabile fixum
causticum, Potassa fusan-«. Volatile, Ammonia
— a Volatile causticum, Anunonia — a. Volatile,
concrete, Ammoniss carbonas— a. Volatile nitra-
tum, AmmoniflB nitras— a. Volatile tartarizatum.
Ammonias tartras — a. Volatile vitriolatum, Am-
monias sulphas.
ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum of-
ficinale— a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctona — a. Gar-
den, Anchusa officinalis — a. Officimd, Anchusa
officinalis.
ALKAR, Medicament.
ALKEKEN6I, PhyaalU.
ALKER'MES, Confte'tio Alkefmes, Aleksr'-
mes, A celebrated electuary, composed of a
multiti^ of substances. It was so called from
ALRERVA
87
ALLOTRIOCHETTA
the gimini of kermec contumd in it. It wbb
naed as a stimulant. Also kermes (q. v.)
ALKERVA, see Ricinns communis.
ALKJTRAN, Cedria.
ALKOL, Alo^l.
ALKOOL, Aleohol.
ALLA, Cerevisia.
ALLAITEMENT, Lactation.
ALLAMANa)A, A. CatMrnr'tiea^ Ore'lia
grvmdiJUWa^ Gal'aripSy Eeki'nus seandensy
Afoef'ynum ^eandens. A shrub, native of Gui-
ana, the infusion of whose leayes is said by Lin-
nsBus to be useful in colica Pictonum.
ALLANTODES, Allantois.
ALLANTOIC AClDyAe^ulumallaHto
A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan-
tois of the cow.
ALLANTOIBES, Allantois.
ALLANTOIS, AUantoi'desy Ailamto'des,
Mewtbrafna urina'riay M, sen Ttmiea Fareimi-
naflUy 3r. InfMtina'U9y the AUatUoid Vesicle,
from aXlaty * a sausage,' and <i/«f , * ahvpe,* A
sort of elongated bliulder, between the chorion
and anuiion of the foetus, and communicating
with the bladder hj the urachns. It is very
apparent in qnadri:^eds, but not in the human
species. The fluid of the allantois has been
ooosidered inservient to the nutrition of the
fcetus; but our ideas, in regard to the vesicle in
man, are lar from being determinate.
ALLANTOTOX'ICUM, from aXlaty «a sau-
as^ani toIimt, 'a poison.' Sausage poison
(6.) Wurttgi/t. The Germans have given this
name to a poison developed in sausages formed
of blood and liver.
ALLELUIA, Ozalis acetosella.
ALLE'VIATOR: from o^, <to,' and/et^artf,
<to raise.' A soother. An instrument for
raising invalids, invented by Mr. Jenks of
Rhode Island. It consists of two upright poets,
about six feet high, each supported by a pedes-
tal; of two horizontal bars at the top, rather
loneer than a common bedstead; of a windlass
of the same length, placed six inches below the
upper bar; of a cog-wheel and handle; of linen
belts from six to twelve inches wide; of straps
secured at one end of the windlass; and at the
other havinff hooks attached to corresponding
eyes in the linen belts, and of a head piece made
c£ netting. The patient lying on his mattress,
the surgeon passes the linen belts beneath his
body, attaching them to the hooks on the ends
of oie straps, and adjusting the whole at the
uroper distance and length, so as to balance the
tx>dy eocactly, and then raises it from the mat-
tress by turning the handle of the windlass.
To lower the patient again, and replace him on
the mattress, the windUss must be reversed.
ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
ALLHEAL, Heracleum spondylium.
ALLIA'CEOUS, Allit/eeus, from alliumy
'garlic' Belonging to garlic, as alliaeeout
otknr.
ALLIAlREy AUiaria.
ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resem-
bling garlic. A. oJleiTu/lis, Ery/imum allu^-
fia, JatJt-in-the-hedgey stinting hedge Mustard,
Bedge Garlie, Sauee- alone, Hes'peris allia'ria,
(7.) AUiaire. This plant has been sometimes
given in humid asthma and dyspnoea. It is re-
puted to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor-
Wic.
The Parisian Codex has a compound lyrup
of alliaria, Sirop d*eiysimum eomposi, which is
used in hoarseness.
ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
AL'LIUM, from oleo, ' I smell.' A. saH'fmm,
T%eriaea rustieo'rum, Ampelo^rasum, Seot'o-
don, Seordon, Garlie, (F.) Ail. Nat, Ord,
Asphodeieae. Sex, Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.
A native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The
bulbs or eloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offen-
sive, and penetrating odour; and a sweetish,
biting, and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is
atimidant, diuretic, expectoran^ emmenagogue
{?), diaphoretic, and anthelmintic ExUrnally,
it is rubefacient, maturative, and repellent.
Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or
from f. ^ss to f. ^ij of the juice.
Taylor^s Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum,
appears to consist of garlie, infrued in oil of
almonds, and coloured by alkanst root.
Allium Asqalonicuh, £ehaloite,
Al'lit71C Cbpa, Common Onion, CepuPla,
Cromfmyon, (F.) Oignon» Acrid and stimu-
lating and possessing yery little nutriment.
Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics,
and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted
onion, as a cataplasm, is emollient and matu-
rating. The fresh root is rubefacient. The
expressed juice is sometimes used in otalgia and
in rheumatism.
Allium Gallicum, Portnlaca.
Al'lium Porkum, Porrum, Prasum, r^oao*,
the LeeJk or Porret; (F.) Poireau, Porreau. It
possesses the same properties as the onion.
The virtues of the genus Allium At^nA upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol,
acids, and alkalies.
Allium Rsdolbns, Teucrium scordium.
Al'livm YiCTORiA'Li, Victoria'lis longa.
The root, which, when dried, loses its allia-
ceous smell and taste, is said to be efficacious
in allaying the abdominal spasms of pregnant
women (?)
ALLOCHET'IA,il//o<rtofiA«<'»a,from alXos,
* another,' and %iC«'y, * to go to stool.' The dis-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of frsces by an abnormous open-
ing.
ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aXlog, 'another/
and mm<»9 * colour.' A change of colour.
ALLOCOPATHI A, Allopathy.
ALLCEOSIS, Alteration.
ALL(EOTICUS, Alterative.
ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative.
ALLONGEMENT, Elongation.
ALLOPATH, Allopathist.
ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
ALLOPATH IC, Allopath'ieus, AUofatAes,
Seteropath'ie, from aXXos, < another,' and noAo^,
< affection.? Relating to the ordinary method of
medical practice, in contradistinction to the ho-
moecraathic.
ALLOPATHIST, ATlopatk, same etymon.
One who follows allopathy.
ALLOPATHY, Allopathi'a, AUaopaJthSa,
Hypenantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Cura'tio eon-
trario'rum per eontra*ria, same etymon. The op-
posite to homoeopathy. The ordinary medical
practice.
ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
ALLOTRIOCHETIA, AUochetia.
ALLOTRIODONTIA
ALTEKATION
ALLOTRIODONTIA, from allorpioc, * fo-
reign/ and odovgy ' a tooth.' Transplantation of
teeth.
ALLOTRIOEC'CRISISjfrom oaaoreioc,' fo-
reign/ and f «ir(i0i«, ' separation.' The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis-
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Peragenstia.
ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia.
ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXoTQtof, < fo-
reign/ and Tf|i(, < parturition.' The bringing
forth of an abnormous fflstus.
ALLOTRITJ'RIA, from allor^ioc, < foreign/
and ov^ov, * urine.' Admixture of foreign mat-
ters wil^ the urine.
AL'LOTROPISM; from allot, ^another/ and
TQonofy * a turn or change.' A term recently
introduced into chemistry; the object of which
is to express the property possessed by certain
simple bodies, of assuming different qualities on
being'subjected to certain modes of treatment.
Carbon, for example, ftunishes three fonns —
plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
ALLSPICE, see Myrtos pimenta — a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin — a. Wild, Launts Benzoin.
ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
ALLURE, Influenza.
ALMA, Water.
ALMARIAB, see PImnbi oxydum semivi-
treum.
ALMEZERION, Cneorum tricoccum.
ALMOND, Amygdala.
Almond Bloom. A liqiiid cosmetic, formed
of Brazil dusty ,^j, vratsr, Oiij; boil and strain;
and add isinglass ^yj, grana sylvestria ^ij, or
roMneal 9;lj, aliim ^j, borax ^iiy, boil again,
and strain through a mie cloth.
Almond Cakb^ see Aniygdala — a. of the Ear,
Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypogea — a. Paste,
see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a.
of the Throat, Tonsil.
ALJUVS QLVTJNiySAyEurope'anAldsr. A
tree which grows in Europe, in moist places.
The bark and leaves are astringent and bitter;
and hence are employed in intermittents, and as
a tonic and astringent.
ALNtis Sbrrat'ula, Awurican Alder, has
similar properties.
Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus frangula.
ALOCHPA, from a privative, and Xox^ta,
^ lochia.' Absence of the lochial discharge.
ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound memcine,
containing aloes. — Gorrofus.
ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
AL'OES, Al'oly Fsl Natu'ra, The inspis-
sated juice of the alo9. Nat, Ord, Asphodelee.
Sez. Sifst. Hexandria Monogynia.
Aloes Caballi'na, A. GtafUen^sis, Jfforse^
aloes. Used chiefly for horses. It is collected
in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse.
Aloks Hbvat'ica, a, vttlga'risy A, Barba-
den^sisy Bipat*ie oloeSyBombay aloes, Barbadoes
aloesy A* wslge^ris extrae'tnmy (F.) Aloes en
ealibassesy A, des Barbades, This species has
a very disagreeable odour, and an intensely
bitter and nauseous taste. Properties the same
as the last.
Aloes SuccoTori'na, Soefotrine aloesy Tnr^
tey aloesy East India aloes, Albes lu'eiday A*
Zoetori'niay A, spiea'tay A* spiea^ta extrae^tum,
A* extraetwrn, An'ima Aloesy is the best spe-
<*.ies. Its odour is not unpleasant; taste very
bitter, and slig^y aromatic; colour reddish-
brown, with a shade of purple f mass hard^ fria-
ble; fracture conchoidal and glossy; soluble in
dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon-
yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and sti-
mulating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and sto-
machic. As a cathartic, it affects the rectum
chiefly. J>osey as a cathartic, gr. v to 9 j u^
pill.
Aloes, Wood, Agallochum.
ALOET'fC, Aloet'ious. A preparation which
contains aloes.
ALOGOTROPH1A, from «2»x»c, 'dispro-
portionate,' and t^a^q, < nutrition.' Irregular
nutrition. Used particularly to designate the
irregular manner in which the nutrition of
bones is operated in rickety individuals.
ALOPECES, Psoo.
ALOPE'CIA,from tUonti^, <afox;' (thisani-
mal being said to be subject to the afleccioii.)
Capillo'rvm dejlu^vium, Atkrix depilis, PAo-
laero'tisy DepUa'tiOy Trieko^sis- Athrix, Gtm-
gres'na Alope'eia, Atrieh'ia, Dejhivium sen
Lapsus Pilo'rum, Lipsotrich'iay Vulpis iftorbmSf
Baldness. Falling oft of the hair; loss of the
hair. When this is confined to the crown of
the head, it is called ealvities (q. v.), although
the terms are often used synonymously.
Alopecia Areata, Porrigo decalvans-— «.
Circumscripta, Porrigo decalvans— a. Partialis,
Porrigo deoalvans.
ALOUCHEy Cratsgns aria.
ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured
from the canella alba tree.
ALOUCHIERy Cratsgus aria.
ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the eoast
of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in
oil, form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of
the leaves, mixed with that of ealamusy is em-
ployed against the bite of serpents.
ALPHENIC, Saccliarum candidum.
ALPHITEDON, see Fracture.
ALPHITON, aKfptrov, Polen'tay Fari'na,
Any kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. —
Hippocrates. Polenta means also a food com-
posed of Indian meal, cheese, &c. See Farina.
ALPHON'SIN, Alphonsinum. A kind of
bullet forceps, similar to a Porte-erayony so
called from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of
Naples.^ScuItetus.
ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
ALPHOSIS .ETHIOPICA, see Albino.
ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM,Amomumcar-
damomum — a. Galanga, Maranta galanga.
ALPISTEy Phalaris Canadiensis.
ALSANDERS, Smymium olusatrum.
ALSI'NB ME'DIA, from oljrof, <a grove,'
because growing abundantly in the woods. Mor-
sus GaUi'nmy Holos'teum Alsi'iil^ Mouse^ear,
Chieltffeed, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Morge-
line. This plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten
like spinach, and forms an excellent emollient
poultice. It was formerly regarded as a vulne-
rary and detergent.
ALTAFOR, Camphor.
ALTER SEXUS, Sex female.
ALTERANS, Alterative.
ALT^RANTy Alterative.
ALTERATION^/r^ra'tw/rdm a/ttfr,*other/
AIloio'sisyAUcBo'sis . This word is used in France
to express a morbid change which supervenes
in the expression of the countenance {eUtiration
de lafaesy) or in the structure of an organ (o/-
tiration organtqusy) or in the nature of fluids
ALTERATTTB
I^LVMOLB
excreted {alUratian d$ Purine, tUs larmeg^ du
Alteration ie ako QMd in an entirely differ-
ent s«nBe> to express intense thirst in disease.
In this case its etymologj is different. It comes
from kaUter, and was formeily written haUur-
ation,
ALTERATIVE, Al'terans^Allaioftcus, Al-
ImWieusy AlHafictts, Immu'tane* A medicine
considered to be capable of producing a salutary
cfauige in a disease, but withoiit exciting any
sensible evacuation. As medicine improves,
this uncertain class of rentiedies becomes, of ne-
cessity, diminished in number.
<F.) Altirant, (The French term likewise
meaasy that which causes thirsty — Sitieulo'tusy
lHp*eficu4j,a» Altirtr means botb to change, and
to causa thirst. S'alUrtr^ is, to experience a
change for the worse, — carrumfjri,}
ALTERCANGENON, Hyoscyamus.
ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
ALTH^'A, irom ox^cir, <to heal;' A, offi-
einafliSi MtdvavU^eum, Aristaltha'a, Hihis'eusy
Ihig'ekusylbis'eka mUmal^va, Bismol' va^Mareh
mallew, (F.) Gtdmauve. Nat, Ord. Malva-
cea. 5«2. fl^y^t. Monadelphia Polyandria. The
leaves and root contain much mucilage. They
aie emollient and demulcent, and are employed
wherever medicines, possessing such properties,
are required. In the Ph. U. S., Althsa is the
root of Althaea officinalis.
ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment.
ALTHEUS, Physician.
ALTHEXIS, Curation.
ALTHOS, Medicament.
ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina.
ALU'DEL, Alu'tely Vitrum enhlimato'rium,
A hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware,
with a short neck projecting at each end, by
means of which one glass might be set upon the
other. The uppermost had no anerture at the
T<^. Aludels were formerly used in the subli-
milion of various substances.
ALUM, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagu-
Imn alaminosnm— a. Egyptian, ^gyptia styp-
teria.
Alttm , Rociix,i4/«'swn de Roehi, (F.) Alun de
Boeke, So called from Roccha in Syria, where
there was a manufactory. It is in pieces of the
size of an almond, covered with a reddish efflo-
Comman Roeke Alumy A, Roehi Oallis. Frag-
ments of common alum, moistened and shaken
with prepared bole. It is white when broken.
Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Henchera
cortnaa — a. Solution of, compound, Liq. alu-
mittii compos.
ALU'MEN, (an Arabic term, o/fim,) Alum^
Hyftrrul*pktu alu*minm et Potaa'sa, Poiag'sa
alnfmino-iulphasy Sul'pkae AluwintB Aeid'tUua
ntmPotas*sd,Snlphas Alu'nunta^ Sul'pkas Kal'-
ieoHtlHimn'iettmy SiUphas aluminafrisy Super-
ttU'fluu atu*mina et potae*eay Argil'la eulphu'-
riea alealieafta. A, vitriola'tai Styffte'ria, Su-
pernU'pkae Argil'la idealisa'tum, Argilla Ka-
/iiulpkuriea. (F.) Alun,
Aluxbr Catiiium, Potash of commerce— a
Fixun, see Potash-— a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul<
phatis alnmime compositus.
Alu'hkh Commu'rc , Common alumy English
ff/sM, RocJt alumy Alumen faeti*'Hnmj A. erys-
f^inumy A. rufpeum, (F.) Alten d*Angleterre,
ii the variety usually employed. It is in octa-
hedral crystals, but generally in large, white,
semitransparent masses; has a sweetish, styptic
taste; effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16
parts of water at 60^. It is tonic and astrin-
gent, and as such is used internally and exter-
nally. Dose, gr. v. to xv.
Alu'mbii Ezsicca'tum, Alu'men ustwn, A>
ealeinatumy Sulphas alu'mina fusus, Argil'la
sulpht/rica usta^ Burnt 'alum, dried alum, (F.)
Alun caleini, {Alum melted in an earthen vessel
until ebullition eeaess,) Escharotic.
Alit'meii Roma'mum, Roman alum. A, Ru*ti'
lum. A, Rubrum, (F.) Alun de Rome, In crys-
tals, which are of a pale red when broken, and
covered with a reddish efflorescence.
ALUMINA, ACETATE OF, Alumine Ace-
tas — a. Pura, Argilla pura— a. Sulphate of.
Alumina Sulphas.
ALU'MINiE ACETAS, At/'etate of Alu'^
mina, A deliquescent salt, obtained by the ad-
dition of acetate of lead to sulphtUe of alwnUna
and potassa. It possesses the same properties
as the sulphate of alumina.
ALu'MiNii AT Potassa Htpersvlphas, Alu-
men — a. et Potassas supersulj^s, Alumen — a.
Sulphas, Alumen.
Altt'minjb Sulphas, Sulphate of Alu'mina,
Simple sulphate of alumina may be made by the
direct combination of alumina and sulphuric
acid, and contains 30 per cent, of the former,
to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is a deliquescent
salt; and is an excellent antiseptic and detergent
to ulcers. It is chiefly used to preserve dead
bodies— a strong solution being injected into the
arteries.
Aluminjb Sulphas Acidvlus cum Potass a,
Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
ALUMINE FACTICE, ArgUla pura.
ALXTN, Alumen.
ALUNSEL, Gntta.
ALUS, Symphytum.
^ ALUSIA, Hallucination — a. Hypochondria-
sis, Hypochondriasis.
ALtfTEL, Aludel.
ALYAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa.
ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis.
ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external.
ALVE'OLAR. Alveola'Hs, from alveus, < a
cavity.' (F.) Alviolaire. That which relates
to the alveoli.
Alvx'olar Aacmss, (F.) Arcades alvh-
laires, are formed by tlie margins or borders of
the two jaws, which are hollowed by the Alveoli
(q. V.)
ALVK'oi^a AaTsaT, Supra-max'illary A,,
Arthre sus-maxillaire of CHiiaussier, arises from
the internal maxillary, descends behind the tu-
berosity of the upper jaw, and gives branches
to the upper mokr teeth, gums, periosteum,
membrane of the maxillary sinus, and buccina-
tor muscle.
Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The
part of tfie jaws, that is hollowed by the alve-
oli. •
Alvx'olar Membranes are very fine mem-
branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli,
and formed by a portion of the sac or follicle
which enclosed the tooth before it nierced the
gum. By some this membrane has been called
the alveolo^dental periosteum,
Alvk'olar Vein. This has a similar distri-
bution with the artery.
ALVMOLE, Alveolus..
ALV£oiJ DEirns
AMBLTAPHU
ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveoloi.
ALVEOLO'LABIALt Buccinator.
ALVE'OLUS, Bame etymon. Bo'trion^ Bo*-
tkri&n, OdotUobotk' rium, Odontopkat'nif Frtna^
Mortariolumy HoVmieos, Pressepioium^ Pkainij
Pkat'nion, Pmse'pinm, PatfU, Patknt, (F.)
Alveole. The alveoli are the sockets of the teeth,
Alvefoli dentis, Ma'nia Beu Cower na den'tiufHy
into which they are, as it were, driven. Their
size and shape are determined by the teeth
which they receive, and they are pierced at the
apex by small holes, which give passage to the
dental vessels and nerves.
ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Recepta-
culum chyli— a. Ampullescens, thoracic dact —
a. Communis : see Semicircular canals — a. XJtri-
culosus : see Semicircular canals.
ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation— a. Fluxus
aquosus. Diarrhoea — a. Lazitas, Diarrh<Bar--a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
ALVIDUCUS, Laxative-
AL VINE, Alvi'nus, from alvus, < the abdo-
men.' That which relates to the lower belly,
as alvifu dejections y alvinejluxy alvine obstruc-
tions (q. V.) &c.
ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic.
ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta,
Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a. Dura, Con-
stipatio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — a.
Tarda, Constipation — a. Viridis, Dejection.
ALYCE, Anxiety.
AL'YPON, from «, priv., and Ivnij, <pain.'
An acrid, purging plant, described by Matthio-
lus. By some it has been supposed to be the
Olobularia alypttm of botanists.
ALYSIS, Anxiety.
ALYSMUS, Anxiety.
ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo.
ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
AL'ZIL AT. In some of tiie Arabian writers,
a weight of three grains. — £Luland and John-
son.
AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris. «
AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
AMADOXTVIER, Boletus igniarius.
AMAIGRISSEMENTy Emaciation.
AM ANDES, see Amygdala.
AMANI'T-^, from a privative, and ^avia,
* madness :' i. e. ' not poisonous.' A name given,
by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham-
pignons, Amanita forms, at the present day, a
genus, some of which are edible, others poison-
ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus
'€Uirantiaeus and A, pseudo-aurantiaeus.
AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara.
AMARACI'NIJM. An ancient and esteemed
plaster, containin|; several aromatics, the mar-
joram, aHagaxnf, m particular.
AMARACUS, Origanum majorana.
AMARITIES, Bitterness.
AMARITUDO, Bitterness.
AMAROR, Bitterness.
AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tube|osa.
AMA'RUS, Picros, * bitter.' (F.) Amir* The
bitter principle of vegetables is the great na-
tural tonic, and hence bitters, as they are termed
collectively, belong to the class of tonics. Se-
veral are used in medicine ; the chief are, gen-
tian, quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &c.
AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a privative,
and ftaarioif, < mastication.' Mastication when
impeded or impracticable.
AMATORIUM^ Lacuna labii superioris*
AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye.
AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter.
AMATORIUS MUSCULUSyObUquus supe-
riori oculi.
AM AURO'SIS, Ob/usea'tio, Offnsceltio, from
aiiav^o(, * obscure. ' Drop serene, Gutta scre'na,
Catarae'ta nigra, Parop'sis amauro'sis, Immo*
hU'itas pupil'la, Suffu'sio nigra. Black cta'a-
raet, (F.) CrotUte-serdne, Cataracte noire, Anop-
tieonervic (Piorry.) Diminution, or complete
loss of sight, without any perceptible alteration
in the organization of the eye; generally, per-
haps, owing to loss of power of the optic nerve
or retina. Counter-irritants are the most suc-
cessful remedial agents, although the disease is
always very difficult of removal, and generally
totally incurable.
Amaurosis Dimipiata, Hemiopia — a« Imper-
fecta, Hypo-amiBiurosis.
AMAUROTIC, Atnaurotfieus ; same ety-
mon. Affected with amaurosis.
Amaurotic Cat's Etb, Gaieamauro'sis. A
name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection,
accompanied bV a remarkable change of colour
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the
fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or
brownish yellow, inst^ of its natural clear
black.
AM B ARUM, Ambergris— «. Cineritium,
Amberf^is.
AMBR, from anfiauva, < I ascend;' AmU, A
superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of
the shoulder; the invention of which is ascribed
to Hippocrates. It is no longer used. — Hippo-
crates, Scultetus. See Crista.
AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid: see Liquid-
amber styraciflua.
AM'BERGRIS. Ambra grUsea, Amior, Am-
bar, Ambra cinen^cea, A. ambrosiaea, Am'b»-
rum, Suc'cinum dn/reum, S, grifseum. Am' bit-
rum cineri"tium. A concrete substance, of the
consistence of wax, cineritious colour studded
with yellow and blackish spots, and exhaling a
very pleasant odour. It seems highly probable
that ambergris is formed in the intestines of the
whale, and voided with its excrements. Like
all aromatic substances, ambergris is slightly
antispasmodic and excitant; but it is oftener
employed as a perfume than as a medicine.
AMBIA. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the
smell and virtues of whicn are similar to those
of the resin tacamafaaca. It is obtained from a
spring in India.
AMBICUS, Alembic.
AMBIDEXTER, Amphidex'ius, from ambo,
' both,' and dexter, * right.' One who uses both
hands with equal fiu;ility. Celsus says the sur-
geon ought to be 'non mintis sinistra gua^n dean
trd promptusJ One of the aphorisms of Hippo-
crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter.
This is a mistake.
AMBILiEVUS, Ampharisteros.
AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS,
VcFt'bulum.
AMBLOMA, Abortion.
AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
AMBLOSMUS, Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive.
AMBLOTICUS, Abortive.
AMBLUS, aufiXv^, < obscure.' Hence,
AMBLYAPHIA9 from 0/c/Uv(, < obscure,'
AMBLTOGMOe
41
and ^0999 'leeling.' DuIdms of the sense of
loach.
AMBLY06M0S, Amblyopia.
AMBLYOPIA, from afifiluiy < obscure,' and
vnify * the eye.' Am6lyos*mos, Amblyog'mos,
Ampiu/jfea (so called by some, according to
Castelli, ob igHorafUiam Graete lingua,) Hebe*
tu'do tTM^^, FeeAieness of sight, (F.) Vub fai'
U; First degree of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates.
Amvltofia Ckrpvscitlaris, Hemeralopia —
a. DissitOrum, Myopia — a. Meridians, Nyctalo-
pia — a. Proximorum, Presbytia.
AMBLTOSMOS, Ambly;opia.
AMBON, Bufiwv, 'the raised rim of a shield
or dish,' from anftattv, < I ascend.' The fibro-
cartilaginous rings or bourrelets^ "which sur-
round the aiticular cavities, as the glenoid ca-
vity of the scapula, the acetabulum, &c., have
been so called. — €ralen. See Crista.
AMBOR, Ambergris.
AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris — a. Ciaeracea, Ambergris.
AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris,
AMBRE BLANCy Succinum (album)-w>.
Jaume., Succinum.
AMBRETTEy Hibiscus abelmoscfans.
AMBROSIA, from «, privative, and |9(«toc,
' mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the
food of immortals. The food of t}ie gods. —
Homer. See also, Chenopodium botrys.
Ambkosia Et^ltior, see A. Tri£da.
Akbro'sia Marit'ik a . A plant which grows
on the shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant,
bitter and aromatic taste. It is given in infu-
sion, as a tonic and antispasmodic
AxBHO'siA TaiP'mA, Horsewt^, Riehmeed,
Horseminty Horsecane, Bitterweed, This in-
digenous plant is found in low grounds and
along streams, ftom Canada to Georgia, and
west to Louisiana and Arkansas. It is an an-
nual, and flowers in August a,nd September.
An infusion has been recommended locally in
mercurial salivation.
Ambrosia Elatior, Ragv^ed, is said by
Dr. R. E. Griffith to have much more deve-
loped sensible properties.
AMBROSIE jyU MEXIQVEy Chenopo-
dium ambrosioides.
AMBULANCE, (F.) from ambftlare, <to
^walk.' A military hoepitalattached to an anny,
and moving along with it. Also called Htpitml
(WfkhutilHt
AXBXTLANT^ (F.) Am'btdanBy AmhUati'-
vtw, Am'bnlatiffs, A morbid affection is said
to be amhUamte, when it skips from one part to
another; as EritypiUs ambulants, &c. When
blisters are applied successively on difl^rent
parts of tha body, they are called V6sieatoires
ffllfilllfnillf J.
AMBULATIO, Walking.
AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
AM'BULI. The Brachmamc name for an
Indian aquatic herb, which appears to belong
to the family LysimaekicB, The whole plant
bas a sweet smell. Its decoction has a very
bitter taste, and is an excellent febrifuge, it
is also taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'-
SUS, Flatus furi&susy Yaf'ni, Painful, mo-
bile, and periodical tumours affecting different
parte, which were once considered as the effect
of vny subtile vapours — ^Michaelis. Their nar
tare is by no means clear.
4
AMBUSTIO, Bum.
AMBUTUA, Pareira brava.
AMBU Y A-EMBO. A very beautiful, creep-
ing aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of
which is exhibited successfully in obstructions.
It is also used in fumigation and in baths as a
tonic.
AmE, Anima.
AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a
genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves
is said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil^
are used to repel tumours.
AMELIA, Apathy.
AMENIA, Amenorrhcea, Emmenagogaes.
AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed
from the Latin amanusy * agreeable,' and /dattOf
* mania.' A gay form of insanity.
AMENORRHCE'A, Farame'nim obttruetio'-
mUy Menoeryph'ta, Msnosta^siay Apophrax'is^
ArrhfB'ay Dtft&tu^ seu Fitmainfsio seu Ctssa'tiQ
mmfsiwny Mentttrua*ti9 impedi'tay Isekome^niOf
Avte^nia, from a, privative, fitrfVy * a month,' Mid
{<c», * I flow.' Suppression 9ftkB menses, (F.)
auppreswm dnjtux menstrueL This suppres-
sion is most commonly symptomatic, and hence
the chief attention must be paid to the cause.
Usually, there is an atonic state of the system
generally, aad hence chalybeates and other
Conks are advisable.
Two great varieties of Amenorrhcea are com-
monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'wisy Eman'^
eiosnen'siumy Mervis'ekewisy Menos^ekesisy Men^
strua'tio rMenta, Men'sinm reten'tioy Reten^-
Hon oftke menses, when the menses do not ap-
pear at the usoal age : and, 2, Suppres'sio Men*-
sium, Suppres'sio Menstruatio'nisyAmenorrkc^a
Suppresseo'nisy Intermp'tio menstruatio'nis^
Menstrua'tio snppressa, in which the catamenia
are obstructed in their regular periods of recur-
rence. See Emansio Mensium, and Menses.
Ambnorrb(sa Difficius, Dysmenorrhcea —
a. Emansionis, see Amenorrhea — ^a. Hymenica,
see Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhcea —
a. Suppressionis, see Amenorrhcea.
AMENTIA, Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas,
and Idiotism — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
AMkR, Amarus.
AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum
tuberosum.
AMERTUMEy Bitterness.
AM'ETHYST, Amethyetusy fh>m «, priva-
tive, and fAt^woy <I am drunk.' A precious
stone, to which the ancients attributed the pro-
perty of preventing drunkenness* It was also
used as an anti-diarrhoeic and absorbent. — Pliny,
Albertus Magnus.
AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum, (remedium)
Same etymon as Hie last. A remedy for drunk-
enness.
AMETRIA, Intemperance. Also, absence
of the uterus; from a, privative, and fcqr^'y
* the uterus.'
AMICULUM, Amnios.
AMIDUM, Amylum.
AMINiEA, Anime. '
AMIN-ffi'UM ymVMyAmine'an «wW, high-
ly esteemed as a stomachic. Virgil distinguish-
es it from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius, &c.
AMMA, Truss.
AMMI, Ammi majue. Bishop* e weed, A. VW-
ga'ri* The seeds of ^is plant are aromatic
and pungent. They are said to be carminative
and diuretic, and are tonic and stomachic.
AMVION
AMMONIA SULPHAS
Aiiin Tbrum, see Siflon ainnu»--0. dtt Bou-
tiques, see Sison ammi.
AJMQflON, Hydraigyri sulphoretnin rubrom.
AMMISMUS, Pwinmiamus.
AMMOCHO'SI A, Aittmoeko'ns^ from a^^c,
< sand,' and ^tm, * I pcNir«' Artia'Ho. Putting
the human Dody in hot sand, for the curt of
disease.
AMMONIA, ^DMw'iMa br Ammmi'atalgtu,
Volatile al'^Ui, Al'eali ammoni'aeum eaus'tieuit^y
A, volat'U€ eaue'tieum, Ammo'nia eaus'tieay A.
pur a, Ammoni'aeum, A, eoMs'tiewm, Gas ammO"
niaea'li, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammomaque,
Air alealin, Gag a mmoni aeal* An alcali, so
called, because obtained principally by decom-
posing sal ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by
lime. This gas is colourless, transparent, elas-
tic, of a pungent, characteristic odour, and an
acrid urinous taste. It turns the synip of rio-
lets green, and its specific character is 0.596.
When inhaled, largely diluted with common
air, it is a powerful irritant. When anmized,
it instantly induces suffocation.
Ammonia, Acbtatb, Solution op. Liquor
ammonis aeetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate
of ammonia — a. Caustica liquida. Liquor am-
moniae — a. Chlorohydrate of, Ammonias murias
^-a. Citrate of, Ammonue citras — a. Hydriodate
of, see Iodine — a. Hvdrochlorate of. Ammonias
murias — a. Hydroeiuphuret of, Ammoniie sul-
phuretum — a. Iodide of, see Iodine — a. Lini-
ment of, strong, Linimentum ammonias fortius
— «. Liquid, Liquor AmmoniiB— «. Muiiatica,
Ammomss murias — a. Nitrata, Ammonias nitras
— «. Phosphate of, Ammonias phosphss — a.
Prasparata, Ammonias carbonas— a. Pura liquida,
Liquor anmionias— a. Solution of. Liquor am-
monias — a. Solution of, stronger, Liquor anmio-
IU8B fortior — a. Tartrate of, Ammoniae tartras.
AHMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni'aeum, (Ph.
U. S.) Gum'wn Ammoni'aeum, Armoni'aeum,
Mato'rium, (F.) AmmoTiifte, Gomme ammo^
niaque, so called from Ammonia in Lybia,
whence it is brought. A gum-resin, the con-
crete juice of Dore'ma ammoni'aeum, of Persia :
a species of a genus allied to Ferula. It is in
irregular, dry masses and tears, yellow exter-
nally, whitish within. Its odour is peculiar, and
not ungrateful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter.
It forms a white emulsion with water : is solu-
ble in vinegar; partially so in alcohol, ether,
and solutions of the alealies.
Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru-
ent (7) antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters.
Two varieties are met with in the market,
Gutta ammoni'aei, the best ; and Lapis ammo-
rti'aei, the more impure.
AMMONIACiE NITRAS, Ammonia nitras
— a. Sulphas, AmmoniaB sulphas.
AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac
Gum — a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammonias foeti-
(loa-— a. Volatile mite. Ammonia carbonas.
AMMONIiE ACfiTAS, Liquor ammonias
asetatis— «. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
AMMomJE Car'bonas, a, Suhear'Uonas, A,
i^sqyica/bonajtt Sail of bones, Sal Wsium, Salt
nfwood-eoot, Sal FulipUnis, Sati of urine. Vola-
tile Sal Ammonia t^ Baker's salt, Atcajli vokt'Hi
airaftum, A. volat'ilB ummoniaca'li, A. voLu'ili
ex Bali amm&niafeo, AmmnnHaeum vohtfUi mUi,
Ammt/nvimear^n'ieum, A.subcaMneum, Car-
bouao emmo'ma mUsmK^nus sen ineompUhu sen
euptrammonifacust Hypoeaar'bcnaB ammt/miat,
Flores salis amuwnifaei, Sai cornu ctroi vola^iU.
Sal vdalfilU' eeJis ammonVaei, Concrete tjotatUt
alkali. Carbonate or subearbonate of ammonia,
Ammo'nia praeparaUa, Sal volatfiU, Smelling salt.
(F.) Carbonate tCammoniague, Sel volatU d*An-
gleterre, (Amman, muriat. Ibj ; Creta Ibiss. Su-
blime. — Ph. U. S.) A wlute, striated, crys-
talline mass, odour and taste pungent and am-
moniacal : soluble in two parts of water : inso-
luble in alcohol : effloresces in the air. It is
stimulant, antacid^ diaphoretic, and antispas-
modic. Pose, gr. V. to xv.
Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to
form effervescing draughts. One scruple satu-
rates six fluidrachms of lemon-juice, twenty-
six grains of crystallized tartaric acid, and
twenty-six grains of crystallized citric acid.
Ammonia Citeas, Citrate of Ammo'nia.
Made by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a
solution of citric acid, with carbonate of ammo-
nia. Dose, f. gss.
It may be made extemporaneously, and taken
in an effervescing draught. Seventeen grains
of citric acid or half a fluidounce of leinon juice
will be sufficient for thirteen gruns of carbo-
nate of ammonia.
Ammoniac Cup&o^uu*ras, Cuprum anuno-
niatum.
Ammonijb et Fkrri Mueias, Ferrum ammo-
niatum — a. Hydrosulphuretum, Liquor fumana
Boylii— «. Uypocarbonas, Ammonis Carbonas.
Ammo'nia Mu'rias, Mu'riate of Ammo'nia,
Hydroeklo'rate of Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate
of Ammo'nia, Sal Ammoni'aoum, Sal Amaeo'-
niae, Sal Ammoni'aeus, Anuao'nia Muriat-
iea, Ammo'niuwi Muria'tuvi, Sydroehlo'ras
Ammo'nia, Sal Armoni'aeum, Salmiae, Fuli-
go Al'ba Philosopho'rum,Misadir, (F.) Muriate:
d'Ammoniaque, A saline concrete, formed by
the combination of muriatic acid with am-
monia. In Egypt it is manufactured in lairgt*
quantities by subliming the soot formed by
burning camel's dung — 26 pounds of the soot
yielding 6 pounds. It is also prepared, in grea^*
quantities, by adding sulphuric acid to the vola-
tile alkali obtained &om soot, bones, &c., mix-
ing this with common salt, and subliming.
Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste.
Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu-
ble also in 4.5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient
and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Kx-
temally, it is employed, producing cold during
its solution, in inflammations, &c.
Ammo'niae NiTRAS, Nitrate of Ammonia, Al-
kali volat'ilB nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'aeus m-
tro'sus, Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'aei,
Nitrum flammans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoni-
aque. A salt composed of nitric acid and am-
monia. It is diuretic and deobstrueiit.(?) Ex-
ternally, it is discutient and sialogogue.
Ammoni;b Phosphas, Phosphate of Ammo'-
nia, (F.) Phosphate d'Ammoniaque. This salt
has been recommended as an excitant, diapho-
retic, and discutient. More recently, it has
been proposed as a new remedy for gout and
rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus,
and for diseases, acute and chronic, connected
directly with the lithic acid diathesui.
Akhonijb Sbsquioarbomas, a. carbonas.
Amho'nls Sulfuas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia,
AMMOmAQVE
SMipkas ammanifmemy Ammo'nium suijphi^ri'
fMM, Athali volatrili tntriola'tum^ Stti Awmo-
KCaeum stert'tum Glaubski, Sal sBcr^tiu
Gi^UBUi, Viiriolum amuumiaedUy (F.) Bui-
pkate d'Ammoniaque. Formed by adding buI-
plinric acid either to aal amiDoniac or to ammo-
niiAU liquor. Its propertiee are like those of
the muriate of ammonia.
AmMO'MLS SvLPBTOB'TUlf, Sutfkuftt tf Am'
w^tuOy Hydftmd'fkmrH qf Ammt/mn, Hydro-
gulpkms Amnumuf^ Smr'itus Bsein'Nl, Sp. Ju-
wtMu Bbovi'mi, SmbAwrt^tum ammowfaemy ^.
tmSs ammmiHad mUpkwn^tu9^ Uquor amnu/nU
kmdraikwdisy Hydrtmdpkur^tum Awmt/nieum,
Hydrmrg. ammmUttfU aquf/aum, Hifdrog^'eno-
mMntrdtum ammomifam Uq'wdum^ Spi/itus
mUpkuns volalfiUs^ Htp» su^huns volaifiU,
BoYLx's or Beguihe's fuming tpirit^ (F.) Bu-
drotmlfkaU tu(furi dAmmomMfut, Liqueur fu-
mamu d€ Botu, Suljure hydro^ini dAmmo-
mmqtte^ Hydrowuffurt dAmmoniaque, Odour
veij fetid ; taste naiiseoiu and styptic ; colour
daric yellowish green. It is reputed to be se-
datiTe, nauseating, emetic, dis(^gemzing,(?)
and has been given in diabetes and diseases otf
increased excitement. Dose, ^ viij . to gw- xx.
Ammo'ivi£ Taetras, AJ^kali volat'tU tarta-
riza'tumy Sal Ammonia acum tartc^reum, Tax^-
ianu ammo'Miay Tartrate of Awmo'nia, (F.)
TartraU dAmmoniaque. A salt composed of
tartaric acid and ammonia. It is diaphoretic
and diuretic ; but not much used.
AMMONIAQUBy Ammonia — a. Arsifn-
at$ d*y Arseniate of ammonia — a. Hydrosulfure
d*i ibmnonise sulphuretum — a. Hydrosulfaie
nlfuri d^y Ammonis sulphuretum — a. I*-
fw^. Liquor ammonise-— a.PAo«j9Aa<« <iS Am-
noois phosphas — a. Sulfuro hydroginb d*y
Ammoniie sulphuretum.
AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS,
Cnpruin ammoniatum.
AMMONION, from «/u^off, < sand.' An an-
cient eollTrium of gfeat virtues in many dis-
siies of the eye, and which was said to remove
•sad from that organ.
AMMONIUM ARSENICUM, Arseniate of
Mntnnwia — a. Carbonicum, Ammonie carbenas
-«. Iodide of, see Iodine— a Muriaticum mar-
tiatum seu martiale, Ferrum ammoniatun) — a.
Moriatum, AmmonicB murias — a. Subcarbone-
vm, AmmoaiflB carbonaa — a. Sulphurieum, Am-
moiiis snlpfaas.
AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral,
AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia.
AMNE'SIA, AmTuat'ioy Amnomos'^i, from
M, privative, and ^nj^'ic, 'memory.' Moria
iwhe^Uis anm^siay OUiv'ioy ReeolUetxo'nis
jmA^roy Dysasike'aia inft^noy DehU'itas me-
mo'riay Memo'ria dele'tay (F.) Porte do Jlft-
tiw»r», < loss of memory.' By some Nosologists,
constitutes a genus of diseases. By
it is considered only as a symptom,
I may occur in many diseases.
AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
AMNIITIS, Amnitis.
AMNIOCLEFSIS, from Aftmiosy and xUn-
r«» < I steal or take away clandestiiiely .' Pre-
Qsture escape of the liquor amnii.
AMNIORRH(E' A, from amniosy and ^i» » * I
Amt.' a premature dischai|;e of the liquor
AlTNIOSy Aa^nion, Am'mmm, Sfm'mmm,
I AMOTTREUZ
Charta virgin' oay Armatufroy Agni'na mtomhra'-
noy Follu'eida momhra^nuy Galeay Seopaf^nmmy
indt^oittmyAwUdtdumyJUom^t^nafeBtvm invol'-
vono. The innermost of the enveloping mem-
branes of the foetus :— so called because first ob-
served m the sheep, (?) «^toc, <a sheep.' It is
thin, transparent, perspirable, and possesses
many delicate, colourless vessels, which have
not been injected. It sends a prolongation, which
serves as a sheath to the umbilical coid. Its ex-
ternal surface is feebly united to the chffirion by
cellular and vascular filaments. Its inner sor-
fkce is polished, and is in contact with the body
of the foetas and the liquor amnii, (q. v.)
AMNIOTIC ACID, Ad'idwm am'niewm vel
ammiot'tcum, A peculiar acid, found by Yao-
quelin and Buniva m the liquor amnii of the cow.
AMNrTIS,ilM«»V'iM,firom AmmonoxAitioy
inflammation. Inflammation of the Anmion.
AMCENOMA'NIA, from offiontM, < agreea-
ble,' and mania. A form of mania in which the
hallucinations are of an agreeable character.
AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum.
AMO'MUM C ARDAMO'MUM, A. raoom/-
ovm, A. vorumiy AlpinHa eardawuffnum, Caro'pi,
MaU/nia Cardamo'ntumy Elotttiria Cardamo*^-
mumy Cardaiaoo'mtua Minus, Lesser or ojioinal
Car^damom, Amo'mum repons, (F.) Cardamooee
de la C6te de Malabar, Cardamoms. The seeds
of this East India plant have an agreeable, aro-
matic odour, and a pungent, grateful taste.
They are carminative and stomachic : but are
chiefly used to give warmth to other remedies.
The fruit is called ^«io«fH>. Dose, gr. v. to 9J*
Ahokvm Galanga, Maranta G.
Amomum Granum Paradi'si, Cardafno'msim
majuMy Meleguotfta, Maniguot'tay Cardamo'-
mum pipora^tum, A. max'tmum, (F.) Gredues
de Paradis. Greater cardamom seeds resem-
ble the last in properties. They are extremely
hot, and not much used.
Amomvm Pimenta : see Myrtus pimenta^— a.
Zedoaria, Esmpferia rotunda.
Amomum Zin'oibee, Zinfgiber oJHeina'li,
Zin'gibor aliumy Z. nigrum, Z, oommu'ni,
Zin' Tiber y Gingery (¥.) Gingembre. The 10*^
and biacih gingery Zin'xiber fustwm et alburn^
are the rUzoma of the same plant, Zin'gibor
offieinc^li, the difference depending upon the
mode of preparing them.
The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm,
aromatic, and acr^. It yields its virtues to
alcohol, and in a great degree to water. It is
carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris Hadix Con'
dtta. Radix Zingib'eris eondi^ta ex Tndid al-
la'tay is a condiment which possesses all the
virtues of ginger.
Ginger-Beor Powders may be formed of
white sugary 3J. and ^ij. gingery gr. v. sub*
earbonato of soda, gr. xxxvj in each blue paper :
add of tartar, T^iss in eacn white paper ,---4or
half a pint of water.
Oxlejo Concontratod Essenoo of Jasnmea
Ginger is a mere solvtion of ginger in reotijlod
spirit,
AMOR, Love.
AMORGE, Anmrw.
' AMORPHU3, AnfistooB, Anideys.
AM03TEUS, Osteoo(^la.
AMOUR, Love.
'Ol7JK£Z7Z(mnBeIe.) OUiquas superior
AXPAC
AMYGDALA
AMPAC, Amj/aeus. An East India tree,
the leaves of which have a strong odour, and
are used in baths as detergents. A very odo-
riferous resin is obtained from it.
AMPAR, Succinum.
AMPELOCARFUS, Galium aparine.
AMPELOPRASUM, Allium.
AMPELOS, Vitis viniferar-*. Agria, Bryonia
alba— «. Idaea, Vaccinium ritis Idaea — a. Oino-
phoTOS, Vitis vinifera.
AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia.
AMPHARJS'TEROS, AmMa'vusy « awk-
ward;' from afA^i, and opioTt^o^, 'the left.'
Opposed to ambidexter.
AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian.
AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
AMPPU, «MS(» ^ hoth, around, on all sides.'
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms.
AMPHIAM, Opium.
AMPfflARTHRO'SIS, from «a«<^i, 'both,'
and a^&^watfy * articulation.' A mixed articu-
lation, in which the corresponding surftces of
bones are united in an intimate manner by an
intermediate body, which allows, howeyer, of
some slight motion. Such is the junction of
the bodies of the vertebre by means of the in-
tervertebral cartilages. This articulation has
The
also been called DtareAfVM de C<mtinuUL
motion it permits is but slight.
AMPHIBLESTRODITIS, Retinitis.
AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular.
AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, from am
pkiblestro^des (membrana) the retina, and ft*
XAKUij < softening.' MoUescence or softeniag
of the retina.
AMPfflBRAN'CfflA, from «/a^i, 'around,'
and ^idYx^y 'the throat.' Amphibronfehia,
The tonsus and neighbouring parts. — ^Hippoc.
AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva.
AMPHHyEUM, from a/c^i, 'around,' and
9tWi ' I bind.' The outermost margin of the
cervix uteri \ the Labium uteri,
AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter.
AMPHIDI ARTHRO' SIS, from aAA^»,
' about,' and dtAt&^toatf, ' a moveable joint.' A
name given by Winslow to the temporo-maxil-
lary articulation, because, according to that
anatomist, it partakes both of ginglymus and
arthrodia.
AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium.
AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis— a. Hectica,
Hectic fever.
AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian.
AMPHION, Maslach.
AMPHIPLEX, Perineum.
AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspncea.
AMPHISMELA, Knife, double-edged.
AMPHISMILE, Knife, double-edged.
AMPHISPHAL'SIS, Cireumae'tioy Cireum-
du^tio, from a^c, 'around,' and tttpaXXwy 'I
wander.' The movement of circumduction
used in reducing luxations. — ^Hippocrates.
AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
AMTHORA, per syncop. for a^^i^a^iv^,
from afi^iy ' on both sides,' and ^i^*, ' I bear :'
because it had two handles. A liquid measure
among the ancients, containing above 7 gal-
lons. Also called Quadrantad, Cera'mium^
Ceramlnimm^ Cadua* **
AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Caver-
nous Respiration.
AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplooiiu
AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
AMPLEXUS, Coition.
AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
AMPLIOPEA, Amblyopia.
AMPOSIS, Anaposis.
AMPOULES, Essera.
AMPULLA, Gavitas elliptica-*. Chylifcra
seu chyli, Receptaculum chyli.
AMPULLiE, PhlyctBDB.
AMPUTATION, AmpiUt/tio, from ampu*
tare, (am, ' around,' and putare,) ' to cut off.'
Apot'omi, Apotom'ia. The operation of sepa-
rating by means of a cutting instrument, a limb
or a part of a limb, or a projecting part, as the
mamma, penis, &c., from the rest of the body.
In the case of a tumour, the term excieion, re^
movaly or extirpation, (F.) Resection, \b more
commonly used.
Amputation, Cikculak, is that in which
the integuments and muscles are divided circu-
larly.
AiCFUTATiON, Flap, (F.) A. d lambeaux, is
when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the
stump, when the limb has been removed.
Amputation, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.) A,
done V article on dans la eantigtdti des mem*
hres, is when the limb is removed at an articu-
lation.
Each amputation requires a different process,
which is described in works on operative sur-
gery.
AMULET, Amaletum.
AMULETTE, Amuletum.
. AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.'
Ah Amulet, — Periam'ma, Apotropafum, Peri-
apfton, Phylacte'rion, Apoteles'mai Exart/w%a,
Aiexica'cum, Praservati'vum, Prohasca^nium,
Probascan'iium, (F.) Amulette, Any image or
substance worn about the person for the pur-
pose of preventing disease or danger.
AMURCA, Amurga, ctpf^yfi* The mare or
grounds remaining after olives luive been crushed
and deprived of meit oil. It has been used as
an application to ulcers.
AMURGA, AmuTca.
AMUSA, Musa Paradisiaca.
AMYCE, Amyeha, Amy'xie, Excoriation,
Scarification.
AMYCHA, Amyce.
AMYCTICA, from c^twim, 'I lacerate.*
Medicines which stimulate and vellicate the
skin. — Caelius Aurelianus.
AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis.
AMYELIA, from a, privative, and fixflee,
'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which
there is an absence of spinal marrow.
AMYGr^ALA, same etymon as Amyctica;
because there seem to be fissures in the shell.
The Almond, of which there are two kinds;
Amyg'dalee amelret and A*dulees, (F.) Amandee
dotiees, and A* amhres, obtained from two va-
rieties of Amyg^dalue eommunis, or A. stUifva,
a native of Barbary. Nat, Ord, Amygdalese.
Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia.
The taste of the Amygdala duleis is soft and
sweet; that of the A, amara, bitter. Both
yield, by expression, a sweet, bland oil. The
bitter almond contains Prussic acid. They are
chiefly used for forming emulsions.
AMTo'DAi.iB 1?LACEV*TA, Almond Cake, is the
cake left after the expression of the oil. The
gr9wnd Almond Cake, Almond Powder^ Fori' net
AMTGDALATUM
45
ANACLINTERIUM
Amygdala^rmnf IB used instead of soap for wash-
ing the hands.
Amtg'dax.^ Pasta^ Almond Fcute, a coeme-
tie fort sQftening the skin and preventing chaps,
is made of bitter almonds y bkmchedy ,^iv, white
of ono egg; rose water, and reetified tjirity equal
parts, or as mnch as is sufficient.
AMTGDAI.A, Tonsil. Also, a lobe of the ce-
rebellum, so called from its resemblance to an
enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow of the op-
jxMite side form the lateral boundaries of the
anterior extremity of the valley, (q. v.) and are
in great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
AMTGDALATUM, Emulsio AmygdaUa,
AMTGDALE, Tonsil.
AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
AMY6DALUS COMMUNIS, see Amygdala.
Avro'DALUS Pkb'sica. The Common peack-
treof (F.) Picker. The leaves and flowers have
been considered laxative. They are bitter and
aronude, and have been given in hematuria,
nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of the pleasant
and wholesome summer fruits, when ripe. The
kernels, Aw^^dala Per'tieeBy as well as the
flowers, contain prussic acid.
Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and
is nmch used in the United States.
Amygdalus, see Amygdala.
AMY6MOS, Scarification.
AMTLEON, Amylum.
A'MYLUM, A'midumy Feffuia, Amfl'eon,
Amffion, from o, priv., and /ccvli}, 'a mill,' be-
, caose made without a mill. Starch, (F.) Ami^
don. Amnion. Starch of Wheat, Pari'na, Trit^-
idfari'na^ Fee'tUa Amyla'eea, is inodorous and
insipid, white and friable. It is insoluble in
cold water and alcohol; but forms with boiling
vnXer a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is
demulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster,
and as the vehicle for opium, when given per
fmum. Starch is met with abundantly in all
The cereal grains, in the stalks of many of the
pahns, in some lichens, and in many tuberous
roots, particularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
Amtlum Iobatum, see Iodine.
A'MYON, from «, priv., and /cmtt, ^a vaam-
c\b,* Emuseula'tuo, Without muscle. Applied
to the limbs, when so extenuated that the mus-
cles cannot be distinguished.
AMYOSIS, Synezizis.
AKYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium.
Ax^xu Ei.bmip'bra, (F.) Baieamier Eli-
mi/irt, Nat, Ord. Terebinthacee. Sex. Syst.
Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence it has
been supposed 6ux El'emi is obtained. This
gum or resin is brought from the Spanish East
and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, according
to Dr. Royle, is produced by Idea leicariha;
Mexican Blomi by Elt^phrinm elemiferum;
and Manilla Elemi by Canafrium commufni.
It is softish, transparent, of a pale whitish co-
lour, inclinnig a little to green, and of a strong,
thoi^gh not unpleasant smell. It is only used
in ointments and plasters, and is a digestive.
Amtkxs 61Z.EADE11SI8, see A. opobalsamum.
Ax'TBis Opobal'samux, (F.)Baleemier de la
MJecqne, Bateem, Batsamfum, The plant from
which is obtained the Balsax of Mbcca, BaT-
toimum genvi'num antiquo*rum, Baletvmelaton,
Mgyptiaeum Batsomum, Battamum Asiatfi-
mm, B. Judo^ieum, B, Sftiaeum, B. e Meced,
Ceeohafsamum, B, Alpffni, Oleum BoTeami,
Opo^afMommnyXylobal'eamium^aleam oi Balm
of Oilead, (F.) Bimme Blanc, B. de Conotanti-
nople blane, B. de Galaad, B, du Grand Caire,
B, Vrai, Terehinthine de Gildad, T. t^Agypte,
T. du Grand Kaire, T, de Judie, A resinous
juice obtained by making incisions into Amyrie
opobal'samum and A. GUeadcn'aie of Liuueus,
Balsamaden'dron Gileaden*ei of Kunth. The
juice of the fruit is called Carpobal'samum;
that of the wood and branches Xylob<d'samum.
It has the general properties of Uie milder Te-
rebinthinates.
Axtbis Toxxntosux, Fagara octandra.
AMYRON, Carthamus tmctorins.
AMYUS, froxn a privative, and /iv«, * a mouse,
a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle.
AMYXIA, from a privative, and /lv^o, < mu-
cus.' Deficiency of mucus.
AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
ANA, aro, a word which signifies ^of each.'
It is useid in prescriptions as well as a and u,
its abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it
means < in,' < through,' < upwards,* < above,' in
opposition to Cata, (q. v.;) also 'repetition,'
luce the English re. Hence, —
ANAB'ASISj from ara/fa(rw,< I ascend.' The
first period of a disease, or that of increase. —
Galen. See Augmentation.
ANABEXIS, Expectoration.
AN ABLEP'SIS, from ara, < again,' and /Mtnio,
< I see.' Restoration to sight.
AN ABOL^'ON, Anabole'ue, from atafiaXZm,
* I cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts
or other extraneous bodies.
AN AB'OLE, from ava, < upwards,' and fialXw,
*I cast.' Anago'gi, Ana^'ora, Anaeine'mut,
Anadn^aia. An evacuation upwards. An act
by which certain matters are ejected by the
mouth. In common acceptation it includes, e»-
sjmition, expectoration, regurgitation, and t^o-
miting,
A^ABB.OCmS^MXJSydnabronchiymMe,from
Ota, * with,' and fiQoxotf * a running knot.' An
operation for removing the eye-lMhes, for ex-
ample, when they irritate the eye, by means of
a hair knotted around them. — Hippocrates, Ga-
len, Celsus, &c.
ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
AN ACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium.
ANACARODIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, Co*-
eu'vium pondferum. Cashew {W. Indies.) (F.)
Acajou. iVat. Or<#. TerebinthacesD. Sex.Syst.
Enneandria Monogynia. The OH of the Cashew
Nut, O'leum Anaoar'dii, (F.) Huile d* Acajou,
is an active caustic, and used as such in the
countries where it grows, especially for de-
stroying warts, &c.
Anaoabdiux Orixntalb, Avicennia tomen-
tosa.
ANACATHAR'SIS, from ova, 'upwards,'
and xa^fiupffiv, * to purge.' Purgation upwards.
Expectoration, (q. v.) See, also, Repurgatio.
Anacathabsxs Catabrhalxs Sixplbx, Ca-
tarrh.
ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant.
ANACESTOS, Incurable.
ANACHREMPSIS, Exspnition.
ANACHRON, Soda.
^ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspnition.
ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspnition.
ANACLASIS, Repercussion.
ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anadin'trum, Becu-
Uttfrium, from ata*k\tm, < I recline.' A long
ANACUATRUM
ANAMNESTIG
elnur or seat, so fonned, tliAt tha penoik can rest
IB m reclinifig posture.
ANACLINTRUM, Amelinterium.
AN ACOLLEOVfA, from ova, < together/ and
jf«Alaw, * I glue.' A healing medicine.
Anacollbmata, Frontal bandages.
ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant of Ma-
labar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered
pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy,
and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja.
It is supposed to be Zapafnia nodifto'ra.
ANACOLUTHIE, Incoherence.
ANACOMIBE, Restauiatio.
ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism.
ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
ANACYCL'EON, Charlatan.
ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see An-
themis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis
pyrethrum.
ANADESMUS, Fascia.
ANADIPLO'SIS, from ova, < again,* and *i-
Ttloco, < I doable.' Epanadiplo'sis^ Epanaltp^-
ns, Redupliet^tio, The redoubling which oc-
curs in a paroxysm of an intermittent, when its
type Lb double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles.
ANADORA, Ecdora.
ANAD'OSIS, from awaSiduptt, 'I distribute.'
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Conges-^
tion of blood towards the upper parts of the
body. AfuuUsis seems also to have occasion'^
ally meant chylification, whilst diadogis meant
capillary nutrition. — Hippocrates, Galen.
ANAJyROME, from «va, < upwards,' and
S^t/ua, ' I run.' The transport of a humour or
pain from a lower to an upper part*— Hippoer.
Also, the globus hystericus (q. r.)
AN^.DOS'USy from av privatiTe, and atSota,
* organs of generation.' A monster devoid of
sexual organs.-
ANAMATOPOIE'SIS, from «, «v, priva-
tive, 'aifiuf, < blood,' and 7ra«iio, * I make.' Im-
peded or obstructed httmatosis.
AN^MATO'SIS, from «, «y, privative, and
<«i^ft, < blood.' Defective hsmatosis or prepa-
ration of the blood.
ANi£'MiA, Exgfmia, Anx'vuuia^ Anhif-
mia, Anhamato'sis, Polyanha^mia, Anstmo'gia,
OligtB'miai Oligok^miay Hypafmia^ (q. v.)
Hfdroaimiay (q. v.) Hydrafmiaj An^ffda^ (F.)
AnimUy Polyttnhimie, Hydrohimie, Exsan^
gtUn'tty, Bloodies 9nea s : from a, priv. and
<ai/ia, 'blood.' Privation of blood;— the op-
posite to plethora (q. v.) It is chaxaeterized
by every sign of debility. Also, diminished
quantity of fluids in the capillary vessels {«—
the opposite to Hypermtma. — The essential
character of the blood in anemia is diminution
in the ratio of red corpuscles.
AN£'MIC, Atum'icj Ant/mieus ; same ety-
mon. Appertaining to Anemia,— as an ^^anm-
mie person ;" « anamie urine."
ANiEMOCH'ROtJS, from «, a», privative,
* ttua, ' blood,' and %(•<, * colour.' Devoid of
colour, pale.
ANi£MOSIS, Anemia.
ANiEMOTROPHY, Anmmotroph'ia : fr«||
ov, privative, <«f/ic«, 'blood,' and r^c^i;, *n^F
rishment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourish-
ment. — Prout.
ANiBSTHE'SIA, Anmsth^sit, InsmsmV-
iteuy Analgt'ndy ParmjfatM txpertj (F.) Anet'
tkitU : from «, privative, and mc^vopLoi^ ' 1
feel.' Privation of sensation, and especially of
that of touch, according to some. It may be
general or partial, and is almost always symp-
tomatic.
AiiABTBBSiA LiNocjB, Ageustia^-a. Olftc-
toria, Anemia.
AN^STHESIS, Anesthesia.
ANiESTHET'IC, Afustkst^iey Anmsekefi-
out, (F.) AnssthiHgue ; same etymon as Anm*'-
thesia. Relating to privation of feeling, as an
*' anasthetie agent;" one that prevents feeling,
as chloroform inhaled during a surgical opera-
tion.
ANiBSTHISIA, Insensibility.
ANAGAULIS, from ova and rai«, < milk,'
from its power of coagulating mUk. A. arven'-
ai»y A. Pktanit^'Bc^ Red Pitnfpemel, SearUt
Pimpernel, Nat. Ord, Primulacee. 8ex» Syet,
Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) M&uron range,
A common European plant; a reputed anti-
spasmodic and stomachic.
Another species — AnagaTHe omru'lea is a
mere variety of the above.
Anaoallis AquATiCA, Veronica Beccabonga.
ANAGAROALICTON, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism.
ANAGLYPHS, Calamus scriptorins.
ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
ANAG^YRIS, Anag'yrut, Ai^opon^ Anoff-
yria ft/tida, StinJHng Bean Trefoil, Native
of Italy. The leaves are powerfully pui^-
tive. The juice is said to be diui^tic, and the
seeds emetic. — Dioscorides, Paulus.
ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
ANAL, Amelia, That which refers to the
anus ;— as Anal region. Ice.
ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie ; from «r, priva-
tive, and cdJ'ttr, ' to grow.' Defective nntri-
tion.
ANALEMSIA, Analepsia.
ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
ANALEFSI A, Analep'sie, Analen'tia, Ana-
lem'eia, from «i«, ' fresh,' and l«^if«niv, * to
take.' Restoration to strength after disease^ —
Galen. A kind of sympathetic epilepsy, ori*
ginating from gastric disorder. S^ Epilepsy.
Also, the support given to a fractured extre-
mity;— il;)>^n'Wo. — Hippocrates.
ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio.
ANALEPTIC A, AnapsyifHea, Psychat^iea,
Refeeti'va, Rejieien'tia, Analejftiet, same ety-
mon. Restorative medicines or food ; such as
are adapted to recruit the strength during con-
valescence : — as sago, salep, tapioca, jelly, &c.
Aralsptic Pills, Jakks's, consist of Somes'*
Powder, Gum Ammoniaeum, and Pills of Alefs
and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Cas-
tor, sufficient to form a mass.
ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, priv., and
alY*»?9 * pain.' Absence of pain both in health
and disease. See Anaesthesn.
ANALGIA, Analgesia.
ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
ANALTHES, Incurable.
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum
coccnlus— a. Paniculata, Menispermum coc-
culus.
ANAMNESTIC, Anamnestieumfftookawm,
ANANAS
47
rANASTCEOHEIOfilS
<ag&]ii,'uid/if«o^Mti/ 1 remember/ A medicine
for in^roving tiie memory. See, also, Com-
memorative.
ANANAS, Bromelia ananas— a. Acoetae ova-
tae, &C., Bromelia ananas — a. Americana, Bro-
melia pingniii — a. Wild, broad-leaved, Brome-
lia pingnin.
ANANAZIPTA. A word formerly scrawled
on amulets to charm away disease.
ANANDRI'A,from «, Ar, privatire, aad ar^,
<a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in
the male. The state and act of emasculation.
AN ANEO^IS, lUn^a'tio; from ara/ again,'
and Moc, 'new.' Kenovation or renewal, — as
of the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym-
phatics.
ANAPETI'A, Expam'sio wiMftuuwty from
cv« , and nnmrn^ < I dikte.' A state opposite to
the closure of vessels. — Galen.
ANAPHALANTPASIS, AnaphaUn»9*ma,
from a»^93LArtia^^ * bald.' Loss of the hair of
the eyebrows. Also, baldness in general.
ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
ANAPHE, Anaphia.
ANAPH'IA, AnJkaph'iaf An'apkBy from a,
ov, priv., and '0917, * touch.' Diminution or pri-
vation of the sense of touch.
ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
AN APHONE'SIS, irom ava, ' high,' and ^«^,
' voice.' Exercise of the voice : vociferation :—
the act of crying out. V^eifera'tio, Clamor,
ANAPHORA, Anabole.
AN APHRODISl A, from a, priv., and A^^-
/iTij, « Yenus,' JDe/se^tiu Ven'trU, Absence of
the venereal appetite. Sometimes used for /«•-
poieue9 and Surilitf,
ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatnm.
AN AP'LASIS, Anapl09mu4,fnm «vaffMinw,
' I restore.' Confirma'tioj Rep9si"ti9. Resto-
ration. Union or consolidation of a fractured
bone. — Hippocrates.
ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasisv
ANAPLASTIC, Attapltu'tieus; same ety-
moo. An epithet applied to the art of restoring
lost parts, or the normal shape— as *AnaptasHe
Surgery.' See Morioplastice.
AN APLERO'SIS, from anrTriMow, * I fill up.'
Repletion. That part of surgical therapeutics
TOMS object is to supply parts that are want-
ing. Also, Apposition or Proatkesisy (q. v.)
ANAPLEROTICUS, Incamans.
ANAPLEU'SIS,i7«Mtf«a'i»0,/«wMto<e»o,from
atanUt^y ' to swim above.' The looseness or
dakiog of an exfoliated bone; or of a carious
or other tooth, &c.— Hippocrates, Pisulus.
ANAPLOSIS, Growth.
ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
ANAPNOB, Respiration.
ANAPNOfeNU'SI ; from Anapnoly < respira-
tion,' and 99ur9r9 * disease.' Diseases of the re-
spiratory organs.
ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer.
ANAPODISI8 UTERI, Retroversio Uteri.
ANAPODISMUS UTERI,RetroversioUteri.
ANAPODOPHYLLUM C ANADENSE, Po-
dophyllum peltatum.
ANAPOSIS, Am'ponsy from «ira, ' again,' and
vctf-ic, < drink.' A recession of humours from
the circumference to the centre of the body^
Hippocrates.
ANAPSE, Auante.
ANAPSIA, CsBcitas.
ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptiea.
ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
AN APTYXIS, Growth. •
ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avae«i}ynMciu^
< I break out again.' Fractnres are so called
when they become disunited; as well as ukers
when they break out afresh.
ANARRHI'NON, from av«, < inwards,' and
fly, <the nose.' That which returns by the
nose. — GornBUs.
According to others, that which issues by the
skin, from 4va, and «cvoc9 ' the skin.'
ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory.
ANARRHOE, Anarrhcea.
A^kli^tXL(E.'KAnar'rho'irAMar*rko'pia^n4u''
toHsyftom away < upwards,' and (»», 'I flow.'
Aflux of fluid towards the iqpper partof the body.
ANARRHOPHE, Absorption.
ANARRHOPHENU'SI; from AnarrkopkSy
'absorption,' and Mvro(, < disease.' Diseases
of the absorbents.
ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhcea.
ANARTHRUS, from «», priv., and a^^e*^
' a joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat,
that his joints are scarcely perceptible.^ — Hipp.
ANASAR'C A, from « va, < through,' and«-«^(,
* the flesh.' Anatorek% Catatar*ea, Aqua tn-
terctts sen inur eutom, Hypotar'eay Hydrops
cellula'ri* totiiu eor^poris, H» Ana$ar'cety H,
inter^eus seu suheuta^nsus sou c§Uulo'»u§y Kth-
teumr^ea, JSpisarcid*ium, Hy'dero*, HydaUm'"
eu8y Hydsron'eusy Hydrottfeus^ Hydro*ar*eay
Hydroder*may Hydrop'isis vera^ 8w^eit$s, P«-
lylprnfj^uoy Hypotardd^iusy L$uoophlogmaftiay
Qtneral dropsy y Dropsy of the eellular mo m^
hransy (F.) Anasarqus. Commonly, it be-
gins to manifest itself by swelling around the
ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of
the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab-
domen, thorax, and even the &ee, with paleness
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed
upon. Like dropsy in general, Anasarca may
be aetivo or passive ; and its treatment must be
regulated by the rules that are applicable to
general dropsy. At times, the imnptoms are
of an acute character, and the efiusion sudden,
constituting the Dermatoch^ysis, Hydrops Ana^
sar'ea aeu'tuSy (Eds'ma eal'idum, CE. aeu^tumy
(E. febri'U of some. See Hydrops.
AiTASAROA Htstb&icum, Ansthymiasls— «.
Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia, (Edema of the
Lungs — a. Serosa, PUegmatia dolens.
ANASARCHA, Anasarca.
ANASARQUE, Anasarca.
ANASISMUS, Concussion.
ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPADIAS, Epispadias, from atuy < up-
wards,' and o-rttw, < I draw.' One whose ure-
thra opens on the upper surface of the penis.
ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiasus.
ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'usy from avarroMo,
<I contract.' Retreteftio. Contraction, espe-
cially of the bowels. The condition is called
Anaspa'diay Anaspad'isisy and Anaspadis'mus.
— Hippocrates.
ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis.
I ANASSA, Bromelia ananas.
ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
ANASTASIS, Anarrhcea. Also, restoration
from sickness. Convalescence.
AN AST(ECH£I0^IS, from ova, < again,'and
A1IA8TOM08I8
A3YAZE8I8
oroix»i99y * element.' ReiUmenta'tto, Reso-
lution of a body or its parts into their elements.
— Galen.
AN ASTOMO'SIS, from «»«, « with,* and 4tf'
fiOf * a mouth.' Inoseula*tio seu Rtu'nio va$o*'
rumy Exanastomo'siMy Concur' sua ^ {V.)Aboueh^
mtnt» Oommonication between two vessels.
By considering the nerves to be channels, in
which a nervous fluid circulates, their commu-
nication likewise has been called Anastomoais,
By means of anastomoses, if the course of a fluid
be arrested in one vessel, it can proceed along
others.
Ahastomosis AifBuaisMATiCA, Telangiecta-
sia — a. Jacobson's; — see Petrosal ganglion.
ANASTOMOTICS, Anaafmoi'iea. Same
etymon. Certain medicines were formerly so
called, which were believed to be capable of
opening the mouths of vessels: — as aperients^
diuretics, &c.
AN ASTOMOT'ICFS MAGNUSv(RAMUS,)
(F.) Arthra eoUtUirala interna^ A. eoliaidraledu
eoudey is a branch of the brachial arterr which
comes off a littie above the elbow, and bestows
branches tothe brachialis internus, to the under
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, liga-
ments, &C., about the elbow joint. See, also.
Articular arteries of the knee.
ANASTROPHE UTERI, Inverno uteri.
ANATASIS, Extension.
ANATHYMIAMA, Anatiiymiasia.
ANATHYMI'ASIS, Afuuh^ttu'ama, from
0va, * upwards,' and dv^ o, < fumigatios.' OSde'^
mafugaXf (Eda'ma spas'tieum, CEde'mahyatar''
ieumy Amuar'ca kystanfieum. An uncertain
and transient swelling, said to have been ob-
served at times in nervous and hysterical per-
sons. It also means Exhalation, Fomigatioa,
and Hypochondriasis, (which see.)
ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see NaU.
ANATOME, Anatomy— a. Animata, Physi-
ology.
ANATOMIA, Anatomy— a. Animadis, Zo-
otomy — a. Comparata, Zootomy— «. Compara-
tiva, 2^tomy— «. Viva, Physiology.
ANATOMIE, Anatomy— a. CkimrgieaUj
see Anatomy — a. des Rsgiona^ see Anatomy.
ANAT'OMIST, Anatomficus. One who oc-
cupies himself ¥rith anatomy. One versed is
Anatomy.
ANAT'OMY, Anat'omEy Anatom'ia, Proaee'-
tioy from ttva, and rtuvtir, * to cut,* (F.) Anato-
mi$. The word Anatomy properly signifies dis-
section; but it has been appropriated to the study
and knowledge of the number, shape, situation,
structure, and connexion, — in a word, of all the
apparent properties of organized bodies. Ana-
tomy is the science of organization. Some have
given the term a still more extended accepta-
tion, applying it to every mechanical decom-
position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus,
Cryatallography has been termed the Anatomy
of crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also been
called Morphol'ogyy Somatol'ogy, Somatot'omy,
Organol'ogyy &c. It assumes different names
according as the study is confined to one orga-
nized being, or to a species or class of beings.
Thus, Androt'omyy or Anthropot'omy, or Anthro-
tomy of man: — Zo^omy^ that of the other spe-
cies of the animal kingdom : and Veterinary
Anat'omy is the anatomy of domestic animals:
but when the word is used abstractly, jt
meani human Anmtomyy and partieolarly the
study of the organs in a {diysiological or healthy
state. PhyeiologiccU Anatomy is occasionaUy
used to signify the kind of anatomy which in-
vestigates structure with a special view to Aioe-
tion. The Anatomy of the diseased human body
is called Fatholog^'teal or Morbid Anatautyy and
when applied to Medical Jurisprudence, Fo-
ren'sic Anatomy, Several of the organs possess-
ing a similarity of structure, and being formed
of the same tissues, they have been group^ into
Systems.or Genera of Organs; and me study of,
or acquaintance with, such systems, has been
called Gmural Anat'omy^ Histol'ogy, or Mor-
pkot'omMy whilst the study of each organ in par-
ticular W been termed Descriptive Anatomy.
Descriptive Anatomy has been divided into Ske-
letol'ogy which comprises Osteology y and Syn^
desmoVogy ; and into Sarcol'ogyy which ia sub-
divided into Myol'ogy, Neurol'ogy, AngioVogy,
Adenoi^ogy, Splanchnol'ogyy and Dermol*ogy,
Sur'gical Anat'omy ^ Medico'Ckirurgieal Anato-
myyfopograpkfical Afiat'omy, Re'gumat Anat'o-
my, (F.) Anatomie Chirurg%eale,A.desIUgiansy
is the particular and relative study of the bones,
muscles, nerves, vessels, &c., with which it is
indispensable to be acquainted before perform-
ing operations. Compar'ative Aftat'omy is the
comparative study of each organ, with a view
t» an acquaintance with the modifications of
its strvctnre in diflbrent animals or in the dif-
ferent classes of animals. Transeendent'al or
FkUosopk'ieal Anatomy inquires into the mode,
plauy or model upon which the animal frame or
organs are formed; and Artifi'dal Anat'omy is
the art of modelling and representing in wax or
other substance, £e different organs or diffe-
rent parts of the human body, in the sound or
diseased state. Phytot'omy is the anatomy of
vegetables.
Anatomt, Artificial, see Anatomy — a.
Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy— a. De-
scriptive, see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see Ana-
tomy—a. Gieneral, see Anatomy — a. Human,
see Anatomy — a. of Man, see Anatomy — a.
Medico-chirurgical, see Anatomy— a. Morbid,
see Anatom^r—a. Pathological, see Anatomy —
a. I^osopmcal, see Anatomy— a. Ph^ologi-
cal, see AnatiMny— a. Practical, see Dusection
— a. Regional, see Anatomy— a. Surgical, see
Anatomy — a. Topographical, see Anatomy — a.
Transcendental, see Anatomy — a. Veterinary,
see Anatomy.
ANATON, Soda.
ANATREPSIS, Restanratio.
ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning.
ANATRIBE, Friction.
ANATRIPSIS, Friction.
ANATRIPSOLOGY, Anatripsolog^ia, Ana-
triptolog"ia,fTcma9'ar(ft^fif, * friction,' and ioyoey
* a discourse.' A treatise on friction as a re-
medy.
ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
ANATRON, Natrum, Soda.
ANAT'ROPE, from <»«, 'upwards,' and
T{ff7Tfli, < I turn.' A subversion, A turning or
subversion or inverted action of the stomach,
characterized by nausea, vomiting, &c. — Galen.
pog'rapky, or Anthroposomatot'ogy, is the Ana^W^ vtill speak of the stomach turning against
any thing.
AN AUDI A, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa.
ANAZESIS, Ebullition.
ANAZOTURU
49
ANBG£RT1CE
AKAZOTURIA, see Urine.
A^iCHA, Haimch.
ANCHILOPSy ^gilops.
ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Concoid.
ANCHU'SA OFFICINALIS, Alea'na, Lin-
gua Bovisy Bugios'sum syUes'trty OJW*inal or
Gardm Al'kanet or Bugloss ; Nat, Ord, Boragi*
neiF. Sex, Sytt, Pentandria If oDogjnia. (F.)
BugloM, A native of Great Britain. The herb
ms formerly esteemed as a cordial in melan-
cholia and hypochondriasis ; but it is now rarely
osed. It is also called Bugios'sa, Bugloa'snm
UHgHstifo'Uum majtUy B, vulga'rl majusy B,
AiiCHu'sA TiROTo'aiA, AUan'no spu'iia, Df-
er't BugUsSfAne'HumyBugloyswii Tinet&rumy
Utkotftr'mmm viUo'nim, Jeer's Al'ianet, (F.)
Oreamette, A European plant. The medical
properties are equivocal. It is used to give a
bcantif ol red colcnir to ointments.
ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
ANCISTRON, Hamolos.
ANCOUB, Aquilegia vulgaris.
ANCOiV, Elbow, Olecranon.
ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
ANCONM, Anconeus.
ANCONE'US, from ay»»r, « the elbow.* A
term once appli^ to every muscle attached to
the olecianon. Winslow distinguished four:
—the great J e^gtemal, internal f and small; the
fint three being portions of the same muscle,
the triceps braekialis. The last has, alone, re-
tained the name. It is the Antone'us minor of
Wioslow, the Ancone'us vel Cuhita'lis Riola'ni
of Douglass, the Epieondflo-CuHta^lis of Chaus-
sier, the Brevi* Cu'biti, (F.) Aneond^ and is si-
tuate at the upper and back part of the fore-arm.
It arises from the external condyle of the os
bnmeri, and is inserted into the posterior edge
of the opper third of the ulna. Its use is to aid
ia the eztensi<m of the fore-arm.
Ahconsits Exterrus, see Triceps extensor
nibiti— a. Intemus, see Trioeps extensor cubiti
—a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
ANCTE'RES. Fibttla or Clasps, by which
the lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
— Celsos, Galen.
ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
AliCTT'BITUS, Petrifae'tio, An affection 6i
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand
were irritating the organ.
AKCUN N UEN TM . A name formerly given
to females during menstruation.
Ai*9CUS, Ankus, from arxwy 'the elbow.'
One who cannot extend his arms completely.
Also the deformity resulting from a luxation
of the famnerus or fore-arm. — ^Hippocrates.
ANCTLE, Ankylosis.
ANCYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblej^iaron.
ANCYLODERE, Torticollis.
ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis.
ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia.
ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia.
ANCYLOMELE, Ankylomele.
ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
ANCYRA, Hook.
ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity.
ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
ANDA. A tree of Brazil ;—i4«J« Gomtfsit,
^•wndsia prineeps. Nat, Ord. Euphorbiaceap.
Stz,Syst, Moncecia Monadelphia. An oil is
obtdned from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60
drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is
an oval nut, containing two seeds. These have
the taste of the chestnut; but are strongly ca-
thartic, and even emetic. The shell is astrin-
gent, and used as such in diarrhoea, &c.
ANDELY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Andely is in France, near Gysore, and eight
leagues from Rouen. The water is cold, and a
weak chalybeate. It is used in chlorosis and
abdominal obstructions.
ANDERSON'S PILLS, Pilul© Aloes et Jar
lape.
ANDIRA INERMIS, Oeoffima inermis— «.
Snrinamensis, Geoflhea Surinamensis.
ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tecto-
rum«
ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portnlaca.
ANJ>KAfJ ATOM'IA, Andranat'omi, Andro-
tomfiay Androt*omif Anthropot'omy, from avufQ^
genitive ar^o^, < a man,' and Tf^vatr, ' to cut.*
The anatomy of man.
ANDRI'A. Adult age, Manhood.
Aitdri'a Mu'lisr, Mttflier Hermapkredit^iea*
A female hermaphrodite.
ANDROGEN'IA, from avijc, ^BHm,' and
rtyi<7i (y < generation.' The procreation of males.
— Hippocrates.
ANDROG'TNUS, fromai^p, «a num,' and
ywriy * a woman.' An herma^irodite. An ef-
feminate person. — Hippocrates.
ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania.
ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree,
Sour Tree, Sour Woody EU Tree, Elk Woody
Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (Y .} Andromddier. A
small indigenous tree; Nat, Ord, Ericeae, Ser,
Spst, Decandria Monogvnia; found in the Alle-
ghany Mountains and tne hills and valleys di-
vergmg from them, as far as the southern limits
of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north of
Virginia. The leaves are refrigerant and astrin-
gent, and have been used to n»ke a kind of le-
monade, which has been given in fevers.
Andsom^eda Mabia'na, Broad-leaved Moor-
wrt, A decoction of this American plant is
said to have been successfully employed as a
wash, in a disagreeable affection, — ^not uncom-
mon amongst the slaves in the southern parts
of the United States,— called the Toe Itehy and
Ground Iteh. — Barton.
ANDROPOGON SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus
odoratus^a. Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus,
Nardus Indica.
ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus— a. Mat-
thioli. Umbilicus marinus.
ANDROS^MUM, Hypericum perforatum.
ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
ANDRUM. An East India word, Latinized
by Kaempfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis
of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
ANlANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium ex-
tiw/tio. This word is often employed hyper-
bolically, by patients in France, to signify ex-
cessive fatigue, debility or syncope.
ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria.
ANEBUS, Impuber.
ANECPYE'TuS, from ar, for art©, <with-
i|ut,' and nvw, ' I promote suppuration.' That
which does not Suppurate, or is not likely to
suppurate.
ANEGER'TICE, from awy«ip», < I awaken.'
The^irt of resuscitating the apparently dead.
ANEILEMA
M
ANEURISM
ANEILE^MA, Aneil/sisy from artiZtoAaif 'to
be rolled upwards.' Applied particularly to the
motion of air in the intestines and the tormina
accompanying it.— Hippocrates.
ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
ANEMIA, Anaemia.
ANEMCNE. The Wind Flower: from art-
fAOiy * the wind/ because it does not, open its
flowers till blown upon by the wind.
ANEMONE DBS BOIS, Anemone nemo-
rosa.
Areko'r? UMVAT^iCA^Hepaifiea nob'tliSfHer"
ba Trtnita'tisy Hepai'ica or Herb Trinity, He-
pat'icut Flos, Trifo'lium Bepat'icum, Arum'-
ony. The plant is a mild astringent and tonic.
Dose ^ of the powder. It may be given in in-
fusion.
Ankmo'nr NsMo&o'SAy Ranun'eulut albus.
Wood atfm'ony, (F.) Anemons d€s bois. The
herb and flowers are poisonous, acrid, and cor-
rosive. They have been used as rube&cients.
AMEMo'iii pRATEninSfFulsaHl'lani'grieans,
This plant has similar properties with the last.
It is also called Meadow Anemany, (F.) Fulea-
title noire, P, dee pr6s.
Arsho'm K PuLSATiLL'LA, Pulsotil'la vulga'-
rie,Herba venti*yNola eulinariOfPasqueJiower,
(F.) Coquelourde, possesses like properties.
ANEMON Y, Anemone hepatic*-*. Meadow,
Anemone pratensis — a. Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
ANEMOS, Wind.
ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus.
ANENCEFHALOTROFBIE, from at pri-
vative; a/xc^a/lo?, 'the encephalon,' and TQoipii,
* nourishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon.
ANENCEPH'ALUS, from « privative, aad
c/Kffif a2oc, < brain.' A monster devoid of brain.
— Bonetus. 6. St. Uilaire. Also one that has
a part only of the brain ; — Faraceph'alue. The
condition has been called Anetieephal'ia. A
weak, silly person. — Hippocrates.
AiNENERGESIA, DebiUty.
ANENERGIA, DebiUty.
ANENTERONERVIA, Colic.
ANEPISCHESI3, Incontinentia.
ANEPITHYM'IA, from a priv., and tmi^V'
fiia, ' desire.' Many nosolo^ists have used this
word for a loss of the appetites, as of those of
hunger, thirst, venery, &c.
Anepitutkia Cblobosis, Chlorosis.
ANER, a*ijQ, genitive o^S^qq. A man.
ANERETHIS'IA, InirritabiVitas, from «
priv., and %Q%9i(Hi, * irritebility .' Defect of ir-
ritability. — Swediaur.
ANESIS, Remission.
ANESTHASIE, Anaesthesia.
ANESTHiSIE EXTATIQUE. The ag-
gregate of phenomena of impaired feeling pro-
duced especially by the manipulations of the
animal magnetizer. — Andral.
ANESTHETIC, Anassthetic.
ANESTMTIQUE, AnsBsthetic.
ANESON, Anethum.
ANESUM, Pimpinellaanisum.
ANET, Anethum.
ANETHy Anethum graveolens.
ANE'THUM, Ane'son, Ane'ton, Ans'thum
Femie'ulum, Fmnic'ulum, F. vulgt^rB, F. Dftlei,
lAgu^tieumfiB!Mulwm, Fan' eUnm, Fennel o^
Finekle, Ma/athrwn, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (F.)
Fenovil ott Anis doum. Nat. Ord, Umbellifers.
Sex, Syet, Pentandria Digynia. The seeds, Fa-
ni^ulum, (Ph. U. S.) have an aromatic odour,
and wann sweetish tute. They are earmina*
tive. The oil — Oleum Fitni^uli — is officinal
in the Ph. U. S. The root is said to be pecto-
ral and diuretic.
Anethum F(biiicvlum, Anethum.
Ame'thum Graveolens, Anethnm^ A. kor-
ten'si. Dill, (F.) Anetk, Fenouil puant, A na-
tive of the south of Europe. Tho seeds are sti-
mulant and carminative. Dose, gr. zv to 3j.
Oleum Ane'thi,Oil of Dill,(F.)HtUled'AnstA,
possesses the carminative propertiea of the plant.
ANETICUS, Anodyne.
ANETON, Anethum.
ANETUS, Intermittent fever— «. Quartanns,
Quartan — a. Qootidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
nus, Tertian fever.
AN'EURISM, Aneury^ma, Aneury/mne,
Aneurie'ma, Cedma, from attvgvteir, ' to dilate
or distend.' Dilata'tto Arteria'rum, Eeta'Ha^
Emioris'ma, Exangi'a aneuri^ma, Arterieu-
rye'ma, Artereurye'ma, Htmnatoee'le arterio'ea,
Abeees'sut epirituo'sne, Arteriee'ttuis,(¥.^Anev
ryeme, Aneuryeme. Properly, Aneurism sig-
nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an
artery; but it has been extended to various le-
sions of arteries, as well aa to dilatations of the
heart.
There are various kinds of aneurism. The
following are the chief.
I. When the blood, which forms the tumonr,
is enclosed within the dilated coats of the arte'>
ry. This is the true aneurism, Aneurys'ma vc-
rum. Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) An^ryeme vrax.
II. When the blood has escaped from the
opened artery, it is called spurious or false an-
eurism, Ancuris'ma spu'rium, Rupti^ra Arte'-
riiByArteriorrhex'is , Arte riodiaCysis, Eechymo' -
ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anivrysme faux. The
latter is divided into three varieties.
1. The diffused false aneurism, <F.) Anir^
rysme faux, primitif, diffus, nondreonserit ou
par injUtration, which occurs immediately after
the division or rupture of an artery, and consists
of an extravasation of blood into the cellular
texture of the part.
2. The eireumseribed false aneurism, (F.) A.
faux eonsieutif, eireonserit oo par ipanekement,
eniysti ou saceiforme, tumeur himorrhagiale
eireonseriu, in which the blood issues from th^
vessel some time after the receipt of the wound,
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring cel-
lular membrane.
3. The An'eurism by Antutomo' sis, or Var*-
icose An'eurism, FhlebarteriodioTysis, Anett-
ryifma veno^so-arterio'sum, A.varieo'sum,{T.)
Anivrysme par anastomose ou variqueux, A . par
erosion. A, de Pott, A. des plus petites arth^s,
which arises from the simultaneous wounding of
an artery and vein; — ^the arterial blood passing
into the vein, and producing a varicose state of it .
III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) An^rysme mixte,
is that which arises from the dilatation of one
or two of the coats, with division or rupture of
the other. Some authors have made two va-
rieties of this.
) . Mixed erterfial Aneurism, where the inter-
nal and middle coats are ruptured, and the cel-
lular is dilated.
S. Mixed intemM Aneurism, in which the
internal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a
hernial sac, through the ruptured middle and
outer coats. This variety has been called Aneu-
rys'ma Her'niam Arte'ries sistens.
ANBUBI8MAL
SI
ANGEIOLOGY
AnevismB baye been likewise termed trau^
matte and spanta'neausf according as they oia^
have been caused by a wound, or have origi-
nated spontaneously. They have also been di-
vided into iniemal and exUrtuU.
The iftiemal aneurisms are situate in the
great splanchnic cavities, and occnr in the
heart and great vessels of the chest, abdomen,
&c Their diagnosis is difficult, and they are
often inaccessible to surgical treatment.
The external aneurisms are sitoate at the
exterior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are
distinctly pulsatory.
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be
combated by a debilitant treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood-
letting, witk food enough merely to support
life. In external aneurism, the artery can be
obliterated. This is usually done by applying
a ligature above the aneurismal tumour.
Ajckubism, Disskctino, is one in which, ow-
ing to rupture of the inner and middle coats of
an artery, tike blood makes itself a channel be-
tween th»e coats and the outer coet.
In many cases, the lesion appears to consist
in a separation of the lamina of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
AirauaiSMs otths Heart, Carditm^eki, Car-
dieurye'ma^ (F.) Anivrysmes du eesur, have
been divided into oeHve and passive. The for-
mer can scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as
they most commonly consist of increased thick-
ness of the parietes of the heart, which dimi-
nishes its cavity instead of increasing it. The
term Hypertrophy of the heart, (q. v.) better
indicates their character. . Paesive aneurism,
Cardiee^asisy on the contrary, is attended with
extenuation of the parietes of the organ, and
enlargement of the cavities. The physical signs
of dilatation of the heart are the following: —
The action of the heart is not visible, and no
impulse is conveyed to the hand* On percus-
sion, there is a loss of resonance over a larger
sor&ce than usual, but the dulness is much less
intense than that which accompanies hypertro-
phy. On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightly felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power. The
impulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are
widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not
moch fiunter at a distance from their point of
origin.
Partial or true aneurism of the heart — Car^
die4ftasis partia^lis, Aneurys*ma eonsseuti'vuen
cordis, is sometimes seen, — ^rarely, however.
The name Aneurism of the Valves of the heart
has been given to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
AmsuaisK bt Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a. External, see Aneurism— a. False, see Aneu-
rism—a. False, circumscribed, see Aneurism —
a. False, difiused, see Aneurism— a. Internal,
tee Aneurism — a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a.
Mixed, external, see Aneurism— a. Mixed, in-
ternal, see Aneurism— a. Spontaneous, see Aneu-
rism — a. Spurious, see Aneurism — a. Trau-
matic, see Aneurism — a. True, see Aneurism
—a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneuris-
met'ie, Aneurysmat*ieus, Aneurisma*lie* That
whidi belongs to Aneurism.
AinnniisMAL Sac or Cyst, (F.) S<»e ou KysU
anivrysmali is a sort of pouch, formed by the
.dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con-
tained.
ANEURISMATIC, Aneimsmal.
ANEURTSM, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Herniam ar-
teriae sistens, see Aneurism— a. Spurium, see
Aneurism — a. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Ve-
noso-arteriosum, see Anenrismr— a. Verum> see
Aneurism.
ANEURYSME, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
ANAVRYSME, Aneurism— a. de l^Aorte,
Aorteurysma — a. Cireonserit, see Aneurism —
a. de Pott, see Aneurism — a. dee Plus petites
artires, see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism
— a, Enlystty see Aneurism — a. Faux, see
Aneurism — a. Faiux eonsieutif, see Aneurism
— a. Mixte, see Aneurism — a. par Anastomose,
see Aneurism— a. par Apcmehement, see Aneu-
rism — a. par £rosion, see Aneurism— o. par In*
Jlltration,aee Aneurism — a. Primitif,aee Aneu-
rism — a. Sacciforme, see Aneurism — a, Vari'
queux, see Aneurism — a. Vrai, see Aneurism*
ANFION, Maslach.
ANFRA C TU0SIT&3 CiRABRALES,
Anfractuositiss, cerebral — a, Ethmoldalea, see
Anfra^tuosity.
ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfra4ltus, Gyrus,
from am, * around,' and ff angers, frctetum, * to
break.' A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy
to signify sinuous depressions or sulci, of great-
er or less depth, like those which separate the
convolutions of the brain from each other.
These
Arfbaotuositibs, Cerbbbal, Anfrae'tus
Csr'ehri, Gyri Cerebri, Intestin'ula Cer'ebri,
(F.) Anfraetuositks Cirtbrales, are always nar-
row, and deeper at the upper surface of the
brain than at its base; and are lined by a pro-
longation ai the pia mater.
The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called
Anfraetuositfs ethmoldales.
ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity— a. Cerebri,
Anfractuosities (cerebral.)
AiNGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIAL, Vascular.
AN6EIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis.
ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiog'raphy, Angei-
ograph'ia, from Ayyuot, <a vessel,' and r^ee^q,
< a description.' The anatomy of the vessels.
ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog^
raphy, Angeiondro^raphy, Angetohydrogre^^
phia, Hydrangiograph'ia, from «yyff loi^, 'a ves-
sel,' *v/oic, < water,' and r{«f », ^ I describe.' A
treatise on the lymphatics.
A^GKIOKYDROTOUY, Angiohydrot'omy,
Angeiondrotfomy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran"
giotom'ia, from axyiisv, ' a vessel,' 'vitag, < wa-
ter,' and Tt^rair, ^to cut.' Dissection of the
lymphatics.
ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuei'Hs, Lym-
phangei'tis, Lymphangitis, Lymphangioi'tis,
Hydrangei'tis, I^mphi'tis, Lymphiati'tis, In-
flamma'tio vaso'mm lymph<aieo' rum, from «y-
ynBf, *a vessel,' xfvjrep, 'white,* and tti«, in-
flammation. (F.) Inflammation des vaisssaux
lymphatiques ou des tissus blanes. Inflamma-
tion of the lymphatics : lymphatic or scrofulous
inflammation.
ANGEIOL'OGY, AngioVogy, Angeiolog^'ia,
iiom ayyuw, ' a vessel,' and \«r»«, < a discourse.'
ANGfilOMALACIA
G9
ANGINA
A diflcoune on the resselt. The anatomy of
the vesaeU. It includes Artariotogy^ I^hleboF'
ogyt and AngeiokydroVogy.
ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomalc/eia; from
ayyiuvy <a vessel/ &i>d /taXAxta, ,< softening.'
MoUescence or softening of vessels.
ANGEIOMYCES, Hcmatodes Amgus.
ANGEION, Vessel.
ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogr*.
phy.
ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIOP ATHI' A, Angiopathi'a, AngtionT^
otuSf Angeionvfsus, Angio'ai9y from ayy«i«v, * a
vessel/ and nr«dof , < a disease.' Disease of the
Vessels.
ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha.
ANGEIORRHAGIA, Hamiorrhagia activa.
ANGEIORRHCE'A, (F.) AngeiorrkSe; from
oyytiov, ' a vessel/ and {■«», *l flow.' Passive
hemorrhage.
ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis.
AN6EI0STEGN0S1S, Angiemphraxis.
ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Aiigiosto'ns, from «y-
yicoy, <a vessel/ and •rxKoo-ic, ^ossification.'
Ossification of vessels.
ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
ANGEIOT'OMY, Angiotfomy^ Angeiotom'ta,
from oyyf to>, < a vessel/ and Tf^vscy, 'to cut.'
Dissection of the vessels,
ANGEFTIS, Angii'tu, Angiai'tis, Injiam'
me^tio voBo'rufiiy (F.) AngHte, Inflammation
of vessels in general.
ANGEL'ICA, Angelica Arehangsfiea, A,
Hispa'na, Garden Angelica, (F.) Angilique,
Raeine de Saint Esprit, So called from its
supposed angelic virtues. Nat. Ord. Umbelli-
fere. Sex. Syet. Pentandria Digynia. Native
of Lapland. The roots, stalk, leaves, and seed
are aromatic and carminative. A sweetmeat
is made of the root, which is agreeable.
AnoEL'iCA ATROPtrapu'REA, Angelica (Ph.
U. S.), Maeterwort. An indigenous species,
growing over the whole of the United States,
and admitted into the secondary list of the Phar-
macopoeia of the United States. Virtues, same
as those of the Angelica of Europe.
Anoel'ica Sylves'tris, a. sati'vGy Wild An-
gel'iea, (F.) Angiliqne sauvage. Possesses si-
milar properties to the last, but in an inferior
degree. The seeds, powdered and put into the
hair, are used to destroy lice.
^ Angelica Stt.vbstris, Ligusticum podagra-
ria — a. Tree, Aralia spinosa.
ANGEU'N^ CORTEX. The bark of a
Grenada tree, which has been recommended as
anthelmintic and cathartic.
ANGALIQXTEf Angelica—^. Sanvage, An-
gelica sylvestris.
ANGELOC ACOS, Myrobalanu^.
ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia.
ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Hematodes fungus.
ANGIEMPHRAXIS, Angemphraa^is, An-
geiotteno^sis, Angeioetegno'eisy from oyyitsv, ' a
vessel,' and e/K^^agic, ' obstruction.' Obstruc-
tion of vessels.
ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix.
ANGIEC'TASIS,iln5'«wcfa'na,il«^cta'*w»,
Angieury»*may from ayyiov, <a vessel/ and
f xrarir , < dilatation.' Any dilatation of vessels.
— Griife and Alibert. Telangiectasia, (q. v.)
ANGIEURTSMA, Angiectasis.
ANGirTEf Inflammation, Angeitis.
ANGIITIS, Angeitis.
ANGPNA, Febris Angino'sa, Isthmi'tis,
Quinsey or Sore Throat; from angere, * to suf-
focate.' Inflanunation of the supra-diaphrag-
matic portion of the alimentary canal, and of
the air passages. The Latin writers applied
the term to every disease in "v^ch deglutition
or respiration, separately or united, was effected,
provided that such affection was above the sto-
mach and lungs.— -Boerhaave speaks of the an-
gina of the moribund, which is nothing more
tiian the dysphagia or diflicult deglutition pre-
ceding death. See Cynanche.
Angina Aphthosa, Aphtha — a. Aqnosa,
(Edema of the glottis — a. Bronchialis, Bron-
chitis — a. Canina, Cynanche tracheadis — a.
Cordis, Angina pectoris — a. cum Tumore, Cy-
nanche tonsillaris — a. Epidemics, Cynanche
maligna— a. Epiglottidea, Epiglottitis— a. Ery-
sipelatosa, Erythranche — a. Exudatoria, Cy-
nanche trachealis— a. Externa, Cynanche paro-
tidsa— a. Faucium, Isthmitis— a. Faucium Ma-
ligna, Cynanche maligna— a. Gangnenosa, Cy-
nanche maligna— a. Humida, Cynanche tra-
chealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynanche, Cynanche
trachealis— a. Laiyngea, Laryngitis— a. Laryn-
gea CEdematosa, (Edema of the glottis— a. Lin-
guaria. Glossitis — a. Maligna, Angina pellicn-
laris, Cynanche maligna. Pharyngitis, ciipfathe-
ritic— a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidsa — a.
Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. Mitb,
Isthmitis.
Anoi'na Nasa'lis, Naai'tis poeti'ea. An in-
flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei-
derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza^
(q. V.)
Anoi'na (Edemato'sa, (F.) Angine adima-
teuse, (Edhne ' de la Glotte, An cedematous
swelling of the glottis ; the effect of chronic
cynanche laryngea. See (Edema of the Glottis.
Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis— a. Paralyti*
ca, Pharyngoplegia— a. Parotidsa Externa, Cy-
nanche parotidca.
AnoI'na Pec'toris, a. cordis, Stemal'gia,
Asthma spas'tico-arthrit'ieum ineon'stans, Astk"
ma diaphragmeU^ieum, Arthri'tis diaphragma-
tica, Orthopna'a cardi'aea, Stemodyn'ia syn»
eop'tiea et pal'pitans, S. syneopa'lis, Cardiog*'
mus cordis sinis'triyAstheni'apeetora'lisyAngor
pee'toris, Stenoear'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout.
Asthma eonvulsi'vum,Asthma arthrit*ieum,Car'
dioneural'gia, Neural'gia hrachiothorae"iea,
Hypermsthe'sia plexus cardi*aei, A. dolorif-
icum, Syn*eopi angino*sa seu angens, Cardiod'-
yni spasmod'ica intermit'tens, Pnigopho'bia,
Prunel'la, Suspir'ium cardi'tteum, Pnewnonai''
gia, Suff'oeative Breast-pang, (F.) Angine de
Poitrine, Nevrose du Caur. A disease, the
precise pathology of which is not known. The
principal symptoms are, violent pain about the
stemimi, extending towards the arms; anxiety,
dyspnoea, and sense of suflbcation. It is an af-
fection of great danger, and is often connected
with ossification, or other morbid affection of
the heart. It appears to be neuropathic, and
has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart. Some,
however, employ this last term for an acutely
painfiil intermittent affection of the heart,
ANQtJtE GDTTURALE
53
ANGLB
width Memi to diifer from angina pectoris
more in regard to the small number of parts
which are drawn into morbid consent with the
affected cardiac nerves, than in regard either to
its nature or appropriate treatment. The most
powerful stimulating and narcotic antispssmo-
dies are required during the paroxysm.
ri'tis (q. v.) of the throat. A name given to
those inflammations about the throat, in which
exudations or false membranes are thrown out,
during the phlogosis of the mucous membranes.
Aphthtgy Traekeitisy when accompanied with
the membraniform exudation, are, with some,
examples of diphtheritic inflammation.
Alt oiMA PxaniciosA, Cynsnche trachealis—
a. Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a.
Polypota, Cynanche tzachealis — a. Pol^poaa
sea membrsjiacea, Cynanche trachealis— a.
Psendo-membranosa, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic
—a. Pulpoca, Cynanche trachealis— a. Sangui-
nea, Cynanche tonsillaris.
Ahoih A Sicca, (F.) Angine theh€, is a chro-
nic inflammation of the pharynx, with a dis-
tressing sense of dryness and heat» in chronic
diseases of the stomach and lungs. See Psb-
danchone.
Amoih A Simplex, Isthmitis.
Angina SQinaao'aA,(F.) Angine squirreuss^
consists in difficulty of deglutition, caused by
scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or
«Bsophagas, or by enlarged tonsils.
Anowa STaANO]JX.AToaiA, Cynanche trache-
alis— «. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Sufibcatoria, Cynanche trachealis^-a. S^o-
cfaalis, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea,
Thyreoitis — a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris
—a. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis— a. Ulce-
rosa, Cynanche maligna-— a. Uvnlaris, Staphy-
liedema, Uvulitis — a. Yeta et Legitima, Cy-
nanche tonsillaris.
ANGINE GVTTITRALE, Cynanche ton-
stllaris-^a. Laryngiey Laryngitis — a. Laryngie
m traehsaUy Cynanche trachealis — 0. LaryngU
rnddwuttouBSf (Edema of the glottis—^. (Etopket^
gimm^y (Esophagitis — 0. Pkarfngesy Cynanche
parotidaea — a. de Poitrinsy Angina pectoris— «.
SedkSy Angina sicca — a. Simple^ Isthmitis — a.
SfuirfusBy Ansina Squirrosa — a. TonnUairey
Cynanche tonsillaris.
ANGINEtrX, Anginon.
ANGINCSA, (F.) Anginsux. That which
is accompanied with angina; as ScarlaU'na an-
gino'sa,
AN6I0C ARDFTIS, from oyYtiOPy «a vessel,'
end eardiiisy * inflammation of the heart.' In-
flsmmation of the heart and great vessels.
ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography.
ANGIOHAMIEy Hypenemia.
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phy.
ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
ANGIOITIS, Angeitis.
ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeiolencitis.
ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
ANGIOMYCES, HsBmatodes fungus.
ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGIONTJSn^ Angei<mathia.
ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
ANGIOPYRA, Synocha.
ANGIO^IS> from myv^^^t '« vessel.' An-
gno^sis, AngBiopatH'my (q. v.) Under this term
Alibert includes every disease of the blood ves-
sels.
ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostoeis.
• ANGIOSTROPHE, See Torsion.
ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
ANGIOTEN'IC, Angeioten'icy Angioten't-
eus sen Angeioten'icusy from «/x*<"*') '^ v®^*
sel,^ and Tftvccr, <to extend.' An epithet given
to inflammatory fever, owing to its action
seeming to be chiefly exerted on the vascular
system.
ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy.
JM^GL&y An'gulu9y from m/xvIo^, *a hook.'
The space between two lines which meet in a
point.
Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is
formed by the union of two lines, one of which
is drawn from the most prominent part of the
forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth, and the other from
the meatus auditorios extemus to the same
point of the jaw. According to the size of the anr
gle it has been attempted to appreciate the respec-
tive proportions of the cranium and face, and, to
a certain extent, the degree of intelligence of
individuals and of animals. In the white va-
rieties of the species, this angle is generally
80^ ; in the negro not more than 70^, and soooe-
times only 65®. As we descend the scale of
animals, tne angle becomes less and less; un-
til, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears.
Animals which have the snout long, and fecial
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork,
&c., are proverbially foolish, at least they are
so esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascriM to
those in which the angle is more largely deve-
loped, as the elephant and the owl. In these
last animals, however, the large facial angle is
caused by the size of the frontal sinuses: — so
that this mode of appreciating the size of the
brain is very inexact, and cannot be depended
upon.
The following is a table of the angle in man
and certain animals :
FACIAL ANGLES.
Man firom 65<» to Po°
Sspajon ....... 0.^
Orsng-Utsaff 56to5S
Gocnon 57
Mandrill 90 to 43
CoatI B5
Pnie-eat ...... 31
Mmi!?. ".'.'.'.".*.' J?
Hare 30
Ram * - ao
Horas S3
An OLE, Occipital, of Datjbentoh, is formed
by a line drawn from the posterior margin of
the foramen magnum to the inferior margin of
the orbit, and another drawn from the top of
the head to the space between the occipital
condyles. In man, these condyles, as well as the
foramen magnum, are so situate, that a line
drawn^ perpendicular to them would be a con-
tinuation of the spine; but in animals they are
placed more or less obliquely; and the perpen-
dicular is necessarily thrown farther forward,
and the angle rendered more acute.
AifOLE, Optic, (F.) Angle optijKff is the
angle formed by two lines, which shave the
extremities of an object, and meet at the centre
of the pupil.
ANQOISSE
M
ANIMAL
ANOOISSE, Angor.
ANGOLAM. A very tall MalaVar tree,
which possesses yermifuge properties.
AN'GONfi, Prcefoea'tio Fau'ciwm sett Vteri'-
na seu Matri'eit, Strangula'Ho tUeri'na, Suffo-
ea'tio uteri'na seu hfste/tea, Globus hyater't-
eus, Ortkopna'a hyater'iea^ Dyspha'gia giobo'-
sa, D. hyster'iea. Nervous Quins&y. A feeting
of stTEDgulation, with dread of suffocation. It
is common in hysterical females, and is accom-
panied with a sensation as if a ball arose from
the abdomen to the throat.
ANGOR, Anguish^ (F.) Angoisxe, Extreme
anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction
at the epigastriimi, and often with palpitation
and oppression. It is frequently an unfavoura-
ble symptom.
Angor, Agony, Orthopnea — a. Faueium,
Isthmitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris,
ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel.
ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus.
ANGUIS, Serpent.
ANGUISH, Angor.
Anguish, Febrile, Angor Pehri'lis. The
combination oi weariness, pain, anxiety, and
weakness affecting the head and neck, which
is so generally observed at the commencement
of fever.
ANGVLAIRE DE VOMOPLATE, Le-
vator scapuliB.
AN'GULAR, Anguii/ris, from angulus,
< an angle,' (F.) AnguitUre. That which re-
lates to an angle.
Angular Artery and Vein. A name given,
1 . to the termination of the facial artery and
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of
the eye ; and, 2. to the fecial artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle
of the jaw. See Facial.
Angular Nerve is a filament fhmished by
the inferior maxillary, which passes near tlie
greater angle of the eye.
Angular Processes of the frontal bone are
seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar.
ANGULARIS, Levator scapule.
ANGUUSCAPVLO'HUMlRAL, Teres
major.
ANGULUS OCULARIS, Canthus.
AN6URIA, Cucurbita citrullus.
ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Sys-
tole—a. Intestini recti vel ani. Stricture of the
rectum.
ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tioy Stenoeho'ria.
Anxiety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
Angustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a.
Perinralis, Pelvis (Outlet.)
ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifuga— a. Spu-
ria, Brucea antidysenterica.
ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE^ Brucea antidy-
senterica — a. Ferrnginsfiss, ^ucea anti-dysen-
terica — «. Vrais, Cusparia febrifuga.
ANHiCMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Ansmia.
ANHifiMIA, Anemia.
ANHAPHIA, Anaphia.
ANHELA'TIO, from anksio, * I pant.' An-
hsl'itus. Atu'^usy Panting f AnksUiion, (F.)
Essou/ismsTU. Short and rapid breathing. See
Byspnopa.
Anhelatio is sometimes employed synooy-
mously with asthma.
ANHELITUS, Breath.
ANHIS'TOUS, from a, ay, privatiTe, and
'irr««9 * organic texture/ ' ssnargi
jskus. The tunica decidua uttri k teimed by
Velpeau the ankistous membrane.
ANHUIBA, Laurus sassafras.
ANICE'TON, Aniee'tum, Mesu/mum, from
«t, privative, and rtxtjy « victory,' « invincible.' A
plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases
of achores. It was formed of litharge, cemsse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil
ANFDEUS, from At, privative, and udot,
'shape.' Amorpkus, A monster devoid of shape.
—J. G. St. Hilaire.
ANIDRO^IS, from «, privative, and Uifvt,
* sweat.' Sudo^ris nul'iitas vel privet tio. Ab-
sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration. —
Hippocrates.
ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
ANILITAS, see Dementia.
AN' IMA, An'imuSf Mena^ Psyek€. The
mind, breath, &c., ft'om aitAioc, ' wind or
breath.' (F.) Jme. The principle of the in-
tellectual and moral manifestations. Also, fbt
principle of life:— the life of plants being
termed^i4n'««ia vegettui*va,{Y .)Ameveghaiive ;
that of man, An'ima sensiti'va, (F.) J^me sen-
sitive.
The Anima of Stahl, Ai^ima Stahlia'na, was
a fancied intelligent principle, which he sup-
posed to preside over the phenomena of life--
like the JirduBus of Van Helmont.
Under the term Anima mttndi, the ancient
philosophers meant a universal Spirit, which
they supposed spread over every part of the
universe.
The precise seat of the mind in the brain has
given rise to many speculations. The point is
unsettled.
With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of a drug separated by some
chemical management.
Anima Aloes: see Aloes— a. Articulonun,
Hermodactylus— a. Hepatis, Ferri sulphas— a.
Pulmonum, Crocus— a. Rhei, Infusum rhei— a.
Stahliana, see Anima.
AN'IMAL, Zoon^ ^cmv. A name given to
every animated being. The greater part of
animals have the power of locomotion; some
can merely execute partial movements, such at
contraction and dilatation. In other respects
it is often a matter of difficulty to determine
what is an animal characterbtic. The study of
animals is called Zodl'ogf.
An'imal, (adiective,) Anima' lis. That which
concerns, or belongs to, an animal.
Animal Heat, Caior anima'lis^ C. nati^mt*.
Cal'idum anima'U, C. inna'tum, Biolyek'ni&9t,
Flam'mula vita'lis^ Tksrma em'pkytum, Tker-
mum em'pkytum. Ignis anima'lis seu natura -
lis seu vitalise (¥.) Chaleur animaley is thn
caloric constantly formed by the body of a
living animal, by virtue of which it preserve;*
nearly the same temperature, whatever maybs
that of the medium in which it Is placed. This
formation seems to take place over the whole
of the body, and to be connected with the ac-
tion of nutrition.
The following are tiie natural temperatures of
certain animals; that of man being 98^ or 100^.
Animaia T*mpera»iirt9.
Arctic Pnx H7
Arrtic Wolf, > ,^
Squirrel S *^
whaie'i;!;!.';!;!!;;.';;;;!!;;;.';!.*;!!!;;;} '•*
Aretomys dtiUos, luil- io wniner, 103
ANIMALCULA
65
ANKYLODONTIA
Do.
Goat,
Bat, ia aammer,,
Tlmiperatmtt,
wlieii torpid e0to84
103
MaraiuU bobae,->itoVMV/.*V/.'*' .'...' .'I... 101 or 108
Hooae moiMe, 101
AictomyB mannota, aiarMol,— in aurooier,. .. 101 or 103
Do. when torpid, 43
K»bWt. 100 to 104
Polar Bear, 100
Dof,. r....\
Cat
••wine, I 100 10 103
OXf 1
G«inea*pif, 100 to 108
AretooBjrs tl»« 00
fliHvw, ee
Yoaof wolf, 06
l^ncilla arnica, •Alette jbftcA, > ,,,
Prinplla^inaria, tow-'rcd pdl',.' ! 1 ! i 11 1 ! 1 ! . . 110 or 111
nioD palarote'iua, gotkmni^ \
GBprfmnlgus Europaus. EMtvpem goat- > 100
ndter, >
Bttterixa oiTalia. «n#»-fasitiiy, 109 to 110
PUco laaaria*. loiMMT 1
rriDffi1larardue]it,f»l4lbia, i
Cbr vm ci>ra z.raMN, V 100
Tkirdaa. OrmA, (of t'eylon } f
Tefraoperdrix.jiffrlrti/^ )
Anaa dypcata, •Araeto-, ..)
THn^a pugaaz, n[fr i
Seolopat liiitOM. leMcr /adMt, *
'iytraot«triz,^rraM^ I
FHocilU brumalia, tpintmiftmek, f
Lozla pyrrbula.' • I
FWco fiisoa. tparrtmkawk, |
Vaiiur b^rbatw, J
108
pakliricoUia,.
baa ai "
m
107
Ooiyoibaa anritua, iu^grAt,
Triofa vaneliaa, Impmanf, (wonnded,
Teliao lacopua. plannymt,. ,
FMof ilia domeslka, kmu» apmrmg, 107 to 11 1
dtrix paaaer.na, iittU awl, *)
Hematopiis oatralef ua, na-pig, 1
Aaaa penrlope, widlream i 106
Aaaa atrepera, ^aAaaU, i
PalccaRua carbo J
Fako oaaifk-agoa, Ma-tagU \
Ftalica aira. ea«C, J 105
Aaaaacata, ymfatf-dart, )
Fako niilvvs. kiu, (wounded,),
Merops ap:a^t«r, tu-c^
Gooae,
104
Do;s;;::;;::::::;::::::;::;;;::;;::;:::::> ^^^o lo?
D»ck, )
Aidea itellaria 4 :... i
FWeoalbieollia, J 109
Pleoa major. y
Opama ligniperda, 80to01
•hark 63
Torpedo oiarararaia 74
Animal KmoDox, (F.) Migne Ammai, com-
prisea ail animated beings.
Animal Magnbtism, see Bfagnetismy animal.
ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Sperma-
toioa— a. Spermatica, SpermatoEoa.
ANIMAL'CULE, Animal'euium ; diminu-
tive of animal. A small animal. An animal
well seen only by means of the microscope.
ANIMAL'CULIST, Jin'imudiat, One who
attempts to explain different phjsiological or
patholo^cal j^nomena by means of animal-
cules.
ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule.
ANIMALIST, Animalcvlist.
KJSlUKhriYyAfumal'itas. Qnaiities which
difitingoish that which is animated. That which
<*oostitiites the animal.
ANIMALIZA^ION, JhtimtdMa'tu^. The
tnnsformation of the nutritive parts of food
into the living substance of the body to be
noorished.
To AN'IMATE, Ammt^H. To unite the
living principle with an organized body. The
French use it in the sense of, — to excite or ren-
der active; as, animer un visieettoire: to excite
a blister to suppurate. ^
ANIMATIO FOETUS, see Quickening.
ANIMA'TION, Zo^sis, Anima'tio, from
cenimay < the soul or mind.' The act of ani-
mating. The state of being enlivened.
Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia.
AN'IMfc, Chim an'imt, AfMnafa, Can^eamy,
Gutnmi an*im€y Can'eamum, A resin obtained
from the trunk of Hymenoi'a cour'bariL It has
been given as a cephalic and uterine. It is not
used. The plant is also called Cour'bariL
AHIMAy (F.) An epithet applied to the
countenance, when florid, in health or disease.
ANIMELL^, Parotid.
ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope— a.
Deliquium, Syncope — a. P&themata, Passions.
ANIMIST, from an'imay Uhe soul.' One
who, following the example of Stahl, refers all
the phenomena of the animal economy to the
soul.
The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate
and intelligent agent of every movement, and
of every material change in the body. Stahl
therefore concluded, that disease was nothing
more than a disturbance or disorder in the go-
vernment of the economy, or an effort by which
the soul, attentive to every morbific cause, en-
deavoured to expel whatever might be derang-
ing the habitual order of health.
ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
ANTS, Pimpinella anisom— ^. Aigrs, Cumi-
Dum Cyminum — a. de la Chine, Illieium anisa-
tum — a. Doux, Anethum — a. iioiU, Illieium
anisatum.
ANISATUM, from ^tnm, 'Anise.' A sort
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with ho-
ney, wine of Ascalon, and aniseed.
ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi.
ANISE, Pimpinella anisum-*«. Star, Illiei-
um anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida,
Illieium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flow-
ered, Illieium anisatum.
ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisnm.
ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisnm.
ANISOS'THENES, Innqua'li rob'orl pol'-
lens. That which is unequal in strength : nom
«, priy., ifl-of, « equal,' and a&tr^s, « strength.'
An epithet applied particularly to the muscu-
lar contractility, which, in the sick, is some-
times augmented in certain muscles only, — in
the flexors, for example.
ANISOT'ACHYS,from «, priv., i(r op, « equal,'
and Tae/i/c, 'quick.' An epithet lor the pulse,
when quick and unequal. — Gorraeus.
ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum — a. Africanuni
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum
galbaniferum, Bubon galbanum — a. Sinense, Il-
lieium anisatum— a. Stellatum, Illieium ani-
satum.
ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
ANKUS, Ancus.
ANKYLOBLEPH'ARON, Aneylobleph'aron.
Palpebra'rum. coaVitue, from ay%vXv„ * contrac-
tion,' and iS a i^^^or, * eyelid.' A preternatural
union between the freB edges of the eyelids.
Likewise called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'-
sie, and Proa^phfeie.
Also, union between the eyelids and globe of
the eye. — Aetius.
ANKYLODONTIAffroma^^auxoc, <crooked,'
ANKTL06LOOSIA
56
ANNULW
and c/piK , <a tooth.' An irregular potitum of
the teeth in the jaws.
ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'tia^ Con-
trfftio lingua, from ayxvlog, 'crooked,' or
* contracted/ and ylwr^it, < the tongue.' Im-
peded motion of the tongae in consequence of
adhesion between its margins and the gums; or
in consequence of the shortness of the fnenum :
the latter affection constituting TougiM'tiey
Olopho'nia lin'gum frana'ta. It merely re-
quires the (rsnum to be divided with a pair of
scissors.
ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from oHhylo-
glotsia, * tongue-tie,' and rc^i}, < incision.' An
instrument used in the operation for tongue-tie.
ANKYLOME'Lfi, Ancylome'li^ from ayxv-
loff, « crooked,' and ^ijxif, * a probe.' A curved
probe. — Gralen.
ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomerit'miu,
from Ayxttltiy *a contraction,' and ^1^0(9 *a
part.' Morbid adhesion between parts.
ANKYLOPS, ^ilops.
ANKYLO'SI^, Sncylo'sit, Anehflo'M, An'-
e^lij Stiff Joint, from aY»vMg$ * crooked.* An
affection, in which there is great difficulty or
even impossibility of nx>ving a diarthrodial ar-
ticulation. It is so called, because the limb
conunonly remains in a constant state of
flexion. Anchylosis is said to be complete or
true, when there is an intimate adhesion be-
tween the synovial surfaces with union of the
articular extremities of the bones. In the m-
eomplete or false anchylosis, there is obscure
motion, but the fibrous parts around the joint
are. more or less stiff and thickened. In the
treatment of this last state, the joint inust be
gently and gradually exercised; and oily, re-
laxing applications be assiduously employed.
Anktlosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum.
ANKYLOT'OMUS, Ancylot'omua, from ay
xvlo;, « crooked,' and Tiiivir, < to cut.' Any
kind of curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument
for dividing the frsnum lingus. — Scultetus.
ANNEAU, Ring— a. Crural, Crural canal
— a. Diaphragmatigue, Diaphragmatic ring—
a. Femoral, Crural canal — a. Itigtdnal, Ingui-
nal ring — a* Ombilioal, Umbilical ring.
ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix.
ANNI CRITICI,Climacterici(anni)— a.De-
cretorii, Climacterici (anni)---a. Fatales, Cli-
macterici (anni)— a. Genethliaci, Climacterici
(anni)— a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni)--^.
Hebdomadici, Climacterici (anni)— a. Heroici,
Climacterici (anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici
(anni) — a. Scalares, Climacterici (anni) — a.
Scansiles, Climacterici (anni.)
ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this
term some have included the preludes to an at-
tack of intermittent fever — as yawning, stretch-
ing, somnolency, chilliness, &c.
ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleana.
AN'NUAL DISEASES, Morbi anfnui, M.
anniversa^rii, (F,)Maladie9annuelles, A name
given, by some, to diseases which recur every
year about the same period. Fehria annua,
(F.) Fiivre annuelle,ia a term used for a fiui-
cied intermittent of thfs type.
ANNUENS, Rectus capitis intemus minor. '
ANNUIT'IO, Nodding, from ad, «to,' and
niaus, < a nod.' A gesture denoting assent in
most countries. Also, the state of somnolency,
when the individual is in the ^rect or sitting
posture, with the head unsupported, in which
the power of volition over the extensor muscles
of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
AN'NULAR, Annulafris, CHeotdet, {annjus,
* a circle.') Any thing relating to a ring, or
which has the shape or fulfils the functions of
a ring; from annnlus, 'a ring,' itself.
Annular Finobr, Ring Finger, J>ig"itus
annula'ris, Param'esos. The fourth finger, so
called from the wedding-ring being worn thereon.
Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
• Annular Lig'ament, Transverse ligasmsnt,
Cru'cial ligament, A strong ligamentous band
which arches across the area of the ring of the
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur-
face of one articular process, to a similar tuber-
cle on the other. It serves to retain the odon-
toid process of the axis in connelion with the
anterior arch of the atlas.
An'nular Lio'ahent of ths Ra'dtus, is a
very strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which
forms, with the lesser sigmoid cavity of the
cubitus, a kind of ring in which the head of
the radius turns with facility.
An'nular Lig'aments of the Carptts, Ar^
mil'lee manue enemihrano' sm, are two in number.
The one, anterior, is abroad, fibrous, quadrila-
teral band, extending transversely beforo the
carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the
wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally,
to the trapezium and scapho'ides; and internally
to the OS pisiforme and process of the unciforme.
It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me-
dian nerve, &c., applied against the carpus.
The posterior ligament is situate transversely
behind the joint of the hand, and covers the
sheaths of the tendons, which pass to the back
of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining,
and are attached, externally, to the inferior awl
outer part of the radius; internally, to the ulna
and OS pisiforme.
An'nular Lig'akents of the Tarsus are two
in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and
extends transversely above the instep. It is
attached to the superior depression of the os
calcis, and to the malleolus internus. It em-
braces the tendons of the extensor muscles of
the toes, the tibialis antieus, and peronens anti-
eus. The internal is broader than the last. It
descends from the malleolus intemus to the
posterior and inner part of the os calcis, with
which it forms a kind of canal, enclosing the
sheaths of the tendons of the tiUalis postims
jUxor longus digiterum pedis, and F* longv*
poUids pedis, as well as the plantar vessels and
nerves.
Annular Vein, Vena annula'ris, is situate
between the annular finger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases
of the spleen.
ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus— a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea-
a. Cartilaginosi Trachec, see Trachea.
ANNULI'TENDINO'PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales manus.
ANNULUS, DactyliuSjVulva— a. Abdominis,
Inguinal ring — a. Albidus, see Ciliary (body)^
a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris,
Ciliary ligament-^a. Fossa ovalis: see Ovalis
fossa — a. (xangliformis, see Ciliary (body)-*
a. Repens, Herpes circinatus-^a. tJmbilicalis,
Umbilical ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a.
Vienssenii, see Ovalis fossa.
aho
67
autaoonism
ANO» mm. A prefix denoting * aboYe, ap.'
ANOCHI'LUS) from avw, < above/ and jr«iAtc»
'Up.' The upper lip. Aiso^ one who has a
lai^ upper lip.
ANCfCCELIA, Stomach.
ANCKDIAy from «r, priT. aad Mdij, 'aoog.'
An nnconnected or dissonant mode of speech.
ANODIN, Anodyne.
ANODIN'IA, from <, «», privativey and wMw^
< a kboar pain.' Absence of labour pains.
ANOIXMIA, Anosmia*
ANODUS, Edentuhis.
AN'ODYNEy^iiM^yMWyiiiiANl'yntw, AaUi^^
fnous (improperly,) Farego/ieus, Anat'ieu$y
Ammt^lieusf Aeesotf^nss^ (F.) Aimdin cu Atto^
dfHj from «, stv, privative, and advvriy 'pain.'
Anodfn€9 are those -medicines which relieve
pain, or canse it to cease; as opium, belUdonna,
&c. They act by blnabng the sensibility of
the brain, so that it does not appreciate the
moTvio Sensation.
ANODYN'IA, Jfute^M'tui. Cessation or ab-
sence of patn. Vogel has given this name to a
genus of diseasps, ehamcterized by a cessation
of pain, and the ezaspeiation of other symp*
toms; as we see in gangrene.
ANODTNUM MINERALE, PMassa nilras
solphatis pancillo miztus.^
AN(E'A, frxmi «, privative, aad 9«e(, 'miad.'
Delirium, imbecility. See DemsDtia sod Idiots
lam.
ANOMALy Anomalous.
AN0MALE8, Anomakms.
ANOKA'LI A, from «r, privative, and •uato^^
'regular.' AhMor^wutas, Aiiena'tio, Anomaly,
irr^iularity. In Pathology, anomaly means
something unnsnal in the symptoms proper to
t disease.
Aromalia Nxrvobttv, NervoQS diathesis.
ANOMALOTROPHIESj from at priva-
tive, ovtfiof, 'regular,' and Tpo<^i7, 'nourish-
ment.' A class of diseases, which consist in
modifications in the nutrition of organ9.^-Oen-
drin.
ANOM'ALOXJS, Anom*a2ns, Anom'ales; the
sameetjrmon. xlrregjalarj contrary to rule. (F.)
Anomal, In Medicine, a disease is called otiq-
malous, in whose symptoms or progress there
is something unusual. Affections are also called
anomalous, which cannot be referred to any
kno^vn species.
ANOMALUS, Irregular.
ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmns.
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from « priv., »o^»c,
' rule,' and jrc^axi?, ' head.' One whose head is
deformed. — Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire.
AXOMTHALUS, from etv, priv., and o/^f tfxor,
'the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many wri-
ten have endeavoured to show that Adam and
Etc must have been «>oa£^oi, as they could
not fasTe had umbilical vessels.
ANO^A TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the /a-
milf Anonese or Anonacee; 8ex^ Sptt. Poly-
sndria polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet
fai|;h, native of South America, which bears a
delicious fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit
and flowers emit a fine fragrance, which, when
the tree is covered with blossom, is almost
•verpowering. — ^Tschndi.
ANONIS, Ononis.
ANONTMEy Innominatnm.
ANONTMOUS, Anan'ymus, Unomina'tus^
5
(F.) Jfiofif iM, from 09 privative, a^dd ovs^Miy
' name.' That which has no name.
The word has been applied to many parts of
the body »— to the Aaton^mous bone or Os miuvn
minatwm: — ^the Antmymotu foramen or Fbrtfm
men innow^nattimy &c.
ANOPHRESIA, Anosmia.
ANOPHTHAL MUS, Atum'moius, from »
privative, and otf&aXn^t^ 'an eye.' A monster
devoid of eyes.
ANOPSIA, from a* priv., aad e^;, < the eye.'
A ease of monstrosity in which ths eye and
orbit are wanting.
ANOPTICONERVIE, Amanrosis.
ANOR'CHIDES, from w priv., and tf vi^,
'a testicle.' They who are without testicles.
— Fortunatus Fidelia.
ANOREXIA, from uy priv^and •^•^y 'ap-
petite.' InapptUn'tia, Limo'tis ewpers, (F.)
PeHt d*af petit. Absence of i^»petite, without
loathing. Anorena or want d aj^tite is
s^ptomatic of most diseases. Also, Indiges-
tion, Dyspepsia (q. v.)
Anorexia Exhausto'rum, Frigidity of the
stomach — a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
ANORGANIC, see Anhistons^aad Inorganic
ANORMAL, Abnormoas.
ANOS'IA, from a priv., and yocf^ ' disease.'
Health. Freedom from disease.
ANOS'MIA, from a privative, and otf/Kiji
'odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the
sense of smell. . Called, also, Anospkrt'siof
Anoepkrafeioy Anophre'eiay JParoe'miay Anod'^
mia, Anoemo'na, Olfaetiu amie'eio^ O. dejie*'^
iens, DfS€Bsthe'sia olfaetei* Ha, Anmsthe'Ha o/-
facto'ria, Odora'tue deptr'ditue, (F.) P$rte de
rOdorat,
ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia.
ANSE (F.,) Ansa (U) signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form. By analogy, it has been applied to that
which is curved in the form of such handle.
Thus, the French speak of Ante inteetinale to
signify a portion of intestine, supported by its
mesentery, and describing a curved line : — also.
of Anst nervense, Anse anastomotiqus, &c.
Anse de^ is used, in Surgery, to designate a
thread, curved in the form of an Ante,
ANSERINA, Potentilla anserine.
ANSARINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides —
0. Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum — a, Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Hen-
rictts — a, Sotry*, Chenopodium Botrys — a.
Fitide, Chenopodium vnlvariar-no. VemUfuge,
Chenopodium anthelminticum.
ANTAC"IDS,ilnf»-««rf*,il«<iatf"»A»,7»wr-
ten*tia, from anti, ' against,' and aeida, ' acids.'
Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach.
They are chemical agents, and act by neutral-
ising the acid. Those chiefly used are anuno-
nia, calcis carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesias
carbonas, potassa, potassss bicarbonas, p. car-
bonas, sodsB bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They
are, of course, only palliatives, removing that
which exists, not preventing the formation of
more.
ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonie'wue, Antie'ta-
sisf from am, ' against,' and oywritctf, * to act.'
Action in an opposite direction. It a];^lies to
the action of muscles which act in a contrary
direction to others. In estimating the fmrce of
ANTAGONIST
ANTHEMIS COTULA
the miiscleB, this antagonism miut be attended
to. ,
ANTAG'ONIST, Antaganis'ta. A muscle
nrhofe action produces an effect contrary* to that
of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta-
gonist, because there is no motion in one direc-
tion without a capability of it in another.
ANTALGICUS, Anodyne.
ANTAPHRODIS'IAC and ANTAPHRO-
DIT'IC, Antaphrodinaeusy AnUrot'ieus, from
«rri, * against,' and tnpQodtetaMOiy * aphftxiisiac.'
A substance citpable of blunting the venereal
appetite.
ANTAPOiyOSIS, from arranoSamfity « I re-
turn in exchange.' The succession and retorn
of the febrile periods. — ^Hippocrates.
ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
ANT ARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic.
ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic.
ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
ANT ATROPHIC, Antatropk'ieua,Antafro-
phtu, Antiatroph'ieusy from arri, < against,' and
axQOipiay Utrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro-
phy or consumption.
ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
ANTECENDENTIA. The precursory or
warning symptoms of a disease.
ANTEL A'BI A, PfocW/a, from antSy 'be-
fore,' and loHa, ' the lips.' The extremity of
the lips.
ANTELOPE, Antilopus.
ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum.
ANTEM'BASIS, from am, and c^/fairw, 'I
enter .^ Mu'tuus ingres^sus. The mutual re-
ception of bones. — Galen.
ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic.
ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTENE AS'MUS, from am, « against,' and
reoy, * audacious.' One furious against himself.
Mania, in which the patient attempts his own
life. — ^Zacchias.
ANTENNA'RIA DIOPCA, Onapha'lium
JHoieumy Hispid'niay Pes eatiy Eitch'rfgum
monta'numy Catsfooty (F.) Pied de ehat, A
common European plant, which has been advised
in hemorrhage, diarrhcea, &c.
ANTEPHL^LTIC, Antiephialtic.
ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic.
ANTEPONENS, Anticipating.
ANTE REPS IS, from am, 'against,' and
tQtidwy < I support.' The resistance-— the soli-
dity — of bcmes. — ^Hippocrates.
AJSTERIEUR DU MARTEAU, Laxator
tympani — a. de POrsUlgy Anterior auris.
ANTE'RIOR, Anti'fus, from ante, « before.'
Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed
with anatomists in the use of the terms be/ore,
hekindy &c. Generally, the word anterior is
applied to parts situate before the median line,
the .body being in the erect posture, with the
face* and palms of the hands turned forwards;
and the feet applied longitudinally together.
Ante'kiok Au'eis (iB»«e/0,) Aurit^ula'ris a»-
te'rior, At^traKene aurie'ulam, (F.) Aurieulaire
antirteur, Aniirieur de Voreilley Zygamato-ori-
culaire. A small muscle, passing from the pos-
terior part of the zygoma to the helix. Use, To
draw the ear forwiurds and upwards.
Antbrior Mallbi, Laxator tympani.
ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac.
ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphor-
bium.
ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antravt'eio,
from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to
turn.' DuBplacement of the uterus, in which
the fundus is turned towards the pubes, whilst
its orifice is towards the sacrum. It may be
caused by extraordinary size of the pelvis, pres-
sure of the viscera on the uterus, &c.; and is
recognised by examination per vaginae^. See
Retroversio uteri.
ANTH.£MOPTYiCUS, Antihennopiy^t
from arrt, ' against,' and h€Bmopiysiey ' spitting
of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy
for spitting ^ blood — aatHkmmoptyieum (jeme-
dium,)
ANTHiEMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorriia-
gic.
^NTHECTICUS, Antihectic
ANTHELITRAGQS, (F.) AntUlitragien.
One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of
the ear.
ANT'HELIX, Anti-heiixy from ovri, ' before,'
and 'cAi^, ' the helix.' An eminence on the car-
tilafe of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex-
tending from the concha to the groove of the
helix, where it bifurcates.
ANTHELMINTIC, Antihelmin'ticusyAnti-
eeol'ietUy Antkelmdnfthicue, Antieeolet'icusyHtl'
min^thietUy Helminthago'guey Antivenmno'eusy
Vermifugeuy Ver'mi/ugey.from arriy 'against,'
and 'tA^tv;, 'a worm.' A remedy which de-
stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for-
mation and development.. The chief anthel-
mintics are, the Chenopodium, Mucu'na, Oleum
animale Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthina^ Sodii
Chloridum, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See
Worms.
ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
AN^THEMIS COT'ULA, from a^em, 'I
flower.' Cofula, C.fa'tiday Cota, Cfmm'tAe-
misy Chamame'lumfa'tidum, An'tkemie Nove-
boraeen'sisy ChamomU'la epu'ria, Ma^oi^ar^
Mapweedy Stinking Ckamamiley Wild Cham'-
omiU, Dog^e fennel, XHllf, Dilweed, Field-
ttfeedy Piseweed. Nat, Ord, Composite Corym-
bifene. Sex. S^et. Syngenesia Superflua. ^F.)
Xaroute, CamomUle fkttde, Camomille puante.
This plant has a very disagreeable smell : and
the leaves have a strong, acrid, bitterish taste.
It is reputed to have been useful in hysterical
affections.
An'thekis No'bilis, CAifmame'lum, Ckame-
ma'lum No'biliy ChamomU'la S'oma'nay Euan'-
tkemony An'themiey Cham€eme*lum odora'tum^
Leuean'tkemum, MtUrica'riay (F.) Camomillr,
Romaine, The leaves and flowers. — Anthtfmis,
Ph. IT. S. — ^have a strong smell, and bitter,
nauseous taste. The flowers are chiefly used.
They possess tonic and stomachic properties,
and are much given as a pleasant and cheap
bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce,
or to assist vomiting. Externally, Uiey are
often used in fomentations.
The (yieum Anthem'idie possesses the aro-
matic properties of the plant, bat not the bitter
and tonic. Consequently, the * Chamomile
Dropsy* as sold by the druggists, must be devoid
of the latter qualities. They are made by add-
ing Ol, anthem, f. ^j. to 8p. vini reetif, Oj.
Antrbmis Novsbobacbnsis, a. Cotula.
An'thkmis Pr'asTBauM, Pf^rethmm, Ana-
eyeUue pffrethrumy Pyrethmm verum, Suph-
thal'm»m Cre'ticum, Denta*riayBerbaaaliva'rif^
Pee Aletrandri'mie, Spanieh ChamamiU^ PelH-
ANTHERA
ANTHROPOMETRT
iorf ofSpainy (F.) Pyrhthrs^ Radne MoHvaiire^
Pudd*Aiexandr€. The root iB hot and acrid,
its acrimony residing in a resinous principle.
It is never nsed except as a masticatorjr in
toothache, rheiuDatism of the face, paralysis of
the toDgae, &c. It acts as a powerful sialo-
The
PelUtory of the shops in Germany is
Mid to he derived from Anacy&lu9 ojfieina'rum ;
a plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal
poiposes.
Ar'thbmxs TmcTo'aiAy Buphthal'mi Harhih
l>f0r*s CkamamiU, a European plant, has a
hitterandastringent taste, and has heen regarded
stomachic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomile des
Tdnturiera, (EU de Bmuf,
ANTHE'RA, from a*diic«(, * florid,' so called
from its florid colour. A remedy compounded
of sevwal auhetances, myrrh, sandarac, alum,
ssflroB, &c. It was used under tha form of
liniment, c<dlyrium, electuary, and powder. —
Celaos, Galen.
ANTHEREON, Mentum.
ANTHORA, Aconitum anthora— a.Yulgaris,
Aconitum anthoia.
ANTHORIS'MA, from arriy « against,' and
#ui;ia, 'houndaiy.' Tumor diffu'^us, A tu-
mor without any defined margin.
ANTHOS: see Rosmarinus-^. Sylvestris,
Ledum sylvestre.
ANTHRA'CIA, from ar^pal, « coal.' C^-
bmmfadmr Exan'thom, An eruption of tumours,
imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges,
and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious cetre.
A genus in the order ExanthomoHca^ class
Htmatica of Good, and including Plague and
Yaws.
Ahthkjicia, Anthracosis— a. PestiS) Pkgue
—a. Rnhula, Framhcesia.
ANTHRACION, aee Anthrax.
ANTHRACOID, Aiuhraeo^desyh<mav9^i
* eoid,' and tiSof, * resemblance.' (F.) Chttrbon-
nmx. As hlack as coal. Accompanied by, or
resembling anthrax.
ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACONECROSIS^ see Sphacelus,
ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax.
ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACOSIS, Amhra'eia, Carlo Palpe-
hrafnem, from at'^qa^, * a coal.' A species of
esrbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and gk>be
of the eye. — ^Paulus of .£gina. Also^ a car-
boncle of any kind. It has been used recently
for the << black lung of coal miners," which is
induced bv carbonaceous accumulation in the
lungs. When ulceration results from this cause,
Uaci pktkisisj (F.) Phthisis avec JXilanose,
exists. See Melanosis.
AivTHRACosis PuLMONUK, sec MeUuioais.
ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
ANTHRAKOK'ALI, from icv^Cot^, 'coal,'
and Jhalif 'potassa.'^ An article introduced as
a remedy m cutaneous diseases. It is formed
by dissolving carbonate of potassa in 10 or 12
parts of boiling water, and adding as nrodi
■lacked lime as will separate the potassa. The
filtered liquor is placed on the fire in an iron
▼easel, and suffered to evaporate, until neither
froth nor effervescence occurs, and the liquid
presents a smooth surface like oil. To this,
levigated coal is added in the proportion of 160
grammes to 1 92 grammes of potassa. The mix-
tare is stirred, aod removed from the tn, and
the stirring is continued, until a black homoge-
neous powder results. A sulphuretted anthro"
koktdi is made by mixing accurately 1 6 grammes
of sulphur with the coed, and mssolving the
mixture in the potassa as directed above. The
dose of the simple and sulphuretted preparations
is about two grains three times a day.
ANTHRAX, ai^^«|, < a coal,' An'trax, Carbe,
RuH'nue verue, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangre-
no'sumf Orantrie'tum^ Pruna, Per'eicus Igtde,
Pjfray GrofMriytum, Phyma anthrax^ Erytke'^
ma anthrax, CarhtH*eulus, Anthroeo'sia, An-
throeo^ma^ Aheees'aua gangrttnee'eena. A, gan^
gr€Btio'9U8y Purun^eulus malig^nuSf P, gangrm-
no^susf CarbuneUy ( F.) Chorion, An inflamma-
tion, essentially gangrenonsj of the cellular
membrane and skin, which may arise from an
internal or external cause. In the latter case
it is called, Anthra'eion, Vesic^ula gangr^eney-
eetu, Anthraeophlfe*tis, Pustule mtdigne; Bou-
ton d'Alep, Feu Persigue (Persian Fire), Mai-
vat, Bouton malin, Puee maligne, and is cha-
racterized at the outset bv a vesication or bleb
filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under which
a small induration is formed, surrounded by an
areolar inflammation, which becomes gangre-
nous. It has been thought b;^ some to be in-
duced altogether by contact with the matter of
the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuvia of
bodies of such as had died of the disuse. But
it is now known to arise primarily in the human
subject.
Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treat-
ment is similar to that which is required in
cases of gangrene attacking a part.
Antbaax FvtMcfHTTKy NecTopoeumonia.
ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scaodix
eerefolium.
ANTHROPE, Cutis.
ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA,) from
aiy&fwtog, <man,' and tatgog, < a physician.' Me-
dicine applied to man in contradistinction to
ANTHROPOCHEMIA,Chymistpy (human.)
ANTHROPOCHYMY, Chymistry (human.)
ANTHROPOGENIA, Anthropogen'esis^An-
thropog"eny, from »v^QWfog, < man,' and ytvcffif,
< generation.' The knowledge, or study, or
phenomena of human generation.
ANTHROPOGHAPHY, Anthropograph*ia,
from aif^qtinoq, * man,' and y^at^i^, 'a description.'
Anthropology (q. v.) A description of the
human body.
ANTHROPOLlTHUS,fromo»6efti7ro«,<man,'
and Xt&oi, <a stone.' The petrifiiction of the
human body or of any oi its parts. Morbid
concretions in the human body.
ANTHROPOL'OGY, An$hropolog"ia, from
Av^qmnoq^ * man,' and Xoyot, ' a discourse.' A
treatise on man. By some, this word is used
for the science of the structure and functions of
the human body. Frequently, it is employed
synonymously with NeUural History and Phy-
siology of man,
ANTHROPOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
ANTHROPOMANCY, Anthropomanti'a,
from Ar-^gamcf ' a man,' and juiafuui, ' divina-
tion.' Divination by inspecting the entrails of
a dead man.
ANTHROPOM'BTRY, from «r^^»7r«$, «a
man,' and tiet^ef, 'measure.' Measuremeat
ANIVBOPOMCnRFHUS
AHTIEMBnC
of the dimen^ons of tlw difinvot pairts of the
bninan body.
ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mudn-
ANTHROPOPH'AG^J8,<F.)i4««*WM«M^
from taS<fmtfti * m ttMa,' and ^v, * I eat.' A
name given to one who eats his own species.
ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anikropopha'gia,
game etymon. The custom of eating haman
flesh. A disease in which there is gmt desire
to eat it.
ANTHROPOS, Homo.
ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
ANTHROPOTOMY, AndianatomiA.
ANTHUS, Flos,
AJfTKYFIIiOTIC.Antkyjmofieus^Antihfp^
not*ie, from «m, ' asainst^' and ^mm^in^tf ' stu-
pefying.' A remedy for stnsor.
ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Afakfpoeh<m-
dri'ucusy from «»<», < against,' and <«;«r«j|ro9d^ia-
xufy < hypochondrkc.' A remedy for hypo-
chondriasis.
ASTBYSTER1C,AfitihfHir'ic^nHkftitw''
ietuy from hfti, * against,' and <utf<r«^, < the ute-
rus.' A remedy for hysteria.
ANTI, aevn, as a prefix, in oompoaition,
rally means < opposition.'
ANTIADES, Tonsils.
ANTIADITI8, Cynanche tonsillaris.
ANTIADON'CUS, from tir*ttadtt, *the tonr
sils,' and oyxoc, * tumour.' A swelling of the
tonsils. — Swediaur. Anti* tiger has a similar
meaning.
Antiadoivctjs IiirLi.M»ATOKit», Cynanche
tonsillaris.
ANTIAPOPLE CTIC, AnHa/poplee'iieus,
Antapoplee^tieusy Apojdee'tieuSf from avT<,
< against,' and A#o«-M2|/«e, 'apoplexy.* A re-
medy for apoplexy.
ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antartkrk'ie, Antiar-
thrifious, AnHpodag^rie^ from dtf»H^ < against,'
and AQ^Qirttf ' the gout,' (F.) AntigotUtewB. A
remedy for gout.
ANTIASTHEN'IC, Amiasthen'teus, from^
«tv9rf, ' against,' and tf^diifia, * debility.' A re-
medy for debility.
ANTIASTHMATIC, AntiasthnuU'ieufy An-
tasthmafieusy from tfVTi, * against,' and ao^f*x,
' asthma.' A remedy for asthma.
ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic.
ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum.
ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
AT^TIBRA'CHIAL, Atuibraehialis. That
which concerns the fore arm. Bichat. J. Clo-
qaet suggests that the word should be written
aJUebraehial, from aTite, * before,' and braehiumy
< the arm:' — as ofUtbrackial region, antebrachial
aponeurosis y &c.
Antebsa'crial Apovevro'sis, (F.) AponJv-
rose antebraehiale, is a portion of the aponeu-
rotic sheath which envelops the whole of the
upper limb. It arises from the brachial aponeu-
rosis, from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of
the biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epi-
trQchlea, and, behhid, from the tendon of tiie
triceps bra^hiaUs. Within, it is inserted into
the cubitus, &c.; and, below, is confounded
with the two annular ligaments of the carpus.
It is covered by the skin, b^ veins, lymphatics,
and by filaments of superficial nerves; it covers
the muscles of the fore-arm^ adheres to them,
and sMids between them several 6brMtt aepC^
whidi serve them fbr points of iBsertioa.
ANTIBRACHIUM, ForeHnn.
AKTIBRO'MIC, Antibro'iimtmsy from «rTi,
< against,' end f^mfioty < UtUnt.* An ageat that
<iestro3^ offeMiv« odours— «s the eUovide of
zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c.
ANTICACHEC'TIC,4*f»<j«*»e«uw*,^4ftf»-
eaeoekfm'ie, firom ovn, < against,' and Kax»k«h
* cachexy.' A remedy agaiast cachexy.
ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic..
ANTICAN'CEROUS, jt#rtiMWwr»'#«#, An.
ti^amerif'm»tAntieareinom'atous^AinHseir'rkotUy
from amy < against,' and xaq*iHBftay *eaacer,'
carcinoma. Opposed to cancer.
ANTICANCROSUS, AnticaiieeiDns.
ANTICARCIN0MAT0U8, Anficancerous.
ANTIC ARBIUM, Fossme du eemty Scrobi-
cohis cordis.
ANTIC AT ARUHAL, Amtieaiarrka'iUy Am-
Ucatarrheileusy ftom ovti, * against^^and jbcn^^o;,
' catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh.
ANTICAUSOD'iC, Antieausoficy AnHtai^
sod'ieusy from «»ti, < against,' and MNMro^, *a
burning fever.' A remedy for emumu or in-
flammattMT fever.
ANTIC AUSOTIC, Anticamsodie.
ANTICHEIR, Poltex, see Digitus.
ANTICHOERADICUS, Antiscroftilooa.
ANTICHOLERICA, Sophota heptaphylla.
ANTICIPATING, AntW'ipansy Antepo'-
nmsy Proiopt*i€U9. A periodioal phenomenon
recurring at progressively shorter intervals.
An amHeipating inimmittent 'b one in which
the intervals b«tween the paroacyvms become
progressively less.
ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
ANTIOCEURy Scrobiculos cordis.
ANTIC OL'IC, Antieoi'iensy from *»«,
^against,' and ittaXtno^y <the colic' That which
is opposed to colie.
ANTICOMMA, O&ntr^^up.
ANTICOPE, Cbntre-wup^
ANTICRUSIS, Contre-coup,
ANTICRUSMA, Cantr^-eoup.
ANTICUS, Anterior.
ANTIDARTREXTX, Antilierpetic
ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-dndioation.
ANTIDIARRH(ElC,k«t»<tftffrA«-i>tM. A
remedy for diarrh<ea. Opposed to diairhcBa.
ANTID1NIC, Antidin'imsy Din'iwsy from
dLfrty < against,' and <t»of, * vertigo.' Opposed
to vertigo.
ANTIDOTAL, Antidotaflisy same etymon as
antidote (q. v.) Relating to an antidotes pos-
sessed of the powers of an antidote.
ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from afrOcrrwy^un an-
tidote.' A dispensatory (q. v.) A pharmaeo-
poeia or formulary.
ANTIDOTE, Xw^uf'o<iw»,from «inr/,* against,*
and Stdwftiy < I give.' Originally this word sig-
nified an internal remedy. It is now used sy-
nonymously with eounter-poison, Antipkar^nu^^
eum, and signifies any remedy capable of com-
bating the efiTect of poisons.
ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneophar-
macos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants.
ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne.
ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidysentor'ienty
from«?Ti, < against,' M, * with difficulty,' and
•»T«99r, 'intestine.' Opposed to dysentery.
ANTIEMETIC, Antemeficy Antiemst'ieuSy
AKTIEPHIALTIC
61
ANTDftONII (BUTTRUM)
from «VT<, < agaiiist,' tad Bfurutt^ * emetic.' A
remedy for vomiting.
ANTIEPfflALTIC or AJTrEPHIALTIC,
Amtispkial'Hcms^ {torn Afvty ^againsV *im^ '9*'
Ml^TKy * nifhtmare.' A remedy for nightmare.
ANTIEPILEPTIC or ANTEPILEPTIC,
AwiUfiUj^tieuai from «yT#9 ' agiinst/ and am*
Xf^M, < epiiepej/ A remedy for epilepay.
ANTIFEBRILIS, FebriAige.
ANTIGALACTIC, Antigalae'tUuSy AfUi-
htettu^y firom Arriy * against,' and yoia, ^milk.'
(F.) Antiimt&uof, O^Kwed to the eecretion of
milk, or ta diaeaeee caused by the milk.
ANTIGONI COLtYRlUM NIGRUM,
BUci 4olijfv*t9k of Antio'onxb. It was com-
posed of cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigrift,
gam Aiahie, and water.
ANTIGUA, see Weet Indiee.
ANTIHiEMOPTYICUS, Antbemoptyicufc
ANTIHECTIC, AMtitkeetUiMyAnUfe'Hmiay
from ttw^tj 'against,' and '•{t$, 'habit of body.'
Hw AntUkMtfticMm Pots'rxi is the white ozyd
of astimoay; also called Diafhoret'Uum Jo-
ANTIHSLIX, Anthelix.
ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTIHEMORRHAG'IC, Antihmmorrkag'*-
ims, AiUkeemorrhag^'ieus; from avri, 'agamst,'
and *^fu^Q0YtOf < hemorrhage.' That which is
agaiiMt hemorrhage; an antihemorrhagic re-
A?ifTIHEMORRHOn)'AL, AmaamorrhoU
da^Hay from oyri, * against,' and <ai/(«oec*<^<f 9 'he-
morrhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids.
ANTIHERPET'IC, Antihsryeficus, from
cffTi, * against,' and < i^tt* ;, * herpes.' (F.) An'
tUartrtaof. A remedy for herpes.
' ANTIH7DR0PH0B1C, Antth^dropkoi^i-
MM, AMiyU*'susy Alps^stu, from <xm, < against,'
^v^, * water,' and 90/tefi < dread.' A remedy
for hydro phob ia.
ANTIHYDROFIC, Antikfdrop'icus^ Hf-
irop'itusy from arti^ < against,' and <ir6|^«^,
'dropsy.' A remedy for dropsy.
ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic.
ANTIHYSTERIC, Antihysteric.
ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti4et9r*i§u9y leterHmuy
from ovri, < against,' and f »ti(k>$3 'jaundice.' A
reoMdy for ianndice.
ANTI-IMPETIGENE8, SOLOMON'S, see
Liqaor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
ANTILABIUM, Prolabimn.
ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic.
ANTILAITEUXy Antigalactic.
ANTILEP'SIS, Affprthsnfsio, from amtttfC'
jlcMi, (I take hold of.' The mode of attaching
a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon
the soond parts. — 'Hippocrates. The mode of
securing bandages, &c., from slipping. Treat-
ment byreTulsiofl or derivation, (q. v.)
ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antiiakar'gieusyfrom
ovTi, 'against,' and Xti9*^r*»9fy 'affected with
lethargy.' A remedy for letluirgy.
ANTILITH'ICS, AntUith'iea, from m-ri,
'against,' and li&o^^ 'a stone.' A substance
that prevents the formation of calculi in the
uriaary organst
The chief antilithics— recording as the calculi
are lithie acid or phosphatic-^are alkalies or
acids; with revellents, especially ehange of air;
teaics, as the diosma crenata, (7) and uva
arB.(7)
ANTILLT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated French medicinal spring, near
M6auz, in France. The waters Imve not been
analyzed; but astonishing and ehimerical ef-
fects have been ascribed to them.
ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus.
ANTILOI'MIC, AMtiloi'mUu*j Antila'miey
AnHpestiUntia'itSy from «m, 'against,' and
2«<fc««, 'the plague.' A remedy for the plague.
ANTIL'OPUS. TheAn'ts^ps. (¥.)GagelU.
An African animal, whose hoofs and horns were
formerly given in hysteric and epileptic cases.
ANTILYS8US, Antihydrophobic.
ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, AntimeltvMfudfi-
etuy from «rT<, 'against,' and /Atl^y^^oiiA, 'me-
lanelK^.' A remedy for melancholy.
ANTIMEPHITIC, Antimapkit'icus, from
««T«, ' against,' and mepkUie (9. v.) A remedy
against mephitic or deleterious gases.
ANTIMOINEy Antimonium— a. Bturre d\
Antimomum muxiatum — «. Cklorurs </', Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Oxide d*, Algaroth — 0.
Oxide hlane d', Antimonium diaphoreticum— a.
Sou/re dore d*, Antimonii sulphuretum praeci-
pitatam— a. Sulfure d*y Antimonium— 10. Sul'
fwri hfdroeulpkure rouge ^y Antimonii sn^u-
retum rubrnm— a. Yerre d\ Antimonii vitrum.
ANTIMO'NIAL, AnHm&nia'lisy SHHaflie,
from arUvmonitimy 'antimony.' A composition
into which antimony enters. , A preparation of
antimony.
Ajntixo'nial Powdsk, PuM$ aittimonut^lis,
Oxfidum antimo^nii eumphoe'pkati etUcis, Phos-
phot colds etibiatusy P. Cal'oieum eHHa'tumy
Puims Jame'oiiy PtUvie stibia'tuoy Pulvia de
pkos'pkat9 ealeie et eHh'U ooMpos'ttne, Factitious
James's Powder, Scbwarbbeo's .F«««r Powdery
CHsmvix's Antpmotdal Powdsr, (F.) Poudre
antimoniale eomposee ou de Jambs. A peroxide
of antimony combined with phosphate of lime.
{Taie of common sulpkuret of aniimonf, 9>j;
hartshorn shavings y O&ij. Roost in an iron pot,
until they fdrm a gray powder. Put this into
a long pot, with a snudl hole in the cover.
Keep it in a red' heat for two hours, and grind
to a fine powder.) This preparation has long
been esteemed as a febrifuge: but it is extremely
uncertain in its action. The ordinary dose is 6
or 8 grains.
ANTIMONIALE CAU8TICUM, Antimo-
nium muriatum.
ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii
sulphuretum prscipitatum — ^a. Tartar, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum.
ANTIMONII (BUTYRUM,) Antimonium
muriatum^ — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum
a. Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a.
et Potasse tartras, (Ph. U. S.) Antimonium tar-
tarizatum— a. Murias, Antimonium muriatum —
a. Oleum, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oxydulum
hydrosulphnratum aurantiacum, Antimonii sul-
phuretum prsecipitatum— «. Oxydum, Algaroth
— a. Oxydum auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum
praecipitatum-Ha. Oxidum nitro-muhaticum, Al-
garoth— 41. Oxydum cum sulphure vitriihctum,
Antimonii vitrum*-a. Oxydum suljphuretimi vi-
tri£ftctnm, Antimonii vitrum^-«. Oxysulphive-
tum, A. sulphuretum pnecipitatum— 41. Potassio-
tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum— «. Regulus
medicinalis, Antimonium medicinale — a. Sal,
Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Sulphur auratum,
Antimonii sulphuretum pnecipitatum — a. Sul-
phur prsecipitatum, Antimonii sulphuretum prs*
cipitatum — a. Sulphuretum, Aqtimonium — a.
ANTIMONIOUS ACD)
ANTIMONIUM
Taitrft8» Aiitimonium taitarizatum— a. Tartras
et PotaBsae, Antimoniam tartarixatmn — a. Vi-
tnim hyacinthinttm, Antimonii vitnim.
ArTIMO'NII SuLPHUBB'TUM pB^CIPITA'Ttnf,
Sulphur antimonia'tumJSydro»ulpkur€*tu'm sti-
bio^sum cum sul'phurM^ Qxo'df stih^ii sulphura'-
turn, Oxfd'ulum antimo^nii hydrosulphuraftum
auranti'aeum^ Ox'fdum aura'tum antiimo^nii,
Sulphurt*tum tHh'U ot^ydttla'ti. Hydro-sulfU'
r€'tum lufteum ox'ydi stib'ii tul/ura'H, Sulfhur
antimo'nii praeipita'tum^Sulphur aura'tum an-
Umo'niiy Golden Sulphur of Antimony,
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Pradpitatumy A.
Oxysulphuretum, (F.) Soufr$ dori d^Aniimotne,
of tiie London Pkarmacopcsia, is nearly the same
as the old K$rmes Mineral. It is a powder of
an orange colour, of ^a' metallic, styptic taste.
It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, accord-
ing to the dose; and has been chiefly used in
chronic rheumatism, and in cutaneous luSections.
Do», gr. j. to gr. iv.
Antimonii Sulphuretum Praeipitatum of the
United States Pharmacopeia, (1843,) b made
by boiling together SulphurH of Antimony , in
fine powder. Solution of Potaeea^ and distilled
footer; straining the liquor while hot, and drop-
ping into it Diluted Sulphuric Acid so long as
it produces a precipitate.
Amtimo'rii Sulprubb'tux Rubbum, Red
Sul'phuret of An'timony, Hydrosulfure'tum
etU/ii ruSntm, Sub^ydroeul'fae stih'iiy Hydro-
tulphure'tum ruhrum stib'ii eulphura'ti, Pulvis
Carthusiano^rum, Kermea mineral, (F.) Hy-
droeulfure rouge d^Antimoine sulfure, Vermil-
ion de Provenee, Properties the same al the
last. Dose, gr. j. to gr. iv.
An timo'nii Vitbuk, Glcue of Antimony^ An-
timo*nii ox'ydum aulphwe^twm vitrifae'tumy
Oafydum stib'ii aemivit'reumj Antimo*fUum
^itrifa&tumy Ox'idum aniimo'nii cum eul'phure
vitrifac'twm, Vitrum etih^ii, Antimo'nii vitrum
hyaein'thinum, Oxyd'ulum atib'ii vitrea'tum,
(F.) Verre d'AfUimoine. (Formed by roasting
powdered common antimony in a shallow ves-
sel» over a gentle fire, till it is of a whitish
!?ray colour, and emits no fumes in a red heat ;
then melting it, on a quick fire, into a clean,
brownish-red glass.) It has been used for pre-
paring the tartarized antimony and antimonial
wine.
ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium dia-
phoreticum.
ANTIMO'NIUM, from onri, 'against,' and
A&ovoc, 'alone;' ». e, not found alone: or accord-
ing to others, from «vti, 'against,' and moine,
* a monk;' because, it is asserted, certain monks
suffered much from it. StiHy SHb'ium, Reg'u-
lu$ Antimo'niif Miner allium, Gynaee'umyMag-
ne'aia Satur'nif Marcaai'ta plum^beoy Platyoph-
thatmony Stim'mi, Aurum lepri/aum, Antim</-
nittm entdum, Antimo'nii atilphure'tumy Sul-
phurtttum atib'ii nigrum. Common Antimony,
Sulphnret of Antimony, (F.) Antimoine, Sul-
fure d'Antimoine, Sulphuret of antimony is
the ore from which all the preparations of anti-
mony are formed. In Pharmacy, it is the na-
tire sesquisulphuret of antimony, purified by
fusion. When prepared for medical use, by
trituration and levigation, it fofms a powder of
a black, or bluish gnj colour, which is insolu-
ble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative,
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
neous diseases^ &c.
AffTiMomvM Calcinatitii^ Antimonimn dk-
phoreticum.
AMTXxo'lfiUM DiAPBOBET'icTTM, Dtaphorofie
Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Bex''-
oard, Antimo'nium Caldna'tum, Mineral Dio'
phorefie, Matiire perlie de kxbebino, Pot"
oxide of Antimony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'-
nium diaphoretficum latum, Ceru^aa Antimo'-
nii, Calx Antimofnii elo'ta, Oxo'dea stiVU
jalbUm, Ox'idum atibu/aum, Deutoxide of An'ti-
mony, Ox'idum etib'ii album wtedianfti mtrtf
confeetum, (F.) Oxide blane d'Antimoine pri-
pari par la moyen du nitre. {Com m on anti>-
**^»y9 ^} ; pufified nitre, ttliij. — Throw it by
spoonfuls into a red hot crucible ; powder and
wash. The flowers that stick to the side of
the crucible must be carefully separated, other-
wise they render it emetic.) Dose, gr. z to
XXX. -
Antimoniuii EMBTictm, A. tartarizatuoa.
Antimo'nium Mbdicina^lb^ Reg^ulua Anti-
mo'nii Medieina'lia, Medicinal Reg^ulus of
Antimony, (Antimon, aulphur, Jv. Potaaa*
aubearb. ^i. Sodii chlorid, ^vr. Powder, mix,
and melt. When cold, separate the scoriae at
top, powder the mass, and wash it well.) It
is conceived to be more active than common
antimony.
Antimo'nitjm Mubia'tum, Antimo'nii Ma£-
riaa, Chlor'uret of An'timony, . Chlorur^twm
atib'ii, Spuma trium> draeo'num, Deuto-mmtiaa
atib'ii auUima'tua, Butter of Antimony, Mu-
riate of Antimony, Chloride of Antimony, Bm-
ty'rum Antimt/nii, O'lenm Antimo'nii, But^-
rum atib'ii, Caua^tieum antimofMli; Antitmo-
nium aali'tum, (F.) ChlorUre d'Antimoino,
Beurre d'Antimoine. (Common antimony and
corrosive sublimate, of each equal parts : grind
together, and distil in a wide-necked retort, and
let the butyraceous matter that comes over,
run, in a moist place, to a liquid oil.) A caustic,
but not much used as such. Sometimes taken
as poison.
Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium mmm-
tum.
Antimo'nium Tabtariza'tum, Tartria Anti-
mo'nii, Tartar Antimonia'tum, Sal Antiwto'nii,
Tartraa Potaa'aea atibio'aua sen atibia'lia, Tar-
trie lixiv'iea atibia'tua, Deuto-tartras pottta'em
et etib'ii, Tar'tarUa emet'ieua, Tar'tarum emof-
icum, Tartraa antimo'nii, Tartraa Antimo'nU
et PotaaacB, Antimo'nii et Potaaaai Tartraa
(Ph.U. S.), Antimo'nii potaa'aio-tartraa, Anti-
mo'nium emet'ictim, Tar'tarized An'timony, Tar-
trate of An'timony and potaa'aa, Potaaaio-tar-
trate of Antimony, Emetic Tartar, Tartar
Emetic, (F.) Tartre atibie, Tartre Emetiqm,
Amitique; in some parts of the United States,
vulgarly and -improperly called Tartar: (Made
by digesting aulphuret of antimdny in a mix-
ture of nitric and muriatic aeida witii the aid of
heat; filtering the liquor, and pouring it into
water: freeing the precipitate from acid, by
washing and drying it ; adding this powder to
bitartrate of potaaaa in boiling dietilled footer;
boiling for an hour, and after filtering the liquor
while hot setting it aside to crystalliie. — Ph.
U. 8.) Tartarized antimony is emetic,, some-
times cathartic and diaphoretic. Externally, it
is rubefacient. Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to
gr. iv. in solution : as a diaphoretic, gr. one-
sixteenth to gt. one-quarter.
The empirical preparation, called NoBsn's
ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF
63
ANTIBHACHITIC
Dbofb^ consntB of a solatioii oiUrtarizMi atui^
memy in rgdifisd spirits, disgoiaed by the addi-
tion of some vegetable colouring matter.
AiiTiMORnTif YiTaiFACTUMy Antimoiiii vi-
trnm.
ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF, Antimo-
niom mnriatum — a. Chloride of, Antimo-
nilim muriatom — a* Chlomret of, Antimo-
niiim muriatom — a. Beatozide o^ Antimoi^ium
liiaphoreticom — a. Flowers of, Algaroth — a.
Glass of, Antimonii vitrum — a. Golden pulpkur
of, Antimonii salphuretum pnsciiatanim— a.
Medicinal^ regolos of, Ajitinioaium medicinale
— a. Muriate of, Antimonium muriatom— -a.
Penuode of, Antimonium diaphoreticom — a. Po-
tamo-tartrate of, Antimoniimi tartariaatom'^
a. Snbmuriate of, Protoxide of, Algaroth— a.
Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sidphuretnm ru-
bmm— a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum
^a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoliatimi.
AirriMOHT AHD PoTAaSA, TABTaATS OP, An-
timonium tartarizatum.
ANTINEPHRITIC, Anttnepkret'ie^ Antine-
pkrtt^itus, from arrt, 'against,' and r«q}piTi(,
^ nephritia.' A remedy for inflammation of the
kidney.
ANTINEUROP ATHIC, Nenrine.
ANTINEUROTIC, Nerviae.
ANTKKim HPERA. A preparation ex-
tolled Vy tiie «Dcients, in melancholy, hydro-
phobia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of ger-
mander, agaric, pulp of colocynth, Aiabian
stscfaaa, opoponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristo-
lochia,wliite pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh,
hooey, &c.
Ahti'ocbi Thbuiaoa. A theriac employed
by Antiochus against every kind of ppison. It
was composed of thynoe, opoponax, millet, tre-
I<h1, femel, maiseed, nigella sativa, &c.
ANTIODONTAL'GIC, AnUuUntal'gU, An.
todcmaifgUuSy OdoHtal'gic, Odont*ic, Antiodon-
tal'gicus, from «vti, 'against,' and o^oiTaiyt0,
* toothache.' A remedy for toothache.
ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'timts, from
crvTf^ <r.gainst,' and ooyawy < I desire vehement-
ly.' A remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for
irritation in general.
ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalft'ieus, from
ovTf, 'against,' and wA^akvoa^ * palsy.' Op-
posed to palsy.
ANTIPAKASIT'IC, AnHparasifieus, An-
Hphth^riaeus, Phthi'rius, Parasi$*ieids; from
ani, 'against,' and aro^arrro;, ' a parasite '(q. v.)
An agent that destroys parasites, as the differ-
ent vermin that infest the body. The chief an-
tipsimsitica are Coceulus, Staphisagria, Vsrct'
trum albumy and certain of the mercurial prepa^
ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from artiy < oppo-
iite,'and itm^arxat^g, 'the epididymis;' also,
'the prostate,' and iUs, denotinff inflammation.
Inflammation of Cowper's glands.
ANTIPATHI'A, from am, 'against,' and
TTo^r, ' passion, affection.' Aversion. A' na-
tural repugnance to any person or thing.
ANTIPATHIC, AnHpath'ieus, (F.) ArUi-
patii^us. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite,
contiary, — as kumeurs antipathiqnss; humours
opposed to each other. Also, palliative, (q. v.)
ANTIP'ATRI THERIAC A, Thsnae of An-
TiF'ATBa. A fiirrago of more than 40 articles
osed as an antidote against the bites of serpents.
ANTIPERIODIC, AntipMottieusy from
am, ' against,' and ir$^ todo^, ' period.' A reme-
dy which possesses the power of arresting mor-
bid periodical poovements; — e. g. the sulphate
of quinia in intermittents.
ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, AnHpsristal'Heus,
Antivsrmie'tUar, from am, ' against,' and Trt*
<t0TixA<», ' I contract.' An inverted action of
the intestinal tube.
ANTIPERISTASIS, from ttm, 'against,'
and vi^irroaK, 'reunion, aggregation.' A
union of opposite circumstances: the action of
two contrary qualities, one of which augments
the force of the other. The peripateticians as-
serted, that it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is
jiotter in winter than in summer. Theophras-
tus attributes the cause, which renders man
more vigorous, and makes him digest more
readily in winter, to the augmentation of heat
caused by Antiperistasis.
ANTIPER'NIUS, from am, 'against,' and
Pmmoy ' a chilblain.' A remedy against chil-
blains; — as Ungnsn'tum antiper^mum, an oint-
ment for chilblains.
ANTIPERTUSSIS, kee Zinci sulphas.
ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic.
ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
ANTIPHLOGISTIC, AnHpklogis'Hcus,
from arrt, ' against,' and i^Jnym, ' I burn.' Op-
posed to influnmation ; — as AntipfUogisHc r«-
medies, A. regimen, &c.
ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, AnHphtkiri'aca,
from aru, ' acainst,' and tp^u^ittw, ' I am lousy.'
A remedy which is used to destroy lice.
ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,iln«»pAtAtV»<w#, from
aiT(, 'against,' and 9^tri{, ' consumption.' Op-
posed to phthisis.
ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives.
ANTIPHYSICAL, AnHpkys'ieus, from av-
Ti, 'against,' and ^9w, * I blow.' Anexpeller
of wind : a carminative, (q. v.)
It has also been usea for any thing preter-
natural; here, the derivation is from arti,
'against,' and 9v<r<(, 'nature.' The French
sometimes say, ' XTn godu antiphysigue.*
AIifTl¥hEXJKLT1C,Antipleurst'icus, Anti-
plsurBt'ie, from *»ti, 'against,' and nXtv^iXit,
' pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy.
ANTIPNEUMONIC, AnHpneumon'ieus,
from «vTf, ' against,' and nnv/utvia, ' disease or
inflammation of the lungs.' A remedy for dis-
ease or inflammation of the lungs.
ANTIPODAGRIC, Antiarthritic.
ANTIPRAXIS, from am, 'against,' and
n^tt^am, ' I act.' A contrary state of different
parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of
heat in one organ, and diminution in another.
ANTIPSOR'IC, AnHpso'Heus, Antisea'hi-
ous, from am, 'against,' and xf/mqa, ' the itch.'
(F.) Antigalswp, Opposed to the itch.
ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic.
ANTIPYIC, Antipy'icus, from «m,
' against,' and ww>, ' pus.' Opposed to suppu-
ration.
ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
ANTIPYROT'IC, Antipyrot'icus, from arti,
' against,' and wvq, ' fire.' Opposed to bums or
to pyrosis.
ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiquar'Hum,
A remedy formerly used against quartan fever.
. ANTIQUUS, Cbronic.
ANTIRHACHITIC, AnUrhaehit'ieus, from
a»T(, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to ra-
chitis, or rickets.
ANTIBHEUMATIC I
ANTIRHEUMATIC, Asuirrhmmaficus ;
from artiy ' against,' and ^iftf^tty < rheumatism.'
A remedy for rheumatism.
ANTIBHI'NUM LINAIUA, Una'Ha, L.
ituig^a^risj Oay'risy Urirn^rid, Common Toctd
Flaxy (F.) lanaire. The leaves have a bitter-
ish taste. They are reputed to he diuretic and
cathartic. An ointment made from them has
been extolled in hemorrhoids.
AifTisHi'nuic Eulti'nk, Elati^ni, Fluoilon or
FemaU Spesdwelly was formerly used against
■eunry and old ulcerations.
ANTISCABIOUS, Antitnoric.
ANTISCIRRHOUS, Anticancerons.
ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTISCaRBUTIC, Antiteorb^tiauo^inm
arttf 'against,' and 0€arhuu9y *ih» scurvy.'
Opposed to scurvy.
A N T I SC RO F 'ULO U S, Antismfuh'MU*,
Antistru'mosuSf Antteheeraitieus, Oppeeed to
scrofula.
ANTISEPTIC, Antiseftieusy AnHpu'trid,
from oyri, 'against,' and rij7rT*c, 'putrid.' An-
tiputrodino'aiu. Opposed to putrefaction. The
chief antiseptics, internally or externally em-
ployed, are Aeidum MuriaHeumj Addum Ni-
trieum, Aeidnm Stdphurieumy AlwmntB nc/-
^pkaty Carho Ligniy Calx chlorintUa, Ckiori-
num, Cifichona and its active principles, Croa-
ooUf Daud Radix, Ftrmsntum Cerevisitty Soda
ChloriMoiay and Zinei ehloridum,
A^TlSlAL'AQOGUZyAntisiaUgo'gteJyAn-
tisi'olusy from ovn , < against,' and ouLlor, * sa-
liva.' A remedy a^inst ptyalism.
ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion.
ANTISPASMODIC, AnHspasmod'tous, An-
tispa^Hen9y from arrty against,' and tf-Tram, ' I
contract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole
operation of antispasmodics is probably revul-
sive. The following are the chief reputed an-
tispasmodics. JBiher Siilpkurieuoy Asafmtiday
Castoreumy Draeontiumy Mosekus, OUum And-
male Bippelii and Va/efta»a^-with the mental
antispasmodics, abstraction, powerful emo-
tions, fear, &c. Of direct antispasmodics, we
have not an example.
ANTISPA8TICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva-
tive.
ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
ANTISTERIG^A, from am, 'against,'
and OTfi^vyuay 'a support.' A fulcrum, sup-
port, crutch. — Hippocrates.
ANTISTER'NUM, from arn, < against,' and
o-jt^tovy < the sternum.' The back. — ^RuAis.
ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous.
ANTISyPHILIT'IC, AnHsypkilit'iefiSy
from orr/, ' against,' and syphilis y < the vene-
real disease.' Opposed to the venereal dis-
ease.
ANTITASI8, Counter-extension.
ANTITHENAR, Opponens poUicis, Adduc-
tor pollicis pedis.
ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants.
ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
ANTITRAGICUS, AtuUra'geusy (F.) 2lff«^-
eU d« VAntitragusy M, antUragtfn. -^Ch.)
Belonging to the antitragus. A small muscle
is so called, the existence of which is not con-
stant. It occupies the space between the anti-
tragus and anthelix.
ANTITRAOIENy Antitragicns.
ANTIT'RAGUS, from am, 'opposite to,'
1 v^s
andrefiro^'thetngBS.' Antilo'HumyOUo'Hmm,
A conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear,
opposite the tragus.
ANTITYFIA, from mr^ * against,' and tvt-
Tu, 'I strike.' Resistance. Hardness. Re-
percussion.
ANTIVENE'REAL, Antiveno'rouo, from
ovrf y ' against,' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same
aa Antisyphilitic. Formerly it wis used sy-
nonjrmously with Antaphrodisiac.
ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic
ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthehnintic.
ANT'LIA or ANTLPA, from awrUn, 'to
pnmpiHit.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Atu-
Ua laftooy LattUufgittmy a breMt-^pump; and
AntUa eangmsWgOy Antibdelloy Biru'do artiji'
aia'lisy the exhauiting syringe used in o^qping.
AxTUA Gastrica, StDmack*puni|>.
ANTODONT AL6IC, Antiodootalgic.
ANTODYNUS, AnodyiM.
ANTRAX, AnChnx.
ANTREy Antrum— ^.^ITyyAMDrVyAJitrBBi
of Highmore.
ANTROYERSIO, Anteversio.
ANTRUM, 'A cavern,' Cwvemfa (q. r.)
Bar'athrvmy (F.) Autre, A name given to
certain cavities in bones, the entranee to whi^
is smaller than the bottom.
Antrum Auxis, Tympanum— a. Boccinomini,
Cochlea, Labyrinth-^. Bentale, see Tooth— n.
Pylori, see Stomaeh.
Antrum of HiaaMORB, Antmm Sigjlmoriof^
num. Antrum Otnesy Antrum maxUla'ri vel
maxil'l^ ouporio*risy &enyaH'trumy Meuc'tllary
Sinus y Sinus Oenat pituita'rittSy (F.) Aniro
d'HygkmarSy Sinus itaeeillairB, A deep ca-
vity in the substance of the superior maxillary
bone conomnnicating with the middle meatus of
the nose. It is lined by a pr«4ongation of the
Scbneiderian membrane.
AmJhUS,Possstt9.
ANURESIS, Ischuria.
ANURIA, Ischuria.
ANUS, 'a circle,' Fodsx, PotsXy Mol'yniy
Xolfn'Uy Daetfl'iosy Cath'sdroy Cyr^esoUy Cys^-
sairoSy Cysthosy Apklodray Aph'sdroUy Hedroy
Proetosy Archosy Sedesy Cuius. The circular
opening situate at the inferior extremity of the
rectum, by which the excrement is expelled.
Thb fundament. The seaty (F.) Siige. The
body. Thbseat.
Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
Aqusduet of Sylvius. By scmie, this Anus,
called also Pora^mon eommu^nS poste^riusy has
been supposed to form a communication be-
tween the back part of the third ventricle and
the lateral ventricles. It is closed up, how-
ever, b}[ the tela choroidea, and also by the for>
nix, which is intimately connected with this.
The foramen is situate between the commissu-
ra mollis of the optic thalami and the pineal
gland.
Anus, AxTinciAL. An opening made arti-
ficially, to supply the natural anus. The term
is often usea to include preteraatural anus,
(q. V.)
Anus, Cohtractrd, (F.) Anus riirsoi. A
state of the anus when*, from some cause, it is
constricted.
Anus, Impervoratx. A malformation in
which there is no natural anus. See Atresia
ani adnata.
Anus, Prktxrnat'ural, (F.) Anus eoutre
AiaiETY
APHASSOKENOS
natun. A* amormai. An accidental opening
which gives issue to the wbole or to a part of
the feces. It. may be owing to a wound, or,
which is most common, to gangrene attacking
the intestine in a hernial sac.
This term is also employed, as well as A^us
dmfii, dmnou9 aifw«, to the case where the anus
ioftead 6f being in its natnral situation, is in
SQOie neighbonring cavity, as the bladder, va*
gins, Jce.
ANXI'ETT, Anxi:«ta»jA>ud'0tudM, Adrnnu/-
ma, Vftpk^'ria afun^etaSj Alyt'mnu, Al'ytB^
Al'ysis, Asi, from ^ngere, 6r. ayx**^* 'to
itnngle, to soflbeate.' A state of restlessness
and agitation, with general indisposition, and a
(hstieMmg sense of oppression at the epigas-
triom. Ltgyittudt, mnaneif^ and anguUk^ xit-
present de^ees of the same condition*
ANYPNIA, Insomnia.
AOCHLFSIA, ftom «, pHv. and t jlof , < dia-
torbaiice.' Tranqnillity. Calmness.
AORTA, ArU*rta magnd, A. erassth A.
flior'tsia, (F.) AorU. This name was given
fay Aristotle to the chief artery of the body. . It
may have been derived from ao^toftoi, 'I am
suspended,' as it seesas to be suspended from
the heart; or from ai^f, <air,' and riiffat, <I
keep,' beoiuae it was supposed to contain air.
It is probable that Hippocrates meant by ao^M
the bronchia and their ramifications. The
aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of
the body. It arises from die left ventricle of
the heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal ver-
tebra, passes upwards {aseending Aortoy) forms
the great arch of the Aoria^ and descends along
the left of the spine {detcending Aorta,) until
it reaches the middle of the fourth or fifth lum-
bar vertebra, where it bifbrcates, to give origin
to the common iltacs. The aorta is sometimes
divided into the Tkorade or pectoral, and the
AUominai. For the arteries which arise from
it, fcc., see Artery.
AORTEURTS'MA, from a»«Tir» 'the aorta,'
ind n^(, < dilatfid.' Aneurism of the Aorta,
(f.)JlHevrfsma de VAorte, Aortiectasie, By
ordhlly auscultating over the dorsal vertebrs,
a bellows' sound, vrith a deep and not always
perceptible impulse, may be detected.
AORTIC, Aof'Hme. Relating to the Aorta.
The Aortic vmUrieU, (F.) Vmtride Aortiquo,
is the left ventricle. The Aortic val^ea are
the sigmoid valves at the origin of the Aorta,
fcc.
AORTIECTASIE, Aorteurysma.
AORTITIS, Injiamma'tio Aor'tm, from
Amta, and itis, denoting inflammation. In-
flammation of the aorta.
AORTRA, Aortron, a^^a, m^t^ «»• A lobe
of the lungs. — Hippocrates.
AOTUS, from a, privative,, and twc, «an
ear.' A monster devoid of ears. Gurlt.
APAG'MA, Apoclas^ma, Apoceeaulis'menon,
from ora, < from,' and ayn, < I remove.' Separa-
tion, abduction, (q. v.) Separation of a frac-
tured booe.—- Galenus, Fofisius.
APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio.
APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria--tf.aF«wt7/««
de Prunior, Ptinos— 4U Gallia, Ilex Vomitoria.
APALliAGE, Apallax'ic, from anaUrro,
* I change.' Mutation, change. It is generally
t>^ in a good sense, and means the change
from disease to health. — Hippocrates.
APALLAXIS, Apallage.
APAL0T1CA, from anaxtrat, < softness,
tenderness.' Fortuitous lesions or deformities
affecting the soft parts. The first order in the
class TyckUa, of Good.
APANTHESIS, Apanthismus.
APANTHIS'MUS, ApoMthc^sis, from an;
< from,' and «rdf«, * I flower.' The obliteration
of parts previously inservient to useful pur-
poses, as of the ductus venosus and ductus ar-
teriosus, which are essential to foetal existence,
but are subsequently unnecessary. See, also,
Stnprum.
APANTHRO^IA, from ane^ 'from,* and
m.f0qwrot, <man.' Detestation of man; desire
for solitude.— Hippocrates. One of the symp-
toms of hypochon<kiasis.
APAPHRISM08,. Despumatimi.
APARACHTTUM VINUM, from «, prir.,
and uAfAjnm, < I poor over.' The purest wine :
that in4uai has not been mixed with sea-water.
—Galen.
APARINE, Galium aparine.
APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
AP' ATH Y, Apathi'a, Amdi'a, from «, priva-
tive, and 7r<t<^(, < affection.' {VJ)AfatkU. Ac-
cidental suspension of the itaoral feelings. It
takes place in very severe diseases, particularly
in malignant fevers.
APECHE^MA, from am, <from,' and >//or,
< sound.' Properly the action o(f reflecting
sound. In medicine, it is synonymois with
the Latin Contraficenra, a coaiiter-fissure, a
counter-blow.— Gorrseus, Celsus.
APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothoms.
AFEL^A,App«l'la,Lcipoder'mo9,Recuti'tus,
from a, priv., and pellic, ' skin.' One whose
prepuce does not cover the glans.— Galenus,
Linnsus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of
any other soft appendage.— Sagar. One who is
circumcised.
APEPSIA, Dyspepsia.
APE'RIENT, ApfrUns, Apertti'vus, from
aperire, {ad and pario,) * to open.' Rce'erang,
A laxative, (q. v.) (F.) ApMtif. A medicine
which gently opens the bowels. The term had
formerly a much more extensive signification,
and, like Caialyt'icum, was given to a substance
supposed to have the power of opening any of
the passages, and even the blood-vessels.
APERISTATON, Apcris^tatum,fTom «, pri-
vative, and nt^um}fu, ' I surround.' An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable, nor
surrounded by inflammation.
APERITIF, Aperient.
APERITIVUS, Aperient.
APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrse supe-
rioris.
APERTO'RITJM, from aporio, « I open.' An
instrument for dilating the os uteri during la-
bour.
APERTURA, Mouth— a. Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri. Vulva (cerebri)— a. Pelvis supe-
rior, see Pelvis.
APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum.
APEX, Mucro. The point or extremity of
a part:— as the apex of the tongue, nose, &c.
Apex Lihgujb, Proglossis.
APH^RESIS, Aphevesis, Extirpation.
APH AL ANGI'ASIS, from a, * intensive,' and
<P*l*Yt, < phalanx,' (q. v.) The fourth stage of
Oriental leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by
a gangrenous condition of the fingers.
APHASSOM'ENOS, from a^Mvo, <I touch.
APHEDRA
66
APIUM GRAVEOLENS -
I feel.' Tke touching of the parts of genera^
tion of the female as a means of diagnosis.—
Hippocrates. See Esaphe.
APHEDRA, Anus.
APHEDRIA, Menses.
APHEDRON, Anus.
APHELI'A, ^tptXrig, < simple.' Simplicity.
The simple manners of the sect of Methodists
in teaching and practising medicine.
APHELXIA, from a^tijrtti, <J abstract.'
Voluntary inactivity of the whole or the greater
part of the external senses to the impressions
of surrounding objects, during wakefutaiess.
R^very, (F.) Rsveru. Dr. Good has intro-
duced this into his Nosology, as well as Apkilxf-
ia soeors or absence of mind'^Am intm'.ta or db-
Mraeti&n of mind: and A.oHt/ta, Stufdium ituji*
ni, hrovm 9tudy or listless musing,
APHEPSEMA, Decoction.
A PHEPSIS, Decoction.
APHE'RESIS, Apha'resisy from a$atqsm, * I
take away.' An operation by which any part
of the body is separated from the other. Hip-
pocrates, according to Foesius, uses the expres-
sion Apka'rssis S»n'guims for excessive hemor-
rhage; and Sennertus, to express the condition
of an animal deprived both of the faculties of
the mind and of the mind itself.
APH'ESIS, from ^fttjut, < I relax.' A remis-
sion (q. V.) This word expresses sometimes
the diminution or cessation of a disease; at
others, languor and debility of the lower extre-
mities. See Languor, and Remission.
APHIL ANTHROPY, Aphilanthro'pia,fTom
«, privative, tpilt*, < I love,' and atS^nn^y < a
man.' Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vo-
gel has given this name to the first degree of
melancholy.
APHISTESIS, Abscess.
APHODEUMA, Excrement.
APHODUS, Excrement.
APHONETUS, Aphonus.
APHQ'NI A, Uga'tio lingua, Loqus'la aboT
iiOy Defee't-ns logve'lee, Dyspko'nia, q. v.,; (of
some,) Apk'ony, (F.) Apkonisy Perte ds la Voias,
from a, privative, and 9«9V^, <* voice.' Privap
tion of voice, or of the sounds that ought to be
produced in the glottis. When aphonia forms
Wirt of catarrh or of < cold,' it is commonly of
but little consequence; but when produced by
causes acting on the nervous . system, as by
some powerful emotion, or without any appre-
ciable lesion of the vocal apparatus, it fre-
quently resists all remedies.
Aphonia, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas
Surdorum.
APHONICUS, Aphonus.
APHO'NUS, Apko'nicus, Apko'nstus; same
etymon. Relating to aphonia.
APHONY, Aphonia.
APHORIA, SteriUtas.
APHORICUS, Sterile.
APHORUS, Sterile.
APHOR'Mfi, ct^oc/Ki?, < occasion.' The ex-
ternal and manifest cause of any thing. The
occasional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates.
APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from «<fpof, <foam,'
' and ai^sc, < resemblance.' Applied to the blood
and the excrements.— Hippocrates.
APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty.
APHRODISIAC, Aphrodisiaeusy from A«p»-
^irn, * Venus.' (F.) Aphrodisiofiu, Medicine
or food believed to be capable of exciting to the
pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides, lie.
They are generally stimulants.
APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
APHRODISIASMUS, Coition.
APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from A^Q^mi,
Venus,' and ygafoi, <I describe.' Etymolo-
gieally, this term means a description of tke
pleasures of love, but it has been placed at tbe
head of a work describing the venereal diseaK.
APHROO" AL A, from as^«r, < foam,' and yaXa,
< milk.' Lae spumo'sum, A name 'formerly
given to milk rendered frothy by' agitation.
APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity.
APHTHA, Aphta, Aptha, from awrmy * I
inflame.' Thrush or sort mouihy Aphtha U»-
tufdmsn^ A. Infani*umy Ladu^eimeny LattU'
cimfinayAl'colet^Laetu'minayEm'phlysis aphtha,
Uleera sorpon*tia Oris, Pus*tula oris yFsbris aph-
tho'sa, Angi*na aphtho^soy Vesie'uies gingiva''
rumy Typhus aphtholdeus, Stomati'tis eaesuda-
ti'va, 8. vesieulo'sa infantum, Siomap^yra, 8,
aphtha, Prunsl'la, Whits Thrush, MUk Ukrusk.
Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl-coloured ve-
sicles, confined to the lips, mouth, and inte»>
tinal canal, and- generally terminatiiig in cord-
like sloughs. In prance, the Aphtlw of chil-
dren, Aphthss des- snfans, is called MuguM,
Millet y Blanehst, Catarrhs buccal and SumatiU
crtmeuse pultaee^, Fuitaesous Injlammatiom of
the Mouth; and generally receives two divisionB
—the mild or discreet, (F.) Muguet bsnin on
discret, and the malignant, (F.) Mugust maU*
ou conjluont, the Black Thrush. ConuDon
Thrush is a disease of no consequence, requi-
ring merely the use of absorbent laxatives. The
malignant variety, which is rare, is of a more
serious character, and is accompanied with ty-
phoid symptoms.
Aphthjb Adultobum, Stomatitis, aphthoiM—
a. Preputii, Herpes prepntii— «. berpentes,
Cancer aquaticus.
APHTHE GANQRANEUXy Cancer aquati-
cus. .
APHTHE8 DES ENFANSy Aphthe.
APHTHEVX, Aphthous.
APHTHO'DES, Aphthoidss, AphthoUous,
from aphth€B,w[kA H^i, < resemblance.' Aph-
thous-like. Resembling aphths.
APHTHOUS, ji^Ao'9««, (F.) A^thsHx.
Belonging to aphtb«{ complicated with aph-
tha ; as Aphthous Jpsver,
APIASTRUM, MeUssa.
APICES CRURUM MEDULLiE OBLON-
GATiE, Corpora striatan-4. Digitorum, Pupoic.
APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
APIONTA, see Excretion.
APIOS, Pyrus comnmnis.
APIS, Bee.
APITES, from «7k<ov, <a pear.' Perry. — Gor-
raus.
A'PIUM GRAVEOLENS, il;»«M»s Paluda'-
pittm, Beli'num, Smallage, (V,)Aehe. Nat. Ord,
Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
The plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and
carminative* Selery is a variety of this.
Apium Pktrjbum, Bubon Macedonicum.
Apium PsTKOSELi'inrM, Apium Borten'sf,
Eleoseli^num (7), Chielum, Petroseli'num or
Common Parsley, <F.) PersU. The root— P«-
troselinum, (Ph. IT. S.)— 4Uid seeds are diuretic
and aperient.
APLASTIC
€7
APOMTLENAS
APLASTIC, Aplas'HeuSf from «, priTative,
and n-Xar^my * I form.' That which is not cap^
ble of forming; that which does not serve to
form, or is not organizable. '
Aplastic £i.BME]fT; one which is unsuscep-
tible of any &rther amoont of organisation. —
Gtfber.
APLESTIA, Inglttvies, Intempeiance.
APLEU'ROS, from «, privatire, and irlfti^oc,
'arib.' One without ribsd — ^Hippocrates. Galen:
APLOTX)MT, Aplotom'iay from anUoc,* sim
(rfe,' and rtftrmy * I cut.* A simple incision.
APNEUSTIA, Apncea, Asphyxia.
APN(E'A, from «, privative, and mw, *I re-
epire.' Asfkyx'ia, Apneus^tia. Absence of re-
spiration, Bssfiraftio ahl^ita, or insensible re-
spiration. Also, Ortbopncea, (q. v.)
Apn<sa IiffFANTtns, Asthma Thymi^m.
APN(EASP9TXIA, Asphyxia.
APNUS, «ryoo^, same etymon. One devoid
of nspiration. An epithet applied by authors
to cases in which the respiration is so small and
slow, that it seento suspended* — Castelli. It is
probable, however, that the word was always
applied to the patient, not to the disease.
APO, ttwy a prefix, denoting * from, of, off,
out.' Hence—
APOBASOSA, Embamma.
APOBAINON, Eventus.
APOBESOMENON, Eventus.
APOBIOSIS, Death.
APOBLEMA, Abortion.
APOBOLE, Abortion.
APOBRASMA, Furfur.
APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restan-
ratio.
APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis.
APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma.
APOCENO'SIS, Apo#Mn9'W#,fTom «m,<out,'
sod sc?«0>ic, * evacuation .' A partial evacuation,
Mcording to some, in opposition to Cenosis,
▼faich signifies a general evacuation. — CuUen
sod Swednor apply it to morbid fluxes.
AP0CI50SIS, Abevacuatio^-a. Diabetes melli-
ttts, Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Sali-
ratioD-^a. Yomitns pyrosis. Pyrosis.
APOCHOREON, Excrement*
APOCHREMMA, Sputum.
APOCHREMPSIS, Exspnition.
APOCHTMA, from acTrc/ioi, *^I pour out.'
A sort of tar, obtained from old ships; which is
impregnated with chloride of sodium. It was
^»ed as a discutient of tumours. — Aetius, Pan-
lus, Gomeus.
APOCIN GOBE'MOZrCBB, A^ocynam an-
droaannifolium.
APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma.
APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
APOCOPE, from «iro, and xinrtivy < to cut.'
Abscission, (q. v.) A wound with loss of sub-
stance. Fracture with loss of part of the bone.
Amputation.
APOCOPUS, Castratus.
APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre-
tion.
APOCROUS'TIC, Apocrous'tiea sen Apo-
f^Hs'tieay {remedHoy) from «7n>, ' out,' and ir^ot/iu,
'1 iNish.' An astringent and repellent, (q. v.)
— Galenas.
APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic.
AP0CY£8IS>Pafturition. I
APOC'TNUM ANDROSiEMIFO'LIUM,
from eofy and xyt»Vy <a dog,' because esteemed,
of old, to be fatal to dogs. Dog^s Btme, Bittt
Dog^M Ban€y MilJkweed, Bitterrooty Honey bloomy
Catekjly, Flytrap^ Ip^eeaCy (F.) Apoein goh9-
mouehe. A, amer, Nat. Ord. Apocyneas. S^se,
Syst, Pentandria Digynia. The root of this
plant is found from Canada to Carolina. Thirty
grains evacuate the stomach as effectually as
two-thirdff of the amount of Ipecacuanha, by
which name it is known in various parts of the
eastern states. It is in the secondary list of
the Pharmacopceia of the United States.
Apoo^THrM Canitab'inuh, Indian Hemp.
This American plant possesses emetic, cathar-
tic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties, and
has l>een strongly reconmi^ded in dropsy.
It has been given m decoction, — ^i} of the root
boiled in three pints of water to two. A wine-
glassfrd for a dose.
ApocTNtTM NovjB Anolije Hirsutum, Ascle*
pias tuberosa — a. Orange, Asclepias tuberos e
a. Scandens, Allamanda.
APODACRYT'ICUS, DslackrymaH'vuSy
from ««■«, <from,' and daitQvwf <I weep.' A
substance, sui^posed to occasion a flow of the
tears, and then to arrest them. — Columella,
Pliny, Galenus.
AP0DEMIAL6IA, Nostalgia.
APOD'IA, from c, privative, and mvf, *a
foot.' Want of feet; hence Apous or Apus, one
who has no feet.
APODYTE'RIUM, Contste'riwmy SpoHato'-
rium, Spolia'riumy from aircivti, * I Strip off.'
The ante-room, where the bathers stripped
themselves in the ancient Gymnasia.
APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning.
APOGAL ACTOS, Exuber.
APOGEUSIS, Ageustia.
APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia.
APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
APOGON, Imberbis.
APOG'ONUM, from a/r; and yiM/uai, <I
exist.' A living foetus in utero.— Hippocrates.
AP0LEPISI9, Desquamation.
APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation.
APOLEP'SIS, Apolep'tiay Apolip^eis, from
anoXafitfS*vw, *I retain.' Retention, suppres-
sion. — Hippocrates. Asphyxia.
APOLEX'IS, from airojiijy«, < I cease.' Old
age, decrepitude.
APOLINO'SIS, from ano, and it/wv, <a flaxen
thread.' The mode of operating for fistula in
ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or JW-
num crudum* — Hippocrates, Paulus.
APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis.
APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscya-
mus.
APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
APOLYS'IA, Apol'ysisy from atto^uw, 'I
loosen.' Solution. Relaxation. Debility of
the limbs or looseness of bandages. — Erotian.
Expulsion of the foetus and its dependencies.
Termination of a disease. — Hippocrates, Galen.
APOMATHE'MA, Apomaihe'sity from «7r«,
and Aia>^«r«, < I learn.' Forgetfulness of things
taught. — Hippocrates.
APOM'ELI, from *to, «of,' and a«»^<, 'ho-
ney.' An oxymel (q. v.) or decoction made of
honey. — Galen, Aetius, Paulus, &c.
APOMEXIS, Munctio.
APOMYLE'NAS, from «7roMw««««*, 'I
make a wry moutli.' One who pushes his lips
APOMTTHOflU
APOPLEXIA
ibrwardfi prettiBg them agdiut ^icli other.
OceaaionAll^r a symptom of nerroos fevers-
Galen, Erotian.
APOMYTH(y SIS» from ^ofiv^rmy < I snora.*
A dinaae in which tjiere ia 8tartor«-»Sanvagea,
Sagar.
APOMTXIA» Nanl mvcu.
APONEUROGkRAPHY, Apomeurograffkiat
from ovoftw^rir^ an * aponearouBy' and yQ"^^*
< a deacription.' A deteription of the Aponeo-
rosea.
APONEUROL'OOT, Apomurolog^'ia^ from
«nQFt«(«flr<f» < an aponeorosis,' voAlofty ^ adis-
oonrse.' Ap9n»ur9siol'9gy. The Anatomy of
the Aponeuroses.
APON£UROSIOLOGT» Aponeurology.
APONEUROSIS^ ApvMvrv'tif^ from ofrt,
* from/ and M«9i»» ' a nenre.' JPnnurvc^iio,
D w trv a ^tia, JEnsrvaftiOf SxpofnftiQ n^rvo'sOf
(F.) Aponeurose, Apondvrou. The andents
called every white part ftuQtti and regarded the
Aponeurosis as a nervous expansion. The
Aponeuroses are white, shining memhranes,
very resisting, and composed of fibres inter-
laced. Some are continuous with the musoular
fibres, and differ onlv from tendons by their flat
form. They are called Aponeuroses of insert
Hon J (F.) Aponevroses dHnaettiony when thev
are at the extremities of muscles, and attach
them to the bone ; — Aponeuroses ofinterseeeion^
(F.) Aponivroses dHnUrseeiiony if they inter*
rupt the continuity of the muscle, and are con*
tinuous on both sides with muscular fibres.
Others surround the muscle, and prevent its
displacement : they are called enveloping Apo^
neuroses J (F.) Aponevroses d'enveioppe,
Aponeukosis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata
^a. Femoral, Fascia lata*— a. Iliac, Fascia
iliaca.
APONEUROSITIS, from aponeurosisy and
itiSf < denoting inflammation.* Inflammation
of an aponeurosis.
APONEUROTIC, Apmuurot'unu. What
relates to Aponeuroses : — thus, we say Aponeu^
roHc expansion^ Aponeurotic muscle^ &c.
APONEUROT'OMY, Aponeurotom'iay from
mvtnav^metty * aponeurosis,' and <n}uy», < I cut.'
Anatomy of aponeuroses.
Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the
division, (debridement) of filaments, &c. in apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of £uci«.
APONiYROSE PADIEUSEy see Pedal
Aponeurosis— a. Superfidelle de P Abdomen at
ds la Ouisse, Fascia superficialis.
APONEYROSIS, Aponeurosis.
APON'IA, from », privative, and nof«c,
< pain.' Freedom from pain.
APONIPSIS, Ablution.
APOPALLE'SIS,jtf;w/rarM5,from«7ro9r«ia»,
* I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion. — ^Hip-
pocrates.' Also, Abortion, (q. V.)
APOTATE'MAyApop'atkosyApop'atus. The
excrement, and the plaee where it is deposited.
— Dioscorides, Erotian.
APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
APOPHLEOMATISANS PER NARES,
Errhine — a. per Os, Sialogogne.
AP0PHLE6MATISANTIA, Apophiegma-
tison*tay Apopkiegmatis*miy from ««*•, <out,'
and sliy/ua, < phlegm.' Medicines which faci-
litate ^e upward expulsion of mucus from the
mucous membrane of the digestive or air pas-
sages ; as gardes, maaticatories, fcc.
APOFBLEQ^AnSMyApopUegmatiym
The action of Apophlegmatisantia.— Galen.
AP0PHLE6MATISMI, ApopUegmatiaan-
tia.
APOPiPRADES, from tare^e^ty 'uliieky.'
An epithet applied to unlucky oays, (dies no-
fandi,) Days on which a favourable change
is not eiqiected to occur in a disease^— >A. Laa-
reatius.
• APOPHRAXIS, AmenorrhoBa.
APOPHTHARIifA, Apopk'thoroy from one,
and ^^11911, ^ I corrupt.' Abortion, aa well as
a medicine to procure abortion.
APOPHTHORA, AborUon.
AP0PHTH0RIU8, Abortive.
APOPHY'ADES, from ant, <from,' and ^«»,
( I spring.' The ramifications of veins and ar-
teries."-**HippoCralea.
APOPHYSB BAaiLAIRSy Baailary pio-
c e s s a. Sngehumte on vetginaUy Yaginal pro-
cess-*-4. ^yramidaley aee Temporal Boae a-
Pitresy see Temporal Bone.
APOPHYSES MPINEUSESy Spinous pio-
cesses of the vertebne.
APOPHTSIS, from catty • fiPOBS,' and 9**-,
^I rise,' Ec^pkpsisy Proees'ansy Jippendi^y Ji
process of a bone, Prominen'tia ossis etmtin'ua.
When the apophysis is yet sepamted frt>m the
body of the Done by intervening cartilage, it is
called Epiphysis. The apophyses or- processes
are, at times, distinguished by epithets, expres-
sive of their form : as J§, styloid, A, eorucmdy
&c. Others, are not preceded by the word
apophysis; as Trochantery Tuberosity, &c.
' Apopb'tsxs of In okab'sias is a term applied
to the lesser ak of the sphenoid bone.
Apophtsis op Rau, Or^ apophyse du Mar-
teaWi see Malleus.
Apophysis Ztoomatica, Zygomatic process.
APOPIES'MA, from «irtrMC«, * I compress.'
Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied
expression or foreing out of humours by the
application of bandages in wounds and frac-
tores.
APOPLANESIS, Error loci.
APOPLECTIC, ApopMHeus. Referring
to Apoplexy. This word has various significa-
tions. It is applied,- 1. To individuals labour-
ing under apoplexy : 3. To remedies proper for
combating apoplexy: 3. To the constitution,
temperament, or make, Arehiteem*ra apopiec'-
tieay Hah'itus apople&ticusy which predisposes
to it, and, 4. To the symptoms which charac-
terize apoplexy; as Apopleetie sleep, A. etroJte,
(q. V.) A. stertory &c. The jugular veins have
also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins,
Venee opoplec'tiees.
Apoplectic Cell. The cavity remaining in
the encephalon, after the efiusion of a clot into it.
APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apo-
plectic.
APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy--^. Catalepaia,
Catalepsisr-a. Cerebiaus, see Apoplexy — a.
Cerebri, see Apoplexy — a.. Cordis, Hsemoear-
diorrhagia — a. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus
intemus— «. Hepatica, Bepatorrhagia — a. Me-
dullaris, Apoplexia myelitica — a. Meningaa,
Apoplexy, meningeal.
Apoplkxia Mtklit'ioa; A. MedmUt^riey A.
Spina'liSyA, Raekia'lisy Hamor^rkaehisy My-
elorrha^'iay Myelapoplex'iay (F.) Apoplesrie
de la MoUle ipinikrCy Hihnerrhagie de Us Mo-
Ule ipinihrcy Hemato^enyiliCymmO'mySlorrka*
AJ^OTIMXIS CAPZLLAIRS fi
gisj Hi f m mt o nkmthi 9, HUDorrbage into the
spiflalBaanow.
ApoPLBXIA NBBVOBAy ApOpleXy, I Htlf HO P-
a. NemMH tnamatieay ConcoMioii of the btain
«-«. PituitoMy see Apoplezy^-HU Pvlmoindis,
see Haemoptyus— a. PHiinoimm, see Haemop-
tysis — a« Ronlu, Apoplezj, renal — a* Rha-
dualis, A. myeUtica— -a. Saagninea, see Apo-
plezy--«. Seroaa, see Apoplexy— a. Simplex,
Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spasmodica, Apoplexy,
nerroos-^a. Spinal, Apoplexia myelitioft^-4i.
Temnlenla, see Tenralentia.
APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRBy MoIUties
cerebri — a. CMbraUf Apoplexy, Himorrkagie
eiribraU.
APOPLEJtIE FOUDROTANTEy « Thun-
dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which
is intense and^rapidly firtal.
APOPLEZIB MENlNQiBy Apoplexy,
meningeal— «• J>« la Mt&h £piMikr&y Apo-
plexy, sfnnal.
AP'OPLEXT, Apoplt^iayfromaironKti^ttv,
* to strike with Tiolence.' At the present day,
the term apoplexy is employed by many writers
to signify inUrHiHai himorrhagty (F.) Himor-
rhagU inierstitielley or every efihsion of blood,
which occnis suddenly into the substance of
an organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cere-
bral apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, &c. &c.
Fonnerly it was always and still is by many
-MBiaed in an entirely symptomatic sense, to
signify, in other woras, the train of phenome-
na, which characterize cerebral apoplexy. This
disease, H mmorrh s ^ gia Cer^eMy Aphro'niay Ca^
rat ApopUafiay Coma Apoplex^ia, Apoplta^ia
mr*tbri tangidnftOy A. cerebrt^lUy EneBpkalor^
rka^ia, San'guifds ietusy Samat9fUiepk*a'
lum, Pnlpem^iay Sid^r^Hoy ApiUpnoy Morbus
atuyn'itusy OnUOy TkeopUgia^ Th»9pl9<e'%ay
(F.) ApofUxiey A. eirihraUy Hemaio&nce-'
fkaliey Coup de 'tomgy is characterised by di-
minution, or loss of sensation and mental ma-
nifestation ; b J the cessation, more or less com-
plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state,—
drcnlation and respiration continuing. It gene-
rally consists in pressure upon the bmin; either
from turgescence of vessels, or from extrevasa-
tioD of blood; hence the terms 'Ham/BnMpk'alutiy
Hemorrhagis eSrebnUoy and H4mo0neepkalor'
rhagUy applied to it by some. The general prog-
nosis is imibyonrable; especially when it occurs
after the age of 35. When Apoplexy as accom-
panied with a bard, full pulse, and flushed coun-
tenance, it is called Apoplma gangmn'eOy -Ca-
taplifora coma ; when with a feeble pulse and
pde countenance, and evidences of serous eifti-
sion, ApopUa^ia sero^say A, pUuUo'aay Serous
Apoplexj, Catank'ora kydroeepheU'ieay Ence-
^laioeh'ysis s$wlisyHydrocef^'alus aeu*tus se-
num, Hydroeneephalorrhie, (Piorry,) Hydropi-
K> cirihrals suraiguiy Hydrorrhagie,
In Nsrvous Apoplssnfy Apapls^ia nervo^sa seu
ifpasmod'ieay A. simplex, single apoplemyy no le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection,
although the patient may have died under all ^e
pbenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
Apoplxxt of thx Hsart, Hemo-cardior-
rhagia.
Apoplsxt, BCvmiOB'AL, Apoplex'ia menin-
gafa, (T.) Apoplexie meningiey Himorrkagie
neningte. Hemorrhage fh>m the meninges of
tlie brain or spinal marrow-^^enerally into the
great cavity of the aiachnoid.
AH>6TAXIS
ApoplsxT) Nsbvoto, see ApopleKy>-4u Pul-
monary, see Haemoptysis-— a. Simple, A. Ner-
Apo^uzt, Rsnal, ApOflmfia ronatis. A
condition of the kidney, chcraeterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberenlated eminences, some of a
deep blade eoloor. EfiVision of blood into th6
substance of the kidney.
Apoflbzt, SBawms, see Apoplexy*^. Spi^
nal, Apoplendamyelitica.
APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
APOPNIXIS, Suffocation.
APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
APOPN(EA, Exspiratio.
APOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
APOPTO'SIS,flpom oneTrirw^ < I ihll down,*
A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian.
APORRHOE, Aporrhcea.
APORRH<E'A^ Apo/rhoiy Apor'rkysisy De^
JlWfriumy ftovtL oro^s*, * I flow from.' An ema-
nation, effluvium, contagion, (q. v.)-^Mo8chion.
A falling off of the hair, accoiding to some.
APOR'RHTSIS, Aporrhcsa.
APOSCEM'MA, AposesT^sisy ftem wfo%ipn»^
* I lie down, I direct m3^1f towards.' Afflux
of fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first
word has been applied to the excrements.^
Hippocrates, Galen.
APOSCENOSIS, Afwcenosis.
APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deaseia'tioy from
etno and rircv-a^fai', * a hatchet.' Wound of the
cranium, by a cutting instrument, in which a
piece of the bone has been cut out, as with a
hatchet. — Gorneus.
APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemttia.
APOS'CHASIS, Aposekas'musy from wiwv^
;tat*> * I scarify.' Searijioation, A slight su-
piQfficial incision in the skin. Also, blood-let-
ting. — Hippocrates.
APOS'IA, Sitts dsfeetusy from «, privative,
and «^0ff , < drink.' Want of thirst, absence of
desire for liquids.
APOSI'TIA, from ar«, «fS«>m,' and rirof,
<food.' Aversion for food. — Galen. See Disgust.
KVOSlT'lCyAjtoaitiens; the same etymology.
Any substance which destroys the appetite, or
suspends hunger.
APOSPAS'MA,ih>m aroTTfaw, <I tear or la-
cerate.' (F.) Arrackement (q. v.) A solution
of continuity, especially of a ligament. Rk*gma
ligamffUofriy Laeera'Ho ligamenta'ria,
AVO^VnACKhnAl^yApospkaeelis'mMSyftim
mwo, and (T^aiifliloo < mortification.' Gangrene in
wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages
being too tight. — Hippocrates.
APOSPHINXIS, sLn^^ty^Ky constriction,
compression. The action of a tight bandage^-*
Hippocrates.
APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for
any purposc^Gorraeus.
APOSTALAGIVfA, Apoatag^ma, from cwro,
<from,' and oraXaKvty <I drop.' The ancient
name for the sacchanrine liquor which flows from
grapes when not yet pressed.
- APOS'TASIS, from cnro, and i*n;/i*i, « I stop.'
The ancients had different significations for this
word. It was most commonly used for an ab-
scess. The separation of a fragment of bone
by fracture. Removal of disease by some ex-
cretion, &c.
APOSTAX'IS, from a7rocrT*:e», *I distil
from.' The defluxion of any humour, as of
blood from the nose. — ^Hippocr, Staxis (q. v.)
APOSTEMA
70 ATPAREZL8 DE FORXATSON
APOSTE'MA, from art, «from,' and i^titm's
<I settle,' or from a^ttf-rq^Kt, <I recede from.'
Tbifl word U lued by the ancients somewhat
▼aguely . It meant an affection in which parts,
previously in contact, are separated from each
other by a fluid collected between them. The
moderns regard it as synonymous with AbsMss,
(q. V.) Some, even of the moderns, have ap-
plied it to any watery tumour, and even to tu-
mours in general.
Apobtbma Cskbbbi, £ncephalopyosis^-a.
Empyema, Empyema^a. Parulis, FB^ulis — a.
Phalangum, Fourcke — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar
abscess.
APOSTERIG'MA, from artfor^iCo, * I snp-
]^oit«' Aqy thing that supports a diseased
part, as a cushion, a pillow, &c. — Galen. A
deep-seated and inveterate disease of the intes-
tines. — ^Hippocrates.
APOSa*UI A, LnpoiUr'mia, from « |iriva-
tive, and ntaSia, < prepuce.' Want of prepuce.
APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUENTUM, 2>«-
deeaphar'maeum, OtTUment vf tk$ ApostUs . So
called, because as many solid ingredients entered
into its composition as there were apostles. It
contained several resins and gum resins, yellow
wax, oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c., and was for-
merly employed as a vulnerary.
APOSTROPHE, from «7r«, and rr^tpv, <I
turn.' An aversion or disgust for food. — ^Pau-
lus. Also, the direction of humours towards
other parts.
APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation.
APOTELES'MA, from awo, and nXt^fta,
< completion.' The result or termination of a
disease. See, also, Amuletum.
APOTHANASIA, see Peath.
APOTHE'CA, Fharmaee'umy Pharmaeopo''
hum, from ano, and o-id^/Kt, <to place.' Any
place where things are kept, and therefore ' a
shop,' and particularly a wine cellar. A place
or vessel wherein medicines are kept. See
PhanbacopoUum*
APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of
the Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of
London, where medicines are prepared and sold
under their direction, &c. This Company ob-
tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th
jeu of James the First. No general practi- '
tioner can establish himself in England or
Wales, without having obtained a license from
the Court of Examiners of the Company.
APOTH'ECARY, Apothsea'ritUy Dispensa'-
tOTf Pharmaeopo'la, Pigmenta^rius^ Pharmaeo'-
paifusj Pharma'e^us, Pkarmac§u'ta^ Rkizofo-
mutf Myropo'lea, MyropofluSyPharmaeteryPkar-
maeur'gietisy Pharmaeur'gusy Pharmae&u'tisty
same derivation, (F.) Apothieaire^ Pharmtt-
m^n^ Pharmacopoh^, In every country except
Great Britain, it means one who selu drugs,
makes up prescriptions, &c. In addition to
these offices, which, indeed, they rarely exer-
cise, except in the case of their own patients,
the Apothecaries in England form a privileged
class of practitioners — a kind of sub-phjrsician.
jL?Oi:W£,BJiVYl'K,ApotherapiiayApothera'
peu'sts, from anb^i^*w§v», («ro and dc()ar«v«i,)
' I cure.' A perfect cure. — Hippocr. In the
ancient Gymnastics, it meant tne last part of
the exercises: — the friction, inunction, and
bathing, for the purposeofoltviating fatigue, or
curing disease. — Galen, Gan-<^s.
APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
APOTHEROtfUM, from aro, and ^(^i;,
<heat.' A pickle made of mustard, oil, and
vinegar. — Galen.
APOTH'ESI^ from oTfvtS^fUy^I replaoe.'
The position proper to be given to a fraetnved
limb, after reiduction.
APOTHICAIREj Apothecary.
APOTHICAIRERIE, (F.) from ano^^mnf
< a warehouse, shop.' The same aa Apothoca ;
also, a gallipot.
APOTHLIM'MA, from «iro, and ^Xt^m,*!
press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and aome-
times the expressed juice, Succus ea^gs'stu, of
plants. — GorneuB.
APOTHRAU'SISyfromaa'o^C'vw,^! break.'
Fracture of a bone, with spicnia remaining.
Extraction of a spicnlum of bone.— Gorsasusw
Also, Abscission, (q. v.) .
APOTILMOS, Evulsion. .
APOT'OKOS, from an*, and rimrci, < I brmg
forth.' An abortive fcstus. — ^Hippocrates.
APOTOME, Amputotion.
APOTOMIA, Amputation.
APOTROPi£UM> Amuletum,
APOTROPE, Aversioa. Also, deviatioD^-as
of a limb — Parat'ropB,
APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
APOZEM, Decoction.
APOZESIS, Decoction.
APPARA'TUSt P4»ra«e0«'«, from odmaApa-
rarsy < to prepare.' This word signifies a col-
lection of instruments, &c., for any operatfen
whatever. <F.) Appareil.
In surgery it means the methodical arrange-
ment of 9Xi the instruments and objects neces-
sary for an operation or dressing. By exten-
sion, the French give the name Appar&U, Cap-
9a ehirur^giea, to the case or drawers in which
the apparatus is arranged.
Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
different modes of operating for the stone. — See
Lithotomy.
In Phynologpy Apparatus [Apparni) is ap-
plied to a collection of organs, all of which
work towards the same end. A system of or-
gans comprehends all those formed of a similar
texture. An apparatus often comprehends or-
gans of very different nature. In the formsr,
there is analogy of structure; in the latter yesoA-
logy of function.
AppARAtUB Altus, see Lithotomy.
Appabatos Immov'ablx, (F.) Appareil imme-
hilsy Iwnaovabie Bandage y Permanent Bandag*.
An appahitiis for fractures, which is generslly
formed by wetting the bandages in 'some sub-
stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes
solid, and retains the parts in situ,
Appabatus Lateralis, see Lithotomy — a.
Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Litho-
tomy.
ilPPA££/L, Apparatus, Bo\tier^a. Gram*l,
see Lithotomy — a. HarUy see Lithotomy — n.
Immobile, Apparatus*, immovable — a. Ijoteral-
isiy see Litiu>tomy — a. Petit, see Lithotomy—
a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus.
APPAREILS DE FORMATION, (F.)
Gall admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres ;
the one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral
peduncles to the convolutions, and constituting
what he calls appareils de formation : the other,
convergent, and proceeding from the convolu-
tions to the centre of the organ, constituting
what he calls appareils de reunion. The Jirtt,
APPAITVRI
71
APYR0M£L£
at « whole, fonn the orgaoft of the mental fa-
cdties : the latur are commissoreSy which unite
parts of the organ that are donhle and in pairs.
APPAUVRI^ Impoverished.
APPBNBICEy Appendix— a. CtBetdy Ap-
pendix vermiformis csci — a» DigittU^ Appen-
dix Termifonnis csci — €hS&us-3t0maU, Xiphoid
cartilage— a. SuS'SpksTwidaU du eerveauy Pi-
tuitary gland — a* Xiphoidty Xiphoid cartilage.
AppxiiniGBS CoLi AniPOSiB, Appendiculs
epiploice— ^a. £^ploiqM*Sy Appendiculn epi-
ploics.
APPENDICULA CEREBRI^'ituitarygland
—«. Yermiformis csBciy see Appendix— a. £pi-
pioica. Epiploic appendage.
APPENDIC'ULiE PlNGUBDINO'SiB,£>»-
jrfbte appttuLxges (q. y.) Appandic'ulm Epiplo'-
ic9i Aff&nfdiee» coii adijpo'taty Onten'tula, (F.)
AfptHdicu EjnpldiquM. Prolongations of the
peritoneum heyond the snr&ee of the great in-
testine, which are analogous in texture and ar-
rangement to omenta.
APPEN'DIX, Epipk'ysisy from appenderey
{ad and pendere, *to hang/) <to hang from.'
Any part that adheres to an organ or is conti-
nooos with it : — seeming as if added to it. An
•pp^ndag9y an apophysis, (q. v. ) (F . ) Appendiee,
Annexe,
Appkr'oix Ysrmifor'mis, Apprndie'tUa Ver^
mifor'mis Caftiy Tubus Vsnnicula'ris Cady Ee'^
fkytUy Additamen'twm Coliy Apptn^dix Ctseiy
(F.) Apptndtee vermi/crmSy A. catetU oudigital.
A Tennicular process, the size of a goose-quill,
which hangs from the intestinum cfecum. Its
fsactions are unknown.
Appshdix Cbrbbki, Pituitary gland— a. ad
Cerehrum, Cerebellum^— a. Cutanea Septi Na-
rinm, Statiea septi Naiium— a. to the Epididy--
mis, Yasculum aberrans — a. Yentriculi, Duode-
oun.
APPENSIO, see Analeptia.
AP'PETENCE, A^pettn'tioy from appettr$y
( ad and petere,) < to desire.' An ardent, passion-
Me desire for any object.
APPETIT PERTE D\ Anorexia.
APTETITE, Appeti'tusy AppeUn'tia, Appe-
H"tia, {ad and peisrey) <to seek,' Cnpi'do,
Ortx'Uy Ormi : same etymology as the last.
An internal sensation, which warns us of the
■eceflsity of exerting certain functions, espe-
«ally those of digestion and generation. In the
latter case it is called venereal appetite, (F.)
ApfetU vinirien: in the former, simply appe^
tiUy (F.) Appetit ou Appetition. If the desire
lor food, occasioned by a real want, be carried
to a certain extent, it is called hwtgery when
^id food is concerned; thirei, when liquid.
Appetiie and hunger ought not, however, to be
employed synonymously: they are different de-
crees of the same want. Hunger is an imperious
^ire: it cannot be provoked, like the appetite.
It ii always allayed by eating: but not so the
sppetite; for, at times, it may be excited in this
nanoer. They are rtry generally, however,
wsed synonymously.
Appetitb, Mokbio, Limosis.
APPETITUS C ANINUS, Boulinlia-*. De-
Wiens, I)y8orexia.
APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami— a. Bitter,
Cocomis colocynthis — a. Curassotf, Aurantium
''wsseaventium — a. Eye, see Melon — a. May,
Podophyllum peltatum— «. Root, Euphorbia co-
rottat»-a. Tree, Pynis malus.
APPLICANT A, from appliearey {ad and pit-
earty «to fold,') <to apply.' A word, unneces-
sarily introduced into medical language, to ex-
press the objects whichare applied inomediately
to the sut&ce of the body, as clothes, cosmetics,
baths, &c.— Hall6.
APPLICA'TIONv^/Ty/ica'too, (same etymon,)
in a moral signification, is synonymous with
Attention. Ako, the act of applying one thing
to another; as the application of an apparatus,
of a bandage, blister, &c.
APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prekenderey
* to take.' This word is employed in various
senses. It means catalepsv, (q. v.) or catocha.
— ^Paul Zacchias. A kind of bandage for se-
curing any part. Also, a therapeutical indica-
tion.
APPROCBE, Coition.
APPROXIMATION, Appr6xima*t%Oy from
ad and proximusy < nearest.' EttmuUer gavv
this name to a pretended method of curing dis-
ease, by making it pass from man into some
animal or vegetable, by the aid of immediate
contact.
APRACT A, from «, priv., and «-e««-ff«, * I
act.' Without action. An epithet for the
parts of generation, when unfit for copulation or
generation.
APRICATIO, Isolation.
APKICOT, Prunns Armeniaca.
APROCTUS, see Atretus.
APROSO'PIA, Tnoeepkal'ta, from <, priv.,
and nfot-tonofy <the face.' A malformation,
which consists in the face being deficient.
APROSOPUS, Microprosopus.
APSINTHIATUM, from *v/iF^WF, 'worm-
wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwood.-
Aetius.
APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
APSYCHIA, Syncope.
APSYXI A, Syncope.
APTHiE, Aphthas.
APTYSTOS, from «, priv., and irrvny « I
spit.' Devoid of expectoration. An epithet
given to certain pleurisies, in which there is
no expectoration. — Hippocrates.
APUS, see Apodia.
APY'ETOS, from a priv., and itvor, 'pus.'
An external affection, which does not end in
suppuration.
APYIQUEy Apyos.
AP'YOS, from «, priv.', and «rtf»», 'pus,' (F.)
Apyiqut, That which does not afford pus.
APYRECTIC, Apyretic.
APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
APYRET'IC, Apf review, Apyree'ticy Apy-
ree^tieus, Apyr*etu», from «, priv., and Trwj,
< fire, fever.' Without fever. This epithet is
given to days in which there is no paroxysm
of a disease, as in the case of an intermittent;
as well as to some local affections which do not
induce fever. Urticaria is sometimes called an
apyretie exantJUtn.
APYREX'IA. The same etymology. Ab-
sence of fever; Diidem'may Dialeip'sisy Dio-
Hp'fis, Tempus intereaia'riy Interval'lunif iSi-
termis'sio, Apyrexia is the condition of an in-
termittent fever between the paroxysms: the
duration of the apyrexia, consequently, depends
on the type of the intermittent. Occasionally,
the term has been applied to the cessation of
the febrile condition in acute diseases.
APYROME'LG, ApprenomeUi, from«,priv.f
AQUA
79
AQUJE XCTDVLM
TtvQfjvy ^a nnt/ and ftiiKiiy ^a sound.' A sound
or piobe, without a button or nut. It is the
Mslo'tif, Spwil'lum amri&ula'rnim or AMrwular
Mund of Galen*
AQUA, Water— cu Acidi earbonici, Acidu-
lous water— a. Acidula hydrosulphurata, Na-
ples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fizi, Acidulous
water (simple)'-4u Alkalinaozymuriatica, Earn
de JaveiU — a. Aluminis compooitus. Liquor, a.
c. — a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. aluminis com-
posittts — a. Ammonis, Liquor ammoniac— ♦«
Acetatis ammonis, Liquor ainmoniaB acetatis —
a. Ammoma carbonatis. Liquor ammonin sub'
carbonatis— «. AmmonisB caustics, Liquor am-
monias— ft. Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
Aqua Ajctodala'&uic CoNCBxriiA'TAy (F.)
Eau d'Afnandea ameres^ Water of bitter al'
numds. Made by bnusing well two pounds of
iiuer almonds; adding, whilst triturating, ten
pounds of tyring water ^ and four pounds of n/-
oohol, letting the mixture rest in a weU-closed
vessel, and then distilling two pounds. Used
instead of the Aqua Laurocezasi, and the Hydro-
cyanic acid.
Aqua Anisi Fostks, Spiritusanisi— a. Aqois-
granensis, see Aiz-la-ChapeUe- ^. Auditoria,
Cotunnios, Liquor of— «• Aurantii, see Citrus
aurantium — a.Bal8amicaarterialis, Aqua Binelli
— a. Bareginensis, Barnes water — a. Barytas
Muriatis, see Baryta, muriate of— €u Bellilucana,
Balaruc waters— a. Benedicta, Liquor calcis—
a. B^aedicta composita, Liquor calcis composi-
tus— a. Benedicta Rulazidi, Y inum antimonii tar-
tarizati.
Aqua Binel'ui, Aequa Binelliy A. Monte-
roeeiy Aqua Baleam'iea arteria*lis, (F.) Earn
de Binelli, Eau de Monterosti* A celebrated
Italian hsemostatic, invented b^ one Binelli.
Its composition is unknown, but its virtues have
been ascribed to creasote; although there is
reason for believing it to possess no more ac-
tivity than cold water.
Aqua BaoocHiB'aii,^e9«Mi Broeekiefi^ Broe-
Meri watery (F.) Eau de Brveekieriy Eau
styptique de Broeehieri. A supposed styptic,
which made much noise at Parts at one time.
It is devoid of efficacy. Dr. Paris found no-
thing in it but water perfumed by some vege-
table essence.
Aqua Borvonxnsis, Bourbonne-les-Bains,
mineral waters of— a. Bristoliensis, Bristol wa-
ter — a. Calcaria nsts, Liquor calcis— a. Calcis,
Liquor calcis— a. Calcis composita, Liquor cal-
cis compositus — a. Camphors, Mistura cam-
phorae— a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sul-
phas—a. Carbonatis sodae acidula. Acidulous
water, simple — a. Catapultarum, Arqueh*sade
eau ^'— a. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
Aqua Cinnamo'mi, Cinnamon Water, Dis-
tilled water of Cinnamon Bark. Prepared also
in the following manner. 01. Cinniim, f. M;
Magnee. Carbon, gss : Aq, deetillat^'^. Rub
the oil and carbonate of magnesia; atfltil w^97a-
ter gradually and filter. (Th. U. S.) " %
Aqua Cinnahoici Fortis, Spiritus Cinna-
momi — a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral
waters of— a. Cupri ammoniata, Liquor c. a. —
a. Cupri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri suL-
phalis compositar-*«4 inter Cutem, Anasarcar—
a. Destillata, Water, distilled— a. Florum au-
rantii, see Citrus aurantium— a. Fluviatilis,
Water, river.
Aqua F<bnic'uli, Fennel Water* The dis-
tilled water of fennel seed. It may be pr epTe d
also like the aqua cinnamomt.
Aqu4 Fomtama, Water, spring—*. Fortis,
Nitric acid — a. Hqpatioa, Hydrosul^uretted
water— a. Hordeata, Decoctum hOrdei— a. In-
tercus. Anasarca— a. inter Cutem, AnasarcA —
a. Juniperi composita, ^iritos juniperi comp^
situs— «. Kali, Liquor potassas siibcarbonatis—
a. Kali caustici. Liquor potassa— a. Kali pn»-
parati, Liqubr potassas subcarbonatis— a. Kali
puri. Liquor potassas— «. Kali subcarbonatis.
Liquor potasss subcarbonatis— a. Labyrinthif
Cotannius, liquor of— a. Lactii^ Serum lactia—
a. ex Lacu, Water, lake— ^a. Lithargjrri acetati
composita. Liquor plumbi sobacetatis dilotoa—
a* LucisB, Spiritus ammonias succinatus — a. Bfta-
rina, Water, sea— a. Medicata, Water, minetal.
Aqua Mirtrje PiPxni'TiB, Peppermint' Wa^
ter^ The distilled water of peppermint. It
maybe prepared like the aqua cinnamomi.
Aqua Mintbje Pipsamois Spmrruosi, Spi-
ritus menthae piperita— a. Mentha vir idis, Spear-
mint water; see Aqua menthas piperitas — a. Mea-
th» tulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus menthae viridis
—a. Mmeralis, Water, mineral — a..Miralnlis,
Spiritus pimentae — a* Mnlsa, Hydromeli^ — a.
Natri Oxyinuriatici, Liquor sods chlorinatafr—
a. J^eapolitana, Naples Water (factitious)— a.
Nephritica, Spiritus myristicsi — a. Nivata, Wa-
ter, snow— a. Nucis moschata, Spiritus myris-
ticae— a. Ophthalmica, Liquor zinci saljmatis
cum camphora— a. Palndosa, Water, marsh — a.
Pericardii, see Pericardium — a. Pioea, see Finns
sylvestris->^. Picis, see Pinus sylvestrss — a.
Pluvialis, Water, rain — a. Potassse, Liquor po-
tassas— a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus polegii —
a. Putealis, Water, well— a. Rabelii, £lizir
acidum Halleri— a. Raphani composita, Spiritiis
armoraciae compositus-^a. Regia, Nitro-mnri-
atic acid.
Aqua Ro8;b, Rote Water, SJtodosta^'mea, '
{Roe, eentifoL Blviij: Aqua, cong. ij. M. Distil
a gallon— Ph. U. S.)
Aqua Salubris, Water, mineiml— a. Sappha-
rina. Liquor cupri ammoniata — a. Satumi, Li-
quor plumbi subacetatis dihltls — a. Sclopefearia,
Arquehueade eau d* — a. Seminum anisi compo-
sita, Spiritus anisi — a. Seminum carui fortis,
Spiritus carui— a. Sods effervescens, Acidalous
water, simple — a. Soteria, Water, mineral — 4.
Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Styptica, Liquor
cupri sulphatis composita — a. Sulphurata sim-
plex, Hydrosulphoretted water — a. Sulphnreti
ammonias. Liquor fumans Boylii — a. Thediana,
Arquebnaade eau d* — a. Theriacalis Bezoardica,
Chylostagma diaphoreticum Mindereri — a. To-
fana. Liquor arsenicalis— a. Traumatica The-
denii, Arquebusade eau d* — a. Vegeto-mineralis,
Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis,
Vichy water — a. Vitriolica campborata. Liquor
sinci sulphatis com camphori — a. Vitriolica
caerulea, Solutlo sulphatis cupri composita — a.
Ynlnenrva, Arquebuaade eau d^ — a. Zinci vitri-
olati cum camphora. Liquor zinci sulphatis cuzn
camphorA.
AQU^ ACIDULA, Acidulous waters — a.
Badiguae, Bath, Mineral waters of— a. Badizs,
Bath, Mineral waters of— a. Bathonias, Bath,
Mineral waters of— a. Buxtonienses, Buxton,
Mineral waters of— a. Cantuarienses, Canter-
bury, waters of— a. ChalybeatsB, Waters, mine-
ral, chalybeate.
Aqujs Destilla'tjb, Distilled Waters, By-
AQUiEDUCTUS
TS
ARABS, XEBICINE OF THE
droiafta^ (F.) Hfdrolats. These are made by
potting Tegetftble sobstaneeS) as roaet, mmt,
pennyroyaly &c., into a still with water, and
drawing off as much as is found to posaeaa the
aromatic properties of the plant. To every gal-
lon of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should
be added to preserve it. The simple distilled
waurs are sometimes called Aqua ttUlatWitt
sim'piieeg: the spiriiueuSf AqutB stiUaiif'ia
$firUuo**ay but more commonly Sjrir*itu8.
Aquji MARTIAI.BS, Waters, mineral, chaly-
beate — a. Minerales aciduls, Waters, mineral,
gaxeoua — a. Minerales ferruginosae, Waters, mi-
neral, chalybeate — a. Minerales snlphureaB, Wa-
ters, mineral, snipbureooa — a. Stillatitiee', Aquas
dettillata tu Soils, Bath mineral waters.
AQXT/EDnCTUS, Aq'usduet^ from aquoy
'water,' and du€€r$y dudumy <to lead.' (F.)
AqtMdme, Properly, a canal for conducting
water from one place to another. Anatomists
have used it to designate certain canals.
AQUiBDUcTus Ceexbri, Infuudibulum of the
brain — a. Cotnnnii, Aquaedoctus vestibuli.
Aquxduc'tus Coch'uejb, (F.) A&uedue du
Lima^ou; — & very narrow canal, whicn proceeds
from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the
posterior edge of the p€trs pttro^a.
AQUjmuc'TUS Fallo'pii, Canal spireme de
Pos temporal of Chaussier, (F.) Aquedue de Pal-
Upe, A canal in the pars petrosa of the temporal
bone, which, extends from the meatus audito-
rius intemus to the foramen stylo-mastoideum,
and gives passage to the facial nerve. The
opening into this aqueduct is called Hia'tus
Pallo'pii.
Aqujeduc^tts Stl'vii, (F.) Aqueduc de Syl-
viusj Iter ad quartum ventnc'ultim, Cana'lis
me'diue. Canal intermediaire dee ventrieules of
Chaussier. A canal formine a communication
between the third and fourUi ventricles of the
brain.
Aqujeduc'tus Vbstib'uu, Aqy^ttttue Co-
tun'nUy (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule ou Aque-
due de Cotugno, This begins in the vestibule,
near the conomon orifice of the two semicircular
canals, and opens at the posterior surface of the
pars petroea* ^
AQUALICULlIS, from aquality «a water-
pot.' That part of the abdomen which extends
from the umbilicus to the pabes. See Hypo-
gsitrinm. It has also been applied to the sto-
nsch or intestinal canal.
AQU ASTER. A word used, by Paracelsus,
to express the visions or hallucinations of pa-
tients.
AQUEDUC, Aqueduct — s. de Cotugno,
Aquaeductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aquae-
ductos Fallopii — a,-du Idma^Qn, Aquaeductus
cochlear— «. de Sylvius, Aqueductus Sylvii —
4k du Vestibule, Aqueductus vestibuli.
AQUEDUCT, Aquaeductus.
AQUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus, Hydato'des,
Hydro'des, from aqua, < water,' {TJ) Aquoux,
Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are
sometimes called, in France, Conduits on Co-
naux aqueux.
Aqueous Hukoue of the Etk, Humor aquo'-
sms,Aliugin'eous humour, 0<bei'des, Oo'des,Hy-
dmUVdes, Hydatefdes, Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis
kmmor, (F.) Hwmeur aqueuse. The limpid fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from
the cornea to the crystalline, and which is, con-
seqaently, in contact with the two surfaces qf
6
the iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains : s. g. 1.0003.
It contains gelatin, albumen, chloride of sodi-
um, and phosphate of lime in small quantity;
and is enveloped in a fine membrane i^—ithe mem-
brane of the aqueous humour — Tunica propria
seu Vagi'na hwmo'ris a'quei seu Memhra'na
Demuria'na seu Deseemet'ii, Membrane of De-
mours or of Deseemet; although these last terms
are by some appropriated to a third layer of the
cornea.
AQUEUS, Aqueous.
AQUIDUCA, Hydiagogues.
AQUIFOLIUM, Hex aquifolianh-a. Foliis
deciduis, Prinos.
AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias. Sulphur.
The alchymists used this word for sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic,
sulphur, and the philosopher's stone* See Hy-
drargyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
Aq'uila C(blest'i8; a sort of panacea, of
which mercury was a constituent.
Aq'fila LACH'aTMJc; a liquor prepared from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
Aq'uii.a pHiLoeo^Ho'auM. The idchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called
mercury thus, when reduced to its original form.
Aq^vila Ven'kbis; an ancient preparation,
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
AQUIL-fi VENiE, Temporal veins.
AQUILE'GIA VULGARIS, Common Co-
lombine or Columbine, (F.) Ancolie. The seeds,
herb, and flowers were formerly used in jaun-
dice and cutaneous diseaso^. They are still
retained in many of the Pharmacopoeias of con-
tinental Europe.
AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aqua-membranitis.
AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS, KeratolHtis,
Aquocapsuli'tis* Inflammation of the anterior
chamber of the eye. A badly compounded
term, denoting inflammation of the capsule or
membrane of the aqueous humour.
AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa—
a. Acttstica, Cotunnius, liquor of.
Aquula seu Aqua Moroagnii. The minute
portion of water, which escapes when an open-
ing is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
ARA PARVA, a small altar;— a kind of
bandage invented by Sostratus, which repre-
sents the comers of an altar. — Galen.
AR'ABE; a wound, a blow. — Erotian.
ARAB'ICA ANTip'OTUS HEPATICA,
Ar'ahic Hepat'ie An'tidote, A powder, com-
posed of myrrh, costus, white pepper, &c. it
was administered in new Wine.
ARABICUS LAPIS. A sort of white mar-
ble analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia.
It was regarded as absorbent and desiccative,
and was employed in hemorrhoids.
AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscrofulous
medicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax,
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, &c. — Celsus.
AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara-
bians kept the torch of medical science illumi-
nated during a dark period of the middle ages.
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools
of medicine; but these were most flourishing;
during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The
chief additions made by them to medical sci-
ence were in the departments of pharmacy and
in the description of diseases. Their principal
writers were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes,
Hali Abbas, Moses Maimonides, Avenxoar,
Rhazes, Albucaais, &c.
AlUCACHA
T4
ARBirrVS^ TRAILING
ARACACHA, Conivm moMhatiUD.
AR'ACHIS HYPOOE'A, Gnmnd nmi, P$a
nutf Earth almond, (S.) Mans; enooibomlj
caUad Pistaekio nast, in the Sonth; Pindar* of
the West Indiee. Cultivated in the Southern
States. The seeds are oil^ and are eaten. A
kind of inferior chocolate may he made of them.
ARACH'NEy a^/«^9 ' a spider, a eobweh.'
Hence^
ARACHNITIS, Araeknoidi'Hs, Araekno*
dei*tis, InJtammaHon of tJU Arachnoids A va-
riety of phrenitis; which see.
ARACHNODEITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACHNOID CANAL, see Canal, aiach-
notd.
AjulChhoid ot txb En. The lining mem-
hrane of a cavity, supposed b}[ some to exist
between the sclerotic and choroid.
Arach'noid MBmaAHB, Monin» Mg'dia,
AraehndUousy Araehmo'dss, from oqax^9 '&
cobweb,' and ic^of, 'form, resemblance;' 2V<'-
wieaarafnsa, Arachno'dss, T, erystaFlina, Me-
nin'gion, A name given to several membranes,
which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi-
der-webs.-*Celsiis and Galen called thus tne
membrane of the vitreous humour,— -the tunica
hyaloidca* The modems use it now for one of
the membranes gf the brain, situate between
the dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous
membrane, and composed of two layers; the
external being confounded, in the greater part
of its extent, with the dura mater, and, like it,
liniDg the interior of the cranium and spinal ca-
nal; the othsr being extended over the brain,
from which it is separated by the pia mater,
without passing into the sinuosities, between
the convolutions, and penetrating into the inte*
rior of the brain by an opening at its posterior
part under the corpus callosnm. It forms a part
of the investing sheath of the nerves, as they
pass from the encephalic cavities. Its chief
uses seem to be; — to envelop, and, in some
measure, protect the brain, and to secrete a
fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a state
best adapted for the proper performance of its
functions.
ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACK', ArracJf; (East Indian.) A SfHri-
tnous liquor made in India in various ways, of-
ten from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented
along with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently
from toddy, the juice which flows from the co-
coa nut tree by incision, and from other sub-
stances, i It is a strong, heating spirit.
Aracx, Mook, is made by adding ^ij of Sen-
soic add to a quart of rum. The celebrated
Vaoxhall punch is made with such arack.
ARACOUCHINI, Icica aracouchini.
ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla.
AR'ADOSj^ from oQadam, <I am turbulent.'
The agitation excited in the stomach by the
coction of aliments of diflferent nature. — Hip-
pocrates. LikewiBe, the motion produced by
cathartics.
AIL£OMA, Interstice.
AREOMETER, Areometer.
AR^OTIC A, from tf^aioeo, < I rarefy.' Me-
dicines supposed to have the quality of rarefy*
ing the humours. See Rarefiiciens.
ARAKI, see Spirit.
ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinqnefo-
lium.
Aea'lia Hia'rinA, Thoarf SUor, is said to be
diuretic, and has been recommended, in decoc-
tion, in dropsy.
Aka'ua NimiOAU'Lis, Narduc Ammieafmu^
Small Spiicnardy Wild Li^norice, S^oeot rwK,
Falc03arfaparil'la,i¥.) Petit nard* This Ame-
rican plant is said to be a mild stimulant and
diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a
substitute for the sarsapariUa. It is used, also,
as a tottie. It £■ in the secondary list of the
Pharmacopeia of the United States.
AnA'UA Racxvo'sa, American SpHanardy
has the same properties as A. Nudicaniis.
AftA'uA Spmo'BA, Angd'ica Tree, PricMf
Ash, Toathaeh Tree, SfUenard Tree, PricMf
Elder, Shothish, Pigeon Tree. Its. properties
are not clear. The berries, and a tfnctnre of
them have been employed, it is said, anccces-
fully in tooth€teh, A spirituous infioBion bM
also been used in colic.
ARANEA, AraneiB Tel»— a. Tarentnla, aee
Tarantula.
ARA'NEJC TELA, Arafnea,Ara'neum, Coh-
toeb, (F.) Toile d'Aradgn^e. Formerly, this
substance was much employed, and suppoeed
to possess extraordinary virtues, especially
when applied to the wrists. It has been rc'
cently used again in intermittents. The spider
itself, soften^ into a plaster and applied to the
forehead and temples, is said by Dioocorides to
prevent ague. Cobweb is a n^echanical styptic,
and is so applied, externally, at times.
ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to
the urine when loaded with filaments, uJce cob-
webs.
ARANEO'SUS PULSUS; a term employed
to express extreme weakness of pulse; when
the movements resemble those of a delicate net
raised by the wind.
ARANEUM, Aranes Tela.
Ara'neubi Ulcus, AstakiVloa, A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ul<5er,
extending from the feet to the legs.
ARARA, Myrobalanus citrine.
ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
ARATRUM, Vomer.
ARAUCARIA DOMBETI, Dombeya ex-
celsa.
ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin— a. Indica, Lau-
rus cassia — a. Maris, Coral — a. Thurifera, Ju-
niperus Lycia — a. Uteri Vivificans, Palmse uteri
plicatae.
Arbor Yitjk, (F.) Arbre de vie. A name
given to an arborescent appearance, observed
on cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and
which results from the particular arrangement
of the white substance with the cineritious.
Also, the Thuya occidentalis, (q. v.)
Arbor Yitm of tbs Uterus, Palme uteri
plicate.
AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration. Ruland.
ARBQUSIER, Arbutus onedo.
ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Yite.
ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILI-
ENSIS, Hjrpericum bacciferunu
ARBUTUS, TRAILING, A. Uva ursi.
Aa'aimrs Uva Ursi, Aretoetaph'floe, TTma
Ursi Fb'lia. Nai. Ord, Ericee. 5«r. Sfef,
Decandria Monogynia, (F.) Suseerolle on Rai-
eind'Oure. The leaves---( Uva Ursi, Ph.U.S.)—
of this plant are tonic and astringent, and hart
ABC
TS
ABCHOSntDIX
bMB MD^oyed chiefly, in dunmB of tlM Qri-
iiaiy organs. Dose of powder from gr. zv. to
B§€u^s WkoitM&rrf^ or Btarberry^ MowUmn-
iaxj SL^dUrryy Upland Crani$rrff Foxberry^
Qltfjiinrfljri'iy
Aa'^oths VKifj)OiAftdraeh^nM;Un9'doyXTn6'do
pmpyrafeta, xofiaQof, (F.) 4r59«MMr. A deooo-
tun of the learee is astxingeot, and has been
■aed in diarrhoBa.
ARC, Archf Arcus. Any part of the body
ifaemMing an arch in fyrpi as the Arek of th4
mio^y <F.) Are du colony — the tranarerae por-
tioBof that intestine I — Arek ofiko Aort^ Areut
ao9't9y (F.) Crosoo do VAorUy fcc, the tnm
which the aorta takes in the thorax.
ABCA A&CANORUM, HydrargyranH-«.
CordiSy Pericardium*
ARCADE ANAS TOMOTIQirE,AxetfsmB*
toiDOtie--«. Cruraloy Cniralarch-— a. IngtdndUi
Cmrai arch — a. Orbitairoy Orbitar arcb---0. Pu-
Uenmoy Pubic arch— ^. ZygomoHquOy Zygomatic
arch.
ARCAJ>B8 DENTAIBESy l>entnl arches
— ^. Palmaireoy Palmar arches.
ARC AD I'TEMP ORO-MAXILLAIREy
Temporalis.
ABC^'US or ARCCE'US, BALSAM OF,
(F.) Bamme d*Aretnu, A kind of soft ointment
ved in sores, contusions, &c. .It is made by
melting two parts of mutton soet, one part of
hag's lard: of turpentine and rosin, each one
part and a half: straining and agitating till cold.
ARCANSONy Coloplionia.
ARC ATnJM, from arcAy < a chest. ' A secret,
8 nottrwmy (F. ) Areano. A remedy whose com-
position is kept secret; but Which is reputed to
possess great efficacy.
AmoAiiiTM CoBALUifirM, Hydrargyri nitrico-
myJuBi — a. Diq>licatnm, Potass» sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potasss acetas.
ARCATOS^Jtferoe.-
ARCBAUy ArcnluB, Cradle.
ARCEUTHOS, Joniperus communis.
ARCH, ANASTOMOT'IC,(F.)-dr<»rftf <mum-
tamotiquoy is the union of two vessels, which
aoastomoee by describing a curred line. The
▼essels of me mesentery anastomose in this
AacH or ran Aokta, see Aorta — a. Crural,
see Cmral arch— a. Femoral, see Crural arch —
a. Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis— a. Inguinal,
lee Crmai arch — a. Orbital, see Orbitar arch —
a. of the Palate, see Palate bone— a. of the Pubis,
see Pubic arcb--a. Subpubic, see Subpubic arch
—a. Superciliary, see Superciliary arches— -a.
Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
AacHss OF THE Palatb. These are two in
onmber on each side of ths throat, one of which
is termed anterior, the other posterior.
The anterior arej^ arises from the middle of
the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and
is fixed to Uie edge of the base of the tongue.
The posterior arch has its origin, likewise,
from the side of the uvula, and passes down-
wards to be inserted into the side of the pha-
rvBx. The anterior arch contains the circum-
flexos palati, and forms the isthmus ftueium.
The pMterioT arch has, within it, the levator
pakti, and between the arches are the tonsils.
ARCH^^S, Arehe*usy &am e^^iiy 'torn-
meacement,' (F.) Archie. A word invented by
Baal Yalentine, and afterwards adopted by
PiLraeelsos and Yan Helmont. The latter used
it for the internal principle of our motions and
actions. This arciueus, according to Yan Hel«
mont) is an immaterial principle, existing in
the seed prior to fecundation, and pesiding
over the development of the body, and overaU
organic phenomena. Besides this chief at-
chflBos, whose seat Yan Helmont placed in the
upper orifice of the stomach, he admitted seve-
ral of a subordinate character, which had to
execute its orders; one, for instance, in each
organ, to preside over its functions; each of
them being subject to anger, caprice, terror,
and every human fiuling.
ARCHANGEL N£W,MINERAL SPRINGS.
About twenty miles to the north of New Arch-
angel, Sitka Ishmd, on the N. W. coast of
North America, are 8<xne thermal snlphureovs
waters^ the te)nperature of one of which is up*
wards of }53^ of Fahr. They are much cek*
brated. — Sir Geo. Simpson.
ARCHANGELICA, Laminm album.
ARCH£, a^j^y Inii**iumy Prineij/ium, Pri-
mor'diumy Ori'gOy Iwoafsio. The first attack
of a disorder.
ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele*
ARCHAEy ArehflBus.
ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen rocoelfau
ARCHELOG^'IA, hom agj^y « beginning,'
and loyitty * a discourse.' A treatise onfun&-
mental principles;— «f medicine, for example.
ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of
the ligustrumy used by the Egyptians after
bathing, to obviate the unpleasant odour of the
feet. — Prosper Alpinns.
ARCHIA'TER, Arekia'truSyProtomsd'ieus,
Protia'trosy from oQ/n^ * authority,' and lorfof,
< physician.' The original signification of this
word is a matter of cQspate. Some consider,
with Mercurialis, that it meant physician to a
Srince, king, emperor, &c.: others, with C.
offinan, apply it to every physician who, by
his situation, is raised above his colleagues.
The former opinion seems to have ptevaiM^—
Arekiatre des Rois de Pramee being applied to
the chief physician to the kings of France.
ARCHIG^'ENI MORBI. Acute diseases;
because they hold the first rank: firom oQ^n,
< b^inning,' and yi»o^ai, < I am.'
ARCHIMAGIA, Chymistry.
ARCHINGEAy,MINERALWATERSOF.
nate of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbo*
nate of iron, and some bitumen.
ARCHITECTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo-
plectic make.
ARCHITIS, Proctitis, Rectitis.
ABCHOCELE, Proctocele.
ARCTHOPTOMA, Proctocele.
ARCHOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
ARCHORRHA'GI A, from agxo^y ' the anas,'
and (ftt, ' I flow.' Ari^orrkm*a> Hemorrhage .
from the anas.
ARCHORRHCEA, Archorrhagia.
ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum.
ARCHOSTEGNOMA, Strietnn of the Rec-
ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Rec-
tum.
ARCHOSTENOSIS,Stricture of the Rectum.
ARCHOSYRINX, FistuU in ano.
\
ARCIFORM
76
AREOMETER
AR'CIFORMy Ardfor'mist from ore, am#,
< a top or ridge/ and/armoy * shape.' An epi-
thtet given to certain fibres of the anterior py-
ramids of the medoUa oblongata, which take a
carved coarse around the inferior extremity of
each corpus olivare and ascend towards the ce-
rebellum.
ARCTATIOyAretUu'iio, from artto, * I make
narrow ;' Angusta'tio, Contraction, iY.)Retr4^
cissemMt^ of a natural opening or of a canal,
and especially of the vulva, of Sie orifice of the
uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Constipation,
(q. T.) Reunion by suture or infibnlation. —
Scribonius Largus, Paul Zacchias, he.
ARCTITUDO, Arctatio.
ARCTIUM LAPPA. . The root and seed
of the Clit-hury Barda'na^ ArOivm^ riaphi*y
Lappa glabra^ Lappa major y L, persona'tay Per-
Mola'tay PersoUa'tay P^rtolu'tay BurdoeJh^ (F.)
BardoMBy Glauteron, Nat, Ord. Compositae.
S*x, Syst, Syngenesia squalis. Root diuretic :
seod cathartic. It has iMsen used in decoction
in diseases of the skin and in syphilis.
ARCT0STAPHYLU8, Arbutus uva ursi.
ARCTU'RA, from arrto,* I straighten.* The
effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Areiu'ra
unguis. — See Onychogryphosis.
AaoTuaA Unouium . The growing in or in-
version of ^e nails. See Onychogryphosis.
ARCUA'TIO, Coneava'tio, An anterior giV
bosity or projection of the sternum.
ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar
coeil is about one lea|pe south of Paris. The
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some
deliquescent salts.
A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village, of which BerthoUet, HumlMldt, La
Place, &:c.) were members.
ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
ARCULiE. The Orbitar Fossas: noiliaic.
— Rnftia of Ephesus.
ARCULUS, diminutive of areuMy < an arch.'
A small arch; a cradle, (q. v.) <F.) Areeauy Ar-
ekst* A semicircular box or basket used for
preventing the bed-clothes from coming in con-
tact with injured or diseased Pj^rts. An ordi-
nance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade
mothers to sleep with an infant near then^, un-
less it was put under a solid cradle.
ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix—^. Seni-
lis, Oerotoxon— a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch
—a. Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Un-
guium, see Nail— «. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic
arch.
ARDALOS, Excrement.
ARDAS, Excrement.
ARDENT, ardensy from ard^rey • to bum.'
Assent Fevxe, (F.) Fiivre ardente. The
Cau9U9y Synockay or inflammatory fever.
Abdbht or Imfulmbd Eyes, (F.) Teux ar^
dms. The eyes are so called when they are
injected red.
Aedbrt Uanni, (F.) TTrins ardente. Urine
of a deep red«
ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibemicus lapis.
ARDEURy Ardor — a. du Cmur, Cardialgia
^-a. d*BHoiaaey Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis — a.
d€ la FihfrSy Ardor Febrilis — a. d'Uriney Ardor
Urins.
AROWR, (F.) Ardour. Heat, (q. v.) A feel-
ing of burning, of violent heat; JSstuSf .XstU"
a^tiOf Cau4o'wM%
Asnox Febki'lis, (F.) Ardour da la Pihfn:
The hot period of feverc
Aedoe Stom achi, PyroaSa.
Aedoe UEi'ifiB, <F.) Ardour d^Urino. A
scalding sensation occasioned by the uiine in
passing over the inflamed mucous membrane of
the urethra, or over the neck of the bladder.
Aedoe VBiiEEBija,' Heat.
Aedoe VevteiCuli, BhuUif'to Stamfadd^
(F.) Ardour d*Eatomae. Heartburn. See Car-
dialgia and Pyroais.
A'REA, * a void ply;e.' A Latin word used
by some authors to desi^;nate a variety of Alo-
pecia, in which the hair changes colour, but
does not fall off; also, Porrigo d^alvans, (q. v.)
ARE'CA. ThefrmtyAro'oanuiyBotolnmtyOf
Aro'ea Cai'oohuy Caun'ga; Nat. Ord. Palm»;
Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia; (F.) Arooy
i^ astringent and tonic, and enteia into the com-
position of the Botoly the great masticatory of
the Orientals.
AREF ACTION, Arofaeftioy ^wQwftfy from
are/aooroy * to make dry,' (arorOy * to dry,' and
faeoroy < to make.') The process of drying anb-
stances, prior to pulverization.
^ ARENA, see Gravel.
ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian.
ARENA'TIO, Ckooisy Sand or Earth Bath;
from aronay <sand;' Saburra^tio. The appli-
cation of hot Qpuid to the body. Podilu'tna o[
sand were formerly used in Ascites.
.ARENCSA URI'NA, Sandy Urim. Urine
when it depositra sandy sediment.
ARENO'SUS, Sabulous, (q. v.) Also, one
who passes sandy urine.
ARENULA, see Gravel.
ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Aroa. Ana-
tomists understand by ArooltOy the interstices
between the fibres composing organs; or thoaa
existing between lamina, or between vessels
which interlace with each other.
Aroola is, also, applied to the coloured cir-
cle Haloy Halooy which surrounds the nipple ;
Artfola papUlt^risy and which becomes mach
darker during pregnancy; as well as to the cir-
cle surrounding certain vesicles, pustulea, hcc.y
as the puitules of the small-pox, the vaccine
vesicle, &c. Chaussier, in such cases, recom-
mends the word Aure'oiay (F.) Aurioloy Aitro.
Aeeola Papillaeis, see Areola.
ARE'OL AR, Aroola'ris. Appertaining to an
areola.
Areolae Exhalations are those recremen-
titial secretions, which are efiected within the
organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc-
tures, — as the aqueous, crystalline and vitreous
humours, &c.
Areolae Tissxtx, Cellular Tissue.
AREOM'ETER, Arctam'otory Ch-avim'otary
Aleoolom'otory Ahrootat'ie BalaneOy from «i^iu«c,
< light,' and /trr^o, 'measure:' i. e. *moasnro
of lightness.' An instrument, so called, be-
cause first employed to take the specific gravity
of fluids lighter than water. The Aro&motorof
Boaumdy which is the most used in Pharmacy,
particularly in France, consists of a tube of
glass, largely expanded towards its inferior ex-
tremity, and terminating, below, by a small
ball, containing mercury or lead, which serves
it as a balance, so that it may remain uprighl
in the fluid. This tube is frutiished with a
graduated scale. If the fluid into which the
Areometer is plunged ba heavier than wateri
ABES
77
AR6ENTX7M
the mitniioeiit rises: if lighter, it liiiki. There
are Tirious Areometere , as those of the Dutch,
oC Fahrenheit, Nicholson, kc. The Artometer
is also called Hydromfeter^ (F.) Ariomktre^
K4LB 07 THE ASSOIIBTKB WITH OOftBBSPOND-
UIO SFXCiriC O&AVITIXS.
1. Aaetndimg Seai$for light Kqtdda,
Beaom^.
Scale of
66
60
59
48
49
46
36
33
»
36
65
63
Id.
66
Gravis.
715
746
788
796
816 >
867
847
863
88B
878
-1
968j
915]
Id.'
933
93$(
948>
980
966
1006
Pue kydroeyanic aeid.^1^ /.««.
MC.
Very pore ralphsrle ether.
TlM Mpie ronoeatrated.
Equal parte ofalcobol, aad ether.
Very pure aieohol for pharmaeeuti-
eal purpoaes.
Pare aleobol. Naphtha.
Alcohol o/eomifieiee.
Braential oil of turpentine.
Bydroeiraiile
pore hydri
aeid of Bchoele and
^ lydroeyanie aeid. nUzed with
an equal portion of water. (Jl».
Wfa«<.)
Acetie ether. '
Nitric etl^r.
Muriatic ether.
Liquid aamonia.
Oiive oil.
Brandy.
Buifoody wlaa.
Bordeaux wine.
Diatilled water.
2. Duunding Scale for ksavf Hptidg.
(DtUeh.)
Scale or Bpecifle
BBtaaLGraTta.
I
6
ji
16
60
61
65
36
35
46
41
4S
Id.
96
60
66
76
1607 2
10605
1014
10757
16015
1161
II80{
isiot
1961
13841
139eV
1454)
Id.
IS-tt
1714
1847
1940
flubstancea.
dlaiaied water.
DisUUH vlnefar. <
Connioa Tlnegar.
Cow*e milk.
GonecBtrated acetic add.
LiquM hydrochloric add.
Boiling aymp.
Cold ayrup. -
Common nitric acid.
Ooneetttrated nitric add.
Phoaphoric add for medical aae.
Very eoneentiated aulpfaurie acid.
Very concentrated phoaphoric acid.
ARES. A term invented hy Paraeelsns to
d6iigoate the principle on which depends the
&nn of mercury, sulphur, and salt* These the
•Ichymists regarded as the three bodies that
give birfh to every other.
AR'ETfi, airr^^ < viitoe.' Mental or corpo-
real vigour— -Hippocrates.
AUREUS. A pessary mentioned by Psolus
ofiEgina.
AR^EMA, Ar'gem^j Ar'gtmus, from *cy»^,
* white.' Fos'nOay (F.) Enetwure. A white
spot or ulceration of the eye« — ^Hippocrates.
See Lencoma.
ARGEM'ONl: MEXIC A'NA, J%om Poppf,
PrieJUf Pappy, Ttllow ThUtU. A native 6f
Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of ths
world. Nai, Ord. Papaveracee. iS«r. Sy$u
Potyandria Monogynia. The juice resembles
gamboge, and has been used as a hydragogue.
The scwos are employed in the West In£es as
a substitute for ipecacuanha. They are also
used as a cathartic.
ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A chalybeate Situate at Argenson in Dauphiny :
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &c.
ARGENTj Apgentum--a. Cklorurs d*, see
Argentum — a. Cyanure d*y see Argentum — a.
9t d'Ammoniaquey eklorw d*, see Argentum —
a. Iodur$ d% see Argentum — a, Osndt d% see
Argentum. v
AR6ENTERIA, Potentilla anserlna.
AliGENTI CHLORIDUM, see Argentum
— «. et AmmoniflB -chloridum, see Argentum—
a. et Ammonis chloruretum, see Argentuna —
a. et Ammonias chloruretum, see Argentum — a.
Gyanidum, see Argentimi — a. Cyanuretum, see
Argentimi-*«. lodidom, see Argentnm*-a. lo-
duretom, see Argentum.
Aaoxn'Ti Nitras, Argen'tum Nitra'tum^ Sal
argen^tif Argentum Nifricum, (F.) Nitrate iPAr^
gent, Azatate d* Argent y Nitrate of Silver. This
preparation is sometimes kept in crystals, the
Nitrae Argen'ti in ory»tal*los eonere'tusy Ni»
trate d^ Argent eryttalliei of the Codex of Paris.
Lunapotab'iliey Crystalli LunmyArgen'tvm nit''
rieum ery»taUiea*tumy Nitrae argenti eryetal'*
linue, Nitntm lunt^ri, Hydrago'gum Boy'LSi.
Generally, however, it is in the ftued state : and
it is this which is admitted into most Pharma-
copceias, and which^ besides the name Nitrae
Argentiy is called Ni*trae argen'ti fueuty
Cauifti'eum lumclrly Lapieinfema*liey Argen'-^
turn nit*ricum fueumy and lunar cauetity (F.)
Nitrate d* argent fonduy Pierre in female.
In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States,
it is directed to be prepared as follows: Take
ofeilvery in small meces, 2j.; nitric acid, f. ^r,
dietilled voter , f. 51). Mix the acid with the
water, and diseolve the silver in the mixture
in a sand bath ; then gradually increase the heat,
so that the resulting salt may be dried. Melt
this in a crucible over a f^entle fire, and con-
tinue the heat until ebullition ceases; then im-
mediately pour it into suitable moulds.
The virtuee of nitrate of silver are tonic, and
escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, fcc.$
locally, it is used in various cases as an escha-
rotic. Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. M in pill, three
times a day.
When silver is eombined with iodine, it is
said to have the same effect as the nitrate, and
not to produce the slate colour of the surface,
which ii apt to follow the protracted use of the
latter.
Aeoentx Oxiduv, see Argentum.
ANGENTINE, Potentilla anserina.
ARGENTUMy^r'^riM, from o^o^, < white.'
Silvery ImuAy Dia'nay (F.) Argent, A solid
metal of a sinning white appearance; insipid;
inodorous; highly sonorous; malleable and due-
tile; somewluit hard; cirstBllizable in triangu-
lar pyramids; fusible a little above a red heat,
and volatisable; s. g. 10.4. Not used at all in
medicine, unless in some places for silvering
AROILB OCSRBUBJS pJlE 79
ABI8T0L0CHIA
pilli. SiLVkft Lbap, Argt»*tmm fohatum^ k
the state in which it is UMd for this pnrpoee.
Abobntum Divi%uk» mttaUU silver , in very
fine powder, has hean reoommended internally
■in r^hilia.
ll&e esLOBiPB {Argm'H eklo'ridum, Argm*-
twm mmnai'iwmi A, ekloraftum^ A. sali'tmmy
Chlorur$'tum Argntfti^ Ckhr^urtt or Mu'riate
of Silver, (F.) Chlorw d'Argent;) the Cta-
mvbbt; the Iodu>b {Argen'ti lo'didnm, Argonf-
twm loda'ttim, lodure'twm Argtrn'ti, lod'urtt of
Silver, (F.) Joduro d*Argmu;) the Oxidb {Ar-
g^'ti oai'idwmyArgtnftum oxyda'tvm, (F^ Ox-
ide d* Argent, and the Cblobdb of AicMoiru and
SiLVBB {Argenti et Ammo'fUet eklo'ridum, Ar-
gon'tum muriai'ioum ammoma*tum, Cklorure''
him Argen*ti et Ammo'nia, Chlo'ruret of Silver
emd Ammonia, Ammomo-ehloride of Silver, (F.)
Cklorure d'Ar^^ent et d'Ammoniaque, have been
used in syphilis. At first, these difierent pre-
parations were administered iatraleptically on
the gnmsj the chloride, the cyanide and the io-
dide in the dose of l-13thof a grain; the chloride
of silTer and ammonia in the dose of l-14th of a
grain, and the oxide of silver and divided silver
in the dose of l-8th and l-4th of a grain. M.
Serre, of Montpellier, who made many trials
with Uiem, soon foond that these doses were too
small; he therefore raised that of the chloride
to 1-lOth, and of the iodide to l-6th of a grain,
withont any inconvenience resnlting. The dose
of the other preparations was likewise increased
in a similar ratio. M. Serre extols Uie prepa^
rations of silver — used internally as well as
iatraleptically — as antisyphilitics, but they are
not to be depended upon.
The Cfonuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argm'ti
Oftmure'tum, A. Cyan'idum, Argenftum oyano-
gena'tuwk, <F.) Cfommre d*argewt, is thus di-
racted to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842.)
Argent, Nit,Txr, Aeid Hydroeyan* Aq, deatil-
lot. U Oj. Having dissolved the nitrate of sil-
ver in the water, sidd the hydrocyanic acid, and
mix them. Wash the precipitate with distilled
water and dry it.
Abgxrtum Cblobatum, see Argca tuni a.
Cfanogenatom, see Argentom — a. Fiigitivam,
Hydrargyrum — a. Fusom, Hydrargyrum*-a.
lodatnm, see Amntum-— a. Liquidom, Hydrar-
gymm— 4u Mobile, Hydrarg^mm--a. Moriati-
cnm, see Argentom— «. Muriaticom Ammonia-
tam, see Argentom — a. Oxydatum, see Argen-
tom— a* Salitom, see Argentom— a. Vivom,
Hydrargyrom.
AROILB OCHREUSB pAlE, Bolns Alba.
AROILLA BOLUS FLAY A, Terra Leannia
— ^L Bohis rubra, Bole Armenian— a. Fermginea
Rubra, Bole Armenian — a. Kalisolphurica, Alu-
men— a. Pallida, Bolns alba.
Aboilla Pixba, Terra Alu'mima, 2*. hola'rie
sen argUltfeea fura, pure Argil t>r Alumina,
Alumine faetiee. This substance, which is pre-
pared by drying alum and exposing it, for
twenty or twen^-five minutes, to a red heat,
until the sulphuric acid is driven off, has been
recommendea in indip^tion as antacid, as well
as in Vomiting and diarrhiea accompanied with
acidity. The dose to a very young child is from
l^ss to 3J.; to older children from 3) to ^i.
Aboilla Sulphitbioa Aloalxsata, Alomen
— «• Snlphnrica usta, Alnmen exsiceatom— a.
Supersttlphas alcalisatum, Alumen-Hu Vitrio-
late» Alumen.
ARGOL, R£I>, Potaasa supeiUuUa s iBBparai
—a. White, Potassv supertartras imparos.
AROUMENTUM INTEGRITATI8, Hjr-
ARGT'RIA, from oeyu^c, «silver.» The
discoloration of the skin occasioned by the in-
ternal use of nitrate of silver.
ARGTROCHiETA, Matricaria.
ARGYROPH'ORA, from a^vqo^, < silver,'
and f t^M, < I bear.' A name given, by Myrep-
SOS, to an antidote which he regarded as ex-
tremely precious.
ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blanemangwr.
ARGYRUS, Argentum.
ARHEUM ATIC, Arketmat*ieue, from a my
vative, and ifv/ia, * fluxion or rheumatism.' One
withont floxion or rheumatism.
ARIA, CratBgus aria.
ARICI'NA, Cue'eonin, Cuseo-einckonia^ so
called from Arica in South America, the place
wher« it is shipped. An alkali, found in Cnsoo
Bark, which is vtij similar in many of its pro-
perties to Cinchoma. Cuzco was the ancient
residence of the Incas.
ARICTMON. oQtMVfiof, from aqt, an inten*
sive particle, and ttvtv, * to conceive.' A name
given to a female who conceives readily ^ — ^Hip-
pocrates.
ARIDEl<f A. A Latin word employed to de-
signate the leanness of any part. — ^Ettmuller,
Sauvages.
ARIDITY, Arid'itae, (F.) Aridity, from
arere, <to dry-' The French use the word
Aridity to express the dryness of any ornn,
and particolarly of the skm and tongoe, men
such dryness is so great as to render the organ
rough to the touch. Aridity also means the
lanuginooB appearance of the hair in some dis-
easea in which they seem covered witii dust.
ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emaciation of the
whole or of any part of Vae body. — ^Marasmns,
Atrophy, (q. v.)
AamuBA Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the.
ARIE A, see Spirit.
ARISTALTHiBA, Althaea.
ARISTOLOCHI'A, from attrreg, «very
good,' and x^/ua, * parturition ;' so called, be-
cause the different varieties were supposed to
aid parturition. Birthwort, (F.) Arietolocke*
Several varieties were once in use.
Abistolocri'a Clbmati'tis, Aristoloekd^a
Vulga'ris, Adra Riga, Arietoleekifa ten'uiSf
(F.) Aristoloehe ordinaire, Vprigkt Birtkwort,
The root has been considered stimulant and
emmenagogue, and as such has been used in
amenorrhea, chlorosiB, and cachexia.
Aristolochia Fabacxa, Fumana bulboea.
Abistoloohi'a Lonoa and A. Rotub'da, (F.)
Aristoloehe longue et ronde. Long and nnmd
Birthfoort. Virtues the same as the preceding.
Abistolocri'a Pistolochi'a, Ptetoloeki'ay
Arinoloeki*a polyrrhi^t^a. This variety has an
aromatic odour, and an acrid and bitter tttte.
(F.) Arietoloeke or/nol4e.
Abistolocri'a Sbbvbnta'bia, Serpenta^riOf
Vipera*ria, Viperifna Virginu^na, Coluhri'nm
Virginu^na, Contrayer^va Virginia'na, S, Vir*
gima*na, (F.) Serpentaire et Arietolooko eer-
pentaire de Virgime, Colwvrine de Vtrgimo, Vir*
ginia SnaJhroot, Snakeroot Birikwort, Snake-
loeed, Snagrel. Virtues — ^tonic, stiimilant;
and, as such, employed in debility, intennit-
tentiy he.
ABISlOLOOmC
^BRItEBB NJmJNBS
A^vroLocm'A TrnjcfSAtA, (F.) Atutoheks
triiohi; A plant of Sarinam mnd Jamaica;
poMeaaing tlie general virtaea of the Ariatolo-
ciliia. The ouer variatica of Ariatolochia
faaTe aimilar nropeitiaa.
ARISTOLOCHIC, AristOock'unu. Same
etymology. An old term for ramediaa aup-
poaad to ha^e the property of promoting the
flow of the lochia—Hippocntea, Theoplsaatiia,
Dioacoridci, fcc«
ARISTOiN MAONUMand ARISTON PAIU
VUM. Theae names were formerL]^ given to
pharmaeeotical preparationa, oaed in phthiaia,
tormiDa, and fever ^—ATieenna.
ARISTOPHANEION. A lort of emollient
phater, prepared wkh four pounds of pitch, two
of af^ekfmoj one of wax, an oance of opopo-
naz^andhalf a innt of vinegar.-^ Gornnis* Not
ARKANSAS^ MINERAL WATERS OF.
Aboot 5 miles from the Waahila river, and
about a quarter of a degree north -of the Lou-
iataaa Ime^ there are 70 of those springs. They
are thermal, upwards of 100^ Fanrenheit, and
are emplojred in rheumatiami cutaneous affec-
tiona, he.
ARLADA, Realgar.
ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther-
mal sulphureous springs in, the dejpartment of
Pyr^n^M Orientales, France. Their tempera-
tare is 103° to J45<* of Fahr., and they contain
salphdlqrdric acid.
ARM, Brachium.
ARMA, Penis— a. Ventris, Penis.
ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal— a. Chirur-
gicnm, aoe Arsenal.
ARMATORT UNGUENT, Hopiochrysma.
ARMATURA, Amnioa.
ARME, ««#ci7, from o^a, < I adapt.' Any phy-
siological or mechanical junction or union of
parte. — fieaychius. A sttture, as of the cra^
niom^ — Galen.
ARMENIACA MALUS. The Apricot. See
Pronns.
ARMENIAN STONE, Meloehitea.
ARMENITES, Melochites.
ARMILL^ MANUS MEMBRANOSiE,
Annular ligaments of the carpus.
ilfi3rO/SrjS^LiLYCjB£,Artemisiarupestris
— ^.Cmmnmm, a rtemisia vulgaris — AEstr€tgon,
Artemisia dracnnculus — a, Ordmedre, Artemi-
sia vulgaria.
ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum.
ARMORAfCIA. InthePharmacopceiaof the
United Statea, the fresh root of the Cochlearia
•mMTacia.
ARMOUR, Condom.
ARMURE DE8 JAMBBS, see Conn am-
monis.
ARMUS, Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion.
AR'NICA MONTA'NA. Derivation uncer-
tain. Amiea, Leopard's Ban*^ DoronfMum
Gtrmmmficumy Alis'may Ae^yrus^ JHuret'iea,
Amiea Plauen'sig^ Panaee^a lapsc'rum, Ptof^-
mica monit^naj Caitka seu Cal0n*dtUa Alpi^nay
(F.) Armiquef Bitoine d«s MotUagn$*y Tabae
d4s Vo^Sj Taiae ou Bitoine dee Savofarde^
Dorome d^AUomagne. Sex. Sfot. Syngenesia
Polygunia superflua. Nat, Ord, SynanSieres.
The plant and flower are conMdered, or have
been considered, narcotic, stimulant, emmena-
fiogue, &c. ; anc^ as such have been given in
ammoaia, paralyais, all nervous
rfaemnatiaw, gout, chlorosis. Sec. Dose, gr. ▼
to z in powder. In large doses, it is delete-
rious.
AuaoA SruaiA, Inula dysenterica— a. Sue-
densis. Inula dysenterica.
ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago.
ARO'MA, Artfmoy < perfune:' («^, « very,'
and ooftti or oifiiif < odour.') Spir^itu* Rectory
(F.) Arome, The odorous part of plants. An
'emanation— frequently imponderable, from bo-
dies—which acts on tine organ of smelly and va-
ries with the body exhaling it.
AROMATIC, Aromafieucy (F.) Aromaie.
Any odoriferous substance obtained from the
vegetable kingdom, which contains much vola-
tile oil, or a light and aspansible resin. Aro-
maties are used in perfomes, in seasoning, mad
embalming. In uMdicine they are employed
as stimulants. Ginger, cinnamon, cardamoms,
mint, hCy belong to this class.
AROMATOPOI4 A, from a^fioy < vk odour,'
and 7r«li«, <I sell.' An apothecary or drug-
gist. One who sells spices.
AROPH. A barbarous word, which had va-
rious significations with the ancients. Para-
celsus employed it to designate a lithontriptic
remedy. TIm^ mandragora, according to some.
Also, a mixture of brwd, saifron and wine« —
Van Helmont.
A^opH Paracslsi, Ferrum ammoniatum.
ARQUBBU8ADE EAUD^Aquatraumat'-
ioa Thcdo'miy Aqua Tkedu^na^ Aqua edofCUf^
ria. Aqua vulnera^riay Aqua eatapultt^rump
MUtufra vulnera'na ae"ida* A sort of vulne-
rary water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic
plants. iRoeemarf Ibiss, miUefoti, thprncy ewb
Bms. Proof epirit 3 gallons— distil a gallon.
This is one form*)
ARRABON, Arraphon.
ARRACHEMENT, (F.) from arrackory^Xo
tear out,' Apoepae^may Abruf/tio, Avul^eio. Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it
from the bonda connecting it with others. Evul-
sion (q. V.) Laceration (q. v.)
Arraekcment is applied to certain operations,
aa to the extraction of a tootky the extirpation
of a polypus y fcc.
ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit.
AR'RAPHON, AHfabony from a, priv. and
^a^flf <a suture,' — ^^ without suture.' A term
applied to the cranium when it preaents no su-
tures.
ARRECTIO, Erection.
ARREPTIO, Insanity.
ARREST A BO VIS, Ononis spinoaa.
ARRET D'HILDANy Remora Hildani.
ARRETE'BtBUFy Ononis spinosa.
ARRHCEA, from «, privative, and ^lei, <I
flow.' The suppression of any flux. Ame-
norrhcea, (q. v.)
ARRHOSTEMA, Disease.
ARRHOSTENIA, Disease.
ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
ARRIkRE'BOUCHEy Pharynx— a.-jDfl«*,
See Dentition— a.-Kxt^, Secundinas.
ARRlkRE-QOUTy (F.) ' aiter taste.' The
taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for
some time after they have been swallowed,
owing probably to the papills of the mouth
having imbibed the savoury substance.
ARRlMREa NARINES, Nares, posto-
JiBROCSE
ARSENICUIC ALBUM
ARROCREy Atriplex hortensii— a. Puatu,
Chcnopodium volvuria.
jSRROSEMENTy Aspenion.
ARROW POISON. This diffen with dif-
ferent tribes of Indians. By sooie, the potscm
capsicum, and infusions of a strong kind of to-
bacco, and of euphorbiaces are mixed together,
with the poisonous enunet, and the teeth of the
formidable serpent, called by the Peruvian In-
dians Miuitmaru or Jargon, — Laeh4sis puta of
Tschudi.
ARROW ROOT, Fe&ula Maran'ta. The
fecula of the rhizoma of Maranfta Arundinafteay
which, like all fecula, is emollient and nutri-
tive, when prepared with water, milk, fcc.
Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida
root is derived from Zafmia int$grifo'lia or Z.
fvfmUay Sugar pins; Benau'daarrofo root being
obtained from Haranta arundinacea. Florida
arrow root as well as the farina is known in
the Southern States under the name Coonti or
Cooniis.
Arkow Root, Bkasiliaii. The fecula of
Jatropha Manihot.
Arrow Root, Common, see Sohnum tube-
rosum.
Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of
the tubers of Curcuma angustifolia or narrow-
leaved Turmeric.
Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal-«. Chyniia-
trica,Chymiatria — a. Clysmatica nova. Incision
of medicines — a. Coquinaria, Cidinary art — a.
Cosmetica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary
art— a. Empirica, Empiricism — a. Hermetica,
Chymistry'-«. Homceopathica, Homceopathy—
a. fiydriatrica, Hydrosudotherapeia>-«. Infuso-
ria, Infusion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Me-
dicina — a. Majorum, Chymistry — a. Medica,
Medicina — a. Obstetrician Obstetrics — a. Sa-
nandi. Art, healing — a. Separatoria, Chymistry
— a. Spagirica, Chymistry — a. Veterinaria, Ve-
terinary Art — a. Zoiatriea, Veterinary Art.
ARSALTOS, Asphaltum.
ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
ARSENAL (/ .) Ckirapotht'ea, ArmameH^
ta'rivm^ A, ehirur'gicum^ A collection of sur-
gical instruments. A work containing a de-
scription of surgical instruments.
ARSENlATE, Arsen'ias. A salt formed
bv a combination of arsenic acid with a salifi-
able base.
Arsbniatb of Ammonia, Arssn'tas Ammo*
nia, Ammo'nium Arsen'ictu»y (F.) Arainiats
tPAmmoniaque. This preparation is highly ex-
tolled in cutaneous diseases. A grain of the
salt may be dissolved in an ounce of distilled
water, and 20 to *25 drops be commenced with
as a dose.
Arsbniatr op Iron, Ar»en'icu F»rr%, Ferrum
Arsonia'tumy F. Arten'ieum oxydrila'tum, (F.)
Arsiniat9 de Fer, This preparation has been
applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An
ointment may be made of ,:;ss of the arseniate,
l^ij of the phosphate of iron, and ^vj of sperma-
c sti ointment. The arseniate has also been given
internally in cancerous affections, in the dose
of one-sixteenth of a grain.
Arsbniatr of Protox'xdb of Potas'bium,
Proto-arton'iatf of Potas'sivmj Arsen'iato of
Potctaaot A rgen'ias Poteuta, ArsenioJ Kali* Fnh
perties the same as those of arsenious acid.
AR'SENIC, Arsen'ieum. A solid metalj of a
steel-gny- colour; granular texture; very brit-
tle; volsitilizing before melting; very combus-
tible and acidi&ble. It is not dangerous of it-
self, and only becomes so, by virtue of the &•
cility with which it abaorba oxygen.
ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album.
Arsrnxo, Iodidb of, Arson'iei To'didum^ A.
loduro'tumy Arson'ieum lodJtum, This pre-
paration, applied externally, has been highly ex-
tolled by Biett in various cutaneous affections.
The ointment he uses contains three grains of
iodide to Jj of lard.
Arsbhic, Oxidb of, Arsenicum albani--«.
Oxide of, White, Arsenicum albun^--a. White,
Arsenicum album.
Arsbnic and Mrrcxjrt, Iodidb of, Hydrar''
gyri §t Arson^d lo'didum^ DouiU Podido of
Aor'ewry and Ar'sonic, lodo-art^oniu of Mor*-
eury. A compound, which has been proposed
as more efficacious than either the iodide of ar-
senic or the iodide of mercury. It is made by
triturating 6.0B grains of metallic arsmie; lAM
grains ofmoreurv; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachiki
of alcohol, until the mass has become dry, and
from being deep brown has become pale red.
Eieht ounces of distilled water are poured on,
and after trituration for a few moments, the
whole is transferred to a flask ; half a drachm
of kfdriodie acid, prepared bv the acidification
of two grains of iodine is added, and the mix-
ture is boiled for a few moments. When the
solution is cold, make the mixture upte f. Jviij
with distilled water. This is called by Mr.
Donovan, the proposer. Liquor Arssn'iei et Ify-
drar'gyri lo'didi, each drachm of which by
measure consists of water ^, arsenious acid
gr. l-6th; peroxide of mercury gr. I-4th, iodine
converted into'hydriodic acid gr. 3-4ths. The
dose of this, Do'iovan^s Solution, is from ii|^.
XV to f. gss two or three times a day.
It has been used successfully in inveterate
cutaneous diseases.
ARSENICAL PAISTE, (F.) Pits Arssnicale.
This application to cancers is formed of 7M
parts of dnnsAar, 22 of dragon* s blood, and 8
of arsenious add; made into a paste with sa-
liva, when about to be applied.
ARSENICI lODIDUM, Arsenic, Iodide of--
a. loduretum, Arsenic, Iodide of.
ARSENICISMUS, Intotdea'tio Arsoniea'Us.
Poisoning by arsenic.
ARSENICUM ALBUM; White Ar" sense.
Oxide of Ar'senie, Ratsbane, Arsen*id ox'ydum
album, Calx Arsen'id alba, A^'idum Arsenica''
sum, A, Arsenio'sum (Ph. U. S.) Arsen'ious
add. White oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blane.
An acid which is met with in commerce, in
compact, white, heavy, fragile, masses ; of a
vitreous aspect, opake, and covered with a
white dust: of an acrid and nauseous taste;
without smell when cold; volatilinble by heat,
and exhaling the odour "of garlic : soluble in
water, alcohol and oil ; crystallizable in regu-
lar octahedrons. It is tms that is meant by
the name Arsenic, a^ commonly used.
Arsen^icum Album Sdblima'tum, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in me-
dicine. It is tonic and eschtf otic, and is the
most virulent of mineral poisons. It is used
in iptermittents, periodical headachs, neuroses,
&c. Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in pill.
See Poisons, Table of.
Arsbnicum Iodatum, Arsenic, Iodide of.
ARSENI8 POTASS^
81
JiBTkRS
AtasEmcvM Rub&vw FACTiTum, Bealgar.
ARSENIS POTASSJS, Anenite of protox-
ide of potaMiam — a. Potasse aquosns, Liquor
sraenicalis — a. Potaais liqaidut, Liquor arse*
nicalis.
A R'SENITE, Jfr'g^nis. A salt, formed by a
eombinatkm o^ the anenious acid with a lalifi-
Ae'sbhits of PaoTox'iDE or Potas^bhtm,
Proio-ar'MtniH of Potas'tiumy Ar'senite of Po*
tassa, Ar*9omM PotasstB. A a uncrystallizable
and colourless salt, which forms the basis of
the liquor arsenicaUs, which see.
ARSE-SMART, Persicaria— a.. Biting, Poly-
gonum hydropiper.
ART, HEALING, Jirs Sanamfdi, MtdieifnOy
(q. V .) The appropriate application of the pre-
cepts of the best physicians, and of the results
of experience to the treatment of ^disease.
AsT, Vrmiif AXT, Veterinary art.
AR'TABfi, oQ^ajfif. Name ef a measure for
dry substances, in use with the ancients, equal
at times, to 5 modii: at others, to 3; and at
others, ag»in, to 7. — Galen.
ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico.
ARTELSHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These German waters have been much re-
commended in hysteria, gout, palsy, fcc.
Their physical or chemical properties, have not
been described.
ARTEMISIA, Anaeti'rioH, Called after a
queen of the name, who first employed it; or
from AfTtfuff * Diana;' because it was formerly
Qsed in diseases of women, over whom she pre-
sided. The Gauls called it Brieumvm,
AxTxvn'iA AB.ROT*AnvUyAhrot*anum,Abrot*'
onuMy Abroi*anum Cathtumy Ahrot'anwn maoy
Abratkany South'omvfoodyOldman, (F . ) AuronOy
Aaront imdUy Aurone des jardtns, Oardoroh^y
CitronoUe. Supposed to be possessed of stimu-
bat properties.
Oil of Sotakomvwody O'loum Abrofamy (F.)
Huiio d'Auronsy possesses the aromatic proper-
ties of the plant.
Artkmis'ia ABam'TBiUM, Ahnn'tkiumy Ab-
sitt'tkium vtdga^riy Apin^tkium, Barypi^erony
Common Wormwoody (F.) Abointho, Proper-
ties:— tonic and anthelmintic. The Oil of
TTonmwoody CUum AhHn'thiiy (F.) HtdU d^Ab-
njukgy contains the aromatic virtues of the plant.
Artbmisia Botxts, Chenopodium ambro-
sioides.
Aktshis'ia Cavpxs'tris, Pield Soutkem"
*eood,(F.)Auronsdes Champs » This possesses
the nme properties at A, Abrot*<mum.
Artxxisia Chbhopodium , Chenopodium bo-
tryt.
AarmisiA CnnnBHSis, A. Infdieay A. Moxa*
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
AxTXMis'iA DxAOun'cuLUS, Tar^agofty (F.)
Armoitt ostragon. Virtues :— the same as the
last. •
AsTKMis'iA Glacia'us or Siliy Wormwood;
AsTKHiaiA IxDiCA, Artsmisia Chinensis, A.
sutonica;
Artbmis'ia Mabit'ima, Absin'tkium Marif'
iwmmyS$a Wormwoody MariUmo Southernwood;
AiTXMisiA MoxA, A. Chinensis;
and
AiTKMn'iA Pon'tica, a, Roma*nay Aboin^
tkiitm Pon'tieum sen Boma'numy Roman Worm'
imodf Lesser Wormwood, possess like virtues ;
—ts well as
Axtbvxb'ia Rupxs'tkis, Creeping Wormwood^
Gen*ipi albumy (F.) Armoise blanCy Genipi blame.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used
in interinittents, and in amenorrhoea*
Artxhis'ia Santor'xca, Santon'ienmy Arie^
mis'ia eontruy Semen eontra Vsrmesy Semen eon*
tray S. Zedoa^riesy Canni Her bay Chameeeedrisy
Cham4geyparis'susy Semen Cinesy Hagioeper*'
matmy Sanctum Semeny Absin'thium Santon*»
ieum, Sementi'noy XantoWnoy Seheba Ar'abum.y
Artemie'ia Juda'ieay Sina sen Cina Levan'tieoy
Wormseed, Tartarian Southernwood, (F.) Bar*
botine. Virtues :— anthelmintic and stimulant.
Dosoj gr. X. to zj in powder.
Artemis'ia Yitlga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et
alba, Cin^gulum Saneti Joan*nisy Mater Herbal-
mm, Beremeeeumf Bubasteeor[dium^ Canapa*»
day Mugworty (F.) Armoise ordinairOy A. Com-
mmisy Mrbe de Saint Jean. This, as well as
some other varieties, possesses the general tonic
virtues of the ArtemisiaD. The Artemisia vul-
garis has been highly extolled by the Germans
in cases of epilepsy. Dose of the powder in
the S4 hours from gss to gj.
AR TkREy Artery— 0. Sraehialy Brachial ar*
tery-^a. Braehio-e^.phaliquey Innominataarteria
— -<». Bronehifue, Bronchial artery — a, CUiaire^
Ciliary artery— o. Clitorienne : see Clitoris — a.
CeseeUe: see Colic arteries — a. Collatirale du
eoudey Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. Col^
lat^rale extemey Arteria profunda humeri — a,
Collateraleintemey Anastomoticus magnus »•
mus — a. Coronaire dee livres. Labial artery-— a.
Contnaire Stonutehique, Coronary artery — a.
Cruraley Crural artery— 0. Deusdeme dee thora-
eiquesy Arteria thoracica externa inferior — th
ApineusSy Meningeal artery, middle — a. Fimo-
ropoplitdey Ischiatic artery — a. Fessihrey Gluteal
artery — a. Gastrique droite, petite. Pyloric ar-
tery — a. Ghtuuro'maeeillaire, Maxillary artery,
internal— 0. Honteuee extemsy Pudic, external,
artery — a. Honteuse intemoy Pudic, internal, ar-
tery — a, Hum^rale profondsy Arteria profunda
humeri — a. Hiaque primitivey Iliac artery — a.
Innominisy Innominata arteria — a, Irienne, Ci-
liary artery — a, Isehio-pemenne : see Pudic, in-
ternal, artery — 0. Midiane antirieure. Spinal
artery^ anterior — a, Midiane posterieure du
raehisy Spinal artery, posterior — a.' Meningia
moyMSMtf, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Menton^
m'^4,Mental foramen — a. Mesoeephalique, Basi-
lary artery— 0. Mesoeoligne: see Colic artery—
0. Museulmre du bras, Arteria profunda humeri
— 0. Museulaire dit bras, grands : see Collateral
arteries of the arm — 0. Museulaire grande de la
ntisssy Arteria profunda femoris — 0. Opistho*
gastrique, Cceliac artery — 0. Orbitaire, Oph-
thalmic artery— 4. de POvaire, Spermatic arte*
ry — 0. Pelvi-erurale, Crural artery — 0. Pelvic
erurale. Iliac artery — 0. Peltnenne, Hjrpogastric
artery — a, Premikre des thoraeiques, Arteria tho-
racica externa -superior — a> Radio-earpisnna
transversals palmodre. Radio-carpal artery — a,
Serotalsy Pudic, external, artery — 0. Sous-ela-
vihrsy Subclavian artery — 0. Sous'pttbio-fim4>»
rale. Obturator artery — 0. Sous-pubienns^MAiCy
internal, artery— -0. aous-stemaly^amsoarf, in-
ternal — 0. Spkbno'ipineusey Meningeal artery,
middle— 0. Stomogastriqusy Coronary artery —
0. 8uS'€arpienne,wetSue'barpien^--a, Sus-maaf^
illaire. Alveolar artery— 0. Sus^maxillaireyBne-^
cal artery — 0. Sus-Mitatarsienney Metatarsal
artery— 0. Sus^puHennSy Epigastric artery — 0.
ARTEBIk
ARTERY
TeHieuiairey Sperniatie axtery— ^. T%ormeiqus
humSraley Acromial artery — th Trachilourvieal,
Me Cerebral arteries — a. TrochofUirUniu, Cir-
cumflex arterr of Uie thigln^a. Troisihiu d—
tkoraeiqtitsy Acromial artery— 4. Tympanifue,
Auditory artery, external — 0. JTnial^y see Cili-
ary artery — a. VWv«>0,Padic, external, artery.
ARTERIA, Artery-— a. Ad Cvtem Abdo-
minis, see Ad Cutem abdominis, <arteria)— «.
Anonyma, Innominata artery — a. Aspera, Tra-
chea—a. Cerebralis, Carotid, internal — a. Cer-
▼icalis, Basilary artery— «. Coronaria dextra,
Pyloric artery— a. Crassa, Aorta — a. Externa
cubiti. Radial artery— a. Dorsalis metacatpi,
Metacarpal artery — a. Dnras matris media max-
ima, Meningeal artery, middle— «. Encephalica,
Carotid, internal— a. Gastrica saperior. Coro-
nary artery— a. Ilio-colica: see Colic arteries
-^-Hi. Iliaca interna. Hypogastric artery— -a. Ili-
aca posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Ma^ia,
Aorta — a. Magna poUicis, ^rinceps pollicis — a.
Malleolaris externa: see Tibial arteries — a.
Malleolaris interna: see Tibial arter ie s a . Maiki-
maria externa, A. Tboraciea externa, inferior
— «• Maxinoa, Aorta — a. Media anastomotica:
see Colic arteries — a. Meningsa media, Menin-
geal artery, middle— «. Muscularis femoris, A.
Profunda femoris — a. Pharyngea suprema, Pte-
rygoid artery — a. Profnnda cerebri x see Cere-
Inral arteries — a. Pudenda communis, Pudic, in-
ternal, artery— a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, ar-
tery — a. Ramulus ductus Pterygoidei, Pterygoid
artery-^-a. Spheno-spinosa, Meningeal artery,
middle — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri— a.
Stemalis, Mammary, internal— a. • Supra-orbi-
talis, Frontal artery — a. SyWiana: see Cerebral
arteries — a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris. Sca-
pular artery^ inferioi^-a. Thoracica humeralis.
Acromial artery— ^.-Transyersalis colli: see
Cerebral arteries — a. Transyersalis humeri.
Scapular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital
artery— a. Uterina hypogastrica. Uterine artery
— a. Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris.
KKTWKlKCyArterHacuB. A medicine pre-
cribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte-
rial, (q. V.)
ARTE'RI^ ADIPO'S^. The arteries which
secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes
so called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
Artbbijb Apoplbctiojb, Carotids— 4. Capi-
tales, Carotids — a. Ciltares, Ciliary arteries — a.
Corporis callosi cerebri, Mesolobu arteries — a.
Jugulares, Carotids — a. Lethargies, Carotids —
a* Mesolobics, Mesolobar arteries — a. Pr»-
parantes, Spermatic arteries — a. 8omnifer»,
Carotids— a. Soporales, Carotida— cu Soporarias,
Carotids — a. Yenosas, Pulmonary yeins.
ARTE'RI AL, ArUri'aeus^ ArUrio'sus. Be-
longing to ar^ries.
Aetsbial Blood, (F.) Sang artSriel. Red
blood is so called because contained in the arte-
ries. The pulmonary yeins, howeyer, also con-
tain red blood: hence the name arterial vmns^
(F.) Veinss art€rtelles, applied to them.
Aifrs^RiAL Duct, Cana'Us arterio^tutfDuetu*
anerio'atUy D. BotaUi, (F.) Canal arterial, C.
Pulmo'Oortiquey is the portion of the pulmonary
artery which terminates in the aorta in the
ftttns. When this duet is obliterated after
birth, it is called Arte'rial Lig'amtnt, (F.) Liga^
msTtt arfkriel.
Aetbeial Stbtem includes all the art(Bries»
I c»ppo-
from their origin in the heart to their termina-
tion in the organs. See Yascular System.
ARTERIALIZATION OF TiiE BLOOB,
Hsmatosis.
ARTARIARCTIEy from «^»fMi» 'artery/
and areto, * I straiten.' Contraction of ah artery.
ARTERIECTASIS^ Aneurism.
ARTERIECTOPIA, from u^nQut, « artery/
and wnWHi '* out of place.* Dislocation of an
artery.
ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
ARTERIITIS, Arteritis.
ARTERiODIALYSIS, see Anenrimn.
ARTERIOG'RAPHY, ArUriogra'pkia: from
o^niff «, ' artery,' and >^«^, < a description.' A
description of the arteries.
ARTERIOLA. A small artery.
ARTERIOL'OGY, ArttHolog'ia: from «frv-
^a, < artery,' and xa^tpy ' * discourse.' A trea-
tise on the arteries.
ARTE'RIO-PITUTTOUS. An epithet ap-
plied to yessels which creep along tlw interior
of the nostrils. — ^Rnysch.
ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism.
ARTERIOSITAS, from Arterioy «an artery.'
A condition of the blood in which it preser
in the yeins the arterial character « — The c»p
site to Yenositas.
Aetbeiositas Sab oxmiis, PisBdominiinn 1
guinis arteriesi.
ARTEKIOSTEIEy ftoxa fl^qfi«, 'artery,'
and omofy ' a bone.' Ossification of an nrtny
— Piorry.
ARTERIOT'OMY, Arurtotom'ia, from a^rw
fia, ^an artery,' and ri/uiw, * I cut.' Thia wont
has been void for the dissection of arteries.
Most commonly, howeyer, it means a surgical
operation, which consists in opening an artery,
to draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chiefly
used in inflanunatory affections of the heady
when the blood is generally obtained from the
temporal artery. See Blood-letting.
ARTERI'TIS, AHwrii'tigy Injlamma'tio Aru-^
ria'rwny (F.) ArUritey Injiammation d$s ar^hrss;
from *a^'ni^my < an artery,' and itisy a termina-
tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of
an artery. Inflanunation of the inner oo«t of
the artery is 'termed Endo-arttti'tiai or Bndo-
narfri'Ht; of the outer, EasoHtrteri'tis or JSx'
artefi'iis,
AR'TERY, Arte'riay (F.) Arth^ from «n^,
« air,' and rij^n*, * to preserve,' qnasiy « recepta-
cle of air,' because the ancients belieyed that it
contained air. They, at first, gaye the nune
Artery to the trachea, of'nM rca/tia, becaose
it is filled with air$ and afterwards they used
the same term for the arteries, properly so
called, probably because they conomonly found
them empty in the dead body. We find, alao,
9Xf/9f^ to designate the arteries, called bf the La-
tins Venee miean'tes jmleafilee^ Arteries, yyith
the moderns, signify that order of yessels, which
arise from the two yentricles of the heart, and
haye yalyes only at their origin. They are cy-
lindrical, firm, and elastic ciuials; of a yellow-
ish i^hite colour; little dilatable; easily lace-
rable; and formed, 1. Of an external, laminated
or cellular membiane, of a dense and close cha-
racter. 9. Of a middle coat composed of fihrea,
which does not, howeyer, contract on the appli-
cation of the gslyanic stimulus; and 3. Of an
inner coat, wluch is thin, diaphanous, reddish,
and polished.
iJtTERT
81
ABTERY
Hie «M of the vteries ie to eerry the blood
frtmi the heert to the Ttrioiifl parts of the syi-
tem. It will be obTioos, however, that they
egaaot all convey art$rial blood. The paboo-
Dory ertery» for example, ie deitined to convey
the vemaus blood to the lunfs, there to be con-
verted into murial ; whiUt the pnlmonary veine
convey arurial blood back to the heart.
TABUI OF TtLK PRINCIPAL AETttRIES OF THS tfODT.
Ail the Other arteries take their rise from the
Pulmonary Artery, or the Aorta : and the names
g^enerally indicate the parts to which they are
distributed.
I. Aetbkia Polmoma&is.
The Pnlmonary Artery arises from the right
ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left
branch, coe of which is distributed to each long.
n. Abts&xa Aoeta.
The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is
the common trank of the arteries of the body,
and may be divided into five portions.
a. ArterieM furnished by the Aorta at its origin.
1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
9. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.
b. Arteries fwmUhed by the AeHa at its areh.
The areh of the Aorta gives off, to the left,
two considerable tronks — ^the Arteria earotidea
fri m nt ivoj and A. suhdavia; and, to the right, a
angle trtmk, which is hrgar^tiie A, innomi-
natoy or Braehio-eephalieaf wliich divides into
the primitive carotid and subeiaviem.
A. AmTEBiA Cabi»- j Divideiitnto A.Carotideaezteraat
nsKA PUiHTiVA. \ A. CarotJdea Isterna.
rFarntebaa, I, A. Tkffrei^ee nperier.
8. A. luufualis, which gttm» off the A. dona-
Ha lingiie and A. anblinsualla
9.dff. fmeimiis or jf. MeaiUeris ttsrma,
a A r> whieb fttrnhtaaa the A. palaUaa iilfe-
«. A. i.a. j^^^ ^1^ ^ aohnenulia, aad A.
aaria aapbrior and Inferior.
4. A. 9eeiffiulis, which glYea off the A.
loldea poaterlor.
5. A. smriailerU pogterioTt Which gifea off
A. itylo-anMioiden.
t 8. dff pksrfmfgn inferlcr.
ThaaiiMnI rarotld Dltimacdy dlvida* Into the ta«i.
pml arterj and Iniomal nuxttlaiy.
'^Ljf'S Fernlahaa^. traiuiMt»eUsfktUi, Jf. msHeeie-
fS!' ( ria amwJT. aad A, ttmpit ■«§ aMdia.
ftmlabaa 13 hraaehea, vis. ^C mmUngte wMKa,
A. dmiaria it^erUr, A, impermlia fr^kmde
p^stniar, A. «— #i iw i n a, A. pUrfgridta, A.
kueeeHe. A, UmpermHs pr^fitnda sntsrirr. A,
ebmUsrUi A. suberUUfis. A. wdtmoy A.
pie t ^p e l m tine or pksrfmfm emperur^ A,
I peUim* sHmerier, aad A. apktnepelatma.
^ftamiflhea, 1. A. ^jiJka^lnaea, which (Iveaoff
A. lachrymalia, A. oantralia retins, A. to-
piaorbitarla vol aupeieillaria, A. cillara* poa>
trriorea, A. oiilarea Iobsb, A. mvacuiaria
aaperlor et inferiOTi A. ethoioidalia posterior
et anterior. A. patpebralla aoperior et Inlb.
rior, A. naaaiia, and A. fttrntnlla. S. A. eem.
wmmUams, mUesiL 3. A cktnUse, 4,A.€$.
rtbtMlMM emUrior, 5, A.eertbrmkswudie.
'Ftirnlabea, 1. A. vMieftraOr, which flyea off
A. apiaaltM antarior «l poaterior, A. cere-
beiloaa lalbrlor, and fortna— by anitinf It-
•eir wkh that of the oppoaitp aide -the A.
baailaria. dirldvd into A. eerebelloia anpe-
rioi and A. cerebralia poaterior. 8. A. fW-
fwidM tfi/Mir, which gi vet off A . eervkails
aaoendene. 3. A. wMmmeria imifme, wiiich
fiven off the A. mediaatina anterior and A.
diapliragniatica anpetfor. 4. A. HUsnestellM
septrior. S. A. est afcaivf frwnvMwa. 6. A-
acofiaris mferier. l.A,unUaUMfo»Uriier
vel fr^fimtd*. Farther on, the Mibclavian
artery continoea iti protra i a nnder tlw name
^.mUaHa.
1 A
kA.Ca.
rotidta
ii
B. Aa-
TiaiA
A. AaU-
iaris.
A. Br*'
l.A.1
fLA.Cu-
1. A, eeresOmHs. % A. ikerecUe
sipetitr. 3. A, tkortmea imferior vel lenga
▼ei wcwena cstama. 4. A. seapttUnria k0^
riar Tel etmmmvs. & A. eiremmJUse peati-
riar. 6. A. e h x wa^pa a m n u riar, Kartlieron,
the azillaiy artery coutinaea nnder tlie
name A. hratUaUa,
Fnrniahea A, kmaarmlh prafaMde or cajfattra-
Ue eatema. 9. A. eabaUraUa Mama. ]t
afterwards diyidea into the radial and em-
kUal arteries.
CHvea off A, raemrma radiiaJii, A, doreeUe
ernrpit A. daraaMa metaiaifi, A. daraaUa pal'
ticiat and terminatea in mrming the Areas
pahaaria frofiandaa.
Gives off A» raearrana ctAHaUa antariar and
^aifariar i A, interoaaaa amtaHar and peat s
rhr^ which latter fumiahea ^. rsoHrrsnar*-
AaVs paaleiior. It terminates in Ibrmlnf
the aaparjteial palmar areh, which fives on
A. OoUaiataiaa digUaraoi.
c. Arteries given off by the Aorta in the Thorax*
1. A, Breaakica^ dsstra tt aimisttm,
%. A, aaapkagam (to the number of four, ilvf ,
01 811.)
8. A. madjga^nm pastariaras*
4. A, intareaaUlaa Watieraa vel AaHiaa (to
tlie njttmber of eight, nine, or ten.)
d. Arteries furnished by the Aorta in the Abdo"
Tl^sas
ariariea <
ara^
J^ 5 1. The A tfia;iira/aiat/ca vel pkreniae, d^
••^**' ^ tra at anUatra,
Which diyidea into three branches, 1. A. ea-
ranaria een<r<ea/i. S. A Hapatiea. which
S. <f. j tivea off A. pyloriea. A. gastr»«plplolea
deztra and A. cystica : and, Ivtly, the A.
aplaaiea, which gives off A. gaatro-epiploloa
^ sinistra and Vasa brevla.
8. A, f Which givea off at ita concavity the ^. salAea
Maaeu* ) daxira eapariar, media at ia^ariar, and Ulia
tariea } convex part from 15 to 80 Kami Intcati-
ataer.ar-l nales.
S ^ ( Which glyes off .^. edtica nfasrtor ai«dia, and
^evsn- ^ i«,#VWA« anJHIvMAMtntn A. hwrnnrrhAldalM
iitferiar {
5. The A, Capaularaa madia (to the number of two on
each side.)
6. A. KamaUa er Xmmlgat^es*
7. A. SparmaUea.
8. A. Lambarta (to the number of four er Ave on each
aide.)
e. Arteries reeuUing from the Bifureation of
the Aorta.
The AorU, a little above If* Bifurcation, givea off the
A. aaera atadia, and divides Into A, Uiaem priaUtiva.
'^r^SjUvidas into A, JHaea irUema and A. IHaea
a. A.I1-
iaca in- <
terna.
infaHor, and dlvldea into A. hsmorrhoidalea
Boperlorea.
b. A.
iaca ez«
terna
A. Cra-
Pop-^
Fumiahea, t. A. Uie-lvaibaria. 9. A. aaera la-
taralia. XA gltitaaotiliaeapoatariar. 4.
A. amHliealia. 5. A, vaaiealia. 6. A. okn-
rstersa. 7. A. kamerrkaidaa madia. 8. A.
aterina. 9. A. vagimiUa. 10. A. iaekUUca.
11. A, pudanda inleraa, which gives off the
A. kemorrkoidalfa iafariartai A. af t%a asp-
faai, A, tranaveraa parinaa, A. aerperia c«-
vsmaM, and A. daraalie paaia.
Fttmiabea 1. A. aaigaatriaa. 8. A. iliaea anta-
riar or eircumjUxa ilii, and \» rontlnued af-
terwards under the name of Crural Artery^
Furnishes, 1. A. aaheataaaa akdaaimalis. 8. A.
pmdenda auperJUuM* and pr^f^mda. 3. A.
muaetUaria avpar/Uialia. 4. A. muaeularis
2»r«/VnAi,whicii gives off the A. circumfleza
eitema and inti^ma, and the three Ferfb-
rantea, distinf ulshed into superior, middle,
and inferior. Farther on, the crural artery
continues under the name A. Panlitsa.
* Fumiahea, 1. A. ArtieuUrre eipariaraa^ <tilar-
IM, «Mdia, •( asUma. 8. A, gaiaallm. 3. A.
Artiealaraa if/briorea, iaUma H eiAfma,
4. A UbialiaanHea, which at the foot, takea
the name,^. daraalia tarai, and givea off the
tarsal and metatarsal arterle». In the leg,
the popliteal artery dlvldea into the pero-
neal and posterior tibial.
Dlvldea Into A. paranaa emtiea and A. p e rmae
ARTERY
84
ARTHROSIA
hialis
fgtiea.
DiYldw Into 4. pUmUrU lateriM asd Jt.pUm-
taria §tUmt, Tlie latter, by ftnactooMMing
with the A ^m-gali* tarn, fomi Um pUnUr
mrtk, whence erbe Rami tvptriitt or p«r«
f^rtmUs p»$liei, JL h^$ri»r§9 yeflict tflcitti-
d, which give off Rami perfiirmntes antici.
Aktxkt, Aiioui*ak, Facial artery — a. Ar-
ticular, Circumflex artery — «. Brachiocepfa»-
lic, Innominata arteria — a. Central of the re-
tina, Central artery of the retina^-*. Central
of Zinn, Central artery of the retinar-a» Ce-
phalic, Carotid — a. Cerebral posterior, Terte-
oral--n. Cervico-acapular, see Cervical arteries
— «. Coronary of the lips. Labial artery— a, Cro-
tephite, Temporal artery— «. Fibular, Peroneal,
artery — a. Gastric inferior, Gastro-eptploic ar-
tery — a. Gastro-hepatic, see Gastro-epiploic
artery—a. Genital, Pudic (internal^ artery— a.
Gnttural inferior, Thyroideal A. mferior — a.
Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. superior^— a.
Humeral, Brachial artery— a. Iliac posterior.
Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular, Ileo-lombar
artery— «• Labial, Facial artery— a. Larrngad
superior, Thyroideal artery superior — a. Muul-
lary internal. Facial artery — a. Median of the sa-
crum, Sacral artery, anterior--^. Nasal, lateral,
large, Spheno-palatine artery— a. Palato-labial,
Facial artery— a. Pericephalic, Carotid (exter-
nal) — a. Phfljryngeal, superior, Pterygo-palatine
artery— a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic artery— «•
Posterior of the brain, see Cerebral arteries — a.
External scapular, Acromial artery— a. Spinal,
Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subclavian right,
Lmominata arteri»— a. Subscapular, Scapular
artery, inferior— a. Superficial of the abdomen.
Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Supramaxil-
lary, Alveolar artery— «. Suprarenal, Capsular
artery — a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary inter-
nal — a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal
artery— «. Yesico-prostetic, Vesical artery — a.
Vidian, Pterygoid artery.
ARTETIS'CIJS; from aviusy 'a limb.' One
who has lost a limb.
ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism.
ARTH ANITA, from acT«(, « bread:' the
Cye'lamtn or Sotohread, It was formerly made
into ointment, Unguen^tum Arthani'tay with
many other substances, and was employed as a
purgative, being nibbed on the abdomen.
Artranita CTCLAMxif, CycUmeu.
ARTHETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
ARTHRAGRA, Gout— a. Anomall^ Goat,
anomalous — a. (renuina. Gout, regular — a. Le-
gitima. Gout, regular— a. Normalis, Gout, re-
gular — a. Vera, Gout, regular.
ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout.
ARTHRELCCVSIS, from a^tn, ' a joint,'
and *iK]UM>i?, < ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint.
ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the
next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
ARTHREM'BOLUS, from H^^^y < a joint,'
vfy < in,' and $AkXtay < I cast.' An ancient in-
strument used in the reduction of dislocations.
ARTHRETICA, Teucrium chamspitys.
ARTHRITIC, Jlrthrit'ufuty from a<^«y, <a
joint.' (F.) Artkfitiyu^y Goutteux. That
which relates te gout or arthritis, as arthriHe
symptoms y fcc.
ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlososis, Ar-
throsia— a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering)— a.
Acuta, Gout (regular)— a. Arthrodynia, Rheu-
matism, chronic — a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic)
—a. Atonic, Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica,
Angina Pectorii-^. Erratica, Goat (wandering)
—a. Hydrarthros, Hydrarthros — a. Inflammato-
ria, Gout (regular)— 4i. Juvenilis, see Rheoma-
tism, acute— a. Maxillaris, Siagonagra^-a. No-
dosa, Ciout (with nodosities)— a. Planetica, Goat
(wandering)— a. Podagra, Gout— a. Rheamatiea,
see Rhenmatism,aeute — a. Rheumatismus, Rheo-
matism, acute— «. Retrograda, (vout (retrograde.)
ARTHROC'ACfi, from a^^£*v, <a joint,'
and x*xo{y *bad.' Disease of tne jointe; and
especially caries of the articular sumces. Spi-
na ventosa, (q. V.)
Aetheocacx Coxakvm, Coxarum morbus.
ARTHROCACOLCX^aA, ttomartkroeaeiay
— according, to Rost, a chrome disease of the
joints; and ioy^, < a description.' The doctrine
of chronic diseases of the joints.
ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from «^»^, <a
joint,' and nmnufu/iay < cancer.' Cancer of the
joints.
ARTHROCHONDRFTIS, from of^for, <a
joint,' ^0v/for, 'a cartilage,' andi<t>, denoting
mflammation. Inflanmiation of the cartilages
and joints.
ARTHROO)! A, from '^M^^fr, < a joint,' M-
artieula'tio. A moveable joint, formed by the
head of a bone applied to the sur&ce of a shal-
low socket, so that it can execute movements
in e^ery direction. Jhthrodium is < a small
joint:' diminutive of Arthrodia.
ARTHRODYN'IA, JrtkramU'giSy Attkrai''
giay from «(^v, < articulation,' and t^wi;,
'pain.' Articular pain. Pain in the joints.
See Rheumatism, ehronic
AaTHKODTNXA PoDAOUOA, Gout.
ARTHROL'OGY, 4rthrolog'*iay from ap^^f ,
^a joint,' and 2«r*ff> ' & description.' A descrip-
tion of the jointe. The anatomy of the jointe.
ARTHROM'BOLt:, from^^^^or, and /fallti,
<I cast.' Coaptetion, redaction. Reduetion
of a luxated or fractured bone.
ARTHROMENINGITIS, Meai|igarthi>o-
cace«
ARTHRON, «ajoittt.' The anciente used
the word Arthrony for the articulation of bones
with motion, in opposition to Sj/mpkgtU or
articulation without motion.
ARTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia.
ARTHRON'CUS, Artkropk^ma; from «#-
9pv¥y * a joint,' and •}^wc, < a swelling.' Tume-
faction of a joint.
ARTHR<JNEMPyESIS, Arthiopyosis.
ARTHROPHLOCSCSIS, from a^S^^Vy <a
joint,' and^a«x», <I bum;' Jirikrt^tisy Ostar-
tkro'sia. Inflammation of the jointe.
ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM,
see Adenochondrius.
ARTHROPYO'SIS, Artkronempf/ns, ttom
fl^^(«v, < a joint,' and nvoy, ' pus.' Suppura-
tion or abscess of the jointe.
ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS^Rheanaatism
(acute.)
ARTHRCSIA, from of ^^o«, <! articuhtte.'
Arthritis y (of some.) Inflammation, mostly
confined to the jointe; severely painful; occa-
sionally extending to the surrounding muscles.
A genus of diseases in the Nosology of Good,
including Rkswmatismy Oouty Articular injiam-
mationy Joint-aeksy fcc.
AaTHRosiA AciTTA, Rheunuttism, acute— a.
Chronica, Rheumatism,chroQic — a. Lumborum,
Lumbago— a. Podagra, Gout— a. Podagra com-
plicata, Gout (retrograde)— «• Podagnularvata,
ARTHROSIS
ARUM
Goat (atonic)— «« Pod^^ regokrii. Gout (re-
gular.)
ARTHROSIS, Articulation.
ARTHROSPON'GUS, from ae^fvy « a joint,'
and a-jfyY9t, 'a aponge.' A white, fbngoua tu-
naonr of the jointa.
ARTHROTRAU'M A, from o^^qw, * a joint,'
and r^Bv^s, * a wound.' A wound of a joint.
ARTIA. According to some, this word is
sjnonymoua with c<T^ia; others use it syno-
nymoualy with 2Va«A«a.
^RTICHJIJTTy Cynara scolymus.
ARTICHOK£, Cynara scolymus.
JRTICLE, Articulation.
ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTICULAR, Artieuia'ria : from artus,
<a joint;' articulusy 'a small joint.' That
which relates to the articulations; — as the ar-
tieuiar eapsvUs, fcc.
Aktic'ular Ak'tkries of TBS XMBE arisc
from the popliteal artery, and surround the
tihio>fenK>Tal articulation. Although of a small
sixe, they are important, as they frimish blood
to the lower extremity after the operation for
popliteal aneurism. They are distinguished
into superior and inferior* The superior arti'
emlar arteries^ po^^iteai artieuiar artsriesy are
commonly three m number : one of which is
ieuemaii unother extemaly and another middle^
the ax'ygous artitfular. The first, Ramus
auastomotfieus magnusy anastomoses by one
branch with the external circumflex; and by
another with the ^emal superior articular.
The steoud anastomoses with the external cir-
cumflex, the superior internal articular, and
the inferior external articular ; and the third is
distributed within the joint. The inferior at"
tieuiar arteries are two in number : an internal
and sxtermai* The former anastomoses with
the internal superior articular and the external
inferior articular. The latter anastomoses with
the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, and
the external superior articular. To each arti-
eokr artery there is an artieuiar nerve.
kn.Ti&uLJLR Facbttbs' are the contiguous
nrftees, by means of which the bones are ar-
ticulated.
AtTic'xTUkK Tbius of the knee follow the
«me course as the arteries.
ARTICULATIO, Articulation--a. Artifi-
csalis, Pseodarthroais— a. Notha, Pseudarthro-
sii.
ARTICrULA'TION, Joint, Jirtieuiatioy Ar-
tkro'sis, Aseastkro'sisj JSrtie'uius Junetu'ra,
Coloj Conjune*tiOy Nodusy Comws i ssu'roy Com-
pe^gesy SpntaoE^isy Har'musy Vsrtie'uia, Vertie^u-
Uuy Vsrtie'uluu^ (F.) Artieulation, Article,
Ssme etymon. The union of bones with each
other, as well as the kind of union.
TABLS or ABnClTLATIOIIS.
Articulations are generally divided into Diar-
tkro»9a or moveable articulations, and Spnar-
tkroses or immoveable.
f 1. Araphjartbmit.
I S. DiMttlirMil, orblea- ( Enarthrotls.
lar ysfue. j Arthrodia.
3. Aliernative or Gtnglymuat wiikh
[ adniuoTvarietias.
!1. Sutare.
t. Harnionf .
aOomplKwia.
. 4. flchindyletla.
The articulations are subject to a nnmber of
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe.
These may be physical, as wounds, sprains,
luxations, &c. ; or they may be organic, as an-
kyloses, extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism,
gout, hydrarthroses, arthropuosis, &c.
AaTicui*ATio2« means also the combination of
letters which constitute words. See Voice.
AaTicuLATion, False, Pseudarthro'sisy Ar^
tie*ulus falsusy (F.) il. fausse. A* aeeideruellef
A. eontre nature. A, anormale. A false joints
formed between fragments of bone, that have
remained ununited; or between a luxated bone
and the surrounding parts.
ARTICULATION EN CHARNlkRE.Gv^
glymus— 4. de la Hanehe, Coxo-femoral articu-
lation.
ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
langes of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis, Pha^
langes of the toes.
ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorage»-a.
Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
ARTIFICIAL, Artifieia'lisy (F.) Artijieiei;
from arsy artis, <art,' and faeere, <to make.*
That which is formed by art.
Artificial Etxs are usually made of enamel,
and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is
lost.
Artificial Tbxth are teeth made of ivory,
porcelain, &c.
PIECES IfANATOMIE ARTIFICIELLR8
are preparations of anatomy, modelled in wax,
plaster, paper, &c.
ARTISCOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTIS'CUS, from ccfrof , < bread.' See Tro-
chiscus. A troch of the shape of a small loidf.
Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers.
ARTOCARTUS. Thit Bread-fruit Tree,(F.)
Jaquier, A Polynesian tree, so called because
the fruit, which is milky, and juicy, supplies
the place of bread to the inhabitants. It grows
to the height of 40 feet.
Artocarpus Imtsorifolia, Caoutchouc.
ARTOC'REAS, from «fr»c, 'bread,' and
xffof , f flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made
of various aliments boiled together. — Galen.
ARTOG'ALA, from «^oc, < bread,' and yaOM,
<milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread
and milk. A poultice.
ARTOM'ELI, from «frec, < bread,' and ^ju»
< honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey. —
(Salen.
ARTUS, Membrum.
ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment.
ARUM, A. maculatum, and A. triphyllum—
a. Americanum beta foliis, Dracontium fceti-
dum.
Arum Dracuk'culub, Draeun^eulus polp^
pkpVlusy Colubri*na Draeon'tiay Ervade Saneta
Maria, Gig'arus setpentafriay Arum polypkyV*
iumy Serpenta'ria Gcdlo'rum, Family y Aroides.
Sees. Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and
leaves are very acrimonious. The plant resem*
bles the A. maeula'tum in its properties.
Arum Esculrm'tum, Calafdium esculen'tumy
Taroy Kalo, The foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing ; in which form it is used as food by the peo-
ple of Madeira, the Polynesians, &c.
Arum Macula'tum, Arum (of the older wri-
ters) CueJhoio Pinty Barba Aaro'nisy Serpents^'
ria minor, Zin' giber German'ieumy Saeerdos pe^
nis, WaJhe Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.) Gouet,
ARUMARI
A8CA1US
Pisd d0 Vmu. The fredi root is itiiiiiihnt in-
ternall^. Dom, 9J* of the dried root. Exter-
nally, It IB verv acrid. From the root oi this
Aram a starch is prepared, which is called
% Portland Island Sago, Otrsa sorpmUa'riety C«-
ru^ta *€rpenta'riety Ft^tUa euri maeuia*ti,
» Aami, Thbkb-lbavkd, Anim triphyllum.
AauM Tezphtl'luk, Thre4'Uavodarum,(^,)
Piod-ds V$au tripkyllsy Indian Tumipy Dragon
Booty Dragon Turmp, PfJPPfr Tttmip, This
j^ant grows all over the United States, and is
received into the Pharmaeopoia under the title
Arum. The recent root, or Cormus — Arum,
(Ph. U. S.)— is yery acrimonious, and has heen
emplored in asthma, croup, and hooping-cough.
BoUed in lard, it has been tised in tinea capitis,
and in milk in consumption.
ARUMARI, Caramata.
ARUKDO BAMBOS, Bamboo— a. Brachii
major, Ulna— «. Brachii minor, Radius — a. In-
dica, Sagittarium alexiphalrmaeum — a. Major,
Tibia— a. Minor, Fibula— a. Saccharifera, see
flaoeharum.
ARVA, Ava.
ARTUM, VulTa— «. Naturae, Uterus.
ARY-ARYTENOID^US, Ai^tenoidms--
a^Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus.
ARYT^'N A, cpvrativa, < a ladle.' Hence,
ARYT^ NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS, ArfttB'no-
epiglottida'iUyAry'e^glot^tieus. That which
belongs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy ihsci-
euli, which are attached, at one extremity, to
the arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to
the free edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do
not always exist. They form part of the ary-
tenoid muscle of modern anatomists.
AR' YTENOID, Aryt€Bnoi!dMyArytonaidec'H*y
from m^vraiifay *a ladle,' and »/«c, < shape.
LadleHihi4>ed.
Akttbnoid Cak'tii«aob8, Cartilag^'inot ary-
tonai'desy C. guttura'Usy C. Chuturi^nay C, gut-
turifor'nusy C, triq'uetray Guttur'niay are two
cartilages of the larynx, situate posteriorly
above the cricoid, and which, by approximation,
diminish the aperture of the glottis. Their
upper extremities or cornua are turned towards
each other, and are now and then found loose,
in the form oi appendices, which are considered,
by some, as distinct cartilages, and termed
•unciform or tuberetdated Cartilages or Cor-
me*nla Laayn'gis,
Ajlttxroid Glands, Glan'dulaArytenoidaftSy
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a
mucous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
ARYTENOID^aJS, (F.) Arytenoldisn, A
small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid
cartilage to tlie other, by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes the aperture of
the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into
three portions;— the Ajytenoida^i*s transvsr'-
susy or Arf-arytenoidafusy and two Arytsnoi-
da*i ohli^qui*
ARYTH'M, Arytk'musy from a, privative,
and ^/uec, 'rhythm,' < measure.' Irregular.
This word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
ASA, Asafcetida. See Assa.
ASAFCETID A, .4««a/a'f»V^a, Sttreusdiai/oHy
Cibus Deo^ntm, Asa, Dsvits dungy Pood oftks
Oods. A gum resin — ^the concrete juice of
P&r'ula Assafa'tiday Nai thex Assafa'tida* Or»
doty Umbellifers. It is in small masses of a
whitish, reddirii, i&d violet hue, adheriiig tog;e-
ther. Taste bitter and subacrid: smell insnp-
portably alliaceous. The Asiatics use it refo-
larly as a condiment.
Its medical properties are aatispaemodie, sti-
mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v. to xx,
in pill.
ASAGRiBA OFFICINALIS, see Vefrntriaa.
AS'APES, « crude,' Assfton, A term ap-
plied to the sputa, or to other matters evacu-
ated, which do not give signs of coction.
A SAPH' ATUM, from «, privative, and oo^qr,
' ciear«' This term has been applied to collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the akin,
which may be pressed out like little worms,
with a black head. See Acne.
ASAPHI'A, from a, privative, and o-ajpiKf
< clear.' Dyspho*nia immodula'ta paUu^na^
Parapho'nia gutturt^Us; P. palatCna, DefiM-
tive articulation, dependent upon diseased pa-
late. — Hippocrates, Vogel.
ASARABACCA, Asarum— «. Broad-leaTod,
Asarum Canadense.
ASAR'CON, from «« privative, and voe^,
< flesh.' Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses tJie
term for the head when it is but little flMhy»
compared with the chest and abdomen.
ASARETy AjBarum — a, du Canada^ Aaanim
Canadense.
A S ARI'TES, from wm^ov, < the asarum.' A
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingie-
dient. — ^Dioscorides. ^
AS' ARUM, from «, priviSive, and r«4^ry < to
adorn:' because not admitted into the ancient
coronal wreaths; iU'amm Europm'vmy N^rdus
Montt^nay Nardus Rust^icoy Arn'orum^ (F.)
Asaret ou Cabaroty OrsilU d'hommsy OrMsiUy
Oirard'Roussiny Nard Sauvage. jPom. Aroi-
de». Ssz» Svst. Dodecandria Monogjmia.
The plant, used in medicine, is the At^arwm
Europ€t'wih Asaraka^ooy and of this the Usmrss.
They are emetic, cathartic, and errhine, but
are hardly ever employed, except for the last
purpose.
AsABUX CANAVBif'si, A, CaroUnia'num, Ca-
nada Snakerooty Wild Gingery Colt's I^oot,
Broadleaf Asarabaoooy Indian Ginger^ Semrt
Snakerooty (F.) Asaret 4t» Canada. The root
As'arwny (Phu U. S.) is used as a substitute Ibr
ginger, and is said to act as a warm stimulant
and diaphoretic.
AsAftUK Cabolinianux, a. Canadense.
ASBESTOS SCALL, see Ecsema of the
hairy scalp.
ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. As-
cain is a village, situate about a league from
St. Jean-de-Luz, in France. The water ia a
cold chalybMte.
ASC ARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and
v%aq6afAvrr*ttty *I twinkle the eyes.' One 'who
stares with £jced eyes, and without moving the
eyelids. — Hippocrates.
ASCARICIDA ANTHELMINTICA, Ver-
nonia anthelmintica.
A8CARIDE LXTMBRICOIDEy Ascnris
lumbricoides — a. VeruUeulaire, Ascaria venni-
cularis.
AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from «4aur-
^i^«, *I leap.' A genus of intestinal worms,
clmracterized by a lon^, cylindrical body, ex-
tenuated at the extremities; and having a mouth
furnished with three tubercles, from which a
AfiCELES
87
ASITIA
very short tabe is aometimes seen issuing* For-
merly, there were reckoned two varieties of
the A scans — ^the A/earis lumbrieoi'dwy lAtm-
krCcms, L, Ur*» howiiwisy 3coUx^ As'eana gigas
komlinisy (F.) Lambri9old»i Am^rid* lombri'
9M€y Lombricy L, Tbtm, or long round worm;
and the Jis'eari^ Vermieult^ris — the Ascaris
proper — the thread toorm or maw worm* The
former is alone included under the genus, at
present-** new genus having been formed of
the A» v tr w Un darUy under the name Ozyurii.
It is the Oxfyfris vermicuiafris, (F.) Jisearidey
df . vwrn me niai ref Oteyurs vrwueulmrt,
A new species of entosoa has been found by
Dr. Bellingham, the JUfearU alt^ta*
AscAKis AxjLTA, seo Ascarie— «• Trichuria,
Trichocephahia.
AS'CELES, Jj'is^M, Car^iu eru'rihis, from
a» privative, and na^9 * a leg.' One who has
^ASCELLA, AziUa.
ASC£Na>£NS, from asewdtrg, {ad and
aeamdereyy * to ascend.* (F.y AseendaiU, Parts
are thus called, which are supposed to arise
in a remn lower than that where they termi-
nate. Thus, Aorta asmndeus is the aorta from
its origin to the arch: Vtna ea»a asc&tuUns,
the large Tein which carries the blood from
the inferior parts to the heart: Obliquu* aaetn-
dsiu (amseUy} the lesser oblique muscle of the
abdomen, &e«
ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of in-
erease of a disease.
ASCESIS, Exercise.
ASCHIL, ScUla.
ASCHISTODACTYLUS, Syndae'tylus:
6om at, priTattTO, rxtrrtf ^ cleft;' and ioKTuKo^y
<a finger.' A monster whose fingers are not
separated from one another. — Gurlt.
ASf CI Ay Aadniy <an axe/ Sufor'nosy DoV-
ahroy Fat'eia spira'lU. Name of a bandage men-
tioned by Hippocrates and Galen, and figured
by Seuitetna, in the shape of an axe or hatchet.
— Oalen. See Doloire.
A9CILLA, Axilla.
ASCITES, from onui;, < a bottle :'— ^«i»'rM,
Bfdroce'U PeritoH4g'iy Hydrops Abdom'iniay J3.
Aidtt^fdrogat'tory Hydroea^liay Sydrs*trui»y
AMcii'ttSy Caiioek'yaisy Dropay oftho lowor belly y
Dropsy of the JPeritone'umy (F.) AedUy Hydro'
peritonie, Hydropisie du Bae-ventre, A collec-
tioQ of seroos fluid in the abdomen. Ascites
proper is dropsy of the peritoneum; and is ch»-
racterized by increased size of the abdomen,
by floctoation and the general signs of dropsy.
It is Taiely a primary disease; but it is always
dangeroos, and but little susceptible of cure.
Most generally, it is owing to obstructed circu-
lation in some of the viscera, or to excitement
of the vessels of the abdominal organs. The
tnstment is essentially the same as that of
other dropsies. Paracentesis, when had re-
course to, can only be regarded as a palliative.
Dropsy d the peritoneum may also be sac-
cated or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid
aecnmulates exterior to the peritoneum, Bydre-
pigaa'trieim. When in cysts it is termed Hy-
dreeye'tUy Hydropt abd&mfims eacea^tusy H,
cf$'tieu* and Aed'tee eaeea*tue*
Ascmes Hbpato-Ctsticus, Turgescentia ve-
siads felie»-~a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii--a. Pa-
ndeatos, Pyochexiar-a. Saccatos, see Ascites,
Hydroanon, and Hydrops ovarii.
ASCLiFIADEy Asclepias vineetoxicum.
ASCLETIAS ASTHMAT'IOA, (F.) Ipeea^
euanha blame de I'Be de France. A creeping
plant of the Isle of France, regarded as a spe-
cific in asthnm.
Asclepias Curassav'ica. The leaves are
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It
is the Ipeeeteuanka bUmc of St. Domingo.
AscLBPiAS DxouM'feBNS, the root. Escharo*
tic, cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
AscLBPiAS, Flish-oolouked, A. Incamata.
Asclepias Gioamte'a. The milky juice is
very caustic. It is used in Malabar against
herpes; and mixed with oil, in gout. See
Mudar.
Asclb'pias Incarita'ta, Pleeh-^otoured ae-
elepiae. The root of this plant, which grows
in all parts of the United States, has the same
virtues as the A. Syriaca.
Asclepias pBOC''E&A(?)^«uMo«Mr; Beidel*
ear. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which
are made into a plaster, and applied to indolent
tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and it
used as such.
Asclbpi'as Pbbudosarsa, Hemidesmus Indi-
cus.
Asclepias Striaca, Common Silkweedy Milk
Weedy (F.) Uerbe d la houette. The cortical
part of the root has been given, in powder, in
asthmatic and pulmonic affections in general)
and, it is said, with success.
Ascle'pias Tubero'sa, Butterjiy WeedyPleu*
riay Root, Flux Boot, Wind Root, White Rooty
Orange Sioallow Rooty SilJh Weedy Canada
Rooty Orange Apoe'^ynum, Tuberous Rooted
Swal'low Wort. JYat. Ord» Asclepiade». Se»*
Syst, Pentandria Pigynia. Said to have been
first recommended by the Asclepiades. In Vir-
ginia and the Carolines, the root of this plant has
been long celebrated aS a remedy in pneumonic
affections. It is sudorific, and the powder acts
as a mild purgative. Its chief powers are said
to be expectorant, diaphoretic, and febrifuge.
It is occasionally given to relieve pains of the
stomach from flatulence and indigestion.
Asclepias Yiecstox'icum, Cynan'ehum Vin»
cetox'ienm, Vineetox*ioumy Apo^'ynum Nova
An' glim hirsutuMy &c.. Swallow Wort, White
Swallow Worty (F.) Aeelepiade, Dompte-venin.
The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and
enrnienagogue, but is hardly ever used. It is
called also, Hirundina'ria.
ASCLEPIASMUS, Hsmorrhois.
ASCLITES, Ascites.
ASCO'MA, from ct^wi, <a bottle.' The emi-
nence of the pubes at the period of puberty in
females. — ^Rufus of Ephesus.
ASE, Anxiety.
ASELLI, Onisci aselli.
ASELLUS, Oniscus.
ASE'MA CRISIS, x^tet^ aotifM, from «, pri-
vative, and vmAOy ' a sign.' A crisis occurring
unexpectedly and without the ordinary precur-
sory signs.
ASEPTON, Asapes.
ASH, BITTER, Qoassia^a. Tree, Fraxinus
excelsior— a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia— ^u
Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
Herculis — a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum
fraxineum.
ASIT'I A, from m., privative, and ©iro*, *food.'
Abstinence from food. Want of appetitoi— J'e#-
tidfivm eibe^rum, Apodoi'ais,
AtSJAGAN
ASPIRATIO
ASJA6AN, As'jogam* An Indian tree, the
juice of whoee leaves^ mixed with powdered
cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic.
ASJOOAM, Asjagan.
ASKELES, Asceles.
ASKITES, Ascites.
ASaDES, Asso'detj from Miy, <diagnst,'
< satiety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety
and nausea; Fe'bris a»o'dta vel tuto'deM,
ASPALASO'MUS, from wr.T«xaS» <a mole/
and 0-0/u<t, <body.' A genus of monsters in
which there is imperfect development of the
eyes.— I. 6. St. Hilaire.
ASPALTUM, Asphaltum.
ASPARA6INE, see Asparagus.
ASP AR' AGUS, Aapat'aguB aJidiu^lMy Com^
mo» Asparagusy Sptu^agus, Sp^r^agus, Spar-
rov Grass, Grass. Nat, Ord, Asphodelee.
Ssx. Syst, Hexandria Monogynia. Aspar'agt
offieina'lis Twio'nss, (F.) Aspsrgs. The fresh
roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the imme-
diate crystallizable principle, Asparagine. The
young shoots are a well known and esteemed
vegetable diet. They communicate a peculiar
odour to the urine. A svrup made of the young
shoots and an extract of the roots has been re-
commended as a sedative in heart affections.
ASPA'SIA. a ball of wood soaked in an
infusion of galls, and used by females for con-
stringing the vagina.
ASPEN, AMERICAN, Populus tremuloides
— «. European, Populus tremula.
ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea.
JiSPERGE, Asparagus.
ASPERITAS ARTERIA ASPERJE!, Rau-
oedo.
ASPiRITADESPAUPlkRES.Inchomidi,
ASPERITY, jSsper'itasy roughness. Aspe-
rities are inequalities on the surfiitces of bones,
which often serve for the insertion of fibrous
organs.
ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERMATIS'MUS, Asper'miay Aspsrma'-
Ha, from «, privative, and o^tQ^ui, ^ sperm.'
Reflux of sperm from the urethra into the blad-
der, during the venereal orgasm.
ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERSIO, Catapaama, Fomentation.
ASPER'SION, Asper'sioy from aspsrgersiad
and spargsrsy) (F.) Jlrrosemsnt, Act of sprink-
ling or pouring a Uquid guttatitn over a wound,
ulcer, &c.
ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
Asper'ula Odora'ta, MaJtrisyVva, Hepaifica
sltslle^ta, (F.) Asperule odoranie ou Mugustdes
iois, JSepatique etoiles, Fam» Rubiaceas. Ssx.
Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. Swest-seentsd
Wood-roof. Said to be diuretic, deobstruent,
tonic, and vulnerary.
ASPARVLE obORJiNTE, Asperula odo-
^rata.
ASPHALTI'TES, Nephri'tes, Nsphr^Hs,
Prima Vertebra lumba'riay same etymon as
asphaltum. A name given by some to the last
lumbar vertebra. — Gorrasus.
ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, Jirsattoa, AspaP-
<««!, from «ur9axi(tiv, 'to strengthen.' With
the Greeks, this word signified any kind of bi-
tumen. It. is now restricted chiefly to the Bi-
TU'MBiv or JuDJEA, B. Juda'tcumy J§. sol'tdum,
Jew's Piteky or Karabt of Sodom, (F.) As-
phalts. It is solid, friable, vitreous, black,
shining, inflammable, and of a fetid smell. An
oil is obtained from it by distillation. It enters
into the composition of certfdn ointments and
plasters.
It is collected on the surface of the water of
the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judaea.
ASPHARINE, Galium aparine.
ASPHODELUS RAMOSUS, Asphodelus,
A. Albusy A. Marisy Has'tula Regis, (F.) Lis
aspkodkle. The bulbs of this southern Eoro-
pean plant have an acrimony which they lose
m boUing water. They contain a fecula with
which bread has been made, and have been
considered diuretic. Thev have been used aa a
succedaneum for the squill.
ASPHYX'IA,frQimc,priv.«and<r9v|»c> 'palae,'
Defesftus Pulsi^y Aerotis*wasy Sidera'tioy Sy-
dera'tio. For a long time. Asphyxia was con-
fined to the sense of * suspension of circulaction
or Syncope,' (q. v.) It now generally means
suspended animation, produced by the noneon-
version of the venous blood of the lungs into
arterial blood, Apna*ay (q. v.) Apnmus^tia,
Apnaasphyx'ioy Ankamato'sia, Etf lysis pneu-
mo-eardi'aea. Owing to the supply of air be-
ing cut off, the unchanged venous blood of the
pulmonary artery passes into the minute radi-
cles of the pulmonary veins, but their peculiar
excitability requiring arterial blood to excite
them, stagnation takes place in the palmonary
radicles, and death occurs chiefly from this
cause, — not owine to venous blood being dis-
tributed through the system, and 'poiBoning* it,
as was the idea of Bichat. Cams asphysc'ia.
Mors appcirsns. Mors ptUati'va, Pseuelotkan'-
atos. Apparent death, (F.) Mort apparently is
characterized by suspension of respiration, of
the cerebral functions, &c. Seveiid varieties
of Asphyxia have been designated.
1. AspHYx'xA OP THE New Boen, ^. neoMo-
to'mm. This is often dependent upon tbt
feeble condition of the infant, not permitting
respiration to be established.
2. ASPHYX'lA BT Noxious iNHALA'TIOIf Or
inhalation of gases, some of which cause death
by producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis :
others by the want of oxygen, and others ase
positively deleterious or poisonous.
3. AsPHTx'iA BT Stranoula'tion or Sugo-
ee^tion; produced by mechanical impediment to
respiration, as in strangulation.
4. AsPHTx'iA BT SuBMEE'siozf, A. hy dramm-
ing, A. Imsnerso'rumy as occurs in thedrowned,
who perish in consequence of the mediom in
which they are plunged, being unfit for reepira*
tion. See Submersion.
Mr. Chevalier has used the term Aspkya:ia
Idiopatk'iea, for fatal syncope owing to reiauca-
tion of the heart. See Suffocation.
AspHTxiA Immeesorum, A. by submersion —
a. Local r^ — see Gangrene — a. Neonatoroniy A.
of the new-bom— a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera
— a. Pestilential: — see Cholera.
ASPETXIE DBS PARTIES, Gangrene^
a. Lsnte des nouveau^^es. Induration of the cel-
lular tissue.
ASPHYX'IED, Asphyxiated, same etymon.
In a state of asphyxia.
ASPIC, Aspis; also, Lavendula.
ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani extemns.
ASPIDIUM CORI ACEITM, CalaguaUa radix
—a. Filix femina, Asplenium filix feminai — a.
Filix mas, Polypodlum filix mas.
ASPIRATIO, Insinration.
ASPntATION
ASTHMA
ASPIRA'TION, Adsfirt^tioyA$fir^tUy from
msfirare {ad and tfirart) <to breathe.* The
French sometiines use the tenn tynonymouBly
with inspiratioD. It also means the act of at-
tracting or sucking like a pump. Imbibition,
(q. ▼.) Also, the prononeiatioB of a Towel
with a full breath.
ASPIS, «a^tc. A name given by the an-
cients to a venomous serpent — ^the JSgyptum
viper of hmcfcp^By ( F.) Jlspic^ Its bite is very
dangerous, and it is supposed to have been the
reptile, which Cleopatra used for her destruc-
tion.
ASPLE'NinM, from «, priv.,and ^xi|v,<the
spleen/ Spletnmortf MUiwaste.
Aspi^siuM Cet'erach, VoradHfiOf BU^
nwm, sqmmmQ^sutn, SeUopmfdrioy Atk^ion,
Cet'eraek ofidfu^rvmy (F.) DoradOle, Sup-
posed to be subastringrat and mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectontl. It
has also been given in caleulous cases.
Aspi^'HiTTM Fiux FosI'mhia, FolfjMf^dium
jUix/aminay Aspidium/Uw/mmtnafJUthf/ium
JUix fmminay Female ferny (F.) Foughre fe-
melie. The root of this plant resembles dbat
of the male fern, and is said to possess similar
anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern
is also given to the Fterie aquUinOy (q. v.)
Aspu'ifiUM RuTA Mu&a'ria, A» mura'lly
ParoHfek'iayWaHruSy White Maidenhair, Tent-
werty Adiam/tum alM&my Ruta mura^rioj Sal'via
VUtB, (F.) Rne dss muraillesy Sauvenns, Used
in the same cases as the last.
AspLs'irinM Scolopeh'drium, Seolopendrium
effidm^rum^ Seolopenfdra, SeolopemdriotHart'e
T^mgue, Splsenwoftf PhfUi^tity Lingua eer^
vCna, Bledmum lignifo'lium, (F.) Seolopendrs,
Langwf tU eerf. Properties like the last.
AspLS^HiuK TaiCHOMAifoi'nss, A, Trick/Md-
SAM, CtUliphyPwm, Triehomfanes, Adian'ium
rmhrnmy Cemman Maidenhair^ Polyt'ricum com-
mu'ni, (F.) Falytrie. Properties like the last.
ASPREDO, Trachoma--a. Miliacea, Miliary
fever.
ASPRBLEy Hippnris vulgaris.
ASSA DOUXy Benjamin— a. Duleis, Benja-
min—a. Odorata, Benjamin.
AS8ABA. A Guinea shrub whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
ASSAFOETIDA, Asafoetida.
ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, sto-
machic, and purgative medicines in the form of
pill. — Avicenna.
ASSAISONNEMENTy Condiment*
ASSAKUR, Saccbarum.
ASSALA, see Myristica moschata.
AS8ARTHROSIS, Articulation.
ASSA'TIO, Opt^Mts. The boiling of food
or medicines in their own juice, without the
addition of any liquid. Various kinds of cook-
ing by beat.'-Galen.
ASSELLA, Axilla.
AS'SERAC, Aetie . A preparation of opium
or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an
excitant*
ASSERCTJLUM, Splint.
ASSBRVATIONy Conservation.
AS'SIDENS, from ad, <to,' and eedtrey «to
W seated.' That which accompanies or is con-
omitant. An epithet applied to the accessory
tymptoms, AesuUnfHa tignoy and general phe*
Qomena of disease.
ASSIDENTIA SI6NA, see Assidens.
7
ASSIMILATION, AseimOa'tioy Simila'tioy
Approprie^tioy Eesomou/sis, Homou/sis, Threp~
sisy l%rejfHei! from aeeimilarey {ad and eimi'
larey) <to render similar.' The act by which
living bodies appropriate and transform into
their own substance, matters with which they
may be placed in contact. In man, assimila-
tion is a function of nutrition.
ASSIS,Asserac.-
AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'stus Lapie. A sort of
stone or earth found near the town of Assa in
the Tfoad, which had the property of destroying
proud flesh.
ASSODES, Asodes.
AJSSOUFISSEMENTy Somnolency.
ASSOURON, see Myrtus Pimenta.
ASSUETUDO, HaHt.
ASSULA, Splint.
ASSULTUS, Attack.
ASSUMPTIO, Prehension.
ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMEN^
TA, Cancrorum chelae.
ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab.
ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus.
ASTARZOF. An ointment, composed of
litharge, frog's spawn, &c. Ako, camphor dis-
solved in rose water. — Paracelsus.
ASTASIA, Dysphoria.
ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium— a. Ingui-
nalis, Eryngiom campestie.
ASTE^RIA GEMMA, Atte'riu»y Astroi'tesy
Ae'trtesy Aetroi'olue. The ancients attributed
imaginary virtues to this stone,-^that of dis-
persing NtBvi Matemiy for example.
ASTHENES, Infirm.
ASTHENI'A, Vis immiwuftay from a, priv.,
and 0>^f fvc, 'force,' * strength.' Want of strength,
debility, (q.v.) {Y.)Affaibli9eemetU. Infirmity,
(q. V.) A word used in this sense by Galen,
and emp]o;]red, especially by Brown, to de-
signate debility of the whole economy, or di-
minution of the vital forces. He distinguished
it into direct and indirect: the former proceed-
ing from diminution of stimuli; the latter from
exhaustion of incitability by the abuse of stimuli.
AsTHBifiA Dbolutitionis, Pharyugoplegta^-
a. Pectoralis, Angina pectoris.
ASTHENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHENOPIA, DebUitae vieiisy (F.) Af-
faihlisaement de la Vue, from «, priv., ir%vM9y
< strength,' and «v/, <the eye.' Weakness of
sight; Weai-sightednese.
ASTHENOP YRA , Fever, adynamic,Typhus.
ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHMA, from ai^^a, < laborious breath-
ing ;' from aay ^ 1 respire.' A» spattticum adulr
t</ntmy A* SetUi/rumy A. Confmlet^tmrny A.
spae^ticum intermit* tens, Dyspna'a et orthop*
nala eonvidsifvay Malum Cadi^eum pulmt/"
nvmy Broken-vrindedness, Nervous asthma, (F. )
Asthms, A, nerveux. Difficulty of breathing,
recurring at intervals, accompanied with a
wheezing sound and sense of constriction in the
chest ; cough and expectoration.
Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable
with facility. Excitant and narcotic antispas-
modics are required.
There are no pathognomonic physical signs
of asthma. In some cases, the respiration is
universally puerile during the attack. In the
spasmodic form, the respiratory murmur is very
feeble or absent during the fit ; and in all forms
▲STHMi.
ASTRnrOSNTS
percnMion elidto a clear puUnoiiuy waiid.
Tlie disease generally consists in some source
of irritation, and occasionally, perhaps, in pa*
xalysis oi the pneumogaBtric nerves ; more fire-
qoently of the former-*all the phenomena indi-
cating constriction of the smaller bronchkd ra-
mifications. The treatment is one that relieves
spasmodic action — narcotics, connter-irritants,
change of air, &c.
AsTHJCA Acu^TUK, of Miliar, w9. spas'tUum
infan'tuw^ Cfnan'ckt traeksalis spa§wmdfiea,
(F.yjisthnumgu* Probably spasmodic crovip.(7)
See Asthma Thymicum.
Asthma Ab&ium, Pneumothorax— a. Aerimn
ab Emphyseooate Pulmonum, Emidiysema of
the Lungs — a. Arthriticum, Angina pectoris.
AsTBHAfCAR'jojLC. DyspuoBa dependent vpoQ
disease of the heart.
Asthma Cohtttlsivum, Angina pectcms— «.
Diftphragmaticum, Angina pectoris— a. Dolori-
ficum, Angina pectoris— a. Emphysematicnm,
Pneumothorax.
Asthma, 6ai]iDSB8% Grind0rs* Rot, The
aggregate of iunctional phenomena, induced by
the iimalatkm of particles thrown oJET during the
operation of giinding metallic instruments, &c.
The structural changes induced are enlargement
of the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmo-
nary tissue, and phthisis.
Asthma Gypskujc, A. pttlreralentum—- a.
Hay, Fever, hay.
Asthma Hu'midum, Bumid,Comman,9ir Spit'
ting aatkmutj is when the disease is accompanied
witii expectoration. It is also called J§» hwmo-
ri/iBf A. Jiatulsn'tumy .4. pruumon'ieumy Blen-
notho'rax ekronficiu^ &c.
Asthma Ihfamtum, Cynanche trarhealis a.
Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum — a.
Koppian, A. Thymicum— a. Laryngeum In&n-
tum, A. Thymicum— a. Montanum, A. pulve-
rulentum^-a* Nocturnum, Incubus.
Asthma Pulvsrulsn'tum, A. gfj/seum, A.
monta'num. The variety of asthma to which
millers, bakers, grinders and others are subject.
Asthma Siccum, so called when the parox-
ysm is sudden, violent, and of short duration ;
cough slight, and expectoration scanty; spas-
modic constriction.
Asthma Spastico-Akthriticttm Incokstans,
Angina pectoris — a. Spasticnm Infantum, A.
Thymicum.
Asthma Tht'mioum, A. T. Kof/pii,A, spa/'
tieum infan'tumy A, infaninm spasmod'ieum,
nymasth'ma, Cynan^ekt trachea' lis spasmod'-
ica, SpasfMts glot'tidis^ Asthma laryngtlufa in-
/oHftumyA.intermit'tsns in/an' turn, A.Dsntisnf-
Humy A, period^ieum acu'tumy Koppian Asthma,
Thumic Asthma, Ztarfngis'mus stridSdusy Ap-
nma infanUwmy Spasm of ths lairynxy Spasm
ofths glottis, Croup4Hs inspiration of infants,
Child-erowing,Spasmodic oroup,Pssudo'eroup,
Spufriaus eroup, Cst'shral eroup. Suffocating
nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngits stridulsusc,
Faux Croup, Pscudo'^roup nsrvcux, Spasms
de la Glotte st du Thorax. A disease of in-
fants, characterized by suspension of respiration
at intervals ; great difficulty of breathing, espe-
cially on waking, swallowing, or crying, end-
ing often in a fit of suiibcation, wiih convul-
sions. The pathology of the disease has been
supposed to consist in an enlargement of the
thymus gland,(r> or of the glands of the neck
pressing on the pneumogastric nerves. The
ear, on anscultation, at a ^stance (torn the
chest, detects an incomplete, acute, hissing in*
spiration, or rather cry; whilst the expiration
and voice are croupal, both at the accession and
termination of the paroxysm. The heart's ac-
tion has been observed to be distinct and feeble.
These symptoms are often accompanied by
rigidity of the fingers and toes ; the thumb be-
ing frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of
the clenched hand, whence the nanae Carps-
pedal spasm, (q. v.) applied, at timea, to the
Asthma Utxex, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelii
ASTHMATIC, Asthsnat'icuSyPnoocolpt'icmi,
One aiiected with asthma. Relating to asthma.
ASTHME AXaU, Asthnm acutum— «. Ner^
vsux. Asthma.
AS'TOMUS, from a, privative, and rr*^,
< a mouth.' One withoql a mouth. Pliny speab
of a people in India without mootha, who lire
anhslatu st odors t
ASTRAGALS COL 2>', Collum astragali.
ASTRAGALUS, Talus, the Aniis, Qua-
trie, Quar*tio, Quater'nio, Viab'ehos, Peza,
Cavic'ula, CavU'la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, 0*
Ballist'm, from off^payxhstf 'a die,* which it
has been considered to resemble.(7) A short
bone situate at the superior and middle part
of the tarsus, where it is articulated with
the tibia. It is the anJtle bane, sHng bom, or
first bone of the foot. The anterior surface is
convex, and has a well-marked prominence,
supported by a kind of neck, and hence has
been called the head of the Astragalus. The
astragalus is developed by two points of ossifi-
cation.
Astbag'alus EsycAPus, Stemless Milk-
vetch, (F.) Astragals d gousses vslus. Nat.
Ord. Leguminoee.- Sex. Sfst. Diadelphia De-
candria. The root is said to have cured coor
firmed syphilis.
AsTRAOALVS Tbaoacahtbus, soo Trags- '
canth. I
Astra6'ai.U8 Vhrus, Spina hirei, Astrag'-
alus aeulea'tus, Goat's thorn, MilJk^etck. The
plant which affords Gum Tyag'ae€mth. See j
Tragacaatha. <
ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria. I
ASaHAPE, Corusca'tio, Fulgur, FulvtM, i
Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re- '
mote causes of epilepsy. |
ASTRICTION, Astri«ftio,Stfpsis,Adatri^- ,
tio, Constric'tio, from astringsrs, {ad and strin- I
gsrs,) < to constringe.' Action of an astringent
substance .on the animal economy.
ASTRICTORIA, Astringents. |
ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni- i
folia. I
ASTRINGENTS, Astnngef^tia, Adstricto- j
ria, Adstringcn*tia, Stryphna, CatastaPtieoj i
Constringen*tia, Contrahsn'tia, Stegno'tiea^ \
Synoritfica, Astricte^ria. Same etymon. Me I
dicines which have the property of constring-
ing the organic textures. External astringenti {
are called Styptics. I
The following are the chief astringents : Aei- I
dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannicnm, Alumen, Ar- |
genti Nitras, Catechu, Cupri Sulphas, Tinct.
Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri Nitratis, Ferri \
Sulphas, Galls, Hasmatoxylon, Kino, Krameria, ,
Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus Alba, I
Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas, Creasoton. |
AfiTTRION
n
ATHLETA
AST]aON,AstnsAhu.
ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma.
AS'TROBLES, from amtv, U star,' and
/kxxMy * 1 strike.' One struck by the stars (m-
dgraftu*,^ One who is in a state of sideration
-4n an apoplectic state. — Gomens.
ASTBOBOLIS'MnS, Beli'atit^ BaWwU:
same etymokigy. Sidertftum or action of the
stars on a pers(». Apoplexy* — ^Theophrastosy
Gornens*
ASTROBOLOSy Asteria gemma.
ASTROITISy Asteria gemma.
ASTROL'OGT, Astrohgf'ia, from «rreov, * a
star/ and xayw^ *a discourse.' The art of di-
vining by inspecting the start. This was for-
merly considered to be a part of medicine; and
was called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish
it from astronomy.
ASTRON'OMY, jij<ro)Mi»'M, from «0T{«v/ a
star/ and to^c^. ^a law/ 'rule.' A science
which makes known the heavenly phenomena,
sttd the laws that govern them. Hippocrates
places this and astrology amongst the necessary
itudies of a physician.
ASTTPHlA, Impotence.
ASTTSIA, InQKytence.
ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica.
ASULCI, Lams lazuli.
ASTNODIA, Impotence.
ATACTOS, Erratic.
ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, AtatraOopdi/nay
from «, privative, ra{«xrec, < troubled,' and
warn, <to make.' Intrepidity, firmness; a qua-
lity of which, according to Hijppocrates, the
physician ought to be p os se ss e d m the highest
degree.
ATARAXIA, from «, privative, and ra^^tf,
'trouble/* emotion.' Mml tranquillity, peace
ofmind.
AT'AYISM; fitnn Aiavus^ <an old .grand-
sire or ancestor, indefinitely.' The case in
which ap anomaly or disease, existing in a fa-
mily, is lost in one generation and reappears in
the following.
ATAXIA, from a, privative, and ra|ff, 'or-
der.' Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates em-
ploys the word in its most extensive accepta-
tion. Galen applies it, especially, to irregu-
larity of pulse ; and Sydenham speaks of Ataseia
Spirituwm for disorder of the nervous system.
Atazii, now, usually means the state of disor-
der that ^nracterizes nervous fevers, and the
uervous condition.
Ataxia SpiammM, Nervous diathesis. See
Ataxia.
ATAXIC, AiKi/itfM; same etymon. Having
the characters of atstxia.
ATCHA R, Aekioy Aehar. A condiment used
in India, it is formed of green fruits of various
)M^, gsrlie, ginger, mustard, and pimento,
piekled in vinegar.
ATECNIA, Sterilitas.
ATELECTASIS; from onlvc, 'imperfect,
defective,' and iKToric, ' dilatation.' Imperfect
eitpsasion or dilatation ; as in
Atxlbci'tasis PuLHo'iftm, Pneumonatelet^ta-
«u. Imperfect expansion of the hxngs at birth ,
fnin«rfx«c, 'imperfect,' and ixTdto'ic, 'dilatar
' tioa.' Giving rise to Cftme^ns pulmofu^iis,
AT£L£S,«T«2i9(, 'imperfect,' defective.'—
Hence,
ATELOCHEl'Ll A, from tfrU^f, * imperfect,'
and jru2«c> * lip.' A malformation which con*
sists in an imperfect development of the lip.
AT£LO£NCEPHALaA, from «T«xi7r, 'im-
perfect/ and •xir*f«lM', ' the encephalon.' State
of imperfect development of the brain. — Andral.
ATELOGLOS'Sl A, from «t«1w, ' imperfect,'
and Ylmoiuiy ' tongue.' A malformation which
consists in an imperfect development of the
tongue.
ATELOGNA'THIA, from ATflijc, 'imper-
fect,' and yi^of, ' the jaw.' A malfornuition
which consists in an imperfect development of
the law.
ATEL0MYEL1A, from ^$lnt, ' imperfect,'
and funXof, ' manrow.' State of imperfect de-
velopment of the spinal marrow. — B^clard.
ATELOPROSaPIA, from «T«Aq(, 'imper-
fect,' and n^rmjftf 'Uie face.' A malforma^
tion which consists in imperfect development
of the&ce.
ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis.
ATELOSTOM'IA, from tt^kn, ' imperfect,'
and oro/Mt, ' mouth.' One whose mouth is im-
perfectly developed.
ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis.
ATHAMAN'TA, from Athanas, a place in
Thessaly. A genus of plants.
Athaman'ta AvRMoaufiiVM, Oreossi^nrnm^
Seli'nvm oreogeii^num, Block Mountain Fairc*
^*9j (E.) I*cr9il dc Montagnc. The plant, seed
and roots are aromatic. It has been considered
attenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithon-
triptic. The distilled oil has been used in tooth-
ache.
Athakan'ta CxBTsn'sis sen Cas^ ica, Dom-
eu* Creiieuc; D. Candia*nu$, Myrrkis an'nua^
Candy Carrot, The seeds <tf this {Jant are
acrid and aromatic. They have been used as
carminatives and diuretics.
ATHANASIA, Taaacetum.
Athaica'sxa, from a, privative, and #ttva«r9«,
' death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver,
jaundice, gravel, &e. It consisted of saffrcm,
cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-
ratus, honey, &c., and was esteemed to be su-
dorific.
ATHARA, Athenu
ATHELAS'MTTS, from «, privative, and
dijln, ' a breast or nipple.' Impracticabilit^jr of
giving suck ; from want of nipple or otherwise.
ATHELXIS, Sucking.
ATHFNA. Name of a plaster, recom-
mended by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide
of copper, sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac,
verdigris, gall nuts, and a variety of resinous
and other ingredients.—Oribasius, Aetius, and
P. ^gineta.
ATHENiamS CATAPOTIUM. A pill,
composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium ;
used to allay cougMng.— Celsus.
ATHE'RA, Atha'ra, from adq^, 'an ear of
com.' A (ind of pap for children : also, a kind
of liniment. — ^Dioscorides, Pliny.
ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
ATHERO'MA, from a^ij^a, ' pap or pulp.'
Emphy'ma eneyt*tis athcro'fna^ MoUua'eumy
(q. V.) Pulta'tio, A tumour formed by a cyst
containing matter like pap or Bouilli:
ATHEROMATOUS, Jlikcromato'dcs,
Having the nature of Atheroma.
ATHLETA, from a^Xog, 'combat.' Athletas
were men who exercised themselves in combat
at the public festivals*— Vitruvins.
ATHLETIC
ATRIFLEX FCBTIDA
ATHLETIC, MiUfieua; concerning JIth-
Uta. Strong in muBcnlar powers. — Foesins.
ATHORACOCEPHALUS, Acej^oguter.
ATHBIX, At'ricktu; from <, privrntive, and
^9 rptxK, <hair.' Bald. One who has lost
his hair.
Athrix Dspxlib, Alopecia*
ATHTM'IA, An*imi defee'tus et atuei'ttas,
An'imi demis'sio, Tristit^ioy Mmror^ Lypi^ftom
«, priy., and ivfi9ty < heart,' <coarage.^ Des-
pondency. The prostration of spirits often ob-
servable in the sick.-^Hippoerates. Melan-
choly.— Swediaur. See Panoi^obia.
Athtkia Plbonbctica, see Pleonectica.
ATHYRION, Aspleninm ceterach.
ATHYRIUM FILIX FOEMINA, Aspleninm
fUix fceminar-a. Filiz mas', Polypodium filiz
ATLANTION, Atlas.
ATLAS, Atlan'tiouy from arlao, < I sustain.'
The Jirst cervical ver'tcbra; so called, from its
supporting the whole weight of the head, as
Atlas is said to have supported the globe on his
shoulders. Chaussier calls it Atloid. This
vertebra in no respect resembles the others. It
is a kind of irregular ring, into which, ante-
riorly, the processus dtUatus of the second vJer-
tebra is received. Posteriorly, it gives passage
to the medulla spinalis.
ATLOID'O-AXOID, (F.) Ailoldo-axoidim,
Relating to both the AtUs and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dentata.
ATtoi]>o-AZon> Articulation. The articu-
lation between the first two cervical vertebrae.
' Atloido-axoid Lio'amsnts. These are two
in number; one anterior and vooihiet /posterior y
passing between the two vertebrae.
ATLOID'O-OCCIPITAL. Relating to the
atlas and occiput. The Atloido-oceip'ital Ar-
Ueula'tion is formed by the condyles of the oc-
cipital bone and the superior articular surfaces
of tiie Atlas. The Atloido'oceipital muscle is
the Rectus capitis posticus minor.
ATLOi'DO'SOTTS-MASTOi'DIENy Obli-
quus superior oculi — a. Sous'oecipitale, Rectus
capitis Uteralis.
ATMIATRI'A, AtmidiiWricty from atftof,
< vapour,' and lor^tio, < treatment.' Treatment
of diseases by fumigation.
ATMIDIATRICE, Aimiatria.
ATMISTERION, Vaporarium. ' ,
ATMOS, Breath.
AT^MOSPHERE, Atmospha*ra, from arnofy
'vapour,' and aipat^a, *% sphere:' — as it were.
Sphere of vapours . The atmosphere is a sphe-
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every
part ; the height of which is estimated at 15 or
16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily sensi-
ble effects on organized bodies. The surface
of the human body being reckoned at 15 square
feet, it is computed that a pressure of 33,000
pounds or more exists under ordinarjr circum-
stances ; and this pressure cannot be increased
or diminished materially, without modifying
the circulation and all the functions.
ATMOSPHERIZATION, Hasmatosis.
ATOCIA, Sterilitas.
ATOL'MIA, from «, priv., and toA^o, * con-
fidence.' Want of confidence; discouragement.
A state of mind, unfiivourable to health, and in-
jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu-
tot' '
ATONIA, Atony— a. Yentriculi, Gasteras-
thenia.
AT'ONT, Aton'ia, Infir'mUat et Rewus'tio
vi^riunif Languor 9 Lax'itas, from «, priv., and
TM'Of, <tone,* * force.' Want of tone. Weak-
ness of every or^, and particularly of those
that are contractile.' Violent gastritis has bean
described by Scribonius Largus under a similar
Lme, cTtvov, Afonon,
ATKABIVI ABY.AtroHl'ious^Atra^lia'ris^
Atralfilio'susy fromater, *black,' and Hlis, * bile.'
An epithet given by the ancients to the melan-
cholic and hypochondriac, because they believed
the Atrabilis to predominate in such.
Atrabiliary CAPSULVSjARTRRiKsand Ysnrs.
The renal capsules, arteries and veins ; the for-
mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to
them.
ATRABIlilS, same etymon. Aier smeetuj
BlaeJh Bile or melancholy. According to the
ancients, a thick, black, acrid humour, secreted,
in the opinion of some, by the pancreas ; in that
of others, by the supra-renal capsules. Hippo-
crates, Galen, Aetius, and others ascribe great
influence to the Atrabilis in the production of
hypochondriasis, melancholy, and mania. Tfaiere
is really no such humour. It was an inrnginary
creation. — Aretsus, Rufiis of Ephesus, &c.
ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv.,
tfaz^lofy < neck,' and irt^oai}, 'head.' A nMm-
ster whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who
is very short-necked. — Galen.
ATRACTYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Car'dwm
pi'neus, Leini, Ovmmy^rooted Atraetylisy JVim
Thistle. The root, when wounded, yields a
milky, viscid juice, which concretes into tena-
cious masses, and is said to be chewed with the
same views as mastich.
ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba.
ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'Hum, IfU^ Col-
can'thouy (F.) Enere, It has been advised as
an astringent, and as an external application in
herpetic affections.
Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas.
ATRAPHAXIS, Atriplex.
ATRESIA, Adherence, Imperforation.
Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta, Anus Imperfora*tm9^
Imperfora'tio ani, (F.) Imperforation de Panus.
Congenital imperforation of the intestinal canaL
ATRETISMUS, Imperforation.
ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from «r^«Tor, < im-
perforate,' and itcq)«x«, 'head.' A monster, in
which some of the natural apertures of the
head are wanting.— Gurlt.
ATRETOCOR'MUS, from «Tfi|TK, < imper-
forate,' and x0{Moc, 'trunk.' A monster in
which the natural apertures of the trunk are
wanting. — Gurlt.
ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and r^aoi, ' 1 per-
forate.' Imper/ort^tus, Imper'forate. One whose
anus, (aproiftusy) or parts of generation are im-
perforate.
AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear
occasionally around the anus. Some conuneiw
tators consider the word to be synonymous
with condylomata. — Forestus.
ATRICHIA, Alopecia.
ATRICHUS, Athrix.
AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of
the anus, not penetrating the rectum.
ATRIPLEX FCETIDA, Chenc^podium vul-
varia.
ATBIUM COBDIS DEXTER
93
AUBB^naNE
Ar'UYLBX Hoktbn'sb, j9. Sati'va, (F.) JSr-
redU, Bonn0 Dams. The herb and seed of this
plsnt have been exhibited as antiscorbutics.
AfripUm eU'imtu, A. Port^laee^'deM^ and A.
Pat'^aloj are used as pickles, and have similar
properties.
At^ipi.kz Odokata, Chenopodium botrys—
a. Olida, Chenopodium vnlvaria.
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinns dexter
eordis-^a. Cordis sinistmnk Sinus pulmonali^-~-
a. Yaginsy Vestibulum. ^
AT'ROPA, from At^mto^, < immuUble,' <the
l^oddess of destiny f so called from its fatal
effects.
Ateopa BsxXAPOif'iiAy BeUadon'na^ J>9adlf
Tfig^skad€, Sola'ntim Utha'lE, Sola'num mani'-
aeumj S, Purio'tun^y Sola'num meltmocw^asusy
(F.) BeOadws, MortlU furieus$y Belle Dame.
Nat. Ord. Soianee. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo-
nogynia. The leaver— Belladonna (Ph. U. S.)
are powerfully narcotic, and also diaphoretic,
and diuretic. Thej are occasionally used where
narcotics are indicated. Sprinkling the pow-
dered leaves over cancerous sores has been
ibond to allay the pain ; and the leaves form a
good poultice. Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j. of the pow-
dered leaves.
Atbopa Mahskao'ora, Mandre^oray Qit'
eolay AnthTOfomorphk'usy Malum terree^trB,
Mamdraie. The boiled root has been used in
the form of poultice in indolent swellings.
ATROPHIA, Tabes— a. Ablactatomm,
Brash, weaning— -a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of
the— a. Glandidaris, Tabes mesenterica^-a. In-
iantnm. Tabes mesenterica— a. Intestinorum,
Enteratrophia.
Atkophia Lactah'ttom, Tabes nutri^etimBea
Ue'tea. The atrophy of nursing women.
Atrophi a Ma sxicTEaiCA, Tabes mesenterica.
ATROPHTEy Atrophy— 0. MimUiriquey
Tabes mesenterica.
AT'ROPHIED, see Atrophy.
ATROPHY, Mara^mua Atro'pkia, Atrt/-
pkioy Maraa'muSy Ma'desy Contabeeeen'tiay
TaUsy Marti/ re9y Analo'aiey from a, privative,
andrf94r% * nourishment.' (F.) Atrophiey Dee-
tiektwunt. Progressive and morbid diminu-
tion in the bulk of the whole body or of a part.
Atrophy is generally symptomatic. Any tissue
or organ thus affected is said to be atrophied.
AnoTBT or ths Heart, see Heart, atrophy
of the.
AT'ROPINE, Atropinay Airo'pia, Airo'^i-
umy Atropi'nvmy (F.) Atropine. The active
OTinciple of Atropa Belladonnay separated by
Biandes, by a process similar to that for pro-
curing mor^da.
ATTACBEy Insertion.
ATTACK, InsuTitMy AssuVtusy IrrejfHoy
hwa'Hoy EiyiolBy Lepsisy (F.) Attague. A
sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease.
A seizure.
ATTA6AS, Attagen.
ATTAQVify Ai'tagasyihe FroM'colin. Ce-
lebrated with the ancients both as food and
medicine. — ^Martial, Aristophanes.
ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A mineral water in France at Attancourt,
in ChanuMgne ; about 3 leagues north of Join-
▼iile. The water is a chalybeate, and contains
salphate of lime. In large doses it ii purgative.
ATTAQUEy Attack—^, dee Nerfs, Nervous
attack. .
JSTTELLEy Splint.
ATTENOTING, MINERAL WATERS
OF, in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic
acid, carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of
lime and macnesia, chloride of sodium, iron,
and alum. It is much used in skin diseases,
fistula, old ulcers, calculi, and hemorrhoids.
ATTENITANTS, Attenuan'Hoy LeptunfHeay
(F.) Leptontiguesy from tentds, ^thin.' Medi-
cines which augment the fluidity of the hu-
mours.
ATTIRANTy Attrahent.
AT'TITUDE, Sttut Cor^pons. Low Latin,
apUtudo; from Latin aptarey < to fit.' Situation,
position of the body. The attitudes are the
different postures which man is capable of as-
suming; In General Pathology y the attitude
will often enable the physician to pronounce at
once upon the character of a disease, or it will
aid him materially in his judgment. In St.
Vitus's dance, in fractures, luxations, &c., it is
the great index. It will also indicate the de-
gree of nervous or cerebral power; hence the
sinking down in bed is an evidence of great ce-
rebral debility in fever. The position of a pa-
tient during an operation is also an interesting
subject of attention to the surgeon.
ATTOL'LENS AUREM, Attotl^m jf«r»V-
«e/is, hevdtor Aurisy Supe'rior Avrisy Attol'lens
Aurie'ulamy Aurieula'rie supe^rioTy (F.) Avri*
etdaire supirieuTy TemporoniurieuUure. A mus-
cle of the ear, which arises, thin, broad, and
tendinous, from the tendon of the occipito-fron-
talis, aad u inserted into the upper part of the
ear, opposite to the anti-helix . It raises the ear.
Attollrns Oouli, Rectus superior oculi — a.
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
ATTOTJCBEMENT; Masturbation.
ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Co-
hesion> force of.
• ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet.
ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent.
ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent.
ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior
auris.
AT'TRAHENT, At'trakmsy Attractt^vusy
Attraeto'riusy from ad, <to,' and traho, <I
draw.' (F.) AitraeHfy Attirant. Remedies are
so called, which attract fluids to the parts to
which they are applied, as blisters, rubefa-
cients, &c.
ATTRAPE'LOlTRDATTTy (F.) A bistoury
invented by a French surgeon, called Bien-
naise, and used in the operation for hernia. See
Bistouri cach^.
ATTRITA, Chafing.
ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing.
ATTRI"TION, Attn^tioy Eethlim'moy from
ady and tererey < to bruise.' Friction or bruising.
CluLfing. — ^Galen. Also, a kind of cardialgia. —
Sennertus. Likewise, a violent contusion.
ATTRITUS, Chafing.
ATYPIC, Atyp'ietuy At'yposy from «, pri-
vative, and Tvrer, ' type.' Tnat which has no
type. Irregular. Chiefly applied to an irregu-
lar intermittent, — Pehrie atypica.
ATYPOS, Erratic.
AIT ANSIS, Drying.
ATTAN'Tfi, Anap'Hy from ovavrtc, < desicca-
tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a dis-
ease, the principal symptom of which was
emaciation. Atrophy.
AXIBE-VIGNEy Clematis vitalba.
Ausipms
94
AURI CHLOBETUM
ATTB&PINE^ Mespilos ozyacantba.
AVBERGINBy Solanum Melongeoa.
ATTBIFOINy Cjranus segetum.
AUCHEN, CoUum.
AUCHENORRHEUMA, Torticollis.
AUCHE'TICUS, from wx^y 'the n«ck.»
One affected with stiff neck or torticollis.
AUDE, Voice.
AUDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Andinac is sitnate in the department of Ar-
riige, France. The water contains a small
quantity of sulphohydric acid, carhonic acid,
sulphates of lime and magnesia, carbonates of
lime and iron, and a bituminous substance.
Temp. 67^ Fahr. It is much used in chronic
rheumatism, herpes, scrofulous diseases, &c.
AUDIT"ION, from aud%r9y < to hear ;' Aefoi^
Auditf'iOfAndi'tusy A'coB, Acro'ama, Aero'ans,
Acoe'sisf Aeu^sis. Shearing. The act of hear-
ing. The sensation arising frpm an impression
made on the auditory nerves by the yibrations
of the air, produced by a sonorous body. The
physiology of Audition is obscure. It probably
takes place : — 1. By the vibrations being com-
municated from the membrana tympani along
the chain of small bones to the membrane of the
foramen ovale. 2. By means of the air in the
cavity of the tympanum, the membrane of the
foramen rotundum is agitated. 3. The trans-
mission may be noade by means of die bony pa-
rietes. In these three ways the vibrations pro-
duced by a sonorous body may reach the audi-
tory nerve. Audition may be active or pastive:
hence the difference between listening and sim-
ply hearing,
A U'DITORT, Audited Hilt ^ Auditt^vusyAeus'-
tieua. That which relates to audition.
AuDiTOKT Arteries ANi> Veins, are vessels
which enter the auditory canals, and are, like
them, distinguished into internal and external.
The external auditory artery f A, Tympaniqiie —
(Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of
the external carotid : iheinterrtal is a branch of
the basilary artery, which accompanies the au-
ditory nerve, and is distributed to it. The Au-
ditory Veins empty into the internal and ejrter-
nal jugulars.
AuDiTORT Canal, External, Mea'tue audi-
tt/riue exte/nusyAlvec^riutnf Seaphay Seajphus^
(F.) Conduit auditif extmrnoy Conduit aurieu-
lairey commences at the bottom of the concha,
at the Forc^men auditi^vum exter'numy passes
inwards, forwards, and a little downwar(u, and
terminates at the membrana tympani. It is
partly cartilaginous, partly osseous, and partly
fibrous.
Auditory Canal, Internal, Med tut audito'-
lius inter^nu8yPorus seu Sinus aeus'tieusyCyar,
(F.) Conduit auditif interne, C. labyrinthique,
is situate in the posterior surface of the pars pe-
trosa of the temporal bone. From the Pora*men
auditi'vum inter'num, where it commences, it
passes forwards and outwards, and terminates
by a \tmAot eni-de'-saey ma^/ula erihro*say perfo-
rated by 'many holes, one of which is the orifice
of the Aquaeductus Fallopii ; and the others com-
municate with the labyrinth.
Auditory Nerve, Nerflabyrinthique — (Ch.)
is the Portio Mollis of the seventh pair. It
arises from the corpus restiforme, from the floor
of the fourth ventricle, and by means of white
stris, from the sides of the calamus scriptorius.
As it leaves the encephalon^ it forms a flattened
cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve throat
the foramen auditivum internum, and as fio* as
the bottom of the meatus, where it sepaiatea
from the facial and divides into two brancbea,
one going to the cochlea; the other to the rea-
tibule and semi-circular canab.
AUGE, Al'veus, Some of the older anato-
mists gave this name to a reservoir, into which
liquids flow in an interrupted manner, so that it
is alternately ^11 and empty. Such are the
ventricles and auricles of the heart.
AUGMENTATION, from augerey <to in-
crease;' Augmen*tumyTneremen*tumyAnayas^^
Aue'tioy AuxisyProgres'sioy Progres'susy AuaDSf-
sis. The stage of a disease in which the symp-
toms go on increasing.
AULISCITS, Canula. See Fistula.
AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and
Foramen.
AUMALE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Aumale is a town of Upper Normandy, in the
country of Caux. Several springs of fernigi-
nous mineral waters are found there, whose
odour ispenetrating, and taste rough and astrin-
gent. They are tonic, and employed in debility
of the Yiscera, fcc.
AUNE NOIRy Rhamnus frangula.
ATIN&Ey Inula heleninm— «. Dysont€riqu€,
Inula dysenterica.
AURA, Pnoh A vapour or emanation from
any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere.
Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as
a gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
vitalis.
In Pathology y Aura means the sensatioKi of
a light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears
to set out from the trunk or limbs; and to rise
towards the head. This feeling has beenfoond
to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and
hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tieoy and
A. kyster^iea.
Aura San'qtttnis. The odour exhaled by
blood newly dravm. See Qaz Sanguinis.
Aura Sem'inis or A. semincflisy Spiw^iius
genite^lis; — A volatile principle fiuicied to
exist in tike sperm, and redded by some as ^e
fecundating agent Such is not the case.
Aura Vitalis, Vital principle.
AURANCUM, see Ovum.
AURANITE, see Agaric.
AURAN'TIA CURASSAVENTIA, Cttras-
so'a apples or oranges. Immature oranaes,
checked, bv accident, in their growth. They
are a grateml, aromatic bitter, devoid of acidity.
Infused in wine or brandy thev make a good
stomachic. They are also used for issue peas,
Aurantia Curassavica, see Citrus amran-
tium — a. Poma, see Citrus aurantium.
Aurantii Cortex, see Citrus aurantium.
AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium.
AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax qnin.
quefolium.
AUREOLA, Areola.
AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO
NATRII, see Gold— a. Chloridum, Gold, mini-
ate of— -a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of — a. Cy-
anidum, see Gold — a. Cyanuretum, see Gold —
a. lodidum, see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold
— a. et Natri chloruretum, see Gold — a. Marias,
Gold, muriate of— a. Nitro-murias, tee Gold —
a. Oxidum, see Gold— a. Terchloridum, see
Gold — a. Tercyanidum, see Gold--a. Terooddtmi,
see Gold.
AVBICHALCUM
AUTARCIA
A17RICHALCX7M, Bnat.
AURICLE, Auru^iaa,(F.)AuricttUy OrieuU
DiminiitiTe o/ aurisy aa ear. The auricle of
the ear. See PavUioo.
AmicLss OP THB Hkakt, CamU^ttt innomt^
Htitay (F.) OreUleUtsy are two caTities; one
right, the ^er left, each comxiraiiicatiiig with
the ventricle of ite side. These two cavities
receive the blood ftom e^ery part of the body.
Into the right awridty the two vens cavas and
coronary vem open : into the Ufty ^ fimr pal-
roonary veins. ChaussieT calls "die former the
Suuu •fth* VatuB Cav«;— the latter, the Sinus
•ftke Pulmanarf Veins, See Sinus.
AuKKTTLA JxTDMy Peciza auricula— a. Muris,
Hiermeium Pilosella— a. Muris major, Hieia-
cium mnrorum.
AXJRICULAJREy see Digitus— a. Poati^
rist$ry Retiahcus «uris— a. Supirieury AttoUens
aurem.
At7fiIC'nLAR,il«fTe«/</m, OrM'te/oryfrom
mtriculoj <the ear.* That which belongs, to
the ear, especially to the external ear.
Avsic'uutK A&'TBRiBS AMP Vbihs, Ofteu-
/Mf»«^'(Ch.), are divided into anteri^ and
posterior. The anterior are of indeterminate
number. They arise from the temporal artery,
and are distributed to the meatus auditorius
extemus, and to the pavilion of the ear. The
pestorurr amricular is given off by the external
carotid, from which it separates in the sub-
stance of the parotid gland. When it reaches
the inferior part of the pavilion of the ear it bi-
furcates ; one of its branches being distributed
to the inner suHkee of the pavilion, the other
passing over the mastoid process, and being
distrilrated to the temporal and posterior auris
muscles, he. Before its bifurcation it gives
off the stylo-nuutoid artery. The Anterior and
Posterior Auricular Veins open into the tem-
poral and external jugular.
AuRicuiJkB. FiROSB., (F.) Doigt aurieulttirey
is the little fineer, so called because, owin^ to
its size, it can be more readily introduced mto
^ meatus auditorius.
AuBicuLAB Nb&ves uro several. 1 . The au-
ricular iranek, Zygonutto-aurieulary is one of
the aseending branches of the cervical plexus
It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces
of the pavilion. 2. The auricular or superjl'
dal tcMporal, Temporal-cutansous — (Ch.) is
given off from the inferior maxillary. It as-
cends between the condyle of the jaw and the
meatus auditorius extemus, 8en<u numerous
fikments to the meatus and pavilion, and di-
vides into two twigs, which accompany the
branches of the temporal artery, and are dis-
tributed to the integuments of the head. There
is also a posterior auricular furnished by the
fteial.
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior
aari s-^. Superior, AttoUens aurem.
AUmTCULEy Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
AURIC'ULO-VENTRICULAR, Auric^ulo-
mtriculafris. That which belongs to the au-
ricles and ventricles of the heart. The com-
oumications between the auricles and ventri-
cles ire so called. The Tricuspid and Mitral
Volvos are aurioilo-ventricular valves.
AURI'GA. A species of bandage for the
tfts, described by Galen. See, also, Liver.
AIJRI60, Icterus— a. Neophytorum, Icterus
In&ntum.
ATTKiPI6MENTUM,0rpiment— a.Rabram,
Realgar.
AURIS, Ear.
AURISCALPirM, Earjnck.
AURISCOPltJM, Au'risoopsy from aurisy
* the ear,' and rK«r«», * I view.' An instru-
ment for exploring the ear.
AURIST, OtiJtsr, Otit^trusy from aurisy <the
ear.' One who occupies himself chiefly wi^
the diseases of the ear and their treatment.
AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus— a.
Marmorata, Cerumen — a. Sibilus, Bombus — a.
Sonitus, Bombu8--a. Sordes, Cerumen-— a. Su-
snrrus, Bombus.
AURONBy Artemisia abrotanum — a. des
Champs y Artemisia campestris — a. des Jardinsy
Artemisia abrotanum — a* Mdlsy Artemisia ab*
rotanum.
AURUGO, Icterus.
AURUM, «Gold,» (q. v.)— a. Chloratum,
Gold, muriate of— a. Cfhioratum natronatum,
see Gold— a. Foliatum, Gold leaf— a. in Libel-
lis. Gold leaf— a. Leprosum, Antimonium— a.
Limatum, see Gold— a. Muriaticum, Gold, mn-
riate of— a. Muriaticum, see Gold— -a. Muriati-
cum natronatum, see Gold.
AuBUM MuBi'viTM, Aurum Moia^ieufity Sulph'-^
uret of Tiny Deutosulphuret or persulphuret of
tin. {QuicJhsilvery tin, sulphury sal ammoniaoy
S9 , equal parts. The tin being first melted, the
quiclnilver is poured into it, and then the whole
are ground together, and sublimed in a bolt-
head. The aurum musivum lies at the bot-
tom.) It is used in some empirical prepara-
tions.
AtTBTTM OzTDATUM, scc Gold — B. Oxydulutum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of— a. Nitro-muria-
ticum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of,
AUSCULTATE, TO; from auseultarsy «to
Usten.' ' To practise auscultation, (q. v.) * To
auscult* is at times used with the same signifi-
cation.
AUSCULTATION, Ausculta'tioy Echos'eopiy
act of listening. Buisson has used it synony-
mously with listening. Laennec introduced aus~
e«/ra<tontoappreciate the differentsounds, which
can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis of
diseases of the heart, lungs, &c. This may be
done by the aid of an instrument called a ste^
thoeeope (q. v.), one extremity of which is ap-
plied to the ear, the other to the chest of the
patient. This mode of examination is called
Mediate Auscultation, (F.) Auscultation midi-
atCy — ^the application of the ear to the chest be-
ing immediate auscultation.
The act of exploring the chest is called Ste^
thoseop'iay and Thoraeoscop^ia; of the abdomen^
Ahdominoscop^iay (q. v.)
AUSCULTATORY, Auseultato'rius ; Aus-
cul'ticy (with some.) Belonging or having re-
lation to auscultation.
Au8ct7ltato|lt Pbbcttbston, see Aconopho-
nia.
AUSTERE', Auste'rue. Substances which
produce a high degree of acerb impression on
the organs of taste.
ATTSTRTTCHE, Imperatoria.
AUTALGIA DOLOROSA JJeuralgia,facial,
Pleurodyniar— a. Pruriginosa, Itching — a. Ver-
tigo, Vertigo.
AUTARCI'A, from awref, * himself,' and
oQxtmy < I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity. —
Geden.
AUTEMESiA
AVEKA
AUTEMESIA, from ovro^, * self,' and i^ trie,
^vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vonut>
ing.— Alibcrt.
AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
AUTHE'MERON. A medicine which cures
on the dav of its exhibition; from mnosy 'the
same,' and *nf**Q<h * day.'
AUtHTGIANSIS, Vis medicatriz nature.
AUTOCHIR, Autochi'rusy Suiei'doy from
ovTcf , < himself,' and /ti^, < hand.' One who has
committed suicide. A self-murderer or suicide.
AUTOCfflRIA, Suicide.
AUTOCINE'SIS, Motus volunta'riu*^ from
a vr »( , * self,' and Kiv^ffic, < motion.' Voluntary
motion.
AUTOCHASY, Autoerad'oj Autoerato'riay
from avTttf, 'himself,' and k^otoc, 'strength.'
Independent force. Action of the vital princi-^
pie, or of the instinctive powers towards the
preservation of the individual. See Yii Medi-
catrix Nature. Also, the vital principle.
AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis medicatrix
nature.
AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— «. Physia-
trice. Vis medicatrix nature.
AUTOCTONIA, Suicide.
AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal.
AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avrtf, 'him-
self,' iU^«(, ' a stone,' and *ffA vtcy, ' toxut.' One
who operates upon himself for the stone.
AUTOMATIC, AiUonut'icus, AtUom'atusy
from AvTifiarofy 'spontaneous.' That which
acts of itself. Those movements are called
muUmuttie, which the patient executes without
any object; apparently without volition being
exercised; — ^involuntary moXionny motus atuo-
mai'iei seu autom'ati sen involtLnta'rii,
AUTOMNALEy Autumnal.
AUTONOMIA, Vis medicatrix nature. The
word Autonomia is occasionally employed by
the French and Germans for the peculiar me-
chanism of an organized body. Thus, although
individuals of the same species may differ in
outward conformation, their mechanism or in-
stinctive laws, (AiUononUay) may be the same.
AUTONYCTOBATIA, SomnambuUsm.
AUTOPEP'SIA, from avrof, ' self,' and »•*»-
T«9, 'I concoct.' Self-digestiony«-as of the
stomach after death.
AUTOPHIA, Autopsia.
AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.) Ret^ntissement auto-
pkonique, from avroty ' self,' and 9ori7, ' voice.'
An auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hour-
mann, which consists in noting the character
of the observer's own voice, while he speaks
with his head placed close to the patient's
chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be modi-
fied by the condition of the subjacent organs.
The resonance, thus heard, he terms retentisse-
ffUfU autophonique*
AuTOPHONiA, Suicide.
AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus.
AUTOPLASTICS, Morioplastice.
AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice.
AUTOP'SIA, Auftopsp; from *wT6ff, 'him-
self,' and ty/tg, ' vision.' AiUoph'ia, Autoseop'-
ia. Attentive examination by one's self. Im-
properly used occasionally for the following :
AuTOP'siA Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopn0 ou
Ouverture cadavirique. Attentive examination
after death, ExaminaHon post mortemy Seetio
Cadav'eris, Disttction, Neiroseopyy Necropayy
Neeroaeop'ia, Neerop'sia, Neerop'sisy — ^prac-
tised for the poipose of investigating the c
and seat of an aoection of which a person rnsj
have died, &c.
AT7TOP81A Cadave&'ica Lbga'lis, Se^tio ea-
dav'eris Ugalisy Obdu^tipy is the examination
after death for medico-legal purpoees.
AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos.
AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
AU'TOSITE, from avr«c, ' self,' and ^ir*;,
' nourishment.' A single monster, capable of
deriving nourishment from its own proper or-
gans, in contradistinction to OmpkeUonU, (q. v.)
AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix natore.
AUTUMN, AtUum'wuMy PJuhiroporouy (F.)
Avtomne. One of the seasons of the year, be-
tween the Sdd of September and the -2l8t of
December. In all climates, the Autumn or
Fall is liable to disease ; a combination of local
and atmospheric causes being then present, ft-
vourable to its production.
AUrUM'NAL; Autwm»u/li$y (F.) Atnfm-
nale. Relating to Autumn; as jSntumiul
FruitSy Auiumnal Fsversy &c.
Autumn Ai. Fevxr, generally assumes a bi-
lious aspect. Those of the intermittent kind
are much nK>re obstinate than when they ap-
pear in the spring.
AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
AUXILIARY, AuxUia'ri^y from ansUiuwif
' aid.' (F.) Auxiliary That which assists, or
from widch assistance is obtained.
Auxiliary Medicihs \b one which assists
the principal medicine or basis. It is synony-
mous with Adjuvant.
AuxiuARY MuscLBs BTC those which coBcar
in tl^ same movement. Some anatomists have
applied the term to several ligaments, as well
as to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the ««-
cro^pinalis muscle.
AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament.
AUXIS^ Augmentation, Increase.
AVA, Arvay Kava, An intoxicating narco-
tic drink made by chewing the Piper -metbisti-
cum. It is much used by the Polynesians.
AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A smsOl vil-
luge in France, 13 leagues S. S. E. of Poitiers,
at which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It
contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul-
phate and subcarbonate of soda, iron, &c.
AVANT'BOUCHEy{Y,)OtanH'cum. Tbis
name has been applied by some to the faon/A,
properly so called — in contradistinction to tbe
Arritre bouche or Pharynx,
AVANT'BRASy Forearm.
AVANT'CCEURy Scrobjculus cordis.
AVANT'GOUTy (F.) Prmgusta'tio ; a fore-
taste; pregustation.
AVANT'MAINy{Y.)Adv0r'saManu*, The
inside of the hand, when extended.
AVANT'PIEDy (F.) The most advanced
part of the foot.
AVANT'POIGNETyiV.) The anterior part
of the wrist.
AVELINE, Corylus avellana (nut.)
AVELLANA CATHARTICA, Jatropba
curcas.
AVE'NA, OatSy Bromos. The seeds of Ave'-
na tati'va, Nat, Ord, Graminess. Sex. Syst.
Triandria Digynia. (F.) Avains, Oats are
used as food for man, in some parts, particular-
ly in the North of England and Scotland.
when deprived of the husks they form Groats,
(q. V.) Reduced to mealj — Avmk Fari'na*
AYENiB FASINA
97
AZOODTNAMIA
Omtmual — they are aTO>liedft8 cataplasma to pro-
mote tuppaxatioa. The dry meal is sprixuded
over eryBipelatonB parts.
AvsKA ExcoKTioATA, Groats.
AYEN^ FABINA, see Avena.
AYENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Aveoheim is three leagues firom Strasburg:
near it is an aperient mineral water. ■
AYENNE^ MINERAL WATERS OF.
ATeiuies is a village in the department of H6-
ranlt in France : near it is a saline springs the
temperature of which rises to 84^ FanreiSieit.
AYENSy COMMON, Geom urbanom— a.
Water, Geom rivale-^a. White, Geom Yirgi-
nianum.
AYERICH, Snlphur.
AYERRHO'A BILIM'BI, BUvmfH, Bilim.
hing ter$s> An Indian tree, which has a fruit
th^t is too. acid to be eaten alone. It is used
as a condiment, and in the form of syrup as a
refirigerant.
AvKaano^A Caram'bola, called after Aver-
^boes; itfb/vm Cdhi'Ml^ Pnmum Mtella'tum,
TamTaray Congay Coram' bolo. An Indian tree,
Vfaose finits are agreeably acid. The bark,
bruised, is employ^ as a cataplasm, and its
fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious fever and
dysentery.
A YER'SION, Aver'sioy Apot'ropi; from aver-
ttrej (a and verUr$) * to turn from.' Extreme
repugnance for any thing whatever.
AVERSION^ (F.) also means, in therapeu-
tics, the action of medicines which turn the
afflux of fluids from o^e organ, and direct them
to others ; being synonymous with counUr-ir"
Tttationy or rather revulHon or derivation*
AVERTINy (F.) A disease of the mind,
which, according to Lavoisusk, renders the pa-
tient obstinate and furious.
AVEUGLE, Csecus.
AVEUGLEMENTy Caecitas— 4. d* Jour,
Nyctalopia — a* d$ Nuit, Hemeralopia.
AYICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, called after
Avicenna. The plant which affords the Mcdacf-
ea Bean or Anaear'dium Qrienta'U of the Phar-
macopceias, Semecar'pue ^nacar^diwm. The
oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is a corro-
sive, and active vesicatory, but it is not used.
AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil— a. Margariti-
fers, see Pearl.
AVOINy Avena.
AVORTEMENTy Abortion.
AVORTERy to Abort.
AVORTINy Abortion.
AVORTONy Abortion.
AYXTLSIOy ArraehemmU.
AVULSION, Evulsion.
AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a
small town in the department of Arriege,
France ; where there are several sulphurous
springs, the temperature of which vanes from
7r> to leao of Fahrenheit.
AXEy Axis— tf. de PCEiiy Axis of the eye.
AX'EA COMMISSUHA, TrochoVdee. A
pvot-joint. See Trochoid.
AXIL'LA, Alay Aseel'lay AseeTlay AseiTlay
Aid'lay Cordis emuneto'riumy MaUy Hypo'fnioy
P^vea axilla rUy Mas'ekaliy Mas*ekalisy (F.)
Aiitelle. The cavity beneath the junction of
the arm with the slioulder; the armpit; (F.)
Creua de PAiseelle. It is bounded, anteriorly,
by a portion of the pectoralis major; posteri^
wly, by tbe latissimus dorsi. It is covered
with hair, contains much cellular membrane^
lymphatic ganglions, important vessels and
nerves, and numerous sebaceous follicles, fur-
nishing an odorous secretion. In consequence
of such secretion, the ancients called it emuno*
to^riwn cordis*
AXILLARY, Masekalittfusy ("F.) Axil-
lairs, from axillay 'the armpit.' Belonging
to the armpit.
Axillary Aktxrt,. Arte^ria axilla' ris; a
continuation of the subclavian, extending from
the passage of the latter between the scaleni
muscles as &r as the insertion of the pectoralis
major, when it takes the name of Brachial.
Axillary Olanss are lymphatic glands
seated in the armpit; into which the lymphatic
glands of the upper extremity open.
Axillary Nrrvx, Seaj/tUo^u'msrdl (Ch.),
Nsrf drconJUxsy ArHeularnerve ; arises from
the posterior part of the brachial plexus, particu-
larly from the last two cervical pairs and the
first dorsal. It is chieflv distributed to the
posterior margin of the deltoid.
Axillary Ysin, Vena AxUlafrisy Vena Sula»
la'ris. This vein corresponds with the arterjr;
anterior to which it is situate. It is a conti*
nuation of the brachial veins; and, at its ter-
mination, assumes the name Subclavian*
AXINE, Ascia.
AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al-
bocasis to designate a fatty tumour of the up-
per eyelid, observed particularly in children.
AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which
passes ^ough the centre of a body.
A^is, CereSirq-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
of the Cochlea, Modiolus— a. Coeliac, Cceliac
artery.
Axis of tbe Eye, (F.) Axe ds Vaily called
also. Visual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right
line, which fiills perpendicularly on the eye,
and passes through the centre of the pupil.
Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck,
Axon, Epistroph'eus, Epis'trophus, Maseha-
lister: the Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essieu, So
called, because it forms a kind of axis on which
the head moves. Chaussieur calls it Axoidsy
from a$*v, < axis,' and uSet, < shape.'
AXOIDE, Axis— a. Occipitale, Rectus ca-
pitis posticus major.
AXOIDO-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to
both the axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidsan ar-
ticulation.
The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1.
Fracture of the Proces'at^ Denta'tus. 2. Rup-
ture of the odontoid ligament, and consequently
passage and pressure of the process behind the
transverse lignment : and, 3. The simultaneous
rupture of me odontoid and transverse liga-
ments. These different accidents are fatal.
AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, ObUquus inferior
capitis.
AXON, Axis.
AXUNGE, Adeps prseparata.
AXUN6IA, Pinguedo— a. de Mumift, Mar-
row--«. Articularis, Synovia-«. Porcina,
Adepe prseparata.
AYPNIA, Insomnia.
AZARNET, Orpiment.
AZARUM, Asarum.
AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach.
AZEDARACHA AM(ENA, Melia Azeda-
rach.
AZOODYNA'MIA^from a, priv., C*^, *life,»
AZORES, CLIMATE OF
^ BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF
and 4vwi/£C(, < strength.' Privatkm or dimina-
tioB of the vital powers. |
AZORES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or |
Western Ishuids are said to afford one of the
best examples of a mild, homid, eqoable cli-
mate to be met with in the northern henusohere. I
It is slightly colder and moister than that of
Madeira, bat even more eqoable. Sir James '
CUurk thinks, that a change from Azores to !
Madeira, and from thence to TeneriffB— one of
the Canaries— would prove more beneficial to |
the phthisical valetndmarian than a residence '
during the whole winter in any one of these
islands.
AZOTATE DURGENTy Argenti nitras.
A'ZOTE, Axo'tumy from «, priv., and C«*i7)
'life.' A'zof or Ni'trogen, Alealigenef Gas
azo'ticumy Nitrog^n'iwi^ (F.) AsaUy Niiro-
ghte, Air gaU^ Air vicid, is a gas which is un-
fit for respiration. It is not positively delete-
rious, but proves fatal, owing to the want of
oxTgen. It is one of the constituents of atmo- '
spheric air, and is a distinguishing principle of
animals. Vegetables have it not generally,
diffused, whilst it is met with in most animal
substances. It hu been variously called, pklo^
ginie airy wHat%d mV, &c. ; has been looke^
upon as sedative, and recooomended to be re-
spired, when properly diluted, in diseases of the
Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of. ,
AZOTED, Nitrogenized.
AZ0TEN£SE8, from azote, and voffop, '
* disease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned
by the predominance of azote in the body.-*
Baumes. I
AZOTIZED, Nitrogenized.
AZOTURIA, see Urine.
AZUR, Coral, Smalt. '
AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-foorlii
of sal ammoniac. — ^Albert the Great*
AZTGES, Ax'ygosy Az'ygouty sine pmri^
from «, priv., and CiY*f> < equal.' Unequal.
The sj^noid bone, because* it has no fellow.
Also, a process, Proees'aus Az'ygesy R&etrum
spkenoldafliy projecting from under the middle
and forepart of this bone.
AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanefanic
Nerve.
AzTGouB Akticttlak AaTX&T, see Artien*
lar arteries of the skull.
AzTooos Muscle, Azygos tPvulm, is the
small muscle Which occupies the substance of
the uvula. — ^Morgagni. The name is, however,
inappropriate, as there are two distinct fascicu-
li, placed along side each other, forming the
Pal'atO'gtaphyli'ni, Stapkyli'ni or Ejnstapkf-
li'fd muscles, Staj^yli'ni me'dii of Winslow.
AzTOous Vk», Vnia Azfgoa, Veins Pr#-
lomho-thoracique — (Ch.) Vena sine pari. Vena
pari earent, (F.) Veine sane Poire, This vein
was so called by Galen. It fbrms k commnni-
cation between the V, eawa inferior and V. eo-
va superior y permitting the blood to pass freely
between the two. It rises firom the vena cava
inferior, or from one of the lumbar or renal
veins, passes through the diaphragm, ascends
along the spine to the right of the aorta and
thoracic duct, and opens into the V. csiva supe-
rior, where it penetrates the pericardiom. On
the left side, the bbmi-az'toos, Left hran'ckial
or left euperior intereoe'tai vein, Vena demd^
azygosy V. henUaz^yga, Veine petite prelamtio-
thoraeique^Ch,) presents, in miniature, neairly
the same arrangement.
AZYMI A HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu-
mours.
AZTMUS, from «, priv., and Cv^n, * leaven.'
Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened
brc«d.— 'Gal^i.
B.
BAB^VRRE, Buttermilk.
BABILLEMENTy Loquacity.
BABUZICARIUS, Incubus.
BAC'ARIS, Bach'aris, A ntoie given by
the ancients to an ointment described by Galen
under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.
—Hippocrates.
BACC^ BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo-
naria — ^b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebu-
lus — ^b. Myrtillorum, see Vaccinium myrtillus
— ^b. Norlandicse, Rubus arcticus — ^b. Piscato-
risB, see Menispermum cocculns.
BACC AR, Bac'earisy Bae'eharis, An herb
used by the ancients in their garlands, to
destroy enchantment. Perhaps the Digitalis
purpurea (q. v.) Some authors have errone-
ously thought it to be the Asarum,
BACCHARIS, Baccar.
B ACCHI' A, from Baeekus, < wine.' A name
applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunk-
ard. See Gutta rosea.
BACCHIC A, Hedera helix.
BACHARIS, Baearis.
BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Stryclmos
nux vomica.
BACHER'S TONIC PILLS, Piluls ex Hel-
leboro et Mynrha.
BACILE, Crithmum maritimum.
BACiL'LVyLyBaeilluSyBac'uluSyBac'ctUus:
<a stick.' This name has been applied to a
kind of troch, composed of expectorants, and
having the shape of a stick. Also, a supposi-
tory. BacUlum was .used by the ancient che-
mists for several instruments of iron.
BACKACHE ROOT, Liatris.
BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Im-
puUe, diastolic.
BACOVE, Musa sapientum.
BACULUS, Bacillum.
BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Be-
den is a town six miles from Vienna. Here
are 12 springs, containing carbonates of liane
and magnesia J sulphates of lime, and magnesia,
and soda ; and chlorides of sodium and aluminiun.
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
matism, &c. There are tWo other towns of
the same name; one in Snabia, and the other in
Switzerland, about 19 miles from Zurich, where
BABIAGA
91
fiALLOTA FtSTDDA
wenuBeraltpringB. The iRFBtert of tlie last two
are tfaemud Bslphureoiis.
BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, loM in Roi-
lia, tike powder of which is said to take away
the liTid marks from blows and braises in a few
boors. Its nstore if not understood*
BADIANBy Illicinm anisatnm.
BADISIS, Walking.
BADUKKA, Capparis badukka.
BAGEBIA, Pound.
BAGNfeRES-ADOUR, MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. Bagnires-Adonr is a small town
in the department of the Haute* PyrinieMy
cold chalyVeatee; others, thermal salines; but
the greatest part solphnreous and warm.
BAGN£RES DE LUCHON is a small town
in the department of Httute Getronns, on the
frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time
famoDS ibr its numerons snlphnreous springs,
the temperature of which is from €19^ to 148<>,
of Fahrenheit.
BA6NIGGE WELLS. A salme mineral
spring in London, resembling the Epsom.
BAGNIO, Baignoire.
BAGNOLE8, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne.
The water resembles that of the Bagnh-e* eU
Imekon*
BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bagnols is a village) two leagues from'Mende,
in the department of Lozdre. The waters are
hjdrosniphmtms and thermal : 109*^ Fahrenheit.
BAGOAS, Castiatus.
BAGUENAUDIBRy Coltitea arboreseens.
BAHAMA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be
well adapted for consnmptiYe patients, on ac-
count of the rapid alternations of temperature,
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry,
cold chancter. Still, the phthisical valetudina-
rians from noost portions of the United States
mi|^ derive advantage from a residence there
dnnng tiie winter months. The accommoda^
tions are n ot, however, good, or numerous.
BAHEL, Coium'nea longifo'lia, A labiated
l^t of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours.
Babei. S chfll i, Genista spinosa Indica*
BAIGNEURy Bather.
BAIGNOIRE, (F.)Baptiste'riwn,tLBatking
tuhy Bagnie, Soliumy Pisei'na. The vessel or
place in which bathing is performed. Baig-
noire oeuhdrty an eye-bathf'-^ small vessel for
bsthhig the eyes.
BAILLJSMENT, Tawning.
BAILLONy Speculum oris.
BAIN, Bath— 6. Ckaudy Batl^ hot-^. Miee^
trifHc, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Bntiefy
Btth, general— 6. de Fauteuii, Bath, hip--d.
Praisy Bath, tepid— d. Froidy Bath, cold— 6. Mo-
ney Bath, watei^-^. Medieinaly Bath, medicated
-4. de Piedy Bath, foot, Pediluvium— ^. de So-
Uey Bath, sand— «. de Sikgey Bath, hip— &. Tem-
firiy Bath, tepid, B. Temperate— d. de The,
Batl^head— ft. !ZY^,Bath, tepid— ^. Tr^e froidy
Bath, cold — 5. de VapeWf Bath, vapour.
BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
are situate at Plombi^es, department of the
Vosges. They are said to he saline and ther-
nal by some; others deny them any medical
properties. •
BALAMPULLIy Tanarindas.
BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Aerometer.
BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica.
BALANEUM, Bath.
BALANISMUS, Suppository.
BALANITIS, Gonorrhcea spuria.
BALANOBLENNORRHQBA, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocaa-
BALAN6RRH(EA, G<«orrhoBa spuria.
BAliANUS, jlalavof, <g1ans,' <aa aconu'
The glans penis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhafoy
Blennorrhcea of the glans; and BtUam^He, In-
flammation of the ^ans. Suppositories and
pessaries were, also, so called.
Balanos PHCEiiicoe, Date.
^ Baxanits, Glans, Suppository^— b. Myrep*
sica, Gnilandina mbringa.
BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
laruc is a town in the department of H^raidt,
in France. The waters are saline and ther-
mal. They contain carbonic acid, carbonate
of lime, carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of so-
dium, calcium, and magnesium, sulphate of
lime, and a .little iron. They are considered
tonic, and are largely used. Their temjpera-
ture is about 1 18^ Fahrenheit.
Bauiruc Watbr, Factitious, (F.) Sou de
Balarue,^ Aqua BeUUuea'nay is made of simple
aeiduloue water (containing twice its bulk of
carbonic acid) f. ^xzss ; chloride ofeodiumy ^iss;
chloride of ealciumy gr. xviij ; chloride of mag*
neeittm, gr. 56; earhonate ofmagneeiay gr. j.
BALATRO, Bambalio. <
BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punicagra^
natum.
BALBIS, paXfiiQy '« foundation.' Any ob-
long cavity. — Galen. Hippocrates, in his trea-
tise on the joints, gives the name BalUto'dee
to the olecranon cavity of the humerus.
BALBUS, (F.) Bigue. One habitually af-
fected with stammering. A stammerer.
BALBUTIES, P«W/m'«mm, Psel'lotesy Ble^»
sitae, Barygloe^eiay Dyala'liay Mogila^lia, Ie»
ehopho^nia, Battarie*mu8y Bamba'liay Hasita''
(to, Loquo'la hlee'aay (F.) Balhutiementy Bi»
gaiemetu. Stammering, St. Vitus's Dance of
the Voice. Also, vicious and incomplete pro-
nunciation, in which almost all the conso-
nants are replaced by the letters B and L.
TrauHs'mue* •
BALCHUS, Bdellium.
BALD, Athrix.
BALDMONEY, ^thnsa menm.
BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities— b. Limit-
ed, Porrigo decalvans — ^b. Partial, Porrigo de-
calvans.
BALENAS, Leviathan penis.
BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus.
BALINEATOR, Bather.
BALINEUM, Bath.
BALL, Pila.
BALLISMUS, Chorea.
BALLIST A, Astragalus.
BALLONNBMENTy Tympanites.
BAL^LOT A YiR^lDKyMarru'Humnigrum^
Black Horehoundy Stinking H., (F.) Marruhe
noir. This plant is esteemed to be antispaa-
modic, resolvent, and detersive.(?)
Ballota Laha'ta, Leonu^rus lana'tue* A
Slant of the Nat. Family y Labiate, Seas, Syat,
Adynamia Gymnospermia, which grows in
Siberia. The whole plants with the exception
BALLOTTSMSNT
100
BALSAM OF GENEVIEVE
of the root, has recently been recommended in
dropsy, and in rheomatum and gont, as a diu-
retic. It is usnally given in decoction (Jss to
gj,tof.J{viijofwater.)
BALLOTTEMENTy (F.) AgUa'tiany Sue"
cu8*sion,MouvsmMt de BiUlott&ment^tpercus''
fiony means the motion impressed on the fcetus
in utero, bv alternately pressing the uterus by
means of tne index finger of one hand intro-
duced into the vagina; the other hand beinc ap-
plied on the abdomen. It is one of the least
equivocal signs of pregnancy.
BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate
in Saratoga County, New York. The spring
Sans Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous
Chalybeates. It contains iodide of sodium.
There is also a sulphur spring.
BALM, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal-
aaminfr— b. Bastard, Melitis Melissjophyllum—
b. of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctuira cardamo-
mi— b. of Gilead tree, Dracocephalnm Cana-
riense— b. Indian, Trillium Utifelium — b.
Mountain, Monarda coccinea — ^b. Red, Monarda
coccinea— b. Stinking, Hedeoma.
BALNEA C(£NOSA, Bone tUs 4aux.
BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. .
BALNEARIUS, Bather.
BALNEATOR, Bather.
BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from
[kaavtiov, < a bath,' and ya^tpiiy 'a description.'
A description of baths.
BALNEOL'OGT, Balneolog^tay from /fal<-
rtttv, < a bath,' and i«ytc, * a description.' A
treatise on baths.
BALNEOTHERAPrA, from fiaX^uiof, <a
bath,' and Btf*9-na, Hreatment.' Treatment
of disease by bath^.
BALNEUM, Batb— b. Acidum, Bath, acid—
b. Alkalinum, Bath, allnline— b. Animale,
Bath, animal— b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antip-
soric— b. Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphi-
litic — ^b. Arena, Bath, sand— b. GeUtinosum,
Bath, gelatinous— b. Maris, Bath^ watei^-b.
Medicatum, Bath, medicated.
BALSAM, BaFsamumy (q. v.) BotesoHy
BetesoHy (F.) Bourne. This name is given to
natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid,
but very odorous, bitter, and piquant : com-
posed of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of
an essential oil; — ^which allow benzoic acid to
be disengaged by the action of heat ; readily
4lissolve in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether ; and,
when treated wiUi alcalis, afford a soluble ben-
zoate, and throw down resin. We know of
only ive balsams : — ^those of Peru, and Tolu,
Benzoin, solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid
Stjrrax. (See those different words.) There are,
however, many pharmaceutical preparations
and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic
smell, to which the name balsam has been
givenj but they differ essentially in composi-
tion and properties: hence the distinction of
balsams into natural and arHJieial. The. natu-
ral balsams include the five before mentioned ;
the artiJUial the remainder.
Balsam, Acous'tzc, Bal'samum Asous'Heumy
(F.) Banms acaustiqus. A mixture of fixed
and essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of
fetid gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness,
dropi^d into the ear. Th» jacoustic balsam of
Dr. Hugh Smith is made by mixing three
drachms of 9»-gally with one drachm of balsam
ofPsru.
Baxaam, AnuoAN, see VLywrfUm Permfe-
rum — ^b. Anodyne, Bates's, Limmentum sa-
ponis et opii.
Balsam Apoplbo'tic, Bafs ammm JipapU^-
tieumy (F.) Baums apoplsaigMS, A medicine,
composed of several balsams properly so called,
resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff coosist-
eftce, is worn in ivory boxes about the person,
and is smelled at in headache, &c.
Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina.
Balsam of AncoE^us, Bal^satmtm Areesi^ Un^
gusnftum El'smiy (F.) Baumu d'Arettus, A
soft ointment ; sometimes employed in wounds,
ulcers, &c. It is made by melting, with a
gentle heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of
lard, one and a half of turpentine, and as^mocb
Balsam Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. C»>
nary, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Caiiivi,
Copaiba.
Balsam op Caepa'thia, Bal'sa mm m Cmr^
path'ieumy (F.) Bourns ds Carpatkis. The re-
sin of the Pinus Csmbroy (q. v.) v tree, which
grows in Switzerland, Libya, and the Krapac
mountains in Hungary.
Balsam, Chaltb'batb, Bal*samsim Ckalf-
bsa*tumy (F.) Baums d'aeisr ou d'aiguilUs, A
mixture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, pre-
pared by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It
was formerly employed in frictions in pains of
the joints.
Balsam, CoMMAMuna's, Tincture benzoini
compositar— b. for Cuts, Tincture benzoini com-
posita.
Balsam, CoKnxAZ*» op SBNinR'Tua, Bal^^a^
mum Cordia'li Ssnnsr'ti, (F.) Baums ^rdiaU
ds Sennsrt, A stimulant medicine, composed
of the essential oils of citron, cloves, and cin-
namon, of musk, and ambergris. I>ose, 6 to 15
drops.
Balsam op Fibsabeas. A celebrated Spa-
nish vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantee;
the composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt
and wine. (?)
Balsam, Spib'ituous, op Fio&avxrti, Bal*-
samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum^ (F.) Bawrnsa de
Fioravsnti spiritusux* Different ivodncta of
the distillation of resinous and balsamic sab-
stances, and of a number of aromatic substances,
previously macerated in alcohol, have been tbns
called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioratfemtiy
the only one now used in friction, in chronic
rheumatism, is the first product of the distilla-
tion from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic.
The Oily Balsam of Fioraventi is obtained by
removing the residue, and distilling it in an
iron vessel, at a white heat. It has the appear-
ance of a citrine-coloured oil. The Blael .Bal-
sam of Fioravsnti is the black oil, obtainf»d
when the temperature is sufficient to carbonize
the substances in the cucurbit.
Balsam op Fib, see Pinus balsamea.
Balsam op Foubcroy or of Labobds, CF.)
Baums ds Eourerop ou ds Labords, A Idnd of
liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil.
Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
Balsam, Fbiab's, Tinctura benzoini eompo-
sita.
Balsam op Gbhbvibvx, (F.) Baiums de Crans-
vievs. An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in
contosed wounds, gangrene, &e.
BALSAM OF HONET
101
BALSAM, TRANQUIL
Balsam of Horxt (Hill's.) A tinctnre
nsdeof to/tf, Aofiey (U Bii) and spiritt(n. gallon.)
A pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of
the New York College of Pharmacy recommend
the following fommla: — {Gum Bmznin iv,
Bais. Toltu. Jj, MsUisy gyiij, Aleokoi Oii^
digest for 10 dm and filter.) See Mel.
Balsam of fioaxHouMn (Ford's.) A tinc-
ture of horekound^ liquoriee'^ootf camphor y opi"
mmy htnzciny dried aquUlay oil of aniseody and
konsf. It has the same properties as the above.
See Marmbinm.
Balsam, Huhoakxah, see Finns mnghos.
Balsam, Htpnot'ic, Bal'aamfitm Hypnofi-
enmj (F.) Bourne Efpnotique, A preparation
of which opiom, hyoscyamus, camphor, and
some other sedative substances form the basis.
It is used externally in friction, to provoke
sleep.
Balsam, Htstxk'ic, Bal^samumHyster^ieumy
(F.) Bmmu Hfstiriquo. A preparation made
ii opium, aloes, asafcetida, castor, distilled oils
of rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, ap-
plied to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogas-
trium in hysterical cases.
Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon pemiferum.
Balsam ov Lbictousb of Uomdom or Vxir-
CKGUEKx, Bal'samtim LtetormfH* A strongly
stimulant and aiomatie mixture oi camplwr,
saffi-on, mnak, and ambergris, dissolved in es-
sential oils. The ancients burnt it for the pur-
pose of piirifyin|( the air of a chamber, when
infested with a disagreeable odour.
Balsam of Lifb of Hoff'man/ Btd'twrnxtm
Vita Hofwum'niy (F.) Bawmo do Vio d^Boffmau,
A tincture, composea of essential oils and am-
bergrisy employed internally and extemall]^ as
a itimulant. A mixture of essential oils with-
out alcohol constitutes the Saoson Baloamy Bal*"
Mmum apopioc^tieumy B. aromafieum^ B, es^
pkoi'icumy B. Saxon^ieum, B, norvi*num, B»
ScEsazKXX, B, Sfomaeh'ieum. Employed in
friction as a stimulant.
Balsam of Lxfs, Decoctum aloes composi-
tmn— b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura
baooiiii compoeita.
Balsam of Locatfl'li or Lvcatsl'li, Bal^-
$amttm Lueaiel*li, (F.) Baume do LueatoL A
•ort of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpen-
tine, sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with
red Saunders. It was once administered in pul-
nwnary consomption.
Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Pemiferum — b.
Natural, see Myroxylon Pemiferum.
Balsam, GKXSif ,of Mbtz, Bal*samum Vir*idi
Meten'aium, Bal'oomum Vir'idi, (F.) Baume
tert do Motgy Baume do FouHlety HuiU verte,
O'Uum ox'ydi eupri vir'idi. This is composed
of several fixed oils, holding, in Solution, sub-
esrbonate of copper, sulphate of zinc, turpen-
tine, aloes, and tne essential oils of cloves and
jimiper. It is green and caustic, and is em-
pbyed to hasten the cicatrization of atonic nl-
oen.
Balsam, NxvHsrr'ic, of Fitllsb, BiU'samum
• Jftpkrofieum Fulleri. A Uquid medicine, com-
posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have
operienced an incipient state of carbonization
from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was given
in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affee-
tioBs of the kidneys.
Balsam, Nsxvoto, Bal*oa mu m JUrpi'mumf
(F.) Baume nervin on nerval. A kind of oint-
ment, composed of fotty bodies, volatile oils,
balsam of Pern, camphor, &c. It is employed
in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic
Balsam, Paraltt'ic, of Mtnsicht. A sort
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils
of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine
and amber. — L6mery.
Balsam of Pakei'ra bkava, Bal^oamum Po-
r&i'ra brava. A soft mixture of balsam, resin,
muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of
Paroira brava* It is given internally, to excite
the urinary secretion.
Balsam, PfeanviAN, see Myroxylon Peruife-
ram— b. of Pern, red, see Toluifera balsamum
— b. of Peru, white, see M3rroxylon Pemiferum.
Balsam of Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri. This
substance is of a yellowish-brown colour i semi-
transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening
by heat; adherixig to the teeth, when chewed.
It has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of
Tolu, and is slightiy bitter. It is brought from
India in gourd shells, and has been employed
in diseases of the urinary organs, especially in
gonorrhcea.
Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine.
ItUemally, stimulant and diuretic; externally ^ a
vufaierary. See Pinus Cembra*
Balsam of Saturn, Bal'eamum Satur'ni, A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpen-
tina, concentrated by evaporation; and to which
camphor has been sidded. This balsam was ap-
plied to hasten the cicatrization of wounds.
Balsam of thx Samar'itah, (F.) Baume du
Samaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal farts
of wine and oil. It is said to have been the
ointment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel
to cure a patient covered with ulcers.
Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffinann.
Balsam of Sttlphur, Bal'samum Sul'phurioy
(F.) Baumo do Sou/re. A solution of sulphur
in oil. — B. sulpk, anioa'Htm, (F.) B, do Soufro
anioi, A solution of sulphur in essential oil of
aniseed; given as a carminative.—^. Sulph.
otUeinaftumy (F.) B, do Soufro euecini. A so-
lution of sulphur in oil of amber. — B, Sulphuris
terobinihina'tumy Common Dutch Dropo, (F.)
B. do eoufro tirebinthini, A solution of sul-
phur in essential oil of turpentine, administered
as a diuretic. — The Balsam of Sulphur of Rv-
LARD is a solution of sulphur in linseed oil or
nnt oil.
Balsam of Stm'patht, Balemnium Sympath*'
ieumy (F.) Baumo do Sympathio, A bflJsam,
used in the days when sympathetic influence
was strongly believed in. It was composed of
the raspings of a human skull, blood, ana human
fat, and was applied to the instrument which
bad inflicted the wound.
Balsam, TBiBAirr's. A tincture of mjrrrh,
aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
and Chio turpentine. Intomally, diuretic; mh
temaUyy vulnerary.
Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum.
Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'eameim tranquil'lum^
(F.) B, tranquille. A liquid medicine employed,
externally, in the shape of friction : it is pre-
pared by macerating and boiling, in olive oil,
narcotic and poisonous plants, — belladonna,
mandragora, hyoscyanmsy ^e^-4ad afterwards
BALSAMADENDRON
109
BANDAGE
infuMngy in the filtered deeoction, dii&rent aro-
matic plants. It was employed as an anodyne.
Balsam, TvnxxT, Diac(»cephalam Canari-
ense.
Balsam of Tur'pemtinv^ Dutek Drops, Bal'-
samum Tsrebin'tkUug. Obtained by distilling
oil of turpentine in a glass retort, mitil a red
balsam is left. It possesses the properties of
the turpentines.
Balsam, Ysktaiu's, Tinctora Benzoini com-
posita.
Balsam, Yol'iiv&art, of MinnsRS'aus, Betl^-
sammm vulnera^rium Mind9re^ri, (F.) J9. vulni-
rtdre d$ Mindskbr. A kind of linimiBnt, com-
posed of turfientine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's
wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as
a (fareasing to wovnds.
Balsam Wsxi>, Impatiens fiilya.
Balsam, Woimn, Tinctora Benzoin! coin-
posita.
BALSAMADENDRON 6ILEADENSE,
Amyris Gileadensis — b. Myrrha, see Myrrha.
BALSAMEL JSON, Myrozylon Peroiferum.
BALSAMIC, Salsam'ieus, from j^«x«-«e^«»,
< balsam.' Possessing the qualities- of balsams.
Balsamie odour : — a sweet, faint, and slightly
nauseous smell. BalsamU tubstanee; — one
resembling the balsams in property.
BALS AMIES, ELAMIFkRE, Amyris ele-
mifera — b. de Id MM^usy Amyris opobalsa-
mum.
BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina.
BALSAMINEy Momordica balsamina.
BALSAMITA F(£MINEA, Ac^Ueaageia-
tum — ^b. Mas, Tanacetum balsamita.
Balsami'ta Suav'xolbss, B. odora'ta, B.
marisy Mtntha Saraeen'ieay ilf. Boma'na, Fam.
Comfosita Corymbiferas. Sex, Syat. Synge-
nesia Polygamia superflua. A plant, common
in the sonSi of France, and cultivated in the
gardens; -where it bears the names Mentkeeog,
Grand baum$y Bourne dee Jardins, Its smell
is strong and aromatic/ and taste hot. It is
osed for the same purposes as the tansey, i. e.
as a stimnlant, Termifuge, &c.
BALSAMrTA SuAvxoLBMs, Tanacetum balsa-
mita.
BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, Elao-Saocha-
rttm.
BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobal-
samum— b. iSgyptiacum, see Amyris opobal-
samnm — ^b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruifemm
— ^b. Alptni, DracocephalumCanariense— b. Al-
pini, see Amyris opoba l sa mum — ^b. Anodynmn,
liinimentum saponis et opii — b. Apoplecticum,
Balsam of life of Hofimann— b. Aromaticum,
Balsam of life of HoflStnann — ^b. Asiaticum, see
Amyris opobalsamum — ^b. Braziliense, Copaiba
— b. Calaba, see Fagara octandrar— b. Catholi-
ewD, Tincture benzoin! composita — b. Cepha-
licum. Balsam of life of Hoffmann — ^b. Copaibs,
Copaiba — ^b. Genuinum antiquornm, see Amy-
ris opolnitsamum — b. Hyperici simplex, see Hy-
pericum perforatum — b. Judaicmn, see Amyris
opobalsamum — ^b. Libani, see Pinus cembra**
b. Maris, see Fagara octandra — ^b. e Meccft, see
Amyris opobalsamum — ^b. Mercuriale, Ungnen-
tum hydrargyri nitiatis^b. Nerrinum, Balsam
of life of Homnann^b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum
saponis camphoratum — ^b. Ophthalmicum ru-
brum, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi —
b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoin! composita — b.
Pemanum, see Myroxylmi Pemiferum— b. 8a-
tuminam, Ungoeatan pkmbi siroeracetatis—
b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffinann— b.
Stomachicum, Balsam of life of Hoffinann— b.
Styracis, Styrax— b. Styracis benzoini> Benja-
mm — b. Succiniy see Succinnm — b. Sulphoin
Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum — ^b. Sol-
phuris simplex. Oleum sulphuratum — ^b. Syria-
cum, see Amyris opobalsamunk— b. Tolutanum,
see Toloifera balsamum — ^b. Traumaticum,
Tinctura henzoini composita — b. Universale,
Unguentum plumb! superacetatis — ^b. Yiride,
Balsam, green, of Metz; see Fagara octaandra.
BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
BAMBA, Bamboo.
BAMBALIA, Balbuties.
. BAMBA'LIO, Bom'haloy Bala'tro, from
Haftfiettt^, < I speak inarticulately.' One who
stammers or Ittps, or utters inarticulate ooands.
According to Krauss, one who speaks aa if be
had pap in his mouth, or as if the tongue were
paralyzed.
BAMBOO, (F.) Bamhouy Bambu. Am.
Gramineae. Sex. Syet. Hexandria Mooogy-
nia. The young shoots of Bcmboe anmdima*'
eea or Arun'do bamboe, and of Baemboe fMrtieU-
Icita, contain a saccharine pith, of which tbe
people of both the Indies ere very fond. They
are sometimes made into a pickle.
BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo-b.
Verticillata, Bamboo.
BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus ab^mos-
chus.
BAMMA, from p%n^my <I plunge,' «a paint;
a dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in
which certain bodies were plunged, to moisten
or soften them. In the case of tea, fbr instance,
into which bread is dipped^ the tea would be
the boMimd,
BANANA, Mosa sapientum.
BANANIERy Musa sapientum.
BANAUSIA, CharUtanry.
BANC D'BIPjPOCRATE, Bathroe,
BANCAL,(JP.) One who has deformed legs.
It includes the vaigusy eompemie, and varu^y
which see.
BANCROCSE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for
a rickety individual.
BAN'DAGE, DeemoySyndee'mueyHypodes'-
mie, Hfpodeema, Hypodee^mue, (the last three
signify properly an under bandage.) A Under,
from Sax. biadan, <to bind.' This word, with
the French, is ^^enerally used to express the
methodical, application of rollers, compresses,
&c., Ban*daging, Syn'deeie, to fix an apparatus
upon any part,— corresponding to &e words ^#-
ligtitit^fcLStia'tio, faeeitifrwm Sppliea'tio, epid'-
esie* With us the noun is usually applied to
the result of the application, or to the bandage
itself; — a sense in which the French employ
the word Bande, Bandages are simple or com-
pound. The simple bandage is equal, if the
turns are applied circularly above each other ;
unequal, if ue turns are not accurately applied
upon each other. If each turn of the bandage
be only covered one third, it forms the doloire
of the French; if the edges touch only slightly,
it is the moused; if the turns are very oblique
and separated, it is the epiral or ereeping, (F.)
rampant; if folded upon each other, it is termed
the reversed, (F.) renverse* By uniting various
kinds of bandaging, we have the compound; and
these compound bandages have received various
names expressive of their figure, or of the parts
BANDAGE
103
BAOBAB
to which they aie applied, as caputrum, syica,
kt. Bandages are divided, also, as regards
their uses, into tmiting^f dividing^ retaimng,
expelling, eompreesing^ 6fe>
BANSASB'or RoLLsa, JW«»0, (q*vO 3Vn»a,
Efid€^mo*y Vin'culum, theBaude of the French
is derived from (6.) bind en» 'to bind.' It
may be mada of linen, flannel, or other stuff
capable of offering a certain resistance. The
two extremities of a bandage are called tails,
(F.) «A«/#, and the rolled part is termed its
ksad, (F.) glohs. If rolled at both extremities,
it is call^ a doubU-headed roller or bandage,
(F.) Bandt k deux globes.
Bamdaox, Bodt, ManH'll, (F.) Bandage di
Corps, is nsed. for fixing dressings, &c. to the
tnmk. It is formed of a towel, naj^n, or some
large comproBS, folded three or four times; the
extremities of which are fastened by pins.
This is again fixed by means of the eoapulary
bmndage, which is nothing more than an ordi-
nary bandage, stitched to Uie anterior and mid-
dle part of the napkin, passing over the clavi-
eles and behind the head, to be attached to the
back part of the napkin.
Bakdaok, CoMPRBssiHd, or RoLLXB, Faseia
tompressi^va sen eonvolufti^, {F.) Bandogs com-
pressif on ronlii is the simple roller with one
bead; and ia employed in cases of nlcers, va-
rices, &c. of the limbs. Whenever this roller
is applied to the lower part of the limbs, it: is
earned upwards by the- doloire and reversed
methods aboire described.
Barbaoe Divisif, Dividing bandage--^, en
Ihloire, Doloire*
Bahdagk, Eiohtesn-tailxd, Pas'da oetod'^
ftim eapitibus (F.) Bandage it due kuit ekefs.
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller; and with a sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as
moch of the part as is requisite. It is a very
Bseful bandage, inasmuch as it can' be undone
without disturbing the part.
Bamdagk, Galbit's, or B, for ths Poor, Fas'-
eia Gale'nd sen Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de
Galisn on des Pattvres, Oa'lea, is a kind of cv-
eailus or hood, (F.) Coworeekef, divided into
three parts on each side; and of which Galbm
has given a description. See Cancer Galeni.
Bakdagx, Hxkiiial, see Truss — ^b. Immo-
vable, Apparatus, immovable.
Bardagk, In'guinal, Pas'eia ingidna'lis, A
bandage for keeping dressings applied to the
groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is
attached a triangular compress, adapted for
covering the groin. To the lower extremitv
of this, one or two bandages are attached, which
pass under the thigh, and are fixed to the pos-
terior part of the cincture. This bandage may
be either simple or dpnble.
Other bandages will be found described nn^
der their various names.
Bahdags, PaaxANXNT, Apparatus, immova-
ble — b. of the Poor, see Cancer Galeni; and
Bandage, Galen's.
Baiidaos ov sbfaxatk Strips, or B. or
Sculte'tus, Fas' da fasafolis separaftim dis'
pes^iiis sen SeuUefti, (F.) Bandage d bande-
fsues siparees on de Seultet. This is formed
ci linen strips, each capable of surrounding once
aad a half the part to which they have to be
spiled, and placed upon each otner, so as to
cover soccessively one -third of their width.
It is used chiefly for fractores, requiring fre-
quent dressing.
Baiu>aos, Undss, Hypodesmis-^. Unissant,
Uniting bandage.-
BANDAGING, see Bandage->b. Doctrine
of, Desmaturgia.
BAN'DAGIST. One whose business it is to
make bandages, and especially those for hernia.
BANDE, Bandage. The word Bands, in
anatomy, is used by the French for various
^larrow, flat, and elongated expansions. Bands
d'Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for supporting
the mammsB.
BANDEAU, (F.) A kind of simple ban-
dage, which consists of a piece of cloth, folded
four times, and applied round the head. There
is also the Bandeau ou Mouchoir en triangle or
triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechef
(which see,) made of a square piece of cloth, or
of a handkerchief, folded diagonally, uid ap*
plied round the head.
BANDELETTE,(F.y Diminutive of ^on^/e,
Faseiola, Taniola, Vitta; a narrow bandage,
strip or fillet. Also Tiania semicircularis (q. v.)
BANDELETTES AQGLXITINATIVES,
small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster.
Vittes agf^utinan'tes. See Agglutinant.
BANDELETTES DECOUPLES, are
strips of linen, notched on one edge, and co-
vered, on one side, with ointment. They are
applied to wounds to prevent the lint from
sticking, and the laceration of the cicatrix.
BANDELETTE 8EMICIRCULAIRE,
Taenia semicircularis — b, dss Comss d^ammon.
Corpus fimbriatum — b. des £minsnees ppri-
formss. Taenia Semicircularis — b. de VHippo"
eampey Corpora fimbriata.
BANDURA, Nepenthe destillatoria.
BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis.
BANEBERRY, Actsa spicata.
BANGUE, Bangi or Beng, Indian ksmp^
Gunjah, Haihisek. Adanson believes this to
be the Nepenthe^ of the ancients, Canf nobis In'-
diea, (F.) Chanwrs Indisn, probably identical
with.C sativon Familp, Urticeae. Ssas, Syst,
Dioecia Pentaadria. Its leaves and flowers are
narcotic and astringent. They are chewed and
smoked. Its seeds, mixed with opium, areca,
and sugar, produce a kind of intoxication, and
are us^ for this purpose by the people of In-
dia. An alcoholic extract of the plant has been
used in India, and since then in Europe and in
this country as a narcotic, and anti-convulsive,
in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more.
It requires, however, great caution in its ad-
ministration. See GiniJAH and CmniRus.
BANICA, Pastinaca sativa.
BANILAS, Yanilla.
BANILLA« YanilU.
BANILLOES, VanUIa.
BANISTE'RIA ANGULCSA. This plant,
in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a power-
fill sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of
serpents.
BANNIMES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Banniires is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca-
hors, France. The waters are probably chaly-
beate. They are celebrated in ameaorrhiaa,
cachexia, jaun^ce, ke.
BA'OBAB. The Adanso'nia digiti/ta, of
Africa; Nat, Ord. Bombaceae; one of the
largest productions of the vegetable kingdom.
Its fruit is called, in the country, Pa»i> de singe.
BAPTISIA TINCTORU
104 BARRE, MINEItAL WATERS OF
Ip is ■ourish, tJiid agreeable to eat : and
ihing drink is made from it, which is
feters. Prospero Alpini and Dr. L.
think that the Terra Lemnia was pre-
n Egypt, froni the pulp« All the parts
laobab abound in mucilage.
ri8IA TINCTORIA, Sophora tincto-
nSTERIUM, Bmgnoir:
AQXTETTE, (F.) A name given by
physician at Nimes in France, to a ca-
epiaemy, which occnrred there in 1761.
uenza.
ATHRON, Junipems sabina.
ATHRUM, Antrum.
BA, Beard— b. Aaronis, Arum macnla-
. CaprsB, Spiraa almaria— b. Jovis, Sem-
im tectorum.
BADGES, see West Indies— b. Leg, see
itiasis.
BAREA, Erysimum Barbarea.
BAROS'S^ PIL'UL^, Bariarossa*s
An ancient composition of quicksilver,
), diagridimn, musk, &c. It was the
ternal mercurial medicine, which ob-
iny real credit.
;B£, Beard— ^. tU Boucy Tragopogon.
BEAU, Cyanns segetum.
BER-CHIRUR'GEONS. A Corpora-
London, instituted by king Edward IV.
rbers were separated from the surgeons,
Greo. II., c. 15; and the latter were
into a Royal College of Surgeons at the
Qcement of the present century.
BERIE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
mineral waters are half a league from
. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides
lesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
ites of magnesia, lime, and iron. They
d as chalybeates.
BERRT, Ozycantha Galeni— b. Ameri-
3 Oxycantha Galeni.
BIEkS. a variety of paralysis chiefly
nt in India, and bj many considered to
same as Beriben (q. v.) Beriberi is
Qly an acute disease. Barbiers is gene-
ironic.
BITIUM, Beard.
BOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
BULA CAPRINA,.SpinBaulmaria.
CLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pi-
dbiliosaB.
DADIA, Pound.
DANA, Arctium lappa— b. Minor, Xan-
DANB PETITE, Xanthium.
E6ES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
I is a village in the department of Hautes
», near which are several springs.
re sulphureous and thermal, tM heat
; from 85o to 119o Fahrenheit. They
chlorides of magnesium and sodium,
» of magnesia and lime, carbonates of
ilphur, &c . These springs have long en-
nigh reputation, and are daily advised
leotts ana scrofulous affections, &c.
iTions Babeobs Water, Aqua Baregi'
(F.) Sou de Barigesy is made by add-
irosulpkuretted ufoter, f. §iv, to pure
f. Jzvijss, earbonate of soda, gr. zvj,
of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely.
QADA, Convolvulus pes capria.
IGLIA, Soda.
BARII CHLORIDtTM, Baryta, muriate of
— ^b. lodidum. Baryta, hydriodate of. «
BARILLA, Soda— b. Alicant, Sod»— b. Car-
thagena, Soda^-b. Turkey, Soda.
BARILLOR, Soda.
BARIUM, BaWyum, PluU/tUumy ih>m fia^wc,
< heavy.' The metallic base of baryta, so called
from the great density of its compounds.
Bakium, Ckloeidb of. Baryta, muriate <4-^
b, Chhrure de. Baryta, muriate of— b..Iodide o^
Baryta, hydriodate of-^b. Protoxide of. Baryta.
BARK, Cinchona — ^b. Bitter, Pinckneya pn-
bens — ^b. Calisaya, Cinchona cordifolia cortex
— b. Caribaean, Cinchons Caribme cortex — b.
Carthagena> see Cinchona — ^b. Crown, Cinchons
lancifolifls cortex — b. Elk, Magnolia glaucft— b.
Essential salt of^ see Cinchona — b. Florida,
Pinckneya pubens— b. Georgia, Pinckneya po-
bens — ^b. Gray, see Cinchona — ^b. Hoanoco, see
Cinchona — ^b. Indian, Magnolia glancar— b. Je-
suit's, Cinchona— b. Loxa, Cincli^nflB lancifolia
cortex— b. Pale, Cinchonn lancifolias cortex—
b. Maracaybo, see Cinchona — b. Peravian, Cin-
chona — ^b. Pitaya, Cinchonae CaribaesB cortex—
b. Red, Cinchons oblongifoliae cortex — b. Saint
Lucia, CinchottflB CariMeae cortex — ^b. Santa
Martha, see Cinchona — ^b. Silver, see Cinchona
— b. Yellow, Cinchons cordifolis cortex.
BARLERIA BUXIFOLI A, Cara schnUi.
BARLET, PEARL, see Hordeum-^>. Scotch,
Hordenm.
BARM, Test.
BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bar-
net is not far from London. The water is of a
purging quality, like thait of Epsom, and about
half the strength.
BAROMACROM'ETER,,P<K2o5aroiMa«roin'.
eter, Padom'eUr, from |?«e<>o ' weight,' /utan^ot,
< long,' and /atgor, * measure.' An instrument
invented ^y Stein to indicate the length and
weight of a new-bom in&nt.
BAROM'ETER, Baroeeop'ium, Ba'rosecpe,
from j9a(«c, 'weight,' and /ufr^sv, 'measure.'
(F.) Baroniitre, An instrument which mea-
sures the weight of the air. A certain degree
of density in tlus medium is necessary for health.
When we ascend high mountains great inconve-
nience is experienced, owing to Uie diminished
density. Changes of this character are indi-
dicated by the Barometer or weather-glass.
BA'ROS, ^9i, * heaviness.' Employed by
the Greek physicians to designate tne feeling
of lassitude and heaviness observable in many
diseases. — ^Hippocrates, Galen.
BAROSCOPE, Barometer.
BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata.
BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate <tf.
B ARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris.
BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bam
is a small town, six leagues from Strasbnrg.
The waters are thermal, and contain much
iron, calcareous salt, &c. They are diuretic
and tonic.
BARRE (F.) Barrure, Varoy «a bar.' A
projection or prolongation of t^e symphysis pu-
bis >— a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
BARR&E (F.) A term applied, in France,
to a female whose pelvis has the deformity do-
scribed under Barre.
BARRIES, (DENTS,) The molar teeth,
when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that
they cannot be extracted without being broken;
BABBEL OF THE EAR
105
BASILIC
or without a portion of the alveolar arch being
reiDoved.
BARRKL OF THE EAR» Tympanum.
BARRENNESS, Sterilitas.
BARROS, Terra Portogallica.
BAKRTTRE, Barrg.
BARTCOCCALON, Datura stramoniom.
BARYCOITA, Baryecoia.
BARYECOI'A, BaryeoiUa, Brady ecoi% Pa-
Tom'sia o&tu'soy Diseeoi'cb^ Dyaeea'a^ Audi'tus
dijlc"ilisy Obaudi"tioy Ohaudi'tus, A. gravis,
A. \mmtnu*tusy Hypoeopho*ais, Hy pocky ro' sis y
(F.) Dur€ti d^OreUU, from ^^tqyqy * heavy,' and
•nr^y 'hearing.' Hardness of hearing, mcom-
plete deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness.
BART6L0SSIA, Balbuties.
BARYGL03SIA, Baryphonia.
BARYI HYDRAS lOD ATI, Barytr^ hydrio-
date of.
BARYLALIA, Baryphonia.
BARYOD'YNE, from /J«e«/ff, 'heavy/ and
«^»i:, ' pain.' A dull, heavy pain.
BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'siay Baryla'liay
Loque'la impedi'tay from /9<^vf, 'heavy/ and
^iBfij, « voice.' Difficnlty of voice or speech.
6ARYPICR0N, Artemisia abrotannm.
BARYSOM ATIA, Polysarcia adiposal
BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa.
BARYTA, from /»<{««, * heavy,' Terra pon-
dtro'soy Bqry'tes, Protoxide ofBa'riumy Heavy
Earthy Ptmderous Earthy (F.) BarytSy Barite,
Terre pesoMU, This eartii and its soluble salts
axe all highly corrosive poisons. It is never
employed in medicine in &e pure state. When
externally applied, it is caustic, like potassa
and soda.
BAaT*TA, Cab'boitaR oVyBary'ta Car*honas,
(?.) Carbonate de BarytSy is only used Offici-
Bally to obtain the moriate.
B.iaTTA, HTi>ai'ODATSOF,^aryfa ffydriodas,
Baryta Hydriod'icay Hydras Baryi loda'tiy (in
the dry state, — Iodide of Bariumy Barii lod'i-
dum, B. loda'tumy) has been given in scrofulous
and similar morbid conditions. It may be ad-
ministered internally in the dose of one-eighth
of a grain three or four times a day, and be ap-
plied ezteraally to scrofulous swellings, in the
fonn of ointment, (gr. iv. to §j of lard.)
Babtta Htdriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
Bartta, Mu'riatb or Htdrochlo'rate op,
Bary'tee mufriaSy Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba^rii
Cklo'ridum (Ph. U. 8.) Chlo'ruret ofBa'Humy
Ttrra pondero'sa sali'ta seu muria'tay Sal muri^
^icuwe, harofieumy Baro'tes sali'tuSy (F.) Chlo^
mr« de hariumy is the combination chiefly used.
The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as fol-
lows: Baryt. Carbon.y in nagments, ftj. Acid.
Muriat, f. ^zij . Aquay Oiij . Mix the acid with
the water, and gradually add the Carbonaite of
Barvta. Toward the close of the effervescence,
kn»7 A Kentle heat, and, when the action has
ceased, filter the liquor, and boil it down so that
crystals may form as it cools. Ph. U. S.
It is given in the form of the Bolu'tio Muria'-
tu Barytety Idquor Barii Chlo'ridiy Aqua bary*'
Utmaria'tisy (F.) Solutionde Muriatede Baryte,
{Xuriate of Baryta, one part^ distilled watery
tbee parts,) and is employed in scrofulous cases,
vorms, and cutaneous diseases. Externally, to
fingoos ulcers and to specks. on the cornea.
Barttjb Carboiv'as, Baryta (Carbonate) — ^b.
Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of— b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of.
8
BAR TTEy Baryta— 3. Carbonate de, Baryta>
Carbonate of.
BARYTHMIA, Melancholy.
BARYUM, see Barium.
BAS'FONDj see Urinary Bladder.
BAS'LASSEy Stocking, laced.
BAS VENTRE, Abdomen.
BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the
decoction of whose leaves, in water, with gin-
ger, is nsed as a gargle in diseases of the finuces.
The kernels of the ^nit are vermifuge.
BASANASTRA'GALA, firom fiaaavo^y 'tor-
ture,' and aoT^«xaxoc, 'the astragalus.' Pain
in the ankle jomt} gout in the foot.
B AS ANIS'MOS, from jfa<ravi tiiv, ' to explore. '
'A touch-stone.' Inveitigation or examinationv
— Hippocrates, Galen.
BASE, Basisy from fianfm, 'I proceed,' 'I
rest,' ' I support myself.' Tluit which serves as
a foundation or support. That which enters,
as a principal matter, into a mixture or combi-
nation. In anatomy, it is employed in the for-
mer sense, as Base of the Craniumy Base of the
Brain — Basis w&xPammen'tum cere'bri; Base
of a Process, jrc, Base of the heart — Basis yel
eoro'na cordis* In the art of prescribing, Btssis
is the chief substance which enters ifito a com-
pound fornuila.
BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane,
basement.
BASIATIO, Coition.
BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum—
b. Cipron, Ocymum basilicum— b. Common,
Ocymum basilicum — b. Small, Ocymum caryo-
phyllatum — ^b. Wild, ChenOpodium vulgare —
b. Wild, Cunila mariana.
BASILAR, Basila'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi^
laire* That which belongs to the base, from
(fs(0>ic, 'base.' This name has been given to
several parts, which seem to serve as bases to
others. The sacrum and sphenoid have been
hence so called.
Basilar Aktbry, A, basUa'risy A, cerviea'-
lis, (P.) Arttre ou Tronc basUaire, A. mesoed-
phalique (Ch.) The union of the two vertebral
arteries. It ascends along the middle groove
on the inferior surface of me tuber, and is sup-
ported, beneath, by the Fossa basilaris. It ter-
minates in the posterior cerebral arteries.
Basilar Fossa, (F.) Oouttiire ou Posse ba*
silairSy is the upper surface of the basilary pro-
cess,— so called because it is channeled like a
Fossa or Gutter, The Tuber annulare rests
upon it.
Basilar Process, Proees^sus bctsila'ris ossis
oceip'itis, P. eunsifor'vUs ossis oecip'itis, (F.)
Apophyse Basilaire, Prolongement sous-occi-
pital, Cu'neiform Process, is the bony projec-
tion, formed by the inferior angle of tne os oc-
cipitis, which is articulated with the sphenoid.
Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
Basilar Surpace, (F.) Surface Basilaire, is
the inferior surface of the process. It is covered
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of
the loins.
BASlLlC,Basil'icus,fTom (laeiltMot,* royal.'
This name wa^ given, by the ancients, to parts
which they conceived to play an important r6le
in the animal economy.
Basiuc Vein, Vena Beuil'iea, V, Cu'biti in-
BASILIC COMXtm
106
BATH
tatUs of Chaussier. This vein is one of those
on which tiie operation of blood-letting is per-
formed. It is situate at the internal part of the
fold of the elbow, in front of the humeral arte-
ry, and is formed bv the anterior and postirior
cubital v0itu, and by the median hanUc* It
terminates, in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein.
The ancients thought, that the basilic of the
right arm had soma connexion with the liver,
and hence they called it fupatie. The vein of
the left arm, for a similar reason, they called
gplmie. The M»diem Basilie Vein, (F.) Veins
medians ha&ili^pUf is one of the branches of the
preceding vein. It joins the median cephalic at
an acute angle, or rather by a transverse branch,
and receives some branclMS of the deep radial
and cubital veins, and a conaiderable subcuta-
neous vei|k — ^the eommen median*
BASILIC COMMUNy Ocymum basiliciim
— 6. Sautfoge^ gra$tdy Chenopodium vulgare.
BASIL'ICON, BasiNeum. < JEtoyal,' or of
great virtue. An ointment, composed of yel-
low wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one
part, olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called
Vngu&n^tum Teiraphar*maeum, (rt rpa^o^^axa,
< four drugs.') — Celsus. Scribonius Largus.
Basiliooh, Basilieitmy of the Parisian Codex,
is the Onguent de Poix et ds Cire, In most
PharmacopoBias, it is represented by the TTn-
gmn'tum or Cera'twn Ren'na. It is used as
a stimulating ointment. See Ceratum Resins,
and Unguentum Resins Nigra.
BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum
— ^b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum— b. Majus,
Ocymum basilicum.
BASILISCUS, Syphilia.
BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS,
Hyoglossus.
BA'SIO-CER'ATO-OLOSSUS, from paoi^^
'base,' xf^ac, <comu,' and yXwaaay < tongue.'
A name given to « part of the hvoglossus,
which 18 inserted into the comu of tne os hy-
oides and base of the tongue*
BASIOCES'TRUM, from /t««-if, 'the base,*
and «<tf-r^a, < a dart.' An instrument for open-
ing the head of the foetus in utero, invented by
Mesler, a German. *
BA'SIO-GLOS'SHS, Hypeeloglos'stu^ Byo-
iasioglossut, Tpseloglos*eu«, from fiaatt^ ' base,'
and y;iwrtf-tt, < the tongue.' A name formerly
given to the portion of the hyoglossus which is
inserted into the l>ase of the os hyoides. — Rio-
Ian, Thomas Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle.
BASIO PHARYNG^tJS,from/»o«-ic,«ba«e,'
and tfoQvy^y ' the pharynx.' A name given to
some fibres of the constrictor pharyng^ medius.
— ^Winslow.
BASIS, See Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base
of the Brain — ^b. Cordis, Radix cordis — ^b. Cor-
poris, Sole.
BASSI-COL'ICA. Nameofa medicine com-
posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius
Largus.
BA8SIN, Pelvis— 4. Oeulaire^ ScaphiniQ
ocnlare.
BASSINERy to foment.
BASSINET, Pelvia of the kidney, Ranun-
culus bulboflus.
BASSWOOD, Tilia,
BATA, Musa Paradisiaca.
BATABASt Solanum. tuberosum.
BATATAS. The iidiabitants of Pern gave
this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe-
cially to the Convolvulu* Bataiae, or Sweet
Potato, (q. V.) Our word. Potato, comes from
this.
BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS» see
Pectoral DroiM, Bateman's.
BATERION, Bathron.
BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Liaimen-
tum saponis et opii.
BATH, Anglo-Saxon, batt, Balnsum, Bala-
ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron, (F.) Bain, Iro-
meraion, or stay, for a longer or shorter dura-
tion« of the whole or a part oS the body, in some
medium, as water. Act of plunging into a li-
quid, sand, or other substance, in which it is
the custom to bathe. Also, the vessel in which
the water is put' for bathing. Also^ a pablic or
private establishment for iMthing.
In Pharmaefy a vessel, placed over a fire,
and filled with any substance, into which ano-
ther vessel is placed, containing matters for di-
gestion, evaporation, or distillation.
Bath, Acid, Bal'neum aefidum {Add, mttri-
at» Ibij : Aqua, cong. brvi. One half, one third,
or one fourth the quantity of acid is more fre-
quently employed.)
Bath, Aik, Hot, see Bath, hot— b. Air, warm,
see Bath, hot.
Bath, Alkalins, Bal'newm alhUi*num, This
may be made of half a pound or a pound of
pearlash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six
gallons of water.
Bath, Animal, Balneum Anima'li, conaisU
in wrapping an animal recently killed, or its
skin, around the body, or some part of it.
Bath, Am Tipsoa'ic, JBa/'MtftM» antipeo'ricmm.
Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta-
neous diseases. {Potass, sulphuret.^iv, Aqu^y
cong. Ix.)
Bath, Aictistphilit'io, Bal'newm antisypki-
litHevm, Mercu'ria^ bath. Made by diasolving
from two drachms to an ounce of the corrosiFf
chloride of mercury in sixty gallons of water.
Bath, Cold, see Bath, l^t — b. Coo^ see
Bath, hot.
Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand,
&c. The ancients used these frequently for
therapeutical purposes.
Bath, Earth, Arenatio.
Bath, Elbc'tric, (F.) Bain tleetrigue, con-
sists in placing the person upon an insulated
stool, communicating, by a metallic wire, with
the principal conductor of the electrical ma^
chin% in action. The Electric Bath producer
general excitement of all the frinclions, and
especially of the circulation and secretions.*—
See Electricity.
Bath, Foot, Pedilu*viwm, (F.) Bain de-Pisd^
a bath for the feet.
Bath, Gblat'inous, Bal'nsum gelatino'sum.
Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin in a
gallon of «MU0r.
Bath, Gxnera.^, (F.) Bain Enlist, is one, ia
which the whole body is plunged, except the
head; in contradistinction to the partial bati,
Merobalane'vm, . Merobal'nsum,
Bath, Half, Semicu'pium, (q. v.) Excatkis!-
ma, (q. v.) Iness'sio, Inoss'sus, is one adapted
for half the body. Ohie, for receiving only the
hips or extremities, is also so called.
Bath, Haiid, Manulu^vitim, (F.) Bain de
Main ou MantUuvs, is a bath for the hands.
BATH, HDXEKAL WATERS OF 107
BAUXB
Batr» Hkadj Capkiim^vinm (F.) Bmn de
Tiu on CapitHuoey a bath for the head.
B^m, Hip, Coxalu'vium, (F.) Baind^ Fan-
umij Bain d* Siige, ia ona m which the lower
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
are immersed.
Bath, Hot, Balneum Cai'tdrntmy Zettolu'tia^
(F.) Bain ekaudy is a hath, the temperature of
which ia 98^ and upwards; the Warm Batb,
from 99^ to 98^; the Txpm Bath, (F.) Bain
TUda, BalHsum tep'idumy from 85^ to 93^; the
TufPUATs Bath, (F.) Bain TempSrdy from
75^ to bS^; Ae Cool Bath, (F.) Bain /rM#,
from 60^ to 75**; the Cold Bath, Balmum
frig^Hdumy Frigida'riwm, (F.) Bain /raid, Bain
iris fmdy (of some,) from dO^ to &S^\ and the
Yapour Bath, Balntumvape'rity (F.) Bain de
Vapamry Mtwoe Bnmmde, from IW* to 130°, and
opwaids. See Vaporarimn. A Warm Air
BU.TB, or Hot Air Bath, consists of air the
tenqieimtiire of which ia raised.
BiATH,. Mkd'xoatxd, Bolnsum MMea^tum,
(F.) Bain medUinal, is a bath, formed of decoe*
tioos or infoaiona of regetaible substances, or of
an7 ingredient, introduced into the water for
therapeatical parpoaea.
Bath, Mbrcuriai^ Bath, antisyphilitic — b.
If itro-moriatic acid, Scott's acid bam.
Bath, SAim, BeUneuwt Are^ntt, (F.) Bain ds
SaiUy consists ofa Tessel filled with sand, and
placed oTer the fire. Into this Tessel, the one
is put which contains the substance to be eva-
porated* See Psammismus.
Bath, Sra Watkr, Balmmm Mar^ia, (F.)
Bain Maris, consists ofa vessel filled with boil-
ing sea water, or salt water, in which the ves-
sel is placed, that contains the substance to be
evaporated. Bain Marie, is, however, at the
preaent day employed for any form of water
Bath, Showsr, Impiu'vium, is one in which
the water is made to fall like a shower on the
body. See Douche.
Bath, Stxah, mav be formed by introducing
steam into a properly closed vessel in plaae of
water, as in the water bath.
Bath, Tempbratr, see Bath, hot — ^b. Tepid,
lee Bath, hot — ^b. Vapour, see Bath, hot, and
Vaponrinm— b. Warm, see Bath, hot.
Bathing is much employed in the treatment
of disease. The cold bath, especially the cold
•ea bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the
wann bath is a relaxant; and the hot bath a
stimnlsnt.
The regular use of the bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it
is apt to produce injurious effects.
BATH, MINERAL WATERS OVy^AqutB
Batko'nia vel Bad*ixm,Aqua SolisyAquteBad'^
igua. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in
Engknd. They contain but little impregna-
tion, and are chiefly indebted to their tempera-
ture, from 112^ to 117° Fahrenheit, for their
■tility. The main ingredients are sulphate of
Ums, chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, car-
bonate of lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic
add and azote.
These waters are em^oyed in the most hete-
rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the
ample thermal springs are indicated, as in rhan-
nstism, paralysis, he.
BATHER, Same etpion; BaineO'riusy Bali-
nea'tor, Balnsa'tor, (F.) BaigTteur. One who
bathes. Anciently, the name wac given ta
those that administered baths to the diseased,—
the JUuvistes of the French.
BATHMIS,BikA«hi#,< base, support.' The
cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence
of another; and especially the two Foeeettef at
liie inferior extremity of the humerus into
which the processes of the ulna are received,
during the flexion and extension of the forearm.
BATHRON, Bathrum Hippot/ratis, Seam^
num Etppoe'ratia (q. v.^ Bate'riony 'a step, a
ladder.' (F.) Banc d^Bippoerate, An in^
strument, used for the extension of a limb, in
cases of fracture or luxation. The description
of it is found in Galen,' Oiibaaius, and S<»iltt-
tua, with a figure.
BATHRUM HIFPOCRATIS^ Bathion.
BATIA, Retort.
BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
tisse is three leagues from Clermont in France.
The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate
and sulphate of so^ sulriiates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime.
BATOS, Rubus Idaeus.
BATRACHUS, Rannla.
BATTALISM'US, Battat^t'musy from jfor-
raCiir, <to stammer.' Balbuties (q. v.^ Stam-
mering with incapacity to pronounce tae R.
BATT'ALUS, Bat'tanuy same etymon. A
stanmierer, a stutterer.
BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
BATTARUS, Battalus.
BATTATA YIRGINIANA, Sokmim tube-
SATTEMENa JDOUBLSSy see Brwii dn
Cnur fated »
BATTEMENTy Pulsation.
BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Baudriconrt is a town of France, two
leagues and a half from Mirecourt. The wa-
ters are sul|dittreoaB.
BAUDBUCHESyCoDidam.
BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve o/Tuwius, F.
ef Fallopius, Y. o/ Varquxts, H'eo-eaeai Vaivt,
nea-eolie Valve, Val'vttla llei, Val'vula CoHy F.
Ceeeiy Oper'eulum Ueiy Sphincter liei. This
name is given to the valve situate transversely
at the place where the ileum o«>ens into thie
ccecum, and which Banhin says he discovered
at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre-
viously described by several anatomists; as by
Vidus Vidius, Postius, &e.
BAUMEy Balsam— 6. d^Aciery Balsam, cha-
lybeate — b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic — h.
d*Aiguillesy Balsam, chalybeate — b. Apoplee-
tique, Balsam, apoplectic — b, d'Areansy Arcaeus,
balsam of; see, also. Balsam of Arcsua— A.
d'Areiua, Uttguentom elemi compositum — b.
Benjsiny Benjamin — b, Blancy see Amyris
Opobalsamum — b, du Brhily Copaiba—^, ds
Canaday see Pinus balsamea — b* de Canneile,
Laurus cinnamomom — 5. de Carpathie, Balsam
of Carpathia—^. ds Carthaghney See Toluifera
balsamum — ft. d* Constantinople blanCy aee
Amyris opobalsamnm — b, de Copahuy Copaiba
— b. Cordiale ds Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of
Sennertus — b. d'Eau d feuilles rideesy Mentha
crispa— &. de Feviilety Balsam, green, of Metz
— b. de Fioravenii spiritwueey Balsam, spirita-
BAURAC
108
BEDEGAA
oiiSy of Fionventi-^. de Foweroy oa d4 La^
hord0y Baliam of Fourcroy or LaDorde->3. tU
Chalaad, see Amyru opobalsamnm — h, de Gene-
vUve^ Baliam of Geneviive— 6. Grande Tana-
cetum balsamita — b. du Grand Ctdre^ see Amy-
ris opobalsamum— i. Hypnotique, Balsam, hyp-
notic— &. Spstiriqu4f Balsam, hysteric— £. des
Jar<^tn«, Mentha viridis — b.de Luca^«/, Balsam,
LucatelU's— ^. Nervin, Balsam, nervous — b. de
I*9rau, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. du So'
mar»Va«», BalMun of the Samaritan — b. Saxtm,
Balsam, Saxon — b. de Sou/re, Balsam of sul-
fur — b. de Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy — b,
TrofiquilUy Balsam, tranquil — b, de Tolu, see
Toluifera balsamum— ^. de Vunille, Vanilla —
b. Vert, ftee Fagara octandra-^. Vert de Metz,
Balsam, green, of Metz — b. de Vie d^Hoffmanriy
Balsam of Life, of Hoffioaann— 6. de Vie de Le-
Uhvre, Tinctura aloes composita — 6. Vrai, see
Amyris opobalsamum — 6. Vulneraire de Min-
derer. Balsam, vulnerary^ of Mindererus.
BAURAC, (Arab,) Nitre, or salt in general.
From this word comes Borax.
BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bau-
rin is a village four leagues from Roye, depart-
ment of Somme. The waters are strongly cha-
lybeate.
BAVEy (F.) Sali^va ex are Jiuene, Spumay
Humor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva,
issuing from the mouth. This drivelingy or,
elaveringy (q. V.) we see in children, old peo-
ple, &c. The term is, also, applied to the
frothy liquid, which flows from the mouth of
rabid animals. Sauvages uses it synonymously
with salivation.
BAT, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca— b. Rose,
Rhododendron chrysanthemum-^b. Sweet, Lau-
ras — ^b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. maero-
phylla.
BDALSIS, Sucking.
BDELLA, Hirudo.
BDEL^LIUM, Myrrkaimperfee'tay'Bolehony
Mctdeleony Balehus. A gum-resin, brought
from the Levant and India, and supposed to be
obtained from a species of Amyris, Uttle known.
It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of
an acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It
was much vaunted by the ancients, but is now
little employed. Two different gum-resins
have been in the shops distinguished by the
names Indian and African bdellium, Br.
Royle was informed that the former was ob-
tained f^om An^'fris Commiph'ara, growing in
India and Madagascar. The latter is said to
be from Heudelo'tia Afriea*nay which grows in
Senegal.
BDELLOM'ETER, from /9a«22«, <a leech,'
and M*T<*'> 'measure.' ^ An instrument, pro-
posed as a substitute for the leech; inasmuch as
we can tell the quantity of blood obtained by
it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It consists
of a cupping-glass, t« which a scarificator and
azhausting syringe are attached.
BDELLUS, Fart.
BDELYGMIA, Fart.
BDELYGMTJS, Fart.
BDESMA, Flatulence.
BDOLUS, Fart.
BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach.
BEAN, CARTHAGENA, HabiUa de Car-
thagena — ^b. Egyptian, Nymphaea nelumbo— b.
French, Phaseolus vulgaris — ^b. Garden, com-
mon, Yieia fhbo— b* Kidney, Phaseolus vulga-
ris-— b. Malacca, A vicennia tomentoaar^. Pan*
tic, Nymphasa nelttmbo*-b. Red, Abrna precar
torius— rb. Sacred, Nelumbinm luteum^ — b. St.
Ignatius's, Ignatia amara— b. Trefoil tree, see
Cytisine.
BEAN TREE, WHITE, Gratagus aria.
BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
BEARD, Barba, PogoUy Genei'on, Barbi*ti-
um, (F.) Barbe. The hair which covers a part of
the cheeks, the lips, and chin of the male sex,
at the age of puberty.
BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus mollis— b.
Foot, Helleborus fcetidus— b. Fright, Heptallon
graveolens— b. Whortleberry, Arbutua uva
ursi.
BEARWEED, Yeratrum viride.
BEASTINGS, Colostrum.
BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart.
BEAUGENC Y, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Or-
leans. The waters contain subcarbonate of
soda, iron, magnesia, and lime. They aere tonic
and aperient.
BEAUMONT ROOT, GUlenia trifoliata.
BEAUYAIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters are chalybeate. Beauvaia is in
Pieardie,
BE AYER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Magnolia
glauca— b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla.
BEBEERIA, see ^ebeeru.
BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru.
BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui-
ana, Which yields two alkalies — Bebeerin, Be-
beeri'na, Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine; and in its
properties resembles the Cinchona. It has been
referred to Noctan'dra Rodiei, The timber of
the tree is known to ship builders by the name
greenheart. The Sulphate o/Bebeerin has been
employed in intermittents.
BEC, (F.) Rostrum, (q. v.) Beak. This name
has been applied to various parts.
BEC CORACOII>IEN,{¥.) Cor*acoidbeai,
is the end of the coracoid process. Bee de la
plume a eerire, (F.) BeaJh of the Calamus Scrip-
to'riusy is a small cavity at the superior part of
the medulla oblongata, which forms part of the
4th ventricle.
BEC BE CXTILLERy Htmfulue, An instru-
ment used for the extraction of balls. It con-
sists of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having
iX one eztremitv a small cavity, into which the
ball is received to be drawn outwards. Sea
Cochleariforaus.
BEC DE GRUE MXTSQUA, Geranium Mos-
chatum — ft. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Ro-
bertianum — b, de Likvre, Harelip.
BEC (Lb,) mineral WATERS OF. Bee
is six leagues from Rouen in Normandy. The
water is strongly chalybeate.
BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga.
BECHiESTHE'SIS, from fitj^, 'cough,' and
ai0^ijrif , < sensation.' The excitement or desire
to cough.
BECHIA, Tussis.
BECHIAS, Tussis.
BE'CHIC, Be'chieay Seeha, Be&ekiea, Be'-
chitoy from jiq^, < cough,' (F.) Biehigue* Me-
dicines adapted for allaying cough.
BECHITA, Bechic.
BECHIUM, Tussilago.
BECHORTHOPNCEA, Pertussis.
BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
BED'EGAR, Bedeguar^ Bedeguard; Spon-
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF 109
BENEDICTUM
gia Cynos'haitj Fungu* Rosa'rum^ F» Cynos^-
iaiif (F.) Pomme mou^snUe, sponge d^eglan-
tier. An excreseence, which makes its appear-
ance on different species of wild roses, and which
is produced by the ponctnre of a small insect, —
the Cyniys Rmib, It was formerly employed
as a lithontripticand vermifuge, but is not now
used. It was slightly astringent.
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bedford is a Tillage, situate on the great West-
ern Turnpike road from PhiladelpUa Ko Pitts-
burg, a few milea east of the chief elevation of
the Alleghany mountains. There are various
springs, saline, chalybeate and sulphureous.—
The most celebrated contains carbonic acid,
sulphate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium and
calcium, and carbonate of iron. ^
BEDSTRAW, Galium verum— b. Ladies,
greater, Galium moUugo, Galium ^erum.
BEE, Smx^,\)eo.ApisyMelU'tayM€littay (F.)
AbeUU* This insect was formerly exhibited,
when dried and powdered, as a diuretic*
BEEBREAD, Propolis.
BEECH, Fagns sylvatica— b. Drop, Oroban-
che Virginiana — ^b. Albany, Pterospora Andro-
medea — ^b. Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
BEER, Cerevisia— b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola
nmbelli|ta«
BEET, Beta.
BiGAIEMENTy Balbuties.
BEGMA, (SnYf^y according to some Bregma^
Pviffta, from|h^r0vi>or ^i^osiv, <to expectorate
after coughing.' Cougmng ; also, the sputum or
expectorated matter^ — Hippocrates.
BEGONIA. The Begonia grandifio'ra and
B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are
used in Pern in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy,
bw fevers, &c.
BtGUE, Balbus.
BEBEN ABIAJOy Centaurea behen— 5. Al-
bum, Centanrea behen — b. Officinarum, Cucu-
bal nsbe hen — A. Rouge, Statice limonium.
BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium.
BEIAHALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum.
BEIDELSAR, Asclepias proceia.
BEJUIO, Habilk de Carthagena.
BELA-ATE or BE-LAHE. A tonic and
astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-pe-
tit-TlMuars and Sonnerat think it may be sub-
stituted for the Simarouba.
BEL AD AMBOC . A species of convolvulus
of the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid
milky juice. From this a liniment is formed
with oil and ginger, which is used against the
bites of rabid animals.
BE-LAHE, Bela-aye.
BEL A-MODAG AM. A kind of Seavola of
the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con-
sidered diuretic and emmenagogue.-
BELANDKE, (F.) A Utter, surrounded
with curtains, in which patients are sometimes
carried to hospitals.
BELCHING, Eructation.
BELEMNOID, Belenoid.
BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-
BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID,.BEL'EMNOID
or BEL'OID, Belenoi^des or Behmftoi'des Pro-
ee/sus, from |9f 2«c, 'an arrow,' and ii^c, 'shape.'
This name has been given to the styloid pro-
cesses in general — Processus helencrL'des.
BELESON, Balsam, Musssnda frondosa*
BELILLA, Muasmda frondosa.
BELINtJM, Apinm Graveolens.
BELI OCULUS, Belloculus.
BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula tra-
chelium.
BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopeia of
the United States, is the officinal name of the
leaves of Atropa Belladonna, (q. v.)
BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna.
BELLEGU, Myrobalanus.
BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus.
BELLESME, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bellesme is about three leagues from Montagne
in Ff abce. The waters are chalybeate.
BELLET, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
waters at Belief, department of Ain, in France,
are saline aperients.
BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum*'.
BELLIS, Bellus ('pretty,') B, peren'nts, B.
fiUnor, Bruisewort, Common Daisy, (F.) Po-
^uertUe vivace, petite Marguerite » The leaves
and flowers are rather acrid. They were, at
one time, considered to cure different species of
wounds. It is called also Sym'phytum min'»
Bxujs MjlJob, Chrysanthemum leucantbe*
mum.
BELL METAL, Cal'eocos, (F.) Airain,
Metal des eloekes. An alloy of copper, zinc,
tin, and a small quantity of antimony, used for
making bells. The mortars of the apothecary
are often formed of this material. They re«
quire to be kepi dean, to avoid the formation
of verdigris.
BELLOCULUS, BeH Oo'ulus, A kind of
gem, which the Assyrians considered effica-
cious in the eure of many diseases. They ima-
gined that the figure of an eye could be seen in
it, and hence its name, Bel^s Eye,
BELLON^ Colic, metallic.
BELLOTAS, see Ilex major.
BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de soujfiet^h.
Encephalic, see Bruit de souffiet — b. Placental,
Bruit plaeentaire,
BELLUS, Belli*.
BELLY-ACHE, Colicar^b. Dry, Colic, me-
tallic — ^b. Root, Angelica lucida.
BELLY-BAND» Belt, Russian.
BELMUSCHUS, Hibiscus abelAioschus.
BELNILEG, Myrobalanus. .
BELOID, Belenoid.
BELOIDES PR0CESSUS,Styloidprocet8es.
BELONE, Needle.
BELONODES, Styloid.
BELONOID, Belenoid.-
BEL'S EYE, Belloculus.
BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventrafli, vulgarly, Bel-
ly-hand. Abdominal supporter. A broad ban-
(&ge applied to the abdomen, so as to support,
and make methodical pressure upon it.
BELUL'CUM, from fitXot, 'a dart,' and
'fU», 'I draw out.' An instrument used for
extracting darts or arrows. Many instruments
of this kind have been noticed by surgeons. —
Ambrose Par6, Fabricius ab Acquapendente«
BELZOE, Benjamin.
BELZOIM, Benjamin.
BELZOINUM, Benjamin.
BEN, Guilandina moringa — ^b. of Jadsa,
Benjamin — ^b. Nat, Guilandina moringa.
BENATH, Pustule.
I BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio
Isemue.
BiNiFKm
uo
IffiTA
BJtNAPICE DB LA NATURE, Benefi-
cium natunB— &. de VtUf^ jee Beneficium na-
tone.
BENEFICIUM NATU^iE, (F.) 2?«W/m
d0 la nature. This term is uied by the French
pethologUte, for cases, in which diseases have
got well without medical treatment. With
them, Bin4jh$ 44 nature, m B,de venire, is
synonymous also with Alv* Proftu'vium; — a
spontaneous diarrfacsa, often acting favourably
either in the prevention or cure of disease. '
BENEL, Croton raeemosum.
BENEOLENS, from bsM, 'well/ and
oUrt, <to smell.' Euo'dee, Suaveolens, A
sweet-scented medicine, as gums, &c.
BEN6, Bangue.
BEN6ALE INDORUM, Calsuamniar.
BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar.
BENOI, Hyoscyamus.
BENIGN', Benig^nut, Euetk'es, (F.) Bdnin,
BinigTu, Diseases of a mild character are so
called : as well as med^cipes whose action
not violent, as a Benign Fever, PehrU Unig'na
impuftrie, &c.
BENIN, Benign.
BEN'JAMIN, Btn'gQtn, Benzo'innm, (Ph<
U. S.) Benzo'tnum verum, Benzo'inum, Aesa
odorafta, Benjui, Benfuin, A»sa duleia, Ben'-
Jaoy, B9njo*inmn, Belzoi, Beiz&im, Ben*go9,
Stf'raeie Benxo'ini Bal^eamum, Liquor Cyre»
mfaeue, Croton Benzoi, Ben of Judm'a, Aeor
Bonzi/inus, 8cU A^'idwn seu eetentia^U seu
volafUi Benzoics, (F.) Benioin, Baume Benjoin,
Aeta doux. A resinous, dry, brittle substance,
obtained from Styrax Benzoin, Arbor Benivi,
of Sumatra. The odour is extremely fragrant,
and taste slightly aromatic. It is jmneipaliy
used for the preparation of the acid which it
contains. It is also employed in some vulne-
rary tinctures, and as an expectorant. Benzoic
Acid, A^'idum B^nzo'ieum, is obtained from it
by sublimation. The purest Benjamin is in
amygdaloid masses: hence called (F.) Bsnjoin
amfgdalolde.
Bxm'jaxiii, Flo wees or, Benzo'io Add,
Ae"idum B&nzo'icum, JPlores Ssnzois, Flores
Benzo'ini, Ac"idum Bsnzo'isum per suhlima-
Uo'nem, (F.) Aeide Benzoiqus. This acid ex-
ists in all ^ balsams, but chiefly in Benzoin,
from which it is obtained by sublimation. It
is in vanilla, canella, the urine of infants,
and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is aro-
matic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidulous,
and agreeable. The crystals consist of white,
satiny flakes, slightly mietlle. It is probably
stimulant; and hu been used, as such, in chronic
catarrh; but it has httle eiRcacy.
BENJA07, Benjamin.
BENJOINUM, Benjamin.
BENJUI, Benjamin.
BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An
alexipharmic decoction is made of its roots, in
the country, v^ich is much praised in cases of
malignant fever. Its bark, boiled with CoUih
mut aromatieus and salt, forms a decoction
used in bites of poisonous serpents.
BENNE, Sesamum orientale.
BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum and G.
Tirginianum.
BENOiTE, Geum urbanum-4. Aquatiqus,
Geum rivale— h, dee RuisseauXt Geum rivale
— b, ds VirginUy Geum Yirginianum.
BENZOE, Benjamin.
BENZOENIL, VanUla.
BENZOIN, Benjamin— b. Odorifemm, Lan-
ms Benzoin.
BERBERINE, see Oxrcantha Galeni.
BERBERIS, Oxvcantha Galeni— b. Cstt-
denais, see Oxvcantha Galani.
BERCE, Heracleum spondylium.
BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum*
BERENICE, Succinum.
BERENICIUM, Potasss nitras.
BERENISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BERGAMOTE, Bergamot'ta, (F.) Bsrgth
motte. A small orange, of a Yery agreeable
taste ; and peculiar odour. From its bark sd
oil, Olsum Berga'mU, (Ph. U. S.) is obtained,
which is much employed as a perfiime, and
sometimes in medicme.
BERIBERI, Beribe'ria, Syn'elonms Bertie'^
ria, Indosyn'elonus, Paral'ysis Ber*iberi, from
beri in the Singhalese language, which aignifiei
< weakness;' therefore, beriUri, < great weak-
ness.' This word is also said to be Hinda-
sthanee, and to mean a #ib«0j9.-^Bontius. Beri-
beri is an Indian disease, little known in En-
rope. It consists in debility and tremors of
the liijibsr-'Semetimes, indeed, of the vdiole
body; with painful numbness of the sdiected
parts, &C.: — ^the patient walking doubled; «ad
imitating the movements of sheep! Some au-
thors have esteenied it rheumatic; otiiers, para-
lytic ; others, to be a kind of chorea. It is, al-
most always, incurable ; is rarely fatal; and is
treated by exercise, stimulant frictions, sodori-
fics, &c. It is sometimes called Bar^bizrs, but
this would seem to be a different disease.
BERICOCCE, Prunusarmeniaca.
BERLE NODIPLORE, Slum,
BERLXTE, Metamorphopsia.
BERMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pnlmonary
invalids are occasionally sent to Bermoda, but
the principal objection to a winter residence
there, is the prevalence of strong winds ; espe-
ciallv of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west
winds, durinc tlie winter and spring. Still, it
affords a good winter retreat for the phthisicd,
from any part of the United States, provided
due- care be selected in choosing a suitable lo-
cality. The neighbourhood of Hamilton has
been strongly recommended with this view.
BERNARD THE HERMIT, CanceUns.
BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermum eoc-
cuius — ^b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
BERS. A sort of electuary* composed. of
pepper, seed of the white fayoscyainus, opium,
euphorbium, safiron, &c. The Egyptians used
it as an. excitant. — Prospero Alpini.
BERU,MINERAL WATERSOF. Beraisin
Champagne, France. The waters are slightly
chalybeate.
BESASA, Ruta.
BESICLES, Spectacles.
BESOIN, Want— ^. de Reapirer, see Want
— b. de la Vie, Necessary of life.
BESSANEM. A word used by Avicenna,
for redness of the skin, limbs, and fince) pro-
doeed by the action of cold.
IIISV^, is««Gemenus.
BETA. The Beet, Sie'ula, (F.) Bms^JBet-
terave, jPomm^, Chenopoden. Seo!,Syet,Peik'
tandria Dig3mia. A genus of plants, of which
the following are the chief varieties.
BETEL
111
BEZOARDICUM
Beta Ht'brida, Root of Scarcity . Root red,
(Hitside; white, within. Very natritive; yields
sugar.
Beta Yttloa'ris Alba, White Sect. TThe
root yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a
snhstitute for spinach.
Beta Yui^A'ais Rttiisa, Red Beet. Root red
and nntritive; yields a small quantity of sugar.
BETEL, Piper BeteL A species of pepper,
cultiTSted in several parts of India. The In-
draos sre in the habit of chewmg the leaves
with lime and areca; and they give the name
Betel to this preparation. It is used in all the
eqnatoriftl countries of Asia. Betel is said to
be tonic and astringent. It is also called Bette^
Bitre , Betl e. See Areca.
BETHROOT, Trillium latifoliuro—b. Broad-
leaf, Trillium latifolium.
BATISE, Dementia.
MTOINB, Betonica officinalis--^, dee Mon-
tagnee^ Amica xnontana — h, dee S(tvoffardey
Anuca montana.
B^2Y7iV, Coloetnmi.
BETONICA AQUATICA; 3crophnlaria
aqoatica.
Beton'ica Offxciha'lis^ Ceatron^ Betonfiea
fwrpu'rea^ Veton^ica Cordi, fcc, Bet*anf, Wood
Betonpy Psychot'rophuimy Veroni'ca purpu^rea^
{f.)BHoine, Family, LMaXtB. Se».Syet, Didy-
ramia Gymnospermia. Betony Was in muck
esteem amongst the ancients, who employed
the flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout,
sciatica, cephalalgia, &c. It was so cidled,
according to Pliny, from being in great repute
among the Yettones, or Bettones, an ancient
peopte of Spain. Antonius Musa is said to have
written a volume in praise of it; recommending
it in no less than 47 different diseases. It has,
however, little or no virtue. The leaves are
said to be aperient, and the root emetic.
BiToificA Pauli, Yeronica.
BETONY, Betonica officinalis— b. PanPs,
Lycopna Yirginicus — ^b. Water, Scrophularia
aqnatica— b. Wood, Betoniea officinalis.
BkTRE, Betel.
BETTEy Beta.
BETTERAVE, Beta.
BETULA ALBA. The Birch, (F.) Bon-
ffou eommun. The young leaves are slightly
odorons, astringent, and bitter. They are ap-
plied to wounds and ulcers. They have been
regarded as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic.
The tree furnishes a saccharine juice, which is
considered antiscorbutic and diuretic.
BsTuiji Lbnta) Se^eet Birch, Black Birch,
Cherry Birch, Monntain Mahogany, is an
American species, the bark aAd leaves of whieh
^▼e the smell and taste of (raultheria procum-
l>«nS' An infusion is sometimes made of them,
and used as an excitant and diaphoretic. The
volatile oil is nearly if not wholly identical
with that of Gaultheria.
BEURRE, Butter— 5. de Bamhouc, Butter
of bambone— 6. de Cacao, Butter of cacao-^.
*<« Coco, Butter of cocoa— d. Vegetate, Persea
gitisBima.
BEUVRIGNT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
wnvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeuz in Nor-
o»ndv. The vwiter is chalybeate.
BtVTTE, Diplopia.
BEX, Tussi*— b. ConvuUiva, Pertussis — ^b.
Hninida, Expectoration— b. Theriodes, Per-
BEXIS, Tnssis.
BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative
root was formerly introduced into ^urope
from Peru. It is supposed to have been the
root of a Hlppocratea.
BEZ'OAR, Bes^aar, Bea^ehard, Pa'zahar,
from Persian Pa, * against,^ and zahar, < poi-
son.' Ijapie Bezoar'dicus, Cal*ctUue Best! oar,
Enterol'ithtu Bezoar'dus, Bezoard. A calcu-
lous concretion, found in the stomach, intes-
tines, and bladder of .animals. Wonderful vir-
tues were formerly attributed to these Bezoars.
There were two great varieties: the Bez*oar
orierUa'U, An'imal Bezoar^ticum oricTUe^li,
formed in the fourth stonxach of the gazelle of
India {Gazel'la In'dicd, or rather Antil'opl cer-
vica'pra ;) and the Bez'oar oceidenta'U, Animal
Bezoar'ticum oceidentafli, found in the fourth
stomach of the wild goat or chamoie of Peru.
These substances were esteemed to be power-
ful alezipharmics ; but the former was the more
valued. It was believed, that no poison, and
no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease could
resist its influence. As so many virtue^ were
ascribed to' it, other animal concretions were
substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were
made of crab's eyes and claws, bruised and
mixed with musk, ambergris, &c.
Bxz'oAR Bovi'wuM, (F.) Bizoard de Betuf,
Bezoard of the beef, A concretion formed in
the fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary
calculus found in the gall-bladder.
BxzoAE EQ17INT7M, Bczoard of the horse — b.
Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
Bxz'oARD OF Cathan. This was once much
prized. It is now unknown.
BAZOABD d'ALLEMAGNE, JBgagro-
phila.
Bkz'oard of the Chamois, Horsb, Bezoar
equifnum, Hippofithue^ &c., exhibits its origin
in the name.
Bez'oahj) of thx Indian Por'cvpinx, Bez-
oar Hye'trieie, Lapie Porci'nue, Lapis Malu-
con'sis, Petro del Poreo, (F.) Bezoard de Pore
Epic, was formerly the dearest of all the Be-
zoards, and was sold at an. enormous price in
Spain and Portugal.
Bbz'oaiu> Mineral, Antimoninm diaphoreti-
cum — ^b. Vegetable, see Calappite.
BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dieue, (F.) Bizoar^
dique; concerning the bezoard. Bezoard ic
medicines are those supposed to possess the
same properties with the bezoard; as antidotes,
alexiteria, alexipharmics, icordials.
BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra-
yerva.
BEZOARDICUM SATUROT. A pharma-
ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients
as antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of
lead, butter of antiinony, and nitric acid.
Bbzoar'dicum Huka'ntjm. Urinary calculi
were formerly employed under this name as
powerful alexipharmics^
Bxzoar'dicum Jovia 'lr. a sort of greenish
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of
antimony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
Bezoar'dicitm LuNA'Rfi. A medicine for-
merly regarded as a specific in epilepsy, con-
vulsions, megrim, &c. It was prepared of ni-
trate of silver, and butter of antimony.
Bbzoar'd^ux Martia'lX. A tonic medi-
cine, used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was
BI
119
BILE
prepared from the tntoxide of iron and batter
of antimony.
Bbzoar'dicum M£RCURiA'Li. A medicine,
formerly vaonted as an antisyphilitic, and pre-
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, but-
ter of antimony, and nitric acid.
BxzoAB^DXCuM Miicbra'le; the deutozide of
antimony; so called, because its properties
were suppiosed to resemble those of animal be-
zoard.
Bbzoar'dioux SoLA'ai. A diaphoretic me-
dicine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and
butter of antimony.
Bezoar^icum Vsif ^srxs. a pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in lepra, dis-
eases of the brain, &c.; and which was made
from filings of copper, butter of antimony, and
nitric acid.
BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signi-
fication as Di.
BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati.
BIBITORIUS, Rectus intemus ocnli.
BIBLIOGRAPHY, MEDICAL, firom/J»/W»<,
< a book,* and rco9«, < I describe.' . Skill in the
knowledge of medical books. The' most distin-
guished medical biographers have been : J. A.
Van dkr Lindrn, Amstelod. 1662, 8vo. (L.)
M. Lxpxnius, Francf. ad Mom. 1679, fol. (L.)
G. A. Mkrckuin, Norimb. 16U6, (L.) J. J.
Manoet, Genev. 16^ to 1731 , (L.) Tarxn (ana-
tomical,) Paris, 1753, (F.) A. ton Hallsr,
Zurich, 1774, &c. (L.) Vioiliis von Crkut-
ZENFELD (surgical,) Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G.
KuHN, Lips. 1794, (L.) C. L. Schweickasd
(anat., phys., and legal medicine,) Stuttgard,
1796 to l»00, (L.) G. G. Ploucquet, Tubing.
IdOU to 1814,(L.) C.F.BuRDACH,Gotha, 1810
to 1821. (G.) J. S. Erscb, (since 1750,) Leipz.
1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany,
since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) J. B. Mont-
pa lcon, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, M. D.,
F. R. S., London, 1835. A. G. P. Callisen,
Copenhagen, 1845, (G.)
BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
BICAUDATUS, CatMJa'ttM, 'doable-tailed.'
A monster having two tails.
BICEPHA'LIUM, DicBpka'Hum. A hybrid
word, from H and ki^aA^, < head.' Sauvages
applies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on
the head, which seems to form a double head.
BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
BICEPS, from M«, * twice,' and axpuf , < head.'
That which has two heads. This name has
been particularly given to two muscles; one
belonging to the arm, the other to the thigh.
Biceps Exter'nus, Mus'oulus. The long
portion of the Triceps Braehia'lu, — ^Douglas.
Biceps Flexor Cruris, Biceps Cruris^ Bi-
cepsy (F.) Biceps Crurai, Biceps Fem'oriSy Is'-
chio'fem'oro pironier — (Ch.) A muscle on the
posterior part of the thigh; one head arising
from the tuberosity of the ischium, and the
other from a great part of the linea aspera. It
is inserted into the top of the fibula. It serves
to bend the leg on the thigh.
Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps Bra'ckU,
Cor'aco'Tadia'lis, BieepSy Biceps maniiSy Bi^
eeps itue/nuSy Biceps inter' 7ius hu'tneri, (F.)
Seapulo-radial, (Ch.,) — Biceps Brachial, A
muscle, situate at the anterior and internal part
of the arm; extending from the edge of the gle-
noid cavity and from the top of the coracoid
process to the tuberosity of tha radios. It
bends the fore^arm upon the arm.
BICHE DE MERy Sea Slug. A moUus-
cous animal belonging to the genua Holothuria,
which is caught amongst the islands of the
Feejee group. New Guinea, &c., and when pre-
pared finds a ready sale in Chma, where it is
used as an ingredient in rich soupa.
BICHETy Terra Orleana.
BICHICHli£. Pectoral medieinea> com-
posed of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched al-
monds, &c. — Rhazes.
BICHIOS^Dracunculus.
BICHO, Diacunculus— b. di Culoj Pxocto-
cace.
BICHOS. A Portuguese name for the ipromB
that get under the toes of peojple in the Indies ;
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cash-
ew nut.
BICIPITAL, from hiceps {his and aaput)
* two-headed.' Relating to the biceps.
Bicip'iTAL Groove, (F.) Coulisse on Gout-
Hire HeipitalCy Coulisse kumerale, (Ch.,) is a
longitudinal groove, situate between the tube-
rosities of the OS humeri, which lodges the long
head of the biceps.
Bicip'iTAL Tu'BERCLB, Bicipital tuteros'iify
(F.) Tuberosite bidpitale; — a prominence near
the upper extremity of the radius, to which the
tendon of the biceps is attached.
BICORNE RVDEy Ditrachyceroi.
'SiQV%'Vl'i>yBicuspida'tusy from «*,« twice,'
and cuspisy ^a spear.' That which has two
points or tubercles.
Bicus'pin Teeth, Dentes Bienspida*ti^ (F.)
Derus Heuspidiesy the small molares. See
Molar.
BIECHO,Bische.
BlkREy Cerevisia.
BIESTINGS, Colustrum.
BIF£MORO'CALCANIEN,G%Atroctiem\\.
BIFURCA'TION, Bifurca'tioy from Hsy
* twice,* and furca, * a fork.* Division of a
trunk into two branches; as the bifurcation of
the traeheaj aorta, &c.
BIGASTER, Digastricus.
BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla.
BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tu-
bercula.
BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarka-
ble for the intensity and danger of the cerebral
symptoms. — Twinmg.
BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla.
BIGLESy see Strabismus.
BIGNONIA CATALPA, Catalpa.
Biono'nia In'dica. The leaves are em-
ployed in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
BIJON, eee Pinus sylvestris.
BILAZ AY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bi-
lazay is a town in France, two leagues from
Thouar, department of Deux Sevres, near
which is a thermal sulphureous spring. Tem-
perature about 77^ Fahrenheit.
BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus^b. Red,
Yaccinium vitis idasa.
BILE, Bilisy Fel, ChofoSy Choli, (F.) Bile,
Piel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, nau-
seous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is distin-
guished into hepat'ic and cystic ; according as
it flows immediately into the duodenum from
the liver or from the gall-bladder. It containa,
according to Muratori, water, a peculiar &tty
matter, colouring matter, {Cholepyr'rhin or Bi-
BILIARY
113
BISMUTH
lipkm^in,^ dioleiterin eombined with soda;
picromel or hiiin; extract of flesh, mucus;
soda, phosphate of soda; phosphate of lime, and
chloride of sodium.
The use of the bile is to remove from the
body saperfloous hydro-carbon; and it is pro-
bably insenrient to useful purposes in digestion.
BiLM, Furuncttlus — ^b. Black, Atrabilis— 6. de
Baufj see Bile— 6. Repandue, Icterus.
BiUB OF THS Bear, Gall of thit Bear^ Fel
Urjn, was thought to be antiepileptic; and that
of the Bei^ Fel anguiTlay to facilitate labour.
B11.B OP TBS Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox GeUl,
Fel Tauriy Fel Bovis, F. Bovt^num, (F.) Bile
ds Bumfy was once reputed cosmetic and deter-
gent, anti-otalgic and emmenacogue ; as well,
as to possess the power of faciutating labour
It has also been giTen as a bitter stomachic and
ftnthelmintic; and recently, as a tonic and laxa-
tive, in cases of deficiency of the biliary secre-
tion.
BILIARY, Bilia'riey Bilia'rius, Pel'leus.
That which relates to bile.
Bii.'la&t Appara'tus, B, organ*, B, pas-
sages. The collection of parts that concur in
the secretion and excretion of bile : — ^viz. the
liver, porl biliarii or tub'uli bili/eri; hi;patic,
cystic, and choledoch ducts and gall-bladder.
Bii.'iART Comcrx'tions are Concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apjparatns*
BiLLART Ducts, Fori biliarii.
BlLJEUXj Bilious.
BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILIN, Picromel.
BILIOUS, BUio'sus, Ckol'icus, Chol'iue,
Ffiin'eusy Epieh'oloa, Pieroeh*olo», Fel'leus,
( F. ) Bilieux, That which relates to bile, con-
tains bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet
given to certain constitutions and diseases,
which are believed to be the effect of supera-
bundance of the biliary secretion 1 as BUious
temperament y B, symptoms , B, fever*
BILIPH^IN, see Bile.
BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus.
BILIVERD'IN, from BUis, *bile,' and viri-
disy < green.' On adding an acid to a solution
of the yellow colouring matter of bile, a pre-
cipitate of green flocculi takes place, which
possesses all the properties of chlorophyll, or
the green colouring matter of leaves. This is
the hUiverdin of Berzelius.
BILUMBI BITING-BING, Mains Indica.
BI'MANUS, from bis and manusy < a hand.'
One that has two hands. A term applied only
to man, because he is the sole mammiferous
animal that possesses two perfect hands.
BIPmER, Bandage.
BI!>n)WEED, Polygonum aviculare— b. Fid-
dle-leaved, Convolvultis panduratus — b. Great,
Convolvulus sepium — ^b. Lavender-leaved, Con-
volvulus Cantabrica — ^b. Sea, Convolvulus solda-
nella — ^b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus. ^
BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria.
l!XSOCnjl,V%yB%ni>cleyDio^hal'miea Fas'-
eia, 0/ulis duplex, from Hsy ^twice,'and oeulus,
' an eye.' (F.) (Eil double. A bandage applied
oTer both eyes. It was, also, formerly called
I>iopktAai'mus,
BIX'SICA. Disorder of the mind. Accord-
in; to Yah Hejlmont, an atrophy of the organ
of imagination.
BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
B10J)YNAM'lCS,Biodynam'ieayBiodynam'-
ieiy Biosoph'iayttora ^tot, Uife,' and ^o^i^,
^ power,' < force.' The doctrine of the vital ac-
tivity, or forces.
BlOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
BIOLOGY, Physiology.
BIOLYCHNION, Animal heat.
BIOLYCH'NIUM, from /9ioc, <life,' and
Xv/tiovy <a lamp.' Innate neat, vital heat.
Lyeh'niumy Lgehnid*iumy Tksrmum em'phytumy
FlammdMiaFlam*mMlavita*lis seu cordis. Also,
a secret preparation of which Beovin and Bur-
oRAvx make mention.
BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
BIOPHiENOMONELOGlA, Physiology.
BIOS, §toi. Life, (q. v.) Also, what is ne-
cessary for the preservation of life.
BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics.
BIOTE, Life.
BIOTHAN'ATI, Biaiothan'oUy from ^10^,
< life,' and ^ovaroc, < death.' Those who die of
a violent death, very suddenly, or as if there
was no sjpace between life and death.
BIOTICS, Physiology.
BIOTOMIA, Vivisection.
BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture.
BIR, Thorax.
BIRA, Cerevisia.
BIRCH, Betula alba— b. Black, Betuia lenta
— b. Cherry, Betula lentSr-b. Sweet, Betnia
lenta.
BIRTH, CROSS, Presentation, preternatural.
BIRtHWORT, Aristolochia— b. Snakeroot,
Aristolochia serpentaria.
BISCHE, Bieeho. A malignant kind of dy-
sentery, which often prevails in the island of
Trinidad.
BISCUIT, Biseoc'tus, < twice baked.' A
kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va-
riously made; and, when without eggs or butter,
is easy of digestion. It was formerly caUed
Dipyri'tesy and Di^pyros.
BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea.
BISFERIENS, Dicrotus.
BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi.
BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
BISMALVA, Althea.
BISMUTH, Bismu'thumyWismuUkumyBeg'-
ulus of Bis'muthy Mareasi'tOy Tin glass y (F.)
£tain grisy E, de Glaee. A metal, in spicular
plates, of a yellowish-white colour ; s. gr. 9.832;
fusible at 400^ Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at
a high temperature. It is used only in the pre-
paration of the subnitrate.
Bismuth, Oxtd of. Bismuth, Subnitrate o^
b. Regulus of, Bismuth.
Bismuth, Sdbni'trate of, MareasiHa eUba,
Plumbum eifie'reu9ty Magiste'rium Mareasi'tes
seu Bismuthiy Bismu'tkum Nit^rieum, B, Sub-
fiit'rieumyNitras Subbismu'tkicumy Nitras Bis-
muthiy Calx Vismu^thi, Bismu^thum oxydtUa*-
tum albumy Oxyd of Bismuthy Mag"istery of
Bismuthy Pearl WhitSy Spanish WhitSy (F.)
Sousnitrate de bismvthy Oxide blanc de j9.,
Blane de fard, Blane de perle. {Bismuth, in
frustulis, }j. Acid nitric, f. ^^iss. Aq. destill.
q. s. Mix a fiuidounce of distilled water with
die nitric acid, and dissolve the bismuth in the
mixture. When the solution is complete, pour
the elear liquor into three pinta of distilled
water, and set the mixture by, tluit the powder
may subside. Lastly, having poured off the
BISBIUTBI NITRAS
114
blapabd
lapernatant fiaid, wash the sabnitrate of Bismtith
with distillefd water, wrap it in bibulous paper,
■nd dry it with a gentle heat. Ph. U. S.) It
is considered to be tonic and antispasmodic^ and
has been chiefly used in gastrodynia.
BISMUTH! NITRAS,Bi8muth,8ubnitrateof.
BISMUTHUM, Bismuth— b. Nitricum, Bis-
muth, snbnitrate of— b. Ozydalatom Albmn,
Bismuth, subnitrate of— b. Subnitricmn, Bis-
muth, subnitrate of.
BISPIRUS, Dipnoos.
BISSUS. The silky filaments which fix the
Pinna Mariana to the rocks. In Italy and Cor-
sica, clothes are made of these, which are con-
sidered to favour perspiration, and are recom-
mended to be worn next the skin in rheuma-
tism, gout, &c.^— See Byssus.
BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bU-
torta.
BISTORT A, Polygonum bistorta-
SISTOR TIER, (F.) A name given, by tbe
Pharmaeien, to a long wooden pestle used for
reducing soft substances to powder, and in the
preparation of electuaries.
BI8TOXmi,{Y,) PistoHen'sisgla'diusyScal'
pel'lus, Seal'peum, Bistoury. A small cut-
ting-knife, used in surgery, — so called, accord-
ing to Huet. from the town of Pistori, which
was fotmerfy celebrated for the manu&cture
of those instruments. A bistoury has the form
of a small knife, and is composed of a blade and
handle. The blade, which \b most conmionly
movable in tbe handle, may be fixed by a but-
ton, spring, frc. When fixed in the handle, the
bistouri is called by the French, B. 6, lame fixe
on dormante.
The chief bistouries are: — I. The steaioht
B. (F.) B, droit, in which the blade and cutting
edge are straight, the point being fine, round,
or square. 2. The convex B. (F.) B, eonvexe;
the blade of which is convex at the cutting
edge, concave at the back. 3. The concave
B. (F.) B, eoneave; the blade of which is con-
cave at its edge, and convex at the back. 4.
BLUNT-POINTED B. (F.) B. hovtonni ; the blade
of which has a button at its extremity. 5. The.
BLUNT OE PEOBB-POINT^D BlStOUEI OF POTT;
concave at its cutting edge, and its point blunt;
so that it can be carried on the palmar surface
of the index finger, to divide the stricture, in
strangulated hernia. . Sir Astley Cooper has
recommended a useful modification of this, to
avoid wounding the intestine, should it come in
contact with the edge of the knife. His Bis-
touri has an edge of not more than eight lines
in length, situate about five lines from the point.
6. BisTouEi a LA LIME, (F.) is a straight Bis-
toury; the blade fixed in the handle, the extre-
oiity with a button, and the edge made with a
file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts. 7. Bis-
TouEt EOTAL, (F. ) A Bistouriused in opei ating
upon Louis XIV., forfistula in ano. 8. Bistouei
OA8TETQT7E, (F.) A Complicated instrument,
invented by Morand, for dilating wounds of the
abdomen. 9. Bistouei oacre, B. hemiaire,
OU Attrape'lourdaud de Biennaiae, Forceps de-
eepto*ria. A curved bistouri, the blade of which
is placed in a canula, i^ence it issues on press-
ing a spring.
The word Bistouri is used by the French, at^ v
times, where we would employ knife.
BIT NOBEN, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon,
Souokerloon, Khala mimue. A white, saline
substance, which is a Hindoo preparatioD of
great antiquity, and has been supposed to be
the Sal aephalti^tea and Sal Sodome'nus of the
ancients. It is used by the Hindoo in the pre-
vention or cure of almost all diseases.
BITHNIMAL'CA, Gas'teranax. Two mi-
meaning Words, used by Dolaeus, to designate
an active principle supposed to have its seat in the
stomach, and to preside over chymification^ fcc.
BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace.-
SITTER, Amarus— b. Bark, Pinckneya pn-
bens — ^b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holvt
Hiera picra— b. Redberry, Comus Florida — ^b.
Root, Apocynnm androscmifolium, Gentiana
Catesbsi, Menyanthes vema — b. Sweet night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara — ^b. Sweet vine, So-
ianum Dulcamara.
BIT'TERNESS, Amaritu'do, AmaritHesj Am-
a*r&ryPi^eria,(F.)Amertitme. A particular taste,
which belongs to many substances. In aome
diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the
mouth.
BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura CalnmbR
— b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianas compoaita — b.
Wine, Vinum gentians compositum.
BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamam.
BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida.
BITTER\^OOD TREE, Quassia.
BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief
symptom is an acute pain in the anus.— <7homeI.
BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltma-
b. Jadaicum, Asphaltum — ^b. of Judea, Aaphal-
tum — b. Petroleum, Petrolsum-^b. Malta, Piss-
asphaltum— b. Salt of, Bitnoben>-b. Solidum,
Asphaltum.'
Bl VENTER, Digastricu»— b. Cervicis, Com-
plexns muscalus — ^b. Maxillae, Digastricua.
BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL-
LUM, see Lobe, biventral.
BIXA ORLEANA, Terra Orleana.
BLABE, Wound.
BLACCI JS, Rubeola.
BLACIA, Debility.
BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rabos
fruticosus — ^b. Highor standbg, see Rubus fruti-
cosus.
BLACK DOSE, see Infusnm Semus com-
positum.
BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infuaum Senns
compositum.
BLACK DROP, Guttas nigne.
BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Leptandria
purpurea.
BLACKWATER, Pyrosis,
BLADDER, IRRITABLE, Cysterethismos.
BLADUM, BU.
BLiESITAS, Balbuties.
Bla'sitas, Blasa lingua. Some authors have
used this word as synonymous with stammering.
See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a
defect in pronunciations which consists in sub-
stituting soft consonants for those that are hard;
as the z for s, the n for t, the s for o and j, &c.
Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotes, (¥.)
BUsify BU (parler.)
BL^SOPODES, see Kyllosis.
BLiESOPUS, see Kyllosis.
BL^SUS. A distortion; especially the out-
ward distortion of the legs. Also, a stammerer.
BLAFARD,(¥.)Pallidus^allid'ulHe. This
epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when
pale and dull; but, most frequently, to the flesh
of a wound, when it has lost its colour, and be-
BLANC DE BALBINE
115
BLENNOHBHiEA
Aa otnt'
and
»wliite. The word 18) also, sometqiies Tiled
•ynonymoiislj wi^ Albino, (q. v.)
BLANC DE BALEINEy Cetneeom— 4. 4^tf
Pmrd, Bismuth, sabnitrate of-^. de I'CEtl, Scle
rode — A. d^(Eufy Albumen ovi — h, tU PerU^ Bis-
imith, sabnitnte of.
BLANC MANGERy (F.) Ciius Mu^^ Leu-
cophafgiwBty Leueopk'agumy Argyrotropke*ma,
Aa amoial lelly, so called on account of its
colour, combined with an emulsion of sweet
almonds, to which sugar has been added, and
some aromatic. It is sometimes prescribed as a
Botrient in convalescence and chronic diseases.
BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis.
BLANC RHAZIS, Blane-raisin.
ment eooposed of cerussa, white
alive eil.
BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas.
TO BLANCH,fTom (F.)A(0»MtV,' to whiten,
to bleach/ To deprive of the outer rind ; as < to
Uamek almonds;' i. e. to peel them.
BLANCHET,(¥.) Ablanket. Atermgiven,
hj the Frencb Pharmaciens, to the woollen
stzainer thnmgh which they filter sjrup and
other thick fluids. See, also, Aphdiae.
BLANCNON ORIBASn, Polypodium filix
BLAS. An unmeaning term, invented by
Van Helmoat to designate a kind of movement
ia the body; at times, local^— at others, under
estraneous influence. Thus, he speaks of the
Bias mettoras'af the heavenly bodies, and the
Bias kuma*num, that which operates in man.
BLAS Ay (F.) An epithet given to one whom
the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from any
longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure from it.
BLASTE'MA, BIoHb'm, from fihatrrafm, < I
bod.' Agerm,(q.v.) The sense of this word,
which is often used fay Hippocrates, is -obscure.
Castelli thinks it means the eruption of some
morbific principle at the varfaee of the body*
Also, the nntrix or general formative element
of tissoes.
BLASTODERMA, see Molecule.
BLATTA BYZANTIA, UHguis odora'ttUy
(F.) Blatu de B^sanee. This name seems, for-
merly, to have been given.to a marine produc-
tion from some of the Conchylia. It had an
agreeable smell, a reddish tint,* and the shape
of a nail. It was prescribed in epilepsy, hyste-
ria, and hepatic obstructions. Rondelet affirms
that it was the prodoction of the shell-fish «h»-
Ttx or purpura ; and tint the name Blatta is de-
rived from the Greek /riorrroc, ^ purple.'
BLAVELLEy Centaurea cyanus.
BLAV&OLEy Centaurea cyanus.
BLAVEROLLEy Centeurea cyanus.
BLAZING-STAR, Liatris.
BL£y Bladum. This word answers, in
France, to the word Com (q. v.) in England;
i. e. any kind of grain employed for making
bread. Wheat being most commonly used for
this pnrpoee, Bleis sometimes restricted to this.
Bli meteii is a mixture of wheat and rye.
BLA CQRNUy Ergot— &. d*Bspagney Zea
mays— £. d^ItalUy Zea Mays— 6. iVbtr, Polygo-
nam frgopyrum— ^. de Thtrquisy Zea, Mays.
BL£(PARLERy) Blesitas.
BLEABERRT, Vaccinium myrtilhis.
BLFJU)HIN6 LIQUID, Eau dejovUl^.
BLEAR EYE, Lippitodo.
BLEB, Bulla.
BLECHNON, Polypodimn flliz
BLECHNUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Aspkntnm
Scolopendrium— b. Squamosum^ Aspleninm ce>
teiaeh.
BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros.
BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior.
•BLECHROS, |fair;r€oc, f weak, feeble, slow.'
An epithet, applied to diflerent aflections, and
particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop^yray
<a slow fever:' BUehrosphyg^miay ^a slow
pulse.'
BLECHR08PHYGMIA, see Blechros.
BLED, Com.
BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Hasmorrhagia.
BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis
— b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum.
BLtMEy (F.) This word has nearly the
same signification as Blafard. Generally, how-
ever, it includes, also, emaciation of the coun-
tenance.
BLENNA, Mueus — b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
BLENNADENITIS, from fiXtrtay 'mucus,*
aSriry «a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of mucous follicles.
BLENNELYT'RIA, from |J^t»ir«, «mucus,'
and sxvrpoy, <a sheath.' A discharge of mucus
from the vagina. Leucerrhiea, (q. v.) — Alibert.
BLENNEM'ESIS. Slsnnoim'iisisyVom'itus
pUiUto*au9y from BUirtay ' mucus,' and •fss^tty
< vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus.
BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery.
BLENNISTH'MIA, from (fXtrray 'mucus,'
and ir^/i9ty <the gullet.' Increased flow of
mueus from the pharynx and larynx. — Alibert.
BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhosa, mucous.
BLENNOCYSTIDES, BursA mucosae.
BLENNODES, Muciform.
BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis.
BLENNOG"ENOUS, BUnnog'enusy Mueif^
icy MudfietMy from |91e»vtt, 'mucus,' and Y»^*uy
'I form.' Forming or generating mucus. Bre-
sehet and Roussel de Vauz^me describe an ap-
paratus of this kind for the secretion of the mu-
cous matter that constitutes the cuticle, com-
posed of a glandular parenchyma or organ of se*
cretion sitnate in the substance of the true skin,
and of excretory ducts, which issue from the
organ, and deposits themucous matter between
the papillae.
bLeNNOIDES, Muciform.
BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform.
BLENNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (pu-
rulent.)
BLENNOPTTSIS, from |Mfmf,and irrvmy *I
spit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh (q. v.)
BLENNOP'YRA,B/^ffno|»y'r»a,from ^\«»v«,
and nvfy ' fire.' Alibert has classed, under this
head, various fevers with mucous complica-
tions; as Mesentsrie /every Adeno-mefitngeal
/every Iec.
BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhcea^b. Geni-
talium, Leucorrbcea— b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spn-
riar— b. Spuria, Gonorrhcsa spuria.
BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her-
nia humoralis.
BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSEy Gonor-
rhoea spuria—i^. du Glandy Gonorrhoea spuria.
BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza.
BLENNORRHCE'A, Blennorrkoiy Blennor-
rhag^^iayPhlegvtorrh^B'ayFhlegmorrhag^'ia, from
jfiUvM, 'mucus,' and !»•», 'I flow.' Inordinate
secretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Go-
norrhoea.
BuHKOBBaoA. Cheokioa, (gleet,) see Go-
BLENNOSES
116
BLOOD
norrhffiar— b. OeniUliimiy LeucoTrhflear— b. Lu-
odes, Gonorrhcea imporar— b. Naaalis, Coryza —
b. Oculi, see Ophthalmia — ^b. Oculi gonorrhoica,
see Ophthalnua — ^b. Oculi neonatorum, see
Ophthidmia — ^b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthal-
mia — ^b. tJrethialis, Gonorrhcea — ^b. Urinalis,
Cystorrhoea — ^b. Ventriculi, 6a8trorrhj(Ba---b.
YesicaB, CystorrhtBa.
BLENNO'SES, from fiUyva, <nmcua.' Af-
fections of the mucous membranes. — Alibert.
BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumo-
nia notha — b. Chronicus, Asthma hmmdum.
BLENNOTORRHCEA, Otirrhcea.
BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhcea.
BLENNURIA, Cystorrhcea.
BLEPHARADENITIS, Oi^thalmia Tarsi.
BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS, BUphaH'Us
gangrtsno'tayCarlmncula'tio Oe'tdi* Gangre-
nous inflammation of the eyelids.
BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion.
BLEPHARIDES, Cilia.
BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplas-
tice.
BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi— b. Gan-
grsenosa, Blepharanthracosis.
BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA, Ophthal-
mia, purulent.
BLEPHARO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, Blepk-
aroayjideami'tia^ from ^;if^a{tt, < an eyelid,' and
conjunctiva. Ophthalmia affecting the con-
junctiva and eyelids.
BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A, from ifXf<p«^v»
the < eyelid,' dvc, 'with difficulty,' and jir^oa,
< colour.' Discoloration of the eyelid. NasYus
of the eyelid. — Von Ammon.
BLEPHARCEDEMA AQtTOSUM, Hydro-
blepharon.
BLEPHARON,Palpebrar-b. Atoniaton,Ble-
pharoptosis.
BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blephartmfeus, BU--
pharophy'ma^ Palpebra^rum Tv/mor^ from /}2«^-
«^ov, < eyelid,' and o^irof , < tumour.' A tumour
on the eyelid.
BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis.
BLEPHAROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia
tarsi — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia-*-b. Pu-
(ulenta, Blepharopyorrhcea.
BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDU-
LOSA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infimts.
BLEPIlAROPHTMA, Bkpharoncosis.
BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE, Bltpharidopltu'-
tici^ Insi^tio C%lio'rw»yiTom pXtpagov, 'the eye-
lid,' and wK*r^ix»(, ' forming,' ' formative*' The
formation of a new eyelid.
BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis.
BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, BUpkaroplc'gia^ Co-
9U9 peU'pebrcB supcrto^ris^ Dclap'sus pal'pehra^
Prolap'sus ptU'pebrtBy Propto'ait pat'pehra^
Pto'sia pcdfpebra^ Atoniaton Slepkaron, from
jSAffo^ov, <the eyelid,' and nrwatCf 'fall.' A
falling down of tne upper eyelid over the eye,
caused by a paralysis of the Levator palpebra
superioris muscle. This paralysis is an unfh-
vourable symptom, as it is generally connected
with a state of the brain favouring apoplexy or
palsy.
Blbpraroptosis Ect&opium, Ectropium— b.
Entropion, Entropion.
BLE^HAKOFYORKaCE'A^BUpharophthal''
miapunden'ta^Pyorrka'apal'pehrm^ from |9xi^
uQovy 'eyelid;' 7iwo», 'puis,' and ^•w, 'I flow.'
Secretion of put from the eyelids.
BLEPHARORRHCE'A, from lUtya^o?, < eye-
lid,' and fmy 'I flow.' A discharge of mnca
from the eyelids.
BLEPHAROSPAS^US: from plt^ai^,
' eyelid,' and anw/Ao^, ' spasm.' A spasmodic
action of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
BLEPHARO-SYNDESMITIS, Blepharo-
conjunctivitis.
BLEPH AROTIS,Ophthalmia tarsi— b.Gkn-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
BLEPHAROTITIS, O^thalmia tarsi.
BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectroplum.
BLEPHAROXYSTUM, BUpkarorys'trmm^
from.^aa^^oy, ' eyelid,' and (iw, * I scrape.' An
instrument used, by the ancients, for removing
callosities, which ouuie their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks> xf^x^fm* —
Paulus of .£2ina, Gorrans.
BLAaiTE, BlsBsitas.
BLESSURE, Abortion, Wound.
BLESTRISOtfUS. Restlessness of the- sick.
— Hippocrates.
BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsos for
white or milky urine, arising from diseased
kidneys. Biota alba bu the same meaning.
BLEU DE PRUS8E, Prussian blue.
BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bleville is a viUage about two miles from Hane.
The waters are acidulous chalybeatea.
BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, ea-
tarrhal.
BLINDNESS^ C«citaa— b. Colour, Achro-
matopsia.
BLlSTERyVos%cato*r%um,Emplas'trum Fm»-
cato'rium, Emplas'trum Lytta, Epispas^ticatmj
from Vesica^ 'a bladder,' (F.) Vesicatoircy V^
sicant. Any substance which, when applied
to the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous
secretion, raising the epidermis, and inducing a
vesicle. Various articles produce this effect,
as cantharido3y mu*ttsrdy garouy eupkorbiumy
garlicy ammoniay ^c. Blisters are used as
counter-irritants. By exciting a disease artifi*
cially on the surfiftce, we can often remove
another which may be at the time existing in-
ternally. A perpetual blUUr is one that is
kept open for a longer or a shorter time by
means of appropriate dressings.
Blister or vesication also means the vesicle
produced by vesicatories.
BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— b. Tissue,
Sparadrapum vesicatorium.
BLISTERV
ERWEED, Ranunculus aeris.
BLITUM AMERICANUM, Phytolacca d»-
candra.
BLOOD, Anglo Saxon, blob, from bleban,
'to bleed.' Sanguity Cruory Lapis anima'lisy
JTanta, ^aiftuy (F.) Sang, An animal fluid
formed chiefly from the chyle; acquiring im-
portant properties during respiration ; entering
every organ through the circulation; distri-
buting the nutritive principles to every texture,
and the source of every secretion. The blood
is white in the molluscous and inferior ani-
mals, which have been, hence, caUed ^okiis^
bloodedy to distinguish them from the r«^
blooded; which class includes the mammal ia^
birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood is
composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal
colouring substance^ a little fhtty matter— A<»-
matela'itmy and different salts; as chlorides of
potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime, sub-
carbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron.
BLOOD
117
Blood-letting
ind Itetate of ioda, united with an aninml mat-
ter. ArUrial blood is of a florid red colour,
ftroog imell} temp. KHP; s. g. 1.049. Venous
hlood is of a browniah led: temp. 98^; s. g,
1.U51. This difference in colour has given oc-
euioQ to tlie first being called rod blood ; the
latter black. The former which is distributed
firom the heart, is neai^l y the same through its
whole extent : the latter is the remains of the
arterial blood after the different elements have
been taken from it in nutrition, and probably
didera in composition. It likewise coiitains
diflerent substances absorbed. Venous blood,
taken from a vessel and left to itself, becomes
aolid, and aepaiates into two distinct parts, —
the MncM or watery, supernatant fluid; and
the eruoTy eoag^uiuntf enusamen^ttuny hepar
aeu fhemfts sanfguifUa^ plaeonfta eruo'rioy
vi'suloy tkrombusy or elot. The semm is chiefly
water, holding albumen in solution and the
aalts of the bl<xKl. The clot contains the fibrin,
CDlourlng matter — htomatooiny (q. y.) a little
serum, nd a small quantity of salts. M. Le-
eana foond the blood to be composed — ^in 1000
parts— of water, 785.590; albumen, 69.415;
fibrin; 3.565; colouring matter, 119.696; erys-
tallizable fatty matter, 4.300; oily matter,
2.270; extractive matter soluble in alcohol and
water, 1.920; albumen combined with soda,
2.010; chlorides of sodium and potassium; al-
kaline phosphatea, sulphates, and subcarbonates,
7J04; subcarbonate of Ume and magnesia,
phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide
of iron, 1 .414 ; loss, 3 J^. The four principal
components of the blood are fibrin, albumen,
oorposeles, and aadine matter. In the dreu-
Iniing blood they are thus combined —
Albumen >'"* aolution forming Liquor San^
Salts, ' i«^'«^-
Red Corpuscles— suspended in the Liquor
Sanguinis.
In eoagulaitd blood they are thus combined,
Fibrin, > Forming the erassamontum
Red CorpDscles, 5 or clot.
Albumen, ) Remaining in solution, forming
Saks, S serum*
The following table exhibits the computa-
doos of different physiologists regarding the
weight of the circulating fluid— arterial and
renoos.
iJSk \ s
\^ \ 10
Lower. (
gwngd, iOtolS
HQlkrand Bmdadi, '20
Qw«ai 27
F.Hoflfaann, 28
5«fcr,. 28 to 30
"«mg, 40
J5*»BW, 80
Kcfll, 100
The proportion of arterial blood to venous is
«bout4to9.
, Knch attention has been paid to the vary-
H condition of the blood in disease. The
average proportion of each of the organic ele-
BciU in 1000 parts of healthy blood is as fol-
lows, acoording to Lecanu, and MM. Andral,
and Gavarret : — fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127 ;
solid matter of the serum, 80: water, 790.
Juried human blood was, at one time, consi-
dered to be antiepileptic ; that of the goat,
dried. Sanguis kirei sieea'tus, sudorific, and
antipleuretic.
Bi.ooi>, Artxkial, see Blood— b. Black, see
Blood — ^b. Black, Vascular system of, see Vas-
cular— b. Casein, Globulin — ^b. Corpuscles,
Globules of the blood— b. Disks, Globules of
the blood — ^b. Dried, see Blood — ^b. Loss of,
Haemorrhagia — b. Red, see Blood—- b. Red, sys-
tem of, see Vascular — b. Spitting of, Haemop-
tysis — ^b. Venous, see Bloodr— b. Vomiting of,
Haematemesis — ^b. White, Lymph.
BLOODLESSNESS, Amemia.
BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrac'tio
San^guints, Hesmax'is^ Cataschas'mus, Bleed-
*^9 (F.) Saignie. A discharge of a certain
quantity of blood produced by art : an opera-
tion which consists in making an opening into
a vessel to draw blood flrom it. When practised
on an artery, it is called Arteriot'omy ; on a
vein, Fhlebot'omfy Ven^esee^tio, Venesee'tion ;
and on the capillary vessels, heal or capillary ^
in contradistinction to the former, which is
termed general. Blood-letting is used both
during the existence of a disease, as in inflam-
mation, and in the way of pophylaxis. It is
employed to fulfil various mdications. 1. To
diminish the actual mass of blood ; — when it is
termed, by the French pathologists, Saignie
ivacuative. In such case, fluids ought not to
be allowed too freely afterwards. 2. To di-^
minish the turgescence in any particular organ
— ( (F.) Soignee rlvulsive. Revulsive blood-
letting or bleeding, Veneesee'tio revulso^ria,
when performed far from the part affected;
and Soignee dirivativey when near.) 3. To
diminish the consistence of the blood, ( (F.)
Saignie spoliative.) The immediate effects of
blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of
blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse,
and sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from
the veins — phlebotomy , is practised on the
subcutaneous veins of the neck, the ihce, th^
fore-arm, and the leg; sometimes on those of*
the hand or foot. The necessary apparatus
consists of a bandage or riband, a compress of
rag, and a lancet or phleam.
The veins selected for the operation, are, 1 .
In the fold of the turmy five ; — ^the cephalic, ba-
silic, the two median, and the anterior cubital.
2. In the handy the cephalic and salvatella. 3.
In the footy the great and little saphena. 4. In
the nseky the external jugular. 5. In the fore-
heady the frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine.
The operation of phlebotomy in the limbs is
performed by tving a circular bandage round
the limb, in order that the subcutaneous veins
may become turmd, by the course of the blood
being obstructed: the bandage not being so
tight, however, as to compress the arteries of
the limb. A puncture is made into the vein,
and the desired quantity allowed to flow. The
ligature is now removed, and a compress and
retaining bandage applied. Capillary or local
blood-letting is practised on the skin or mucous
membranes, by means of leeches, the lancet, or
cupping.
Bloodlsttino, Capillary, see Bloodletting
^-b. Derivative, see Bloodletting — b. Evacua-
BLOOD-LIKE
118
BGftETUS ALBUS
tire, Me Bloedletting*— b. Genend, see Blood-
letting — ^b. Local, see Bloodletting — b. Rewl-
sive, eee Bloodletting— b. Spoliative, eee Blood-
letting.
BLOODLIKEy fiwognine.
BLOODROOT, Senguinaria CanadenaiB.
BLOODSTONE, Hematites.
BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisaum aangttin.
A Tetsel destined to contain and convey blood.
BlOOB VeSSIL, BRBAKUfO, BOaSTIHO, KUP-
TU&iNo OF A. — Hamorrhagia.
BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadentia.
WLOODYySanguin'eus^ Cruen'tua.Sanguin -
eouSf (F.) Sanguin, Having the character of
blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine.
BLOOM, HONEY, Apocynum andtoismifo-
Uom.
BLOTA ALBA, BleU.
BLOW, letusy Plsgi^ (F.) Coup. Effect pro-
duced by one body stnlong another. The im-
pression made by any body, which strikes us or
against which we strike ;— a common caose of
wounds, contusions, fractures, &c.
BLOWING SOUND, Bruit da Saufie.
BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbai.
BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalicttoides,
Lantana.
BLUE BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanos, Cyanus
segetum.
BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
BLUET DBS M0I880NS, Cyanos sege-
tum.
BLUSH, CUTANEOUS, see Efflorescence.
BOA , Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples. Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sodainina.
Boa Upas, Upas.
BO^ Syphilis.
BOBERRI, Curcuma longa.
BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The springs of Bocklet in Bavaria are acidu-
lous cnalybeates.
BODY, Corpus, Somoj (F.) Corps: from
bodauy the < fundus or bottom.' (7) llie human
body is the collection of organs, which 'com-
pose the frame. At times, however, body is
used synonymously with truni. We say, also,
hodf of the femury of the sphenoid, &c., to de-
signate the shaft or nudue portion of those
bones; body of the uterus, &c. Also, the rec-
tum.
Boot, Comtho dowr of tbv, Proctocele.
BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist.
BOE, Cry.
BOELLI, Intestines.
BOETHEMA, Medicament.
BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes triibUata.
BOHON UPAS, Upas.
BOIA, Boa.
BOIL, Furuneulua— b. Gum, Parulis — b.
Malignant, see Furunculos — ^b. Wasp^ nest,
see Furunculus.
BOIS BE CAMPtCHE, Hamaloxylum
Campeohianura — b. de Chypre, Rhodium lig-
num--^, de Couleuvre, see Stryvhnos — b. de
Marais, Cephalanthus occidentalis — 5. de
Plamb, Dirca palnstris — b, Ptutnt, Pnmus pa-
dus — b, de Rose,'Bhodinm lignum — b. de Sap^
jKMt, Cssalpinia sappan — b, Sudorijique^ Wood,
sudorific.
BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
waters are eitnate about half a league fiom Foa-
tenay-le-Compte in France. They are purgative,
and seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of
lime and chloride of sodium.
BOlsaON, Drink.
BOITEy (F.) A 60s or ease, Capsa, Ppaie.
An apparatus for the reception of any matteis
which it may be desirable to preserve. In
Surgery and Anatomy, BtAtes d disseetiam, B»
d amputation, B. a trepam, A. d cataracts, ke^
mean the cases in which these various instrt-
ments are kept. Be^e du Crasu is the haaj
case which receives the brain. BefUe ia, also,
the portion of the stem of the trephine, vduch
receives the pyramid or centrepin. Befke de
Petit is a machme, invented by M. Petit to re-
tain the fractured portions of bone in apposi-
tion, when the leg, has been fractured in a cosa-
plicated manner. B<Ate is, also, a kind of cast
pot before an artificial anus to reeeiTo tiM
inces, which arecontinually being dischaigsd.
The vulgar, in France, give the name Be/ke to
varioua articulatiois,— B. de gemau, B, da la
hanehe; ^knee-joint. Hip-joint."
BOiTBMBNT, Claudication.
BOITIER, (F.) Appareil, Cap'suia mugum-
ta'ria, Capsa'rium. A Dressing-case. A box,
containing salves and different apparatos, used
more particularly by the dressers in hospitals.
BOL, Bolus — b, d'Arm6nie, Bole, Armenian
— b. Blanc, Bolus alba.
^OLA, Myxrha.
BOLCHON, Bdellium.
BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant,
with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used
as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The varioui
boles had different forms given to them, and
were stamped, as in the following:
Bole AaMx'RiAH, Bole Arm^niae, B. Ar^me-
nic, ArgU'laferruginfea rubra. A* Bolus rubra^
Sinapi'sis, Arena'men, Bolus Orienta^lis, Bolus
Armeniaea, B. Arme'nim, B. rubra, (F.) Bot
d'Armenie, A red, clayey earth, found not
only in Armenia, but in several countries of
Europe^ — in Tuscany, Silesia, France, &c. It
was once esteemed a tonic and astringent, and
was applied as a styptic. It is now, scarcely, if
ever, used. It cooaists of argil, mixed with
lime and iron.
BOLESIS, Coral.
BOLESON, Balsam.
BOLET ODORANT, Dsdalia snaveolens.
BOLETUS ALBUS, Boletus laricis.
Bole'tus Escdlen'tus, (F.) Morelle. An
eatable mushroom, found in the woods in Eu-
rope, and much admired by Gastronomes. It
was formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac.
Bolb'tus loNiA'aius. The systematic name
for the Ag*arie,^Ag^^'if^^y Agarieum of the
Pharmacopoeias. Agar'icus Chirurgo'rumy
Agar^ieus Querei^s, Is'ea, Bole'tus Vngnla-
tus, SpunJt, Amfadou, Punk, Fungus J^nia'-
rius. Fungus Querci'nus, Jigaric of the OaJtr,
Tourhwood, Touchwood Boletus, Female Agaric,
Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chine, Amadouvier. It
was formerly much used by surgeons as a styp-
tic.
Bolk'ttts Lar'icis, B. LaricHnus, F^n'gm*
Lar'ieis, Polyp'orus ojfieina'Us, Agar^ieus albus^
A. Albus optiemus, B. purgans, B. albms^
White Agaric, <F.) Agaric blame. On the con-
tinent of Europe it hna been given as a catlisir-
BOLIMASTia
m
BONE NIPPERS
tie aad emeticy as well m to moderate the
sweate in phthisis. — De Haen. Externally,
styptic.
Boi:btus Pim«Aiis, Boletus lancis<-*b. Salic\^
Daedalea snaTeoleDS.
BoLS^TUs Sua v'soLSiiSt Fungus aal'ieis, Fuu-
gms alim* ialigfnms, Dadn^Ua tuav'toUns,
(F.) Agurie odorant* It has been used in
rktyTT** pnlmonalis, and asthma^ in powder.
Doee, from zas to ^ij.
BoLBTTB ToucHwooB) Boletos igniarius.
BOUMABTIS, Femun tartarisatum.
BOLISMOS^ Boulimia*
BOLITES. The mushr^^m; perhaps the
Agar'ieus Aurmutiaems. — ^Piiny, MartiiUy Sen-
tooiiia» Galen. It was so called» in consequence
ci its shape, — ^irom Bolus,
BOIJJS^ fmUfy a BM>rsely a monthliil, a bole,
(q. T.9> (F.) Boi* A phatmaceoticai prepaxa*
tioo, having a pilolBr ahape, bnt larger} capa^
ble, however, ti being swallowed as a pill.
BoLCS Alba, Tsrra 3ig%Ua*taf ArgU'la pal'"
U^ior: called sigillafta, from being conmionly
made into small cakes or iat masses, and
stamped or ssaUd with certain impressions.
(F.) Bol hloMCy Tsrrs sigillde^ Argils^ oskrsuse
pais. It was wed like tbs Bolus Anttsmts, and
was brought from Etniria. See Terra.
Bolus, Axjukn'tart, Bolus alimsnta'rius.
The bole formed bj the food, after it has under-
gone mastication and insalivation in the mouth;
and been collected upon the tongue prior to de-
glutition.
Bolus OftiENTA'Lis. A kind of bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in be-
ing brought from Constantinople. See Bole,
Armenian.
Bolus Rubra, Bole, Armenian.
BOMA'REA SALSILXA. The inhabitants
of Chili use thb plant as a sudorific. It is
firen in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
BOMBAX, Qossypium.
BOMBBMENTy Bombus.
BOMBUS, Au'num JUutuoftioj A. sih'Uusy
it. son'ituSyA. susur'rusy (F.) Bombemsnt, A
kind of ringing or buzzing in the ears;-— cha-
lacterized, according to Sauvagss, by the per-
ception of blows or beating repeated at certain
intervals. Also, Borborygmus. See Flatn-
leoce, and Tinnitus Anrium.
BOMBTX MORI, see Sericnm.
BON, Coffea Arabica.
BONA, Pfaaseolus vulgaris.
BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
BONE,0«, Os'teofiy O/tsum^ (F.) 0«,Saxon,
ban. The bones are the solid and hard parts,
which form the basis of the bodies of animals,
<]f the superior classes; and the union of which
•oostitutes the skelstofi* The human body has,
«t the adult age, 208 bones, without including
the 32 teeth, the osea Wormiana, and the seea-
xnoid bones. Anatomists divide them, from
their shape, into 1. hong bonss, which form
f«rt of the limbs, and represent columns for
•opporting the weight of the body, or levers of
different kinds for Sie muscles to act upon. 2.
Plat Bonss, which form the parietes of splanch-
oic cavities; and, 3. Short Bonss, met with in
pwts of the body where solidity and some mo-
bihty are necessary. Bones are formed of two
different textares ; spongy and eompact. They
afiofd, on analysis, much phosphate and carbo-
Hte of lime, a little phosftete of
phosphate of anmionia, oxides of iron and man*
ganese, some traces of alumina and silica, gela-
tin, &t, and water. The uses of the bones are
mentioned under each bone. They give shape
to the body, contain and defend the viscera,
and act as levers to the muscles.
TABLB of TBS BOMBS.
'Frontal 1
Bonesofthe ^^^, ?
^^ Ethmoid, I
Sphenoid, 1
^Snperior MsziOaiy^.SI
JogalorGheek,....9
Nassl. 9
Lachiymal, 9
Pabitine» 9
Inferior Spongy,.. . .3
Vomer, 1
Inferior MsziUaiy,. .1
Incinres, 8
Cuspidati, 4
Molaies, SO
Bosxs or
THS
Head.
BoSBS or
THl
TausK.
Bosssor
THB Up-
PSB Ez-
TBXHITT.
Bonis or
Bonesofthe
Faeu
Bones (^ die
Ear.
VtrtcbnBm
Sacrum,.
Thsilrsi.
Forsarm.
f
1
Hyoid»
Malleus,. 2
fncus, 2
Oibiculare, 2
IStapes,. 2
rCervicsI,. 7
Doraal, 12
^Lumbar, 5
I
Ob Coecygis, 1
■"-»«»* iir.?:uv;;:.;:9j
The Ps&ss. Innoininatanv 2
TheSfc4mAfcr.|^|^;;;;;;;;;;*
Humeruiv 2
JUhia, 2
>^ Radius 2
^Naviculaie,. 2
Lunare, 2
Cuneiforme, 2
Orbiculare, 2
Trspezium, .2
8^ Thipeioidei^ «
^ Magnum, 3
l^Undfimne, 2
Metatarpusr 10
Fkakmges, 98
Femur,; 2
(Patella, ,....2
< Tibia, 9
< Fibula, 9
^CafcbOs, Ji
Astragalus,: 2
Cnboides 2
^- Naviculaie, 2
^ l^Coneifiinne, 6
^ Metatarsus 10
Phalanges, 28
Total, 240
BoNS, Bags, Vertebral column — b. Blade,
Scapula— b.Bo0t-like,Ok scaphoides— b.BreaBt,
Sternum-— b« Hauneh^ Ilion^— b. Share, Pubis—
b. Splinter, Fibufai.
Boms NirrsRS, Ostsul'sum, Tsn€^ul€^, from
tsmo, <I hokl.' (F.) TsnaiUs ineisivs. An
instrBment used iu cntttBg off spUnteis and
Carpms
or
Wrist
The Hdgh.
TbBLsg:
LOWBR -^ *s
EXTRB- I J
MITTr I ^
Tarsus
at
' Hstep.
BONEBINBER
110
BOTANK
cartilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles
of which are strong, and the edges, which touch
each other, cutting.
BONEBINDER, Osteocolla.
BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragi-
litas ossium — ^b. Friability of the, Fragilitas os-
sium — ^b. Salt of, Ammoniae carbona»— b. Soft-
ening of the, MolUties ossium.
BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
BONIFACIA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
BONNE DAMEy Atriplex hortensis.
BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bonnes is a village six leagues from Pau, in the
department Battes Pyrineesy France. Here
are several thermal springs. They were cele-
brated as early as the time of Francis I., under
the name Eaux d^ArqtubtuatU. They contain
ddorides of sodium and magnesium, sulphates
of magnesia and lime, sulphur, and silica. The
temperature is from 78^ to 98<) Fahrenheit.
The factitiou* Eau db Bonnbs is made of
Hydroiulpkuretted watery f. Jiv: j^re watery
Oj and f. Jss; chloride •/ eodiumy 90 grains;
sulphate ofmagneeiay 1 grain.
BONNET, Reticulum.
BONNET A DEUX QLOBESy Bonnet
d'Hippoerate. /
BONNET V'HIPPOCRA TE, Cap offfip-
poefratee, Mitra Hippocrat^iea, Fas'eia capita* li& ,
Pi'leus Sippocrat'icus. A kind of bandage, the
invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates.
It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over
the head so as to envelop it like a cap. The
French, also, name it. Bonnet d deux globesy
Capeline de la tite.
BONNY CLABBER, from Irish, bainsy
* milk,' and dahary * mire.' Sour milk.
BONPLANDIA TRIFOLIATA, Cusparia
febrifnga.
BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henri-
cus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
BONY, Osseous.
BOON UPAS, Upas.
BOON A, Pbaseolus vulgaris.
BORAC'IC ACID, Ac"idum Borae"icumy
Sal sedati'vtu Hombbr'ox, Boric Addy (F.)
Acide horacique. An acid obtained from Borax,
which was once looked upon as sedative. It
was also called Aeor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli
narcot'ieumy Sal volatile Bora^dsy and Flores
Bora'eia.
BORAGEy Borago officinalis.
BORA GO OTFlCJNA'LlSyBuglos^eumve-
rumy Bug, latifo'liwny Borra'gOy Corra'gOy Bo'
rago horten'eisy Boragn, (F.) Bourrache, Nat,
Ord, Boraffinea. Sex, Syat, Pentandria Mono-
g^mia. The leaves and flowers have been con-
sidered aperient.
BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax.
BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina.
BORAX, Bora* Soda, Soda Bibo'rasy Suhbo-
ran Soda, Borae supersat'ume toddy Soda Bo-
raxa'tOyChrysoeoVlayCapie'tfumauriySubborate
ofprotox'ide of So*diumySubprotobo'rate ofSodi"
Hilly Boras Soda alcalea'cene seu alctdi'nvmy
Boras super so'dieuty Borax Ven'etuty Subbo'reu
Na'trieumy Borax'triony Nitrmm facti^'tium, &c .
Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda, Borate of Soda,
(F.) Borate on Sous-borate de Sonde, Borate
sursatnri de sonde. It is found in an iitipure
state in Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous;
taste cool, and somewhat alkaline; soluble in
12 parts of water. Borax is seldom nsed except
as a lotion in aphthae.
BoBATB OF Mbbcuby has been recommended
as^n antisyphilitic.
BORAXTRION, Borax.
BORBORUS, Fimus.
BORBORYG'MUS, from |f o^jf a^vCo, < I mika
a dull noise.' Murmur seu Bombus seu Motua
Iruestino'rumy AnUe'may AniWsisy Caloptofk'-
iay Intona'tio intestina'lis'y Murmur ventm
seu intestina'Uy (F,) Oargouiliomsnty GromlU-
ment d'Entrailies. The noise made by flatm
in the intestines. This happens often in health,
especially in nervous individuals.
BORD (F.) Margoy Edge, Margin. Anato-
mists have so named the boundaries of an or-
gan. Thus, the bones, muscles, fcc have borda
as well as bodies. The * free edge/ bord iibre,
is one not connected with any part; the <ad-
herinE edge,' bord adherenty one that is eoo-
nected; and the bord artieulairey or 'articular
margin, or edge,' that which is joined to another
bone.
BORD CILIAIREy Ciliary nEiargin.
BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Near this great city, in the south-west of France,
is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains ox-
ide of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlo-
rides of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of
soda, and sulphate of magnesia.
BORE, BoroQ.
BORGNE, (F,yCoeleay Unoe'ulusy Luam*^
Lusdo'aus, One who has only one eye, or sees
ovXj with one. The word has been used, figu-
ratively, for Uindy in surgery and anatomy. Sea
Caecus.
BORIUM, Boron.
BORON, Bo'Humy (F.) Bore, A simple sub-
stance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained, bj
heating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark
olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smelL
Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted
into boracic acid.
BOR'OSAIL, Zasl, Ethiopian names for a
disease, very common there, which attacks the
organs of generation, and appears to have coq-
siderable analogy with syphilis.
BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
BORRI, Curcuma longa.
BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa.
BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse
is a village in B^arn. The waters are ehalyr
beate.
BO'SA. An .Egyptian name for a mass,
made of the meal of darnel, henaqiheeed, and
water. It is inebriating. — ^Prospero Alpini.
BOSOM, see Mamma.
BOSSA, Plague token.
BOSSEy Hump, Protuberance — b. Nasale,
Nasal protuberance.
BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Junipenv
lycia.
BOTAL FORA'MEN, Fora'msn Bota*lB;
the Fora'men ovafUy (F.) Trou de Botal, A
large opening which exists in the fcatus in the
partition between the two auricles of the heart;
and by means of which the blood jpassea from
one to the other. Its discovery is generally
attributed to Leonard Botallus, Botal or Bo^
talH, who wrote in 15G3. It was spoken of,
however, by VesalioB. and even by Galen.
BOTANE, Herb.
BOTANIQWB MEDICALS
in
BOULIMIA
BOTANIQUE M&DICALE, Botany, medi-
cal.
BOT'ANY, MFAyiCKL^Botan^iea Med'ica^
Mfdici^na Botan'teayPhytolog'^iamed^iea; from
|$oTtf ri;, < an herV (F.) Botaniqtie Medicale. The
knowledge of the properties, characters, &c.,
of those vegetables which are used in medieine.
BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue. A preparation
made in Italy and the south of France, with
the eggs and blood Of the Mugilcepk'alua ot
Mullet; strongly salted, after it has become pu-
trescent. It is used as a condiment.
BOTAUGUEy Botargo.
BOTHOR. An Arabic term for abscess in
the nares. It means, also, a tumour in general;
especially those which are without solution of
continnity.
BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, Botrioeeph^alus la-
tus, Bothrioeepk'alumy Bolrioeepk'iliis, from
fto&^»^f, < a small pit,^ and «i9aii;,<head,' Tx*nia
lata, T. vnlga'riSy Lumbri^eiia latusy Plate'a, T.
Qs'cuUs lateral'Uiua gem'iniay T.grisea^ T. mem-
hrana^eeay T. teneVla^ T, denta'ta^ T. kuma'na
inermis, "Ilal'yHs fuemhraha'eea, T. prima, T.
09'eulis lateral'ibus solita'Tiis, T. aeepk'ala, T.
osculia snperficial'ibusj T. a anneaux courts, T.
non armi, Ver solitaife, Broad Tape wqrfi»
Common in Switzerland, Russia, and some parts
of France. It inhabits the intestines of man,
and extends to an enormous length. A broken
specimen has been obtained 6U yards long. —
Goeze.
BOTH'RION, Both*riwm, from fi^^gog, «a pit,
caTity,' &c. An alveolus, (q. v.) or small fossa.
A small deep ulcer on the cornea. — Galen, Pau-
las of iEgina. See Fossette.
BOTHRIUM, Bothrion, Fossette. '
BOTHROS, Fovea.
BOTIN, Terebinthina.
BOTIUM, Bronchocele.
BOTOTfflNUM. An obscure term, used by
Paracelsus to denote the most striking symp-
tom of a disease : — the Flos morbi,
BOTOU, Pareira brava.
BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus.
BOTRION, Alveolus.
BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actaarace-
mosa.
BOTRTS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis
▼inifera — ^b. Ambroisioides, Chenopodium am-
brosioides — b. Americana, Chenopodium am-
brosioides — ^b. Anthelminticum, Chenopodium
anthelminticum — b. Mezicana, Chenopodium
aznbrosioidea.
BO TTINE, (F.) A thin hoot or busk%n,0'erea
U'm'or, An instrument, which resembles a small
boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles,
kc, and used to obviate distortions of the lower
extremities in children.
BOTTLE NOSE, Gutta rosea.
BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium. Vulva.
BOUBON,Biibo.
BOUCAGE Af^JlEUH, Pimpinella magna—
h.Afineur, Pimpinella saxifraga — b. Petit, Pim-
pin^Ua saxifraga.
BOirCHS, Mouth.
BOUCLBMENT, Infibulation.
BOUES DBS EAUX,{¥,) Bones Min^rales,
B^'wa Cigno'sa. The mud or swamp, formed
cear mineral springs; impregnated with the
stibstances contamed in such springs, and con-
*«iaently possessing similar properties. The
fiwj are applied generally and topically, in
9
France,* at the springs of St. Amand, Bagneres
de Luchon, Bagnols, Bareges; in the United
States, at the White Sulphur in Virginia, &c.
BOITE8 MINdRALES, Boues des eaux,
BOUFFE,{¥,) llhe small eminence, formed
by the junction of the two lips. — Dulaurens.
BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness.
BOUGIE, (F.) A wax candle: CandeVtUa,
Cande'la, C, ce'rea, Cande'la medica*ta, Ce'reum
medica'tum, Cereolus Chirurgo'rum, Dce'dion,
Spedl'lwn ee'retim, Virga ce'rea, Cereolus. A
flexible cylinder, variable in size, to be intro-
duced into the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, &c.
for the purpose of dilating these canals, when
contracted. A Simple Bougie is composed of
solid and insoluble substances ; as plaster, elas-
tic gum, catgut, &c. It acts of course only me-
chanically.
Bougie, MsDiGATkn, (F.) B. Medieamenteuse,
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caus-
tic Bougie, v/YAoh has a small portion of Lunar
Caustic or Common Caustic inserted in its ex-
tremity. Ducamp has recommended a Bougie,
which swells out near its extremity, for the
better dilating of the urethia. This he calls
B. d ventte* The metallic Bougie, invented by
Smyth, is a composition of metal, allowing of
great flexibility; and a hollow Bougie is one,
with a channel running through it, to be used
in the same manner as the catheter, or other-
wise.
BOUILLIE (Y.^^Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.)
bouillir, < to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled
with milk. It is a common food for infantsi
BOUILLON, (F.) from bouillir, <to boil,*
Jns, Sorbif'io. A liquid food, made by boiling
the flesh of animals in water. The osmazome,
gelatin, and soluble salts dissolve; the fat mehs,
and the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nou-
rishing, owing to the gelatin and osmazome.
The Jus de Viande is a very concentrated Bouil-
lon, prepared of beef, mutton, veal, &c.
BOUILLON^ in common language, in France,
means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum.
BOUILLONS MEDICINAUXou PHAR-
MACEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic
Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me-
dicinal herbs. The Bouillon aux herbes is ge-
nerally composed of sorrel or beet,
BOUILLON d'OS,(T,)Bouillonfrombones,
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic
acid, in order to dissolve the earthy parts. The
gelatin, which remains, is then boiled with a
little meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouil-
lon, however, can be easily obtained from the
bones of roast meat by simple coction.
BOUILLONNEMENTy Ebullition.
BOUIS, Buxus.
BOULE D^ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatunt—
b. de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatiim — 5. de Mol-
sheim, Eerrum tartarizatum— 3. de Nancy, Fer-
rum tartarizatimi.
BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
BOULIM'IA,^ Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'li-
mus, Bou'limos, Bulimiasis, Bolismos, Edim'-
ia, JPames eani*na, Appeti'tus eaninus, Appe-
ten'tia eani'na, Adepkagia, Cynorez'ia, Orex'-
is ryno'des, Bnpi'na^ Bnpei'na, Fhaga'na, Pha-
gedce'na. Fames Bovi'na, F, Lupi'na, from
^ovQy «an ox,' and Xi/aoc, 'hunger;' or from (t&.
BOUUMIE 1
angmentatiye particle, and MfiHy < Iranger/ (F.)
JBouiimie, Faim canitu^ F. divorante^ Poly-
phagi«. An almost insatiable hanger. A fiO"
nine appetite. H is sometimes seen in hysteria
and jiregnancy; rarely under other circum-
stances.
BOUUMIE, Boulimia.
BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Boulogne is in the department of Paq-de-Calais,
Fiance. The waters are chalybeate.
BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE DE RIO-
LANy (F.) from bouquet, a collection of flow-
ers or other substances tied together. A name
S'ven, by some anatomists, to the collection of
,gaments and muscles, inserted into the styloid
process of the temporal bone.
BouQiTST Fever, -Dengue.
BOURBILLON, see Furunculus (core.)
BOURBON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Bourbon-Lancy is a small village in the
department of Saone-et-Loire, France; where
there are thermal saline springs, containing car-
bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime,
iron, and silica. Their heat is from 106^ to
135^ Fahrenheit.
BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINE-
RAL WATERS OF. This town is in the de-
partment of the AUier, six leagues west from
Moulins, and has been long celebrated for its
thermal chalybeate waters. They contain sul-
phohydric acid, sulphate of soda, magnesia, and
lime, carbonate of iron, and silica. Their tem-
perature varies between 136^ and 145^ Fahren-
neit.
BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, MINERAL
WATERS OF. These springs are seven
leagues from Langres, department of Haute-
Marne, France. They are thermal and saline,
and have been long celebrated. Temperature
from 106^ to 133^ Fahrenh^t. The Factitious
watery (F.) Eau de Bourlfonne-les-BainsyAjgna
Borvonen^sis, is composed of water, containing
twice its bulk of carbonic acid, f. .^xxss; chlo-
ride of sodium, f. 5J, chloride of calcium, gr. x.
BOURBOULE, MINERAL WATERS OF
A village near Mount d'Or, where there are
two thermal saline springs.
BOURDAINE, Rhamnus frangula.
BOURDONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurium.
BOURDONNET, Pulvit'hts,P. e linamen'-
tis confee'tus. P.. rotun'dus, Dossil, A term
in French surgery for charpie rolled into a
small nmss of an olive shape, which is used
for plugging wounds, absorbing the discharge,
and preventing the union of tiieir edges. In
cases of deep and penetrating wounds, as of
the abdomen or chest, a thread is attached to
them by which they may be readily withdrawn,
and be prevented from passing altogether into
those cavities.
BOURGkNE, Rhamnus frangula.
BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula—*.
Chamu, Granulation.
BOURGEONS, Gutta rosea.
BOURRACHE, Borago officinalis.
BOURRELET, (F.) A Pad, a Border. A
fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer-
tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid ca-
vity of the scapula and the acetabulum ; and
by which the depth of those cavities is aug-
mented.
9 BRACHIAL
BOURRELET ROULA, Coma a
BOURSES, (LES,) Scrotum.
BOURSOUFLURE, Pufliness.
BOUTON, Papula— n6. d'Alep, see Anthiu
— h. Malin, see Anthrax — h. d*Or, Ranuociiioi
acris.
BOUTONNlkRE, (F.) Fusu'ra, lnd*'k.
A small incision made into the urethra toextnct
a calculus from the canal, when it is too largt^
to be discharged.
Also, a small incision or puncture, made in
the peritoneum, or above the pubis, to peD^
trate the bladder in certain cases of retentiofi
of urine.
BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea.
BOVILL^, RubeoU.
BOVISTj'A, Lycoperdon.
BOWEL, Intestine.
B0WLE6GED, see Cnemoscoliosis.
BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollati,
Gillenia trifoUata, Leptandria purpurea.
BOXBERRY, Gaultheria.
BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi.
BOX TREE, Buxus, Comas Florida.
BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida.
BOYAU, Intestine.
BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum.
BRACHERIOLUM, Truss.
BRACHERIUM, Truss.
BRACm^US, Brachial— b. Intcrnu»,Bn-
chialis anterior.
.BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lis, Brackicf'usjm^
Brackium, < the arm.' What belongs to the am.
Brachial ApoNEinio'sis. An aponeuroBS,
formed particularly by expansion^ of the ten-
dons of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major.
and deltoides muscles, and which completely
envelops the muscles of the arm.
Brachial Artery, Arte'ria braehia'Us,Bf^'
meral Artery, (F.) Arthe ou Tronc braekial.
The artery, which extends from the axilla to
the bend of the elbow; where it divides into
^. cubitalis and A. radialis. It passes along
the internal edge of the biceps, behind the m^
dian nerve and between the accompanying
veins. Under the name Brachial Artery ^ M>
Chaussier includes the subclavian, axillary, anJ
humeral, the last being the brachial proper.
Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'cuhi
Brachia'lis Ante'rior, BrachiaUis intemus, B.
antigens, Brachiix'us, Br<iehia'us intemut, (F.)
Muscle brachial interne, Humcro'eubitol—
(Ch.) This muscle is situate at the anterior
and inferior part of the arm^ and before the el-
bow-joint. It arises, fleshy, from the middle
of the OS humeri, and is inserted into the coro-
noid process of the ulna. Use. To bend the
forearm.
Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'lis, is a
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of
the anterior branches of the four last cervical
pairs and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated
in the hollow of the axilla, and extends as far
as the inferior and lateral ]part of the neck. It
gives off the thoracic nerves, supra and infrfi
scapular, and the brachial (which are six ir
number,) the axillary, cutaneous, muscuh-eK'
taneous, radial, cubital, and median.
Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac
company the artery, frequently anastomosing
with each other : they terminate in the axillary
Under the term Brachial Vein, Chaussier in
eludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
BBACmALE
ISS
BRAStGUB
BRACHIAL£» Carpus.
BRACHIALIS, Bradual— b. Anticus, Bxa-
cliial mofcle— b. ExternoB, see Triceps ezten-
wr cubiti— b. Internus, Brachial xnascle.
BRACHIERIUM, Truss.
BRACHILE, Truss.
BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY, Inno-
misata arteria — ^b. Veins, InnominatflB venae.
BRA'CHIO-CUBITAL, Braehio-^iuHtc^lis.
That which belongs both to the arm and cubitus.
Thifl name has been given to the internal late-
ral ligament at the elbow-joint; because it is
attached to the os brachii or os humeri and to
the cubitus or ulna.
BRACmOCYLLO'SIS, from /f^tf/ivv, < the
ann,' and MAxaoo-i^, < the act of making crooked.'
Carvature of the arm inwards. Paralysis or
loss of power from curvature of the arm.
BRACmON, Brachium.
BRACfflON'CUS, frena jS^a/iob, <the arm/
and oyMf , < a swelling.' A tumour of the arm.
6RACHI0-RADIAL, Braehio-radia'lM.
That which belongs to the brachium and radius.
This name has been applied to the external la-
teral ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is
attached to the htunerus and to the radius. See
Snpmator radii longus.
BRACHIORRHEU'MA, RheumaH/mus
hra'ekii, from /l^a/Mvr, < the arm/ and (iu/«« , * de-
flazion, rheumatism.' . Rheumatism of the arm.
BRACfflROLUM, Truss.
BRACHIUM, Brafekiouy LiMr'tus, (F.)
Bras, the arm. The arm from the shotilder to
the wiist, or the part between the shoulder and
elbow. See Hameri Os.
BiAcmuM ^ovxNs QuA&TUs, Latissimus
dorsi.
BR^CHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
BRACHYAU'CIffiN, from ^xvc, 'short,'
and «vv»r, 'neck.' One who luw a short neck.
BRACHYCHRO'NIUS,fromi8^X«'^i 'short,'
^ Z^^^9 ' tinae.' That which continues but
t ihort time. A term applied to diseases which
are of short duration.— ^Galen.
BRACHYGNATHUS, from fieaxvf,< shorty'
and ^vodtK, the * under jaw.' A monster with
too short an under jaw, — Gurlt.
BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation.
BRACHYPNCEA, Dyspnoea.
BRACHYPOTI, from /J^a/wf, 'short,' and
»^»Ti5f, 'drinker.* They who drink little, or
who drmk larely. Hippoc., Galen, Foesius.
BRACHYRHYN'CHUS: from i?«a/w,
'ibort,' and ^vyx^tf ' snout.' A monster with
too short a nose.
BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation.
BRACING, Corroborant.
BRADYiESTHE'SIA, from fifaivs, 'diffi-
^t,' and atr&iiait, < sensation.' ^ Impaired sen-
Blion.
BRADYBOLIS'MUS, Bradyspernatismus.
BRADYECOIA, Deafness,
BRADYLOG"IA, Dysla'lia; from fif^aSuf,
'diiBcQlt,' and xeyo«, ' a discourse.' Difficulty
of speech.
BRADYMASE'SIS, Bradymasse'nt, in^)ro-
}^\j BradymaaWgiay Manduea'tio dijle"ilit,
^ i^a^f , ' difficult,' and fuivr^i^y ' mastica-
'^ Difficult mastication. See Dysmasesis.
BUDYMASTESIS, Bradymasesis.
^ BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'rum eancoe'tio,
•nan jSj^o^pr, 'slow,' and ntntm, 'I digest.'
^ digestioii.^-Galen. See Dyspepsia.
BRADYSPERMATISIKUS, BradyboKs'-
nuu, Ejaeula'tio sem'inis impedi'toy Dygper-
nuUi^musy from fi^»dvfy 'slow,' and ons^^ce,
' sperm.^ A slow emission of sperm.
BRADYSU'RIA, Ttnst'mus vesi'ea, (F.)
Tine^me vesical ^ from |9^a/vc, ' difficult,' and
ovQtttf ' to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation
of the urine, with perpetual desire to void it.
Dysuria (q. v.)
BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia.
BRAG'GET, Braggart, Bragtaort, Anam«
formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water.
See Hydromeli.
BRAIy UQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris— ^.
£)«e, Colophonia.
BRAIN, Cerebrum— >b. Little, Cerebellum.
BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Braine is a small village, three leagues from
Soissons, France, which has purgative waters
similar to those of Passy.
BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina— b.
Rock; Polypodium vulgare— b. Root, Poljrpo^
dium vulgare.
BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, seejlu-
bus fruticosus — b. Comnu»n> Rubus frutico*
sus.
BRAN, Furfur.
BRANC-URSINE bAtaRDE, Heiacle-
um spondylium.
BRANCA URSINA, Acanthus mollis— b.
Germanica, Heracleum spondylium.
BRANCH, from (F.) Branehe^ originally
probably from §iaxm^y 'an arm,'(?) because
branches of trees, &c., eo off like arms. A term
-applied, generally, to the principal division of
an artery or nerve. The word is conunonly
used svnonynaously with Ramus ; but often,
with the French, Braneks signifies the great
division; — Ramsau^ Lat. iSomiM, the division
of the branches ; and Ramuseules, Lat. Ramus'
ettli, the divisions of these last.
The French, also, speak of the iranekes of
the pubis, for the Rami of that bone, branehss
of the ischium, for the rami of the ischium, &c.
BRANCHES DE LA MO^LLB ALLON^
G£E (FETITESy Corpora restiformta«
BBASCKl, Braneha. Swellings of the ton-
sils, or parotid, according to some ; — of the
thyroid gland, according to others.
BRANCHUS, /J^oy/flc, Rauee'do (q. v.) A
catarrhal affection of the mucous membrane of
the fauces, trachea, &c. — Galen. Hoarseness.
BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris.
BRANCIA, Vitirum.
BRANDY. (O.) Branntwein, Dutch,
Brandwijn, ' burnt wine.' Vinum cuius''
turn sen erem'atum. Aqua Vita, (F.) Eau ds
visy (S.) Aguardiente. The first liquid pro*
duct obtamed by distilling wine. It is com-
posed of water, alcohol, and an aromatic oilv
matter, which gives it its flavour. Brandy is
a powerful and diffusible stimulant, and as such
is used in medicine. It has been also called
Liquor Aquit^gius, See Spirit. '
BRAifDY, Apflb, see Pyrus mains.
BRANKS, Cynanche parotidsa.
BRANEURSINE, Acanthus mollis.
BRANNTWEINy Brandy.
BRASy Brachium — b» du Cervelety Corpora
restiformia.
BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Brasegur is a place in the diocess of Rhodes,
where ther^ are cathartic waters.
BRASENIA
134
BEICUMUM
BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis.
B&A8B'NiA Hydropel'tis, Bras^'rUa^ Gelat'u
na aquat^iea, Frogleafy Little Water Lily, Wa-
ter Jelly, Deerfood. An indigenous plant, Nat.
Ord. Ranuncalaces, Sex* Syet, Polyandria Po-
lygynia, flouriahing from Carolina to Kentucky
and Florida; and covering the surface of pcmds,
marshes, &e. The freah leaves are mucilagi-
nous, and have been used in pulmonary com-
plaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria.
BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis.
Brash, Weahino, Atroph'ia Ablaetato'rum,
A severe form of diarrhoea, which supervenes
at times on weaning. The Maiadie de Cruveil-
heir appears to be a similar affection.
BRASILETTO, see Ca»sa]pinia.
BRASIUM, Malt.
BRASMOS, Fermentation. '
BRASS, Sax. bpar* Welsh, pris. Aurichal'-
eum, Oriehal'eum, JSeeeavum, Ckrysoehal'eos,
(F.) Airain, A yellow metal, formed by mix-
ing copper with calamine. The same general
remarks apply to it as to copper. See Cuprum.
BRAS'SICA, Crambe, tegafifiti, Bras' eiea ole-
ra*eea: B, capita'ta sett euma'na of the old Ho-
mans. The Cabbage, (F.) Chou potager, Fo-
im/y, Cruciferae. Sex.Syst, Tetradynamia Sili-
quosa. Cato wrote a book on its Virtues. It is
a vegetable by no means easy of digestion
when boiled; when raw, it appears to be more
digestible. When fprming a solid globular
mass, like a head, it is the B. Capita'ta, (F.)
CkoU'Cabus, Chou Poitimi.
Brassica Camina, Mercurialis perennis.
Bras'sica Eru'ca^ Ern'ca, Garden Rocket,
Roman Rocket, &c. {Y.) Chou Roquette, Ro-
quette. This was considered bv the Romans,
an aphrodisiac, — Columella. The seeds were
ordinarily used.
Bras'sica Floe'xda, — Bra^'sica Pompeia'na
of the ancients — ^the Caulijlower, Caulis Flo-
rida, (F.) Chou-Jleur, is a more tender and di-
gestible variety.
The Broc'coli, B, Sabel'liea of the Romans,
B. Ital'ica, belongs td this variety.
Brassica Marina, Convolvulus soldanella —
b. Pompeiana, Brassica Florida.
Bras'sica Napus, Napus Sylvestris, Su-
viae, Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields a
quantity of oil.
Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra.
Brab'sica RAPA,'Saj;a rotun'da, Rapum ma-
jus, Rapa r^apus. Turnip, (F.) Chou navet,
Navet, Rave. The turnip is liable to the same
objection (but to a less extent) as the cabbage.
BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
BRAVER, Truss.
BRAYERA ANTHELMINTIC A, Hagenia
Abyssinica.
BRAZIL WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata.
BREAD, see Triticum.
Bread, Gluten. Bread made ol wheat dou^
deprived of the chief portion of its starch by
washing. Bread, made of gluten only, cannot
be eaten on account of its hardness afid tough-
ness; hence, one fifth of the normal quantity of
starch is allowed to remain, and in this form
the bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable,
and moderately agreeable.
Bread, Housebou), Syncomistos.
BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
BREAST, Thorax, Manmiar— b. Abscess o{
the, Mastodynia apostematosa.
BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass ap-
plied to the nipple to receive the milk when
secreted copiously by the mamma.
BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina
pectoris.
BREAST-PUMP, AntlU lactca.
BREATH, Sax. bna^e, Bal'itus, Anhel*itU4,
An'imus, Spir'itus, Afmos, (F.) HaUine. The
air expelled from the chest, at each expiration.
It requires to be studied in the diagnosis of tlMi-
racic diseases especially.
Breath. Offensive; Ftetor Oris, Caeosto-
matosphre sia, Hhl'itus oris fa'ttdusy Oxl., An
offensive condition, which is usually dejiendent
upon carious teeth, or some faulty state of the
secretions of the air passages. The internal
use of the chlorides may be advantageous.
Breath, Short, Dyspncea.
BREATHING, DIFFICULTY OF, Dysp-
ncea.
BRBCHET, (F.) The Brisket. This naioe
is given in some parts of France to .the €arti-
lago-ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum
itself.
BRECHMA, Bregma.
BRECHMUS, Bregma.
BR£DISSURE,(V.y Trismus Capistra'tut,
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
of preternatural adhesion between the internal
part of the cheek and gnms; often occasioned
by the abuse of mercury.
BR^DOUILLEMENT, (F.) TUuhan'tia,
A precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance,
in which a part only of the words is prononncedj
and several of the syllables viciously changed.
This defect is analogous to stuttering, bat dif-
fers from it in being dependent on too great ra-
pidity of speech ; whilst stuttering is charac-
terized by continual hesitation, and frequent re-
petition of the same syllables.
BREGMA) Brechma, Brechmus, from |lof-
Xttv, *to sprinkle;' Fontanell'a, {q, v.) JSin'-
dpfit (q. V.) The top of the head was thus
called, because it was believed to be humid in
infants; and, according to some, because it was
conceived to correspond to the most humid part
of the brain.
BRENNING, Burning.
BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa.
BREPHOTROPHE'UM, Eethdohrepkotro-
phe'um,iTom IJ5190C, *a newborn child,' and
r^o^ff/v. * to nourish.* A foundling hospital.
BRESILLET, Cesalpinia sappan.
BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels. This name
has been given to several branches of the sple-
nic arteries and veins, which are distributed to
the great eul-de-sAc of the stomach.
BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus.
BRICK, (F.) Briqne. Hot bricks are some^
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the
abdomen in colic, or after the operation for po-
pliteal aneurism; or, reduced to very fine pow-
der, and mixed with fat, as an application to
herpetic and psoric affections.
Bricks, Forna'eeee Testa or Tiles, were for-
merly bruised in vinegar, and the. liquid \ra4
used as a specific in cutaneous affections. Tbff«j
entered, also, into a cerate used for sorofuloi:S
humours, &c. To the Terra Foma'cnm, qi
Brick earth, the same virtues were assigned.
I BRICUMUM, Artemisia.
BBIBB
m
BRONCHIA
BRlDSy (F.) A bridle. Fra'nulum, ReH-
naculuvi. This term is given, in the plural,
to membruious filaments, which are found
within abscesMS or deep-seated wounds^ and
which prevent the exit of pua. The term is,
also, applied to preternatural adhesions, which
occur in cicatrices of the skin, in the urethra,
or ia infla med s erous or synovial membranes.
•BRi£R, WILD, Rosa canina.
BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY,
see Kidney, Bright's disease of tha.
BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of
this fashionable watering place, on the south
coast of England, is dry, elastic, and bracing.
According to Sir James Clark, its climate ap-
pears to the greatest advantage in the autumn
and eaxiy part of the winter; when it is some-
what milder and more steady than that of Has-
tings. Accordingly, it is adapted for all cases
in which a dry and mild air at this season of
the year proves beneficial. In the spring
months, owing to the prevalence of, and its
exposure to, north-east winds, the climate is
cold, harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is
well adapted for convalescents, and for all whd
require a dry and bracing sea air.
BRIMSTONE, Sulphur.
BRINE, Muria.
BRIXTON ROOT, Leptandria pnrpniea.
BRION, Corallina.
BRiqUE, Brick.
BRIQUEBEC, J^flNERAL WATERS OF.
This town is thuree leagues from Cherbourg, in
Fiance. The water contains chloride of iron.
BRISE'FIERRE ARTICUL^^ (F.) An
iostniment invented by Jacobson for crushing
tlie stone in the bladder.
BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'sit Aqua.
Bnsto^ ia about thirteen miles from Bath, in
England. The water is an almost pure ther-
mal; slightly acidulated. It contains chlorides
of ma^esium and sodium, sulphate of soda,
lolphate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic
acid, oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74^
FaL The Hot Well has been long celebrated.
Its action is like that of the thermal waters in
feoeral. The climate of Bristol is mild, and
^>eace the water has been* celebrated for the
core of incipient pulmonary consumption. See
Chiton.
BRIZOCERAS, Ergot.
BROAD, Sax» bjia©, Latw, (F.) Large. Any
body is so termed whose transverse extent is
coasiderahle compared with its length. The
Broad £(m«#,such as the frontal, parietal, occi-
pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of
ipUnchnic cavities. Broad Muscles generally
occupy the parietes of cavities, and especially
jhose of the chest and abdomen. The epithet
IBS also been applied to other parts— as to the
• ^oad lijfomsnts, of the womb, &c.
BROCCOLI, Brassica sabelUca.
BROCHOS, Pfcx'^ti Lofueus, (q. v.) A ban-
BROCHTHUS, /J^o/^^c , Gula. The throat.
^^ a kind of sniall drinking vessel. — Hipp.
BROCHUS, Morof. This name has been
pen to one who has a very prominent upper
^pM^astelli. According to others, it means
^ whose teeth project in front of the mouth.
BRO^IUM , A synonym of Jus or Jus'cu*
'^a. Broth, or the Uquor in which any thing
■> boiled. Bre^dium salts'—^, decoction of salt.
BROIEMENT, see Cataract.
BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
BROKEN- WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
BROMATOfiCCRISIS, Lientery.
BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'iay
Bromoffraphyy Bromograph'ioy ftom ^fAUy
'food,' and y(a9it> 'a description.' A descrip-
tion of aliments.
BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia, SitioV-
ogjfy from fiioftoy < food,' and xoy0«, <a discourse.'
A treatise on food.
BROME, Bromine.
BROME LIA ANANAS, called after OUus
Bromel, a Swede. Car^duus Brazilia^nusy
Avudnas aeosta ovalta sen aeulea^tus. Anas' sa,
Capa'IsiaJh'Jhaf Ana'naSy or Pine Apple, A
West India tree, wliich produces the most de-
licious of fruits.
Bboms''xia. PtHOUiN, Ana'nas Americafnay
Pinguiny Broad-ieaved wild Ana'fiaSy &c. The
West India plant, which affords the Pinguin
.fruit. The fruit is refrigerant, and the juice,
when ripe, very austere. It is used to acidu-
late punch. A wine is made from the Pineuin,
which is very intoxicating, and has a good fla*
vour.
BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine^r-b. of
Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see
Bromine.
BROMIDRO'SIS, from j9^»/io(, < stench,' and
'tdiwfy*awedX,* Offensive sweat.
BROMINE, Bro'minumy Bromin'iumy Bro*
mayBromin'evsinyBro'miumyBro'mirui^Brofnmm^
Mu'rinay Muride^ Brome, A simple body, of a
verjr volatile nature, and highly offensive and
sufilocating odour, whence its name, from ^^^
fAocy <a stench.' It is met with chiefly in sea-
water, and in many animal and vegetable bo-
dies that live therein. It has likewise been
found in n^y mineral waters of this and other
countries. In its chemical relations, it may be
placed between chlorine and iodine. With ox-
ygen it forms an acid, the Bromie^%nd with
hydrogen another*-the Mydrohromic,
Pubs BaoMiNE, BaoMiDs of Ikon, (dose gr.
i or.ij) and Bromidb of Potassium, HydrobrO'
mate of Potassd, (F.) Bromure de potassium,
(dose gr. iv to viij in the day,) have been used
medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis, — inter-
nally, as well as applied externally. Bromine
may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled wa-
ter, and six drops be commenced with as a dose.
BaoMiDBS OF Mekcvet {Hydrar'gyriBro'fnida)
have been given in syphilis. The protobromide
and the bihromide are analagous in composition
and medicinal properties to the corresponding
iodides of mercury.
BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography.
BROMOS, p^fjLOi, One of the cerealia, sup-
posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena.
BROMOSUS, Fetid.
BRONCHBS, Bronchia— n6. Ganglions lym-
phatiques des. Bronchial glands.
BRON'CHIA, Bron'ehiee, Bronchi, from |f^-
rof , * the throat.' The Latins used the term
ironehusy for the whole of the trachea; whilst
they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bron^
ehiay Bronchia, and Bronchi, (¥,) Bronehes,
now meaf the two tubes, with their ramifica-
tions, which arise from the bifurcation of the
trachea, and carry air into the lungs,— Cora'-
nula pulmo'nvm.
BRONCHIAL
196
BRONCflORRH(EA
Beonchia, Dilatation or tbs, Dilated
Bronchia* The physical signs of this condition
are the following: — Percussion usoally clear,
bat not unfrequently less bo than natural, al-
though very seldom quite dull. Auscultation
detects coarse mucous or gargling rhonchi, in-
creased by the cough, combined with, or re-
placed by, bronchial or cavernous respiration,
which is often effected as if ^y a sudden puff or
whiff. The resonance of the voice is increased,
but it seldom amounts to perfect pectoriloquy.
The most common situations for dilated bron-
chia are the scapular, mammary, or lateral re-
gions. They are almost always confined to one
side.
Bronchia, Obliteeation, oe Compeession
OF THE. The inspiratory murmur on ausculta-
tion is weaker or wholly suf^ressed over a li-
mited portion of the chest; the expiration is ge-
nerally more distinct and prolonged : all the
other conditions are natural.
B R O N C H I AL, Bronehie, Bronehia'liSy
Bron*ehicus. That which relates to the bron-
chia.
Beonchial Arteeies, (F.) Arthres Bron^
cMques. These are generally two in number,
one going to each lung. They arise from the
thoracic aorta, and accompany the bronchia in
all their ramifications.
Beom'cbial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronehiques.
The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia.
BaoNCHiAL Cough, (F.) Toux bronchigue,
T, tubaire. This generally accompanies bron-
chial respiration. They both indicate obstruc-
tion to the entrance of air into the air-cells.
Brom'chial Glands, Glan'dulte Vescdia'nce,
^ands of Vesa'lius^ (F.) Olandes bronckiquea
ou Ganglions lyinphatiques des bronchcs, are
numerous glands of an ovoid shape ; of a red-
dish hue in the in&nt, and subsequently brown
and black, seated in the course of the bronchia.
Their functions are unknown. The bronchial
inlands may be presumed to be affected by scro-
fulosis, when, in addition to the existence of
tumours in the neck, percussion gives a dull
sound under the upper and central part of the
sternum, whilst there is no appreciable lesion
of thelungto.
Beon'chial Nbeves, (F.) Nerfs Bronehiques,
are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
Bronchial Fhtbisis, see Phthisis bronchial
— ^b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
Bron'chial Veins arise Arom the last divi-
sions of the arteries of the same name, and pass,
on the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the
left, into the superior intercostal.
BRONCHIC, Bronchial.
BRONCfflECTASIS, Dilata'tio bronehio*-
rum, from p^oyx^fy * A bronchus/ and mraotf,
* dilatation.^ Dilatation of one or more bron-
chial tubes.
BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis.
BRONCHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis.
BRONCHI'TIS, Bronehii'tis, Infiamma'tio
hronehio'ru^n, Catar'rhus Pulmo'num, C, bron-
rhio'mm, Pleuri'tia ht^nUda, P. bronchia'lis,
Bronehos'tasis, Pul^monary Catarrh, Angi'na
hronehiaiis, (F.) Inflammation des Sronckes,
Inflammation of the lining membrane of the
bronchial tubes. This is always more or less
present in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is
accompanied by cough, mucous expectoration,
d3r8pncea, and more or less uneasiness in breath-
ing. The aente form is accompanied with all
the signs of internal inflammation, and requires
the employment of antiphlogistics followed bj
revulsives* The chronic form, l%issis smt'tit^
Catar*rhus seniflis, Rheumaeatarrha'U^Ptrif-
noumo'nia nothd (q. v.) Bronchorrha'a acM'te,
Winter cough. Chronic Catarrh, may be coa-
founded with phthisis ; from which it nrast be
distinguished mainly by the absence of hectic
fever and of the physical signs that are chane-
teristic of the latter, as well as by the nature
of the expectoration, which is generally mn-
cous, although at times mueo-purulent. Wben
the expectoration is little or none, the bronchi-
tis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrk
Sec,
When bronchitis affects the smaller tubei, it
is termed capillary hronehi'tis, broneki'm
capilla'ris, bronchoc^aei infanH'lis (7), and is
often fatal to children.
Bronchitis, Catarrh — ^b. Asthenics, Perip-
neumonia notha — ^b. Capillary, see Bronekitii-
b. Convulsiva, Pertussis— b. Membranacei,
Polypus bronchialis — ^b. Plastic, Polypus bron-
chialis — ^b. Pseudomembranous, Polypus braB-
chialis — ^b. Summer, Fever, hay.
BRONCHIUS, Stemo-thyroideus.
BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis.
BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha-
b. Infantilis, see Bronchitis..
BRONCHO-CATARRHUS, Catarrh.
BRONCHOCE'LE, from ^Qoyxot, * a bron-
chus,' and X17XI}, * tumour.' An inaccurate name
for the affection which is called, also, Bo'chim^
Botium, Hernia gut'turis, (ruttur tu'midum
sen globo'sum, Trachelophy*ma^ Hernia gut-
tura'lis, Thyroce'U, Thyreoee'lB, Traeheo€e%
Thyremphrax'is, Thyreophrax'ia, Thyreon'm,
Thyron'cus, Deiron'eus, Deron^cus, 2%yro-
phrax'ia, Oossum, Go*tium, 'Exeehebron'ekm^
Gongro'na, Struma, Glans, Bo'dum, Her'nia
bronchia*lis, TracheloeeUE, Tuber gutturo'snm,
Gutte'ria, ifC, the Derbyshire nsci, SwelUd
n^ei. Wen, Go\tre, j-c, (F.) OiAtre, Gouttr*,
Hypertrophic du Corps ^yroXde, Grosse Gerg«i
Gros Cou, This is no rupture, but consists of
an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is
common at the baseof lofty mountains in every
part of the world ; and has been supposed to be
owing to the drinking of snow-water, but it
occurs where there is no snow. The tnmour
is sometimes very extensive. Iodine has great
power over it, and will generally occasion its
absorption, when the case has not been of such
duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous
condition.
BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis.
BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance.
BRONCHOPLASTIC, Bronchoplasiiciu ;^
from f^ofxHi * » bronchus,*and nloootr, * I form-'
An epithet given to the operation for closing
fistulas in the trachea.
BRONCHOPNEUMO'NIAjfrom ^eoy/of,*»
bronchus,' and Pneumonia. Inflammation of
the bronchia and lungs.
BRONCHORRHOE'A, (F.) BroncMonhtt,
Catarrhs pituiteux, Phlegmorrhagie pulmonoirtj.
Flux bronehique, from ^oyy^, * bronchus,' and
ptm, *I flow.' An increased secretion of nmcns
from the air passages, accompanied or not by
inflammation : — a gleet (q. v.) as it were, of the
pulmonary mucous membrane.
Beonchoreh<ba Acuta, Brbnchitis (chronic.)
BR0NCH06TASIS
187
BRUIT DJff rAfE
BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.
BRONCHOTOMB^ Bronekot'omus, from
9^>oy;^9;, andl ti^»f IT, * to cut.' A kind of lancet,
with a blnnt and ronnded point, mounted on a
nandle, and fitted to a canula, which passes in
ulong with it, and is allowed to remain in the
opening made in the trachea.
BROffCHOT'OMYyBronekotom'ia,(FJ)Bran'
rkotomie. Same etymology. A surgical ope-
ration, which consists in making an opening
either into the trachea, {TraekAOt^omy:) into the
larynx, {Laryngoi'omy:) or into both, ( Traeheo-
laryngot'omyy) to extract foreign bodies or to
permit the passage of air to the lungs. These
different parts are divided transversely or ver-
tically, according to circomstanees.
BRONCHUS, Trachea.
BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabanga.
BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scopa-
rinm — b. Butchers, Ruscus — b. Clover, So-
phora tinctoria — ^b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria —
b. Rape, of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana —
b. Spanish, Spartium junceum — ^b. Yellow, So-
phora tinctoria.
BROSSARDlfiiRE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Broesardi&re is a chateau in Bas-Poitou,
France. The waters contain carbonates of iron
and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
lime. Tliey are aperient.
BROSSEy Brush.
BROUILLARD, Caligo.
BROUS'SAIST.* One who is a believer in,
and professor of, the physiological and patholo-
gical opinions of Broussais. The system itself
was called Bsoubsaism or the Bhysiological
Doctrine*
BROW, Front— b. Agne, Neuralgia fronta-
lis.
BROWN RED, Colcothar.
BROWN'IAN, Broiimo'niaih Bruno'nian.
Relating to the systemor opinions of John Brown.
BROWNISM, Bru^Ttomam, Bruno'nianiam.
The doctrines of Brown.
BROWNIST, Browno'numy Bruno
follower of the system of Brown.
BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.
after Brace, the Abyssinian traveller.
rugin'eoyAngustu'ra 9pu*riay{ F . )Pausse Angus-
tun, A. Perrugtneuse. The systematic name of
the plant whence is obtained the /also Angus-
tura Bark, It aflbrds Bruda.
BRUCIA, Bmcine^
BRUCINE, Bru'eioy Bruei'nay Bruei'num,
Bru'HwHy Paeudangusturi'numy Vom'ieine, An
organic,.8alifiable base, discovered in the false
Angustnra — Brueea anti-dysenter^ia^f and ob-
taioed from Strychnos nux vom'iea. It is of a
pnrly white; crystallizes in oblique prisms
vrith a parallelogrammatic base; is very bitter,
slightly acrid and styptic, and soluble in water,
bat more so in alcohol. Brucia is a less active
poiflon than strychnia. It resembles it/ how-
ever, and may be used as a substitute for it and
for the extract of nux vomica. Dose, half a
pain.
BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car-
bonic acid and iron.
BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bnicourt is three leagues and a half from Caen
in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic
«id, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda,
much solphate of lime, &c.
Called
B. fer-
BRT7ISE, Contusion.
BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria.
BRUISSEMENT, (F.) Frem'itus. This
word has much the same signification as Bour-
donn&ment, (q. v.) as well as Bruit,
BRUIT, (F.) < Sound,' (q. v.) A French
term applied to various sounds heard on per-
cussion and auscultation, viz.
BRUIT DE CRAQUBMENT, B. de TiraU-
lementy Bruit d& euir neuf, * sound of crackling,
or bursting, or of new leather.' A sound pro*'
duced by the friction of the pericardium, when
dried and roughened by inflammation.
BRUIT DU CGSTjR FCETAL, Battemens
doubles ; Double bruit du Caur du Fd^us. The
pulsations of the fcetal heart heard in auscultation
in the latter half of utero-gestation.
BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF^Bruit de eraque-
mont,
BRUIT DE DIABLEyRonJUmentdeDiable,
Bruit de soujfie d double eourant, * noise of the
diable or humming-top.' Venous Hum, A high
degree of Bruit de souffiet, heard on auscultating
the arteries. It denotes an impoverished state
of the blood.
BRUIT DOUBLE DU C(EUR DU FOS-
TUB, Bruit du Caur fiBtal-^, de Fr6lement,
see Fr6lement.
BRUIT DE FROTTEMENT ASCEN-
DANT ET DESCENDANT, < Sound of fric-
tion of ascent and descent.' Sounds produced
by the rubbing of the lung against the parietes
of the chest, as it rises and falls during inspira-
tion and expiration. They are distinctly heard in
pleuritis, when the pleura has become rough-
ened by the disease. Friction sounds or To-
and'fro sounds are also heard in pericarditis
and peritoni tis.
BRUIT HUMORIQUE, B, Bydropneuma-
tique. The sound afforded on percussion when
organs are filled with liquid and air.
BRUIT ETDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit
kwnorique,
BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound ac-
companying the first sound of the heart, referred
by some to muscular contraction. Called, also.
Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of dis-
tant wheels.
BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifiement module,
BRUIT DE FARCHEMIN. 'Parchment
tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets
of parchment applied to each other. It is said
to be produced by thickening and rigidity of the
valves of the heart.
BRUIT FLACENTAIRE, B, de soufiet
placentaire, B, utirin. Souffle utirin. Souffle
plaeentaire. Placental bellows' sound, Utero-
plaeen*tal murmur, Uterine murmur. The bel-
lows' sound heard on auscultating over the site
of the placenta in a pregnant female. It does
not appear to be owing to the placental vessels :
but to the uterine tumour pressing upon the
large vessels of the mother.
BRUIT DE PO T FlLi; * Sound of a cracked
vessel.' This sound is heard on percussion,
when a cavern in the lungs is filled with air,
and has a narrow outlet.
BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, ' Soundof scra-
a* .' A sound produced by the scraping of
, solid membranes, as the pericardium,
against each other.
BRUIT DE rJpE, « Sound of a rasp.' A
BRXnr BOTATOIRE
198
BUBO
sound heard during the contraction of either
the auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and
the contraction of the cavity is more prolonged
than natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as
it were-^stifled sound.
It indicates contraction of the valvular ori-
fices by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification,
and is better heard near the apex of the heart,
if the auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned,
— ^near the base if the semilunar valves be the
seat of the disease.
BRUIT ROTATOIREy Bruit musndaire.
BRUIT DB SCIEy or < sayv-sound,' and
BauiT DE LIMB a Bois, or ' file-sound,' resemble
the Bruit d$ Rdpe, (q. v.)
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE a DOUBLE COU-
RANT, Bruit de DiabU,
BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de SouJU,
'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.' A sound
like that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the
ear applied to the chest during the contraction
of the ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It
coexists with afiTections of the heart, but ,is
beard, also, without any disease in that organ,
— whenever, indeed, an artery is compressed.
An Encephalic bellows' sound, has been described
by Drs. Fisher and Whitney. It is heard on ap-
plying the ear to the occiput or to the top of the
head; and is considered to indicate turgescence
of vessels, or inflammation. When such. tur-
gescence exists, the vessels are compressed,
and the compression gives rise to the sound in
question.
BRUlTDESOUFFLETPLACENTAIREy
Bruit placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit iU
craqu&ment.
BRUIT DE TAFFETAS. « Sound of Taf-
feta.' 'Sarcenet sound,' A respiratory sound
so named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling
the sound caused by the tearing of a piece c^
tafifeta; and which he considers to indicate he-
patization of the lung limited to the surfiice in
pneumonia.
BRUIT rrj»fP./^JV/Qt7Z:,<Tympanic sound.'
The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto-
mach and intestines when containing air.
BRUIT UTRAIN, B. placetUaire.
BRULUREy Burn.
BRUNELLE, Prunella.
BRUNNER'S GLANDS, BrunneH Glcm'-
dulcB, Glandtda solita'ritBy Solitary glands.
Solitary follicles, Second pan'creas. Mucipa-
rous follicles of a small size, seated between the
muoous and muscular coats of the stomach,
along the two curvatures of that organ, and in
the small intestines, especially the duodenum;
so called from their discovery having been ge-
nerally attributed to Brunner. The solitary
intestinal follicles are usually knownj at the
present day, as the glands of Brunner, although
Brunner restricted the latter term to the glands
of the duodenum.
BRUNONIAN, Brownian.
BRUNONIANISM, Brownism. .
BRUNUS, Erysipelas.
BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
BRUSH, Scop'vla, (F.) Brosse. A well
known instrument, used in medicine chiefly for
the following purposes. 1 . To clean the teeth.
2. To remove the saw-dust, which adheres to
the teeth of the trephine, during the operation
of trephining. 3. To rub the surface of the
body, for the purpose of exciting the skin, and
favouring transpiratiim. Westring, a Swedish
physician, has recommended metallic brushes
for the purpose of conveying galvanism to a
part. These brushes consist of a plate of ebon)
fitted to another of gold, in which threads of ^
same metal are fixed; — ^the brush being con-
nected with one of the poles of the galvanic pile.
BRT!sit, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
BRUT A, Juniperus sabina.
BRUTIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained
from Brutia in Italy. From the Fix Brutia
was obtained the O'leum Fiei'numm
Brutia, Instinct*
BRUTINO, Terebinthina.
BRUXANELI. A Malabar tree, the bark
and leaves of which have a strong smell, and
are astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its
i'uice, mixed with butter, is applied to boils,
ts bark is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots
anti-arthritic.
BRVTkRE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris.
BRUYtRES, MINERAL WATERS OF-
Brtiy^res is a small village, 7^ leagues from
Luneville. The waters are acidulous and cha-
lybeate.
BRYCETOS, see. Algidus.
HRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus.
BRYCHETOS, see Algidus.
BRYGMA, Brygmus, Trisis, Pri^is, Pris-
mus, Odontopri'sis, Stridor Den'Hum, (F.)
Gi inceme?it des Dents, (q. v. ) Grinding of the
teeth. A common symptom in children of gas-
tric or other derangement, but often present
when there is no reason to suspect any.
BRYO'NIA KLBK\ White Bry'ony, VUis
alba sylves'tris, Agros'tis, Agriam'pelos, Am'pi-
los a'gria, Areheos'tris, Eehetro'eisy Bryo'nia
as'pera, Cedros'tis, Chelido'nium, Lahrus'eay
Mdo'thmm, Ophrostaph'ylon, Psilo'thrufHf Bry-
onia Dioi'ea. Nat. Ord» Cucurbitaceae. Ser.
Syst, MonoeciaMonadelphia. (F.) Couleuvrie,
Vigne vierge, V. blanche. The root is large
and succulent, and has an acrid, bitter, and dis-
agreeable taste.. It is a drastic cathartic. Ex-
ternally, it has been applied, in form of cata-
plasm, in gout. When repeatedly washed, a
good starch is obtained from it. The active
principle has been separated from it, and called
Bry^onine,
BRYONIA Mechoacanxa NIGRICANS, Convol-
vulus jalapa — b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapo.
BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba.
BRYTIA, Marc of grapes.
BRYTON, Cerevisia.
BU, /Jov, abbreviation oTfiovg, * an ox;' in com-
position expresses, < excess, greatness.' Hence
Bulim/us, Buphthal'mia, &c.
BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BUBE, Pustiile.
BUBO, /}« vj9o>», Pano'ehta, Panus ingtiina'lis,
Adcnophy'ma inguinalis, Bubonopa'^ms, Bnbo'
wm'cus, Bubon'eus, Cambu'ea, Angt/ts, Boubon,
Codoee'li,CodosceVla,{Y.) Bubon, Ponlaifi, In
the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word
sometimessignifies the groin~/n^^n; at others,
the inguinal. glands; and at others, again, swell-
ing or inflammation of these parts. The mo-
derns apply the term to an inflammatory tumour
seated in the groin or axilla, and they generally
distinguish, 1. Simple or sympathetic Bubo,
which is independent of any virus in the eco-
nomy. 2. Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon vinirisn,
which is occasioned by the venereal virus. 3.
BXTBON
1^
BUCKWHEAT
PtstilenHal Buhoy or B. symptomatic of the
Plague. The last two hare by some been
called maUgnmU Buboy (F.) Bttbon malin,
Frimary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitifj shows
itself with the first symptoms of syphilis : the
consecutive not till afterwards.
BURONy Bubo, Inguen — ^b. Gommiferum,
see Ammoniac guii^
BuBON Gal'bamtjh. The systematic name
of a plant which has been supposed to afford
the galbanum. Meta'piouy Mato'rittm, The
plant is also called Fer'ula Afriea^na, Oreoseii'-
num A/rica'numy Ani^snm frutictfsufm gaibo'
nd/*srumy Anisum Afriea'numfrutes'coTiSySreli'^
num GtUbanumy The long-leaved or lovage-
leaved Gal'banum, Nat. Ord. UmbelliferaB.
The plant can scarcely, however, be considered
to be determined. Gialbanum is the gummi-re-
sinoQS juice of this tree. Its odour is fetid, and
taste bitter and acrid: the agglutinated tears
are of a white colour, on a ground of reddish-
brown. It forms an emulsion, when triturated
with water, and is soluble in proof spirit of
wine, and vinegar: s. g. Ii213. It has been
given as an antispasmodic, and expectorant, in
pill or emulsion. Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Ex-
ternally, it is applied as a cataplasm.
BvBON Mackdor'zcum, Puroseli'num Maee-
donficumy A'pium petra'umy Petralpiumy (F.)
Persil de Maeedoine, Maeedo'nian Parsley,
Its properties are similar to those of common
parsley, but weaker and less grateful. The
seeds are an ingredient in the celebrated com-
pounds, Mithn&te and Theriac.
BUBONA, Nipple.
BUBONALGIA, from Heo^vy <the groin,'
and «iix««, *pain.' Pain in the groin.
BUBONCUS, Bubo. -
BUB01<f lUM, Astor Atftieusy Golden Star^
vort. A plant anciently supposed to be effi-
cacioDS in diseases of tlie groin, from pov^v,
* the groin.'
BUBONOCE'LG, from jfovjS«r, <the groin,'
and xr^if, < tumour,' < nipture.' Her'nia ingui"
naiisy (F.) Hemie inguinale, In^guinal Her^
»/a, or Rupture of the Crroin. Some surgeons.
Lave confined this term to hernia when limited
to the groin, and have called the same affection,
when it has descended to the scrotam, Oscheo-
€* l€y or Scrotal Hernia, The rupture passes
through the abdominal ring: and, in coose-
queoce of the greater size of the opening in the
male, it is more frequent iu the nude sex.
BUBONONCUS, Bubo.
BUBONOPANUS, Bubo.
BUBONOREX'IS, from fiouflary <the groin,'
and Qt-ltfy *tL rupture.' A name given to bubo-
nocele when accompanied with a division of the
peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is de-
void of a sac.
BUBONIJLTJS, Bubun'eulns. A diminutive
of Buhoy (q. V.) A painful swelling of the
lymphatics of the penis, extending along the
fiarsum of that organ to the groin. It is an oc-
casional accompaniment of gonorrhcea*
BUBUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare
for a red pimple on the nose.
BUBUNCtJLUS, Bubonulus.
BUCAROS, Terra Portogallica.
BUCC Ay Gnathos. The mouth. The cheek
and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva.
BUCCAC'EATON, from Bueea, and jc^av,
< I mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine,
which served of old for a breakfast. — Linden.
BUCCAL, Bueea'lisy from Buceay Uhe
mouth,' or n^er <the cheek.' That which
concerns the mouth, and especially the cheek.
Buccal Aktert, A* Sus-maanllairey (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an^
tieay or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches
to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal
membrane.
Buccal Glands, Molar Glands, Mucous
follicles, seated in the buccal membrane, oppo-
site the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid
humour, which mixes with the saliva, and lu-
bricates the mouth.
Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Buceale*
The mucous membrane, which lines the inte*
rior of the mouth.
Buccal Ne£Ve, or Buecina'tor Nerve, Bueco >
labial^Ch,y) is given off by the inferior maxil-
lary. It sends its branches to the cheeky and
especially to the buccinator muscle.
Buccal Vein follows the artery.
BUC'CEA, Bueeel'la. The fleshy excres-
cence of nasal polypus, so called because it
was believed to proceed from the mouth.— Para-
celsus. Also, a mouthful.
BUCCELA'TON, BueeeUtus. A loaf-
shaped cathartic medicine; made chiefly of
scammony. — Actius, Paulus of iEgina.
BUCCELLATIO. A mode of arresting he-
morrhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the
bleeding vessel. — Avicenna, Fallopius.
BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
BUCCINA'TOR, from buecinare, ' to sound
the trumpet.' The Buecina'tor Musele, 22«-
trae'tor An'guti Orisy Bueco-Alveolo-maxil"
lairSy Alveolo-labial — (Ch.,) Manso'rius, is
situate in the substance of the cheeks. It ex-
tends between the posterior portions of the al-
veolar arches of the two jaws and the commis- ,
sure of the lips, which it draws backward. It
assists in mastication, by pushing the food back
towards the teeth ; ancl^ if the cheeks be dis-
tended by air, its contraction forces it out.
BUCC 0. One who is blob-cheeked, or wide-
mouthed. ;
BUCCO'ALVAOLO'MAXILLAIREy Buc-
cinator.
BUCCO-LABIAL NEftVE, Buccal nerve.
BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bueeo-Pharyn-
ge'usy (F.) Bueeo'Pharyngien, Belonging to
the mouth and pharynx. The Bucro-pharyn"
ge'al Aponeuro'sis or Intermaxillary Lig'amenty
extends from the internal ala of the pterygoid
process to the posterior part of the lower alveo-
lar arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to
the buccinator, and posteriorly to the constric-
tor pharyngis superior.
BUC'CULA, from Bueeoy «the month.' A
small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the
chin. — ^Bartholine.
BUCERAS, Trigonella foennm.
BUCHU LEAVES, Diosma crenata.
BUCICBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata -^ b.
American, Menyanthes vema.
BUCKET FEVER, Dengue.
BUCKEYE, .£sculus hippocastanum.
BUCKHO, Diosma crenata.
BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus.
BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum— b.
Plant, eastern. Polygonum divaricatum.
BUCNEMIA
190 BUPLEURUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM
BTJCNEMI A , see Elephantiati*— b. Tropica^
see Elephantiasis.
BUCTON, Hymen.
BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Coriam pUo-
gisticnm.
BUFFY COAT, Corimn pblogisticum.
BUG, (BED,) Cimex.
BU6ANTIA, Chilblain.
BUG'GERY, Sotromy, Sodom'ia, Co'itus
Sodomit'ieusy (I.) Bugarofu. Said to have
been introdaced b^the Balgarians. A carnal
copulation against nature, as of a man or woman
with any animal; or of a man with a man, or a
man unnaturally with a woman. The unna-
tural crime.
BUGLE, Prunella — ^b. Common, Ajuga rep-
tans — 5. Pyraimidaley Ajuga — h. Rampanie,
Ajuga reptans — ^b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus
— ^b. Weed, Lycopus.
BVGLOSBy Anchusa officinalis.
BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria— b.
Garden, Anchusa officinalis — ^b. Upright, Ajuga.
BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis.
BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MA-
JUS, Anchusa officinalis — ^b. Latifolium, Bora-
go officinalis— b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis
— b. Sylvestris, Anchusa officinalis — ^b. Tincto-
rum, Anchusa tinctoria — ^b. Verum, Boracic
acid-— b. Yulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis.
BXTGRANDE ItFINEirSE,Ononu spinosa.
BUGRANEy Ononis spinosa?— ^. d$s Champs,
Ononis arvensis.
BUGULA, Ajuga.
BUIS, Buxus.
BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui-
sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in
France. The water contains chloride of cal-
cium and carbonate of lime.
BULB, Bvlbus, (F.) BuiU. A name, given
by anatomists to diffisrent parts which ;-esem-
ble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. ThtBtUb
of the Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta.
Bulb of a Tooth; the vascular and nervous pa-
pilla contained in the cavitj of a tooth. The
Bulb or Root of the Hair is the part whence
the hair originates. The Bulb of the Urethra
is the dilated portion formed by the commence-
ment of the Corpus spongiosum towards the
root of the penis. We say, also. Bulb, for
Globe, of the eye.
Bulb of the Etb, see Eye — ^b. Rachidian,
see Medulla oblongata.
BU'L0£, Bulb— A. J0 laVoUte a trots Pi-
lisrs. Mamillary tubercles.
BULBI PRIORUM CRURUM FORNICIS,
Mamillary tubercles.
BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinae
— ft. Syndesmo^avemeuxy Accelerator urinas —
A. Uretral, Accelerator urinae.
BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva.
BULBUS, Bulb.
BiTLBus Esculkn'tus. The Es'eulent Bulb:
a particular kind, so denominated by the an-
cients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa
Asealon'iea. — Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, &c.
BuLBus OcuLX, see Eye — ^b. Pili, see nair.
BuLBus VoMiTo^aius. A plant, said by Dios-
corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the
Musk-grape flower, according to Ray, — the
Hyaeinthus Museari,
BUL6A, Vulva.
BULIMIA, Bonlitaiia.
BUI-ITHOS, from /f«uc, <an ox,' and ^i^cc,
'a stone.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an oz
or cow.
BULLA, (F.) Bulls. A Bleb. A portion
of the cuticle, detached fnpi the akin by the
interposition of a transparent, watery fluid. It
forms the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's
arrangement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
erysipelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By
some. Bulla has been used synonymously with
Pemphigus y (q. v.) See, also, Hydatid.
BULLACE PLUM, Prunus invitia.
BULLiE ROTUNDA CERVICIS UTERI,
Nabothi glandulas.
BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior.
BUNA, Coffea Arabica.
BUNDURH, Corylus avellana.
BUNIAS, Brassica napus.
BU'NIOID, Bunioi'desyNa^piform; from fitt-
riov, <a turnip,' and uSe^y * resemblance.' An
epithet for a form of cancer, bearing some re-
semblance to a turnip.
BUNION, Bunyon.
BUNITES VINUM. A wine, made by in-
fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic,
but scarcely ever used.
BU'NIUM BULBOCASTANUM, |fov»iet,jso
called, it has been supposed, from growing oo
hills, from |?ei;f«c, 'a nill.' Balanoeas'tanum.
The systematic name of a plant, whose root is
called Pig-ntUy (q. v.) AgHoctu'tanwrn, Nu-
cuta terres'trisy Bulboeasta'neum, Bulboeas'"
tahum majfis et minus, Earth-nuty Hauf k n ut ,
Kipper-nuty (F.) Terre^noix. The root is tube-
rous, ahd is eaten raw or roasted. It has been
supposed to be of use in strangury. It is not em-
ployed in nSedicine.
BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bun'niany from |9»uf oc,
<an eminence.' (T) An enlargement and in-
flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside
of the ball of the great toe.
BUOPHTHALMIA, Bnphthalmia.
BUPEINA, Boulimia.
BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tine
toria.
BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthal'mioy Bupk-
thal'mos, Elephantom'ma, from /fov^, *an ox,'
and e^^flX/uoc, <an eye.' Oa>eye. Under this
name, the generality of authors nave designated
the first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with
Sabatier, mean, by it, turgescence of the vi-
treous humour, which, by pushing the iris for-
wards, forms around the crystidline a sort of
border.
BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis
Pyrethrum — ^b.. Majus, Chrysanthemum leu-
canthemum.
BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Sem-
pervivum tectorum.
BUPINA, Boulimia.
BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifo-
lium.
BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFOl-IUM, Bt/-
pleu'rouy BupleuroVdesy from /f^c/, augmenta-
tive, and 7iil«vpflr, *side,' (F.) BupthjrSy Perce-
feuilUy Round4eaved Hare's Ear, Thorourwetx.
The herb and seeds are slightly aromatic. It
was formerly celebrated for curing ruptures,
BVPLkVRE
131
BUTUA
being made into a cataplasm with wine and
oatmeal.
BUrLkVRE, Bupleunmi rotnndifblium.
BURAC. Borax. Also, ahy kind of salt.
(Arabic.)
BURDOCK, Arctibm lappa-^b. Lesser, Xan-
thiom.
BURIS. Heiniii accompanied by scirrhous
tnmefisction; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour
only. — Avicenna.
BURN. Sax. beirnan or btnnan, *to burn
or bren.' XJa'tiOy Ambus'tioy Adu^tioy Tretia
Causisy Erifthe'ma Ambua'tioy Causis, Eneauf'
sisy Pyrieaua*titm, Combugtn'roy Catarau'may
Combtts'tioy (F.) Br^ure, An injury pro-
duced by the action of too great heat on the
body. Burns are of greater or less extent,
from the simple irritation of the integument to
tbe complete destruction of the part. The con-
seqaences are more or less severe, according to
the extent of injury, and the part affected.
Bunts of the abdomen, when apparently doing
well, are sometimes followed by iatal results.
Their treatment varies, — at times, the antiphlo-
gistic being required; at others, one more
stimulating.
BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
BURNETT'S DISINFECTINa LIQUID.
A solution of chloride of zinc, first used by Sir
WilUami Burnett for preserving timber, can-
vass, &c., from dry rot, mildew, &c., and after-
wards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe-
cially in the case of dead bodies.
BtTRNING, Brenning, A disease mentioned
by old historians, from which authors have un-
successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an-
tiquity of syphilis. — Parr.
BURRHISPIRITUSMATRICAI-IS. The
f^pirit of Burrhus for diseaads of the Womb.
It is prepared by digesting, in -alcohol, equal
parts of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic. Boer-
haave frequently prescribed it.
BURSA CORDIS,Pericardium— b.Testium,
Scrotum— b. Virilis, Scrotum.
BURS^ MUCCS^, Burs€B mveo'stB vest-
ntlafresy Bursa seu Caj/sttla aynovia'lety Blan-
uoeyytides, Saeci mueo'aiy Veai'ea unguino'acB
ten'dinnmy Synovial Crypts or Follielesy (F.)
Bourats SynovftJea. Small membranous sacs,
situate about the joints, particularly about the
large ones of the upper and lower extremities,
and, for the most part, lying under the tendons.
They are naturally fill^ with an oily kind of
Huid, the use of which is to lubricate surfaces
over which the tendons play. In consequence
of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes col-
lects to a great extent. The bursas are, gene-
rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and
they have been arranged under two classes, the
Mpkerieal and the vagiruzl.
Bd.sjs Sykoviai^es, Bursse mucosae.
BURSALIS, Obturator intemus.
BURSEHA GUMMIF'ERA, TersHnth'ua
srnmmif*eray Jmnaica Bark Tree. A resin ex-
udes from this tree, which is solid externally,
as met with in the shops ; softish internally; of
a vitreous fracture; transparent; of a pale yel-
low colour; turpentine smell, and. sweet, per-
fumed taste. It has been used like balsams
and turpentines in general, and is called, by
the French, Caekibouy Chibouy and Reains de
Gomart,
BURSULA, Scrotum.
BURTHISTLB, Xanthium.
BURWEED, Xanthium.
BURWORT, Ranunculus acris.
BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bussang is a village in the department of Voe-
ges, France. The waters are acidulous chaly-
beates.
BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi.
BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, B«.
zoar'die Spirit of Buaaiua, A preparation,
regarded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmo-
dic; obtained by distilling subcarbonate and
muriate of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or
juniper, &c.
BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This
island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles
below Greenocl;* The climate is mild and
equable, but rather moist; and, as a winter re-
sidence, it holds out advantages for those only
that appear to demand such a condition of the
atmosphere. The climate resembles, in cha-
racter, that of the S. W. of England and France,
and the channel islands; although its tempera-
ture is lower.
BUTEA FRONDO'SA, see Kino. A tree,
common in Bengal, and in the mountainous
parts of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosae; from
which gum hutaa flows. Dr. Pereira found this
gum to be identical with a specimen marked
gummi rubrum aatringena — ^the gomms tiatrin"
gente da OamHe of M. Guibourt. By some this
gum has been confounded with kino.
BUTIGA, Gutta rosea.
BUTOMON, Iris peeudacorus.
BUTTER, from fiovrv^or; itself from (fovt,
< ox,' and Tu^oc. * any thing coagulated.' Bnty'-
rum, Pice'riofiy (¥.) B$urre. A sort of con-
crete oil; obtained from the cream that forms
on the surface of the milk fUrnished by the fe-
males of the mammalia; especially by the cow
and the goat. Fresh butter is very nutritious,
whilst the rancid is irritating. The ancient
chemists gave the name Butter to many of the
metallic chlorides. It has also been applied to
vegetable substances, which resemble, in some
respects, the butter obtained from milk.
Butter of Bambouc or Bambtjc,(F.) B^wrr*
de BAmhouc ou Bamhuk. A vegetable oil ob-
tained from a species of almond, and used in
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
Butter of Ca'cao, OU of Ca'eao, Oleum Co"
eao apiaaa'tumy O. Tkeobro'ma Caeao exprea*-
aumy (F.) Benrre de Caeao, Huile de Caeao. A
fat substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste,
obtained f)rom the Theobroma eaeaoy or choco-
late nut.
Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Beurre de Coco. A
fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and
agreeable.
BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris.
BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa.
BUTTERMILK, (T.) Babeurre, Lait de
Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from
the- cream bv churning. It contains caseum
and a little butter. It is a refreshing drink
when newly made.
BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris.
BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus oc-
cidentalis.
BUTUA, Pareira brava.
BUTTRUM
189
CACCIONDE
BUTYRUM, Batter--b. Amygdalarom dul-
cium, Confection (almond) — b. Saturni, Un-
guentum plumbi superacetatis— b. Zinci^ Zinci
chloridum.
BUVEURy Rectus Internus ocnli.
BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS DF,fli«>
tonien'ses A^ee. Buxton is a village in Der-
byshire. The springs are thermal, and about
82^ Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda,
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic
acid, and azote. They are used in cases in
which thermal springs, in general, are recom*
mended. They contain little or no mineral im-
pregnation.
BUXUS, Buxus stmpervi'rens. The Box-
treey (F.) Buig ou Bouit* The leaves are bit-
ter and aromatic, and, as such, have been used
in medicine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, &c.,
in the form of decoction. They are sometimes,
also, added, to beer. The seed was anciently
called Carthifgon,
BYNE, Malt.
BY^RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Couw-
ehefy filled with cephalic substances. — ^Forestns.
BYRSA, ^v^c^i* A leather skin to spread
plasters upon.
BYRSODEFSICON. A tan stuff, with which
CiKLius AuAEUANus Sprinkled wool, which he
applied in certain cases to the umbilical region:
from fivfVi * leather,' and J#i^», < I tan.'
BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM,TanniiL
BYSAU'CHEN, from /9u«, < I stop up,' wd
cof/tpfy * the neck.' A morbid stiffness of the
neck. One with a short neck, — Simotraehg'lut,
BYSSOS, Vulva.
BYSSUS, Byssvm, The ancienU gave this
name to several vegetable substances, which
were used for the fabrication of stuffs prized
for their fineness, colour, and rarity of material.
It is now chiefly applied to the filaments, bv
the aid of which the acephalous molloaca attach
their shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly
also applied to the famale pitdendum,
BYTHOS, /9ud'0f, < depth.' An epithet used
by Hippocrates for the fundus of tlie stomach.
C.
C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig-
nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for cabc.
C AA-AP'IA, Dorste'nia Brazilian' sis. The
root, according to Piso, is employed as emetic
and anti-diarrhceic.
C A A-AT AY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed
to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter,
and considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata.
CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex hoifeifer BraxiH-
9n'sis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in
powder, are considered detersive.
CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum.
C AAPEBA, Pareira brava.
CAAP0N6A, Crithmum maritimum.
C A AROB A . A Brazilian tree, whose loaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera-
tonia.
CABAL, Cdh'alay Cabal'la, Qal'balay Caha'-
Ha, Kab'alay GAballa. This word is from the
Hebrew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by
tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of
the 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much
of this species of magic, which they distin-
guished into Judaic or theologianyUid Hermetic
or medicinal; the latter being, according to
thein, the art of knowing the most occult pro-
perties of bodies by an immediate communica-
tion with spirits, — ^the knowledge being liius
acquired by inspiration, and incapable of in-
ducing error. It was also called Are cabalis'-
tica, < cabalistic art.'
C ABAL'H AU. A plant of Mexico, accord-
ing to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote
to white hellebore, and yet is used for poison-
ing arrows. It is unknown to botanists..
C AB'ALIST, Cahalis'ta. One instructed in
the Cabal.
CABALLATION, Cynoglossum.
CABARET, Asarum.
CABBAGE, Brassica^c. Cow, Nymphaea
odorata — c. Irish, Bracontium fcetidum^c.
Skunk, Dracontium f(Btidum«— c. Swamp, Bra-
contium foetidum — c. Water, Nymphaoai odorata
c. Tree, Geoffirasa inermis — c.. Bark tree,
Geoffreea inermis.
C ABB AGIUM, tTeofirasa inermis.
C ABUREIBA, Myxoxybn Peruiferum.
CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruife-
rum.
CACiE'MIA, Cae^a'mia, from xaxoc,<bad/
and *aifAAy < blood.^ A faulty or morbid condi-
tion of the blood.
C AC^STHE'SIS, Caeawthe'sis, Cacoeuth^-
sis, from xaxoc, * bad,' and aiodi^oi^, ' feeling/
Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In-
disposition.
CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonas.
C AC'AGOGUE, Caeago'gus, from namw, 'ex-
crement,' and diyccy, ' to expel.' . An ointment,
composed of alum and honey; which, when ap-
plied to the anus, produced an evacuation.—
Paulus of .£gina.
CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
CACAl-IA ANTEITPHOR'BIUM, Anteu-
phor'bium, . A plant, which Dodoens and others
coftsidered to be capable of tempering the caus-
tic properties of the euphorbium. It is also
called Klein'ia,
Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in
different countries, chiefly as condiments.
C A'CAO, Ca'coay Co'coa Cacamf'era, Coca''
vi, Quakoii, Cacava'ta, The cocoa or choco-
late nut; fruit of Thabro'ma Cacao; Familff,
Malvaceae. Sea. Syst, Polydelphia Pentandria.
CACATION, Defecation.
CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from caeare, 'to
go to stool.' Febris eacato'ria; a kind of inter-
mittent fever, accompanied by copious alvine
evacaations.---Sylvius.
CACAVATA, Cacao.
C AC AVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
CACCE, Excrement,
CACCIONDE
138
CAC0SI8
C ACCION'DE. A Boit of i»ll, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Bagliy i in dysentery.
CACEPHEBOTESIA, Puberty.
CACHANG-PARANG. A rort of bean of
Snntatra, mentioned by Martden, whose seeds
axe given in pleurisy. Jxissieu considers it to
be Die Mimosa scandens.
CACHECTIC, Cache<ft6sfiathee'ticus, same
etymon as Cacheria. One attacked with ca-
chexia. Belonging to cachexia. Caehee'tiea
remedia are remedies against cachexia.
CACHEN LAGUEN^ Chanchalagua, Chiro-
ivia Chilensis.
CACHEXIA, from uauo^y «bad,' and '.$«c,
< habit.' Status eachee'tieus, A condition in
which the body is evidently depraved. A bad
habit of body ; chiefly the result of scorbutic,
cancerous, or venereal disefises when in their
last stage. Hence we hear of a Scorbutic Co-
cktxioy Cancsrfms Cachexia, &c. Sauvages and
Cullen have included under this head a number
of diseases — consumptions, dropsies, &c. Ca-
chexia has, been sometimes confounded with
diathesis. Cachexia Icter'ica. is jaundice or
icterus itself, or a disposition thereto. Fluor
albus is sometimes called Cachexia Uterina,
Cachexia Africana, Chthonophagia — c.
Calculosa, Lithia — c. Cancerous, see Cancer —
c. Chlorotic, Chlorosis— c. Dysthetica, Dyscra-
sia — c. Icterica, Icterus.
Cachexia Loift»f ren'sis. The paleness and
other evidences of impaired health presented
by the inhabitants of London: a similar ca-
chexia is seen in those of other crowded cities.
Cachexia, Scorbutic, see Purpura — c. Scro-
phulosa. Scrofula.
Cachexia Sple'nica. The state of scorbu-
tic cachexia, which often accompanies diseases
of the spleen, especially in India.
Cachexia Venerea, Syphilis — c. Venous,
Venosity— c. Virginum, Chlorosis.
CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
CACHINNA'TIO, from eachitmoyn laugh
aloud.' A tendency to immoderate laughter,
as in some hysterical and maniacal aflkctions.
CACHIRI. A fermented liquor made, in
Cayenne, from a decoction of the rasped root of
the manioc. It resembles perry.
C AC BX.EX. A small stone or pebble, found
on the sea shore. One of these, when heated
in the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates
an astringency to the liquid, so that it was an
ciently esteemed to be useful in dysentery. —
Galen.
CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of
a Solannm, which is esteemed lithontriptic.
CACHOUy Catechu.
CACHRYS LIBANCTIS. An umbellife-
rous plant which grows in Africa and the South
of Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its
seeds are extremely acrid.
CACHUN'DP^. An Indian troch or pastile
composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnamon,
aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies^ eme-
ralds, fcamets, &c. It is regarded by the peo-
ple of India as an antidote, stomachic and anti-
spasmodic.
CACO, xaexo, properly only an abbreviation
of soxof. In composition it means something
defective ; as in the following words.
CACO^STHESIS, Cacaesthesis.
CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic.
C ACOCHO'LIA^from x*jroc, 'bad,* and /ein,
'bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved condi-
tion of the bile.
CAC'OCHROI, Cacoehra'esy from xairoc,
'bad,' and ^oa, 'colour.' Diseases in which
the complexion is morbidly changed in colour.
CACOCHYL'IA, from s«xo(, 'bad,* and
Tvxof , ' chyle.' Depraved chylification.
CAC0C5HYM'IA, Kaioehym'ia, Corrup'tio
Bufno'rumy from xanos, 'bad,' and /vfnof, 'juice,'
'humour.' Caeoeh'ymy, Depravation of the
humours.
Cacochtmia Pluhbba, Lead poisoning — c.
Scorbutica, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scro-
fula— c. Venerea, Syphilis.
CACOCHTMUS, CatochyWicus. One at-
tacked with cacocbymia. Belonging to caco-
chymia.
CACOCNE'MUS, Caeocne'micusy Maiis
suris prcsdi'tus; from kxaoc, 'bad,' and itn»/ui;,
'the leg.' One who has bad legs. •
CACOCOREMA, from Kaxsc, 'bad,' and
jre^«», ' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which
purges off* the vitiated humours.
CACODiE'MON, from Koxof, ?bad,' and ^i-
/Kow, 'a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were
ascribed many disorders. The nightmare.
CACO'DES, from xaxoq, 'bad,' and ct»i», 'to
smell,' — malholens. Having a bad smell;
Caco'dia, Cacos'vUa.
CACO I )I A, see Cacodes.
CACOETHES, Caconh'ieus, from xaxot,
'bad,' and c^e;, 'disposition, habit,' &c. Of a
bad or vitiated character, as ulcus eaeo(^thesy
an ulcer of a malignant character.
CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes.
C ACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoga'lia, from xaitof ,
'bad,' and yayAty gen. yctltfxToc, ' milk.' A bad
condition of the milk.
CACOGALAC'TICA, same etymon as the
last. One who suflers from a bad condition of
the milk.
CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
CACOGEN'ESIS, from v.a*oiy 'bad, and yi-
wo-if, 'generation.' A morbid formation.
CACOMORPHIA, Deformation.
CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
CACOPATHI'A, Pas'sio Mala, from «oxof ,
'bad,' and 7i«^c, 'affection.' A distressed
state of mind. — Hippocrates.
C ACOPHO'NI A, from x« «off, 'bad,' and ^wny
' voice,' vitiafta vox, A dissonant condition of
voice.
CACOPLASTIC, Caeopla/ticusy Dysplas-
mat*ie; from xoxoc, 'bad,* and Tlawtt, 'I form.'
Susceptible of dnly a low degree of organiza-
tion, as the indurations resulting from low or
chronic Inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrho-
sis, &c.
CACOPRA'GIA, Caeoprax'is, from xsxof,
' bad,' and vqattv, • I perform.' Depraved con-
dition of-the organic functions.
CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia.
CACORRHACHITIS, from mxoc, 'bad,'
and Q*z'ff *^^ spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Caeo-
rhaehis, Cacorhaehi'tis, Spondylal'pia, De-
formity of the spine. Disease of the spine.
Spontaneous luxation of the vertebrae and ribs
dependent upon internal causes.
CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrhyth'mvsy from
xs xac, ' bad,' and qvSfcofy < rhythm,' ' order.' Ir-
regular.
C ACO'SIS. Mala disposi"tioy (F.) Vice. A
CACOSITIA
134
CiECUM
bad condition of body. — ^Hippocrates. A dia-
eaaed condition in general.
CACOSIT'IA, from jra«o(, < bad,' and i>it««»,
< aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food — Ftu-
tid'ium eibo'rum,
CACOSMIA, see Cacodes.
CACOSOMFUM, from k<«o(» <bad,' and
rai^«y < the body.' An hospital for leprosy, and
incurable affections in general.
CACOSPERMA'SIA, Caeosperma*tia, Co-
eotper^mia, from x*xot, 'bad,' and •'/ii^a,
* sperm.' A bad condition of the sperm.
CACOSPHYX'IA, from xaxof, 'bad,' and
<'fv^f, 'puise.'^-Vitio'MM puitus. Bad state
of pulse. — Galen.
CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from xauof, «bad,'
andtf-jiilflty^^ov, 'a Tiscns.' Indigestion. The
emaciation aependent upon imperfect digestion.
— Siebenhaar.
CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from «««•?, 'bad,'
and oTo/cax^Cf ' the stomach.' What disagrees
with the stomach. Indigestible. — Gorrseus.
CACOSTOMATOSPHRESI A, Breath, offen-
sive.
CACOSTOMUS, from jraieoc, «bad,» and
rr«M«9 ' A mouth.' Having a bad mouth.
C ACOTHYM'I A,rit'»tM» An'imi, froia »<jt«c,
'bad,' and ^v/uo(, 'mind,' 'disposition.' A vi-
tious state of mind. — Linden.
CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CACOTRICH'IA, from x*xoc, 'bad,' and
^Qdy r^tjr^c, 'hair.' Disease of the hair.
CACOTROPH'IA, from xoKOf, 'bad,' and
T^o9«, 'nutrition.' — Vitio'»a nutr%"Ho /—-disor-
dered nutrition.— Galen.
CACOU, Cagoty Catecbn.
CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA, Couein'ea Coe-
ein'eay Sehousbm'a eoeein^ea, Tihimma. A pe-
rennial twining shrub of South America, the
plant of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed
of emeto-cathartic properties.
C AC TIER, Cactus opuntia.
CACTUS OPUNTIA, Opun'tia. The In-
dian Figy (F.) Caeiier, Raqueitey Figuier
d*Indt, This plant grows in South America,
Spain, Italy, &c . Its fruit, which h^ the shape
of the fig, is of a sweetish taste, and colours
the urine red when eaten. Its leaves are con-
sidered refrigerant.
The fruits of different species of cactus are
called Tunas.
CADA'BA, Strol^mia. A genus of the fa-
mily Cappandea, natives of India and Arabia.
The young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'ta are
considered to be an antidote against venomous
bites.
C AD ATER, Ptoma, Necron, A d^ad body;
a subject; a eateass^ (F.) Cadavre. The word
has been supposed to come from eado, 'I fall;'
and by some to be a contraction from caro data
venfUbus, ' flesh given to the worms \
CADAVEROUS, Cadav'srte, Cadavsro'sus,
Neero'des, (F.) Cadavireux^ Belonging to
the dead body ; as cadaverous sm$lL The Ca-
daw'erous or Hippocrat'ie face (see Face,) is an
unfavourable sign in disease, and generally de-
notes a fatal termination.
Cadav'eroxjs or Cadav'brio Htpbrjb'mia.
The hypostatic hyperemia observed in depend-
ing parts of the dead body.
CADEJI-INDI, Malabathrum.
CADEL-AYANACU, Croton tiglium.
CADIA. An Egyptian, legnminoos plant.
The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves tlie
power of relieving colic.
CADIVA INSANIA, EpUepsy.
CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
CADMIl SULPHAS, Cadmium, nUpku'ri-
cum. Sulphas Cadmi'euSf MelVni StdphtUy
Klaprc'thii Sulphas, Klupro'thium Sulj^uru
eum, Melinum Sulphu'rieum, Sulphate of Cad-
mium* Used in spots on the cornea, and in
chronic torpid inflammation of the conjunctiva,
in ithe quantity. of half a grain to a grain to the
ounce of water.
CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sol-
phas.
CADTCHU, Catechu.
CADUCA HUNTERI, Deciduar-c. Pauio,
Epilepsy.
CADU'CITT, Ifubecil'litasy Delnl'itas, Co-
du'extcu, Ssoth cadere, 'to fiedl.' The French
use the word Cadueiti for the portion of homao
life which is comprised genenlly between 7U
and 80 years, ifhe age which precedes de*
crepitudcr It is so termed in consequence of
the limbs npt usually possessing sufficient
strength to support the body. The precise tge
must of course vary in individuals.
CADURCUS, Vulva.
CADUS, xa^ft;. A Greek measure equal to
ten gallons Enzlish. — Pliny.
Cadus, Amphora.
CiECA, FORAMINA— ANTERIUS ET
POSTERiUS— are situate at the fore and hack
parts of the tuber annulare of the brain, and St
the extremities of the depression made bj the
vertebral arterv. The former is placed between
the nerves of the third; and the latter between
those of the sixth pair.
CMCM H.£MORRHO]fa)ES, Blind PiUs,
(F.) Hemorrhoides aveugles, aie those unac-
companied by any discbarge.
CiEC AL, Caca'lis, Belonging to the cccnm,
from eteeus, ' blind, hidden.' The Crctd aru-
rits and veins are the branches of the Arterix
et venrn colica dextrm inferiores, distributed to
the caBCum.
CiECATRiX, Cicatrix.
C^'CITAS, Ca'eitasy Cseeiiu'do, Ablep'sis,
Obemca'tioy OecKca*tio, Anap'sia, Ty'phlous^
Typhlo'tisy Blindness, (F.) Aveuglement, Ci-
eiti, Psrte de la vue, Caecitas may be dependent
upon many different diseases, — as upon amau-
rosis, specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma,
oi^thalmia, atrophy of the eye, &c.
CiBCiTAS Crbpusculabis, Hcmeralopia— c.
Diurna,Nyctalopia— c. Noctuma, Hemeralopia.
C^CITUDO, Caecitas.
CiECUM, Ciseum, Intesti'num eaetem, Mo-
nom*aehon, Monom'aeumf Monoco*lon, Monocn'-
lum, Typhlo^tsron monoeo'lon, Typhloferum, Ty
phloen'tOrum, Ini^tium intesti'ni crassi, Socetts
Intestini crassi aevi Coli,Caeum Caput coli,Ca'
put eoli. Prima sella eoli, Ini"tium extu'bsrans
eoli, from etteus, ' blind.' The Blind Gut, so
called from its being perforated at one end only
That portion of tke intestinal canal which is
seated between the termination of the ileum and
conunencement of the colon; and which. fills, al-
most wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the
peritoneum retains it immovably. Its leni^th
IS about three or four fingers' breadth. The
Heo-eaeal valve or Valve of Bauhin shuts off
all commnnication between it and the ileum;
c^cus
135
CAKES, WORM, STORY'S
and the Appendix vwmiformU ctsd is attached
to it.
Cjbcum FoKA'MEif of the frontal hone is a
sm^ cavity at the inferior extremity of the
internal coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-eth-
uuidal forameny (F.) Trou av&vglt on borgne,
Morgagni has given the same name to the small
cavity in the qiiddle of the upper surface of the
tongae, near its base; the sides of which are
furnished with mucous follicles — Laeune de la
/on^tM.^Ch.)
CjKccji, Phugmorous Tumour of thx, Ty-
phlo-enteritis.
C^CUS. < Blind.' One deprived of sight,
Typkiopsf (F.) AveugUy Borgns. In apatomy,
it is osed to designate certain holes or cavities,
which end in a eul-d^^sac; ox have only one
opening.
Biind Duets of ths Urtt'thra^ (F.) Conduits
aveugies*ds'l'ur€ihr6y are the Mfieous Lacu'ncs
of the Urs'thra,
CML A-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
CiEMENTUM, Lute.
CiERULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian
blue — c. Borussicum, Prussian blue.
C^RULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyano;
pathy.
C.SSALPI'NIA, C€Bsalpi'na sappaUi Sappan
or Samp/en wood, (F.) BrisilUt, Bois de Sap-
pan. A small Siamese tree, the wood of which
is used in decoction, in cases of pontusipn.
Braseil ufoody P^mamhueo or Femambueo
woody formerly used as an astringent, is the
wood of Cssalpin'ia Eghina'ta. This is the
proper Brazil wood; but another variety in
commerce is the Brasiletta, from Casalpinda
Brasiliensisy and C. eristay which grew in the
West Indies.
The Nicaragua or peaek-wood is taaXogoviS
to ^s, and is said to.be derived from a species
of cSesalpinia.
The kernel of Casalpih'ia Bonducsll'a,
the seed of which is called in India KutkuUja
and Kutoo Kurunjay is given as a febrifiige
tonic. Dose ten grains.
CiESA'REAN SECTION, Ca^Vson oj^^ra'-
tiouy Tt>moto'eia, Casa'rta seetio. Partus ctBsa'^
reusy Opsra'tio easa'ruty Metrotom'iay (F.) Opi'
ration CesarisnnSy from ecsderey < to cut.' An
incision made through the parietes of the abdo-
men and uterus to extract the foetus. In .this
manner, Julius Caesar is said to have been ex-
tiacted. — ^Pliny . It is also called Hysterptom'iay
Hystsrotomoto'eiay Oastrometrotom'iay Gaster'
kystsrof'omyy Gastrometrot'omiy Gaitrohysf'
Tot'omyy (F.) Operation Cesarisnns, An inci-
sion has been nuuie into the uterus through the
vagina, constituting the Vaginal CsBsarean See-
tiouy Gastrelytrotom'iay Gastrocolpotom'iuy La'
paraeolpotomfiay Laparoslytrotom'iay (F.) Opt-
ration eesarienns vaginals. The Csesarean sec-
tion may be required when the mother dies be-
fore delivery; — when there is some invincible
obstacle to delivery from the &ulty conforma-
tion of the pelvis; or when the child has passed
into the abdominal cavity in consequence of mp-
: me of the uterus.
CiESARIES, Capillos.
C.£SinS, Glaucoma.
C^SONES, Ctssares. Children brought
into the world by the Caesarean operation.
CMSWLIM. They who have gray eyes.
C.£SURA, Cut.
C^TCHU, Catechu.
CAF, Camphor.
CAFAL, Agrimony.
CAFAR, Camphor.
CAFAy Cofiea.
CAFA A LA aVLTANE. This name has
been given to an infusion or decoction of the
ground eoques or pericarps which surround the
coffee.
CAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of
unroasted coffee, so called on account of its yel-
lowish tint.
CAFETER, Coffea Arabica.
CAFF A, Camphor.
CAFIERy Coffea Arabica.
CAFUR, Camphor.
CAGASTRUM. The principle or germ of
diseases which are conomunicable. Paracelsus.
CAGNEUXy Cagot. See Kyllosis.
C AGOSANGA, .Ipecacuanha.
CAGOTy (F.). A name given to deformed
and miserable beings, met with in the Pyre-
neesj Bern, and Upper Grascony, in France,
where they are also called Capots. In other
districts they are called, Gezits, WMxtainsy Cri'
tinsy GahetSy Caponsy ColibertSy Caeousy Cag-
nsuxy he. See Cretin, The word Cagot is
supposed to be an abbreviation of Ca»»> (xotkusy
< Dog of a Goth.'
CAGUE-SANGUE, Caquesangue.
CAHINC^ RADIX, Caincae radix.
CAI'EPUT OIL, Caj'eput oily Kyaput'tyy
Cajapu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of &e leaves
of Melaleu'ea Cajapu'tiy a native of the Moluc-
cas. The oil has a strong, fragrant smell, like
camphor; taste pungent and aromatic. It is
stimulant, and useful where the essential oils in
general are employed. It has also been called
Oil of Witnebsuy from the person who first dis-
tilled it.
CAILLE, Tetrao cotumix.
CAILLEAUy Lantana.
CAILLEBOTTEy Curds.
CAILLELAIT BLANC, Galium moUugo—
e, Vradey Galium verum.
CAILLOTy Coagulum.
CAINANiE RADIX, Camc» radix.
CAiN'CiE RADIX, Radix Chioeoe'eay R.
Caina'na seu Caninana seu Cahinecs sen Kct-
hineiB sen Serpswta'ria Braxilien'sisy Cainea
Root, The bark of the roots of Chiocoee'a an^
guifugay Ch. densifo'lia, and perhaps CA. raes-
mo'sa, a plant of the Family Rubiaces. Stz.
Syst, Pentandria Monogynia, of Linnaeus. It
is bitter, tonic, and diuretic, but has not been
long introduced. Dose of the powder from gj*
to zss.
Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, consi-
ders there is a remarkable analogy between
ihe Cainea and the Apocynum eannabinum,
CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
C AIPA^SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Mala-
bar plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform
shape. The juice is drunk in that country for
the purpose of arresting hiccough. The fruit,
when unripe, is emetic.
CAISSEy Case — c. du TambouryTjmpumm,
CAITCHU, Catechu.
CAJAN, Phaseolns creticus.
CAJUPUTI, Cajeput.
CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were
composed of calomel and jalaps made into cakes,
and coloured with cinnabar.
CALABA8H TREE
136
CALCARIiE CHLORUM
CALABASH TREE, NARROW-LEAVED,
Crescentia Cujete.
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Animewu-
lentum.
C ALAFy Salix JEgyvtiaea, A large-leaved
Egyptian willow, called, alio, Ban, The dis-
tilled water of the flowers, called Mctcahalefy
passes, in that country, for an excellent anti-
aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antiloimic,
antiseptic, and cordial.
C ALA6ERI, Vernonia anthelmintica.
CALAGIRAH, Yetnonia anthelmintica.
GALAGUAXiG RADIX, Calague'la Ra-
dix. The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'la, or
Aspid'ium eoria'e&um. It has been exhibited in
Italy in dropsy, pleurisy, contusions, abscesses,
&c. Its properties, are not, however, clear.
CALAMANDRINA, Teucriura chasuedj^ys.
CALAMBAC, Agalloehum.
CALAMBOUk, Agallochtttt/
CALAME'DON, from xaZa/KOf, <a reed.'
This word has had vi|rious significations. Some
have used it for an oblique fracture of a bone;
the fractured portions having the shape of liie
nib of a pen. Others have used it for « longi-
tudinal fracture ; and others, again, for one that
is comminuted. — Dictionaries.
CALAMI'NA, Cal* amine, from talamttUy *a
reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance.
CadnU'a, Cathmir, Cadmi'a lapido^sa aiiro'sa,
Cadmi'a Foa'silia, Lapis Atro'sus, Calim'ia^
Lapis Calafni?ia'ris, Calamina'ris, Car'bonas
Zinci impu'ntsy (F.) Pierre ealaminaire. Na-
tive impure carbonate of zinc. Calamine is
chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes in the
form of the Calamina pejspara'ta. Lapis Co-
lamina'ris prapara'tus, Car'bonas zinei impu'-
rus prapara'tus, Zinei car'bonas prapara'tus.
Prepared Calamine f'—Colamine reduced to an
impalpable powder by roasting and levigation.
In this state it is sprinkled or dusted on exco-
riated parts, or to prevent excoriation, &c.
CALAMINARIS, Calamina.
C ALAMINT, Melissa Calaminthar-^. Field,
Melissa nepeta — c. Mountain, Melissa grandi-
flora — c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta.
C ALAMINT A HUMILIOR, Glecoma hede-
racea.
CALAMINTHA, Melissa C.—c. Anglica,
Melissa nepeta— c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila
Mariana — c. Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora'
^-c. Montana, Melissa grandiflora — c. Pulegii
odore, Melissa nepeta.
CAL'AMUS, xaXanof, *the reed.» In the
Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. the rhizoma of ac<>-
rus calamus (q. v.)
Calamus Alexandri'nxJs. Celsus has thus
called a medicine, which was long confounded
with Calamus Aromatieus. It is not a root,
however, but the stalk of a plant of India and
Egypt, probably the Andropo'gon Nardus. It
entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
as antihysteric and emmenagogue; — Calamus
aromatieus verus.
Calamus Aromaticxts, Acorus calamus—^.
Aromatieus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus— c.
Indicus, see Saccharum— c. Odoratus, Acorus
calamus, Juncus odoratus.
Calamus Rotang. The systematic name of
a plant, whence Dragon^s Blood, Sanguis Dra-
eo'nisf Cinnnb'aris Grsceo'rum, Draconthm'ma,
(F.) Sang-Dragon, is obtained. It is the red,
resinous juice, obtained, in India, from wound-
ing the bark of the Calamus Rotemg. It has
been utfed as an astringent in hemorrhages, &c.;
but is now rarely employed.
Calamus Sceipto'rius, AnMg'lyphty Rhom-
boid' al Sinus; «a writing pen,* (F.) Fossetu
aTtgulaire du qtiatrieme ventricule* A small,
angular c^ivity, situate at the superior extremity
of the medulla, in the fourth ventricle of the
bri^n, which, has been, by some, supposed to
resemble a pen.
Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus.
CALAPPITE. Rumt>hius has given this
name to calculous concretions, found in the in-
terior of some cocoa nuts. The cocoa tree it-
self the Malays call Calappa. These stones
are, likewise, termed Vegetable JBezoards* llbe
Malays attribute poteilt virtues to them, and
wear them as amulets.
CALASAYA, Cinchone cordifolis cortex.
CALBALA, Cabal.
CALBIA'NUM. The name of a x^aster in
Myrepsus, the^ composition of which we know
not.
C ALC ADINXJM, Ferri sulphas.
CALCAIRE, Calcareous.
CALCA'NEAL, Calea'neits, from ealr, 'the
heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as
" ealeaneai arteries."
CALCANEO-PHAtANOIENDU PETIT
OR T£JL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — cPka-
langinien commun, Extensor brevis digitorom
pedis — e, Sous-phalangettien eommun, Flexor
brevis digitoruth pedis — e, Sous-Phalangimtu
eommun, Flexor brevis digitdrum pedis — c. Sous-
phalangien du petit ortetl, see Abductor minimi
digiti pedis — e, Sns-phalangettien eommun^ Ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis.
CALCA'NEUM, from calx, Hhe heel.' Col-
ea'neusy Calear, Cal'eia, lehnus, Os Calcis^
Pterna, Pter^nium. The largest of the ^arsal
bones; that which forms the heel. It is situate
at the posterior and inferior part of the foot; is
articulated above and a little anteriorly with
the astragalus ; anteriorly, also, with the os cu-
boides. Its posterior surface,— called Heely
Talus f Calx, (F.) Talon, — gives attachment
to the tendo-achlllis : the lower has, posteriorly,
two tuberosities, to which the superficial mus-
cles of the sole of the foot are attached. The
small Apophfysis or lateral Apophysis of the
Calea'netim, (F.) Petite Apophyse on Apophyse
latirale du Caleanium, is a projection at the
upper surface of this bone, on which is formed
the posterior portion of the cavity that re-
ceives the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis,
anterior Apoph'ysis of the CcUea'fieum^ is the
projection which corresponds, on one side, with
the cuboides ; and on the other forms the ante-
rior part of the facette which receives the as-
tragalus.
CALCANTHON, Atramentum.
C ALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot^c. Avis, Hip-
pocampus minor.
CALCA'REOUS, Cala/rens, Calea'^ns ;
from calx,*\\me,* (F.) Caleaire. Containing
lime: — as calcareous concretions, O. deposit
tions, &c.
CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta.
CALCARIA CHLORATA,Calcischloridum
— c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum— c. Phospho-
rica, see Cornu cervi — c. Pura, Calx— c. Pura
liquida, Liquor calcis.
CALCARIiE CHL0RUM,Calci8 chloridum.
CALCATOR
197
CALCmj
CALCATOR, Ferri rahOM.
CALCATRBPPOLA, Centauiea cidcitnpa.
CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON, CALCENO'-
MA» CALCINCNIA. Words emplofed by
PanceUos to itesigmite the concretions of tsr
trmte of lime which form in the hnnaan hody.
CALCENOS, Calcetns.
CALCEOLA'RIA^froiii ealeetlusj «a Mall
■Upper;' 8Upp9fwort>
Calcbola'bia PbixaTa is nsed in Pern as a
laxatiTe.
Cai^cbola'Ua Tuf'da is esteemed to be
Mriivge.
CkXXyt/TV^Calcttw'niutyCaUe'nos. That
which abounds m tartrate of lime. An adjec-
tive used, by Paracelsos, in speaking of the
blood; SamguU ^mlce'tus. Hence came the ex-
pression Caleimsd Uoody Sang ealdni.
CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago.
CALCHOIDEA, (OS.) Cuneiform bone.
CALCIA, Calcaneom.
CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth.
CALCIG'RADnS, Putmh'tUesy from Caixy
TiT9^ay 'the heel/ and fiaLtta, <I walk.' One
who walks on his heels^ — Hippocrates.
CALCII CHLORURETUM, Calcis mnrias
— c. Ozycfaloraretom, Calcis chloridum — c.
Oinrdnm, Calx yiva — c. Piotochlororetum,
Calcis cbioridnm.
"calcination, Caldnatio, CaUi'non,
ComermmafUo^ from ««2c» < lime.' The act of
snbmitting to a strong heat an^ infusible mine-
ral sabotanee, which we are desirous of depriving
either of its water, or of any other volatilizable
snbstaace, thsC enters into its composition; or
which we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum
is calcined to get rid of its water of crystalliza-
tion; — dkaUf to reduce it to the state of pure
lime, by driving off the carbonic acid; and otr-
<a»M mUaU are subjected to this operation to
«iidize them.
CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hy-
diarcymm pnseipitatnm.
CALCINONIA, CalccMu
CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlo-
hdam — c. CarbowM, Creta— c. Carbonas dorus,
Crete, Marmor— c. Carbonas friabilis, Creta—
c Hepar, Calcis sulphuretum— c. Hydras, see
Calx~€. Hypochloris, Calcis chloridum.
Calcis Chlo'eidum ; Ckio'ruU of Lime^
ChWrur^i of Limej BfpoMo'riu •/ l^me,
CJUoni4 of Umo^ Ox^mufriou of Umsy Cmlx
dUorim^f (Ph. U. 8.) Protoneklor'uret of
CoUiumj Calea'fim tUorafta^ Chlorwm Calea'-
rimj ChUro'tmm CaUofrit^ Caiutria Chlo'riooy
OxfdUormro'tum CmleUyProtookloruro'tum Cml-
aij Ckioruro'tum Oxidi CaicU, BickUrurt^tum
CalcUjOxjfmmfriao Caloisy Calois HypoMo'fisy
Calx o x fw utr iat*ioay BlMoking Powder, Ton-
mom's Potodery(F»yProioxieklorur$de Caldumy
Chiofuro do Ckmux, Oxiohlorun do ChxmXy
Ckioruro d*Oxido do CaleiumyVioUorutro do
CkauXf Ozimurimto do Chaumf Muriato ourox-
igenioaOxtginddo Chx^yPondrodoBUrndkO'
momty P, do Temnani. A compomid resulting
finm the action of chlorine on hydrate of lime.
The chloride of lime is a most valuable disin-
fecting agent, (see Disinfection,) when dissolved
IB the proportion of one pound to six gallons
«f water. It has likewise been employ^ both
intemally and eztemally in various diseases,
is inanofnla, fistor oris^ loul ulcei% &c. ke*
10
C ALOIS MimiAB; MuriaU of Xmm, Calx sa"
li'toy CaleU Chloruro'tum sea Ckh'ridvm, Chlo-
ride ofealeium, (F.) Chlorure de oalUumy Mw
riato ou Sfdrocklorate de Ckaux. This salt
has been given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant,
&c., in scroAiions tumours, glandular obstruc-
tions, general debility, &c. The Solu'tio Mw
ria*tio Caleioy liquor Colds Muria'tisy Solu-
tion of Muriate of UmOy Liquid Shell, may be
formed of muriate of Lime ^j. dissolved in die-
tilled water f. giij. The Liquor Calcic Chlo-
ami or Solution of Chloride of Oa/e»i»m, of the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is formed
as follows : — MarUoy in fragments,|| ix. Muriatio
addy 0\\ Distilled water, a sufficient quantity.
Mix the acid with a half pint of .the water, and
gradually add the marble. Towards the close
of the effervescence npply a gentle heat, and,
when the action has ceased, pour off the clear
liquor and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the
residuum in its weight and a half of distilled
water, and filter. Dose, from gtt. xzz. to f. 3j.
in a cupful of water.
Calcis Oxthurias, Calcis chloridum.
Calcis SuLPBuaB'ruif; Bepar CaloioySul'-
phuret of Lime, (J,)ProtO'hydroeulfate do Col-
dumy Hydroeulfato de ehaetx. Principally
nsed in solution, as a b«th, in itch and other
cutaneous affections.
CALCITEA, Ferri sniphas.
CALCITEOSA, Pfaunbi oKydum semivi-
treom.
CALCITHOS, Cnpri subacetas.
CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitnpa---c.
Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CALCITRAPPA, Delphiniam consolida.
CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias
— c. Chlor^ire dSy Calcis mnrias— «. Chlorure
d'oside do, Calcis chloridum — e, Protohydro-
sulphate de, Calcjs sulphnretum — e. Protoxi-
ehlorure de, Calcis chloridum— c. Protoxichlo-
niret of, Calcis chloridum— c. Protoxide of,
Calx.
CALCO-SUBEHALANGEUS MINIMI DI-
GITI, Abductor minimi digit! pedis — c. Sub-
phalangeus poUicis, Abductor pollicis pedis.
CALCOCOS, Bell-meUl.
C ALCOIDEA, (ossicola,) Cuneiform bones.
C ALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
CALCUL, Calculus.
CALCULEUXy Calculous.
CAL'CULI, see Calculus— c. Articular, see
Calculi Arthritie ; and Concretions, articular.
Calculi, Arthait'ic, Tophi, Tuber'eula or-
tkr%t*ioay ChaUs stones. Nodes, (q. v.) (F.)
Piorres erofeuees, Caleuls arthritiques, Nentds,
Concretions, which form in the ligaments, and
within the capsules of the joints, in persons
affected with goat. They are composed of uric
acid, soda, am) a little animal matter; very
rarely, urate of lime and chloride of lodium are
met with. Similar calculi are found in other
parts besides the joints.
Cal'ctjli, Bil'iart, Cal'euli hilio'd wafelV'
d sen hUia^rii, BU'iary Conoretions, Gall-
stones, Cholol'ithusy Cholel'ithusy (F.) Caleuls
hUiairesy Piorres au fiel. Some of these con-
tain all tiie materials of the bile, snd seem to be
nothing more than that secretion thickened.
Severu contain Pieromel ; and the greater part
are composed of from 68 to 94 parts of Cholos-
torim, and of from 6 to 12 of the yellow matt«r
CALCULI IN THE EARS
138
CALCULI, URINARY
of the bile. Biliary calculi are moet frequently
foand in the gall-bladder : at other timee, in
the substance of the liver, in the hranchea of
the Ductus kspatiew, or in the Duehu Com"
munis ChoUdoekut. The first are called Cyt-
He; the second Sspatie; and the last, some-
times, Hspaioeystie* The eaoses which give
rise to them are very obscure. Often they oe<
caslon no uneasinessi and at other times the
symptoms may be confounded with those of
hepatitis. At times, they are rejected ^j the
month, or by the bowels, alone with a consider-
able quanti^ of bile, which had accumulated
behind ^em; at other times, they occasion
violent abdominal inflammation, abscesses, and
biliary fistulsB, rupture of the gall-bladder, and
fatal eAision into the peritoneum. The passage
of a gall-stone is extremely painftil ; ^et the putos
is not at first affected; Antiphlogistics, when
there is inflammatory action, and strong doses
of opium, to allay the pain and spasm, with the
warm bath, are the chief remedies. Solvents
are not to be depended upon. They cannot
reach the calculi.
CAL'etn:.!, m ths Eabs, (F.) Calcuis ds
VOrsilU. Hard, light, and inflammable con-
cretions, which occur in the meatus auditorius
taetsmusy and are merely indurated cerumen.
They are a frequent cause of dealhess. They
can be easily seen, and may be extracted by
appropriate ioicepa, after having been detached
by injections of soap and water.
Calouu Fullui, Cakuli, biliary.
Cax.'ouli, Laob^ktmal, (F.) Caleuls lasry^
maux. Concretions, sometimes, but rarely,
form in the lachrymal passages, where they
occasion abscesses and fistule, which do not
heal until they are extracted. No analysis has
been made of them.
Cal'culi of Tn Mamma, (F.) Caleuls dss
MamelUs, Haller gives a case of a concre-
tion, of a yellowish-white colour, which had
the shape of one of the excretory ducts of the
nummary gland, having been extracted from
an abscess seated in that organ.
Cal'ouli or THx Pan 'casAa, (F.) Caleuls du
Panerias, These are but little known. Ana-
logy has induced a belief that they resemble
the salivary. Some have supposed that certain
transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or
passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from
the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason
for this belief.
Cal'ovu or TBS Piwu'al Gk.Aif2>, (F.) Col*
&uls de la Olands Pinials. These have been
fretjuently met with. No symptom announces
their presence during life. They are composed
of phosphate of lime.
Cal'culi or thb Pbostatb, JProstat'ie eal'-
euli. These are not very rare. They have
generally the same compositimi aa the pre-
ceding. They usually present the symptoms
common to every tumefaction of the prostate,
and sometimes those of calculi in the blad-
der.
Cal'ouli Pul'mohart, (F.) Caleuls pulmo^
fiMTSs. These concretions are very frequently
met with in the dead body, without seeming to
have produced unpleasant symptoms during fife.
At other times, they are accompanied with all
the symptoms of phthisis, Phthisis ealemlsuts,
of Bayle. At times, they are expectorated
without the supervention of any unpleasant
symptom. They are usually fonned of carbo-
nate of lime and animal matter.
Cal'c17X.x, Sal'ivart, Col* euli salUfaflss^Sia-
Isl'itkiy (F.) Calsuls salivairss, Coaacretions,
usually formed of phoephate of lime and animal
OMtter, which are developed in the aubatanee
of the salivary glands or in their excretory
ducts. In the firstcase, they may be «w«>«w«»
for a simple swelling of the gland ; in the se-
cond, th^ nmy be generally detected by the
touch. They may be extracted by inetsioo in
the interior of the mouth. The ealcnlns de-
veloped in the subling[ttal ducts has bean called
Cal'eulus sufdingua'lis^ and Ram'ula lapids'a.
Cal'ciTu, SrxBMAT'io, (F.) Caleuls sperma-
tiquss. These have be«i sometimes fi>und io
the vesiculae seminales after death. They csa-
not be detected during life. No analyaishM
been made of them.
Cal'culi or thx Stomacm Ann iKTss'Tiras,
EntsroVithuSyB. Cal'eulusy Coprol'i^kus^ Con-
erstio'nss akn'tusy (F.) Caleuls de V^stomac, C.
intsstinauxy Pierres stsrearalss, Caueritions
iutestinales. Calculi of the stomach are rare,
and have almost always been carried thither by
the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. The
symptoms occasioned by them are those of
chronic gastritis. It has been imagined that
the continued use of absorbent powders, as
magnesia, will give occasion to them.
Intestinal concretions, (F.) Caleuls imtssti-
naussj are not uncommon in annuals (see Bk-
aoARD :) but they are rare in man. The causes
which give rise to them sire little known:
sometimes a biliary calculus affords them s
nucleus. Their composition varies. They are
lisfat, hard, very fetid, and not influnmable.
They are formed, ordinarily, between tiie val-
vulas of the small intestines, ot in the cells of
the large, and sometimes in old heraiae. Whilst
they do not obstruct the passage of the alimen-
tary mass, they produce no unj^easant symp-
tom. At times, the movable tumour which
they form, may be felt through the parietes of
the abdomen. They are generally evacuated
psr anum,
Cal'ouli or TBB Tonsils. Calculona con-
cretions, which sometimes fi^rm in the tonsils.
(F.) Caleuls dss Amygdalss. They are easily
recognised by the sight and touch : sometimes
they are discharged by spitting, either alooe or
with the pus of an abscess occasioned by their
presence. They have not been analysed.
Cal'ouli, U'rihart, Urol'ithiy (F.) Caleuls
urinairssy Pisrrss urintdrss. Concretions,
which form from the crystallicable substances
in the urine, and which are met with not only
in the whole course of the urinary passages,
but in fistulous openings wherever nie urine
stagnates naturally or acJcidentaUy. Their
causes are but little known. They are more
common at the two extremities of life than at
the middle, and more so in some countries and
districts than in others. At times, a clot of
blood, a portion of mucus, ke,, will form the
nucleus. The symptoms and treatment vary
according to the seat of the calculus. There
is no such thing probaUy aa a medical solvent.
See Urinary Calculi.
Modem chymists have demonstrated the ex-
istence of several components of urinary cal-
culi, viz. Litkie Aeidy Pkosphats of Lims, ^ai-
wtoniaco-Xagfusian Phcsphats, OtcmlaU aj
CALCtiU» UBINARY
119
CALCULOUS
Limt, C^Hic Omide^ and ZamMe Oaids, with I tensiztare of thMe ingMdients, an tkus repre-
■D aiuiDal cenMntiiig ingredient. The Taxieties I gented by Dr. Parii.
of calcoii^ prodnceabj the c^nnbination or in- 1
A rXKULAM, YISW OT THS DIFFBSSHT SPSOm OV tnUHUlT CALOUU*
■ncuaor cal-
mwrallT
iNUWUllB
FoKM, a flatteaed o?ml. 0. O.
•xoeedi IJOO. GWmt,
or ravra-Uko. An^fbc*.
antttMTi, laminated.
It
iviadpany of UtkU
Wban treated witM alt"
acM, a beaatiftU piak Mihetanoe
•ults. TUi caleahii it tUa btly ao-
lubie in water, almadaatly to in
tiM pore alkalies.
nitric tpoeiee;
la-eoiaetiB
bttt
oecarillDe-
ly tubereulated. It fia<
quentlj conititutee tke
Mfcifi or the otbtr epa.
TtHwJaUqtlimgjUhd tedeaoai.
poeed In tba flame of a eplrit lam|
•welling out into a wliita eiBores-
whiehlcfMidUtfai*.
it ia tbe prerallinf
theaorfaoe
lliie epeeiea In
CWo«r, dark kioara. 7*islMr«,
harder thaa that of the other ape-
deal S. O. from J.4i8 to L976; Ar-
fm€9, eiadded with taberdt*.
lampdadea some
Priacipdl7pAe^Aala4f2tec It
is soluble ia muriatb; acid.
whidi
bly
cdonred.
▼arieUea,
mmarka'
smooth and pale-
\ and pale-
laaembiiaff
Oola«r. pale brown or gray ; sut'
/kea, amooth and polished: ttrue
fara rcgalarly lamiasted ; the Inmi
am easily ssperaUng Into eoaersle
It is
OlMT, generally briliisat white.
Bmrfof^ yneven, studded with pAe«yA«(a, ^nrrally jniii
JscoHMfMaum
\agm
vA with
Pare alkalies of the others.
^ , uneven^ . _. , .
shining erystais, less eompaet than'phospbste of lime,
tbe prMsflng spedes. Between Its decompose it, extrseUng its
ilaa small ceUs oeear, filled with ni«-
spark ling particles. |
~ ~ mpound of tlie t wo foiegoing
This spedM attains
a larger sise thaa eay
CMsMP. Grayish while.
eLcTtnc.
Very like the triple catealus, bat!
t is anetrMifled and mors eomaaet
Ispedee.
It consists of eyatfcMidt. Under
eomaaet the blowpipe it yieMs a peculiarly
ilbtid odoar. It is soluble ia edds,
and in alkalies, even if they are
^flilly saturated with carbonic add.
It is very fuaiMe,
melting Into a viueoaa
globol.-.
itiaaraieqiedea
7. AJkTSBIlA>
TIS0.
& OOHVOCim.
Its section exhibits diftreatcoa-l Compounded of several species,
eentrk huaiaB. altematiag with eadi other.
"No characteristic Ibrak,
The ingredients are si
oaly tydiymical aaalysia.
]. Banal CaletUiy (F.) Caiculs r^namx,
Theae have ahnoat always a yery irregnlar
ahape : at timea, there will be no indication of
their presence : at others, the^ occasion attacka
of pain in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied
witn bloody or tnrbid urine. Often, the}r cause
inflamnoation of the kidneys, with all its un-
pleasant results. They are generally formed
of uric acid, animal matter, and («alate of
lime, with, sometimes, phosphates. The treat-
ment will haye to yary, according to the ab-
sence or presence of inflammatory signs^ — ^re-
lieving the irritation by opiates. A surgical
operation can rarely be applicable.
3. Calculi in th$ UrtUrt, (F.) Caieuls d€*
TTritirBA, These come from the kidneys, and
do not produce unpleasant effects, imless they
are so large as to obstruct the course of the
uine^ and to occasion distention of the whole
of the ureter aboye them; or unless their sur-
fiace is so roo^ as to irritate the mucous mem-
brane, and occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses,
Ace. The pain, during the passage, is some-
tines yery violent, extending to the testicle of
tbe same side in the male'; and occasioning a
iMimbDess of the thi|^ in both sexes. Tbe treat-
ment consists in general or local blood-letting,
warm bath, and opiates.
3. CaleuHf Vesical; Btonc in the Bladder^
IjitUia VecietilisyLUhii'aHc cfs'ticoy Jjiikfacic
^fmaicaflicf Cfcto^itki^asiSf J) fcu*ria calculi/ sa,
2>. %rnt4^ta^ Cal'culus vcd'cm^ (F.) Calculi
wisicausB* These are the most common. Some-
times, they proceed from die kidneys: most
'fi thsy aie formed io the bladder it-
self. Sense of weight in the perin»um, and
sometimes of a body rolling when the patient
chan^ his position; pain or itching at the ex-
tremity of the glans in men; frequent desire to
pass the urine; sudden stoppage to its flow; and
bloody urine— are the chief signs which induce
us to suspect their existence. We cannot, how-
eyer, be certain of this without sounding the
patient. Sometimes, when of a small siie,
they are expelled: most commonly, they re-
mam in the bladder, the disorganiiation of
which they occasion, unless remoyed by a sur-
gical operation.
4. Calculi Uri^tkral. They almost always
proceed from the bladder. The obstruction,
which they cause to the ptssage of the urine,
the hard tumour, and the noise occasioned
when struck by a sound, indicate their pre-
sence. They are remoyed by incision.
5* Calculi §» Fistulous pascagec. Theaa
arise when there is some fistulous opening into
the urethra.. They can be readily recognised,
and may generally be extracted with fiicility.
(F.) CtUculc places kcrc dec voice itfintdrtc.
See Urinary Calculi.
Gal'ovu or TBB U'tsnus, (F.) Ctdeuh de
PTTUme, These are yer^ rare. The signs,
which indicate them dunng life, are those of
chronic engorgement of the uterus. Their ex-
igence, consequently, caanet be proved till
after death.
CALCULIFBAGUS, Lithontriptic.
CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, GravOeum.
That which relates to calculi, especially to
thoMoftheblwIder.
CALCUia BILTAtRBS
140
CALLTPMDllL
CALCtJLB BILTAIRSS, Calenli, biUary
^e. de PEstomae, Calculi of the ftoinach— 9.
de la Olands Piniale^ Calculi of the pineal
gland — c. Inttstinavaty Calcnli of the itomaeh
and intestinea-^0. Lairfmamas^ Calcali, lachrj-
malr-tf. d4* MaimdUsy Calenli of the mamouB
*^. de POreiiU, Calculi in the ean--^. dm Pan-
eriasy Calculi of the Pancr c M - c . Flaeia hors
d44 vviss uritudrety Calculi in fistuloua paa-
■agee — e. Pulmtnairesy Calculi, polmonary —
0. Rinmm, Calculi, renal — «. Salivaiva, Cal-
culi, MliTanr — e, S^rmatiquesy Calculi, sper-
matic — 0. Xfrinaire*, Calculi, urinary—^, det
Vrith^Sy Calculi in the uretera— e. ds PUtirus,
Calculi of the uterua — e. Vdsieanx, Calculi,
yesical.
CAL'CULnS, Lapity LUkosy U&oc. A di-
minutive of eaixy a lime-atone. (F.) Caieuly
PUrre. Calculi are concretions, wluch may
form in every part of the animal body, but
which are most frequently found in the organs
that act as reservoirs, and in the excretor^r car
nals. They are met with in the tonsils, joints,
bilttry ducts, digestive passages, lachrymal
ducts, mamms, pancreas, pineal gland, pros-
tate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urmarv
passages, and in the uterus. The causes which
give rise to them are obscure.
Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are
tupposed to be owing to the deposition of the
suMtences, which compose them, from the fluid
as it passes along the duct; and those which
occur in the substance of an organ are regarded
as the oroduct of some chronic irritation. Their
general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bo-
dies, the parts with which they are in contact;
and to produce retention of the fluid, whence
they have been formed. The symptoms differ,
according to the sensibility of the organ and
the importance of the particular secretion whose
discharge they impede. Their nltOum is ge-
nerally impracticMile: spontaneous expulsion
or extraetion is the only way of getting rid of
them.
Caloulus Bxzoax, BeBoaid— «. Dentalis,
Odontolithus — c« Encysted, Cmleal dkaitnnd
^-«. Sublingualis, see CaleuU, salivary— c. Ve-
sicsB, Calculus, vesicaL
C ALDA8, WATERS OF. Caldas ia a small
town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mine-
ral springs, containing carbonic and hydrosnl-
pfanric acid gaaes, carbonates and nmriates of
lime and magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime,
flulphuret of iron, silica, and alumina. They
are much used in atonic gout. They are ther^
mal. Temperature 93^ Fahrenheit.
CALDE'RIiE ITALICJB. Warm baths in
the neighbourhood of Ferraia, in Italy, much
employed in dysuria.
CjiLEBASSESy Cucnrbita lagenaria.
CALEFA'CIENTS, CaiB/iBeim'tUy Tker-
manftieOf from eaiidusy * warm,' and fano, * I
make.' (F.) Jtekaufamte. Substances which
excite a degree of warmth in the part to which
they are applied, aa mustard, pepper, kc.
They belong to the class of stimulants.
CALEF ACTIO, Mchaufmmeni.
CALENDULA ALPINA. Arnica mentana.
Calbh^htui Aavxn'sn, CaUka Arven'si*,
WUd Mar'igoidy (F.) Soud det Champa. This
is, sometiines, preferred to the last. Its juice
has been given, in the dose of from f. gj to f.
%iy, in Jaundice and eachezk.
Calbn^ula OnnoiivA^B, C. Sat^voy Okrj^
aanftha mu my Sponaa aoKsy CmUha vtdgalria;
Yatruedriay SingU Ufar'tgoid, Garden Mar'4'
gddy (F.) Souciy 8, ordiiudra. Famiify Sy-
nanthereae, Syngenesia necessaria, Linn. 8b
called from dowering every ealand. The flow-
ers and leaves have been exhibited as ^>erient^
diaphoretics, fcc., and have been highly ex-
tolled, of late, in cancer.
CALENBULiE MARTIALES,Fernimanh
moniatum.
CALENTUHA, from ea/«rs, 'to be wann.'
The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A spe-
cies of furious delirium to which sailors are
subject in the torrid zone >—« kind of phreniti^
the attack of which comes on suddenly after
a broiling day, and seems to be characterised
by a denie in the patient to throw himself into
the sea. It is only a variety of phrenitis.
CALXRTfiaA CoNTiHUA, Syuocha.
CALESTViRASiPaiodaCaUniit'raa. Vth
met and lAm^rj say, that these words an
sometimes applied to cinchona. Camelli says,
they mean, also, a tree of the Philii^nne Isks,
the wood of which is bitter and febrifuge.
CALF OF^THE LEG, Sura.
CiiZJC£,Calix.
CAUCES R&NALESy see Calix.
CALICO BUSH, Kalmia Utifolia.
CALIDARIUM, see Stove.
CALIDtJM ANIMALE, Animal heat^-^.
Innatum, Animal heat.
CALI6ATI0, Dazzling.
CALrGO. < A mist.' ii«A/y#, (F.) Br^M/-
lard* An obscurity of vision, dependent upon
a speck on the cornea: also, the speck itself;
Caligo eof^namy Mae' Mia eomamy M. aamipallt/'
eiday Pktkarma ealigOy C. d napketio, Hahat^da
viatay C. d Laueo'maily Neb'tilayiq, v.) Opaia
aomaay Wah-ayay (F.) Nouaga da la Comiey
Taye, ObacureiaaamarU da la vua.
Calioo Lxirris, Cataract— c. Pupillv, Syne-
zisis— c. S3mizesi8, Sjmeziais— c. Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
CALIHACHA C ANELLA, Laurus cassia.
CALIX, Catpxy Infundib'ulumy from %*Xi^
'a cup.' (F.) Calieay Entonnoir, Anatomists
have given this name to small membranous ca-
nals, which surround the papillas of the kidney,
and open into its pelvis, whither they convey
the urine; — Cal'ieaa rana'laa, Cyliniri mem-
bram/eai Ranumy Fia'ttUa^ ure'terum ranttmy
Canalaa mambra'nai Ranumy Tu'htdi palvia ra-
num. Their number varies from 6 to 12 is
each kidney.
Calix Yom rroBXA, Goblet, emetic.
CALLEUX, Callous.
CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from nolioc, < beau-
ty,' and ^4ff9a^or, < eyelid.' A remedy for
iNBautifying the eyelids.
C ALLICOCC A IPECACUANHA, Ipecaco-
CALLICREA8, Pancreas.
CALLIOMARCHUS, Tossilago.
CALLIP^1>IA, from xakUty « beauty,'
and naity tici^c, *a child.' The art of beget-
ting beautiful children. This was the title of
a poem by Claude Quillet, in 1 655. CaiHpmdia
aiva da fmlekraB proHa kaiandaa ratiome. The
author absurdly supposes, that the beauty of
children ia afliected bV the sensations which ths
mother experiences onring her pregnancy.
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE 141
CALX
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, se^
FtelTimeter.
CALLIPESTRIA, Connetict.
CALLIPHTLLUM, Aspleninm trichoma-
CALLOSITASy lodnntioii— «. Pa^bnunmv
Scleiiasit.
CALLOSITT, CuUo/ittUy Sefivs, Tyli^
Tylusy TyUtmOy Tplo'sis^ D9rmatescUr</ nsy
Iht mut otylo'mtLy VermatotyWnSy jytrmatofy-
lus, Porusy Ecffkyma Cullua, HardneUy in-
dnntuHi, and tmcknest of the skiny whieh as-
sunes a homy eonBiatencey in pUcas where it
if expoeed to constant preiBure. (F,)DunUon.
Alao that indnration, which is obterred in old
wounds, old nlcersy fistulous passages, &c.
CALLOUS^ CmUottUy O^htko'dM^ from eat-
huy ^hardneas.' (F.) CaUeux, That which is
faaid or indurated. A CaUous Uie^r is one
wJwoe edges are thick and indurated.
CALLUM PEDIS, Instep.
CALLUNA YULGARIS, Erica vulgaris.
CALLUS, CaAm, Caihtm, OsUot'yhsy (F.)
Gs/. The bony matter, thrown out between
the fractured extremities of a bone, which acts
as a cement, and as a new bony formation. The
words, are, likewise, used occasionally in the
same sense as Callosity.
Callus, PaovisioRAL. When the shaft of a
long bone has been broken throu|^, and the ex-
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi-
tion, the new matter, first ossified, is tnat which
oecnpies the central nortion of the deposit, and
thus connects the medullary cavities of the bro-
ken ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters
each. This was termed by M. Dupuytren the
provisional Callus.
CALMANTS, Sedatives.
CALMEy (F.) The interval that separates
the paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease.
When the type is intermittent, the word iau^r*
wdsMon is used.
CALOMBA, Calumba.
CALOMEL, Hydi:arg]rri snbmurias.
CALOMELANOS TORQUETI, Hydrargy-
ri submurias.
CALonKLAHOB TmLQiTXTi. A name given by
Riverins to purgative pills, prepared with calo-
mel, sulphur, and resin of jalap* — ^Dictionaries.
CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
CALXyHlAy Molwta. An epithet formerly
given to myrrhs— Hippocrates. See Myrrha.
C ALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fsp
gsra octandra.
CALOR, Heat— e. Animalis, Animal heat—
c. Nativus, Animal heat.
CALORlClTAy (F.) Caloru/'itas. The ft-
enlty possessed bj living bodies of generating
a sttjffieient quantity of caloric, to enable them
to resist atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at
all times and in every part, a tempeiature nearly
equal. See Animal Heat.
CALORIFA'CI£NT,Cii/or(ru0ir,Ca/or»/A'-
nm»y CaXorififans : from ealoTy * heat,' and/rrt,
* to be made.' Having the power of producing
heat. Relating to the power of producing heat.
CALORIFICATION, CaUHJica'tio, same
etyinon as the last. The function of producing
anunal heat.
CALORINk8ESyfTomealor,*hB^J The
Bune under which M. Baumes proposes to ar-
nage all diseases, characterized by a sensible
\ the quantity of animal heat. The
Caiofimhes form, the first cksa of his Noeo-
•^A
ALOTROPIS GIOANTEAJif udar-^Mu-
darii, Mudar.
CALOTTE J (F.) FMolvm, Anatomisto
sometimes give the name — Calotte apofUvrotiqm
—to the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis
muscle, which covers it externally ; and that of
CalottB du crane to the sculi-cap*
Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster}
wi^ which the head of a person labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after uie hair
has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled
suddenly and violently ofi*, in order to remove
the bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of
coif made of boiled leather, worn by those who
have undergone the operation of trepan, &c.
CALOTTE D'ASSURANCE, Condom.
CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana— c^
Arvensis, Calendula arvensis— c. Vulgaris, Ca-
lendula officinalis.
CALTROPS, see Trapanatans.
CALUM'BA, Colom'boy Calom'boy Colom'boy
(Ph. U. S.;) Columioy Radix Columbaty (F.)
Calumbe ou Columbe. The root of Menieper''
mum palma'tum^ Coefeultu palma^tue, indige-
nous in India and Africa. Its odour is slightly
aromatic $ taste unpleasantly bitter. It is tonic
and antiseptic. Dose, gr. 10 to ^ in powder.
Calumba, AuxRiOAKyFrase*ra WtdtoriyP.Ct^
rolinUnfeit^ F. Ojfidna'lity Swer^tia difform^iey
Sw, Frase'roy American or Marietta Cohimboy
Indian Lettuce^ Yellow Oeniiany Oolden Sealy
Meadow pride, Pframidy is used in the same
cases as uie true Calumba.
CALUS, Callus.
CALYA, Cranium.
Calva, Calva'ria, The cranium; the upper
part especially; the skull-cap;— the Vault of
the Cranium, Cam*era.
CALVARIA, Cranium.
CALYATA FERRAHENTA. Surgical
instruments, which have a head or button.
C ALYER'S PHYSIC, Leptandria Yirginica.
CALYI"TIES, Calvi"Hum, Phal'aera, Ph^-
laero'sif, Glabri"tie*, Ophi'aeisyDepUa'tio Cap"'
itie, Pkalaero^ma, Madaro'tie, Ijipeotrieh'iay
Baldneee, &c., from ealvue, 'bald,' (F.) CAoti-
vete* Absence of hair, particularly at the top
of, and behind, the head. Calvi"tiee palpehra'^
rum, — loss of the eye-lashes.
CALX, Lime, Ca^rium Terree, Protoa^ide of
Cal'dum, Calea'ria pura, (F.) Chaux* The
lime, employed in pharmacy, should be recently
prepared by calcination, when water is sprin-
kled over caustic lime, we have elaked lUke,
hydrate of /mm^— the Calds Eydrae of the
London phannacopceia.
Calx, see Calcaneum— c. CUorinata, Calcil
chloriduno— c. Cum kali ^o, Potassa cum calce
— c. Salita, Calcis munas^-c. Biumtthi, Bis-
muth, subnitrate of.
Calx x TasTisj lime prepared from shells.
It has iHTobably no medicinal advantages over
that prepared from marble.
Calx Oxtjcurxatica, Calcis chloridum.
Cax.x Yiva, Ox*%dum Cal'cii, Calxreeene, Fu-
mane nix. Calx utta. Calx et Calx viva. Lime
or Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external
operation of calx viva is escharotic, but it is
rarely used. Lime. is a good disinfecting agent.
It is employed internally in the form of Liquor
Calcis, (q. V.)
CALT8TE6U 80LDANELLA
149
CANAL
CALT8TEGIA SOLDANfiLLA^CoarolTa-
Ivs soldanelk.
CALYX, Calix.
CAMARA, Cmlva,
CAMAREZ, BflNERAL WATERS OF.
Camarez is a small canton near Sylvan^, in
1^ department of Aveyron, Fiance, where
there are some acidulona ehalybeatea.
CAMARCBIS, Camaro'mOi from nafmia^ 'a
▼ault;' Ctmtra'HOi Testudin&ftio Cra'mu A
species of fiaeture of the sknll, in which the
ftagments are placed so as to form a Tanit, with
its base resting on the dura mater. -^Galen,
Panlus of iE^na.
C AMBIN6. A tree of the Molucca Islands,
from the bark of which a kind of gum«resin ex-
udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen-
tery. It appears to have some resemblance to
the simarouba. — ^Rnmphins.
CAMBIUM, *B»ekaHg9,* A name formerly
given to a fimcied natritire juice, which was
supposed to originate in the blood, to repair the
losses of every organ, and produce their in-
crease*— Sennertns.
CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
village in the department of Basses P3rr^n6es,
France, where there are two mineral springs;
the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous. Temperature, B39toG^ Fahrenheit.
CAMBODIA, Cambogia.
CAMBCGIA, from Cambodia, in the East
Indies, where it is obtained. Hence, likewise,
its names Cambo'dia/Camio'^um, Qambo'giay
Ghmbo*giumy Oamhu^gimn, It is called, also,
Outta, Gutta gamhti^Gummi Chitta, CatagoHfna,
Caitagau^moy Ckry3o*pu9, Laxaii'vus Ind'icusy
Oummi Borgia, O. gaman'drm, O. d« Croa, O, d*
J§mUyCh%tta jemoeoy Outta Gaman'drm, Oummi
ad Tod'agramy Camboge or Gambogs, &c., (F.)
Chmme GuUb. Ord. Gnttiferap. A yellow
juice obtained from Staiagmi^tis Camhogic^^dM,
and other plants of the natural family Guttifera,
but it is not known from which of them the of-
ficinal camboge is obtained. It is inodorous,
of an orange yellow colour; opake and brittle;
fracture, glassy; is a drastic cathartic, emetic
and anthelmintic; and is used in visceral ob-
structions and dropsy, and wherever powerful
hydragogue cathartics are re<2uired. Dose ftom
gr. ii. to vi. in powder, united with calomel,
squill, &c.
CAMBV*CA, Camhufeamemhra'ta. Buboes
and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near
the genital organs. — ^Paracelsus. See Bubo.
CAMELAEy Cneorum tricoccum.
CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault— c. Cor-
dis, Pericardium— c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye.
CAMERATIO, Camarosis.
CAMIN6A, CanelU alba.
CAMISIA F(ETnS, Chorion.
CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait.
CAMMARUS, Crab.
CAMOMILLE FATIDE, Anthemis cotula
— e, Pnantt, Anthemis cotul*— e. Romaine,
Anthemis nobilis — cdes T0f«ili»fMr«, Anthemis
tinc^oria — e, Vulgair; Matricaria chamomilla.
CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camosicrs
is a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where
are two springs containing carbonate of lime,
sulphur, cnloride of sodium, he. They are
purgative, and used in skin complaints.
CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Campagne is in the department of Ande, Frsoee.
The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydnte
of magnesia. Temperature, 8(P Fahrenheit
CAMPANITLA. Diminutive of CimjiaRtf.
A bell.
Cavpaitula TaAon^Limi, CaMUrhurf Bdl
or Tkroatiport, was formerly used, in decoc-
tion, in relaxation of the fiiuces. It is, kIm,
called Cerviet^ria»
CAMPE, Flexion.
CAMPHIRE, Camphor.
CAMPHOR, from Arab. Capkur or Km'-
pkur, Cam'p^ra, Capku'ra, Cafa, Caf, Cofm,
Caphora, Altafor, Campkirs, Camjpkoff ife,
(F.) Camphr0, A concrete substance, pre-
pared, by distillation, f^om Laurus Camfkitn,
an indigenous tree of the East Indies. Ot'
der, Laurineas. Its odour is stronc and fit-
grant: it is volatile, not easily pulveTiztble;
texture crystalline. Soluble in alcohol, ether,
oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water. Iti
properties are narc'otic, diap^retic, and ledir
tive. Dose, gr. v. to 9 j- Dissolved in oil or
alcohol, it is applied externally in rheonatie
pains, bruises, sprains, &c.
CAifpHoa Water, Mistura Camphore.
CAMPHORATA HIR8UTA,C. JlfoiM^-
«fmtM», Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
CAMPH'ORATED, Campkort^tnt, (F.)
Campkri. Relating to camphor; contaioing
camphor ; as %eamphorat6d mw^bH, a eamfkanMi
draught,
C AMPHQROS'MA MONSPELIACA, from
Camphor, and 9«-^ir, < odour.' Sel^go, Cmk-
jkordta hirnita seu Monfpditfi num, Sairf
Camphoros'ma, (F.) Campkrie d% MantpOHir*
Family, Atriplices. Bex. Sfst. Tetnndrii
Monogynia. This plant, as its name imports,
has an odour of camphor. It is regarded as di-
uretic, diaphoretic, cephalic, antiapasmodie, ftc.
It is also called Chamap9u*ei vod, SHukiag
Ground Fine,
CAMPHRE, Camphor.
CAMPHRA, Camphorated.
CAMPHRE DE MONTPELLlER,Cmr
phorosma Monspeliaca.
CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO^IA. A
tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which growi
in Peru, and whose fruit— jMx/fV/o, of a bright
yellow colour, and as luge as a moderate-tised
apple— has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and
is one of the ingredients in making the pe^
fhmed water called mi^turth — ^Tschndi.
CAMPSIS, Fleat^io, Curvi^tio, Inpx'ifi,
Bone or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper
shape, without breaking. — Good.
Camfsis dxprsssio, Depression.
CAMPYLORHHACHIS; fh>m mtM«^«r»
'crooked,' and ^a/ic, * spine.' A monster whose
spine is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPTLORRHI'NnS; ftom n^ievlit,
'crooked,' and ^i», 'nose.' A monster whose
nose is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis.
CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Reai'mus, Sinu, SUoi
Situs. One who has a short, stumpy nose.
The French speak of 2V«sr eamus, 'short nose.'
CANAL, Cana'lis, Ductus, Mt^tus, Porot,
Oek'etos, (F.) Conduit, A channel for afford-
ing passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain
organs.
Cakax, Aumn'tAXT, C. IHgulfime, Cam*-
CANAL ARTMRISL
143
CANCELLI
tivs Tube, Aiimmfary Duet or Tube. The ca-
ul extending from tfs mouth to the anus.
Cabai^ AaACB'ifoin, Catu^Us Biehai*ii^ Ctf
mat •/ Bickat. A canal formed by the exten-
non of the arachnoid over the transverse and
longitudinal fissures of the brainy and whi<ih
furroands the Tena magna Galeni. The orifice
of the canal has been termed the Foramen of
Biefaat.
CANAL ARTiRIBLy Arterial dnct-H}. de
Bartkoiwy DuetoB Bartholinus— c. of Bicfaat»
Canal, aiachnokl— e. Bullular, of Petit, God-
rennk eamal — e. Citrotidi&u, Carotid canal — «•
CkoUdQ^ue^ Choledoeh diict^-«. Ciliary, Ci-
liary canal— c. of Fontsna, Ciliary canal — c.
Goudramniy Oodnmmi eamml — e, HipoHqus,
Hepatic doct.
Cahai., Ht'ai^id. a cylindrical passace, de-
scribed by M. J. Cloqnet as formed by the re-
flection of the hyaloid membrane into the inte-
rior of the vitreoQs body aiound the nutritious
artery of the lens. M. Cnivoilhier has noTer
been able to see it.
Cah Ai. laci'snrs, see Palatine canals— c. In-
fra-orbitar, Suborbitar canal — e, InJUxe de Voe
temporal. Carotid canal— -e. Intermediare dee
veutriculee, Aquaeductus SylyiL
Casai., Ihtss'tikal, Canaflie seu Duetut
tnuetiiui'Us, The portion of the digestive ca-
nal formed by the intestines. .
Cakal of Jacobsor, Canaly tympanic*
C AXAi., MaD'ui.i.ABT. Tho cylindrical cavity
in the body or shaft of a long bone, which con-
tains the marrow.
Canal, Nasai., Lachrymal canal.
Cah AL of NvcK. A cyundrical sheath formed
around the round ligaments of the uterus by a
prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal
ooal.
CANAL DE PETITy Godronni eanal^^.
Pulmth-aertiquef Arterial duct-— c. Rachidian,
Vertebral canal.
Cahal of ScHLEMM. A miuute circular ca-
ml, discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Ber-
lin. It is situate at the point of union of the
cornea and sclerotica.
Cahai., Spiral, Vertebral canal— 0. SpiroXde
de Poe temporal, Aquaeductus Fallopii — e. de
StemcMy Ductus salivalis superior — e. T^era-
ti^ne. Thoracic duct — e. Veineuxy Canal, ve-
noQs—c.Vulvo-uterine, Vagina — e*d€ Warthen,
Ductus salivalis inferior.
Cabal, TTV'PAiiic,Cafia7w tfmpttn'icusyCa-'
nal of Jafeoheon, A canal which opens on the
lower sor&ce of the petrous portion of ^ tem-
poral bone, between the carotid canal and the
groove for the internal jugular vein. It con-
tains Jacobaon's nerve.
Cahal, VsRona, Cane^lie seu Duatue €r«iro'-
f aw, <F.) Canal veineucc, A canal, wluch ex-
ists only in the foetus. It extends from the bi-
furcation of the umbilical vein to the vena cava
ialerior, into which it opena, below the dia-
phra^n. At times, it ends in one of the infra-
hepatic veins. It pour* into the cava a part of
the blood, which passes from the jriacenta by
the nmbUical vein. After birth, it becomes a
fibro-cellttlar cord.
Canal of Wiesuno, see Pancreas.
CANAPES BB£SCH1STI. Canals in the
diploe for the passage of veins ; so called after
M. Breschet.
Car ales Cxrcularbs, Semicircular canals—
cCochlesB, Seals of the cochlea — c.Lacrymales,
Lachrymal ducts — c. Membranei renum, see
Calix — c. Tubsformes, Semicircular canals.
CANALICULATED, Grooved.
CANALICULATUS, Cannile, Grooved.
CANAUCUM, Grooved.
CANALICULI LACHRYMALES,Lachry.
mal ducts— c. Limacum, Lachrymal ducts— >c.
Semicirculares, Semicircular canals.
CANALIS, Meatus — c. Arterjosus, Arte-
rial duct — c. Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid — c.
Canaliculatus, Gorget — c. Caroticus, Carotid
canal— c. Deferens, Deferens, vas— c. Intesti-
norum, Intestinal Tube— c. Lacrymalis, Lach-
rymal or nasal duct— c. Medina, Aonaeductus
Sylvii— c. MeduIIs Spinalis, see Vertebral
column— c. Nerveos fistulosus renum, Ureter —
c. Orbits nasalis. Lachrymal or nasal duct— c.
Scalarum communis, Infundibulum of the coch-
lea — c. Tympanicus, Canal, tympanic — c. Uri-
narius, Urethra — c. Vidianus, Pterygoid canal.
CANALS OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive of
bones— c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive of bones.
Carals, Nutritive, Canals for the nutri-
tiom of boneoy JDuctue nutri^'tiL JSaver'eian
Canals, Ctmale of Havers, (F.) Canaux nour^
riders Ott du Nutrition des os, Conduits
nourrieiers ou nutriders. The canals, through
which the vessels pass to the bones. They are
lined by a very fine lamina of compact tezturCx
or are formed in the texture itself. There is, -
generally, one large nutritious canal in a long
bone, situate towards its middle.
CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate
of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira. That of the latter is however more
equable, and the accommodation for invalids
much superior.
C ANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris ele-
mifera.
CANART-SEED> Phalaris Canariensis.
CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous—*. D«-
wUeireulairss^ Semicircular canals — e. Ajateula-
teurs, Ejaculatory ducts — e. Nourrieiers, Ca-
nals, nutritive— e. de Nutrition dee os, Canals,
nutritive.
CANAUX DE TRANSMISSION Ac-
cording to Bichat, the bony canals intended to
give passage to vessels and nerves going to
parts more or less distant; as the Cana'lis Ca-
retieue, &c.
CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canals,
The canals sitqate in the diploe, which convey
vencms blood.
CAN'CAMUM. A mixtare of several gums
and resins, exported from Africa, where it is
used to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by
the name x«r jra^or, the tears from an Arabian
tree, which are similar to myrrh, and of a dis-
agreeable taste. He advises it in numerous
diseases. This name is given, alaO| to the
Anime, (q. v.)
CANCAMY, Anime.
CAN'CELLATED, CaneeUa'tus, (F.) Cast-
0«tf i; from CaiM«//*, Mattice-work.' Formed of
cancelli, as the 'cancellated structure of bone.'
CANCEL^LI. « Lattice-work.* The C«/-
lular or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu
eelluleux; consisting of numerous cells, com-
CANCELLUS
144
CANCER A(ffTAtIXgrB
nnmicating with each other. They contain a
fatty matter, analagout.to marrow. This tex-
ture is met withy principally, at the extremi-
ties of long hones ; and some of the short hones
consist almost wholly of it. It allows of the
expansion of the extremities of hones, without
adding to their weight ; and deadens concussions.
CANCELl-US, from eaner^ «a cnih.» A
species of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and
Bernard the Hermit: which is stud to cure
rheumatism, if rnhhed on the part.
CANCER, <a crab.' (q. v.) Car'eino*, Lupus
eancro^ene, Ulcus eanero^sum, A disease,
so called either on account of the hideous ap-
pearance which the ulcerated cancer presents,
or on account of the great veins which surround
it, and which the ancients compared to the
claws of the crab : called also Careino*9ia. It
consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, intersected
hr firm, whitish, divergent hands ; and oecnrs
chiefly in the secernent glands. The pains are
acute and lancinating, and often extend to other
parts. The tumour, ultimately, terminates in
a fetid and ichorous nicer. It is dlBtinguiahed,
according to its stages, into occult and open ;
the former being the scirrhous, the latter the
ulcerated condition. At times, there is a sim-
ple destruction ot erosion of the organs, at
others, an enmpkeUoid or csreiriform, and at
others, again, a colloid degeneration.
For its production, it requires a peenliar di-
athesis, or cachexia. The following table,
frofn Dr. Walshe, exhibits the chanieters «f
the three species of carcinoma :
The use of irritants in cancerous affectioos,
is strongly to be deprecated. When the dis-
ease is so situate that excision can be practised,
the sooner it is removed the better.
Sawniblaf lobolatad oerebial mat-
ter.
Is comiDonlf opake fton its ear-
liest fonnatiott.
Is ofs <toad wUta eoloor.
Cton talM a aiultitiide of mtnate
VMns.
Is i«M bard and deoss tlian sdr-
Besembiei riad of baoon t ra ve rs ed
by cellalp>fibroa« svpta.
Has a senitraiisparaat glossiness
Has a clear wbitlsh or bluish yel
low tint.
Is comparatively iU-supplfed witb
CUIatfL
Has tbe'tppearanoe of panicles of
lellir ialaid in a r^pilar atmlar bed.
The contained maUer la airitiitttf
transparent
Greenish yellow is lla^prodosninaDi
Is exceedingly Arm and dense.
Has not been distinctly detected in
ihis situation.
The main microscopical eonstiUi
ents are Juxtaposed nuclear cells;
Is Avqnently fboad In the veins
issuing fbom the diseased mass.
Tlie predominant microscopical
<*1ements are globular, not always
distinctly cellalar, and caudate cor* caudate corposoula danoteuiistinit
puscttla.
Rarely acquires larger dimenaiona
than an orange.
lu seat, as ascertained .by obeerva-
lion, is somewhat more limited.
Is not unusually solitary.
Its ▼ess els have not
ciently examined ss yet.
The Jelly-like m«if«r is exceadlnilr
10 A ; a eoMold moee U, however, ftim
and reaistiog.
The pultaeeonii variety i
ted in the vein
Oocaaionalfar attains an enormous
bulk.
Has been observed in almost every
ilssaeofthebody.
Very commonly co-exisu in several
parts or organs of the same subjtfct.
Is remarkable fbr its occasiunal
vast rapidity of growth.
Is fVequently the seat of tuterslitlal
hemorrhage and deposition of Mack
or bistre-coloured matter.
When softened into a pulp, sppean
as a dead white or pink opake mat
ler of creamy consistence.
Subcutaneous tumours are slow to
contract adhesion with the skin.
Crieented ene^phaioid Is frequent
ly the teat of hemorrhage, followed
by fapid fuagous development.
The progress of the disease after
oleeration la commonly very rapid
It is the meet common fiwm under
which secondary cancer exhibits it
If.
Is the speeiee of cancer moet fre
quently oaservod In young sutjects.
Ordinarily grows slowly.
Is enoiparatively rarely the seal of
these changes.
B«aembles, when softened, a yel-
lowish brown aemitransparent gela-
tinous matter.
Scirrhns thus situate usually be-
comes adherent.
Scirrhous ulcers much leas tn-
quentiy give rise to hemoirhage ; am
fungoua growthj 'provided they re
tain the acirrhoua character} are now
more alowly and leaa abundantly de*
veloped.
There la not such a remarkable
change in the rate of progress of the
after alearatloa has set i o .
t hefbre pa-
veins.
Is composed of shells in a statec<
Inthlsnspect
Ras so far been aeea In a limited'
number of pans only. |
Has rarely been oiet with in more
tan one organ.
erows with a medittm degree at
rapidity.
Undergoes no visible change of the
kind.
Has so far been observed in adulfs
only.
Cancsb Alvbola&];39 Colloid.
Carcsr AquAT'ictTS, Gan'grettous stomati*-
tit, Cancrum Oris, Gangreenop'sisjCanier of
the mofith, Gangrenous sore mouth. Sloughing
Phageda^na of the mouth, Water Canker:
called, also, Aphth€B serpen^tes, OangrcR'na
Oris, Noma, Nomi, Nomus, Pseudoearcino*-
ma la^bii, Stomac^acB gangreew/sa, Cheiloe'acB,
tJtoe'aci, Uli'tis sep'tiea,Chsilomala'eia,8corbMf'
tns Oris, Stomatomala'eia pu^trida, Stomatosep'-'
sis, Stomatoneero*sis, Carbun'eulus lahio'rum
et genalrum, 4*6. (F.) Cancer aqttati^ue. Stoma"
tite gangrineuse, 8, Charhonneuse^ Oangrine
de la Bouche, Sphacele de la Bouche, Fegarite,
Aphthe gangrineux. Certain slonghing or gan-
grenous ulcejs of the month,-— so called, per-
haps, because they are often accompanied with
an affinx of saliva. The disease is not uncom-
mon in children's asylums, and demands the
same treatment as hospital gangrene; — ^the
employment of caustics, and internal and ex-
ternal antiseptics.
CANCER AQUATIQUE, Cancer «quati-
ens, Stomacace — e. Areolaire, Colloid— c. As-
tacus, see Cancrorum chels— c. Black, Mehmo-
Caminariorum^ Cancer, chunney sweep-
CANCSR 1}B QAUBN
US
CANINE
eiV— €. CeHnlaryEnceplMloid— «• CMMform0i
fee Encephaloid.
Cancbk» CHXMnxT-ewuvvxs'y Sootwturt,
Canegr mMndito*rtvmy Cancer purgaio^ris inf^
wtWtJif Cunetr sen earemo*ma eeroti, Cmutr
eaminano*rum, O^eksoeardno^maf Osekocarci^
lufMo, (F.) Canmr dss Ramon^ms. This sf-
fectioQ beg^ with a suoerficisl, psinltil, irre-
pilar nicer with hud and elevated edges occn-
pjing the lower partof the terotum. Eztirpa-
tioQ of the part aifected is the only means of
effecting a cure*
CAsosa, DAyxDsoa's RsHBnT roE, see Coni-
am macnlatnm — 0. du FvU^ Hipaioea * a s sw a
e. Fibroos, Scirrhus.
Cahcek Gals']!!, (F.) Omeer de Galieit. A
bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the
name Canctr, from its eight heads resembling,
mdely, the ckws of the crab. It is now sup-
plied by the bandage with six eks/s or heads,
which IS called the JSamdage QfGaUmT B. of
tJuP9or.
CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni-
r. Otlatimf^rmef Colloid— c. Gelatinous, Col-
loid--c. Hard, Scirrhns— c. Intestinornm, £n-
teropathia cancerosa — e. des Intestins^ £n-
teropathia cancerosa— -c, of the Lung, Phthisis,
cancerous — c. LnKis,Lnpus--c.Medullaris,£n-
cephaloid— e. Melssneus, Melanosis-^. Milanty
Melanoais — c. Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic.
CAifCKRyMKLAiioT'ic,C0iM»riiMlaii0'</M,Car»
lino'ma i mian o'det, A combinMion of cano«r
and melanosis.
Carcsb. Mollis, see Ehcephaloid — r. JIfott,
Encephaloid— c. Monditorum, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers' — c. OculijScirrhopbthalmus— cQris,
Stomacace — c. Ossis, Spina ventossr-c. Pharyn-
gis et (esophagi, Laemoscirrhus— c. Purgatoris
iniumicttli, Cancer,chimney-sweepers'— e. Scir-
rhosus, Bcirrhus — c. Scroti, Cancer, chinmey-
i weepers' — c« Soft, Hamatodes fungus— c. of
the Stomach, Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica
~c. Uteri, Metro-carcinoma.
CANCEREUX, Cancerous.
CANCER ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana,
Phytolacca decandra.
C ANCEROMA, Carcinoma.
CAN'CEROUS,C«fero'#iM,Carc»w'««,(F.)
Caneireux. Relating to cancer ; as Cancerous
nlecTy Cancerous Diathesis^ &c.
CANCHALA'GUA, Cachenh^uen, Caehdti'
iagua^ CkanceUtgua^ Erythrm'a CkUen*ns. A
bitter Chili plant, which is considered aperient,
sudorific, stomachic, Termifuge and febrifuge.
CANCRENA, Gangrene.
CAN'CROID, Cancro'decy Caner6t'desy Cmr-
n'no'desy CardndUleSf CaneroVdeus^ from Mn<-
efr and tjAvr, < form.' That which assumes a
cancerous appearance. Chneroid is a name
^▼en to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert :
called also Cheltnd or Keloid (/five, * a tor-
toise,' and ti^r, * likeness,') from their present-
ing a llattlsh raised patch of integument, re-
iembiing the shell of a tortoise.
CANCROMA, Carcinoma.
CANCROHUM CHEL^, 0<ful% vel L«/-
'^dee Cancro'rum^ LapUUi eancro'rum^ Conere-
•en'ta Ae'tad Jluviat^iUe, Crab's etones or
«y«#, (F.) Teuxd^ierevise. Concretions found,
puticnlarly, in the Cancer A/taeus or Cray-
fish. They consist of carbonate and phosphate
of Ume, and possess antacid Tirtnes, but not
aoce than chalk.
CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Ckancreuse.
CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquations, Sto-
CANDELA, Bougie— c. Fumalis, Pastil^-c.
Medicata, Bougie^'-c, Ragia, Yerbascum ni-
gram.
CANDELARIA, Yerbascum nigrum.
CANDI, Candumy Cantkumt Can^Hant
' white, bleached, purified.' Purified and crjra-
tallised sugar. See Sacchamm.
CANDIDUM OYI, Albumen ori.
CANE, SUGAR, see Sacchanmk-H:. Sweet,
Acorns calamns.
CANELAy Grooved.
CANELLA, see Canella alba.
Cauxl'la Alba, diminutive of Cmmmi, * a
reed,' so called because the bark is rolled up
like a reed. Cortem Winterafnus spu'riucy Cs-
neliM Cuba'na, C. Wiuterafniay Cinnami/imem
album, Cortex Aniieeorbt^ticuSf C. Aromat^ieue,
Coetue cortico'susy Camin'ga, CaneUa of Lin-
nasos, and of Ph. U.- S., Canella SarJt, CameBm,
(F.) Canelle on Caaalle blanche^ Paueee Jteorea
de Winter, Jtcoree Cmrioeoefine, Fam, Magno-
liace». Sex. Spet, Dodecandria Monogynia.
This bark is a pungent aromatic. Its virtues
are partly extracted by water ; entirely by al-
cohol. It is a stimufauit, and is added to bit-
ters and caUiartics.
Cahklla Cartopbtllata, Myrtns caryo>
phyllatsr— c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia—
c. Malabarica et Javensis, Laurus cassia.
CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus
CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or
goat's skin, used for trying the quality of Ian*
cets.
CANICACEOUS, Furfturaceoms.
CAN'ICiE. Meal, in which there is siuch
bran. Also, coarse bmd ; or bread in which
there is much bran— Pa«tM Camica'oaae.
CANICIDA, Aconitum.
CANICULA ; the Dogatary from canic, * a
dog ;' Xfiei«r, Sirias, (F.) Cameule. This star,
which gives its name to the Dogdaps, Dies eOf
miculafree, because they commence when the
sun rises vntii it, was formerly believed to ex-
ert a powerAil influence on the animal econo-
my. The Dogndays occur at a period of the
year when there is generally great and oppres-
sive heat, and therefore— it has been conceived
— a greater liability to disease.
CANIP, Knife
CANIN, Canine.
CANINANiE RADIX, CaincsB radix.
CANINE, CanCnuty Cpn'icue, irvt i«ec, fram
cams, < a dog.' (F.) Canin. That which has
a resemblance to th» structure^ &c., of a dog.
CANiifx Fossa, Posea Caninay InfraarhUair
or SuborUtar foeea, <F.) Poeee Canine. A
small depression on the superior maxillary
bone, above the dene eaninut, which gives
attachment to the eaninue or levator anguU
Cahirx luiVan,Sardon^telaughjRieu* Cani'^
nus sen Sardon'ieue sen Sardo'nius, R. de Sar^
defnia,R.imjeUmtafriue,R.epae*tieua, Tortu^ra
Oris, Distof'tio Oris, Oelas'mue, Sardifaeie^
Sardoni'aeie, Triemue Sardon'ieue sen epn'teusy
Spaemue mueeulorum faciei seu eyn'ieue, (F.)
Rie canin, R, Sardonique, R, Sardonian, R. mo-
queur. A sort of laugh, the facial expression of
which is produced particularly by the spasmodic
CANmUS
I4i
CAPBERN, WATERS OF
contTmetioD of tlM C^mmm* mniclcu Probablyy
this ej^egnon, as well m Cfnie Spasm^ Spas'
mus eaninus lea cf n'ieuSy Conntd'tU cam^na^
JVismus e^ieusj may have originatad in tlM
T«Minblaiic6 of the affection to certain move-
ments in the upper lip of the dog. The JEUstu
Sard&n^icus is laid to have been so called Irom
aimilar aymptoma having been induced by a
kind of fianunculns that grows in Sardinia.
mttkiv^y oevUir—^ mtortUm'Us, EfS SWrA,
(F.) Dents eaninssy laniairBtf anguknr$s, eoti-
mresy aiUhss on eonoi€hs* The teeth be-
tween the lateral incisors and small molaresy
of tech jaw ; — so named becanse they resemble
tiie teeth of the dog.
CANINUS, Levator angnli oris— c. Sentis,
Rosa canina— c. SpasnniSy see Canine Langh.
CANIRAM, Strychnos nox vomica.
CANIRUBUS, Rosa canina.
CAMS INTERFECTOR, Veratrmn saba.
billa^-c. PonticQs, Castor fiber.
C ANIT'lES, from etnus^ « white.* Wkits^
ns49 or gra^ness ofth$ Aetr, and mecially of
that of the head. (F.) CsimIm. Wnen occur-
ring in consequence of old age it is not a dis-
ease. Sometimes, it happens suddenly^ and ap-
parently in consequence of severe mental emo-
tion. The causes, however, are not clear.
See Poliosis.
CANKER, Stomacace— c. of the Mouth,
Cancer aquaticns— -e. Water, Cancer aquaticus.
CANNA, see Toos-les-Mois, Cassia fistula,
Trachea— c. Brachii, Ulna — c. Domestica cru-
ris, Tlbia^-c. Fiitnla, Cassia fistnlar--c. Indies,
Sbigittarinm alexipharmacum— c. Major, Tibia
— c. Minor, Fibula, Radius— c. Solntiva, Cas-
sia fistula.
CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also,
Chumis, and Gnnjah.
Cah'nabis Sati'va,<F.) Chanvf, Ckambrie,
The seed of this— JXMipMtf^, Som'ina Canfna-
3m, (F.) Chsn§vi»t is otfy and mncilaginons.
The decoction is sometimes used in gon9rrh(Ba.
CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Cur-
coma longa.
CANNAMELLE, see Saccharum.
CANNE AROMATIQJXEy Acorus calamus
— e. CongOy Costus— «. de Rivih^ Costus— «.
d5«er#, see Saccharum.
CANNEBERGEy Vaccinium ozyooccos—
0. PonehUe, Vaccinium vitis id«u
CANNEL& ou CANELAy (F.) from eana'-
lis, ' a canal :' Sulea'tus, Striatus, Canalufu-
la'tus. Having a canal or groove— as Mutels
dmnnsli (Lieutaod,) the Gemini; Corps san^
nslis on strUs, the Corpora striata; Sonde coit-
nsiiSi a grooved sound, &c. See Grooved.
CANNELLEj Laurus cinnamomum-— 0.
BlaneAs, Canella alba— «. do la Chins, Laurus
cassia — 0. ds Coromand9l, Lauras cassi
Fausse, Lanrus cassia— « Girofiis, Myibis ca-
SjTophyllata — e. dts Indss, Laurus cassia — e.ds
isva, Lanrus cassia— e. do Malabar, Laurus
cassisr— «. Matte, Laurus cassisr-e. OfieinaU,
Lanrus cinnamomum— e. Poivris, see Wintera
aromatica.
CANNULA, Canula.
CANNULA PULMONUM, Bronchia.
CANOPUM, see Sambncns.
CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintomsnt
mitalUqus.
CANTABRICA, Convolvuhu Cantabrict.
CANTABRUNO, Furfur.
CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabnu.
CANTATIO, Charm.
CANTERBURY, WATERS OF,il^Cb».
tuarisnfsss. The waters of Canterbury in Kent,
England, are impregnated with iron, solpbir,
and carbonic acid.
CANTERIUM, Cantherius.
CANTHARIDE Til CHfTite, Lyttavit-
tata.
CANTHARIDINE, see CantiMuris.
CANTHARIS, from KOP^npo;, <a «earsi0-
«#;* Musea Mspan'iea, Msfol vssieato'fiiUy
Cantkaris vssieato'ria, Ly:tavssiet^'ria; BHt-
tsring Plf, Spmush Fly,Flf, (F.) Canthanit,
Mouohss, M. d'Espagns. This fly is nroeh
employed in medicine. It is the most conuim
vesicatory. Given internally, and even wbni
absorbed from the skin, it affects the orioiry
organs, exciting strangury. This may be pre-
vented, in cases of bluters, by interposing be-
tween the blistering plaster and skin a pisceof
tissue paper. Diluents will relieve the stiiD-
cury. Dose, half a grain to one giain. If kept
dry, the flies will retain their activity for muf
years. Their active principle, Can'thaniim,
CantAaridi'na, has been separated from them.
Cahthakis Vittata, Lytta Tittata.
CANTHE'RIUS, Cants^rium. The ero«-
piece of wood in the apparatus used by Hipfo-
crates for reducing luxations of the humem .
CANTHITIS. Inflammation of the csnthin
of the eye.
CANTHOPLAS'TICR, from jf«»«of, 'the
angle of the eye,' and nlaortno^, * formative.'
The formation, by plastic operation, of the ugl«
of the eye.
CANTHUM, Candi.
CANTHUS, Epiean'this, An'gulus eesU'
ris. Pons lackrfma*rum. The comer or angle
of the eye. The greater eantkvs is the inm
angle, Hireus, Hir'quus, Rhanter; the Utm
eantkus, the outsr angle, Paro'pia, Pega.
C ANTIA'NUS PULVIS. A cordial po^r,
known under the name, * Countess of Kent't
powder,' composed of coral, amber, crab's eyesi
prepared pearls, kc. It was given in esncer.
CANTION, Candi.
CANVLA,Can*nula,Au'liseus,AtUoe. Di-
minutive of Canna, <a reed;' Tu'bulfu,{f')
Canule ou Cannnle. A smaU tube of gpM,
silver, platinum, iron, lead, wood, or elaatk
gum, used for various purposes in surgery.
CA'OUTCHOUC. The Indian name for lit-
dian Rubber, Ela/tie Qum, Gwm EUttie, Cau-
ekue, Resi'na elas*tiea, Cayenne Resin, Cnrf-
ekue. A substance formed from the milky
juice of Hsevea seu Hevea Ouiansn'tis, Jot''
ropka elas'tiea seu Sipho'nia Cahuckfh ^'
slos'tion, Pieus Indiea, and Artoear'ptu ii>^*-
^r»yb7*a:— South American trees. It is inso-
luble in water and alcohol; but boiling ivater
softens and swells it. It is insoluble in the es-
sential oils and in ether, when it may be blown
into bladders. It is used in the Atbricatios of
catheters, bougies, pessaries, &c.
C APA-ISI AKKA : Biomelia ananas.
CAPBERN, WATERS OF. Capbert w
in the department Hautes-Pyrto^es, Fraaee.
The waters contain sulphates and carbonates
of lime and magnesia, and chloride of msgne-
CAJPBLST
m
CAP8IGUM
Tempentine, 75^ Fahreniieit* Thsy
ve purgative.
CAJ^ELBTf Mvrtns caryophyllatm.
CAPEU'NA, CapMi^nay (F.) Capelins; « A
W6mtatt's Hmt^ in French; CmfU'trtm^ from
mpuiy «lieed.' A tort of banclaee, which, in
diape, resembles m riding-hood. There are se-
Tsral kinds of (Upeiinas. 1. That of the head,
C. de la tke^ Fk/eU eapMlU. See Bonnet
iPHippocrtte. C. of tk$ ekviclsy enmlojred in
fractures of the acromion, clavicle and ipine of
the scapula. C. of an amptttated lisi^— the
bandage applied round the stnmp.
C APELLINA, Capelina.
CAPER 6U6H, Capparis apinosa.
CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia kthyria.
CAPERS, aee Capparis spinoaa.
C APETUS, Imperforation.
C APHORA, Camphor.
C APHVRA, Camphor.
CAJPILLAIREy Capillary, see Adiantnm
c^nlloBi ▼eneris-— «. du Canada^ Adiantnm pe-
d0 MontpMsr^ Adiantum capiUus
CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from Cajdihu, <a
hair,* CapiUC'tUm^ Trieko'ma^ Tnckoma^tion.
Any villcras or hairy covering. Also, a small
fibre or fibril.
CAPILLART, CapiUdHiy C^pUUe$u$,
from«flpftfAtf,<ahair.' (F.) CapiOmrB. Hair-
like; snail.
Cap'iixakt Ybsssls, Vasa mpUfafria^ (F.)
Vaisstoux mpillair0»y are the extreme radicles
of the arteries and veins, with perhaps a apongy
^ or parenchyma between the two. These,
together, eonstitote the eapiUarpf int0rm$diat$,
or peripkarai vaseukr 9fHtm. In this aystem,
secretion and nutrition are performed, and ani-
mal heat is prohably eUcited. They possess
an action distinct from that of the heart, and
are the aeat of febrile, inflammatory and other
CAPILLATIO, Triehismns.
CAPILLATUS, Impuber.
CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum,£tttxopion,
Scalp.
CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Afepeeia.
CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Piius, Coma^
ChteUj Crinity JPihUf Tkrix, Cmsafries, (F.)
C3k«vMi. This term is generally applied to the
bair of the head, PiU sea Haaor ^itis, the
characters of which vary, according to races,
individnala, he. Hairs arise in th& eelluUr
membrane, where the bulb is pbwed, and are
eompoMsed of two parts— «fi0, external, tubuhi^,
•ad transparent, of an epidermoid character ;
the oiker, internal and std gtturisf which com-
monicates to them their colour. The hair ia
iaaenaible, and grows from the root.
CArnxTTs CARAnsifSis, Adiantnm pedatam.
CAPIPLE'NIUM, CapUiplt'iUum, from
e«F>^,< the head,' and |»£m«MM,« full.' Aword,
employed with different significations. A va-
riety of catarrh.— Schneiier. A heaviness or
tisorder in the head common at Rome, like the
««frj|«(««y C«r0teris,of the GTeeka.-^Baglivi.
CAPtSTRATIO, Phimosis.
CAPISTRUM, Copdin»y Chsasstrsj Trismus
-<<. Ann, Borax.
Cafis'tkuii, PkdmoBy CmaoMy k^»c, * a hal-
tier.' Tins name has been given to several
bind^pea for the head.^— See Capeline, Che-
vestre.
CAPITALIA REMEDIA, CephaUe
dies.
CAPITALIS, CephaKc.
CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput.
CAPITEXTX, Heady.
CAPITILU'VIUM, from eaputy * the head,'
and ib«fffv, < to wash.' A bath for the head.
CAPITIPLENIUM, Capipleninm.
CAPITIPUR6IA, Caput purgia.
CAPITITRAHA, from eoput, <the head,'
and traJUrSy <to draw.' Instruments which,
like the forceps, draw down the head when im*
paeted in the pelvis.
C APITCNES, from eajmt, < the head.' JITs-
eroeepk'oHy Proeeph'aH, Foetuses whose heads
are so large aa to render labour difilcult.
CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Ca-
put^-c. Costs, see Costar— c. Laryngis, Comi-
culnm laryngisx-c. Martis, Eryngium campes-
tre— c. Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
CAPITTTLUVIUM, Bath, (head.)
CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
CAPNITIS, Tutia.
CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
CAPNOS, Fumaria.
CAPONy Coi^ou
CAPOTy C0goi.
CAP'PARIS SPINCSA, Cap'patUy Cappary
Ca'pria, Prieily Caper Bushy (F.) Cdprisr*
Pamilpy Capparides. 8sx, Spst. Polyandria
Monogynia. The bark of the root, and the
buds, have been esteemed astringent and diure-
tic. The buds are a well known pickle. — Ca*>
perSy (F.) Cdpres,
Capparis Baduc'ca, Badui'ia. A species of
caper, cultivated in India on account of the
beauty of its flowers. The Orientals make a
liniment with its juice, with which they mb
pained parte. The flowers are purgative.
CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone,
in the isle of Ischia, are waters containing car*
bonate of soda, chloride of sodium and carbo-
nate of lime. Temp. 100^ Fah.
CAPREOLA'RIS, from saprsolusy <a ten-
dril.' Cissoidssy EUcMsSy (F.) Capridmirs.
Twisted.
Capxeola'bia Yasa. Some have called thus
the spermatic arteries and veins, on account of
their numerous contortions.
CAPREOLUS, Helix.
CJPRSS, see Capparis spinosa.
CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa.
CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
CJPRIEB, Capparia spinoaa.
CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum.
CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony.
CAPRIZANS PULSUS, aee Pulse, capri-
zant.
CAPSA, Botf«, Capsule, Case— ^. Cordis,
Pericardium.
CAPSARIUM, Bt^Hsr.
CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum.
Cap'sioum AM'^uvif, from ncTcrv, * I bite.'
The systematic name of the plant whence Ce y-
snne Pepper is obtained^-— Pt^Mr In^dieum seu
Bispaafieumy Solafnum ttttnsy Silipios'tmm
PUn'iiy Piper Braxiiiofnum, Piper Ouinesfifsfy
Piper Caleevftieumy Piper Tar^eieumy C. His*
pan^ieumy Piper LusitaWioumy Capenne Psp^
pery QwMea Peppery (F.) PimsfUy Peivre
d'Indey Poivre de (hdniey Vorail dee Jardins.
The pungent, aromatic propertiea of Baeces
CAJPaiQtTM
148
CA&ANNA
Cap'stei, CmptiewmBerrUty Capwicwm (Ph. U.
S.)y mre yielded to ether, alcohol, and water.
They are highly stiimilant and rabelaeient, and
are ueed as a condiment. Their active princi-
ple is called Cap^itin*
Capsicum HnpARicvM , Capsicom annnnm.
CAPSIQUEj Capsicum annnnm.
CAPSITIS, see Phaeitis.
CAPSULA, MrMf^-c. Articolaris, Capsu-
lar ligament— c. Cordis, Pericardium— -e. Ben-
tis, Dental follicle— c. Lentis^ see Crystalline
— e. Nervorum, Neurilemma*
CAPSULiE SEMINALES, Yesieuto 8— e.
Synoviales, Bnrss mucosas.
CAPSULAJREy Capsular.
CAP'SULAR. Relating to a capsnla or c^K
snle. Capsulc^ris, (F.) Captuiaire.
C^PSULAa Aktxbibs, Suprars'nal ArUrUt
and Vein*. Vessels, belonging to the suprare-
nal capsules. They are divided into superior,
middle, and inferior. The first proceea from
the inferior phrenic, the second from the aorta
itself, and the third from the renal artery. The
corresponding veins enter the phrenic, vena
cava, and renal.
Capsular Lio'AMKirT, Ligamtn'tvm eapsu"
ia*riy Cap'nda artieula'rify Ariie'ular capsuU^
Fibrous eaptuit, hc», (F.) Ligament capsu-
iair€y Capsule articulairSy CapsuU fihreux^
&c. Membranous, fibroolb, and elastic bags or
capsules, of a whitish consistence, tiiick, and
resisting, which surround Joints.
CAPSULE, Cap'sulay CapsOy a box, or case,
(F.) Capsule. TlM name has been given, by
anatomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each
other.
Capsulx, Fibrous, Capsular ligament.
Capsulb, Gblat'inoxts, Cap'sula geltO^inmy
Consuls of gelatin, A modem invention by
which copaiba and other disagreeable oils can
be enveloped in gelatin so as to conceal their
taste.
Capsulb ov G1.I88ON, Ca^euia Gusso'hh,
C eommufnie GLisso'iin, Vagi'na Pwrtesy F.
Ozjsso'iiu. A sort of membrane, described by
Olisson, which is nothinc n»ore than dense cel-
lular membrane surrounding the vena porta and
its ramifications in the liver.
Capsule ov thb Hbabt, CapsuUs cordis.
The pericardium, (q. v.)
Capsulb, Rbnal, C Suprarenal or Airabil*^
iarp Renal Olaetdy Ohn'dula euprarenafUs^
Cap^sula rsna*lisy euprarene/lis vel atraUlim''
risy Ren sueeenturieitusy Nepkrid^iumy (F.)
Capsule surrinale on atrahUiaire, A flat, tri-
angular body, which covers the upper part of
the kidney, as with a helmet. A hollow cavity
in the interior contains a brown, reddish or vel-
lowish fluid. The renal capsules were long
•npnosed to be the secretory organs of the ftn-
cied atrabilis. lliey are much larger in the
fcetus than in the adult. Theb uses are not
known.
Capsulb, 8BM'iwAL,Cgymla s emi na'Us. Bar-
TBOLiNB thus designates the extremity of the
vas deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the
vicinity of the vesiculas seminsies. Some ana^
tomists apply this name to the vesiculae them-
selves.
Capsulb, Stbo'vial, CSs^mls Spnoviaflie,
A membranous bag, surrounding all the mova-
ble articulations and canals, which gives pas-
to tendons. Synovial capsnlM eacbale,
from their articular torfiMe, a flaid,
function is to favour the motions of psrts npos
each other. See Bursa mucosa, and SynoTia. «
CAPSULE SURRANALB ou ATkABh
LIARBy Capsule, renal.
CAPSULITIS, see Phadtit.
CAPVCHONy Trapezius.
CAPUCINBy TropsM^om majns.
CAPULIES, Prwins capnlin.
CAPULUS, Scrotum.
CAPUT, < the head,' (q. v.) Also, the top
of a bone or other part, (F.) The. TheUd
of small bones is sometimes termed •opiihk'
hem, eapiteWumy eapkaUd*immy eepkfaHty eh
pAatiwm. Also, the glans penis.
Caput Aspbrx Artbrlb, Larynx^-e. Coli,
CsBCum— c. Galliaacenm, see Gallinaginii ctpot
—c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis ctpat— «.
Genitals, Glans— c. Lubricum, Penis— c. Mo>
nachi, Leontpdon Taiazacum— c. Obstipon,
Torticollis— «. Penis, Glans.
Caput Pue'oia, Capiiipmr'gim* Benedia,
which the ancients regarded as proper kt
purging the head : e rrk ines, stemutateriesyem-
phlegmatisantiaj kc, PtoiptT Alpinos mua
the eaput purgia to be the same as errhiiMi;
and the apopklegmatiewd the same as the inw>
ticatbries of the modems.
Caput Scapula, Acromion.
Caput Sucobda'nbum. A term sometimeB
used for the tumefied scalps which first preiCBU
in certain cases of labour.
Caput Tbstis, Epididjrmis.
CAQUE-SANGUEy Cagme^eamgue. OU
French words which signify BloUp evesm-
ttoney (F.) Ddjectione eanguimolentss. They
come from caeare, < to go to stooV '■^ eengeit,
* Uood.* Under tlus teim was comprehended
every affection, in which blood is discfatiged
from the bowels.
C ARA XHUJJAyFruteatLt'dicus spiiu'itu,
Barie'ria buxifo'Ha. A Malabar phnt, iriueh,
when applied extomalty, ii matnrative ind re-
solvent. The decoction of its root is used, io
the country, in ischuria.
CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of
India, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like
that of the clove. Its decoction and infinioo
are given as stomachic and antiscorbutic.
CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous in-
sects. Two species, the ^ryeoetpkfaks tnd
ferrugin'eusy have been recommmended for tbe
toothache. They must be pressed between the
fingers, and then rubbed on the gum and tooth
aflected.
CARACTkREy Character.
CARAGNA, Caranna.
C ARAMATA, Arwmari. A tree is the in-
land parts of Pomeroon. It fiirmshes a ftbri-
fuge bark, which Dr. Hancock says may he
used in typhoid and remittent fevers where the
cinchona is either useless or pemiciotts.
CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa caimmbols.
CARAN'NA, Caragnuy Taeamahaeey Cereg-
nay Caran'nm Qummiy Q. Breli'sisy Gum Cer
ranfnay (F.) Caragnsy Gomme Caragne 00 Ce^
rane. A gum-resinous substance, which flo^
from a Urge tree in New Spain, and is obtained
from South America in impure masses. It pro-
serves its softness for a long time, has an aro-
matic smell, and a slii^tly acrid and bitter
taste. It was formerly used as a vnlneiary
and in i^asters.
CARAWAY
149
CABCnnTB SFQIfGIOSro
CARA WAT9 CBmm.
CARBASA, Linteiun.
CARBASUS, Lintenm.
CARBO, Carbo Ugm^ CkMreoml^ (F.) CAor-
^M. Fieili Chureoal is antiieptic. It it used
to improve the dijceitiye organs in ett^es of
vrormsy dyspepsia, £c.{ as a cataplasm to gen-
grenoos and fetid ulcers, tinea, &c., and forms
a good tootli-powder. Bose^ gr. x. to 3j. Also,
Anthrax, (q. ▼.)
Cakbo Ahima'lis, Carbo eamis, Animal
tkarcaaij (F.) Guirbon animal. In the Phar-
macopeia of the United States, it is directed to
be prepared from bones. It is given in the
same cases as the Carbo Ligni, and has been
CKtoUed in cancer. Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iij.
The Pharmacopceia of the 'United States con-
tains a formula for the preparati<m of Cakbo
Ahima'ijs Pueifica'tub, purijied ammal ehar-
aaal (^Carbarn, animal. Ij; Add mnriat,y Aqum
52 f. .^xi^'O Pour the muriatic acid, previously
mixea with the water, gradually upon the char-
coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days,
occasionally stirring t^ mixture. Having al-
lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour
otf the aapematant liquor, wash the charcoal
frequentlT with water until it is entirely free
from acid, and lastly dry it.
Cakbo Fob'silis, Lithatukra^, Stone coal.
Cakbo Hum A'livif. The human excrement.
Cakbo Mimskalis, 6rr.phites^-c. Palpebra-
nmi, Anthracoais— c. Spongiae, Spongia nsta.
CARBON, SESQUl-IODIDE OF, Carbo-
ixis sesqui-lodidnm— c. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis
•dphnretnm— c. Sulphuret of, Carbonis sul-
phuretam — c. Terchloride of, Chloroform.
CAR'BONAS or CARBOOYAS. A earbo-
nat€. (¥.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by the
combination of carbonic acid with a salifiable
Cakboitas Natkicvm, SodsB earbonas.
CARBONATE DUMMONIAQUE, Am-
moms carDcmas.
C AR'BONATED, CarbonaftMSyAMtns,(V.)
Carbonij AM. That which is impregnated
with carbonic acid.
CARBONi, Carbonated.
CARBON'IC ACID, Ae"idmn Carbon'ieum,
SoHd Air of Ha/s#, PacHHout Air, Futod Air,
Carionafeemtt Aeid, Calea'reons Add, Atrial
Add, Mspkifie Add, Spi/Uua Utha'lit, (F.)
Adde Carboniquo. This gas, which nei-
ther supports respiration nor combustion, is
not often used in medicine. It is the main
agent in effisrvescent draughts, fermenting
poultices, &C. It is often found occupying the
lower parts of mines — ^when it is called the ehoke
d ump c a verns, tombs, wells, brewers' vats,
fcc., and not unfrequently has been the cause of
death. Lime thrown into such places soon ab-
•orbs the acid.
CARBCNIS SESQUMCDIDUM, C. 5s#.
pd-Iodnre'tnm, Sesqni-Fodids or Sesqui'Tod'u-
r^ of Carbon. This is made by mixine concen-
trated alcoholic solutions of iodine and potsssa,
mitil the former loses its colour; a solution is
'obtained from which water throws down a yel-
low precipitate— tiie sesqui-iodide of carbon. It
las been used in enlarged glands and in some
mta&eoua ^Ktctions, applied externally, (^ss,
*oxvj. of cerate.)
C ARBoiiis SirLPHVKS'TVM, Smlphwt'hMn Car^
bo'mU, Bitl'jUum Carbo'nU, Carbo'nium Sulpktt-
ra*tumyAVeohol8nl'phuri9,BiMnlphuro'tmm Car*
bo*nii, Snlphnret of Carbon, Bisulpkurot of Car'
bon^ Carburet of Sulphur,(F.)8ulfurBdB Carbon.
This transparent, colourless fluid, which has a
very penetrating, disagreeable odour, and a
taste trhich is cooling at first, but afterwards
acrid and somewhat aromatic, is a difi!usible
excitant. It is diaphoretic, diuretic, and has
been said to have proved emmenagogue. It is
also used in nervous diseases as an antispasmo-
dic. Dose, one drop to four, repeated fre-
quently.
It is used externally, where a cooling inflo*
ence has to be rapidly exerted.
CARBONIUMSULPHURATUM,Carboni8
sulphuretum.
CARBUNCLE, Anthrax— c. Fungous, Ter-
minthus — c. of the Tongue, Glossanthrax—- c.
Berry, Terminthus.
CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea.
CARBUNCULAR EZANTHEM, Anthrsr
cia.
CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharan-
thraeosis.
CARBUNdULUS, Anthrax— e. Anginosas,
Cynanche maligna— c. Labiorum et genarum.
Cancer aquaticus — c. Pulmonum, Necropnen-
monia.
CAKBi7ii'cm.iT8 RuBi'ifim. A red, shining,
and transparent stone, from the Isle <^ Ceylon;
formerl]r employed in medicine as a preserva^
tive against several poisons, the plague, &c.
Cakbumculdb Ulcobcttlosus, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
CARCAROS, from naQnaiom, <I resound,'
* I tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has
a general tremor, accompanied with an unceas-
ing noise in the ears.
CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancrouso*
CARCINOIDES, Cancroid.
C ARCINO MA, Caneero'ma, Cttncro'ma, from
jrapxirof, <a crab.' Some authors have thus
called indolent tumours diiferent from cancer;
others, incipient cancer; and others, again, the
species of cancer in which the affected structure
assumes the appearance of cerebral substance;
but the majority of authors use Carcinoma in
the same sense as Cancer.
Cakcinoma Alveolakb, Colloid— c. Fibro-
sum, Scirrhus — c. Haematodes, HsBmatodes fun-
gus— c. Intestinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa —
c. Linguas, Glossocarcinoma — c. of the Liver,
Hepatoscirrhus— c. MeduIlare,Encephaloid— «•
Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic — c. Melanoticum,
Melanosis — c. Simplex, Scirrhus— c. Spongio-
sum, Encephaloid, Hematodes fungus— ^. Scroti,
Cancer, Chimney sweepers' — c. Uteri, Metro-
carcinoma, Metroscirrhus— c. Ventriculi, Gas-
troBcirrhus; see Gastrostenosis cardiaca et py-
lorica.
CARCINOM'ATOUS. Relating to Cancer.
CARCINOME MOU ET SPONGIEUX,
Encephaloid— 0. Sanglanto, Encephaloid, He-
matodes fungus.
CARCINOS, Cancer.
CARCINO'SES, (G.) Knrnnoten, from jca#-
ffrroc, <a crab.' A family of diseases, accord-
ing to the classification of Fuchs; which em-
braces the different forms of Cancer.
CARClNOSUa, Cancerous.
CARCINUS SPONGI03U3, Encephaloid.
CABBAMAMTICA
150
CARmOlCALACIA
CARDAMANTICA, Cmrdamine pntantii,
Lepidiom Iberia.
CARDAMINDUM.MINUS, TroiMDolam
majiu.
CARDAMINE FONTANA, Siaymbriom
nasturtliuii.
Cabdami'mC pKATBR'tity GofJ^MN'Mf, Cgrdo-
man'tieay N'astur'tium Aqnai^ieumy Cmr*dan%any
Cuiijiot, Ihtfrit sopk'ia, Ifattur'Humpraien'gij
Ladi4»^'*mocky Cuchfo-Jfower, Common BitUr
Cress, (F.) Cressan iligani, Cr§s99H tUs prks,
Fatfrage iowvag; Onf . CrueifenB. The flow-
en have been considered nseiiil as antispasmo-
dics, in the dose of 9^j. to ^ij. Thej are pro-
bably inert.
CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amomnm caida-
CARDAMOMB, Amomnm cardamomam —
e.tUlm Ctu d§ Mtdahar, Amomum cardamo-
CARDAMOMUM MAJIJS, Amomnm gra-
na paradisi— c. Minns, Amomum cardamomum
— c. Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi.
CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis.
CARDtREy Dipsactts Bjlvestri*— 0. Cuitivi,
Dipsaens fullonum.
CARDIA, MoQita, <the heart,' Stom'aekus,
Orifi&'iwm tinig^trum sen Ingret'tut tupe'rior
mfntri^uli. The superior or asophaceal orifice
of the stomach, ^Ort^ViMi vntriJuli Hms'-
trum. Also, the Heart, (q. ▼.)
CARDIAC, Cardi'acut, from ra^ia, <the
heart ;' or the apper orifice of the stomach. (F.)
Cardiaque. Relating to the heart or to the
upper orifice of the stomach. A cordial, (q. ▼.)
Cabdiac Ab'tbeies, Co/onarj arterUi, (F.)
Arthre* eardiaqvss on coronairesy are two in
number. They arise from the aorta, a little
above the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and
are distributed on both surges of the heut.
Cakdiao Ganglion, Cardiac plexus.
Caediao Nbbvss, (F.) Nerft eardiaquss.
These are commonly three on each sidei a su-
perior , middle and inferior, which are furnished
by corresponding cervical ganglia. Commonly,
there are but two on the left side ; the upper
and middle, which draw their origin from the
last two cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the ««-
/Mfiof^— C. »uperjteia*li» ; the middle— -C. pro-
fun* due or C. magnue; and the inferior — C
parvus. There are, besides, Cardiac JU'amonts,
(F.) FiUts eardiaques, ftirnished by the par
vagum or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become
confounded with the above.
Caboiao Plexttb, Oan'glion eardiaeum, Car-
diae ganglion. A nervous net-work, formed by
the different nerves above mentioned. It is si-
tuate at the posterior part of the aorta, near its
origin. It affotds numerous branches, which
are distributed to the heart and great vessels.
Cabdiac Vbins, Coronarj veine, (F.) Veines
Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; two
anterior and two posterior. They open into
the right auricle by one orifice, which is fbr-
nished with a valve, and is called, by Portal,
Sinus eoronaire du Caur,
CARDIAC A CRISP A, Leonuras cardiae^*-
c. Passio, Cardialgia.
CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal.
CARDIA6MUS, Cardialgia.
CARDPAGRA^ Age^tio eirihrWiea cordis:
from ROf^ia, *the heart,' and ay^, <seifiiR.'
Gout of the heart.
CARDIAG'RAPHT, Cardiagra'phia, fsm
MoqSia, * the heart,' and r(«f ir» * ^ descrqitioB.'
An anatomical description ci the heart.
CARDIAL'GIA, Cardi*aoa Pmssio, Celiea
Ventrie*uliy Spasmus VentriefuHy Perodfu'ia,
Cordo*lium^ CardUts'a, Dyspepsodyn'ia, Df»-
pepsiodjfn'ia, Dfopepiodpn^ia, Perotodfu'ie,
Cardiod'yni, Qustrml'gia, OaeUral'gia, (hutr^-
eol'ia,Oastrod*fni,Fas'sio Cardi*aea,Stomaek-
at'gia, Oastrodyn'ia, Stomaeai'gia, CarU'em
Morbus, Cardiog*mus : from xo^cc, ' tfaecanbc
orifice of the stomach,' and oXyo^, * pain :' Pern
of the stomach, (F.) DouUur do PJtsiomae, D.
nivralgique de PEstowuio : also, Hewfiium, <F.)
CardialgU, Ardour d^Estowuse, A. du Cam,
Impaired appetite, with gnawing or buniinf pun
in the stomach or epigastrinm^ — Mornu tvI
ardor ventrie'uli, Morsus otom'aeki, Seie,
Idmo'sis eardial*gia mordens, Rosio Stomfadu
sen Ventrie^uli: — a symptom of dyspepsia.
Cabmaloia Inflamvatobia, Gastriti»-c.
Sputatoria, Pyrosis.
CARDIALOG'IA, from jroe^ia, < the heart,'
and loyo(,< a discourse.' A treatise on the beart
CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis.
CARDIARCTIE, Heart, concentric bxper-
trophy of the.
CARDIAIUUS; same etymology. A rnme
given to a worm, said to have becoi fiiond in the
heart or pericardium.
CARDIATOM'I A, itom uo^a, < the heait,'
and fnfiv, * to cut.' Diaaection of the heart.
CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
CARDIECTASIS, aee Aneurism of the
heart^-c. Partialia, Anenriam of the heart.
CARDIELCOSIS; from nm^Sia, <the heart,'
and UXnof, < an ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart.
CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatoais cordis.
eARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart.
C A RDIL^ELA, Cardialgia.
CARDIM'ELECH, from aoeaw, <the heart,'
and 1^0, MeleJt, (Hebr.,><a governor.' A
auppoaititioos active principle seated in the
heart, and governing the vital functians^—Do-
Ueua.
CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia cardiMhi
— c. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica.
CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalif.
CARDINAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gom-
idiosis.
CARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedieta.
CARDIOCE'LR, from MOQhn, 'the heart/
and X11A11, * rupture.' Hernia of the heart, espt-
cially into the abdominal cavity.
CARDIOCLASIE, CardiorrhezU.
CARDIOIXYNfi, Cardiodyn'ia; fxomu^.
'the heart, the stomach,' and oiv^n, 'pain.'
Pain in the heart. Also, Cardialgia.
Cabdiodtnb Sfasmodica Intbbiiittbrs, An-
gina pectoris.
CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates emploTed
this word synonymously with cardialgia. In
the time of Galen it was used, by some writers, I
for certain pulaationa of the heart, analogontto
palpitations. Sauvages understood by Carii' ,
ogmus an aneurism of the heart or great ves-
sels, when still obscure. Also, Angina pectoris.
CABoio«Mira CoBois SiNisTBi, Angus pac-
toria.
GARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaoo'sis aeu Xa^
CAKDIOMTOLIPOSIS
151
CABLINA
Ufdm sen Mmlma^is tea JItoUif'tu Cordis,
(F.) BrnmoUUtn^nt du Caury from na^dm,
*Xb» faevV and /c^ilmM, <MiftnMs/ Softening
oi the hnrt, caused by inflammation of the
argauy or a consequence of some lesion of the
fimction of nutrition.
CARBIOMTOLIPOSIS, Steatons cordis.
CA&DIONCHI, see AneurUm.
CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris.
GABDIOPALMUS, Cardiotromus.
CARDIOPERICARBITIS, see Pericarditis.
CARDIORRHEU'MA, RhwmoHs'mus cor-
dis; from ««(^<i,<the heart,' and (u^y^de-
floxion, rheumatism.' Bheumatism of the
heart.
C ABBIORRHEXIS, Cardioeiasis, (Piorry,)
Ruptu'ra Cordis, (F.) Rupture du Caur^Tom
sM^A, <the heart,' mad mitt, < Ulceration.' La-
cecmtioo of the heart.
CABDJOSCLiROaiE, (Piony) from jm^*
*»a, «the heart,' and irjri w«, « hard.' (F.) Sur
durdssemeni du Caur* Induration of the
heart.
CARDIOSTENO^IS, ftom*a^dtu, <the
heart,' and onrvrcf, 'contraction.' Contrac-
tioD of the openings of the heart.
CARDIOTRAU<MA, from jta^/ia, *the
heart,' and rQavfta, <a wound.' A wound of
the heart.
GARDIOT'ROMUSy Patpita'tio Cordis
irop'idmuj Cardio9al*mus, Trepida'tio Cordis,
from jrof/iff, <the heart,' and m^/ut, * tremor.'
Rapid and feeble palpitation, or fluttering of
the heart.
CARDIOTHOTUS, from so^ia, < the heart,
and Ttmmnm, * I wound.' One affected with a
woood of the heart.~Ga)en.
CAKDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis,
CARDITB, Carditis.
CARDITIS, from xa^ut, * the hearty' and
the termination iHs, Inflammation of the
fleshy substance of the heart. Emprss'ma Car^
di'tis, Jnjlammaftio Cordis, Injlaimma'tio Ciu^
di'tis, Cauma Carditis, Myoeardi'tisy CwrdC'
Hs MuseuLafris, InJU nm ma t iou du Caur, (F.)
Cardiio. The symptoms of this affection are
hy no means clear. They are often conibmided
with thooe of pericarditis, or inflammation of
the membrane investing the heart. Carditis,
indeed, with man]^, includes both the inflamma-
tion of the inresting membrane and that of the
heart itself. See Pericarditis, and Endocar-
ditis.
Caboitib Extbema, Pericarditis— c. Interna,
Endocarditis — c. MuBculari#, Carditis — c.
Membranosa, Pericarditis— c. Polyposa, Polypi
of the heart — c. Serosa, Pericarditis.
CARDO, Ginglymus.
CARDOPaTIUM, Garlina acanlis.
CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scotymns—
c. Benedicttts, Centaorea benedicta— c. Bxaxi-
lianos, Bromelia ananas— c. Domesticus capite
msjori, Cynara scolymns — c. Hemorrhoidalis,
Cirshim aryense.
CAA'DUirs MAUA'iniB, Caf^duus M^rim,aHf'
Whum, Car*duus la^tius, Spina alha. Common
MUi TkistU', or Ladios* ThistU, (F.) Chardon-
Moris, The herb is a bitter tonic. The seeds
ase oleaginous. It is not used.
CAanuus Piubds, Atractylis gmnmifera-— c.
flstiTBs, Cirthamns tinctonus— c. Sativus non-
ipbosQSy Cynaia scolymn*— «• Solstitialis, Cen-
taurea calcitrapa— c. Stellatus, Centaurea calci-
trapa — c. Tomentosus, Onoporctiumacanthium.
CAREBARESIS, Carebaria.
CAREBA'RIA or CAREBARI'A, Car#*ar«'-
sis, from xoQn, « the head,' and ^aQo^, 'weight.'
Soordint^ma, Csrehe^ria, SeordirU/mus, Car-
dine* ma* Heaviness of theiiead— Hippocrates.
Galen.
CARE'NA, Kare'na. The twenty-fourth
part of a drop. — ^Ruland and Johnson.
CAREUM, Carum.
^ CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Germa-
nica.
C ARI ACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne,
and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and
sugar fermented.
CARICA, Ficus carica.
Ca&'ica Papaya, Pa/MMff trss,(¥.)Papaysr,
Ord» Artocarpee. A native of America, India,
and Africa. The fruit has somewhat of the
flavour of the pumpkin, and is eaten like it.
The milky juice cf the plant, and the seed and
root have been regarded as anthelmintic.
CARICUM;— said to have been named after
its inventor Caricus. Car'yeum, A detergent
application to ulcers; composed of black helle-
bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpi-
ment, cantharides, and oil of cedar. — Hippocr.
CARIE, Caries— 0. dss Dsnts, Dental gan-
grene.
CARIt, Carious.
CAiaES, Nigri'tiss Os'sium, An vlesro'
tion of hone,— Necrosis being death of a bone.
It resembles the gangrene of soft parts.
Hence it has been termed Caries gangntno'sa,
Qangrmfna Ca'ries, G, Os'sium, Tete'do, Ar-
ro'sio. Euros, (F.) Carie. It is recognised
by the swelling of the bone which precedes
and accompanies it ; by the abscesses it occa-
sions; the fistuls wmch form; by the sa-
nious character, peculiar odour and quantity of
the suppuration, and by the evidence afforded
bj probing. The most common causes of ca-
nes are bfows; — ^the action of some virus, and
morbid diathesis. When dependent on any
virus in the system, tkis must be combated by
appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it
must be converted, where practicable, into a
state of necrosis or death of the affected part.
For this end stimulants are applied, the actual
cautery. Sec.
C ABIES Dbhtium, Dental gangrene— «. Pu-
dendorum, see Chancre— c. of the Yertebrs,
Vertebral disease — c. Yertebrarum, Tertebral
CARIEUX, Carious.
CARIM GURINI, Justitia ecbolinm.
CARINA, 'a ship's keel.' the vertebral
column, especially of the foetus. Also, the
breast bone bent inwards. Hence, Pectus m-
rina*tum: — the chest aflfocted with such de-
formity.
CAiaOUS, Cario'sus, Euro'des, (F.) CaHi,
Carieux. Affected with caries.
CARIUM TERR^, Calx.
CARIVE, Myrtns pimenta.
CARIYILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
CARLINA, <Carline Thistle.'
Cabu'ra Acaul'js, Chammfleon Mum, Car*
dopa'tium, (F.) Carline sans tige, which grows
in the Pyrenees, and on the mountains of Swit-
zerland, Italy, &c., has been recommended as a
tonic, emmenagogue, and sudorific.
CARLXNS SANS TIQB
W
CABOUDS
CARUNE SANS TI&B, Otelina aenlk.
CARLO SANCTO RADIX. <St. Charles's
Root :' fonnd in Mechoachan, in America. The
bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is con-
sidered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the
gams and stomach.
CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 34 miles from
Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water
contains about 47 parts in the 100 of purging
salts. It is a thermal saline ; temperature 121^
to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents are —
carbonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of
soda, and chloride of sodium.
CARMANTINEy Justitia pectoralis— c.
P^etoralBy Justitia pectoralis.
CARMEN, < a verie,' because charms usually
consisted of a verse. A charm (q. ▼.:) an
amulet.
CARMINANTIA, Carminatives.
CARMINATIVA, Carminatives.
CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminmn'tia seu Cmr-
mtnati^vOf from emrmen, * a verss,* ox * charm,'
AntipkyMHoa^ JPhftago'ga^ Xan'Hea, (F.) Car^
minatifs. Remedies winch allay pain, and
cause Uie expulsion of flatus from the alimen-
tary canal. They are generally of the class of
aromatics.
The FoubOrbatbr CAamii ativb Hot Sbsds,
were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel.
The FouK Lnsxn Cabkuiativb Hot Sbbim,
Quat'uor 9§m'ina eal'ida mino'ray were bishop's
weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot.
CARMOT. A name given, by the alchy-
mists, to the matter which they believed to
constitute the Philosopher's stone.
CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed.
CARNA6ADIXJM, Cuminum cyminum.
CARNATIO, Syssarcosis.
CARNATION, Dianthus caryophyllus.
CARNELIAN, Cornelian.
CARNEOLUS, Cornelian.
CAR^EOV^Car'ft«us,Camo'su9^are(/des,
Ineama*tusj from cAro, < flesh.' <F*) Ckamu,
Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh.
Cabmbous Columhs, Fluhy Columns, Co-
lumfnm Camsm of the heart, (F.) Colonnes
ekamuss, are muscular projections, situate in
the cavities of the heart* Tney are called, also,
Mus'euli PapiUafrei,
Cabnbous FiBBESy FUskf Fibres, Mus'enlar
Fihrt*, (F.) Fibres ehamust ou museulaires,
are fibres belonging to a muscle.
C ARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan-
terianus.
CARNIC^LA. Diminutive of C(ifv,< flesh.'
The gum, — Gingiva, (q. v.)— Fallopius.
CARNIFICATIO, Caniiflcctioii— c Pulmo-
Bum, Hepatisation of the lungs.
CARNIFICA'TION,Carm;lc«'rw,from««r©,
* flesh,' and Jieri, * to become.' Transformatum
ituo JUth. A morbid state of certain organs,
in which the tissue acquires a consistence like
that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is some-
times observed in hard parts, the texture be-
coming softened, as in Otteo-eareoma. >¥hen
it occurs in the lungs, they present a texture
like that of liver. Such is the condition of the
foetal lung.
CARNIPOR'MIS ABSCES^US. An ab-
•cess, which ordinarily occurs in the neighbour-
hood of the artieulationsy and whose orifice is
hard, the sides thick and calloosw — M. A. 8e-
verinus.
CARNIVOROUS, Camiv'orus, Sareopk'"
ague, Creatopk^agus, Creopk'agus, (F.) Carm»
vore, from earo, * flesh,' and v9roy *■ I eat.' That
which eats flesh. Any substance which de-
stroys excrescences in wounds, oleers, &c.
CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus camoeus.
CARN06ITA8, Camoi'ity, (F.) Camositi,
from saro, * flesh.' A fleshy excrescence.
CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URETHRA,
Carbuncles in tks Ure'thra, (F.) Cmm^ntis
ou Caroneules de Vurhre. Small fleshy ex-
crescences or fungous growths, ^vHiich were, at
one time, presumed to exist in the male ure-
thra, whenever retention of urine followed go-
norrhoea.
M. CnllMer uses tine term Cmmostti «Am-
rienns for a cutaneous, cellular, and noembri-
nons tumour, dependent upon the syphilitie vi-
rus. See, also, Polyaareia.
CARNOSUS, Cameous.
CARO, Flesh — c. Accessoria, see Floor
longus digitorum pedis profrmdus perforans,
(accessorius)— c. Excrescens, Excrescence— «.
Fungosa, Fungoaity— c. Glandulosa, Epiglottie
gland-— c. Luxurians, Fungoeity — c. Orbicula-
ris, Placentar— c. Parenchymatica, Parenchyma
— c. Quadrata, Palmaris brevis— c. Qoadratns
Sylvii, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis pro-
fundus perforans, (accessorius)— c. Viacenim,
Parenchyma.
CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua.
CAROBA ALNABATI,CeratoniumsUiqui.
CARODES, Carotic.
CAROLI, see Chancre.
CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. In the counties of Warren, Moot-
gomery, Rockingham, Lincoln, Bnncomb and
Rowan, there are mineral springs. They be-
long generally to the sulphureous or aciduloOi
saline.
CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. They are numerous. PacoleC
Spring on the west bank of Pacolet River,
contam sulphur and iron. Many, with similar
properties, out not held in estimation, are scat-
tered about the state.
CARONCXJLE, Caruncle— «• Laekrfmals,
Caruncle.
CARONCUtES MYRTIPORMES, Ca-
runcula myrtiformes — e. ile VlTrhre, Camosi-
ties of the urethra.
CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum.
CAROSIS, Somnolency.
CAROTA, see Dancns carota.
CAROTIC, (ARTERIES,) Carotids.
CAROTIC A, Narcotics.
CAROT'ICUS, Caro'des, Com^aiose, from
MsiQof, < stupor.' (F.) CaroHque^ Relating to
stupor or earns — as a sortie siate, &c.
CAROTIDS, CaroVidss, CatotHetB^Oasyftidsm,
CapMlss, Jngula'res, Soport^lss, Sopore^rist,
Soporiferm, Sommferm, Apoplet'Hcss, Lsthar'-
gisse Arts*rit^t\^ Carot'id Ar'isrisSf Cepkal'-
ie Ar'teries, (F.) Arthres Cenrstidss; from vo^,
Quat*Mor sem'ina sai'ida majo're^sarwUnatC voy
* stupor.' The great arteries of the neck, which
carry blood to ue head. They are divided into,
1 . Primitive or eomms n ; the left of which arises
frtmi the aorta, and the right from a trunk, con-
to it and the subclavian. S. EM^rmai or
CASOTTS
153
CARTILAGE
ptricepkai'ie, a bnnch of the primitive, which
extends from the last to the neck of the con-
dyle of the lower jaw; and, 3. Int&mai, Art^^
ria cer«hra*lis vel encepkal'teoy another branch
of the primitive, which, arising at the same
place aa the external, eotera the cranium, and
terminates on a level with the fissure of Sylvius,
dividing into several branches.
Carotid Canal, Cana'Us Carofictu^ Cemal
injU^x d* Vo» t0mporeti~-{Ch,) Canal caroto-
ditn^ is a caoal in the temporal bone, through
which the carotid artery and several nervous
filaments pass.
CAKorm FoBAMXRA, Poramima Carot^ieay
(F.) Trou* earotidieni, are distinguished into
intental and etUemaln They are the fonmina
at each extremity of the CanaUs Caroticu:
CAROTfE, Daucus carota.
CAROUA, Carum, (seed.)
CAROUBIER, Ceratoniuffi sili^oa.
CAROUGEy see Ceratonium siliqua.
CARPASA, Carbasa.
CARPA'SIUM, Car'patwmyViA Carp^'Httmu
Dioscorides, Pliay, Galen, &c., have given
these names, and that of Carpasos, to a plant,
which cannot now be determined, and whose
juice, called Opocar*pason^ 9no%*QWa^»rf passed
Sot a violent, narcotic poison, and was con-
6>unded with myrrh.
CARPATHICUM, see Pinus cembnu
CARFE, Carpas.
CARPENTARIA, AchiUea millelblinffi.
CARPESIUM, Carpasium.
CARPH(yD£S, Carpk»id4s, from na^^of,
^Jlocculusy* and •</•?, ' resemblance.' Flocco-
lent, stringy; — as muetcs earpkaUs, flocculent
or stringy moeos.
CARPHOLOG'IA, Tilmut, CarpoUg^ia,
Crocidis'mugj Croeydis'mnsy Flocco'ntm eena'-
lie, FToreile'giumy Trichclog^iet, Crotidiafisy
from x«e9>«r, *JUKfculusy^ and Jc»y», * I collect,'
or 'phicV* (F.) Carphologie, Action of ga-
thering floccnli. A delirious picking of Uie
bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to
pull the flocculi from them. It denotes great
cerebral irritability and debility, and is an unfa-
vourable sign in fevers, &c.
CARPHOS, Trigonclla foenum.
CARPIA, Linteum.
CARPI^US, Palmaris brevis. »
CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'nusf Cmr^a*-
Us, (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus.
Cardial Lio'ambwts, (F.) LigamentB Car-
piensy are, 1 . The fibrous ftscie, which unite
the bones of the carpus ; and, 2. The annular
ligamentB, anterior and posterior, (q. v.)
CARPIAN, Carpial.
CAJRFIENy Carpial.
CARPISMUS, Carpus.
CARPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobal-
CARPOL06TA, Carphologia^-<. Spasttodi-
ca, Snbsultus tendinum.
CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI-
TI, Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti--«. Mi^
taemrpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti
— c. Mitaearpien du pouett, Opponens pollicis
— c. Phalangeus minimi digiti. Abductor minimi
figiti — e. Fhalangien du petit \icigt. Abductor
aunimi digiti — e. Pkalangien du petit doigty
Flexor parvus minimi digiti—*. Phalangien du
pniM, Flexor brevis pollicis manus — e. Sus'^
jkalamgUH du pouce^ Abductor pollicis brevis.
11
CARPO-PEDAL, from earpM, < the wrist,'
and pes, psdis, <the foot.' Relating to the
wrist aikl foot.
Ca&po-pkdal Spasm, Csr*ehral spasmod'ic
eroup, A spasmodic affection of the chest and
larynx in young children, accompanied by ge>
neral or partial convulsions. The disease com^
monly occurs between the third and ninth
nwnth, and is characterized by excessive dys-
pncea, accompanied by a loud croupy noise on
inspiration; the thumbs being locked, and the
hands and feet rigidly bent for a longer or
shorter period. The seat of the disease is evi-
dently in the eerebro-spinal axis, primarily or
secondarily: generally, perhaps, it is owing to
erethism seated elsewhere, but communicated to
the eerebro-spinal centre, and reflected to the
respiratory and other muscles concerned. It
seems to he connected with dental irritation,
and consequently, in the treatment, where such
is the case, the gums should be freely divided;
after which, cathartics and revulsives, with the
use of narcotics and appropriate diet, will ge-
nerally remove the affection; for although ex-
tremely alarming, it is often not attmded with
great danger. See Asthma thymioum.
CARPOS, Fruit.
CARPOT'ICA, from x^^nw, < fruit.' Pis-
eases affecting impregnation. Irregularity,
difficulty or danger produced by parturition*. —
the 3d order, clus Gtnstica, of Good.
CABFTJSyCarpis'muSyBraehiafle, Rasee'ta,
Raste*ta, Raaehm, Rass^tn, Raset'ta, the wrist,
(F.) Corps, Poignet, The part between the
fore-arm and hand. Eight bones compose it,
(in two rows.) In the superior row there are,
from without to within— tSie Scaphoides or t/a-
vieula'ri, Luna'ri or semiluna'ri, Cnnsifor*m9,
and Orbieula'ri or pisifo/mi. In the lower
row — TYape'zifimy Trapezoldet, Magnum, and
TJntif&r'mM,
CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
CARRB. DE LA CUTSSE, Quadratus fo-
nioris — e, des Lombes, Quadratics lumbonun —
€. du Mento7tf Depressor labii inferioris — e. du
Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
CARRE AU, Tabes mesenterica.
CJiRR&E, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis
profundus perforans, (acceslorins.)
C.iRRELET, (F.) Acus triangvla'ns, A
straight needle, two or three inches long, the
point of which is triangular; and which the
ancients used in different operations. Also, a
wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth
through which different pharmaceutical prepa-
rations are passed.
CARROT, CANDT, Athamanta cretensis —
c. Deadly, Thapsia — c. Plant, Daucus carota.
CAR'TtfAMUS TINCTO'RIUS, Am'yron,
Cnieus, Crocus German'ieus, Croeus Saraeen''
uius, Car'thamtim ojieinafrum, Car'duus sati'"
vus, Safra'nufn, Saffron-flower, Saffiower,BaS'
tard Saffron, Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthame,
Safran b&tard, Carthame des Teintnriers. Pa-
miif, Cynarocephalee. Sees. Sfst, Syngene-
sis Polygamia squalis. The seeds are aroma^c,
cathartic, and diuretic; yet to the parroquet
they are an article of food, hence theii* name,
Graines de Perroquet, The flowers, Ctt^tha-
mus, (Ph. tJ. S.) are employed as a cosmetic,
and are a reputed diaphoretic.[r]
CARTHEGON, see Buxus.
CAR'TILAGE, ChondroSf Car'tiiagQ, (F.)
CARTILAGE ANONTUE
154
CASE
Cartilage, A solid part of the animal bodT> of
a medium consistence between bone and liga-
ment, and which in the foetus is a substitute for
bone, but in the adult exists only in the joints,
at the extremities of the ribs, &c. Cartilages
are of a whitish colour, flexible, compressible,
and ver^ elastic, and some of them apparently
inorganic. They are composed, according to
J. Davy, of .44 albumen, .55 water, and .01
phosphate of lime.
CARTILAGE ANONYME, Cricoid, (car-
tilage>--c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis — e. Muerane,
Xii^oid Cartilage— c. Supra-arytenoid, Comi-
culum lar]mgi8 — c. Tarsal, see Tarsus.
Cartilaoxs, Articular, Ohdu'e^nt Car*"
Hlitgesf invest bony surfaces, which are in con*
tact ; hence they are called invsstimg or tn-
erusting cartilages y (F.) Cartilages ds rsvhs"
ment ou d'sturoi/temsnt,
Cartilaces, Imtxrarticular, are such as
are situate within the joints, as in the knee joint.
Cartilages of Ossifica'tion are such as, in
the progress of ossification, have to form an in-
tegrant part of bones; as those of the long
bones in the new-born infant. These are termed
temporary; the others being perman&nt. All
the cartilages, with the exception of the articu*
lar, are surrounded by a membrane analogous
to the periosteum, called Periehon'drium.
Cartilaobs of the Ribs are, in some, re-
spects, only prolongations of the ribs. Those
of the nose, of the meatus auditorius, and Eu-
stachian tube, present a similar arrangement.
Other cartilages resemble a union of fibrous
and cartilaginous textures; hence their name
Fibr<HcartUagss»
Cartilages, Semilunar, see Semilunar — c.
Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages.
CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte-
noid cartilages— c. Semilunares, Semilunar car-
tilages— c. Sigmoidese, Semilunar cartilages.
Cartilaoinis AeyIxnoidaje Cafitulum,
Comiculum laryngis.
CARTILAGINOUS, Cartilagin'sus, Car-
tilagino*suSyChondro*deSy CkondroVdss^ (F.)
CartUaginsux, Belonging to, or resembling
cartilage.
Cartilaoikous, Tissins, see Tissue.
CARTILAGO, Cartilage— c. Clypcalis,
Thyroid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid car-
tilage— c. Guttalis, Arytenoid cartilage— c. In-
nominata, Cricoid---c. Mucronata, Xiphoid car-
tilage^— c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid
cartilage — c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartilage —
c. Uvifer, Uvula— «. Xiphoides, Xiphoid carti-
lage.
CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia.
CaVmrM, Carvm Car*uly Carvi, CttnUfniim
pratsn'se, CaruSf Car'wmj the Car'away^ (F.)
Carviy Cumin dss prds. Family, Umbellife-
rae. 8sx, Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The
needs, Camaha'dioy Car'onay are carminative.
Dose, gr. x. to 5ij, swallowed whole or bruised.
The oil, Olsitm Car'uiy <F.) HuiU ds earvi,
has the properties of the seeds. Dose, gu. ij
to vj-
CAR^UNCLE, Carun'culay diminutive of
rsro, 'flesh.' A small portion of flesh, ;S0r^-
ciotty Sareid'ium. A fleshy excrescence, — Ec-
pky^maeamn^flttiayiF.) Caroncule.
Caruncle, Camositat.
Caruncles in the Urethra, Camosities.
Carun'cula Lachrtka'lis, (F.) CaroncuU
laerymaU, A small, reddish, follicular body,
situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes
a gummy substance.
CARUNCULiE CUTICULARES,
Nympha.
1/ARVNOULjc Mamilla'reb. The extremities
of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The ol-
factory nerves (q. v.) have been so called by
some.
Carunculs Mtrtifor'mes, C. Vagina'Us,
Glan^dtUa myrtifor'mesy (F.) Caroneules wtfr-
tiformss. Small, reddish tubercles, more or
less firm, of variable form, and uncertain nun-
her, situate near the orifice of the vagina, and
formed by the mucous membrane. I'hey are
regarded as the remains of the h^tnen,
Carunculs Papillarbs, Papills of the kid-
ney.
CARUN'CULOUS. Relating to caronclet
or camosities. Carwt'eular.
CARUON, Carum.
CARUS, »a{of. Sopor earo'tieusy Profound
sleep. The last degree of coma, with eompletr
insensibility, which no stimulus can remove,
even for a few instants. Sopor, Coma, Letkar-
giay and Cams, are four degrees of the same
condition.
Carus Apoflxxia, Apoplexy— c. Asphyxia,
Asphyxia— c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy — c. Ecsta-
sis, Ecstasis— c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus
intemus— c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil^-t.
Lethargus, Lethargy — c. Lethargus catapbora.
Somnolency — c. Lethargus vigil, C*oiiia vigil—
c. Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paralysis pBraplegia,
Paraplegia — c. Vetemus, Lethargy.
CARVI, Carum.
CARTA, Jnglans regia— «• Basilica, Juglans
regia.
CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fractore.
CARYOCOSTINUM^Confectio scammonir.
CARYOCOST'INUS. An electuarv pre-
pared of the costns and other aromatic sub-
stances, &c. It was cathartic.
CARYON PONTICON, Corylus avellam
(nut.)
CARYOPHYLLA, Qeum nrbanum.
CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthas i
caryophyllns.
CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see
Myrtus pimentar— e. Aromaticus, Eugenia ca- '
ryophyllatar— c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyl-
lus — c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum.
C ARYO'TI. The best kind of dates Galer.
CAS RARE8y(¥.)y Rare eaites. This term
is used, by the French, for pathologic^ facts,
which vary from what is usual. See a cele-
brated article under this head in the JHetton-
noire des Seienees Midiealesy Vol. IV.
CASAMUM, Cyclamen.
CASAMUNAR, C'assumuniar.
CAS'CARA,CASCARIL'LA. Spanish word*
which^ignify karJk and little bark, under which
appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in
Peru. They are now applied to the bark of
Croton eascarilla. The bark gatherers are
called CasearUUros,
CASCARILLA, Croton casearilla.
CASCHEU, Catechu.
CASE, Ca^MOy Tkeeoy (F.) Caisse, This
name is given to boxes for the preservation of
instruments ; or for medicines necessary in boa-
pital or other service. We say, e. gi — A ease
of amptttatingy or of tfspasining instt
CASEAEIUS
155
CASTOR BAY
Cask, Casm*^ from catUr^y casum, ^to fall.'
The condition of a patient; — as a eass offw^r,
&c. {¥*) Observation. AlflOy the history of a
disease.
CASEARIUS, Cheesy.
CA'SEIN, Casnns, Ca'seumy Galat/tiniy
Caseous matter; from easeus, 'cheese.' The
only nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is
identical in composition with the chief consti-
tuents of blood — fibrin and albumen, all being
compounds of protein. A similar principle ex-
ists in the vegetable. Vegetable Casein or Le-
gu'min. It is chiefl^jT found in leguminous seeds
— ^peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albu-
men. Casein is soluble in water; and the solu-
tion is not coagulable by heat.
Casein, Blood, Globulin.
CASEOSUS, Cheesy.
CASEO0S MATTER, Casein.
CASEUM, Casein.
CASEUS, Cheese— c. Equinos, Hippace.
CASEUXy Cheesy.
CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale.
CASfiOO. An aromatic drug of Hindusthan,
said to possess pectoral virtues.
CASHOW, Catechu.
CASIA, Lauras cassia.
CASMINA, Cassumuniar.
CASSA, Thorax.
CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot.
CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot.
CASSE AROMATIQUEy Laums cassia^
c. en BdionSf Cassia fistula — e. en BoiSy Lau-
ms cassift — e. des Boutiquesy Cassia fistula — «.
Siniy Cassia senna.
CASSE'LUNETTESy Cyannssegetum, Eu-
phrasia officinalis.
CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria.
CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria.
CASSIA, Laums cassisr— c. Absus, Absus —
c. Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia — c. Caryophyl-
lata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella, Laums
wmsia c. Egyptian, Cassia senna.
Cas'^sia Fis'TULA, Cas^sia nigray Cassia Jis-
tula^riSy C. AUxandri'nay Cannay Canna so'
IntCvay Canna Jistulay Cathartoear'pusy Pur-
suing Cassiay (F.) Casse Canefidery Casse en
hitonsy Casse dee Boutiqves. The pulp of
Cassia Fis'tvla or Cathartoear^pus Fistula;
Pom. Leguminosae ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo-
QOgynia, Pulpa Cas'siay Cassice Aramen'tumy
Cassiet Fistulas Pulpay (Ph. U. S.), which is
obtained in long pods, is black, bright, and
!*hining ; sweet, slightly acid, and inodorous. It
i« laxative in the dose of ;;iv. to ij.
Cassia Lionba, Laurus cassiar— c. Lignea
Ualabarica, Laurus cassia.
Cassia Marilan'oica, Senna Americe^nay
Ameriean Senna, Wild Senna, Locust planty
(F.) Send d^Amcrique. The leaves of this
plant are similar, in virtue, to the cassia senna.
They, are, however, much inferior in strength.
Cassia, Pukgiho, Cassia fistula.
Cassia Senna. The name of the plant which
aifiwds senna. It is yielded, however, by seve-
ral species of the genus cassia. The leaves of
tcona, Sennee Folia, Senna Alexandri'nay Sen-
na Ital'ieay Senay Senna or JEgyptian Cassia,
( F.) Siniy Casse S4ni, have a faint smell, and
^Jttterish taste. Tbe active part, by some call-
ed Cathartinsy is extracted by alcohol and wa-
ter. Their activity is injured by boiling wa-
^r. They are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt
to gripe. Bose of the powder, g j. to ^. In-
fusion is tbe best form.
The varieties of senna, in commerce, are
Tinnivelly Sennay Bomba/f/ or Common India
Senna, Alexandrian SennayTripoli SennayWoA
Aleppo Senna,
C ASSL£ ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula
— c. Fistuls pulpa, see Cassia fistula^-c.
Flores, see Laurus cinnamomum.
CASSIALA, Hyssopus.
CASSIDE BLEUEy Scutellaria galericu-
late.
CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria.
CASSINE, EVERGREEN, Ilex vomitoria.
CASSIS, Ribes nigrum.
CASSITEROS, Tin.
CASSUMU NIAR, Casamu'nary Zenmbei,
CasminayRisagony Ben'gall Indo'rumy Bengal
Rooty (F.) Racine de Bengale. A root, ob-
tained from the East Indies, in irregular slices
of various forms ; some cut transversely, others
longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is
consequently tonic and stimulant. It was once
considered a panacea, and has been referred to
Zingiber Cassumuniar , and to Zingiber Zeruwk-
bet.
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium
occidentale.
CAST, Caste.
CASTANEA, Fagus castanea, see also Fa-
gus castanea pumila— c. Equina, iBsculus Hip-
pocastanum — c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumlia.
CASTE, Casty from (P.) Casta, <raca
or lineage.' A name given, by the Poito-
guese in India, to classes of society, divided ac-
cording to occupations, and which have re-
mained distinct from the earliest times. Hence
a separate and fixed order or class. See Half-
caste.
CASTELLAMAREDI STABIA, WATERS
OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Na-
ples, in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. £.
of Naples. There are two springs, the out
sulphureous, the other chalybeate.
CASTELLETTO ADONO, WATERS OF.
These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, ate
sulphureous.
CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF. Ca».
tera-Vivent is a small village in the departmant
of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly-
beate, and another which is sulphureous and'
thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit.
CASTIOANS, i'orrigent.
<;ASTIGLI0'NIA LOBATA, Pi^onsUU
tree. A tree, which is cultivated insomepartsof
Pern, and grows wild in abundance. Its bei
tiful fruit, when roasted, has an agreeable I
vour. When an incision is made into the i
a clear bright liquid flows out, which, after
some time, becomes black and horny-like. It
is a very powerful caustic.
CASTJOE, ( atechu.
CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A sul-
phureous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, cele-
brated for the cure of cutaneous and other dis-
CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glaoca.
Castor Fibkr, Fiber y Cams Pon'tiens, TW
Beaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Caitor.
Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin
in gout. Its blood, wine, bile, and iat, ware
formerly used in medicine.
Castor Oil PianT, Ricinus communis.
CASTOREUM
IM
CATAMEKIA
CASTO'REITM, Casto^riwi^ CAHor, Caato-
renmRos'sieiimet Canathn'sifaomita^rTmay <the
beaver,* quasi yirT^j, from y«rtiiy * the belly,'
be^Qseof the size of its belly; or it eastrando.
A peculiar matter found in ba^, near the rec-
tum of the beaver. Castor fiber. Its odotur is
strong, nnpleatent, and peculiar ; taste bitter,
subacrid ; and colour orange brown. It is an-
tispasmodic, and often employed. Dose, gr. z.
to^j.
CASTORINA, from Castoreum, 'castor.'
Medicines containing castor.
CASTRAN6ULA, Scrophularia aquatiea.
CA8TRAT, Castratns.
CASTRA'TION, Castra*tto, Bc'ttmi, Ee-
tom'iay Evira'tioy Exeattraftioy Ettstieula'tioy
ExHrpa'tio tesHeulo'rum, DeUsta'tio, Exsee'tio
virilium^ Eunuchia^mus^ Orehotom'ia^ Oreks-
ot^om^, Orehidot'tmyy (F.) Chdtrure. The
operation of removing the testicles. Some-
tmies the term is employed for the operation
when performed on one testicle , hence the di-
vision into complete and incomplete castration.
Castration renders the individual incapable of
reproduction.
CAS TRA TOy Castratus.
CASTRATUS, (I.) Castrm'tOy Ectom'iusy
Emaecula'tue, EviraftuSy Exeee^tusy Desee^tue,
Exteaticula^tuSy InteHah'tlisy Inteeta'tusy Spa-
doy Apoc'opu9y Bago'aSy from caetrare, * to cas-
trate.' One deprived of testicles. {F.) Cnstraty
Ckdtri, This privation has a great influence
on the development of puberty. It is adopted
to procure a clearer and sharper voice ; and in
the East, the guardians of the Harem, for the
sake of security, are converted into' Caetra'ti
or Eu'nueksy tur«v/0j. Eunuchs have gene-
rally both testes and penis removed.
CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom— c. Palpebne
superioris, Blepharoptosis-^c. Uvulae, Staphy loe-
dema.
CAT A, KfltT*, * downwards ;* * after,' applied
to time : at times, it gives additional force to the
radical word. A common prefix, as in —
CATAFASIS, from x*Ttf|»ai»«, « I descend.'
An expulsion of humours downwards. Also,
a descent,-l>e«00»'jiw, Descen'sioy as of the tes-
ticles, Descen'sus tesHetUo'rvm.
CATABLE^MA, xxra^^xi;^, (x^ra and jfa^-
iicv,) * any thing let fall, as a curtain,' EpihW-
ma, Perible'ma. The outermost bandage which
secures the rest.
CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA, from k*t*jJw.
^^/K9c, < submersion,' and ueaiay * mania.' In-
sanity, with a propensity to suicide by drown-
CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification.
CATACAUMA,Bum.
CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human— c.
Ebriosa, Combustion, human.
CATACERAS'TICUS, from %*T*xt^a^^u,iiy
*I temper,' *I correct.* The same as Epice^
raetieus, A medicine capable oi blunting the
acrimony of humours.
CATACHASMOS, Scarification.
CATACHRISIS, Inunction.
CATACHRISTON, Liniment.
' CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sioy Perfu'sioy from
xaLS»x'^9 ' I po^u* Upon.' Affusion with cold
water. — Hippocrates. Decantation, (q. v.)
CAT ACLASIS, from Koraxlatwy * I break
to pieces.' Cam'pylum, Campylo'tis* Distor-
tioD, or spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; spaa-
modie oeeliiaioa of the ^fida \ Alio, fraetve
of a bone^— Hippocrates, vogel.
CATACLEIS'; from jrar«, ' beneath,' and
KAffff, ' the clavicle.' This term has beea ap-
plied to many parts, as to the first rib, the acro-
mion, the joining of the sternum with tlK
ribsy &e.
CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. Moi1)id
union of the eyelids.
CATACLYS'MUS,C«*«j/y/i»tf,CaftfWym,
from tt^ranlvtuYy < to submerge, inundate/ A
Clyster. Hippocr. Others mean, by the term,
a shower-bath, or copious affusion of water;
Caieeone'sis, Ablution, (q. v.) Douche^ (q. ▼.)
CATiGONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysfflu.
CATAGAUNA, Cambogia.
CATAGMA, Fracture — c. Fissura, Fisrore,
see Contrafissura — c. Fractura, Fracture.
CATAGMATICS, CatagmatHca rem'die,
from Kctrmy/iay * fracture.' Remedies supposed
to be capable of occasitming the formatios of
callus.
CATAGOGLOS"SUM, from xaraytr, «to
draw down,' and yXwroAy 'the tongue.' An
instrument for pressing down the tongue. See
Glossocatochus
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA, Phannacocatagn-
phologia.
CATALENTI A. Epilepsy, (q. v.) or some
disease resembling it. — ^Paracelsus.
CATALEPSIA SPURIA, EcsUsis.
C AT'ALEPSY, CatalejtsiayCatalejfsisyCai''
oekBf Catfochusy Cafochi Gaie^ni, Morbus at-
ton*itus Celsiy Hyste'ria eateUep*ticay CongtU-
tioy Deten'tioy Enoatalep'sisy Apkonia^iJSai^
pocr.,) ^ntfttVftf— (Antlgenes,) Apprehen'aioy
Contemplaftio, Stupor vig'UanSy Prekm'tio,
Cams CcUalej/siay Oppre/sioy Comprehevfsio
— (Gael. Aurelian.) Compren'eioyApoplez'ia Co-
talep'siay from Korraxa/tt (fa^my *1 seize hold
of.' Trance (T) (F.) Catalepsie. A disease in
which there is sudden suspension of the action
of the senses and of volition ; the limbs and
trunk preserving the different positions giveo
to them. It is a rare affection, but is seen, at
times, as a form of hysteria. Some of the
Greek writers have used the word in its tros
acceptation of a seizurcy surprise, &c.
CATALEPTIC, Catalep'tictiSy same ety-
mon. Relating to catalepsy. Aflfected with
catalepsy.
Meth'odus Catalep^tica. The adtninistration
of external agents when internal agents are in-
applicable.
CATALOT'IC, Catnlotrie7isyrtom Jtoraw**',
< to break or grind down.' A remedy which
removes unseemly cicatrices.
CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'reoy Bigno'nia Catal-
pay Catatpa Cordi/o'lia, C. Arbores'eens, Co-
taw'ba tree. The decoction of the ]>ods of the
Catalpa, an American tree, of the Nta, Fam-
Bignoniaces, Didynamia Angiospermia, has
been recommended in chronic nervous asthma.
CATALTSIS, Paralysis, (q. v.) from nM.w,
and Xvuty ' I dissolve or decompose.' The aetion
of presence in producing decomposition; as
when a body which possesses what has been
termed catalytic force resolves other bodies into
new compounds by mere contact or presence,
without itself experiencing any modification.
CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis.
CATAMENIA, Menses— c. Alba, Leocor-
rhcea.
CATAHENIORUM FLUXUS
157
CATABACT
CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMOPI-
CI7S, Menorrhagia.
CATANANCE, Cichorinm intybus.
CATANGELOS, Ruscus.
CATANTLE'MA, QatatuU^sis, from jtot*,
'upon,' and arriUai, <I pour/ Cateone'tis and
CaitBone'^s. Ablution with warm water. A
fomentatioo. — MoschioUy Marcellus Empiricus.
C AT APAS'M A, from ««t« rw^m, «I sprinkle.*
Catapa**ti*my Consper'M, Epipas'ton^ JPasma,
Stfnpas'ma^ Empas'ma, Diapas^ma, XerioHy
Asp^r'sio, EpUpas^tttmj FvJvis atp^rso'rius,
A compound medicinf , in the form of powder,
employed by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers,
absorb perspiration, &c. — Paulus of .^gina.
CATAPH'ORA, *a falV from xarafrte*, 'I
throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with
prlTation of feeling and voice. Somnolency,
(q. T.) According to o&ers, Cataphora is
simply a profound sleep, which it is difficult to
rouse from — ^in this sense being synonyitaous
with Sopor, (q. v.)
Cataphoka Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Hydro-
oephalica, see Apoplexy— c. Cymini, Theriaca
LwidiBeosis — c. Magnetica, Somnambulism,
magnetic.
CATAPHRACTA, Caiaphreu/tes, a Cw-
rtus, irom sarTa^p(Movtf, 'I fortify.' A name
giren by Galea to a bandage applied round the
thorax and shoulders. It was also called Quad'
CATAPIESIS, Depression.
CATAPINOSIS, Absorption.
CATAP'LASIS, from xaT^TixM'irw, ^to be-
smear.' The act of besmearing or overlaying
with plaster.
CATAPLASM, Cataptas'moy EpipUu'ma,
B^Qs, Poultice f Puhice^ from xamnhaoanivy
i*A<ra and War(rfi»,'to form or mould,') < to
besmear.' (F.) Cataplasms . A medicine to be
applied externally, under the form of a thick
pap. Cataplasms are formed of various ingre-
dients, and for different objects. They may be
anodfuey emollUnt, torUcy antig^pticy irritating^
&c. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of
its warmth and moisture. Meal, fatty sub-
stances, leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb
of bread, &c., are the most common bases.
The chief poultices which have been oflicinal
are the following :^ — Anodyne, — c. Cicuts, 'c.
Digitalis. Antiseptic — c. Carbonis, c. Dauci,
c. Fermenti, c. Acetoss, c. cumini. Emol-
lientf-^c. Lini, c. Panis, c. Mali maturi. Jr^
ritatingy — c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, c.
Quercus Marini. Tonic and Astringent y — c.
Alum, c. Goulard, c. Rosae.
The Parisian Codex has some other officinal
cataplasms. I. CcUapUts'maanod'ynttmytsaAe
of poppy and hyoscyamus. 9. Cataplas'ma
emaUiene, made of meal and pulps. 3. CatO"
pUu'ma ad euppuratio*nem promoven'damy of
palps and basiUcon. 4. Cataplas'ma rubefa*'
dens vel antipleurifieum, formed of pepper
and vinegar.
The only cataplasms, the preparation of
which it is important to describe, are the fol-
lowing:
Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum.
— c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti.
— c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci— c. Charcoal,
Cataplasma carbonis ligni.
CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C. Fermenti.
Cataplas'ma Caebo'iiis Lighi, Charcoal
Cataplasm or poultice. Made by adding pow-
dered ekareeal to a common cataplasm. Used
as an antiseptic to foul ulcers, &c.
Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or
poultice. Made by boiliAg the root of the Car-
rot until it is soft enough to form a poultice.
Used in fetid ulcers.
Cataplas'ma Fsculb Cbrevislb, see C.
Fermenti.
Catapuis'ma Fbamsnti, C efferves'cens,
Teast Cataplasm or Foultiecy (F.) Cataplaeme
de Levure. (Take of meal Ibj, yeast Ibss. Ex-
pose to a gentle heat.) It is antiseptic, and a
good application to bruises. A Cataplasm p/
Beer Grounds y Cataplasma Fes'eula Cerevie*i^,
C, Bynesy is used in the same cases.
Cataplas'ma Sima'pis, C Sina^peosy Sin'o-
pism. Mustard Cataplasm or Poulticsy (F.)
Cataplaeme de Moutard ou Sinapisms. {Mus-
tard and Linseed meal or meal Aft equal parts.
Warm vinegar or watery q. s.) A rubefacient
and stimulant applied to the soles of the feet in
coma, low typhus, &c., as well as to the pained
part in rheumatism, &c.
CATAPLEX'IS, Stvpory from jthtc, and
nXt^evny <I strike.' The act of striking with
amazement. Appearance of astonishment as
exhibited by the eyes in particular. See Ha»-
modia.
CATAPOSIS, Deglutition.
CATAPOTION, PUula.
C ATAPSYX'IS, from %Ata^t^vymy * I refrige-
rate.' Psripsyx'is. Considerable coldness of
the body, without rigor and horripilatio. — Ga-
len. Perfrietio. Coldness in the extreme
parts of the limbs. — Hippocrates.
CATAPTO'SIS, Deeidsn'tiay a fall. This
word, at times, expresses the fall of a patient,
attacked with epilepsy, (q. v.) or apoplexy^ at
others, the sudden resolution of a paralytic limb.
CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis.
C AT APUTI A, MINOR,Ettphorbia lathyris,
Ricinus communis.
CAT'ARACT, Catarae'ta, Catarrhae'tay
Suffu'sio Oc'uliy a. Lentis erystall'inay Pthar-
ma eatarae'tay Cali'go lentis y Gutta opa'ea, Hy-
poc'hymay Hypoc'hysisy Hypopk'ysisy Pkaeosec
to'may Parop'sis catarac'tay Glauco*ma Woul-
kou'siy/rom K9tTa#ar«'oiy (xata and ^aoofiir), <to
tumble down.' A deprivation of sight, which
comes on, as if a veil fell before the eves. Ca-
taract consists in opacity of the crystalline lens
or its capsule, which prevents the passage of
the rays of light, and precludes vision. The
causes are obscure. J)iagnosis^-^The patient
is blind, the pupil seems closed by an opake
body, of variable colour, but commonly whitish:
— ^the pupil contracting and dilating. Cataracts
have been divided, by some, into spurious and
genuine. The form^ry where the obstacle to
vision is between the capsule of the lens and
the uvea: the latter, where it is in the lens or
capsule. A lenticular cataract is where the
affection is seated in the lens; — a cttpsular or
membranous in the capsule. The capsular is
divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, pos-
teriory and complete capsular cataract. When
the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence
of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part
of it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has
been called Catarae'ta ar'ida sUiguo'sa. Ca-
tara^ta Morgagnia'na laetea vel purifor'mis,
is the milly variety, in which the crystalline
CATARACT
158
CATARRHAL
is tramformed into a liquid similar to milk,
(F.)Ctttaraetelait$ute; or, as generally defined,
in which there is opacity of the fluid situate be-
tween the lens and its capsule. The eap'ttUo'
Untie'ular affects both lens and capsule, and
Beer conceives the liquor Morgagni, in an al-
tered state, may contribute to it. Cataracts
are also called stony, (F.) {pierreuse,) milky or
ekeesy, {laiteuse o\i emsiuse, GeUctetoeatarae'ta,
Catarattta laetie^olor,) according to their den-
sity: — ^white, pearly, yellow, brown, gray,
green, black, (F.) blanche, perU$y jaune, hrune,
grite, verte, noire, according to their colour : —
Jixed or vacillatifig,^-e€Uarae*ta eapsulo^enti'
evia'rie Jixa vel trem'tUa, (¥.)Jixe ou branlante,
according as tbey are fixed or movable behind
the pupil. They are likewise called Catarae'-
tee marmoTcl da, feneetreita, etella'ta, puneta'*
tee, dimidia'tee, &c., according to the appear-
ances they present.
They may also be simple, or eomplieated with
adhesion, amaurosis, specks, &c.; and primary
or primitive, when opaJie before the operation;
— seeotidary, when the opacity is the result of
the operation. .
Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly in-
dividuals, although, not unfrequently, eongen'-
ital. It forms slowly; objects are at first seen
as through a mist; light bodies appear to fly
before the eyes, and it is not until after months
or years tbat the sight is wholly lost. No
means will obviate the evil except an operation,
which consists in removing the obstacle to the
passage of the light to the retina. Four chief
methods are employed for this purpose. 1.
Couching or Depression, Hyalonix'is, Hyalo"
nyx'is, (F.) Abedssement, Deplaeement de la
Cataracte, This consists in passing a cataract
needle through the sclerotica and subjacent
membranes, a little above the transverse dia-
meter of the eye; and at about two lines' dis-
tance from the circumference of the transparent
cornea, until the point arrives in the posterior
chamber of the eye. With this the crystalline
is depressed to the outer and lower part of the
globe of the eye, where it is left. S. By ah-
sorption^ — ^by the French termed broiement, or
bruising. This is performed in the same man-
ner as the former ; except that, instead of turn-
ing the crystalline from the axis of the visual
rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the
needle, and its fragments are scattered in the
humours of the eye, where they are absorbed.
3. By extraction, which consists in opening,
with a particular kind of knife, the transparent
cornea and the anterior portion of the capsule
of the crystalline; and causing the lens to issue
through the aperture. Each of the processes
has its advantages and disadvantages, and all
are used by surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a
cataract needle through the transparent cornea
and pupil to the crystalline, and depress or
cause its absorption. This is called Kerato-
nyxis, which see.
Cataract, Bi.ack, Amaurosis— c. Capsular,
see Cataract~c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cata-
ract>-c. Central, Centradiaphanes-^. Cheesy,
see Cataract— c. Congeniul, see Cataract— c.
Complicated, see Cataract--^. Fixed, see Cata-
ract— c. Grenuine, see Cataract — c. Lenticular,
see Cataract— k:. Membranous, see Cataract —
e. Milky, see Cataract — c. Opake, see Cataract
— c. Primary, see Cataract— c. Primitive, see
Cataract— «. Secondary, see Cataract— «. Sim-
ple, see Cataract — c. Spurious, see Cataract —
c. Stony, see Cataract— <;. Vacillating, aee Ca-
taract.
CATARACTA, Cataract— c. Arida sili-
quosa, see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis,
see Cataract— c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes —
c. Dimidiata, see Cataract — c. Fenestrata, see
Cataract — c. Glauca, Glaucoma— c.Lacticolor,
Cataract, milky— c. Liquida, Hygrocatamcta—
c. Marmoracea, see Cataract— c. Morgagniana,
see Cataract— c. Nigra, Amaurosis — c. Punc-
tata, see Cataract — c. Stellata, see Cataract.
CA TARACTE,ABAISSEMENT DELA,
see Cataract — e, Blanche, see Cataract — «.
Branlante, see Cataract — e.Bruns, see Cataract
— «. Casiuse, see Cataract — c, Deplaeement de
/a, see Cataract — c, F»ic«, see Cataract — c. Orise,
see Cataract — e. Jaune, see Cataract — e. Lm-
teuse, see Cataract — c. Noire, Amaurosis, see
Cataract — e, Perlee, see Cataract^-e. Piermue,
see Cataract — c, Verte, see Cataract.
CATARACTA, (F ,) Catarac'tus, Catarae'td
vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The
French use this term, both for the eye affected
with cataract and the patient himself.
CAT ARIA, see Nepeta.
CATARRH', Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopus, Co-
tarrheu'ma, Rheuma, Defiux*io, Catastag'ma,
Phlegmatorrhag"ia, Phiegmatorrhcs'a, from
xfcra, 'downwards,' and (co, <I flow.' A dis-
charge of fluid from a mucous membrane. The
ancients considered catarrh as a simple flux,
and not as an inflammation. Generally it par-
takes of this character, however. Catarrh is,
with us, usually restricted to inflammation
of the mucous membrane of the air-passages:
the French extend it to that of all mucous mem-
branes. (^.)Flttx muqueux,Fiuxiofi eatarfhale.
Catarrh, in the English sense, Bronehe-ca-
tar'rhus, Pul*monary Catarrh, Lung fever,
(vulgarly:) Rheuma Pee'toris, Destilla'tio Pec-
toris, Catar'rhus Pee'toris, C. Pulmo*num, C.
Pnlmona'lis, C. Bronchia'lis, Blennop'tysis,
Tus'sis eatarrha'lis simplex,Grave*do (of many)
Febris Catarrha'lis, Blcfiftotho'rax, Bronchi'-
tie, Catar'rhus d Fri'gori, (F.) Catarrhe pnl-
monaire, Pievre Catarrhale, Rhume de Poi'
trine, a Cold, is a superficial inflammation of
the mucous follicles of the trachea and bronchi.
It is commonly an affection of but little conse-
?[uence, but apt to relapse and become chrome*
t is characterized by cough, thirst, lassitude,
fever, watery eyes, with Increased secretion of
mucus from the air-passages. The antiphlo-
gistic regimen and time usually remove it.—
Sometimes, the inflammation of the bronchial
tubes is so great as to prove fatal.
Catarrh, Acute, of the Utertts, see Me-
tritis — c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic)— -c.
Dry, see Bronchitis— c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis,
Catarrh— c. Rose, Fever, hay— <. Suffocating
nervous, Asthma Thymicum— c. Summer, Fe-
ver, hay.
Catarrh', Eptdxm'ic, Catar'rhus epidem'-
ieus, C a conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'ieum* Ca-
tarrh prevailing owing to some particular Con-
ttitutio aJtris, and affecting a whole country}—
Influenza, (q. v.)
CATARRHACTA, Cataract.
C ATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'lis, Catarrhe'icHS,
Catarrhoit'ieus, Catarrhoetficus, Relating to
catarrh, — as Catarrhal Fever, ht, &c.
CATARRBB AIOUE 2>E rUTERUS 159
CATHARTIC
CA TARRHE AIGTTE DE L'UTiRUS, see
Metritis — «• Bueeal, Aphthae — c* Convulsiv^y
Broarhitis — cGtutriguB, Gastritis — c GfttiureU,
Cynanche tonsillaris — e, LttesHnaly Diarrhoea
— c. Ijaryngien, Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Coryza
— e, Oculairt, Ophthalniift— 6. d9 POreille, Otir-
rhoea — c. Fkaryngien, Cynanche parotidea — e,
Fittdteux, Bronchorrhcea — c. Pulnunudr*^ Ca-
Urrh— «. Sw; see Bronchitis— «. Stomaeal,
Ga8txx>rrhora. — e. Uttrin, Leucorrhcea — e» Veti'
eaiy Cystorrhcea.
CATARRHECTIC A, from Kara^iiyrvut,*!
break down.' Remedies considered proper for
e viLcoating ; — as dioretics^ cathartics, &c . Hip-
pocrates.
CATARRHEUMA, CaUrrh.
CATARRHBUX, (F.) Catarrho'sua. One
subject to catarrh; affected with catarrh.
CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhea/is ; same ety-
mon as Caturrk$etiea : the action of Catarrhec-
tlca. Also, efRision ; evacuation of the bowels.
CATARRH£XIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement,
(q. V.) — c. Vera, Hsmatochezia.
CATARRHCEA, Rheumatism.
CATARRHOET'ICUS, from jtatTaf^**, *I
flow from.' An epithet for disease, produced
hj a discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal.
CATAR'RHOPA PHTMATA, from xaT«<-
#o«-sc, ««T«^eviK>, * sloping downwards.' Tu-
bercles tending downwards, or with their apices
downwards.
CATARRHOPHE, Absorption.
CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
CATARRHOPIA, Catar*rkf»Uyfrom xara,
* downwards,' and (oirii, < inclination.' An af-
flux of fluids towards the inferior parts, and
especially towards the viscera of the abdomen.
The Greek word tn^oQ^mt* expresses an oppo-
site phenomenon, or a tendency towards the
upper parts.
CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh.
CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from k4»tocjoc, 'ca-
tarrh,' and '^«r(c, 'suppression.' The su^
pression of a mucous discharge.
CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis— c. -ffisti-
vus. Fever, hay—- c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche
parotidaeft — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh— c. Bron-
chiorum. Bronchitis — c. i Contagio, Influenza
--C. Epidemicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic
— c. Genitalium, Leucorrhcea — c. Gonorrhoea,
Gonorrhfca— c. Intestinidis, Diarrhoea — c. La-
ryngeus,Laryngo-catarrhus— c .ad Nares,Cory za
— c. Nasalis, Coryzar— c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh
— c. Pulmonum, Bronchitis, Catarrh---c. Seni-
Ks, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Suffocativus Bar-
badensis, C. trachealis — c. Trachealis, Laryngo-
catarrhus — c. Urethras, Gonorrhoea pura— c.
Crethralis, Gonorrhoea^-^cVesico, Cystorrhoea.
CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion.
CATARTI3IS, Catartismus.
CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'tisit, from xarat"
*nUiw, * to repair, replace.' The coaptation of
a luxated or fractured bone, or hernia.
CATASARCA, Anasarca.
CATASCEITE, Structure.
CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarifica.
tion.
CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza.
CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza^ Distillation.
CATASTALTICA, Haematostatica, Seda-
tives.
CATAS'TASIS, from xa^Km^pit, *l esta-
blish.' The eoDstitutiony state, condition, &c.
of any thing.— Hippocrates. Also the reduc-
tion of a bone. See Constitution, and Habit of
Body.
C ATAT'ASIS, from ««T<Tiir», « I extend,'
extension, (q. v.) The extension and reduc-
tion of a fractured limb. — Hippocrates.
CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression.
CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa.
CATAXIS, Fracture.
CATCH FLY, Apocynum androssemifolium,
Silene Virginica.
CATCHUP, Ketchup.
CAT'ECHU. The extract of various parts
of the Aea'cia Caiftchu, Caat*ehu, an oriental
tree. The drug is also called Terra Japon'iea,
Extraeftum Catechu, Japan Earth, Casch^u,
Oadtehu, Cashoio, Caitehu, Ceutjoe, Caeau,
Cate, Kaath, Cuti, CtUeh, Colra, Sueeus Ja^
pon'ieus, (F.^ Caehou. It is a powerful as-
tringent, and 18 used in diarrhoea, mtestinal hte-
morrhage, &c. Dose gr. xv. to ,^ss in powder.
CATBCHtr, SQtTARE, SCO Nsuclea gambir.
C ATEIADION, from %ara, and im, <a blade
of grass.' A long instrument, thrust into the
nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headache. —
Areteeos.
CATENAE MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus.
CATEONESIS, Catantlema.
CATGUT, Galega Yirginiana.
CATHiG'RESIS, x«d«<$«0i(, < subtraction, di-
minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing
to forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action
of catheretics <q. v.)
CATHiERETICUS, Catheretic.
CATHARETICUS, Cathartic.
CATHARISMOS, Depuration.
CATHAR'MA, P»r^am«n/'«m. The matter
evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous
purging : also, a catluirtic, (q. v.)
CATHAR'MUS. Same etyinon; a purga-
tion. — Hippocrates, Also, the cure of a lUs-
ease by magic, &c.
CATHAR'SIS, from xa&atQtiw, (ic«d' and
atQttr, < to take away,') * to purge.' Furga'tio,
Apoeathar^eis, Copropho'ria, Coprephore'sis* A
natural or artificial purgation of any passage j —
mouth, anus, vagina, &c.
CATHARTIC, Cathar'Heus, Calhara'tieus,
Cathar'ma, Coprocrit'ieum, Coprago'gum, Lus-
tramen'tum, Purgant msdieomentum, Triehi'
linm, Dejeeto'rittm Reme'dium, Eceathar'tieus,
Hypactious, Hopoehoret^icus, Alvnm evacuans,
Hypet'atos, Lapae'tieus, Apooathar*tieus . Same
etymon. (F,)Cathartiqus, A medicine, which,
when taken internally, increases the number of
alvine evacuations. Some substances act upon
the upper part of the intestinal canal, as calomel
and eoloepnth; others, on the lower part, as
aloes; and some on the whole extent, as saline
purgatives. Hence a choice may be necessary.
Cathartics are divided into purgatives and laxa-
tives, (q. V.) The following is a list of the
chief cathartics :
Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis, Ela-
terium, Gambogia, Hydiargyri Chloridum mite,
Hydrargyrl Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum
Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia, Magne-
sias Carbonas, Magnesias Sulphas, Manna, Man-
nita. Oleum Euphorbias Lathyridis, Oleum Ri-
cini, Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassae Ace-
tas, Potassae Bisulphas, Potassae Sulphas, Po-
tassae Bitartras, Potassa Tartras,^eum Soam-
monium, Senna, Sinapis, Sods et Potasss
CATHARTlNi:
169
CAUDLE
Tutras, Sodie Phoipbas, Sode Sulphu, Sodii
Chloridum, Sulphur, Vcratria, Aque Minerales
Sulphureae et Salinse, Enemata, Suppositoria.
C ATHARTINE, aee Cassia Senna, and Con-
Tolvulusjalapa.
CATHARTIQUE, Cathartic.
CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistuU.
CATHEDRA, Anus.
CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian.
CATHEMERU3, QnoUdian.
CATHERETIC, Catharet'ieuwy Ectfiot'-
ieuty Sareopk'agus, from k«^mu<iiv, <to eat,'
< destroy.' Substances applied to warts, exu-
berant granulatioBs, &c., to eat them down.
Miid caustics.
CATH'ETER, from Ka9iiif*t (xa6\ and tn,a,
<to send,') <I explore.' JSfM'o, AVgalUy Co-
thstc'risy Dcmissor, Immis'tor, A hollow tube,
introduced by surgeons into the urinary blad-
der, for the purpose of drawing off the oriae.
Catheters are xnade of siWer or elastic gum.
See Bougie. The French generally use the
word caiictct for the solid sound or staff; and
algralis and sonde for the hollow instrument.
CATHETERIS, Catheter.
CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus.
CATHETERIS MUS, Cathcte'risis,CatketS'
risa'tioj Cath'eterism^ Catheterixa'tion, Immis'-
sio Catheteria, same etymon. The introduction
of a catheter or sound into the bladder or Eusta-
chian tube. Also probing a woimd. Melosis,
(q. y.)
CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus.
CATHID'RTSIS, from Ka^tdifva, <I place
together.' Redoetion of a part to its natural
situation.
CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-yitreum.
CATHMIR, Calamina.
CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeurs
Cfttkoliguet, are the fluids sprMd oyer the whole
body.
CATHOLICON, Panacea.
Catbol'icon DUPI.BX. An ancient, purging
electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds,
rhubarb, senna, &e.
CATHOLICUM, Panacea.
C ATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces.
CATILLUS, Cup. ♦
CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible.
CATLING, Knife, double-edged.
CATO,«aT»,*below,' 'beneath.' Thisword,
in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for
the abdomen, especially the intestines. When
he adyises a remedy xstroi, he means a purga-
tive; when fltMv, aboye or upwards, an emetic.
As a prefix, Cato means * beneath,' as in
C ATOC ATHARTIC, Catoeathar'ticus,from
««T0, < downwards,' and xa^« i^m, < I purge.' A
medicine, which purges downwards. One that
produces aJyine eyacuations. The antithesis to
An€U!athartfe,
CATOCHA GALENI, CaUlepsy.
CAT'OCHE, Cat'oeheia^ Cafoehus, from
jroTtjt'ef, <I retain,' <I hold fiist.' This word
has, by some, been used synonymously with
Catalepsy, (q. y.); by others, with Coma yigil;
by others, with Tetanus.
CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis— c. Cer-
yinus. Tetanus — e. HolotonicuS» Tetanus— c.
Infantum, Induration of the cellular tissue.
CATOMIS^MOS, from mto, < beneath,' and
oHcr, 'shoulder.' Svbkumera'tio, A mode
with the ancients of reducing luxation of the
humerus by raising the body by the ana.—
Paulus of ^gina.
CATOPTER, Speculum.
CATOPTRIC EXAMINATION OF THE
EYE. When a lighted candle is held beforo
the eye, three images of it are seen — two erect,
and one inyerted: — ^tfae former owing to reflec*
tion from the cornea and anterior surface of tbe
crystalline; the latter owing to reflection from
the posterior layer of the crystalline. This
mode of examining the eye has been proposed
as a means of diagnosis netween cataract and
amaurosis. In the latter, all the images tre
seen.
C ATOPTROM ANCT,from xffT07rr^,(iffrc,
and oTiTo^ai,) * a mirror,' and /uct <rfia, ' diTin-
tion.' A kind of diyination by means of a
mirror.
CATOPTRON, Speculum.
CATORCHITES. A kind of aour wine,
prepared with the orchis and black grape, sr
dried figs. It was foroaerly employed as a diu-
retic and emmenagogne.— Dioscorides. Called,
also, Syeitfa. — Galen.
CATORETICUS, Purgatiye.
CATOTERICUS, Purgatiye.
CATOTaCA,from«4T»,<beneath.' Diseaaea
infecfmg udternal surfaces. Prayity of the fluids
or emunctories, that open on the internal sur-
faces of organs. The second order in the class
Eeeritiea of Good.
CATOX'YS, Peraeu*tusy from narct, 'an in-
tensive,' and a^vr, * acute.' Highly acute; as
Jtfbr5f«« Cataxft, M. PerAettius, a yery acute
disease.
CAT'S EYE, AMAUROTIC, see Amau-
rotic.
CATSFOOT, Antennana dioica.
CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia.
CATTITEROS, Tin.
CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum.
CAUCALOIDES, Patella.
CAUCHEMARy Incubus.
CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubns.
CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc.
CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis.
Cattda Eqvi'na. The spinal nmrrow, at its
termination, about the 2d lumbar yertebra,
giyes off a conaiderable number of nerres,
wnich, when unrayelled, resemble a horse's
tail, — hence the name; (F.) Qnme da Chemlf
Q.dala Mo'eil* Apinilra . See Medulla spinalis.
Cauda Salax, Penis.
CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda^lia, Canda'tua;
from oauday <a tail.' Haying a tail or tail-like
appendage: — as ^eattdai or caudate corpuaclea'
— corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in
cancerous growths.
CAUDATIO. An extraordinary elongation
of the clitoris. — Blasiua.
CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus.
CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Caudiez is a small town, nine leagues firom
Perpignan, where there is a thermal spring,
containing a little sulphate of soda and iron.
CAUDLE : from (F.) chaftdy * warm or hot.'
A nourishing gruel given to women during the
childbed state. The following is a form for it:
Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, put, whilst it
is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with
sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold
water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. Mix the
CAUL
161
CAUSES, PHTSICAIi
^htAe well together. Bnndy it semetimes
Bobstituted for the wine, miul lemon peel or
eapiilaire added. It ia alio sometimes made of
groel and heer, with sugar and natmeg.
CAUL, from (L.) eaulay <a fold,' JV/im,
PiU'olus^ Ganea, VUtay (F.) Coefe, Coiff^—
(Etr€ ni eo^f*-^' to be born with a caul.*')
The English name for the omentum. Also,
when a child is bom with the membranes
over the face, it is said to have been << bom
wtk eavi.** In the catalogue of superstitions,
this is one of the favourable omens. The caul
itself is sapposed to eonlier privileges upon the
possessor ; hence the membranes are dried, and
sometimes sold for a high price. See Epiploon.
CAUL£1)0N, Sieye'dony from m»xoc, 'a
stalk.' A transverse fracture.
CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,'
and^fowr £7], Braasica Florida.
Cauliflowbr Exobxb'cbrcx, EmerMcen'Ha
SppluHt'ieay (F.) ChoujUur. A syphilitic ex-
crescence, which appears about the origin of
the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus
and vulva, and which resembles, in appearance,
the head of the cauliflower.
C AULIS, Penis--c. Florida, Brassica Florida.
CAULOPHYL'LUM THALICTROI'DES,
Lfon'tiei thalietrofdety Blueberry Cohosh, Co-
49 yA, Cohuohy Slu$borry,Papoot$ Hoot, Squaw
Root, Blue Ginsengy YtUow Oiusong', a plant
of the Pamily BerberideaB; 8$x» Syst. Hezan-
dria Monogynia, which grows all over the
United States, flowering in May and June.
The infusion of the root is much used by the
Indiane in Tarious diseases. To it are ascribed
emmenagogue and diaphoretic virtues.
CAULOPLE'GIA, from navKoCf <the male
or«an,' and xrxiix?, * a wound,' or * stroke.' An
injury or paralysis of the male organ.
CAULORRHAOIA, Stimatosis— c. Ejacu-
latoria, Spermato-cystidoTrhagia-— c. StiUatitia,
Urethrorrfaagia.
CAULORRH(£A BENI6NA, Gonorrhna
pora.
CAULUS, Penis.
CAUMA, jr«ufi«, <a burnt part,' from x<i»,
' I barn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere.
Synocha (q. t.) Empresma (q. v.)
Cauma Bronchitis, C3rnanche trachealis — c.
Carditis, Carditis>-c. Enteritis, Enteritis — c.
Gastritis, Gastritis— c. HsDmorrhagicum, Ha-
morrhagia activa— c. Hepatitis, tfepatitis — c.
Ophthalmitis, Ophthalmia-~c. Peritonitis, Peri-
Tinitis— c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c. Pieuritis,
rieuritis^c. Podagricum, Gout— c Rheuma-
ri^mos. Rheumatism, acute*
C AUMATODES, Caumate'rut, from kovaca,
* fire heat.' Burning hot. P«brt» paumato'des,
F. causo'des. Inflammatory fever. S]mocha.
CAUNGA, Areca.
CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate—
c. Continens, Cause, proximate.
C AUSiE ABDIT^ Causes, predisponent or
remote— >c. Actuales, Causes, occasional — c.
PrapincipieBtes, Causes, procatarctic^c. Proe-
rionensB, Causes, predisponent.
CAUSE, Cau'sa, Ai'iia, Ai'tion. An act
which precedes another, and seems to be a ne-
c'^^sary condition for the occurrence of the
Utter. The causes of disease are generally ex-
tremely .obscure; although they, sometmies,
>re evident enou^. The prtdispou&nt and oe-
'oiionai causes are the only two, on which any
stress can be laid ; but as authors have divided
them differently, a short explanation is !
T;
Auax, Ao'OESSOBT, (F.) Cause Aeeessoiro.
One which has only a secondary influence in the
production of disease.
Causes, Accidknt'al, Common Causes, (F.)
Causes Aeeidsnteiles, are those which act only
in certain given conditions ; and which do not
always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g.,
may be the accidental cause of pneumonia,
rheumatism, &c.
CAirSES CACBMES, C. occult— c. Com-
mon, C. accidentid— c. Exciting, C. Occasional,
— c. Essential, C. Specific — e. VetenninatUesy
C. Specific — e. £loign6es, C. Predisponent.
Causes, Extbrn'al, (F.) Causes extemss,tLn
such as act externally to the individual i as air»
cold, &e.
CAUSES FORMELLESy (F.) are such as
determine the form or kind of disease. They
difller from the Causes matdriellesy which are
common to a set of diseases ; as, to the neuroses,
phlegmasis, &c.
Causbs, Hidden, C. occult*
Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Cm^es Intemss, are
those which arise within the body;— as mental
emotions, &c.
Causes, Mechaic'ioal, (F.) Causes m^ea-
niques, are those which act mechanically, as
pressure upon the windpipe in inducing suflbca-
tion.
Causes, Neg'ativx, (F.) Causes negatives,
comprise all those things, the privation of which
may derange the functions ; — as abstinence too
long continued. They are opposed to positive
causes, which, of themselves, directly induce
disease ; — as the use of indigestible food, spi-
rituous drinks, &c.
Causes, Obscure, C. occult.
Causes, Occasion 'al. Exciting Causes,
Causes actuaries, (F.) Causes oeeasionelles,
are those which immediately produce disease.
The occasional causes have be«i divided into
the cogmssable and non-eognisable. — C J. B.
Williams.
I. Cognizable Agents ^
1. Mechanical.
3. Chemical.
3. Ingests.
4. B(^ly exertion.
5. Mental emotion.
6. Excessive evacuation.
7. Suppressed or defective eva-
cuation.
8. Defective cleanliness, venti-
lation and draining.
9. Temperature and changes.
Exciting
Causes
OF
DiSXASB.
II. Non-Cogmzablo Agents,
1. Endemic, i
9. Epidemic. > Poisons.
3. Infectious. )
Causes, Occult', Hiddsn causes, Obscure
causes, (F.) Causes oeeultes on eaehees on o&-
setires. Any causes with which we are unac-
quainted ; also, certain inappreciable characters
of the atmosphere, which give rise to epide-
mics.
Causes, Pkts'ioal, (F.) Causes Physiquss,
— those which act by virtue of their physical
CAX73E PROCHAJNE
m
CAVA
pfopertieB; as form, hardness, fce. All wine-
rating bodies belong to this class.
Causes, Phtsiolog'^ical, (F.) Causes PAy-
siologiqussy those which act only on living
matter ; — narcotics, for example.
Causes, Prbdispo'nbnt, Remote causes y
Caus€B proigu'mena, Causa ob'dittB, Causa
remo'tee ; (F.) Causes predisponanies. Causes
iioignees, — ^those which render the body liable
to duease. They may be general, affecting a
number of people, or particular, affecting only
one person.
Causes, Prin'cipal, (F.) Causes prineipales
— those which exert the chief influence on the
production of disease, as distinguished from the
accessory causes*
Causes, Procatarc'tic, Causes proeatare'ti-
eesj Causa prenncipien^tes, from v^oRtfTo^KTiitof ;
* the origin or beginning of a thing,' (xaT(i^/«,
<I beffin,' and n^o, < before.') These words
have been used with different significations.
Some have employed them synonymously with
predisponeut or remote causes, others, with
occasional or exciting causes •
CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate.
Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'imaytXcon'-
tincns vel eonjune'ta, (F.) Cause continente on
proekaine, is the disease itself. Superabundance
of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of ple-
thora.
Causes, Remote, C. predisponent.
Causes, Specif'ic, Essen'tial causes, ()re. (F.)
Causes speeifiques^ C. essentielles, C, determi-
nantes; those which always produce a determi-
nate disease ; contagion, for example.
CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation,
Incendium, Ustion.
CAUSOMA, Inflammation.
CAUSTIC, Caus'tieus, Cauteret'icus, Dim-
ret*ieus, Ero'dcns, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrot'ieus,
from nAicD, * I bum.' (F.) Canstique. Bodies,
which have the property of causticity; and
which, consequently, burn or disorganize ani-
mal substances. The word is also used sub-
stantively. The most active are called Eseha-
rot'ies. Caustics are also called < corrosives.
Caustic Bearer, Porte-eaustiqus,
CAirSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization.
CAUSTICITY, Caustiif'itas, from Konrrri-
K9f, « that which burns,' (ca»io, * I burn.') The
impression which caustic bodies make on the
organ of taste; or, more commonly, the pro-
perty which distinguishes those bodies.
CAUSTICOPHORUM, Porte-pierre.
CAUSTICUM ALKALINUM, Potassafusa
•— c. Americanum, Veratrum sabadilla-— c. An-
timoniale, Antimonium muriatum-— c. Com-
mune, Potassa fusa— c. Commune acerrimum,
Potassa fusa— <. Commune fortius, Potassa cum
calce — c. Lunare, Argent i nitras— c. Potentiale,
Potassa fusa— c. Salinum, Potassa fusa.
Causticum Commu'nI, Poten'tial Cau'tery,
Common Caustic, Caute'riumpotentia*li, Lapis
sep'ticus, Caus*ttcum commu'n^ mit'ius. This
consists of quicklime and black soap, of each
equal parts.
CAUSTIQUE, Caustic.
CAVS TIQTTE'PILHOS, see Powder, Vienna.
CAUSTIQUE DE VIENNE, Powder,
Vienna.
CAUSUS, from naiu, «I bum.' A highly
ardent fever; Deu*rens. Pinel regards it as a
complication of bilious and inflammatory fever;
Brousaais, as an iatense gastritis, accompanied
with bilious symptoms. See Synocha.
Causus, Emdbmial, of the West Indies,
Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever,
yellow.
CAUTER, Cauterium.
CAUTkRE, Cauterium, Fonticnlus— e. Jii-
kdrent. Inherent cautery.
CAUTERETICUS, Caustic.
CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues from Bsrtgei
(Hatues-Pyrenees,) France. The waters ire
hydrosulphurous and thermal — temperature 133^
F. They are used in the same cases u the
Bar6gea water.
CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization.
C AUTE'RIUM, Cauterium attua'U, Caiaer,
Cau'tery, Inusto'rium, Rupto'rium, Ignis at-
tua'lis, from *atw^ *1 bum.' (F.) Cantirt^
Feu aetuel. A substance, used for <firiii|,'
burning or disorganizing the parts to which it
is applied. Cauteries were divided by the an-
cients into actual and potential. The word is
now restricted to the red-hot iron; or to positiTe
burning. It was, formerly, much used for pre-
venting hemorrhage from divided arteries; and
also with the same views as a blister. Tbe
term Poten'tial Cautery, Caute'riumpotentia'U,
Ignis potentia'lis, (F.) Feu potentiel, was gene
rally applied to the causticum comm u ne, (q. t.)
but it IS now used synonymoosly with caustic
in general.
Cautire also means an issue.
Cauterium Aotuale, Cauterium.
CAUTERIZATION, Cauterisa'tio, CoMtu
rias'mus, Exus'tio, Inus'tio, Caus'ticaAdus'tis*
Firing. The effect of a cautery. The French,
amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis-
tinguish five kinds: 1. CautirUation Ink^rentt,
which consists in applying the actual caaterj
freely, and with a certam degree of force, so as
to disorganize deeply. 3. Cauterisation trant-^
currents, which consists in passing the edge (A
the Cautire cultellaire, or the point of the Cat»-
tire conique lightly, so as not to disorganixe
deeply. 3. Cauterisation par pointes, which
consists in applying on the skin, here and ther(>,
the hot point of the conical cautery, with suffi-
cient force to cauterize the whole thickness of
the skin. 4. Cauterisation lente, slow eautm-
xation, by means of the moxa. 5. Cauteris^'
tion objective, which consists in holding the
cautery at some distance from the part to he
acted upon by it.
To Cau'tbrizb; Caustico adurert; (F.)
Cautiriser, To apply the cautery. To bum
with a cautery.
CAUTERY, Cauterium— c. Potential, Caus-
ticum commune.
CAVA, Vulva.
Cava Vena, Vena kepati'tes. The hollow
or deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave, A name
given to the two great veins of the body, which
meet at the right auricle of the heart. The
vena cava supe'rior, thorac"iea vel descen'dens,
is formed by the union of the subclavians; and
receives successively, before its termination at
the upper part of the right auricle, the inferior
thyroid, right internal mammary, superior dia-
phragmatic, azygos, &c. The vena cava infe'-
rior, abdomina'lis vel aseen'dens, arises from
the union of the two primary iliaes, opposite
the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the
CAVATIO
163
CEBIPARA
midiU sacral, lumbar, rigkt spermatic, he-
patic, and inferior diapkragm»tifs, and opens
at the posterior and inferior part of the right
anricle.
CAVATIO, Cavity.
CAVEA, Cavity— c. Narinm, Narea.
CAVER'NA, Antrum. *A cavern.' This
term has been used for the female organs of
generation. See Cavity, and Vulva.
Cavsbna Nariuv, Nares.
CAVERNiE DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium
— c. Frontis, Frontal Sinuses.
CAVERNEUX, Cavernous.
CAVERNOUS, Cavemo'sus, (F.) Caver-
neux. Filled with small cavities or caverns,—
as a sponge.
Cav£R]iocs Boniss, Cor^pora Cavemos^a of
the penis, Cor'pora nervo'sa, C Ner^veo-spoU'
gio'sa Penis, (F.) Corps Cavemeux. The cor-
pus cavemosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, se-
parated, through its whole extent, by a vertical,
mcomplete septum; and forming nearly two-
thirds of the penis. The corpus cavemosum,
on each side, arises from the ascending portion
of the ischium, and terminates obtusely behind
the glans. The arteries of the corpora caver-
nosa come from the internal pudic. See Heli-
cine Arteries. Nerves are found on the surfhce
of the outer membrane, but they do not appear
to penetiate the substance.
J. Miller's researches have led him to infer,
that both in man and the horse, the nerves of
the corpora cavernosa are made up of branches
proceeding from the organic as well as the ani-
mal system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone
provide the nerves of sensation of the penis.
Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of
the Clitoris, are two hollow crura, forming the
clitoris.
CAVEEHors Body of the Vagina, Corpus
Cavemo'sum Vagi*nee, Plexus retiform'is, is a
substance, composed of blood-vessels and cells,
similar to those of the penis and clitoris, which
covers the outer extremity of the vagina, on
each side. It serves to contract the entrance
to the vagina during coition.
Caveenous Respiration, (F.) When a ca-
vity exists in the lungs, and one or more rami-
fications of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud
tubal noise is emitted, provided the cavity be
not filled with fluid, which is called cavernous
respiration. In this condition the cough is ra-
r«moK4 likewise. (F .)Toux Cavemeuse, When
the capacity of the cavern is very great, the
sound of respiration is like that produced by
blowing into a decanter, with the mouth at a
little distance from the neck. This kind of ca-
vernous respiration has been called amphoric,
from amphora, < a flask;' (F.) Respiration am-
pkorique, SouJU amphorique, S» metallique.
The Veiled Puff, (F.) SouJU voili, is a mo-
dification of the cavernous respiration, in which,
according to Laennec, "sl sort of movable veil
interposed between the excavation and the ear "
seems to be agitated to and firo. It is a sign
which is not attended to.
CAVERNors ^iws. Sinus Cavemo'sus, Sinus
polymor^phus seu Rereptae'ulum, 8, sphenoidalis,
Reeapta&nlum sellm equi'nm ItU'eribus appos'i'
turn, (F.) Sinus cavemeux. The Cav'emous
Si'nuses are venous cavities of the dura mater,
filled with a multitude of reddish, soft filaments,
inteiaecting each other; and, as it weri^ reticu-
lated. They commence behind the inner part
of the sphenoid fissure, pass backwards on the
sides of the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by
opening into a cavity, common to the superior
and inferior petrosal sinuses. They receive
some meningeal veins, the ophthalmic veins,
&c. The anterior extremity of each cavernous
sinus has been named the ophthal'mie sinus,
Cav'brnovs Texture or Tissue, (F.) Tissu
eavemeux. The spongy substance which forms
the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It
seems to consist of a very complicated lace-
work of arteries and veins; and, probably, of
nervous filaments, with small fibrous plates,
which form by their decussation numerous cells
communicating with each other. This spongy
texture produces erection, by dilating and swell-
ing on the influx of blood; and probably, also,
by virtue of some property inherent in it.
CAVIALE, Caviare.
CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviae. A
culinary preparation, much used by certain
people, and made on the shores of the Black
and Caspian Sea, from the roe of the sturgeon,
mixed with salt and other condiments.
CAVIC'ULA, Cavil'la, from eavus, 'hol-
low.' The ankle, or space between the mal-
leoli. Some have given this name to the os
cuneiforme. See Astragalus.
CAVICULiE PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus.
CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula.
CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum
—c, Buccinata, Cochlea^-c. Cochleata, Coch-
lea. *
Cav'itJI Ellip'tica, Ampul'la. A dilata-
tion at one end of the semicircular canals of the
ear.
Cavitas Humeri Glenoioes, see Glenoid —
c. Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit — c. Oris,
Mouth — c. PulpsB, see Tooth.
CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the
brain — c. Durae matris, Sinuses of the dura ma-
ter— c. Innominatae, Auricles of the heart— c.
Interscapulares, see Interscapularis.
CAVIT&, Cavity— c. JDentaire, Dental cavi-
ty — e. des epiploons, see Peritonaeum — r. dn
Tympan, Tympanum.
CAVITY, Cav'itas, Cavum,Caslotes, Colon,
Ca'vea, Caver'va, Cava'tio, ( F . ) Caviti,
Every thing hollow, as the cranium, mouth,
nasal fossae, &c.
Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Caw>«« splanch-
niques, are those which contain the viscera.
They are three in number ; — the cranium,
chest, and abdomen. The cavities of bones,
connected with joints or otherwise, are de-
scribed vender their particular denominations.
CAVUM, Cavity — c. Abdominis, see Abdo-
men.
Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'mus, The
cavity formed by the proper bones of the cra-
nium.
Cavum Dentis, see Tooth— c. Narium, Nares
— c. Oris, Mouth — c. Tympani, Tympanum.
CAYAN, Pfaaseolns Creticus.
CAZABI, Jatropha manihot.
CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvensc.
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celaatrus.
CEAR, Heart.
CEASMA, Fissure.
CEBI GALLPN^. The liver of the fowl,
bruised.— Castelli.
CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree» whose
GSCX8
16i
CELLITLOBE
bitter and astringent bark is used in making
anti-rheumatic batha and fonaentations*
C£C£S, Bee Querciualba.
ClCITAy C9citai.
CEDAR, RED, Junipenia Vixginiana.
CEDEIA, Embalming.
CEDMA, Anearifm, Variz.
CED'MATA, ysa/4«T«. Rhewnatic pains of
tbe joints, especiaUy of the hips, groin or geni-
tal organs. A form of goat or rbeiMnatiam>
CEDRAT^ Citrus medica.
CEDRELE'UM, from xtiQocy * the cedar,' and
f iUtfvv, < oil.' The oil of cedar .^Pliny.
CE'DRI A, C^driumy Ce'drimum^ Ctdri Uuk'-
rymo, AlJhitran, The oil or resin which flows
from the cedar of Lebanoo. It was supposed
to possess great virtues. Hippocr., Foesius,
Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been
supposed to be the same as the pyroUgneous
acid. See Pinus SyWestris.
CE'DRINUM YINUM, Cedar Wine. . A
wine prepared bj steeping half a pound of
bruised cedar berries in six French pints of
sweet wine. It is diuretic and subastrmgent.
CEDRITES, from xia^e;, <the cedar.' A
wine prepared from the resin of cedar and
sweet wine. It was formerly employed as a
vermifuge, &c.
CEDRIUM, Cedria.
CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica«
CEDRONELLA, Melissa.
CEDROS, Juniperus lycta.
CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba.
CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina.
CEINTUREy Cingulum, Herpes zoster.
CEINTURE BLANCHE J>E LA CHO-
ROi'DE, Ciliary ligament.
CEINTURE DARTREUSB, Herpes sos-
ter — e. de JSildane^ Cingulum Hildani-^tf. de
Vif Argent, Cingulum mercuriale.
CELANDINE, Impatiens— <. Common, Che-
lidonum majus->-c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria.
CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tut, Ceano'tkue Ame-
riea'nusy New Jersey Tea, Red Root, Used
by the American Indians, in the same manner
as lobelia, for the cure of syphilis. It is slightly
bitter and somewhat astringent. A strong in-
fusion of the dried leaves and seeds has been
recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in
scarlatina.
GELATION, (F.) Concealment, from eelare,
< to conceal.' A word used by French medico-
legal writers for cases where there has been
concealment of pregnancy or delivery.
CELE, Riiiii, < a tumour, protrusion, or rup-
ture ;' a very common suffix, as in hydrocele,
bubonocele, &c. See Hernia.
CEL'ERY, (F.) Celeri. The English name
for a variety of Apium graveolens, (q. v.)
CELETA, see Hernial.
CELIA, Cerevisia.
C^LIAQUA, Cajliac.
CELIS, xnU(, ' a spot, a stain.' A wutotda
(q. V.) or spot on the skin.
CELL, Cella, A small cavity. The same
s^ification as Cellule (q. v.)
Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell— c.
Bronchic, Cellule, bronchic — c. Calcigerous,
see Tooth.
Cell, Epider'mic. The cells or corpuscles
that cover the free membranous surfaces of the
body, and which form the epidermis and epithe-
lium, are termed ' epidermic edit.* They are
developed from germs fumldied by the vit^
cent membrane.
Cell, Fat, see Fatty vesicles— c. Germ, Cj-
toblast — c. Germinal, see Cytobltst— <. Nu-
cleated, see Cytoblast.
Ckli. Lifx. The life which is posieswdby
the separate cells that form the tissues, and by
which the nutrition of the tissues is pressmad
to be effected.
Cell, Pigment* Pigment cells are mingled
with the epidermic cells, and are most manifegt
in the coloured races. They are best sees od
the inner surface of the choroid of the eje,
where they form the figmentum nigrum*
CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica.
CELLULA, Cellule.
CELLUL^ see Colon— c. Mednllam, we
Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales, Celinki
broncfaii, see Pulmo^^^:. Bmnrhicm, see Cel-
lule.
CELtULAR, CeUtdafHs, Cellu'lesut, (f-)
Cellulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from
cella or eellnla, * a cell.'
Cel'lular Meh'brane, Me9t6re^na celM-
*a, M, Cellvla'ris, — M. adipo'sa, fingutdivJ-
89, of some, JPanni^ulue adtpo*eue,-^}im-
brane formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrm
eellulairt. Generally used for the tisrne it-
self.
Cel'lulak Ststex. The wh<de of the cel-
lular tissue of the human body.
CxLLVLAE Tissue, Tela eeUula'ris^ T. oetfs-
lo'ea, T. Hippoc^ratie erihro*»a, EthwjffU^rt-
tieula'ted, fUamsntoua, laminated, crih'nform,
porous, are'olar, andin««o«9 Tissue, Reticular
or cellular substanee, Contex'tus cellmle'tm,
(F.) Tissu eellulaire, retieuU, lamineux, tri-
bleux, porewc, arMaire, mu^usu^p, ^e,, if the
most common of all the organic tissues. A]»
tomists do not agree regarding its intimate
structure. It seems to contain cellules or ir-
regular areolsB between the fibres and platm;
as well as serum, ht, and tbe adipous tissot.
The cellular tissue or texture unites ever? pirt
of the body ; determines its shape, and by its
elasticity and contractility, and by the floid
which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo-
tion of parts on each other.
Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomiib
into the external, general or common cellular
tissue — terius eellula'risinterme'dius walexMy
which does not penetrate the organs,-— the cel-
lular texture which forms the envelopes of or-
gans — teaPtus eellula'ris strictu$: and that which
penetrates into the organ8> accompanying and
enveloping all their parts, — the teaetus eeUule'-
ris stipa'tus, constituting the basis of all the
organs. It has likewise been termed Tesm
organ'ieus seu parenehyma^lis.
Cellular Tissue of Bones, see (J^ancelli.
CEL'LULE, CeVlula, diminutive oi etUa,
«a cavity.' A small cavity. (F.)CelluU. Cel-
lules are the small cavities between the lamin*
of the cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, kc,
CELLULips or Cells, Beokchic, Ctl'l^*
Bron'chieee seu Pulmona'Us, Pori pulme'numy
Vesie'ula pulmonales. The air-cells of ^^
lungs. See Pulmo.
CELLULES BRONCJSIQUES, Bronchial
cells.
CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound.
CELXUL08E, same etymon as CW/«/*.
The substance which is left after tbe action
CELLULOSUS
165
CENTIUBIAPHAinSS
upon aoy kM of Testable tiaaae of such sol-
vents as are fitted to dissolve out the matter
deposited in its cavities and interstices. It has
been aflhrmed, that the timicated or ascidian
molliisca have, in their integuments, a consi-
derable quantity of it.
CELLULOSUS, Cellokr.
GELOLOG^'IA, from K17A17, < rapture/ and
Ujty * a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia.
A treatise on hernia.
CELOSO'MUS, from xiili?, <a rupture,' and
9mpMy * body.' A monster in which the trnnk
is uniformed, and eventration or displacement
Gf the viscera exists.
CELOTES, see Hernial.
CE1.OT0M1A, JCeiotom*mj (kloeon^, from
jrijlij, «a rupture,' and xtnYury *to cut' An
operation, formerly employed for the radical
core of inguinal hernia; which consisted, prin-
cipally, in passing a ligature round the hernial
sac and spermatic vessels. It necessarily oe-
easioned atrophy and loss of the testicle; and
did not secure the patient against the return
of the disease. The intestines were, of cotirse,
not included in the ligature. Also, the opera-
tion for hernia in general, — Semiot'omy,
CELOTOMUS, same etymon. Hemiofo-
mtfcff. A knife used in the operation for hernia.
Adjectively, it means relating to celotomy, like
Celoiotmfieut*
CELSA. A term, nsed by Paracelsus for a
cntaneotn disease, dependent, according to him,
on a fiilse or heterogeneous spirit or vapour,
<xyncealed under the integuments, and endea-
vouring \xi escape. Perl^ps the disease was
XhtieartA,
CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy.
CEMBRO rrUTS, see Pinus cembra.
CEMENT. A glutinous substance intro-
duced into a carious tooth to prevent the access
of air or other extraneous matters. The follow-
ing is an example : (^r. Sandarae, ^ij ; Mastieh,
Ji; Sit<riH. gr. X. ^ther, gi; Dissolve with
Uieaid of beat.)
CEMENTERIUM, Crucible.
CEMENTUM, see Tooth.
CENANGIA, Ceneangia.
OENCHRON, Panicum miliaceum.
CENDRA, Cineritious.
CBNDRE DU LEVANT, Soda.
CENDRES GfiAVUL^ES, see Potash—
c. 44 Sarmsnt, see Potash.
CENEANGI'A, CmangVa, from «twc,
'empty,' and «yrew, <a vessel.' Inanition,
Empty state of vessels. — Galen.
CENEMBATE'SIS, from wwf, « empty,'
and lufkurto, *\ enter.' Paracentesis, (q. v.)
AIfo, the act of probing a wound or cavity ;
Melo'aiit.
CENEONES, Flanks.
CENIGDAM, Ceniplam*
CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam.
CENIPLAM, CetUgdaniy Cenigotam, Ceni^
foiam. The name of an instrument anciently
vsed for opening the head in epilepsy. — Para-
celsus.
CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam.
CENOSIS, from xtvof, < empty.' Ine'tis,
Imthmos. Evacuation. It is sometimes em-
ployed synonymously with inanition, (q. v.)
and oppo^ to repletion ; — EitinaiiU"tio,
CENOT'ICA, from xtvu^ir, 'evacuation.'
Diseasesaffecting the fluids. Morbid discharges
or excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as
are natural. The first order, class Oeneiica, of
Good; also. Drastics, (q. v.)
CENTAU'REA BEHEN, Beken Mad, ^-
hin albums White Behen. Ord. Geatiaaee.
Astringent.
Centau'ksa BsNEnio'TA, Car'dufM b^nedu^^
tu0y Cnieus Bylves'trisy Cniew beTudic'tus,
Cardiohot'anum, BUssed or Moiy Thistle, (F.)
Chardon hinit, Pam, Cynarocephalen. flf«tr.
Syst. Svngenesia Polvgamia frustranea. A
strong decoction of the herb is emetic:— a
strong infiision, diajAoretic (T) j a light infusion,
tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. xv. to aj* of
powder.
CawTATj'nEA CALOrrRA'PA, Caidira'pa, Col*
eairep'pola, Car'duus solMiUa'Us, Carduvs
ttella'tusy Ja'eta romons'aimay Caeotrih^ulus,
Caleitrap'pa stella'toy Stetla'ta mpi'na. Cm-
tau'rea steila'ta, Common Star-Tkiatle, Star^
Knapweed, (F.) Centauri^ iUnlie, Chardon
itoUi, Chauaeetrappe, Pigwrole. It is pos-
sessed of tonic i^operties, and has been given
in intermittents, dyspepsia, fcc. It is not much
used.
CENTAxraK A CiB,mK\}'uxvm,Rhapon'Hcum vtU-
ga'rl, Cetaavrium magnufi^ Centaurium ma-
jua. Cheater Cen'taury, Centaurium tr^na'li,
(F.) Centaurie grands. It is a bitter; and
was formerly used as a tonic, especially the
root.
CairTAtr'RBA Cr'Airre, Cy'anue, Bine bottle,
Com-Jlower, {T,)BUwelle, BlavMe,Blavirolle.
The flowers were once much used as a cordial,
tonic, &c. They are now forgotten.
Cbntaurxa Stkllata, Centauree calcitrapa.
CENTAURAE ATOIL&E, Centaurea calci-
trapa — «. Grande, Centaurea centaurium — e.
Petite, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen-
taurium— c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centau-
riun>— c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — r.
Parvum, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu-
l*""i»— «• Greater, Centaurea centaurium— c.
Lesser, Chironia centaurium.
CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture.
CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a
hundred,' and /^o^m*, 'gramme.' Cwuigram'-
ma. The hundredth part of a gramme. A
centigramme is equal to about the fifth part of
a French grain, gr. .1544, Troy.
CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from eentum,
*a hundred,' and Xnga, * litre.' An ancient Greek
measure for liquids:— the hundredth part of a
litre— equal to nearly ten grammes or a spoon-
ful. 2.7053 fluidrachms.
CENTIMkTRE, CenHm*eter; the hundredth
part of a metre— equal to about four lines.
.3937 English inch.
CENTIMORBIA, Lysinuichia nunmiularia.
CENTINERVIA, Plantago.
CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare.
CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
CENTO VIRGIN ALIS, Hymen.
CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarae'ta centra'-
lie, from xfVT^or, 'centre,' a privative, and
9ta<^rfif, 'transparent.' Cataract owin<» to
obscurity of the central portion of the crystal-
line.
CENTRAL ARTEBT
lee
CEPEALANTHUS
CENTRAL ARTERY OF THE RETINA,
ArU'ria Centra'lis Ret'in9y Central ArUry of
Zinn, This artery is given oflf from tlie arto-
ria ophthalmica, an 1 penetrates the optic nerve
a little behind the hall of the eye ; running in
the axis of the nerve, and spreading out into
many small branches upon the inside of the re-
tina. When the nerve is cut across near the
eye, the orifice of the divided artery is observ-
aole. This was formerly called Porus Op'ti-
eua.
CENTRE OF ACTION. The viscus in
which the whole or a great part of any func-
tion is executed, and to which several other
organs contribute. Thus, the vital activity
seems to be wholly centred in the stomach,
during chymification; in the duodenum, during
chylilcation. In like manner, the uterus be-
comes a centre of action during gestation.
CBRTas, Epioas'tric. The ganglions and
nervous plexuses, formed by the great sympa-
thetic and pneumogastric nerves, in the epi-
gastrium, around the celiac artery; where the
impressions received from various parts of the
body seem to be centred.
Cbnteb of Flux'ion. The part towards
which fluidf are particularly attracted. An
irritated organ is said to be a centre of fluxion.
CxNTRss, Naavous, (F.) Centres nerveux.
The organs, whence the nerves originate; as
the brain and spinal marrow.
Cbmteb, Oval, Centrum Ova'li,C. O, Vieue-
te'mij Tegiimen'tum ventrieulo'rum eer'ebri, —
When the two hemispheres of the brain are
sliced away, till on a level with the corpus cal-
losum, the medullary part in each is of an oval
.ihape: hence called centrum ovali minus, (F.)
renire meduUaire hemisphiral. The two cen-
tres of the opposite sides, together with the
corpus calloBum, form the centrum ovali of
Vieus'ssns* Vieussens supposed all the medul-
lary fibres to issue from that point, and that it
was the great dispensatory of the animal spi-
rits.
Cbntrb, Phrbhic, Ten'dinous Centre of the
Di'apkragmy Centrum Phren'teum^ C. Ner*-
ffflMW or C TefulifUi'sum seu tendin^eum, (F.)
Centre phrinique ou C. tendineux du Dia-
pkragme. The central aponeurosis or eordiform
tendon of the diaphragm.
Cbntrb of . Stmpathet'ic Irradu'tions,
( F.) Centre d* irradiations sympatkiques. Any
organ, which excites, sympathetically, the ac-
tion of other organs, more or less distant from
it; and with which it seems to have no imme-
diate communication. — ^Marjolin.
Cbntrb, Tendinous, of thb Diaphraom,
Centre, phrenic.
CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus.
CENTRUM COMMUNE, Solar plexus— c.
Nerveum, Centre, phrenic— c. Ovale, Centre,
oval — c. Ovale minus, see Centre, oval— c.
Ovale of Vieussens, Centre, oval — c. Semicir-
ftulare geminum, Tsnia semidrcuhtris—^.
Teodinosum, Centre, phrenic.
GENTRY, Chironia angularis.
CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre.
CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
CSPA ASCALONICA, Bulbus escalentns,
Echalotte.
CRPiEA, Veronica beccabunga.
CEPUiELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecaca-
CEPHAL^'A, Beadache, <F.) Cepkalit,
from jit<paii7, 'head.' Sonfe use the term sy-
nonymously with cephalalgia. Others, for a
periodical headache: — others, again, for a mors
violent headache than cephalalgia implies; and
others for a chronic headache. The last wai
its ancient signification.
CephcUa'a spasmod^ica, Cephnlal'gia spas-
mod'iea, C, Nausea' sa, Siek-headaeke, is chs-
racterized by partial, spasmodic pain; oftea
shilling from one part of the head to another :
chiefly commencing in the morning, with sick-
ness and faintness. It is extremely apt to re-
cur, notwithstanding every care.
Cbfhalaa Arthritic a, CephalagT«r—c. He-
micipania, Hemicranisr-c. Nauseosa, Spasmo-
dica — c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe.
CEPHALiEMATO'MA, from m^om,
* head,' and ^at/^y ' blood ;' Tumor Capitis
sanguin'eus nsonato'rum, Cephalopky'moy Cro-
nioh^maton'cus. A sanguineous tumour, some-
times developed between the pericranium and
the bones of the head of new-bom children.
Similar tumours are met with occasionally
above other bones, and at all periods of exist-
ence.
CEPHALiE'MIA, Byperes'mia cer'ehn, E,
Capfiiis, EneepkaloksBmia, (F.) Hyperemis oa
CoTigestion du eerveau, En^epkalokemie, B.
cirebrale, Congestion ceribrale, AccumuIatiQn
of blood in the vessels of the brain.
CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cepkaloduc'tor, Capi-
tiduc'toTj from M^lq, * head,' and ax«r^> * *
leader, a driver.' An instrument used for
drawing down the foetal head.
CEPH'ALAGRA, from xt^alij, <the head,'
and ayQu, < seizure.' Cephales'a artkritieoy
Meningi*tis arthHt'iea. Gout in the head.
CEPHALAGRATHIA, from xt^altiy <the
head,' and yj^'fiiy <a description.' An anato-
mical description of the head.
CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo'nioy CopkaU-
dyn'ia, Encephalodyn'ia, Bomonopa^gioy from
iTf qiaiw, * the head,' and aky^c, ' pain.' FurejAo
lal'gia. Dolor Cap'itis, D, eephal'iens. Soda,
Pain in the head ; Headache^ (F.) Ciphalalgie,
Mai a the. Every kind of headache, whether
symptomatic or idiopathic, is a cephalalgia. It
is ordinarily symptomatic, and has to be treated
accordingly.
Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza— -c. In-
flammatoria, Phrenitis.
Cephalalgia Period 'ic a, Pehris intormit-
tens eephal'iea larva' ta, IrUerwuttent Jkeastaehe.
Headache which returns periodically; properly,
perhaps, a form of neuralgia, (q. v.)
Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe — c.
Spasmodica, see Cephalaea.
CEPHALALOG'IA, from »«9«aij, *the
head,' and I'^y^f, ' a discourse.' An anatoooica!
dissertation on the bead.
CAPBALANTBE D'AM£RIQUE, Ca-
phalanthus occidentalis.
CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTAO-IS,
Buttonwood shrub, Bnttonhush, White Ball,
Little Snowball, Swampwoody Pond Dogtp^odt
Globejlower, (F.) Cephala7ahe d^Ameriquo,
Bois de Marais. An ornamental shrub, Nat.
Ord. RubiacesB ; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mono-
gynia, which grows all over the United States,
near streams and ponds, and flowers in July
and August. The bark of the root has been
used as an antiperiodic tonic.
CEPHALARTICA
167 CERAT BLANC ou DE G ALIEN
CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies.
CEPHALATOMIA, Cepkalotom'ia^ from
jTf^axt;, * the head,' and ri^tt it, < to cut.' Ana-
tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head.
CEPHALE, Head.
CEPHALIC, Cephal'icus, Capiflis, from
ft«^«xi;, ' the head.' (F.) Cepkaliyue. Relating
to the head.
CsniAL'ic Rbm'edies, Cephatica vel Capi-
n^lia rtme'dia, are remedies capable of reliev-
ing affections of the head, especially headache :
— Cephalar'tica.
Cephal'ic VKiif, Vena Cephal*iea,Vena Cap^-
kiSf (T.) Veins cipkalique^ Veins radial» euta-
nee of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at
the outer part of the arm and forearm. It be-
gins on the back of the hand, by a number of
radicles, which unite into a single trunk, called
the Cepikalie of the Thumb, CephtWiea Pol'H-
dsj (F.) Veins eephaligue du pouee. It ascends
along the anterior and outer part of the fore-
arm, where it forms the auperfieial radial. At
the fold of the elbow it receives the median ce-
phaiie, ascends along the outer edge of the bi-
ceps, and opens into the axillary vein.
The name Cepkalie was given to it by the
ancients, because they thought it had some con-
nexion with the bead, and that blood-letting
oq^t to be performed on it, in head affections.
Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine
e^pkaiiqusy and the primary or common carotid,
Art^e eifJknliqus,
CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput.
CEPHALI^NG. The base or itMt of the
toogoe. — Gorrsus.
CEPHALIS, see Caput.
CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis.
CEPHALIUM, see Caput.
CEPHAL0DU<;T0R, Cephalagogus.
CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
CEPHALCEDEMA, Hydrocephalus.
CEPHALOID, Encephaloid.
CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid.
CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cepha-
Htis.
CEPHALOM'ETER, from Kiq»axi7, nhe
head/ and ^trcior, < measure.' An instrument
for measuring the different dimensions of the
ketal head, during the process of accouchement.
A kind of forceps.
CEPHALON'OSUS, from M9if^ri, < thehead,'
and yoa«r, < disease.' This term has been ap-
plied to the Fehria Hungar^iea^ in which the
head was much affected. See Fever, Hunga-
ric. Others have so called any cerebral disease
or fever.
CEPHAL0PA6ES, Symphyocephalu^.
CEPH' ALO-PHARYNGiE'irS, from x«<p«;i»,
' the head,' and fc^vyS, ' the pharynx :' belong-
iiig to the head and pharynx. Winslow has
t^ven this name to the portion of the eonetrictor
fkaryngie superior, (q. v.) which is attached,
above, to the inferior surface of the basilary
process of the os occipitis. The Cephfalo-pha^
rjng^ai Aponeuro'sie is a thin, fibrous mem-
brane, which is attached to the basilary process,
sad gives insertion to the fibres of the eonetrictor
*»perior pharipiffie*
CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalsmatoma.
CEPHALOPONIA, (Cephalalgia.
CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal.
E P H'A L 0-SPIN AL, Cepkaia^pina'Us,
^•fk'alo^aehid^ian^ CeiUro^spinal, Crumo^pi'
nal, A hybrid term from »• (^xji, < head,' and
spina, * spine.' Belonging to the head and spine.
Ceph'alo-spiwal Fluid, Cephiilo-rtiehid'ian
Jluid, Cerobro-spinal fluid, Fla'idum cer'ebro^
spina'le, is an exhaled fluid, which is found be*
neath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater exists
in connexion with the brain andspioal cord. It
seems to have a protecting office, and to keep
up a certain degree of pressure on the organ, —
at least in the spinal canal.
CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS,
from xttfxX^, < head,' Bmea^, * the chest,' and
VTtptir, * to rob.' A monster without head or
chest.
CEPHALOTOM'IA, Eccephalosis.
OMPHALOTRIBE, (F.) An instrument
invented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for
crushing the head of the fetus in utero ; from
jfty-ii;, <the head,' and -r^*/?*', * I bruise.' It
consists of a strong forceps, the blades of which
are solid : 16 lines broad, and 3 thick. The
handles are perforated at their extremity to re-
ceive a screw with three threads, the direction
of which is very oblique, so as to allow great
rapidity of rotation, and the screw is mov^ by
a wincb 6 inches long, to increase the force of
the pressure. The bones of the head are easily
crushed by it.
CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning.
CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis.
CEPULLA, Allium cepa.
CER, Heart.
CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceroe,
Telio^a and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jauns et
Blanche, An animal substance prepared by
the bee, and by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon
and Myri'ea ceriftra* Its colour is yellow, and
smell like that of honey, but both are lost by
bleaching. It is demulcent and emollient; is
sometimes given in the form of emulsion, in
diarrhoea and dysentery, but is chiefly used in
cerates and ointments.
CER^'^, from ki^k;, 'a horn,' irf^Mi.
The Cornua of the uterus, (q. v.>---Rufus of
Ephesus.
CERAMIC EyCfraWu'^, from *i^«Atec, « pot-
ter's earth.' A sort of earth used as a cata-
plasm in peripneumony. — Hippocrates.
CERA MI UM, Amphora— €. Helmintho-
chortus, Corallina Corsicana.
CERAMNIUM, Amphora.
CERAMURIA, see Urine.
CERANTHEMUS, Propolis.
CERAS, ii»^«c. * genitive,* ci^arof, 'horn,'
Comu, (q. y.) : also, the Cornea (q. v.) Hence,
Ceratertomia, Ceratoeele, &c.
CERASION, see Prunus cerasus.
CERAS'MA, from Kip^fw/i/, < to mix :'
something mixed. A mixture of hot and cold
water. Metarerae'ma, — Gorraeus.
CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus.
CERASUS AVIUM, Prunus avium— «.
Laurocerasus, Prunus laurocerasua — c. Padus,
Prunus Padus— c. Racemosus sylvestris, Pru-
nus padus — c. Serotina, Prunus Yirginiaoa — c.
Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana.
C£RAT BLJINC ou DE G ALIEN, Cera-
turn Galeni — r. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratom
cetacei — c, de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi — e.
pour lea lAvree, Cerate for the lips — cdsplomb
rompose, Ceratum plumbi compositum — c, de
Savon, Ceratum Saponis — c. de SnraUtats de
plomh. Centum plumbi supeiacetatis.
CERATE
168
GE&ATUH
CE'RATE, C^ra'tam^ from »w«c, I*at. wra,
*waac,' CereleB'umy Ctro'ma^ Csro'nium, Cam'-
tum, Ceraiomalag'ma, (F.) Cerat. A eompo-
sitioQ of wax, oil, or lard, without other ingre-
dients.
Ceratx, Simple Cerate, Cera'twm, Cera'tttm
simplex, P. L. (F^ Cirai Simple. {Yellow
vax ^iv, olive oil 5iv.) It is applied as an
emollient to excoriations, &c.
Ceratb of CA.i,'AminK,Cera*tumCalami*nm,
C. Carbona*tie xinei impu'ri, C. Zinci Carho-
n»*tis, (Ph. U. S.) Cera'tum lap'idis Calami'
fuifris, Cere^tum epnlot^ieum, Cerate of Carbo^
note of ZinCf Turfter^e Cerate, Healing Salve,
(F.) Cerat de Pierre Calamdnaire, C. de Cala^
mine, C» (Zinei Carbon, preepar, Ceree Jlavce,
fta Ibss. adipis,Vb\y Melt the wax and lard to-
gether, and, on cooling, add the carbonate of
sine and stir till cool.— Ph. IJ. S.)
Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Can^
thar'idis. Blister Ointment, Ointment of Spe^
rush Fliee, Unguen'tum ad veeieato'ria, Un-
guen'twn PtU'veris Mel'oi^ veaieato'rii, Vng,
epispas'tieum for'tius, Cera'tum Lytta, fF.)
Cerat de Cantkarides, {Spermaceti eerate ^vj,
Cantkarides in powder, zj. The cerate being
softened by heat, stir in the flies.) This cerate
of the European Pharmacopceias is used to keep
blisters, issues, &c., open. See Unguentum
Lyttas. For the cerate of Spanish flies of the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia, (see Emplastnim Lytts.)
Cerate, Gtoulard's, Ceratum Plnmbi com-
positum.
Cerate, Eirklano's Neutral. (DiaekyL
^viij, olive oil 3^iv, prepared ekalk |^iy : when
nearly cool, add Acet. dest, ^iv, plumb, supere^-
eet, 3iij.) A cooling emollient.
Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'-
turn labia'19 rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia de-
muleen'da. — Ph. P. C^.) Cerat ou pommade
pour lee llvree, (Wax 9 parts ; oil 16 parts; —
coloured with Manet,)
Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi
eompositum.
Cerate, Marshall's. (Palm oil ^i, calo-
mel HJj, sugar of lead §8S, oitUmcnt of nitrate
£»/i»wr<»ry 5ij.) « „ .
Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Reams
eompositum — c. Savine, Ceratum sabinse — c.
Soap, Ceratum saponis— ^. Spermaceti, Ceratum
cetacei— c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce-
ratum plumbi Buperacetatis— c. Turner's, Ce-
rate of calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc. Ce-
rate of calamine.
CERATECTOMIA, from xi^ac, <the cor-
nea,' and cxrofcop, <cut out.' An incision
through the cornea. See Ceratotomia.
CERAT I A, Ceratonium siliqua.
CERATI'ASIS; from jr«poc,* horn.' Amor-
bid condition characterized by corneous growths.
CERATION, Siliqua.
CERATI'TIS, from xijof, 'the cornea,' and
itis, ' inflammation.' Inflammation of the cor-
nea, Cerati'tis, CeratodeVtis, Ceratomeningi'tis,
Comei'tis, Inflamma'tio eor'neee,
CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua.
CER'ATO, in composition, in the names of
muscles, is used for the cornua of the os hy-
oides; — as Cerato>glossus.
CERATOCE'LE, Aquula, XTva'tio, Promi-
nen'tia Cor'nea, Hernia Cor'nea, Ceratodeoee'U,
from xif « f , ' horn,' and xrjXri, * tumour.' A pro-
trusion of the transparent cornea, or rather of
the membrane of the aqueous humour through
an opening in the cornea.
CERATODEITIS, Ceratitk.
CERATODEOCELE, Ceiatocele.
CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis.
CERAT0DE8 MEMBRANA, Cornea.
CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratoglos'sus, from
xt^tt, < horn,' and yJ^e-a-x, ' the tongue.' A mus-
cle, extending from the great coma of the os
hyoides to the base of the tongue. It is a put
of the hyoglossus, (q. v.)
CERATOIDES, Cornea.
CERATOLEUCOMA, Leuooma.
CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from ftt$a(,<bQiiL'
A horny growth, or homy formation.
CERATO-MALAOMA, Cerate.
CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis.
CERATO-MENINX, Cornea.
CERATO'NIA SILIQUA. TheCarebTm,
Cera'tium, Ceraftia, Sil'igua duleis, Can'ha
Alnabati, the Sfoeetpod, (F.) CarouUer (Fruit,
Carouge.) This — the fruit of the CeratonU
siliqua^iB mucilaginous, and employed in de*
coction, where mucilages are indicated.
CERATONYXIS, KeratonytCis, Cersteiefh
nyx'is, from Kti^ac, 'the cornea,' and ?ti0v»/I
puncture.' An operation by which the cry^
talline is depressed by means of a needle intro-
duced into the eye through the cornea. Some
divide the crystalline into fragments with the
needle, and leave them to the action of the tb-
sorbents. The operation is as old as the i7tb
century.
CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ate-Pie^
rpnge'us, from xt^ar, <horn,' and ^{vrl, 'the
pharjmx.' The great and smaH Cer'oto-fk't'
rynge'i are small fleshy bundles, forming part
of the Hyopkaryngeus of Winslow.
CERATOPLAS'TICE, from ki{<«, «tiie cor-
nea,' and jrxMtf-Tiirof , ' forming, formative.' Tbe
operation for the formation of an artificial cor-
nea. It has not been practised on man.
CERATORRHEX'IS,li«;*f*'ra cor'nea^frm
jrt^o^, <the cornea,' and ^ulicy * rupture.' Rop-
ture of the cornea.
CERATOSIS, Ceratoma.
CER'ATO- ST APHYLI'NUS, Ker'ato-tt^^
pkyli'nus, from xifSf, *horn,' and irTa^viif, *th?
uvula.' Some fleshy fibres of the TkyroSts-
pkylinus of Winslow.
CERATOTOM'I A, Ceratectom'ia,fTom tt^u
•cornea,' and rtfifi*, «to cut.* Section of th$
transparent cornea* This incision is used in
the operation for cataract, to give exit to piu
effused in the eye, in case of h3rpopyon, &c.
CERATOT'OMUS, Keratot'omus, Kerar-
omus, from «?<<, * cornea,' and rt^ #»«»,* to cot.'
A name given by Wenzel to his knLfe for di-
viding the transparent cornea, in the operation
for cataract. Many modifications of the iastni-
ment have been made since Wenzel's time.
See Knife, cataract.
CERATUM, Cerate— c. Album, Ceratom
cetacei, Ceratum C^leni^. de Alth»A, Unguen-
tum de AlthseA — c. Calaminae, Cerate of Ca-
lamine— c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides,
Emplastrum Lyttie — c. de CerussS, Unguentam
plumbi subcarbonatis.
Cbra'tith Ceta'cei, Cera'tum spermaretiy
Cera'tum album, Cera'tum simplex, C, Crft,
Unguen'tum adipoce'ra eeto'mm, lAnimen'tum
album, Emplas'trum Sperm'atis Ceti, Sperma-
ceti Cerate, (F.) Cirat de bhmc de baleine.
GERATUM CETI
169
C£B£BELLUM
{Sp$rMa€0ii ij, wkits wax Jij; olive oil Jvi.
Pb. IT. S.) A good emollient to ulcers, &c.
Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei— «. Cicuts,
Ceratum conii — c. Citrinum, Ceratum resiiue.
Cbra'tuv Coni'i, Cera' turn Cieu^ta* (JJug.
fonii ftjy eetaeoi Jij, cerm Mte Jiij.) A for-
mula in Bartholomew's Hospital : occasionally
applied to cancerous, scrofulous sores, &c.
Cbaatuv Epvloticum, Cerate of calamine.
Ceratum Gale'ni, Cera' turn album, C re-
frig**erans Gale'ni, Ungiun'tum cera'tum, U,
amygdaii'nnmy Z7. simplex, Emplas'trum ad
fontic'ulosy O^lso-eera'tum aqud euhac'tum. Cold
Cream, ( F.) Cirat Uane ou de ^alibn. ( White
wax 4 parts ; oil of sweet almonds 16 parts ; add,
when melted, water or rose water 12 parts. Ph.
P.) A mild application to chaps, &c.
Ceratum Labialb Rubbum, Cerate for the
lips-— c. Lapidis calaminaris. Cerate of calamine
^-c. Lithargjri acetati compositum, Ceratum
piumhi compositum— c. Eytts, Cerate of can-
tharides — c. Mercuriale, Ungnentum hydrar-
gyri— c. Picatum, Pisselseum.
Cbratitm Plumbi Compos'itum, Cert^tnm
Lithar^gyri Aeeta'ti Compos'itum, Ooulard's
Ointment, Cera'tum suhaeeta'ti plumbi mediea^-
tmm, C. Plumbi Suhaeetaftis (Ph. U. S.), Cera'-
tum Satur'niy Compound Lead CercUe, Gou-
lard*9 Cerate, (F.) Cirat de Goulard, C. de
Plomb eomposi. (Liq* plumb, subaeet, Jiiss,
term JIaves, ^iv, ol. oliv, ^iz, camphor a ^w.
Ph. U. S.) Its Tirtues are the same as the
next.
Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, Vngtien'-
turn Ceru/sa Aeeta'tse, Cerate of Suj eraeetate
or Sugar of Lead, Cera^tum Plumbi Aeeta'tis,
Unguentum Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de
sur acetate de Plomb, {^Acetate of lead 3ij, whue
wax ^ij, olive oil ftss.) Cooling and astringent.
Cbratum Refrioeramb Gai^eni, Ceratum
Galeni.
Ceratum Hesi'na, C. Resi'nst Jlavst-, C eit'^
rinum, Unguen'tum basiVieon Jlavum, Ting,
Kes^natjbtvte, Ung, Resino'sum, Re$i7i Cerate
or Ointment, Yellow Basiticon, Basil'icon
Ointment, {Resin, fav., ,^v. Cerm Jlav,, §ij;
Adipie .^▼iij, Ph. U. S.) A stimulating appli-
eation to old ulcers, he. Digestive.
Dr. Smellome's OifUmerafor the Epes con-
•ista of finely powdered verdigris ^bb, rubhed
with oil, and then mixed with an ounce of eera-
Ceratum Resi'hs Compos'itum, Coufpound
Resin Cerate, {Resin,, Sevi, Cermfla/vcs, Aft Aj ;
TertUnik,, Ibss. Ol, Lini, Oss. Melt together,
strain through linen, and stir till cool. Ph.
U. S.)
Ceratum Sabi'ivji, Unguentum Sabinm, Sa*
vine Cerate (F.) Cirat de Sabine, {Savifte in
powder, 5ij. Resin Cerate Ibj. Ph. U. 8.) Irri-
tative, < drawing.' Used in the saooe cases as
the cerate of caintharides.
Ceratum Sapo'nis, Soap Cerate, (F.) drat
de Smfon {Liq, Plumb, subacetat,, Oij, Savon,,
StJ; C*^^ ^^9 i^9 ^^- oliva, 6i. Boil the
solution of snbacetate of lead with tne soap over
1 slow fire to the consistence of honey, then
transfer to a waier hath, and evaporate until all
the moisture is dissipated; lastly, add the wax,
previously melted with the oil, and mix. — Ph.
U.S.) It is applied in cases of sprains or frac-
tures.
Ceratum Saturki, Ceratum Plumbi com-
18
positam— ^. Simplex, Ceratum cetacei, Cerate
simple — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — c.
Subacetati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum plumbi
compositum— c. Tetrai)harmacum, Pisselaeum
— c. Carbonatis zinci impuri, Cerate of cala-
mine.
CERAUOTON, from xtQowof, 'thunder,' «a
thunderbolt.' Jxipis fvlmin'eus, A kind of
stone, which was believed to be formed during
thunder; and to be possessed of the power of
inducing sleep, and numerous other prophylactic
virtues. It was rubbed on the knee, breast,
&c. in swellings of those parts.
CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini.
CERCA'RIA. A genus of agastric, infusory
animalcules, one of the most curious of which
inhabits the tartar Of the teeth. The sperma-
tozoa are presumed by some to belong to this
genus.
CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus.
CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus.
CERCHNUS, Cerehnas'mus, Cerehnum,
Cerehno'ma, from xi^jryM, *1 render hoarse.'
A rough voice produced by hoarseness. See
Rattle.
CER'CIS, Kf^xic. A sort of pestle for re-
ducing substances to powder. Also, the radius
or small bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius.
CERCLE, Circulus — 0. de la Choroide,
Ciliary ligament — e, Ciliaire, Ciliary ligament.
CERCO'SIS, from)tfX(»e(, <aUil.' Men'tula
mulitt'bris, the Clit'oris, Some, authors have
employed the word synonymously with nym-
phomania and elongation of the clitoris; and
with Polypus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cereo'sit of
Sauvages.
Cercosis Externa, Clitorism.
CEREA, Cerumen.
CEREA'LI A, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.'
(F.) Cir sales {Plantes,) The cerealia are gra-
mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the
nourishment of man : — as wheat, barley, rye,
&c. At times, the same term is applied to
some of the leguminous plants.
CEREBARIA, Carebaria.
CEREBELXA URl'NA. Urine of a whitish
appearance, of the colour of the brain, from
which Paracelsus thought he could distinguish
diseases of that organ.
• CEREBELLrxIS, badly formed from cere-
bellum, and itis, denoting inflammation. Parens
eephali'tisjlnfiammaftio eerebel'li, Infiammatioa
of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or en*
cephalitis.
CEREBEL'LOUS, CerebelWsus, from eere^
beUum, *the little brain.' (F.) Cerebelleux.
Chaussieur has given this epithet to the vessels
of the cerebellum. These are three in number |
two of which are inferior : the larger, inferior
eerebelli, which arises from the posterior cere*
bral or vertebral j and the smaller, whose ex-
istence is not constant, from the meso-cef^lie
or basilary-: — ^the third, called. A, eeribelleuee
supirieure {superior eerebelli,) is also a branch
of the basilary.
Cerebel'lous Ap'oplext, Apoplex'ia eere*
bello'sa : apoplexy of the cerebellum.
CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum;
C, parvum, Appen'dix ad cer'ebrum, Cer'ebrum
poste'rius, Enera'nion, Enera'nis, Epenera'niey
Parencepkalis, Pareneeph'alus, Encephal'ium,
! Sneeph'alus opis'thius, Mierencepha'lium, Mi»
' crencepk'alum, Little brain, (^F.) Cervelet, A
OEBSBllAL
170
CEREFOLIUM
portion oTtlie ttedidlAry mm, contained in the
cavity of the cnuiiom. It fills the lower occi-
pital foettB below the tentorium, and embraces
the tuber annulare and medulla. It is com-
posed, like the brain, of Tcsicular and medullary
substance, arranged in lamine, as' it were; so
that, when a section is made of it, it has an ar-
borescent appearance, called Arbor vitm. The
cerebellum is divided into two lobss or A«m»-
s^ksrss or lateral mant^ and each lobe is again
subdivided into Montiduli or Lobuies, In the
cerebellum are to be observed the Crura etr*'
b€llif the fourth venirich, the vaivula magna
etrebri, the frofuus v$rmUular§»f superior and
inferior, &c.
CER'EBRAL, C€r$hra'li$y (F.) Ciribrai,
ftom eerobrum^ * the brain.' Belonging to the
brain, and similar to brain.
CBaaBEAL Apophysis, Pineal gland.
Cbsxbbal Aa^TxaiKS are three on each side :
— the anUrior or artery of th» rorpus calhmm,
and the middh, arte'ria Sflvia'na, are fur-
nished by the internal carotid :— the posterior
or pontoAor and inforior artory of the brain, A.
profunda cerebri, arises from the vertebral.
Chaussier calls these arteries iobaires, because
they correspond with the anterior, middle, and
posterior lobes, whilst he calls the trunks,
whence they originate, corebral.
Cerssbai. Nbrvbs are those which arise
within the cranium, all of which, perhaps,
with the exception of the olfactory, originate
from the medulla oblongata. See Nerves.
In JPatholory, an affection is called cerebral^
which specially occupies the brain. Fikvre
ceribraUy Cerebral fever, is a variety in which
the iMHid is much affected.
CEREBRIFORM, Encephaloid.
CEREBRO-MAL ACIA, MolUties cerebri.
CEREBRO - SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal — c.
Axis, see Encephalon.
CEREBRO-SPINANTS, Narcotics.
CER'EBRUM or CEREOBRUM. The brum.
(F.) Cerveau, Cervelle. This term is some-
times applied to the whole of the contents of
the cranium : at others to the upper portion; —
the posterior and inferior being called cerebel-
lum. The brain, properly so called, extends
from the os frontis to the superior occipital fos-
se. Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar vaults :
behind this, on the middle fosaa of the base of
the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the tentori-
um rorebello 8uper'ea:tewum. Ths upper turf aee
is divided by a deep median cleft (^Sdsture tii-
terlobaire,—Ch.) into two halves, called Aem»-
tpkoret^ which are united at the base by the
corput eallotum. At its surface are numerous
rowvolutionM. The inferior eurfare exhibits,
f^om before to behind, three lobes, distinguished
into anteriof , middle, and poftsrior. The nud-
dle is separated from the anterior hy ihe/hsure
of Sylvius ; and ftom the posterior, by a shal-
low fbrrow which corresponds to the upper
portion of the part petrosa, Tnternallf, the
brain has, on the median line, the corpus eallo-
tum, septum luridim, fornix, pineal gland, and
third ventrirle:—9ind laterally, the lateral ««n-
tricles, in which are the corpora striata, optie
thalami, &c. It is contained in a triple enve-
lope, (see Meninges.) Its texture is pulpy,
and varies according to age. Two substances
may be distingtldshed in it— the white, medulla-
ry 01 JSbrous — wttduU'a etr^thi, and the eortital.
timoriticut, vetieuiar, or gray. The former ii
white I and occupies all the interior and btie
of the brain. The latter is grayish and softer.
It is situate particularly at the sur&ce of the
organ.
The brain receives several arterial veaseh,
furnished by the internal carotid and vertebral.
Its veins end in the sinuses. It is the material
organ of the mental and moral manifestatiom.
According to Gall, each part is the special mt
oi one of those faculties, and the brain and cer^
bellum, inclusive, are called by him ** the ner-
vous system of the msntal faculties.*' Tbe
following table, from Haller and Cuvier, exhi-
bits the proportion between the mass of the
brain and that of the body in man and in aai-
AehildGfnyears(H4LLBB) > loa
Adult (Hallbb) 1-36
(From lb.2,3abtolb.3,3;|.4oi.
Sobkhbriho.)
GiblMO (3miim) 1-48
Sspitfoa fifBBl-41 tol-9«
Ape from 1-48 to I-S4
Baboon fiom 1-104 to 1^
Lemur Jrana IM toUi
B^HVetpertiiia /foctmU) .1-95
Mole..... 1-36
Bear - .1-806
Hedgehog 1-168
Fox I'M
Wolf. , IMO
Beafor 1-fflO
Hare \^a»
Rabbit 1.140 to 1-199
Rat 1-76
Mouce 1-43
Wild Boar 1-678
bomeslicdo 141StoMI2
Elephant (7 to 1>. 10) 1-500
BtagTTV.. 1«0
Roebuck Oroong) 1-84
Sheep l«lloM»
Ox... 1-76U to 1.860
Calf. 1-819
HoiSB 1-700 to 1400
A« 1-154
DolphiB 1-36,1.86, 1.00,1108
EagleT. IW)
Goose 1360
Cock 1-85
Canaiy-biid M4
Humming-binl Ml
Turds 1-5688
Tortoise • !-88<0
Frog M78
Shark 18496
Fike 1-1306
Caip !•«»
The substance of the nerTons system hM
been analyzed by Yanquelin, and found to coB-
tain water t^.OO; white iktty matter 4.63; red
fktty matter, called eertbrino, 0.70; osmasome,
1.1^; albumen, 7.00; phos^ras, 1.50; sal-
phur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and
magnesia, 5.15.
CaasBRUM Abdosiitau, Solar plexus-— «•
Elongatum, Medulla oblongata — e. Parvum,
Cerebellum — c. Posterius, Cerebellum.
CEREFOLIUM, Scandix eerefolium— c-
Hispanicum, Chsrophyllum odoratam— e. Syl-
Testre, Chnrophyllum sylvestre.
CERELiBaM
171
CERTDt
CBLBLJBUUy Cento.
CEREOLUS, Bougis.
CERERISIA, Cerevim.
CEREUM MEDICATUM,
CEREUS, B€mgi§.
CEREYISIA, qoaii Cerfia'ta^ C^rvufda^
Ct'lto, ZftkmMf Zftkwm^ Liquor Cor'origy Vinum
kardsm'ieum, Birm^ Bryton^ ^«^«vi B^rUff
VMM, from Ceres, *eoni;' whence it is made.
AU iAlUty) Bmt, PtfTy (F.) JEW^, Cst^oite.
These fluids are dnink by the inhabitmnts of
many conntriee, habitually, and in Great Bri-
tain more than in others. They are nourishing,
but not very easy of digestion. The old dis-
peoaatories contain numerous medicated, ales,
which a re no lo nger in use.
CERFEUILy Scandiz cerefolium— e. JKti*-
f«e» Cheney Hum odoratom— -c. Baumagty
dynophTllnm sylvestre.
CERION, Favus, Porrigo fiiTOsa.
CARISIBRy Pnmos ceiasus— ^. d Orapp$$,
'. d4 VirgimUy Prunns Yirgin-
CSRNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C.
is a parish in the diocess of St. Flour, Upper
AnTctgne^ Fiance. The water is a chalybeate.
It is called Eau du Cambon.
CERNOS, Capistrum.
CERO£^G, Cerou'niy or CirvMi'niy Cerolt'
ffnei, from iri}c«c, 'wax,' and •iv«r, * wine.' A
plaster composed of ytlUm «o«, muuon muty
pitch, Burgumdy piteky BoU Armtniaty 7%ms
and wins. It was used as a strengthening
phater. Sometimes, it contained neither wax
CEROBIA, Cerate.
CEROMANTPA, from ki^oc, 'wax/ and
00mr9im, 'divination.' The art of foretelling
the lotore, from the ficnrea which melted wax
■SBiiiHfH, whoa suffered to drop on the surihce
of water.
CERONIUM, Cerate.
CEROPIS'SUS, from kw«c, « wax,' and rj^«,
'pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of
pitch and wax.
CEROSyCera.
CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis.
CEROTUM, Cerate.
CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba.
CERUA, Ricinis communis.
CEEU'M£N,fromr«ra,<wax.' CsmfrnmAu'-
fimmtC/r^myAuriumSordUySordir'uim au'rium,
Xarmor^tm Au'riumy Cymtiiy Csru'wunout
HwrnoTy Cyj/Molisy Fu'ga^yiF .)Cire du OrnlUt.
A name given to the unctuous humour, similar
to wax in its physical properties, which is met
with in the meatwi auditoriiu 9xtemm9. It is
secreted by follicles, situate beneath the mem-
bnne linmg the meatus. It lubricates the
meatoB, preserves the suppleness of the lining
membrane, prevente Ae introduction of bodies
floating in the atmosphere, and by ite bitterness
and unctoousness prevente inaecte from pene-
tiatiag.
^RU'MINOUS, Cannmf}o'#«#, (F.) Ctru-
mimtust. Relating to oerumen.
CsavMinous Glardb, Cem^minau* RUidUsy
(F.) Glandss eirumiiuusM on FolHeuU$ eiru-
mimnu4s. Glands or follicles, which secrete
the cerumen.
CERUSSA ACETATA,Plumbisapefaeatas
-^. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi snbcaibon a s e.
Alba Noriea, Plumbi snbcarbonaa e. Piymmi-
Aran, Plumbi anbearbonis c. Serpenteria, tee
Arum maculatum.
CERUSSE, Plumbi subearbonas.
CERUS'SEA URPNA. Terms used by P^
laeektts for the urine, when of a colour like
CERVARI A ALBA, Laserpitium latifeliiim.
CERVEAUy Cerebrum.
CERVELETy Cerebellum.
CERVELLEy Cerebrum.
CERYI ELAPHI CORNU, Coma cervi, tee
Cervus.
CERYICAL, CfitieafUsy ftcfm eervtm, <the
back of the neck.' Track$*iiaM, Every thii^
Cbrvioal Aa^EiBS are three in numb
1. The aicmdimgy mnt^riary or swperJUied, a
branch of the inferior thyroid, distributed to
the scaleni muscles and integumenta. 3. The
trmuvsrsB (C«rvf«0-«0aptt/«»r»—<Ch.,) a bianch
of the axillary artery, or of the subclavian: db-
tributed to the l^aior seapul^y trapegiu$y &c.
3. The posterior or profoundy A, transversafHs
colli Traehelo-oormeale — Ch.) a branch of t^
subclavian, distributed to the deep-seated mus-
cles on the anterior and posterior parte of the
neck. See, also, Princeps Cervicis (arteria.)
CxRVicAL Gan'ouoms. The three gaogUoos
of the great sympathetic. The oervieal gUmd*
or lymphatic ghmds of the neck are, also, ao
called.
CaaviCAL Lio'AifxaTS. These are two in
number. 1. The antoriory extending from the
basilary process of the occipital bone to the
anterior part of the first cervical vertebra. 9.
The posterior or supraspinonsy Ligaw ttntm rn
Nu'ekety which extends from the outer occipital
protuberance to the spinous process of tibe
seventh cervical vertebm. In animals with
laige heads it is very strong.
CaaviCAL Nxavas are eight in number^ en
each side; and form the eight cervical poire y
which are the first given off from the spinal
CsaviCAZ. Plbxus, Plexue TraehHo-eoutem'
tone (Ch.) The nervous net-work, formed by
the anterior branches of the first three cervital
nerves, above the posterior scalenas muscle,
and at the outer side of the pneumogastric nerve,
carotid arter^, and jugular vein.
CXBVICAZ* RBOIOll,MRTBaiOK, Dxxp, jPrt-
ver'tebrcU region. The region of the neck, oc-
cupied by t&ee paira of muscles placed imme-
diatelv in front of the cervical and three supe-
rior oorsal vertebrsB— viz.! the rectn capitis
anticus major, the rectus capitis antieus mmor,
and longus colli; — hence termed prevertebre^
muaclee,
CaaviCAL Yams have nearly the same distri-
bution as the arteries.
CsavicAL Yxa'raBas. The first seven vet-
tebraB of the spine.
CERYICALI8 DESCENDENS^ see Saeio-
lumbalis.
CERYICARIA, Campanula trachelium.
CERVTCIDORBOSQAPULAIRBRhom-
boideus— «. JDorMO^eoetaly Serratus posticus M-
Serior — e, Doreo-mostoXdien et dom^tntchOiomy
plenius — 0. Jlfa«teWf#f», Splenius.
CERYISIA, Cerevisia.
CERY1SPINA, Rhamnus.
CERYIX, CoUmny (q. v.) The neck. A
CEBYOJSB
179
CHAAimCELUM
CsftTix OvmrAy Toiticollii— e. Uteri, Col-
lum uteri.
CERVOJSE, CereTiaia.
CERVUS, Cerva. Th« born of the C^nms
Bl'aphugf c^led Comu, Cervi El'apki Commy
Cemu Csrvi'num, Hartshorn, <F.J Comg dt
Mr/, containe 37 puts of gelatin in tne 1 00. A
jelly made from the shavings is emollient and
nutritive.
The Staff t PizxUy Pria'jmi Cervi, was once
considered to be aphrodiaiac. Doee, 9J to jj
in powder.
Caavx78AL'0B8. The EU,(F.)Slan. The
hoof of this animal was anciently used as an
anti-epileptic. The animal, it ymM asserted,
waa subject to attacks of epilepsy, and always
cared them by patting its hoof into the ear.
The hoof waa also worn as an amulet.
Comu Ustum, Burnt HaHshomy baa been
used as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of
fkospkat$, and only one of carbonaie of lune. It
ia, therefore, not of much use.
ClSARIENNE OPJiRATJON, Cinsarean
section. ^
CESSATIO MEN^UM, Amenorrhcea.
CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from be-
tooy, <xtrT#or, < beCony.')
CESTRON, Betonica officinalis.
CETA'CEUM,fromiiirT«*»*»whalc.* Album
Cetif Adipote'ra eeto'tay Sptrmaeet^i^ (F.) Blane
de Balein»y Cetine, Adipocire de Baieine, An
inodorous, insipid, white, crystalliEed, friable,
unctuous substance, obtained from the brain of
the Phfse'ter Maeroeepk'alus or Spenuaesti
Whale, and other varieties of whale. S. g.
.9433: melts at 112^. It is demulcent and
emollient, and has been given in coughs and
dysentery, but is mostly used in ointments.
Dose, 2ss to ziss rubbed up with sugar or egg.
CETERACH OFFICINARUM, Asplenium
ceterach.
CJtTINE, Cetaceum.
CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandi-
cos.
CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus.
CEVADILLA HISPANORUM, Veiatrum
sabadilla.
CEVADJLLE, Yeratrum sabadilhu
CHAA, Thea.
CIL£REFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium.
CHJ£ROPHYLXUM, from ;t«e»» '^ ^^
joice,' and tpvllov, * a leaf.'
CHiBROPHTL'LUx OdokaTum, Scondix Od0^
raUay Myrrhit Odora'ta, CerefeUium Hispan*-
ieumy 8uM€t Cie^ely, (F.) CerfsuU musquie oo
d^Etpagffy has the smell of aniseed, and is cul-
tivated on account of its aromatic properties.
Charophtl'lum Stlvss'tre, Cicuta'ria,
Chmrophyl'lum Tem'ulumy Csrtfo'liumSylvts*-
tr€. Bastard Hemloek, Wild Chsrvil or Cow-
w$dy (F.) Csrfndl tauvagSy Psrsil d'AnSy is
a slightly fetid aromatic; but is not used.
Chjbbopbtllum TuniLTTV, Charoi^yllum
sylvestre.
CHiETE, Capillos.
CHAFING, Erythe'ma Int$rtri'go, IntBrtri*-
go, Parairirn'ma, Paratrips*is, Diatrim'ma,
Mtri'tay Attrit"io, from iehauffor, <to heat.'
Fret, erosions of the skin. Attri'tusy(F.)£ehauf'
fomtmsy Aoorehures. The red excoriations which
oeenr in consequence of the friction of parts, or
between the folds of the skin, especially in fat or
neglected children. Washing with cold wtter
anddusting with hair powder is the beat pnveii-
tive. When occurring between the nates and in
the region of the perinsum, from long wakking,
XnNrtri*go pod'idsy Proetal'gia intortrigiuo'say
it ia vulgarly designated by the French EmttO'
fosson,
CHAIRy Flesh.
CHAISE PERCAEy Laaannm.
CHALASIS, Rekxation.
CHALA8MU8, Relaxation.
CHALASTICUS, from /«Aa»,< I relax.' A
medicine proper for removing rigidity of the
fibrea.-- Galen. An emollient or relaxant, (q. v.)
CHAL'AZA, Chala'giouy Chala'tnumy Cha-
loMo'sisy Poro'sisy Grando, HaUy (F.) OrUsy
Oravells. Certain hard, round, tranaparcat tn-
mours, developed in different parts of the body,
more especially in the substance of the eyeUdb.
Also, the Cicatricula, (q. v.)
CHALCANTHUM, Ferri solpfaaa— c Al-
bom, Zinci sulphas.
CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian.
CHALCITES, Colcothar.
CHALCOIDEUM, (os) Cuneiform boM.
CHALCOS, Cimrum, ^reolum.
CHALEXIR, Heat— <. Aors, see Acrid—*.
Animale, Animal heat — e, do$ Animauxy Heat.
CH ALEVES DUFOIEy Heat.
CUALINOPLASTY, ChaHnoplag'Hei; from
xaXtvfj <fr»nam,' <a bridle,' and nlaoomy 'I
form.' The operation for forming a new frsnom.
CHALK, Crete— <. Red, Rnbriea febriUs—
c. Stones, Calculi, arthritic.
CHAhYB'EATE^Chalyboa'tusyPorrugin'omo,
P$rrugino'susy Ferra'tus, Metrtia*lis, Porrufgi^
nousy Mar'tialy (F,)Ferruginoux; from chalyhsy
* iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron, con-
taining iron. Any medicine, into which iroB
enters, as ehaly beats ndxturs, piUsy watsroy &e.
See Waters, Mineral.
CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas.
CHALYBS, from Chalybss; a people of Pod-
tus, who dug iron out of the earth; A'ciosy Stssl»
The Proto-earburst of iron, (F.) Aeisr. As a
medicine, steel does not differ from iron.
Chaltbs Tartakizatus, Ferrum tartarin-
tum.
CHAMA, Cheme.
CHAMiEACTE, Sambucus ebulos.
CHAMiEBATOS, Fragaria.
CHAM^CEDRIS, Artemisia santonica.
CHAM^CISSUS, Glecoma hederacea.
CHAM^CLEMA, Glecoma hederacea.
CH AMiEGYP ARISSUS. ArtemUia santonica.
CHAM^DROPS, Teucrium chamaedrya.
CHAM^DRYlfTES. A wine, in which thi
Tsu^erium Chammdrys has been iniased.
CHAMiEDRYS, Teucrium Ch., Yeionica^
c. Incana maritima, Teucrium marum— c. Mi-
nor repens, Teucrium Ch. — c. Palostris, Teo-
crium scordinm— c. YnlgarU, Teucrium Ch.
CHAM^GEIRON, TussUago.
CHAMiELiEAGNUS, Myrica gale.
CHAMiELAlfTES. A wine impregnated
with Chamodsa, Daphni Alpi'na*
CHAMiELEA, Cneorum tricoccum.
CHAMELEON ALBUM, CarUna aeanlie.
CHAMiELEUCE, Tussilago.
CHAMiELINUM, Linum catharticom.
CHAM^MELUM, Anthemis nohilia— «.
Feetidam, Anthemis cotula^-c. Nobile, Anthe-
mis nobilis— c. Odoratum, Anthemis aobilkh—
c. Volgare, Matricaria chamomilhu
CHAMiiafORUH
173
CSASSE
CHAMiEMORUM, Tenerium chmivpitys,
BaboB chaimmoniB.
CHAMiEP£UC£, CampboTonnft Monspe-
CEAMJEPirVlWU VimJM. A wine,
ia which the leaves of the Chaima'fUft^ Tn»'-
mriwm Chama'oUysy h^ve been infused.
CHAMiEPITYS, Teucrium chamaBpitys^
c. AnthyliitSy Teucrium iva^-c. Moschate, Teu-
trium iva.
CHAM.£PLION, Erysimum.
CHAM^RAPH'ANUM, from yopioi, «on
the ground/ and Qm^wm^t <die radish.' So Pao^
los of JBgina calb iJie upper part of the root of
the^^Hna.
CHAMiE'ROPS SERRAT'ULAj^^awPa/-
iMito. A iarina ia prepared from the roots of
this plant, which ia used bj the Indians, in Flo-
rida, as diet
CHAMBAR, Magnesia.
CHAMBER, C<Mi»'€ra, (F.) Chambre, ThU
term is UMd in speaking of the eye, in which
there are two chambers, Cam'Brm oc'uli : — an
mU$r%or and a posterior; (F.) Chamhre anti-
rieurt et postirUur; The anterior is the space
between the cornea and the anterior part of the
iris: — the postoriory the space between the iris
sod anterior suriiftce of the crystalline. They
are filled with the aqueous humour, and com-
monieate by the opening in the pupil.
CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE
PILLS. This nostrum, recommended in scro-
fiila, and all inopurities of the blood, has been
analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of
ehmahmry etUpkur, sulphate, of lime, and a little
vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains.
CHAMBRE, Chamber.
CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa.
CHAICELEA, Daphne Alpina.
CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamo-
miUar-c. Dyers', Anthenus tinctoria— c. Ger-
man, Matricmria chamomilla— c. Spanish, An-
themia pyrethimn— «. Stinking, Anthenus co-
tnk— c. Wild, Ajithemis cotula.
CHAMOMILLA NOSTRAS, Matricaria
cbamomilla— c. Romana, Anthemis nobilis— e.
Spuria, Anthenus cotula.
CHAMP ACA, Michelia champaca.
CHAMPIGNON, Fungtt8--n0. de VApptsreil
dei Fractures, Clavariar-«. do Coueke, see Aga-
ric — e. de Malte, Cynomorion coccineum.
CHANCE LAGUA, Canchalagua.
CHANCRE, (F.) UUus eancro'sum, Uloue''
etUum eancro'sum, A sore, which arises from
the direct application of the venereal yirus;
hence it is almost always seated, in men, on
the penis. The French use the word Chanere,
ID popular language, for cancerous ulcers, the
malignant aphthe of children, fcc. Formerly,
the terms Carol* and Carries pudendo*rumwere
need for Tenereal pustules or sores on the parts
of geaeratioo.
CHANCREUX, Chanereuse, (F.) Canero'^
toe, Cardm/dos. Having the nature of chancre,
or of cancer.
Bouton Ck^noreux. A small tumour of a
cancerous nature, which makes its appearance
on the lace — most frequently on the upper Up^
Ifoli me tangore.
CHANT DES ARTkRES SiJUmmU mo-
dnld.
CHANVRE, Cannabis sativa^-^. Indien,
Baagoe,
CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant,
by this word, the art of predicting the future
from observation of the air. The word Chaos
was used by Paracelsus for the air; (jutftuo,
< divination.')
CHAOSDA, Plague.
CHAPERON DB MOINE, Aconitum na-'
pellus.
CHAPPETONADE, (F.) Vom'itus rabio'-
sus. Vomiting accompanied by furious deli-
rium, attacking strangers in hot countries.
CHAR'ACTER, x*Q»^'^W9 ' A mark or im-
pression.' (F.) Caraethe, In Pathology it it
used synonymonsly with stamp or appearance.
We say,<< A disease is of an unfavorable cha-
racter," ** The prevailing epidemic has a bi-
lious character," &c. In Mental Philoaophf
it means — ^that which distinguishes one indi-
vidual from another, as regards his understand-
ing and passions.
CHARAa)RIUS. .£lian thus calls a bird,
which was reputed to cure jaundice. The word
now means the plover.
CHARANTIA, Momordica ebteritmi.
CHAR BON, Anthrax carbo.
CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid.
CHARCOAL, Carbo-H:. Animal, Carba
animalis.
CHARDON AXTX JnES, Onopordium
acanthium — e, BbrUt, Centaurea benedictsr-c.
d Bonnetier, Dipsacus ftillonum — c. AtoiUy
Centaurea calcitrapa — e, d Foulon, Dipsacus
friUonum — t. Himorrhoidtd, Cirsium arvense —
e. Marie, Carduus Marianus-~«. Roland, Er3m-
gium campestre.
CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. eiarlare, <to talk
much;' Cireula^tor, Cireumfora'neue, Pme-
deu^tes, Pseudomed^ieus, Agyr^ta, Anacffc'leon,
A Quad, an Empirical Pretender, an Eimp'irie,
Originally, one who went frx>m place to place to
sell any medicine, to which he attributed mar-
vellous properties. By extension— any indivi-
dual, who endeavors to deceive the public by
passing himself off as more skilful than he re-
ally is. According to Manage, the word
comes from eireulatanus, a corruption of drew
later.
CHAR^LATANRT, Agfr'Ha, Banaufsia,
the conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.)
Charlatanerie, Charlatamsme, Quackery, An-
piT%etsa*»
CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
CHARM, Lat. Carmen, whence comes the
Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charms, with the same
signification. Canti^tio,Ineantamen'tum, Trick.
A sort of magic, or superstitious practice, by
which it was believed, that individuals might
be struck with sickness or death, or be restored
to health.
CHARNTkRE, Ginglymus.
CHARNU, Cameous.
CHARPIE, Linteum — e. Brute, see Linteam
*—€, Rapie, see Linteum.
CHARTA YIRGINEA, Amnios.
CHARTRE, Tabes raesenterica.
CHA3 (F.) Ae(ts fora'men. The eye of a
needle. Sometimes, this opening is near the
point of the instrument, as in the ligature
needle.
CHASME, Yawning.
CHASPE, Variola.
CHAS8E (F.) Manu'brium. A kind of
handle composied of two moveable lamina of
CBASaiS
1T4
CHBIU>PLAmCl
boAi ilitU, or ivorjy luited only «C tke «itre-
miiff which holds the bUdo of the iMtnunenit,
^i«s in the common hleoding knoet.
CHASSIS (F.)> Xm«» X«jva, Gkmm,
GUme, Ora'mia, Ltmos'itM ; the gmm #/ <A«
2«. A seboceoiM homonr, oeereted mainljr hy
filUelei of Meibomiiis» which tonietiiiiee
(inet the ejelidfl together.
CBASSIEUX (f.) Up^; coTOred with
CSI«#»#~afl Pattpikru eka§si&us0a.
CHASTE TREE, Yitez.
chatJigns, mo F«r»
i^&w, Trape
CKATAiGNIER COMMUN^ Foguo cm-
I— «. Ntdn^ Fagot caetaneopomilo.
CHATEAU-LANDON, WATERS OF. A
town three leagues from Nemoors, in Fiance.
The waters contain alum and iron.
CHATEAU-SALINS; a town in the depart-
ment of La-Meurthe, Franco. The waters
contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of lime end
angnesia, and chlorides of magnesium and so-
dium.
CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Chsteldon is in the department of Por-de-
Ddme, France. The waters contain carbonic
acid and iron.
CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A Tillage in France, in the demrtment
PuT-de-Dome, near which thero are ire therr
mii and acidulous springs. Temperaturoy 86^
Fahrenheit.
CHATON (F.), « a husk.' In pathology, it
moans ^fwnda or carity formed by the irregu-
lar or Ao«r-Wa«v coturaaion of the uterus, in
which the ]^acenta is often retained or eneha^
ttmimi after the birth of the child. It is detect-
ed by passing the fingers akMig the cord as fiv
ss the part which is contracted, when the pla-
eenta will not be discorerable.
The treatment consists in relaxing by a large
dsoo of an opiate, then passing the fingers
ahmg the cord, and gradually dilating the open-
ing &roQgh which it passes, until it permits
the hand to go through. The placenta must
then be grasped and gently withdrawn.
CHilTOi^, Vaginal process.
CHATONNJt, CJiLCUL, (F.) Calatlut in-
•mrfra'tmt Emeytfttd Cai*ndu»y Calcul m»-
ijfHi. • A urinary calculus, adherent to the in-
ner surface of the bladder, so that it is inmx>T-
aUe, and cannot pass to the different parts of
that organ. This happens when calculi form
in some natural or accidental cavitv of the
bladder; or when the organ, by ulceration,
S>es rise to fungi, which surround the calcu-
s; or when it is lodged in the orifice of the
ureter or nrethnu
CHATONNA, PLACENTA, (P.) The
placenta when retained as above described.
See Ckaton.
CB/iTONHEMENT, (F.) Incaretri^tio,
CkaionnsnuHt du plmcmU»y EniytUmtnt* —
Hour-glass contraction of the uterus. See
Ckatim, •
CHATOVILLEMENT, (F.) This word
sometimes means the action of (»ei/*ii^ or titil-
ktion iTUiila'tioy) and, at others, the seneation
which giyes rise to the action {PrurHtuty) Itch>
ing.
CBJtrA, Castratns.
CBJTRURE^ Castration.
CHAUDEBOURO, MINERAL WATERS
09. C.isthMoqwsrtersofaleagQoftwnTlii-
onville in France. The waters conUtn inm»
sulphate of lime, sulphate of I
borate of lime.
CBAUDEPISSEp OoBorrhdea
Cfde«9 Oooorrhsa cordsta--^. i ^ mkU d^ms im
Bourses, Hernia humoralis»
CHAUI>£S-AIGUe8,'BfINERAL WA-
TERS OF« A small town in the department
of Cantal, France, where there is a number ef
■aline springs containing carhonie acid, carbo-
nate of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temp.
190» Fshrenheit.
CBAUFFOm (F.yidnimm CaUfmef'rimmu
According to the AradimU, a warmed ek^
used either ibr the purpose of warming a pa-
tient, or to apply to a fesoale recently deliverad.
CBAUSSEy (F.) CkaHS*4 d'Bi pp at r m U,
Maneke d^Hippoerat; Man'ica Bif ^otfrmt U y
Man'tea, Bippocrami* Sl—v4. A eomcal bag,
made of flannel, for straining liquids.
CBA US8E-TRAPPE,CeBtMxam caldtrapo.
CBAUVETi, Calvities.
CBAUXyCtlx—e. a»db/on«r« ^,CaleiacUs.
ridum^-«. Cktorure d4, Calcis chloridnm — «.
BffdreckUmu d; Calcis mnrias-^. Bpdrttd-
fax$ ds, Calcis sulphuretnm— «. Murimu dt^
Calcis mnrisi r. Muriiiu osdgini de, Caleb
chloridum— e. Mnri^U twroxigini de, Caleis
chloridura — e. O^Bithiorwf d4, Calcis chlorkfam
— <. Oximttfimu de, Calcis cUoridum-^. Psm,
cralz Tiva.
CHECKER'^BERRT, Arbnins uTa uni.
CHEEK, Gena.
CHEESE, Sax. cero, (L.) Ca'«s««, Tpros,
P4€ti, (F.) Frosmagt. An aliment, prepared
from tiie caseous and oleaginous parts of milk.
Fresh cheeses owe their chief miedical propert i es
to the immediate principle, essentially cheesy,
to which the name a^seum or ca'$*in has been
applied. Those, which have been recently
salted, ere digested .with comparative IhcLlity.
The flavour of cheese is owing to an ammonia-
cal caseate. On the whole, cheese itself is not
easy of digestion, althongh it may stimulate tiie
stomach to greater exertion, and thus aid in the
digestion of other substances.
CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum.
CHEE'SY, Casea'Hus, Casso'ms, J^rv'dts,
(F.) CagnuB ou Catieum, Having the nature oC
cheese.
CBEP, Bandage (tail.)
CHEILITIS, Ckili'Hsi ttom /fao^, <a lip.'
Inflammation of the lip. See Ohilon.
CHEILOC'ACE, from ji<Ji««, <a lip,' and
soKA^^ <evil.' LahrUui'dnm, A disease, cha-
racterized, it is said, by swelling, indnratioB,
and sUght redness of the lips without inflam-
mation; reputed, but without any authority, to
be common in Englsnd and Scotland, i
children. Also, the thickness of the upper
of scrofblous children. See
Cancer aquaticus.
CHEILOCARCmO^A, from /va^c, <a lip,'
and K«{KfrfH/(ta, * cancer.' Cancer of the Up,
CHEILOMALACIA, Caneor aquaticos, 8lo-
CHRILON, Chilon.
CHEILON'CUS, Chnlopky*fma, from jiix«(,
* lip,' and ayMc, < swelling.' A swelling of the
lip.
CHEILOPHTMA, Cheiloncus.
CHEILOPLASTICfi, CkiUplmMei, fiwn
0HBIL06
19ft
OHSNOCOPBUS
29tU<9 *hp,* and nx^rrfttt^ *§ormiag.* -The
•ptfmtion for an artificial lip.
CHEILOS, Lip.
CHEIMA, CoM.
CHEIMETLON, Chilbtain.
CH£IMIA> Rigor.
CHEIR, Manus.
CHEIRAN^HUS CHEIRI, from ^tiQ, < the
hud,' and m^botf 'ilower.' The tygtematic
name of the Common TdUw Wall Fhttery Vi'-
•la Ufteoy Lnce^Um It^fum, Jutyn, Chnrit (F.)
G10JU9 OQ ViolUr jaunt, TIm flowers hare
been esteemed nervine* narcotic, and deob-,
strncnt.
CHEIRAF^IA. The action of mbbing or
sciatcbingy from rif{, * the hand,' and anrm* * I
touch.' A troublesome sjrmptom in the itch.'
CHEIRIATER, Surgeon.
CHEIRISIlIA, Ckeiris'mut. The act of
touching:— handling. Any mannal operation.
CHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
CHEIRONOM'IA, Ckironom'iot from ^neo.
*yt*m, 'I esercise with the hands.' An exer-
cise, referred to bv Hippocrates, which con-
sisted in osing the bands, as in our exercise of
the domb-beUs.
CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus.
CHEIROSIS, Subaetio.
CHELA, CJUii. This word has several sig-
■ificatidos. CksUy a forked probe used for ex-
tracting polypi from the nose. Ch§l m chaps,
or cracks on the feet, organs of generation, «c.
Ckslm likewise means claws, especiaUy those
of tlie crab. See Cancrorum Cheke.
Cmkljb PALPBaaAauM, see Tarsus.
CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
CHELE, Chela.
CHjLUDOINE GRANDE, Chelidoatum
maios-— e. Petiu, Rsnunculus ficaria.
CHELIDON, /li'^t, the hollow at the bend
of die arm. Eirundo, (q. v.)
CHELIDONIA ROTUNBIFOLLA. MINOR,
Ranmcnhis ficaria.
CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba.
CBBunoHiuM Mxxns, from /iIi^mt, *a swal-
low,' becanse its flowering coincides with the
appearance of the swallow. Papafvsr ComUt^
ia'iwmy P. li^temwh Camrnam Cd'andiiu, Tuur-
warty (F.) Cki/idoina gramhy L'Adnir: Fa-
mUy^ PapaveracesB. Stx, %«#• Polyandria
Monogynia. The root and recent pUnt have
been considered aperient end diuretic. Exter-
nally, the juice has been employed in some cu-
Chsudomiuii Mimis, Ranunculus ficaria.
CHELIDONIUS LAPIS. A name aiven to
stones, which, it was pretended, existed in the
stomach of yonng swallows. They were for-
nmrly believed capable of curing epilepsy.
CHELOID. Cancroid.
CHEIXyNR, /ilwrir, <a tortoise.' An in-
strument for extending a limb ; so called, be-
cause in its slow motions, it resembled a tor-
toiscw— Oribasius. See Testndo.
CaxiiO'iii GnABUA, Common Snaie hmd,
TmrtU koadj TtirtU Uoow^, ShsllJIowir. An in-
digenous plant, 8$^. Syst, Didynamia angio-
mrmia; blossoming from Julj to November.
The leaves are bitter end tonic ; without any
tronatic smell, and with very little astringency.
CHELCyNIA MYDAS, Tho Qroon TartU.
This species of turtle abounds on the coast of
Florida. Itistheonesoprixedbytheepicujre.
CHELOmON, Chdo*fUnmy from r«l«rq. < a
tortoise,' from its resembling in shape thesheU
of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the
back. — Gorrsus. The scapula.
CHELONOPH'AGI, from /li^viii 'the tor-
toise,' and oar»> * I ^t.' An ancient name for
certain tribes, who dwelt on the ceasts of the
Red Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. —
Pliny, Diodorus of Sicily.
CHEL'SEA PEN'SIONER. An empirical
remedy for rheumatism and gout, sold under
this name. {Own guaiaty ;^, powdsred rA«-
^^^ ^^ii «''<«w of tartar JHfJiowors of sulpkur
gj, on4 nutmofy finely powdered : made into an
electuary with a pound of eUrifiod AoiMy.)
Dose two spoonfuls.
CHELTENHAM, MINERAL WATERS
OF. C. is a town in Gloucestershire, England,
nine miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of Lon-
don. Its water is one of the roost celebrated
natural purgatives in England. It is a saline,
acidulous chalybeate, and is much frequented.
Its main constituents are chloride of sodium,
sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic
acid and carbonate of iron.
CnLvaNHAN Salts. These are sometimes
made from the waters; at others, fectitiously.
The following is a formiria. Sodii ehlorid*^
magnes* $uljfiat^ sodm oulph., i& kj : dissolve,
filter, evaporate to dryness; then add Forri
Chzltbnham Watbe, Abtivicial, may be
made of Epsom salt, gr. xij, ironfUings, gr. j:
Oiatiber*s salt, giv t toatoTy 4 gallons ; impreg-
nated with the gas from marble powdor and sul-
pkurie aeid, ta lii.
CHELYS, Thorax.
CHELYS'CION, from x>^v^ 'the cbest.' A
short, dry cough.--Galen, Hippocr. Foesius.
CHEMI:, Chama, Chs'ramis, An ancient
measure, equivalent to about two teaspoon-
fuls.
CHEMEUTICE, Chymiatry.
CHEMIA, Chymistry.
CHEMIATER, Chymiater.
CHEMIATRIA, Chymiatria.
CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Cbymico-his-
tology.
CHEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist.
CHEMIST, Chymist.
CHEMISTRY, Chymistry.
CHEMO'SIS, from x^n, <an aperture,' or
from ^v/cof, <a bumour.' A name given to
ophthalmia, when the conjunctiva, surrounding
the cornea, forms a high ring, making the cor-
nea seem as it were at the bottom of a well.
By some,' it is used synonymously with opA-
tkalmia m^mbranarttm. See Ophthalmia.
CHEMOTICE, Chymistry.
CHEMOTICUS, Chymical.
CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Chenay is a town in France, two leagues from
Rheims. The waters are chalybeate.
CHENEy Quercus alba— 4. MaHn, Fueus
vesiculosus-^. P«eir, Teucrium chanuBdrya— e.
Vsrt, Ilex aquifolium.
OHkNEVlS, sea Cannabis sativa.
CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina.
CHENOCOPRUS, from xn*,*^ goose,' and
Kovpoc, <dung.' The dung of tkt goose is so
designated in some old PluLmiacopceias. It
was formerly employed as a febrifiige and diu-
retic.
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES 176 CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF
CHENOPOa)IUM AMBROSIOIDES, from
jrqf , * a goose,' and wf, ' a foot.' Botrys Mex-
iea'na^ Chsnopo'dium Mexiea'num^ Botrys^
AmhrosioVdBS Mexiea'na, Botrys ^meriea'na,
Artemit'ia Botrys, Mexico Tea, Spanish Tea,
(F.) Ansitine, Tki du Meadque, Ambrosio du
Mexique, The infusion was once drunk as tea.
It has been used in paralytic cases; and in the
United States is said to be used as an anthel-
mintic indiscriminatelj with Ch. anthelminti-
cam.
Chxnopo'divm Anthblvih'ticvm , Ckmopo*'
dium, Botrys imthoinun'tiea, Wormseed, Worm'
goosefoot, Wbrmseed gooeefoot, Jerutalom Oai
of America, Ooosefoot, Stinkwed, (F.) Ansk-
rMM anthelmintique, A» vermifuge. This plant
grows plentifully in the United States. The
fruit — Chefiopodium, (Ph. U. S.) — is much used
in cases of worms. Dose of the powder, from
a tea-opoonful to a table-spoonful or more. The
oil, O'lntm Chsnopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.) from 8 to
10 drons, is more frequently exhibited. It is
aft much used in America as the Semen Santon'^
iei with the English.
Cqenopo'dium Bonus Hs!f rz'cus, Chrysolaeh^-
anitm, MereuriaUis, Bonus Henri'cus, Tota
bona, Lap'athum unotuo'sum, Chenopo'dium,
Pes anseri'nus, English Mereuty, Allgood, An-
gular-leaved goosefoot, (F.) Anserine Bon
Honri, £pina^ sauvage. The leaves are
eiQollient, and have been applied to ulcere, &c.
It has also been considered refrigerant and ec-
coprotic.
Chbropo^tum Botrts, Botrys, Botrys vul-
ga'ris, Ambro'sia, Artsmis'ia Chenopo'dium,
At*riplex odora'ta, Atfriplex suav'eolens ; the'
Jerusalem Oak, (£ng.) (F.) Anshine Botrys,
possesses anthelmintic properties, and was once
given in diseases of the chest, palsy, &c. It is
ubeless.
CBEifOPonnTM FcBTiDUM, Chenopodium vul-
varia.
CHSROPonxuM (^iNOA, Quinua, A nutri-
tious, wholesome, and agreeable article of food
with the Peruvian. The leaves, before the
plant attains maturity, are eaten as spinach:
out the seeds are most generally used as food,
boiled in milk or broth, and sometimes cooked
with cheese and Spanish pepper.
Chxnopo'oivie Vui,va'eia, At*riplex fcitida,
Afriplexol'ida, Vulva'ria, Oaros*mum,Raphex,
Chenopo^dium Fa'tidum, Stinking Orach or
Ooosefoot, (F.) VulvairSy Arroehe puant. An-
serine fitide. The fetid smell has occasioned
it to be used as an antispasmodic and nervine.
CHEOPINA, Chopine.
CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria.
CHERAMIS, Cheme.
CHERBACHEM, Yeratrum album.
CHERBAS, Lettuce.
CHERMES, Kermes.
CHERNIBIUM, Urinal.
CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus— c. Tree,
red, Prunus cerasus— c. Tree, black, Prunus
avium— c. Tree, wild, Prunus Virginiana— c.
Water, Kirschwasser — c. Wild cluster, Prunus
padus— c. Winter, Physalis.
CHERSiE, FflBces.
CHERVIL, Seandix cerefolium--c. Wild,
Ch»rophyllam sylvestre.
CHESIS, from jriCtir, Ho go to stool.' A
more frequent desire to evacuate the bowels*
CHEST, Thorax.
CHESTNUT TREE, Fagns castanea.
CHEVAUCHEMENT, (F.) Os'num nr-
perposi"tio vel equita'tio, ParaHax'is, Faral-
lag'ma. The riding of one bone over another
after fracture, giving rite to shortening of the
limb. See Riding of Bones.
CHEVELURE, Scalp.
CHEVESTRE, Chevhre, Capis'trum, from
caput, ' the head.' A bandage, applied round
the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the
lower jaw. According to the mode in which
it is made, ift is called simple, double, oblique,
&e.
CHEVEU, Capillus.
CHEVILLE DUPIED, Malleolus.
CHkVRE-FEUILLE, Lonicera periclyme-
num.
CHEZANAN'CE,from /itoi^'I go to stool,'
and a»*YKfi, < necessity.' An ointment com-
posed of honey and alum, and rubbed on the
anus to occasion evacuations. — Paulus of iEgina.
CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island
where it was found. A kind of white earth,
formerly used for burns.— Galen.
CHI'ACUM COLLYRIUM. A coUyrium
consisting of several drugs and Chian wine^-
Paulus of ^gina.
CHIADUS, Furunculns.
CHI AS'MUS, Chias'ma, Chiasm,from z^atv,
to form like the letter Z' The crucial union
of parts, — as the optic commissure or chiasm
of the optic nerves, — Chias^mus seu Chias'ma
nervo'rum optico'rum,
CHIASTER, Kia8t<*r.
CHIASTOS. Same etymon. A bandage
so called because it resembles the letter X' —
Oribasius.
CHIBOTT, see Bursera gummifera.
CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with In-
dian meal dried in the sun, and fermented with
water. Its taste is that of bad cider. It is
also made from rice, peas, barley. Sec.
CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordoais.
CHICKENPOX, Varicella.
CHICKWEED, Alsine media.
CHJCORAE DES JARDINS, Cichorinm
endivia-— 4. Sauvage, Cichorium intjrbua.
CHIENDENT, Triticum repens.
CHI(}GO, Chique,
CHIOGRE, Chique.
CHIOOE, Chique,
CHIL'BLAIN, Per'nio, Bugan'tia, Eryihe'-
ma Per'nio, Erythe'ma a Prigorl, Cheimet'lon,
Chimet'lum, Chimon, Maicf, from chill, ' cold,'
and blain, <a pustule.' (F.) Engelure. An
erythematous inflammation of the feet, —
hands, he,, occasioned hj cold. It is verr
conmion in youth— not so in the adult or in ad-
vanced age. It is apt to degenerate into pain-
ful, indolent ulcerations, cidled Kibes, Chil-
blains are prevented by accustoming the parts
to exposure; and are treated by stimulant, tere-
binthinate and balsamic washes, ointments, and
liniments.
CHILD-BED STATE, Parturient sUte.
CHILDHOOD, Infancy.
CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata.
CHILI, see Lima.
CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
most celebrated mineral springs of Chili, in
South America, are those of Peldehues and
Canquenes. The former are not ftr from St.
Jago. They consist of two springs, one ther-
cmLIOORAMMA
177
CHIROTHECA
mttly the other cold. The hot spring is clear,
inodoroas, and contains soda and carbonic acid.
The cold spring contains iron and sulphate of
soda. Caoqaenes is much resorted to by inva-
lids during the summer. Mineral waters are
Tery common in Chili.
CHILI06RAMMA, Kilogramme.
CHILIOPHTLLON, Achillea millefolium.
CHILITES, Cheilitis.
CHILL, Rigor.
CHIXON, Chn*lony ClUili'Hs, from ytilot,
«a lip.' Inflammation of the lips. — VogeC One
who has a thick lip; LoAno, Lab^s.
CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
€:HIMAPmLA, Pyrola umbellata.
CHIMETLUM, ChUblain.
CHIMIA, Chymistry.
CHIMIATER, Chymiater.
CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria.
CHIMIB, Chymistry.
CHIMISTE, Chymist.
CHIMON, ChilbUin, Cold.
CHINA. Cinchona, Smilaz china— c. Ame-
rican or West India, Smilaz pseudo-china— c.
Occidentalifl, Smilaz peeudo-china^-c. Root,
Smilaz china— c. Spuria nodosa, Smilaz pseu-
do-c hina .
CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila— c.
Water, Nelmnbinm luteum.
CHINCHE, Cimez.
CHINCHINA, Cinchona.
CHINCHUNCHULLI, lonidiimi marcucci.
CHINCOUGH, Pertussis.
CHIN£S£,M£DICINE OYTKEyM^dicifna
Sin' tea. Medicine has been long, but most im-
perfectly, practised by the Chinese. From
their therapeutics we have obtained the old
operations of acupuncture and mozibustion.
CHINCPS WORM LOZENGES, see Worm
Lozenges, Ching's.
CHINICUS ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of
~c. Citras, Qniiline, citrate of.
CHINII ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of.
CHININI ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of.
CHININUM, Quinine— c. Arsenicosum, see
Qainine, salts of — c. Sulfuricum, see Quinine.
CHINIOIDINE, Chinoidiney Chiftoidi'nay
QwincTdine; from China, < Cinchona.* A sub-
stance presumed to be an alkaloid by Serturner,
who separated it from cinchona. It has been
supposed to be a mizture of quinia, cinchonia,
and a pecnliar resinous matter, but according
To Lieing it is simply the alkaloid quinia in an
afDorpbous state.
CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quinine, acetate
of — c. Ferrocyanogenatum, Quinine, Ferrocya-
oate oP— c. H[ydrochloricum, Quinine, muriate
of — c. Muriaticnm, Quinine, muriate of— c. Ni-
trieum, Quinine, nitrate of^— c. Phosphoricum,
Quinine, phosphate of— c. Salitum, Quinine,
muriate of — €■ Su lphnricum, &c., see Quinine.
CHINNETWEED, Lichen roccella.
CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila.
CHINWHELK, Sycosis.
CHIOCOCCiE RADIX, Caincae radix.
CHIOLI, Fumncultts.
CHION, &IOW.
CBIQUBy (F.) Pue€ pen4trant0, Pufex P#«'-
fCraiu, Tick J Ckiggrey Chigoe^ Chiggo. A
«mall insect in America and the Antilles, which
i^f'ts under the epidermis, and ezcites great ir-
ritation.
CHIR, Ckeir^ %ri^, Manns.
CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta.
CHPRAGRA, from /cic, 'hand,' and axc<c,
<a seizure.* Gout in the band.
CHIRAPOTHECA, Ars^al.
CHIRAPSIA, Friction.
CHIRARTHRrTIS,from/ii{,«hand,' «g«#»»,
'joint,' and itity denoting infhunmation. In-
flammation of the joints of the hand.
CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta.
CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta.
CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta.
CHIRHEITMA, Chirrheuma.
CHIRIATER, Surgeon.
CHIRIATRIA, Surgery.
CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala.
CHIRISIS, Surgery.
CHIRISMUS, Surgery.
CHIRIXIS, Surgery.
CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from /ftc, <the hand,*
and xvfrwyif, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of
the hand.
CHIROMANCY, Chiromanti^ay VaHein*iwm
ehiroman'Heumy Paim'iatrpy from jt"tf 'the
hand,' and/<arrf<«, 'divination.' (F.) Chiro'
mancis. Art of divining by inspection of the
hand*
CHIRONAX, Surgeon.
CHIRCNIA, (from Chiron, X«ie»*, the Cen-
taur, who is said to have discovered its use.)
A genus of plants. Fam, Gentianess.
Chiro'nia ANOULA'ais, Amsr 'icon Cen^taurfy
Rosepiniy Wild Sue^corf, Bitterbloomy Centrjy
Sabba'tiay S. Anguli^ris. Every part of tMs
plant is a pure and strong bitter, which pro-
perty is communicated alike to alcohol and to
water. It is used as a tonic and stomachic.
Chiro'ni a Cbnta v'ri vm, Centau'rium minus y
vulga'riy Centau'rtum parvumy Gwttia'na een-
tai^rium, Centaufrium minuSy Erythrttfa Cen^
tau'riufny Centau'reumy Centau*ris, Smaller
Centau'ryy Leaser C$ntauryy (F.) Centaur^
petite. The tops of the lesser Centaury, Cen-
taurii Caeu'mina, are aromatic and tonic, and
are sometimes employed as such.
Cbiko'nia Chilkm'sis, Gentia'na Caehenla^
hiien, Caehen-lagueny Erytkrr'a Chihn'siey
OenHa'na Peruv%a*na. A very bitter plant, in-
digenous in Chili. It possesses the virtues of
the Chironem. Given in infusion— (Jj, to wa-
ter Oj.)
CHIRONI'UM,' from xui^vy 'bad, malig-
nant.' An ulcer di fficult orcure :— of a swollen,
hard, and callous nature < — Galen. Some have
supposed the word to come from Chiron, the
Centaur; who was unable to cure such ulcers.
CHIRONOMI A, Cheironomia.
CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who
treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather
whose profession it is to remove corns and bun-
Yons, from ^n^, 'the hand,' and irov^, 'the
foot.'
CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
CHIROSIS, Subactio.
CHIROSTROPHO SIS, from ^ti ^ , 'the hand,'
and nrpf ipury, ' to tum.' Distortion of the hahd.
CHIROTHE'CA, fit>m /n^, 'the hand,' and
^17x17, 'a sheath.' A bandase for the hand; a
kind of bandage in which the fingers and hand
are enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole
hand and fingers are covered, it is called the
double or complete Ckirotheeay Ch. eomple^ta,
Vinetu'ra omnibus dig"itie ; and when only a
finger is covered, the half or ineompletCy Ch.
GHIROTRIBIA
176
CflLQBOno
incompU'tay VinOu'ra pr9 umo 4ig"if* See
QantilMm
CHIROTRI'BIA, from rfi«, «tbe band/ and
T^/9*, < I rub.' Friction witb tbe band. Ac-
cording to others, dexterity in an art. — ^Hippo-
crates, Galen.
CHIRRHEU'MAy Chirorrkeu'mny Rheuma-
H»*mu$ manutyfTom 5t<'<9 ' ^be band,' and^v/Miy
« flux/ RbeumatisR] of tbe hand.
CHIRURGKON, Surgeon.
CHIRURGIA, Surgery— c. Anaplasdca,
Morioplastire— c. Curtorom, Morioplastice — c.
In/hsoria, Infusion of medicines — c. Tranffuso-
ria, Transfusion.
CHIRURGICUS, Surgical.
CHIRURGIEy Surgery— «. MiUiair^y Sur-
gery, military.
CHIRUROIENy Surgeon— «. ConsuUaMy
Consulting Surgeon— «. HemUutiy see Hernial.
CfflRXXRGIQUE, Surgical.
CHIRURGUS, Surgeon.
CHIST. An Arabic woid which signifies
the sixth part. The sixth part of the Congitu
or gallon.
CHITON, Tunic.
CHITONISCUS, Indusium.
CHIUM VINUM. From Chios, the island
where it was produced; Chian wifu, used by
tbe physicians of antiquity in cases of deflux-
ions and ophthalmise. — Scribonius Largus.
CHLTAROS, jhapofy <tepid.' A name
given to slight fevers, in which tbe heat is not
great.^-Galen.
CHLIAS'MA> /lioMv^e, same etjrmon. A
tepid and moist fomentation. — ^Hippocrates.
CHLOAS'MA, Pityri'asM vsrne'olor, £pke-
lid* seorbHiique, Mae'ula hepat'icay Pannus A«-
pat'teuty Hepati'tofiy Pkaei, Pha'e§ay Pkacusy
(F.) Taches kepatiques, CJUUeurs du /om,
Livsrspot, from /ilooc, * a greenish-yellow co-
lour.' A cutaneous affection, characterized by
one or more broad irregular-shaped patches, of
a yellow or yellowish-brown colour, and occur-
ring most frequently on tbe front of the neck,
breast, abdomen, groins. Ice. The patches do
not generally rise above the surface. There is
usually some deipee of itching.
The causes are not very evident. Sulphur
externally — in any and every form — generally
removes it speedily. Should there be difficulty,
the external use of tbe remedy in baths or fu-
migations may succeed.
CHLORA, Chlorine.
CHLOR-\S KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po-
tasss murias hyperoxygenatus.
CHLORASMA, Chlorosis.
CHLOREy Chlorine—^. LifuidBy see Chlo-
rine.
CHLORETUM CALCARI^, Calcis chlo-
ridum.
CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis.
CHLORINE, from /Iwgoty < green/ Chlo'-
rinum, Chloray Oxymuriat'ic Acid Gas, Oxyge-
nat$d JIfuriatie Atid Om»y DfphlogintUaUd Jtfo-
rim Addy ffal'ogensy Mu*rigetie, Chlorum, (F.)
Chlor: So far as we know, this is an elemen-
tary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas,
of a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable
taste; incapable of maintaining combustion and
respiration, and very soluble in water. One of
its characteristics is, that of destroying, almost
immediat'*ly, all vegetable and animal colours.
It is employed in fumigations as a powerful
disinfecting agent. A tmt dilute solatm,ilfM
seu Liquor ddo'tiniy (F.) Cklor* Uqidd*, ha
been administered internally, in certain caso
of diarrbflea and chronic dysentery. ImmenMB
of the hands and arms in it has often remoi cd
itch and other cutaneous affections. It kit ibo
been inhaled in a dilute state in the early itigi
of phthisis, but it is of doubtful efficacy, ind ii .
better adapted for chronie bronchitis. I
CHLO ROFORM, Porchlorido of Pamql,
called, also, Tereklorids of CarboUy and CkUne
othoTy JSikor eklo'rimtOy (F.) Cklorur* i* Cm-
houy so called on account of the connezioB of
chlorine witb formic acid, is a colourlcsi oks-
ginous liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odoar,lMt,
aromatic, and peculiar taste, and of the tpecik
gravity ] .4h0. It may be obtained by distilliag
from a mixture of chlorinated lime sod ilcobol,
— ^rectifying tbe product by re-distilktion, fint
from a great excess of cnlorinated lime, wi
afterwards from strong aulpkuric acid. It las
been used with advantage in astluns, and is
diseases in which a grateful soothing agent ii
required. Bose, f. ;;ss to f. 3J. diluted witk
water. It has likewise been prescribed with
great success as an anesthetic agent in ^tf-
modic diseases ; and to obtund sensibility in mr-
^ical operatiops and in parturition,— etpeciallf
m dto way of inhalation { but its use reqnim
caution.
CHLOROPHTLLEy Fecula, .green.
CHLORO'SIS, from ;t'«Voc» 'green,' ?ii^
dtu Morbus y Redus Vir'ginum color yFal'li^
color virgin'susy Ict$rtt'*ia albay Ic'tonu s/Ku,
Ltueopathi'Oy Morbus virgin'suSy Morbut Ptf^
tken'iusy Dyspsp'sia ehloro'sisyFebris amato'm,
Cachsx'ia vir'ginumy Febris veV^Mwa, Ptirii
albay Anspitkym'ia ckloro'sisy Cklorat'ma,CU»-
ri'asisy Citto'sisy Chssn-sieJtnoss, (F.) Ci/f
rose, Pdles-couleurs, A disease which afecti
voung females, more particularly those wlv
have not menstruated. It is characterised by
a pale, lurid complexion, languor, listleonMi,
depraved appetite and digestion, palpitation, l(c.
The disease generally goes off on the occorreoee
of the menstrual flux; but sometimes it ii long
before this is establi^ed, and at timei, the a-
tamenia are in much larger quantity than iiisil-
To this last form M. Trousseau has given tk
name cklorose ksmorrhagiquo.
The blood of chlorosis is generally thin,li^-
coloured, and deficient in red corpuscles; «im1
the clot is in less proportion to the serum tlni
in health. On auscultation, a belbws' tossd
has been almost invariably detected over tbr
heart, and a continuous blowing sound in thf
larger arteries, (especially the carotids and sbV
clavians,) re-enforced by each ujtKoit of tw
ventricle, and resembling the buzzing of a ImB*
mine-top, the cooing of doves, the wfaiatlio^a
air through a key-hole. Ice, (See Bruii*) Very
similar sounds are heard in the arteries after
copious hemorrhage : they seem, therefore, to
comcide with enfeebled circulation. ,
Tonics — as iron— are usually required in tbe
treatment, — ^the disease most commonly ocoir-
ring in those in whom there is conudeisble
torpor of the system.
Chlobosis ^thiopuk Chthonophagis--<*
Amatoria, Hectic fevei^-^. Gigantea, see mj-
sarcia.
CHLOROTIC, Cklorot'icusy (F.) Cklsn-
Hquo, Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining
onxmuM
lit
CHOLERA
to chliMMisf— «• M^rwtie ftmtds, MufwtU
CHLORUM, Chlorine.
CHLORUBE DB CARBON^ Chloiofonn
«-«. d*Or^ Gold, Muriate of.
CHLORUBETUM OXIDI CALCU, Calcie
eUondinn.
CHOA, Cha.
CHOA'CUM EMPLA8TRUM NIGRUM.
A UMk plMtery mcationed by Celeiie, and com-
poied or eqoU poite of litharge and resin. The
iitfaaif e was fiitt boUed'in o&.
CHOAlCy Cjnanche trachealia--€. Wolf, Lj-
CHO AN A, PelTis— e. Cerebri, iDftmdibnlam
if the brain.
CHOANE, InAmdibnlom.
CHOANORRHA6JA, Epistazis*
CHOAVA, Coiiea Arabica.
CHOCOLATE, Ckaeola'tum, Ckoeola*tay
Smct^lm'tm^ SmteoeMa'ta. Dr. Alston sajs,
that this word is compounded from two East
Indian words : — «A««s, • sound/ end tuUy * water,'
because of the noise made in its preparation.
An alimentary paste prepared from the kernels
of the Tlu9h^'ma 9aoao or Caeaoy with sugar,
snd often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The cho-
csiite thus simply prepared--as it is met with,
indeed, in commerce — ^is called in France Ckc-
mUi 4$ smmti. It is not very easy of digestion.
The ekae^Ui ^ /« vanilU contains three ounces
of 9mmiUa and two of cmmmmom to twenty pounds
of SMMMM ekocolaU. The addition of the aro-
nmtic renders it somewhat more digestible.
Choeoiates may likewise be medicated.
CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Yirginiannm.
CHOCUS, Chu.
CHOCNICIS, Trepan*
CH(ENION, Cord.
CH(ENOS^ ror4.
CHCERUS, Serofhla.
CHOIROS, Vulva.
CHOKE DAMP, Carbonic acid.
CHOLA, Chole.
CHOLAGO, Cholas.
CHOL'AGOGUE, Ckolago'gut, Ckolt'gosj
FUiid'fteuMj from x^^f * ^^^* uid oyw, ' I ex-
pel.' The ancients gave this name to cathar-'
tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of
bile.
CHOLANSIS, Cholosis.
CHOLAS, jr*M^ Plur. /oxfla^c The epi-
pstric region. CMm'go. The intestines.—-
CHOLASMA, Cholosis.
CHOLiC CAWm, Ckda^ < bile,' (q. v.) in
composition.— Hence :
CHOLKCCHTSiaCJb/sit laftyjM; 6oro jr»ai|,
* bile,' and t rxv^*^y * efl!bsion. ' Eflnsion of bile.
CHOLECTST, Gall-bhulder.
CHOLECT$TEURYSrMA,fromr«a», <bile,'
nrrt^y * bladder,' and movrfa*^ * dilatation.' Di-
hlatioo of the gall-blsdder.
CHOLECYSTITIS, InUmma'tio V^ti'em
m'9m^ I. ^Mtidis f€irm, CystCHs fei'lB*y H^
fm^Hs C^at^Uoy from vaiif, < bile,' and Rwrir,
'Usdder.' (F.) Injlammatum tU U Ven€ui0du
He/, CkoiicfftHu. Inflammation of the gall-
adder.
CHOL'EDOCH, CkoMToekua; from ^Xn,
*bOc' and ^v/of, * containing or receivmg^'
The Dwttna ekolsdoekus sett ktf/tito^g'iicusf,
i>Mtiw tow Bi Ma is ekoUdockuty (F.) Omduii ou
Cammt CMUoqu§y is the duct formed by the
union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which
pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duo-
denum.
CHOLEDOCITIS, from ekoledocknsy and
•*»>; a snflbc denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of the choledoch duct.
CHOLED061tAPHT,CA«/«</o^tf'>Ua,nU»*
legraph'iay Chologmph'iay from %v>l>/, 'bile,'
and yptf^tiv, <to describe.' A description of
what relates to the bile and bilisry organs.
CHOLEDOL'OGT, ChoMoUg"iay Ckoi^
/o^'m, Chololoff'iay from ^oiq, <bile,' and
aox«c, <a discourse.' A treatise on the bile
and biliary organs.
CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue.
CHOLEGRAPHIA, Cboledography.
CHOLEHiCMIA, Icterus.
CHOLEIA, Claudication.
CHtJLELITHIA, Cysthepato]ithissis*^c.
Icterus, Icterus.
CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiaais.
CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary.
CHOLELOGIA, Choledology.
CHOLEMES'IA, CkoUm'e9it, from /•lif,
'bile,' and •^fvif, * vomiting.' Yomiting of
bile.
CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis.
CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious.
CHOLEPYRFFUS, Fever, bilious.
CHOLEPYRRHIN, see Bile.
CfiOL'ERA, CkoV0ru^mo*ku9y Chol'sra nof-
trag, Ckoltra vnlgt^tisy Sforatfie CkofetOj
CkoUrrk«^gi€ty Pa^sio rkoU/iea, F^liiflua
jMSMOyJUorhufgliifluusy Hol'ernyBUitJlna^ioy
(F.) Ckofdra-inorbHS spomdiqugy Ch. Euro^
ps'fift, TVousM-gafatUy from x^Xtf, 'bile,' and
{Ml, * I flow.' According to others, from ;^c-
x«^«(, * intestines,' or from x^^*9*» ' ^® gotter
of a house to carry ofl" the lain.' The l^gher
degrees have been called Centfgangfh'Hay and
MyeiogangliS^tia. A disease characterised by
<^>^icty, gripings, spasms in the legs and arms,
and by vomiting and purging (generally bi-
lious:) vomiting and purging are, indeed, the
essential symptoms. The disease is most com*
mon in hot climates, — and in temperate cli-
mates, during summer. In India, Spasmotf*
M ckoferay As*at*ie ckoleray MaHg'iumt «A.,
IWdiam. ekoUrmy EfUmmfic db., p0Hikn*iiaiek,y
Asphyxia peHiian'tHy PestiUnftial aspky^uty
Cko^erie P§st'iltu$y Eatttn rk., Orian'tui «4.,
ChoUra TUntu'ltM, Ch. In'dieay Ch, Efidamfi-
em. Typhus Btngmlsnfsisy ChoNro-typhns, GtfM-
gUoniftis periphsr'iea st msdull^risy ffymsn^ •
gnngliCtisyPnntogang'ii^Hs, Cho 'srrhm'a/ymph^
aticoy Psar^nisr'ta ; Typhoid Fevsr of ItuUtiy
Cholora asphyxia^ Hyporinuhrt ac'is, Entsrop^y"
ra AsMlf%e»y JVtsplaneh'niay TritplanehnffHSy
Manmataporrho'sisy Bamntorrho'sisy Morbus
aryzeus, Mnlignaut ChoUrOy Convulsive ner^
vous ChoUra'y Rioe diseass, (because supposed
by Tytler to be caused by diunaged rice,) (F.)
Mort do Chiouy is frightful in &e rapidity^ of
its progress, the patient sometimes dying m a
few hours from the first onset. In temperate
climates, common cholera is not usually a dis-
ease of much consequence. It requires that tiie
stomach and bowels should be cleared, and af-
terwards the irritation be allayed by fbll doses
of opium. In the malignant eho'sra of India,
hissing at tha outset, without regard to the
CHOLEBA-EUROFAEN
180
CHONDBO-PHARTNGEirS
signs of apparent depression, and large doses of
calomel, with opiates, form the great reliance
of the practitioner.
Cholera, Asiatic, see Cholera-— e. Asj^yxia,
see Cholera— €. Epidemic, see Cholera— e. Eu-
ropden, see Cholera^— c. Indian, see Cholera— «•
Indica, see Cholera.
Cholera Infan'tttm, Chol'*ric Fww of ht"
fantt; Cholera of Infants, A disease so termed
hy American physicians. It occurs, generally,
in the middle states of the Union, in June or
July, and continues during the hot weather,
hence called the < summer c6mpjaint»' The
chief symptoms are vomiting, purging of green
or yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with
pain or uneasiness ; and swelling of the abdo-
men, with some pyrexia, generally. The heat
of the weather seems to be the predisposing, if
not the exciting, cause. It is a fiital disease in
towns; differing little, if at all, from what is
mlgarly called the Watory Gripes in England.
Clearing, gently, the alimentary canal, so as to
remove the offending matter, and then exhibit-
ing chalk mixture and laudanum, with counter-
irritants, as sinapisms to the a'bdomen, is the
most satisfactory plan of treatment.
Cholera Malignant, see Cholera — c. Mor-
bus, Cholera — e. Morbus Sporadi^ue^ see Cho-
lera — c. Nervous, convnlsive, see Cholera — o.
Nostras, Cholera morbus— c. Oriental, see Cho-
lera— <. Pestilential, see Cholera— c. Spasmo-
dic, see Cholera— c. Sporadic, Cholera — &• See,
Cholera siccsp— c. Vulgaris, Cholera morbus.
Chol'vra Sicca, (F.) Ckoiira see. Pneu-
matosis of the digestive passages in which there
is a copious discl^rge of gas upwards and down-
wards.
CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania.
CHOL'ERIC, Chole/ieus. Belonging to
cholera morbus or to the bile. The French use
the term Fihvre ehoUrique for the fever accom-
panying cholera.
Crolbric Fbvsr op Infants, CholerK in-
fontum.
Choleric Txmpbramsnt is the same as Bi-
lious Temperament,
CHOL'ERINE. A diminutive of Cholera;
The first stage of epidemic cholera; also, the
precursory symptoms of cholera.
CHOLEROMA'NIA, Ckolerapho'bia, CkoU-
ropfu/Hay from cholera and mania, A dread of
chDlera to such an extent that the individual
fancies himself affected or threatened by it.
CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania.
CHOLEROPHO'Nfi,from Cholera, BH&^mm^.
# 'voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera.
CHOLEROPROSOl'ON, ChoUrop'sis, from
Cholera, and n^ovmnov, < coimtenance.' The
fiicial expression of cholera.
CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopoa.
CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic)
CH0LERRHA6IA, Cholera.
CHOLERRHCEA LYMPHATIC A,Cholera.
CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma.
CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin.
CHOLESTEATO'MA, from ^eii;, <bUe,'
and steatoma, (q. v.) An encysted tumour,
which presents upon the interior of the cyst se-
veral superimposed layers of cholesterin, which
glisten like pearl. Hence it was named by Crn-
veilheir the laminated ^naor sous fatty tumour,
CHOL'ESTERIN, ChoVesteHne, CholesU-
fi'ntiy Cholos'terina, Cholestearin£, ChoUstea-
H'nt, from 5rta9, 'bile, and rTf^Mf, < solid,' i
rTM^, ' suet? An inodorous, insipid substanc
ibstanee,
in white, shining scales; teible' and crystal-
lizing, on cooling, in radiated fibres. Solobk
in alcohol. It forms the crystalline part of
certain biliary calculi. See Adipocire.
CHOLEUMA, Cholosis.
CHOLIA, Cholosis.
CHOLICE'Lfi, from xelfi, <btle,' and it^aii^
( tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor-
bidly accnmnlated in the gall-bladder.
CHOLICUS, Bilious.
CHOLIUS, Bilious.
CHOLICTaTIECTASIE,Tnrg!taeen^WB'
sicse fellesB.
CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis.
CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE, Cholooat^^rko-
phe'sis, Cholooatatrhoph'ia ; from ;^oili7, * bile,'
and aroTtf^^^iv, * to sup up.' The absorptioB
of bile.
CHOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography.
CHOLOLITHUS, see Calcnli, bil4ry.
CHOLO'MA, from yoxo«, < lame, maimed.'
Distortion of a limb : mcapacity of moving it.
Also, the act of limping, claadication, (q. v.)
CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus.
CHOLORRHCE'A, from jr^lq, 'bile,' and
«w, * I flow.' An abnormous discharge of bile.
CHOLOS, Bile, Chole.
CHOLO'SES, from /olif,' bile.' M. Alibert
includes, under this head, every morbid affec-
tion of the liver and spleen.
CHOLO'SIS, from /auioc, < lame.' Cko'latos,
Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, CkalHa,
Claiidiea^tion^ (q. v.) Hippocrates employs
this word particolarly for a lameness of the
hand, which renders a person one-handed, mam-
choty(F.) Also, Icterus.
Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow.
CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin.
CHOLOTES, CholosU.
CH0L0ZE3aA FEBRILIS, Fever, biliov.
CHONDRITIS, /i»/f«iM)Mi'<tb Cartilag^ims;
from ^ovifocf * cartilage,' anditeV, a termination
den6tmg inflammatioiu Inflammation of car-
tilage.
CHONDROCLA'SIS, from /»»^(«c, « carti-
lage,' and xl«0ic, < fracture.' Fracture of a
cartilage.
CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid.
CHONDROGENES'IA, Chondrogen'esis ;
from x*t^«c9 *A cartilage,' and ywtoi^, * forma-
tion.' Formation of cartilage. A morbid
conversion of parts into cartilage.
CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from i^ovApoc, ' a car-
tilaee,' and y^meou, < the tongue.^ A fasciculus
of fleshy fibres, passing frt>m the lesser coma
of the OS hyoides to the t<mgue. It fonns pait
of the hyoglossus. ^
CHONDROGHAPHY, Chondrogra'pkia,
from x^H^f* * cartilage,' and yf^y ' descrip-
tion.' A description of cartilages.
CHONDROiD, Chondroi'des, Chondro'd-,
from jT"*^*'; 'cartilage,' and «f/oc, 'resekMh-
blance.' Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage.
CHONDROL'OGY, ChmdroUg'^ia, from
5^«r^^c, < a cartilage,' and io^, *a discoorae.'
A treatise on cartilages.
CHONDROMA, Enehondroma, from ^o^
ifu, * cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth pro-
ceeding from bones, including spina ventoaa,
osteo-sarcoma. Ice, of many.
CHONDRO-PHARYNGEUS, from 7«r«coc»
CHONBROKS
181
CHOROtD
* a ontikgV uid ^^vyl^ < the pharynx.' Fi-
bres of the muscular coat of the phsrynz, which
tfrise from the lesser comus of the os hyoides,
end form part of the Coustrietor mediu** See
Goostrictor pharrngis.
CHONDRO'SES, from v^d^ic, < cartilage.'
▲ morbid formation or condition of a cartilage.
CHONBROSTERNAL, Ckondrostema'lis,
from ^•'^{•Cy 'a cartilage/ and #i«n»iMiy *the
breast bone.' Having relation to the cartilages
of the ribs and breastbone, — as the ekondr^-
tlmnai Ugaments, articulations, Ice.
CHONDROSTNDES'MnS, from /ov^roc, ' a
cartilage,' and 0>ifv^0>^*c, <a li^pment.' Union
<tfboiieB,bjmeansof fibro-cartilage* Sjrnchon-
drosis.
CHONDROTOMY, Chondrotomfur, from
/•y^of, ' a cartilage,' and xuftuty, ' to cut. Dis-
section of cartilages.
CHONDRO-XIPHOID, ChtrndrcZipMi'des,
from xo9iff^y <a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the
cartilage so called. Having relation to the
xiphoid cartilage, as * Ckandro-xiphoid liga-
ment*'
CHONDRUS, Cartilage, like Xiphoid ear-
iHagSy in particular.
CHOHoaua, A Ilea, Fucus crispus — c. Cris-
pQS, Focus crispus-— c. Polymorphns, Fucus
cfupos*
CHONOS, Infundibulom.
CHOPINE, Chopi'noy Cheopi'na. A mea-
sare» which contains 1 6 ounces. A pint measure .
CHORA, ^Mf a, * region.' Any void space.
Also, the orbit of the eye.
CHORD, TESTICULAR, ^rmatic chord.
CHORDA, Corda. A string of an instru-
ment. It has several meanings : — asat^m^on, —
the infatines {Chorda*) Araceltus calls the
genital organs ehorda. Chorda sen Funie'tdut
T\m*pafn; a branch of the 7th pair of nerves,
according to some, but rather of the 5th pair,
which passes through the t3rmpanum, — Nerf
TfwtptuUqtiO^Ck.) Cordo du Tambour ou du
Tympam, Chordm WUlit'ii^ Trahec'tda Wil-
Uo*iij the small fibres which cross the sinuses
of the dura mater : so called from their first
describer, Willis. Chorda Tendififem; the
tendinous and cord-like substances which con-
nect the toiumnm eamem of the ventricles of
the heart to the valves, &c.
Chorda, Intestine — c. Hippocratis, Achillis
Tendo.
CHORDS Chordee— c. Ferrenii, Chords,
vocal.
Cboxda LoiroinmiifA'LBS Lancis'ii. Two
or three longitudinal elevations and lines on
the upper suHace of the corpus callosum.
Chorda Psnis, Chordee— c. Tendinea,
tee Chorda— c. Veneris, Chordee — c. Vocales,
Chords, vocal— c. Willisii, see Chorda.
CHORD AP'SUS, from xH^y < intestine,'
aid anrfliv, ' to tie.' Intustuaeojttio» Constric-
tion or twisting of the intestines. — Celsus.
The Colica Ileus. See Enteritis and Ileus.
CHORDEE', Cordo^y Chorda Ven'eria sen
Fmaisy Fhaiiameflo'tig^ Phalloeamf/sit, Chor-
imy Ckordafta Gonorrha'a. A painful affection
of the penis, attending gonorrhcea, and happen-
ing chiefly at night. It occurs when the vio-
lence of the inflammation is such, that the ure-
thra cannot expand as much as the corpora
cavernosa during erection, and consequently
the ^ans aaemt painfully drawn downwards.
The application of cold water topically and
the aoministration of opium internally, pal-
liate it. V
CHORE'A, Chorea Saneti ViH, Ch. Saneti
ModM*ti, Ch, g99tieulato*ria, Choroma'ma^
Sfn'elonus saltans, Tripudia'tio 9pas*tiea, from
/o(«iai, « a dance;' sometimes called Seelotyr'-
hi, Viii SaltuSf Salta'tio Saroti Viti, Ballit'-
mu§, Convul'tio habitua*lis, Siph'ita prava,
Sffn'dontu Chorsoj Myotyr*bi, Choreoma'nia,
Orehostroma^nioy EpUept'ia SeUtato'rioj Mor^
bus saltat</rius, Hieran'ostUy M, gsstietUtUo'^
riusySeelotfr^bi tarantitm'us, Si, Vitus' a Dance,
because the movements resemble dancing. (F.)
Chords, Danse de Saint- Witt, Danes de St.
GruT. The characteristics are : — ^irregular and
involuntary motions of one or more limbs, and
of the ftce and trunk. It is a disease which
usually occurs before puberty; and is generally
connected with torpor of the system, and of
the digestive system in particular. Its dura-
tion is long, but it is usually devoid of danger;
although frequently but little under the control
of mMicine. The spasms do not continue
during sleep. The indications of treatment
are : to strengthen the general system, and stir
mulate the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once
or twice a week, and chalybeates, with appro-
priate regimen, will fulfil these.
Chorba, Chronic, see Tie—c, Faciei, Tio
-t-c. Gesticulatoria, Chorea— «. Partial, see
2Ve— c. Saneti Modesti, Chorea^-e. Saneti Var
lentini, Tarantismus— c. Saneti Viti, Chorea.
CHORE'61 A , from x^^^i * ^ ^^<^f o^ dancers
and singers,' and ttyo, U lead.' Hippocrates
uses this term for the whole of the apparatus
necessary for a physician or surgeon.
CHOREOMANIA, Chorea.
CHORIODEf'TIS, ChorioidA'Hs', Chorit^"
di'tis, Choroidi'tis, from x*i***^y '^^® <^^
roid,' and itis. Inflammation of the choroid
coat of the eye.
CHORIODES, Choroid.
CHORIOIDEA, Choroid.
CHORIOIDES, Choroid.
CHO'RION, /e^ior, < skin,' from ^»ctc>, «to
contain, include.' Camis'ia Fatus, the ehe-
miss or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin,
transparent membrane, which surrounds the
fcetus in utero on every side. It is exterior to
the amnion.
Chorion also means the true skin. See
Cutis.
Chorion Fungosum, Decidua — c. Reticula-
tum, Decidua — c. Shaggy, Decidua — c. Spon-
giosum, Decidua— c. Spongy, Decidua — c. To-
mentosum, Decidua.
CHORIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular
tissue.
. CHOROID, ChoroVdsue, ChorcVdee, Cho*
rioides, Chorio'des, from xtf^tii^, * the chorion,'
and •iiof, < shape,' < resemblance.' Several
parts are so called, which resemble the chorion,
in the multitude of their vessels.
Choroidxa sen Chorioidea Tu'nica, Ch,
Memhra'na, or simply the Choroid, Tt^niea
vaseuii/sa Oe'uii, T, aeiniform'is seu rhago'^
dse, (F.) Membrane ehorolde, Choroxde, A
thin membrane, of a very dark colour, which
lines the sclerotica, internally. The part be-
hind the iris is called Uvea, It is situate be-
tween the sclerotica and retina, has an opening,
posteriorly, for the passage of the optic nerve ;
CBOEOIDS
in
CHRTSOIIELIA
and tflnninttef , anterior! j, at tlit great cireiim-
fbrence of the irU, where it is continaoaa with
the ciliary processes. According to Raysch,
the choroid consists of two layers, to the inner-
most of which his son gave Uie name Tu^niea
Ruytekiafnoy Membra'na Ruytekie^na^ (F.)
Mmnbran^ RufsekUnne, The internal aurhce
of the membrane is covered with a dark pig-
ment, consisting of several layers of pigment
cells, called Pigmm'tum nigrmmy Ophtkalmo-
ckni'U9i .Sthiopt ainimaiy (F.) EnduU ckorol-
dUm. Its use seems to be, to absorb the rays
of light after they have traversed the retina.
CHoaoi'DBS Plsxus, Pltwus ck9roViUu9 sen
rsHnUa'tiSf Vsrwus cer'sbri, Choroid Phmus,
Two membranoas and vascular duplicatnres of
the pia mater, situate in the lateral ventricles,
They are fixed to the Tela rAoroidsa by one
edp, and are loose and floating at the other.
CnoaoioBA Tbla, (F.) Tnl§ ekoro^dionns,
A kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of
the pia mater, which lines the lower surface of
the fornix united with the corpus calloeum. It
is stretched above the third ventricle, and
covers the posterior commissure and corpora
quadrigemina. Anteriorly, the tela choroidea
is continuous with the plexus choroides.
Chosoidxa YaifA, VenmGale'niflF.) Vtirus
ckoroidiennes. Two veins, which creep along
the tela choroidea; and into which alaoost all
those of the lateral ventricles, of the upper part
of the cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the
corpora quadrigemina open. The Yens Oale-
ni open into the sinus quturius or fomih sinus.
CHOROIDS, CEINTURE BL,HNCHE
J>B LAf Ciliary ligament— e. Com m s suri do
/«, Ciliary ligament.
CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis.
CHOROMANIA, Chorea.
CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res eon-
tea naturam— «. NaiursUss, Res natoralet-^.
non Natuisliss, Res non natnrales.
CHOSIS, Arenatio.
CHOU CASUS, Brassica capilata— «.
Cro^s, Saner Kraut— «. Reur, Brassica Flori-
da, Cauliflower excrescence — e, Marisi, Con-
volvulus soldanella — r., Nnvet, Brassica rapa —
c, Pommi, Brassica capitata— 0. Potogsr, Bras-
sica — e. Roquetts, Brassica eruca.
CHREMMA, Sputum.
CH^MPSIS, Exspuition.
tlon of anomtmg. Inunction
Achrana-
CHRISIS, from x0i», < I anoint.' The ac-
CHRISM A, same etymon. The act of anoint-
.V.)
ing. Thaailve or liniment used. Prurigo, (q. v.)
CHRISTI M ANUS. Troches prepared from
refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or
witibout prepared pearls.
CHRISTdPHER HERB, Actasa spicata.
CHRISTOS, %vif<, from /{'ts ' I anoint.'
Any medicine applied under uie form of lini-
ment or ointment.
CHROA, Chraa, Chroma. Colour in gene-
ral. The surface of the body. The akin.
CHRCEAS, Scrofula.
CHROMA, Chroa.
CHROMATOG'^ENOUS, from zift^ 'eo-
lour,' and xi»»4cn, * I make.'
Chkovatoo''vrou8 Appaba'tto. a parti-
cular apparatus for producing the colouring
matter of the skin, composed of a glandular or
secreting parenchyma, situate a little below the
paialUeyaiid presenting special ezcrelory ducts,
which po«r out the colouring matter oa tht nr-
face of the true skin. — Breschet.
CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,
topsia.
CHR0MAT0PSEUD0P8IA, i
CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia.
CHROMIC ACID, Ac^idum Ckro'w
(F.) Aoids ekromiqus. Obtained by crystalli-
zation from an admixture of Hek»omats of f^-
tassa, and oil of vitriol. It has been used as
an escharotic in external hemorrhoids.
CHROMIDRO'SIS, fh>m ^cMio, 'coloor,'
and *i^«c, < sweat.' Abnormous coloratiott of
the perspiratory secretion.
CHROMOP'SIA, Chromo^ia, Chrommop'-
sia, Ckrotop*sia, Ckrup'sia, Crof'sia, Vioms
soUraftma^ Sufu'sio colo'rmns, from vfi^Ka,
< colour,' and b^^tc, * vision.' A state orviaioii
in which a coloured impression is mad'e on the
retina. Said to be occasionally observed in
jaundice.
CHRONAGUNEA, Menstruation.
CHRONIC, Ckron'ious, Chro'nius, Foi^-
ekro'nius, Invstsra'iusj Anti'quus, Dsmm'ms,
from xii9>o<, < time.' Of long duration.
Chronic Diseases, Morid ekron'td, (F.>
Malmdios Ckroniquss, Maoronos'itt, Maerm'simy
are those whose duration is long, or whoaa
symptoms proceed slowly. The antitheais to
chronic is acute, (q. v.)
CHRONO, from xt^^f- ^ ^i™^-' ^ V"^'^ ^
terms denotiOg inflammation of a part, to show
that such inflammation is chronic. — Piorry.
CHRONO^HKPA TITE, Hepatitis, chronic.
CHRONO-NAPHRITE, Nephritia (chro-
nic.)
CHROTOPSIA, ChromopsUu
CHRUPSIA, Chromopsia.
CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid.
CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officioaKa.
CHBTSAa^iaxMVM LxDOAir'THxvtrH, from
/«»««<> ' gold,' and ar&t, <a flower.' The Ov-
eye daisy, Dtdsf, Whitew eed , Gofdons, M m md
linwort, BeUis major, BupktkaTmum mmjuo,
Leuoan'thomum vu^afri, BeUidieU'des, Comoot-
ida media, O&ulus Bovis, (F.) Ckrysantkhm^j
Chrfsine, Grand Marguerite dee pris. Tba
flowers and herb are slightly acrid; and wer»
once used in pulmonary diseases.
Chetbanthexuii Partbxhium, Matricaria
parthenium.
CHRYSB, from ^fiv^f, * gold.' The oaine
of a yellow plaster, deacnbed by Paulna of
.£gina, and composed of thus, alum, lead, oolo-
phany, resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in Tina-
gar.
CHRTSkNE, Chrysanthemum lencantha-
C 
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